,,transcrib]',s ,,note ,italic text is d5ot$ by und]scores4 ,footnote an*ors are d5ot$ by numb]1 & ! footnotes h be5 plac$ at ! end ( ! book4 ,basic fractions are display$ z etc2 o!r fractions are %[n 9 ! =m a-b_/c1 = example #c_/aa or #ae-h_/ab4 ,! acronym ,p4,n4,e4,u4 /&s = 8,p>5ts' ,national ,educational ,union04 ,"s m9or *anges to ! text are not$ at ! end ( ! book4 ,,an ,,essay ,,t[>ds ,a ,,philosophy ,,( ,,education ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,,by ,,! ,,same ,,au?or ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,,home ,,education4 ,,p>5ts ,,& ,,*ildr54 ,,s*ool ,,education4 ,,ourselves4 ,,"s ,,/udies ,,9 ,,! ,,=mation ,,( ,,"*4 ,,! ,,savi\r ,,( ,,! ,,_w3 ,,or1 ,,! ,,gospels ,,9 ,,v]se4 ,ea* ,volume pr(usely illu/rat$4 ,,vol4 ,i3 ,,! ,,holy ,,infancy4 ,,vol4 ,,ii3 ,,8 ,,dom9ion4 ,,vol4 ,,iii3 ,,k+dom ,,( ,,heav54 ,,vol4 ,,iv3 ,,bread ,,( ,,life4 ,,vol4 ,v3 ,,! ,,great ,,controv]sy4 ,,vol4 ,,vi3 ,,! ,,tra9+ ,,( ,,! ,,disciples4 ,,! ,,ambleside ,,geography ,,read]s4 ,,book #a4--;,,elem5t>y4 ,maps1 ,plans1 etc4 ,,book #b4--;,,*ief ,,divisions ,,( ,,! ,,_w1 ) special ref]5ce to ! ,briti% ,empire4 ,,book #c4--;,,c\nties ,,( ,,engl&4 ,,book #d4--;,,europe4 ,,book #e4--;,,asia1 ,,africa1 ,n4 ,,& ,s4 ,,am]ica1 ,,au/ralia4 ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,an ,essay ,t[>ds ,a ,philosophy ( ,education ,a ,,lib]al ,,education ,,= ,,all ,,by ,,*>lotte ,m4 ,,mason ,,london ,,kegan ,,paul1 ,,tr5*1 ,,trubn]1 ,,co41 ,,ltd4 ,,broadway ,,h\se3 #fh-gd1 ,,c>t] ,,lane1 ,e4,c4 #d #aibe ,pr9t$ 9 ,great ,brita9 by ,! ,b[]+ ,press1 ,plym\?4 8,,all ,,k ,,= ,,all ,,m540 ,com5ius4 8,books1 we "k1 ,are a sub/antial _w1 bo? pure & good1 ,r\nd :i*1 ) t5drils /rong z fle% & blood1 ,our pa/ime & our happ9ess w gr[40 ,wordswor?4 ,cont5ts ,,page ,,=eword xxiii ,,preface xxv ,,synopsis xxix ,,introduction #a ,,book ,i ,,*apt] ,i ,,self-,,education #bc ,n self-expression--,a p]son1 built up f )9--,life1 su/a9$ on food--,plant analogy mislead+--,m5tal & physical gymna/ics--,m5tal food--,! life ( ! m9d--,prop] su/5ance--,k1 n s5sation or in=mation--,education1 ( ! _s--,_c be appli$ f )\t--,mod]n educators belittle *ildr5--,education w pr(it by divorce f sociology--,dang] ( an alliance ) pa?ology--,a compreh5sive !ory--,fits all ages--,self-education--,all *ildr5 h intellectual capacity--,%\ld le>n to #8read' be=e me*anical art ( read+--,are mu* occupi$ ) ?+s & books--,a k ( pr9ciples1 necess>y--,education *aotic = want ( unify+ !ory--,! motive t c\nts4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,*ildr5 ,,are ,,born ,,p]sons #cc #a4--,! ,m9d ( a ,*ild3 ,! baby1 m ?an a huge oy/]--,poets on infancy--,accompli%m5ts ( a *ild ( two--,education does n produce m9d--,! range ( a *ild's ?\ghts--,reason & imag9ation pres5t 9 ! infant--,w & wilfulness4 #b4--,! ,m9d ( a ,s*ool-,*ild3 ,amaz+ pot5tialities--,bra91 ! organ ( m9d--,! 8unconsci\s m9d10 a region ( symptoms--,m9d1 be+ spiritual1 kn[s no fatigue--,bra91 duly f$1 %\ld n "k fatigue--,a 8play-way0 does n lead to m9d--,nor does environm5t--,m9d mu/ come into contact ) m9d--,:at is m9d8--,mat]ial ?+s h little effect ^u m9d--,education1 ! evid5ce ( ?+s n se5--,ideas1 only fit su/5ance = m9d--,*ildr5 mu/ h great ideas--,*ildr5 exp]i5ce :at !y he> & read (--,our want ( confid5ce 9 *ildr5--,*ildr5 see1 9 _! m9ds--,m9d1 "o & works altoge!r--,*ildr5 mu/ see ! _w--,dang]s ( te*nical1 comm]cial1 hi/orical geography--,e man's m9d1 8 means ( liv+--,all classes mu/ be educat$--,! /hetic s5se--,a *ild's intellect & he>t already furni%$--,he le>ns to ord] 8 life4 #c4--,motives = ,le>n+3 ,dilut$ tea*+--,e *ild has inf9ite possibilities--,! ,p>5ts' ,union ,s*ool--,! ,h\se ( ,education--,tea*]s mu/ "k capabilities & requirem5ts ( *ildr54 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,! ,,good ,,& ,,evil ,,nature ,,( ,a ,,*ild #df #a4--,well-,be+ ( ,body3 8,*ildr5 ( wra?0--8,little angel0 !ory--,good & evil t5d5cies--,education1 h&maid ( ,religion--,religion becom+ m magnanim\s--,new-born *ildr5 />t fair--,*ildr51 m ( p]sons 9 _! homes--,appetites--,s5ses--,undue n]v\s t5sion--,ov]p[]+ p]sonality--,p>asitic habits4 #b4--,well-,be+ ( ,m9d3 ,m9d1 n a *>t]$ lib]t9e--,has good & evil t5d5cies--,intellectual evil--,intellect en?ron$ 9 e *ild--,a *ild's vivify+ imag9ation--,explanations unnecess>y--,*ildr5 s5se ! mean+ ( a passage--,incuria--,go+ ov] same gr\nd--,dang]s ( specialisation--,( ! que/ionnaire--,capacity v4 aptness--,imag9ation1 good & evil--,reason deifi$ by ! unle>n$--,fallaci\s reason+--,a lib]al education necess>y--,! beauty s5se4 #c4--;,intellectual ,appetite3 ,! desires--,wrong use (--,love ( k suffici5t /imulus4 #d4--,misdirect$ ,affections3 ,! feel+s--,love & ju/ice--,moral education--,*ildr5 mu/ n be f$ morally--,!y want food ^: issue is conduct--,moral lessons worse ?an useless--,e *ild end[$ ) love--,& ju/ice--,rights & duties--,f9e art ( self-adju/m5t--,to ?9k fairly requires k--,our ?\ghts are n our own--,tru?1 ju/ice 9 ^w--,op9ions %[ integrity ( ?\ght--,s\nd pr9ciples--,all *ildr5 intellectually hungry--,/>ve on ! ?ree ,r's4 #e4--,! ,well-,be+ ( ! ,s\l3 ,education & ! ,s\l ( a *ild--,ignorance ( ! *ild--,approa*es t[>ds ,god--,h[ k gr[s--,n>ration--,great ?\ghts ( great ?9k]s illum9ate *ildr5--,education dr[n$ by talk--,=mative influ5ce ( k--,self-expression--,education1 a go+ =? ( ! m9d--,! 8unconsci\s m9d0--,m9d always consci\s--,b ?9ks 9 ways ( :i* we are unconsci\s--,dang]s ( introspection--8,complexes0--,necessity = a ,philosophy ( ,education4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,au?ority ,,& ,,docility #fh ,deput$ au?ority1 lodg$ 9 ev]yone--,no su* ?+ z an>*y--,a m]e transf]5ce ( au?ority--,au?ority makes = ,lib]ty--,ord]1 ! outcome ( au?ority--,docility1 univ]sal--,! pr9ciples ( au?ority & docility inh]5t 9 ev]yone--,crux1 to f9d ! mean--,fre$om1 (f]$ z solution--8,pr\d subjection & dignifi$ ob$i5ce0--,secur$ by fe$+ ! m9d--,subs]vi5ce v4 docility--,docility implies equality--,physical activities d n su/a9 m9d--,_m relation%ips mu/ be e/abli%$--,no undue emphasis--,s5se ( mu/ 9 tea*] & *ild--,fre$om comes ) k--,! (fice makes ! man--,*ildr5 mu/ h responsibility ( le>n+--,! pot5cy ( _! m9ds--,all *ildr5 h quick appreh5sion--,& ! p[] ( att5tion--,humane lett]s make = effici5cy--,delightful to use any p[]--,common int]e/s--,p[]s ( att5tion & recollection a national asset--,b want ( intellectual int]e/s a s]i\s h&icap4 ,,*apt] ,v ,,! ,,sacr$ness ,,( ,,p]sonality #hj ,an adequate conception ( *ildr5 necess>y--,all action comes f ! ideas held--,! *ild's e/ate high] ?an ours--,me?ods ( und]m9+ p]sonality-- ,fe>--,love--8,sugge/ion0--,influ5ce--,m e?ods ( /ultify+ intellectual & moral gr[?--,! desires--,( approbation--,( emulation--,( ambition--,( society--,! natural desire ( k--,def9ite progress1 a condition ( education--,doctr9e ( equal opportunities = all1 dang]\s--,b a lib]al education ! possibility = all4 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,?ree ,,in/rum5ts ,,( ,,education #id #a4--;,education is an ,atmosph]e3 ,only ?ree means ( education--,n an artificial environm5t--,b a natural atmosph]e--,*ildr5 mu/ face life z x is--,b mu/ n be ov]burd5$ by ! ef=t ( decision--,dang]s ( intellectual feebl5ess & moral s(tness--,brac+ atmosph]e ( tru? & s9c]ity--,n a too /imulat+ atmosph]e--,dang]s ( 8runn+ wild0--,s]5ity comes ) ! food ( k--,two c\rses op5 to u4 #b4--;,education is a ,discipl9e3 ,we mu/ all make ef=ts--,b a new po9t ( view1 necess>y--,*ildr5 mu/ "w = !mselves--,mu/ p]=m ! act ( kn[+--,att5tion1 ! hall-m>k ( an educat$ p]son--,o!r good habits att5d+ ^u due self-education--,_s1 acts ^u matt]--,habit is to life :at rails are to transport c>s--,habit is inevitable--,g5esis ( habit--,habits ( ! ord]$ life--,habits ( ! religi\s life--,de ,qu9cey on go+ to *ur*--,dang] ( ?9k+ 9 a groove--,fads4 #c4--;,education is a ,life3 ,life is n self-exi/+--,body p9es ^u food sub/itutes--,m9d _c live ^u in=mation--,:at is an idea8--,a live ?+ ( ! m9d--,pot5cy ( an idea--,col]idge on ideas--,platonic doctr9e ( ideas--,functions ( education n *iefly gymna/ic--,dang]s att5dant ^u 8orig9al composition0--,ideas1 ( spiritual orig9--,! *ild1 an eclectic--,resi/s =cible fe$+--,we mu/ take ! risk ( ! indirect lit]>y =m--,ideas mu/ be pres5t$ ) mu* lit]>y padd+--,no "o capable ( mak+ extracts--,op9ions v4 ideas--,giv5 an idea1 m9d p]=ms acts ( selection & inception--,mu/ h humane read+ z well z human ?\ght4 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,h[ ,,we ,,make ,,use ,,( ,,m9d #aab ,h]b>tian ,psy*ology--8,app]ception masses0--,dang]s ( correlation--8,conc5tration s]ies0--,*ildr5 r$uc$ to inanities--,m9d1 a spiritual organism--,_c live ^u 8sweetmeats0--,burd5 ( education ?r[n on tea*]--,dang] ( exalt+ p]sonality ( tea*]--8,delightful lessons0--,across ! ,bridges1 by ,a4 ,pat]son--,bl9d alleys--,unemploym5t--,be/ boys run to se$--,cont9uation ,classes--,education ,act ( #aiah--;,an eight h\rs' ,univ]sity c\rse--,academic ideal ( ,education--,cont9uation s*ool1 a ,p's ,univ]sity--,dang]s ( utilit>ian education--,! 8humanities0 9 ,engli%--,n>ration prep>es = public speak+--,fa!r ( ! ,p's ,high ,s*ools--,muni* s*ools--,wor%ip ( effici5cy--,a well-gr\nd$ humani/ic tra9+ produces capacity--,mr4 ,fi%] on ,cont9uation ,s*ools--,a m excell5t way--,education f six to sev5te5--,a lib]al education = all4 ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,! ,,way ,,( ,,! ,,w #abh ,w1 8! sole practical faculty0--8,! w is ! man0--,its function1 to *oose1 to decide--,op9ions provid$ = u--,we take second-h& pr9ciples--,"o possible a*ievem5t1 "*--,aim 9 education1 less conduct ?an "*--,assaults ^u ! w--8,sugge/ion0--,volunt>y & involunt>y action--,we mu/ *oose betwe5 sugge/ions--,dang] ( sugge/ion giv5 by ano!r ) int5t--,vic>i\s *oos+--,weak5s p[] ( *oice--,p>asitic creatures may become crim9al--,gordon ,riots--,8 w1 ! safegu>d ( a man--,indec5t to probe ?\ghts ( ! 8unconsci\s m9d0--,"r ?9k+1 n self-expression--,x fl[s ^u ! /imulus ( an idea--,w mu/ be =tifi$--,k ( ! 8city ( ,mans\l0 necess>y--,also in/ruction conc]n+ ! w--,dang]s ( drift+--,a *ild mu/ di/+ui% betwe5 w & wilfulness--,a /rong w & 8be+ good0--,w mu/ h object outside ( self--,is ( sl[ gr[?--,w v4 impulse--,a con/ant w1 compasses evil or good--,! 8s+le eye0--,bu%ido--,w1 subject to solicitation--,does n act alone--,takes ! :ole man--,he mu/ und]/& 9 ord] to w--,w1 a free ag5t--,*oice1 a heavy lab\r--,ob$i5ce1 ! su/a9] ( p]sonality--,ob$i5ce ( *oice--,p]sons ( con/ant w--,dang]s ( weak all[ance--,two s]vices op5 to all--,self & ,god--,w is supreme--,w we>ies ( opposition--,div]sion--,! 8way ( ! w0--,freewill--,we may n ?9k :at we please--,w support$ by in/ruct$ consci5ce & tra9$ reason--,education mu/ prep>e = imm$iate *oice--,adequate education mu/ be outw>d b\nd4 ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,! ,,way ,,( ,,! ,,reason #aci ,reason br+s =w>d infallible pro(s--,may be fur!r] ( c\nsels1 good or bad--,inv5tions--,h[ did y ?9k ( x8--,*ildr5 %\ld foll[ /eps ( reason+--,psy*ology ( crime--,reasonable & "r1 n synonym\s--,reason works involunt>ily--,reason nev] beg9s x--,reason w affirm any !ory--,logic1 ! =mula ( reason--,b n necess>ily "r--,beauty & wond] ( act ( reason+--,b !re are limitations--,we mu/ be able to expose fallacies--,k>l ,m>x--,sociali/ic ?\ght ( to-day--,reason requires mat]ial to "w ^u--,reason subject to habit--,*ildr5 mu/ h pr9ciples--,be able to detect fallacies--,mu/ "k :at ,religion is--,miracles--,quasi-religi\s (f]s--,great ?+s ( life _c be prov$--,reason is fallible--,*ildr51 int5sely reasonable--,reason+ p[] ( a *ild does n wait ^u tra9+--,b *ildr5 d n g5]alise--,mu/ n be hurri$ to =mulate--,ma!matics %\ld n monopolise undue "t--,_c alone produce a reasonable s\l4 ,,*apt] ,x ,,! ,,curriculum #aed ,/&>d 9 ,second>y ,s*ools set by public exam9ations--,elem5t>y ,s*ools less limit$ ) reg>d to subjects--,a complete curriculum 9 ! nature ( ?+s--,education /ill at sea--,*ildr5 h inh]5t claims--,law ( supply & dem&--,human nature a composite :ole--,! educational rights ( man--,we may n pick & *oose--,%elley (f]s a key--,mi/akes v4 h[l]s--,k %\ld be consecutive1 intellig5t1 complete--,h\rs ( "w1 n numb] ( subjects1 br+ fatigue--,%ort h\rs--,no prep>ation4 ,,section ,i3 ,,! ,,k ,,( ,,god #aeh ,k ( ,god indisp5sable--,mo!rs communicate x be/--,relation to ,god a fir/-born aff9ity--8,kiddies0 n expect$ to und]/&--,s*ool education beg9s at six--,no consci\s m5tal ef=t %\ld be requir$ e>li]--,dr4 ,johnson on 8tell+ aga90--,two aspects ( ,religion--,attitude ( ,w t[>ds ,god--,gradual p]ception ( ,god--,goe! on repose ( s\l--,*ildr5 mu/ h passive z well z active pr9ciple--,new ,te/am5t tea*+ mu/ be gr\nd$ on ,old--,sceptical *ildr5--,mu/ n be evad$ or answ]$ f9ally--,a ?\ghtful comm5tator necess>y--,me?od ( lessons1 six to twelve1 twelve to fifte51 fifte5 to eighte5--,aids ( mod]n s*ol>%ip--,dogmatic tea*+ comes by inf]5ce--,v little hortatory tea*+ desirable--,syn!tic /udy ( life & tea*+ ( ,*ri/1 a necessity--8,au!ntic comm5t0 essay$ 9 v]se--,cate*ism--,pray] ,book--,*ur* ,hi/ory4 ,,section ,,ii3 ,,! ,,k ,,( ,,man #afi 7a7 ,hi/ory3 ,montaigne on hi/ory--,! ,league ( ,nations & its p>allels--,h5ry ,,viii on prec$5t--,dang]s ( indiff]5ce to hi/ory--,rational patriotism dep5ds ^u k ( hi/ory--,hi/ory mu/ give m ?an impressions & op9ions--,p4,u4,s4 me?od multiplies "t--,conc5trat$ att5tion giv5 to ! "r books--,condition1 a s+le read+--,att5tion a natural function--,tea*]'s int]e/ an inc5tive--,tea*] :o 8makes all[ance0 = w&]+1 h9d]s--,n>ration 9 ! hi/ory lesson--,di/9ction betwe5 ^w memory & m9d memory--,engli% hi/ory = *ildr5 ( six to n9e--,( n9e to twelve--,fr5* hi/ory--,anci5t hi/ory--,= *ildr5 ( twelve to fifte5--,indian hi/ory--,european hi/ory--,hi/ory = pupils ( fifte5 to eighte5--,lit]ature--,a m5tal pageant ( hi/ory--,gives weight to decisions1 consid]ation to action1 /ability to conduct--,lab\r unre/--,inf9ite educability ( all classes--,equal opportunity %\ld be af=d$--,b uneas9ess apt to foll[--,k br+s its own satisfaction--,education m]ely a means ( gett+ on1 or1 ( progress t[>ds high ?9k+ & pla9 liv+4 ,,ii3 ,,! ,,k ,,( ,,man #ahj 7b7 ,lit]ature3 ,lit]ature 9 ,=m ,i--,classics1 n writt5 d[n--,9 ,=m ,,ii--,*ildr5 %[ orig9ality 9 8m]e n>ration0--,j z ,scott1 ,%akespe>e1 ,hom]--,*ildr5 all sit d[n to ! same fea/--,ea* gets accord+ to 8 ne$s & p[]s--,read+ = ,=ms ,,iii & ,,iv--,abridg$ editions undesirable--,*ildr5 take pleasure 9 ! 8dry0 p>ts--,mu/ h a s5se ( wide spaces = ! imag9ation to w&] 9--,judgm5t turns ov] ! folios ( ! m9d--,/atesman%ip1 =m$ ^u wide read+--,read+ = ,=ms ,v & ,,vi 7fifte5 to eighte574 ,,ii3 ,,! ,,k ,,( ,,man #ahe 7c7 ,morals & ,economics3 ,citiz5%ip3 ,=m ,i--,tales--,fables--,he>s ( great citiz5s--,=m ,,ii--,! inspiration ( citiz5%ip--,plut>*--,pres5t day citiz5%ip--,problems ( good & evil--,plut>* does n label actions--,*ildr5 we>y ( ! doctor$ tale--,! human /ory always int]e/+--,jacob--,! good1 :i* is all virtu\s1 palls--,*ildr5 mu/ see life :ole--,mu/ be protect$ f grossness by lit]>y m$ium--,le>n ! sci5ce ( proportion--,difficulty ( *oos+ books--,*a/ely taught *ildr5 wat* _! ?\ghts--,expurgat$ editions--,processes ( nature mu/ n be associat$ ) impurity--,games--,(f5ces br$ 9 ! m9d--,m9d mu/ be cont9ually & :olesomely occupi$--,a s\nd body & a s\nd m9d--,ourselves1 our ,s\ls & ,bodies--,an ord]$ pres5tation ( ! possibilities & p[]s ( human nature4 ,,ii3 ,,! ,,k ,,( ,,man #aij 7d7 ,composition3 ,oral1 f six to sev5--,dang]s ( tea*+ composition--,! art ( 8tell+0--,p[] ( composition innate--,oral & writt5 f n9e to twelve--,integral "p ( education 9 e subject--,f twelve to fifte5--,an inevitable consequ5ce ( free & exact use ( books--,v]se--,scansion--,rhy?m--,acc5t- -,subject mu/ be "o ( ke5 int]e/--,f fifte5 to eighte51 "s def9ite tea*+--,sugge/ions or corrections--,education be>s on ! issues & int]e/s ( ev]yday life4 ,,ii3 ,,! ,,k ,,( ,,man #bji 7e7 ,languages3 ,engli%--,gramm>--,beg9 ) s5t5ce--,difficulty ( ab/ract k--,fr5*--,n>ration f ! beg9n+--,italian--,g]man--,lat94 ,,ii3 ,,! ,,k ,,( ,,man #bac 7f7 ,art3 ,art is ( ! _s--,rev]5t k ( pictures !mselves--,me?od--,no talk ( s*ools ( pa9t+ or /yle--,picture tells its own tale--,draw+--,orig9al illu/rations--,figures--,objects--,col\r --,field /udies--,ar*itecture--,clay-modell+--,ar ti/ic h&icrafts--,musical ,appreciation4 ,,section ,,iii3 ,,! ,,k ,,( ,,! ,,univ]se #bah 7a7 ,sci5ce3 ,huxley--8,common in=mation0--,books %\ld be lit]>y 9 "*--,fr5* approa* to sci5ce--,pr9ciples und]ly+ sci5ce meet = lit]>y treatm5t--,details ( application too te*nical = s*ool "w--,univ]sal pr9ciples mu/ be l9k$ ) common incid5ts--,v]biage t d>k5s c\nsel--,out-(-door "w--,natural hi/ory1 botany1 a/ronomy1 physiology1 hygi5e1 g5]al sci5ce--,a due comb9ation ( field "w ) lit]>y comm5ts--,fatal divorce betwe5 sci5ce & ! 8humanities0--,nature ,note ,books--,sci5ce n a utilit>ian subject4 ,geography3 ,suff]s f utilit>ian _s--,my/]y & beauty gone--,mod]n geography1 conc]n$ ) man's pr(it--,a map %\ld unfold a panorama ( delight--,map "w--,*ildr5 read & picture descriptions--,k ( ,engl&1 a key to ! _w--,naval hi/ory--,empire geography--,curr5t geography--,c\ntries ( ,europe--,romance ( natural features1 peoples1 hi/ory1 indu/ries--,g5]alisations1 n geography--,*ildr5 mu/ see ) ! m9d's eye--,two ways ( tea*+ geography--,inf]5tial me?od--,b g5]al pr9ciples op5 to modification--,no local col\r & p]sonal int]e/s--,no imag9ative conception--,panoramic me?od--,gives col\r1 detail1 proportion1 pr9ciples--,pictures n ( mu* use--,except ^? con/ruct$ by ! imag9ation f writt5 descriptions--,survey ( ,asia--,africa--,am]ica--,physical geography--,geography 9 connection ) hi/ory--,practical geography4 ,,iii3 ,,! ,,k ,,( ,,! ,,univ]se #bcj 7b7 ,ma!matics3 ,reason+ p[]s d n wait ^u our tra9+--,beauty & tru? ( ,ma!matics--,a s5se ( limitation :olesome--,we %\ld he> sursum corda 9 natural law--,m9d invigorat$ by h>d ex]cise--,ma!matics easy to exam9e ^u--,dang]s ( education direct$ n to awak5 awe b to secure exactness--,:i* does n s]ve 9 o!r dep>tm5ts ( life--,"w ^u special l9es qualifies = "w on ^? only--,ma!matics to be /udi$ = _! own sake--,n z !y make = g5]al intellig5ce & grasp ( m9d--,g5ius has h] rights--,t5d5cy to sacrifice ! 8humanities0 to ,ma!matics--,ma!matics dep5d ^u ! tea*]--,few subjects worse taught--,a necess>y "p ( education4 ,,iii3 ,,! ,,k ,,( ,,! ,,univ]se #bcc 7c7 ,physical ,developm5t1 ,h&icrafts4 ,no special me?ods = ^!4 ,,book ,,ii ,,!ory ,,appli$ ,,*apt] ,i ,a ,,lib]al ,,education ,,9 ,,elem5t>y ,,s*ools #bce ,a lib]al education1 bir?right ( e *ild--,good life implies cultivat$ intellig5ce--,difficulty ( (f]+ ,humanism to ev]yone--,problem solv$ at la/--by ! ,drighl+ton ,s*ool 7,yorks7--,tea*]s1 n satisfi$--,pot5cy1 n prop]ty1 *>act]i/ic ( m9d--,we try to give pot5cy r ?an k--,result1 devitalisation--,m9d receives k 9 ord] to gr[1 n to "k--,(fice ( tea*] depreciat$--,he has prophetic p[] ( appeal & inspiration--,delightful comm]ce ( equal m9ds--,& friction ( wills ceases--,*ildr5 n products ( education & environm5t--,c>lyle on 8a p]son0--,*ildr5 n incomplete & undevelop$1 b ignorant & weak--,pot5tialities ( a *ild z he is--,david ,copp]field--,k1 conceiv$ 9 m9d--,ignorance1 a *ief cause ( our difficulties--,mat!w ,arnold--,?ree divisions ( k--,all class$ "u ,humanism--,m9d acts ^u x--,vitality results--,m9d & k l ball & socket jo9t--,results ( ,p4,n4,e4,u4 me?od made good by ?\s&s ( *ildr5--,"w done by self-ef=t--,s+le read+ te/$ by n>ration--,no revision--,= *ildr5 "k--,use prop] names ) ease--,write fully--,r>ely make h[l]s--,get at gi/ ( book or subject--,*ildr5 ( six to eight dictate answ]s at exam9ation "t--,tea*] reads ) int5tion--,is c>eful to produce au?or--,*ildr5 li/5 ) att5tion--,no selection ( subjects--,book read ?r\gh--,old] *ildr5 read = !mselves--,"w done 9 less "t--,no prep>ation--,no work+-up--,"t = vocational "w--,su* education1 a social lev]--,a v5ture ( fai?--,9 k & 9 *ildr5--,a new product appe>s--,peculi> exp]i5ce1 mislead+--,g5]al exp]i5ce te/ifies to laws--,usual educational equipm5t bas$ on false assumption--,:i* int]v5es betwe5 *ild & k--,me?od specially suitable = l>ge classes--,lab\r ( correction m9imis$--,*oice ( books--,"* ( ,p4,u4,s4 exam9ation--,*ildr5 reject wrong book--,great cause ( ,education v4 ,civilisation--,gr& elem5t>y pr9ciple ( pleasure--,only "o education common to all4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,a ,,lib]al ,,education ,,9 ,,second>y ,,s*ools #bej ,pelmanism1 an indictm5t--,monoton\s drudg]y ! /umbl+-block to education--,a 8play way0--,h&icrafts--,eurhy?mics--,en?usias m ( tea*]s amaz+--,education1 a passion--,joan & ,pet] types--,public ,s*ool m5 d ! "w ( ! _w--,b s*ools d n tea* :at a boy wants to "k--,muli% resi/ance--,ways ( m9d subtle & evasive--,! error ( 8n :at y "k t matt]s b h[ y le>n x0--,e s*ool mu/ educate e s*ol>--,:at is k8--,intellectual requirem5ts satisfi$ by bridge & golf--,att5tion acts )\t m>ks1 praise or blame--,b tra9+1 n education--,no faculties1 only m9d--,text-books make no appeal to m9d--,way ( ,natural ,sci5ce ?r\gh field "w illum9at$ by lit]ature--,m9d1 a crucible1 b no p[] to di/il ideas f sawdu/--,dr4 ,arnold--8,v v>i\s read+0--,m9d1 a deceiv] ev]--,class w occupy itself & accompli% no?+--,out] c\rt ( m9d--,inn] place :]e p]sonality dwells--,we 8g ov] x 9 our m9ds0--,att5tion mu/ n be all[$ a crut*--,%\ld be te/$ by ! read]--,k1 receiv$ ) att5tion1 fix$ by n>ration--,we h ceas$ to believe 9 m9d--,physical bra9 & spiritual m9d--,education mu/ g z a bolt to ! m9d--,tea*] n a bridge--,a key to humani/ic tea*+ 9 ,engli%--,a lib]al education1 measur$ by ! numb] ( sub/antives us$ ) fitness & simplicity--,! s*ool n m]ely a nurs]y = ! =mation ( "*--,k 9 common = ! 8masses0 & ! 8classes0--,all he>ts rise to a famili> allusion--,spee* ) ^? :o "k--,opposition1 natural res\rce ( ignorance--,a democratic education--,we %all cease to pres5t motives ( self-int]e/ & p]sonal advantage--,! classics 9 ,engli%--,old exclusive education mu/ broad5 its base & n>r[ its b\nds--,avoid ov]lapp+--,academic success & k n ! same ?+--,brilliant1 av]age & dull *ildr5 delight 9 k--,x unites ! h\sehold--,makes *ildr5 delightful companions--,a f9e s5se ( ?+s wor? kn[+ & liv+ =--,magnanimity1 prop] outcome ( education--,! s*oolboy's /]ile syllabus--,9 spite ( culture common among tea*]s--,a me?od :i* br+s promise ( relief f aphasia--,b>r5ness 9 ! writt5 essay--,oral composition1 a habit f six to eighte5--,me?od _c be work$ )\t a firm adh]5ce to pr9ciple--,o!rwise ! books a failure--,p>5ts mu/ provide necess>y books--,:i* mu/ take root 9 ! homes--,spell+ comes ) ! use ( books--,books & text-books--,! *oice ( books1 a "q ( division ( lab\r--,t]m9al exam9ations1 records ( p]man5t value--,bible tea*+ mu/ fur!r ! k ( ,god--,! law & ! prophets /ill int]pret]s--,hi/ory1 ! ri* pa/ure ( ! m9d--,amyot on hi/ory--,plut>*--,poets--,e age has its poetic aspect--,ga!r$ up by a ,%akespe>e--,a ,dante--,a _w possession--,an ess5ce ( hi/ory :i* is poetry--,an ess5ce ( sci5ce to be express$ 9 exquisite prose--,art--,draw+1 n a means ( self-expression--,languages--,possibilit y ( becom+ l+ui/s--,f9ally1 ano!r basis = education--,:i* mu/ be 9 t\* ) life--,we aim at secur+ ! vitality ( _m m9ds--,:i* %all make ,engl& great 9 art & 9 life--,great "* comes f great ?\ghts--,great ?\ghts f great ?9k]s--,?9k+1 n do+1 ! s\rce ( "*4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,! ,,scope ,,( ,,cont9uation ,,s*ools #bgi ,napoleonic ,w>s outcome ( ! wrong ?9k+ ( ignorance--,intellectual r5aissance foll[$--,to be sup]s$$ by ! utilit>ian motive--,cont9uation ,s*ool movem5t--,te*nical education--,! ,muni* ,s*ools--8,! utilit>ian !ory pr(\ndly immoral0--8,s]vice & self-direction0--,b food & "w n synonym\s t]ms--,! wide read+ ( great /atesm5--,duly ord]$ education means self-su/a9+ m9ds & bodies--,moral bankruptcy--,co-exi/5t ) utilit>ian education--,moral madness--,national insanity--,! bett] man does bett] "w--,g]man effici5cy--,we depreciate ourselves--,p's ,high ,s*ools ( ,d5m>k--8,a well ( heal+ 9 ! l&0--8,to bl5d all classes into "o0--,a pr(\ndly ,*ri/ian movem5t--,widely lib]al z t ( ! 8,angelic ,doctor0--,agricultural s*ools--,humani/ic tra9+ = bus9ess capacity--,a village %\ld (f] happy community life--,intellectual well-be+ makes = /ability--,an empty m9d seizes on any notion--,a hungry m9d1 responsible = lab\r unre/--,cont9uation ,s*ools %\ld n exi/ = te*nical in/ruction--,ev5+ h\rs /ill free = recreation--,eight h\rs a week = ?+s ( ! m9d--,n = op9ions--,le/ leisure bore & /rikes attract--,b = k--,n = due ex]cise b = food--,no education b self-education--,a great discov]y has be5 v\*saf$--,n a 8good idea0 or a 8good plan0--,b a natural law 9 action--,grundtvig saw impassible b>ri] ( no lit]>y backgr\nd--,b hope ( ,com5ius 8all k = all m50 is tak+ %ape--,9 ! case ( ?\s&s ( *ildr5--,ev5 dull & backw>d ones--,"u ! "r conditions--,k meet = ! p--,! ,p>5ts' ,union ,s*ool--,a common curriculum = all *ildr5 ( all classes--,te/ ( a lib]al education--,only "o education common to all--,no?+ c act b :]e x is--,national "w done by m5 br\ght up on ! 8humanities0--,feti% ( progress--,! /ill progress ( gr[?--,! 8humanities0 9 ,engli% alone1 br+ =? /ability & effici5cy--,a common gr\nd ( ?\ght has cohesive value--,k9dles light 9 ! eyes--,peace1 signalis$ by a new bond ( intellectual life--,dang] ( ignorance 9 action--,a hopeful sign--,demos p]ceives ! lack4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,! ,,basis ,,( ,,national ,,/r5g? ,a ,,lib]al ,,education ,,f ,a ,,national ,,/&po9t #cjj #a4 ,k3 ,failure ( attempt to educate av]age boy--,indu/rial unre/ (t5 reveals virtue b want ( k--,dang]\s t5d5cy--,! _s ( ! horde--,individual1 less important--8,c\nt5ance10 a manife/ation ( ?\ght1 dropp$ out ( use--,nev] 7 m devot$ tea*]s--,sub/itutes = k--,a mis*iev\s fallacy--,a *ild br\ght up = uses ( society--,joy 9 liv+ a *ief object ( education--,k is ! s\rce ( ,pleasure--,*ildr5 get k = _! own sakes--,assets )9 p[] ( all--,intellectual res\rces--,no dull h\rs--,k pass$ l light ( tor* f m9d to m9d--,k9dl$ at orig9al m9ds--,a s*ool judg$ by books us$--,indirect me?od ( tea*+--,p>ables ( ,*ri/--,n en\gh ev5 ( ! "r books--,*ildr51 be+s 8( l>ge disc\rse0--,al]tness comes ( h&l+ v>i\s subjects--,s*ol>%ip v4 k--,napoleon a great read]--,nations gr[ great ^u books--,que5 ,l\isa ( ,prussia--,kant--,fi*te--,! ,danes--,! ,japanese4 #b4 ,lett]s1 ,k & ,virtue3 ,classics take s mu* "t--,b ,univ]sity m51 our educational a*ievem5t--,lett]s1 ! cont5t ( ,k--,k1 n a /ore b a /ate--,culture beg9s ) ! k t ev]y?+ has be5 said & kn[n--,we h a loss to make good--,ri* & poor us$ to be famili> ) ! ,bible--,a well ( ,engli% undefil$--,& no long] rule z ^? :o s]ve--,recklessness due to ignorance--,s*ol>%ip1 an exquisite di/9ction--,b n ! be/ ?+--,erudition1 out ( c\nt--,! av]age boy--,ladies ( ! ,italian & ,fr5* ,r5aissance--,tudor wom5--8,inf9itely in=m$0--,a leakage some:]e--,democracy com+ 9 l a flood--,exam9ation te/s %\ld safegu>d ,lett]s--,:i* op5 life-long res\rces--,we ne$ a practical philosophy--,n to be arriv$ at by ,economics1 ,eug5ics--,b ga!r$ h>ve/s ( ,lett]s4 #c4 ,k1 ,reason & ,rebellion3 ,irresponsibility *>act]ises our g5]ation--,lett]$ ignorance foll[s speci\s argum5ts to logical conclusions--,reason apt to be accompani$ by ,rebellion--,reason _c take place ( ,k--,%akespe>e on reason--,! art ( liv+ is long--,bodies ( m5 act ) mom5tum :i* may be p>alys+ or propell+--,glori\s ?+ to p]ceive action ( m9d1 reason+ p[]--,greek tra9+ 9 use & p[] ( words--,great ?\ghts anticipate great works--,p1 conv]sant ) great ?\ghts--,k ( ,! ,way1 ! ,tru?1 ! ,life--,a region ( /]ility 9 intellectual life--,sci5ce ! preoccupation ( our age--,pr9ciple ( life goes ) fle% /ripp$ away--,hi/ory expires--,poetry1 n br\ght =?--,religion fa9ts--,sci5ce1 )\t wond]1 n spiritual--,eighte5? ,c5tury ,sci5ce 0 alive--,li/]--,pa/eur--,sci5ce1 z taught1 leaves u cold--,col]idge has reveal$ ! secret--,sci5ce waits its lit]ature--,we are all to blame--,man does n live by bread alone--,we are los+ our s5se ( spiritual values--,an indu/rial revolution--8,humbl] fran*ises0 won by ! loss ( 8spiritual ?+s0--,wordswor?--,trade ,unionism a tyranny1 c5turies ago--,pr$icts no triumph = ,syndicalism n[--,irresponsible ?\ght & spee*--,"q mu/ be rais$ to plane ( spiritual ?+s--,work+ man dem&s too little--,& ?+s t d n matt]--,= k1 ! basis ( a nation's /r5g?4 #d4 ,new & ,old ,conceptions ( ,k3 ,k1 undef9$ & undef9able--,k v4 facts--,engl& suff]+ f intellectual inanition--,m$ival conception ( k--,filos(ica della ,religione ,cattolica--,! ,adoration ( ! ,lamb--,prome!an ,fable--,k does n arrive casually--,is n self-g5]at$ 9 man--8,! tea*+ p[] ( ! ,_s ( ,god0--,unity ( purpose 9 ! education ( ! race--,k comes to ! man :o is ready--8,abt ,vogl]0--,all k is sacr$--,a great :ole--,m9d lives by k--,:i* mu/ n be limit$ by *oice--or "t--,k & 8le>n+0--,c\ntry ne$s p]sons ( "*--8,new0 educational sy/ems pres5t a gra9 ( k 9 a gallon ( dilu5t--,r\sseau's !ory--,joy 9 8sport0--,k plays no "p 9 ^!--8,get und]/&+10 our ne$--,fallaci\s argum5ts--,prejudice--,platitudes--,ins9 c]ity1 outcome ( ignorance--,mo/ tea*]s do+ excell5t "w--,new univ]sities full ( promise--,b ne$ = ! 8,sci5ce ( ,relations0--,& ! ,sci5ce ( ! proportion ( ?+s4 #e4 ,education & ! ,fulness ( ,life3 8,i mu/ live my life0--,:at %\ld ! life be8--,we are do+ some?+--,! book ( nature--,relations ) ,"m ,e>?--,sports--,h&icrafts--,art--,we all ?rive 9 ! well-be+ ( ea*--,! contribution ( our g5]ation to ! sci5ce ( education--,p]son to be br\ght up = 8 own uses--,b :at ( m9d8--,me*anical art ( read+1 n read+--,an unsuspect$ unwritt5 law conc]n+ 8mat]ial0 conv]t$ into k--,! ,logos--8,! words ( et]nal life0--,words1 m ?+s ?an ev5ts--,rhetoric a p[]--,motives convey$ by words--,am]ican negroes fell ^u books--,me*anical lab\r p]=m$ 9 solitude--,lab\r goes bett] because 8my m9d to me a k+dom is0--,br[n+ on m9d--8,h mynde0--,fai? has gr[n feeble1 ,hope fa9ts1 ,*>ity waxes /rong--,b social amelioration n en\gh--,! pleasant places ( ! m9d--,books1 8wat]$ d[n0--,*ri/ expos$ pr(\nde/ philosophy to ! multitude--,work+ m5 value k--,c deal ) x--,emotional di/urbances come f m9d hung]4 #f4 ,k 9 ,lit]>y ,=m3 ,m9d dem&s me?od--,no "o c live )\t a philosophy :i* po9ts out ! end ( ef=t--,a pat*work ( pr9ciples betrays u--,human nature has n fail$--,b education has fail$ u--,a new scale ( values--,we want m life--,engross+ int]e/s--,we want hope--,pleasure comes 9 ef=t1 n atta9m5t--,we want to be gov]n$--,a new />t--,o!r ways ( look+ at ?+s--,we are uneasy--,& yet almo/ anyone w risk 8 life--,spl5did magnanimity 9 ! ,w>--,we are n decad5t--,are ready = a life ( passionate devotion--,our dem&s met by ,words--,& by ! manife/ation ( a ,p]son--8,! %\t ( a ,k+0 among u--,b und]/&+1 prior to good works--,a consummate philosophy :i* meets e occasion--,! tea*+ ( ,*ri/--,o!r k 8dumb0 )\t ! fundam5tal k--,our late/ educational au?ority on imag9ation--,r\sseau--,our *ief bus9ess ! education ( ! succe$+ g5]ation--,! sl\gh ( mat]ialism--,*ildr5 mu/ h fre$om ( city ( m9d ev5 9 ord] to h&le ?+s--,imag9ation does n "w ^u a visual pres5tation--,dr4 ,arnold & m5tal pictures--8,selections0 to be avoid$--,dang]s ( ! flood-gates ( k--,erasmus--,rossetti--,fri$ri* ,p]!s--,publi%]s & _! educational mission--,dr4 ,arnold on read+--,a crucial mom5t--,john ,bull on ! results ( =ty ye>s' education--,engl& c be sav$--,k exalte? a nation--,mat!w ,arnold's monition4 ,,supplem5t>y ,,too ,,wide ,a ,,me% #cdc ,a lum9\s figure ( ,education--,b only #8univ]sal opportunity'--,no new ?+--,no univ]sal boon l air--,only = ! few :o *oose--,no reflection on ,public ,s*ools b on ! sy/em ( ! ,big ,me%--,! lett]s ( two ,public ,s*ool boys pa!tic b reassur+--,desire ( k1 inext+ui%able--,b limitations ( ! abs5ce ( education--,no cultivat$ s5se ( hum\r--,no s5se ( ! supreme delightfulness ( k--,con+sby--,tea*+ h[ to le>n1 a f>ce--,no av5ue to k b k itself4 ,,index #cdi ,! ,tru/ees h1 at ! reque/ ( ! ,publi%]s1 be5 oblig$ to r$uce ! orig9al volume4 ,two important sections on ! practical "w h be5 omitt$1--7,a7--,*ildr5's exam9ation answ]s &1 7,b7--,"s discussions ( ! me?od by ,educational ,au?orities & tea*]s4 ,a pamphlet w be issu$ f ! ,p4,n4,e4,u4 ,(fice1 #bf1 ,victoria ,/reet1 ,s4,w41 cov]+ section ,b4 ,sets ( *ildr5's answ]s 7,a7 c be se5 at ! ,p4,n4,e4,u4 ,(fice1 #bf1 ,victoria ,/reet1 ,s4,w4 ,=eword ,our =efa!rs tru/$ ( yore to ! rod & to co]cion = ! evok+ 9 *ildr5 ( a love ( le>n+4 ,= ! la/ fifty ye>s we h re/$ our hopes on ! en?usiasm ( ! tea*]s4 ,b t en?usiasm1 :5 n fictiti\s1 (t5 acts prejudicially by div]t+ ! *ild's love ( k & new ideas into admiration = 8 tea*]3 & :5 t fails1 z x frequ5tly does1 no?+ is left1 except extrane\s & baneful appeals to self-int]e/4 ,miss ,mason saw & 9 ?is volume has expla9$ t ! natural & only q :olesome way ( tea*+ is to let ! *ild's desire = k op]ate 9 ! s*oolboy & guide ! tea*]4 ,?is means t )\t =ego+ discipl9e1 nor cutt+ ourselves (f f tradition1 we mu/ cont9ue exp]im5ts already be+ />t$ 9 our elem5t>y s*ools4 ,^! are bas$ on ! *a/5+ fact t *ildr5 le>n be/ be=e we adults beg9 to tea* !m at all3 & h5ce t h[ev] uncong5ial ! task may be1 we mu/ con=m our tea*+ me?ods to ^? ( ,nature4 ,! attempt has (t5 be5 made be=e4 ,b 9 ?is volume !re is a r>e comb9ation ( intuitive insight & practical sagacity4 ,! au?or refus$ to believe t ! collapse ( ! desire = k betwe5 sev5 & sev5te5 ye>s ( age is inevitable4 ,s mu/ we4 ,,edw>d ,,lyttelton1 ,d4,d4 ,preface ,x w\ld seem a f> cry f ,und9e to a #8lib]al education' b !re is a po9t ( contact betwe5 ! two2 a s\l awoke )9 a wat]-sprite at ! t\* ( love2 s1 ,i h to tell ( ! awak5+ ( a #8g5]al s\l' at ! t\* ( k4 ,eight#a ye>s ago ! #8s\l' ( a class ( *ildr5 9 a m9+ village s*ool awoke simultane\sly at ?is magic t\* & has rema9$ awake4 ,we "k t religion c awak5 s\ls1 t love makes a new man1 t ! call ( a vocation may d x1 & 9 ! age ( ! ,r5aissance1 m5's s\ls1 ! g5]al s\l1 awoke to k3 b ?is appeal r>ely rea*es ! mod]n s\l2 &1 not)/&+ ! pleasantness att5d+ lessons & m>ks 9 all our s*ools1 ,i believe ! ard\r = k 9 ! *ildr5 ( ?is m9+ village is a ph5om5on t indicates new possibilities4 ,already _m ?\s&s ( ! *ildr5 ( ! ,empire _h exp]i5c$ ?is intellectual conv]sion1 b !y 7 ! *ildr5 ( educat$ p]sons4 ,to f9d t ! *ildr5 ( a m9+ population 7 equally responsive seem$ to op5 a new hope = ! _w4 ,x may be t ! s\ls ( all *ildr5 are wait+ = ! call ( k to awak5 !m to delightful liv+4 ,?is is h[ ! late ,mrs4 ,francis ,/e9?al1 :o 0 ! happy in/igator ( ! movem5t 9 ,c\ncil ,s*ools1 wrote1--8,?9k ( ! mean+ ( ?is 9 ! lives ( ! *ildr51--discipl9$ lives1 & no lawless /rikes1 ju/ice1 an end to class w>f>e1 develop$ intellects1 & no m>ket = tra%y & corrupt lit]ature6 ,we %all1 or r !y w1 live 9 a r$eem$ _w40 ,?is 0 writt5 9 a mom5t ( en?usiasm on he>+ t a c]ta9 ,c\nty ,c\ncil _h accept$ a s*eme ( "w = ?is pione] s*ool2 en?usiasm sees 9 advance ! fields :ite to ! h>ve/1 b inde$ ! ev5t is likely to ju/ify high expectations4 ,?\gh less ?an n9e ye>s h pass$ s9ce t pione] s*ool made ! bold attempt1 already _m ?\s&s ( *ildr5 work+ "u num]\s ,c\nty ,c\ncils are f9d+ t 8,/udies s]ve = delight40 ,no d\bt *ildr5 are well taught & happy 9 _! lessons z ?+s are1 & ?is 0 specially true ( ! s*ool 9 "q2 yet bo? tea*]s & *ildr5 f9d an immeasurable diff]5ce betwe5 ! casual int]e/ r\s$ by m>ks1 pleas+ oral lessons & o!r s*ool devices1 & ! sort ( /eady avidity = k t comes ) ! awak5$ s\l4 ,! *ildr5 h conv]t$ ! s*ool inspectors3 8,& ! ,engli%60 said "o ( ^! 9 a/oni%m5t z he li/5$ to _! long1 graphic1 dramatic n>rations ( :at !y _h he>d4 ,dur+ ! la/ ?irty ye>s we 7includ+ _m fell[ work]s7 h _h ?\s&s ( *ildr51 9 our s*oolrooms1 home & o!r1 work+ on ! l9es ( ,dean ,colet's pray] = ,/4 ,paul's ,s*ool1--8,pray = ! *ildr5 to prosp] 9 good life & good lit]ature20 probably all *ildr5 s taught gr[ up ) su* pr9ciples & pursuits z make = happy & useful citiz5%ip4 ,i %\ld l to add t we h no axe to gr9d4 ,! public good is our aim2 & ! me?ods propos$ are applicable 9 any s*ool4 ,my object 9 (f]+ ?is volume to ! public is to urge ^u all :o are conc]n$ ) education a few sali5t pr9ciples :i* are g5]ally ei!r unkn[n or disreg>d$2 & a few me?ods :i*1 l t ba?+ 9 ,jordan1 are too simple to comm5d !mselves to ! #8g5]al4' ,yet ^! pr9ciples & me?ods make education entirely effectual4 ,i %\ld l to add t no /atem5t t ,i h advanc$ 9 ! foll[+ volume re/s ^u op9ion only4 ,e po9t has be5 prov$ 9 ?\s&s ( in/ances1 & ! me?od may be se5 at "w 9 _m s*ools1 l>ge & small1 ,elem5t>y & ,second>y4 ,i h to beg ! pati5ce ( ! read] :o is ask$ to approa* ! "o t]m9us by v>i\s av5ues1 & ,i _c d s bett] ?an 9 ! words ( old ,full]3--8,good ,read]4 ,i suspect ,i may h writt5 "s ?+s twice2 if n 9 ! same words yet 9 s5se1 :i* ,i desire y to pass by fav\rably1 =asmu* z y may well ?9k1 x 0 difficult & a dull ?+ = me 9 s great a numb] ( indep5d5t s5t5ces to f9d out ! repetitions4444 ,besides ! pa9s1 su* a se>* w\ld co/ me m "t ?an ,i c af=d x2 = my glass ( life runn+ n[ l[1 ,i mu/ n suff] "o s& to fall 9 wa/e nor suff] "o m9ute 9 pick+ ( /raws4444 ,b to conclude ?is1 s9ce 9 matt]s ( advice1 ,precept mu/ be ^u ,precept1 ,l9e ^u ,l9e1 ,i apologise 9 ! words ( ,/4 ,paul1 #8,to write ! same ?+s to y to me inde$ is n griev\s1 b = y x is safe4'0 ,i am unwill+ to close :at is probably ! la/ preface ,i %all be call$ ^u to write )\t a v grateful recognition ( ! co-op]ation ( ^? fri5ds :o are work+ ) me 9 :at seems to u a great cause4 ,! ,p>5ts' ,national ,educational ,union has fulfill$ its mission1 z decl>$ 9 its fir/ prospectus1 nobly & g5]\sly4 8,! ,union exi/s = ! b5efit ( p>5ts & tea*]s ( all classes20 &1 = ! la/ eight#b ye>s x has und]tak5 ! lab\r & exp5se ( an en]getic propag&a on behalf ( ,elem5t>y ,s*ools1 ( :i* ab\t #aejc are n[ work+ on ! programmes ( ! ,p>5ts' ,union ,s*ool4 ,dur+ ! la/ ye> a pleas+ & hopeful developm5t has tak5 place "u ! auspices ( ! ,hon4 ,mrs4 ,frankl94 ,x 0 sugge/$ to ! ,head ( a ,london ,c\nty ,c\ncil ,s*ool to =m an association ( ! p>5ts ( ! *ildr5 9 t s*ool1 (f]+ !m c]ta9 advantages & requir+ a small paym5t to cov] exp5ses4 ,at ! fir/ meet+ "o ( ! fa!rs pres5t got up & said t he 0 greatly disappo9t$4 ,he _h expect$ to see "s ?ree hundr$ p>5ts & !re 7 only ab\t sixty pres5t6 ,! promot]s ( ! meet+ 71 h[ev]1 well pleas$ to see ! sixty1 mo/ ( :om became memb]s ( ! ,p>5ts' ,association1 & ! "w goes on ) _s4 ,we are deeply indebt$ to _m fell[-work]s1 b n ev5 t v c\rte\s g5tleman :o once wrote a lett] to ! ,romans c\ld make suitable ackn[l$gm5ts to all ( ^? to :om we owe ! success ( a movem5t ! rationale ( :i* ,i attempt to make cle> 9 ! foll[+ pages4 ,,*>lotte ,m4 ,,mason4 ,,h\se ,,( ,,education1 ,,ambleside4 #aibb4 ,a ,%ort ,synopsis ,,( ,,! ,,educational ,,philosophy ,,advanc$ ,,9 ,,?is ,,volume 8,no soon] do? ! tru? 444 come into ! s\l's sight1 b ! s\l kn[s h] to be h] fir/ & old acqua9tance40 8,! consequ5ce ( tru? is great2 !re=e ! judgm5t ( x mu/ n be neglig5t40 7,,:i*cote74 #a4 ,*ildr5 are born p]sons4 #b4 ,!y are n born ei!r good or bad1 b ) possibilities = good & = evil4 #c4 ,! pr9ciples ( au?ority on ! "o h&1 & ( ob$i5ce on ! o!r1 are natural1 necess>y & fundam5tal2 b-- #d4 ,^! pr9ciples are limit$ by ! respect due to ! p]sonality ( *ildr51 :i* mu/ n be encroa*$ ^u1 :e!r by ! direct use ( fe> or love1 sugge/ion or influ5ce1 or by undue play ^u any "o natural desire4 #e4 ,!re=e1 we are limit$ to ?ree educational in/rum5ts--! atmosph]e ( environm5t1 ! discipl9e ( habit1 & ! pres5tation ( liv+ ideas4 ,! ,p4,n4,e4,u4 ,motto is3 8,education is an atmosph]e1 a discipl9e1 & a life40 #f4 ,:5 we say t 8education is an atmosph]e10 we d n mean t a *ild %\ld be isolat$ 9 :at may be call$ a #8*ild-environm5t' especially adapt$ & prep>$1 b t we %\ld take into acc\nt ! educational value ( 8 natural home atmosph]e1 bo? z reg>ds p]sons & ?+s1 & %\ld let him live freely among 8 prop] conditions4 ,x /ultifies a *ild to br+ d[n 8 _w to ! #8*ild's' level4 #g4 ,by 8education is a discipl9e10 we mean ! discipl9e ( habits1 =m$ def9itely & ?\ghtfully1 :e!r habits ( m9d or body4 ,physiologi/s tell u ( ! adaptation ( bra9 /ructures to habitual l9es ( ?\ght1 i4e41 to our habits4 #h4 ,9 say+ t 8education is a life10 ! ne$ ( intellectual & moral z well z ( physical su/5ance is impli$4 ,! m9d fe$s on ideas1 & !re=e *ildr5 %\ld h a g5]\s curriculum4 #i4 ,we hold t ! *ild's m9d is no m]e sac to hold ideas2 b is r1 if ! figure may be all[$1 a spiritual organism1 ) an appetite = all k4 ,?is is its prop] diet1 ) :i* x is prep>$ to deal2 & :i* x c dige/ & assimilate z ! body does food-/uffs4 #aj4 ,su* a doctr9e z e4g4 ! ,h]b>tian1 t ! m9d is a receptacle1 lays ! /ress ( ,education 7! prep>ation ( k 9 entic+ morsels duly ord]$7 ^u ! tea*]4 ,*ildr5 taught on ?is pr9ciple are 9 dang] ( receiv+ mu* tea*+ ) little k2 & ! tea*]'s axiom is 8:at a *ild le>ns matt]s less ?an h[ he le>ns x40 #aa4 ,b we1 believ+ t ! normal *ild has p[]s ( m9d :i* fit him to deal ) all k prop] to him1 give him a full & g5]\s curriculum2 tak+ c>e only t all k (f]$ him is vital1 t is1 t facts are n pres5t$ )\t _! in=m+ ideas4 ,out ( ?is conception comes our pr9ciple t1-- #ab4 8,education is ! ,sci5ce ( ,relations02 t is1 t a *ild has natural relations ) a va/ numb] ( ?+s & ?\ghts3 s we tra9 him ^u physical ex]cises1 nature lore1 h&icrafts1 sci5ce & art1 & ^u _m liv+ books1 = we "k t our bus9ess is n to tea* him all ab\t any?+1 b to help him to make valid z _m z may be (-- 8,^? fir/-born aff9ities ,t fit our new exi/5ce to exi/+ ?+s40 #ac4 ,9 devis+ a ,,syllabus = a normal *ild1 ( :atev] social class1 ?ree po9ts mu/ be consid]$3-- 7a7 ,he requires mu* k1 = ! m9d ne$s suffici5t food z mu* z does ! body4 7b7 ,! k %\ld be v>i\s1 = sam5ess 9 m5tal diet does n create appetite 7i4e41 curiosity74 7c7 ,k %\ld be communicat$ 9 well-*os5 language1 because 8 att5tion responds naturally to :at is convey$ 9 lit]>y =m4 #ad4 ,z k is n assimilat$ until x is reproduc$1 *ildr5 %\ld #8tell back' aft] a s+le read+ or he>+3 or %\ld write on "s "p ( :at !y h read4 #ae4 ,a s+le read+ is insi/$ on1 because *ildr5 h naturally great p[] ( att5tion2 b ?is =ce is dissipat$ by ! re-read+ ( passages1 & also1 by que/ion+1 summ>is+1 & ! l4 ,act+ ^u ^! & "s o!r po9ts 9 ! behavi\r ( m9d1 we f9d t ! educability ( *ildr5 is enorm\sly great] ?an has hi!rto be5 suppos$1 & is b little dep5d5t on su* circum/ances z h]$ity & environm5t4 ,nor is ! accuracy ( ?is /atem5t limit$ to clev] *ildr5 or to *ildr5 ( ! educat$ classes3 ?\s&s ( *ildr5 9 ,elem5t>y ,s*ools respond freely to ?is me?od1 :i* is bas$ on ! behavi\r ( m9d4 #af4 ,!re are two guides to moral & intellectual self-managem5t to (f] to *ildr51 :i* we may call #8! way ( ! w' & #8! way ( ! reason4' #ag4 ,! way ( ! w3 ,*ildr5 %\ld be taught1 7a7 to di/+ui% betwe5 #8,i want' & #8,i w4' 7b7 ,t ! way to w effectively is to turn our ?\ghts f t :i* we desire b d n w4 7c7 ,t ! be/ way to turn our ?\ghts is to ?9k ( or d "s q diff]5t ?+1 ent]ta9+ or int]e/+4 7d7 ,t aft] a little re/ 9 ?is way1 ! w returns to its "w ) new vig\r4 7,?is adjunct ( ! w is famili> to u z div]sion1 ^: (fice x is to ease u = a "t f w ef=t1 t we may #8w' aga9 ) add$ p[]4 ,! use ( sugge/ion z an aid to ! w is to be deprecat$1 z t5d+ to /ultify & /]eotype "*4 ,x w\ld seem t spontaneity is a condition ( developm5t1 & t human nature ne$s ! discipl9e ( failure z well z ( success47 #ah4 ,! way ( reason3 ,we tea* *ildr51 too1 n to #8lean 7too confid5tly7 to _! own und]/&+'2 because ! function ( reason is to give logical demon/ration 7a7 ( ma!matical tru?1 7b7 ( an initial idea1 accept$ by ! w4 ,9 ! =m] case1 reason is1 practically1 an infallible guide1 b 9 ! latt]1 x is n always a safe "o2 =1 :e!r t idea be "r or wrong1 reason w confirm x by irrefragable pro(s4 #ai4 ,!re=e1 *ildr5 %\ld be taught1 z !y become mature en\gh to und]/& su* tea*+1 t ! *ief responsibility :i* re/s on !m z p]sons is ! acceptance or rejection ( ideas4 ,to help !m 9 ?is *oice we give !m pr9ciples ( conduct1 & a wide range ( ! k fitt$ to !m4 ,^! pr9ciples %\ld save *ildr5 f "s ( ! loose ?9k+ & he$less action :i* cause mo/ ( u to live at a l[] level ?an we ne$4 #bj4 ,we all[ no sep>ation to gr[ up betwe5 ! intellectual & #8spiritual' life ( *ildr51 b tea* !m t ! ,div9e ,_s has con/ant access to _! spirits1 & is _! cont9ual ,help] 9 all ! int]e/s1 duties & joys ( life4 ,introduction ,^! are anxi\s days = all :o are engag$ 9 education4 ,we rejoic$ 9 ! =titude1 val\r & devotion %[n by our m5 9 ! ,w> & recognize t ^! ?+s are due to ! ,s*ools z well z to ! fact t ,engl& /ill bre$s 8v valiant creatures40 ,x is good to "k t 8! :ole army 0 illu/ri\s40 ,! h]oism ( our (fic]s d]ives an add$ impulse f t t9cture ( #8lett]s' t e ,public s*oolboy gets1 & ^? 8play+ fields0 :]e boys acquire habits ( ob$i5ce & comm&4 ,b :at ab\t ! abysmal ignorance %[n 9 ! wrong ?9k+ ( _m ( ! m5 :o /ay$ at home8 ,are we to blame8 ,i suppose mo/ ( u feel t we are3 = ^! m5 are educat$ z we *oose to und]/& education1 t is1 !y c read & write1 ?9k p]v]sely1 & foll[ an argum5t1 ?\gh !y are unable to detect a fallacy4 ,if we ask 9 p]plexity1 :y d s _m m5 & wom5 seem incapable ( g5]\s impulse1 ( reason$ patriotism1 ( see+ beyond ! circle ( _! own int]e/s1 is n ! answ]1 t m5 are enabl$ = su* ?+s by education8 ,^! are ! m>ks ( educat$ p]sons2 & :5 millions ( m5 :o %\ld be ! backbone ( ! c\ntry seem to be dead to public claims1 we h to ask1--,:y !n are n ^! p]sons educat$1 & :at h we giv5 !m 9 lieu ( education8 ,our errors 9 education1 s f> z we h err$1 turn ^u ! conception we =m ( #8m9d1' & ! !ory :i* has filt]$ ?r\gh to mo/ tea*]s implies ! out-(-date notion ( ! developm5t ( #8faculties1' a notion :i* itself re/s on ! axiom t ?\ght is no m ?an a function ( ! bra94 ,"h we f9d ! sole ju/ification ( ! scanty curricula provid$ 9 mo/ ( our s*ools1 = ! tortu\s processes ( our tea*+1 = ! mis*iev\s ass]tion t 8x does n matt] :at a *ild le>ns b only h[ he le>ns x40 ,if we tea* mu* & *ildr5 le>n little we com=t ourselves ) ! idea t we are #8develop+' ?is or ! o!r #8faculty4' ,a great future lies be=e ! nation :i* %all p]ceive t k is ! sole conc]n ( education prop]1 z di/+ui%$ f tra9+1 & t k is ! necess>y daily food ( ! m9d4 ,tea*]s are look+ out = ! support ( a s\nd !ory1 & su* a !ory mu/ recognize ) conviction ! "p m9d plays 9 education & ! conditions "u :i* ?is prime ag5t acts4 ,we want a philosophy ( education :i*1 admitt+ t ?\ght alone appeals to m9d1 t ?\ght begets ?\ght1 %all relegate to _! prop] subsidi>y places all ^? s5sory & muscul> activities :i* are suppos$ to af=d intellectual z well z physical tra9+4 ,! latt] is s important 9 & = itself t x ne$s n to be bol/]$ up by ! notion t x includes ! :ole1 or ! practically important "p1 ( education4 ,! same rem>k holds good ( vocational tra9+4 ,our j\rnals ask ) scorn1--8,is !re no education b :at is got out ( books at s*ool8 ,is n ! lad :o works 9 ! fields gett+ education80 & ! public lacks ! c\rage to say def9itely1 8,no1 he is n10 because !re is no cle> notion curr5t z to :at education means1 & h[ x is to be di/+ui%$ f vocational tra9+4 ,b ! p !mselves beg9 to und]/& & to clam\r = an education :i* %all qualify _! *ildr5 = life r ?an = e>n+ a liv+4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 x is ! man :o has read & ?\ght on _m subjects :o is1 ) ! necess>y tra9+1 ! mo/ capable :e!r 9 h&l+ tools1 draw+ plans1 or keep+ books4 ,! m ( a p]son we succe$ 9 mak+ a *ild1 ! bett] w he bo? fulfil 8 own life & s]ve society4 ,mu* ?\ghtful c>e has be5 sp5t 9 asc]ta9+ ! causes ( ! ,g]man breakd[n 9 "* & conduct2 ! w> sc\rge 0 symptomatic & ! symptoms h be5 duly trac$ to _! cause 9 ! ?\ghts ! p h be5 taught to ?9k dur+ ?ree or f\r g5]ations4 ,we h he>d mu* ab\t ,nietzs*e1 ,treits*ke1 ,b]nh>di & ! re/2 b ,pr(essor ,muirhead did u good s]vice 9 c>ry+ ! inve/igation fur!r back4 ,d>w9's !ories ( natural selection1 ! survival ( ! fitte/1 ! /ruggle = exi/5ce1 /ruck root 9 ,g]many 9 fitt+ soil2 & ! ideas ( ! sup]man1 ! sup] /ate1 ! "r ( might--to repudiate treaties1 to elim9ate feebl] p[]s1 to recognize no law b exp$i5cy--all ?is appe>s to come z naturally out ( ,d>w9ism z a *ick5 comes out ( an egg4 ,no d\bt ! same dicta h /ruck u 9 ! ,comm5t>ies ( ,fr$]ick ! ,great2 8!y %all take :o h ! p[]1 & !y %all keep :o c10 is ages old] ?an ,d>w91 b possibly ?is is :at our ,engli% philosoph] did = ,g]many3--,!re is a t5d5cy 9 human nature to elect ! obligations ( natural law 9 pref]5ce to ^? ( spiritual law2 to take its code ( e?ics f sci5ce1 &1 foll[+ ?is t5d5cy1 ! ,g]mans f\nd 9 _! read+ ( ,d>w9 sanction = manife/ations ( brutality4 ,"h are a few examples ( h[ ,g]man philosoph]s amplify ! ,d>w9ian text3--8,9 matt] dwell all natural & spiritual pot5cies4 ,matt] is ! f\ndation ( all be+40 8,:at we call _s1 ?\ght1 ! faculty ( k1 consi/s ( natural ?\gh peculi>ly comb9$ =ces40 ,d>w9 himself prote/s aga9/ ! /ruggle = exi/5ce be+ ! mo/ pot5t ag5cy :]e ! high] "p ( man's nature is conc]n$1 & he no m ?\ght ( giv+ a mat]iali/ic t5d5cy to mod]n education ?an ,locke ?\ght ( tea*+ pr9ciples :i* %\ld br+ ab\t ! ,fr5* ,revolution2 b m5's ?\ghts are m pot5t ?an !y "k1 & ^! two ,engli%m5 may be cr$it$ ) influ5c+ p[]fully two _w-wide movem5ts4 ,9 ,g]many1 8prep>$ by a qu>t] ( a c5tury ( mat]iali/ic ?\ght10 ! tea*+ ( ,d>w9 0 accept$ z (f]+ emancipation f v>i\s moral re/ra9ts4 ,ern/ ,haeckel1 8 di/+ui%$ foll[]1 f9ds 9 ! law ( natural selection sanction = ,g]many's lawless action1 & also1 t pregnant doctr9e ( ! sup]man4 8,?is pr9ciple ( selection is no?+ less ?an democratic2 on ! contr>y x is ari/ocratic 9 ! /ricte/ s5se ( ! ^w40 ,we "k h[ ,b*n]1 aga91 simplifi$ & popul>is$ ^! new !ories1--8,all ! faculties :i* we include "u ! "n ( psy*ical activities are only functions ( ! bra9 sub/ance4 ,?\ght /&s 9 ! same relation to ! bra9 z ! gall to ! liv]40 ,:at use1 or misuse1 ,g]many has made ( ! tea*+ ( ,d>w9 w\ld n 7save = ! ,w>7 be ( imm$iate conc]n to u1 7 x n t %e has giv5 u back our own 9 ! =m ( t 8my?ology ( faculty psy*ology0 :i* is all we possess 9 ! way ( educational ?\ght4 ,engli% psy*ology prop] has advanc$ if n to firm gr\nd1 at any rate to ! po9t ( repudiat+ ! #8faculty' basis4 8,h[ev] mu* assail$1 ! concept ( a #8m9d' is10 we are told1 8to be f\nd 9 all psy*ological writ]s40#d ,b !re are b m9d & matt]1 & :5 we are told aga9 t 8psy*ology re/s on feel+10 :]e are we8 ,is !re a middle region8 ,,ii ,we fail to recognize t z ! body requires :olesome food & _c n\ri% itself ^u any sub/ance s ! m9d too requires meat aft] its k9d4 ,if ! ,w> taught no?+ else x taught u t m5 are spirits1 t ! _s1 m9d1 ( a man is m ?an 8 fle%1 t 8 _s is ! man1 t = ! ?\ghts ( 8 he>t he gives ! brea? ( 8 body4 ,z a consequ5ce ( ?is recognition ( our spiritual nature1 ! lesson = u at ! mom5t is t ! great ?\ghts1 great ev5ts1 great consid]ations1 :i* =m ! backgr\nd ( our national ?\ght1 %all be ! cont5t ( ! education we pass on4 ,! educational ?\ght we he> mo/ ab\t is1 z ,i h said1 bas$ on sundry ,d>w9ian axioms out ( :i* we get ! notion t no?+ matt]s b physical fitness & vocational tra9+4 ,h[ev] important ^! are1 !y are n ! *ief ?+4 ,a c5tury ago :5 ,prussia 0 %ipwreck$ 9 ! ,napoleonic w>s x 0 discov]$ t n ,napoleon b ,ignorance 0 ! =midable national enemy2 a few philosoph]s took ! matt] 9 h&1 & hi/ory1 poetry1 philosophy1 prov$ ! salvation ( a ru9$ nation1 because su* /udies make = ! developm5t ( p]sonality1 public _s1 initiative1 ! qualities ( :i* ! ,/ate 0 9 ne$1 & :i* mo/ advance individual happ9ess & success4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! p]iod :5 ,g]many made h] s*ool curriculum utilit>ian m>ks ! beg9n+ ( h] moral d[nfall4 ,hi/ory repeats itself4 ,!re are int]e/+ rum\rs afloat ( h[ ! /ud5ts at ,bonn1 = example1 w5t 9 solemn procession to make a bonfire ( ,fr5* novels1 c]ta9 pr9ts1 articles ( luxury & ! l2 ?+s l ^! _h br\ght ab\t ! ru9 ( ,g]many & x 0 ! "p ( ! y\? to save h] n[ z be=e4 ,are !y to h ano!r ,tug5dbund8 ,we want an education :i* %all n\ri% ! m9d :ile n neglect+ ei!r physical or vocational tra9+2 9 %ort1 we want a work+ philosophy ( education4 ,i ?9k t we ( ! ,p4,n4,e4,u4 h arriv$ at su* a body ( !ory1 te/$ & correct$ by "s ?irty ye>s ( successful practice ) ?\s&s ( *ildr54 ,?is !ory has already be5 set =? 9 volumes#e publi%$ at int]vals dur+ ! la/ ?irty-five ye>s2 s ,i %all indicate "h only a few sali5t po9ts :i* seem to me to diff] f g5]al !ory & practice1-- 7a7 ,! *ildr51 n ! tea*]s1 are ! responsible p]sons2 !y d ! "w by self-ef=t4 7b7 ,! tea*]s give sympa?y & occasionally elucidate1 sum up or enl>ge1 b ! actual "w is done by ! s*ol>s4 7c7 ,^! read 9 a t]m "o1 or two1 or ?ree ?\s& pages1 accord+ to _! age1 s*ool & ,=m1 9 a l>ge numb] ( set books4 ,! quantity set = ea* lesson all[s ( only a s+le read+2 b ! read+ is te/$ by n>ration1 or by writ+ on a te/ passage4 ,:5 ! t]m9al exam9ation is at h& s mu* gr\nd has be5 cov]$ t revision is out ( ! "q2 :at ! *ildr5 h read !y "k1 & write on any "p ( x ) ease & flu5cy1 9 vigor\s ,engli%2 !y usually spell well4 ,mu* is said f "t to "t to %[ t #8m]e book-le>n+' is r contemptible1 & t 8,?+s are 9 ! saddle & ride mank9d40 ,may ,i po9t out t :atev] discr$it is due to ! use ( books does n apply to ?is me?od1 :i* s f> z ,i c discov] has n hi!rto be5 employ$4 ,has an attempt be5 made be=e on a wide scale to secure t s*ol>s %\ld "k _! books1 _m pages 9 _m books1 at a s+le read+1 9 su* a way t mon?s lat] !y c write freely & accurately on any "p ( ! t]m's read+8 7d7 ,!re is no selection ( /udies1 or ( passages or ( episodes1 on ! gr\nd ( int]e/4 ,! be/ available book is *os5 & is read ?r\gh p]haps 9 ! c\rse ( two or ?ree ye>s4 7e7 ,! *ildr5 /udy _m books on _m subjects1 b exhibit no confusion ( ?\ght1 & #8h[l]s' are almo/ unkn[n4 7f7 ,!y f9d t1 9 ,bacon's phrase1 8,/udies s]ve = delight02 ?is delight be+ n 9 ! lessons or ! p]sonality ( ! tea*]1 b purely 9 _! #8lovely books1' #8glori\s books4' 7g7 ,! books us$ are1 :5ev] possible1 lit]>y 9 /yle4 7h7 ,m>ks1 prizes1 places1 rew>ds1 puni%m5ts1 praise1 blame1 or o!r inducem5ts are n necess>y to secure att5tion1 :i* is volunt>y1 imm$iate & surpris+ly p]fect4 7i7 ,! success ( ! s*ol>s 9 :at may be call$ discipl9>y subjects1 su* z ,ma!matics & ,gramm>1 dep5ds l>gely on ! p[] ( ! tea*]1 ?\gh ! pupils' habit ( att5tion is ( use 9 ^! too4 7j7 ,no /ray lessons are giv5 on int]e/+ subjects2 ! k ! *ildr5 get is consecutive4 ,! unusual int]e/ *ildr5 %[ 9 _! "w1 _! p[] ( conc5tration1 _! wide1 & z f> z x goes1 accurate k ( hi/orical1 lit]>y & "s sci5tific subjects1 has *all5g$ att5tion & ! g5]al conclusion is t ^! are ! *ildr5 ( educat$ & cultivat$ p>5ts4 ,x 0 va9 to urge t ! home s*oolroom does n usually produce rem>kable educational results2 b ! way is op5+ to prove t ! p[] ^! *ildr5 %[ is common to all *ildr52 at la/ !re is hope t ! (fspr+ ( work+-class p>5ts may be l$ into ! wide pa/ures ( a lib]al education4 ,are we n ju/ifi$ 9 conclud+ t s+ul> effects mu/ h comm5surate causes1 & t we h *anc$ to light on unkn[n tracts 9 ! region ( educational ?\ght4 ,at any rate t ,,gold5 ,,rule ( :i* ,com5ius 0 9 se>* has discov]$ itself1 ! ,rule1--8,,:]eby ,,tea*]s ,,%all ,,tea* ,,less ,,& ,,s*ol>s ,,%all ,,le>n ,,m40 ,let me n[ outl9e a few ( ! educational pr9ciples :i* acc\nt = unusual results4 ,,iii ,,pr9ciples ,,hi!rto ,,unrecogniz$ ,,or ,,disreg>d$ ,i h enum]at$ "s ( ! po9ts 9 :i* our "w is exceptional 9 ! hope ( conv9c+ ! read] t unusual "w c>ri$ on successfully 9 hundr$s ( s*oolrooms--home & o!r--is bas$ on pr9ciples hi!rto unrecogniz$4 ,! recognition ( ^! pr9ciples %\ld put our national education on an intellig5t basis & %\ld make = g5]al /ability1 joy 9 liv+1 & p]sonal initiative4 ,may ,i add "o or two m argum5ts 9 support ( my plea1-- ,! appeal is n to ! clev] *ild only1 b to ! av]age & ev5 to ! #8backw>d' *ild4 ,?is s*eme is c>ri$ out 9 less "t ?an ord9>y s*ool "w on ! same subjects4 ,!re are no revisions1 no ev5+ lessons1 no cramm+ or #8gett+ up' ( subjects2 !re=e !re is mu* "t :e!r = vocational "w or int]e/s or hobbies4 ,all intellectual "w is done 9 ! h\rs ( morn+ s*ool1 & ! aft]noons are giv5 to field nature /udies1 draw+1 h&icrafts1 etc4 ,not)/&+ ^! limitations ! *ildr5 produce a surpris+ am\nt ( good intellectual "w4 ,no home-"w is requir$4 ,x is n t #8we' 7( ! ,p4,n4,e4,u47 are p]sons ( peculi> g5ius2 x is t1 l ,paley's man :o f\nd ! wat*1 8we h *anc$ on a good ?+40 8,no ga9 ,t ,i exp]i5ce mu/ rema9 un%>$40 ,we feel t ! c\ntry & inde$ ! _w %\ld h ! b5efit ( educational discov]ies :i* act p[]fully z a moral lev]1 = we are exp]i5c+ anew ! joy ( ! ,r5aissance1 b )\t its pagan lawlessness4 ,let me trace z f> z ,i c recall !m ! /eps by :i* ,i arriv$ at "s ( ! conclusions ^u :i* we are act+4 ,:ile /ill a "y woman ,i saw a great deal ( a family ( ,anglo-,indian *ildr5 :o _h come #8home' to _! gr&fa!r's h\se & 7 be+ br\ght up by an aunt :o 0 my intimate fri5d4 ,! *ildr5 7 a/oni%+ to me2 !y 7 p]sons ( g5]\s impulses & s\nd judgm5t1 ( great intellectual aptitude1 ( imag9ation & moral insight4 ,^! la/ two po9ts 71 ,i recollect1 illu/rat$ "o day by a little maid5 ( five :o came home f h] walk sil5t & sad2 "s lett+ alone1 & "s wise op5+s br\ght out at la/ betwe5 sobs1--8a poor man--no home--no?+ to eat--no b$ to lie ^u10--& !n ! *ild 0 reliev$ by te>s4 ,su* incid5ts are common en\gh 9 families1 b !y 7 new to me4 ,i 0 read+ a good deal ( philosophy & #8,education' at ! "t = ,i ?\ght ) ! en?usiasm ( a "y tea*] t ,education %\ld reg5]ate ! _w4 ,i _h an ,elem5t>y ,s*ool & a pione] ,*ur* ,high ,s*ool at ?is same "t s t ,i 0 enabl$ to /udy *ildr5 9 l>ge gr\ps2 b at s*ool *ildr5 are n s self-reveal+ z at home4 ,i began "u ! guidance ( ^! ,anglo-,indian *ildr5 to take ! measure ( a p]son & soon to suspect t *ildr5 are m ?an we1 _! eld]s1 except t _! ignorance is illimitable4 ,"o limitation ,i did discov] 9 ! m9ds ( ^! little p2 my fri5d insi/$ t !y c\ld n und]/& ,engli% ,gramm>2 ,i ma9ta9$ t !y c\ld & wrote a little ,gramm> 7/ill wait+ to be prep>$ = publication67 = ! two ( sev5 & eight2 b %e 0 "r2 ,i 0 all[$ to give ! lessons myself ) :at lucidity & fre%ness ,i c\ld comm&2 9 va92 ! ,nom9ative #8,case' baffl$ !m2 _! m9ds reject$ ! ab/ract conception j z *ildr5 reject ! notion ( writ+ an 8,essay on ,happ9ess40 ,b ,i 0 beg9n+ to make discov]ies2 ! second be+1 t ! m9d ( a *ild takes or rejects accord+ to its ne$s4 ,f ?is po9t x 0 n difficult to g on to ! p]ception t1 :e!r 9 tak+ or reject+1 ! m9d 0 function+ = its own n\ri%m5t2 t ! m9d1 9 fact1 requires su/5ance z does ! body1 9 ord] t x increase & be /rong2 b because ! m9d is n to be measur$ or weigh$ b is spiritual1 s its su/5ance mu/ be spiritual too1 mu/1 9 fact1 be ideas 79 ! ,platonic s5se ( images74 ,i soon p]ceiv$ t *ildr5 7 well equipp$ to deal ) ideas1 & t explanations1 que/ion+s1 amplifications1 are unnecess>y & we>isome4 ,*ildr5 h a natural appetite = k :i* is in=m$ ) ?\ght4 ,!y br+ imag9ation1 judgm5t1 & ! v>i\s s-call$ #8faculties1' to be> ^u a new idea pretty mu* z ! ga/ric juices act ^u a food ration4 ,?is 0 illum9at+ b r />tl+2 ! :ole intellectual app>atus ( ! tea*]1 8 p[] ( vivid pres5tation1 apt illu/ration1 able summ+ up1 subtle que/ion+1 all ^! 7 h9drances & int]v5$ betwe5 *ildr5 & ! "r nutrim5t duly s]v$2 ?is1 on ! o!r h&1 !y receiv$ ) ! sort ( avidity & simplicity ) :i* a heal?y *ild eats 8 d9n]4 ,! ,scotti% s*ool ( philosoph]s came to my aid "h ) :at may be call$ _! doctr9e ( ! desires1 :i*1 ,i p]ceiv$1 /imulate ! action ( m9d & s cat] = spiritual 7n necess>ily religi\s7 su/5ance z ! appetites d = t ( ! body & = ! cont9uance ( ! race4 ,?is 0 helpful2 ,i inf]r$ t "o ( ^!1 ! ,desire ( ,k 7,curiosity7 0 ! *ief in/rum5t ( education2 t ?is desire might be p>alys$ or made p[]less l an unus$ limb by enc\rag+ o!r desires to int]v5e betwe5 a *ild & ! k prop] = him2 ! desire = place1--emulation2 = prizes1--av>ice2 = p[]1--ambition2 = praise1--vanity1 might ea* be a /umbl+ block to him4 ,x seem$ to me t we tea*]s _h unconsci\sly elaborat$ a sy/em :i* %\ld secure ! discipl9e ( ! s*ools & ! eag]ness ( ! s*ol>s1--by means ( m>ks1 prizes1 & ! l1--& yet elim9ate t k-hung]1 itself ! q suffici5t inc5tive to education4 ,!n arose ! "q1--,_c p get on ) little k8 ,is x really necess>y aft] all8 ,my *ild-fri5ds suppli$ ! answ]3 _! insatiable curiosity %ew$ me t ! wide _w & its hi/ory 0 b>ely en\gh to satisfy a *ild :o _h n be5 made apa!tic by spiritual malnutrition4 ,:at1 !n1 is k8--0 ! next "q t occurr$2 a "q :i* ! intellectual lab\r ( ages has n settl$2 b p]haps ?is is en\gh to g on )2--t only becomes k to a p]son :i* he has assimilat$1 :i* 8 m9d has act$ ^u4 ,*ildr5's aptitude = k & _! eag]ness = x made = ! conclusion t ! field ( a *ild's k may n be artificially re/rict$1 t he has a "r to & necessity = z mu* & z v>i$ k z he is able to receive2 & t ! limitations 9 8 curriculum %\ld dep5d only ^u ! age at :i* he mu/ leave s*ool2 9 a ^w1 a common curriculum 7up to ! age ( say1 f\rte5 or fifte57 appe>s to be due to all *ildr54 ,we h left beh9d ! feudal notion t intellect is a class pr]ogative1 t intellig5ce is a matt] ( inh]itance & environm5t2 inh]itance1 no d\bt1 means mu* b ev]yone has a v mix$ inh]itance2 environm5t makes = satisfaction or uneas9ess1 b education is ( ! _s & is n to be tak5 9 by ! eye or effect$ by ! h&2 m9d appeals to m9d & ?\ght begets ?\ght & t is h[ we become educat$4 ,= ?is reason we owe x to e *ild to put him 9 communication ) great m9ds t he may get at great ?\ghts2 ) ! m9ds1 t is1 ( ^? :o h left u great works2 & ! only vital me?od ( education appe>s to be t *ildr5 %\ld read wor?y books1 _m wor?y books4 ,x w be said on ! "o h& t _m s*ools h _! own libr>ies or ! s*ol>s h ! free use ( a public libr>y & t *ildr5 d read2 & on ! o!r t ! lit]>y language ( fir/-rate books (f]s an impassable b>ri] to work+-m5's *ildr54 ,9 ! fir/ place we all "k t desultory read+ is delightful & incid5tally pr(itable b is n education ^: conc]n is k4 ,t is1 ! m9d ( ! desultory read] only r>ely makes ! act ( appropriation :i* is necess>y be=e ! matt] we read becomes p]sonal k4 ,we mu/ read 9 ord] to "k or we d n "k by read+4 ,z = ! "q ( lit]>y =m1 _m circum/ances & consid]ations :i* x w\ld take too long to describe br\ght me to p]ceive t delight 9 lit]>y =m is native to u all until we are #8educat$' out ( x4 ,x is difficult to expla9 h[ ,i came to a solution ( a puzzl+ problem1--h[ to secure att5tion4 ,mu* obs]vation ( *ildr51 v>i\s incid5ts f "o's g5]al read+1 ! recollection ( my own *ildhood & ! consid]ation ( my pres5t habits ( m9d br\ght me to ! recognition ( c]ta9 laws ( ! m9d1 by work+ 9 accordance ) :i* ! /eady att5tion ( *ildr5 ( any age & any class 9 society is insur$1 week 91 week out1--att5tion1 n affect$ by di/ract+ circum/ances4 ,x is n a matt] ( #8p]sonal magnetism1' = hundr$s ( tea*]s ( v v>y+ quality1 work+ 9 home s*oolrooms & 9 ,elem5t>y & ,second>y ,s*ools on ?is me?od1#f secure x )\t ef=t2 nei!r does x re/ ^u ! #8doctr9e ( int]e/'2 no d\bt ! s*ol>s are int]e/$1 sometimes delight$2 b !y are int]e/$ 9 a great v>iety ( matt]s & _! att5tion does n flag 9 ! #8dull p>ts4' ,x is n easy to sum up 9 a few %ort s5t5ces ^? pr9ciples ^u :i* ! m9d naturally acts & :i* ,i h tri$ to br+ to be> ^u a s*ool curriculum4 ,! fundam5tal idea is1 t *ildr5 are p]sons & are !re=e mov$ by ! same spr+s ( conduct z _! eld]s4 ,among ^! is ! ,desire ( ,k1 k-hung] be+ natural to ev]ybody4 ,hi/ory1 ,geography1 ! ?\ghts ( o!r p1 r\ghly1 ! humanities1 are prop] = u all1 & are ! objects ( ! natural desire ( k4 ,s too1 are ,sci5ce1 = we all live 9 ! _w2 & ,art1 = we all require beauty1 & are eag] to "k h[ to discrim9ate2 social sci5ce1 ,e?ics1 = we are aw>e ( ! ne$ to le>n ab\t ! conduct ( life2 & ,religion1 =1 l ^? m5 we he>d ( at ! ,front1 we all #8want ,god4' ,9 ! nature ( ?+s !n ! unspok5 dem& ( *ildr5 is = a wide & v v>i$ curriculum2 x is necess>y t !y %\ld h "s k ( ! wide range ( int]e/s prop] to !m z human be+s1 & = no reasons ( conv5i5ce or "t limitations may we curtail _! prop] curriculum4 ,p]ceiv+ ! range ( k to :i* *ildr5 z p]sons are entitl$ ! que/ions are1 h[ %all !y be induc$ to take t k1 & :at c ! *ildr5 ( ! p le>n 9 ! %ort "t !y are at s*ool8 ,we h discov]$ a work+ answ] to ^! two conundrums4 ,i say discov]$1 & n inv5t$1 = !re is only "o way ( le>n+1 & ! intellig5t p]sons :o c talk well on _m subjects & ! exp]t 9 "o le>n 9 ! "o way1 t is1 !y read to "k4 ,:at ,i h f\nd out is1 t ?is me?od is available = e *ild1 :e!r 9 ! dilatory & desultory home s*oolroom or 9 ! l>ge classes ( ,elem5t>y ,s*ools4 ,*ildr5 no m come into ! _w )\t provision = deal+ ) k ?an )\t provision = deal+ ) food4 ,!y br+ ) !m n only t intellectual appetite1 ! desire ( k1 b also an enorm\s1 an unlimit$ p[] ( att5tion to :i* ! p[] ( ret5tion 7memory7 seems to be atta*$1 z "o dige/ive process succe$s ano!r1 until ! f9al assimilation4 8,yes10 x w be said1 8!y are capable ( mu* curiosity & consequ5t att5tion b !y c only occasionally be beguil$ into att5d+ to _! lessons40 ,is n t ! fault ( ! lessons1 & mu/ n ^! be regulat$ z c>efully ) reg>d to ! behavi\r ( m9d z ! *ildr5's meals are ) reg>d to physical consid]ations8 ,let u consid] ?is behavi\r 9 a few aspects4 ,! m9d conc]ns itself only ) ?\ghts1 imag9ations1 reason$ argum5ts2 x decl9es to assimilate ! facts unless 9 comb9ation ) its prop] pabulum2 x1 be+ active1 is we>i$ 9 ! passive attitude ( a li/5]1 x is z mu* bor$ 9 ! case ( a *ild by ! discursive twaddle ( ! talk+ tea*] z 9 t ( a gr[n-up by conv]sational twaddle2 x has a natural pref]5ce = lit]>y =m2 giv5 a m or less lit]>y pres5tation1 ! curiosity ( ! m9d is enorm\s & embraces a va/ v>iety ( subjects4 ,i pr$icate ^! ?+s ( #8! m9d' because !y seem true ( all p]sons' m9ds4 ,hav+ obs]v$ ^!1 & "s o!r po9ts 9 ! behavi\r ( m9d1 x rema9$ to apply ! conclusions to :i* ,i _h come to a te/ curriculum = s*ools & families4 ,oral tea*+ 0 to a great ext5t rul$ out2 a l>ge numb] ( books on _m subjects 7 set = read+ 9 morn+ s*ool-h\rs2 s mu* "w 0 set t !re 0 only "t = a s+le read+2 all read+ 0 te/$ by a n>ration ( ! :ole or a giv5 passage1 :e!r orally or 9 writ+4 ,*ildr5 work+ on ^! l9es "k mon?s aft] t :i* !y h read & are rem>kable = _! p[] ( conc5tration 7att5tion72 !y h little tr\ble ) spell+ or composition & become well-in=m$1 intellig5t p]sons4#g ,b1 x w be said1 read+ or he>+ v>i\s books read1 *apt] by *apt]1 & !n n>rat+ or writ+ :at has be5 read or "s "p ( x1--all ?is is m]e memory "w4 ,! value ( ?is criticism may be readily te/$2 w ! critic read be=e turn+ (f 8 light a lead+ article f a newspap]1 say1 or a *apt] f ,boswell or ,jane ,au/51 or "o ( ,lamb's ,essays2 !n1 w he put himself to sleep by n>rat+ sil5tly :at he has read4 ,he w n be satisfi$ ) ! result b he w f9d t 9 ! act ( n>rat+ e p[] ( 8 m9d comes into play1 t po9ts & be>+s :i* he _h n obs]v$ are br\ght out2 t ! :ole is visualiz$ & br\ght into relief 9 an extraord9>y way2 9 fact1 t sc5e or argum5t has become a "p ( 8 p]sonal exp]i5ce2 he kn[s1 he has assimilat$ :at he has read4 ,?is is n memory "w4 ,9 ord] to memorise1 we repeat ov] & ov] a passage or a s]ies ( po9ts or names ) ! aid ( su* clues z we c inv5t2 we d memorise a /r+ ( facts or words1 & ! new possession s]ves its purpose = a "t1 b x is n assimilat$2 its purpose be+ s]v$1 we "k x no m4 ,?is is memory "w by means ( :i* exam9ations are pass$ ) cr$it4 ,i w n try to expla9 7or und]/&67 ?is p[] to memorise2 x has its subsidi>y use 9 education1 no d\bt1 b x mu/ n be put 9 ! place ( ! prime ag5t :i* is att5tion4 ,long ago1 ,i 0 9 ! habit ( he>+ ?is axiom quot$ by a philosophical old fri5d3--8,! m9d c "k no?+ save :at x c produce 9 ! =m ( an answ] to a "q put to ! m9d by itself40 ,i h fail$ to trace ! say+ to its s\rce1 b a conviction ( its importance has be5 gr[+ ^u me dur+ ! la/ =ty ye>s4 ,x tacitly prohibits que/ion+ f )\t2 7?is does n1 ( c\rse1 affect ! ,socratic use ( que/ion+ = purposes ( moral conviction72 & x is necess>y to intellectual c]ta9ty1 to ! act ( kn[+4 ,= example1 to secure a conv]sation or an incid5t1 we #8g ov] x 9 our m9ds'2 t is1 ! m9d puts itself ?r\gh ! process ( self-que/ion+ :i* ,i h indicat$4 ,?is is :at happ5s 9 ! n>rat+ ( a passage read3 ea* new consecutive incid5t or /atem5t arrives because ! m9d asks itself1--8,:at next80 ,= ?is reason x is important t only "o read+ %\ld be all[$2 ef=ts to memorise weak5 ! p[] ( att5tion1 ! prop] activity ( ! m9d2 if x is desirable to ask que/ions 9 ord] to emphasize c]ta9 po9ts1 ^! %\ld be ask$ aft] & n be=e1 or dur+1 ! act ( n>ration4 ,our m advanc$ psy*ologi/s come to our support "h2 !y1 too1 pr$icate 8in/ead ( a cot]ie ( faculties1 a s+le subjective activity1 att5tion20 & aga91 !re is 8"o common factor 9 all psy*ical activity1 t is att5tion40#h ,my p]sonal addition is t att5tion is unfail+1 prompt & /eady :5 matt] is pres5t$ suitable to a *ild's intellectual requirem5ts1 if ! pres5tation be made ) ! concis5ess1 directness1 & simplicity prop] to lit]ature4 ,ano!r po9t %\ld be borne 9 m9d2 ! intellect requires a moral impulse1 & we all /ir our m9ds into action ! bett] if !re is an impli$ #8mu/' 9 ! backgr\nd2 = *ildr5 9 class ! #8mu/' acts ?r\gh ! c]ta9ty t !y w be requir$ to n>rate or write f :at !y h read ) no opportunity ( #8look+ up1' or o!r devices ( ! idle4 ,*ildr5 f9d ! act ( n>rat+ s pleasurable 9 itself t urg5cy on ! "p ( ! tea*] is seldom necess>y4 ,"h is a complete *a9 ( ! educational philosophy ,i h endeav\r$ to "w out1 :i* has1 at lea/1 ! m]it t x is successful 9 practice4 ,"s few h9ts ,i h1 z ,i h said1 adopt$ & appli$1 b ,i hope ,i h succe$$ 9 me?odis+ ! :ole & mak+ education :at x %\ld be1 a sy/em ( appli$ philosophy2 ,i h1 h[ev]1 c>efully ab/a9$ f ! use ( philosophical t]ms4 ,?is is1 briefly1 h[ x works3-- ,a *ild is a p]son ) ! spiritual requirem5ts & capabilities ( a p]son4 ,k #8n\ri%es' ! m9d z food n\ri%es ! body4 ,a *ild requires k z mu* z he requires food4 ,he is furni%$ ) ! desire = ,k1 i4e41 ,curiosity2 ) ! p[] to appreh5d ,k1 t is1 att5tion2 ) p[]s ( m9d to deal ) ,k )\t aid f )\t--su* z imag9ation1 reflection1 judgm5t2 ) innate int]e/ 9 all ,k t he ne$s z a human be+2 ) p[] to reta9 & communicate su* ,k2 & to assimilate all t is necess>y to him4 ,he requires t 9 mo/ cases ,k be communicat$ to him 9 lit]>y =m2 & reproduces su* ,k t\*$ by 8 own p]sonality2 ?us 8 reproduction becomes orig9al4 ,! natural provision = ! appropriation & assimilation ( ,k is adequate & no /imulus is requir$2 b "s moral control is necess>y to secure ! act ( att5tion2 a *ild receives ?is 9 ! c]ta9ty t he w be requir$ to rec\nt :at he has read4 ,*ildr5 h a "r to ! be/ we possess2 !re=e _! lesson books %\ld be1 z f> z possible1 our be/ books4 ,!y we>y ( talk1 & que/ions bore !m1 s t !y %\ld be all[$ to use _! books = !mselves2 !y w ask = su* help z !y wi% =4 ,!y require a great v>iety ( k1--ab\t religion1 ! humanities1 sci5ce1 art2 !re=e1 !y %\ld h a wide curriculum1 ) a def9ite am\nt ( read+ set = ea* %ort p]iod ( /udy4 ,! tea*] af=ds direction1 sympa?y 9 /udies1 a vivify+ ^w "h & !re1 help 9 ! mak+ ( exp]im5ts1 etc41 z well z ! usual tea*+ 9 languages1 exp]im5tal sci5ce & ma!matics4 ,pursu$ "u ^! conditions1 8,/udies s]ve = delight10 & ! consci\sness ( daily progress is exhil>at+ to bo? tea*] & *ildr54 ,! read] w say ) tru?1--8,i knew all ?is be=e & h always act$ m or less on ^! pr9ciples02 & ,i c only po9t to ! unusual results we obta9 ?r\gh adh]+ n #8m or less1' b /rictly to ! pr9ciples & practices ,i h indicat$4 ,i suppose ! difficulties are ( ! sort t ,li/] _h to cont5d )2 e surgeon knew t 8 in/rum5ts & appurt5ances %\ld be kept clean1 b ! sav+ ( millions ( lives has result$ f ! adoption ( ! great surgeon's antiseptic treatm5t2 t is f ! sub/itution ( exact pr9ciples scrupul\sly appli$ = ! r casual #8m or less' me?ods ( e>li] days4 ,:e!r ! way ,i h sket*$ out is ! "r & ! only way rema9s to be te/$ /ill m widely ?an 9 ! ?\s&s ( cases 9 :i* x has be5 successful2 b assur$ly education is slack & unc]ta9 = ! lack ( s\nd pr9ciples exactly appli$4 ,! mom5t has come = a decision2 we h plac$ our fai? 9 #8civilisation1' h be5 pr\d ( our progress2 &1 ( ! pangs t ! ,w> has br\ght u1 p]haps none is ke5] ?an t caus$ by ! utt] breakd[n ( ! civilisation :i* we h held to be synonym\s ) education4 ,we "k bett] n[1 & are ?r[n back on our heal?y human in/9cts & ! ,div9e sanctions4 ,! educable "p ( a p]son is 8 m9d4 ,! tra9+ ( ! s5ses & muscles is1 /rictly speak+1 tra9+ & n education4 ,! m9d1 l ! body1 requires quantity1 v>iety & regul>ity 9 ! su/5ance (f]$ to x4 ,l ! body1 ! m9d has its appetite1 ! desire = k4 ,aga91 l ! body1 ! m9d is able to receive & assimilate by its p[]s ( att5tion & reflection4 ,l ! body1 aga91 ! m9d rejects insipid1 dry1 & unsav\ry food1 t is to say1 its pabulum %\ld be pres5t$ 9 a lit]>y =m4 ,! m9d is re/rict$ to pabulum ( "o k9d3 x is n\ri%$ ^u ideas & absorbs facts only z ^! are connect$ ) ! liv+ ideas ^u :i* !y hang4 ,*ildr5 educat$ ^u "s su* l9es z ^! respond 9 a surpris+ way1 develop+ capacity1 "*1 c\nt5ance1 initiative & a s5se ( responsibility4 ,!y are1 9 fact1 ev5 z *ildr51 good & ?\ghtful citiz5s4 ,i h 9 ?is volume attempt$ to %[ ! pr9ciples & me?ods ^u :i* education ( ?is sort is be+ successfully c>ri$ out1 & h add$ *apt]s :i* illu/rate ! hi/ory ( a movem5t ! aim ( :i* is1 9 ! phrase ( ,com5ius1--8,all k = all m540 ,z well z ^! ,i h be5 p]mitt$ to use ! criticisms#i ( v>i\s tea*]s & ,directors ( education & o!rs ^u ! practical work+ ( ! s*eme4 ,x is a matt] ( rejoic+ t ! way is op5 to give to all classes a basis ( common ?\ght & common k1 includ+ a common /ore ( lit]>y & hi/oric allusions1 a possession :i* has a curi\s p[] ( cem5t+ bodies ( m51 &1 9 ! next place1 x is an enorm\s ga9 t we are )9 sight ( giv+ to ! work+-classes1 not)/&+ _! limit$ opportunities1 t /ability ( m9d & magnanimity ( "* :i* are ! prop] outcome & ! unfail+ te/ ( ,a ,,lib]al ,,education4 ,i %all conf9e myself 9 ?is volume to ! amplification & illu/ration ( "s ( ! po9ts ,i h endeav\r$ to make 9 ?is introductory /atem5t4 ,book ,i ,,*apt] ,i ,,self-,,education ,! title ( ?is *apt] may awak5 "s undes]v$ sympa?y2 gratify+ visions ( rhy?mic movem5ts1 indep5d5t action1 self-expression 9 v>i\s int]e/+ ways1 occur to ! m9d--= surely ^! ?+s con/itute #8self-education'8 ,mo/ ( ^! mod]n panacea are desirable & by no means to be neglect$2 limbs tra9$ to grace & agility1 a h&1 to dext]ity & precision1 an eye made to see & an e> to he>1 a voice taught to int]pret1--we "k to-day t all ^! possibilities ( joy 9 liv+ %\ld be op5 to e *ild1 & we look =w>d ev5 too hopefully to ! mann] ( citiz5 :o %all be ! outcome ( our educational zeal4 ,n[1 al?\gh we1 ( ! ,p>5ts' ,union1 h initiat$ "s ( ^! educational outworks & h gladly & gratefully adopt$ o!rs1 yet is our po9t ( view diff]5t2 we are pr(\ndly sceptical z to ! effect ( all or any ( ^! activities ^u "* & conduct4 ,a p]son is n built up f )\t b f )91 t is1 he is liv+1 & all ext]nal educational appliances & activities :i* are int5d$ to m\ld 8 "* are decorative & n vital4 ,?is s\nds l a /ale truism2 b1 let u consid] a few coroll>ies ( ! notion t #8a *ild is a p]son1' & t a p]son is1 prim>ily1 liv+4 ,n[ no ext]nal application is capable ( n\ri%+ life or promot+ gr[?2 ba?s ( w9e1 wrapp+s ( velvet h no effect ^u physical life except z !y may h9d] x2 life is su/a9$ on t :i* is tak5 9 by ! organism1 n by t :i* is appli$ f )\t4 ,p]haps ! only all[able analogy ) ! human m9d is ! animal body1 especially ! human body1 = x is t :i* we "k mo/ ab\t2 ! well-worn plant & g>d5 analogy is mislead+1 especially z reg>ds t tiresome busybody1 ! g>d5]1 :o w direct ! incl9ation ( e twig1 ! position ( e leaf2 b1 ev5 !n ap>t f ! g>d5]1 ! *ild-g>d5 is an intol]able idea z fail+ to recognize ! ess5tial prop]ty ( a *ild1 8 p]sonality1 a prop]ty all b abs5t 9 a plant4 ,n[1 let u consid] = a mom5t ! p>allel behavi\r ( body & m9d4 ,! body lives by air1 gr[s on food1 dem&s re/1 fl\ri%es on a diet wisely v>i\s4 ,s1 ( ! m9d1--7by :i* ,i mean ! entire spiritual nature1 all t :i* is n body71--x brea!s 9 air1 calls = bo? activity & re/ & fl\ri%es on a wisely v>i$ diet>y4 ,we g r\nd ! h\se & r\nd ! h\se1 b r>ely g into ! ,h\se ( ,m9d2 we (f] m5tal gymna/ics1 b ^! d n take ! place ( food1 & ( t we s]ve ! mo/ meagre rations1 no m ?an t bean a day6 ,diet = ! body is abundantly consid]$1 b no "o pauses to say1 8,i wond] does ! m9d ne$ food1 too1 & regul> meals1 & :at is its prop] diet80 ,i h ask$ myself ?is "q & h lab\r$ = fifty ye>s to f9d ! answ]1 & am anxi\s to imp>t :at ,i ?9k ,i "k1 b ! answ] _c be giv5 9 ! =m ( #8,d' ?is & t1 b r z an invitation to #8,consid]' ?is & t2 action foll[s :5 we h ?\ght duly4 ,! life ( ! m9d is su/a9$ ^u ideas2 !re is no intellectual vitality 9 ! m9d to :i* ideas are n pres5t$ sev]al times1 say1 e day4 ,b #8surely1 surely1' z #8,mrs4 ,pr\die' w\ld say1 sci5tific exp]im5ts1 natural beauty1 nature /udy1 rhy?mic movem5ts1 s5sory ex]cises1 are all f]tile 9 ideas8 ,q commonly1 !y are s1 z reg>ds ideas ( inv5tion & discov]y2 & ev5 9 ideas ( art2 b = ! mom5t x may be well to consid] ! ideas t influ5ce life1 t is1 "* & conduct2 ^!1 x w\ld seem1 pass directly f m9d to m9d1 & are nei!r help$ nor h9d]$ by educational outworks4 ,e *ild gets _m ( ^! ideas by ^w ( m\?1 by way ( family traditions1 prov]bial philosophy1--9 fact1 by :at we might call a k9d ( oral lit]ature4 ,b1 :5 we comp>e ! m9d ) ! body1 we p]ceive t ?ree #8squ>e' meals a day are g5]ally necess>y to heal?1 & t a casual diet ( ideas is poor & meagre4 ,our s*ools turn out a good _m clev] "y p]sons1 want+ 9 no?+ b initiative1 ! p[] ( reflection & ! sort ( moral imag9ation :i* enables y to #8put y\rself 9 8 place4' ,^! qualities fl\ri% ^u a prop] diet2 & ?is is n af=d$ by ! ord9>y s*ool book1 or1 9 suffici5t quantity by ! ord9>y lesson4 ,i %\ld l to emphasize quantity1 :i* is z important = ! m9d z = ! body2 bo? require _! #8squ>e meals4' ,x is no easy matt] to give its prop] su/5ance to ! m9d2 h>d ?+s are said ( *ildr51 t !y h #8no bra9s1' #8a l[ ord] ( intellect1' & s on2 b _m ( u are able to v\* = ! f9e intellig5ce %ewn by *ildr5 :o are f$ ) ! prop] m9d-/uff2 b tea*]s d n usually take ! tr\ble to f9d out :at ?is is4 ,we come dang]\sly ne> to :at ,plato condemns z 8t lie ( ! s\l10 t corruption ( ! highe/ tru?1 ( :i* ,protagoras is guilty 9 ! say+ t1 8,k is s5sation40 ,:at else are we say+ :5 we run aft] educational me?ods :i* are purely s5sory8 ,k is n s5sation1 nor is x to be d]iv$ ?r\gh s5sation2 we fe$ ^u ! ?\ghts ( o!r m9ds2 & ?\ght appli$ to ?\ght g5]ates ?\ght & we become m ?\ghtful4 ,no "o ne$ invite u to reason1 comp>e1 imag9e2 ! m9d1 l ! body1 dige/s its prop] food1 & x mu/ h ! lab\r ( dige/ion or x ceases to function4 ,b ! *ildr5 ask = bread & we give !m a /one2 we give in=mation ab\t objects & ev5ts :i* m9d does n attempt to dige/ b ca/s out bodily 7^u an exam9ation pap]874 ,b let in=mation hang ^u a pr9ciple1 be inspir$ by an idea1 & x is tak5 ) avidity & us$ 9 mak+ :atsoev] 9 ! spiritual nature /&s = tissue 9 ! physical4 8,education10 said ,"l ,haldane1 "s "t ago1 8is a matt] ( ! _s10--no wis] ^w has be5 said on ! subject1 & yet we p]si/ 9 apply+ education f )\t z a bodily activity or emolli5t4 ,we beg9 to see light4 ,no "o kn[e? ! ?+s ( a man b ! _s ( a man :i* is 9 him2 !re=e1 !re is no education b self-education1 & z soon z a "y *ild beg9s 8 education he does s z a /ud5t4 ,our bus9ess is to give him m9d-/uff1 & bo? quality & quantity are ess5tial4 ,naturally1 ea* ( u possesses ?is m9d-/uff only 9 limit$ measure1 b we "k :]e to procure x2 = ! be/ ?\ght ! _w possesses is /or$ 9 books2 we mu/ op5 books to *ildr51 ! be/ books2 our own conc]n is abundant provision & ord]ly s]v+4 ,i am jeal\s = ! *ildr52 e mod]n educational movem5t t5ds to belittle !m intellectually2 & none m s ?an a late +5i\s attempt to fe$ normal *ildr5 ) ! pap-meat :i* may 787 be good = ! m5tally sick3 b1 8,to all wildly popul> ?+s comes sudd5ly & inexorably dea?1 )\t hope ( resurrection40 ,if ,mr4 ,b]n>d ,%aw is "r1 ,i ne$ n discuss a c]ta9 popul> =m ( #8,new ,education4' ,x has be5 ably said t education %\ld pr(it by ! divorce :i* is n[ 9 progress f psy*ology on ! "o h& & sociology on ! o!r2 b :at if education %\ld use h] recov]$ lib]ty to make a mon/r\s alliance ) pa?ology8 ,v>i\s consid]ations urge ^u me a r di/a/eful task4 ,x is "t ,i %[$ my h& & gave "s acc\nt ( "w1 ! pr9ciples & practices ( :i* %\ld1 ,i ?9k1 be ( g5]al use4 ,l ^? lep]s :o fea/$ at ! gates ( a fami%$ city1 ,i beg9 to take %ame to myself6 ,i h attempt$ to unfold 79 v>i\s volumes#aj7 a sy/em ( educational !ory :i* seems to me able to meet any rational dem&1 ev5 t sev]e/ crit]ion set up by ,plato2 x is able to 8run ! gauntlet ( objections1 & is ready to disprove !m1 n by appeals to op9ion1 b to absolute tru?40 ,"s ( x is new1 mu* ( x is old4 ,l ! quality ( m]cy1 x is n /ra9$2 c]ta9ly x is twice bless$1 x blesses him t gives & him t takes1 & a sort ( radiancy ( look di/+ui%es bo? s*ol> & tea*] engag$ 9 ?is mann] ( education2 b !re are no />tl+ results to *all5ge att5tion4 ,pr(essor ,bompas ,smi? rem>k$ 9 an inaugural address at ! ,univ]sity ( ,man*e/] t1--8,if we c guide our practice by ! light ( a compreh5sive !ory we %all wid5 our exp]i5ce by attempt+ tasks :i* w\ld n o!rwise h occurr$ to u40 ,x is possible to (f] ! light ( su* a compreh5sive !ory1 & ! result is precisely :at ! ,pr(essor indicates1--a l>ge numb] ( tea*]s attempt tasks :i* w\ld n o!rwise h occurr$ to !m4 ,"o discov]s a ?+ because x is !re1 & no sane p]son takes cr$it to himself = su* discov]y4 ,on ! contr>y1 he recognizes ) ,k+ ,ar?ur1--8,^! jewels1 :]eupon ,i *anc$ ,div9ely1 are = public use40 ,= _m ye>s we h _h access to a sort ( ,aladd9's cave :i* ,i long to ?r[ op5 #8= public use4' ,let me try to indicate "s ( ! advantages ( ! !ory ,i am urg+3--,x fits all ages1 ev5 ! sev5 ages ( man6 ,x satisfies brilliant *ildr5 & discov]s intellig5ce 9 ! dull4 ,x secures att5tion1 int]e/1 conc5tration1 )\t ef=t on ! "p ( tea*] or taught4 ,*ildr51 ,i ?9k1 all *ildr51 s taught express !mselves 9 =cible & flu5t ,engli% & use a copi\s vocabul>y4 ,an unusual degree ( n]v\s /ability is atta9$2 also1 intellectual occupation seems to make = *a/ity 9 ?\ght & life4 ,p>5ts become int]e/$ 9 ! s*oolroom "w1 & f9d _! *ildr5 #8delightful companions4' ,*ildr5 %ew delight 9 books 7o!r ?an /ory books7 & manife/ a g5u9e love ( k4 ,tea*]s are reliev$ f mu* ( ! lab\r ( corrections4 ,*ildr5 taught accord+ to ?is me?od d exceptionally well at any s*ool4 ,x is unnecess>y to /imulate ^! "y s*ol>s by m>ks1 prizes1 etc4 ,aft] all1 x is n a quack m$ic9e ,i am writ+ ab\t1 ?\gh ! read] might ?9k s1 & !re is no #as4 #a;d4 a bottle 9 "q6 ,ov] ?irty ye>s ago ,i publi%$ a volume ab\t ! home education ( *ildr5 & p wrote ask+ h[ ^? c\nsels ( p]fection c\ld be c>ri$ out ) ! aid ( ! private gov]ness z %e !n exi/$2 x occurr$ to me t a s]ies ( curricula might be devis$ embody+ s\nd pr9ciples & secur+ t *ildr5 %\ld be 9 a position ( less dep5d5ce on _! tea*] ?an !y !n 72 9 o!r words1 t _! education %\ld be l>gely self-education4 ,a sort ( correspond5ce s*ool 0 set up1 ! motto ( :i*1--8,i am1 ,i c1 ,i ought1 ,i w10 has _h mu* effect 9 ?r[+ *ildr5 ^u ! possibilities1 capabilities1 duties & det]m9+ p[] belong+ to !m z p]sons4 8,*ildr5 are born p]sons10 is ! fir/ article ( ! educational cr$o 9 "q4 ,! response made by *ildr5 7rang+ 9 age f six to eighte57 a/oni%$ me2 ?\gh !y only %ew$ ! p[] ( att5tion1 ! avidity = k1 ! cle>ness ( ?\ght1 ! nice discrim9ation 9 books1 & ! ability to deal ) _m subjects1 = :i* ,i _h giv5 !m cr$it 9 advance4 ,i ne$ n repeat :at ,i h urg$ else:]e on ! subject ( #8,k' & w only add t anyone may apply a te/2 let him read to a *ild ( any age f six to t5 an acc\nt ( an incid5t1 graphically & t]sely told1 & ! *ild w relate :at he has he>d po9t by po9t1 ?\gh n ^w = ^w1 & w add delightful orig9al t\*es2 :at is m1 he w relate ! passage mon?s lat] because he has visualis$ ! sc5e & appropriat$ t bit ( k4 ,a rhetorical passage1 writt5 9 #8j\rnalese1' makes no impression on him2 if a passage be read m ?an once1 he may become lett]-p]fect1 b ! _s1 ! individuality has gone out ( ! ex]cise4 ,an old] boy or girl w read "o ( ,bacon's ,essays1 say1 or a passage f ,de ,qu9cey1 & w write or tell x =cibly & ) "s /yle1 ei!r at ! mom5t or mon?s lat]4 ,we "k h[ ,fox recit$ a :ole pamphlet ( ,burke's at a ,college supp] ?\gh he _h probably read x no m ?an once4 ,"h on ! v surface is ! key to t att5tion1 int]e/1 lit]>y /yle1 wide vocabul>y1 love ( books & read9ess 9 speak+1 :i* we all feel %\ld belong to an education t is only begun at s*ool & cont9u$ ?r\gh\t life2 ^! are ! ?+s t we all desire1 & h[ to obta9 !m is "s "p ( ! op5 secret ,i am lab\r+ to disclose #8= public use4' ,i am anxi\s to br+ a q successful educational exp]im5t be=e ! public at a mom5t :5 we are told on au?ority t 8,education mu/ be 444 an appeal to ! _s if x is to be made int]e/+40 ,"h is ,education :i* is z int]e/+ & fasc9at+ z a f9e art to p>5ts1 *ildr5 & tea*]s4 ,dur+ ! la/ ?irty ye>s ?\s&s ( *ildr5 educat$ on ^! l9es h gr[n up 9 love ) ,k & manife/+ a #8"r judgm5t 9 all ?+s' s f> z a pretty wide curriculum gives !m data4 ,i w\ld h *ildr5 taught to read be=e !y le>n ! me*anical arts ( read+ & writ+2 & !y le>n delightfully2 !y give p]fect att5tion to p>agraph or page read to !m & are able to relate ! matt] po9t by po9t1 9 _! own words2 b !y dem& classical ,engli% & _c le>n to read 9 ?is s5se ^u any?+ less4 ,!y beg9 _! #8s*ool+' 9 #8lett]s' at six1 & beg9 at ! same "t to le>n me*anical read+ & writ+4 ,a *ild does n lose by sp5d+ a c\ple ( ye>s 9 acquir+ ^! because he is mean:ile #8read+' ! ,bible1 hi/ory1 geography1 tales1 ) close att5tion & a rem>kable p[] ( reproduction1 or r1 ( translation into 8 own language2 he is acquir+ a copi\s vocabul>y & ! habit ( consecutive spee*4 ,9 a ^w1 he is an educat$ *ild f ! fir/1 & 8 p[] ( deal+ ) books1 ) sev]al books 9 ! c\rse ( a morn+'s #8s*ool1' increases ) 8 age4 ,b *ildr5 are n all alike2 !re is z mu* diff]5ce betwe5 !m z betwe5 m5 or wom52 two or ?ree mon?s ago1 a small boy1 n q six1 came to s*ool 7by po/72 & 8 record 0 t he c\ld read any?+ 9 five languages1 & 0 n[ tea*+ himself ! ,greek *>act]s1 c\ld f9d 8 way ab\t ! ,cont95tal ,brad%aw1 & 0 a *ubby1 vigor\s little p]son4 ,all ?is ! boy br+s ) him :5 he comes to s*ool2 he is exceptional1 ( c\rse1 j z a man ) su* accompli%m5ts is exceptional2 b ,i believe t all *ildr5 br+ ) !m mu* capacity :i* is n recogniz$ by _! tea*]s1 *iefly intellectual capacity1 7always 9 advance ( motor p[]71 :i* we are apt to dr[n 9 deluges ( explanation1 or dissipate 9 futile lab\rs 9 :i* !re is no advance4 ,p are naturally divid$ into ^? :o read & ?9k & ^? :o d n read or ?9k2 & ! bus9ess ( s*ools is to see t all _! s*ol>s %all belong to ! =m] class2 x is wor? :ile to rememb] t ?9k+ is insep>able f read+ :i* is conc]n$ ) ! cont5t ( a passage & n m]ely ) ! pr9t$ matt]4 ,! *ildr5 ,i am speak+ ( are mu* occupi$ ) ?+s z well z ) books1 because #8,education is ! ,sci5ce ( ,relations1' is ! pr9ciple :i* regulates _! curriculum2 t is1 a *ild goes to s*ool ) _m aptitudes :i* he %\ld put into effect4 ,s1 he le>ns a good deal ( sci5ce1 because *ildr5 h no difficulty 9 und]/&+ pr9ciples1 ?\gh te*nical details baffle !m4 ,he practises v>i\s h&icrafts t he may "k ! feel ( wood1 clay1 lea!r1 & ! joy ( h&l+ tools1 t is1 t he may e/abli% a due relation ) mat]ials4 ,b1 always1 x is ! book1 ! k1 ! clay1 ! bird or blossom1 he ?9ks (1 n 8 own place or 8 own progress4 ,i am afraid t "s k ( ! !ory we advance is necess>y to ! op5-m9d$ tea*] :o w\ld give our practices a trial1 because e detail ( s*oolroom "w is ! outcome ( c]ta9 pr9ciples4 ,= in/ance x w\ld be q easy )\t mu* ?\ght to exp]im5t ) our use ( books2 b 9 education1 z 9 religion1 x is ! motive t c\nts1 & ! boy :o reads 8 lesson = a #8good m>k' becomes ^w-p]fect1 b does n "k4 ,b ^! pr9ciples are obvi\s & simple en\gh1 &1 :5 we consid] t at pres5t education is *aotic = want ( a unify+ !ory1 & t !re happ5s to be no o!r compreh5sive !ory 9 ! field :i* is 9 l9e ) mod]n ?\ght & fits e occasion1 might x n be well to try "o :i* is imm$iately practicable & always pleasant & has prov$ itself by produc+ _m capable1 s]viceable1 dutiful m5 & wom5 ( s\nd judgm5t & will+ m9d8 ,9 urg+ a me?od ( self-education = *ildr5 9 lieu ( ! vic>i\s education :i* prevails1 ,i %\ld l to dwell on ! enorm\s relief to tea*]s1 a self-sacrific+ & greatly ov]burd5$ class2 ! diff]5ce is j t betwe5 driv+ a horse t is light & a horse t is heavy 9 h&2 ! =m] cov]s ! gr\nd ( 8 own gay w & ! driv] goes m]rily4 ,! tea*] :o all[s 8 s*ol>s ! fre$om ( ! city ( books is at lib]ty to be _! guide1 philosoph] & fri5d2 & is no long] ! m]e in/rum5t ( =cible intellectual fe$+4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,*ildr5 ,,are ,,born ,,p]sons #a4--,,! ,,m9d ,,( ,a ,,*ild 8,no soon] do? ! tru? 444 come into ! s\l's sight1 b ! s\l kn[s h] to be h] fir/ & old acqua9tance40 8,! consequ5ce ( tru? is great1 !re=e ! judgm5t ( x mu/ n be neglig5t40 ,x %\ld n surprise ! read] t a *apt]1 design$ to set =? a />tl+ tru?1 %\ld op5 ) ! weighty words ( an old ,div9e 7,:i*cote74 ,b tru?s get flat & wond]s /ale ^u u4 ,we d n c>e mu* ab\t ! />ry firmam5t1 ! budd+ trees1 ! cunn+ ar*itecture ( ! birds2 & to all except "y p>5ts & "y bro!rs & si/]s a baby is no long] a m>vel4 ,! complet5ess ( ! new baby bro!r is :at *ildr5 admire mo/1 8 toes & 8 f+]s1 8 e>s & all ! small p]fections ( him4 ,8 gu>dians h "s und]/&+ ( ! baby2 !y "k t 8 *ief bus9ess is to gr[ & !y fe$ him ) food conv5i5t = him4 ,if !y are wise !y give free play to all ! wriggl+s & /ret*+s :i* give p[] to 8 feeble muscles4 ,8 p>5ts "k :at he w come to1 & feel t "h is a new *ance = ! _w4 ,9 ! meantime1 he ne$s food1 sleep & %elt] & a great deal ( love4 ,s mu* we all "k4 ,b is ! baby m ?an a #8huge oy/]'8 ,t is ! problem be=e u & hi!rto educators h be5 incl9$ to answ] x 9 ! negative4 ,_! notion is t by means ( a pull "h1 a pu% !re1 a compression else:]e a p]son is at la/ turn$ out accord+ to ! patt]n ! educator has 9 8 m9d4 ,! o!r view is t ! beautiful infant frame is b ! sett+ ( a jewel ( su* a/oni%+ wor? t1 put ! :ole _w 9 "o scale & ?is jewel 9 ! o!r1 & ! scale :i* holds ! _w flies up outbalanc$4 ,a poet looks back on ! glimm]+ haze ( 8 own infancy & ?is is ! sort ( ?+ he sees1-- 8,i 0 ent]ta9$ l an angel ) ! works ( ,god 9 _! spl5d\r & glory4444 ,is x n /range t an infant %\ld be heir ( ! :ole _w & see ^? my/]ies :i* ! books ( ! le>n$ nev] unfold8444 ,! corn 0 ori5t & immortal :eat :i* nev] %\ld be reap$ nor 0 ev] s[n4 ,i ?\ght x _h /ood f ev]la/+ to ev]la/+4 ,! du/ & /ones ( ! /reet 7 z preci\s gold4444 ,! gre5 trees transport$ & ravi%$ me4 ,_! sweetness & unusual beauty made my he>t to leap4444 ,boys & girls tumbl+ 9 ! /reets 7 mov+ jewels4 ,i knew n t !y 7 born or %\ld die4444 ,! /reets 7 m9e1 ! p 7 m9e1 _! clo!s & gold & silv] 7 m9e z mu* z _! sp>kl+ eyes1 fair sk9s & ruddy faces4 ,! skies 7 m9e & s 7 ! sun & moon & />s1 & all ! _w 0 m9e & ,i ! only spectator & enjoy] ( x40 ,x takes a poet l ,trah]ne to reta9 & produce su* vivid memories1 ?\gh p]haps we c all recall ! s5se t we 7 spectators at ! %[ ( life1 & we c recollect a sunny "t be=e we 7 able to speak or tell :at we knew4 ,pun* amus$ u at "o "t ) a baby's views ( 8 nurse & 8 surr\nd+s & especially ( ! unw>rant$ pulls & pu%es to :i* he 0 subject2 b probably an infant is no critic4 ,8 bus9ess is to p]ceive & receive & ^! he does day 9 & day out4 ,we h an idea t poets say m ?an !y "k1 express m ?an !y see1 & t _! v]sion ( life mu/ be tak5 cum grano1 b p]haps ! fact is t no lab\r ( ! m9d enables !m to cat* & put into words ! full realities ( :i* !y are cognisant1 & !re=e we may take ,wordswor?1 ,col]idge1 ,vaughan & ! re/ z witnesses :o only h9t at ! glory :i* might be reveal$4 ,we are n poets & are dispos$ to disc\nt ! say+s ( ! poets1 b ! mo/ prosaic ( u comes across evid5ce ( m9d 9 *ildr51 & ( m9d a/oni%+ly al]t4 ,let u consid]1 9 ! fir/ two ye>s ( life !y manage to get ?r\gh m intellectual ef=t ?an any foll[+ two ye>s c %[4 ,suppos+ t mu*-discuss$ ,m>tian 7 at la/ able to make 8 way to our planet1 ?9k ( h[ mu* he mu/ le>n be=e he c\ld accommodate himself to our conditions6 ,our notions ( h>d & s(t1 wet & dry1 hot & cold1 /able & un/able1 f> & ne>1 w\ld be z =eign to him z !y are to an infant :o holds out 8 p9a=e = ! moon4 ,we d n "k :at ! ,m>tian means ( locomotion are b we c realise t to run & jump & climb /airs1 ev5 to sit & /& at w mu/ require fully z mu* reason$ endeav\r z x takes 9 aft] ye>s to accompli% skat+1 danc+1 ski-+1 f5c+1 :atev] a?letic ex]cises p sp5d ye>s 9 p]fect+2 & all ^! ! infant accompli%es 9 8 fir/ two ye>s4 ,he le>ns ! prop]ties ( matt]1 kn[s col\rs & has fir/ notions ( size1 solid1 liquid2 has le>n$ 9 8 ?ird ye> to articulate ) surpris+ cle>ness4 ,:at is m1 he has le>n$ a language1 two languages1 if he has _h ! opportunity1 & ! writ] has kn[n ( ?ree languages be+ ma/]$ by a *ild ( ?ree1 & "o ( !m 0 ,arabic2 ma/]$1 t is1 s f> t a *ild c say all t he ne$s to say 9 any "o ( ! ?ree--! sort ( ma/]y mo/ ( u wi% = :5 we are travell+ 9 =eign c\ntries4 ,lady ,m>y ,wortley ,montagu tells u t 9 h] "t ! little *ildr5 ( ,con/ant9ople prattl$ 9 five tongues ) a good k ( ea*4 ,if we h n prov$ t a *ild is born a p]son ) a m9d z complete & z beautiful z 8 beautiful little body1 we c at lea/ %[ t he always has all ! m9d he requires = 8 occasions2 t is1 t 8 m9d is ! in/rum5t ( 8 education & t 8 education does n produce 8 m9d4 ,:o %all measure ! range ( a *ild's ?\ghts8 ,8 cont9ual que/ions ab\t ,god1 8 speculations ab\t #8,jesus1' are !y no m ?an idle curiosity1 or are !y symptoms ( a ,god-hung] ) :i* we are all born1 & is a *ild able to compreh5d z mu* ( ! inf9ite & ! unse5 z are 8 self-complac5t eld]s8 ,is he #8cab9$1 cribb$1 conf9$1' 9 our ways & does ! fairy tale af=d a joyful escape to regions :]e all ?+s are possible8 ,we are told t *ildr5 h no imag9ation1 t !y mu/ ne$s see & t\*1 ta/e & h&le1 9 ord] to "k4 ,:ile a *ild's age is /ill c\nt$ by mon?s1 he devotes himself to le>n+ ! prop]ties ( ?+s by t\*+1 pull+1 te>+1 ?r[+1 ta/+1 b z mon?s pass into ye>s a c\p d'il suffices = all b new ?+s ( complicat$ /ructure4 ,life is a cont9ual progress to a *ild4 ,he does n g ov] old ?+s 9 old ways2 8 joy is to g on4 ,! imm5sity ( 8 p[]s br+s its own t]rors4 ,let me aga9 quote ,trah]ne1-- 8,ano!r "t 9 a l[]+ & sad ev5+ be+ alone 9 ! field :5 all ?+s 7 dead & quiet a c]ta9 wanton horror fell ^u me beyond imag9ation4 ,! unpr(itabl5ess & sil5ce ( ! place dissatisfi$ me3 its wildness t]rifi$ me4 ,f ! utmo/ ends ( ! e>? fe> surr\nd$ me4444 ,i 0 a weak & little *ild & _h =gott5 !re 0 a man alive on ! e>?4 ,yet also some?+ ( hope & expectation com=t$ me f e bord]40 ,trah]ne nev] loses ! lessons t come to him & he goes on1-- 8,?is taught me t ,i 0 conc]n$ 9 all ! _w 444 t ! beauties ( ! e>? 7 made to ent]ta9 me 444 t ! pres5ce ( cities1 temples & k+doms1 ought to su/a9 me & t to be alone 9 ! _w 0 to be desolate & mis]able40 ,reason is pres5t 9 ! infant z truly z imag9ation4 ,z soon z he c speak he lets u "k t he has pond]$ ! #8cause :y' ( ?+s & p]plexes u ) a ?\s& que/ions4 ,8 #8:y8' is ceaseless4 ,nor are 8 reason+s always dis9t]e/$4 ,h[ soon ! little ur*9 le>ns to manage 8 nurse or "m1 to calculate h] moods & play ^u h] feel+s6 ,x is 9 him to be a little tyrant2 8he has a w ( 8 own10 says 8 nurse1 b %e is mi/ak5 9 suppos+ t 8 /ormy manife/ations ( gre$1 wilfulness1 temp]1 are signs ( w4 ,x is :5 ! little boy is able to /op all ^! & re/ra9 himself ) quiv]+ lip t 8 w comes into play2 = he has a consci5ce too4 ,be=e he beg9s to toddle he kn[s ! diff]5ce betwe5 "r & wrong2 ev5 a baby 9 arms w blu% at ! #8naughty baby6' ( 8 nurse2 & t /rong w ( 8 acts 9 proportion z he le>ns ! difficult art ( ob$i5ce2 = no "o c make a *ild obey unless he wills to d s1 & we all "k h[ small a rebel may make confusion 9 h\se or s*oolroom4 #b4--,,! ,,m9d ,,( ,a ,,s*ool-,,*ild ,b we mu/ leave ! q "y *ild1 fasc9at+ z he is1 & take him up aga9 :5 he is ready = lessons4 ,i h made "s attempt else:]e#aa to %[ :at 8 p>5ts & tea*]s owe to him 9 ^? ye>s 9 :i* he is engag$ 9 self-education1 tak+ 8 lessons f ev]y?+ he sees & he>s1 & /r5g!n+ 8 p[]s by ev]y?+ he does4 ,"h1 9 a volume :i* is *iefly conc]n$ ) education 9 ! s5se ( s*ool+1 ,i am anxi\s to br+ be=e tea*]s ! fact t a *ild comes into _! h&s ) a m9d ( amaz+ pot5tialities3 he has a bra9 too1 no d\bt1 ! organ & in/rum5t ( t same m9d1 z a piano is n music b ! in/rum5t ( music4 ,probably we ne$ n conc]n ourselves ab\t ! bra9 :i* is subject to ! same conditions z ! re/ ( ! mat]ial body1 is f$ ) ! body's food1 re/s1 z ! body re/s1 requires fre% air & :olesome ex]cise to keep x 9 heal?1 b dep5ds ^u ! m9d = its prop] activities4 ,! _w has conc]n$ itself ( late s mu* ) psy*ology1 ^: prov9ce is :at has be5 call$ #8! unconsci\s m9d1' a region "u ! sway ( n]ves & blood 7:i* x is be/ p]haps to let alone7 t 9 our educational ef=ts we t5d to ignore ! m9d & address ourselves to ?is region ( symptoms4 ,n[ m9d1 be+ spiritual1 kn[s no fatigue2 bra91 too1 duly n\ri%$ ) ! food prop] = ! body1 all[$ due conditions ( fre% air & re/1 %\ld n "k fatigue2 giv5 ^! two conditions1 we h a glori\s field ( educational possibilities2 b x re/s ) u to evolve a !ory & practice :i* af=d due recognition to m9d4 ,an au?oritative say+ :i* we are apt to associate ) ! religi\s life only is equally applicable to education4 ,t :i* is born ( ! fle%1 is fle%1 we are told2 b we h =gott5 ?is great pr9ciple 9 our ef=ts at s*ool+ *ildr54 ,we give !m a #8play way' & play is altoge!r necess>y & desirable b is n ! av5ue :i* leads to m9d4 ,we give !m a fitt+ environm5t1 :i* is aga9 altoge!r desirable &1 aga91 is n ! way to m9d4 ,we tea* !m beautiful motion & we d well1 = ! body too mu/ h its education2 b we are n safe if we take ^! by-pa?s z approa*es to m9d4 ,x is /ill true t t :i* is born ( ! _s1 is _s4 ,! way to m9d is a q direct way4 ,m9d mu/ come into contact ) m9d ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ideas4 8,:at is m9d80 says ! old conundrum1 & ! answ] /ill is 8,no matt]40 ,x is necess>y = u :o tea* to realize t ?+s mat]ial h little effect ^u m9d1 because !re are /ill among u s*ools 9 :i* ! "w is altoge!r mat]ial & te*nical1 :e!r ! tea*+ is giv5 by means ( b>s ( wood or m sci5tific app>atus4 ,! mi/ress ( an ,elem5t>y ,s*ool writes1--8,! fa!r ( "o ( my girls said to me ye/]day1 #8,y h giv5 me "s "w to d4 ,e4 has let me h no re/ until ,i promis$ to set up my microscope & get pond wat] to look = monads & o!r wond]s4'0 ,"h we h ! "r ord]4 ,t :i* 0 born ( ! _s1 ! idea1 came fir/ & dem&$ to confirm & illu/rate4 8,h[ c ^! ?+s be80 we ask1 & ! answ] is n evid5t4 ,education1 l fai?1 is ! evid5ce ( ?+s n se54 ,we mu/ beg9 ) ! notion t ! bus9ess ( ! body is to gr[2 & x gr[s ^u food1 :i* food is compos$ ( liv+ cells1 ea* a p]fect life 9 itself4 ,9 l mann]1 ?\gh all analogies are mislead+ & inadequate1 ! only fit su/5ance = ! m9d is ideas1 & an idea too1 l ! s+le cell ( cellul> tissue1 appe>s to g ?r\gh ! /ages & functions ( a life4 ,we receive x ) appetite & "s /ir ( int]e/4 ,x appe>s to fe$ 9 a curi\s way4 ,we he> ( a new pat5t cure = ! m9d or ! body1 ( ! new ?\ght ( "s poet1 ! new notion ( a s*ool ( pa9t]s2 we take 91 accept1 ! idea & = days aft] e book we read1 e p]son we talk ) br+s food to ! newly ent]ta9$ notion4 #8,n prov51' w be ! v]dict ( ! casual read]2 b if he wat* ! behavi\r ( 8 own m9d t[>ds any ( ! ideas #89 ! air1' he w f9d t "s su* process z ,i h describ$ takes place2 & ?is process mu/ be consid]$ c>efully 9 ! education ( *ildr54 ,we may n take ?+s casually z we h done4 ,our bus9ess is to give *ildr5 ! great ideas ( life1 ( religion1 hi/ory1 sci5ce2 b x is ! ideas we mu/ give1 clo!d ^u ) facts z !y occur1 & mu/ leave ! *ild to deal ) ^! z he *ooses4 ,?is is h[ he deals ) ,geography1 = example3-- 8,:5 ,i he>d ( any new k+dom beyond ! seas ! light & glory ( x ent]$ into me4 ,x rose up )9 me & ,i 0 enl>g$ by ! :ole4 ,i ent]$ into x1 ,i saw its commodities1 spr+s1 mead[s1 inhabitants & became possessor ( t new room z if x _h be5 prep>$ = me s mu* 0 ,i magnifi$ & delight$ 9 x4 ,:5 ! ,bible 0 read my _s 0 pres5t 9 o!r ages4 ,i saw ! light & spl5d\r ( !m1 ! l& ( ,canaan1 ! ,israelites ent]+ into x1 ! anci5t glory ( ! ,amorites1 _! peace & ri*es1 _! cities1 h\ses1 v9es & fig-trees4444 ,i saw & felt all 9 su* a lively mann] z if !re _h be5 no o!r way to ^? places b 9 _s only4444 ,)\t *ang+ place 9 myself ,i c\ld behold & enjoy all ^?4 ,any?+ :5 x 0 propos$ ?\gh x 0 a ?\s& ye>s ago be+ always pres5t be=e me40 ,i v5ture aga9 to quote ,trah]ne because ,i "k ( no writ] :o reta9s s cle> a memory ( 8 infancy2 b ,goe! gives z full & conv9c+ an acc\nt ( 8 exp]i5ce ( ! ,bible1#ab ,i say #8exp]i5ce' advis$ly1 = ! ^w d5otes ! process by :i* *ildr5 get to "k4 ,!y exp]i5ce all ! ?+s !y he> & read (2 ^! ent] into !m & are _! life2 & ?us x is t ideas fe$ ! m9d 9 ! mo/ lit]al s5se ( ! ^w #8fe$4' ,d our ,geography lessons take ! *ildr5 !re8 ,d !y exp]i5ce1 live 91 our /ory ( ! call ( ,abraham8--or ( ! heal+ ( ! bl9d man on ! way to ,j]i*o8 ,if !y d n1 x is n = lack ( e>ne/ness & int5tion on ! "p ( ! tea*]2 8 error is r want ( confid5ce 9 *ildr54 ,he has n =m$ a j measure ( a *ild's m9d & bores 8 s*ol>s ) mu* talk ab\t matt]s :i* !y are able to und]/& = !mselves mu* bett] ?an he does4 ,h[ _m tea*]s "k t *ildr5 require no pictures except+ ! pictures ( great arti/s1 :i* h q ano!r function ?an t ( illu/ration8 ,!y see = !mselves 9 _! own m9ds a f> m glori\s1 & inde$ m accurate1 pres5tation ?an we c af=d 9 our mis]able daubs4 ,!y read betwe5 ! l9es & put 9 all ! au?or has left out4 ,a *ild ( n9e1 :o _h be5 read+ ,lang's ,tales ( ,troy & ,greece1 drew ,ulysses on ! ,isle ( ,calypso cutt+ d[n trees to make a raft2 a *ild ( t51 revell+ 9 ,a ,midsumm] ,night's ,dream1 drew t ,indian ,pr9cess br++ h] lovely boy to ,titania4 ,we o!rs are cont5t to "k t ,ulysses built a raft1 t ! boy 0 ! *ild ( an ,indian ,pr9cess4 ,?is is h[ any *ild's m9d works1 & our conc]n is n to />ve ^! f]tile intellig5ces4 ,!y mu/ h food 9 great abundance & v>iety4 ,!y "k :at to d ) x well en\gh & we ne$ n di/urb ourselves to provide = ! sep>ate ex]cise ( ea* s-call$ #8faculty'2 = ! m9d is "o & works all toge!r2 reason1 imag9ation1 reflection1 judgm5t1 :at y please1 are l #8all h&s' summon$ by ! #8heave-ho6' ( ! boatswa94 ,all sw>m on deck = ! lad+ ( c>go1 t ri* & odor\s c>go ( ideas :i* ! fair vessel ( a *ild's m9d is wait+ to receive4 ,d we wi% e *ild 9 a class to say1--or1 if he does n say1 to feel1--8,i 0 enl>g$ wond]fully0 by a ,geography lesson8 ,let him see ! place ) ! eyes ( ^? :o h se5 or conceiv$ x2 y\r b>ographs1 !rmographs1 cont\r l9es1 relief models1 sections1 pr(iles & ! l1 w n d x4 ,a map ( ! _w mu/ be a panorama to a *ild ( pictures s entranc+ t he w\ld r pond] !m ?an g out to play2 & no?+ is m easy ?an to give him ?is joie de vivre4 ,let him see ! _w z we ourselves *oose to see x :5 we travel2 its cities & peoples1 its m\nta9s & riv]s1 & he w g away f 8 lesson ) ! piece ( ! _w he has read ab\t1 be x c\nty or c\ntry1 sea or %ore1 z t ( 8a new room prep>$ = him1 s mu* w he be magnifi$ & delight$ 9 x40 ,all ! _w is 9 tru? ! *ild's possession1 prep>$ = him1 & if we keep him out ( 8 rights by our te*nical1 comm]cial1 ev5 hi/orical1 geography1 any sort ( geography1 9 fact1 made to illu/rate our !ories1 we are guilty ( fraudul5t practices4 ,:at he wants is ! _w & e bit1 piece by piece1 ea* bit a key to ! re/4 ,he reads ( ! ,bore ( ! ,sev]n & is on speak+ t]ms ) a #8,bore' :]ev] x occurs4 ,he ne$ n see a m\nta9 to "k a m\nta94 ,he sees all t is describ$ to him ) a vividness ( :i* we "k no?+ j z if !re _h be5 8no o!r way to ^? places b 9 _s only40 ,:o c take ! measure ( a *ild8 ,! ,g5ie ( ! ,arabian tale is no?+ to him4 ,he1 too1 may be let out ( 8 bottle & fill ! _w4 ,b woe to u if we keep him cork$ up4 ,en\gh1 t ! *ildr5 h m9ds1 & e man's m9d is 8 means ( liv+2 b x is a great deal m4 ,work+ m5 w h leisure 9 ! future & h[ ?is leisure is to be employ$ is a "q mu* discuss$4 ,n[1 no "o c employ leisure fitly ^: m9d is n br\ght into active play e day2 ! small affairs ( a man's own life supply no intellectual food & b small & monoton\s intellectual ex]cise4 ,sci5ce1 hi/ory1 philosophy1 lit]ature1 mu/ no long] be ! luxuries ( ! #8educat$' classes2 all classes mu/ be educat$ & sit d[n to ^! ?+s ( ! m9d z !y d to _! daily bread4 ,hi/ory mu/ af=d its pageants1 sci5ce its wond]s1 lit]ature its intimacies1 philosophy its speculations1 religion its assurances to e man1 & 8 education mu/ h prep>$ him = w&]+s 9 ^! realms ( gold4 ,h[ d we prep>e a *ild1 aga91 to use ! /hetic s5se ) :i* he appe>s to come provid$8 ,8 education %\ld furni% him ) :ole gall]ies ( m5tal pictures1 pictures by great arti/s old & new2--,israels' ,pancake ,woman1 8 ,*ildr5 by ! ,sea2 ,millet's ,fe$+ ! ,birds1 ,fir/ ,/eps1 ,angelus2 ,rembr&t's ,night ,wat*1 ,! ,supp] at ,emmaus2 ,velasquez's ,surr5d] ( ,br$a1--9 fact1 e *ild %\ld leave s*ool ) at lea/ a c\ple ( hundr$ pictures by great ma/]s hang+ p]man5tly 9 ! halls ( 8 imag9ation1 to say no?+ ( great build+s1 sculpture1 beauty ( =m & col\r 9 ?+s he sees4 ,p]haps we might secure at lea/ a hundr$ lovely l&scapes too1--sunsets1 cl\dscapes1 />-light nights4 ,at any rate he %\ld g =? well furni%$ because imag9ation has ! prop]ty ( magical expansion1 ! m x holds ! m x w hold4 ,x is n only a *ild's intellect b 8 he>t t comes to u ?or\ghly furni%$4 ,c any ( u love l a little *ild8 ,fa!r & "m1 si/]s & bro!rs1 neighb\rs & fri5ds1 8our0 cat & 8our0 dog1 ! wret*$e/ old /ump ( a brok5 toy1 all come 9 = 8 lavi% t5d]ness4 ,h[ g5]\s & grateful he is1 h[ k9d & simple1 h[ pitiful & h[ full ( b5evol5ce 9 ! /rict s5se ( goodwill1 h[ loyal & humble1 h[ fair & j6 ,8 consci5ce is on ! al]t4 ,is a tale true8 ,is a p]son good8--^! are ! important que/ions4 ,8 consci5ce *ides him :5 he is naughty1 & by degrees z he is tra9$1 8 w comes to 8 aid & he le>ns to ord] 8 life4 ,he is taught to say 8 pray]s1 & we eld]s h>dly realize h[ real 8 pray]s are to a *ild4 #c4--,,motives ,,= ,,le>n+ ,n[ place a tea*] be=e a class ( p]sons ! beauty & imm5sity ( ea* "o ( :om ,i h tri$ to indicate & he w say1 8,:at h ,i to (f] !m80 ,8 dull r\t9e lessons crumble into ! du/ !y are :5 he faces *ildr5 z !y are4 ,he _c g on (f]+ !m 8 /ale commonplaces2 he feels t he may n bore !m2 t he may n prick ! m9ds he has dull$ by unwor?y motives ( gre$ or emulation2 he w\ld n invite a p>cel ( *ildr5 to a ,timon fea/ ( smoke & lukew>m wat]4 ,he kn[s t *ildr5's m9ds hung] at regul> int]vals z d _! bodies2 t !y hung] = k1 n = in=mation1 & t 8 own poor /ock ( k is n en\gh1 8 own desultory talk has n sub/ance en\gh2 t 8 irrelevant rem>ks int]rupt a *ild's tra9 ( ?\ght2 t1 9 a ^w1 he is n suffici5t = ^! ?+s4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! *ildr51 ! *ildr5 ( ! slums especially1 h no vocabul>y to speak (1 no backgr\nd ( ?\ght d]iv$ f a cultur$ environm5t4 ,!y are l goodly pit*]s1 capable ( hold+ mu* b ) necks s n>r[ t only ! ?9ne/ /ream c trickle 94 ,s we h ?\ght hi!rto1 & our tea*+ has be5 dilut$ to di%wat] & ! pit*]s h gone empty away4 ,b we h *ang$ all t4 ,j z 9 ! ,w> ! magnanim\s1 patriotic citiz5 0 manife/$ 9 e man s 9 our s*ools e *ild has be5 discov]$ to be a p]son ( inf9ite possibilities4 ,i say e *ild1 = s-call$ #8backw>d' *ildr5 are no exception4 ,i %all v5ture to br+ be=e ! read] "s exp]i5ces ( ! ,p>5ts' ,union ,s*ool z be+ gr\nd ) :i* ,i am famili>4 ,exam9ation pap]s repres5t+ t5s ( ?\s&s ( *ildr5 work+ 9 ,elem5t>y ,s*ools1 ,second>y ,s*ools & home s*oolrooms h j pass$ "u my eye4 ,h[ ! *ildr5 h revell$ 9 k6 & h[ good & int]e/+ all _! answ]s are6 ,h[ well !y spell on ! :ole & h[ well !y write6 ,we d n ne$ ! te/imony ( _! tea*]s t ! "w ( ! t]m has be5 joy\s2 ! v]ve ) :i* ! *ildr5 tell :at !y "k proves ! fact4 ,e "o ( ^! *ildr5 kn[s t !re are hundr$s ( pleasant places = ! m9d to roam 94 ,!y are good & happy because "s little c>e has be5 tak5 to "k :at !y are & :at !y require2 a c>e v amply rew>d$ by results :i* alt] ! :ole outlook on education4 ,9 our ,tra9+ ,college1 ! /ud5ts are n taught h[ to /imulate att5tion1 h[ to keep ord]1 h[ to give m>ks1 h[ to puni% or ev5 h[ to rew>d1 h[ to manage a l>ge class or a small s*ool ) *ildr5 9 diff]5t classes4 ,all ^! ?+s come by nature 9 a s*ool :]e ! tea*]s "k some?+ ( ! capacities & requirem5ts ( *ildr54 ,to he> *ildr5 ( ! slums #8tell+' ,k+ ,le> or ,wood/ock1 by ! h\r if y w let !m1 or describ+ ) m9ute/ details ,van ,eyck's ,adoration ( ! ,lamb or ,botticelli's ,spr+1 is a surprise1 a revelation4 ,we take (f our %oes f (f our feet2 we #8did n "k x 0 9 !m1' :e!r we be _! p>5ts1 _! tea*]s or m]e look]s-on4 ,& ) "s feel+ ( awe ^u u we %all be ! bett] prep>$ to consid] h[ & ^u :at *ildr5 %\ld be educat$4 ,i w only add t ,i make no claims = !m :i* _c be ju/ifi$ by hundr$s1 ?\s&s1 ( in/ances )9 our exp]i5ce4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,! ,,good ,,& ,,evil ,,nature ,,( ,a ,,*ild ,*ildr5 are n born bad b ) possibilities = good & = evil4 #a4--,,well-,,be+ ,,( ,,body ,a well-kn[n educationali/ has br\ght heavy *>ges aga9/ u all on ! score t we br+ up *ildr5 z #8*ildr5 ( wra?4' ,he probably exagg]ates ! effect ( any su* tea*+1 & ! #8little angel' !ory is fully z mis*iev\s4 ,! fact seems to be t *ildr5 are l ourselves1 n because !y h become s1 b because !y are born s2 t is1 ) t5d5cies1 dispositions1 t[>ds good & t[>ds evil1 & also ) a curi\s intuitive k z to :i* is good & :i* is evil4 ,"h we h ! "w ( education indicat$4 ,!re are good & evil t5d5cies 9 body & m9d1 he>t & s\l2 & ! hope set be=e u is t we c fo/] ! good s z to att5uate ! evil2 t is1 on condition t we put ,education 9 h] true place z ! h&maid ( ,religion4 ,! community1 ! nation1 ! race1 are n[ tak+ _! due place 9 our religi\s ?\ght4 ,we are no long] solely occupi$ 9 :at an ,iri% woman call$ #8sav+ y] dirty s[l4' ,our religion is becom+ m magnanim\s & m responsible & x is "t t a l *ange %\ld take place 9 our educational ?\ght4 ,we f9d ourselves 9 op5 places brea?+ fre%] air :5 we consid]1 n ! education ( an individual *ild or ( a social class or ev5 ( a giv5 c\ntry1 b ( ! race1 ( ! human nature common to e class & c\ntry1 e individual *ild4 ,! prospect is exhil>at+ & ! recognition ( ! pot5tialities 9 any *ild %\ld br+ ab\t su* an educational r5aissance z may s5d our we>y old _w rejoic+ on its way4 ,physicians & physiologi/s tell u t new-born *ildr5 />t fair4 ,a *ild is n born ) tub]culosis1 = example1 if ) a t5d5cy :i* x is our bus9ess to c\nt]act4 ,9 ! same way all possibilities = good are conta9$ 9 8 moral & intellectual outfit1 h9d]$ x may be by a correspond+ t5d5cy to evil = e su* pot5tiality4 ,we beg9 to see our way4 ,x is our bus9ess to "k ( :at p>ts & passions a *ild is made up1 to disc]n ! dang]s t pres5t !mselves1 & /ill m ! possibilities ( free-go+ 9 delightful pa?s4 ,h[ev] disappo9t+1 ev5 =bidd+1 ! fail+s ( a *ild1 we may be q sure t 9 e case ! opposite t5d5cy is !re & we mu/ br+ ! wit to give x play4 ,p>5ts h ?is sort ( "m-wit m commonly ?an we outsid]s1 tea*]s & ! l4 ,( c\rse1 we "k ( ! mo!rs & fa!rs :o c't d any?+ ) ,tom & hope ! s*oolma/] w lick him into %ape4 ,b h[ (t5 on ! o!r h& are we surpris$ to see h[ mu* m ( p]sons ,bob & ,polly are 9 _! own homes ?an at s*ool6 ,p]haps ?is is because p>5ts "k _! *ildr5 bett] ?an d o!rs & = t reason believe 9 !m m2 = our fai? 9 ! div9e & ! human keeps pace ) our k4 ,= ?is reason x behoves u tea*]s to get a bird's eye view ( ! human nature :i* is pres5t 9 e *ild4 ,ev]ybody kn[s t hung]1 ?ir/1 re/1 *a/ity are ^? natural end[m5ts ( ! body by means ( :i* x gr[s & functions2 b 9 e *ild !re are t5d5cies to gre$9ess1 re/lessness1 slo?1 impurity1 any "o ( :i* by all[ance may ru9 ! *ild & ! man t he w be4 ,aga91 our old fri5ds1 ! five s5ses1 require direction & practice4 ,smell1 especially1 might be made a s\rce ( delicate pleasure by ! habit ( discrim9at+ ! good smells ( field & g>d51 fl[] & fruit1 = _! own sakes1 n z m9i/]+ to ta/e1 :i*1 unduly pamp]$1 becomes a man's ma/]4 ,b !re is little t is new to be le>n$ ab\t ! body & ^? v>i\s body-s]vants ) :i* x is equipp$4 ,education already does h] "p 9 tra9+ ! muscles1 cultivat+ ! s5ses1 ord]+ ! n]ves1 ( all *ildr51 ri* & poor2 = 9 ^! days we p]ceive t ! developm5t :i* is due to "o *ild is due to all4 ,if we make a mi/ake 9 reg>d to physical education x is p]haps 9 ! matt] ( ord]+ ! n]ves ( a *ild4 ,we d n consid] en\gh t ! n\ri%m5t1 re/1 fre% air & natural ex]cise1 prop] = ! body z a :ole1 meet ! requirem5ts ( ! n]v\s sy/em & t ! undue n]v\s t5sion :i* a small *ild suff]s 9 c>ry+ a cup ( tea1 an old] boy or girl 9 cramm+ = an exam9ation1 may be ! cause lat] ( a di/ress+ n]v\s breakd[n4 ,we are becom+ a n]v\s1 ov]/ra9$ nation & ?\gh golf & cricket may d some?+ = u1 a wat*ful education1 al]t to arre/ e symptom ( n]v\s ov]-pressure1 w\ld d mu* to secure = e *ild a f9e physique & a high degree ( /ay+ p[]4 ,a sn>e :i* att5ds ! really brilliant tea*] is ! exhau/+ effect ^u *ildr5 ( an ov]p[]+ p]sonality4 ,!y are su* ard5t & responsive little s\ls t ! tea*] :o gives !m nods & becks & wrea?d smiles may play ! ,pi$ ,pip] ) !m4 ,b he or %e %\ld bew>e4 ,! undue play ( ! p]sonality ( ! tea*] is likely to suppress & subdue t ( 8 s*ol>s2 &1 n only s1 *ildr5 are s eag] to live up to ! dem&s made ^u !m t !y may be br\ght to a /ate ( cont9ual n]v\s ov]-pressure "u ! influ5ce ( a #8*>m+ p]sonality4' ,?is sort ( subjection1 ! ,s*wrm]ei ( ! ,g]mans1 0 p[]fully set =? 9 a rec5t novel 9 :i* an unpr9cipl$ & fasc9at+ mi/ress #8ran' h] p]sonality ) disa/r\s results4 ,b ! dang] does n lie 9 extreme cases4 ,! girl :o kisses ! *amb] door ( h] class mi/ress w =get ?is lady by & by2 b ! p>asitic habit has be5 =m$ & %e mu/ always h "s p]son or "s cause on :i* to hang h] body & s\l4 ,i speak ( #8%e' & #8h]' p]haps unfairly1 because ev] s9ce ! ,greek y\? hung ab\t _! ma/]s 9 ! walks ( ! ,academy !re h be5 tea*]s :o h und]m9$ ! /ability ( ! boys to :om !y devot$ !mselves4 ,7 8 c\ntrym5 entirely wrong ab\t ,socrates8 ,a t5d5cy to ?is mann] ( betrayal is ! infirmity ( noble m9ds1 ( ^? :o h ! mo/ to give2 & = ?is reason1 aga91 x is important t we %\ld h be=e u a bird's eye view1 let u call x1 ( human nature4 #b4--,,well-,,be+ ,,( ,,m9d ,!re is a common notion t x is our inali5able "r n only to say :at we please b to ?9k z we please1 t is1 we believe t :ile body is subject to physical laws1 :ile ! affections1 love & ju/ice1 are subject to moral laws1 ! m9d is a *>t]$ lib]t9e4 ,probably ?is notion has mu* to d ) our neglect ( intellect4 ,we d n p]ceive t ! m9d1 too1 has its t5d5cies bo? good & evil & t e incl9ation t[>ds good is h9d]$ & may be ?w>t$ by a correspond+ incl9ation t[>ds evil2 ,i am n speak+ ( moral evil b ( ^? intellectual evils :i* we are sl[ to def9e & are c>eless 9 deal+ )4 ,does ! tea*] ( a l>ge class always p]ceive t intellect is en?ron$ be=e him 9 e *ild1 h[ev] dull & inatt5tive may be 8 out] %[8 ,e *ild 9 su* a class is op5 to ! wond]s t sci5ce reveals1 is int]e/$ 9 ! :eel+ worlds ( ! w9t] firmam5t4 8,*ild aft] *ild10 said a s*oolmi/ress1 8writes to say h[ mu* !y h enjoy$ read+ ab\t ! />s40 8,z we are walk+ sometimes & ! />s are %9+10 says a girl ( elev5 9 an ,elem5t>y ,s*ool1 8,i tell "m ab\t ! />s & planets & comets4 ,%e said %e %\ld ?9k a/ronomy v int]e/+40 ,b we tea* a/ronomy1 no1 we tea* #8light & heat' by means ( dessicat$ text-books1 diagrams & exp]im5ts1 :i* la/ are no m to *ildr5 ?an ! tricks ( :ite magic4 ,! inf9itely little is z attractive to !m z ! inf9itely great & ! behavi\r ( an atom1 an ion1 is a fairy tale !y delight 91 t is1 if no semblance to a fairy tale be sugge/$4 ,! pageant ( hi/ory ) its int]play ( *>act]s is z delightful z any tale because e *ild uses 8 own film to %[ ! sc5es & exhibit ! p]sons4 ,we fuss a good deal ab\t ! dress1 implem5ts & o!r small details ( ea* hi/oric p]iod b we =get t1 give ! *ild a few fit & exact words on ! subject & he has ! picture 9 8 m9d's eye1 nay1 a s]ies1 miles long ( really glori\s films2 = a *ild's amaz+1 vivify+ imag9ation is "p & p>cel ( 8 intellect4 ,! way *ildr5 make _! own ! examples (f]$ to !m is amaz+4 ,no *ild w\ld =get ! *>act]isation ( ,*>les ,,ix z #8feeble & viol5t1' nor fail to take to himself a lesson 9 self-control4 ,we may n po9t ! moral2 t is ! "w prop] = *ildr5 !mselves & !y d x )\t fail4 ,! comp>ative difficulty ( ! subject does n affect !m4 ,a tea*] writes 7( *ildr5 ( elev571--8,!y _c h en\gh ( ,publicola & !re are always groans :5 ! lesson comes to an end40 ,i h said mu* ( hi/ory & sci5ce1 b ma!matics1 a m\nta9\s l& :i* pays ! climb]1 makes its appeal to m9d1 & good tea*]s "k t !y may n dr[n _! tea*+ 9 v]biage4 ,z = lit]ature--to introduce *ildr5 to lit]ature is to in/al !m 9 a v ri* & glori\s k+dom1 to br+ a cont9ual holiday to _! doors1 to lay be=e !m a fea/ exquisitely s]v$4 ,b !y mu/ le>n to "k lit]ature by be+ famili> ) x f ! v fir/4 ,a *ild's int]c\rse mu/ always be ) good books1 ! be/ t we c f9d4 ,( c\rse1 we h always kn[n t ?is is ! "r ?+ = *ildr5 9 cultivat$ homes1 b :at ab\t ^? 9 ^: dwell+s books are little kn[n8 ,"o ( ! wise tea*]s 9 ,gl\ce/]%ire#ac notes t a recognition ( two ?+s is necess>y 9 deal+ ) ?is problem4 ,fir/1 t1-- 8,to expla9 ! mean+ ( words de/roys int]e/ 9 ! /ory & annoys ! *ild4 ,second1 t 9 _m in/ances x is unnecess>y4 ,al?\gh a *ild's diction>y k ( words is lack+ x does n foll[ t ! mean+ ( a s5t5ce or p>agraph is unkn[n to him 444 nei!r is ! correct employm5t ( ! words beyond him 9 writ+ or n>rat+4 ,two examples ( ?is p[] to s5se ! mean+ 7 obs]v$ la/ t]m4 ,!re is a p>ticul> boy 9 ,=m ,,iib :o has n hi!rto be5 look$ ^u z possess+ high intellig5ce4 ,classifi$ by age he ought to be two ,=ms high]4 ,la/ t]m 9 tak+ ! /ory ( ,romulus & ,remus1 ,i f\nd t 9 p[] ( n>rat+ & degree ( und]/&+ 7t is1 ( #8s5s+' a p>agraph & ei!r translat+ x into 8 vocabul>y or 9 us+ ! words read to him7 he /ood above ! o!rs & also above ! majority 9 ! next high] ,=m40 8,:at has surpris$ u mo/10 said ! ,headma/] ( ,a41 8is ! ready way 9 :i* boys absorb in=mation & become int]e/$ 9 lit]ature1 lit]ature :i* we h hi!rto consid]$ outside ! scope ( prim>y s*ool tea*+4 ,a ye> ago ,i c\ld n h believ$ t boys w\ld h read ,lytton's ,h>old1 ,k+sley's ,h]ew>d1 & ,scott's ,talisman ) real pleasure & ze/ or w\ld /udy ) und]/&+ & delight ,%akespe>e's ,macbe?1 ,k+ ,john & ,ri*>d ,,ii2 b exp]i5ce has %[n u we h und]rat$ ! abilities & ta/es ( ! lads we %\ld h kn[n bett]40 ,t is ! capital *>ge aga9/ mo/ s*ools4 ,! tea*]s und]rate ! ta/es & abilities ( _! pupils4 ,9 ?+s intellectual1 *ildr51 ev5 backw>d *ildr51 h extraord9>y #8possibilities = good'--possibilities s great t if we _h ! wit to give !m _! head !y w\ld c>ry u along l a /ream 9 spate4 ,b :at ab\t intellectual t5d5cies1 or #8possibilities = evil'8 ,"o su* t5d5cy dom9ates _m s*ools not)/&+ prodigi\s ef=ts on ! "p ( ! tea*]s to r\se slumb]+ m9ds4 ,inde$1 ! m ! tea*] works1 ! great] ! incuria ( ! *ildr51 s ! class is prodd$ ) m>ks1 ! boys take places1 ! bogie ( an oncom+ exam9ation is held be=e !m4 ,"s spasmodic ef=t is ! result b no vital response &1 ?\gh boys & girls love s*ool1 l _! tea*]s & ev5 _! lessons1 !y c>e n at all = k1 = :i* ! s*ool %\ld create en?usiasm4 ,i c t\* "h on no m ?an two pot5t means ( creat+ incuria 9 a class4 ,"o is ! talky-talky ( ! tea*]4 ,we all "k h[ we are bor$ by ! p]son 9 private life :o expla9s & exp\nds4 ,:at reason h we to suppose t *ildr5 are n equally bor$8 ,!y try to tell u t !y are by w&]+ eyes1 inanimate features1 fidgett+ h&s & feet1 by e means at _! disposal2 & ! k9dly s\ls among u ?9k t !y want to play or to be out ( doors4 ,b !y h no use = play except at prop] int]vals4 ,:at !y want is k convey$ 9 lit]>y =m & ! talk ( ! facile tea*] leaves !m cold4 ,ano!r soo?+ potion is little suspect$ ( produc+ m5tal le?>gy4 ,we pride ourselves ^u go+ ov] & ov] ! same gr\nd #8until ! *ildr5 "k x'2 ! monotony is deadly4 ,a *ild writes1--8,be=e we _h ^! 7books7 we _h to read ! same old lot aga9 & aga940 ,is x n true8 ,9 ! home s*oolroom books us$ by ! gr&mo!r are fit = ! gr&*ildr51 books us$ 9 boys' s*ools may be pick$ up at second-h& /alls ) ! oblit]at$ names ( half-a-doz5 successive own]s4 ,& :at ( ! compilations1 nei!r books nor text-books1 :i* d duty 9 ,elem5t>y ,s*ools8 ,no wond] ,mr4 ,fi%] said1 9 op5+ a public libr>y1 t he _h be5 8surpris$ & pa9$ :5 visit+ ,elem5t>y ,s*ools to f9d t !re 0 no?+ 9 !m :i* c\ld be call$ a book1 no?+ t w\ld *>m & enlight5 & exp& ! imag9ation40 ,& yet1 z he w5t on to say1 ! c\ntry is 8full ( arti/ic & lit]>y ability & always has be5 s40 ,if ?is ability is to be br\ght into play we mu/ recognise t *ildr5 are n rum9ants intellectually any m ?an physically4 ,!y _c g ov] ! same gr\nd repeat$ly )\t dead5+1 ev5 p>alys+ results1 = progress1 cont9ual progress is ! law ( intellectual life4 ,9 matt]s ( ! m9d aga9 ,habit is a good s]vant b a bad ma/]4 ,specialisation1 ! feti% ( ! end ( ! la/ c5tury1 is to be deprecat$ because x is at our p]il t we rema9 too long 9 any "o field ( ?\ght4 ,we may n1 = example1 all[ ! affairs & int]e/s ( daily life to deprive ! m9d ( its prop] range ( int]e/s & occupations4 ,x is ev5 possible = a p]son to g into any "o ( ! great fields ( ?\ght & to "w !re9 ) delight until he become incapable ( f9d+ 8 way into any o!r su* field4 ,we "k h[ ,d>w9 lo/ himself 9 sci5ce until he c\ld n read poetry1 f9d pleasure 9 pictures1 ?9k ^u ?+s div9e2 he 0 unable to turn 8 m9d out ( ! c\rse 9 :i* x _h run = mo/ ( 8 life4 ,9 ! great 7& ungov]n$7 age ( ! ,r5aissance1 ! "t :5 great ?+s 7 done1 great pictures pa9t$1 great build+s rais$1 great discov]ies made1 ! same man 0 a pa9t]1 an ar*itect1 a goldsmi? & a ma/] ( mu* k besides2 & all t he did he did well1 all t he knew 0 "p ( 8 daily ?\ght & enjoym5t4 ,let u he> ,vas>i on ,leon>do1-- 8,possess$ ( a div9e & m>vell\s intellect & be+ an excell5t geometrician1 he n only work$ at sculpture 444 b also prep>$ _m ar*itectural plans & build+s 444 he made designs = mills & o!r eng9es to g by wat]2 &1 z pa9t+ 0 to be 8 pr(ession1 he /udi$ draw+ f life40 ,leon>do knew no?+ ab\t ,art = ,art's sake1 t %ibbole? ( ye/]day1 nor did our own ,*ri/oph] ,wr51 also a great ma!matician & ma/] ( mu* & v>i\s k1 to :om ar*itecture 0 r a by-!-way int]e/1 & yet he built ,/4 ,paul's4 ,:at an irrep>able loss we _h :5 t plan ( 8 = a beautiful & spaci\s ,london 0 flung aside because x w\ld co/ too mu* to c>ry x out6 ,j s ( our p>simony d we fl+ aside ! m9ds ( ! *ildr5 ( our c\ntry1 also capable ( be+ wr\ght into pleasaunces ( delight1 /ructures ( utility & beauty1 at a pitifully trifl+ co/4 ,x is well we %\ld recognise t ! bus9ess ( education is ) u all our lives1 t we mu/ always g on increas+ our k4 ,( ! means we employ to h9d] ! gr[? ( m9d p]haps none is m subtle ?an ! que/ionnaire4 ,x is z ?\gh "o requir$ a *ild to produce = inspection at its v>i\s /ages ( assimilation ! food he consum$ = 8 d9n]2 we see at once h[ ! dige/ive processes w\ld be h9d]$1 h[1 9 a ^w1 ! *ild w\ld cease to be f$4 ,b ! m9d also requires its food & leave to c>ry on ^? quiet processes ( dige/ion & assimilation :i* x mu/ accompli% = itself4 ,! *ild ) capacity1 :i* implies dep?1 is /upifi$ by a long rigm>ole on ! l9es (1--8,if ,john's fa!r is ,tom's son1 :at relation is ,tom to ,john80 ,! %all[ *ild guesses ! riddle & scores2 & x is by ! use ( te/s ( ?is k9d t we turn out "y p %>p z ne$les b ) no p[] ( reflection1 no intellig5t int]e/s1 no?+ b ! aptness ( ! city gam94 ,imag9ation may become l t cave ,ezekiel tells ( :]e9 7 all mann] ( unseemly & evil ?+s2 x may be a temple :]e9 self is glorifi$2 x may be a *amb] ( horrors & dang]s2 b x may also be a ,h\se ,beautiful4 ,x is en\gh = u to rememb] t imag9ation is /or$ ) ^? images suppli$ day by day :e!r by ! c9ema1 ! p5ny dreadful1 by ,hom] or ,%akespe>e1 by ! great picture or ! flam+ #8%ock]4' ,we h he>d ( ! imag9ative man :o conceiv$ a passion = ! ,sph9x6 ,9 ^! days :5 ,reason is deifi$ by ! unle>n$ & plays ! "p ( ! ,"l ( ,misrule x is necess>y t e *ild %\ld be tra9$ to recognize fallaci\s reason+ & above all to "k t a man's reason is 8 s]vant & n 8 ma/]2 t !re is no notion a man *ooses to receive :i* 8 reason w n ju/ify1 :e!r x be mi/ru/ ( 8 neighb\r1 jeal\sy ( 8 wife1 d\bts ab\t 8 religion1 or contempt = 8 c\ntry4 ,realis+ ?is1 we #8see reason' 9 ! fact t ?\s&s ( m5 g on /rike because two ( _! body h be5 d5i$ p]mission to att5d a c]ta9 meet+4 ,we see reason 9 ?is b ! m5 !mselves conf\nd reason ) "r & consid] t su* a /rike is a righte\s prote/4 ,! only safegu>d aga9/ fallacies :i* und]m9e ! /r5g? ( ! nation morally & economically is a lib]al education :i* af=ds a wide field = reflection & comp>ison & abundant data ^u :i* to f\nd s\nd judgm5ts4 ,z = t /hetic #8appet5cy' 7to use ,col]idge's ^w7 ^u :i* s _m ( ! g5tle pleasures ( life dep5d1 x is op5 to _m disa/]s3 x dies ( inanition :5 beauty is n duly pres5t$ to x1 beauty 9 words1 9 pictures & music1 9 tree & fl[] & sky4 ,! function ( ! s5se ( beauty is to op5 a p>adise ( pleasure = u2 b :at if we gr[ up admir+ ! wrong ?+s1 or1 :at is morally worse1 arrogant 9 ! belief t x is only we & our k9d :o are able to appreciate & di/+ui% beauty8 ,x is no small "p ( education to h se5 mu* beauty1 to recognize x :5 we see x1 & to keep ourselves humble 9 its pres5ce4 #c4--;,,intellectual ,,appetite ,z ! body is provid$ ) its appetites1 by undue indulg5ce ( any "o ( :i* a man may make %ipwreck1 b :i* duly ord]$ %\ld result 9 a robu/ & vigor\s frame2 s1 too1 ! spiritual "p ( u is provid$ ) c]ta9 cat]]s ^: bus9ess x is to secure t k9d ( n\ri%m5t :i* promotes spiritual or intellectual gr[? 9 "o or ano!r direction4 ,p]haps 9 no "p ( our educational s]vice d we make m s]i\s blund]s ?an 9 our use ( ^? desires :i* act z d ! appetites = ! body's s]vice4 ,e *ild wants to be approv$1 ev5 baby 9 8 new r$ %oes2 to be fir/ 9 :at is go+ on2 to get :at is go+2 to be admir$2 to lead & manage ! re/2 to h ! companion%ip ( *ildr5 & gr[n p2 & la/1 b n lea/1 e *ild wants to "k4 ,!re !y are1 ^? desires1 ready to act on occasion & our bus9ess is to make due use ( ?is natural provision = ! "w ( education4 ,we d make use ( ! desires1 n wisely1 b too well4 ,we run our s*ools ^u emulation1 ! desire ( e *ild to be fir/2 & n ! able/1 b ! mo/ pu%+1 comes to ! front4 ,we quick5 emulation by ! common desire to get & to h1 t is1 by ! impulse ( av>ice4 ,s we (f] prizes1 exhibitions1 s*ol>%ips1 e inc5tive t c be propos$4 ,we cause him to "w = our approbation1 we play ^u 8 vanity1 & ! boy does m ?an he c4 ,:at is ! h>m1 we say1 :5 all ^? spr+s ( action are 9 ! *ild already8 ,! a?lete is beg9n+ to discov] t he suff]s else:]e f ! undue developm5t ( any set ( muscles2 & ! boy ^: ambition1 or emulation1 has be5 unduly /imulat$ becomes a flaccid p]son4 ,b !re is a worse evil4 ,we all want k j z mu* z we want bread4 ,we "k x is possible to cure ! latt] appetite by giv+ m /imulat+ food2 & ! wor/ ( us+ o!r spurs to le>n+ is t a natural love ( k :i* %\ld c>ry u ?r\gh eag] s*ool-days1 & give a spice ( adv5ture to ! dull] days ( mature life1 is effectually *ok$2 & boys & girls #8,cram to pass b n to "k2 !y d pass b !y don't "k4' ,! div9e curiosity :i* %\ld h be5 an equipm5t = life h>dly survives e>ly s*ooldays4 ,n[ x has be5 demon/rat$ v fully inde$ t ! delightfulness ( k is suffici5t to c>ry a pupil joyfully & eag]ly ?r\gh 8 s*ool life & t prizes & places1 praise1 blame & puni%m5t1 are unnecess>y 9 s f> z !y are us$ to secure ard5t int]e/ & eag] "w4 ,! love ( k is suffici5t4 ,ea* ( ^? o!r /imuli %\ld no d\bt h its natural action1 b "o or two spr+s ( action seem to be play$ ^u excessively 9 our s*ools4 ,conduct gives opportunity = #8virtue emul\sly rapid 9 ! race' & especially t "p ( conduct kn[n z #8play' 9 :i* mo/ ( ! natural desires come into action2 b ev5 9 play we mu/ bew>e ( ! excess ( zeal :i* risks ! elim9ation ( ! prim>y feel+s ( love & ju/ice4 ,9 ! s*oolroom1 )\t d\bt1 ! titillation ( k itself af=ds suffici5t /imulus to close att5tion & /eady lab\r2 & ! desire ( acquisition has due play 9 a boy :o is con/antly increas+ 8 acquirem5ts4 #d4--,,misdirect$ ,,affections ,we are aw>e ( m ?an m9d & body 9 our deal+s ) *ildr54 ,we appeal to _! #8feel+s'2 :e!r #8m9d' or #8feel+s' be m ?an names we *oose to give to manife/ations ( t spiritual entity :i* is ea* "o ( u4 ,probably we h n ev5 tak5 ! tr\ble to analyse & "n ! feel+s & to discov] t !y all fall "u ! names ( love & ju/ice1 t x is ! glory ( ! human be+ to be end[$ ) su* a weal? ( ^! two z is suffici5t = e occasion ( life4 ,m1 ! occasions come & he is ready to meet !m ) ! ease & triumph ( ! solv5t debtor4 ,b ?is ri* end[m5t ( ! moral nature is also a matt] ) :i* ! educator %\ld conc]n himself4 ,alas1 he does s4 ,he po9ts ! moral ) a ?\s& t$i\s platitudes1 directs1 in/ructs1 illu/rates & bores exce$+ly ! nimble & subtle m9ds ( 8 s*ol>s4 ,?is1 ( ! feel+s & _! manife/ations1 is c]ta9ly ! field = ! sp>e & gu>d$ praise & blame ( p>5t & tea*]2 b ?is praise or blame is apt to be ei!r scrapp$ by *ildr51 or1 tak5 z ! sole motive = conduct1 !y g =? unus$ to d a ?+ #8= x is "r' b only because somebody's approbation is to be won4 ,?is education ( ! feel+s1 moral education1 is too delicate & p]sonal a matt] = a tea*] to und]take tru/+ to 8 own res\rces4 ,*ildr5 are n to be f$ morally l "y pigeons ) pr$ige/$ food4 ,!y mu/ pick & eat = !mselves & !y d s f ! conduct ( o!rs :i* !y he> ( or p]ceive4 ,b !y want a great quantity ( ! sort ( food ^: issue is conduct1 & t is :y poetry1 hi/ory1 romance1 geography1 travel1 biography1 sci5ce & sums mu/ all be press$ into s]vice4 ,no "o c tell :at p>ticul> morsel a *ild w select = 8 su/5ance4 ,"o small boy ( eight may come d[n late because--8,i 0 m$itat+ ^u ,plato & c\ldn't fa/5 my buttons10 & ano!r may f9d 8 meat 9 #8,pet] ,pan'6 ,b all *ildr5 mu/ read widely1 & "k :at !y h read1 = ! n\ri%m5t ( _! complex nature4 ,z = moral lessons1 !y are worse ?an useless2 *ildr5 want a great deal ( f9e & v>i\s moral fe$+1 f :i* !y draw ! #8lessons' !y require4 ,x is a wond]ful ?+ t e *ild1 ev5 ! rude/1 is end[$ ) ,love & is able = all its manife/ations1--k9dness1 b5evol5ce1 g5]osity1 gratitude1 pity1 sympa?y1 loyalty1 humility1 gladness2 we old] p]sons are amaz$ at ! lavi% display ( any "o ( ^! to :i* ! mo/ ignorant *ild may treat u4 ,b ^! aptitudes are s mu* co9 ( ! realm ) :i* a *ild is provid$ t he may be able to pay 8 way ?r\gh life2 &1 alas1 we are aw>e ( c]ta9 vulg> commonplace t5d5cies 9 ourselves :i* make u walk delicately & tru/1 n to our own tea*+1 b to ! be/ t we h 9 art & lit]ature & above all to t /oreh\se ( example & precept1 ! ,bible1 to enable u to t\* ^! delicate spirits to f9e issues4 ,/4 ,francis1 ,coll+wood1 ,fa!r ,dami51 "o ( ! ,v4,c4's among u1 w d m = *ildr5 ?an ye>s ( talk4 ,!n !re is t o!r wond]ful provision = "r liv+ )\t :i* no neglect$ or savage man-s\l exi/s4 ,ev]yone has ,ju/ice 9 8 he>t2 a cry = #8fair play' rea*es ! mo/ lawless mob1 & we all "k h[ *ildr5 torm5t u ) _! #8,x's n fair4' ,x is mu* to "k t z reg>ds ju/ice z well z love !re exi/s 9 ev]yone an adequate provision = ! conduct ( life3 g5]al unre/1 :i* has its rise 9 wrong ?9k+ & wrong judg+ f> m ?an 9 faulty conditions1 is ! misguid$ outcome ( t s5se ( ju/ice ) :i*1 ?ank ,god1 we are all endu$4 ,"h1 on ! face ( x1 we get "o (fice ( education4 ,?is1 ( ju/ice1 is ano!r spiritual provision :i* we fail to employ duly 9 our s*ools2 & s wond]ful is ?is pr9ciple t we _c kill1 p>alyse1 or ev5 b5umb x1 b1 *ok$ 9 its natural c\rse1 x spreads havoc & deva/ation :]e x %\ld h made ! soil f]tile = ! fruits ( good liv+4 ,few ( ! (fices ( education are m important ?an t ( prep>+ m5 to di/+ui% betwe5 _! rights & _! duties4 ,we ea* h our rights & o!r p]sons h _! duties t[>ds u z we t[>ds !m2 b x is n easy to le>n t we h precisely ! same rights z o!r p & no m2 t o!r p owe to u j su* duties z we owe to !m4 ,?is f9e art ( self-adju/m5t is possible to ev]yone because ( ! in]adicable pr9ciple :i* abides 9 u4 ,b our eyes mu/ be taught to see1 & h5ce ! ne$ = all ! processes ( education1 futile 9 proportion z !y d n s]ve ?is end4 ,to ?9k fairly requires1 we "k1 k z well z consid]ation4 ,"y p %\ld leave s*ool kn[+ t _! ?\ghts are n _! own2#ad t :at we ?9k ( o!r p is a matt] ( ju/ice or inju/ice2 t a c]ta9 mann] ( words is due f !m to all mann] ( p]sons ) :om !y h to deal2 & t n to speak ^? words is to be unju/ to _! neighb\rs4 ,!y %\ld "k t tru?1 t is1 ju/ice 9 ^w1 is _! due & t ( all o!r p]sons2 !re are few bett] equipm5ts = a citiz5 ?an a m9d capable ( disc]n+ ! tru?1 & ?is j m9d c be pres]v$ only by ^? :o take he$ :at !y ?9k4 8,yet tru?10 says ,bacon1 8:i* only do? judge itself1 tea*e? t ! enquiry ( tru?1 :i* is ! love-mak+1 or woo+ ( x1 ! k ( tru?1 :i* is ! pres5ce ( x1 & ! belief ( tru?1 :i* is ! enjoy+ ( x1 is ! sov]eign good ( human nature40 ,if ju/ice 9 ^w is to be duly le>n$ by all s*ol>s /ill m is integrity1 ju/ice 9 action2 integrity 9 "w1 :i* disall[s ca'canny me?ods1 :e!r ^? ( ! artisan :o does z little z he c 9 ! "t1 or ( ! s*oolboy :o receives paym5t 9 k9d--9 8 support1 ! co/ ( 8 education & ! tru/ impos$ 9 him by p>5ts & tea*]s4 ,!re=e he may n scamp1 dawdle ov]1 po/pone1 crib1 or o!rwise %irk 8 "w4 ,he le>ns t 8my duty t[>ds my neighb\r0 is 8to keep my h&s f pick+ & /eal+10 &1 :e!r a man be a workman1 a s]vant1 or a prosp]\s citiz51 he mu/ "k t ju/ice requires f him ! integrity 9 mat]ial :i* we call hone/y2 n ! common hone/y :i* hates to be f\nd out1 b t ref9$ & delicate s5se ( values :i* ,george ,eliot exhibits = u 9 #8,caleb ,g>?4' ,!re is ano!r =m 9 :i* ! magnanim\s citiz5 ( ! future mu/ be taught ! s5se ( ju/ice4 ,our op9ions %[ our integrity ( ?\ght4 ,e p]son has _m op9ions :e!r 8 own hone/ly ?\ght out1 or notions pick$ up f 8 pet newspap] or 8 companions4 ,! p]son :o ?9ks out 8 op9ions mode/ly & c>efully is do+ 8 duty z truly z if he sav$ a life because !re is no m or less ab\t duty4 ,if a s*oolboy is to be guid$ into ! ju/ice ( ?\ght f :i* s\nd op9ions emanate1 h[ mu* m does he ne$ guidance 9 arriv+ at t ju/ice 9 motive :i* we call s\nd pr9ciples4 ,= :at1 aft] all1 are pr9ciples b ^? motives ( fir/ importance :i* gov]n u1 move u 9 ?\ght & action8 ,we appe> to pick up ^! 9 a casual way & are seldom able to r5d] an acc\nt ( !m & yet our lives are ord]$ by our pr9ciples1 good or bad4 ,"h1 aga91 we h a reason = wide & wisely ord]$ read+2 = !re are always cat*-words float+ 9 ! air1 z1--#8,:at's ! good8' #8,x's all rot1' & ! l1 :i* ! vacant m9d cat*es up = use z ! basis ( ?\ght & conduct1 z1 9 fact1 paltry pr9ciples = ! guidance ( a life4 ,"h we h "o m reason :y !re is no?+ 9 all ^? spiritual /ores 9 ! _w's treasury too good = ! education ( all *ildr54 ,e lovely tale1 illum9at+ poem1 in/ructive hi/ory1 e unfold+ ( travel & revelation ( sci5ce exi/s = *ildr54 8,la t]re app>ti5t l'enfant1 t\j\rs l'enfant10 0 well said by ,maxim ,gorky1 & we %\ld d well to rememb] ! fact4 ,! s]vice t "s ( u 7( ! ,p4,n4,e4,u47 believe we h done 9 ! cause ( education is to discov] t all *ildr51 ev5 backw>d *ildr51 are aw>e ( _! ne$s & pa!tically eag] = ! food !y require2 t no prep>ation :atev] is necess>y = ?is sort ( diet2 t a limit$ vocabul>y1 sordid surr\nd+s1 ! abs5ce ( a lit]>y backgr\nd to ?\ght are n h9drances2 inde$ !y may turn out to be inc5tives to le>n+1 j z ! m hungry ! *ild1 ! readi] he is = 8 d9n]4 ,?is /atem5t is no m]e pi\s op9ion2 x has be5 amply prov$ 9 ?\s&s ( in/ances4 ,*ildr5 ( a poor s*ool 9 ! slums are eag] to tell ! :ole /ory ( ,wav]ley1 fall+ cont9ually into ! beautiful language & /yle ( ! au?or4 ,!y talk ab\t ! ,rosetta ,/one & ab\t treasures 9 _! local museum2 !y discuss ,coriolanus & conclude t #88 "m mu/ h spoil$ him4' ,!y "k by he>t e detail ( a picture by ,la ,hoo*1 ,rembr&t1 ,botticelli1 & n only is no evolution ( hi/ory or drama1 no subtle sweetness1 no inspiration ( a poet1 beyond !m1 b !y decl9e to "k t :i* does n rea* !m 9 lit]>y =m4 ,:at !y receive "u ?is condition !y absorb imm$iately & %[ t !y "k by t te/ ( k :i* applies to u all1 t is1 !y c tell x ) p[]1 cle>ness1 vivacity & *>m4 ,^! are ! *ildr5 to :om we h be5 dol+ out ! #8?ree ,r's' = g5]ations6 ,small wond] t juv5ile crime increases2 ! intellectually />v$ boy mu/ ne$s f9d food = 8 imag9ation1 scope = 8 intellectual p[]2 & crime1 l ! c9ema1 (f]s x mu/ be admitt$1 brave adv5tures4 #e4--,,! ,,well-,,be+ ,,( ,,! ,,s\l ,if we leave ! out] c\rts ( m9d & body1 ! holy places ( ! affections & ! w 7we %all consid] ?is la/ lat]7 & ent] t holy ( holies :]e man p]=ms 8 prie/ly functions1 we may well ask ) diffid5ce & humility :at may education d = ! ,s\l ( a *ild8 8,:at is !re t outwits ! und]/&+ ( a man or t is out ( ! range ( 8 ?\ghts1 ! rea* ( 8 aspirations8 ,he is1 x is true1 baffl$ on all h&s by 8 ignorance1 ! illimitable ignorance ( ev5 ! wise/1 b ignorance is n incapacity & ! w+s ( a man's s\l beat ) impati5ce aga9/ ! b>s ( 8 ignorance4 ,he w\ld out1 out into ! univ]se ( inf9ite ?\ght & inf9ite possibilities4 ,h[ is ! s\l ( a man to be satisfi$8 ,cr[n$ k+s h ?r[n up dom9ion because !y want t :i* is great] ?an k+doms2 pr(\nd s*ol>s fret "u limitations :i* keep !m play+ ^u ! m>g9 ( ! uns\nd$ ocean ( k2 no great love c satisfy itself ) lov+2 !re is no satisfaction save "o = ! s\l ( a man1 because ! ?+s ab\t him are f9ite1 measurable1 incomplete & 8 rea* is beyond 8 grasp4 ,he has an urg5t1 incessant1 irrepressible ne$ ( ! inf9ite40#ae 8,i want1 am made =1 & mu/ h a ,god20--n a m]e s]viceable religion1--because we h 9 u an inf9ite capacity = love1 loyalty & s]vice :i* we _c exp5d ^u any o!r4 ,b :at sort ( approa*es d we prep>e = *ildr5 t[>ds ! ,god :om !y ne$1 ! ,savi\r 9 ,:om is all help1 ! ,k+ ,:o af=ds all delight1 comm&s all adoration & loyalty8 ,any words or ?\ghts ( ours are poor & insuffici5t1 b we h a treasury ( div9e words :i* !y read & "k ) satisfy+ pleasure & tell ) s+ul> beauty & fitness4 8,! ,bible is ! mo/ int]e/+ book ,i "k10 said a "y p]son ( t5 :o _h read a good _m books & knew h] ,bible4 ,by degrees *ildr5 get t k ( ,god :i* is ! object ( ! f9al daily pray] 9 our beautiful liturgy--! pray] ( ,/4 ,*ryso/om--8,grant u 9 ?is _w k ( ,?y tru?10 & all o!r k :i* !y obta9 ga!rs r\nd & illum9ates ?is4 ,"h is an example ( h[ su* k gr[s4 ,i he>d a class ( girls ag$ ab\t ?irte5 read an essay on ,george ,h]b]t4 ,?ree or f\r ( 8 poems 7 includ$1 & none ( ! girls _h read ei!r essay or poems be=e4 ,!y #8n>rat$' :at !y _h read & 9 ! c\rse ( _! n>ration gave a full p>aphrase ( ,! ,elixir1 ,! ,pulley1 & "o or two o!r poems4 ,no po9t made by ! poet 0 omitt$ & 8 exact words 7 us$ pretty freely4 ,! tea*] made comm5ts ^u "o or two unusual words & t 0 all2 to expla9 or en=ce 7o!rwise ?an by a rev]5tly sympa!tic mann]1 ! glance & words t %[$ t %e too1 c>$71 w\ld h be5 imp]t95t4 ,x is an int]e/+ ?+ t hundr$s ( *ildr5 ( ?is age 9 ,second>y & ,elem5t>y ,s*ools & 9 families scatt]$ ov] ! _w read & n>rat$ ! same essay & no d\bt p>aphras$ ! v]ses ) equal ease4 ,i felt humbl$ be=e ! *ildr5 kn[+ myself incapable ( su* imm$iate & rapid appreh5sion ( sev]al pages ( new matt] includ+ poems ^: int5tion is by no means obvi\s4 ,9 su* ways ! great ?\ghts ( great ?9k]s illum9ate *ildr5 & !y gr[ 9 k1 *iefly ! k ( ,god4 ,& yet ?is1 ! *ief "p ( education1 is dr[n$ 9 torr5ts ( talk1 9 t$i\s repetition1 9 objurgation & recrim9ation1 9 e sort ( way 9 :i* ! m9d may be bor$ & ! affections dead5$4 ,i h endeav\r$ to sket* "s ( ! possibilities = good & ! correspond+ possibilities = evil pres5t 9 all *ildr52 !y are wait+ = direction & control1 c]ta9ly1 b /ill m = ! =mative influ5ce ( k4 ,i h avoid$ philosophical t]ms1 us+ only names 9 common use1--body & s\l1 body & m9d1 body1 s\l & _s1--because ^! repres5t ideas t we _c elude & t convey c]ta9 def9ite notions2 & ^! ideas mu/ ne$s =m ! basis ( our educational ?\ght4 ,we mu/ "k some?+ ab\t ! mat]ial we are to "w ^u if ! education we (f] is n to be scrappy & sup]ficial4 ,we mu/ h "s measure ( a *ild's requirem5ts1 n bas$ ^u 8 uses to society1 nor ^u ! /&>d ( ! _w he lives 91 b ^u 8 own capacity & ne$s4 ,we w\ld n will+ly educate him t[>ds :at is call$ #8self-expression'2 he has little to express except :at he has receiv$ z k1 :e!r by way ( record or impression2 :at he c d is to assimilate & give ?is =? 9 a =m :i* is orig9al because x is modifi$1 re-creat$1 by ! action ( 8 own m9d2 & ?is orig9ality is produc$ by ! common bread & milk :i* is food = ev]yone1 act+ ^u ! m9d :i* is peculi> to ea* individual *ild4 ,education implies a cont9u\s go+ =? ( ! m9d2 b :atev] induces introspection or any =m ( self-consci\sness holds up z x 7 ! intellectual p[]s & br+s progress to a /&/ill4 ,! read] may h notic$ ) "s disappo9tm5t t ,i h n invit$ him to ! /udy ( psy*ology z x is und]/ood to-day4 ,no d\bt !re exi/s a c]ta9 dim region describ$ z ! unconsci\s m9d1 a sort ( half-way h\se betwe5 m9d & matt]1 a place :]e ! intellect is subdu$ to ! action ( n]ves & blood4 ,m9d is ( its nature inf9itely & always consci\s & to speak ( ! unconsci\s m9d is a contradiction 9 t]ms2 b :at is meant is t ! m9d ?9ks 9 ways ( :i* we are unconsci\s2 & t our bus9ess is to make ourselves aw>e by mu* introspection1 mu* self-occupation1 ( ! nature & t5d5cies ( ?is #8unconsci\s' region4 ,! results ( ?is /udy1 s f> z !y h be5 arriv$ at1 are n enc\rag+4 ,! be/ t is 9 u w\ld appe> to f9d its orig9 9 #8complexes1' s5sual1 erotic1 gre$y4 ,grant+ t su* possibilities are 9 u safety1 lies 9 s n\ri%+ ! m9d t se$ ( bas5ess may be> fruit ( beauty4 ,rese>*es 9 ?is region are deeply int]e/+ no d\bt1 to ! psy*ologi/1 & may ev5tually be> fruit if only z contribut+ a quota to ! classification ( k2 b no au?ority on ! subject is will+ to (f] at pres5t 8 rese>*es z a contribution to educational lore4 ,x may be t ! m9d z well z ! body has its regions :]e noli me tang]e is a c\nsel ( exp$i5ce2 &1 by ! "t we h dealt ) ^? functions ( ! m9d :i* we "k1 we may f9d ourselves 9 a position to =mulate t :i* we c]ta9ly d n possess1 a ,sci5ce1 %\ld x n be a ,philosophy1 ( ,education8 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,au?ority ,,& ,,docility ,! pr9ciples ( ,au?ority on ! "o h& & ,docility on ! o!r are natural1 necess>y & fundam5tal ,! ,w> has made surprises /ale b 9 ^? remote pre-w> days we 7 enorm\sly />tl$ by ! discov]y ( wireless telegraphy4 ,t communications %\ld pass ?r\gh almo/ inf9ite space )\t sign or s\nd or obvi\s *annel & arrive in/antly at _! de/9ation took away our brea?4 ,we _h ! grace to value ! discov]y = some?+ m ?an its utility2 we 7 aw$ 9 ! pres5ce ( a law :i* _h always be5 !re b 0 only n[ p]ceiv$4 ,9 some?+ ! same way we h be5 electrifi$ by ! discov]y 9 ! fields ( ,france ( h]oism 9 ! brea/ ( e common soldi]4 ,n[1 j su* discov]ies wait u 9 ! field ( education & any m9] 9 ?is field may /rike a ve9 ( ore :i* %all enri* ! _w4 ,! citiz5s ( an anci5t city on ! %ores ( ,g5nes>et made "o ( ^? />tl+ discov]ies & knew h[ to give x a "n2 !y f\nd out t ,*ri/ #8spake ) au?ority' & n z _! scribes4 ,x is n ours to speak ) au?ority2 ! #8v]ily1 v]ily ,i say unto y' is a div9e ^w n = u4 ,nev]!less deput$ au?ority is among u & 9 u4 #8,he is an au?ority' on su* & su* a subject1 is a correct expression because by mu* /udy he has made x 8 own & has a "r to speak4 ,?is deput$ au?ority appe>s to be lodg$ 9 ev]yone1 ready = occasion4 ,mr4 ,b5jam9 ,kidd has told u h[ ! ,london policeman is ! v embodim5t ( au?ority1 implicitly obey$ 9 a way surpris+ to /rang]s4 ,e k+ & comm&]1 e "m1 eld] si/]1 s*ool prefect1 e =eman ( works & capta9 ( games1 f9ds t )9 himself :i* secures fai?ful ob$i5ce1 n = ! sake ( 8 m]its b because au?ority is prop] to 8 (fice4 ,)\t ?is pr9ciple1 society w\ld cease to coh]e4 ,practically !re is no su* ?+ z an>*y2 :at is s-call$ is a m]e transf]5ce ( au?ority1 ev5 if 9 ! la/ resort ! an>*i/ f9d au?ority 9 himself alone4 ,!re is an idea abroad t au?ority makes = tyranny1 & t ob$i5ce1 volunt>y or involunt>y1 is ( ! nature ( slavi%ness2 b au?ority is1 on ! contr>y1 ! condition )\t :i* lib]ty does n exi/ &1 except x be abus$1 is entirely cong5ial to ^? on :om x is ex]cis$3 we are s made t we l to be ord]$ ev5 if ! ord]+ be only t ( circum/ances4 ,s]vants take pride 9 ! ord]s !y receive2 t our badge ( hon\r is an #8,ord]' is a significant use ( words4 ,x is /ill true t #8,ord] is heav5's fir/ law' & ord] is ! outcome ( au?ority4 ,t pr9ciple 9 u :i* br+s u into subjection to au?ority is docility1 tea*abl5ess1 & t also is univ]sal4 ,if a man 9 ! pride ( 8 he>t decl9e o!r au?ority1 he w submit himself slavi%ly to 8 #8/>' or 8 #8de/9y4' ,x w\ld seem t ! ex]cise ( docility is z natural & necess>y z t ( reason or imag9ation2 & ! two pr9ciples ( au?ority & docility act 9 e life precisely z d ^? two elem5tal pr9ciples :i* enable ! e>? to ma9ta9 its orbit1 ! "o draw+ x t[>ds ! sun1 ! o!r z con/antly driv+ x into space2 betwe5 ! two1 ! e>? ma9ta9s a m or less middle c\rse & ! days g on4 ,! same two pr9ciples "w 9 e *ild1 ! "o produc+ ord]$ life1 ! o!r mak+ = rebellion1 & ! crux 9 br++ up *ildr5 is to f9d ! mean :i* %all keep a *ild true to 8 elliptical orbit4 ,! solution (f]$ to-day is fre$om 9 our s*ools2 *ildr5 may be gov]n$ b !y mu/ n be aw>e t !y are gov]n$1 &1 #8,g z y please1' mu/ be ! app>5t rule ( _! lives1 :ile1 #8,d z y're bid1' is ! mov+ =ce4 ,! result ( an ord]$ fre$om is obta9$1 t ord]$ fre$om :i* rules ! lives ( #iii 9 #ajjj ( ! citiz5s ( ! _w2 b ! drawback to an indirect me?od ( secur+ ?is result is t :51 #8,d z y please1' is sub/itut$ =1 #8,d z y're bid1' !re is dissimulation 9 ! air & *ildr5 fail to le>n t habit ( #8pr\d subjection & dignifi$ ob$i5ce' :i* di/+ui%es great m5 & noble citiz5s4 ,no d\bt x is pleas+ t *ildr5 %\ld behave naturally1 %\ld get up & w&] ab\t1 %\ld sit /ill or frolic z !y h a m9d to1 b !y too1 mu/ #8le>n ob$i5ce'2 & x is no small elem5t 9 _! happ9ess & ours t ob$i5ce is bo? delightful & reposeful4 ,x is ! "p ( ! tea*] to secure will+ ob$i5ce1 n s mu* to himself z to ! laws ( ! s*ool & ! claims ( ! matt] 9 h&4 ,if a boy h a passage to read1 he obeys ! call ( t imm$iate duty1 reads ! passage ) att5tion & is happy 9 do+ s4 ,we all "k ) :at a s5se ( add$ importance we say1--8,i mu/ be at ,mrs4 ,jones's by elev540 8,x is necess>y t ,i %\ld see ,br[n40 ,! life t does n obey su* conditions has got out ( its orbit & is n ( use to society4 ,x is necess>y t we %\ld all foll[ an ord]$ c\rse1 & *ildr51 ev5 infant *ildr51 mu/ beg9 9 ! way 9 :i* !y w h to g on4 ,happily !y come to u ) ! two inh]5t =ces1 c5tripetal & c5trifugal1 :i* secure to !m fre$om1 i4e41 self-au?ority1 on ! "o h&1 & #8pr\d subjection' on ! o!r4 ,b p>5ts & ^? :o /& 9 loco p>5tis h a delicate task4 ,!re mu/ be subjection1 b x mu/ be pr\d1 worn z a di/9ction1 an ord] ( m]it4 ,probably ! way to secure ?is is to avoid /&+ betwe5 *ildr5 & ^? laws ( life & conduct by :i* we are all ultimately rul$4 ,! high] ! au?ority1 ! great] di/9ction 9 ob$i5ce1 & *ildr5 are quick to discrim9ate betwe5 ! m]e w & pleasure ( ! arbitr>y tea*] or p>5t & ! *a/5$ au?ority ( him :o is himself "u rule4 ,t subs]vi5ce %\ld take ! place ( docility is ! la/ calamity = nation1 family or s*ool4 ,docility implies equality2 !re is no great gulf fix$ betwe5 tea*] & taught2 bo? are pursu+ ! same ends1 engag$ on ! same !me1 enri*$ by mutual int]e/s2 & probably ! q delightful pursuit ( k af=ds ! only intr9sic lib]ty = bo? tea*] & taught4 8,he is ! freeman :om ! tru? makes free10 & ?is fre$om ! /eady pursuit & delightful acquirem5t ( k af=d to u day by day4 8,! m9d is its own place10 we are told1 8& 9 itself c make a heav5 ( hell1 a hell ( heav502 & t heav5 ( ! m9d1 is x n cont9ual expansion 9 ord]$ fre$om8 ,& t re/less1 burn+1 inflammatory hell1 does x n come ( cont9ual *af+ aga9/ natural & righte\s ord]8 ,z = ! sup]ficial fre$om ( sitt+ or /&+1 go+ or com+1 t is a matt] :i* settles itself1 z d all ! relations betwe5 tea*] & taught1 once *ildr5 are all[$ a due %>e 9 _! own education1 n a b5efit = u to conf] b r a provision = !m to take4 ,our *ief conc]n = ! m9d or = ! body is to supply a well-ord]$ table ) abundant1 appetis+1 n\ri%+ & v v>i$ food1 :i* *ildr5 deal ) 9 _! own way & = !mselves4 ,?is food mu/ be s]v$ au naturel1 )\t ! pr$ige/ion :i* deprives x ( /imulat+ & n\ri%+ prop]ties & no sort ( =cible fe$+ or spoon fe$+ may be practis$4 ,hungry m9ds sit d[n to su* a diet ) ! *>m+ gre$9ess ( little *ildr52 !y absorb x1 assimilate x & gr[ !reby 9 a mann] a/oni%+ to ^? accu/om$ to ! dull pr(itless rum9at+ s (t5 practis$ 9 s*ools4 ,:5 ! tea*] avoids hortatory me?ods1 8 s*ol>s *ange position :5 !y h a m9d to2 b _! m9d is commonly to sit /ill dur+ a lesson "t because !y are s int5t on _! "w t !y h no desire = small divagations2 :ile1 on ! o!r h&1 ! tea*] makes x 8 bus9ess to see t ! body gets its %>e1 & an abundant %>e1 ( gymna/ics :e!r by way ( games or drill4 ,b ?is is a subject well und]/ood 9 mod]n s*ools & x is only necess>y to say t ?\gh m5tal activity promotes bodily functions 9 a surpris+ way--has n an ,am]ican physiologi/ discov]$ t p may live to #afj or #ajjj ye>s 767 if !y cont9ue to use _! m9ds8--a?leticism1 on ! o!r h&1 if unduly pursu$1 by no means promotes m5tal activity4 ,9 days :5 ! conc]n ( educators seems to be to provide an easy option = t m5tal activity1 ! sole condition ( education1 x mu/ be urg$ t manual dext]ity1 g>d5+1 folk-danc+1 & ! l1 :ile !y fulfil _! prop] function 9 tra9+ n]ve & muscle to ready responsiv5ess1 d n su/a9 m9d4 ,nor1 aga91 c we educate *ildr5 ^u ! drama1 ev5 ! ,%akespe>ean drama1 nor ^u poetry1 ev5 ! mo/ musical & emotional4 ,^! ?+s *ildr5 mu/ h2 b !y come into ! _w ) _m relations wait+ to be e/abli%$2 relations ) places f> & ne>1 ) ! wide univ]se1 ) ! pa/ ( hi/ory1 ) ! social economics ( ! pres5t1 ) ! e>? !y live on & all its delightful prog5y ( bea/ & bird1 plant & tree2 ) ! sweet human aff9ities !y ent]$ into at bir?2 ) _! own c\ntry & o!r c\ntries1 &1 above all1 ) t mo/ sublime ( human relation%ips--_! relation to ,god4 ,) su* a programme be=e 8 pupils only ! un9/ruct$ tea*] w put undue emphasis ^u & give undue "t to ari?metic & h&icrafts1 s++ or act+1 or any ( ! hundr$ specifics :i* are pass$ (f z education 9 its entirety4 ,! s5se ( mu/ %\ld be pres5t ) *ildr52 our mi/ake is to act 9 su* a way t !y1 only1 seem to be law-compell$ :ile _! eld]s d z !y please4 ,! p>5t or tea*] :o is pe/]$ = #8leave' to d ?is or t1 contr>y to ! discipl9e ( ! h\se or s*ool1 has only himself to ?ank2 he has pos$ z a p]son 9 au?ority1 n "u au?ority1 & !re=e free to all[ ! brea* ( rules ^: only raison d'tre is t !y m9i/] to ! well-be+ ( ! *ildr54 ,two conditions are necess>y to secure all prop] docility & ob$i5ce &1 giv5 ^! two1 !re is seldom a conflict ( wills betwe5 tea*] & pupils4 ,! conditions are1--! tea*]1 or o!r head1 may n be arbitr>y b mu/ act s evid5tly z "o "u au?ority#af t ! *ildr51 quick to disc]n1 see t he too mu/ d ! ?+s he ought2 & !re=e t regulations are n made = 8 conv5i5ce4 7,i am assum+ t ev]yone entru/$ ) ! br++ up ( *ildr5 recognises ! supreme ,au?ority to ,:om we are subject2 )\t ?is recognition ,i d n see h[ x is possible to e/abli% ! nice relation :i* %\ld exi/ betwe5 tea*] & taught47 ,! o!r condition is t *ildr5 %\ld h a f9e s5se ( ! fre$om :i* comes ( k :i* !y are all[$ to appropriate z !y *oose1 freely giv5 ) little int]v5tion f ! tea*]4 ,!y d *oose & are happy 9 _! "w1 s !re is little opportunity = co]cion or = dead5+1 hortatory talk4 ,b ! pr9ciple ( au?ority1 z well z t ( docility1 is inh]5t 9 *ildr5 & x is only z ! tact & judgm5t ( ! tea*] make opportunity = its free play t !y are prep>$ = ! duties ( life z citiz5s & memb]s ( a family4 ,! movem5t 9 fav\r ( prefects1 z 9 ,public ,s*ools1 is a recognition ( ?is fact & x is well t *ildr5 %\ld become famili> ) ! idea ( repres5tative au?ority1 t is1 t !y are gov]n$ by *os5 memb]s ( _! own body1 a =m ( self-gov]nm5t4 ,to give effect to ! idea1 ! prefect %\ld be elect$ & *ildr5 %ew extraord9>y insight 9 *oos+ ! "r (fic]s4 ,b t is n en\gh because only a few are set 9 au?ority2 c]ta9 small (fices %\ld be held 9 rotation by e memb] ( a class4 ,! (fice makes ! man z mu* z ! man makes ! (fice & x is surpris+ h[ well r incompet5t *ildr5 w p]=m duties laid on !m4 ,all s*ool "w %\ld be conduct$ 9 su* a mann] t *ildr5 are aw>e ( ! responsibility ( le>n+2 x is _! bus9ess to "k t :i* has be5 taught4 ,to ?is end ! subject matt] %\ld n be repeat$4 ,we ourselves d n att5d to ! matt]s 9 our daily pap] :i* we "k we %all meet ) aga9 9 a weekly review1 nor to t if !re is a mon?ly review 9 prospect2 ^! repeat$ aids result 9 our be+ p]sons ( w&]+ att5tion & feeble memory4 ,to all[ repetition ( a lesson is to %ift ! responsibility = x f ! %\ld]s ( ! pupil to ^? ( ! tea*] :o says1 9 effect1--8,i'll see t y "k x10 s 8 pupils make no ef=t ( att5tion4 ,?us ! same /ale /uff is repeat$ aga9 & aga9 & ! *ildr5 get bor$ & re/ive1 ready = pranks by way ( a *ange4 ,tea*]s are apt to slight _! high (fice & h9d] ! processes ( education because !y *]i% two or ?ree fallacies4 ,!y reg>d *ildr5 z inf]ior1 !mselves z sup]ior1 be+s2--:y else _! (fice8 ,b if !y recogniz$ t ! pot5cy ( *ildr5's m9ds is z great or great] ?an t ( _! own1 !y w\ld n conceive t spoon-fe$+ 0 _! mission1 or t !y mu/ ma/icate a morsel ( k to make x prop] = ! feeble dige/ion ( ! s*ol>4 ,we depreciate *ildr5 9 ano!r way4 ,we are conv9c$ t !y _c und]/& a lit]>y vocabul>y s we expla9 & p>aphrase to our own he>t's cont5t b n to !irs4 ,educat$ mo!rs "k t _! *ildr5 c read any?+ & d n (f] explanations unless !y are ask$ = !m2 & we h tak5 x = grant$ t ?is quickness ( appreh5sion comes only to ! *ildr5 ( educat$ p>5ts4 ,ano!r misappreh5sion :i* makes = disord] is our way ( reg>d+ att5tion4 ,we believe t x is to be cultivat$1 nurs$1 coddl$1 woo$ by p]suasion1 by dramatic pres5tation1 by pictures & illu/rative objects3 9 fact1 ! tea*]1 ! success ( ^: "w dep5ds ^u 8 #8p]sonality1' is an actor ( no mean p[] ^: p]=mance w\ld adorn any /age4 ,att5tion1 we "k1 is n a #8faculty' nor a def9able p[] ( m9d b is ! ability to turn on e su* p[]1 to conc5trate1 z we say4 ,we ?r[ away lab\r 9 attempt+ to produce or to tra9 ?is necess>y function4 ,!re x is 9 e *ild 9 full measure1 a v ,niag>a ( =ce1 ready to be turn$ on 9 ob$i5ce to ! *ild's own au?ority & capable ( inf9ite resi/ance to au?ority impos$ f )\t4 ,our "p is to reg>d att5tion1 too1 z an appetite & to fe$ x ) ! be/ we h 9 books & 9 all k4 ,b *ildr5 d x #8on _! own'2 we may n play ,sir ,oracle any m2 our k is too circumscrib$1 our diction too poor1 vague1 desultory1 to cope ) ! ability ( "y creatures :o ?ir/ = k4 ,we mu/ put into _! h&s ! s\rces :i* we mu/ ne$s use = ourselves1 ! be/ books ( ! be/ writ]s4 ,i w m5tion only "o m disability :i* h9d]s u 9 our "w z tea*]s2 ,i mean t depreciation ( k :i* is j n[ *>act]i/ic ( ,engli%m54 ,a well-kn[n educationali/ lately nail$ up ! !sis t :at *ildr5 want 9 ! way ( k is j two ?+s1--,h[ to d ! "w by :i* !y mu/ e>n _! liv+ & h[ to behave z citiz5s4 ,?is writ] does n see t "w is done & duties p]=m$ 9 ! ratio ( ! p]son :o works3 ! m ! man is z a p]son1 ! m valuable w be 8 "w & ! m dep5dable 8 conduct3 yet we omit f popul> education t t9cture ( humane lett]s :i* makes = effici5cy6 ,"o he>s1 = in/ance1 ( an adolesc5t s*ool ) "s n9e ?\s& pupils :o come 9 bat*es ( a few hundr$s1 ea* bat* to le>n "o or o!r ( a score or s ( admirable crafts & accompli%m5ts2 b n "o h\r is sp5t 9 a ?ree or f\r ye>s' c\rse 9 ?is p's univ]sity on any sort ( humane k1 9 any read+ or ?9k+ :i* %\ld make ! pupils bett] m5 & wom5 & bett] citiz5s4 ,to return to our me?od ( employ+ att5tion2 x is n a casual matt]1 a conv5i5t1 almo/ miracul\s way ( cov]+ ! gr\nd1 ( gett+ *ildr5 to "k c]ta9ly & la/+ly a surpris+ am\nt2 all ?is is to ! good1 b x is some?+ m1 a root pr9ciple vital to education4 ,9 ?is way ( le>n+ ! *ild comes to 8 own2 he makes use ( ! au?ority :i* is 9 him 9 its highe/ function z a self-comm&+1 self-compell+1 p[]4 ,x is delightful to use any p[] t is 9 u if only t ( keep+ up 9 cup & ball a hundr$ times z 7to ! delight ( small nephews & nieces71 ,jane ,au/5 did4 ,b to make y\rself att5d1 make y\rself "k1 ?is inde$ is to come into a k+dom1 all ! m satisfy+ to *ildr5 because !y are s made t !y revel 9 k4 ,"h is "s notice ( a day or two sp5t 9 ,london by a *ild ( elev5 :i* rea*es me z ,i write3-- 8,"m took h] to ,we/m9/] ,abbey "o aft]noon & :ile ,i 0 see+ h] to b$ %e told me all ! ?+s %e _h notic$ !re :i* !y _h be5 he>+ ab\t 9 #8ar*itecture' ?is t]m4 ,%e loves #8ar*itecture4' ,%e also express$ h] anxiety to make acqua9tance ) ! ,briti% ,museum & see ! ?+s !re t !y _h be5 #8hav+' 9 _! t]m's "w4 ,s ! next morn+ we w5t !re & /udi$ ! ,p>!non ,room 9 great detail4 ,%e 0 a mo/ int]e/+ companion & taught me ev] s mu*6 ,we also w5t to ,/4 ,paul's & ,madame ,tussaud's :]e %e 0 delight$ to see s _m p out ( #8hi/ory4' ,! mod]n p did n int]e/ h] s mu* except ,jack ,cornwell & ,nurse ,cavell40 ,x w be notic$ t ! *ild is educat+ h]self2 h] fri5ds m]ely take h] to see ! ?+s %e kn[s ab\t & %e tells :at %e has read1 a q diff]5t matt] f ! act ( p\r+ in=mation d[n ! ?roats ( ! unhappy *ildr5 :o are tak5 to visit our national treasure h\ses4 ,a %ort "t ago :5 ! ,k+ & ,que5 paid a private visit to ! ,briti% ,museum1 9 ! next hall1 also1 no d\bt1 exam9+ ! ,p>!non ,room1 7 a gr\p ( *ildr5 f a ,london ,c\nty ,c\ncil ,s*ool1 z full ( in=mation & int]e/ z ! *ild above m5tion$ because !y _h be5 do+ ! same "w4 ,x 0 n a small ?+ = ^? *ildr5 to "k t _! int]e/s & delights 7 common to !m & _! ,sov]eigns4 ,( su* /r&s are =m$ ! cord :i* b9ds society2 & "o ( ! ma9 purposes ( a #8lib]al education = all' is to =m l9ks betwe5 high & l[1 ri* & poor1 ! classes & ! masses1 9 ! /rong sympa?y ( common k4 ,! ,public ,s*ools h arriv$ at ?is ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! classics2 an occasional #8tag' f ,horace moves & unites ! ,h\se ( ,commons1 n only ?r\gh ! urbane ?\ght ( ! poet b because x is a key to a hundr$ associations4 ,if ?is has be5 effect$ ?r\gh ! m$ium ( a dead language1 :at may we n hope = 9 ! way ( common ?\ght1 univ]sal spr+s ( action1 convey$ ?r\gh our own ri* & inspir+ lit]ature8 ,consid] :at ?is p[] ( p]fect att5tion & absolute recollection %\ld be to e employ] & *ief1 :at an asset to ! nation6 ,i he>d ?is week ( a ,colonel :o said t 8 be/ subalt]n 0 an old 8,p4,u4,s40 7,p>5ts' ,union ,s*ool7 boy2 & ?is sort ( evid5ce rea*es u cont9ually4 ,!re are few :o d n "k ! mis*iev\s & baffl+ effects ( inatt5tion & =getfulness on ! "p ( subord9ates2 & we visualize a _w ( surpris+ a*ievem5t :5 *ildr5 %all h be5 tra9$ to quick appreh5sion & ret5tion ( in/ructions4 ,we may n pose be=e *ildr51 nor pride ourselves on dutiful gett+ up ( k 9 ord] to deliv] x z emanat+ f ourselves4 ,!re are ^? :o h a "r to lecture1 ^? :o h devot$ a life-"t to "s "o subject ab\t :i* !y h p]haps writt5 _! book4 ,lectures f su* p]sons are1 no d\bt1 z full ( insight1 imag9ation & p[] z are _! writt5 works2 b we _c h a score ( su* lectur]s 9 e s*ool1 ea* to elucidate 8 own subject1 nor1 if we c\ld1 w\ld x be good = ! *ildr54 ,! p]sonality ( ! tea*] w\ld influ5ce !m to di/raction f ! delight 9 k :i* is itself a suffici5t & compell+ =ce to secure p]fect att5tion1 & seemly discipl9e4 ,i am n figur+ an #8,ere:on1' "s ,utopia ( our dreams2 we ( ! ,p4,n4,e4,u4 seem to h let loose a =ce capable ( s5d+ =? "y p firm ) ! resolve-- 8,i w n cease f m5tal /rife ,nor %all my sword sleep 9 my h& ,till we h built ,j]usalem ,9 ,engl&'s gre5 & pleasant l&40 ,practically all s*ools are do+ wond]s4 ,! s*oolma/] is abroad 9 ! l& & we are educat+ #8our ma/]s' ) imm5se zeal & self-devotion4 ,:at we h reason to deplore is t aft] "s eight or twelve ye>s' brilliant tea*+ 9 s*ool1 ! c9ema %[ & ! football field1 polo or golf1 satisfy ! ne$s ( our =m] pupils to :atev] class !y belong4 ,we are fill$ ) compassion :5 we detect ! lifeless h& or leg1 ! artificial nose or jaw1 t _m a man has br\ght home z a consequ5ce ( ! ,w>4 ,b _m ( our "y m5 & wom5 g ab\t m s]i\sly maim$ ?an ^!4 ,!y are devoid ( intellectual int]e/s1 hi/ory & poetry are )\t *>m = !m1 ! sci5tific "w ( ! day is only slightly int]e/+1 _! #8job' & ! social am5ities !y c secure are all t _! life has = !m4 ,! maim$ exi/5ce 9 :i* a man goes on f day to day )\t ei!r n\ri%+ or us+ 8 intellect1 is caus+ anxiety to ^? int]e/$ 9 education1 :o "k t aft] religion x is our *ief conc]n1 is1 inde$1 ! necess>y h&maid ( religion4 ,,*apt] ,v ,,! ,,sacr$ness ,,( ,,p]sonality ,^! pr9ciples 7i4e41 au?ority & docility7 are limit$ by ! respect due to ! p]sonality ( *ildr5 :i* may n be encroa*$ ^u :e!r by ! direct use ( fe> or love1 sugge/ion or influ5ce1 or by undue play ^u any "o natural desire4 ,p are too apt to use *ildr5 z c\nt]s 9 a game1 to be mov$ hi!r & ?i!r accord+ to ! :im ( ! mom5t4 ,our cry+ ne$ to-day is less = a bett] me?od ( education ?an = an adequate conception ( *ildr51--*ildr51 m]ely z human be+s1 :e!r brilliant or dull1 precoci\s or backw>d4 ,exceptional qualities take c>e ( !mselves & s does ! #8want+' intellig5ce1 & bo? ( ^! %>e ) ! re/ 9 all t is claim$ = !m 9 ! previ\s *apt]s4 ,our bus9ess is to f9d out h[ great a my/]y a p]son is qu p]son4 ,all action comes out ( ! ideas we hold & if we pond] duly ^u p]sonality we %all come to p]ceive t we _c commit a great] (f5ce ?an to maim or cru%1 or subv]t any "p ( a p]son4 ,we h _m +5i\s1 n to say affectionate1 ways ( do+ ?is1 all ( !m m or less bas$ ^u t egoism :i* p]suades u t 9 proportion to a *ild's dep5d5ce is our sup]iority1 t all we d = him is ( our grace & fav\r1 & t we h a "r1 :e!r z p>5ts or tea*]s1 to d :at we w ) our own4 ,h we consid]$ t 9 ! ,div9e e/imate ! *ild's e/ate is high] ?an ours2 t x is ours to 8become z little *ildr510 r ?an !irs to become z gr[n m5 & wom52 t ! rules we receive = ! br++ up ( *ildr5 are = ! mo/ "p negative8 ,we may n despise !m1 or h9d] !m1 78suff] little *ildr5071 or (f5d !m by our bruti% clums9ess ( action & want ( s]i\s ?\ght2 :ile ! "o positive precept af=d$ to u is 8fe$0 7:i* %\ld be r5d]$ #8pa/ure'7 8my lambs10 place !m 9 ! mid/ ( abundant food4 ,a tea*] 9 a ,york%ire ,c\ncil ,s*ool r5d]s ?is precept z1--8,i _h left !m 9 ! pa/ure & came back & f\nd !m fe$+10 t is1 %e _h left a big class read+ a giv5 lesson & f\nd !m on h] return /ill read+ ) eag]ness & satisfaction4 ,maxima rev]5tia debetur pu]is has a wid] mean+ ?an x g5]ally receives4 ,we take x z mean+ t we %\ld n d or say any?+ unseemly be=e ! "y1 b does x n also include a pr(\nd & rev]5t /udy ( ! prop]ties & possibilities pres5t 9 a *ild8 ,nor ne$ we be al>m$ at s wide a programme4 ,! vice :i* h9d]s u 9 ! br++ up ( *ildr5 is t s heavily c5sur$ 9 ! ,gospel4 ,we are n simple2 we act our p>ts & play 9 an unlawful way ^u motives4 ,p]haps aft] all ! lea/ repreh5sible p$agogic motive is t :i* is mo/ condemn$ & ! t]rorism ( #8,mr4 ,creakle' may produce a grey record 9 comp>ison ) ! blackness ( m subtle me?ods ( und]m9+ p]sonality4 ,we c only t\* ^u a few ( ^!1 b a "p may /& = ! :ole4 ,= ! action ( fe> z a gov]n+ motive we _c d bett] ?an read aga9 our ,david ,copp]field 7a great educational treatise7 & /udy #8,mr4 ,creakle' 9 detail = t]rorism 9 ! s*oolroom & #8,mr4 ,murd/one' = ! same vice 9 ! home4 ,b1--is x ?r\gh ! influ5ce ( ,dick5s8--fe> is no long] ! ackn[l$g$ basis ( s*ool discipl9e2 we h me?ods m subtle ?an ! m]e t]rors ( ! law4 ,love is "o ( ^!4 ,! p]son ( w9n+ p]sonality attracts 8 pupils 7or h]s7 :o w d any?+ = 8 sake & are fond & eag] 9 all _! ways1 docile to t po9t :]e p]sonality is subm]g$1 & !y live on ! smiles1 p]i% on ! av]t$ looks1 ( ! ador$ tea*]4 ,p>5ts look on ) a smile & ?9k t all is well2 b ,bob or ,m>y is los+ t gr[+ "t :i* %\ld make a self-dep5d5t1 self-ord]$ p]son1 & is day by day becom+ a p>asite :o c g only z he is c>ri$1 ! easy prey ( fanatic or demagogue4 ,?is sort ( encroa*m5t ^u ! love ( *ildr5 (f]s z a motive1 #8d ?is = my sake'2 wrong is to be avoid$ le/ x grieve ! tea*]1 good is to be done to pleasure him2 = ?is end a boy le>ns 8 lessons1 behaves prop]ly1 %[s good w1 produces a :ole catalogue ( s*oolboy virtues & yet 8 "* is be+ und]m9$4 #8,sugge/ion' goes to "w m subtly4 ,! tea*] has ma/]$ ! gamut ( motives :i* play ^u human nature & e sugge/ion is aim$ at "o or o!r ( ^!4 ,he may n use ! nurs]y sugge/ions ( lollipops or bogies b he does 9 reality employ ^! if express$ 9 m spiritual values1 sugge/ions subtly appli$ to ! idiosyncrasies ( a giv5 *ild4 #8,sugge/ion' is too subtle to be illu/rat$ ) advantage3 ,dr4 ,/eph5 ,paget holds t x %\ld be us$ only z a surgeon uses an an/hetic2 b x is an in/rum5t easy to h&le1 & unconsid]$ sugge/ion plays on a *ild's m9d z ! w9ds on a wea!rcock4 8,un/able z wat]1 ?\ %alt n excel0 is ! un=tunate *ild's doom2 = h[ is x possible = /ability ( m9d & "* to evolve "u a cont9ual play ( *ang+ sugge/ions8 ,b ?is x w be said is true ( ! unconsid]$ sugge/ion4 ,:at ( a c>efully laid tra91 all lead+ 9 ! same direction1 to produce p]sev]ance1 frankness1 c\rage1 any o!r excell5t virtue8 ,! *ild is ev5 worse (f 9 su* a case4 ,t p>ticul> virtue becomes dete/able2 no o!r virtue is invit+2 & he is acquir+ no /r5g? to /& alone b waits 9 all 8 do+s = prompt+s f )\t4 ,p]haps ! grave/ dang] att5d+ ?is practice is t e sugge/ion receiv$ lays ! p]son op5 to ! next & ! next4 ,a due respect = ! p]sonality ( *ildr5 & a dread ( mak+ !m incompet5t to conduct _! own lives w make u *>y ( employ+ a means s dang]\s1 no matt] h[ good ! imm$iate end4 ,ak9 to sugge/ion is influ5ce1 :i* acts n s mu* by well-direct$ ^w or incit+ action z by a sort ( atmosph]e proce$+ f ! tea*] & envelop+ ! taught4 ,late 9 ! la/ c5tury goody-goody books 7 writt5 ab\t ! beauty ( influ5ce1 ! duty ( influ5ce1 ! /udy ( ! means ( influ5ce1 & *ildr5 7 br\ght up ) ! notion t to influ5ce o!r p]sons consci\sly 0 a moral duty4 ,no d\bt su* influ5ce is inevitable2 we mu/ ne$s affect "o ano!r1 n s mu* by :at we d or say z by t :i* we are1 & s f> influ5ce is natural & :olesome4 ,we imbibe x f p]sons real & imag9>y & we are kept /rong & upright by curr5ts & c\nt]-curr5ts ( un/udi$ influ5ce4 ,sup95ess be=e a s+le1 /eady1 p]si/5t influ5ce is a diff]5t matt]1 & ! s*oolgirl :o idolises h] mi/ress1 ! boy :o wor%ips 8 ma/]1 is depriv$ ( ! *ance ( free & indep5d5t liv+4 ,8 p]sonality fails to develop & he goes into ! _w z a p>asitic plant1 cl++ ev] to ! support ( "s /rong] "*4 ,s f> we h consid]$ incid5tal ways ( trespass+ ^u ^? rights ( p]sonality prop] to *ildr51 b we h m p]vasive1 if less injuri\s1 ways ( /ultify+ intellectual & moral gr[?4 ,our s*ool e?ic re/s ^u1 our s*ool discipl9e is support$ by1 undue play ^u c]ta9 natural desires4 ,x is wor? :ile to reflect t ! m9d also has its appetites1 bett] kn[n z desires4 ,x is z necess>y t ,m9d %\ld be f$1 %\ld gr[ & %\ld produce1 z t ^! ?+s %\ld happ5 to ,body1 & j z ,body w\ld n take ! tr\ble to fe$ itself if x nev] became hungry1 s ,m9d also w\ld n take 9 t :i* x ne$s if x 7 n t c]ta9 ,desires require to be satisfi$4 ,!re=e s*oolma/]s d n amiss 9 bas+ _! practice ^u ! ,desires ^: v function appe>s to be to br+ n\ri%m5t to ,m9d4 ,:]e we tea*]s err is 9 /imulat+ ! wrong ,desires to accompli% our end4 ,!re is ! desire ( approbation :i* ev5 an infant %[s1 he is n happy unless "m or nurse approve ( him4 ,lat] ?is same desire helps him to conqu] a sum1 climb a hill1 br+ home a good report f s*ool1 & all ?is is gri/ to ! mill1 k to ! m9d2 because ! p]sons ^: approbation is wor? hav+ c>e t he %\ld le>n & "k1 conqu] idl5ess1 & get habits ( /eady "w1 s t 8 m9d may be z duly n\ri%$ e day z is 8 body4 ,alas = ! vanity t att5ds ?is desire ( approbation1 t makes ! boy m solicit\s = ! gr9 ( ! /able-boy ?an = ! approval ( 8 ma/]6 ,nay1 ?is desire = approval may get su* possession ( him t he ?9ks ( no?+ else2 he mu/ h approval :e!r f ! wor?less or ! virtu\s4 ,x is suppos$ t outbreaks ( viol5ce1 robb]y1 assass9ations1 occur at times = ! m]e sake ( infamy1 j z de$s ( h]oism are done = ! sake ( fame4 ,bo? infamy & fame mean be+ ?\ght ab\t & talk$ ab\t by a l>ge numb] ( p2 & we "k h[ ?is natural desire is work$ by ! daily press2 h[ we get1 n[ a film actress1 n[ a burgl>1 a spy1 a h]o1 or a sci5ti/ set be=e u to be our admiration & our praise4 ,emulation1 ! desire ( excell+1 works wond]s 9 ! h&s ( ! s*oolma/]2 &1 inde$1 ?is natural desire is an amaz+ spur to ef=t1 bo? intellectual & moral4 ,:5 9 pursuit ( virtue two or a score are #8emul\sly rapid 9 ! race1' a s*ool acquires a #8good tone' & p>5ts are ju/ifi$ 9 ?9k+ x ! "r place = _! boy4 ,9 ! intellectual field1 h[ev]1 !re is dang]2 & no?+ worse c\ld h happ5$ to our s*ools ?an ! sy/em ( m>ks1 prizes1 place-tak+1 by :i* _m ( !m are practically gov]n$4 ,a boy is s tak5 up ) ! desire to =ge ahead t !re is no "t to ?9k ( any?+ else4 ,:at he le>ns is n int]e/+ to him2 he works to get 8 remove4 ,b emulation does n /& alone z ,viceg]5t 9 our s*ools2 ano!r natural desire ^: unv>ni%$ "n is av>ice lab\rs = good gov]nm5t & s-call$ progress *eek by j[l ) emulation4 8,he mu/ get a s*ol>%ip10--is ! duty ( a small boy ev5 be=e he goes to s*ool1 & inde$ = good & suffici5t reasons4 ,sometimes ! sons ( ri* p>5ts c>ry (f ^! prizes b z a rule !y fall to ^? = :om !y are int5d$1 ! sons ( educat$ p>5ts 9 r /rait5$ circum/ances1 sons ( ! cl]gy1 = example4 ,! s*ol>%ip sy/em is no m ?an a means ( di/ribut+ ! va/ weal? left by b5efactors 9 ! pa/ = ?is p>ticul> purpose4 ,e ,gramm> ,s*ool has its own s*ol>%ips2 ! ,univ]sities h op5 s*ol>%ips & burs>ies (t5 ( consid]able value2 & a free1 or p>tially free1 education is op5 to ! majority ( ! y\? ( ! upp] middle class on "o condition1 t ( bra9s4 ,x is small wond] t e ,gramm> & ,public ,s*ool bases its curriculum ^u ^! conditions1 kn[s exactly :at /&>d ( m]it w secure ! #8,ha/+s1' kn[s ! boys :o h a *ance1 & ord]s _! v /r5u\s "w t[>ds ! end 9 view4 ,x is h>d to say :at bett] c\ld be done & yet ?is delib]ate cult ( cupidity is disa/r\s2 = !re is no d\bt t "h & !re we come ^u impov]i%m5t ( p]sonality due to enfeebl$ intellectual life2 ! boy did n le>n to delight 9 k 9 8 s*ooldays & ! man is %all[ 9 m9d & :imsical 9 judgm5t4 ,x is hopeless to make w> f )\t on a sy/em :i* af=ds v effectual help 9 ! education ( boys :o are likely lat] to become ( s]vice to ! c\ntry2 b ,brita9 mu/ make ! mo/ ( h] sons & _m ( ^! m5 are capable ( be+ m ?an !y are4 ,x is f )9 ! s*ools t help mu/ come & ! way is fairly obvi\s4 ,mo/ s*ools give f elev5 9 ! l[e/ to eight h\rs 9 ! highe/ ,=ms to #8,engli%' t is1 f tw5ty to sixte5 consecutive read+s a week might be af=d$ 9 a wide selection ( books1--lit]ature1 hi/ory1 economics1 etc41--books read ) ! conc5trat$ att5tion :i* makes a s+le read+ suffice4 ,! act ( n>rat+ :at has be5 read might well be useful to boys :o %\ld be prep>$ = public speak+4 ,by a slight alt]ation ( ?is k9d1 9 proc$ure r ?an 9 curriculum or "t-table1 x is probable t our s*ools w\ld turn out _m m well-read1 well-in=m$ m5 & conv9c+ speak]s ?an !y d at pres5t4 ,su* a me?od1 ev5 if appli$ to #8,engli%' only1 w\ld t5d to correct any t5d5cy 9 s*ools to become m]e cramm+ places = exam9ations1 w\ld infect boys ) a love ( k & %\ld div]t ! natural desire = acquisition into a new *annel1 = few ?+s are m delightful ?an ! acquisition ( k4 ,we ne$ n delay ov] t desire ( p[]1 ambition1 :i* plays its "p 9 e life2 b ! educator mu/ see t x plays no m ?an its "p4 ,p[] is good 9 proportion z x gives opportunities = s]v+2 b x is mis*iev\s 9 boy or man :5 ! pleasure ( rul+1 manag+1 becomes a def9ite spr+ ( action4 ,l ea* ( ! o!r natural desires1 t = p[] may ru9 a life t x is all[$ to ma/]2 ambition is ! cause ( half ! disa/]s "u :i* mank9d suff]s4 ,! ambiti\s boy or man w\ld z soon lead 8 fell[s 9 riot & disord] z 9 noble ef=t 9 a good cause2 & :o c say h[ f> ! lab\r unre/ "u :i* we suff] is inspir$ & inflam$ by ambiti\s m5 :o want to rule if only = ! imm$iate intoxication ( r\s+ & lead+ m58 ,x is a f9e ?+ to say ( a multitude ( m51--8,i c w9d !m r\nd my little f+]02 & ! mu*-burd5$ ,head ( a s*ool mu/ ne$s bew>e6 ,if ! able1 ambiti\s fell[ be all[$ to manage ! re/1 he *eats !m out ( _! fair %>e ( manag+ _! own lives2 no boy %\ld be all[$ to wax feeble to make ano!r great2 ! h>m to ! ambiti\s boy himself mu/ be consid]$ too1 le/ he become an ignoble1 manuvr+ p]son4 ,x is )9 a tea*]'s scope to (f] :olesome ambitions to a boy1 to make him ke5 to ma/] k r ?an manage m52 & "h he has a wide field )\t encroa*+ on ano!r's pres]ve4 ,ano!r desire :i* may well be made to play into ! s*oolma/]'s h&s is t ( society1 a desire :i* has mu* to d ) ! mak+ ( ! naughty boys1 idle y\?s & silly wom5 ( our acqua9tance4 ,x is %e] delight to mix ) our fell[s1 b mu* dep5ds on :om we take = our fell[s & :y2 & "h "y p may be help$ by f+]-po/s4 ,if !y are s taught t k delights !m1 !y w *oose companions :o %>e t pleasure4 ,9 ?is way pr9ces are tra9$2 !y mu/ "k some?+ ( botany to talk ) botani/s1 ( hi/ory to meet ) hi/orians2 !y _c af=d to be 9 ! company ( sci5ti/s1 adv5tur]s1 poets1 pa9t]s1 philan?ropi/s or economi/s1 & !mselves be able to d no m ?an #8*ange ! wea!r & pass ! "t ( day'2 !y mu/ "k mod]n languages to be at home ) m5 ( o!r c\ntries1 & anci5t tongues to be famili> ) classical allusions4 ,su* consid]ations rule ! education ( pr9ces1 & e boy has a pr9cely "r to be br\ght up s t he may hold 8 own 9 good society1 t is1 ! society ( ^? :o #8"k4' ,we he> compla9ts ( ! ca/-iron sy/em ( ,briti% society2 b h[ mu* ( x is due to ! ignorance :i* makes x only possible to m5 & wom5 to talk to ^? ( _! own clique1 soldi]s ) soldi]s1 s*oolma/]s & s*oolboys ) _! k9d8 ,! boy :o wants to be able to talk to p :o #8"k' has no unwor?y motive = work+4 ,we h consid]$ ! sev]al desires ^: function is to /imulate ! m9d & save u f t vis in]ti :i* is our besett+ dang]4 ,ea* su* desire has its place b ! results are disa/r\s if any "o %\ld dom9ate4 ,x s happ5s t ! la/ desire we h to consid]1 ! desire ( k1 is commonly depriv$ ( its prop] function 9 our s*ools by ! pr$om9ance ( o!r spr+s ( action1 especially ( emulation1 ! desire ( place1 & av>ice1 ! desire ( weal?1 tangible pr(it4 ,?is div9e curiosity is recognis$ 9 ord9>y life *iefly z a desire to "k trivial ?+s4 ,:at did x co/8 ,:at did %e say8 ,:o 0 ) him8 ,:]e are !y go+8 ,h[ _m po/age /amps 9 a l9e w\ld g r\nd ! _w8 ,& curiosity is satisfi$ by incoh]5t1 scrappy in=mation :i* s]ves no purpose1 assur$ly n ! purpose ( k ^: function is to n\ri% ! m9d z food n\ri%es ! body4 ,b s besott$ is our educational ?\ght t we believe *ildr5 reg>d k r z repulsive m$ic9e ?an z invit+ food4 ,h5ce our dep5d5ce on m>ks & prizes1 a?letics1 allur+ pres5tation1 any jam we c devise to disguise ! p[d]4 ,! man :o wilfully goes on crut*es has feeble incompet5t legs2 he :o *ooses to g bl9dfold has eyes t _c be> ! sun2 he :o lives on pap-meat has weak dige/ive p[]s1 & he ^: m9d is su/a9$ by ! crut*es ( emulation & av>ice loses t "o /imulat+ p[] :i* is suffici5t = 8 intellectual ne$s4 ,?is atrophy ( ! desire ( k is ! p5alty our s*ol>s pay because we h *os5 to make !m "w = inf]ior ends4 ,our "y m5 & maid5s d n read unless ) ! /imulus ( a =?com+ exam9ation4 ,!y are good-natur$ & pleasant b h no wide range ( ?\ght1 l(ty purpose1 little ( ! magnanimity :i* is prop] = a citiz54 ,great ?\ghts & great actions are /range to !m1 ?\gh ! possibility is /ill !re & !y may yet %ew 9 peace su* action z we h se5 & wond]$ at dur+ ! ,w>4 ,b we _c always educate by means ( a great w>2 ! p5alties are too heavy = human nature to endure = long4 ,!re=e ! /imuli to greatness1 magnanimity1 :i* ! w> af=d$ we mu/ produce 9 ! ord9>y c\rse ( education4 ,b k is delectable4 ,we h all ! #8satiable curiosity' ( ,mr4 ,kipl+'s ,elephant ev5 :5 we cont5t ourselves ) ! brok5 meats flung by ! daily press4 ,k is to u z our "m's milk1 we gr[ !reby & 9 ! act ( suck+ are admirably cont5t4 ,! "w ( education is greatly simplifi$ :5 we realize t *ildr51 app>5tly all *ildr51 want to "k all human k2 !y h an appetite = :at is put be=e !m1 &1 kn[+ ?is1 our tea*+ becomes buoyant ) ! c\rage ( our convictions4 ,we "k h[ ,ri*elieu %ut up colleges ?r\gh\t ,france1 bo? ,jesuit & secul>1 89 ord] to prev5t ! mania ( ! poor = educat+ _! *ildr5 :i* di/racts !m f ! pursuits ( trade & w>40 ,?is mania exi/s ) u1 n only 9 ! p>5ts b 9 ! *ildr51 ! mania ( hungry s\ls clam\r+ = meat1 & we *oke !m (f1 n by %utt+ up s*ools & colleges1 b by (f]+ matt] :i* no liv+ s\l c dige/4 ,! compla9ts made by tea*]s & *ildr5 ( ! monotony ( ! "w 9 our s*ools is full ( pa?os & all cr$it to ^? tea*]s :o *e] ! we>y pa? by ent]ta9+ devices4 ,b m9d does n live & gr[ ^u ent]ta9m5t2 x requires its solid meals4 ,! ,gl\ce/]%ire tea*]s1 "u ,mr4 ,h\sehold's direction1 h ent]$ s fully into ! pr9ciples impli$ 9 ! me?od1 t ,i am tempt$ to illu/rate l>gely f _! exp]i5ce4#ag ,b !y by no means /& alone4 ,hundr$s ( o!r tea*]s h ! same exp]i5ces & describe !m z opportunity (f]s4 ,! f9d+ ( ?is p[] :i* is describ$ z #8s5s+ a passage1' is z ! /rik+ ( a ve9 ( gold 9 t fabul\sly ri* c\ntry1 human nature4 ,our #8f9d' is t *ildr5 h a natural aptitude = lit]>y expression :i* !y enjoy 9 he>+ or read+ & employ 9 tell+ or writ+4 ,we might h guess$ ?is long ago4 ,all ^? spee*es & say+s ( untam$ w>riors & savage pot5tates :i* ! hi/orians h pres]v$ = u1 critics h decl9$ z %[+ too mu* cultivat$ rhetoric to h be5 possible = any b highly educat$ p]sons4 ,b ! "t is com+ :5 we %all p]ceive t only m9ds l ^? ( *ildr5 are capable ( produc+ ?\ghts s fre% & s f9ely express$4 ,?is natural aptitude = lit]ature1 or1 %all we say1 rhetoric1 :i* ov]comes ! disabilities ( a poor vocabul>y )\t ef=t1 %\ld direct ! mann] ( in/ruction we give1 rul+ out ! talky-talky ( ! oral lesson & ! lecture2 rul+ out1 equally1 compilations & text-books2 & plac+ books 9 ! h&s ( *ildr5 & only ^? :i* are m or less lit]>y 9 "* t is1 :i* h ! t]s5ess & vividness prop] to lit]>y "w4 ,! natural desire = k does ! re/ & ! *ildr5 fe$ & gr[4 ,x mu/ be borne 9 m9d t 9 proportion z o!r desires are /imulat$ t ( k is suppress$4 ,! tea*] :o proposes m>ks & places z wor?y aims w get "w c]ta9ly b he w get no heal?y love ( k = its own sake & no provision aga9/ ! ennui ( lat] days4 ,! monotony ,i h spok5 ( att5ds all "w prompt$ by ! /imuli ( m>ks & places2 su* "w becomes me*anical1 & !re is h>dly en\gh ( x prep>$ to la/ ?r\gh ! c\rse ( a boy's s*ool life4 ,! ma/] ( a ,prep>atory ,s*ool rem>ks1--8,x mu/ be a well-kn[n fact 7,i am n speak+ ( ! exceptional b ( ! av]age boy7 t new boys are plac$ too l[4 ,we f9d--x is a common exp]i5ce--t if we s5d up a boy :e!r he be a good ma!matician1 a good classic1 a good ,engli% s*ol> or a good l+ui/1 a c\ple ( ye>s w pass by be=e he is do+ at ! ,public ,s*ool ! "w he 0 do+ :5 he left u40 ,! ,public ,s*oolma/] makes ! same sort ( compla9t2 he says1 t 8,at tw5ty ! boy is climb+ ! same pe>-tree t he climb$ at twelve10 t is to say1 "w :i* is done 9 view ( exam9ations mu/ be ( ! r n>r[ me*anical k9d ^u :i* x is possible to set que/ions & m>k answ]s ) absolute fairness4 ,n[1 def9ite progress1 cont9ual advance f day to day ) no tread+ ( old gr\nd1 is a condition ( education4 ,!re is an uneasy dread 9 "s m9ds le/ a lib]al education = all1 ! possibility :i* is n[ be=e u1 %\ld cause a social b\lev]sem5t1 su* an upheaval z obta9$ 9 ! ,fr5* ,revolution4 ,b ?is fe> arises f an errone\s conception4 ,! doctr9e ( equal opportunities = all is no d\bt dang]\s4 ,x is ! intellectual r5d]+ ( ! #8survival ( ! fitte/' & we h _h a t]rible object lesson z to h[ t doctr9e works4 ,! uneasy1 ambiti\s _s comes to ! front1 gets all ! *ances1 dom9ates 8 fell[s1 & ?9ks no upheaval too great a price = ! advancem5t ( himself & 8 notions4 ,m5 ( ?is type come to ! top ?r\gh ! av5ue ( exam9ations4 ,ambition & possibly gre$ are second$ by dogg$ p]sev]ance4 ,z 0 said ( ,l\is ,,xiv1 su* m5 elevate _! practice into a !ory & arrogate to _! habits ! "* ( pr9ciples ( gov]nm5t4 ,& ^! pseudo-pr9ciples inflame ! populace because !y promise place & p[] to e man 9 ! /ate1 ) no s5se ( ! proportion he be>s to ! re/4 ,probably ! #8lab\r unre/' ( to-day is n )\t connexion ) ! habit ( work+ 9 our s*ools = prizes & places4 ,! boy :o works to be fir/ & to get some?+ out ( x does n always become ! quiet1 well-ord]$ citiz5 :o helps to cem5t society & c>ries on ! "w ( ! ,/ate4 ,k pursu$ = its own sake is s$ative 9 s f> z x is satisfy+2 & ! spl5did consci\sness t e boy 9 y\r ,=m has y\r own delight 9 kn[+1 y\r own pleasure 9 express+ t :i* he kn[s1 %>es y\r intimacy ) ?is & ! o!r sage & h]o1 makes = good fell[%ip & magnanimity & %\ld deliv] ! citiz5 f a re/less desire to come to ! front4 ,x is possible t a consci5ti\s & intellig5t tea*] may be a little ov]:elm$ :5 he consid]s all t goes to a man1 all t goes to ea* ( ! boys "u 8 c>e4 ,x is true t1-- 8,!re lives ,no faculty )9 u :i* ! ,s\l ,c sp>e3 & humble/ e>?ly weal dem&s ,= dignity n plac$ beyond h] rea* ,zeal\s co-op]ation ( all means ,giv5 or requir$ to raise u f ! mire ,& lib]ate our he>ts f l[ pursuits ,by gross utilities enslav$2 we ne$ ,m ( ennobl+ impulse f ! pa/ ,if = ! future aught ( good mu/ come40 ,wordswor? is no d\bt "r4 ,!re is no faculty )9 ! s\l :i* c be sp>$ 9 ! great "w ( education2 b !n e faculty1 or r p[]1 works to ! "o end if we make ! pursuit ( k = its own sake ! object ( our educational ef=ts4 ,we f9d *ildr5 ready & eag] = ?is lab\r & _! accompli%m5t is surpris+4 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,?ree ,,in/rum5ts ,,( ,,education ,i4--,,education ,,is ,,an ,,atmosph]e ,see+ t we are limit$ by ! respect due to ! p]sonality ( *ildr5 we c all[ ourselves b ?ree educational in/rum5ts--! atmosph]e ( environm5t1 ! discipl9e ( habit & ! pres5tation ( liv+ ideas4 ,our motto is1--#8,education is an atmosph]e1 a discipl9e1 a life4' ,:5 we say t education is an atmosph]e we d n mean t a *ild %\ld be isolat$ 9 :at may be call$ a #8*ild environm5t' specially adapt$ & prep>$1 b t we %\ld take into acc\nt ! educational value ( 8 natural home atmosph]e bo? z reg>ds p]sons & ?+s & %\ld let him live freely among 8 prop] conditions4 ,x /ultifies a *ild to br+ d[n 8 _w to ! #8*ild's' level4 ,hav+ cut out ! direct use ( fe> or love1 sugge/ion or influ5ce1 undue play ^u any "o natural desire1 emulation1 = example1 we are no long] free to use all means 9 ! education ( *ildr54 ,!re are b ?ree left = our use & to ea* ( ^! we mu/ give c>eful /udy or we %all n realise h[ great a scope is left to u4 ,to consid] ! fir/ ( ^! educational in/rum5ts2 = a decade or two we h p9n$ our fai? on environm5t z a great "p ( education2 z1 say1 n9e-t5?s r ?an a ?ird "p ( ! :ole4 ,! !ory has be51--put a *ild 9 ! "r environm5t & s subtle is its influ5ce1 s p]man5t its effects t he is to all int5ts & purposes educat$ !reby4 ,s*ools may add ,lat9 & sums & :atev] else _! curriculum conta9s1 b ! actual education is1 z x 71 p]=m$ ^u a *ild by means ( col\r s*emes1 h>moni\s s\nds1 beautiful =ms1 graci\s p]sons4 ,he gr[s up /hetically educat$ into sweet reasonabl5ess & h>mony ) 8 surr\nd+s4 8,pet]'s nurs]y 0 a p]fect dream 9 :i* to hat* ! s\l ( a little boy4 ,its walls 7 done 9 w>m1 cream-col\r$ pa9t & ^u !m ,pet]'s fa!r _h put ! mo/ lovely patt]ns ( trott+ & jump+ horses & danc+ cats & dogs & leap+ lambs1 a c>nival ( bea/s 444 !re 0 a big brass fire-gu>d 9 ,pet]'s nurs]y 444 & all ! tables _h smoo?ly r\nd$ corn]s aga9/ ! days :5 ,pet] w\ld run ab\t4 ,! floor 0 ( cork c>pet on :i* ,pet] w\ld put 8 toys & !re 0 a crimson he>?rug on :i* ,pet] 0 de/9$ to crawl 444 !re 7 scales 9 ,pet]'s nurs]y to weigh ,pet] e week & tables to %[ h[ mu* he ought to weigh & :5 "o %\ld beg9 to feel anxi\s4 ,!re 0 no?+ casual ab\t ! e>ly ye>s ( ,pet]40 ,s1 ,mr4 ,wells1 9 t inconclusive educational treatise ( 81 ,joan & ,pet]4 ,x is an accurate picture ( ! prep>ation = #8high-s\l$' little p]sons all ov] ! _w4 ,p>5ts make trem5d\s sacrifices to t goddess :o presides ov] ,education4 ,we he> ( a pair inve/+ m ?an _! capital 9 a /atue to adorn ! /aircase 9 ord] t #8,tommy' %\ld make 8 s\l by ! contemplation ( beauty4 ,?is sort ( ?+ has be5 go+ on s9ce ! #8eighties at any rate &1 z usual1 ,g]many erect$ a high alt> = ! cult :i* %e pass$ on to ! re/ ( u4 ,p]haps x is safe to say t ! "y ,intellig5zia ( ,europe h be5 re>$ aft] ?is mann]4 ,& is ! result t ,neo-,georgian y\? ,pun* pres5ts to u ) 8 air ( we>9ess1 condesc5sion & self-complac5cy8 ,let u he> ,pr(essor ,sir ,jagadis ,*&ra ,bose1 ! ,indian sci5ti/1 on "o ( 8 conclusions conc]n+ ! n]v\s impulse 9 plants1-- 8,a plant c>efully protect$ "u glass f outside %ocks looks sleek & fl\ri%+ b its high] n]v\s function is !n f\nd to be atrophi$4 ,b :5 a succession ( bl[s0 7electric %ocks7 8is ra9$ on ?is effete & bloat$ specim51 ! %ocks !mselves create n]v\s *annels & ar\se anew ! det]iorat$ nature4 ,is x n ! %ocks ( adv]sity & n cotton wool protection t evolve true manhood80 ,we _h ?\ght t ! t]rible succession ( bl[s inflict$ by ! ,w> _h *ang$ all t2 b1 no2 ! errors ( education /ill hold sway & we /ill h among/ u ! bett]-?an-my-neighb\r folk1 ^: function1 let u hope1 is to adm9i/] ! b5efits ( adv]sity to mo/ ( u4 ,:at if p>5ts & tea*]s 9 _! zeal misread ! s*$ule ( _! duties1 magnifi$ _! (fice unduly & encroa*$ ^u ! p]sonality ( *ildr58 ,x is n an environm5t t ^! want1 a set ( artificial relations c>efully con/ruct$1 b an atmosph]e :i* nobody has be5 at pa9s to con/itute4 ,x is !re1 ab\t ! *ild1 8 natural elem5t1 precisely z ! atmosph]e ( ! e>? is ab\t u4 ,x is ?r[n (f1 z x 71 f p]sons & ?+s1 /irr$ by ev5ts1 sweet5$ by love1 v5tilat$1 kept 9 motion1 by ! regulat$ action ( common s5se4 ,we all "k ! natural conditions "u :i* a *ild %\ld live2 h[ he %>es h\sehold ways ) 8 "m1 romps ) 8 fa!r1 is teas$ by 8 bro!rs & pett$ by 8 si/]s2 is taught by 8 tumbles2 le>ns self-d5ial by ! baby's ne$s1 ! delightfulness ( furniture by play+ at battle & siege ) s(a & table2 le>ns v5]ation = ! old by ! visits ( 8 great-gr&mo!r2 h[ to live ) 8 equals by ! *ums he ga!rs r\nd him2 le>ns intimacy ) animals f 8 dog & cat2 delight 9 ! fields :]e ! butt]cups gr[ & great] delight 9 ! blackb]ry h$ges4 ,&1 :at temp]$ #8fusion ( classes' is s effective z a *ild's intimacy ) 8 bett]s1 & also ) cook & h\semaid1 blacksmi? & jo9]1 ) ev]ybody :o comes 9 8 way8 ,*ildr5 h a g5ius = ?is sort ( g5]al intimacy1 a valuable "p ( _! education2 c>e & guidance are ne$$1 ( c\rse1 le/ admir+ fri5ds %\ld make fools ( !m1 b no comp\nd$ #8environm5t' c\ld make up = ?is fre% air1 ?is :olesome w9d bl[+ n[ f "o po9t1 n[ f ano!r4 ,we c]ta9ly may use atmosph]e z an in/rum5t ( education1 b !re are prohibitions1 = ourselves r ?an = *ildr54 ,p]haps ! *ief ( ^! is1 t no artificial elem5t be introduc$1 no spr9kl+ ) rose-wat]1 s(t5+ ) cu%ions4 ,*ildr5 mu/ face life z x is2 if _! p>5ts are anxi\s & p]turb$ *ildr5 feel x 9 ! air4 8,mummie1 ,mummie1 y ar5't go+ to cry ?is "t1 are y80 & a *ild's hug tries to take away ! tr\ble4 ,by ^! ?+s *ildr5 live & we may n keep !m 9 glass cases2 if we d1 !y develop 9 succul5ce & s(tness & w n become plants ( r5[n4 ,b due relations mu/ be ma9ta9$2 ! p>5ts are 9 au?ority1 ! *ildr5 9 ob$i5ce2 & aga91 ! /rong may n lay _! burd5s on ! weak2 nor mu/ we expect f *ildr5 t ef=t ( decision1 ! mo/ fatigu+ 9 our lives1 ( :i* ! "y %\ld g5]ally be reliev$4 ,s*ool1 p]haps1 (f]s few] opportunities = vitiat+ ! atmosph]e ?an does home life4 ,b tea*+ may be s wat]$ d[n & sweet5$1 tea*]s may be s suave & condesc5d+1 z to br+ ab\t a condition ( intellectual feebl5ess & moral s(tness :i* x is n easy = a *ild to ov]come4 ,! brac+ atmosph]e ( tru? & s9c]ity %\ld be p]ceiv$ 9 e s*ool2 & "h aga9 ! common pursuit ( k by tea*] & class comes to our aid & creates a curr5t ( fre% air p]ceptible ev5 to ! *ance visitor1 :o sees ! gl[ ( intellectual life & moral heal? on ! faces ( tea*]s & *ildr5 alike4 ,b a s*ool may be work+ h>d1 n = love ( k1 b = love ( m>ks1 our old enemy2 & !n "y faces are n s]5e & joy\s b eag]1 re/less1 apt to look anxi\s & worri$4 ,! *ildr5 d n sleep well & are cross2 are sull5 or 9 te>s if any?+ goes wrong1 & are1 g5]ally1 difficult to manage4 ,:5 ?is is ! case !re is too mu* oxyg5 9 ! air2 !y are brea?+ a too /imulat+ atmosph]e1 & ! n]v\s /ra9 to :i* !y are subject$ mu/ ne$s be foll[$ by reaction4 ,!n tea*]s ?9k t lessons h be5 too h>d1 t *ildr5 %\ld be reliev$ ( ?is & t /udy2 ! doctors probably advise t s-&-s %\ld #8run wild' = a ye>4 ,poor little s\l1 at ! v mom5t :5 he is mo/ 9 ne$ ( k = 8 su/5ance he is left to prey ^u himself6 ,no wond] ! n]v\s symptoms become worse1 & ! boy or girl suff]s "u ! /igma ( #8n]v\s /ra94' ,! fault has be5 9 ! atmosph]e & n 9 ! "w2 ! tea*]1 p]haps1 is ov] anxi\s t h] *ildr5 %\ld d well & h] n]v\s excitation is cat*+4 8,i am afraid ,x---- _c d 8 exam9ation2 he loves 8 "w b he bur/s into te>s :5 he is ask$ an exam9ation "q4 ,p]haps x is t ,i h insi/$ too mu* t he mu/ nev] be satisfi$ ) any?+ b 8 be/40 ,poor little *ap 7( sev57 prick$ into ov] ex]tion by ! spur ( moral /imulus6 ,we =esee happy days = *ildr5 :5 all tea*]s "k t no o!r excit+ motive :atev] is necess>y to produce good "w 9 ea* individual ( h[ev] big a class ?an t love ( k :i* is natural to e *ild4 ,! s]5ity & sweetness ( s*ools conduct$ on ?is pr9ciple is surpris+ to ! outsid] :o has n reflect$ ^u ! cont5tm5t ( a baby ) 8 bottle6 ,!re are two c\rses op5 to u 9 ?is matt]4 ,"o1 to create by all mann] ( modifi$ conditions a hot-h\se atmosph]e1 fragrant b emasculat+1 9 :i* *ildr5 gr[ apace b are feeble & dep5d5t2 ! o!r to leave !m op5 to all ! 8airts t bl[10 b ) c>e le/ !y be unduly batt]$2 le/1 = example1 a miasma come _! way 9 ! %ape ( a vici\s companion4 #b4--;,,education ,,is ,a ,,discipl9e ,by ?is =mula we mean ! discipl9e ( habits =m$ def9itely & ?\ghtfully :e!r habits ( m9d or ( body4 ,physiologi/s tell u ( ! adaptation ( bra9 /ructure to habitual l9es ( ?\ght1 i4e41 to our habits4 ,education is n aft] all to ei!r tea*] or *ild ! f9e c>eless rapture we appe> to h figur$ x4 ,we :o tea* & !y :o le>n are alike con/ra9$2 !re is always ef=t to be made 9 c]ta9 directions2 yet we face our tasks f a new po9t ( view4 ,we ne$ n lab\r to get *ildr5 to le>n _! lessons2 t1 if we w\ld believe x1 is a matt] :i* nature takes c>e (4 ,let ! lessons be ( ! "r sort & *ildr5 w le>n !m ) delight4 ,! call = /r5u\sness comes ) ! necessity ( =m+ habits2 b "h aga9 we are reliev$4 ,! intellectual habits ( ! good life =m !mselves 9 ! foll[+ out ( ! due curriculum 9 ! "r way4 ,z we h already urg$1 !re is b "o "r way1 t is1 *ildr5 mu/ d ! "w = !mselves4 ,!y mu/ read ! giv5 pages & tell :at !y h read1 !y mu/ p]=m1 t is1 :at we may call ! act ( kn[+4 ,we are all aw>e1 alas1 :at a mon/r\s quantity ( pr9t$ matt] has gone into ! du/b9 ( our memories1 because we h fail$ to p]=m t q natural & spontane\s #8act ( kn[+1' z easy to a *ild z brea?+ &1 if we w\ld believe x1 comp>atively easy to ourselves4 ,! rew>d is two-fold3 no intellectual habit is s valuable z t ( att5tion2 x is a m]e habit b x is also ! hall-m>k ( an educat$ p]son4 ,use is second nature1 we are told2 x is n too mu* to say t #8habit is t5 natures1' & we c all imag9e h[ our "w w\ld be eas$ if our subord9ates li/5$ to in/ructions ) ! full att5tion :i* implies recollection4 ,att5tion is n ! only habit t foll[s due self-education4 ,! habits ( fitt+ & ready expression1 ( ob$i5ce1 ( good-w1 & ( an imp]sonal outlook are spontane\s bye-products ( education 9 ?is sort4 ,s1 too1 are ! habits ( "r ?9k+ & "r judg+2 :ile physical habits ( neatness & ord] att5d ^u ! self-respect :i* foll[s an education :i* respects ! p]sonality ( *ildr54 ,physiologi/s tell u t ?\ghts :i* h become habitual make someh[ a m>k ^u ! bra9 sub/ance1 b we are bold 9 call+ x a m>k = !re is no disc]nible effect to be quot$4 ,:e!r or no ! m9d be s]v$ by ! bra9 9 ?is matt]1 we are empirically c]ta9 t a *ief function ( education is ! e/abli%m5t ( su* ways ( ?9k+ 9 *ildr5 z %all issue 9 good & useful liv+1 cle> ?9k+1 /hetic enjoym5t1 &1 above all1 9 ! religi\s life4 ,h[ x is possible t _s %\ld act ^u matt] is a my/]y to u1 b t su* act takes place we p]ceive e "t we note a sc[l+ br[1 or1 on ! o!r h&1-- 8,a sweet attractive k9d ( grace1 ,a full assurance giv5 by looks2 ,cont9ual com=t 9 a face1 ,! l9eam5ts ( gospel books40 ,we all "k h[ ! physical ef=t ( smil+ affects ourselves 9 our s\r moods1-- 8,nor s\l helps fle% m n[1 ?an fle% helps s\l40 ,bo? are at our s]vice 9 lay+ d[n ! rails1 s to speak1 ^u :i* ! good life mu/ ne$s run4 ,9 ! pa/ we h1 no d\bt1 gone ?r\gh an age ( infant slav]y1 an age ( good habits en=c$ by vigor\s p5alties1 consci5ti\sly by ! ov] scrupul\s eighte5? c5tury p>5t1 & infam\sly by ! s*oolma/]s1 ! #8,creakles' & ! #8,sque]s' :o lab\r$ only = _! own ease & pr(it4 ,n[1 ! p5dulum sw+s ! o!r way4 ,we h lo/ sight ( ! fact t habit is to life :at rails are to transport c>s4 ,x foll[s t l9es ( habit mu/ be laid d[n t[>ds giv5 ends & aft] c>eful survey1 or ! jolt+s & delays ( life become insupportable4 ,m1 habit is inevitable4 ,if we fail to ease life by lay+ d[n habits ( "r ?9k+ & "r act+1 habits ( wrong ?9k+ & wrong act+ fix !mselves ( _! own accord4 ,we avoid decision & indecision br+s its own delays1 8& days are lo/ lam5t+ o'er lo/ days40 ,almo/ e *ild is br\ght up by 8 p>5ts 9 c]ta9 habits ( dec5cy & ord] )\t :i* he w\ld be a social outca/4 ,?9k f ano!r po9t ( view h[ ! lab\r ( life w\ld be increas$ if e act ( ! ba?1 toilet1 table1 e lift+ ( ! =k & use ( spoon 7 a matt] ( consid]ation & requir$ an ef=t ( decision6 ,no2 habit is l fire1 a bad ma/] b an indisp5sable s]vant2 & probably "o reason = ! n]v\s scrupulosity1 hesitation1 indecision ( our day1 is t life 0 n duly eas$ = u 9 ! fir/ place by ^? ^: bus9ess x 0 to lay d[n l9es ( habit ^u :i* our behavi\r might run easily4 ,x is unnecess>y to enum]ate ^? habits :i* we %\ld aim at =m+1 = ev]yone kn[s m ab\t ^! ?an anyone practises4 ,we admire ! easy c>riage ( ! soldi] b %r9k f ! discipl9e :i* is able to produce x4 ,we admire ! lady :o c sit upright ?r\gh a long d9n]1 :o 9 h] old age pref]s a /raight *air because %e has arriv$ at due muscul> balance & has done s by a c\rse ( discipl9e4 ,!re is no o!r way ( =m+ any good habit1 ?\gh ! discipl9e is usually t ( ! int]nal gov]nm5t :i* ! p]son ex]cises ^u himself2 b a c]ta9 /r5u\sness 9 ! =mation ( good habits is necess>y because e su* habit is ! result ( conflict4 ,! bad habit ( ! easy life is always pleasant & p]suasive & to be resi/$ ) pa9 & ef=t1 b ) hope & c]ta9ty ( success1 because 9 our v /ructure is ! prep>ation = =m+ su* habits ( muscle & m9d z we delib]ately propose to ourselves4 ,we ent]ta9 ! idea :i* gives bir? to ! act & ! act repeat$ aga9 & aga9 becomes ! habit2 #8,s[ an act1' we are told1 #8reap a habit4' #8,s[ a habit1 reap a "*4' ,b we mu/ g a /ep fur!r back1 we mu/ s[ ! idea or notion :i* makes ! act wor? :ile4 ,! lazy boy :o he>s ( ! ,great ,duke's n>r[ camp b$1 pref]r$ by him because :5 he want$ to turn ov] x 0 "t to get up1 receives ! idea ( prompt ris+4 ,b 8 nurse or 8 "m kn[s h[ (t5 & h[ +5i\sly ! tale mu/ be br\ght to 8 m9d be=e ! habit ( prompt ris+ is =m$2 %e kn[s too h[ ! idea ( self-conque/ mu/ be made at home 9 ! boy's m9d until x become a *ivalric impulse :i* he _c resi/4 ,x is possible to s[ a great idea lightly & casually & p]haps ?is sort ( s[+ %\ld be r>e & casual because if a *ild detect a def9ite purpose 9 8 m5tor he is apt to /iff5 himself aga9/ x4 ,:5 p>5t or tea*] supposes t a good habit is a matt] ( ob$i5ce to 8 au?ority1 he relaxes a little4 ,a boy is late :o has be5 mak+ evid5t ef=ts to be punctual2 ! tea*] good-natur$ly =egoes rebuke or p5alty1 & ! boy says to himself1--8,x doesn't matt]10 & beg9s to =m ! unpunctual habit4 ,! mi/ake ! tea*] makes is to suppose t to be punctual is tr\blesome to ! boy1 s he w let him (f2 :]eas ! (fice ( ! habits ( an ord]$ life is to make su* life easy & spontane\s2 ! ef=t is conf9$ to ! fir/ half doz5 or score ( occasions = do+ ! ?+4 ,consid] h[ labori\s life w\ld be 7 its :eels n greas$ by habits ( cleanl9ess1 neatness1 ord]1 c\rtesy2 _h we to make ! ef=t ( decision ab\t e detail ( dress+ & eat+1 com+ & go+1 life w\ld n be wor? liv+4 ,e cottage "m kn[s t %e mu/ tra9 h] *ild 9 habits ( dec5cy1 & a :ole code ( habits ( propriety get !mselves =m$ j because a brea* 9 any su* habit causes a %ock to o!rs :i* few *ildr5 h c\rage to face4 ,physical fitness1 morals & mann]s1 are v l>gely ! outcome ( habit2 & n only s1 b ! habits ( ! religi\s life also become fix$ & delightful & give u due support 9 ! ef=t to live a godly1 righte\s & sob] life4 ,we ne$ n be det]r$ by ! fe> t religi\s habits 9 a *ild are me*anical1 un9=m$ by ! ideas :i* %\ld give !m value4 ,let u he> :at ! "y ,de ,qu9cey felt ab\t go+ to *ur*3-- 8,on ,sunday morn+s ,i w5t ) ! re/ ( my family to *ur*3 x 0 a *ur* on ! anci5t model ( ,engl& hav+ aisles1 gall]ies1 organ1 all ?+s anci5t & v5]able1 & ! proportions 7 maje/ic4 ,"h1 :il/ ! congregation knelt ?r\gh ! long litany1 z (t5 z we came to t passage s beautiful among/ _m t are s :]e ,god is supplicat$ on behalf ( #8all sick p]sons & "y *ildr5' & #8t ,he w\ld %[ ,8 pity ^u all prison]s & captives1' ,i wept 9 secret1 & rais+ my /ream+ eyes to ! upp] w9d[s saw1 on days :5 ! sun 0 %9+1 a spectacle z affect+ z ev] prophet c h beheld 444 !re 7 ! ,apo/les t _h trampl$ ^u e>? & ! glories ^u e>?1 !re 7 ! m>tyrs :o _h borne witness to ! tru? ?r\gh flames 444 & all ! "t ,i saw ?r\gh ! wide c5tral field ( ! w9d[ :]e ! glass 0 uncol\r$ :ite fleecy cl\ds sail+ ov] ! azure dep?s ( ! sky40 ,& !n ! little boy _h visions ( sick *ildr5 ^u :om ,god w\ld h pity4-- 8,^! visions 7 self-su/a9$1 ! h9t f ! ,litany1 ! fragm5t f ! cl\ds1 ^? & ! /ori$ w9d[s 7 suffici5t4444 ,god speaks to *ildr5 also 9 dreams & by ! oracles t lurk 9 d>kness2 b 9 solitude1 above all ?+s :5 made vocal to ! m$itative he>t by ! tru?s & s]vices ( a national *ur*1 ,god holds ) *ildr5 #8communion undi/urb$4'0 ,) su* a te/imony be=e u1 support$ by gleams ( recollection on our own "p1 we may take c\rage to believe t :at we rightly call ,div9e ,s]vice is p>ticul>ly appropriate to *ildr52 & w become m s z ! habit ( read+ beautifully writt5 books quick5s _! s5se ( /yle & _! unconsci\s appreciation ( ! surpass+ly beautiful diction ( our liturgy4 ,we h se5 ! value ( habit 9 m9d & morals1 religion & physical developm5t4 ,x is z we h se5 disa/r\s :5 *ild or man le>ns to ?9k 9 a groove1 & %iv]s l an unaccu/om$ ba!r on ! /eps ( a new notion4 ,?is dang] is p]haps av]t$ by giv+ *ildr5 z _! daily diet ! wise ?\ghts ( great m9ds1 & ( _m great m9ds2 s t !y may gradually & unconsci\sly get ! c\rage ( _! op9ions4 ,if we fail 9 ?is duty1 s soon z ! "y p get _! #8lib]ty' !y w run aft] ! fir/ fad t pres5ts itself2 try x = a :ile & !n take up ano!r to be disc>d$ 9 its turn1 & rema9 unc]ta9 & ill-guid$ = ! re/ ( _! days4 #c4--;,,education ,,is ,a ,,life ,we h left until ! la/ t in/rum5t ( education impli$ 9 ! phrase #8,education is a life'2 #8impli$' because life is no m self-exi/+ ?an x is self-support+2 x requires su/5ance1 regul>1 ord]$ & fitt+4 ,?is is fully recognis$ z reg>ds bodily life &1 possibly1 ! great discov]y ( ! tw5tie? c5tury w be t m9d too requires its ord]$ rations & p]i%es :5 ^! fail4 ,we "k t food is to ! body :at fuel is to ! /eam-eng9e1 ! sole s\rce ( en]gy2 once we realise t ! m9d too works only z x is f$ education w appe> to u 9 a new light4 ,! body p9es & develops hum\rs ^u tabloids & o!r food sub/itutes2 & a glance at a #8gate' cr[d wat*+ a football mat* makes u wond] :at sort ( m9d-food ^? m5 & boys are su/a9$ on1 :e!r !y are n suff]+ f depletion1 inanition1 not)/&+ big & burly bodies4 ,= ! m9d is capable ( deal+ ) only "o k9d ( food2 x lives1 gr[s & is n\ri%$ ^u ideas only2 m]e in=mation is to x z a meal ( sawdu/ to ! body2 !re are no organs = ! assimilation ( ! "o m ?an ( ! o!r4 ,:at is an idea8 we ask1 & f9d ourselves plung$ beyond our dep?4 ,a live ?+ ( ! m9d1 seems to be ! conclusion ( our greate/ ?9k]s f ,plato to ,bacon1 f ,bacon to ,col]idge4 ,we all "k h[ an idea #8/rikes1' #8seizes1' #8cat*es hold (1' #8impresses' u & at la/1 if x be big en\gh1 #8possesses' u2 9 a ^w1 behaves l an entity4 ,if we enquire into any p]son's habits ( life1 m5tal preoccupation1 devotion to a cause or pursuit1 he w usually tell u t su* & su* an idea /ruck him4 ,?is pot5cy ( an idea is matt] ( common recognition4 ,no phrase is m common & m promis+ ?an1 #8,i h an idea'2 we rise to su* an op5+ z tr\t to a well-*os5 fly4 ,!re is b "o sph]e 9 :i* ! ^w idea nev] occurs1 9 :i* ! conception ( an idea is curi\sly abs5t1 & t sph]e is education6 ,look at any publi%]'s li/ ( s*ool books & y %all f9d t ! books recomm5d$ are c>efully dessicat$1 dra9$ ( ! lea/ suspicion ( an idea1 r$uc$ to ! drie/ /atem5ts ( fact4 ,"h p]haps ! ,public ,s*ools h a little pull ov] ! re/ ( u2 ! diet !y af=d may be meagre1 meagre almo/ to />vation po9t = ! av]age boy1 b x is n de/itute ( ideas2 =1 h[ev] sp>sely1 boys are n\ri%$ on ! be/ ?\ghts ( ! be/ m9ds4 ,col]idge has done m ?an o!r ?9k]s to br+ ! conception ( an idea )9 ! sph]e ( ! sci5tific ?\ght ( to-day2 n z t ?\ght is express$ 9 psy*ology1 a t]m :i* he himself laun*$ ^u ! _w ) an apology = x z insol5s v]bum 78we beg p>don = ! use ( ?is insol5s v]bum b x is "o ( :i* our language /&s 9 great ne$40 ,me?od1 ,s4 ,t4 ,col]idge7 b z %ew+ ! reaction ( m9d to an idea4 ,?is is h[ 9 8 ,me?od ,col]idge illu/rates ! rise & progress ( su* an idea3-- 8,we c recall no incid5t ( human hi/ory t impresses ! imag9ation m deeply ?an ! mom5t :5 ,columbus on an unkn[n ocean fir/ p]ceiv$ t baffl+ fact1 ! *ange ( ! magnetic ne$le4 ,h[ _m in/ances occur 9 hi/ory :5 ! ideas ( nature 7pres5t$ to *os5 m9ds by a ,high] ,p[] ?an ,nature h]self7 sudd5ly unfold z x 7 9 prophetic succession sy/ematic views de/9$ to produce ! mo/ important revolutions 9 ! /ate ( man6 ,! cle> _s ( ,columbus 0 d\btless em95tly me?odical4 ,he saw di/9ctly t great lead+ idea :i* au?oris$ ! poor pilot to become a #8promis] ( k+doms4'0 ,"h we get su* a g5esis ( an idea z fits 9 curi\sly ) :at we "k ( ! hi/ory ( great inv5tions & discov]ies 8pres5t$ to *os5 m9ds by a high] ,p[] ?an ,nature h]self40 ,x corresponds too1 n only ) ! ideas t rule our own lives1 b ) ! orig9 ( practical ideas :i* is unfold$ to u by ! prophet ,isaiah3-- 8,do? ! pl\ghman pl\gh cont9ually to 444 op5 & break ! clods ( 8 gr\nd8 ,:5 he ha? made pla9 ! face !re(1 do? he n ca/ abroad ! fit*es & scatt] ! cumm9 & put ! :eat 9 r[s 444 = 8 ,god do? in/ruct him aright & do? tea* him4444 ,bread corn is gr\nd = he w n ev] be ?re%+ x4444 ,?is also come? f ! ,"l ( ,ho/s :i* is wond]ful 9 c\nsel & excell5t 9 work+40#ah ,let u he> ,col]idge fur!r on ! subject ( ^? ideas :i* may inve/ u z an atmosph]e r ?an /rike z a weapon3-- 8,! idea may exi/ 9 a cle> & def9ite =m z t ( a circle 9 t ( ! m9d ( a geometrician or x may be a m]e in/9ct1 a vague appet5cy t[>ds some?+ 444 l ! impulse :i* fills a "y poet's eyes ) te>s40 ,^! indef9ite ideas :i* express !mselves 9 an #8appet5cy' t[>ds some?+ & :i* %\ld draw a *ild t[>ds ?+s hone/1 lovely & ( good report1 are n to be (f]$ ( set purpose or at set times3 !y are held 9 t ?\ght-atmosph]e :i* surr\nds him1 brea!d z 8 brea? ( life4 ,x is di/ress+ to ?9k t our poor words & ways %\ld be ?us inspir$ by *ildr52 b to recognise ! fact w make u c>eful n to admit sordid or unwor?y ?\ghts & motives into our deal+s ) !m4 ,col]idge treats 9 m detail ^? def9ite ideas :i* are n inhal$ z air b are convey$ z meat to ! m9d3-- 8,f ! fir/ or initiative idea1 z f a se$1 successive ideas g]m9ate40 8,ev5ts & images1 ! lively & _s-/irr+ ma*9]y ( ! ext]nal _w1 are l light & air & moi/ure to ! se$ ( ! m9d :i* w\ld else rot & p]i%40 8,! pa?s 9 :i* we may pursue a me?odical c\rse are manifold & at ! head ( ea* /&s its peculi> & guid+ idea4 ,^? ideas are z regul>ly subord9ate 9 dignity z ! pa?s to :i* !y po9t are v>i\s & ecc5tric 9 direction4 ,! _w has suff]$ mu* 9 mod]n times f a subv]sive & necess>y natural ord] ( sci5ce 444 f summon+ reason & fai? to ! b> ( t limit$ physical exp]i5ce to :i* by ! true laws ( me?od !y owe no ob$i5ce4 ,progress foll[s ! pa? ( ! idea f :i* x sets out requir+ h[ev] a con/ant wakefulness ( m9d to keep x )9 ! due limits ( its c\rse4 ,h5ce ! orbits ( ?\ght1 s to speak1 mu/ diff] f among !mselves z ! initiative ideas diff]40 7,me?od1 ,s4 ,t4 ,c474 ,is x n a fact t ! new light :i* biology is ?r[+ ^u ! laws ( m9d is br++ u back to ! ,platonic doctr9e t 8,an idea is a di/+ui%able p[]1 self-affirm$ & se5 9 unity ) ! ,et]nal ,ess5ce08 ,i h v5tur$ to repeat f an e>li] volume#ai ?is slight exposition ( ,col]idge's tea*+1 because 8 doctr9e corresponds ) common exp]i5ce & %\ld rev]se our ord9>y educational practice4 ,! :ole subject is pr(\nd1 b z practical z x is pr(\nd4 ,we mu/ disabuse our m9ds ( ! !ory t ! functions ( education are 9 ! ma9 gymna/ic1 a cont9ual draw+ out )\t a correspond+ act ( putt+ 94 ,! mod]n emphasis ^u #8self-expression' has giv5 new curr5cy to ?is idea2 we :o "k h[ little !re is 9 u t we h n receiv$1 t ! mo/ we c d is to give an orig9al twi/1 a new application1 to an idea t has be5 pass$ on to u2 :o recognise1 humbly en\gh1 t we are b tor*-be>]s1 pass+ on our light to ! next z we h receiv$ x f ! la/1 ev5 we invite *ildr5 to #8express !mselves' ab\t a tank1 a ,norman ca/le1 ! ,man 9 ! ,moon1 n recognis+ t ! qua9t ?+s *ildr5 say on unfamili> subjects are no m ?an a pat*work ( notions pick$ up "h & !re4 ,"o is n sure t s-call$ orig9al composition is :olesome = *ildr51 because _! consci5ces are al]t & !y are q aw>e ( _! borr[+s2 x may be bett] t !y %\ld read on a !me be=e !y write ^u x1 us+ !n z mu* latitude z !y l4 ,9 ! e>ly days ( a *ild's life x makes little app>5t diff]5ce :e!r we educate ) a notion ( fill+ a receptacle1 inscrib+ a tablet1 m\ld+ pla/ic matt]1 or n\ri%+ a life1 b z a *ild gr[s we %all p]ceive t only ^? ideas :i* h f$ 8 life are tak5 into 8 be+2 all ! re/ is ca/ away or is1 l sawdu/ 9 ! sy/em1 an imp$im5t & an injury4 ,education is a life4 ,t life is su/a9$ on ideas4 ,ideas are ( spiritual orig91 & ,god has made u s t we get !m *iefly z we convey !m to "o ano!r1 :e!r by ^w ( m\?1 writt5 page1 ,scripture ^w1 musical symphony2 b we mu/ su/a9 a *ild's inn] life ) ideas z we su/a9 8 body ) food4 ,probably he w reject n9e-t5?s ( ! ideas we (f]1 z he makes use ( only a small proportion ( 8 bodily food1 reject+ ! re/4 ,he is an eclectic2 he may *oose ?is or t2 our bus9ess is to supply him ) due abundance & v>iety & 8 to take :at he ne$s4 ,urg5cy on our "p annoys him4 ,he resi/s =cible fe$+ & loa!s pr$ige/$ food4 ,:at suits him be/ is pabulum pres5t$ 9 ! indirect lit]>y =m :i* ,our ,"l adopts 9 ^? wond]ful p>ables ^: quality is t !y _c be =gott5 ?\gh1 :ile e detail ( ! /ory is rememb]$1 its application may pass & leave no trace4 ,we1 too1 mu/ take ?is risk4 ,we may (f] *ildr5 z _! su/5ance ! ,lys&] ( ,plut>*1 an object lesson1 we ?9k1 %ew+ :at a /atesman or a citiz5 %\ld avoid3 b1 :o kn[s1 ! *ild may take to ,lys&] & ?9k 8 #8cute' ways e/imable6 ,aga91 we take ! risk1 z did our ,"l 9 t puzzl+ p>able ( ! ,unju/ ,/ew>d4 ,"o o!r caution2 x seems to be necess>y to pres5t ideas ) a great deal ( padd+1 z !y rea* u 9 a novel or poem or hi/ory book writt5 ) lit]>y p[]4 ,a *ild _c 9 m9d or body live ^u tabloids h[ev] sci5tifically prep>$2 out ( a :ole big book he may n get m ?an half a doz5 ( ^? ideas ^u :i* 8 _s ?rives2 & !y come 9 unexpect$ places & unrecognis$ =ms1 s t no gr[n p]son is capable ( mak+ su* extracts f ,scott or ,dick5s or ,milton1 z w c]ta9ly give him n\ri%m5t4 ,x is a case (1--8,9 ! morn+ s[ ?y se$ & 9 ! ev5+ )hold n ?9e h& = ?\ kn[e/ n :e!r %all prosp]1 ei!r ?is or t40 ,"o ( our presumptu\s s9s 9 ?is connection is t we v5ture to (f] op9ions to *ildr5 7& to old] p]sons7 in/ead ( ideas4 ,we believe t an op9ion expresses ?\ght & !re=e embodies an idea4 ,ev5 if x did s once ! v act ( cry/allization into op9ion de/roys any vitality x may h _h2 pace ,rusk91 a cry/al is n a liv+ body & does n fe$ m54 ,we ?9k to fe$ *ildr5 on ! dogmas ( a *ur*1 ! !orems ( ,euclid1 m]e ab/racts ( hi/ory1 & we wond] t _! education does n seem to take hold ( !m4 ,let u he> ,m4 ,f\ille#bj on ?is subject1 = to him ! idea is all 9 all bo? 9 philosophy & education4 ,b !re is a function ( education ^u :i* ,m4 ,f\ille h>dly t\*es1 t ( ! =mation ( habits1 physical1 intellectual1 moral4 8#8,sci5tific tru?s1' said ,desc>tes1 #8are battles won4' ,describe to ! "y ! pr9cipal & mo/ h]oic ( ^! battles2 y w ?us int]e/ !m 9 ! results ( sci5ce & y w develop 9 !m a sci5tific _s by means ( ! en?usiasm = ! conque/ ( tru?4444 ,h[ int]e/+ ,ari?metic & ,geometry might be if we gave a %ort hi/ory ( _! pr9cipal !orems1 if ! *ild 7 meant to be pres5t at ! lab\rs ( a ,py?agoras1 a ,plato1 a ,euclid1 or 9 mod]n times1 ( a ,desc>tes1 a ,pascal1 or a ,leibnitz4 ,great !ories in/ead ( be+ lifeless & anonym\s ab/ractions w\ld become liv+ human tru?s ea* ) its own hi/ory l a /atue by ,mi*ael ,angelo or l a pa9t+ by ,raphael40 ,"h we h an application ( ,col]idge's #8capta9-idea' ( e tra9 ( ?\ght2 t is1 n a nak$ g5]alisation1 7nei!r *ildr5 nor gr[n p]sons f9d alim5t 9 ^!71 b an idea clo!d ^u ) fact1 hi/ory & /ory1 s t ! m9d may p]=m ! acts ( selection & inception f a mass ( illu/rative details4 ,?us ,dick5s makes #8,david ,copp]field' tell u t1--8,i 0 a v obs]vant *ild10 & t 8all *ildr5 are v obs]vant10 n z a dry ab/raction1 b z an inf]5ce f a numb] ( *>m+ natural incid5ts4 ,all roads lead to ,rome1 & all ,i h said is meant to en=ce ! fact t mu* & v>i$ humane read+1 z well z human ?\ght express$ 9 ! =ms ( art1 is1 n a luxury1 a tit-bit1 to be giv5 to *ildr5 n[ & !n1 b _! v bread ( life1 :i* !y mu/ h 9 abundant portions & at regul> p]iods4 ,?is & m is impli$ 9 ! phrase1 8,! m9d fe$s on ideas & !re=e *ildr5 %\ld h a g5]\s curriculum40 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,h[ ,,we ,,make ,,use ,,( ,,m9d 8,we hold t ! *ild's m9d is no m]e sac to hold ideas b is r1 if ! figure may be all[$1 a #8spiritual organism' ) an appetite = all k4 ,?is is its prop] diet ) :i* x is prep>$ to deal & :at x is able to dige/ & assimilate z ! body does food-/uffs4 8,su* a doctr9e z ! ,h]b>tian1 t ! m9d is a receptacle1 lays ! /ress ( education1 ! prep>ation ( food 9 entic+ morsels1 duly ord]$1 ^u ! tea*]4 ,*ildr5 taught on ?is pr9ciple are 9 dang] ( receiv+ mu* tea*+ b little k2 ! tea*]'s axiom be+ #8:at a *ild le>ns matt]s less ?an h[ he le>ns x4'0 ,i _c resi/ pres5t+ ! ,h]b>tian ,psy*ology 9 ! dry light ( ,scotti% hum\r4#ba 8,we h fail$ to expla9 ideas by ! m9d1 h[ ab\t expla9+ ! m9d by ideas8 ,y are n to suppose t ?is is exactly h[ ,h]b>t puts x1 ,h]b>t is a philosoph]1 a ,g]man philosoph]4 ,x is true t he />ts ) ! m9d or1 z he pref]s to call x1 a s\l3 b d n fe> t ! sport ( ! hunt is to be spoil$ = t 444 ! #8giv5' s\l is no m a real s\l ?an x is a real crat] ( a volcano4 ,x has absolutely no cont5t3 x is n ev5 an idea trap4 ,ideas c slip 9 & out ( x z !y please1 or1 r1 z o!r ideas please b ! s\l has no p[] ei!r to call1 make1 keep1 or recall1 an idea4 ,! ideas arrange all ^! matt]s among !mselves4 ,! m9d c make no objection40 8#8,! s\l has no capacity nor faculty :atev] ei!r to receive or produce any?+3 x is !re=e no tabula rasa 9 ! s5se t impressions1 =eign to its nature1 may be made on x4 ,also x is no sub/ance 9 ,leibnitz's s5se1 :i* includes orig9al self-activity4 ,x has orig9ally nei!r ideas1 nor feel+s1 nor desires4 ,fur!r1 )9 x lie no =ms ( intuition & ?\ght1 no laws ( will+ & act+1 nor any sort ( pr$isposition h[ev] remote t[>ds ^!4 ,! simple nature ( ! s\l is totally unkn[n & = ev] rema9s s4 ,x is z little a subject = speculative z = empirical psy*ology4' 7,lehrbu* zur ,psy*ologie1 by ,h]b>t3 ,"p ,,iii3 pp4 #aeb1 #aec47 ,?us1 a vigor\s vis in]ti is ! only p[] ( ! m9d4 ,/ill x is subject to ! action ( c]ta9 =ces4 ,no?+ b ideas 7,vor/ellung7 c attack ! s\l s t ! ideas really make up ! m9d40 ,we are famili> ) ! /ruggle ( ideas on ! ?re%old1 ) ! good luck ( ^? t get 9 & especially ( ^? t get 9 fir/ & m\nt to high places2 ) ! behavi\r ( ideas1 v mu* l t ( p]sons :o fall into gr\ps 9 an an>*ical /ate4 ,?is behavi\r is describ$ z ! =mation ( #8app]ception masses' & ! mass t is suffici5tly /rong has x all its own way & dom9ates ! m9d4 ,our bus9ess is n to exam9e ! psy*ology ( ,h]b>t1 a v s]i\s & sugge/ive contribution to our k ( educational pr9ciples1 b r to consid] h[ x works out practically 9 education4 ,b be=e we exam9e h[ ,h]b>tian psy*ology be>s ?is te/ ( exp]im5t1 let u consid] :at ,pr(essor ,william ,james has to say ( psy*ology 9 g5]al4 8,:5 we talk ( psy*ology z a natural sci5ce10 he tells u1 8we mu/ n assume t t means a sort ( psy*ology t /&s at la/ on solid gr\nd4 ,x means j ! rev]se4 ,x means a psy*ology p>ticul>ly fragile & into :i* ! wat]s ( metaphysical criticism leak at e jo9t1 a psy*ology all ( ^: elem5t>y assumptions & data mu/ be reconsid]$ 9 wid] connections & translat$ into o!r t]ms4 ,x is1 9 %ort1 a phrase ( diffid5ce & n ( arrogance2 & x is inde$ /range to he> p talk triumphantly ( ! #8,new ,psy*ology' & write ,hi/ories ( ,psy*ology :5 into ! real elem5ts & =ces :i* ! ^w cov]s n ! fir/ glimpse ( cle> insight exi/s4 ,a /r+ ( raw facts1 a little gossip & wrangle ab\t op9ions1 a little classification & g5]alisation on ! m]e descriptive level 444 b n a s+le law 444 n a s+le proposition f :i* any consequ5ce c casually be d$uc$40 ,b ,pr(essor ,james w5t on & wrote 8 extraord9>ily int]e/+ book on psy*ology1 & we mu/ d ! same ?\gh our basis is no m ?an ! common exp]i5ce ( mank9d s f> z "o m9d c express ! exp]i5ce common to u all4 ,h]b>t's psy*ology is extraord9>ily gratify+ & attractive to tea*]s :o are1 l o!r p1 eag] to magnify _! (fice2 & "h is a s*eme :i* %[s h[ e *ild is a new creation z he comes =? f ! h&s ( 8 tea*]4 ,! tea*] le>ns h[ to d x2 he has b to draw toge!r a mass ( ^? ideas :i* !mselves w comb9e 9 ! m9d into :i* !y effect an entrance1 &1 behold1 ! ?+ is done3 ! tea*] has done x2 he has select$ ! ideas1 %ewn ! correlation ( ea* ) ! o!r & ! "w is complete6 ,! ideas e/abli% !mselves1 ! mo/ pot5t rule & ga!r =ce1 & if ^! be good1 ! man is made4 ,"h1 = example1 is a s+le week's #8,correlation ( ,subjects' work$ out by a highly qualifi$ tea*]4 8,ari?metic 7,decimal ,fractions71 ,ma!matics 7,simple ,equations1 ,p>allelograms71 ,sci5ce 7,lat5t ,heat71 ,h\secraft 7,n]ves1 ,?\ght1 ,habits71 ,geography 7,scotl&1 ,g5]al ,indu/ries72 or1 aga91 = ano!r week1--"u ! same head+s1--,metric problems1 ,symbols 7f\r rules71 ,triangles 7sum angles71 ,ma*9]y1 ,circulation1 ,sculpture ( ! ,briti% ,isles40 ,! ideas1 no d\bt1 h an agility & ability :i* we d n possess & "k h[ to jump at ea* o!r & =m ! desir$ #8app]ception masses4' ,a successful & able mod]n educationali/ gives u a valuable introduction to ,h]b>tian ,pr9ciples1 &1 by way ( example1 8,a ,rob9son ,crusoe ,conc5tration ,s*eme10 a s]ies ( lessons giv5 to *ildr5 9 ,/&>d ,i 9 an ,elem5t>y ,s*ool4 ,fir/ we h n9e lessons 9 lit]ature & language1 ! subjects be+ su* z #8,rob9son climbs a hill & f9ds he is on an isl&4' ,!n1 t5 object lessons ( :i* ! fir/ is1--,! ,sea1 ! second1 ,a ,%ip f ,=eign ,p>ts1 ! six?1 ,a ,life-,boat1 ! sev5?1 ,%ell-,fi%1 ! t5?1 ,a ,cave4 ,h[ ^! #8objects' are to be produc$ "o does n see4 ,! ?ird s]ies are draw+ lessons1 probably z _m1 a boat1 a %ip1 an o>1 an an*or & s on4 ,!n foll[s a s]ies on manual tra9+1 /ill built ^u #8,rob9son'2 ! fir/1 a model ( ! sea-%ore2 !n1 models ( ,rob9son's isl&1 ( ,rob9son's h\se & ,rob9son's pott]y4 ,! next c\rse consi/s ( read+1 an indef9ite numb] ( lessons1--#8passages f ,! ,*ild's ,rob9son ,crusoe & f a g5]al ,read] on ! matt]s discuss$ 9 object lessons4' ,!n foll[s a s]ies ( writ+ lessons1 8simple composition on ! subject ( ! lessons 444 ! *ildr5 fram$ ! s5t5ces :i* ! tea*] wrote on ! blackbo>d & ! class copi$ aft]w>ds40 ,"h is "o composition1--8,rob9son sp5t 8 fir/ night 9 a tree4 ,9 ! morn+ he 0 hungry b he saw no?+ r\nd him b grass & trees )\t fruit4 ,on ! sea-%ore he f\nd "s %ell-fi% :i* he ate40 ,comp>e ?is ) ! volum9\s output ( *ildr5 ( six or sev5 work+ on ! ,p4,u4,s4 s*eme ^u any subject t !y "k2 )1 inde$1 ! pages !y w dictate aft] a s+le read+ ( a *apt] ( ,rob9son ,crusoe1 n a #8*ild's edition4' ,ari?metic foll[s )1 no d\bt1 z _m lessons1 8_m m5tal examples & simple problems dealt ) ,rob9son02 ! eigh? & la/ c\rse 0 9 s++ & recitation1--#8,i am mon>* ( all ,i survey1' etc4 8,! lessons la/$ ab\t =ty-five m9utes ea*4444 ,"u ord9>y conditions ! /ory ( #8,rob9son ,crusoe' w\ld be ! lead+ feature 9 ! "w ( a :ole ye> 444 9 comp>+ ! ,engli% classes ) ! ,g]man classes ,i h se5 /udy+ #8,rob9son ,crusoe' ,i 0 conv9c$ t ! eag]ness & int]e/ 0 z ke5 among ! *ildr5 "h z 9 ! ,g]man s*ools4444 ,"o easily sees :at a weal? ( mat]ial !re is 9 ! fur!r developm5t ( ! /ory40 ,"o does inde$6 ,! :ole ?+ mu/ be highly amus+ to ! tea*]1 z +5i\s amplifications self-produc$ always are3 t ! *ildr5 too 7 ent]ta9$1 "o does n d\bt4 ,! tea*] 0 probably at h] be/ 9 gett+ by %e] =ce mu* out ( little3 %e 01 9 fact1 act+ a "p & ! *ildr5 7 ent]ta9$ z at a %[1 c9ema or o!r2 b ( "o ?+ we may be sure1 an utt] di/a/e1 a loa?+1 on ! "p ( ! *ildr5 ev] aft]1 n only = #8,rob9son ,crusoe' b = e "o ( ! subjects lugg$ 9 to illu/rate 8 adv5tures4 ,we read else:]e ( an apple af=d+ a text = a hundr$ lessons1 includ+ ! mak+ ( a ladd]1 79 pap]71 to ga!r ! apples2 b1 alas1 ! eat+ ( ! worn-out apple is n sugge/$6 ,! au?or :om we quote = #8,rob9son ,crusoe' & :om we refra9 f nam+ because1 z a ,greek ,*orus might say1 #8we _c praise1' foll[s ! #8,rob9son' s]ies ) ano!r int]m9able s]ies on ! ,armada4 ,! consci5ti\s1 +5i\s & labori\s tea*]s :o produce ^! #8conc5tration s]ies' are little aw>e t ea* su* lesson is an act ( lse maje/4 ,! *ildr5 :o are capable ( & eag] = a wide range ( k & lit]>y expression are r$uc$ to inanities2 a life-long ennui is set up2 e approa* to k sugge/s av5ues = bor$om1 & ! *ildr5's m9ds sick5 & p]i% long be=e _! s*ool-days come to an end4 ,i h pursu$ ?is subject at "s l5g? because we1 too1 believe 9 ideas z ! prop] & only diet ^u :i* *ildr5's m9ds gr[4 ,we are m 9 ! d>k ab\t ,m9d ?an ab\t ,m>s6 ,we c b judge by effects1 & ^! appe> to po9t to ! conclusion t m9d is a #8spiritual organism4' 7,i ne$ n apologise = speak+ ( t :i* has no sub/ance z an #8organism1'--no great] a contradiction 9 t]ms ?an ,h]b>t's #8app]ception masses4'7 ,by an analogy ) ,body we conclude t ,m9d requires regul> & suffici5t su/5ance2 & t ?is su/5ance is af=d$ by ideas we may ga!r f ! insatiable eag]ness ) :i* ^! are appropriat$1 & ! evid5t gr[? & developm5t manife/$ "u su* pabulum4 ,t *ildr5 l feeble & t$i\s oral lessons1 feeble & t$i\s /ory books1 does n at all prove t ^! are :olesome food2 !y l lollipops b _c live ^u !m2 yet !re is a s]i\s attempt 9 c]ta9 s*ools to supply ! intellectual1 moral1 & religi\s ne$s ( *ildr5 by appropriate #8sweetmeats4' ,z ,i h said else:]e1 ! ideas requir$ = ! su/5ance ( *ildr5 are to be f\nd ma9ly 9 books ( lit]>y quality2 giv5 ^! ! m9d does = itself ! sort+1 arrang+1 select+1 reject+1 classify+1 :i* ,h]b>t leaves to ! /ruggle ( ! promiscu\s ideas :i* manage to cross ! ?re%old4 ,nor is ?is m]ely a nom9al di/9ction2 ,h]b>t 0 a philosoph] & !re=e 8 ?\ght embrac$ ! univ]sal4 ,probably few s*ools ( ! day are consci\sly foll[+ ! !ories ( ?is philosoph]2 b 9 mo/ s*ools1 9 ,engl& & else:]e1 s f> z any intellig5t rationale is foll[$ x is t ( ,h]b>t4 ,!re are _m reasons = ?is fact4 ,a s*eme :i* ?r[s ! :ole burd5 ( education on ! tea*]1 :i* exalts ! p]sonality ( ! tea*] z ! *ief ag5t 9 education1 :i* af=ds +5i\s1 int]e/+1 & m or less creative "w to a va/ numb] ( highly intellig5t & devot$ p]sons1 ^: passionate hope is to leave ! _w a little bett] ?an !y f\nd x by means ( ^? *ildr5 :om !y h rais$ to a high] level1 mu/ ne$s make a wide & successful appeal4 ,x appeals equally to ,education ,committees & s*ool manag]s4 ,consid] ! sav+ involv$ 9 ! notion t tea*]s are comp5diums ( all k1 t !y h b1 z x 71 to turn on ! tap & ! necess>y k fl[s =?4 ,all responsibility is %ift$1 & ! relief is v great4 ,n only s b lessons are delightful to wat* & to he>2 ! success ( jig-saw puzzles illu/rates a t5d5cy 9 human nature to delight 9 ! +5i\s putt+ toge!r ( unlikely ?+s1 z1 = example1 a lifebuoy & ,rob9son ,crusoe4 ,!re is a s]ies ( small triumphs to be obs]v$ any day ( ! week1 & ^! same triumphs are br\ght ab\t by dramatic display1--s +5i\s1 pleas+1 fasc9at+1 are ! ways 9 :i* ! tea*] *ooses to arrive at h] po9t4 ,i say #8h]' po9t because wom5 excel 9 ?is k9d ( tea*+1 b m5 d n come f> %ort4 ,:at ( ! *ildr5 !mselves8 ,!y1 too1 are amus$ & ent]ta9$1 !y enjoy ! puzzle-elem5t & greatly enjoy ! tea*] :o lays h]self out to attract !m4 ,!re is no flaw 9 ! practical work+ ( ! me?od :ile x is be+ c>ri$ out4 ,lat]1 x gives rise to dismay & anxiety among ?\ghtful p4 ,mu* wat] has run "u ! bridge s9ce sev]al ye>s ago ,mr4 ,a4 ,pat]son />tl$ u out ( self-complac5cy ) 8 ,across ! ,bridges4 ,we z a nation 7 well pleas$ at ! "t ) ! result ( our ef=ts2 no?+ c\ld be m intellig5t1 al]t1 bright]1 ?an ! sev5? /&>d boy ab\t to leave s*ool & take up 8 life "w4 ,conditions 7 unpropiti\s4 ,we "k ! old /ory ( invit+ bl9d alleys1 pres5t success & !n unemploym5t1 ) result+ depreciation 9 "*4 ,:at is to be done8 ,! "q ( aft] conditions is n[ be+ tak5 up s]i\sly4 ,we h ,cont9uation ,classes :i* ev5 if a boy be out ( "w w help him to ! ,*9ese art ( #8sav+ 8 face4' ,b ,mr4 ,pat]son condemns ! s*ools = ! rapidity ) :i* _! be/ boys run to se$4 ,he does n quote ! case ( ! boy :o gets "w1 e>ns fair wages1 conducts himself respectably1 goes to a #8,polyte*nic1' ! sort ( boy ) :om ,mr4 ,pett ,ridge makes u famili>1 :o is s mu* less ?an he might be1 s crude 9 8 notions1 s unmoral 9 8 pr9ciples1 s poor 9 int]e/s1 s meagre if n co>se 9 8 *oice ( pleasures & aft] all su* a good fell[ at bottom4 ,he might h be5 taught 9 s*ool to utilise 8 p[]s1 to come into ! enjoym5t ( ! f9e m9d t is 9 him2 b 9 s*ools1-- 8,!re is too mu* le>n+ & too little "w4 ,! tea*] ready to use ! p[]s t 8 tra9+ & exp]i5ce h giv5 him works too h>d :ile ! boy's %>e 9 ! /ruggle is too light4 ,x is possible to make education too easy = *ildr5 & to rob le>n+ ( ! m5tal discipl9e :i* (t5 we>ies b 9 ! end produces conc5tration & ! capacity to "w alone4444 ,he is r>ely left to himself ) ! book 9 8 h&s1 =c$ to conc5trate all 8 m9d on ! dull words be=e him ) no "o at h& to expla9 or make ! memory "w easi] by little tricks ( repetition & association4444 ,! boy :o rea*es ! sev5? /&>d ) e promise & ent]s ! s]vice ( a railway company is fir/ requir$ to sit d[n by himself & ma/] ! symbols ( ! telegraphic code4 ,?is he f9ds extremely irksome = ! only "w he has ev] done alone be=e is ! le>n+ ( racy poetry :i* is ! v milde/ =m ( m5tal discipl9e40 8#8,sil5t read+' is occasionally all[$ 9 odd half-h\rs 444 x might well be a regul> subject = read+ al\d is b a poor gift comp>$ ) ! practice ( read+ 9 private40#bb ,:at does 8 curriculum d = ! boy8 ,let u aga9 he> ,mr4 ,pat]son3--#bc 8,:at is ! educational ideal set be=e ! av]age boy ^: s*ool-days are to end at f\rte58 ,:at type is x t ! au?orities seek to produce8 ,a glance at ! syllabus w reassure ! ord9>y cynic :o /ill lab\rs "u ! qua9t delusion t ,fr5* & ,algebra & viol9-play+ are taught 9 e ,london ,elem5t>y ,s*ool at ! exp5se ( ! ratepay]4444 ,! syllabus 0 design$ to leave a boy at f\rte5 ) a ?or\ghly s\nd & practical k ( read+1 writ+ & ari?metic & ) su* gr\nd+ 9 ,engli%1 geography & hi/ory1 z may enable him to read a newspap] or give a vote ) "s idea ( :at he is do+4444 ,b ^! are all subsidi>y to tea*+ ! ?ree #8,r's' :i* betwe5 !m occupy m ?an half ! tw5ty-f\r h\rs ( tea*+ 9 ! week4444 ,x is c]ta9 t ! pres5t object 9 view is dispirit+ to ma/] & boy alike = a k ( read+1 writ+ & ari?metic is no education & no tra9+ b m]ely ! elem5t>y condition ( fur!r k4 ,9 _m s*ools ! boy is lab\r+ on ) ^! m]e rudim5ts = two or m ye>s aft] all reasonable requirem5ts h be5 satisfi$4 ,! intellig5t visitor look+ at ! note-books ( an av]age class w be amaz$ at ! high /&>d ( ! neatness & accuracy b he w f9d ! excell5ce ( a v visible ord]4 ,! h&writ+ is admirable1 sixte5 boys out ( ?irty c write compositions )\t a flaw 9 gramm> or spell+4 ,yet x w occur to him t ! p[]s ( volunt>y ?\ght & reason1 ( spontane\s enquiry & imag9ation1 h n be5 /irr$4 ,?is v p]fection ( =m makes him suspici\s z to ! fundam5tal pr9ciples ( our ,/ate curriculum4 ,9 ,public ,s*ools boys are n tra9$ to be lawy]s1 or p>sons1 or doctors1 b to be m54 ,if !y h le>n$ to "w sy/ematically & ?9k indep5d5tly !y are !n fit to be tra9$ = su* life & pr(ession z ta/e or necessity may dictate4 ,b at our ,elem5t>y ,s*ools we seem to aim at produc+ a nation ( cl]ks = x is only to a cl]k t ?is p]fection ( writ+ & spell+ is a necess>y tra9+40 ,! v faults ( 8 qualities nullify ! "w ( ! tea*]4 ,8 fail+ is t he does too mu*4 ,once m we quote our au?ority3-- 8,) ! av]age boy !re is a m>k$ wa/e ( m5tal capital betwe5 ! ages ( t5 & ?irte5 & ! aggregate ( ?is loss to ! c\ntry is heavy inde$4 ,t5 ye>s at s*ool conqu] _m ( ! drawbacks ( home & discov] a quick1 receptive m9d 9 ! normal *ild4444 ,_m opportunities h be5 lo/ 9 ^! ye>s ( s*ool b aft] f\rte5 !re is a m disa/r\s relapse4 ,! bra9 is n tax$ aga9 & %rivels into a m]e c5tre ( limit$ =mul act+ automatically 9 response to appetite or s5sation4 ,! boy's g5]al education fails utt]ly4 ,asia is b a "n t x is difficult to spell ?\gh at s*ool he spoke ( its riv]s & ports4444 ,x is probable t ! vocabul>y ( a work+ man at =ty is actually small] ?an x 0 at f\rte5 s %runk is ! p[] ( ! m9d to fe$ ^u ! gr[+ exp]i5ce ( life4444 ,( ! majority ( boys x is true to say t only half _! ability is ev] us$ 9 ! "w !y f9d to d on leav+ s*ool1 ! o!r half curls up & sleeps = ev]40 ,"h we h a depress+ prospect ( griev\s wa/e 9 ! future4 ,we all applaud ! ,education ,act ( #aiah1 are conv9c$ t e boy & girl w receive education until ! end ( 8 sixte5?1 possibly eighte5?1 ye>4 ,a wave ( g5]\s feel+ pass$ ov] ! nation & employ]s 7 will+ to support ! law2 & if ! eight h\rs conc$$ be sp5t 9 mak+ ! "y p m reliable1 intellig5t & responsible p]sons no d\bt ! employ]s w be rew>d$ = _! g5]osity4 ,b !re are rocks ahead4 ,! only way to take advantage ( ?is provision is to make ?is an eight h\rs' ,univ]sity c\rse4 ,n[ z ,mr4 ,pat]son happily rem>ks ! ,univ]sities d n und]take to prep>e b>ri/]s1 p>sons1 /ockbrok]s1 bank]s1 or ev5 soldi]s & sailors1 ) a specialis$ k prop] = ea* pr(ession4 ,_! implicit cont5tion is1 giv5 a well-educat$ man ) cultivat$ imag9ation1 tra9$ judgm5t1 wide int]e/s1 & he is prep>$ to ma/] ! intricacies ( any pr(ession2 :ile he kn[s at ! same "t h[ to make use ( himself1 ( ! p[]s ) :i* nature & education h end[$ him = 8 own happ9ess2 ! delightful employm5t ( 8 leisure2 = ! increas$ happ9ess ( 8 neighb\rs & ! well-be+ ( ! community2 t is1 su* a man is able1 n only to e>n 8 liv+1 b to live4 ,! ,univ]sities fulfil ?is claim2 ! v>i\s pr(essions ab\nd ) m5 :o1 9 newspap] phrase1 are #8ornam5ts to _! pr(essions1' & :o gave up leisure & means to s]ve _! fell[-citiz5s z magi/rates1 *ur*w>d5s1 memb]s ( committees1 special con/ables :5 ne$$1 until lately1 memb]s ( ,p>liam5t1 hold+ s]vice z an hon\r1 & z pr\d z 0 #8,godfrey ,b]tram1' t unhappy laird 9 ,guy ,mann]+1 to write #8,j4,p4' aft] _! names4 ,! enorm\s am\nt ( volunt>y s]vice r5d]$ 9 su* ways ?r\gh\t ! ,empire z well z t ( insuffici5tly1 or duly1 paid s]vice ju/ifies ! ,univ]sities 9 _! read+ ( _! peculi> function4 ,b n only s1 g5]\s dis9t]e/$ "w c nev] be paid =1 & our great /atesm51 *ur*m51 soldi]s & civil s]vants1 z well z ! memb]s ( ,c\nty1 ,municipal1 & ,urban ,di/rict ,c\ncils1 h done _! devoir ov] & above ! bond4 ,to secure ?is same spl5didly devot$ volunt>y s]vice f all classes is ! task set be=e u z a nation1 a task ! m easy because we h all se5 x fulfill$ 9 ! ,w> :5 e man 0 a pot5tial h]o4 ,n[ is x n ! fact t ! ,army prov$ itself an unequall$ ,univ]sity = our m51 (f]+ !m increas$ k1 broad views1 l(ty aims1 duty & discipl9e1 along ) ! f9e/ physical culture8 ,s mu* s1 t in/ead ( go+ on f :]e ! ,w> left (f1 we h to be on ! wat* aga9/ retrograde movem5ts1 physical1 moral1 intellectual4 ,! d[nw>d grade is always at h& & we "k h[ easy x is4 ,we _c af=d ano!r great w> = ! education ( our p b we mu/ 9 "s way supply ! #8,univ]sity' elem5t & ,mr4 ,fi%]'s great ,act po9ts out su* a way4 ,! "y p are = f\r ye>s 7a prop] academic p]iod7 to be "u influ5ces t make = #8sweetness & light4' ,b we mu/ keep to ! academic ideal3 all prep>ation = specialis$ indu/ries %\ld be taboo4 ,special tea*+ t[>ds eng9e]+1 cotton-sp9n+1 & ! re/1 is q unnecess>y = e manufactur] kn[s t giv5 a #8likely' lad he w soon be turn$ into a good workman 9 ! works !mselves4 ,! spl5did record ( wom5 work]s 9 ! w> supports our cont5tion4 ,! ef=ts ( ,te*nical ,s*ools & ! l are n greatly priz$ by ! heads ( firms s f> z ! te*nical k !y af=d goes4 ,boys f !m are employ$ r on ! (f *ance t !y may turn out intellig5t & apt ?an = :at !y "k be=eh& ( ! bus9ess4 ,"h is "o m reason = treat+ ! ,cont9uation ,s*ool z ! ,p's ,univ]sity & absolutely es*ew+ all money-mak+ arts & crafts4 ,d5m>k & ,sc&9avia h tri$ ?is g5]\s policy ( educat+ "y p1 n accord+ to ! requirem5ts ( _! trade b accord+ to _! natural capacity to "k & _! natural desire = k1 t desire to "k hi/ory1 poetry1 sci5ce1 art1 :i* is natural to e man2 & ! success ( ! exp]im5t n[ a c5tury old is an object lesson = ! re/ ( ! _w4 ,g]many has pursu$ a diff]5t ideal4 ,h] ef=ts1 too1 h be5 great1 unifi$ by ! idea ( utility2 &1 if we w only rememb] ! lesson1 ! w> has %[n u h[ futile is an education :i* af=ds no moral or intellectual uplift1 no motive high] ?an ! le>n]'s peculi> advantage & t ( ! ,/ate4 ,g]many became morally bankrupt 7= a season only1 let u hope7 n solely because ( ! w> b z ! result ( an education :i* ignor$ ! ?+s ( ! _s or gave ^! a nom9al place & a poor r5d]+ 9 a utilit>ian syllabus4 ,we are enc\rag$ to face ! fact boldly t x is a ,p's ,univ]sity we %\ld aim at1 a ,univ]sity ) its ?\s&s ( ,colleges up & d[n ! l&1 ea* ( !m ! ,cont9uation ,s*ool 7! "n is n invit+7 = "s "o neighb\rhood4 ,b1 x w be argu$1 ! subject matt] ( a ,univ]sity education is convey$ = ! mo/ "p ?r\gh ! *annel ( dead languages1 ,lat9 & ,greek4 ,our cont5tion is t1 h[ev] ennobl+ ! lit]ature 9 ^! tongues1 we _c hone/ly all[ our ,engli% lit]ature to take a second place to any o!r1 & t !re=e :atev] ,sophocles1 ,?ucydides1 ,virgil1 h x 9 !m to d t[>ds a high] education1 may be effect$ m readily by ,milton1 ,gibbon1 ,%akespe>e1 ,bacon1 & a multitude ( great ?9k]s :o are !re=e great writ]s4 ,le>n+ convey$ 9 our common spee* is easi] come by ?an t secret$ 9 a dead language & ?is fact w help u to deal ) ! inadequacy ( ! p]iod all[$4 ,giv5 absolute att5tion1 & we c d mu* ) f\r hundr$ h\rs a ye> 7#a1fjj h\rs 9 our f\r ye>s' c\rse7 b only if we g to "w ) a c]ta9ty t ! "y /ud5ts crave k ( :at we call ! #8humanities1' t !y read ) absolute att5tion & t1 hav+ read1 !y "k4 ,!y w welcome ! prep>ation = public speak+1 an ef=t = :i* ev]yone mu/ qualify 9 ^! days1 :i* ! act ( n>ration (f]s4 ,! alt]native is "s su* conc5tration s*eme z t indicat$ 9 ,rob9son ,crusoe1--a ye>'s "w on soap1 its manufacture1 +r$i5ts1 ! ,soap ,trade1 ,soap ,transport1 ! ,uses ( ,soap1 h[ to make out a ,soap invoice1 ! ,sorts ( ,soap1 & s on ad inf9itum4 ,ea* process 9 ! iron1 cotton1 nail1 p91 eng9e1 button1--ea* process 9 our ?\s& & "o manufactures--w (f] its own +5i\s ,conc5tration ,s*eme4 ,! advocates ( utilit>ian education w be delight$1 ! "y /ud5ts w be kept busy & w to "s ext5t use _! wits all ! "t4 ,) :at result8 ,"s two c5turies ago :5 a movem5t = adolesc5t education agitat$ ,europe1 deva/at$ by ! ,napoleonic w>s1 we ,engli% took our "p4 ,! curr5t e>ly divid$ into two /reams1 ! mat]ial & ! spiritual1 ! useful & ! educative1 & ,engl&1 already great 9 manufactures1 0 c>ri$ along by ! fir/ ( ^! /reams1 foll[$ by ,g]many1 ,france1 ,switz]l&2 :ile ! ,sc&9avian gr\p ( c\ntries le>n$ at ! lips ( t #8,fa!r ( ! ,p's ,high ,s*ools' t 8_s is might1 _s reveals itself 9 _s1 _s works only 9 fre$om40 ,we see ! apo!osis ( utilit>ian education 9 ! ,muni* s*ools on ! "o h& & 9 ! morale ( ! ,g]man army on ! o!r4 ,b we are sl[ to le>n because we h set up a little t9 god ( effici5cy 9 t ni*e )9 our private pan!on :i* %\ld be occupi$ by p]sonality4 ,we tr\ble ourselves ab\t ! uses ( ! "y p]son to society4 ,z = 8 own use1 :at he %\ld be 9 & = himself1 :y1 :at matt]8 ,because1 say we1 if we fit him to e>n 8 liv+ we fit him also to be ( s]vice to ! _w & :at bett] c we d = him p]sonally8 ,we =get t x is writt51 ,man %all n live by bread alone1 b by e ^w t proce$e? out ( ! m\? ( ,god %all man live1--:e!r x be spok5 9 ! way ( "s tru? ( religion1 poem1 picture1 sci5tific discov]y1 or lit]>y expression2 by ^! ?+s m5 live & 9 all su* is ! life ( ! _s4 ,! spiritual life requires ! food ( ideas = its daily bread4 ,we %all f9d1 9 ! words ( a well-kn[n ,sw$i% pr(essor1 t1 8j z enri*m5t ( ! soil gives ! be/ conditions = ! se$ s[n 9 x s a well-gr\nd$ humani/ic tra9+ provides ! sure/ basis = a bus9ess capacity1 & n ! lea/ s 9 ! case ( ! com+ f>m]40 ,b we ne$ n g s f> afield1 we h a prophet ( our own1 & ,i w close ?is "p ( my subject by quot+ c]ta9 ( ,mr4 ,fi%]'s words ( wisdom3-- 8,n[ let me say some?+ ab\t ! cont5t ( education1 ab\t ! ?+s :i* %\ld be actually taught 9 ! s*ools1 & ,i am only go+ to talk 9 ! v broade/ possible way4 ,9 my aft]noon's read+ ,i came ^u ano!r v apposite rem>k 9 ! lett]s ( ,john ,/u>t ,mill4 ,let me read x to y3-- #8,:at ! poor1 z well z ! ri*1 require is n to be taught o!r p's op9ions1 b to be induc$ & enabl$ to ?9k = !mselves4 ,x is n physical sci5ce t w d ?is1 ev5 if !y c\ld le>n x mu* m ?or\ghly ?an !y are able to d4' 8,! "y p ( ?is c\ntry are n to be reg5]at$ by economic doctr9e or economic hi/ory or physical sci5ce2 !y c only be elevat$ by ideas :i* act ^u ! imag9ation & act ^u ! "* & influ5ce ! s\l1 & x is ! function ( all good tea*]s to br+ ^? ideas be=e !m4 8,i h sometimes he>d x said t y %\ld n tea* patriotism 9 ! s*ool4 ,i diss5t f t doctr9e4 ,i ?9k t patriotism %\ld be taught 9 ! s*ools4 ,i w tell y :at ,i mean by patriotism4 ,by patriotism ,i d n mean ,j+oism1 b :at ,i mean by patriotism is an intellig5t appreciation ( all ?+s noble 9 ! romances1 9 ! lit]ature & 9 ! hi/ory ( "o's own c\ntry4 ,"y p %\ld be taught to admire :at is great :ile !y are at s*ool4 ,& rememb] t = ! poor ( ?is c\ntry ! s*ool is a f> m important factor ?an x is = ! ri* p ( ?is c\ntry4444 8,i say t ,i want patriotism 9 ! l>g] s5se ( ! t]m taught 9 ! s*ools4 ,( c\rse !re is a great deal to criticise 9 any c\ntry1 & ,i %\ld be ! la/ p]son to sugge/ t ! critical faculty %\ld n be ex]cis$ & tra9$ at s*ool4 ,b be=e we tea* *ildr5 to criticise ! in/itutions ( _! c\ntry1 be=e we tea* !m to be critical ( :at is bad1 let u tea* !m to recognize & admire :at is good4 ,aft] all life is v %ort2 we all ( u h only "o life to live1 & dur+ t life let u get into ourselves z mu* love1 z mu* admiration1 z mu* elevat+ pleasure z we c1 & if we view education m]ely z discipl9e 9 critical bitt]ness1 !n we %all lose all ! sweets ( life & we %all make ourselves unnecess>ily mis]able4 ,!re is q en\gh sorr[ & h>d%ip 9 ?is _w z x is )\t introduc+ x prematurely to "y p40 444 ,n4,b4--,probably "s educational au?orities may decide to give "o h\r or two weekly to physical tra9+ & h&icrafts1 9 :i* case ! "t-table mu/ all[ = s mu* ! less read+4 ,b ,i %\ld l to urge t1 ) ! long ev5+ leisure ( :i* !re is promise1 ,club life w become an important feature 9 e village & di/rict4 ,classes w c]ta9ly be arrang$ = milit>y & o!r drills1 gymna/ics1 danc+1 s++1 swimm+1 c>p5try1 cook+1 nurs+1 dress-mak+1 weav+1 pott]y1 act+1--9 fact1 :atev] ! quick5$ intellig5ce ( ! community dem&s4 ,no compulsion w\ld be necess>y to en=ce att5dance at classes1 = :i* ! ma*9]y is already 9 exi/5ce 9 mo/ places1 & :i*1 associat$ ) ,club life1 w\ld h c]ta9 social attractions 9 ! way ( public displays1 prize giv+s & s on4 ,! intellectual life ( ! ,cont9uation ,s*ool %\ld give ze/ to ^! ev5+ occupations z well z to ! ,saturday ,field ,club :i* no neighb\rhood %\ld be )\t4 ,i h put ! case = ,cont9uation ,s*ools z /rongly z may be1 b !re is a m excell5t way4 ,9 ^! days ( high wages x may well happ5 t p>5ts w be will+ to let _! *ildr5 rema9 at s*ool until ! end ( _! sev5te5? ye>1 9 :i* case !y w be able to g on ) ! #8second>y education' :i* !y h begun at ! age ( six & we %all see a new ?+ 9 ! _w4 ,e man & woman w h receiv$ a lib]al education2 life w no long] disc\nt ! ideas & aims ( ! s*oolroom1 &1 if accord+ to ! ,platonic say+1 8,k is virtue10 k in=m$ by religion1 we %all see ev5 9 our own day h[ righte\sness exalte? a nation4 ,,*apt] ,,viii ,i4--,,! ,,way ,,( ,,! ,,w ,we may (f] to *ildr5 two guides to moral & intellectual self-managem5t :i* we may call #8! ,way ( ! ,w' & #8! ,way ( ! ,reason4' ,! ,way ( ! ,w3 ,*ildr5 %\ld be taught 7a7 to di/+ui% betwe5 #8,i want' & #8,i w4' 7b7 ,t ! way to w effectively is to turn our ?\ghts away f t :i* we desire b d n w4 7c7 ,t ! be/ way to turn our ?\ghts is to ?9k ( or d "s q diff]5t ?+1 ent]ta9+ or int]e/+4 7d7 ,t aft] a little re/ 9 ?is way1 ! w returns to its "w ) new vig\r4 7,?is adjunct ( ! w is famili> to u z div]sion1 ^: (fice x is to ease u = a "t f w ef=t t we may #8w' aga9 ) add$ p[]4 ,! use ( sugge/ion z an aid to ! w is to be deprecat$1 z t5d+ to /ultify & /]eotype "*4 ,x w\ld seem t spontaneity is a condition ( developm5t1 & t human nature ne$s ! discipl9e ( failure z well z ( success47 ,! great ?+s ( life1 life itself1 are n easy ( def9ition4 ,! ,w1 we are told1 is #8! sole practical faculty ( man4' ,b :o is to def9e ! ,w8 ,we are told aga9 t #8! ,w is ! man'2 & yet mo/ m5 g ?r\gh life )\t a s+le def9ite act ( will+4 ,habit1 conv5tion1 ! cu/oms ( ! _w h done s mu* = u t we get up1 dress1 breakfa/1 foll[ our morn+'s occupations1 our lat] relaxations1 )\t an act ( *oice4 ,= ?is mu* at any rate we "k ab\t ! w4 ,its function is to *oose1 to decide1 & !re seems to be no d\bt t ! great] becomes ! ef=t ( decision ! weak] gr[s ! g5]al w4 ,op9ions are provid$ = u1 we take our pr9ciples at second or ?ird h&1 our habits are suitable & conv5i5t1 & :at m is necess>y = a dec5t & ord]ly life8 ,b ! "o a*ievem5t possible & necess>y = e man is "*2 & "* is z f9ely wr\ght metal beat5 into %ape & beauty by ! repeat$ & accu/om$ action ( w4 ,we :o tea* %\ld make x cle> to ourselves t our aim 9 education is less conduct ?an "*2 conduct may be arriv$ at1 z we h se51 by indirect r\tes1 b x is ( value to ! _w only z x has its s\rce 9 "*4 ,e assault ^u ! fle% & _s ( man is an attack h[ev] insidi\s ^u 8 p]sonality1 8 w2 b a new ,armag$don is ^u u 9 s f> z t ! attack is no long] indirect b is aim$ consci\sly & directly at ! w1 :i* is ! man2 & we %all escape becom+ a nation ( imbeciles only because !re w always be p]sons ( good w among/ u :o w resi/ ! g5]al tr5d4 ,! (fice ( p>5ts & tea*]s is to turn out su* p]sons ( good w2 t !y %\ld delib]ately weak5 ! moral fibre ( _! *ildr5 by sugge/ion is a v grave (f5ce & a ?\ghtful exam9ation ( ! subject %\ld act z a suffici5t det]r5t4 ,=1 let u consid]4 ,:at we d ) ! w we describe z volunt>y4 ,:at we d )\t ! consci\s action ( w is involunt>y4 ,! w has only "o mode ( action1 its function is to #8*oose1' & ) e *oice we make we gr[ 9 =ce ( "*4 ,f ! cradle to ! grave sugge/ions cr[d ^u u1 & su* sugge/ions become "p ( our education because we mu/ *oose betwe5 !m4 ,b a sugge/ion giv5 by int5t & support$ by an outside p]sonality has an add$ /r5g? :i* few are able to resi/1 j because ! *oice has be5 made by ano!r & n by ourselves1 & our t5d5cy is to accept ?is vic>i\s *oice & foll[ ! pa? ( lea/ resi/ance4 ,no d\bt mu* ( ?is vic>i\s *oos+ is done = our good1 :e!r = our heal? ( body or am5abl5ess ( m9d2 b ^? :o propose sugge/ion z a means ( education d n consid] t ) e su* attempt ^u a *ild !y weak5 t :i* %\ld make a man ( him1 8 own p[] ( *oice4 ,! p>asitic creatures :o live ^u ! habits1 pr9ciples & op9ions ( o!rs may easily become crim9al4 ,!y only wait ! occasion ( "s popul> outbur/ to be c>ri$ into su* a fury ( crime z ! ,gordon ,riots pres5t$3 a mad fury ( :i* we h _h t]rible examples 9 our own day1 ?\gh we h fail$ to ascribe !m to _! prop] cause1 ! und]m9+ ( ! w ( ! p1 :o h n be5 in/ruct$ 9 t ord]+ ( ! w :i* is _! *ief function z m5 & wom54 ,8 w is ! safegu>d ( a man aga9/ ! unlawful intrusion ( o!r p]sons4 ,we are taught t !re are (f5ces aga9/ ! bodies ( o!rs :i* may n be committ$1 b :o tea*es u t we may n intrude ^u ! m9ds & ov]rule ! wills ( o!rs2 t x is indec5t to let ano!r probe ! ?\ghts ( ! #8unconsci\s m9d' :e!r ( *ild or man8 ,n[ ! ?\ght t we *oose is commonly ! ?\ght t we ought to ?9k & ! "p ( ! tea*] is to af=d to ea* *ild a full res]voir ( ! "r ?\ght ( ! _w to draw f4 ,= "r ?9k+ is by no means a matt] ( self-expression4 ,"r ?\ght fl[s ^u ! /imulus ( an idea1 & ideas are /or$ z we h se5 9 books & pictures & ! lives ( m5 & nations2 ^! in/ruct ! consci5ce & /imulate ! w1 & man or *ild #8*ooses4' ,an accompli%$ /atesman#bd exhibit$ to u lately h[ ! dis9tegration ( a great empire 0 br\ght ab\t by ! weakness ( its rul]s :o all[$ _! w-p[] to be tamp]$ )1 _! judgm5t sugge/$1 _! actions direct$1 by ^? :o ga9$ access to !m4 ,!re is no occasion = panic1 b x is "t t we realis$ t to =tify ! w is "o ( ! great purposes ( education1 & probably "s /udy ( ! map ( ! ,city ( ,mans\l w\ld af=d u guidance3 at lea/1 a bird's eye view ( ! ri*es ( ! ,city %\ld be spread be=e *ildr54 ,!y %\ld !mselves "k ( ! wond]ful capacities to ent] ^u ! _w z a great inh]itance :i* exi/ 9 e human be+4 ,all its beauty & all its ?\ght are op5 to ev]yone4 ,ev]yone may take s]vice = ! _w's use1 ev]yone may climb ^? delectable m\nta9s f :5ce he gets ! vision ( ! ,city ( ,god4 ,he mu/ "k some?+ ( 8 body ) its s5ses & its appetites3 ( 8 intellect1 imag9ation & /hetic s5se3 ( 8 moral nature1 ord]$ by love & ju/ice4 ,realis+ h[ mu* is possible to ,mans\l & ! p]ils t assail x1 he %\ld "k t ! duty ( self-direction belongs to him2 & t p[]s = ?is direction are lodg$ 9 him1 z are intellect & imag9ation1 hung] & ?ir/4 ,^! gov]n+ p[]s are ! consci5ce & ! w4 ,! :ole ord]+ ( education ) its hi/ory1 poetry1 ari?metic1 pictures1 is bas$ on ! assumption t consci5ce is incapable ( ord]+ life )\t regul> & progressive in/ruction4 ,we ne$ in/ruction also conc]n+ ! w4 ,p]sons commonly suppose t ! action ( ! w is automatic1 b no p[] ( ,mans\l acts by itself & ( itself1 & "s little /udy ( ! #8way ( ! w'--:i* has ! ord]+ ( e o!r p[]--may help u to und]/& ! functions ( ?is ,premi] 9 ! k+dom ( ,mans\l4 ,e>ly 9 8 te5s we %\ld at lea/ put cle>ly be=e a *ild ! possibility ( a drift+1 easy life l$ by appetite or desire 9 :i* w plays no "p2 & ! o!r possibility ( us+ ! p[] & responsibility prop] to him z a p]son & will+ z he goes4 ,he mu/ be safegu>d$ f "s fallacies4 ,no d\bt he has he>d at home t ,baby has a /rong w because he cries = a knife & insi/s on pull+ d[n ! table-clo?4 ,9 8 hi/ory lessons & 8 read+s ( tale & poem1 he comes across p]sons ea* ( :om c>ries 8 po9t by /rong wilfulness4 ,he laughs at t ra% boy ,phaton1 measures ,esau ) a consid]+ eye1 f9ds him m attractive ?an ,jacob :o yet w9s high] approval2 p]ceives t ,esau is wilful b t ,jacob has a /rong w1 & ?r\gh ?is & _m o!r examples1 recognises t a /rong w is n synonym\s ) #8be+ good1' nor ) a det]m9ation to h y\r own way4 ,he le>ns to di/ribute ! *>act]s he comes across 9 8 read+ on ei!r side ( a l9e1 ^? :o are wilful & ^? :o are gov]n$ by w2 & ?is l9e by no means sep>ates betwe5 ! bad & ! good4 ,x does divide1 h[ev]1 betwe5 ! impulsive1 self-pleas+1 self-seek+1 & ! p]sons :o h an aim beyond & outside ( !mselves1 ev5 ?\gh x be an aim appall+ z t ( ,milton's ,satan4 ,x foll[s = him t he mu/ n only w1 b w ) a view to an object outside himself4 ,he w le>n to recognise 9 ,l\is ,,xi a mean man & a great k+1 because ,france & n himself 0 ! object ( 8 crook$ policy4 ,! w1 too1 is ( sl[ gr[?1 n\ri%$ ^u ! ideas propos$ to x1 & s all ?+s "w toge!r = good to ! *ild :o is duly educat$4 ,x is well t *ildr5 %\ld "k t :ile ! turbul5t p]son is n rul$ by w at all b by impulse1 ! movem5t ( 8 passions or desires1 yet x is possible to h a con/ant w ) unwor?y or evil ends1 or1 ev5 to h a /eady w t[>ds a good end & to compass t end by unwor?y means4 ,! simple rectifi$ w1 :at our ,"l calls #8! s+le eye1' w\ld appe> to be ! "o ?+ ne$ful = /raight liv+ & s]viceabl5ess4 ,b always ! fir/ condition ( w1 good or ill1 is an object outside ( self4 ,! boy or girl :o sees ?is w und]/& t self-culture is n to be accept$ z an ideal1 w n wond] :y ,bu%ido is mighty 9 ,japan1 w ent] into ! problem :i* ,br[n+ raises 9 ,! ,/atue & ! ,bu/4 ,by degrees ! s*ol> w p]ceive t j z to reign is ! di/9ctive function ( a k+1 s to w is ! function ( a man4 ,a k+ is n a k+ unless he reigns & a man is less ?an a man unless he wills4 ,ano!r ?+ to be obs]v$ is t ev5 ! con/ant w has its times ( rise & fall1 & "o ( ! secrets ( liv+ is h[ to tide ov] ! times ( fall 9 w p[]4 ,! boy mu/ le>n too t ! w is subject to solicitations all r\nd1 f ! lu/ ( ! fle% & ! lu/ ( ! eye & ! pride ( life2 t w does n act alone2 x takes ! :ole man to w & a man wills wisely1 ju/ly & /rongly1 9 proportion z all 8 p[]s are 9 tra9+ & "u in/ruction4 ,we mu/ und]/& 9 ord] to w4 8,h[ is t ye w n und]/&80 said our ,"l to ! ,jews2 & t is ! way ) mo/ ( u1 we w n und]/&4 ,we look out = great occasions :i* d n come & d n see t ! sph]e = ! action ( our wills is 9 ourselves4 ,our conc]n ) life is to be fit1 & accord+ to our fitness come our occasions & ! uses we %all be put to4 ,unlike e o!r p[] 9 ! k+dom ( ,mans\l1 ! w is able to d :at x likes1 is a free ag5t1 & ! "o ?+ ! w has to d is to pref]4 8,*oose ye ?is day10 is ! comm& t comes to ea* ( u 9 e affair & on e day ( our lives1 & ! bus9ess ( ! w is to *oose4 ,b1 *oice1 ! ef=t ( decision1 is a heavy lab\r1 :e!r x be betwe5 two lov]s or two g[ns4 ,s1 _m p m9imise ?is lab\r by foll[+ ! fa%ion 9 _! clo!s1 rooms1 read+1 amusem5ts1 ! pictures !y admire & ! fri5ds !y select4 ,we are zeal\s 9 *oos+ = o!rs b %irk ! responsibility ( decisions = ourselves4 ,:at is to be said ab\t ob$i5ce1 to ! heads ( ! h\se fir/1 to ! ,/ate1 to ! ,*ur*1 & always to ! laws ( ,god8 ,ob$i5ce is ! te/1 ! su/a9] ( p]sonality1 b x mu/ be ! ob$i5ce ( *oice2 because *oice is labori\s1 little *ildr5 mu/ be tra9$ 9 ! ob$i5ce ( habit2 b e gallant boy & girl has le>n$ to *oose to obey all :o are set 9 au?ority4 ,su* ob$i5ce is ( ! ess5ce ( *ivalry & *ivalry is t temp] ( m9d oppos$ to self-seek+4 ,! *ivalr\s p]son is a p]son ( con/ant w =1 z we h se51 w _c be ex]cis$ /eadily = ends ( p]sonal ga94 ,x is well to "k :at x is we *oose betwe54 ,?+s are only signs :i* repres5t ideas & sev]al times a day we %all f9d two ideas pres5t$ to our m9ds & mu/ make our *oice ^u "r & reasonable gr\nds4 ,we %all ?us be on our gu>d aga9/ ! weak all[ance :i* we cause to d duty = *oice & aga9/ su* di%one/ fallacies z1 t x is our bus9ess to get ! be/ t is to be _h at ! l[e/ price2 & x is n only 9 matt]s ( dress & ornam5t1 h\sehold use & decoration1 t we run aft] ! *eape/ & newe/4 ,we *ase op9ions & ideas ) ! same re/lessness & unc]ta9ty2 any fad1 any notion 9 ! newspap]s1 we pick up ) eag]ness4 ,once aga91 ! w is ! man4 ,! bus9ess ( ! w is to *oose4 ,!re are _m ways to get out ( ! task ( *oos+ b x is always1--8,*oose y ?is day :om ye w s]ve40 ,!re are two s]vices op5 to u all1 ! s]vice ( ,god1 7includ+ t ( man7 & ! s]vice ( self4 ,if our aim is j to get on1 #8to d ourselves well1' to get all possible ease1 luxury & pleasure out ( our lives1 we are s]v+ self & = ! s]vice ( self no act ( w is requir$4 ,our appetites & desires are always at h& to spur u into ! necess>y ex]tions4 ,b if we s]ve ,god & our neighb\r1 we h to be always on ! wat* to *oose betwe5 ! ideas t pres5t !mselves4 ,:at ! spr+ is to ! ye>1 s*ool days are to our life4 ,y meet a man ^: bus9ess 9 ! _w appe>s to be to eat & dr9k1 play golf & motor2 he may h ano!r & deep] life t we "k no?+ ab\t1 b1 s f> z we c see1 he has enli/$ 9 ! s]vice ( self4 ,y meet ano!r1 a man ( position1 do+ important "w1 & 8 ideas are ^? he receiv$ f ! great m5 :o taught him at s*ool & ,college4 ,! ,greek ,plays are 8 hobby4 ,he is op5 to great ?\ghts & ready = s]vice1 because t :i* we get 9 our y\? we keep ?r\gh our lives4 ,?\gh ! w affects all our actions & all our ?\ghts1 its direct action is conf9$ to a v little place1 to t po/]n at ei!r side ( :i* /& consci5ce & reason1 & at :i* ideas mu/ ne$s pres5t !mselves4 ,%all we take an idea 9 or reject x8 ,consci5ce & reason h _! say1 b w is supreme & ! behavi\r ( w is det]m9$ by all ! pr9ciples we h ga!r$1 all ! op9ions we h =m$4 ,we accept ! notion1 pond] x4 ,at fir/ we vaguely int5d to act ^u x2 !n we =m a def9ite purpose1 !n a resolution & !n comes an act or g5]al temp] ( m9d4 ,we are told ( ,rudy>d ,kipl+ t 8 great ambition & desire at "o "t 0 to keep a tobacconi/'s %op4 ,:y8 ,because 9 ?is way he c\ld get into human t\* ) ! m5 :o came to buy _! weekly all[ance ( tobacco4 ,happily = ! _w he did n become a tobacconi/ b ! idea :i* mov$ him 9 ! fir/ place has act$ ?r\gh\t 8 life4 ,always he has m51 "y m51 ab\t him & :o kn[s h[ _m he has mov$ to become #8,capta9s ,c\rage\s' by 8 talk z well z by 8 books6 ,b suppose an unwor?y idea pres5t itself at ! po/]n1 support$ by public op9ion1 by reason1 = :i* ev5 consci5ce f9ds pleas8 ,! w soon we>ies ( opposition1 & :at is to be done8 ,fight x out8 ,t is :at ! m$ival ,*ur* did ) ^? ideas :i* x rightly reg>d$ z temptations2 ! la%1 ! hair %irt1 ! /one c\*1 ! emaciat$ frame told ( ^! n too successful ,armag$dons4 ,:5 ! ov]/ra9$ w asks = repose1 x may n relax to yield+ po9t b may & mu/ seek recreation1 div]sion1--,lat9 ?\ght has af=d$ u beautiful & appropriate names = t :i* we require4 ,a *ange ( physical or m5tal occupation is v good1 b if no o!r *ange is conv5i5t1 let u ?9k ( some?+ else1 no matt] h[ trifl+4 ,a new tie1 or our next new hat1 a /ory book we are read+1 a fri5d we hope to see1 any?+ does s long z we d n sugge/ to ourselves ! ?\ghts we ought to ?9k on ! subject 9 "q4 ,! w does n want ! support ( argum5ts b ! recreation ( re/1 *ange1 div]sion4 ,9 a surpris+ly %ort "t x is able to return to ! *>ge & to *oose ?is day ! pa? ( duty1 h[ev] dull or tiresome1 difficult or dang]\s4 ,?is #8way ( ! w' is a secret ( p[]1 ! secret ( self-gov]nm5t1 ) :i* p %\ld be furni%$1 n only = ease 9 practical "r do+1 or = advance 9 ! religi\s life1 b also = _! intellectual well-be+4 ,our claim to free w is a righte\s claim2 w c only be free1 :e!r its object be "r or wrong2 x is a matt] ( *oice & !re is no *oice b free *oice4 ,b we are apt to translate free w into free ?\ght4 ,we all[ ourselves to sanction intellectual an>*ism & =get t x re/s ) ! w to ord] ! ?\ghts ( ! m9d fully z mu* z ! feel+s ( ! he>t or ! lu/s ( ! fle%4 ,our ?\ghts are n our own & we are n free to ?9k z we *oose4 ,! injunction1--8,*oose ye ?is day10 applies to ! ?\ghts :i* we all[ ourselves to receive4 ,w is ! "o free ag5t ( ,mans\l1 w alone may accept or reject2 & w is !re=e responsible = e intellectual problem :i* has prov$ too mu* = a man's sanity or = 8 moral probity4 ,we may n ?9k :at we please on %all[ matt]s or pr(\nd4 ,! in/ruct$ consci5ce & tra9$ reason support ! w 9 ^? ?+s1 little & great1 by :i* m5 live4 ,! ord]+ ( ! w is n an affair ( sudd5 resolve2 x is ! outcome ( a sl[ & ord]$ education 9 :i* precept & example fl[ 9 f ! lives & ?\ghts ( o!r m51 m5 ( antiquity & m5 ( ! h\r1 z unconsci\sly & spontane\sly z ! air we brea!4 ,b ! mom5t ( *oice is imm$iate & ! act ( ! w volunt>y2 & ! object ( education is to prep>e u = ?is imm$iate *oice & volunt>y action :i* e day pres5ts4 ,:ile af=d+ "s secrets ( #8! way ( ! w' to "y p1 we %\ld p]haps bew>e ( pres5t+ ! ideas ( #8self-k1 self-rev]5ce1 & self-control4' ,all adequate education mu/ be outw>d b\nd1 & ! m9d :i* is conc5trat$ ^u self-emolum5t1 ev5 ?\gh x be ! emolum5t ( all ! virtues1 misses ! high] & ! simpl] secrets ( life4 ,duty & s]vice are ! suffici5t motives = ! ardu\s tra9+ ( ! w t a *ild goes ?r\gh ) little consci\sness4 ,! gradual =tify+ ( ! w :i* _m a s*oolboy und]goes is h>dly p]ceptible to himself h[ev] trem5d\s ! results may be = 8 city or 8 nation4 ,w1 free w1 mu/ h an object outside ( self2 & ! poet has said ! la/ ^w s f> z we yet "k1---- 8,our wills are ours we "k n h[2 ,our wills are ours to make !m ,?9e40 ,,*apt] ,,ix #b4--,,! ,,way ,,( ,,! ,,reason ,we %\ld tea* *ildr51 also1 n to lean 7too confid5tly7 unto _! own und]/&+ because ! function ( reason is to give logical demon/ration ( 7a7 ma!matical tru? & 7b7 ( initial ideas accept$ by ! w4 ,9 ! =m] case reason is1 p]haps1 an infallible guide b 9 ! latt] is n always a safe "o1 = :e!r ! initial idea be "r or wrong reason w confirm x by irrefragable pro(s4 ,!re=e *ildr5 %\ld be taught z !y become mature en\gh to und]/& su* tea*+ t ! *ief responsibility :i* re/s ^u !m z p]sons is ! acceptance or rejection ( ideas pres5t$ to !m4 ,to help !m 9 ?is *oice we %\ld af=d !m pr9ciples ( conduct & a wide range ( fitt+ k4 ,e *ild1 e man1 :o comes to a sudd5 halt wat*+ ! action ( 8 own reason1 is ano!r ,columbus1 ! discov]] ( a new _w4 ,commonly we let reason d its "w )\t att5tion on our "p1 b !re come mom5ts :5 we /& 9 />tl$ admiration & wat* ! unfold+ be=e u po9t by po9t ( a score ( argum5ts 9 fav\r ( ?is c>pet z aga9/ t1 ?is r\te 9 pref]5ce to ! o!r1 our *os5 *um z aga9/ ,bob ,br[n2 because e pro sugge/$ by our reason is oppos$ to "s con 9 ! backgr\nd4 ,h[ else %\ld x happ5 t !re is no s+le po9t ^u :i* two p]sons may reason1--food1 dress1 games1 education1 politics1 religion1--b ! two may take opposite sides1 & ea* w br+ =w>d infallible pro(s :i* mu/ conv9ce ! o!r 7 x n t he too is already conv9c$ by /rong] pro(s to /r5g!n 8 own argum5t4 ,e "* 9 hi/ory or fiction supports ?is !sis2 & probably we _c give a bett] tra9+ 9 "r reason+ ?an by lett+ *ildr5 "w out ! argum5ts 9 fav\r ( ?is or t conclusion4 ,?us1 ,macbe?1 a great g5]al1 returns aft] a brilliant victory1 head & he>t are inflat$1 :at c he n a*ieve8 ,c\ld he n gov]n a c\ntry z well z rule an army8 ,reason unfolds ! /eps by :i* he might d great ?+s2 great ?+s1 ay1 b are !y lawful1 ^! possible exploits8 ,& !n 9 ! nick ( "t he comes across ! #8weird ,si/]s1' z we are all apt to take refuge 9 fatalism :5 consci5ce no long] supports u4 ,he %all be ,?ane ( ,cawdor1 &1 behold1 confirmation arrives on ! spot4 ,he %all also be k+4 ,well1 if ?is is decre$1 :at c he d8 ,he is no long] a free ag5t4 ,& a score ( valid argum5ts unfold !mselves %[+ h[ ,scotl&1 ! _w1 8 wife1 himself1 w\ld be enhanc$1 w\ld fl\ri% & be bless$ if he _h ! opportunity to d :at 0 9 him4 ,opportunity8 ,! ?+ 0 decre$6 ,x re/$ ) him to f9d ! means1 ! tools4 ,he 0 n )\t imag9ation1 _h a poetic m9d & %rank be=e ! horrors he vaguely =esaw4 ,b reason came to 8 aid & /ep by /ep ! :ole bloody trag$y 0 wr\ght out be=e 8 presci5t m9d4 ,:5 we fir/ meet ) ,macbe? he is ri* 9 hon\rs1 troops ( fri5ds1 ! g5]\s confid5ce ( 8 k+4 ,! *ange is sudd5 & complete1 &1 we may believe1 reason ju/ifi$ him at e po9t4 ,b reason did n beg9 x4 ,! w play$ ^u by ambition _h already admitt$ ! notion ( t[]+ greatness or ev] ! #8weird ,si/]s' gave %ape to 8 desire4 ,_h x n be5 = ?is c\nt5ance af=d$ by ! w1 ! =eca/s ( fate w\ld h influ5c$ 8 conduct no m ?an !y did t ( ,banquo4 ,b x mu/ n be suppos$ t reason is malign1 ! fur!r] ( ill c\nsels only4 ,nurse ,cavell1 ,jack ,cornwell1 ,"l ,rob]ts1 ,g5]al ,gordon1 ,madame ,curie1 leave h9ts en\gh to enable u to foll[ ! tra9s ( ?\ght :i* issu$ 9 glori\s de$s4 ,we "k h[ ,flor5ce ,night+ale receiv$1 welcom$1 reason$ out ! notion ( pity :i* obsess$ h]1 & h[ ?r\gh _m difficulties h] great project = ! sav+ ( ! sick & suff]+ ( h] c\ntry's army work$ itself out2 h[ %e 0 able to convey to ^? 9 p[] ! same conv9c+ argum5ts :i* mov$ h]self4 ,t 0 a happy ?\ght ( ! m$ival ,*ur* :i* repres5t$ ! lead+ idea ( ea* ( ! sev5 ,lib]al ,arts by a *os5 expon5t able to conv9ce o!rs by ! argum5ts :i* 8 own reason br\ght =w>d4 ,s ,priscian taught ! _w ,gramm>2 ,py?agoras1 ,ari?metic2 & ! "n ( ,euclid /ill /&s = ! sci5ce :i* appeal$ to 8 reason4 ,b x is n only great intellectual advances & discov]ies or _w-%ap+ ev5ts = good or evil1 t exhibit ! p]suasive p[] ( reason4 ,!re is no object 9 use1 great or small1 ^u :i* "s man's reason has n work$ exhau/ively4 ,a s(a1 a *e/ ( draw]s1 a %ip1 a box ( toy soldi]s1 h all be5 ?\ght out /ep by /ep1 & ! inv5tor has n only consid]$ ! pros b has s f> ov]come ! cons t 8 inv5tion is !re1 ready = use2 & only "h & !re does anyone take ! tr\ble to consid] h[ ! useful1 or1 p]haps1 beautiful article came into exi/5ce4 ,x is wor? :ile to ask a *ild1 ,h[ did y ?9k ( x8 :5 he comes to tell y ( a new game he has inv5t$1 a new c\ntry ( ! imag9ation he has nam$1 peopl$ & gov]n$4 ,he w probably tell y :at fir/ #8put x into 8 head' & !n h[ ! reasons "o aft] ano!r came to him4 ,aft]1--,h[ did y ?9k ( x8--! next "q t w occur to a *ild is1--,h[ did he ?9k ( x8--& he w di/+ui% betwe5 ! fir/ notion t has #8put x into 8 head' & ! reason$ /eps :i* h gone to ! completion ( an object1 ! discov]y ( a planet1 ! mak+ ( a law4 ,sometimes a *ild %\ld be tak5 into ! psy*ology ( crime1 & he w see t reason br+s infallible pro(s ( ! rightness ( ! crim9al act4 ,f ,ca9 to ! late/ great (f5d] e crim9al act has be5 ju/ifi$ by reason$ argum5ts :i* come ( _! own accord to ! crim9al4 ,we "k ! argum5ts be=e :i* ,eve fell :5 ! ,s]p5t play$ ! "p ( ! #8weird ,si/]s4' ,x is pleasant to ! eye2 x is good = food2 x %all make y wise 9 ! k ( good & evil--good & conv9c+ argum5ts1 speci\s en\gh to ov]be> ! c\nt]-plead+s ( ,ob$i5ce4 ,*ildr5 %\ld "k t su* ?+s are be=e !m also2 t :5ev] !y want to d wrong capital reasons = do+ ! wrong ?+ w occur to !m4 ,b1 happily1 :5 !y want to d "r no less cog5t reasons = "r do+ w appe>4 ,aft] abundant practice 9 reason+ & trac+ out ! reasons ( o!rs1 :e!r 9 fact or fiction1 *ildr5 may readily be br\ght to ! conclusions t reasonable & "r are n synonym\s t]ms2 t reason is _! s]vant1 n _! rul]1--"o ( ^? s]vants :i* help ,mans\l 9 ! gov]nance ( 8 k+dom4 ,b no m ?an appetite1 ambition1 or ! love ( ease1 is reason to be tru/$ ) ! gov]nm5t ( a man1 mu* less t ( a /ate2 because well-reason$ argum5ts are br\ght into play = a wrong c\rse z = a "r4 ,he w see t reason works involunt>ily2 t all ! beautiful /eps foll[ "o ano!r 9 8 m9d )\t any activity or int5tion on 8 own "p2 b he ne$ nev] suppose t he 0 hurri$ along into evil by ?\ghts :i* he c\ld n help1 because reason nev] beg9s x4 ,x is only :5 he *ooses to ?9k ab\t "s c\rse or plan1 z ,eve /&+ be=e ! apples1 t reason comes into play2 s1 if he *ooses to ?9k ab\t a purpose t is good1 _m excell5t reasons w hurry up to support him2 b1 alas1 if he *oose to ent]ta9 a wrong notion1 he1 z x 71 r+s ! bell = reason1 :i* en=ces 8 wrong int5tion ) a score ( argum5ts prov+ t wrong is "r4 ,a due recognition ( ! function ( reason %\ld be an enorm\s help to u all 9 days :5 ! air is full ( fallacies1 & :5 our p]sonal mode/y1 t becom+ respect = o!r p :i* is prop] to well-ord]$ natures :e!r "y or old1 makes u will+ to accept conclusions duly support$ by public op9ion or by ^? ^: op9ions we value4 ,nev]!less1 x is some?+ to recognise t probably no wrong ?+ has ev] be5 done or said1 no crime committ$1 b has be5 ju/ifi$ to ! p]petrator by argum5ts com+ to him involunt>ily & produc$ ) cumulative =ce by 8 own reason4 ,is ,%akespe>e ev] wrong8 ,&1 if s1 may we ?9k t a ,ri*>d ,,iii :o gloats ov] 8 own villa9y z villa9y1 :o is 9 fact no hypocrite1 9 ! s5se ( act+1 to himself--is h>dly true to human nature8 ,great is ,%akespe>e6 ,s p]haps ,ri*>d 0 ! exception to ! rule :i* makes a man g out & hang himself :5 at la/ he sees 8 incomp>able villa9y1 & does n ,ri*>d say 9 ! end1--8,i myself f9d 9 myself no pity = myself08 ,= ourselves & our *ildr5 x is en\gh to "k t reason w put a good face on any matt] we propose2 &1 t we c prove ourselves to be 9 ! "r is no ju/ification = !re is absolutely no !ory we may receive1 no action we may contemplate1 :i* our reason w n affirm4 ,( c\rse we "k by _m infallible pro(s t ,bacon wrote ,%akespe>e1 & an +5i\s p]son has work$ out a *a9 ( argum5ts prov+ t ,dr4 ,johnson wrote ! ,bible6 ,:y n8 ,= a nation ( logical ?9k]s1 ! ,fr5* made an extraord9>y faux-pas :5 !y elect$ ! ,goddess ( ,reason to div9e hon\rs4 ,b1 inde$1 p]haps !y did x because !y are a logical nation2 = logic gives u ! v =mula ( reason1 & t :i* is logically prov$ is n necess>ily "r4 ,we ne$ no long] wond] t two m5 equally upright1 equally virtu\s1 select$ out ( any company1 w hold opposite views on almo/ any "q2 & ea* w support 8 views by logical argum5t4 ,s we are at ! m]cy ( ! doctr9aire 9 religion1 ! demagogue 9 politics1 &1 d>e we say1 ( ! dream] 9 sci5ce2 & we ?9k to save our s\ls by be+ 9 ! front rank ( op9ion 9 "o or ! o!r4 ,b n if we h gr[n up cognisant ( ! beauty & wond] ( ! act ( reason+1 & also1 ( ! limitations :i* att5d x4 ,we mu/ be able to answ] ! argum5ts 9 ! air1 n s mu* by c\nt] reasons z by expos+ ! fallacies 9 su* argum5ts & prov+ on our own "p ! opposite position4 ,= example1 8t v lovable1 v exasp]at+ b ess5tially real1 ?\gh (t5 wrong-head$ en?usia/10 ,k>l ,m>x1 dom9ates ! sociali/ic ?\ght ( to-day4 ,po9t by po9t1 = good or = evil1 ! ,m>xian ,manife/o ( #ahdh is com+ into =ce4 8,= ! mo/ advanc$ c\ntries10 we are told1 8! foll[+ measures might come into v g5]al application40 7#a7 8,expropriation ( l&$ prop]ty & application ( r5t to ,/ate ,exp5diture40 ,we h n space to exam9e ! ,m>xian proposition 9 detail b let u consid] a s+le fallacy4 ,x is assum$ t ! r5t ( l&$ prop]ty is = ! sole use1 enri*m5t & enjoym5t ( ! own]4 ,n[ ! s*$ule ( ! ,duke ( ,b$=d1 = example1 publi%$ rec5tly1 %[s t ! income d]iv$ f p>k prop]ty is inadequate to its upkeep & to ! taxes impos$ ^u ! own]4 ,aga91 l&[n]s are n only l>ge employ]s ( lab\r1 g5]ally "u fav\rable conditions1 b !y keep up a v important b5efaction2 mo/ ( ! ext5sive l&[n]s make ( _! places public p>ks kept 9 beautiful ord] at _! private exp5se4 7#b7 8,heavy progressive taxation40 ,! fallacy lies 9 ! fact t ! prolet>iat 9 ^: int]e/ ! ,manife/o 0 issu$ mu/ necess>ily on acc\nt ( _! numb]s be l>ge taxpay]s4 ,!re=e x is ^u !m t heavy progressive taxation w press--z we h all se5 9 ,russia--to ! po9t ( _! ext9ction4 7#c7 8,abolition ( inh]itance40 ,a measure design$ to r$uce all p]sons to ! same level4 ,z we "k1 ! abolition ( class is ! ma9 object ( socialism4 ,b ! und]ly+ fallacy is ! assumption t class is /able & is n 9 a /ate ( cont9ual flux1 ! cont9ual upw>d & d[nw>d movem5t z ( wat]y p>ticles 9 ! ocean4 ,! man at ! bottom to-day may be at ! top to-morr[1 z we see1 n only 9 ,soviet ,russia1 b 9 mo/ civilis$ c\ntries4 ,attempts to control ?is natural movem5t are z va9 z ,k+ ,canute's comm& to ! ocean4 7#d7 8,confiscation ( ! prop]ty ( all emigrants & rebels40 ,assum$ au?ority mu/ be support$ by tyranny1 t wor/ tyranny :i* requires all m5 to ?9k to ord]1 z !y mu/ 9 a ,soviet ,/ate1 or be p5alis$ to make !m p[]less4 ,! fallacy lies 9 a misconception ( human nature4 ,!re is no?+ t m5 w n sacrifice = an idea1 = su* an idea z t ( fre$om ( ?\ght & ( movem5t4 7#e71 7#f71 7#g71 deal ) c5tralisation1 cr$it1 ( transport1 ( factories1 ( in/rum5ts ( production 9 ! h&s ( ! ,/ate1--! ,/ate1 t is1 ,ev]yman1--! ,prolet>iat1 9 fact1--9 ^: h&s all weal? & means ( obta9+ weal? %all be lodg$4 ,"h we h a logically ?\ght-out prep>ation = ! gov]nm5t ( ! p1 by ! p1 = ! p2 b ! und]ly+ fallacy is t x makes = revolution :i* effects no *ange b a m]e *ange ( rul]s1 bett] or worse z may be4 ,9 ! ,soviet ,republic1 accord+ to ! law ( p]petual social flux1 new rul]s w\ld come to ! top1 arbitr>y & tyrannical1 because n hemm$ 9 by prec$5t & cu/om2 & *ildr5 w be at no loss to %[ h[ ! la/ /ate ( a nation s gov]n$ is worse ?an ! fir/4 7#h7 8,compulsory obligation ( lab\r ^u all40 ,! initial idea ( a ,soviet ,/ate is t x %all af=d due lib]ty & equal conditions = all4 ,b ev5 9 ! contemplation ( su* a ,/ate x 0 necess>y to po/ulate = ev]ybody conscription & ! discipl9e ( an army4 7#i7 8,jo9t prosecution = ,agriculture & ,manufacture40 ,! aim be+ ! gradual removal ( ! di/9ction ( t[n & c\ntry4 ,"h is a po9t 9 ! ,manife/o :i* we %\ld all l to see 9 practice b--is x possible8 7#aj7 8,public & gratuit\s education = all *ildr540 ,?is happily we h se5 c>ri$ out ) ! proviso1 #8= :om x may be necess>y or desirable4' ,! difficulty lies 9 ! conception ( education =m$ by a ,soviet community2 & ! plea = free education is a speci\s bl9d1 ! int5tion be+ su* an education z %all tra9 ! com+ g5]ation 9 rabid revolution>y pr9ciples4 ,to cont9ue our exam9ation ( ! ,t5? ,maxim2 ! next clause 7b7 requires 8abolition ( *ildr5's lab\r 9 factories 9 its pres5t =m40 ,s f> s good4 ,happily we h liv$ to see ?is abolition2 !re may be a s9i/] read+ ( ! clause b on ! surface x c>ries ! ass5t ( all good citiz5s4 7c7 8,union ( education ) mat]ial production40 ,"h f motives ( economy we are go+ ! way ( ! ,communi/s 9 our ,cont9uation ,s*ools2 b a fallacy und]lies ! maxim :i* may well fru/rate our ef=ts t[>ds ! bett] education ( ! p4 ,! assumption is t ! boy :o le>ns1 say1 c]ta9 manufactur+ processes1 p>i passu ) 8 intellectual education does bett] 9 ! future ?an he :o gives ! full p]iod to education4 ,!re is no cons5sus ( ! op9ion ( employ]s to prove t ?is is ! case4 ,on ! contr>y1 giv5 a likely boy1 & a manufactur] w be satisfi$ t he w soon le>n 8 bus9ess 9 ! #8works4' ,b ! function ( education is n to give te*nical skill b to develop a p]son2 ! m ( a p]son1 ! bett] ! "w ( :atev] k9d2 & z ,i h said be=e1 ! idea ( ! ,cont9uation ,s*ool is1 or %\ld be1 a ,univ]sity c\rse 9 ! #8humanities'2 n 9 :at h be5 call$ ! #8be/ humanities1' i4e41 ! ,classics1 ?\gh :e!r ^! are 9 any s5se #8be/' is a moot "q1 b 9 ! s+ul>ly ri* #8humanities' :i* ! ,engli% tongue af=ds4 ,^! ,t5 ,m>xian ,maxims give u ample gr\nd = discussion n = lectures or = oral lessons1 b = foll[+ = a few m9utes any op5+ sugge/$ by #8curr5t ev5ts1' a feature 9 ! *ildr5's programme ( "w4 ,b !y mu/ foll[ argum5ts & detect fallacies = !mselves4 ,reason l ! o!r p[]s ( ! m9d1 requires mat]ial to "w ^u :e!r embalm$ 9 hi/ory & lit]ature1 or afloat ) ! news ( a /rike or upris+4 ,x is madness to let *ildr5 face a debatable _w ) only1 say1 a ma!matical prep>ation4 ,if our bus9ess 7 to tra9 _! p[] ( reason+1 su* a tra9+ w\ld no d\bt be ( s]vice2 b ! p[] is !re already1 & only wants mat]ial to "w ^u4 ,?is caution mu/ be borne 9 m9d4 ,reason1 l all o!r prop]ties ( a p]son1 is subject to habit & works ^u ! mat]ial x is accu/om$ to h&le4 ,plato =m$ a j judgm5t on ?is matt]1 too1#be & p]ceiv$ t ma!matics af=d no clue to ! labyr9? ( affairs :e!r public or private4 ,we h se5 t _! read+ & ! affairs ( ! day %\ld af=d scope & opportunity = ! delight 9 ratioc9ation prop] to *ildr54 ,! fallacies !y !mselves p]petrate :5 expos$ make !m ! readi] to detect fallacies else:]e4 ,:at are we to d8 ,are we to wa/e "t 9 discuss+ ) *ildr5 e idle & blasphem\s proposition t comes _! way8 ,surely n4 ,b we may help !m to pr9ciples :i* %\ld enable !m to disc]n ^! two *>act]s = !mselves4 ,a proposition is idle :5 x re/s on no?+ & leads to no?+4 ,aga91 blasphemy is a s91 ! s9 ( be+ impud5t t[>ds ,almighty ,god1 ,:om we all "k1 )\t any tell+1 & "k ,him to be fe>ful1 wond]ful1 lov+1 j & good1 z c]ta9ly z we "k t ! sun %9es or ! w9d bl[s4 ,*ildr5 %\ld be br\ght up1 too1 to p]ceive t a miracle is n less a miracle because x occurs s con/antly & regul>ly t we call x a law2 t sap rises 9 a tree1 t a boy is born ) 8 uncle's eyes1 t an answ] t we c p]ceive comes to our s]i\s pray]s2 ^! ?+s are n ! less miracles because !y happ5 frequ5tly or inv>iably1 & because we h ceas$ to wond] ab\t !m4 ,no d\bt s did ! p ( ,j]usalem :5 our ,"l p]=m$ _m miracles 9 _! /reets4 ,:5 *ildr5 p]ceive t1--8,my ,fa!r worke? hi!rto & ,i "w0--is ! law :i* ord]s nations & individuals3 t 8,my _s %all n always /rive ) man10 is an awful w>n+ to e p & e p]son2 t to h9d] ! mis-do+1 enc\rage ! well-do+ ( m5 & nations is incessant lab\r1 ! "w ( ! ,fa!r & ! ,son3--to a *ild :o p]ceives ^! ?+s miracles w n be matt]s ( supreme mom5t because all life w be = him matt] = wond] & adoration4 ,aga91 if we wi% *ildr5 to keep cle> ( all ! religi\s clam\rs 9 ! air1 we mu/ help !m to und]/& :at religion is4--#bf 8,w religion gu>antee me my private & p]sonal happ9ess8 ,to ?is on ! :ole ,i ?9k we mu/ answ]1 ,no2 & if we approa* x ) a view to su* happ9ess1 !n mo/ c]ta9ly & absolutely ,no40 ,"h is a f9al & emphatic answ] to ! quasi religi\s (f]s :i* are be+ clam\r\sly press$ ^u hesitat+ s\ls4 ,ease ( body is (f]$ to ^!1 relief ( m9d1 rep>ation ( loss1 ev5 ( ! f9al loss :5 ^? !y love pass away4 ,we may call ^u m$iums1 conv]se ?r\gh table-rapp+s1 be heal$ by fai?1--fai?1 t is1 9 ! p[] ( a ,heal] :o manipulates u4 ,s9 is n = u1 nor sorr[ = s94 ,we may live 9 cont9ual odi\s self-complac5cy1 remote f ! anxi\s /ruggl+ s\ls ab\t u1 because1 =soo?1 !re is no s91 sorr[1 anxiety or pa91 if we w t ^! ?+s %all n be4 ,t is to say1 religion w 8gu>antee me my private & p]sonal happ9ess10 w make me immune f e di/ress & mis]y ( life2 & ?is happy immunity is all a matt] )9 ! p[] ( my own w2 ! p]son t matt]s 9 my religion is myself only4 ,! (fice ( religion = me 9 su* a case is to remove all uneas9ess1 bodily & spiritual1 & to float me into a ,nirvana ( undi/urb$ self-complac5cy4 ,b we mu/ answ] ) ,pr(essor ,bosanquet1 8absolutely ,,no40 ,true religion w n d ?is = me because ! f9al =m ( ! religion t w d ^! ?+s is idolatry1 self-wor%ip1 ) no int5tion beyond self4 ,to g on ) our quotation1-- 8,well1 b if n t !n :at8 ,we e/eem ! ?+ z good & great1 b if x simply does no?+ = u1 h[ is x to be any?+ to u8 ,b ! answ] 0 ! answ] to ! "q & x might be t to a "q s\nd+ b slightly diff]5t1 a v diff]5t answ] w\ld be return$4 ,we might ask1 = in/ance1--#8does x make my life m wor? liv+8' ,& ! answ] to ?is might be1--#8,x is ! only ?+ t makes life wor? liv+ at all4'0 ,9 a ^w1 8,i want1 am made = & mu/ h a ,god40 ,no d\bt ?r\gh ! sweetness ( _! fai? & love *ildr5 h imm$iate access to ,god1 & :at m w\ld we h8 #8,g5tle ,jesus' is ab\t _! pa? & ab\t _! b$2 angels m9i/] to !m2 !y enjoy all ! immunities ( ! ,k+dom4 ,b we may n =get t reason is z active 9 !m z ! affections4 ,t[>ds ! end ( ! la/ c5tury p _h a /raight & easy way ( giv+ a reasonable f\ndation to a *ild's belief4 ,all ! articles ( ! ,*ri/ian ,fai? 7 support$ by a sort ( little cate*ism ( #8,scripture ,pro(s'2 & ?is me?od 0 n )\t its uses4 ,b1 to-day1 we h to prove ! ,scriptures if we rely ^u ,scripture pro(s & we mu/ *ange our po9t ( attack4 ,*ildr5 mu/ "k t we _c prove any ( ! great ?+s ( life1 n ev5 t we ourselves live2 b we mu/ rely ^u t :i* we "k )\t demon/ration4 ,we "k1 too1 & ?is o!r c]ta9ty mu/ be press$ home to !m1 t reason1 s f> f be+ infallible1 is mo/ exce$+ly fallible1 p]suadable1 op5 to influ5ce on ?is side & t2 b is all ! same a fai?ful s]vant1 able to prove :atsoev] notion is receiv$ by ! w4 ,once we are conv9c$ ( ! fallibility ( our own reason we are able to detect ! fallacies 9 ! reason+ ( our oppon5ts & are n liable to be c>ri$ away by e w9d ( doctr9e4 ,e "m kn[s h[ int5sely reasonable a *ild is & h[ difficult x is to answ] 8 q logical & fooli%ly wrong conclusions4 ,s we ne$ n be det]r$ f deal+ ) s]i\s matt]s ) ^! "y neophytes1 b only z ! occasion occurs2 we may n run ! risk ( bor+ !m ) ! great que/ions ( life :ile x is our bus9ess to s5d !m =? assur$4 ,we f9d t1 :ile *ildr5 are tiresome 9 argu+ ab\t trifl+ ?+s1 (t5 = ! m]e pleasure ( employ+ _! reason+ p[]1 a great _m ( !m are av]se to ^? /udies :i* %\ld1 we suppose1 give free play to a p[] t is 9 !m1 ev5 if !y d n /r5g!n & develop ?is p[]4 ,yet few *ildr5 take pleasure 9 ,gramm>1 especially 9 ,engli% ,gramm>1 :i* dep5ds s little on inflexion4 ,ari?metic1 aga91 ,ma!matics1 appeal only to a small p]c5tage ( a class or s*ool1 &1 = ! re/1 h[ev] intellig5t1 its problems are baffl+ to ! end1 ?\gh !y may take delight 9 reason+ out problems ( life 9 lit]ature or hi/ory4 ,p]haps we %\ld accept ?is tacit vote ( ! majority & cease to put undue pressure ^u /udies :i* w\ld be invaluable did ! reason+ p[] ( a *ild wait ^u our tra9+1 b are on a diff]5t foot+ :5 we p]ceive t *ildr5 come end[$ to ! full z mu* ) reason z ) love2 t our bus9ess is to provide abundant mat]ial ^u :i* ?is supreme p[] %\ld "w2 & t :atev] developm5t occurs comes ) practice 9 cong5ial fields ( ?\ght4 ,at ! same "t we may n let *ildr5 neglect ei!r ( ^! delightful /udies4 ,! "t w come :5 !y w delight 9 words1 ! beauty & propriety ( words2 :5 !y w see t words are consecrat$ z ! vehicle ( tru? & are n to be c>elessly tamp]$ ) 9 /atem5t or mutilat$ 9 =m2 & we mu/ prep>e !m = ^! lat] /udies4 ,p]haps we %\ld po/pone p>s+1 = in/ance1 until a *ild is accu/om$ to weigh s5t5ces = _! s5se1 %\ld let !m dally ) figures ( spee* be=e we attempt m9ute analysis ( s5t5ces1 & %\ld r$uce our grammatical nom5clature to a m9imum4 ,! fact is t *ildr5 d n g5]alise1 !y ga!r p>ticul>s ) amaz+ indu/ry1 b hold _! impressions fluid1 z x 72 & we may n hurry !m to =mulate4 ,if ! use ( words be a law unto itself1 h[ mu* m s ! language ( figures & l9es6 ,we rememb] h[ in/ructive & impressive ,rusk9 is on ! !sis t #8two & two make f\r' & _c by any possibility t ! univ]se af=ds be made to make five or ?ree4 ,f ?is po9t ( view1 ( immutable law1 *ildr5 %\ld approa* ,ma!matics2 !y %\ld see h[ impressive is ,euclid's #8,:i* is absurd1' j z absurd z w\ld be ! /atem5ts ( a man :o said t 8 apples always fell upw>ds1 & = ! same reason4 ,! behavi\r ( figures & l9es is l ! fall ( an apple1 fix$ by immutable laws1 & x is a great ?+ to beg9 to see ^! laws ev5 9 _! l[lie/ application4 ,! *ild ^: approa*es to ,ari?metic are s _m discov]ies ( ! laws :i* regulate numb] w n divide fifte5 p5ce among five p & give !m ea* sixp5ce or n9ep5ce2 #8:i* is absurd' w convict him1 & 9 "t he w p]ceive t #8answ]s' are n purely arbitr>y b are to be come at by a little boy's reason4 ,ma!matics are delightful to ! m9d ( man :i* revels 9 ! p]ception ( law1 :i* may ev5 g =? guess+ at a new law until x discov] t law2 b n e boy c be a *ampion prize-fight]1 nor c e boy #8/& up' to ,ma!matics4 ,!re=e p]haps ! bus9ess ( tea*]s is to op5 z _m doors z possible 9 ! belief t ,ma!matics is "o out ( _m /udies :i* make = education1 a /udy by no means accessible to ev]yone4 ,!re=e x %\ld n monopolise undue "t1 nor %\ld p]sons be h9d]$ f useful c>e]s by ! fact t !y %[ no great pr(ici5cy 9 /udies :i* are 9 fav\r ) exam9]s1 no d\bt1 because solutions are f9al1 & "w c be adjudg$ )\t ! tiresome hesitancy & fe> ( be+ unju/ :i* beset ! exam9]s' pa? 9 o!r /udies4 ,we w\ld s5d =? *ildr5 in=m$ by 8! reason firm1 ! temp]ate w1 endurance1 =esight1 /r5g? & skill10 b we mu/ add resolution to our good int5tions & may n expect to produce a reasonable s\l ( f9e poli% f ! /eady friction1 say1 ( ma!matical /udies only4 ,,*apt] ,x ,,! ,,curriculum#bg ,we1 believ+ t ! normal *ild has p[]s ( m9d :i* fit him to deal ) all k prop] to him1 give him a full & g5]\s curriculum1 tak+ c>e only t all k (f]$ to him is vital1 t is1 t facts are n pres5t$ )\t _! in=m+ ideas4 ,out ( ?is conception comes our pr9ciple t3-- 8,education is ! ,sci5ce ( ,relations02 t is1 a *ild has natural relations ) a va/ numb] ( ?+s & ?\ghts3 s we tra9 him ^u physical ex]cises1 nature lore1 h&icrafts1 sci5ce & art1 & ^u _m liv+ books1 = we "k t our bus9ess is n to tea* him all ab\t any?+1 b to help him to make valid z _m z may be (-- 8,^? fir/-born aff9ities ,t fit our new exi/5ce to exi/+ ?+s40 ,9 devis+ a syllabus = a normal *ild1 ( :atev] social class1 ?ree po9ts mu/ be consid]$3-- 7a7 ,he requires mu* k1 = ! m9d ne$s suffici5t food z mu* z does ! body4 7b7 ,! k %\ld be v>i\s1 = sam5ess 9 m5tal diet does n create appetite 7i4e41 curiosity74 7c7 ,k %\ld be communicat$ 9 well-*os5 language1 because 8 att5tion responds naturally to :at is convey$ 9 lit]>y =m4 ,z k is n assimilat$ until x is reproduc$1 *ildr5 %\ld 8tell back0 aft] a s+le read+ or he>+3 or %\ld write on "s "p ( :at !y h read4 ,a s+le read+ is insi/$ on1 because *ildr5 h naturally great p[] ( att5tion2 b ?is =ce is dissipat$ by ! re-read+ ( passages1 & also1 by que/ion+1 summ>is+1 & ! l4 ,act+ ^u ^! & "s o!r po9ts 9 ! behavi\r ( m9d1 we f9d t ! educability ( *ildr5 is enorm\sly great] ?an has hi!rto be5 suppos$1 & is b little dep5d5t on su* circum/ances z h]$ity & environm5t4 ,nor is ! accuracy ( ?is /atem5t limit$ to clev] *ildr5 or to *ildr5 ( ! educat$ classes3 ?\s&s ( *ildr5 9 elem5t>y s*ools respond freely to ?is me?od1 :i* is bas$ on ! behavi\r ( m9d4 ,few ?+s are m remiss 9 our s*ools ?an ! curriculum :i* is suppos$ to be entirely at ! option ( ! ,head3 b is x8 ,mo/ ,second>y s*ools "w t[>ds exam9ations :i* m or less af=d ! privilege ( entry to ! ,univ]sities4 ,! /&>d to be rea*$ is set by ^! & ! ,heads ( s*ools hold !mselves p[]less4 ,?\gh ,elem5t>y s*ools no long] "w ) a view to exam9ation results yet z _! be/ pupils try = s*ol>%ips admitt+ !m to second>y s*ools1 !y d come indirectly "u ! same limitations4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 mu* less lib]ty 9 ,second>y ?an 9 ,prim>y s*ools ) reg>d to ! subjects taught & ! "t devot$ to ea*4 ,! result is />tl+4 ,a boy ( eight 9 an ,elem5t>y s*ool may %ew m intellig5ce & wid] k ?an a boy ( f\rte5 9 a ,prep>atory s*ool1 t is1 if he h be5 taught on ! pr9ciples ,i h 9 view1 :ile ! o!r boy has be5 in/ruct$ ) a view to a giv5 /&>d ( s*ol>%ip4 ,! ,prep>atory s*ool boy does1 h[ev]1 rea* t /&>d 9 ,lat91 if n 9 ,greek also1 & 9 ,ma!matics4 ,if we succe$ 9 e/abli%+ a simil> /&>d :i* e boy & girl ( a giv5 age %\ld rea* 9 a lib]al range ( subjects1 a fair *ance w be af=d$ to ! av]age boy & girl :ile brilliant or especially indu/ri\s "y p w g ahead4 ,we lab\r "u ! mi/ake ( suppos+ t !re is no natural law or inh]5t pr9ciple accord+ to :i* a *ild's c\rse ( /udies %\ld be regulat$2 s we tea* him ^? ?+s :i*1 accord+ to ,locke1 x is becom+ = a #8g5tleman' to "k on ! "o h&1 &1 on ! o!r1 ! arts ( read+1 writ+ & summ+1 t he may n gr[ up an illit]ate citiz54 ,9 bo? cases ! education we (f] is too utilit>ian1--an indirect tra9+ = ! pr(essions or = a craftsman's call+ ) ef=ts 9 ! latt] case to make a boy's education be> directly on 8 future "w4 ,b :at if 9 ! v nature ( ?+s we f9d a complete curriculum sugge/$8 8,! human race has lo/ its title de$s10 said ,voltaire1 & mank9d has be5 go+ ab\t ev] s9ce seek+ to recov] !m2 education is /ill at sea & ,voltaire's epigram holds good4 ,we h n f\nd our title de$s & s we yield to ! *ildr5 no inh]5t claims4 ,our highe/ aim is to educate "y p = _! uses to society1 :ile e faddi/ is free to tea* :at he pleases because we h no title de$s to confront him )4 ,education1 no d\bt1 falls "u ! economic law ( supply & dem&2 b ! dem& %\ld come f ! *ildr5 r ?an f tea*]s & p>5ts2 h[ are _! dem&s to become articulate8 ,we mu/ give consid]ation to ?is "q because ! answ] dep5ds on a survey ( ! composite :ole we sum up z #8human nature1' a :ole ^: possibilities are inf9ite & v>i\s1 n only 9 a budd+ g5ius1 ! *ild ( a di/+ui%$ family1 b 9 e *ild ( ! /reets4 ,a small ,engli% boy ( n9e liv+ 9 ,japan1 rem>k$1--8,isn't x fun1 ,"m1 le>n+ all ^! ?+s8 ,ev]y?+ seems to fit into some?+ else40 ,! boy _h n f\nd out ! :ole secret2 ev]y?+ fitt$ into some?+ )9 himself4 ,! days h gone by :5 ! education befitt+ ei!r a g5tleman or an artisan 0 our aim4 ,n[ we mu/ deal ) a *ild ( man1 :o has a natural desire to "k ! hi/ory ( 8 race & ( 8 nation1 :at m5 ?\ght 9 ! pa/ & are ?9k+ n[2 ! be/ ?\ghts ( ! be/ m9ds tak+ =m z lit]ature1 & at its highe/ z poetry1 or1 z poetry r5d]$ 9 ! pla/ic =ms ( art3 z a *ild ( ,god1 ^: supreme desire & glory x is to "k ab\t & to "k 8 almighty ,fa!r3 z a p]son ( _m p>ts & passions :o mu/ "k h[ to use1 c>e =1 & discipl9e himself1 body1 m9d & s\l3 z a p]son ( _m relation%ips1--to family1 city1 *ur*1 /ate1 neighb\r+ /ates1 ! _w at l>ge3 z ! inhabitant ( a _w full ( beauty & int]e/1 ! features ( :i* he mu/ recognise & "k h[ to "n1 & a _w too1 & a univ]se1 ^: e function ( e "p is ord]$ by laws :i* he mu/ beg9 to "k4 ,x is a wide programme f\nd$ on ! educational rights ( man2 wide1 b we may n say x is impossible nor may we pick & *oose & educate him 9 ?is direction b n 9 t4 ,we may n ev5 make *oice betwe5 sci5ce & ! #8humanities4' ,our "p x seems to me is to give a *ild a vital hold ^u z _m z possible ( ^? wide relation%ips prop] to him4 ,%elley (f]s u ! key to education :5 he speaks ( 8und]/&+ t gr[s bright gaz+ on _m tru?s40 ,because ! relation%ips a *ild is born to are v v>i\s1 ! k we (f] him mu/ be v>i\s too4 ,a lady tea*+ 9 ,cape ,colony writes1--8,! pap]s incorporat$ 9 ! pamphlet ,a ,lib]al ,education3 ,practice 7by ,a4 ,c4 ,drury7 te/ify to--to me--an almo/ incr$ible /&>d ( pr(ici5cy4 ,! mi/akes are j ! k9d ( mi/akes t *ildr5 %\ld make & no m ( !m ?an j en\gh to keep !m f be+ priggi%4 ,!re are none ( ^? h[l]s ( fact or expression t make "o view "o's ef=ts ) a feel+ ( utt] despond5cy40 ,! k ( *ildr5 s taught is consecutive1 intellig5t & complete z f> z x goes1 9 h[ev] _m directions4 ,= x is a mi/ake to suppose t ! great] ! numb] ( #8subjects' ! great] ! s*ol>'s lab\r2 ! contr>y is ! case z ! v>iety 9 itself af=ds refre%m5t1 & ! *ild :o has writt5 ?irty or =ty %eets dur+ an exam9ation week comes out unfagg$4 ,n ! numb] ( subjects b ! h\rs ( "w br+ fatigue to ! s*ol>2 & be>+ ?is 9 m9d we h %ort h\rs & no ev5+ prep>ation4 ,,section ,i ,,! ,,k ,,( ,,god ,( ! ?ree sorts ( k prop] to a *ild1--! k ( ,god1 ( man1 & ( ! univ]se1--! k ( ,god ranks fir/ 9 importance1 is indisp5sable1 & mo/ happy-mak+4 ,mo!rs are on ! :ole m successful 9 communicat+ ?is k ?an are tea*]s :o "k ! *ildr5 less well & h a n>r[]1 poor] /&>d ( measurem5t = _! m9ds4 ,p>5ts d n talk d[n to *ildr51 b we might ga!r f educational publications t ! art ( education z reg>ds "y *ildr5 is to br+ conceptions d[n to _! #8little' m9ds4 ,if we give up ?is fooli% prejudice 9 fav\r ( ! gr[n-up we %all be a/oni%$ at ! range & dep? ( *ildr5's m9ds2 & %all p]ceive t _! relation to ,god is "o ( ^? #8fir/-born aff9ities' :i* x is our "p to help !m to make good4 ,a "m kn[s h[ to speak ( ,god z %e w\ld ( an abs5t fa!r ) all ! evid5ces ( 8 c>e & love ab\t h] & 8 *ildr54 ,%e kn[s h[ to make a *ild's he>t beat high 9 joy & ?ankfulness z %e ?rills him ) ! ?\ght1 #8my ,fa!r made !m all1' :ile 8 eye delights 9 fl[]y mead[1 great tree1 fl[+ riv]4 8,8 are ! m\nta9s & ! valleys 8 & ! respl5d5t riv]s1 ^: eyes !y fill ) te>s ( holy joy10 & ?is is n beyond *ildr54 ,we recollect h[ #8,ar?ur ,p5d5nis' walk$ 9 ! ev5+ light ) 8 "m & recit$ great passages f ,milton & ! eyes ( ! two 7 fill$ #8) te>s ( holy joy1' :5 ! boy 0 eight4 ,! tea*] ( a class has n ! same t5d] opportunities b if he take pa9s to get a j measure ( *ildr5's m9ds x is surpris+ h[ mu* may be done4 ,! sup]cili\s po9t ( view adopt$ by "s tea*]s is ! cause ( ! small a*ievem5ts ( _! s*ol>s4 ,! #8kiddies' 9 a big girls' s*ool are n expect$ to und]/& & "k & !y live d[n to ! expectations =m$ ( !m4 ,we 7( ! ,p4,n4,e4,u47 beg9 ! def9ite #8s*ool' education ( *ildr5 :5 !y are six2 !y are no d\bt capable ( beg9n+ a ye> or two e>li] b ! fact is t nature & circum/ances h provid$ su* a wide field ( education = "y *ildr5 t x seems bett] to ab/a9 f requir+ direct intellectual ef=ts until !y h arriv$ at t age4 ,z = all ! tea*+ 9 ! nature ( #8told to ! *ildr51' mo/ *ildr5 get _! %>e ( t :e!r 9 ! infant s*ool or at home1 b ?is is practically outside ! sph]e ( t "p ( education :i* dem&s a consci\s m5tal ef=t1 f ! s*ol>1 ! m5tal ef=t ( tell+ aga9 t :i* has be5 read or he>d4 ,t is h[ we all le>n1 we tell aga91 to ourselves if ne$ be1 ! matt] we wi% to reta91 ! s]mon1 ! lecture1 ! conv]sation4 ,! me?od is z old z ! m9d ( man1 ! di/ressful fact is t x has be5 made s little use ( 9 g5]al education4 ,let u he> ,dr4 ,johnson on ! subject3-- 8#8,little p %\ld be enc\rag$ always to tell :atev] !y he> p>ticul>ly /rik+ to "s bro!r1 si/]1 or s]vant1 imm$iately1 be=e ! impression is eras$ by ! int]v5tion ( new] occurr5ces4' ,he p]fectly rememb]$ ! fir/ "t he he>d ( heav5 & hell because :5 8 "m _h made out su* a description ( bo? places z %e ?\ght likely to seize ! att5tion ( h] infant auditor :o 0 !n 9 b$ ) h]1 %e got up & dress+ him be=e ! usual "t1 s5t him directly to call ! fav\rite workman 9 ! h\se to :om %e knew he w\ld communicate ! conv]sation :ile x 0 yet impress$ ^u 8 m9d4 ,! ev5t 0 :at %e wi%$ & x 0 to t me?od *iefly t he ow$ ! uncommon felicity ( rememb]+ di/ant occurr5ces & long pa/ conv]sations40 7,mrs4 ,piozzi74 ,n[ our objective 9 ?is mo/ important "p ( education is to give ! *ildr5 ! k ( ,god4 ,we ne$ n g into ! "q ( intuitive k1 b ! express$ k atta9able by u has its s\rce 9 ! ,bible1 & p]haps we _c d a great] indignity to *ildr5 ?an to sub/itute our own or "s o!r b5evol5t p]son's r5d]+ = ! f9e ,engli%1 poetic diction & lucid /atem5t ( ! ,bible4 ,lit]ature at its be/ is always direct & simple & a normal *ild ( six li/5s ) delight to ! tales bo? ( ,old & ,new ,te/am5t read to him passage by passage1 & by him n>rat$ 9 turn1 ) delightful t\*es ( native eloqu5ce4 ,religion has two aspects1 ! attitude ( ! w t[>ds ,god :i* we und]/& by ,*ri/ianity1 & t p]ception ( ,god :i* comes f a gradual sl[-gr[+ compreh5sion ( ! div9e deal+s ) m54 ,9 ! fir/ ( ^! s5ses1 ,goe! 0 nev] religi\s1 b ! second =ms ! gre5 reposeful backgr\nd to a re/less & uneasy life & x is wor? :ile to consid] h[ he arriv$ at s inf9itely desirable a possession4 ,he gives u ! :ole hi/ory fully 9 ,aus ,me9em ,leb51 a treatise on education v well wor? our /udy4 ,!re he says1-- 8,man may turn :]e he w1 he may und]take :at he w b he w yet return to t road :i* ,dante has laid d[n = him4 ,s x happ5$ to me 9 ! pres5t case3 my ef=ts ) ! language0 7,hebrew1 :5 he 0 t57 8) ! cont5ts ( ! ,holy ,scriptures1 result$ 9 a mo/ lively pres5tation to my imag9ation ( t beautiful mu*-sung l& & ( ! c\ntries :i* bord]$ x z well z ( ! p & ev5ts :i* h glorifi$ t spot ( e>? = ?\s&s ( ye>s4444 ,p]haps someone may ask :y ,i set =? "h 9 su* detail ?is univ]sally kn[n hi/ory s (t5 repeat$ & exp\nd$4 ,?is answ] may s]ve1 t 9 no o!r way c\ld ,i %[ h[ ) ! di/ractions ( my life & my irregul> education ,i conc5trat$ my m9d & my emotion on "o po9t because ,i c 9 no o!r way acc\nt = ! peace :i* envelop$ me h[ev] di/urb$ & unusual ! circum/ances ( my life4 ,if an ev] active imag9ation ( :i* ! /ory ( my life may be> witness l$ me "h & !re1 if ! m$ley ( fable1 hi/ory1 my?ology1 ?reat5$ to drive me to di/raction1 ,i betook myself aga9 to ^? morn+ l&s1 ,i buri$ myself 9 ! five books ( ,moses & !re among/ ! wide-spread+1 %eph]d p ,i f\nd ! greate/ solitude & ! greate/ com=t40 ,x is well to "k h[ ,goe! obta9$ ?is repose ( s\l1 ?is fre% backgr\nd = 8 ?\ghts1 & 9 all ! errors ( a wilful life ?is inn]mo/ repose appe>s nev] to h left him4 ,8 eyes1 we are told1 7 tranquil z ^? ( a god1 & "h is reveal$ ! secret ( t l>ge tranquility4 ,"h1 too1 ,goe! unfolds = u a pr9ciple ( education :i* ^? :o desire _! *ildr5 to possess ! passive z well z ! active pr9ciple ( religion w\ld d well to consid]2 = x is probably true t ! tea*+ ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 n duly gr\nd$ ^u or accompani$ by t ( ! ,old1 fails to result 9 su* ?\ght ( ,god1 wide1 all-embrac+1 all-p]meat+1 z ,david1 = example1 gives con/ant expression to 9 ! ,psalms4 ,let u h fai? & c\rage to give *ildr5 su* a full & gradual picture ( ,old ,te/am5t hi/ory t !y unconsci\sly p]ceive = !mselves a panoramic view ( ! hi/ory ( mank9d typifi$ by t ( ! ,jewi% nation z x is unfold$ 9 ! ,bible4 ,are our *ildr5 little sceptics1 z 0 ! "y ,goe!1 :o take a laugh+ joy 9 puzzl+ _! tea*]s ) a hundr$ difficulties8 ,l t wise old ,dr4 ,albre*t1 let u be 9 no ha/e to expla94 ,let u n try to put d[n or evade _! que/ions1 or to give !m f9al answ]s1 b introduce !m z did he to "s ?\ghtful comm5tator :o weighs difficult que/ions ) mode/y & scrupul\s c>e4 ,if we act 9 ?is way1 difficulties w assume _! due measure ( importance1 t is to say1 !y w be lo/ sight ( 9 ! gradual unfold+ ( ! great s*eme :]eby ! _w 0 educat$4 ,i "k ( no comm5tator = *ildr51 say1 f six to twelve1 bett] ?an ,canon ,pat]son ,smy? 7,! ,bible = ! ,"y74 ,he is "o ( ! few writ]s able to take ! measure ( *ildr5's m9ds1 to help !m ov] real difficulties1 give impulse to _! ?\ghts & direction to _! conduct4 ,betwe5 ! ages ( six & twelve *ildr5 cov] ! :ole ( ! ,old ,te/am5t /ory1 ! ,prophets1 major & m9or1 be+ introduc$ z !y come into connection ) ! ,k+s4 ,! tea*] op5s ! lesson by read+ ! passage f ,! ,bible = ! ,"y1 9 :i* ! subject is pictorially treat$2 = example1-- 8,x is ! battle field ( ! valley ( ,elah4 ,! camp ( ,israel is on "o slope1 ! big t5ts ( ! ,phili/9es on ! o!r4 ,! ,israelites are r small m51 li! & clev]1 ! ,phili/9es are big m51 big1 /upid1 ?ick-head$ giants1 ! same z :5 ,samson us$ to fool !m & laugh at !m long ago4 ,!re is great excitem5t on bo? sides10 etc4 ,!re w be probably "s talk & discussion aft] ?is read+4 ,!n ! tea*] w read ! ,bible passage 9 "q :i* ! *ildr5 w n>rate1 ! comm5t>y s]v+ m]ely z a backgr\nd = _! ?\ghts4 ,! n>ration is usually exce$+ly int]e/+2 ! *ildr5 d n miss a po9t & (t5 add picturesque t\*es ( _! own4 ,be=e ! close ( ! lesson1 ! tea*] br+s out su* new ?\ghts ( ,god or new po9ts ( behavi\r z ! read+ has af=d$1 emphasis+ ! moral or religi\s lesson to be le>nt r by a rev]5t & sympa!tic mann] ?an by any attempt at p]sonal application4 ,=ms ,,iii & ,,iv 7twelve to fifte57 read = !mselves ! :ole ( ! ,old ,te/am5t z produc$ by ! ,rev4 ,h4 ,co/ley-,:ite 9 8 ,old ,te/am5t ,hi/ory4 ,wise & necess>y omissions 9 ?is "w make x m possible to deal ) ,old ,te/am5t ,hi/ory1 9 ! words ( ! ,au?oris$ ,v]sion1 ?an if ! ,bible 7 us$ z a s+le volume4 ,!n1 8ea* p]iod is illu/rat$ by ref]5ce to contempor>y lit]ature 7e4g41 ,prophets & ,psalms & monum5ts740 ,aga91 8,brief hi/orical explanations & g5]al comm5t>y are ins]t$ 9 _! prop] places40 ,= example1 aft] ,g5esis iii1 we read1 z an introduction to ! /ory ( ,ca9 & ,abel1-- 8,! orig9al object ( ?is /ory 0 to expla9 ! developm5t ( s9 among/ mank9d & ! orig9 ( homicide :i* 9 ?is fir/ in/ance 0 actual murd]4 ,!re are difficulties 9 ! /ory :i* d n admit ( satisfactory explanation4 ,x may be ask$1--#8,:y did ,god n accept ,ca9's (f]+8' #8,h[ 0 ,8 displeasure %ewn8' #8,:at 0 ! sign appo9t$ = ,ca98' #8,:om did he m>ry8' ,! be/ way to answ] su* que/ions is to admit t we d n "k1 b we may add t ^! e>ly /ories are only a selection :i* d n necess>ily =m a consi/5t & complete :ole1 & t 9 ?is v case !re are signs t ! orig9al /ory has be5 cut d[n & edit$4 8,among ! lessons taught are ! foll[+1--7#a7 ,god judges man's motives r ?an 8 acts4 ,! s]vice ( ! he>t is wor? m ?an any c]emonial4 7#b7 ,x is n ! s9 ( murd] t is condemn$ s mu* z ! s9 ( jeal\sy & malice3 cf4 ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt1 ,matt1 xxi1 #f4 7#c7 ,! great doctr9e ( ! ,bro!rhood ( ,man1 t ea* man is 8 bro!r's keep] & has 8 %>e ( responsibility = ! conditions ( ! lives ( o!rs4 7#d7 ,s9 always br+s its own puni%m5t4 7#e7 ,god remon/rates ) man be=e ! climax ( s9 is rea*$40 ,! footnotes :i* =m ! only comm5t>y ^u ! text are comm5dably %ort & to ! po9t4 ,hav+ receiv$ a consid]able k ( ! ,old ,te/am5t 9 detail f ! words ( ! ,bible itself & hav+ be5 tra9$ to accept difficulties freely )\t giv+ place to ! notion t su* difficulties invalidate ! ,bible z ! oracle ( ,god & our sole orig9al s\rce ( k conc]n+ ! nature ( ,almighty ,god & ! mann] ( ,8 gov]nm5t ( ! _w1 *ildr5 are prep>$ = a fur!r /udy ( div9ity1 /ill foll[+ ! ,bible text4 ,:5 pupils are ( an age to be 9 ,=ms ,v & ,,vi 7f #ae to #ah7 we f9d t ,dummel['s ,"o ,volume ,bible ,comm5t>y is ( great s]vice4 ,x is design$ to provide 9 conv5i5t =m1-- 8,a brief explanation ( ! mean+ ( ! ,scriptures4 ,introductions h be5 suppli$ to ! v>i\s books & ,notes :i* w help to expla9 ! pr9cipal difficulties1 textual1 moral or doctr9al1 :i* may arise 9 connection ) !m4 ,a s]ies ( articles has also be5 prefix$ deal+ ) ! l>g] que/ions sugge/$ by ! ,bible z a :ole4 ,x is hop$ t ! ,comm5t>y may lead to a p]usal ( _m ( ! books ( ,holy ,scripture :i* are (t5 left unread 9 spite ( _! r>e lit]>y *>m & abundant usefulness = ! fur!rance ( ! spiritual life4444 ,9 rec5t ye>s mu* light has be5 ?r[n ^u que/ions ( au?or%ip & int]pretation & ! contributors to ?is volume h endeav\r$ to incorporate 9 x ! mo/ assur$ results ( mod]n s*ol>%ip :il/ avoid+ op9ions ( an extreme or prec>i\s k9d4 ,sometimes ^! results diff] f traditional views b 9 su* cases x is n only hop$ b believ$ t ! /ud5t w f9d ! spiritual value & au?ority ( ! ,bible h be5 enhanc$ r ?an dim9i%$ by ! *ange40 ,! ,editor has 9 ^! words set =? s ju/ly ! aims ( ! ,comm5t>y t ,i ne$ only say we f9d x ( v great practical value4 ,! pupils read ! g5]al articles & ! introductions to ! sep>ate ,books2 !y read too ! ,prophets & ! poetical books ) ! notes suppli$4 ,?us !y leave s*ool ) a fairly enlight5$ k ( ! books ( ! ,old ,te/am5t & ( ! aids mod]n s*ol>%ip has br\ght t[>ds _! int]pretation2 we hope also ) increas$ rev]5ce = & delight 9 ! ways ( ,god ) m54 ,! ,new ,te/am5t comes "u ano!r category4 ,! same comm5t>ies are us$ & ! same me?ods foll[$1 t is1 ! rev]5t read+ ( ! text1 ) ! foll[+ n>ration :i* is (t5 curi\sly ^w p]fect aft] a s+le read+2 ?is is ! m surpris+ because we all "k h[ difficult x is to repeat a passage :i* we h he>d a ?\s& times2 ! s+le att5tive read+ does away ) ?is difficulty & we are able to assure ourselves t *ildr5's m9ds are /or$ ) p]fect ^w pictures ( e t5d] & beautiful sc5e describ$ 9 ! ,gospels2 & are able to reproduce ! au/]e if equally t5d] tea*+ :i* en=ces ! object lessons ( ! miracles4 ,by degrees ! ,p]son ( ,our ,"l z reveal$ 9 ,8 words & ,8 works becomes real & de> to !m1 n ?r\gh emotional appeals b ?r\gh ! impression left by accurate & detail$ k conc]n+ ! ,savi\r ( ! ,_w1 ,:o w5t ab\t do+ good4 ,dogmatic tea*+ f9ds its way to !m by inf]5ce ?r\gh a quiet realisation ( ! ,bible records2 & loyalty to a ,div9e ,ma/] is likely to become ! guid+ pr9ciple ( _! lives4 ,i %\ld l to urge ! importance ( :at may be call$ a poetic pres5tation ( ! life & tea*+ ( ,our ,"l4 ,! "y read] %\ld exp]i5ce 9 ?is /udy a curi\s & delightful s5se ( h>moni\s developm5t1 ( ! r\nd+ out ( ea* incid5t1 ( ! progressive unfold+ :i* *>act]ises ,our ,"l's tea*+2 &1 let me say "h1 ! cu/om ( n>ration l5ds itself surpris+ly to ?is sort ( poetic insight4 ,e relat$ incid5t /&s out 9 a sort ( bas-relief2 e tea*+ s r5d]$ unfolds its mean+2 e argum5t conv9ces2 & ! p]sonages reveal !mselves to u m intimately ?an almo/ any p]sons we "k 9 real life4 ,probably v little hortatory tea*+ is desirable4 ,! dang] ( bor+ "y li/5]s by su* tea*+ is great1 & !re is also ! fur!r dang] ( provok+ c\nt]-op9ions1 ev5 c\nt]-convictions1 9 ! innoc5t-look+ audi5ce4 ,on ! :ole we %all p]haps d well to all[ ! ,scripture read+ itself to po9t ! moral4 8,we are at pres5t 9 a phase ( religi\s ?\ght1 ,*ri/ian & pseudo-,*ri/ian1 :5 a syn!tic /udy ( ! life & tea*+ ( ,*ri/ may well be ( use4 ,we h analys$ until ! m9d turns 9 we>9ess f ! brok5 fragm5ts2 we h criticis$ until !re rema9s no new /&po9t = ! critic2 b if we c\ld only get a :ole conception ( ,*ri/'s life among m5 & ( ! philosophic me?od ( ,8 tea*+1 ,8 own words %\ld be fulfill$ & ! ,son ( ,man lift$ up1 w\ld draw all m5 unto ,himself4 ,x seems to me t v]se (f]s a comp>atively new m$ium 9 :i* to pres5t ! great !me4 ,x is m imp]sonal1 m cond5s$1 is capable ( m rev]5t h&l+ ?an is prose2 & :at ,wordswor? calls ! #8au!ntic comm5t' may be essay$ 9 v]se ) m becom+ diffid5ce4 ,aga91 ! supreme mom5t ( a v great numb] ( lives1 t 9 :i* a p]son is br\ght face to face ) ,*ri/1 comes be=e u ) great vividness 9 ! ,gospel n>ratives1 & x is possible to treat :at we may call dramatic situations ) m =ce1 & at ! same "t ) m retic5ce1 9 v]se ?an 9 prose4 8,we h a s+le fragm5t ( ! great epic :i* ! future may br+ =?1-- #8,^? holy fields ,ov] ^: acres walk$ ^? bless$ feet ,:i* f\rte5 hundr$ ye>s ago 7 nail$ ,= our advantage to ! bitt] cross4' 8,if ,%akespe>e _h giv5 u ! :ole h[ ri* %\ld we be6 ,e l9e ( v]se deal+ directly ) ,our ,"l f ! /&po9t ( ,8 p]sonality is greatly treasur$4 ,we love ! l9es 9 :i* ,tr5* tells u1-- #8,( ,jesus sitt+ by ,sam>ian well ,or tea*+ "s poor fi%]s on ! %ore4' & ,keble's1-- #8,mean:ile ,he paces ?r\gh ! ador+ cr[d ,calm z ! m>* ( "s maje/ic cl\d4' or 81-- #8,9 ,8 meek p[] ,he climbs ! m\nta9's br[4' ,e l9e ( su* v]se is preci\s b ! l9es are few1 no d\bt because ! subject is supremely augu/4 ,meantime we are wait+ = ! great epic3 because ! ne$ seems to be urg5t ! writ] has v5tur$ to (f] a tempor>y /op-gap 9 ! six volumes ( ,! ,savi\r ( ! ,_w40 7,f ! ,preface to ! fir/ volume74 ,a girl ( ?irte5 & a half 7,=m ,,iv7 9 h] ,ea/] exam9ation tackl$ ! "q3 8,! p sat 9 d>kness04444 8,i am ! ,light ( ! ,_w40 ,%ew z f> z y c ! mean+ ( ^! /atem5ts4 ,%e 0 n ask$ to write 9 v]se1 & 0 %e n taught by a beautiful in/9ct to recognise t ! phrases %e _h to deal ) 7 ess5tial poetry & t %e c\ld be/ express h]self 9 v]se8 8,! p sat 9 d>kness--all 0 dim1 ,no light _h yet come unto !m f ,him1 ,no hope z yet ( ,heav5 aft] life1 ,a peaceful hav5 f> f w> & /rife4 ,"s w>riors to ,valhalla's halls might g ,& fight all day1 & die4 ,at ev5+1 lo6 ,!y'd wake aga91 & dr9k 9 ! great hall4 ,"s m5 w\ld sleep = ev] at _! fall2 ,or ) _! fickle ,gods = ev] be3 ,s all 0 d>k & dim4 ,poor hea!ns1 see6 ,! ,light ahead1 ! cl\ds t roll away1 ,! gold51 glori\s1 dawn+ ( ! ,day2 ,& 9 ! birds1 ! fl[]s1 ! sun%9e1 see ,! might ( ,him :o calls1 #8,come unto ,me4'0 ,a girl ( sev5te5 7,=m ,v7 answ]$ ! "q3 ,write an essay or a poem on ! ,bread ( ,life1 by ! foll[+ l9es1-- 8#8,h[ came ,he "h1' ev'n s ! p cri$1 ,:o f\nd ,him 9 ! ,temple3 ,he _h wr\ght ,a miracle1 & f$ ! multitude1 ,on five small loaves & fi%3 s n[ !y'd h ,him k+2 %\ld n !y !n h ev'ry good1 ,food t !y toil$ n = & clo!s & c>e1 ,& all ! com=t t !y c\ld require8-- ,s ?9k+ s\ght ! k+4444 ,our ,savi\r cri$3 #8,lab\r ye n = meat t p]i%e?1 ,b r = ! ev]la/+ bread1 ,:i* ,i w give'--,:]e is ?is bread1 !y cry1 ,!y "k n 'tis a heav5ly bread ,he gives ,b seek = e>?ly food--#8,i am ! ,bread ( ,life ,& all :o come to ,me ,i fe$ ) ,bread4 ,receive ye !n ! ,bread4 ,y\r fa!rs eat ,( manna 9 ! wild]ness--& di$-- ,b :oso eats ?is ,bread %all h 8 "p ,9 ev]la/+ life3 ,i am ! ,bread1 ,t come? d[n f ,heav52 unless ye eat ,( me ye die1 b o!rwise ye live4' ,s ,jesus taught1 9 ,galilee1 long s9ce4 8,! p murmur$ :5 !y he>d ,8 ,^w1 ,h[ c x be8 ,h[ c ,he be our ,bread8 ,!y h>d5$ !n _! he>ts aga9/ ,8 ,^w1 ,!y w\ld n he>1 & c\ld n und]/&1 ,& s !y turnd back to easi] ways1 ,& _m ( !m walk$ ) ,him no m4 ,may ,he grant n[ t we may he> ! ,^w ,& h>d5 n our he>ts aga9/ ! ,tru? ,t ,jesus came to tea*3 s t 9 va9 ,he may n cry to he>ts t w n he>1 #8,i am ! ,bread ( ,life1 = all t come1 ,i h ?is gift1 an ev]la/+ life1 ,& room )9 my ,heav5ly ,fa!r's ,h\se4'0 ,! high] =ms 9 ! ,p4,u4,s4 read ,! ,savi\r ( ! ,_w volume by volume toge!r ) ! text arrang$ 9 *ronological ord]4 ,! l[] =ms read 9 turns ea* ( ! ,synoptic ,gospels2 ,=m ,,iv adds ! ,gospel ( ,/4 ,john & ,! ,acts1 assi/$ by ! capital ,comm5t>ies on ! sev]al ,gospels by ,bi%op ,wal%am ,h[1 publi%$ by ! ,s4,p4,c4,k4 ,! /udy ( ! ,epi/les & ! ,book ( ,revelation is conf9$ = ! mo/ "p to ,=ms ,v & ,,vi4 ,! ,cate*ism1 ,pray]-book1 & ,*ur* ,hi/ory are treat$ ) suitable text-books mu* 9 ! same mann] & give opportunities = su* summ+-up ( ,*ri/ian tea*+ z is includ$ 9 ! s-call$ dogmas ( ! ,*ur*4 ,we f9d t ,sundays toge!r ) ! "t giv5 to prep>ation = ,confirmation af=d suffici5t opportunities = ?is tea*+4#bh ,,section ,,ii ,,! ,,k ,,( ,,man 7a7 ,,hi/ory ,i h already spok5 ( hi/ory z a vital "p ( education & h cit$ ! c\nsel ( ,montaigne t ! tea*] #8%all by ! help ( hi/ories in=m himself ( ! wor?ie/ m9ds t 7 9 ! be/ ages4' ,to u 9 p>ticul> :o are liv+ 9 "o ( ! great epo*s ( hi/ory x is necess>y to "k some?+ ( :at has gone be=e 9 ord] to ?9k ju/ly ( :at is occurr+ to-day4 ,! ,league ( ,nations1 = example1 has rem9d$ u n only ( ! ,congress ( ,vi5na b ( ! sev]al ,treaties ( ,p]petual ,peace :i* h m>k$ ! hi/ory ( ,europe4 ,x is /ill true t1-- 8,?+s done )\t example1 9 _! issue ,are to be fe>$4 ,h y a prec$5t ,( ?is commission80 7,h5ry ,,viii47 ,we applaud ! bluff ,k+'s wisdom & look uneasily = prec$5ts = ! w> & ! peace & ! depress+ anxieties t h come 9 _! tra94 ,we are consci\s ( a lack ( s\nd judgm5t 9 ourselves to decide ^u ! que/ions t h come be=e u & are aw>e t no?+ w\ld give u m confid5ce ?an a pretty wide acqua9tance ) hi/ory4 ,! m educat$ among our #8,dom9ion' c\s9s compla9 t _! "y p h no backgr\nd ( hi/ory & z a consequ5ce #8we are ! p' is _! ma/] ?\ght2 !y w\ld face ev5 ! loss ( ,we/m9/] ,abbey )\t a qualm4 ,:at is x to !m :]e great ev5ts h happ5$1 great p]sons liv$ & mov$8 ,&1 alas1 ?is indiff]5ce to hi/ory is n conf9$ to ! ,dom9ions2 "y p at home are equally indiff]5t1 nor h _! eld]s su* /ores ( int]e/ & in=mation z %\ld quick5 *ildr5 ) ! k t always & ev]y:]e !re h be5 great p>ts to play & almo/ always great m5 to play ^? p>ts3 t any day x may come to anyone to d "s s]vice ( hi/orical mom5t to ! c\ntry4 ,x is n too mu* to say t a rational well-consid]$ patriotism dep5ds on a pretty copi\s read+ ( hi/ory1 & ) ?is rational patriotism we desire our "y p %all be in=m$ r ?an ) ! j+oism ( ! emotional patriot4 ,if !re is b little k ( hi/ory among/ u1 no d\bt our s*ools are 9 fault4 ,tea*]s w plead t !re is no "t save = a sket*y k ( ,engli% hi/ory giv5 9 a c\rse ( lectures ( :i* ! pupils take notes & "w up reports4 ,mo/ ( u "k h[ unsatisfy+ is su* a c\rse h[ev] ent]ta9+4 ,n ev5 ,?ack]ay c\ld introduce ! /uff ( k into 8 lectures on ,! ,f\r ,georges4 ,our k ( hi/ory %\ld give u some?+ m ?an impressions & op9ions1 b1 alas1 ! lack ( "t is a real difficulty4 ,n[ ! me?od ,i am advocat+ has ?is advantage2 x multiplies "t4 ,ea* s*ool p]iod is quadrupl$ 9 "t value & we f9d t we get ?r\gh a surpris+ am\nt ( hi/ory 9 a ?or\gh way1 9 ab\t ! same "t t 9 mo/ s*ools af=ds no m ?an a skeleton ( ,engli% ,hi/ory only4 ,we "k t "y p are enorm\sly int]e/$ 9 ! subject & give conc5trat$ att5tion if we give !m ! "r books4 ,we are aw>e t our own discursive talk is usually a wa/e ( "t & a /ra9 on ! s*ol>s' att5tion1 s we 7( ! ,p4,n4,e4,u47 conf9e ourselves to af=d+ two ?+s1--k1 & a ke5 sympa?y 9 ! int]e/ r\s$ by t k4 ,x is our "p to see t e *ild kn[s & c tell1 :e!r by way ( oral n>rative or writt5 essay4 ,9 ?is way an unusual am\nt ( gr\nd is cov]$ ) su* c]ta9ty t no revision is requir$ = ! exam9ation at ! end ( ! t]m4 ,a s+le read+ is a condition insi/$ ^u because a naturally desultory habit ( m9d leads u all to put (f ! ef=t ( att5tion z long z a second or ?ird *ance ( cop+ ) our subject is to be hop$ =4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 a mi/ake to speak ( ! #8ef=t ( att5tion4' ,complete & entire att5tion is a natural function :i* requires no ef=t & causes no fatigue2 ! anxi\s lab\r ( m9d ( :i* we are at times aw>e comes :5 att5tion w&]s & has aga9 to be br\ght to ! po9t2 b ! conc5tration at :i* mo/ tea*]s aim is an innate provision = education & is n ! result ( tra9+ or ef=t4 ,our conc]n is to af=d matt] ( a suffici5tly lit]>y "*1 toge!r ) ! c]ta9ty t no second or ?ird opportunity = kn[+ a giv5 lesson w be all[$4 ,! p]sonality ( ! tea*] is no d\bt ( mu* value b p]haps ?is value is intellectual r ?an emotional4 ,! p]ception ( ! tea*] is ke5ly int]e/$1 t 8 m9d & _! m9ds are work+ 9 h>mony is a wond]ful inc5tive to "y s*ol>s2 b ! sympa!tic tea*] :o believes t to att5d is a /ra91 :o makes all[ance = ! hundr$ w&]+ fancies t beset a *ild--:om he has at la/ to pull up ) ef=t1 tir+ to tea*] & pupil--h9d]s 9 8 good-natur$ ef=ts to help4 ,! *ild ( six 9 ,,ib has1 n /ories f ,engli% ,hi/ory1 b a def9ite quantity ( consecutive read+1 say1 =ty pages 9 a t]m1 f a well-writt51 well-consid]$1 l>ge volume :i* is also well-illu/rat$4 ,*ildr5 _c ( c\rse !mselves read a book :i* is by no means writt5 d[n to ! #8*ild's level' s ! tea*] reads & ! *ildr5 #8tell' p>agraph by p>agraph1 passage by passage4 ,! tea*] does n talk mu* & is c>eful nev] to int]rupt a *ild :o is call$ ^u to #8tell4' ,! fir/ ef=ts may be /umbl+ b pres5tly ! *ildr5 get into _! #8/ride' & #8tell' a passage at l5g? ) surpris+ flu5cy4 ,! tea*] probably all[s o!r *ildr5 to correct any faults 9 ! tell+ :5 x is ov]4 ,! tea*]'s own really difficult "p is to keep up sympa!tic int]e/ by look & occasional ^w1 by rem>ks ^u a passage t has be5 n>rat$1 by occasionally %ew+ pictures1 & s on4 ,b %e w be> 9 m9d t ! *ild ( six has begun ! s]i\s bus9ess ( 8 education1 t x does n matt] mu* :e!r he und]/&s ?is ^w or t1 b t x matt]s a great deal t he %\ld le>n to deal directly ) books4 ,:atev] a *ild or gr[n-up p]son c tell1 t we may be sure he kn[s1 & :at he _c tell1 he does n "k4 ,possibly ?is practice ( #8tell+' 0 m us$ 9 ! sixte5? & sev5te5? c5turies ?an x is n[4 ,we rememb] h[ ?ree g5tlem5 meet 9 ,h5ry ,,viii & "o :o has j come out ( ! ,abbey f witness+ ! coronation ( ,anne ,boleyn is ask$ to tell ! o!rs ab\t x1 :i* he does ) ! vividness & accuracy we obta9 f *ildr54 ,9 ?is case no d\bt ! #8tell+' 0 a /age device1 b w\ld x h be5 adopt$ if su* n>ration 7 n commonly practis$8 ,ev5 9 our own day a good raconteur is a welcome gue/2 & a g5]ation or two ago ! art 0 /udi$ z a "p ( g5tlemanly equipm5t4 ,! objection occurs t su* a social accompli%m5t is unnecess>y = *ildr5 & is a m]e ex]cise ( memory4 ,n[ a passage to be memoris$ requires mu* conn+1 mu* repetition1 & mean:ile ! le>n]s are #8?9k+' ab\t o!r matt]s1 t is1 ! m9d is n at "w 9 ! act ( memoris+4 ,to read a passage ) full att5tion & to tell x aft]w>ds has a curi\sly diff]5t effect4 ,m4 ,b]gson makes ! happy di/9ction betwe5 ^w memory & m9d memory1 :i*1 once ! =ce ( x is realis$1 %\ld br+ ab\t sweep+ *anges 9 our me?ods ( education4 ,tru/+ to m9d memory we visualise ! sc5e1 are conv9c$ by ! argum5ts1 take pleasure 9 ! turn ( ! s5t5ces & frame our own ^u !m2 9 fact t p>ticul> passage or *apt] has be5 receiv$ into u & become a "p ( u j z lit]ally z 0 ye/]day's d9n]2 nay1 m s1 = ye/]day's d9n] is ( little acc\nt to-morr[2 b sev]al mon?s1 p]haps ye>s h5ce1 we %all be able to n>rate ! passage we _h1 s to say1 consum$ & gr[n ^u ) all ! vividness1 detail & accuracy ( ! fir/ tell+4 ,all ^? p[]s ( ! m9d :i* we call faculties h be5 br\ght into play 9 deal+ ) ! intellectual matt] ?us af=d$2 s we may n ask que/ions to help ! *ild to reason1 pa9t fancy pictures to help him to imag9e1 draw out moral lessons to quick5 8 consci5ce4 ,^! ?+s take place z involunt>ily z processes ( dige/ion4 ,*ildr5 ( sev5 are promot$ to ,=m ,,ia 9 :i* !y rema9 = a c\ple ( ye>s4 ,!y read f ! same capital book1 ,mrs4 ,m>%all's ,our ,isl& ,/ory1 & ab\t ! same numb] ( pages 9 a t]m2 b :ile ! read+s 9 ,,ib are conf9$ to ! fir/ ?ird ( ! book embody+ ! simpl] & m direct hi/ories1 ^? 9 ,,ia g on to ! end ( ! volume & *ildr5 le>n at any rate to love ,engli% hi/ory4 8,i'd a lot soon] h hi/ory ?an my d9n]10 said a /urdy boy ( sev5 by no means incl9$ to neglect 8 d9n]4 ,9 ,,ia ! hi/ory is amplifi$ & illu/rat$ by %ort biographies ( p]sons connect$ ) ! p]iod /udi$1 ,"l ,clive1 ,nelson1 etc42 & ,mrs4 ,frew5 ,"l's delightful ,tales f ,we/m9/] ,abbey & f ,/4 ,paul's help ! *ildr5 imm5sely 9 individualis+ _! h]oes4 ,x is good to he> !m #8tell' ( ,frankl91 ,nelson1 ,h[>d1 ,%aftesbury1 & _! delight 9 visit+ ! monum5ts is v great4 ,"o w\ld n ?9k t ,donne w\ld greatly int]e/ *ildr5 b ! excitem5t ( a small p>ty 9 notic+ ! m>ks ( ! ,great ,fire /ill to be se5 on 8 monum5t 0 illum9at+ to look]s-on4 ,possibly !re is no s\nd] me?od ( inculcat+ a sane & s]viceable patriotism ?an ?is ( mak+ *ildr5 famili> ) ! monum5ts ( ! great ev5 if !y h n ! opportunity to see !m4 ,=m ,,ii 7ages #i to #ab7 h a m consid]able hi/orical programme :i* !y cov] ) ease & enjoym5t4 ,!y use a m difficult book ?an 9 ,,ia1 an int]e/+ & well-writt5 hi/ory ( ,engl& ( :i* !y read "s fifty pages or s 9 a t]m4 ,,iia read 9 addition & by way ( illu/ration ! *apt]s deal+ ) ! social life ( ! p]iod 9 a volume1 treat+ ( social life 9 ,engl&4 ,we introduce *ildr5 z e>ly z possible to ! contempor>y hi/ory ( o!r c\ntries z ! /udy ( ,engli% hi/ory alone is apt to lead to a c]ta9 insul> & arrogant habit ( m9d4 ,naturally we beg9 ) ,fr5* hi/ory & bo? divisions read f ! ,fir/ ,hi/ory ( ,france1 v well writt51 ! *apt]s contempor>y ) ! ,engli% hi/ory !y are read+4 ,! read9ess ) :i* *ildr5 write or tell ( ,ri*elieu1 ,colb]t1 ,bay>d1 ju/ifies u 9 ?is e>ly introduction ( =eign hi/ory2 & ! lucidity & cle>ness ) :i* ! /ory is told 9 ! book !y use results on ! "p ( ! *ildr5 9 su* a k ( ! hi/ory ( ,france z ?r[s light on t ( _! own c\ntry & c]ta9ly gives !m ! s5se t hi/ory 0 progress+ ev]y:]e mu* z x 0 at home dur+ ! p]iod !y are read+ ab\t4 ,! /udy ( anci5t hi/ory :i* _c be contemporane\s we approa* ?r\gh a *ronologically-arrang$ book ab\t ! ,briti% ,museum 7writt5 = ! s*ol>s ( ! ,p4,u4,s4 by ! late ,mrs4 ,w4 ,epps :o _h ! delightful gift ( realis+ ! progress ( ! ages z repres5t$ 9 our great national /oreh\se74 ,i h already in/anc$ a *ild's visit to ! ,p>!non ,room & h] eag] id5tification ( :at %e saw ) :at %e _h read1 & t w s]ve to indicate ! sort ( key to anci5t hi/ory af=d$ by ?is valuable book4 ,miss ,g4 ,m4 ,b]nau has add$ to ! value ( ^! /udies by produc+ a #8,book ( ,c5turies' 9 :i* *ildr5 draw su* illu/rations z !y come across ( objects ( dome/ic use1 ( art1 etc41 connect$ ) ! c5tury !y are read+ ab\t4 ,?is slight /udy ( ! ,briti% ,museum we f9d v valuable2 :e!r ! *ildr5 h or h n ! opportunity ( visit+ ! ,museum itself1 !y h ! hope ( do+ s1 &1 besides1 _! m9ds are awak5$ to ! treasures ( local museums4 ,9 ,=m ,,iii *ildr5 cont9ue ! same hi/ory ( ,engl& z 9 ,,ii1 ! same ,fr5* hi/ory & ! same ,briti% ,museum ,book1 go+ on ) _! #8,book ( ,c5turies4' ,to ?is !y add ab\t tw5ty to ?irty pages a t]m f a little book on ,indian ,hi/ory1 a subject :i* int]e/s !m greatly4 ,slight /udies ( ! hi/ory ( o!r p>ts ( ! ,briti% ,empire are includ$ "u #8,geography4' ,9 ,=m ,,iv ! *ildr5 are promot$ to ,g>d9]'s ,/ud5t's ,hi/ory ( ,engl&1 cle> & able1 b some:at /iff] ?an t !y h hi!rto be5 engag$ ^u1 toge!r ) ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,qu5nell's ,hi/ory ( ,ev]yday ,?+s 9 ,engl& 7:i* is us$ 9 ,=m ,,iii also74 ,=m ,,iv is introduc$ to outl9es ( ,european hi/ory4 ,! ,briti% ,museum = ,*ildr5 & #8,book ( ,c5turies' are cont9u$4 ,x is z tea*]s "k a matt] ( extreme difficulty to f9d ! exactly "r book = *ildr5's read+ 9 ea* subject & = "s ye>s we h be5 regrett+ ! fact t ,"l's v delightful ,mod]n ,europe#bi has be5 out ( pr9t4 ,! hi/ory /udies ( ,=ms ,v & ,,vi 7ages #ae to #ah7 are m advanc$ & m copi\s & dep5d = illu/ration ^u read+s 9 ! lit]ature ( ! p]iod4 ,gre5's ,%ort] ,hi/ory ( ! ,engli% ,p is ! text-book 9 ,engli% hi/ory1 amplifi$1 = example1 by ,macaulay's ,essays on ,fr$]ick ! ,great & ! ,au/rian ,succession1 on ,pitt & ,clive4 ,= ! same p]iod we use an ,am]ican hi/ory ( ,we/]n ,europe & a v admirable hi/ory ( ,france1 well-translat$ f ! orig9al ( ,m4 ,duruy4 ,possibly ,madame de ,/al's ,l',allemagne or "s o!r hi/orical "w ( equal calibre may occur 9 _! read+ ( ,fr5*4 ,x is n possible to cont9ue ! /udy ( ,greek & ,roman hi/ory 9 detail b an admirably writt5 survey in=m$ ) en?usiasm is af=d$ by ,pr(essor de ,burgh's ,! ,legacy ( ! ,anci5t ,_w4 ,! pupils make hi/ory *>ts = e hundr$ ye>s on ! plan ei!r adapt$ or inv5t$ by ! late ,miss ,beale ( ,*elt5ham1 a squ>e rul$ into a hundr$ spaces t5 9 ea* direction ) ! symbol 9 ea* squ>e %[+ an ev5t :i* l5ds itself to illu/ration dur+ t p>ticul> t5 ye>s4 ,?us cross$ battle axes repres5t a w>4 ,! geographical aspects ( hi/ory fall "u #8,geography' z a subject4 ,?is c\rse ( hi/orical read+ is valu$ exce$+ly by "y p z af=d+ a k ( ! pa/ t be>s ^u & illum9ates ! pres5t4 ,! writ] recollects meet+ a brilliant gr\p ( ,ox=d und]graduates1 ke5 & full ( int]e/1 b lam5tably ignorant1 :o said1 8,we want to "k some?+ ab\t hi/ory4 ,:at d y advise u to read8 ,we "k no?+40 ,p]haps no y\? %\ld g to ,college )\t "s su* rudim5t>y c\rse ( ,engli%1 ,european1 &1 especially1 ,fr5* hi/ory1 z is af=d$ by ! programmes4#cj ,su* a g5]al survey %\ld prec$e any special c\rse & %\ld be requir$ be=e ! m academic /udies design$ to prep>e /ud5ts = #8rese>* "w4' ,x w be obs]v$ t ! "w ?r\gh\t ! ,=ms is always *ronologically progressive4 ,! "y /ud5t r>ely goes ov] old gr\nd2 b %\ld x happ5 t ! :ole s*ool has arriv$ at ! end ( #aibj1 say1 & !re is no?+ = x b to beg9 aga91 ! books /udi$ ?r[ new light & br+ ! "y /ud5ts into l9e ) mod]n rese>*4 ,b any sket* ( ! hi/ory tea*+ 9 ,=ms ,v & ,,vi 9 a giv5 p]iod dep5ds ^u a notice ( ! #8lit]ature' set2 = plays1 novels1 essays1 #8lives1' poems1 are all press$ into s]vice & :]e x is possible1 ! ar*itecture1 pa9t+1 etc41 :i* ! p]iod produc$4 ,?us que/ions su* z ! foll[+ on a t]m's "w bo? te/ & record ! read+ ( ! t]m1--8,describe ! condition ( 7a7 ! cl]gy1 7b7 ! army1 7c7 ! navy1 7d7 ! g5]al public 9 & ab\t #afhe40 8,trace ! rise ( ,prussia be=e ,fr$]ick ! ,great40 8,:at !ories ( gov]nm5t 7 held by ,l\is ,,xiv8 ,give "s acc\nt ( 8 great m9i/]s40 8,describe ! rise ( ,russia & its condition at ! op5+ ( ! eighte5? c5tury40 8,suppose ,evelyn 7,=m ,,vi7 or ,pepys 7,=m ,v7 9 c\nsel at ! ,league ( ,nations1 write 8 di>y = ?ree days40 8,sket* ! "* & mann]s ( ,addison4 ,h[ does he appe> 9 ,esmond80 ,x is a great ?+ to possess a pageant ( hi/ory 9 ! backgr\nd ( "o's ?\ghts4 ,we may n be able to recall ?is or t circum/ance1 b1 #8! imag9ation is w>m$'2 we "k t !re is a great deal to be said on bo? sides ( e "q & are sav$ f crudities 9 op9ion & ra%ness 9 action4 ,! pres5t becomes enri*$ = u ) ! weal? ( all t has gone be=e4 ,p]haps ! grave/ defect 9 s*ool curricula is t !y fail to give a compreh5sive1 intellig5t & int]e/+ introduction to hi/ory4 ,to leave (f or ev5 to beg9 ) ! hi/ory ( our own c\ntry is fatal4 ,we _c live sanely unless we "k t o!r peoples are z we are ) a diff]5ce1 t _! hi/ory is z ours1 ) a diff]5ce1 t !y too h be5 repres5t$ by _! poets & _! arti/s1 t !y too h _! lit]ature & _! national life4 ,we h be5 asleep & our awak+ is r t]rible4 ,! p :om we h n taught1 rise ^u u 9 _! ignorance & #8! rabble1'-- 8,z ! _w 7 n[ b to beg9 ,antiquity =got1 cu/om n kn[n1 ,!y cry1--#8,*oose we6'0 7,hamlet47 ,heav5 help _! *oice = *oos+ is inde$ ) !m1 & little d !y "k ( ^? two ratifi]s & props ( e pres5t ^w & action1 ,antiquity & ,cu/om6 ,x is nev] too late to m5d b we may n delay to (f] su* a lib]al & g5]\s diet ( ,hi/ory to e *ild 9 ! c\ntry z %all give weight to 8 decisions1 consid]ation to 8 actions & /ability to 8 conduct2 t /ability1 ! lack ( :i* has plung$ u into _m a /ormy sea ( unre/4 ,x is to be not$ t #8/ability' is ! m>k ( ! educat$ classes4 ,:5 we reflect ^u ! di/urbance ( ! national life by lab\r unre/ &1 aga91 ^u ! fact t political & social p[] is pass+ into ! h&s ( ! majority1 t is ( ! lab\r+ classes1 we _c b feel t !re is a div9e fitness1 a provid5tial adaptation 9 ! circum/ance t ! inf9ite educability ( p]sons ( all classes %\ld be disclos$ to u z a nation at a "t :5 an emotional & ignorant lab\r+ class is a peculi> dang]4 ,i am n sure t ! education impli$ 9 ! old symbol ( ! ladd] does make = national tranquility4 ,x is "r t equal opportunity ( be+ fir/ %\ld be af=d$ to all b t is no new ?+4 ,our hi/ory is punctuat$ by m5 :o h ris51 & ! ,roman ,*ur* has l>gely f\nd$ h]self z has ! ,*9ese ,empire ^u ?is doctr9e ( equal opportunity4 ,b let u rememb] t ! m5 :o climb are apt to be uneasy memb]s ( society2 ! desire = k = its own sake1 on ! o!r h&1 f9ds satisfaction 9 k itself4 ,! "y m5 see visions2 ! h>d%ips ( daily life are ameliorat$1 & :ile an al]t & in=m$ m9d leads to dec5cy & propriety ( liv+ x does n lead to ! re/less desire to subv]t society = ! sake ( ! *ances (f]$ by a g5]al upheaval4 ,wordswor? is "r3-- 8,if rightly tra9$ & br$ ,humanity is humble40 ,we live 9 times critical = ev]ybody b em95tly critical = tea*]s because x re/s ) !m to decide :e!r p]sonal or g5]al good %\ld be aim$ at1 :e!r education %all be m]ely a means ( gett+ on or a means ( g5]al progress t[>ds high ?9k+ & pla9 liv+ & !re=e an in/rum5t ( ! greate/ national good4#ca ,,ii ,,! ,,k ,,( ,,man 7b7 ,,lit]ature ,except 9 ,=m ,i ! /udy ( ,lit]ature goes p>i passu ) t ( ,hi/ory4 ,fairy tales1 7,&]s5 or ,grimm1 = example71 delight ,=m ,,ib1 & ! little p re-tell ^! tales copi\sly1 vividly1 & ) ! a/oni%+ exactness we may expect :5 we rememb] h[ s]i\sly annoy$ !y are ) ! /ory-tell] :o alt]s a phrase or a circum/ance4 sop's ,fables1 too1 are us$ ) great success1 & are r5d]$1 aft] be+ once he>d1 ) brevity & po9t1 & *ildr5 readily appropriate ! moral4 ,mrs4 ,gatty's ,p>ables f ,nature1 aga91 s]ve ano!r purpose4 ,!y fe$ a *ild's s5se ( wond] & are v good to tell4 ,!re is no attempt to r$uce ! "w ( ?is =m1 or any o!r1 to a suppos$ #8*ild level4' ,=m ,,ia 7#g to #i7 he>s & tells *apt] by *apt] ,! ,pilgrim's ,progress & ! *ildr5's n>rations are delightful4 ,no beautiful ?\ght or bold figure escapes !m4 ,&rew ,lang's ,tales ( ,troy & ,greece1 a big volume1 is a pice de resi/ance go+ on f t]m to t]m4 ,! great tales ( ! h]oic age f9d _! way to *ildr5's he>ts4 ,!y conceive vividly & tell eag]ly1 & ! difficult classical names in/ead ( be+ a /umbl+-block are a delight1 because1 z a ,ma/] ( a ,c\ncil s*ool says1-- 8,*ildr5 h an in/9ctive p[] by :i* !y are able to s5se ! mean+ ( a :ole passage & ev5 "s difficult words40 ,t ! sonor\s beauty ( ^! classical names appeals to !m is illu/rat$ by a fur!r quotation f ! same ,ma/]1-- 8,a boy ( ab\t sev5 9 my s*ool ! o!r day ask$ 8 "m :y %e _h n giv5 him "o ( ^? pretty names !y he>d 9 ! /ories at s*ool4 ,he ?\ght ,ulysses a pretti] "n ?an 8 own1 ,k5ne?1 & t ! "m ( 8 playmate might h call$ him ,a*illes in/ead ( ,alan40 ,!re is pr(\nd ne$ to cultivate delight 9 beautiful names 9 days :5 we are ?reat5$ ) ! fe> t ,london itself %\ld lose t ri* halo ( hi/oric associations :i* glorifies its e /reet & alley1 t x may be made l ,new ,york1 & %\ld "n a /reet ,x#ejj1--l a workh\se *ild )\t designation2 an age :5 we express ! glory & beauty ( ! next highe/ peak ( ! ,himalayas by nam+ x ,k#b6 ,9 su* an age1 ?is1 ( _! inh]5t aptitude = beautiful names1 is a lode ( mu* promise 9 *ildr5's m9ds4 ,! ,kaffir :o ann\nc$ t 8 "n 0 #8,telephone' _h an e> = s\nd4 ,k+sley's ,wat] ,babies1 ,alice 9 ,wond]l&1 ,kipl+'s ,j ,s ,/ories1 scores ( exquisite classics writt5 = *ildr51 b n writt5 d[n to !m1 are suitable at ?is /age4 ,=m ,,iib has a consid]able programme ( read+1 t is1 n ! m]e me*anical ex]cise ( read+ b ! read+ ( c]ta9 books4 ,!re=e x is necess>y t two ye>s %\ld be sp5t 9 ,=m ,,ia & t 9 ! second ( ^! two ye>s ! *ildr5 %\ld read a good deal ( ! set "w = !mselves4 ,9 ,,iib !y read _! own geography1 hi/ory1 poetry1 b p]haps ,%akespe>e's ,twelf? ,night1 say1 ,scott's ,rob ,roy1 ,gulliv]'s ,travels1 %\ld be read to !m & n>rat$ by !m until !y are well 9 _! t5? ye>4 ,_! p[] to und]/&1 visualise1 & #8tell' a play ( ,%akespe>e f n9e ye>s old & onw>ds is v surpris+4 ,!y put 9 no?+ :i* is n !re1 b !y miss no?+ & display a passage or a sc5e 9 a sort ( curi\s relief4 ,"o or two books ( ! calibre ( ,! ,h]oes ( ,asg>d are also includ$ 9 ! programme = ! t]m4 ,! transition to ,=m ,,iia is m>k$ by m individual read+ z well z by a few additional books4 ,! *ildr5 read _! #8,%akespe>e play' 9 "*4 ,c]ta9 ,c\ncil ,s*ool boys1 we are told1 insi/ on dramatis+ ,scott z !y read x4 ,bulf9*'s ,age ( ,fable admits !m to ! ri* imag9+s ( peoples :o did n yet "k4 ,goldsmi?'s poems & ,/ev5son's ,kidnapp$1 etc41 may =m "p ( a t]m's "w1 & 9 ea* & all *ildr5 %ew ! same surpris+ p[] ( kn[+1 ev9c$ by ! "o sure te/1--!y are able to #8tell' ea* "w !y h read n only ) accuracy b ) _s & orig9ality4 ,h[ is x possible1 x may be ask$1 to %[ orig9ality 9 #8m]e n>ration'8 ,let u ask ,scott1 ,%akespe>e1 ,hom]1 :o told :at !y knew1 t is n>rat$1 b ) cont9ual sc9tillations f _! own g5ius play+ ^u ! writt5 ^w4 ,j s 9 _! small degree d ! *ildr5 n>rate2 !y see x all s vividly t :5 y read or he> _! v]sions ! !me is illum9at$ = y too4 ,*ildr5 rema9 9 ,=m ,,ii until !y are twelve1 & "h ,i w\ld rem>k on ! ev5ness ) :i* ! p[] ( *ildr5 9 deal+ ) books is develop$4 ,we spread an abundant & delicate fea/ 9 ! programmes & ea* small gue/ assimilates :at he c4 ,! *ild ( g5ius & imag9ation gets greatly m ?an 8 dull] comrade b all sit d[n to ! same fea/ & ea* "o gets accord+ to 8 ne$s & p[]s4 ,! surprises af=d$ by ! dull & ev5 ! #8backw>d' *ildr5 are enc\rag+ & illum9at+4 ,we ?9k we "k t man is an educable be+1 b :5 we af=d to *ildr5 all t !y want we discov] h[ /rait5$ 7 our views1 h[ poor & n>r[ ! education we (f]$4 ,ev5 9 s-call$ defici5t *ildr5 we p]ceive1-- 8,:at a piece ( "w is man4444 ,9 appreh5sion1 h[ l a god60 ,9 ,=ms ,,iii & ,,iv we introduce a ,hi/ory ( ,engli% ,lit]ature c>efully *os5 to af=d sympa!tic int]e/ & delight :ile avoid+ /]eotyp$ op9ions & /ale in=mation4 ,! portion read ea* t]m 7say fifty pages7 corresponds ) ! p]iod cov]$ 9 hi/ory /udies & ! book is a great fav\rite ) *ildr54 ,!y h ( c\rse a great flair = ,%akespe>e1 :e!r ,k+ ,le>1 ,twelf? ,night1 ,h5ry ,v1 or "s o!r play1 & ,! ,wav]leys usually af=d a contempor>y tale4 ,!re has be5 discussion 9 ,elem5t>y ,s*ools z to :e!r an abridg$ edition w\ld n give a bett] *ance ( gett+ ?r\gh ! novel set = a t]m1 b /rong argum5ts 7 br\ght =w>d at a conf]5ce ( tea*]s 9 ,gl\ce/] 9 fav\r ( a complete edition4 ,*ildr5 take pleasure 9 ! #8dry' p>ts1 descriptions & ! l1 r5d]+ ^! q beautifully 9 _! n>rations4 ,=m ,,iv may h q a wide c\rse ( read+4 ,= in/ance if ! hi/orical p]iod = a t]m include ! ,commonweal?1 !y may read ,l',allegro1 & ,il ,p5s]oso1 ,lycidas1 & contempor>y poets z repres5t$ 9 a good an?ology1 or1 = a lat] p]iod1 ,pope's ,rape ( ! ,lock1 or ,gray's poems1 :ile ,=m ,,iii read poems ( ,goldsmi? & ,burns4 ,! object ( *ildr5's lit]>y /udies is n to give !m precise in=mation z to :o wrote :at 9 ! reign ( :om8--b to give !m a s5se ( ! spaci\sness ( ! days1 n only ( great ,elizabe?1 b ( all ^? times ( :i* poets1 hi/orians & ! mak]s ( tales1 h left u liv+ pictures4 ,9 su* ways ! *ildr5 secure1 n ! sort ( in=mation :i* is ( little cultural value1 b wide spaces :]e9 imag9ation may take ^? holiday excursions depriv$ ( :i* life is dre>y2 judgm5t1 too1 w turn ov] ^! folios ( ! m9d & arrive at fairly j decisions ab\t a giv5 /rike1 ! "q ( ,pol&1 ,indian ,unre/4 ,e man is call$ ^u to be a /atesman see+ t e man & woman1 too1 has a %>e 9 ! gov]nm5t ( ! c\ntry2 b /atesman%ip requires imag9ative conceptions1 =m$ ^u pretty wide read+ & "s famili>ity ) hi/orical prec$5ts4 ,! read+ = ,=ms ,v & ,,vi 7ages #ae to #ah7 is m compreh5sive & m difficult4 ,l t 9 ! e>li] ,=ms1 x foll[s ! l9es ( ! hi/ory !y are read+1 t\*+ curr5t lit]ature 9 ! occasional use ( mod]n books2 b "y p :o h be5 br\ght up on ?is sort ( "w may1 we f9d1 be tru/$ to keep !mselves au fait ) ! be/ t is be+ produc$ 9 _! own days4 ,giv5 ! prop] p]iod1 ,=m ,v w\ld cov] 9 a t]m ,pope's ,essay on ,man1 ,c>lyle's ,essay on ,burns1 ,frank=t ,moore's ,jessamy ,bride1 ,goldsmi?'s ,citiz5 ( ! ,_w 7edit$71 ,?ack]ay's ,! ,virg9ians1 ! contempor>y poets f an an?ology4 ,=m ,,vi w\ld read ,boswell1 ,! ,battle ( ! ,books1 ,macaulay's ,essays on ,goldsmi?1 ,johnson1 ,pitt2 ! contempor>y poets f ,! ,ox=d ,book ( ,v]se1 & bo? ,=ms read ,%e ,/oops to ,conqu]4 ,?is c\rse ( read+1 x w be se51 is sugge/ive & w lead to mu* read+ r\nd & ab\t x 9 lat] days4 ,z = ! am\nt cov]$ 9 ea* ,=m1 x is probably ab\t ! am\nt mo/ ( u cov] 9 ! p]iod ( "t includ$ 9 a s*ool t]m1 b :ile we gr[n-up p]sons read & =get because we d n take ! pa9s to "k z we read1 ^! "y /ud5ts h ! p[]s ( p]fect recollection & j application because !y h read ) att5tion & conc5tration & h 9 e case reproduc$ :at !y h read 9 n>ration1 or1 ! gi/ ( "s portion ( x1 9 writ+4 ,! *ildr5's answ]s#cb 9 _! exam9ation pap]s1 %[ t lit]ature has become a liv+ p[] 9 ! m9ds ( ^! "y p4 ,,ii ,,! ,,k ,,( ,,man 7c7 ,,morals ,,& ,,economics3 ,,citiz5%ip ,l ,lit]ature ?is subject1 too1 is ancill>y to ,hi/ory4 ,9 ,=m ,i1 *ildr5 beg9 to ga!r conclusions z to ! g5]al life ( ! community f tales1 fables & ! /ory ( "o or ano!r great citiz54 ,9 ,=m ,,ii1 ,citiz5%ip becomes a def9ite subject r f ! po9t ( view ( :at may be call$ ! inspiration ( citiz5%ip ?an f t ( ! k prop] to a citiz51 ?\gh ! latt] is by no means neglect$4 ,we f9d ,plut>*'s ,lives exce$+ly inspir+4 ,^! are read al\d by ! tea*] 7) suitable omissions7 & n>rat$ ) great _s by ! *ildr54 ,!y le>n to answ] su* que/ions z1--8,9 :at ways did ,p]icles make ,a!ns beautiful8 ,h[ did he p]suade ! p to help him80 ,& we may hope t ! idea is eng5d]$ ( pres]v+ & increas+ ! beauty ( _! own neighb\rhood )\t ! /al5ess :i* comes ( mu* exhortation4 ,aga91 !y w answ]1--8,h[ did ,p]icles manage ! p 9 "t ( w> le/ !y %\ld =ce him to act aga9/ 8 own judgm5t80 ,& f su* k z ?is we may suppose t ! *ildr5 beg9 to get a sympa!tic view ( ! problems ( /atesman%ip4 ,!n1 to come to our own "t1 !y are enabl$ to answ]1--8,:at d y "k ( 7a7 ,c\nty ,c\ncils1 7b7 ,di/rict ,c\ncils1 7c7 ,p>i% ,c\ncils80--k :i* %\ld make *ildr5 p]ceive t !y too are be+ prep>$ to become wor?y citiz5s1 ea* ) 8 sev]al duties4 ,our old fri5d ,mrs4 ,beesley's ,/ories f ! ,hi/ory ( ,rome helps u "h 9 ,=m ,,iib in/ead ( ,plut>*1 illum9$ by ,macaulay's ,lays ( ,anci5t ,rome4 ,9 giv+ *ildr5 ! k ( m5 & affairs :i* we class "u #8,citiz5%ip' we h to face ! problem ( good & evil4 ,_m e>ne/-m9d$ tea*]s w sympa?ise ) "o ( _! numb] :o said1-- 8,:y give *ildr5 ! tale ( ,circe1 9 :i* !re is su* an (f5sive display ( gre$9ess1 :y n br+ !m up exclusively on h]oic tales :i* (f] !m some?+ to live up to8 ,"t is %ort4 ,:y n use x all 9 giv+ examples ( good life & in/ruction 9 good mann]s80 ,aga91-- 8,:y %\ld !y read any "p ( ,*ilde ,h>old1 & s become famili> ) a poet ^: works d n make = edification80 ,n[ ,plut>* is l ! ,bible 9 ?is1 t he does n label ! actions ( 8 p z good or bad b leaves ! consci5ce & judgm5t ( 8 read]s to make t classification4 ,:at to avoid & h[ to avoid x1 is k z important to ! citiz5 :e!r ( ! ,city ( ,god or ( 8 own imm$iate city1 z to "k :at is good & h[ to p]=m ! same4 ,*ildr5 recognise ) incipi5t we>9ess ! doctor$ tale z soon z x is begun to be told1 b ! human /ory ) its evil & its good nev] flags 9 int]e/4 ,jacob does n pall ^u u ?\gh he 0 ! elect ( ,god4 ,we recognise ! ju/ice ( 8 own v]dict on himself1 8few & evil h be5 ! days ( my life40 ,we recognise ! f9] integrity ( ! =eign k+s & rul]s t he is br\ght 9 contact )1 j z 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t ! ,roman ,c5turion is 9 e case a f9] p]son ?an ! religi\s ,jew4 ,p]haps we are s made t ! h]oic :i* is all h]oic1 ! good :i* is all virtu\s1 palls ^u u1 :]eas we prea* little s]mons to ourselves on ! text ( ! fail+s & weaknesses ( ^? great ones ) :om we become acqua9t$ 9 our read+4 ,*ildr5 l ourselves mu/ see life :ole if !y are to pr(it4 ,at ! same "t !y mu/ be protect$ f grossness & rud5ess by means ( ! lit]>y m$ium ?r\gh :i* !y are taught4 ,a daily newspap] is n on a level ) ,plut>*'s ,lives1 nor ) ,&rew ,lang's ,tales ( ,troy & ,greece1 ?\gh possibly ! same class ( incid5ts may appe> 9 bo?4 ,! boy1 or girl1 ag$ f t5 to twelve1 :o is intimate ) a doz5 or s ( ,plut>*'s ,lives1 s intimate t !y influ5ce 8 ?\ght & conduct1 has le>n$ to put 8 c\ntry fir/ & to see individuals only z !y s]ve or dis-s]ve ! ,/ate4 ,?us he gets 8 fir/ lesson 9 ! sci5ce ( proportion4 ,*ildr5 famili> ) ! great idea ( a ,/ate 9 ! s5se1 n ( a gov]nm5t b ( ! p1 le>n readily en\gh ab\t ! laws1 cu/oms & gov]nm5t ( _! c\ntry2 le>n1 too1 ) great int]e/ some?+ ab\t !mselves1 m9d & body1 he>t & s\l1 because !y feel x is well to "k :at !y h x 9 !m to give to _! c\ntry4 ,we lab\r "u a difficulty 9 *oos+ books :i* has ex]cis$ all great ?9k]s f ,plato to ,erasmus1 f ,erasmus to ! anxi\s ,heads ( s*ools to-day4 ,i mean ! co>s5ess & grossness :i* crop up 9 scores ( books desirable o!rwise = _! s\nd le>n+ & judgm5t4 ,milton assures u ) /rong assev]ation t to ! pure all ?+s are pure2 b we are uneasy4 ,:5 pupils 9 ! high] =ms read ! ,areopagitica !y are safegu>d$ 9 "s measure because !y p]ceive t to see impurity is to be impure4 ,! y\ng] *ildr5 are help$ by ! k we (f] !m 9 ,ourselves1 & *a/ely taught *ildr5 le>n to wat* ov] _! ?\ghts #8because ( ! angels4' ,s f> z we c get !m we use expurgat$ editions2 9 o!r cases ! book is read al\d by ! tea*] ) necess>y omissions4 ,we are c>eful n to associate ! processes ( nature :e!r 9 ! plant or animal _w ) possible ?\ghts ( impurity 9 ! m9d ( a *ild4 ,"o po9t ,i %\ld l to t\* ^u 9 ?is connection4 ,! excessive c\nt5ance sometimes af=d$ to games by ! ,heads ( s*ools is n altoge!r = ! sake ( di/9ction 9 ! games4 8,i keep "u my body10 says ,/4 ,paul1 & games :i* exhau/ ! physical p[]s h z _! unspok5 raison d'tre ! desire to keep boys & girls dec5t4 ,no d\bt !y d s to "s ext5t ?\gh pa9ful occurr5ces come to light 9 ev5 ! be/ s*ools4 ,n[ a fact n g5]ally recognis$ is t (f5ces ( ! k9d :i* mo/ di/ress p>5ts & tea*]s are br$ 9 ! m9d & 9 an empty m9d at t4 ,t is :y p>5ts1 :o endeav\r to save _! sons f ! corruption ( ! ,public ,s*ool by hav+ !m taught at home1 are apt to miss _! m>k4 ,! abundant leisure af=d$ by home tea*+ (f]s t empty *amb] swept & g>ni%$ :i* invites s9s t c be committ$ 9 ?\ght & 9 solitude4 ,our s*ools err1 too1 9 n giv+ any?+ l en\gh "w ( ! k9d t f its absorb+ int]e/ compels reflection & t5ds to secure a m9d cont9ually & :olesomely occupi$4 ,supply a boy ) abundant m5tal pabulum1 n 9 ! way ( desultory read+1 7t is a sort ( idl5ess :i* leads to mis*ief71 b 9 ! way ( matt] to be def9itely kn[n1 give him mu* & s\nd food = 8 imag9ation1 speculation1 aspiration1 & y h a :olesome-m9d$ y\? to :om "w is a joy & games n a /ra9 b a heal?y relaxation & pleasure4 ,i make no apology = :at may appe> l a div]g5ce f ! subject ( citiz5%ip1 because all boys & girls %\ld "k t !y owe a s\nd m9d & a s\nd body z _! p]sonal contribution alike to _! city & _! ,/ate4 ,ourselves1 our ,s\ls & ,bodies 7by ! ,writ]7 is mu* us$ 9 ! ,p4,u4,s41 z ,i "k ( no o!r attempt to pres5t su* a gr\nd plan ( human nature z %\ld enable ! "y /ud5t to "k :]e he is 9 8 ef=ts to #8be good' z ! *ildr5 say4 ,! po9t ( view tak5 9 ?is volume is1 t all beautiful & noble possibilities are pres5t 9 e "o2 b t ea* p]son is subject to assaults & h9drances 9 v>i\s ways ( :i* he %\ld be aw>e 9 ord] t he may wat* & pray4 ,hortatory tea*+ is apt to bore bo? "y p & _! eld]s2 b an ord]$ pres5tation ( ! possibilities & p[]s t lie 9 human nature1 & ( ! risks t att5d ^!1 c h>dly fail to h an enlight5+ & /imulat+ effect4 ,b ! objects we h 9 view 9 tea*+ #8,ev]yday ,morals' & #8,citiz5%ip' _c be bett] illu/rat$ ?an by a few pap]s#cc writt5 by *ildr5 ( v>i\s ages1 deal+ ) self managem5t1 & exemplify+ ! virtues t help & s]ve city & c\ntry4 8,oh de>10 said a little girl com+ out ( a swimm+ ba?1 8,i'm j l ,julius ,cs>1 ,i don't c>e to d a ?+ at all if ,i'm n be/ at x40 ,s1 9 unlikely ways1 & f unlikely s\rces1 d *ildr5 ga!r t little code ( pr9ciples :i* %all guide _! lives4 ,,ii ,,! ,,k ,,( ,,man 7d7 ,,composition ,composition 9 ,=m ,i 7,a & ,b7 is almo/ entirely oral & is s mu* associat$ ) ,bible hi/ory1 ,engli% hi/ory1 geography1 natural hi/ory1 t x h>dly calls = a special place on ! programme1 :]e h[ev] x does appe> z #8,tales4' ,9 few ?+s d c]ta9 tea*]s lab\r 9 va9 m ?an 9 ! c>eful & me?odical way 9 :i* !y tea* composition to "y *ildr54 ,! drill t ^! und]go 9 =m+ s5t5ces is unnecess>y & /ultify+1 z mu* s p]haps z su* drill w\ld be 9 ! acts ( ma/ication & deglut9ation4 ,tea*]s err out ( _! exce$+ goodwill & g5]\s zeal4 ,!y feel t !y _c d too mu* = *ildr5 & attempt to d = !m ^? ?+s :i* !y are ri*ly end[$ to d = !mselves4 ,among ^! is ! art ( composition1 t art ( #8tell+' :i* culm9ates 9 a ,scott or a ,hom] & beg9s ) ! toddl+ p]sons ( two & ?ree :o talk a great deal to ea* o!r & are surely engag$ 9 #8tell+' ?\gh no gr[n-up1 n ev5 a "m1 c und]/&4 ,b *ildr5 ( six c tell to amaz+ purpose4 ,! gr[n-up :o writes ! tale to _! #8tell+' w cov] _m pages be=e gett+ to ! end ( 8,hans & ,gretel0 or 8,! ,little ,mat* ,girl0 or a ,bible /ory4 ,! facts are sure to be accurate & ! expression surpris+ly vigor\s1 /rik+ & unhesitat+4 ,probably few gr[n-ups c\ld #8tell' "o ( sop's ,fables ) ! t]se directness :i* *ildr5 reproduce4 ,nei!r are ! *ildr5's n>rations incoh]5t2 !y g on ) _! book1 week by week1 :atev] comes at a giv5 "t1--:e!r x be ,mrs4 ,gatty's ,p>ables f ,nature1 ,&]s5 or ,grimm or ,! ,pilgrim's ,progress1 f ! po9t :]e !y left (f1--& !re nev] is a "t :5 _! k is scrappy4 ,!y answ] su* que/ions z1--8,tell ab\t ! meet+ ( ,ulysses & ,telema*us10 or1 8ab\t ,jason & ,h]a40 8,tell h[ ,*ri/ian & ,hopeful met ) ,giant ,despair10 or1 8ab\t ! ,%9+ ,ones40 ,*ildr5 are 9 ,=m ,,ia f #g to #i & _! read+ is wid] & _! composition m copi\s4 ,!y w #8tell' 9 _! exam9ations ab\t ! ,fe$+ ( ! ,f\r ,?\s&1 ab\t ! ,build+ ( ! ,tab]nacle1 ,h[ ,d\bt+ ,ca/le 0 demoli%$1 ab\t ! burn+ ( ,old ,/4 ,paul's1 ,h[ we "k t ! _w is r\nd & a great deal besides2 = all _! "w l5ds itself to oral composition & ! p[] ( su* composition is innate 9 *ildr5 & is n ! result ( in/ruction4 ,two or ?ree po9ts are important4 ,*ildr5 9 ,,ib require a quantity ( matt] to be read to !m1 graduat$1 n accord+ to _! p[]s :i* are always pres5t1 b !y require a little "t to employ _! p[] ( fix$ att5tion & t o!r p[] :i* !y possess ( flu5t n>ration4 ,s probably "y *ildr5 %\ld be all[$ to n>rate p>agraph by p>agraph1 :ile *ildr5 ( sev5 or eight w #8tell' *apt] by *apt]4 ,corrections mu/ n be made dur+ ! act ( n>ration1 nor mu/ any int]ruption be all[$4 ,*ildr5 mu/ n be teas$ or in/ruct$ ab\t ! use ( /ops or capital lett]s4 ,^! ?+s too come by nature to ! *ild :o reads1 & ! tea*]'s in/ructions are apt to issue 9 ! use ( a pepp] box = commas4 ,we d n say t *ildr5 %\ld nev] read well-int5tion$ second-rate books1 b c]ta9ly !y %\ld n read ^! 9 s*ool h\rs by way ( lessons4 ,f _! e>lie/ days !y %\ld get ! habit ( read+ lit]ature :i* !y %\ld take hold ( = !mselves1 mu* or little1 9 _! own way4 ,z ! object ( e writ] is to expla9 himself 9 8 own book1 ! *ild & ! au?or mu/ be tru/$ toge!r1 )\t ! int]v5tion ( ! middle-man4 ,:at 8 au?or does n tell him he mu/ g )\t kn[+ = ! pres5t4 ,no explanation w really help him1 & explanations ( words & phrases spoil ! text & %\ld n be attempt$ unless *ildr5 ask1 ,:at does s & s mean8 :5 o!r *ildr5 9 ! class w probably tell4 ,=m ,,ii 7,a & ,b71 7ages #i to #ab74 ,*ildr5 9 ?is ,=m h a wid] range ( read+1 a m f]tile field ( ?\ght1 & m delightful subjects = composition4 ,!y write _! little essays !mselves1 & z = ! accuracy ( _! k & ju/ice ( _! expression1 :y1 #8/ill ! wond] gr[s4' ,!y w describe _! fav\rite sc5e f ,! ,tempe/ or ,wood/ock4 ,!y write or #8tell' /ories f "w set 9 ,plut>* or ,%akespe>e or tell ( ! ev5ts ( ! day4 ,!y n>rate f ,engli%1 ,fr5* & ,g5]al ,hi/ory1 f ! ,old & ! ,new ,te/am5t1 f ,/ories f ! ,hi/ory ( ,rome1 f ,bulf9*'s ,age ( ,fable1 f1 = example1 ,goldsmi?'s or ,wordswor?'s poems1 f ,! ,h]oes ( ,asg>d3 9 fact1 ,composition is n an adjunct b an integral "p ( _! education 9 e subject4 ,! ex]cise af=ds v great pleasure to *ildr51 p]haps we all l to tell :at we "k1 & 9 proportion z _! composition is entirely artless1 x is 9 ! same degree arti/ic & any *ild is apt to produce a /yle to be envi$ = its vig\r & grace4 ,b let me aga9 say !re mu/ be no attempt to tea* composition4 ,our failure z tea*]s is t we place too little dep5d5ce on ! intellectual p[] ( our s*ol>s1 & z !y are mode/ little s\ls :at ! tea*] k9dly volunte]s to d = !m1 !y feel t !y _c d = !mselves4 ,b give !m a fair field & no fav\r & !y w describe _! fav\rite sc5e f ! play !y h read1 & mu* besides4 ,=ms ,,iii & ,,iv4 ,9 ^! ,=ms z 9 ,i & ,,ii :at is call$ #8composition' is an inevitable consequ5ce ( a free yet exact use ( books & requires no special att5tion until ! pupil is old en\gh to take ( 8 own accord a critical int]e/ 9 ! use ( words4 ,! measur$ cad5ces ( v]se are z pleas+ to *ildr5 z to _! eld]s4 ,_m *ildr5 write v]se z readily z prose1 & ! concis5ess & p[] ( br++ _! subject matt] to a po9t :i* ?is =m ( composition requires af=ds valuable m5tal tra9+4 ,"o ?+ mu/ be borne 9 m9d4 ,ex]cises 9 scansion are z necess>y 9 ,engli% z 9 ,lat9 v]se4 ,rhy?m & acc5t on ! o!r h& take c>e ( !mselves 9 proportion z a *ild is accu/om$ to read poetry4 ,9 ,,iii & ,,iv z 9 ! e>li] ,=ms1 ! matt] ( _! read+ dur+ ! t]m1 topics ( ! day1 & ! pass+ ( ! ,seasons1 af=d innum]able subjects = %ort essays or %ort sets ( v]ses ( a m ab/ract nature 9 ,,iv ?an 9 ,,iii3 ! po9t to be consid]$ is t ! subject be "o on :i*1 to quote aga9 ,jane ,au/5's expression1 ! imag9ation ( ! *ildr5 has be5 #8w>m$1' ,!y %\ld be ask$ to write ^u subjects :i* h int]e/$ !m ke5ly4 ,!n :5 ! t]m9al exam9ation comes !y w respond to su* a "q z1--8,write twelve l9es 7:i* mu/ scan7 on #8,sir ,h5ry ,lee1' or #8,cordelia1' or ,p]icles1 or ,liv+/one10 or1 to take a "q f ! e>ly day's ( ! ,w>1 8,discuss ,"l ,d]by's ,s*eme4 ,h[ is x work+802 or1 7,,iv7 an essay on 8,! new army 9 ! mak+1 %ew+ :at "s ( ! difficulties h be5 & :at has be5 a*iev$40 ,=ms ,v & ,,vi4 ,9 ^! ,=ms "s def9ite tea*+ 9 ! art ( composition is advisable1 b n too mu*1 le/ ! "y s*ol>s be saddl$ ) a /ilt$ /yle :i* may encumb] !m = life4 ,p]haps ! me?od ( a ,univ]sity tutor is ! be/ t c be adopt$2 t is1 a po9t or two might be tak5 up 9 a giv5 composition & sugge/ions or corrections made ) little talk4 ,hav+ be5 br\ght up s f> ^u /yli/s ! pupils are almo/ c]ta9 to h =m$ a good /yle2 because !y h be5 ?r[n into ! society ( _m great m9ds1 !y w n make a s]vile copy ( any "o b w %ape an individual /yle out ( ! weal? ( mat]ial !y possess2 & because !y h matt] 9 abundance & ( ! be/ !y w n write m]e v]biage4 ,"h is an example ( a programme set = a t]m's "w 9 ^! two ,=ms1--8,a good prcis2 lett]s to ,! ,times on topics ( ! day2 subjects tak5 f ! t]m's "w 9 hi/ory & lit]ature2 or notes on a picture /udy2 dialogues betwe5 *>act]s occurr+ 9 y\r lit]ature & hi/ory /udies2 ballads on curr5t ev5ts2 7,,vi7 essays on ev5ts & que/ions ( ! day2 a patriotic play 9 v]se or prose40 ,"h are que/ions set = ano!r t]m1--8,write a pan1 rhym$ or 9 blank v]se1 on ! ,pr9ce ( ,wales's t\r 9 ! ,dom9ions40 8,an essay1 dat$ #aicj1 on ! imag9$ "w ( ! ,league ( ,nations40 ,=m ,v1 8,write a woeful ballad t\*+ ! condition ( ,irel&1 or1 a poem on ! ,k+'s g>d5 p>ty to ! ,v4,c4's40 8,an essay on ! pres5t condition ( ,engl&1 or1 on ,presid5t ,wilson40 ,! response ( ! "y /ud5ts to su* a s*eme ( /udy is v delightful4 ,:at !y write has lit]>y & sometimes poetic value1 & ! fact t !y c write well is ! lea/ ( ! ga9s acquir$4 ,!y c read1 appreciat+ e turn ( _! au?or's ?\ght2 & !y c br+ cultivat$ m9ds to be> on ! problems ( ! h\r & ! guid+ ( ! ,/ate2 t is to say1 _! education be>s at e po9t on ! issues & int]e/s ( e day life1 & !y %ew good progress 9 ! art ( becom+ ! magnanim\s citiz5s ( ! future4 ,"h are a few examples#cd ( ! compositions ( ! sev]al ,=ms4 7,f4 ,b4 ,,iia4 ,c\ncil ,s*ool47 ,,armi/ice ,,day ,soldi]s dy+1 soldi]s dead1 ,bullets :izz+ ov]head4 ,tommies /&+ *e]ily by4 ,wait+ = _! "t to die2 ,soon ! lull ( fir+ comes1 ,& naught is he>d b ! roll ( drums4 ,& n[ ! la/ %ell cra%es d[n1 ,a soldi] reels 9 pa9 ,too late ! glad news comes to him4 ,he nev] moves aga91 ,he is ! ,unkn[n ,w>rior1 ,a man )\t a "n4 ,two ye>s h pass$ & home he comes1 ,to ! he>ts t lov$ him well1 ,:o is ! ,unkn[n ,w>rior18 ,no lips ! tale c tell1 ,8 tomb is 9 ! ,abbey1 ,:]e ! s\ls ( ,h]oes dwell4 ,a nations sorr[ & a nations te>s1 ,h gone ) ! nameless man1 ,:o kn[s1 :o c tell1 ! ,w>riors "n1 ,we ?9k t no man c1 ,s let our sorr[ turn to joy ,on ! grave ( ! ,unkn[n man4 7,a4 ,b4 #ac4 ,,iii47 ,write "s l9es1 9 blank v]se1 t mu/ scan on "o ( ! foll[+3 7a71 ,scylla & ,*>ybdis2 7b71 ,! ,:ite ,lady ( ,av5el2 7c71 ,! ,pr9ce ( ,wales 9 ,india4 ,,! ,,:ite ,,lady ,,( ,,av5el ,! sun _h set & night 0 draw+ on1 ,! hills /ood black aga9/ ! twilight sky4 ,a fa9t "y cresc5t moon %one dimly =? ,ca/+ a pale & gho/ly radiance ,^u ! gr\p ( p9e trees on ! hill1 ,& silv]+ ! riv]s eddy+ swirl4 ,n[ all 0 sil5t1 n a s\nd di/urb$ ,! summ] night1 & n a brea? ( w9d ,/irr$ 9 ! p9es4 ,all nature slept 9 peace4 ,b :at 0 t1 /&+ up 9 ! %ade8 ,a woman1 /raight1 & slim1 all clad 9 :ite1 ,^u h] long s(t hair a mi/y cr[n1 ,& ev] & anon %e deeply sigh$1 ,lean+ aga9/ ! rugg$ m\nta9 rock1 ,l to a moon beam1 or a wisp ( smoke4 ,& on h] %imm]+1 moonlit1 robe %e wore ,a gold5 girdle1 9 ^: l9ks 0 wov5 ,! =tunes ( ! h\se ( ,av5el4 ,a cl\d pa/ o'er ! moon1 & ! slim gho/ ,fad$ & disape>$ into ! air4 ,a breeze sprang up among ! p9e trees tall2 ,& !n ! riv] murmur+ on its way ,:isp]$ a sad lam5t unto ! night4 7,k4 ,l4 #ac4 ,,iii47 ,write 9 ,ballad ,metre "s l9es on 8,armi/ice ,day0 or 8,e*o40 ,,armi/ice ,,day1 or ,,! ,,unkn[n ,,w>rior ,)9 ! anci5t ,abbey's sacr$ pyle1 ,:i* pr\dly gu>ds ! noble/ ( our dead4 ,:]e k+s & /atesm5 lie 9 e aisle1 ,& hon\r$ poets1 soldi]s1 prie/s are laid2 ,behold a /rang] comes4 ,f :5ce is he8 ,is he ( noble bir?2 ( rank or fame8 ,0 he z great z any :om we see ,ar\nd1 :o work$ to make !mselves a "n8 ,surely he is a pr9ce1 nay1 e'en a k+8 ,= see ! wait+ ?\s&s ga!r$ "h2 ,& he> ! /reets ( anci5t ,london r+ ,to ! sl[ tramp ( m5 :o gu>d 8 bi]6 ,&1 surely1 'tis ! ,k+ himself :o comes ,z *iefe/ m\rn] on ?is solemn day1 ,& ^! :o walk beh9d him are 8 sons-- ,all "h to m\rn ?is man4 ,:o is he8 ,say6 ,h[ long ! ranks ( m5 :o foll[ him ,to 8 la/ re/+-place--! ,h\se ( ,god4 ,our bi%ops1 soldi]s1 /atesm5 all are "h1 ,ga!r$ to lay him 9 8 native sod4 ,y ask 8,is he a pr9ce80 ,i answ] 8,no6 ,?\gh none c\ld be int]r$ ) great] /ate6 ,?is man w5t =? to gu>d u f a foe1 ,:i* ?reat5$ ?is our l&--,he did 8 "w60 ,he rais$ ! flag ( ,lib]ty on high ,& *all5g+ ! p[]s ( ,wrong & ,might ,he gave up all he _h )\t a sigh ,& di$ = ! good cause ( ,god & ,"r4 ,nor is a s5se ( hum\r want+1-- 7,m4 ,o4 #ac4 ,,iii47 ,write 9 ,ballad ,metre "s l9es on 8,e*o40 ,,e*o ,jupit] once w5t away f 8 wife ,to flirt ) "s nymphs 9 a wood ,b ,juno1 suspect+ t he 0 ) !m ,came aft] z fa/ z %e c\ld4 ,n[ ,e*o1 a nymph1 knew t ,juno 0 !re ,t ! nymphs !y w\ld soon be f\nd out1 ,& s %e kept ,juno away f ! wood ,= if !y _h gone %e did d\bt4 ,b ,juno knew all2 & h] ang] 0 great ,& ,e*o ?is dreadful ?+ he>d 8,s9ce y are s fond ( talk+1 f n[ ,y only %all h ! la/ ^w60 ,n[ ,e*o w5t f> f ! dwell+s ( m5 ,& sp5t h] sad life all alone ,& (t5 %e'd weep & ?9k ( ! pa/ ,& ov] h] fate make h] moan4 ,e*o lov$ a ,greek y\?1 b he c\ld n love h]4 ,& %e wat*$ him all day f h] b[] ,till %e p9$ away1 all b h] voice1 :i* lives /ill1 ,& ! y\? 0 turn$ into a fl[]4 7,r4 ,c4 #ae4 ,,iii4 ,elem5t>y1 ,conv5t ,s*ool47 ,write "s v]ses on 7a7 #8,d&ie ,d9mont1' or1 7b7 #8,atalanta1' or1 7c7 ,all5by4 ,atlanta 0 a huntress1 ,:o de>ly lov$ ! *ase4 ,%e out-ran ! de] 9 fleetness1 ,& possess$ a lovely face4 ,_m eag] suit]s s\ght h]1 ,b !y s\ght h] all 9 va91 ,= %e v[$ %e'd nev] m>ry ,& h] suit]s all 7 sla94 ,%e _h he$$ well ! w>n+1 ,f a wit* well skill$ 9 lore1 ,:o _h told h] if %e m>ri$1 ,happ9ess 0 h]s no m4 ,!n a y\? :om ,v5us fav\r$1 ,came "o day to run ! race1 ,& by ?r[+ gold5 apples1 ,he out-ran h] 9 ! *ase4 ,9 _! h\r ( joy & triumph ,v5us !y =get to ?ank1 ,& ! goddess sore (f5d$1 ,l[]$ !m to ! wild bea/'s rank4 7,j4 ,t4 ,,iii47 ,phaton 0 a wilful y\? :o always got 8 way4 ,he ask$ to drive 8 fa!r's *>ge ^u a c]ta9 day4 ,b ,phbus kn[+ well :at dang] lurk? 9 ! sky1 ,implor$ ( him to wi% aga9 & n t task to try4 ,b ,phaton det]m9$ 0 to be/ ?is dang]\s way1 ,& leap$ into ! *>iot to spite 8 fa!r's sway4 ,! horses />t$ =w>d at a da%+ headlong pace1 ,phaton tri$ to hold !m back & modify ! race4 ,) dreadful swiftness on he flew1 los+ 8 prop] road1 ,! e>? & sky began to smoke 9 an al>m+ mode4 ,at l5g? :5 all _h bur/ 9 flames1 ,jupit] cri$ al\d1 ,phaton :o _h lo/ 8 head 0 kill$ b5ea? a cl\d4 7,h4 ,e4 ,m4 #ae-h_/ab ,,iv47 ,write ?irty l9es ( blank v]se on 7a71 8,a ,spr+ ,morn+0 7foll[+ 8,a ,w9t] ,morn+ ,walk071 or1 7b71 ,pegasus1 or1 7c71 ,all5by4 ,a ,,spr+ ,,morn+4 ',tis ,spr+2 & n[ ! birds ) m]ry song ,s+ ) full-?roat$ voice to ! blue sky ,on :i* small cl\ds float1 s(t z a dove's w+4 ,aga9/ ! blue ! pale-gre5 leaflet gleams4 ,! d>k] gre5 ( eld]1 fur!r d[n1 ,sets (f ! brilliance ( ! haw?orn-h$ge4 ,close to ! gr\nd1 ! purple violet peeps ,f out its ne/ ( ov]hang+ leaves4 ,on yond] bank ! daffodils toss _! heads ,"u ! %ady li*5 trees s tall4 ,close by a *esnut1 bur/+ into leaf1 ,drops d[n x's /icky calyx on ! gr\nd2 ,an e>ly bumble-bee dives headlong 9 ,to a half-op5$ fl[] ( e>ly pe>4 ,o'erhead1 9 ! tall bee* trees1 busy rooks1 ,) great caw-caws & _m angry squawks ,build _! great clumsy ne/s ) bits ( twig ,& little /icks j laid ^u a b\gh4 ,& by ! long1 /raight1 pa? tall fir trees wave ,_! graceful heads 9 ! s(t :isp'r+ breeze ,& press$ aga9/ "o ruddy trunk1 an owl ,9 va9 tries to avoid ! light ( day1 ,b bl9ks 8 wise old eyes1 & %akes himself1 ,& ne/les close amid ! %elt]+ leaves4 ,n[ on ! rhub>b-b$ we see1 glad sight1 ,l>ge r$ buttons1 :i* promise fruit q soon ,& fur!r d[n ! lettuce %oots up pale ,next to a r[ ( p>sley1 gett+ old4 ,b see ! peas1 _! curly t5drils gre5 ,cl++ to _! /\t pea-/icks = support4 7,b4 ,b4 #ae4 ,,iv47 ,a ,,spr+ ,,morn+ ,s(t on ! br[n woods ,a pale light gleams1 ,& sl[ly spread+ seems ,to *ange ! br[n wood to a l& ( dreams1 ,:]e b5ea? ! trees ,! great god ,pan1 ,do? pipe1 half goat1 half man1 ,to satyrs danc+ 9 ! dawn+ wan4 ,& !n comes ,phbus1 ,! visions fade ,& d[n ! dewy glade ,! rabbits scuttle o'er ! r+s !y made4 ,9 ! fields ne>-by ,! cattle rise ,& :]e ! riv] lies ,a :ite mi/ rises to ! welcom+ skies4 ,:]e ! d[ns arise ,& blue sky cr[ns ,_! heads1 fa/ o'er ! m\nds ,! mi/ is driv'n to :]e ! ocean s\nds4 ,:ite w+s aga9/ blue sky1 ,gulls f ! cliffs rise1 ,wat*+1 ) eyes ,t see f %ore to :]e ! sky l9e lies1 ,:]e blue sea fades 9 blu] skies ,s(t1 do? ! tide creep ,o'er ! gold5 s&s ,) sea-we$ /r&s ,:i*1 mayhap1 knew ! dawn ( o!r l&s4 7,r4 ,b4 ,,iv47 ,write ?irty l9es ( blank v]se on 8,pegasus40 ,! sky 0 blue & fleck$ ) t9y cl\ds ,l %eep !y ran be=e ! driv+ w9d ,! sun 0 sett+ l a big r$ rose ,! cl\ds t flew by him l rose-buds 7 ,& z ,i gaz'd ,i saw a little cl\d ,:ite z ! fl[] t rises 9 ! spr+ ,come ne>]1 ne>]1 ne>] z ,i look$ ,& z x came x took a diff'r5t %ape ,x seem$ to turn into a fairy /e$4 ,:ite z ! foam t rides ! ro>+ waves ,/ill x flew on until x rea*$ ! e>? ,& gallop+ full lightly came to me ,& !n ,i saw x 0 a wondr\s ?+ ,x leapt ab\t ! grass & g5tly neigh$ ,i he>d its voice s\nd l a cry/al flute 8,oh come0 he said 8) me asc5d ! sky ,above ! trees1 above ! hills we'll so> ,until we rea* ! home ( all ! gods ,!re w we /ay & fea/ a:ile ) !m ,& dance ) ,juno & h] maid5s fair ,& he> de> ,orpheus & ! pipes ( ,pan ,& w&]1 w&]1 w&] up above0 8,oh fairy /e$1 oh angel /e$0 ,i said 8,horse fit = ,jupit] himself to ride ,:at is ?y "n ,i pray !e tell me ?is0 ,!n came ! magic voice ( him aga9 8,if ?\ wilt "k my "n !n come ) me40 ,yet tell me fir/ ,i hesitat+ said ,he told me & :5 ,i _h he>d ! "n ,i leapt ^u 8 back & flew ) him4 7,a4 ,b4 #af4 ,v47 ,"s v]ses1 9 ! metre ( ,pope's 8,essay on ,man10 on ! meet+ ( ! ,league ( ,nations4 ,f ea* pr\d k+dom & ea* petty /ate ,! /atesm5 meet toge!r to debate ,^u ! happy "t :5 w>s %all cease ,& joy %all reign1 & univ]sal peace4 ,no m %all day ) radi5ce cruelly bright ,gl>e d[n ^u ! c>nage ( ! fight4 ,no m %all night's d>k cloak be r5t aside ,by fla%+ %ells & se>*light's /eal?y glide ,no m %all we>y wat*]s wait at home ,) /ra9+ eyes = ^? t _c come ,! nations %all =get _! /rife & gre$ ,! /rong %all help ! weak 9 "t ( ne$ ,may !y succe$ 9 e peaceful plan ,if w> c cease z long z man is man4 7,e4 ,h4 #af-aa_/ab4 ,v47 ,ga!r up 9 blank v]se ! impressions y h receiv$ f y\r read+ ( ,t5nyson's poems4 ,take up a volume ( ! poet's works1 ,read on1 lay x aside1 & take ?y p51 ,endeav\r 9 a few1 poor1 wor?less l9es ,to give expression ( ?y s5tim5ts4444 ,surely ?is man lov$ all ! joys ( life1 ,saw beauty 9 ! smalle/ & ! lea/1 ,put pla9] ?+s t hi!rto 7 dim1 ,& lit a c&le 9 ! d>ke/ room4 ,8 ?\ghts1 n[ sad1 n[ gay1 may surely be ,! solace sweet = _m a we>y h\r1 ,8 words1 drunk deeply1 seem to live & burn ,cle>1 radiant1 gleam+ f ! pr9t$ page4 ,nature to him 0 de> & s has made ,h] wiles = o!r m5 a treasure va/4 ,old ,books1 8 ma/] m9d c\ld compreh5d ,are %[n to u z pictures to a *ild4 ,read on--& :5 ! volume's put away1 ,muse on ! le>n+s ?\ ha/ f\nd !re92 ,! "t ?us sp5t ?\ nev] w rep5t1 ,= love ( good ?+s all %\ld seek & f9d4 7,e4 ,p4 ,h4 #af-aa_/ab ,v47 ,a ,,lullaby ,,song ,! little waves are sigh+ on ! %ore1 ,& ! little breezes sobb+ 9 ! trees2 ,b ! little />s are %9+1 ,9 ! sky's blue velvet l9+1 ,& ,lady ,sleep is tapp+ at ! door4 ,! little gulls are fly+ home to %ore1 ,& ! little lights are fla%+ f ! %ips1 ,b close y\r eyes1 my sweet1 ,& be ready !n to greet ,de> ,lady ,sleep :o's tapp+ at ! door4 ,! w9d is ris+ all ar\nd ! %ore1 ,& ! fi%+ boats spe$ home be=e ! gale2 ,b h>k n to ! ra9 ,t is la%+ on ! pane1 ,= ,lady ,sleep has ent]$ by ! door4 ,! /orm has sunk ! %ips & swept ! %ore1 ,b !re's weep+ 9 ! t[n & on ! quay1 ,b1 sweet1 y're dream+ fa/ ,ev5 ?\gh ! dawn be pa/1 ,& ,lady ,sleep has gone1 & clos$ ! door4 7,m4 ,h4 #ag4 ,,vi47 ,write a lett] 9 ! mann] ( ,gray on any ,mod]n ,topic4 ,mr4 ,gray to ,mr4 ---- ,at ,torquay4 ,my de> ---- 8,savez v\s que je v\s hais1 que je v\s dete/e--voici des t]mes un peu =ts10 /ill1 ,i ?9k t !y are ju/ifi$1 imag9e leav+ a fri5d = two mon?s 9 ?is place )\t once tak+ up ! p5 ^u 8 behalf4 ,if ?is neglect be due only to y\r l[ spirits1 ,i w = once p>don y b only ^u condition t y %\ld come d[n "h to visit me & at ! same "t /r5g!n y\r con/itution4 ,i c promise y b little div]sion1 b ,i ?9k t ! sc5]y w repay ! j\rney--n to speak ( myself4 ,y w also be able to /udy _m 8v5]able vegetables0 :i* are n usually to be f\nd 9 ,engl&4 ,b1 ,i wa/e y\r "t & my pap] ) ^! 8btises0 & ,i "k well ^u :at subject y\r m9d is at pres5t dwell+--:i* ( u inde$ is n ?9k+ ( ,irel&4 ,i w\ld give mu* to he> y\r views ^u ! subject4 ,= my "p x seems to me t !re c be b "o true view1 & x surprises me mightily to he> s mu* discussion ^u ! subject4 ,are we n truly a peculi> nation :o pass bills ( ,home ,rule etc41 ) mu* discussion & debate1 :5 nei!r ( ! two p>ties conc]n$ w accept ! conditions t we (f] !m8 ,! "o consid]+ !y give too little fre$om1 & ! o!r too mu*4 ,accurs$ be ! man :o inv5t$ a bill :i* 0 & w be ! cause ( s mu* tr\ble 89 scula sculorum40 ,surely we ne$ n h any d\bt z to :at l9e ( action we %\ld adopt1 surely x has n be5 ! habit ( ,engl& to let h] subjects revolt )\t an attempt to quell !m1 surely ! gov]nm5t w n /& by & see its s]vants murd]$1 & ! "o loyal prov9ce oppress$4 ,b alas _m ?+s are possible ) su* a gov]nm5t4 ,"h x is said by p :o h be5 driv5 f t c\ntry by inc5di>ies t ! ,gov]nm5t w let ?+s take _! c\rse till ev]y?+ is 9 su* a condition t ! ,premi] w rise 9 ! h\se & say 8,y see h[ ?+s /&--x is no use try+ to control ,irel&1 let u leave x to ! ,se9n ,fe9]s1 & live happily ev] aft]w>ds1 free f su* unpr(itable c>es40 ,su* is ! talk1 b ,i believe x n4 ,we h z a nation always muddl$ ?+s b we h muddl$ ?r\gh triumphant 9 ! end4 ,x is s obvi\s t our int]e/s & ^? ( ,irel& co-incide1 t ev5 to contemplate sep>ation is to me incr$ible4 ,?us ,i rema9 y\r h>ass$ fri5d1 etc4 7,n4 ,s4 #ae-aj_/ab4 ,,vi47 ,ga!r up 9 blank v]se ! impressions y h receiv$ f y\r read+ ( ,t5nyson's poems4 ,,on ,,read+ ,,t5nyson',s ,,poems4 ,oh6 ,prophet ( an era yet to come1 ,:5 m5 %all s+ :]e m5 7 wont to speak ,9 words :i* ev5 ,engli%m5 knew n4 ,& :5 ,i read ?y songs1 at once ,i felt ,! brea? ( ,nature t 0 lurk+ !re4 ,& !n ,i knew t all ?y life ?\ dwelt ,amid ! *ang+ sc5es ( ,nature's play1 ,& knew ! v language ( ! birds1 ,& drank ! ess5ce ( ! honeysuckle4 ,& :5 ?\ wa/ b "y1 ,i knew ?y ?\ghts1 ,?y ,d\bts & /ruggles1 = ?\ gave !m me2 ,& yet1 _h ,i be5 !e1 my ?\ghts w\ld /ill ,h re/$ deep )9 my he>t2 b /ill ,t'w\ld be relief to p\r out all my woes ,9 ! sweet fl[ ( sympa!tic v]se4 ,?y epi!ts produce a vivid sc5e ,( knights 9 arm\r or ( maid5 fair1 ,& yet1 me?9ks1 ! fairness ( h] face ,do? sometimes cov] _m a fault bel[4 ,b to ?y g5ius & ?y "w = ev] ,be ow$ a debt ( ?ankfulness t we ,no long] tread ! pa?s ( level ,pope ,or read ^? words t are n ,engli%-born4 7,k4 ,b4 #af4 ,v47 ,,! ,,cl\ds ,among ! spirits ( ! ne>] air ,!re are ?ree *ildr5 ( ! sun & sea-- ,! ,g5ii ( ! cl\ds2 x is _! c>e ,to give ! ocean's b\nty to ! e>?3 ,(t !y reta9 x 9 a "t ( de>?1 ,b !y give all1 h[ev] mu* x be4 ,! y\nge/ ( ! ?ree is v fair2 ,%e is a maid5 beautiful & sweet1 ,( ev] v>y+ mood1 *angeful z air4 ,n[1 plung$ 9 m]rim5t1 %e takes delight ,9 all %e sees1 n[ te>s obscure h] sight2 ,a breeze-swept lake %[s n a *ange m fleet4 ,! fleecy cl\ds ( ,april own h] sway-- ,!y1 gold51 lie aga9/ ! gold5 sun1 ,or sport across ! blue :5 %e is gay2 ,b :51 anon1 h] girli% passions rise1 ,%e m>%alls !m across ! sunny skies ,to flood ! e>?1 !n /ops ere half begun4 ,h] eld] bro!r is ( diff]5t mi51 ,! cl\ds he gov]ns are ( diff]5t m\ld2 ,:5 ! e>? pants = moi/ure he is se5 ,to spread 8 cl\ds across ! filmy blue4 ,:5 8 ra9 falls1 x /eady is & true2 ,p]si/5t1 g5tle1 ceaseless1 yet n cold4 ,f ! grey b[l ) :i* he caps ! e>?1 ,x sweetly falls ) e>?-r5ew+ =ce4 ,n ,april's rapid *ange f grief to mir? ,excites its fall1 b calm1 det]m9$ ?\ght ,( middle age1 ( de$s f judgm5t wr\ght2 ,he recks n blame1 b /ill pursues 8 c\rse4 ,ag$1 yet ( awesome beauty is ! ?ird1 ,( fla%+ eye & sull51 scornful br[-- ,) an imp]i\s h& %e guides h] h]d ,( wild1 tempe/u\s mood2 quick r\s$ to ire ,is %e1 sl[ to =give1 ( v5geance dire2 ,be=e h] awful glance ! tree-tops b[4 ,& :5 enrag$1 %e /ret*es =? a h&-- ,a long1 ?9 h&--to ,nor?1 ,s\?1 ,ea/ & ,we/1 ,& draws f !nce cl\ds num'r\s z ! s&2 ,!y cr[d on ! horizon1 & blot out ,! sun's fair light2 !n1 l a giant's %\t1 ,! ?und] booms at h] dread spe>'s behe/4 7,a4 ,p4 ,v47 ,sket* a sc5e betwe5 a 8,mr4 ,woodh\se0 ( to-day & a neighb\r ( 84 ,,sc5e3--,mr4 ,woodh\se's private /udy4 ,p]sons pres5t3--,own] ( /udy1 & ,miss ,syms1 a v mod]n "y lady4 ,mr4 ,woodh\se4--8,oh1 good aft]noon ,miss ,syms1 ,i am *>m$ to see y4 ,de>1 de>1 h[ d>k x is4 ,"o might almo/ ?9k x 7 ev5+1 if ! clock opposite did n directly oppose ! fact40 ,miss ,s4--8,oh1 ,i don't "k1 x's n s bad out4 ,i'm awfully sorry to bl[ 9 l ?is1 b ,i came to enquire aft] ,miss ,woodh\se's cold4 ,is %e bett]80 ,mr4 ,w4--8,h[ v ?\ghtful ( y6 ,no1 ,i am afraid de> ,emma is v indispos$4 ,x is s try+ hav+ an invalid 9 ! h\se1 x makes me q mis]able :5 ,i ?9k ( my poor daught] hav+ to /ay all alone1 9 b$4 ,b really1 t is almo/ ! be/ place 9 ?is dreadful wea!r4 ,d y really mean to say t y h be5 tak+ a walk40 ,miss ,s4--8,yes1 :y on e>? %\ldn't ,i8 ,x's ab\t ! only way to get really w>m40 ,mr4 ,w4--8,if ! lib]ty might be all[$ me1 7dryly7 ,i %\ld say1 t x 0 ! "o way 9 :i* to get a fev]i% cold1 besides mak+ oneself ?or\ghly mis]able2 & ! gr\nd is s damp "u foot60 ,miss ,s4--8,oh1 x hasn't be5 ra9+ mu* lately4 ,i only got caught 9 a little %[]1 7visible />t f ,mr4 ,w474 7coyly17 ,excuse me1 b is t a box ( cig>ettes up !re on ! mantlepiece80 ,mr4 ,w4--8,cig>ettes8 ,oh1 no6 ,i c\ldn't ?9k ( keep+ !m ne> ! h\se4 ,i nev] smoke4 ,x irritates my ?roat1 :i* is naturally weak40 ,miss ,s4--8,b don't y\r visit]s ev] take ! lib]ty ( enjoy+ some?+ ( ! sort8 ,besides1 :at ab\t ,miss ,woodh\se80 ,mr4 ,w4--7horrifi$17 8,de> ,emma smoke a cig>ette66 ,:y1 ,i nev] he>d ( su* a ?+4 ,:at w\ld %e say if ,i told h]4 ,de> ,emma smoke1 no1 no1 c]ta9ly n40 ,miss ,s4--7,laugh+17 8,oh1 ,i am sure ,i'm v sorry4 ,i didn't mean to (f5d4 ,h[ d y ?9k ! old ,johnnies 9 ,irel& are behav+ !mselves80 ,mr4 ,w4--7coldly17 8,i beg y\r p>don40 ,miss ,s4--7sweetly17 8,i said1 h[ d y ?9k matt]s are look+1 9 ,irel&40 ,mr4 ,w4--8,i am sorry1 ,i ?9k ,i c\ld n h he>d aright be=e4--,matt]s 9 ,irel&1 yes1 oh ,i ?9k ! ,iri% rebels are positively awful4 ,to ?9k ( break+ into h\ses1 & turn+ ! poor inhabitants out into ! cold /reets1 7:]e !y probably ne>ly die ( cold71 x is too dreadful60 ,miss ,s4--8,oh1 ,i s'pose !y are r brutes sometimes4 ,b 9 a way ,i almo/ sympa?ise ) !m4 ,i w\ldn't l to h to knuckle "u to ! ,engli% 7cat*+ sight ( ,mr4 ,w4's expression ( horror & pa9$ surprise17 ,i really ?9k ,i'd bett] get a move on4 ,please don't look at me l t6 ,i really don't mean half ,i say4 ,*e]io660 ,mr4 ,w4--8,good aft]noon ,miss ,syms1 x 0 s k9d ( y to come4 7aside7 ,oh1 h[ unfeel+ ( de> ,emma to h a cold1 if x means visit]s l ?is e h\r4 7al\d17 ,good aft]noon1 c y f9d y\r way out4 ,i really %all cat* cold if ,i move out ( ?is room660 7,e4 ,g4 #ag4 ,v47 ,write "s l9es on 8,spr+0 9 ! metre ( 8,allegro40 ,,spr+ ,begone6 = a %ort space ,ye :i/l+ w9ds1 & fogs1 & sn[y cl\ds1 ,& fro/s t ) fair lace ,ea* w9d[-pane 9 da9ty patt]n %r\ds1 ,(fspr+s ( ,w9t]1 ye6 ,begone6 f9d out "s icy arctic l&4 ,^u t *e]less /r& ',mong/ pi]c+ ice1 & *ill+ glaci]s dwell ,su* regions suit ye well1 ,g1 cold ,w9t]1 well are we rid ( !e6 ,come ,spr+1 ?\ faire/ season come6 ,) ! bee's en*ant+ hum1 ,& ! da9ty blossoms sw++ ,on ! tree1 :ile birds are s++1 ,see h[ !y clo! ! bran*es gray ,9 dress ( fre%e/ p9k1 all day1 ,!n :5 ! dewy ev5+ falls ,!y close _! fl[]s till ,morn+ calls4 ,sweet ,morn6 ,spr+ leads !e by ! h& ,& bids !e %9e o'er all ! l&2 ,?\ s5d'/ =? beams ( pure/ gold1 ,to bid ! daffodils unfold1 ,:ile ,spr+ b5ds d[n ) h] fre% lips ,to kiss ! daisie's petal tips4 ,& z %e walks o'er ! gre5 sw>d ,a *e]ful mavis1 p]fect b>d ,breaks into song2 8 ?rill+ notes ,are e*o$ f a hundr$ ?roats ,( eag] birds1 :o love to s+ ,to _! sweet mi/ress1 faire/ ,spr+4 ,!n z %e sits on mossy ?rone ,a sc>let lady-bird1 alone1 ,bids h] good welcome2 & above ,is he>d ! coo+ ( ! dove4 ,two butt]flies 9 russet clad ,fly r\nd h] head ) flutt'r+s glad2 ,:ile at h] side a giddy fly ,buzzes 8 joy t %e is nigh1 ,oh6 ,spr+ my he>t's desire %all be ,t ?\ wilt ev] dwell ) me6 ,,ii ,,! ,,k ,,( ,,man 7e7 ,,languages ,engli% is r a logical /udy deal+ ) s5t5ces & ! positions t words occupy 9 !m ?an ) words & :at !y are 9 _! own "r4 ,!re=e x is bett] t a *ild %\ld beg9 ) a s5t5ce & n ) ! p>ts ( spee*1 t is1 he %\ld le>n a little ( :at is call$ analysis be=e he le>ns to p>se4 ,x requires "s ef=t ( ab/raction = a *ild to p]ceive t :5 we speak1 we speak ab\t some?+ & say some?+ ab\t x2 & he has le>n$ ne>ly all ! gramm> t is necess>y :5 he kn[s t :5 we speak we use s5t5ces & t a s5t5ce makes s5se2 t we c put words toge!r s z to make utt] nons5se1 z1--8,tom imm$iately c&le/ick upro>i\s nev]!less0--a /r+ ( words mak+ p]fect nons5se & !re=e n a s5t5ce4 ,if we use words 9 su* a way z to make s5se we get a s5t5ce2 8,john goes to s*ool0 is a s5t5ce4 ,e s5t5ce has two p>ts1 7#a71 ! ?+ we speak (1 & 7#b71 :at we say ab\t x4 ,we speak ( ,john1 we say ab\t him t he goes to s*ool4 ,at ?is /age ! *ildr5 require _m ex]cises 9 f9d+ out ! fir/ & second p>ts ( simple s5t5ces4 ,:5 !y are q famili> ) ! fact t ! fir/ "p ( a s5t5ce is :at we speak ab\t1 !y may get a "n = x1 subject1 :i* w be made simpl] to !m if !y "k ! ^w subject means t :i* we talk ab\t4 ,= in/ance1 we may say1 ! subject ( conv]sation 0 p>sley1 :i* is ano!r way ( say+ ! ?+ we 7 speak+ ab\t 0 p>sley4 ,to sum up su* a lesson1 ! class %\ld le>n1--,words put toge!r s z to make s5se =m a s5t5ce4 ,a s5t5ce has two p>ts1 t :i* we speak ( & :at we say ab\t x4 ,t :i* we speak ( is ! subject4 ,*ildr5 w probably be sl[ to receive ?is fir/ lesson 9 ab/ract k1 & we mu/ rememb] t k 9 ?is sort is difficult & uncong5ial4 ,_! m9ds deal ) ! concrete & !y h ! s+ul> faculty ( be+ able to make concrete images out ( ! m]e/ gossam] ( a fairy tale4 ,a sev5 ye> old *ild s+s1-- 8,i _c see fairies1 ,i dream !m4 ,!re is no fairy t c hide f me2 ,i keep on dream+ till ,i f9d him4 ,!re y are1 ,primrose6 ,i see y1 ,blackw+60 ,b a *ild _c dream p>ts ( spee*1 & any gr[n-up twaddle attempt+ to p]sonify su* ab/ractions (f5ds a small p]son :o ) all 8 love ( play & nons5se has a s]i\s m9d4 ,mo/ *ildr5 c be got to take 9 ! notion ( a s5t5ce z1 words mak+ s5se1 especially if !y are all[$ a few excursions into non-s5se1 ! gibb]i% ( /r+s ( words :i* d n make s5se4 ,aga91 by d9t ( _m int]e/+ ex]cises 9 :i* !y nev] lose sight ( ! subject1 !y get hold ( t idea also4 ,"o m initial idea is necess>y if *ildr5 are n to w&] bl9dfold ?r\gh ! mazes ( gramm> #8z %e is' n #8spoke1' b writ 9 books4 ,!y mu/ be famili> ) v]bs & p]haps ! simple/ way to approa* ?is idea is to cause !m to make s5t5ces ) two words1 ! ?+ !y speak ( & :at !y say ab\t x1--,m>y s+s1 ,auntie knits1 ,h5ry runs4 ,9 ea* ( ^! examples1 ! *ild w see ! ?+ we speak ( & :at we say ab\t x4 ,b ^! are matt]s famili> to all tea*]s & we h no?+ new 9 ! tea*+ ( gramm> to sugge/2 b we probably ga9 9 ! fact t our s*ol>s pay full att5tion to gramm>1 z to all o!r lessons4 ,we look =w>d hopefully to ! result ( ef=ts s to unify gramm> t x w no long] p]plex ! /ud5t1 z ,engli%1 ,lat91 ,fr5* gramm>1 ea* ) its own nom5clature4 ,*ildr5 9 ,=m ,,iib h easy ,fr5* ,lessons ) pictures :i* !y describe1 b 9 ,,iia :ile /ill engag$ on ! ,prim>y ,fr5* ,c\rse *ildr5 beg9 to use ! me?od :i* is z full ( promise 9 ! tea*+ ( languages z 9 ,engli%1 t is1 !y are expect$ to n>rate ! s5t5ce or p>agraph :i* has be5 read to !m4 ,"y *ildr5 f9d little difficulty 9 us+ ,fr5* vocables1 b at ?is /age ! tea*] %\ld ) ! *ildr5's help translate ! little passage :i* is to be n>rat$1 !n re-read x 9 ,fr5* & require ! *ildr5 to n>rate x4 ,?is !y d aft] a "t surpris+ly well1 & ! act ( n>rat+ gives !m "s comm& ( ,fr5* phrases z f> z !y g1 mu* m s ?an if !y le>nt ! little passage (f by he>t4 ,!y le>n ,fr5* songs 9 bo? divisions & act ,fr5* ,fables 7by ,violet ,p>t+ton7 9 ,=m ,,iia4 ,?is me?od ( closely att5tive read+ ( ! text foll[$ by n>ration is cont9u$ 9 ea* ( ! ,=ms4 ,?us ,=m ,,ii is requir$ to 8,describe 9 ,fr5*1 picture #bj40 8,n>rate ! /ory ,esope et le ,voyageur40 ,"p ( ! t]m's "w 9 ,=m ,,iii is to 8,read & n>rate ,n\veaux ,contes ,franais1 by ,m>c ,ceppi40 ,=m ,,iv is requir$ among/ o!r ?+s to 8,read & n>rate ,molire's ,les ,femmes ,savantes40 ,=ms ,v & ,,vi are requir$ to 8,write a rsum ( ,le ,misan?rope or ,l',av>e10 8,translate into ,fr5*1 ,mod]n ,v]se1 page #ej1 #8,leisure4'0 ,we h n space to foll[ 9 detail ! "w ( ! ,p4,u4,s4 9 ,fr5*1 :i* ( c\rse includes ! usual att5tion to ,fr5* ,gramm> b x may int]e/ ! read] to see ! sort ( ?+ t /ud5ts ( ! ,h\se ( ,education are able to accompli% 9 ! way ( n>ration4 ,! ,fr5* mi/ress gives1 let u suppose1 a lecture 9 hi/ory or lit]ature la/+1 say1 = half an h\r4 ,at ! end ! /ud5ts w n>rate ! sub/ance ( ! lecture ) few omissions & few errors4 ,"h is an example ( ! sort ( ?+ ,mr4 ,h\sehold he>d1 on ! occasion ( a %ort visit to ! ,h\se ( ,education1 ,ambleside1-- 8,a ,fr5* lesson 0 giv5 to ! second-ye> /ud5ts by ! ,fr5* mi/ress1 a native ( ,t\rnai1 :o came to ,ambleside 9 #aiae4 ,%e _h be5 tea*+ 9 ,engl& = "s ye>s1 b _h n previ\sly come into contact ) ,miss ,mason's me?ods4 ,^? me?ods 7 exactly foll[$ dur+ ! lesson4 ,!re 0 ! book ( recognis$ lit]>y m]it1 ! s+le read+1 & ! imm$iate n>ration--( c\rse 9 ,fr5*4 ,! book 0 ,alphonse ,daudet's ,lettres de ,mon ,m\l91 & ! /ory read 0 #8,la ,*vre de ,m4 ,segu94' ,be=e ! read+ began1 a few--a v few--words ( explanation 7 giv5--( c\rse1 9 ,fr5*4 ,!n n9e pages ( ! /ory 7 read /raight ?r\gh by ! mi/ress1 )\t pause or int]ruption ( any k9d1 at ! same pace t "o w\ld read an ,engli% /ory4 ,! /ud5ts foll[$ by e> only3 !y _h no books4 ,z soon z ! read+ end$1 on ! in/ant1 )\t hesitation ( any k9d1 n>ration began 9 ,fr5*1 diff]5t memb]s ( ! class tak+ up ! /ory 9 turn till x 0 f9i%$4 ,all 7 good2 "s a/oni%+ly good4 ,to all ,fr5* 0 a tongue 9 :i* !y c\ld ?9k & speak ) consid]able facility4 ,yet ! "t giv5 to ,fr5* is two h\rs & ?ree-qu>t]s a week only4 ,su* results compel att5tion4 ,x may be add$ t la/ ye> ! writ] he>d a hi/ory lecture on ! reign ( ,l\is ,,xi giv5 9 ,fr5* by ! same mi/ress to ! !n s5ior /ud5ts1 & ! cont5t ( ! lecture 0 n>rat$ 9 a simil> mann]1 ) ! same a/oni%+ success40 ,?is hi!rto unus$ p[] ( conc5trat$ att5tion 9 ! /udy ( languages :e!r anci5t or mod]n appe>s to hold promise ( mak+ u at la/ a nation ( l+ui/s4 ,we h atta9$ v good results 9 ,italian & ,g]man by ?is same me?od1 bo? 9 ! ,h\se ( ,education & ! ,practis+ ,s*ool belong+ to x1 & we are 9 a fair way to produce noticeable results 9 ,lat94 ,! ,classical mi/ress writes1-- 8,lat9 is taught at ! ,h\se ( ,education by means ( n>ration aft] ea* section has be5 ?or\ghly /udi$ 9 gramm>1 syntax & /yle4 ,! lit]ature /udi$ increases 9 difficulty z ! pupil advances 9 gramm>1 etc4 ,no?+ b good ,lat9 is ev] n>rat$1 s ! pupil acquires /yle z well z /ructure4 ,! sub/ance ( ! passage is usually reproduc$ ) ! phraseology & /yle ( ! orig9al & bo? /ud5ts & *ildr5 le>n :at is really ,lat9 & realise t x is a language & n a m]e gramm>40 ,"h we get ,gramm>1 t is1 con/ruction1 le>n$ z we le>n x 9 ,engli%1 at ! lips ( ^? :o "k1 & ! extraord9>y read9ess 9 acquir+ new words %ewn by ! s*ol>s promises ,engli% folk ! copi\s vocabul>y 9 "o or ano!r =eign language1 ! lack ( :i* is a national di/ress4 ,,ii ,,! ,,k ,,( ,,man 7f7 ,,art ,!re are few subjects reg>d$ ) m respect & less confid5ce 9 our s*ools ?an ?is ( #8,art4' ,( c\rse1 we say1 *ildr5 %\ld h _! arti/ic p[]s cultivat$1 especially ^? :o h su* p[]s1 b h[ is ! "q4 ,! neat solution (f]$ by ,s\? ,k5s+ton 9 ! sixties1--freeh& draw+1 p]spective1 draw+ f ! r\nd1 has long be5 reject$2 b no?+ def9ite has tak5 its place & we /ill see models ( cones1 cubes & s on1 dispos$ s t ! eye may take !m 9 freely & t ! h& may p]haps produce :at ! eye has se54 ,b we beg9 n[ to und]/& t art is n to be approa*$ by su* a macadamis$ road4 ,x is ( ! _s1 & 9 ways ( ! _s mu/ we make our attempt4 ,we recognise t ! p[] ( appreciat+ art & ( produc+ to "s ext5t an int]pretation ( :at "o sees is z univ]sal z intellig5ce1 imag9ation1 nay1 spee*1 ! p[] ( produc+ words4 ,b !re mu/ be k &1 9 ! fir/ place1 n ! te*nical k ( h[ to produce1 b "s rev]5t k ( :at has be5 produc$2 t is1 *ildr5 %\ld le>n pictures1 l9e by l9e1 gr\p by gr\p1 by read+1 n books1 b pictures !mselves4 ,a fri5dly picture-deal] supplies u ) half a doz5 beautiful little reproductions ( ! "w ( "s s+le arti/1 t]m by t]m4 ,aft] a %ort /ory ( ! arti/'s life & a few sympa!tic words ab\t 8 trees or 8 skies1 8 riv]-pa?s or 8 figures1 ! little pictures are /udi$ "o at a "t2 t is1 *ildr5 le>n1 n m]ely to see a picture b to look at x1 tak+ 9 e detail4 ,!n ! picture is turn$ ov] & ! *ildr5 tell :at !y h se51--a dog driv+ a flock ( %eep along a road b nobody ) ! dog4 ,ah1 !re is a boy ly+ d[n by ! /ream dr9k+4 ,x is morn+ z y c see by ! light s ! %eep are be+ driv5 to pa/ure1 & s on2 no?+ is left out1 ! disc>d$ pl\gh1 ! crook$ bir*1 ! cl\ds beautiful 9 =m & ?reat5+ ra91 !re is en\gh = half an h\r's talk & memory 9 ?is little reproduction ( a great picture & ! *ildr5 w "k x :]ev] !y see x1 :e!r a sign$ pro(1 a copy 9 oils1 or ! orig9al itself 9 "o ( our gall]ies4 ,we he> ( a small boy ) 8 p>5ts 9 ! ,national ,gall]y2 ! boy1 :o _h w&]$ (f on 8 own acc\nt1 came runn+ back ) ! news1--8,oh1 ,mummy1 !re's "o ( our ,con/ables on t wall40 ,9 ?is way *ildr5 become acqua9t$ ) a hundr$1 or hundr$s1 ( great arti/s dur+ _! s*ool-life & x is an intimacy :i* nev] =sakes !m4 ,a gr\p ( *ildr5 are go+ up to ,london = a treat4 8,:]e w\ld y l to g80 8,oh1 ,mummy1 to ! ,national ,gall]y to see ! ,rembr&ts40 ,"y p g to tea 9 a room /range to !m & are delight$ to recognise two or ?ree reproductions ( ,de ,hoo*'s pictures4 ,9 ! c\rse ( s*ool-life *ildr5 get an ,op5 ,sesame to _m art gall]ies1 & to _m a cultivat$ home2 & life itself is illu/rat$ = !m at _m po9ts4 ,= x is true z ,br[n+ told u1-- 8,=1 don't y m>k1 we're made s t we love ,fir/ :5 we see !m pa9t$1 ?+s we h pass$ ,p]haps a hundr$ times nor c>$ to see40 ,"h is an example ( h[ beautiful & famili> ?+s give q new delight :5 !y are pictur$4 ,a lady writes1-- 8,i 0 invit$ to a small village to talk ab\t ! ,p4,u4 ,s*ool4 ,twelve really int]e/$ wom5 came 9 spite ( heavy ra94444 ,i sugge/$ introduc+ !m to "s ( ! fri5ds _! *ildr5 _h made & we _h a delightful picture talk ) ,jean ,b4 ,corot1 delightful to me because ( ! way "o woman especially n>rat$4 ,%e did x z if %e _h be5 set free = ! fir/ "t = mon?s4 ,x 0 ! #8,ev5+' picture ) a canal on ! "r & t spl5did mass ( quiet trees 9 ! c5tre4 ,! o!rs gave bits ( ! picture b %e gave ! :ole ?+4 ,x 0 a gre5 pa/ure to h]40 ,! notewor?y ?+ is t ^! wom5 7 famili> ) all su* details z ,corot (f]s 9 _! own beautiful neighb\rhood1 b ,br[n+ is "r2 we le>n to see ?+s :5 we see !m pa9t$4 ,x w be notic$ t ! "w#ce done on ^! pictures is done by ! *ildr5 !mselves4 ,!re is no talk ab\t s*ools ( pa9t+1 little ab\t /yle2 consid]ation ( ^! matt]s comes 9 lat] life1 b ! fir/ & mo/ important ?+ is to "k ! pictures !mselves4 ,z 9 a wor?y book we leave ! au?or to tell 8 own tale1 s d we tru/ a picture to tell its tale ?r\gh ! m$ium ! arti/ gave x4 ,9 ! region ( art z else:]e we %ut out ! middleman4 ,=ms ,v & ,,vi are ask$ to1--8,describe1 ) /udy 9 sepia1 ,corot's #8,ev5+4'0 ,beyond ?is ( a r\gh /udy f memory ( a giv5 picture or ( any section ( x1 ^! picture /udies d n af=d mu* mat]ial = actual draw+2 !y are nev] copi$ le/ an attempt to copy %\ld less5 a *ild's rev]5ce = great "w4 ,we are %y 9 speak+ ( :at we d 9 actual draw+ s9ce ,h]r ,cizek came among u & %ew$ :at great ?+s *ildr5 c\ld d ) sc>cely any obvi\s tea*+ & b little sugge/ion4 ,b probably su* "w is only to be done "u ! inspiration ( an arti/ ( unusual p[]s & ,i am writ+ = tea*]s :o dep5d ^u _! *ildr5 r ?an ^u !mselves4 ,!y illu/rate fav\rite sc5es & passages 9 ! books read dur+ ! t]m & ! _s ) :i* ! illu/rations are drawn & ! fitt+ details introduc$ make ! tea*] aw>e ( h[ mu* m ! *ildr5 h se5 9 ! passage ?an he has himself4 ,_! c\rage 9 grappl+ ) po9ts ( te*nique is v in/ructive4 ,!y tackle a cr[d ) wond]ful +5uity1 a cr[d li/5+ to ,m>k ,antony's oration1 *e]+ ! ,pr9ce ( ,wales 9 ,india1 9 fact :]ev] a cr[d is want$ x is sugge/$ pretty mu* z an arti/ w\ld give x by a %[ ( heads4 ,l ^? ,vi5nese *ildr5 !y use all _! pap]1 :e!r = a l&scape or ! details 9 a room4 ,!y give y horses leap+ brooks1 dogs runn+ aft] cats1 %eep on ! road1 always ) a s5se ( motion4 ,x is evid5t t *ildr5 /udy ! figures !y see ) due att5tion & w give y a g>d5] %>p5+ 8 scy!1 _! "m sew+1 a man r[+1 or driv+1 or m[+4 ,_! *airs /& on f\r legs & _! figures on two feet 9 a surpris+ way1 & !y are always on ! wat* to correct _! errors by :at !y see4 ,!y h a delightful & c\rage\s s5se ( col\r1 & any *ild w conv9ce y t he has x 9 him to be an arti/4 ,_! field /udies give !m great scope4 ,! fir/ butt]cup 9 a *ild's nature note book is %ock+ly crude1 ! sort ( ?+ to sc&alise a tea*] ( bru%-draw+1 b by & by ano!r butt]cup w appe> ) ! delicate poise1 uplift & radiance ( ! gr[+ fl[]4 ,draw+ is g5]ally s well taught n[ t we ne$ d no m ?an emphasize "o or two special po9ts 9 our "w1 su* z ! def9ite /udy ( pictures & ! illu/rations ( ,nature ,note ,books4 ,we d :at is possible to introduce *ildr5 to ,ar*itecture2 & we practise clay-modell+ & ! v>i\s arti/ic h&icrafts1 b !re is no?+ unusual 9 our "w 9 ^! directions4#cf ,) ,musical ,appreciation ! case is diff]5t2 & we _c d bett] ?an quote f an address made by ,mrs4 ,h[>d ,glov] at ! ,ambleside ,conf]5ce ( ! ,p>5ts' ,union1 #aibb3-- 8,musical ,appreciation--:i* is s mu* be=e ! eye at ! pres5t mom5t--orig9at$ 9 ! ,p4,n4,e4,u4 ab\t tw5ty-five ye>s ago4 ,at t "t ,i 0 play+ to my little *ild mu* ( ! be/ music 9 :i* ,i 0 int]e/$1 & ,miss ,mason happ5$ to he> ( :at ,i 0 do+4 ,%e realis$ t music might give great joy & int]e/ to ! life ( all1 & %e felt t j z *ildr5 9 ! ,p4,u4,s4 7 giv5 ! greate/ lit]ature & art1 s !y %\ld h ! greate/ music z well4 ,%e ask$ me to write an article 9 ! ,review on ! result ( my obs]vations1 & to make a programme ( music ea* t]m :i* might be play$ to ! *ildr54 ,f t day to ?is1 at ! beg9n+ ( e t]m a programme has appe>$2 ?us began a movem5t :i* 0 to spread f> & wide4 8,musical ,appreciation1 ( c\rse1 has no?+ to d ) play+ ! piano4 ,x us$ to be ?\ght t #8le>n+ music' mu/ mean ?is1 & x 0 suppos$ t *ildr5 :o _h no tal5t = play+ 7 unmusical & w\ld n l conc]ts4 ,b ,musical ,appreciation _h no m to d ) play+ an in/rum5t ?an act+ _h to d ) an appreciation ( ,%akespe>e1 or pa9t+ ) enjoym5t ( pictures4 ,i ?9k t all *ildr5 %\ld take ,musical ,appreciation & n only ! musical ones1 = x has be5 prov$ t only ?ree p] c5t4 ( *ildr5 are :at is call$ #8tone-deaf'2 & if !y are tak5 at an e>ly age x is a/oni%+ h[ *ildr5 :o appe> to be )\t e>1 develop x & are able to enjoy li/5+ to music ) und]/&+40 ,,section ,,iii ,,! ,,k ,,( ,,! ,,univ]se 7a7 ,,sci5ce#cg ,huxley's axiom t sci5ce tea*+ 9 ! s*ools %\ld be ( ! nature ( #8common in=mation' is ( use 9 def9+ our limitations 9 reg>d to ! tea*+ ( sci5ce4 ,we f9d ano!r limitation 9 ! fact t *ildr5's m9ds are n 9 ne$ ( ! m5tal gymna/ics t su* tea*+ is suppos$ to af=d4 ,!y are entirely al]t & eag] to "k4 ,books deal+ ) sci5ce z ) hi/ory1 say1 %\ld be ( a lit]>y "*1 & we %\ld probably be m sci5tific z a p if we scrapp$ all ! text-books :i* swell publi%]s' li/s & ne>ly all ! *alk exp5d$ s freely on our blackbo>ds4 ,! ,fr5* m9d has appreciat$ ! fact t ! approa* to sci5ce z to o!r subjects %\ld be m or less lit]>y1 t ! pr9ciples :i* und]lie sci5ce are at ! same "t s simple1 s pr(\nd & s f>-rea*+ t ! due sett+ =? ( ^! provokes :at is almo/ an emotional response2 ^! pr9ciples are !re=e meet subjects = lit]>y treatm5t1 :ile ! details ( _! application are s te*nical & s m9ute z1--except by way ( illu/ration1--to be unnecess>y = s*ool "w or = g5]al k4 ,we h n a copi\s sci5tific lit]ature 9 ,engli% b we h q en\gh to g on ) 9 our s*ools4 ,we f9d an ,am]ican publication call$ ,! ,sci5ces 7^: au?or w\ld seem to be an able man ( lit]>y p[]7 ( v great value 9 l9k+ univ]sal pr9ciples ) common incid5ts ( e day life 9 su* a way t int]e/ nev] palls & any *ild may le>n on :at pr9ciples an electric bell works1 :at s\nd means1 h[ a /eam eng9e works1 & _m o!r matt]s1 expla9$ "h ) great lucidity4 ,capital diagrams & descriptions make exp]im5ts easy & *ildr5 arrive at _! fir/ notions ( sci5ce )\t ! v]biage t d>k5s c\nsel4 ,=m ,,iia read ,life & ,h] ,*ildr5 by ,arabella ,buckley & get a surpris+ k ( ! e>li] & l[] =ms ( life4 ,,iib take pleasure 9 ,k+sley's ,madam ,h[ & ,lady ,:y4 ,!y are expect$ to d a great deal ( out-(-door "w 9 :i* !y are assi/$ by ,! ,*ang+ ,ye>1 admirable mon? by mon? /udies ( :at is to be se5 out-(-doors4 ,!y keep records & draw+s 9 a ,nature ,note ,book & make special /udies ( _! own = ! p>ticul> season ) draw+s & notes4 ,! /udies ( ,=m ,,iii = "o t]m enable *ildr5 to--8,make a r\gh sket* ( a section ( dit* or h$ge or sea-%ore & put 9 ! names ( ! plants y w\ld expect to f9d40 8,write notes ) draw+s ( ! special /udy y h made ?is t]m40 8,:at d y und]/& by calyx1 corolla1 /am51 pi/il8 ,9 :at ways are fl[]s f]tilis$80 8,h[ w\ld y f9d ! ,pole ,/>8 ,m5tion six o!r />s & say 9 :at con/ellations !y occur40 8,h[ w\ld y di/+ui% betwe5 ,e>ly1 ,decorat$ & ,p]p5dicul> ,go?ic8 ,give draw+s40 ,que/ions l ^!1 x w be se51 cov] a good deal ( field "w1 & ! /udy ( "s half doz5 c>efully select$ books on natural hi/ory1 botany1 ar*itecture & a/ronomy1 ! pr9ciple be+ t *ildr5 %all obs]ve & *ronicle1 b %all n dep5d ^u _! own unassi/$ obs]vation4 ,! /udy ( natural hi/ory & botany ) bird li/s & plant li/s cont9ues ?r\gh\t s*ool life1 :ile o!r bran*es ( sci5ce are tak5 t]m by t]m4 ,! que/ions = ,=m ,,iv = "o t]m illu/rate ! v>i\s /udies ( ! s*ol>s 9 natural hi/ory1 g5]al sci5ce1 hygi5e & physiology2 9 fact1 _! /udies are s v>i\s t x is difficult to give ea* a sep>ate title 9 ! programme3-- ,,geography4 #a4 ,write a %ort sket* ( ,c5tral ,asia1 ) map4 #b4 ,comp>e ,pale/9e ) ! ,york%ire moors4 ,describe ! valley ( ! ,jordan4 #c4 8,!re is b "o ,nelson40 ,illu/rate by half-a-doz5 in/ances4 #d4 ,:at is said 9 ,e!n ( ! ,*ur* ( ! ,holy ,sepul*re8 ,,natural ,,hi/ory4 #a4 ,:at d y "k ( 7a71 ! manatee1 7b71 ! :alebone :ale 7sket* ( skeleton71 7c71 porpoises & dolph9s8 or1 #a4 ,describe 7a71 qu>tz cry/als1 7b71 felsp>1 7c71 mica1 7d71 hornbl5de4 ,9 :at rock d ^! occur8 #b4 ,:at d y "k ( insectivor\s plants8 ,"n ^? y "k4 #c4 ,:at circum/ances /rike y 9 a walk 9 summ]8 ,,g5]al ,,sci5ce4 #a4 ,:at d y und]/& by1--7a71 electrical attraction1 7b71 repulsion1 7c71 conductors1 7d71 insulators1 7e71 me?ods ( obta9+ electricity8 #b4 ,prove t 8y nev] see matt] itself10 & %[ h[ sight gives u k4 ,,physiology4 #a4 ,describe ! /ructure ( ! human e>4 ,p]haps ,"s ,wond]s ( ,matt] by ,bi%op ,m]c] is ! mo/ inspir+ ( ! half-doz5 volumes 9 curr5t use 9 ,=m ,,iv = ?is section ( _! "w4 ,! que/ions indicate ! v>i$ nature ( ! "w & ! answ]s %ew t 9 e case ! k is fairly wide & ?or\gh4 ,all ! *ildr5 9 ! s*ool are usually ready to answ] ea* "q on ! "w ( ! t]m4 ,=ms ,v & ,,vi aga9 cov] a wide field z ! foll[+ que/ions on a t]m's "w suffici5tly indicate1-- ,,geography4 ,,vi4 #a4 ,%[ h[ ! discov]y ( ! ,new ,_w affect$ ,engl& 9 comm]ce & w>4 #b4 ,accord+ to :at g5]al law is life di/ribut$ on ! e>?8 #c4 ,describe ! ,siege ( ,mexico by ,cortes1 & its surr5d]4 ,,vi4 ,v4 #d4 ,h[ has ! w> affect$ 7a71 ,luxemb\rg1 7b71 ! ,ea/]n fronti] ( ,belgium1 7c71 ,antw]p & ! ,s*eldt8 ,v4 #a4 ,%[ h[ ! ,re/oration affect$ our ,am]ican possessions4 #b4 ,%[ accurately h[ longitude is det]m9$4 #c4 ,sket* ! hi/ory & "* ( ,montezuma4 ,,geology ,,& ,,g5]al ,,sci5ce4 ,,vi4 #a4 ,discuss fully 7a71 ! cause ( radio-activity1 7b71 gravitation4 #b4 ,:at h y to say ( ! sc5ic aspects ( ! ,engli% ,trias8 ,"n a doz5 ( ! fossils4 ,sket* half-a-doz54 ,v4 #a4 ,give z full an explanation z y c ( col\r4 #b4 ,describe ! composition ( ! igne\s rocks4 ,:]e d !y appe>8 ,,biology1 ,,botany1 ,,etc4 ,,vi4 #a4 ,:at are ! *>act]s ( ! backboneless animals8 ,describe half-a-doz5 examples4 #b4 ,describe & acc\nt = ! vegetation ( 7a71 woodl&s1 7b71 hea?1 7c71 moorl&1 7d71 mead[4 ,v4 #a4 ,h[ w\ld y classify ! indu/ries ( animals8 ,give examples4 #b4 ,describe ! flora ( ! sea%ore4 ,,vi4 ,v4 #c4 ,describe1 ) draw+s1 ! special /udy y h made ?is t]m4 ,,a/ronomy4 ,,vi4 #a4 ,:at d y und]/& by precession8 ,describe ! precession & mutation ( ! e>?'s axis4 ,v4 #a4 ,write an essay on ! planet ,m]cury4 ,if we want$ an excuse = af=d+ *ildr5 a wide syllabus introduc+ !m at any rate to ^? bran*es ( sci5ce ( :i* e normal p]son %\ld h "s k1 we f9d x 9 ! deprecatory words ( ,sir ,ri*>d ,gregory 9 8 ,presid5tial ,address 9 ! ,education ,sci5ce ,section ( ! ,briti% ,association4 ,he said t1-- 8,education might be def9$ z a delib]ate adju/m5t ( a gr[+ human be+ to its environm5t1 & ! scope & "* ( ! subjects ( in/ruction %\ld be det]m9$ by ?is biological pr9ciple4 ,:at 0 be/ = "o race or epo* ne$ n be be/ = ano!r4 ,! ess5tial mission ( s*ool sci5ce 0 to prep>e pupils = civilis$ citiz5%ip by reveal+ to !m some?+ ( ! beauty & ! p[] ( ! _w 9 :i* !y liv$1 z well z introduc+ !m to ! me?ods by :i* ! b\nd>ies ( natural k _h be5 ext5d$4 ,s*ool sci5ce1 !re=e1 0 n int5d$ to prep>e = vocations1 b to equip pupils = life4 ,x %\ld be "p ( a g5]al education1 unspecialis$1 b 9 no direct connexion ) possible univ]sity c\rses to foll[4 ,less ?an ?ree p] c5t4 ( ! pupils f ,/ate-aid$ second>y s*ools proce$$ to univ]sities1 & yet mo/ ( ! sci5ce c\rses 9 ^! s*ools 7 bas$ on syllabuses ( ! type ( univ]sity entrance exam9ations4 ,! ne$s ( ! _m 7 sacrific$ to ! few4 8,too mu* importance 0 atta*$ to :at c\ld be cov]$ by p]sonal exp]im5t & obs]vation4 ,e sci5ce exam9ation qualify+ = ! fir/ s*ool c]tificate1 :i* n[ repres5t$ subjects normally /udi$ up to ab\t sixte5 ye>s ( age1 0 ma9ly a te/ ( practical acqua9tance ) facts & pr9ciples enc\nt]$ 9 p>ticul> limit$ fields1 b n a s+le "o af=d$ recognition ( a broad & ample c\rse ( in/ruction 9 sci5ce su* z 0 a necess>y complem5t to laboratory "w4 8,! numb]s ( exam9ation c&idates sugge/$ t g5]al sci5tific tea*+ 0 almo/ non-exi/5t4 ,! range ( in/ruction 9 ! portions ( subjects tak51 moreov]1 0 almo/ conf9$ to :at c\ld be taught 9 a laboratory4 ,read+ or tea*+ = int]e/ or to le>n h[ physical sci5ce 0 daily ext5d+ ! p[] ( man receiv$ little att5tion because no cr$it = k ?us ga9$ 0 giv5 9 exam9ations4 ,!re 0 v special ne$ = ! rem9d] t sci5ce 0 n all measurem5t1 nor all measurem5t sci5ce40 ,x is reassur+ to see me?ods t we h pursu$ = ov] ?irty ye>s ) admirable results recomm5d$ ?us au?oritatively4 ,! only s\nd me?od ( tea*+ sci5ce is to af=d a due comb9ation ( field or laboratory "w1 ) su* lit]>y comm5ts & amplifications z ! subject af=ds4 ,= example1 f ,e?ics ( ! ,du/ *ildr5 d]ive a c]ta9 en?usiasm = cry/als z su* t _! own unaid$ obs]vation w\ld be sl[ to af=d4 ,z a matt] ( fact ! tea*+ ( sci5ce 9 our s*ools has lo/ mu* ( its educative value ?r\gh a fatal & q unnecess>y divorce betwe5 sci5ce & ! #8humanities4' ,! nature note books :i* orig9at$ 9 ! ,p4,u4,s4 h recomm5d$ !mselves pretty widely z travell+ companions & life records :]e9 ! #8f9ds' ( e season1 bird or fl[]1 fungus or moss1 is sket*$1 & describ$ some:at 9 ! mann] ( ,gilb]t ,:ite4 ,! nature note book is v ca?olic & f9ds room = ! />s 9 _! c\rses & =1 say1 ! fossil anemone f\nd on ! bea* at ,:itby4 ,c]ta9ly ^! note books d a good deal to br+ sci5ce )9 ! range ( common ?\ght & exp]i5ce2 we are anxi\s n to make sci5ce a utilit>ian subject4 ,,geography ,! tea*+ ( ,geography suff]s especially f ! utilit>ian _s4 ,! :ole t5d5cy ( mod]n ,geography1 z taught 9 our s*ools1 is to /rip ! un=tunate planet :i* has be5 assign$ to u z our abode & environm5t ( e trace ( my/]y & beauty4 ,!re is no long] any?+ to admire or to wond] at 9 ?is sweet _w ( ours4 ,we c no long] say ) ,jasp] ,petul5gro1--8,sun1 moon & />s are sweet ?+s1 bro!r2 !re is likewise ! w9d on ! hea?40 ,no1 ! que/ions :i* ,geography has to solve h5ce=? are conf9$ to h[ & "u :at conditions is ! e>?'s surface pr(itable to man & desirable = 8 habitation4 ,no m may *ildr5 conceive !mselves climb+ ,mont ,blanc or ,m\nt ,ev]e/1 skat+ on ! ,fiords ( ,norway or swimm+ 9 a gondola at ,v5ice4 ,^! are n ! ?+s t matt]1 b only h[ & :]e & :y is money to be made "u local conditions on ! e>?'s surface4 ,x is d\btful :e!r ?is k9d ( tea*+ is ev5 lucrative because ! m9d works on great ideas1 &1 ^u ^!1 works to great ends4 ,:]e sci5ce does n tea* a *ild to wond] & admire x has p]haps no educative value4 ,p]haps no k is m delightful ?an su* an intimacy ) ! e>?'s surface1 region by region1 z %\ld enable ! map ( any region to unfold a panorama ( delight1 disclos+ n only m\nta9s1 riv]s1 fronti]s1 ! great features we "k z #8,geography1' b associations1 occupations1 "s p>ts ( ! pa/ & mu* ( ! pres5t1 ( e "p ( ?is beautiful e>?4 ,great att5tion is paid to map "w2 t is1 be=e read+ a lesson *ildr5 h f\nd ! places m5tion$ 9 t lesson on a map & "k :]e !y are1 relatively to o!r places1 to giv5 p>allels1 m]idians4 ,!n1 be>+ 9 m9d t *ildr5 d n g5]alise b mu/ le>n by p>ticul>s1 !y read & picture to !mselves ! ,york%ire ,dales1 ! ,sussex ,d[ns1 ! my/]ies ( a coal-m9e2 !y see #8pigs' ( iron fl[+ =? f ! furnace1 ! sl[ accretions :i* h made up ! *alk1 ! /irr+ life ( ! great t[ns & ! occupations ( ! villages4 ,=m ,,ii 7,a & ,b7 are engag$ ) ! c\nties ( ,engl&1 c\nty by c\nty1 = s div]se are ! c\nties 9 aspect1 hi/ory & occupations1 t only s c *ildr5 acquire su* a k ( ,engl& z w prove a key to ! geography ( e "p ( ! _w1 :e!r 9 ! way ( comp>ison or contra/4 ,= in/ance1 :ile ,i write1 ! *ildr5 9 ,,iia are /udy+ ! c\nties :i* conta9 ! ,?ames bas9 & 8,write v]ses on #8,! ,?ames'0 is "p ( _! t]m's "w4 ,our ,sea ,p[]1 by ,h4 ,w4 ,h\sehold1 is ( extraord9>y value 9 l9k+ ,engl& ) ! _w by means ( a spirit$ acc\nt ( ! glori\s hi/ory ( our navy1 :ile ! late ,sir ,george ,p>k91 ?an :om !re is no bett] qualifi$ au?ority1 c>ries *ildr5 r\nd ! ,empire4 ,!y are ?r[n on _! own res\rces or ^? ( _! tea*]s = :at may be call$ curr5t ,geography4 ,= in/ance1 8,le>n :at y c ab\t ,! ,political ,map ( ,europe aft] ! ,great ,w>4 7,evans1 #d;d4740 ,9 ,=m ,,iii ! ,geography is /ill regional1 t is1 *ildr5 are l$ to =m an intimate acqua9tance ) ! c\ntries ( ,europe s t ! map ( any c\ntry calls up 9 a *ild's imag9ation a wond]ful panorama ( ! div]sities ( ! c\ntry1 ( ! p1 _! hi/ory & occupations4 ,x is evid5t t ?is k9d ( geographical image _c be secur$ 9 any o!r way ?an by consid]+ ,europe c\ntry by c\ntry4 ,!y beg9 ) a g5]al survey ( ! seas & %ores ( ! cont95t1 ( ! c\ntries & peoples1 ( ! div]sities ( tongues & _! hi/orical orig91 ( ! pla9s & m\nta9s1 ( ! riv]s & _! bas9s2 a survey aft] :i* !y %\ld be able to answ] su* que/ions z1--8,"n ?ree riv]s :i* fl[ into ! ,baltic40 8,:at l&s =m ! s\!rn & ea/]n %ores ( ! ,m$it]ranean80 8,:at c\ntries are wa%$ by ! ,baltic80 8,betwe5 :at p>allels does ,europe ext5d8 ,:at o!r cont95ts lie p>tly )9 ! same p>allels80 ,! "y s*ol>s are at home ) ! map ( ,europe be=e !y consid] ! c\ntries sep>ately4 ,! picture we pres5t ( ! sev]al c\ntries is meant to be be=e all ?+s int]e/+ & at ! same "t to provide an intellig5t & fairly exhau/ive acc\nt ( ! giv5 c\ntry4 ,:atev] fur!r k a *ild acquires w fit 9 to ?is orig9al s*eme4 ,= example1 8,! ,rhne ,valley & ! ,bord] l&s40#ch 8,! w>m & f]tile ,rhne valley belongs 9 climate to ! s\!rn region1 :]e1 al?\gh ! v9e is gr[n1 l>ge plantations ( olive & mulb]ry occupy mu* ( ! l&4 ,we are apt to ?9k ( ! ,s\? ( ,france z ! sunny s\?1 ! sweet s\?1 #8b1' says a writ] :om we h already quot$1 #8x is au/]e1 grim1 sombre' 444 b ! mulb]ry fe$s ! silkworm & s furni%es mat]ial = ! great manufacture ( ,france4 ,lyons1 ! second city ( ,france1 is ! seat ( ! silk manufacture includ+ ^? ( velvets & sat9s4 ,x is seat$ ^u a tongue ( l& at ! conflu5ce ( ! rapid ,rhne & ! sluggi% ,sane1 & along ! banks ( bo? riv]s are f9e quays40 ,?is extract indicates h[ geographical facts are introduc$ incid5tally1 pretty mu* z a travell] comes across !m4 ,! "w = "o t]m includes ,belgium1 ,holl&1 ,spa9 & ,portugal1 & ! int]e/s connect$ ) ea* ( ^! c\ntries are manifold4 ,= example1-- 8,on ! sea%ore ne> ,leyd5 is ,katwyck :]e ! expir+ ,rh9e is help$ to dis*>ge itself into ! sea by means ( a wide artificial *annel provid$ ) no less ?an ?irte5 pairs ( enorm\s floodgates4 ,^! are %ut to keep out ! sea :5 ! tide is com+ 91 & op5 to let ! /reams pass out dur+ ebb tide4 ,not)/&+ ^! great works ! once glori\s ,rh9e makes b an ignoble exit4 ,! delta ( ?is riv] may be said to include ! :ole bread? ( ,holl&40#ci ,x w be notic$ t an attempt is made to %ew ! romance ( ! natural features1 ! hi/ory1 ! indu/ries1 s t a c\ntry is no m a m]e matt] ( names on a map1 or ( sections %ewn by cont\r l9es4 ,su* g5]alisations are n ,geography b are sl[ conclusions :i* ! m9d %\ld come to ( itself :5 x acquires intimacy ) a region4 ,some?+ ( a lit]>y "* is pres]v$ 9 ! ,geography lessons4 ,! new feature 9 ^! is ! /udy ( maps :i* %\ld be v ?or\gh4 ,= ! re/ ! s+le read+ & n>ration z describ$ 9 connection ) o!r "w is suffici5t 9 ?is subject also4 ,*ildr5 _c tell :at !y h n se5 ) ! m9d's eye1 :i* we "k z imag9ation1 & !y _c see :at is n told 9 _! books ) "s vividness & "s grasp ( ! subject4 ,! ?or\ghness ( ! map /udy is %ewn by su* a "q to be answ]$ f memory z1--8,:at "p ( ,belgium does ! ,s*eldt dra98 ,"n any ( its fe$]s4 ,"n t5 fam\s places 9 its bas94 ,:at port /&s at ! head ( its e/u>y80 ,we f9d great light ?r[n ^u ! geography ( ! ,empire 9 a little book ( lit]>y quality1 ,fight+ = ,sea ,p[] 9 ! ,days ( ,sail4 ,!re are two rational ways ( tea*+ ,geography4 ,! fir/ is ! inf]5tial me?od1 a good deal 9 vogue at ! pres5t "t2 by x ! pupil le>ns c]ta9 geographical pr9ciples :i* he is expect$ to apply univ]sally4 ,?is me?od seems to me defective = two reasons4 ,x is apt to be mislead+ z 9 e p>ticul> case ! g5]al pr9ciple is op5 to modifications2 also1 local col\r & p]sonal & hi/orical int]e/s are want+ & ! s*ol> does n =m an intellectual & imag9ative conception ( ! region he is le>n+ ab\t4 ,! second :i* might be call$ ! panoramic me?od unrolls ! l&scape ( ! _w1 region by region1 be=e ! eyes ( ! s*ol> ) 9 e region its own conditions ( climate1 its productions1 its p1 _! indu/ries & _! hi/ory4 ,?is way ( tea*+ ! mo/ delightful ( all subjects has ! effect ( giv+ to a map ( a c\ntry or region ! brilliancy ( col\r & ! weal? ( detail :i* a panorama might af=d1 toge!r ) a s5se ( proportion & a k ( g5]al pr9ciples4 ,i believe t pictures are n ( v great use 9 ?is /udy4 ,we all "k t ! pictures :i* abide ) u are ^? :i* ! imag9ation con/ructs f writt5 descriptions4 ,! ,geography = ,=m ,,iv#dj includes ,asia1 ,africa1 ,am]ica & ,au/ralasia4 ,b ! same pr9ciple is foll[$3 vivid descriptions1 geographical pr9ciples1 hi/orical associations & indu/rial details1 are af=d$ :i* %\ld make1 z we say1 an impression1 %\ld secure t ! region trav]s$ becomes an imag9ative possession z well z af=d+ data = reasonable judgm5ts4 ,! pupil beg9s ) a survey ( ,asia foll[$ by a sep>ate treatm5t ( ! great c\ntries & divisions & ( ! great physical features4 ,?us ( ,sib]ia we read1-- 8,all travell]s unite 9 praise ( ! free ,sib]ian peasant4 ,z soon z "o crosses ! ,urals "o is surpris$ by ! extreme fri5dl9ess & good nature ( ! inhabitants z mu* z by ! ri* vegetation ( ! well-cultivat$ fields & ! excell5t /ate ( ! roads 9 ! s\!rn "p ( ! gov]nm5t ( ,tobolsk40 or1-- 8,! glossy jet black s(t ?ick fur ( ! sea-ott] is ! mo/ valuable ( all ! ,russian sk9s4 ,next ranks ! sk9 ( ! black fox4 ,b ?\gh a ?\s& ( its sk9s are wor? no m ?an "o sk9 ( ! sea-ott]1 ! little grey squirrel ^: sk9s are import$ by ! million really plays ! mo/ important "p 9 ! ,sib]ian fur trade40 ,( ,fur!r ,india1-- 8,pig\1 ! middle division1 is really ! va/ delta ( ! ,irrawaddy1 a l[-ly+ c\ntry :i* yields enorm\s quantities ( rice :ile on ! high] gr\nds :i* wall 9 ! great riv] are ! f9e/ teak =e/s 9 ! _w40 ,africa foll[s ,asia ) ! discov]ies ( ,liv+/one1 ,speke1 ,burton1 ,grant1 etc4 ,we get an acc\nt ( ,african village life & among ! *apt] head+s are ,abyss9ia1 ,egypt1 ,up ! ,nile1 ,! ,s\dan1 ,! ,sah>a1 ,! ,b>b>y ,/ates1 ,s\? ,africa1 ,cape ,colony1 ,! ,isl&s4 ,am]ica foll[s ) an acc\nt ( ! progress ( discov]y1 a geographical sket* ( ,s\? ,am]ica1 ! ,&es & ! ,m\nta9 ,/ates1 ,*ili1 ,p]u1 ,bolivia1 etc41 ! ,great ,pla9s ( ,s\? ,am]ica1 ,c5tral ,am]ica1 ,nor? ,am]ica1 ,canada1 a hi/orical sket* ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ! ,ea/]n ,/ates1 ,/ates ( ! ,mississippi valley1 ! prairies1 ! ,we/]n ,/ates & t]ritories1 ,cali=nia4 ,9 ! section on ! ,ea/]n ,/ates we read1-- 8,/ret*+ f ?is *a9 7! ,alleghanies7 is ! great ,appala*ian coalfield :i* ext5ds ?r\gh ,p5nsylvania1 ,virg9ia & ,ohio1 ) a l5g? ( #gbj miles conta9+1 x is said1 coal en\gh to supply ! _w = f\r ?\s& ye>s6 ,iron occurs ) ! coal 9 great abundance4 ,mo/ ( ?is coal is ( ! k9d call$ ,an?racite4 ,x is extremely sl[ 9 burn+1 emits no smoke1 b has a pa9fully dry+ effect ^u ! air ( a room4 ,sir ,*>les ,lyall speak+ ( ,pottsville on ?is coalfield says1--#8,"h ,i 0 agreeably surpris$ to see a fl\ri%+ manufactur+ t[n ) ! tall *imneys ( a hundr$ furnaces burn+ night & day1 yet q free f smoke4 ,leav+ ?is cle> atmosph]e & go+ d[n into "o ( ! m9es x 0 a no less pleas+ novelty to f9d t we c\ld h&le ! coal )\t soil+ our f+]s4'0 ,b en\gh has be5 said to indicate ! sort ( intimacy t s*ol>s 9 ,=m ,,iv get ) all qu>t]s ( ! _w1 _! geography1 l&scape1 hi/ories & indu/ries1 toge!r ) ! /udy ( ! causes :i* affect climate & indu/ries4 ,geikie's ,physical ,geography af=ds an admirable introduction to ! pr9ciples ( physical geography4 ,=ms ,v & ,,vi are expect$ to keep up ) ! newspap]s & "k some?+ ab\t places & regions com+ mo/ into note 9 ! curr5t t]m4 ,also1 9 connection ) ! hi/ory /udi$1 ,seeley's ,expansion ( ,engl&1 ,! ,peoples & ,problems ( ,india1 ,geikie's ,elem5t>y ,lessons 9 ,physical ,geography1 ,mort's ,practical ,geography1 & ,kipl+'s ,lett]s ( ,travel are includ$ 9 ! read+ ( "o t]m4 ,9 ^! ,=ms ! "y /ud5ts are expect$ to apply _! k to ,geography1 bo? practical & !oretical1 & to make mu* use ( a good ,atlas )\t ! map que/ions :i* h guid$ ! map "w ( ! l[] ,=ms4 ,,iii ,,! ,,k ,,( ,,! ,,univ]se 7b7 ,,ma!matics ,! "q ( ,ari?metic & ( ,ma!matics g5]ally is "o ( great import to u z educators4 ,s long z ! idea ( #8faculties' obta9$ no d\bt we 7 "r to put all possible weight on a subject s well adapt$ to tra9 ! reason+ p[]s1 b n[ we are assur$ t ^! p[]s d n wait ^u our tra9+4 ,!y are !re 9 any case2 & if we keep a *ief place 9 our curriculum = ,ari?metic we mu/ ju/ify ourselves ^u o!r gr\nds4 ,we take /rong gr\nd :5 we appeal to ! beauty & tru? ( ,ma!matics2 t1 z ,rusk9 po9ts out1 two & two make f\r & _c conceivably make five1 is an inevitable law4 ,x is a great ?+ to be br\ght into ! pres5ce ( a law1 ( a :ole sy/em ( laws1 t exi/ )\t our concurr5ce1--t two /raight l9es _c enclose a space is a fact :i* we c p]ceive1 /ate1 & act ^u b _c 9 any wise alt]1 %\ld give to *ildr5 ! s5se ( limitation :i* is :olesome = all ( u1 & inspire t sursum corda :i* we %\ld he> 9 all natural law4 ,aga91 integrity 9 our deal+s dep5ds l>gely ^u #8,mr4 ,micawb]'s' gold5 rule1 :ile #8,h>old ,skimpole's' disreg>d ( ^! ?+s is a moral (f5ce aga9/ society4 ,once aga91 ?\gh we d n live on gymna/ics1 ! m9d l ! body1 is invigorat$ by regul> spells ( h>d ex]cise4 ,b education %\ld be a sci5ce ( proportion1 & any "o subject t assumes undue importance does s at ! exp5se ( o!r subjects :i* a *ild's m9d %\ld deal )4 ,ari?metic1 ,ma!matics1 are exce$+ly easy to exam9e ^u & s long z education is regulat$ by exam9ations s long %all we h tea*+1 direct$ n to awak5 a s5se ( awe 9 contemplat+ a self-exi/+ sci5ce1 b r to secure exactness & +5uity 9 ! treatm5t ( problems4 ,:at is bett]1 x w be said1 ?an a tra9+ 9 exactness & +5uity8 ,b 9 say+ s we assume t ?is exactness & +5uity br\ght out 9 ,ari?metic s]ve u 9 e dep>tm5t ( life4 ,7 ?is ! case we %\ld inde$ h a royal road to le>n+2 b x w\ld seem t no su* road is op5 to u4 ,! habits & p[]s br\ght to be> ^u any "o educational subject are ex]cis$ ^u t subject simply4 ,! famili> /ory ( h[ ,sir ,isaac ,newton teas$ by 8 cat's cries to be let 9 caus$ a l>ge hole 9 ! door to be made = ! cat & a small "o = ! kitt51 illu/rates n a m]e amus+ lapse 9 a great m9d b ! fact t "w ^u special l9es qualifies = "w ^u ^? l9es only4 ,"o he>s ( m or less defici5t boys to :om ! /udy ( ,brad%aw is a delight1 ( an admirable acc\ntant :o 0 o!rwise a little #8defici5t4' ,! boy :o gets #8full m>ks' 9 ,ari?metic makes a poor %[ 9 hi/ory because ! accuracy & +5uity br\ght out by 8 sums apply to 8 sums only3 & z = ! value ( ,ari?metic 9 practical life1 mo/ ( u h private reasons = agree+ ) ! em95t /aff (fic] :o tells u t1-- 8,i h nev] f\nd any ,ma!matics except simple addition ( ! slighte/ use 9 a "w-a-day life except 9 ! ,/aff ,college exam9ations & z = m5tal gymna/ics & accuracy ( /atem5t1 ,i dispute ! cont5tion t ,ma!matics supply ei!r any bett] ?an any o!r /udy40 ,we h mo/ ( u believ$ t a k ( ! !ory & practice ( w> dep5d$ a good deal ^u ,ma!matics1 s ?is /atem5t by a di/+ui%$ soldi] is wor? consid]+4 ,9 a ^w our po9t is t ,ma!matics are to be /udi$ = _! own sake & n z !y make = g5]al intellig5ce & grasp ( m9d4 ,b !n h[ pr(\ndly wor?y are ^! subjects ( /udy = _! own sake1 to say no?+ ( o!r great bran*es ( k to :i* !y are ancill>y6 ,lack ( proportion %\ld be our bte noire 9 draw+ up a curriculum1 rememb]+ t ! ma!matician :o kn[s little ( ! hi/ory ( 8 own c\ntry or t ( any o!r1 is sp>sely educat$ at ! be/4 ,at ! same "t ,g5ius has h] own rights4 ,! born ma!matician mu/ be all[$ full scope ev5 to ! omission ( mu* else t he %\ld "k4 ,he soon ass]ts himself1 sees into ! intricacies ( a problem ) half an eye1 & %\ld h scope4 ,he w\ld pref] n to h mu* tea*+4 ,b :y %\ld ! tortoise keep pace ) ! h>e & :y %\ld a boy's success 9 life dep5d ^u drudg]y 9 ,ma!matics8 ,t is ! t5d5cy at ! pres5t mom5t--to close ! ,univ]sities & consequ5tly ! ,pr(essions to boys & girls :o1 because !y h little natural aptitude = ma!matics1 mu/ acquire a me*anical k by su* heavy all-engross+ lab\r z mu/ ne$s %ut out su* k ( ! #8humanities' say1 z is impli$ 9 ! phrase #8a lib]al education4' ,! claims ( ! ,london ,matriculation exam9ation1 = example1 are ackn[l$g$ by _m tea*]s to be incompatible ) ! wide k prop] to an educat$ p]son4 ,ma!matics dep5d ^u ! tea*] r ?an ^u ! text-book & few subjects are worse taught2 *iefly because tea*]s h seldom "t to give ! inspir+ ideas1 :at ,col]idge calls1 ! #8,capta9' ideas1 :i* %\ld quick5 imag9ation4 ,h[ liv+ w\ld ,geometry become 9 ! light ( ! discov]ies ( ,euclid z he made !m6 ,to sum up1 ,ma!matics are a necess>y "p ( e man's education2 !y mu/ be taught by ^? :o "k2 b !y may n engross ! "t & att5tion ( ! s*ol> 9 su* wise z to %ut out any ( ! score ( #8subjects1' a k ( :i* is 8 natural "r4 ,x is unnecess>y to exhibit ma!matical "w done 9 ! ,p4,u4,s4 z x is on ! same l9es & rea*es ! same /&>d z 9 o!r s*ools4 ,no d\bt 8 habit ( entire att5tion fav\rs ! ,p4,u4,s4 s*ol>4 ,,iii ,,! ,,k ,,( ,,! ,,univ]se 7c7 ,,physical ,,developm5t1 ,,h&icrafts ,x is unnecess>y1 too1 to say any?+ ab\t games1 danc+1 physical ex]cises1 ne$lework & o!r h&icrafts z ! me?ods employ$ 9 ^! are n exceptional4#da ,book ,,ii ,!ory ,appli$ ,,*apt] ,i ,a ,,lib]al ,,education ,,9 ,,elem5t>y ,,s*ools ,i ne$ n wa/e "t 9 attempt+ to conv9ce ! read] ( :at we all "k1 t a lib]al education is1 l ju/ice1 religion1 lib]ty1 fre% air1 ! natural bir?right ( e *ild4 ,nei!r ne$ we discuss ! scope ( su* an education4 ,we are aw>e t good life implies cultivat$ intellig5ce1 t1 accord+ to ! ,platonic axiom1 #8,k is virtue1' ev5 ?\gh !re be _m exceptions to ! rule4 ,educat$ tea*]s are n sl[ to p]ceive ! "p ! ,humanities play 9 a wor?y s*eme ( education1 b !y are fac$ by enorm\s difficulties :i* are admirably summ$ up 9 a rec5t "w1--#db 8,! trag$y ( mod]n education has be5 ! prolong$ failure ( ,humanism to secure conditions "u :i* its purpose might be realis$ = ! p at l>ge40 ,x is because we 7( ! ,p>5ts' ,union ,s*ool7 h succe$$ 9 (f]+ ,humanism "u su* conditions t we believe ! great problem ( education is at la/ solv$4 ,we are able to (f] ! ,humanities 79 ! "m tongue7 to l>ge classes ( *ildr5 f illit]ate homes 9 su* a way t ! tea*+ is receiv$ ) delight & freely assimilat$4 ,"o swall[ does n make a summ]1 we all "k1 b ! exp]i5ce ( "o s*ool %[s t x is possible to c>ry out a pretty full lit]>y programme joy\sly & )\t ef=t :ile includ+ all ! usual s*ool activities4 ,wireless telegraphy 01 s to speak1 9 ! air be=e ! fir/ ,m>coni message 0 s5t1 b t fir/ wireless message made x possible = any pass5g] on bo>d a ,*annel /eam] to s5d su* a message4 ,j s1 ! exp]im5t 9 ! ,drighl+ton ,s*ool 7,york%ire7 plac$ ! conditions = a humani/ic education at ! s]vice ( any tea*]4 ,i am mu* impress$ by ! am\nt ( "w ( ?is k9d :i* is already be+ done 9 our s*ools4 ,i he>d ! o!r day ( a man ^: :ole life _h be5 elevat$ by a s+le inspir+ 7poetic7 s5t5ce :i* he he>d z a s*oolboy2 we h be5 told t ! #8man 9 ! /reet' _c resi/ a r[ ( books2 we are told1 too1 t ! ,w> has made u a nation ( read]s1 bo? at home & 9 ! tr5*es1 read]s l>gely ( ! be/ books 9 poetry & hi/ory2 is !re no cr$it due to ! s*ools = ^! ?+s8 ,b tea*]s are n satisfi$2 _! rea* is great] ?an _! grasp & !y are m aw>e ( ! sordid lives ab\t !m1 ( ! 8dull1 unfeel+1 b>r5 ignorance0 :i* prevails1 ?an ( any success !y h yet atta9$4 ,!re=e !y fret "u ! "t limitations :i* seem to make x impossible to d any?+ wor? :ile 9 su* va/ subjects z ,hi/ory & ,lit]ature1 = example4 ,i wond] does ?is uneas9ess po9t to a fact :i* we are sl[ to realise1--t ! requirem5ts ( ! m9d are v mu* l ^? ( ! body8 ,bo? require z conditions ( heal?1--activity1 v>iety1 re/ &1 above all1 food4 ,!re has be5 "s t5d5cy among u to (f] gymna/ics1 :e!r intellectual or physical1 by way ( a squ>e meal ( k1 :i* is z if "o 7 to invite a boy to ,sw$i% ,drill by way ( 8 d9n]2 & t wret*$ misnom] #8education' is p>tly to blame4 ,n[1 pot5cy1 n prop]ty1 is ! *>act]i/ic ( m9d4 ,a *ild is able to deal ) mu* k1 b he possesses none wor? speak+ (2 yet we set to "w to give him t pot5cy :i* he already possesses r ?an ! k :i* he lacks2 we tra9 8 reason1 cultivate 8 judgm5t1 ex]cise ?is & ! o!r faculty1 :i* we h no m to d ) ?an ) ! dige/ive processes ( a heal?y *ild2 we "k t ! m we m$dle ) ^! ! worse = ! *ild2 b :at if ! devitalisation we notice 9 s _m ( our "y p1 ke5 ab\t games b dead to ?+s ( ! m9d1 is due to ! processes c>ri$ on 9 our s*ools1 to our plausible & pleasant ways ( pictur+1 elicit+1 demon/rat+1 illu/rat+1 summ>is+1 do+ all ^? ?+s = *ildr5 :i* !y are born ) ! pot5cy to d = !mselves8 ,no d\bt we d give intellectual food1 b too little ( x2 let u h c\rage & we %all be surpris$1 z we are n[ & !n1 at ! am\nt ( intellectual /rong meat almo/ any *ild w take at a meal & dige/ at 8 leisure4 ,p]haps ! fir/ ?+ = u to d is to get a j p]ception ( :at ,i may call ! relativity ( k & ! m9d4 ,! m9d receives k1 n 9 ord] t x may "k1 b 9 ord] t x may gr[1 9 bread? & dep?1 9 s\nd judgm5t & magnanimity2 b 9 ord] to gr[1 x mu/ "k4 ,! fact is t we are h&icapp$1 n s mu* by ! ?ree or f\r difficulties ,i h already indicat$1 z by c]ta9 errors ( judgm5t1 =ms ( depreciation1 :i* none ( u escape because !y are univ]sal4 ,we z tea*]s depreciate ourselves & our (fice2 we d n realise t 9 ! nature ( ?+s ! tea*] has a prophetic p[] ( appeal & inspiration1 t 8 "p is n ! we>iful task ( spoon-fe$+ ) pap-meat1 b ! delightful comm]ce ( equal m9ds :]e 8 is ! "p ( guide1 philosoph] & fri5d4 ,! friction ( wills :i* makes s*ool "w h>ass+ ceases to a surpris+ degree :5 we deal ) ! *ildr51 m9d to m9d1 ?r\gh ! m$ium ( k4 ,next1 we depreciate *ildr51 ev5 ?\gh mo/ tea*]s lay d[n _! lives = _! *>ges ) amaz+ devotion4 ,we h be5 s long taught to reg>d *ildr5 z products ( education & environm5t1 t we fail to realise t f ! fir/ !y are p]sons2 &1 z ,c>lyle has well said1-- 8,! my/]y ( a p]son1 inde$1 is ev] div9e1 to him t has a s5se = ! godlike40 ,we mu/ ei!r rev]5ce or despise *ildr52 & :ile we reg>d !m z incomplete & undevelop$ be+s :o w "o day arrive at ! complet5ess ( man1 r ?an z weak & ignorant p]sons1 ^: ignorance we mu/ in=m & ^: weakness we mu/ support1 b ^: pot5tialities are z great z our own1 we _c d o!rwise ?an despise *ildr51 h[ev] k9dly & ev5 t5d]ly we commit ! (f5ce4 ,z soon z he gets words ) :i* to communicate ) u1 a *ild lets u "k t he ?9ks ) surpris+ cle>ness & directness1 t he sees ) a clos5ess ( obs]vation t we h long lo/1 t he enjoys & t he sorr[s ) an int5sity we h ceas$ to exp]i5ce1 t he loves ) an ab&on & a confid5ce :i*1 alas1 we d n %>e1 t he imag9es ) a fecundity no arti/ among u c approa* t he acquires intellectual k & me*anical skill at a rate s amaz+1 t1 c\ld ! infant's rate ( progress be kept up to manhood1 he w\ld surely appropriate ! :ole field ( k 9 a s+le lifetime6 7,x is wor? :ile 9 ?is connection to re-read ! e>ly *apt]s ( ,david ,copp]field47 ,i am consid]+ a *ild z he is1 & am n trac+ him1 ei!r ) ,wordswor?1 to ! heights above1 or1 ) ! evolutioni/1 to ! dep?s bel[2 because a p]son is a my/]y1 t is1 we _c expla9 him or acc\nt = him1 b mu/ accept him z he is4 ,?is wond] ( p]sonality does n cease1 does n disappe>1 :5 a *ild goes to s*ool2 he is /ill #8all !re' 9 q ano!r s5se f t ( ! vulg> cat*-^w4 ,b we beg9 to lose ! way to 8 m9d f ! day t he ent]s ! s*oolroom2 ! reason = ?is is1 we h embrac$ ! belief t #8k is s5sation1' t a *ild kn[s :at he sees & h&les r ?an :at he conceives 9 8 m9d & figures 9 8 ?\ghts4 ,i lab\r ?is po9t because our fai? 9 a *ild's spiritual1 i4e41 intellectual educability is "o ( our *ief assets4 ,hav+ br\ght ourselves face to face ) ! wond] ( m9d 9 *ildr51 we beg9 to see t k is ! alim5t ( ! m9d z food is t ( ! body4 ,9 ! days be=e ! ,w>1 a lifetime ago x seems1 our insul> contempt = k 0 a by-^w2 except = a s*oolma/] or o!r ?9k] "h & !re1 nobody took k s]i\sly2 we ann\nc$ boldly t x did n matt] :at a *ild le>n$ b only h[ he le>n$ x4 ,z = m]e #8book-le>n+1' = t we _h a f9e contempt6 ,b we h *ang$ all t4 ,we are beg9n+ to suspect t ignorance is our national /umbl+-block1 a *ief cause ( ^? difficulties at home :i* h9d] our ef=ts abroad4 ,= ignorance !re is only "o cure1 & t is1 k2 8 s*ool is ! seat ( k = a *ild1 & :atev] else 8 tea*]s d = him1 fir/ ( all !y mu/ su/a9 him ) k1 n 9 homopa?ic doses1 b 9 regul>1 g5]\s s]v+s4 ,if we ask1 :at is k8--!re is no neat & ready answ] at h&4 ,mat!w ,arnold1 we "k1 classifies all k "u ?ree heads1--! k ( ,god1 div9ity1 ! k ( man1 kn[n z ! #8humanities' & ! k ( ! physical _w1 sci5ce1 & t is en\gh to g on )4 ,b ,i %\ld l to "q ?is division & to class all ?ree p>ts ( k "u ! head ( ,humanism1 :i* %\ld include all k t makes a direct appeal to ! m9d ?r\gh ! *annel ( lit]>y =m2 n[1 ! sub/ance ( ,div9ity is conta9$ 9 "o ( ! ?ree great lit]atures ( ! _w1 & ,sci5ce1 9 ,france if n usually 9 ,engl&1 is embodi$ 9 a beautiful & poetic lit]ature ( great cl>ity1 precision & grace4 ,is x n !n all[able to include all k ( :i* lit]ature is a prop] m$ium "u ! head ( #8,humanism'8 ,"o ?+ at any rate we "k ) c]ta9ty1 t no tea*+1 no in=mation becomes k to any ( u until ! individual m9d has act$ ^u x1 translat$ x1 trans=m$1 absorb$ x1 to reappe>1 l our bodily food1 9 =ms ( vitality4 ,!re=e1 tea*+1 talk & tale1 h[ev] lucid or fasc9at+1 effect no?+ until self-activity be set up2 t is1 self-education is ! only possible education2 ! re/ is m]e v5e] laid on ! surface ( a *ild's nature4 ,i h endeav\r$ to call y\r att5tion to a c]ta9 und]valu+ ( *ildr5 & und]valu+ ( k :i* seem to me to m> our tw5tie? c5tury ideal ( education1 f9e z t is4 ,if we realise t ! m9d & k are l two memb]s ( a ball & socket jo9t1 two limbs ( a pair ( scissors1 fitt$ to ea* o!r1 necess>y to ea* o!r & act+ only 9 conc]t1 we %all und]/& t our function z tea*]s is to supply *ildr5 ) ! rations ( k :i* !y require2 & t ! re/1 "* & conduct1 effici5cy & ability1 &1 t f9e/ quality ( ! citiz51 magnanimity1 take c>e ( !mselves4 8,b h[80 cries ! tea*]1 ^: life is sp5t 9 ! lab\r ( ,sisyphus4 ,i ?9k we h *anc$ on a way t1 at any rate1 works to admiration1 ! pr9ciples & practice ( :i* ,i am anxi\s to br+ be=e y4 ,let me fir/ repeat#dc a few ( ! results t h be5 made good by ?\s&s ( *ildr51 & )9 ! la/ few ye>s by _m ,c\ncil ,s*ools ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry3-- ,! *ildr51 n ! tea*]s1 are ! responsible p]sons2 !y d ! "w by self-ef=t4 ,! tea*]s give ! uplift ( _! sympa?y 9 ! "w & :]e necess>y elucidate1 sum up or enl>ge1 b ! actual "w is done by ! s*ol>s4 ,^! read 9 a t]m f "o ?\s& to betwe5 two & ?ree ?\s& pages1 accord+ to age & class1 9 a l>ge numb] ( set books2 ! quantity set = ea* lesson all[s ( only a s+le read+4 ,! read+ is te/$ by n>ration1 or by writ+ on a te/ passage4 ,no revision is attempt$ :5 ! t]m9al exam9ation is at h&2 because too mu* gr\nd has be5 cov]$ to all[ ( any #8look+ up4' ,:at ! *ildr5 h read !y "k1 & write on any "p ( x ) ease & flu5cy1 9 vigor\s ,engli%4 ,!y usually spell well4 ,dur+ ! exam9ations1 :i* la/ a week1 ! *ildr5 cov] say f tw5ty to sixty %eets ( ,cambridge pap]1 accord+ to age & class2 b if t5 times z _m que/ions 7 set on ! "w /udi$ mo/ likely !y w\ld cov] t5 times z mu* pap]4 ,x r>ely happ5s t all ! *ildr5 9 a class are n able to answ] all ! que/ions set 9 su* subjects z hi/ory1 lit]ature1 citiz5%ip1 geography1 sci5ce4 ,b "h diff]5ces manife/ !mselves2 "s *ildr5 d bett] 9 hi/ory1 "s 9 sci5ce1 "s 9 ari?metic1 o!rs 9 lit]ature2 "s1 aga91 write copi\s answ]s & a few write sp>sely2 b practically all "k ! answ]s to ! set que/ions4 ,9 ! c\rse ( an exam9ation !y deal freely ) a great numb] ( sub/antives1 includ+ _m prop] names2 ,i once _h ! names us$ by a *ild ( t5 9 an exam9ation pap] c\nt$2 !re 7 well ov] a hundr$1 ( :i* ^! are ! #8,a's'-- ,africa1 ,alsace-,lorra9e1 ,abdom51 ,antigonons1 ,ant5n1 ,aphis1 ,antw]p1 ,ald]1 ,am]ica1 ,am/]dam1 ,au/ria-,hung>y1 ,ann ,boleyn1 ,ant>ctic1 ,atlantic2 & ^! are ! #8,m's1'-- ,megalopolis1 ,maximilian1 ,milan1 ,m>t9 ,lu!r1 ,m>y ( ! ,ne!rl&s1 ,mess9a1 ,mac$onia1 ,magna ,*>ta1 ,magnet1 ,malta1 ,metz1 ,m$it]ranean1 ,m>y ,que5 ( ,scots1 ,treaty ( ,madrid2 & ^u all ^! subjects ! *ildr5 wrote z freely & fully z if !y 7 writ+ to an abs5t si/] ab\t a new family ( kitt5s6 ,! *ildr5 write ) p]fect und]/&+ z f> z !y g & !re is r>ely a #8h[l]' 9 hundr$s ( sets ( pap]s4 ,!y h an enviable p[] ( gett+ at ! gi/ ( a book or subject4 ,sometimes !y are ask$ to write v]ses ab\t a p]sonage or an ev5t2 ! result is n rem>kable by way ( poetry1 b sums up a good deal ( ?\ghtful read+ 9 a delightful way2 = example1--! read+ ( ,k+ ,le> is ga!r$ 9 twelve l9es on #8,cordelia1'-- ,,cordelia ,noblie/ lady1 doom$ to slaught]1 ,an unlov'd1 unpiti$ daught]1 ,?\gh ,cordelia ?\ may'/ be1 8,love's0 ! fitte/ "n = !e2 ,if love do? n1 maid1 be/[ ,scorn = scorn1 & 8no0 = 8no10 ,if love loves ?r\gh scorn & spite1 ,if love cl+s to tru? & "r1 ,if love's pure1 maid1 z ?\ art1 ,if love has a fai?ful he>t1 ,?\ art !n ! same z love2 ,come f ,god's own realms above6 ,m4 ,k4 ,c4 #aj-aj_/ab ,=m ,,ii4 ,a life ( ,liv+/one 7read 9 connection ) ! ,geography ( ,africa7 is ?us epitomis$1-- ,,liv+/one 8,! :ole ( ,africa is des]t b>e1 ,except ar\nd ! coa/40 ,s p said1 ,& ?\ght ( t great cont95t no m4 8,! smoke ( ?\s& villages ,i've se560 ,s cri$ a man4 ,he knew no m4 ,8 words ,sank d[n into "o he>t !re to rema94 ,! man :o he>d rose up & gave 8 all3 ,into ! d>k unkn[n he w5t alone4 ,:at t]rors did he face8 ,! native's hate1 ,! fev]1 tetse-fly & lonel9ess4 ,b to ! p !re he br\ght great ,light4 ,:o 0 ?is man1 ! son ( "s great "l8 ,n s4 ,he 0 a simple ,scotti% lad ,:o le>nt to foll[ duty's pa?4 ,8 "n ,0 ,liv+/one1 he w n be =got4 ,e4 ,p4 7#ae47 ,=m ,,iv4 ,& "h is a r5d]+ ( ,plut>*'s ,life ( ,p]icles by a girl ( f\rte5 9 ,=m ,,iv1-- ,oh6 l&1 ^: beauty & unrivall$ fame2 ,lies dead1 obscure 9 ,"t's great du/y vault4 ,n s 9 memory1 = truly "h1 ,ea* & alike look up & d reve> ,^? h]oes ( ! hidd5 pa/4 ,plato1 ,:o's und]/&+ rea*$ ! wide _w's end2 ,ari/ides1 t j & noble man4 ,& la/1 n lea/1 ! great wise ,p]icles ,:o's sociali/ic views & clev] ways ,= gov]n+ ! ri* & poor alike ,7 to be envi$4 ,9 8 eyes mu/ ,greece ,live = ev] z ! home ( beauty4 ,s to ! ,gods great m>ble %r9es he made1 ,temples & !atres did he erect2 ,s t ! beauty ( 8 belov$ ,greece ,might live = ev]4 ,& n[ :5 see+ ,:at is left ( all ^? wondr\s sights ,we ?9k n ( ! works !mselves ,b r ( ! man :o _h !m built4 ,j4 ,f4 ,"o wond]s is #8sociali/ic' us$ = democratic2 any way1 ! notion is orig9al4 ,!re is little to be said = ! te*nique ( ! v]ses b ,i ?9k ! read] w agree t ea* set %[s ?\ghtful appreciation ( "s "p ( ! t]m's read+4 ,! v]ses are uncorrect$4 ,mu* use is made accord+ to ?is me?od ( ! ye>s f #f to #h1 dur+ :i* *ildr5 mu/ le>n to read & write2 !y get at ! same "t1 h[ev]1 a good deal ( consecutive k ( hi/ory & geography1 tale & fable1 "s ( :i* at ! end ( ! t]m !y dictate 9 answ] to que/ions & _! answ]s =m well-express$ little essays on ! subjects !y deal )4 ,! "t appropriat$ 9 ! "t-table at ?is /age to ! tea*+ ( "s half-doz5 m or less lit]>y subjects su* z ,scripture1 & ! subjects ,i h indicat$1 is l>gely sp5t by ! tea*]s 9 read+1 say1 two or ?ree p>agraphs at a "t f "s "o ( ! set books1 :i* *ildr51 "h & !re 9 ! class1 n>rate4 ,! tea*] reads ) ! int5tion t ! *ildr5 %all "k1 & !re=e1 ) di/9ctness1 =ce1 & c>eful enunciation2 x is a m]e matt] ( sympa?y1 ?\gh ( c\rse x is ! au?or & n himself1 :om ! tea*] is c>eful to produce4 ,?is practice1 ( ! tea*] read+ al\d & ! class n>rat+1 is necess>ily cont9u$ ?r\gh all ! classes ( an elem5t>y s*ool1 because "s ( ! books us$ are r co/ly & only "o copy is furni%$4 ,i wond] does ?is habit ( li/5+ ) close att5tion to :at is read al\d t5d to equalise ! *ildr5 ( ! #8un$ucat$' ) ^? ( ! educat$ classes8 ,c]ta9ly1 ! "w ( ! two is surpris+ly equal4 ,by ! way1 !re is no selection ( subjects1 passages or episodes on ! gr\nd ( int]e/4 ,! be/ available book is *os5 & read ?r\gh 9 ! c\rse1 x may be1 ( two or ?ree ye>s4 ,let me add t ! appeal ( ^! pr9ciples & ?is me?od is n to ! clev] *ild only b to ! av]age & ev5 to ! #8backw>d' *ild2 inde$ we h _h sev]al m>k$ successes ) backw>d *ildr54 ,j z we all p>take ( t banquet :i* is #8,%akespe>e' accord+ to our ne$s & desires1 s d ! *ildr5 behave at ! ample bo>d set be=e !m2 !re is en\gh to satisfy ! ke5e/ intellig5ce :ile ! dulle/ *ild is su/a9$ ?r\gh 8 own will+ ef=t4 ,?is s*eme ( fairly wide & successful intellectual "w is c>ri$ out 9 ! same or less "t ?an is occupi$ 9 ! usual ef=ts 9 ! same directions2 !re are no revisions1 no ev5+ prep>ations 7because f> m "w is done by ! *ildr5 9 ord9>y s*ool-"t ?an "u ord9>y s*ool me?ods1 :5 ! *ild is too (t5 a li/5] only73 no note-tak+1 because none are necess>y1 ! *ildr5 hav+ ! matt] 9 _! books & kn[+ :]e to f9d x2 & z !re is no cramm+ or work+ up ( subjects !re is mu* "t to sp>e = vocational & o!r "w ( ! k9d4 ,su* an education z ,i am urg+ %\ld act z a social lev] also2 ev]yone is mu* occupi$ ) problems conc]n+ amelioration ( life = our #8poor] classes' b d we suffici5tly consid] t1 giv5 a bett] education1 ! problems ( dec5t liv+ w = ! mo/ "p be solv$ by ! p !mselves8 ,l all great v5tures ( life ?is t ,i propose is a v5ture ( fai?1 fai? 9 ! sav+ p[] ( k & 9 ! assimilative p[] ( *ildr54 ,its efficacy dep5ds ^u ! fact t x is 9 ! nature ( ?+s1 t is1 9 ! nature ( k & 9 ! nature ( *ildr54 ,br+ ! two toge!r 9 ways t are sanction$ by ! laws ( m9d &1 to use a figure1 a *emical comb9ation takes place & a new product appe>s1 a p]son ( "* & intellig5ce1 an admirable citiz5 ^: own life is too full & ri* = him to be an uneasy memb] ( society4 ,education is "p & p>cel ( religion & e en?usia/ic tea*] kn[s t he is obey+ ! precept1--#8fe$ my lambs'--fe$ ) all ^? ?+s :i* are good & :olesome = ! _s ( a man2 &1 be=e all & includ+ all1 ) ! k ( ,god4 ,i h v5tur$ to speak ( ! laws ( m9d1 or _s1 b inde$ we c only make guesses "h & !re & foll[ ) diffid5ce su* light z we get f ! tea*+s ( ! wise & f g5]al exp]i5ce2 g5]al exp]i5ce1 because peculi> exp]i5ce is apt to be mislead+2 !re=e1 :5 ,i le>n$ t long tri$ pr9ciples & me?ods 7 capable ( application to ! :ole ( a class ( =ty *ildr5 9 ! s*ool ( a m9+ village1 ,i felt assur$ t we 7 foll[+ laws ^: obs]vance results 9 education ( a satisfy+ k9d4 ,! m9d requires su/5ance z does ! body1 t x may increase & be /rong2 s mu* ev]ybody kn[s4 ,a long "t ago x 0 p]ceiv$ t ! pabulum giv5 9 s*ools 0 ( ! wrong sort2 ,gramm> rules1 li/s ( names & dates & places1--! :ole /ock 9 trade ( ! e>li] s*oolma/]--0 f\nd to be matt] :i* ! m9ds ( *ildr5 reject3 &1 because we 7 wise en\gh to see t ! m9d functions = its own n\ri%m5t :e!r 9 reject+ or receiv+1 we *ang$ our tactics1 foll[+1 s we ?\ght1 ! lead ( ! *ildr54 ,we did well1 & !re=e are prep>$1 if necess>y1 to d bett]4 ,:at1 !n1 if our :ole educational equipm5t1 our illu/rations1 elucidations1 que/ion+s1 our illimitable pati5ce 9 gett+ a po9t into ! *ildr51 7 all bas$ on ! false assumption ( ! immature1 :i* we take to connote ! imp]fect1 incomplete m9ds ( *ildr58 8,i ?9k ,i c\ld und]/&1 ,mummy1 if y did n expla9 q s mu*10--is ?is ! in>ticulate cry ( ! s*ool *ild to-day8 ,he really is capable ( mu* m ?an he gets cr$it =1 b we g ! wrong way ab\t gett+ 8 capable m9d into action4 ,we err :5 we all[ our admirable tea*+ to int]v5e betwe5 *ildr5 & ! k _! m9ds dem&4 ,! desire = k 7curiosity7 is ! *ief ag5t 9 education3 b ?is desire may be made p[]less l an unus$ limb by enc\rag+ o!r desires to int]v5e1 su* z ! desire = place 7emulation71 = prizes 7av>ice71 = p[] 7ambition71 = praise 7vanity74 ,b ,i am told t m>ks1 places & prizes 7except = att5dance7 d n figure l>gely 9 ,elem5t>y ,s*ools1 !re=e ! love ( k = its own sake is likely to h a fre] c\rse 9 ^! s*ools ?an 9 o!rs4 ,t *ildr5 are born p]sons1--is ! fir/ article ( ! educational cr$o :i* ,i am conc]n$ to advance2 ?is implies t !y come to u ) p[] ( att5tion1 avidity = k1 cle>ness ( ?\ght1 nice discrim9ation 9 books ev5 be=e !y c read1 & ! p[] ( deal+ ) _m subjects4 ,practical tea*]s w say1 gu>antee to u ! att5tion ( our s*ol>s & we w gu>antee _! progress 9 :at ,colet calls #8good lit]ature1' ,i h already expla9$#dd h[ ,i came to a solution ( ?is puzzl+ problem1--h[ to secure att5tion4 ,let me add aga9 t ! pr9ciples & me?ods ,i h indicat$ are especially suitable = l>ge classes2 :at is call$ ! #8sympa?y ( numb]s' /imulates ! class1 & ! "w goes ) add$ impetus3 ea* *ild is eag] to take "p 9 n>ration or to d writt5 "w well4 ,by ! way1 only %ort te/ answ]s are requir$ 9 writ+1 s t ! lab\r ( correction is m9imis$4 ,to two fur!r po9ts ,i mu/ invite att5tion2 ! *oice ( books & ! "* ( ! t]m9al exam9ations4 ,i d n "k bett] h[ to describe ! sort ( books t *ildr5's m9ds w cons5t to deal ) ?an by say+ t !y mu/ be lit]>y 9 "*4 ,a *ild ( sev5 or eight w n>rate a difficult passage f ,! ,pilgrim's ,progress1 say1 ) extraord9>y ze/ & insight2 b ,i d\bt if he or 8 eld]s w\ld reta9 any?+ f t excell5t "w1 ,dr4 ,smiles's ,self-,help6 ,! complet5ess ) :i* hundr$s ( *ildr5 reject ! wrong book is a curi\s & in/ructive exp]i5ce1 n less s ?an ! avidity & joy ) :i* !y dra9 ! "r book to ! dregs2 *ildr5's requirem5ts 9 ! matt] seem to be quantity1 quality & v>iety3 b ! "q ( books is "o ( mu* delicacy & difficulty4 ,aft] ! exp]i5ce ( ov] a qu>t] ( a c5tury#de 9 select+ ! lesson books prop] to *ildr5 ( all ages1 we /ill make mi/akes1 & ! next exam9ation pap] discov]s ! error6 ,*ildr5 _c answ] que/ions set on ! wrong book2 & ! difficulty ( selection is increas$ by ! fact t :at !y l 9 books is no m a guide ?an :at !y l 9 food4 ,! mom5t has come to try ! great cause ( ,education v4 ,civilisation1 ) ! result1 let u hope1 t ! latt] w retire to h] prop] sph]e ( s]vice 9 ! amelioration ( life & w n intrude on ! high] functions ( inspiration & direction :i* belong to ,education4 ,bo? ,civilisation & ,education are ! h&maids ( ,religion1 b1 ea* 9 its place1 & ! "o may n ?ru/ h]self into ! (fice ( ! o!r4 ,x is a ga91 any way1 t we are )9 sight ( giv+ to all memb]s ( ! work+ classes not)/&+ _! limit$ opportunities t /ability ( m9d & magnanimity ( "* :i* are ! prop] outcome & ! unfail+ te/ ( a ,,lib]al ,,education2 also x is to ! good t 8! gr& elem5t>y pr9ciple ( pleasure0 %\ld be discov]$ 9 unexpect$ places1 9 :at is too (t5 ! drudg]y ( ! s*oolroom4 ,milton's ideal ( a 8complete & g5]\s education0 meets our occasions2--8t :i* fits a man to p]=m ju/ly1 skilfully & magnanim\sly all ! (fices bo? private & public ( peace & w>02 & p]haps x rema9s = our g5]ation to prove t ?is ideal is op5 to & necess>y = p]sons ( all sorts & conditions4 ,x has be5 well said t1-- 8,j z !re is only "o k9d ( tru? common to u all1 s !re is only "o education common to u all4 ,9 ! case ( ! education ( ! p ! only "q is3 ,h[ is ?is common education to be develop$ "u ! circum/ances ( simple conditions ( life & l>ge masses ( p8 ,t ?is %\ld be accompli%$ is ! decisive m>k ( all real education40 ,! writ] 7,euck57 (f]s no solution ( ?is problem3 & x rema9s ) ! read] to det]m9e ea* ) himself :e!r t solution :i* ,i "h propose is or is n wor? a trial4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,a ,,lib]al ,,education ,,9 ,,second>y ,,s*ools ,mighty is ! p[] ( p]si/5t adv]tisem5t4 ,! au?or ( ,! ,pagan may or may n be br++ an indictm5t aga9/ ,pelmanism1 b )\t any d\bt #8,pelmanism' is br++ an indictm5t aga9/ second>y education4 ,half a million s\ls1 ,judges & ,g5]als1 ,admirals & ,b>ri/]s1 are prote/+ t !y h n be5 educat$4 ,no d\bt ! _s t in=ms adv]tisem5ts is (t5 a ly+ _s b claims s well atte/$ z ^! may h some?+ 9 !m1 & we :o are engag$ 9 second>y education are uneasy4 ,aga91 we h ! ,bo>d ( ,education desir+ t returns %\ld be made promptly ( all s*ools n already 9 communication ) ! ,/ate1 :i*1 by ! way1 is tak+ pat]nal action 9 sev]al directions to secure a lib]al education = all ,8 ,maje/y's lieges4 8,pay ! s*oolma/] well & y w get education0 is ! panacea ( ! mom5t1 & s we get 9 "o neighb\rhood a village s*oolma/] ) a sal>y ( #cej & a h\se1 & a s+ul>ly able curate1 an ,ox=d man1 ) a wife & family & no h\se :o fl\ri%es on #aej a ye>6 ,"w1 h[ev]1 is m ?an wages1 & ?is exclusive /ress on high sal>ies is a tacit und]valu+ ( tea*]s4 ,mo/ ( u "k ( f9e educational "w be+ done ) little inducem5t 9 ! way ( ei!r pay or praise4 ,! real drawback to a tea*]'s "w & ! /umbl+-block 9 ! way ( a lib]al education is ! monoton\s drudg]y ( tea*+ cont9ually :at no "o wants to le>n4 ,be=e ! ,w>1 ! ,presid5t ( ! ,briti% ,association compla9$ t education 0 un9t]e/+ alike to pupils1 tea*]s & p>5ts4 ,t is :y we are always le>n+ & nev] kn[+1 & :y tea*]s ex]t !mselves to inv5t a #8,play ,way1' :y h&icrafts1 #8,eurhy?mics' & ! l are (f]$1 n z adjuncts to1 b z sub/itutes =1 education1 :y our ,public ,s*ools are exhort$ to *ange _! ways & our less] private s*ools are ?reat5$ ) ext9ction4 ,& ) all ?is ! intellig5ce & devotion1 ! en?usiasm & self-sacrific+ zeal ( tea*]s g5]ally is amaz+4 ,!y realise t education is1 n m]ely an int]e/1 b a passion2 & ?is is true n only ( ! heads & ! /affs ( great s*ools b ( ^? hundr$s ( little private s*ools scatt]$ ov] ! c\ntry4 ,we h all he>d ( 8! two ,miss ,prettymans1 :o kept a girls' s*ool at ,silv]bridge4 ,two m b5ignant ladies ?an ! ,miss ,prettymans nev] presid$ ov] su* an e/abli%m5t40 ,z = ,miss ,annabella ,prettyman1 ! eld]1 8x 0 consid]$ 444 t %e did all ! ?9k+1 t %e knew m ?an any o!r woman 9 ,b>set%ire1 & t all ! ,prettyman s*emes = education emanat$ f h] m9d4 ,x 0 said1 too1 by ^? :o knew !m be/1 t h] si/]'s good-nature 0 z no?+ to h]s1 t %e 0 ! mo/ *>itable1 ! mo/ lov+1 ! mo/ consci5ti\s ( s*oolmi/resses40 ,to be sure ,miss ,ann1 ! y\ng] si/]1 knew m ab\t ,roman ,hi/ory & ,roman ,law ?an ab\t curr5t hi/ory & ,engli% ,law1 b :at w\ld y h8 ,"h 0 a type ( s*ool ) :i* ,trollope 0 famili> g5]ations ago1 & p]haps x w\ld n be h>d to f9d su* ano!r s*ool 9 e #8,silv]bridge' ( to-day4 ,to-day1 h[ev]1 we are uneasy1 & 9 our unre/ produce 8,joan & ,pet]0 types ( education2 t is1 small s*ools indulge 9 freaks & great s*ools ) mu* reason to believe 9 !mselves are aw>e ( a hit* some:]e1 = !y fail to turn out _m boys or girls :o h intellectual int]e/s1 or h t flexibility ( m9d :i* ,mat!w ,arnold tells u _! ,academy gives to our neighb\rs across ! ,*annel4 ,!re is t bugbe> ( #8,pelmanism' urg+ a *>ge ( inadequacy aga9/ our me?ods2 !re is always "s new book by a man :o br+s rail+ accusations aga9/ 8 p>ticul> s*ool2 & "h is a temp]$ prote/ f ,colonel ,rep+ton :i* is tell+3-- 8,:5 ,i look back ^u ,eton s*ool+ ,i reg>d x ) mix$ feel+s1 = ,i lov$ my five ye>s at ,eton1 glori$ 9 its beauties & traditions1 & 0 9 upp] division :5 ,i left4 ,b all ! same ,i 0 consci\s t ,eton 0 n tea*+ me ! ?+s t ,i want$ to "k1 & 0 try+ to tea* me ?+s t revolt$ me1 p>ticul>ly ma!matics & classics4 ,i want$ to le>n hi/ory1 geography1 mod]n languages1 lit]ature1 sci5ce1 & political economy1 & ,i _h a v poor *ance at ,eton ( obta9+ any?+ b a smatt]+ ( any "o ( !m4 ,i d n agree t we le>nt no?+ or 7 lazy4 ,we work$ v h>d1 b at :at1 to my m9d1 7 useless ?+s1 &1 ) my feet plant$ firmly 9 ! gr\nd1 ,i resi/$ 9 a muli% way all attempts to tea* me dead languages & high] ma!matics4 ,i believe t ,i 0 "r4 ,classics h left no?+ ) me b "s ideas t ,i c\ld h le>nt bett] f a crib40 ,probably ! writ] is mi/ak5 z to :at he owes to ,eton4 ,)\t ^? five ye>s he might n h become ! au?ority on ! !ory & practice ( w> he is admitt$ to be4 ,:o kn[s h[ mu* #8,cs>' may h influ5c$ him z a small boy6 ,no d\bt ,public ,s*ools h _m defects b !y also h ! knack ( turn+ out m5 :o d ! "w ( ! _w4 ,we "k ab\t ! #8play+ fields1' b p]haps :5 all is said x is ! t9cture ( ! classics t e public s*oolboy gets :i* makes him #8to diff]4' ,nev]!less su* prote/s z #8,eton 0 n tea*+ me ! ?+s ,i want$ to "k' des]ve consid]ation4 ,x is easy to condemn ! s*ools1 b ! fact is1 a human be+ is born ) a desire to "k mu* ab\t an enorm\s numb] ( subjects4 ,h[ is ! s*ool "t table to get !m all 9 or an adequate treatm5t ( any "o ( !m8 ,!n1 boys 7& girls too7 (f] a resi/+ m$ium ( extraord9>y d5sity4 ,e boy #8resi/s 9 a muli% way' attempts to tea* him1 n only dead languages & high] ma!matics1 b lit]ature & sci5ce & e subject ! ma/] lab\rs at2 ) ! av]age boy a gallon ( tea*+ produces sc>ce a gill ( le>n+1 & :at is ! ma/] to d8 ,x is some?+ to "k1 h[ev]1 t beh9d all ?is #8muli%ness' !re is avidity = k1 n s mu* = ! "r sort 7e sort is ! "r sort71 b put 9 ! "r way1 & we _c say t e way is ! "r way4 ,i put be=e ! read] :at we 7( ! ,p4,n4,e4,u47 h done t[>ds ! solution ( ?is educational problem ) s9c]e diffid5ce1 b also ) c\rage1 because ,i "k t no p]sons are m op5 to conviction on reasonable gr\nds ?an are _m di/+ui%$ ,headma/]s & ,mi/resses2 may !y1 if conv9c$1 h ! c\rage ( _! convictions6 ,s little is kn[n ab\t ! behavi\r ( m9d t x is op5 to anyone to make discov]ies 9 ?is t]ra incognita4 ,i speak1 n ( psy*ology1 ( :i* we he> a great deal & "k v little1 b ( m9d itself1 ^: ways are subtle & evasive2 nev]!less t education only is valid :i* has m9d = its objective4 ,! initial difficulty is ! enorm\s field ( k to :i* a *ild ought to be introduc$ 9 "r ( 8 human nature & ( ^? 8fir/ born aff9ities0 :i* he lives to make good4 ,fir/ & *iefe/ is ! k ( ,god1 to be got at mo/ directly ?r\gh ! ,bible2 !n comes ! k ( man1 to be got ?r\gh hi/ory1 lit]ature1 art1 civics1 e?ics1 biography1 ! drama1 & languages2 & la/ly1 s mu* k ( ! univ]se z %all expla9 to "s ext5t ! ph5om5a we are famili> ) & give a nam+ acqua9tance at any rate ) birds & fl[]s1 />s & /ones2 nor c ?is k ( ! univ]se be c>ri$ f> 9 any direction )\t ! ord]+ ( ma!matics4 ,! programme is imm5se & s*ool life is limit$4 ,:at we may call ! #8,academic' solution ( ! problem is1--tea* a boy to "k "o ?+ ?or\ghly1 say1 ,greek or ,*emi/ry or ,ma!matics1 & y give him ! key to all k4 ,!re=e1 we are told1 x is n :at y "k t matt]s1 b h[ y le>n x2 & a gramm> gr9d1 a ma!matics gr9d or a laboratory #8/unt1' ) a few odd matt]s ?r[n 91 is suppos$ to answ] all ! purposes ( education4 ,! plan answ]s fairly well ) ! doz5 be/ boys or girls 9 any s*ool1 because ^! are s ke5 & intellig5t t !y =age = !mselves 9 v>i\s directions2 b x does n answ] ) ! av]age pupil1 & he is com+ 9 = 8 %>e ( public att5tion4 ,%ortly we %all h a new rule1--e s*ool mu/ educate e s*ol> 9 ! ?ree sorts ( k prop] to him z a human be+4 ,:at is k8 "s "o w say1 & !re is no pat1 neatly-fram$ answ] to be giv52 only ?is we c ass]t1--,k is t :i* we "k2 & ! le>n] kn[s only by a def9ite act ( kn[+ :i* he p]=ms = himself4 ,b appall+ incuria blocks ! way4 ,boys & girls d n want to "k2 !re=e !y d n "k2 & _! future intellectual requirem5ts w be satisfi$ by bridge at night & golf by day4 ,x has come to u ( ! ,p>5ts' ,union ,s*ool to discov] great avidity = k 9 *ildr5 ( all ages & ( e class1 toge!r ) an equally rem>kable p[] ( att5tion1 ret5tion1 & intellectual reaction ^u ! pabulum consum$4 ,! p[] :i* comes into play 9 ! fir/ place is1 ( c\rse1 att5tion1 & e *ild ( any age1 ev5 ! s-call$ #8backw>d' *ild seems to h unlimit$ p[] ( att5tion :i* acts )\t m>k1 prize1 place1 praise or blame4 ,?is fact cle>ly recognis$ op5s great possibilities to ! tea*]2 ?\gh 8 fir/ impulse be to d5y /atem5ts :i* seem to him sweep+ & absurd4 ,b ! education ( ! future w probably (f] u intellectual assets 9 human nature z surpris+ z ! e?ical values exhibit$ by ! ,w>4 ,we h n atta9$ b ,i ?9k we are on ! way to atta9m5t4 ,aft] ov] a qu>t] ( a c5tury ( exp]im5t on a wide scale & consequ5t rese>*1 we h discov]$ :at *ildr5 are able to "k & desire to "k2 :at _! m9ds w act ^u 9 ! ways ( judgm5t & imag9ation2 :at !y are incapable ( kn[+2 & "u :at conditions k mu/ be (f]$ to !m4 ,we d n want a #8play-way1' nor ne$ we sub/itute arts & crafts or eurhy?mics or ev5 #8rugg]' & ! swimm+ ba?1 z ?+s t boys take to1 :]eas le>n+ goes aga9/ ! gra94 ,physical & me*anical tra9+ are necess>y = ! up-br++ ( ! "y1 b let u reg>d !m = ! mom5t z tra9+ r ?an education1--:i* ought to conc]n itself ) ?+s ( ! m9d4 ,education z we "k x is admirably design$ to #8develop ! faculties'2 b if 8,all t's an explod$ idee10 if !re be no faculties to develop1 b only m9d1--al]t1 self-active1 discrim9at+1 logical1 capable alike ( great flights & ( m9ute processes--we mu/ necess>ily alt] our educational tactics4 ,m9d is b5efitt$ by occasional gymna/ics j z is #8,bro!r ,body1' b _c subsi/ on ^! any m ?an #8,body' c live on ,sw$i% drill4 ,z ,i h said1 k1 t is1 r\ghly1 ideas clo!d ^u ) facts1 is ! prop] pabulum = m9d4 ,?is food a *ild requires 9 l>ge quantities & 9 great v>iety4 ,! wide syllabus ,i h 9 view is int5d$ 9 e po9t to meet "s p>ticul> dem& ( ! m9d1 & ! curi\s ?+ is t 9 a syllabus embrac+ a score ( subjects ! "y le>n] is q unconfus$1 makes no h[l]s1 & nev] mixes1 say1 a fact ( ,engli% ) a fact ( ,fr5* hi/ory4 ,aga91 we h made a r /range discov]y1--t ! m9d refuses to "k any?+ except :at rea*es x 9 m or less lit]>y =m4 ,x is n surpris+ t ?is %\ld be true ( *ildr5 & p]sons accu/om$ to a lit]>y atmosph]e b t x %\ld be s ( ignorant *ildr5 ( ! slums po9ts to a curi\s fact 9 ! behavi\r ( m9d4 ,p]sons c #8get up' ! drie/ ( pulv]is$ text-books & en\gh ma!matics = "s public exam9ation2 b ^! atta9m5ts d n appe> to t\* ! region ( m9d4 ,:5 we get a "y ,pascal :o ent]s volunt>ily & eag]ly into ! /udy ( ma!matics he f9ds himself 9 a region ( high ?9k+ & self-exi/5t law ( ! v nature ( poetry2 m9ds ( ?is calibre ass]t !mselves2 b ?is is a gift & does n come ( plodd+4 ,= ! g5]al run ( s*ol>s probably ! 8,association ( ,head ,mi/resses0 are "r & a less exact+ /&>d %\ld be set = public exam9ations4 ,( ,natural ,sci5ce1 too1 we h to le>n t ! way into ! secrets ( nature is n ?r\gh ! b>b$ wire entanglem5ts ( sci5ce z %e is taught b ?r\gh field "w or o!r imm$iate *annel1 illu/rat$ & illum9at$ by books ( lit]>y value4 ,! ,fr5* ,academy 0 f\nd$ to advance ,sci5ce & ,art1 a fact :i* may acc\nt = ! *>m+ lucidity & ! exquisite prose ( _m ,fr5* books on sci5tific subjects4 ,! m9d is a crucible :i* br+s enorm\s p[] to act on :at is put into x b has no p[] to di/il f s& & sawdu/ ! pure ess5ce ( ideas4 ,s mu* = ! mann] ( food :i* t organism 7if ,i may be all[$ ! figure7 call$ ! m9d requires = its daily subsi/5ce4 ,h[ v>i\s ?is su/5ance mu/ be ,i h already indicat$ & we rememb] h[ urg5tly ,dr4 ,arnold insi/$ on #8v v>i\s read+' 9 ! ?ree p>ts ( k1 k ( ,god1 ( man1 & ( ! univ]se4 ,b ! m9d 0 a deceiv] ev]4 ,e tea*] kn[s h[ a class w occupy itself dilig5tly by ! h\r & accompli% no?+1 ev5 ?\gh ! boys ?9k !y h be5 read+4 ,we all "k h[ ill we c\ld /& an exam9ation on ! daily pap]s ov] :i* we pore4 ,details fail u1 we c say1--8,did y see su* & su* an article80 b are n able to outl9e its cont5ts4 ,we try to rem$y ?is vagu5ess 9 *ildr5 by mak+ !m take d[n1 & get up1 notes ( a giv5 lesson3 b we accompli% little4 ,! m9d appe>s to h an out] c\rt into :i* matt] c be tak5 & aga9 expell$ )\t ev] hav+ ent]$ ! inn] place :]e p]sonality dwells4 ,"h we h ! secret ( le>n+ by rote1 a purely me*anical ex]cise ( :i* no satisfactory acc\nt has be5 giv51 b :i* leaves ! pati5t1 or pupil1 unaffect$4 ,mo/ tea*]s "k ! dre>9ess ( piles ( ex]cises into :i* no /ray note ( p]sonality has escap$4 ,n[ !re is a natural provision aga9/ ?is m]e skimm+ ( ! gr\nd by ! educational pl\gh4 ,give *ildr5 ! sort ( k t !y are fitt$ to assimilate1 s]v$ 9 a lit]>y m$ium1 & !y w pay great att5tion4 ,:at next8 ,a clev] que/ionnaire8 ,que/ions1 z ,dr4 ,johnson told u1 are an intrusion & a bore2 b "h we h a ^w ( anci5t wisdom = our guidance2 8,! m9d c "k no?+ except :at x c express 9 ! =m ( an answ] to a "q put by ! m9d to itself40 ,obs]ve1 n a "q put by an outsid]1 b1 put by ! m9d to itself4 ,we all "k ! trick ( x4 ,if we want to tell ! sub/ance ( a conv]sation1 a s]mon1 a lecture1 we #8g ov] x 9 our m9ds' fir/ & ! m9d puts its "q to itself1 ! same "q ov] & ov] aga91 no m ?an1--,:at next8--& lo1 we h x1 ! :ole ?+ complete6 ,we rememb] h[ "o ( ,burke's pamphlets1 by no means light affairs1 0 told almo/ v]batim at a ,college supp]4 ,we admire su* a feat & ?9k x q out ( our rea* b x is ! sort ( ?+ t any boy or girl ( fifte5 c\ld d if all[$ to read ! pamphlet only once2 a second read+ w\ld be fatal because no "o c give full att5tion to t :i* he has he>d be=e & expects to he> aga94 ,att5tion w g halt all its days if we accu/om x to ! crut*4 ,we z tea*]s (f5d deeply 9 ?is matt]4 ,we ?9k t we %all be he>d = our mu* speak+ & we repeat & en=ce1 expla9 & illu/rate1 n altoge!r because we love ! s\nd ( our own voices1 b because we depreciate k1 we depreciate *ildr51 & we d n und]/& t ! m9d & k are z ! two memb]s ( a ball & socket jo9t1 ea* ( !m irrelevant )\t ! o!r4 #8,education' w h turn$ ov] a new leaf once we realise t k is to ! m9d z food is to ! body1 )\t :i* ! "o fa9ts & flags & ev5tually p]i%es z surely z does ! o!r4 ,! way to br+ ?is panaca into use is exce$+ly simple4 ,let ! *ild 7up to any age :ile he is an infant 9 ! eye ( ! law7 tell :at he has read 9 :ole or 9 "p on ! in/ant1 & aga91 9 an exam9ation pap] mon?s lat]4 #8,m]e v]bal memory1' "s read] w say1 & !re is no answ] to be giv5 b t :i* "o mu/ give to oneself4 ,let ! objector read an essay ( ,lamb's1 say1 or ( ,mat!w ,arnold's1 ,lycidas or ! #8rav5' sc5e 9 ,b>naby ,rudge & !n put himself to sleep or wile away an anxi\s or a dull h\r by tell+ to himself :at he has read4 ,! result w be disappo9t+2 he w h =gott5 ?is & t turn ( ?\ght1 l9k 9 ! *a9 ( argum5t1 b he w "k ! :ole ?+ 9 a surpris+ way2 ! incid5ts1 ! figures1 ! delicate play ( ?\ght 9 ! au?or w be br\ght out 9 8 m9d l ! figures 9 ! l[ relief :i* ! sculptor produces f 8 block4 ,he f9ds he has tak5 9 #8m9d /uff' :i* w come into use 9 a ?\s& ways p]haps z long z he lives4 ,"h we get ! m9d =ces :i* mu/ act cont9u\sly 9 education1--att5tion1 assimilation1 n>ration1 ret5tion1 reproduction4 ,b :at ( reason1 judgm5t1 imag9ation1 discrim9ation1 all ! corps ( #8faculties' 9 ^: beho( ! tea*] has hi!rto lab\r$8 ,^! take c>e ( !mselves & play z naturally & involunt>ily ^u ! k we receive ) att5tion & fix by n>ration z d ! dige/ive organs ^u duly ma/icat$ food-/uff = ! body4 ,we mu/ fe$ ! m9d z ! body fitly & freely2 & ! less we m$dle ) ! dige/ive processes 9 ! "o z 9 ! o!r ! m heal?y ! life we %all su/a94 ,x is an inf9itely great ?+1 t m9d ( man1 pres5t 9 complet5ess & p[] 9 ev5 ! dulle/ ( our pupils2 ev5 ( him x may be said1-- 8,d>kness may b\nd 8 ,eyes1 n 8 ,imag9ation4 ,9 8 ,b$ he may lie1 l ,pompey & 8 ,sons1 9 all qu>t]s ( ! ,e>?1 may speculate ! ,univ]se1 & enjoy ! :ole ,_w 9 ! ,h]mitage ( ,himself40 ,we are pay+ 9 our education ( to-day = ! wave ( mat]ialism t spread ov] ! c\ntry a hundr$ ye>s ago4 ,p d n take ! tr\ble to be def9itely mat]iali/ic n[1 b our educational ?\ght has receiv$ a tr5d :i* c>ries u :i!r we w\ld n4 ,any apo/le ( a new me?od is welcome to u4 ,we h ceas$ to believe 9 m9d1 & ?\gh we w\ld n say 9 s _m words t 8! bra9 secretes ?\ght z ! liv] secretes bile10 yet ! physical bra9 r ?an ! spiritual m9d is our objective 9 education2 !re=e1 8?+s are 9 ! saddle & ride mank9d10 & we h come to believe t *ildr5 are inaccessible to ideas or any k4 ,! message = our age is1 ,believe 9 m9d1 & let education g /raight z a bolt to ! m9d ( ! pupil4 ,! use ( books is a necess>y coroll>y1 because no "o is arrogant en\gh to believe he c tea* e subject 9 a full curriculum ) ! orig9al ?\ght & exact k %[n by ! man :o has writt5 a book on p]haps 8 life-/udy4 ,b ! tea*] is n mov$ by arrogance b by a desire to be s]viceable4 ,he believes t *ildr5 _c und]/& well-writt5 books & t he mu/ make ( himself a bridge betwe5 ! pupil & ! real tea*]1 ! man :o has writt5 ! book4 ,n[ we h prov$ t *ildr51 ev5 *ildr5 ( ! slums1 are able to und]/& any book suitable = _! age3 t is1 *ildr5 ( eight or n9e w grasp a *apt] 9 ,pilgrim's ,progress at a s+le read+2 *ildr5 ( f\rte51 "o ( ,lamb's ,essays or a *apt] 9 ,e!n1 boys & girls ( sev5te5 w #8tell' ,lycidas4 ,giv5 a book ( lit]>y quality suitable to _! age & *ildr5 w "k h[ to deal ) x )\t elucidation4 ,( c\rse !y w n be able to answ] que/ions because que/ions are an imp]t95ce :i* we all res5t1 b !y w tell y ! :ole ?+ ) little t\*es ( individual p]sonality 9 ! n>rative4 ,p]haps ?is is ! key to ! enorm\s difficulty ( humani/ic tea*+ 9 ,engli%4 ,we are no long] ov]p[]$ by ! mass ( ! #8humanities' confront$ ) ! sl[ process ( gett+ a *ild to take 9 any?+ at all ( ! au?or he is read+4 ,! sl[ process is an inv5tion ( our own4 ,let ! boy read & he kn[s1 t is1 if he mu/ tell aga9 :at he has read4 ,?is1 ( tell+ aga91 s\nds v simple b x is really a magical creative process by means ( :i* ! n>rator sees :at he has conceiv$1 s def9ite & s impressive is ! act ( n>rat+ t :i* has be5 read only once4 ,i dwell on ! s+le read+ because1 let me repeat1 x is impossible to fix att5tion on t :i* we h he>d be=e & "k we %all he> aga94 ,treat *ildr5 9 ?is reasonable way1 m9d to m9d2 n s mu* ! m9d ( ! tea*] to t ( ! *ild1--t w\ld be to ex]cise undue influ5ce--b ! m9ds ( a score ( ?9k]s :o meet ! *ildr51 m9d to m9d1 9 _! sev]al books1 ! tea*] p]=m+ ! graceful (fice ( pres5t+ ! "o en?usia/ic m9d to ! o!r4 ,9 ?is way *ildr5 cov] an incr$ible am\nt ( gr\nd 9 ! "t at _! disposal4 ,p]haps !re is no bett] way ( measur+ a p]son ( lib]al education ?an by ! numb] ( sub/antives he is able to use ) famili>ity & discrim9ation4 ,we rememb] h[ ,scott tri$ a score ( op5+s ) ! man on ! coa* & got no fur!r until he hit ^u #8b5t lea!r'2 !n ! talk w5t m]rily = ! man 0 a saddl]4 ,we h all _h su* exp]i5ces & "k to our %ame t we ourselves h victimis$ int]locutors :o h n be5 able to f9d our p>ticul> #8b5t lea!r4' ,n[1 ?is is a matt] = tea*]s to consid]4 ,!re are a ?\s& subjects on :i* we %\ld h def9ite k & be able to speak ) intellig5ce2 &1 inde$1 d we n set #8g5]al k' pap]s1 ) ! result t boys & girls are #8out' = scrappy in=mation & provide mat]ial = comic p>agraphs8 ,!re is no rem$y = ?is /ate ( ?+s b a great deal ( consecutive read+ f v v>i\s books1 all ( "s lit]>y value2 & ?is we f9d c be accompli%$ readily 9 s*ool h\rs because "o read+ is suffici5t2 nor %\ld !re be any revision = ! di/ant exam9ation4 ,"h is an uncorrect$ li/ ( #bjj names1 us$ ) ease & fitness 9 an exam9ation on "o t]m's "w by a *ild ( elev5 9 ,=m ,,ii4 ,ab9adab1 ,a!nian1 ,anne ,boleyn1 ,act ( ,uni=mity1 ,act ( ,supremacy1 ,am]ica1 ,au/ria1 ,alcibiades1 ,a!ns1 ,auckl&1 ,au/ralia1 ,alex&ria1 ,alhambra4 ,bible1 ,bi%op ( ,ro*e/]1 ,b>on1 ,bean-%oots1 ,bluff1 ,b[5 ,falls1 ,bi%oprics1 ,bl9d ,bay1 ,burano4 ,currants1 ,cupid1 ,ca?olic1 ,c\rt ( ,high ,commission1 ,cranm]1 ,*>les ,v1 ,colonies1 ,conv5t1 ,claude1 ,calais1 ,cook ,/rait1 ,cant]bury ,pla91 ,*ri/*ur*1 ,ca!dral1 ,canals1 ,caliph ( ,egypt1 ,c\rt ( ! ,myrtles1 ,columbus1 ,cordova4 ,david1 ,def5d] ( ! ,fai?1 ,duke ( ,guise1 ,dun$91 ,doge's ,palace4 ,engl&1 ,emp]or1 ,empire1 ,egmont 7,c\nt71 ,engli% ,settlem5t4 ,fl\r1 ,fruits1 ,fr5*1 ,francis ,i1 ,francis ( ,guise1 ,f]d9&1 ,foveau ,/rait1 ,fu*sias1 ,fiords1 ,f]ns4 ,greek1 ,g]many1 ,gondolas1 8,gates ( ! ,damsels10 ,gondoli]s1 ,granada1 ,gate ( ,ju/ice1 ,gypsies4 ,h5ry ,,viii1 ,hi/ory1 ,hoop]1 ,h5ry ,,ii1 ,hung>y1 ,haeckel4 ,israel1 ,italian 7language71 ,italy1 ,infusoria4 ,jesse1 ,jona?an1 ,joseph1 ,john1 ,j]usalem1 ,james1 ,jane ,seym\r4 ,k+ ( ,d5m>k1 ,k+ ( ,scotl&1 ,kiwi4 8,love-9-idl5ess10 ,"l ,*ancellor1 ,"l ,burleigh1 ,"l ,rob]t ,dudley1 ,lime1 ,lyttleton1 ,n4,z41 ,lake ,tango4 ,m>y 7,! ,virg971 ,m 7,sir ,?omas71 ,music1 ,m>tyr's ,memorial1 ,milan1 ,metz1 ,mona/]y1 ,m>y1 ,que5 ( ,scots1 ,m$it]ranean1 ,microscope1 ,mess9a1 ,middle ,isl&1 ,m\nt ,egmont1 ,m\nt ,cook1 ,mil=d ,s\nd1 ,museum1 ,moa1 ,maoris1 ,mussulman1 ,moori% ,k+4 ,naomi1 ,ne!rl&s1 ,nice1 ,new ,zeal&1 ,nor? ,isl&1 ,napi]1 ,nelson4 ,ob]on1 ,ox=d1 ,orion4 ,ph>isees1 ,plants1 ,p>liam5t1 ,puck1 ,pope1 ,prote/ant1 ,poetry1 ,philosophy1 8,paix des ,dames10 ,philip ,,ii1 ,p>is1 ,planets1 8,p9k ,t]races10 ,piazetta1 ,philip ( ,burgundy4 ,que5 ,ca!r9e1 ,que5 ,elizabe?1 ,que5 ,m>y1 ,que5 ,isabella1 ,que5 ,juana4 ,ru?1 ,rob9 ,goodfell[1 ,ridley1 ,re=mation1 ,radiol>ia1 ,rotomaliana 7,lake71 ,rea4 ,saul1 ,samuel1 ,simeon1 ,simon ,pet]1 ,sun%9e1 ,sug>-cane1 ,spices1 ,sultan1 ,spa91 ,/4 ,qu5t91 ,socrates1 ,/>s1 ,sycamore1 ,se$-ball1 ,/ew>t ,isl&1 ,seaports1 ,s\!rn ,alps1 ,scot* ,settlem5t1 ,/4 ,m>k1 ,/4 ,!odore1 ,/4 ,m>ia ,=mosa 7,*ur*71 ,si]ra ,navada4 ,temple1 ,titania1 ,te/am5t1 ,treaty1 ,turks1 ,t\l1 ,?read ,slime1 ,tree ,f]ns1 ,timb] ,trees1 ,trie/e1 ,tol$o4 ,v]dure1 ,v5us 7,planet71 ,volcano1 ,volcanic ,action1 ,v5ice4 ,:eat1 ,wilt%ire1 ,william ,cecil1 ,wals+ham1 ,w+$ ,se$1 ,well+ton1 ,waikato4 ,zac*>ias1 ,zeb$ee4 ,! fitness & simplicity ) :i* ^! sub/antives are employ$ is evid5c$ 9 ! complete sets ( pap]s t foll[4#df ,suppos+ we h succe$$ 9 %ift+ a consci5ti\s & intellig5t tea*] f "o m5tal position to ano!r1 suppose t he give up ! notion ( develop+ #8faculties' because he p]ceives t m9d is complete & suffici5t & wants no?+ b its prop] pabulum2 t1 aga91 he yield 8 place z ! m$ium ( all k because 8 boys are qualifi$ to deal ) k at fir/ h& f ! "r books2 suppose he scrap all ! text-books & comp5diums he has 9 use1 p]ceiv+ t only t curi\s outsid]1 ! v]bal memory1 & n ! m9d1 w cons5t to deal ) ^! dry-z-du/ compilations2 suppose he conc$e t mu* k ( v>i\s sorts & !re=e a wide curriculum is necess>y = ! production ( an intellig5t & magnanim\s citiz52 suppos+ he has prov$ t any boy c face su* a curriculum because all boys h imm5se p[] ( att5tion & are able to "k _! "w aft] a s+le read+1--surely he has /ill "o or two /rongholds t h n be5 attack$6 ,:at he aims at1 he w tell y1 is1 n to op5 av5ues ( approa* to ! subjects ab\t :i* intellig5t citiz5s %\ld "k some?+1 b to give pretty ?or\gh k 9 two or ?ree directions & to turn out /raight ,engli%m52 t is1 he looks ^u s*ool z a nurs]y = ! =mation ( "* r ?an = ! acquisition ( k4 ,z = ! "o or two subjects1 practically1 classics & ma!matics1 ,i h no?+ to say2 ^? subjects are ( real value & also "u exi/+ regulations pretty high atta9m5ts 9 !m are necess>y z a prelim9>y to pr(essional advancem5t4 ,x is possible t :5 a boy has ! habit ( cov]+ ! gr\nd rapidly he may get m into ! giv5 #8p]iod' & leave a m>g9 = ! wid] range ( subjects prop] to a lib]al education4 ,exp]im5ts 9 ?is direction are be+ tri$ 9 "o ( our great ,gramm> ,s*ools1 & h[ important su* exp]im5ts are to u z a democracy1 ,i ne$ n be at pa9s to %[4 ,!re is e promise t ! #8masses' w le>n to read 9 _! s*ools 9 su* wise z to produce 9 a t]m9al exam9ation z consid]able a li/ ( names z ^? on ! prec$+ page4 ,if ! masses "k #8,san*o ,panza1' ,els9ore1 #8,excalibur1' #8,ros9ante1' #8,mrs4 ,jellaby1' r$/>t1 #8,bevis1' bogbean1--! classes mu/ "k ^! ?+s too ) easy intimacy4 ,if ! "o class is famili> ) ! pictures ( ! ,van ,eycks1 ) #8,comus1' #8,duessa1' #8,b>on ( ,bradw>d9e1' ! o!r class mu/ "k !m too1 & be able to use ! k ) su* effect z does ! #8,hon\rable ,memb]' :5 he quotes a famili> tag f ,horace4 ,he t\*es a spr+ to :i* all he>ts rise1 because allusions to :at we "k are l ! light on #8old famili> faces4' ,:at we want is a common basis ( ?\ght1 su* a gr\nd "w z we get f hav+ read ! same books1 gr[n famili> ) ! same pictures1 ! same musical compositions1 ! same int]e/s2 :5 we h su* a fundam5tal basis1 we %all be able to speak to ea* o!r :e!r 9 public speak+ or common talk2 we %all 8all he> 444 9 our own tongue ! wond]ful works ( ,god0 because we h le>n$ a common spee* ?r\gh ^? :o 9 _! books h liv$ to educate ! race4 ,& h[ p]suasively %all we speak to ^? :o "k1 & !re=e d n pres5t ! dead front ( opposition--! natural res\rce ( ignorance6 ,a democratic education mu/ h new features4 ,we mu/ all be able to #8take ! front' ( m5 & wom5 by speak+ ( t :i* !y h kn[n & felt & already f\nd joy 94 ,s %all we cease to pres5t motives ( self int]e/ & p]sonal advantage z inc5tives to public action2 we %all t\* spr+s ( poetry1 ( h]oism1 to :i* all natures h ! habit ( ris+2 & ?us %all we build 8,j]usalem 9 ,engl&'s gre5 & pleasant l&40 ,t[>ds ?is1 we mu/ h read ! same books1 only 9 ,engli% r ?an 9 ,lat9 or ,greek1 because ! p w probably nev] h "t to atta9 pr(ici5cy 9 ^!2 nei!r1 z a matt] ( fact1 has ! av]age boy at our great s*ools4 ,if we mu/ /ill h an exclusive education to :i* only ! few be/ 9 a s*ool c atta91--& x seems to me t we mu/1 t ?is is1 9 fact1 ! "o ?+ we h a*iev$1 an education t has accompli%$ great results 9 "* & conduct2--b if we w\ld keep ?is possession1 we mu/ at ! same "t broad5 its base & n>r[ its b\nds4 ,we mu/ give wide read+ 9 ! l[] =ms1 read+ t ev]ybody has read1 & we mu/ s compress our classical & ma!matical "w 9 ! high] ,=ms t mu* hi/ory & #8,engli%' may be includ$4 ,i speak )\t au?ority b is x n true t !re is ov]lapp+ 9 ! passage f ,prep>atory to ,public ,s*ool1 f "o ,=m to a high]1 f ! ,six? to ! ,univ]sity8 ,probably x w be f\nd possible to give ! old tra9+ :i* has produc$ su* notable results1 b to make x an inclusive n an exclusive education1 to take 9 ! books :i* ev]yone %\ld "k1 ! pictures ev]yone %\ld be famili> )1 ! hi/ory1 ! travel1 9 :i* we %\ld all be at home1 "s und]/&+ ( ! ph5om5a :i* come be=e u all4 ,once we give up ! notion t education is a developm5t ( ! #8faculties' to be accompli%$ by ! tea*]1 & realize t x is on ! contr>y an appropriation ( wide k :i* ! pupil mu/ get = himself1 !re is "s fe> t ! old exclusive education mu/ g by ! bo>d2 b ?is w\ld be a national calamity4 ,we mu/ keep t to :i* we h atta9$ & add to x ! wide read+ ( a lib]al education4 ,! c>e]s ( #8,joan' & #8,pet]1' z depict$ by ,mr4 ,wells are in/ructive4 ,pet] is n ent]$ = a recognis$ ,public ,s*ool = 8 gu>dian _h _m ?+s aga9/ su* s*ools1 b games are 8 *ief conc]n4 ,lat] we f9d ! two at ,college1 & ( ,joan x is said1 8,no religion has conv9c$ h] ( a purpose 9 h] life1 nei!r ,highmorton nor ,cambridge has sugge/$ any mundane devotion to h] nor po9t$ h] ambitions to a c>e]4 ,! only c>e] ^! fem99e s*ools & ,colleges recogniz$ 0 a c>e] ( academic success & tea*+40 ,! implicit *>ge aga9/ ! s*ools is t !y try ea* 9 its own way to f9d a sub/itute = ! sav+ grace ( k4 ,academic success & k are n ! same ?+ & _m excell5t s*ools fail to give _! pupils delight 9 ! latt] = its own sake or to br+ !m 9 t\* ) ! sort ( k t influ5ces "* & conduct4 ,! sl[1 imp]ceptible1 s9k+-9 ( high ideals is ! ga9 t a good s*ool %\ld yield its pupils4 ,we h1 if n a high]1 yet ano!r /&>d :i* x may be int]e/+ to consid]4 ,we (f] *ildr5 k = its own sake & our pupils discov] t #8/udies s]ve = delight4' ,we d n give our be/ att5tion to brilliant *ildr51 x is n necess>y2 ^! "w well on _! own acc\nt & s d ! av]age & ev5 ! dull pupils4 ,hi/orical *>act]s become real to !m & a fairly wide hi/orical field comes "u _! purview2 !y d n gr[ up 9 crass ignorance ( ! hi/ory ( =eign c\ntries2 !y und]/&1 = example1 ! ,india ( to-day ! bett] because !y h "s slight intimacy ) ,akb> z a contempor>y ( ,elizabe?4 ,!y take to !mselves a lesson f ! y\?ful presumption ( #8,phaton'2 #8,midas' & #8,circe1' ,x]xes & ,p]icles enri* ! backgr\nd ( _! ?\ghts4 ,! sev]al ,=ms get ?r\gh a great deal ( read+ because we h discov]$ t a s+le read+ suffices to secure a cle> k 7z f> z x goes7 ( a subject1 giv5 ! "r book4 ,!re=e1 _m books are necess>y1 & ea* is read consecutively s t ! k acquir$ is n scrappy & insecure4 ,i "k t tea*]s enjoy ! "w set t]m by t]m fully z mu* z d ! *ildr5 & t a s*oolroom life 9 :i* !re is no monotony1 no dulness1 little or no idl5ess or inatt5tion1 does away ) ! necessity to make games ! p>am\nt int]e/ ( ! s*ool--to make !m inde$ a /em necessity r ?an a joy\s relaxation4 ,! introduction ( ! me?ods ,i advocate has a curi\s effect on a :ole family4 ,! old nurse & ! g>d5] are told ( ! adv5tures ( #8,wav]ley4' 8,a4 ,b4 has nam$ a moss h] fa!r pick$ on ! tip-top ( ,b5 ,law]s4 ,x is v r>e & only gr[s on ,b5 ,law]s & "o o!r m\nta94 ,%e is s pleas$10 & s1 no d\bt1 is h] fa!r6 ,! :ole h\sehold ?9ks ( & figures to itself great ?+s1 = no?+ is s cat*+ z k & t f9e temp] ( m9d t k br+s ) x4 ,*ildr5 s taught are delightful companions because !y h l>ge int]e/s & wor?y ?\ghts2 !y h mu* to talk ab\t & su* casual talk b5efits society4 ,! f9e s5se1 l an atmosph]e1 ( ?+s wor? kn[+ & wor? liv+ =1 ?is x is :i* produces magnanim\s citiz5s1 & we feel t ,milton 0 "r 9 claim+ magnanimity z ! prop] outcome ( education4 ,:5 we comp>e ! l>ge numb] ( books1 ( hi/orical & lit]>y p]sonages1 ! range ( natural ph5om5a1 ) :i* *ildr5 br\ght up on ^! l9es are acqua9t$1 ) ! /]ile syllabus1 n v well ma/]$1 :i* is ! s*oolboy's normal f>e1 we f9d matt] = reflection4 ,yet ,i suppose t 9 few ?+s is ! g5]al moral & intellectual progress evid5c$ m ?an 9 ! culture common among ! tea*]s ( second>y s*ools4 ,e ,head kn[s h[ to draw up ! be/ possible syllabus & to secure good "w1 if ^u n>r[ l9es1 b we 7( ! ,p4,n4,e4,u47 "w at an advantage :51 z ,i h said1 we recognise "o or two natural laws4 ,i h no d\bt t "s ( my read]s are int]e/$ 9 ! "w we are do+ 9 ,elem5t>y s*ools1--a "w ! m a/oni%+ because *ildr5 :o h little vocabul>y to beg9 )1 no trace ( lit]>y backgr\nd1 %[ !mselves able to he> or read a "w ( lit]>y value & aft] a s+le read+ to n>rate pages ) _s & accuracy1 n h$g+ at ! longe/ names nor muddl+ complicat$ /atem5ts4 ,?is 0 a revelation to u1 & x signifies t a lit]>y education is op5 to all1 n aft] t$i\s & labori\s prep>ation1 b imm$iately4 ,! p wait only = ! "r books to be put into _! h&s & ! "r me?od to be employ$4 ,let me repeat t we live 9 times critical = ev]ybody1 b em95tly critical = tea*]s1 because x re/s ) !m :e!r p]sonal or g5]al good %all be aim$ at1 :e!r education %all be m]ely a means ( gett+ on1 or a means ( g5]al progress t[>ds high ?9k+ & pla9 liv+1 & !re=e an in/rum5t ( ! greate/ national good4 ,let me beg t ,heads ( s*ools1 s f> 9 sympa?y ) me t !y p]ceive we are at ! p>t+ ( ! ways1 w consid] a me?od :i* br+s promise ( relief4 ,we are 9 a condition1 = example1 to answ] ! que/ions to be consid]$ by ! ,dep>tm5tal ,committee on ,engli%3-- 8,c hi/ory & lit]ature be br\ght into clos] relations ) ! s*ool curriculum ?an is ! case at pres5t8 ,h[ mu* gramm> is necess>y8 ,c\ld n oral composition & drama & debate1 d some?+ to cure our national aphasia8 ,h[ c ! prep>atory s*ools improve _! ,engli% tea*+8 ,h[ c ! s*ool essay be r$eem$ f b>r5ness8 ,h[ c exam9ations be made a te/ ( ,engli% )\t de/roy+ ! love ( lit]ature80 ,^! que/ions might h be5 fram$ ) a view to br+ out ! atta9m5ts ( ! ,p>5ts' ,union ,s*ool4 ,hi/ory1 ,european z well z ,engli%1 runs 9 h>ness ) lit]ature4 ,"s ,syntax is necess>y & a good deal ( :at may be call$ hi/orical ,gramm>1 b1 n 9 ord] to tea* ! art ( correct writ+ & speak+2 ?is is a native art1 & ! beautiful consecutive & eloqu5t spee* ( "y s*ol>s 9 n>rat+ :at !y h read is a ?+ to be li/5$ to n )\t envy4 ,z to aphasia1 to quote a ,director ( ,education on ?is subject1--8,conv]sational read9ess becomes a *>act]i/ic4 ,a qu>t] ( a c5tury ( ^! me?ods ) all ! *ildr5 ( ,engl& & ! /rong sil5t ,engli%man %\ld be a r>e bird60 ,a s*oolma/] rem>ks t 8 big boys are n[ eag] to speak at "s l5g?--a ?+ new 9 8 exp]i5ce4 ,consid] :at an asset ?is %\ld be to a c\ntry ^: safety w dep5d m & m ^u ! p[] 9 ! middle classes ( cle> & conclusive spee*4 ,oral composition is ! habit ( ! s*ool f ! age ( six to eighte54 8,*ildr5 ( t5 :o read ,%akespe>e0 is ! head+ ( an article 9 a local newspap] :i* s5t a report] to inve/igate ! ,p4,n4,e4,u4 me?od at "w 9 a s*ool z ! result ( an article 9 ! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury & ,aft] writt5 by ! ,headma/]4 ,z = prep>atory s*ools1 we c d no m ?an (f] !m a me?od ! results ( :i* 9 tea*+ ,engli% are r surpris+4 ,! f9al "q z to h[ exam9ations may be made a s\rce ( intellectual pr(it is ,i ?9k suffici5tly answ]$ 9 ! ,p4,u4,s4 *ildr5's exam9ation pap]s4 ,we d n invite ,heads ( s*ools to take up "w lightly1 :i* implies a s\nd k ( c]ta9 pr9ciples & z fai?ful a practice4 ,! easy tol]ance :i* holds smil+ly t ev]y?+ is z good z ev]y?+ else1 t "o educational doctr9e is z good z ano!r1 t1 9 fact1 a mixture ( all su* doctr9es gives pretty safe results1--?is sort ( complac5t attitude produces lukew>m ef=t & disappo9t+ progress4 ,i feel /rongly t to attempt to "w ?is me?od )\t a firm adh]5ce to ! few pr9ciples laid d[n w\ld be n only idle b disa/r\s4 8,oh1 we c\ld d any?+ ) books l ^?10 said a ma/]2 he tri$ ! books & fail$ conspicu\sly because he ignor$ ! pr9ciples4 ,we tea*]s are really mode/ & diffid5t & are n prep>$ to say t we are m capable ( h&l+ a subject ?an is a c>efully *os5 au?or :o writes especially ^u t subject4 8,yes1 b10 says a "y & able tea*]1 8we "k bett] h[ to rea* ! m9ds ( *ildr5 ?an does ! mo/ eloqu5t au?or speak+ ?r\gh ! dull pages ( a book40 ,?is is a cont5tion ( :i* we h f9ally dispos$4 ,we h %[n t ! mass ( k1 evok+ vivid imag9ation & s\nd judgm5t1 acquir$ 9 a t]m f ! prop] books1 is _m times z great1 _m times m ?or\ghly visualis$ by ! s*ol>s1 ?an _h !y wait$ ^u ! words ( ! mo/ able & effective tea*]4 ,?is is :y we insi/ ^u ! use ( books4 ,x is n t tea*]s are n em95tly capable b because in=mation does n become k unless a *ild p]=m ! #8act ( kn[+' )\t ! int]v5tion ( ano!r p]sonality4 ,heads ( s*ools are a g5]\s folk & p]haps !y h "s reason to ?9k p>5ts are nigg>dly1 b ! provision ( ! necess>y books by ! p>5ts is a s9e qu non4 ,x is our "p to see to x t books take root 9 ! homes ( our s*ol>s & we mu/ make p>5ts und]/& t x is impossible to give a lib]al education to *ildr5 :o h n a due provision ( v v>i\s books4 ,moreov]1 x is impossible to tea* *ildr5 to spell :5 !y d n read = !mselves2 we he> compla9ts ( ! difficulties ( spell+1 ( ! necessity to d viol5ce to ! language :i* is de> to u all 9 ord] to make #8spell+ made easy'2 b 9 ?\s&s ( cases t come be=e u we f9d t *ildr5 :o use _! books = !mselves spell well because !y visualise ! words !y read4 ,^? :o m]ely li/5 to _! tea*] h no guide 79 ,engli% at any rate7 to ! spell+ ( ! words !y he>4 ,we are1 p]haps1 oppos$ to oral lessons or lectures except by way ( occasional review or introduction4 ,= actual education *ildr5 mu/ d _! own "w out ( _! own books "u ! sympa!tic guidance ( an intellig5t tea*]4 ,we f9d1 ,i may add1 t once p>5ts recognise h[ necess>y a consid]able supply ( books is1 !y make no difficulty ab\t gett+ ^? set 9 our programmes4 ,mr4 ,fi%] says1--8!re are books & text-books10 & ! day is at h& :5 we %all all see t ! latt] are ( no educational value4 ,we r>ely use text-books 9 ! ,p>5ts' ,union ,s*ool b conf9e ourselves z f> z possible to works ) ! imag9ative grasp1 ! t\* ( orig9ality1 :i* di/+ui% a book f a text-book4 ,p]haps we %\ld apologise = ourselves z purveyors n precisely ( books b ( li/s ( books4 ,e headma/] or mi/ress is able to draw up su* li/s1 b ?9k ( ! lab\r ( keep+ "s #agj books 9 circulation ) a numb] ( *anges e t]m6 ,"h is our excuse = (f]+ our s]vices to mu*-occupi$ tea*]s4 ,!re has be5 talk f "t to "t ab\t int]f]+ ) ! lib]ty ( tea*]s to *oose _! own books1 b "o might z well cont5d = ev]yman's lib]ty to make 8 own boots6 ,x is "o ( ^? que/ions ( ! division ( lab\r :i* belong to our civilisation2 & if ! "q ( lib]ty be rais$ at all1 :y %\ld we n g fur!r & let ! *ildr5 *oose _! books8 ,b we "k v well t ! lib]ty we wor%ip is an elusive goddess & t we d n f9d x conv5i5t to d all ^? ?+s we are at lib]ty to d4 ,! t]m9al exam9ations are ( great importance4 ,!y are n m]ely & *iefly te/s ( k b records :i* are likely to be p]man5t4 ,!re are ?+s :i* e *ild mu/ "k1 e *ild1 = ! days h gone by :5 #8! education befitt+ a g5tleman' 0 our aim4 ,! k ( ,god is ! pr9cipal k1 & no tea*+ ( ! ,bible :i* does n fur!r t k is ( religi\s value4 ,!re=e ! *ildr5 read1 or if !y are too "y to read = !mselves ! tea*] reads to !m1 a passage ( v>y+ l5g? cov]+ an incid5t or "s def9ite tea*+4 ,if !re are rem>ks to be made ab\t local geography or local cu/om1 ! tea*] makes !m be=e ! passage has be5 read1 emphasiz+ briefly b rev]5tly any spiritual or moral tru?2 ! *ildr5 n>rate :at has be5 read aft] ! read+2 !y d ?is ) curi\s accuracy & yet ) "s orig9ality1 convey+ ! spiritual tea*+ :i* ! tea*] has indicat$4 ,n[ ?is is no p>rot-ex]cise1 b is ! result ( su* an assimilation ( ! passage t x has become a "p ( ! "y s*ol>4 ,x is only by try+ ! me?od oneself on su* an incid5t1 = example1 z ! visit ( ,nicodemus or ! talk ) ! woman ( ,sam>ia1 t we realise ! wond]ful cle>ness ) :i* ea* incid5t is br\ght out1 ! fullness ( mean+ ) :i* e phrase is inve/$ by su* p]sonal ef=t4 ,?is me?od ( tea*+ is especially valuable 9 deal+ ) ! ,gospel hi/ory1 b none ( u :o read dur+ ! ,w> ! daily lessons appo9t$ by ! ,*ur* c\ld fail to be /ruck by ! fact t ! law & ! prophets /ill int]pret ! ways ( ,god1 & we %all n d well if we tacitly treat ! ,old ,te/am5t z out-(-date z a guide to life4 ,next 9 ord] to religi\s k1 hi/ory is ! pivot ^u :i* our curriculum turns4 ,hi/ory is ! ri* pa/ure ( ! m9d--:i* increases ^u ! k ( m5 & ev5ts &1 m ?an all1 ^u ! s5se ( nationhood1 ! prop] corrective ( ! intol]able individualism ( mod]n education4 ,let ,amyot tell u1-- 8,h[ greatly is ! read+ ( hi/ories to be e/eem$1 :i* is able to furni% u ) m examples 9 "o day1 ?an ! :ole c\rse ( ! longe/ life ( any man is able to d4 ,insomu* t !y :i* ex]cise !mselves 9 read+ z !y ought to d1 al?\gh !y be b "y1 become su* 9 respect ( und]/&+ ( ! affairs ( ?is _w1 z if !y 7 old & grayhead$ & ( long exp]i5ce4 ,yea1 ?\gh !y nev] h remov$ out ( _! h\ses1 yet are !y adv]tis$1 in=m$ & satisfi$ ( all ?+s 9 ! _w40 ,h5ce1 ! great value ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1--hi/ory & poetry1 ! law & ! prophets2 & p]haps no "o 0 m s5sible ( ?is educative value ( ! ,scriptures ?an ,goe!1 ?\gh he 0 little s5sible ( _! m spiritual wor?4 ,we endeav\r to br+ records contempor>y ) ! ,bible be=e *ildr51 us+ ! cont5ts ( c]ta9 ,rooms ( ! ,briti% ,museum z a basis4 ,episodes ( ,greek & ,roman hi/ory come 91 p>tly = _! hi/orical1 p>tly = _! di/9ctly e?ical value4 ,plut>* is1 ( c\rse1 our great au?ority4 87,plut>*7 ha? writt5 ! pr(itable /ory ( all au?ors4 ,= all o!r 7 fa9 to take _! matt]1 z ! =tune ( ! c\ntries :]e( !y wrote fell out3 ,b ?is man be+ excell5t 9 wit1 le>n+1 & exp]i5ce1 ha? *os5 ! special acts ( ! be/ p]sons1 ( ! fam\se/ nations ( ! _w40 7,nor?74 ,engli% ,hi/ory is always ) u1 b only 9 ! e>lie/ ye>s is x /udi$ alone4 ,x is n1 z we "k1 possible always to get ! ideal book1 s we use ! be/ we c f9d & supplem5t ) hi/orical essays ( lit]>y value4 ,lit]ature is h>dly a di/9ct subject1 s closely is x associat$ ) hi/ory1 :e!r g5]al or ,engli%2 & :e!r x be contempor>y or m]ely illu/rative2 & x is a/oni%+ h[ mu* s\nd le>n+ *ildr5 acquire :5 ! ?\ght ( an age is made to syn*ronise ) its political & social developm5ts4 ,a po9t :i* ,i %\ld l to br+ be=e ! read] is ! peculi> "p :i* poetry plays 9 mak+ u aw>e ( ?is ?\ght ( ! ages1 includ+ our own4 ,e age1 e epo*1 has its poetic aspect1 its qu9tess5ce1 z x 71 & happy ! p :o h a ,%akespe>e1 a ,dante1 a ,milton1 a ,burns1 to ga!r up & pres]ve its mean+ z a _w possession4 ,let me repeat t :at is call$ #8composition' is an inevitable consequ5ce ( ?is free yet exact use ( books & requires no special att5tion until ! pupil is old en\gh to take naturally a critical int]e/ 9 ! use ( words4 ,civics takes place z a sep>ate subject1 b x is s closely b\nd up ) lit]ature & hi/ory on ! "o h& & ) e?ics1 or1 :at we call ev]yday morals1 on ! o!r1 t ! division ( subjects is only nom9al4 ,we h consid]$ 9 a previ\s *apt]#dg :at we d = *ildr5 z inhabitants ( a _w ord]$ by natural law4 ,"h we h a cont5tion ) "s tea*]s ( sci5ce :o ma9ta9 t a *ild c only le>n :at he discov]s = himself de novo4 ,! !ory is plausible1 b ! practice is disappo9t+ly n>r[ & inexpansive4 ,! tea*] has got 8 k ?r\gh books2 :y !n are !y taboo = ! *ildr58 ,probably ! reason is t text-books ( sci5ce are dessicat$ to ! la/ degree1 s ! tea*] hopes to make up = _! dryness by famili> talk ab\t ! ,hydra1 = example1 z a creature capable ( close fri5d%ips1 ab\t ! sea-anemone z a #8,granny' ( enorm\s longevity2 t is1 ! int]e/ ( ! subject is made to dep5d ^u side issues4 ,! ,fr5* sci5ti/s "k bett]2 !y p]ceive t z !re is an ess5ce ( hi/ory :i* is poetry s !re is an ess5ce ( sci5ce to be express$ 9 exquisite prose4 ,we h a few books ( ?is "* 9 ,engli% & we use !m 9 ! ,p4,u4,s4 9 conjunction ) field "w & draw+--a great promot] ( en?usiasm = nature4 ,i h already %[n#dg :at we d1 = example1 9 ! way ( af=d+ *ildr5 famili> acqua9tance ) great music & great pictures4 ,an em95t art-deal] 9 ,london paid u a pretty complim5t :5 he said1--8,"l help ! *ildr560 7 our "w to come to an end2 & he _h reason = he _h j sold to ,p4,u4,s4 *ildr5 ?\s&s ( little exquisite reproductions ( c]ta9 pictures by ,velasquez :i* 7 ! /udy ( ! t]m2 no wond] t a man :o loves art & believes 9 x %\ld feel t some?+ wor? :ile 0 be+ done4 ,9 draw+1 ! s*ol>s "w v freely 9 col\r f natural figures & objects & draw sc5es visualis$ 9 ! t]m's read+4 ,we d n tea* draw+ z a means ( self-expression2 ! s*ol>s express1 n !mselves1 b :at !y c see & :at !y conceive4 ,i h already gone into ! tea*+ ( languages2 ! habit ( fix$ att5tion & ready n>ration :i* ! ,p4,u4,s4 pupils acquire %\ld be ( value 9 ?is bran* ( "w1 & ,i believe a new era is op5+ = u & we ,engli% w at la/ become l+ui/s4 ,at ! ,h\se ( ,education ! /ud5ts n>rate 9 ,fr5*1#dh--m readily & copi\sly ?an !y d 9 ,engli%1--! c\rses ( lectures 9 ,fr5* hi/ory & lit]ature :i* =m "p ( _! "w4 ,9 ,g]man & ,italian !y are able to read a sc5e 9 a play & #8tell' ! sc5e 9 "*1 or a %ort passage f a n>rative4 ,we r emphasise ,italian1 ! language is s beautiful & ! lit]ature s ri*1 & ,i %\ld l to sugge/ t s*ools %\ld d ! same4 ,lat9 & ,greek we le>n 9 ! usual ways1 b we apply ! me?od ( n>ration to ! =m]4 ,i mu/ comm5d any fur!r /udy ( ! rationale ( our syllabus to ! read]'s own k9d consid]ation2 he w p]ceive t we h a pr9ciple ( correlation 9 ?+s ess5tial1 b no fatigu+ practice ( x 9 detail4 ,b to "o m /atem5t1 a v d>+ "o1 ,i beg = fav\rable att5tion4 ,! common !ory & practice ( education are on trial4 ,x is idle to #8develop ! faculties' if !re be no faculties1 b only m9d1 :i*1 l ,wordswor?'s cl\d1 moves altoge!r :5 x moves at all4 ,!re=e1 ^? subjects ^: raison d'tre is to develop ?is & ! o!r faculty are practically out ( c\rt & we mu/ seek ano!r basis = education4 ,subjects ( in/ruction :i* w\ld be valuable if reason1 judgm5t1 imag9ation1 _h to be #8develop$' become z m]etrici\s1 z mu* #8accompli%m5ts1' z ^? e>ly ,victorian accompli%m5ts ov] :i* we make m]ry4 ,education mu/ be 9 t\* ) life4 ,we mu/ le>n :at we desire to "k4 ,nobody talks to 8 fri5d ab\t #8/9ks1' ab\t ! niceties ( ,greek acc5ts1 nor1 unless ! two be ma!maticians1 ab\t surds4 ,b1 :5 ,jupit] is regnant1 h[ good to tell & to le>n6 ,:at a welcome companion is he :o c di/+ui% betwe5 songs t diff] 9 ! vesp]s ( ! birds6 ,h[ grateful ! company ( ! read] ( hi/ory :o br+s =w>d p>allels to episodes 9 ! great ,w>6 ,we are apt to "w = "o ?+ 9 ! hope t we %all get ano!r & a v diff]5t ?+2 we don't4 ,if we "w = public exam9ations1 ! que/ions 9 :i* mu/ be ( a n>r[ academic ca/1 we get a n>r[1 accurate1 some:at /]ile type ( m9d4 ,we reap z we h s[n4 ,! future ( ,engl& dep5ds l>gely ^u ,second>y s*ools2 let ! ,heads ( ^! lay out a lib]al field ( /udy & a/oni%+ly fair ?+s w gr[ 9 t g>d5 ( m9d 9 :i* we are invit$ to s[ ! se$s ( all k4 ,my bold proposal is t ! ,heads ( ,second>y ,s*ools f ! lea/ to ! greate/ %\ld adopt a s*eme ( "w foll[+ ! l9es ,i h indicat$1 faute de mieux1 t ( ! ,p>5ts' ,union ,s*ool1 & t !y %\ld d ?is = ! nation's sake4 ,mr4 ,masefield rem>ks1-- 8,!re c be no great art )\t great fable4 ,great art c only exi/ :]e great m5 brood int5sely on some?+ ^u :i* all m5 brood a little4 ,)\t a popul> body ( fable !re c be no unselfi% art 9 any c\ntry4 ,%akespe>e's art 0 selfi% till he turn$ to ! great tales 9 ! f\r mo/ popul> books ( 8 "t1 ,hol9%$1 ,nor?'s ,plut>*1 ,c9?io & ,de ,belle=e/4 ,s9ce ! newspap] became p[]ful1 topic has supplant$ fable & subject comes to ! arti/ untrimm$ & unlit by ! vitality ( _m m9ds40 ,x is ?is vitality ( _m m9ds t we aim at secur+ & entreat educational work]s & ?9k]s to jo9 9 =m+ a common body ( ?\ght :i* %all make ,engl& great 9 art no d\bt1 & also great 9 life4 ,?is is ! way to make great m5 & n by petty ef=ts to =m "* 9 ?is direction or 9 t4 ,let u take x to ourselves t great "* comes out ( great ?\ghts1 & t great ?\ght mu/ be initiat$ by great ?9k]s2 !n we %all h a def9ite aim 9 education4 ,?9k+ & n do+ is ! s\rce ( "*4 7,"h foll[$ a set ( exam9ation answ]s 9 ea* =m4 ,space =bids _! inclusion b specim5 sets c be se5 at ! ,p4,n4,e4,u4 ,(fice47 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,! ,,scope ,,( ,,cont9uation ,,s*ools ,a hundr$ ye>s ago1 ab\t ! close ( ! ,napoleonic w>s1 !re 0 su* ano!r /irr+ among ! dry bones z we are aw>e ( to-day4 ,all ! _w knew !n1 z n[1 t w> 0 ! outcome ( ! wrong ?9k+ ( ignorance1 & t education 0 ! no/rum = m9ds diseas$4 ,prussia l$ ! way2 n ! *ildr5 b ! "y p 7 ! imm$iate conc]n ( ,/atesm51 &1 guid$ by ! philosophy ( ,fi*te1 & organis$ "u ! /atesman%ip ( ,/e91 t noble league ( y\?1 ! ,tug5dbund1 came into be+4 ,prussia 0 mis]ably impov]i%$1 b h] conc]n 0 n ) ! arts :i* %\ld make h] ri*2 h] "y p look$ to philosophic pr9ciples = precept & to hi/ory = example1 &1 x 0 well ) ! l&4 ,n only 9 ,prussia b ?r\gh\t we/]n ,europe !re 0 a m or less active intellectual r5aissance1 b1 :e!r because ! times 7 n ripe or ! peoples 7 n wor?y1 ! high ideals ( ! e>ly days ( ! c5tury 7 sup]s$$ by ! utilit>ian motive4 ,:5 ! #8,cont9uation ,s*ool' movem5t reviv$1 envy ( ! comm]cial & manufactur+ successes ( ,engl& actuat$ ! new ef=t2 & already 9 #ahbi a ,bav>ian /atesman _h ann\nc$ t if y w\ld h ! fruit y mu/ s[ ! se$1 t is1 manufactur+ success is to be _h only at ! co/ ( te*nical education4 ,we all "k ! result 9 ! great ,muni* s*ools :]e fir/-rate organisation & admirable tea*+ h produc$ an appreciable effect ^u ,g]man indu/ries4 ,b ! be/ ,g]man m9ds h long be5 aw>e t 8an education :i* has p[]ful economic int]e/s beh9d x is apt to become too n>r[ly utilit>ian 9 motive & to lose t ideal elem5t :i* gives all education its *ief p[] ov] "*40 ,z ,mr4 ,lecky has said conc]n+ morals1 8! ,utilit>ian !ory is pr(\ndly immoral40 ,! occasion br\ght =? ! man2 we "k h[ 9 #aijj ,dr4 ,kirs*5/e9] *anc$ to see ! ann\ncem5t ( a prize (f]$ = an essay on ! be/ way ( tra9+ y\?4 ,he wrote ! essay1 0 cr[n$ by ! ,academy ( 8 c\ntry1 & t essay 9 pamphlet =m has influ5c$ op9ion & direct$ action ?r\gh\t ! we/3 ,pr(essors ,dewey & ,/anley ,hall 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,dr4 ,arm/rong & ,sir ,philip ,magnus at home1 are among its lead+ expon5ts4 ,& :at 0 ! note ( ?is new gospel ( education8 ,practically t same note :i* _h proce$$ f ,engl&1 ,france1 ,switz]l&1 a c5tury e>li]3 a utilit>ian education %\ld be univ]sal & compulsory2 *ild & adolesc5t %\ld be 8saturat$ ) ! _s ( s]vice1 provid$ ) ! in/rum5ts ( effective self-direction40 ,behold1 ,utopia at h&6 e "y p]son fitt$1 body & s\l1 = ! uses ( society2 z = 8 own uses1 :at he %\ld be 9 & = himself--:y1 :at matt]8 ,x is n t ! em95t educationali/s ,i h ref]r$ to w\ld will+ly sacrifice ! individual y\? to society2 on ! contr>y !y w\ld raise him1 give him place & p[]1 give him opportunity2 place 8 feet on ! rungs ( t ladd] we us$ to he> ab\t2 b we h all be5 misl$ by mi/ak5 views z to ! function ( education4 ,we h believ$ t k may be d]iv$ f s5sation1 t :at we h se5 ) our eyes & our h&s h h&l$ af=ds u ! nutrim5t our s\ls dem&4 ,no d\bt a boy uses 8 m9d to "s purpose :5 he makes1 = example1 an +5i\s model2 &1 see+ m9d at "w1 we run away ) ! notion t food & "w are synonym\s t]ms2 = ! body !y may be s 9 a c]ta9 s5se1 = "w br+s pay & pay buys food1 b no su* indirect transaction is possible to m9d2 a m9d p]petually at heavy "w is a sort ( intellectual navvy1 ^: food mu/ be proportion$ to 8 lab\r4 ,our great /atesm51 ,glad/one1 ,"l ,salisbury & o!rs1 knew ?is1 & _! wide & deep read+ 9 o!r matt]s ?an politics %\ld n occasion surprise4 ,! ,w> has =c$ new ideas ^u u2 we beg91 = in/ance1 to realise ! avidity ( ! adult m9d = in/ruction2 x 0 />tl+ to read ( #a1ejj soldi] c&idates = tw5ty vacant places 9 a c]ta9 class4 ,we beg9 to see t m9d1 ! m9d ( all sorts & conditions ( m51 requires its rations1 :olesome & regul>ly s]v$4 ,z ?+s are we %all h to see to x t ev]ybody gets f$2 b our hope is t h5ce=? we %all br+ up our "y p ) self-su/a9+ m9ds1 z well z self-su/a9+ bodies1 by a due ord]+ ( ! process ( education4 ,we hope s to awak5 & direct m9d hung] t e man's m9d w look aft] itself4 ,:at is ! prop] food ( m9d1 has already be5 discuss$ b we may assume t education %\ld make our boys & girls ri* t[>ds ,god 7we rememb] ! fool ( ! p>able :o fail$ because he 0 n 8ri* t[>ds ,god071 ri* t[>ds society & ri* t[>ds !mselves4 ,i w n press my po9t by urg+ ! moral bankruptcy :i* has be5 expos$ to u dur+ rec5t ye>s z co-exi/5t )1 if n caus$ by1 utilit>ian education2 = ! cata/rophe has be5 accel]at$ by ! sort ( moral madness ( :i* we too h _h our seasons 9 ! pa/1--witness our ,b>naby ,rudge & ,pev]il ( ! ,peak episodes2 we h inde$ be5 c>ri$ (f our feet by a fallaci\s notion once & aga91 b our national insanity has on ea* occasion be5 %ort-liv$ because our education hi!rto has n taught u to believe a lie4 ,we are n worse ?an o!rs1 & if we ?9k well ( ourselves z a nation1 :y1 national pride & p]sonal mode/y d n g ill toge!r2 9 peace-"t we h bitt] ?+s to say ( our ,briti% work+-man1 b all ! same he comp>es fav\rably ) ! some:at s>donic ,lat91 ! sull5 ,teuton1 :om we all "k4 ,& ! bett] man does ! bett] "w4 ,we h he>d mu* ( ,g]man effici5cy1 & p]haps ! ,g]man excels 9 little matt]s l doors t %ut1 bl9ds t draw1 spr+s t act1 ?+s ( dome/ic utility important 9 a c\ntry ) a m extreme climate ?an ours2 b ^! are little matt]s & p]haps our fail+ is1 n to d our be/ except on big occasions2 give u a big job or a big w> & we %[ our mettle4 ,b probably 9 all our consid]able indu/ries we excel4 ,g]man wom5 w purr ov] ! mat]ial ( our dresses ) 8,a*1 englis*es ,tu*60 ,well dress$ m5 are ,engli% tailor$ 9 ,engli% clo?s4 ,we buy1 or b\ght1 ?+s 8made 9 ,g]many0 because !y 7 *eap1 b ! mo/ co/ly & mo/ desir$ goods 9 ,g]man %ops are adv]tis$ z 8englis*40 ,?is is a po9t to be borne 9 m9d 9 consid]+ ! education ( adolesc5ts4 ,we are giv5 to depreciat+ ourselves & ea* o!r1 b 9 fact we h no lee-way to make up2 z bo? a manufactur+ & comm]cial nation we are well 9 ! van & are )\t inducem5t to sell ! p's bir?right = a mess ( pottage4 ,be=e ,i come to ! po9t ,i desire to make1 let u consid] :e!r ! problem ( ,cont9uation ,s*ools has be5 attack$ any:]e m successfully ?an 9 ^? c\ntries ( ,middle ,europe4 ,"s ( !m1 ,g]many especially1 h done all t is to be done 9 response to ! cry = effici5cy ) its resultant big returns & high wages2 b f ! beg9n+ ( ! ,cont9uation ,s*ool movem5t 91 say1 #ahjf1 ! f\r nor?-we/]n c\ntries h work$ t[>ds diff]5t ends4 ,9 ,d5m>k !y h1 n ,cont9uation ,s*ools1 b ,p's ,high ,s*ools1 a pleasant] "n = possibly a pleasant] ?+4 ,d5m>k1 l ,g]many1 01 z we "k1 deva/at$ by ! ,napoleonic w>s1 b _h be5 vitalis$ by ! lib]ation ( its s]fs 9 #aghh1 & ?is prep>$ ! gr\nd = ,grundtvig1 t poet1 hi/orian & en?usia/1 :o became ! 8,fa!r ( ! ,p's ,high ,s*ools40 8,:]e !re is mo/ life1 !re is ! victory10 said he1 & ! imm$iate way to an access ( life he saw 9 8,a ,dani% ,high ,s*ool accessible to "y p all ov] ! l&10 a s*ool :i* %\ld inspire 8admiration = :at is great1 love = :at is beautiful1 fai?fulness & affection1 peace & unity1 innoc5t *e]fulness1 pleasure & mir?40 ,obs]ve1 !re is no ^w ( #8effici5cy' 9 ?is poet's dream1 b he did assure ,*>les ,,viii t ) su* a s*ool1 8a well ( heal+ 9 ! l&10 he might af=d to smile at ! newspap]s1 :e!r !y *ose to praise or blame4 ,! ,k+ gave he$1 begg$ = a fur!r developm5t ( 8 plans ?an 0 af=d$ 9 ! orig9al pamphlet1 & by #ahde ! s*ools he _h dream$ ( began to be4 ,we _c foll[ ! developm5t ( ^! ,dani% ,p's ,s*ools1 b 9 #aijc-d _! pupils numb]$ ov] ?ree ?\s& m5 & r m wom51 & wise m5 *]i%$ ! hope t 8! new ,dani% s*ool = y\? is to h ! good =tune to bl5d all classes ( ! p into "o40 ,all ( ^! ,high ,s*ools be> ! m>k ( ! g5ius ( _! 8,fa!r0--^: pupils h kn[n h[ to sum up 8 tea*+ 9 ?ree say+s1--8,_s is might2 ,_s reveals itself 9 _s2 ,_s works only 9 fre$om40 ,we are able to trace ! s\rce ( ^! say+s1 & inde$ ?is movem5t seems to h be5 f ! fir/ pr(\ndly ,*ri/ian--,*ri/ian 9 no n>r[ s5se1 b %>+ ! wide lib]ality ( t ,allegoria filos(ica della ,religione ,cattolica conceiv$ by ! #8,angelic ,doctor' & pictur$ by ,simone ,memmi on ! walls ( ! ,spani% *apel 9 ,santa ,m>ia ,novella 7,flor5ce73 ! sev]al tea*]s commemorat$ 7 !mselves illu/ri\s pagans b n !re=e ! less "u ,div9e tea*+4 ,"h1 x seems to me1 is an educational cr$o wor? reviv+ 9 ^! utilit>ian days1 & "s su* cre$ seems to h be5 ,grundtvig's1 ?\gh probably indep5d5tly conceiv$4 ,8 great hope is t 8above all1 "s acqua9tance ) popul> lit]ature1 especially ) ! poetry & hi/ory ( "o's own c\ntry1 w create a br& new _w ( read]s all ov] ! l&40 ,i _c g into ! "q ( ! ,agricultural ,s*ools ( :i* x is said t 8! ,dani% ,agricultural ,s*ool is ! *ild ( ! ,dani% ,folk%jskole1 & mu/1 l ?is1 h ,*ri/ian fai? & national life = its basis40 ,9 ! c>eless days be=e ! ,w> we c\ld all te/ify to ! excell5ce ( ,dani% butt]1 b did we consid] ! 8resolution & capacity0 ) :i* ,dani% peasants pass$ ov] f ! mak+ ( poor butt] 9 _! v>i\s small hold+s to ! 8manufacture 9 co-op]ative dairies ( butt] ( an almo/ uni=m f95ess08 ,?is1 too1 says an em95t ,sw$i% ,pr(essor1 is due to ! ,high ,s*ools1 =1 said he1 8,j z ! enri*m5t ( ! soil gives ! be/ conditions = ! se$s s[n 9 x1 s a well-gr\nd$ humani/ic tra9+ provides ! sure/ basis = bus9ess capacity1 & n ! lea/ s 9 ! case ( ! com+ f>m]s40#di ,^! are weighty words des]v+ our consid]ation at a mom5t :5 we1 too1 are on ! eve ( a new dep>ture4 ,! ?ree neighb\r+ c\ntries wat*$ ! exp]im5ts 9 ,d5m>k ) ke5 int]e/1 & almo/ simultane\sly ,p's ,high ,s*ools sprang up 9 all f\r4 ,^! nor!rn ,high ,s*ools1 necess>ily w9t] s*ools1 7 n op5 at ! "t ( my visit1 b two or ?ree ?+s casually obs]v$ might1 ,i ?9k1 be trac$ to _! influ5ce4 ,= in/ance1 ,cop5hag5 itself1 z comp>$ ) ,muni*1 /rikes "o z a city ) a s\l4 ,at ! ,hague1 aga91 ,i saw an artisan 9 8 work+ clo!s %ew+ pictures 9 "o ( ! gall]ies to 8 boy ( sev5 :o look$ e>ne/ly & li/5$ eag]ly4 ,! "y p 9 ! great ,delft porcela9 works %ew$ traces ( culture & g5tl5ess 9 c\nt5ance & mann]4 ,b no?+ /ruck me m ?an :at ,i saw 9 ! g5]al %op ( an out ( ! way village 9 ,sw$52 ! villag]s 7 peasants & ! "o %op sold cabbages & h]r+s1 *eese & calico2 b across ! small-pan$ w9d[ 0 a %elf closely pack$ ) volumes 9 pap] cov]s :i* _h n _h "t to get du/y2 ( c\rse ,i c\ld n read all ! titles1 b among !m 7 translations f ,fr5*1 ,g]man & ,engli%4 ,i notic$ slim volumes ( ,scott1 ,dick5s1 ,?ack]ay1 ,rusk91 ,c>lyle & ! la/ ?+ out4 ,"o felt assur$ t ! village 0 9 #8k+dom come1' t ( a long w9t]'s ev5+1 9 any home1 "o read al\d :il/ ! re/ work$1 t !re 0 mu* to talk ab\t :5 fri5ds met & lov]s walk$4 7,h[ sad1 by ! way1 to read t #8,tommy1' :om we all love & rev]e1 is quick to =m fri5d%ips b t ^! d n progress = ! fri5ds h no?+ to talk ab\t47 ,?9k ( little plays got up1 ( public read+s giv5 by ! villag]s !mselves2 might su* ?+s be ) u1 ! lure ( ! t[n w\ld cease to draw our village m5 & maids1 = ! village t c (f] a happy community life1 su/a9$ by ! p !mselves1 is able to hold its p4 ,our upp] & middle classes1 pr(essional & o!r1 are s+ul>ly /able folk1 & !y are s1 n because ( _! mat]ial b ( _! intellectual well-be+2 9 ?is s5se only !y are mo/ ( !m ! #8,haves' z comp>$ ) ! #8,h-nots4' ,! reason is n f> to seek4 ,are !re n agitators abroad ^: bus9ess x is to s[ se$s ( discont5t 9 ! gap+ m9ds ( ! multitude8 ,! full m9d passes on1 b t :i* is empty seizes on any new notion ) avidity1 & is h>dly to be blam$ = do+ s2 a hungry m9d takes :at x c get1 & ! bak] is apt to be l5i5t ab\t prosecut+ ! />v+ man :o /eals a loaf4 ,i d n hesitate to say t ! con/antly recurr+ mis]y ( our age1 #8,lab\r ,unre/1' is to be laid at ! door1 n ( ! work+ man1 b ( ! nation :i* has n tr\bl$ itself to consid] ! natural hung] ( m9d & ! mann] ( meat su* hung] dem&s4 ,i h tri$ to e/abli% t ! ,kultur (f]$ by ! ,muni* type ( ,cont9uation ,s*ool has _h no good effect ^u morals or mann]s & no conspicu\sly good effect ^u manufactures4 ,t ,engl& is "u no necessity to foll[ ,g]many's lead 9 ?is matt] = ,g]many all[s our sup]iority by pay+ a high price = our goods4 ,t ,d5m>k & ! neighb\r+ /ates1 on ! contr>y1 excel 9 ^? ?+s 9 :i* we fall %ort4 ,t ! ,p's ,high ,s*ools ( ,d5m>k are wor?i] ( our imitation ?an ! ,cont9uation ,s*ools ( ,g]many4 ,t !y are s because "* & conduct1 intellig5ce & initiative1 are ! outcome ( a humani/ic education 9 :i* ! k ( ,god is put fir/4 ,b we _c take educational prescriptions design$ = ano!r pati5t2 ! ,grundtvig ,s*ools are = /ud5ts rang+ f eighte5 to tw5ty-five1 n = ! m difficult ages f f\rte5 to eighte54 ,aga91 ^! ,p's ,high ,s*ools are resid5tial4 ,9 c\ntries s l>gely agricultural x is possible = a great "p ( ! "y adult population to sp5d ! five w9t] mon?s ye> by ye> at "o ( ^! ,p's ,high ,s*ools4 ,_! case & ours d n g on all f\rs4 ,our problem is ! "y adolesc5t 9 a c\ntry l>gely manufactur+4 ,n[1 we h receiv$ our clo?1 & n 9 ung5]\s measure4 ,h[ %all we cut our coat1 t is1 h[ %all we sp5d ^? sev5 or eight h\rs a week 9 :i* 8,education0 is to d h] "p = ! "y citiz58 ,if we take ! easie/ way1 we %all let ! boy d :at he is do+ = ! re/ ( ! week1--"w = 8 employ]1 :e!r directly1 by way ( increas$ output1 or indirectly1 by way ( increas$ skill4 ,?is w\ld be a betrayal4 ,no employ] wi%es to take ) "o h& :at he gives ) ! o!r2 besides1 :at employ] d\bts ! ability ( 8 /aff to tra9 8 "y employees8 ,aga91 ! te*nique ( any employm5t takes b little "t to und]/&4 ,x is ! practice t is ( value1 & su* practice is--"w4 ,cont9uation ,s*ools %\ld n exi/ = te*nical in/ruction2 !y are e/abli%$ def9itely = ! sort ( education ( :i* su* in/ruction =ms no "p2 & w n ! ev5+ h\rs be free z !y are at pres5t = te*nical classes1 gymna/ic clubs1 & v>i\s =ms ( recreative ex]cise8 ,?is p>ticul> gift ( "t mu/ be d$icat$ to ?+s ( ! m9d if we believe t m9d too requires its rations & t to use ! m9d is by no means ! same ?+ z to fe$ x4 ,) ! be/ w 9 ! _w to give boys & girls some?+ on :i* to *ew ! cud1 real m9d-/uff = dige/ion & assimilation1 we f9d t ! flood-gates are op5$2 an ocean ( ?+s good to "k ov]:elms u & we h--eight h\rs a week6 ,we seize on t bless$ ^w compromise & see two possibilities3 we are 9 a hurry to make good citiz5s4 ,n[1 good citiz5s mu/ h s\nd op9ions ab\t law1 duty1 "w1 wages1 :at n2 s we p\r op9ions into ! "y p f ! lips ( lectur] or tea*]1 8 op9ions1 :i* !y are int5d$ to take z !irs4 ,9 ! next place !re is s mu* to be le>n$ t a selection mu/ ne$s be made2 ! tea*] makes ?is selection & ! "y p are 8p\r$ into l a bucket10 :i*1 says ,c>lyle1 8is n exhil>at+ to any s\l40 ,"s gr\nd is cov]$2 tea*]s & ,education ,au?orities are satisfi$2 & if1 :5 ! "t comes1 ! "y p leave s*ool discont5t$ & uneasy1 if _! "w bore !m & _! leisure bore !m1 if _! pleasures are mean & meagre1 & if !y become m5 & wom5 r eag] ?an o!rwise = ! excitem5t ( a /rike1 t is because ! ,cont9uation1 z ! ,elem5t>y1 ,s*ool w h fail$ to f9d !m4 ,?is is ! real educational difficulty 9 s*ools = all classes1 = pupils ( all ages1--! enorm\s field ( k :i* x is necess>y to cov] 9 ord] to live ) intellig5ce & moral insight4 ,"k "o ?+ well & y h ! p[] to appreh5d _m ?+s is ! academic solution1 :i* has n work$ altoge!r badly1 b x _c be /ret*$ to fit our pres5t occasion1--! 8,enlight5m5t ( ! ,masses40 ,:at we may call ! #8academic' doctr9e assumes t m9d l body is capable ( developm5t 9 v>i\s directions by means ( due ex]cise4 ,pr(\nd] educational ?\ght1 h[ev]1 reveals m9d to u z ( enorm\s capacity1 self-active1 pres5t 9 ev]yone & mak+ b "o dem&--its prop] pabulum4 ,fe$ m9d duly & its activities take c>e ( !mselves4 ,z ! well-f$ workman is fit = all 8 lab\rs1 s ! duly n\ri%$ m9d kn[s1 ?9ks1 feels1 judges ) g5]al righte\sness4 ,! good man & magnanim\s citiz5 is he :o has be5 f$ ) food conv5i5t = him4 ,su* a view ( education naturally includes religion1 n only 8= 8 ,god do? in/ruct him & do? tea* him10 b because we may take k r\ghly z ( ?ree sorts1--k ( ,god1 to be got fir/-h& ?r\gh ! sacr$ writ+s1 k ( man1 to be arriv$ at ?r\gh hi/ory1 poetry1 tale2 ?r\gh ! cu/oms ( cities & nations1 civics2 ?r\gh ! laws ( self-gov]nm5t1 morals4 ,"o o!r great bran* ( k rema9s4 ,e y\? %\ld "k some?+ ( ! fl[]s ( ! field1 ! birds ( ! air1 ! />s 9 _! c\rses1 ! innum]able ph5om5a t come "u g5]al obs]vation2 he %\ld h "s k ( physics1 ?\gh *emi/ry p]haps %\ld be res]v$ = ^? :o h a vocation t way4 ,"h are we on ! v]ge ( t new life = our c\ntry :i* we all purpose1 fac$ ) inf9ite possibilities on ei!r h&1--! va/ range ( k & ! va/ educability ( m9d4 ,ano!r c]ta9ty pres5ts itself1 t we h n "t = %ort cuts3 ! tra9+ ( muscle & s5se1 h[ev] necess>y1 does n n\ri% m9d2 &1 on ! o!r h&1 ! v]biage ( a lectur] is n assimilat$4 ,!re is no education b self-education & only z ! "y /ud5t works ) 8 own m9d is any?+ effect$4 ,b we are n )\t hope4 ,an a/\nd+ field has be5 op5$ to u2 ?\s&s ( *ildr5 9 ,c\ncil ,s*ools are do+ incr$ible ?+s ) fre$om & joy4 ,!y h tak5 9 h& _! own education & are gre$y ( k = its own sake1 k 9 ! ?ree great fields t ,i h indicat$4 ,! fact is t a great discov]y has be5 v\*saf$ to u1 great]1 ,i ?9k1 z conc]ns education1 ?an any s9ce ! inv5tion ( ! fir/ alphabet4 ,let u aga9 ref] to ,col]idge#ej on ! orig9 ( great discov]ies4 ,col]idge gives no qualification to ! m9ds :i* receive ^! great ideas1 !y are n describ$ z great m9ds1 b1 he says1 !y are 8previ\sly prep>$ to receive !m10 t is1 ! great ideas4 ,if ! read] w =give me = say+ s ,i ?9k my m9d has be5 s prep>$--by extraord9>y incapacity 9 "o direction1 ! direction1 r\ghly1 ( academic atta9m5ts1 & by "s degree ( capacity 9 o!r directions1 & x has be5 gradually borne 9 ^u me t ?is incapacity & ?is capacity are pretty g5]al1 & p]haps af=d a key to ! problem ( education4 ,a fur!r prep>ation came to me 9 unusual opportunities = te/+ & und]/&+ ! m9ds ( *ildr5 & "y p4 ,i am anxi\s to br+ ?is idea ( a discov]y be=e ! read] because our me?ods are s simple & obvi\s t p are incl9$ to take !m up at r&om & say t ext5sive read+ is a 8good idea :i* we h all tri$ m or less0 & t free n>ration 8is a good plan 9 :i* !re is no?+ new40 ,x is true t we all read & t n>ration is z natural z brea?+1 its value dep5d+ solely ^u :at is n>rat$4 ,:at we h p]haps fail$ to discov] hi!rto is ! imm5se hung] = k 7curiosity7 exi/+ 9 ev]yone & ! immeasurable p[] ( att5tion ) :i* ev]yone is end[$2 t ev]yone likes k be/ 9 a lit]>y =m3 t ! k %\ld be exce$+ly v>i\s conc]n+ _m ?+s on :i* ! m9d ( man reflects2 b t k is acquir$ only by :at we may call 8! act ( kn[+10 :i* is bo? enc\rag$ & te/$ by n>ration1 & :i* fur!r requires ! lat] te/ & record af=d$ by exam9ations4 ,?is is no?+ new1 y w say1 & possibly no natural law 9 action appe>s extraord9>ily new2 we take fly+ already z a matt] ( c\rse2 b ?\gh !re is no?+ surpris+ 9 ! action ( natural laws1 ! results are exce$+ly surpris+1 & to t te/ we will+ly submit ^! me?ods4 8,all is n = all0 0 ! sad conclusion ( t ,dani% patriot & prophet4 ,no d\bt ,grundtvig ?\ght ( ! impassable b>ri]s pres5t$ by a poor & mean vocabul>y & a field ( ?\ght )\t lit]>y backgr\nd4 ,s 8all is n = all0 he said1 ev5 z a prophet ( our own proclaims t a wor?y education is only = ! lite4 ,books are n = ! p1 0 ,grundtvig's conclusion2 :]e=e ^? "y ,danes 7 lectur$ to by m5 ( en?usiasm :o _h _! c\ntry's lit]ature & hi/ory at _! f+]s' ends & c\ld convey ! temp] ( _! own m9ds4 ,a great deal 0 effect$1 b m9ds n\ri%$ at ! lips ( a tea*] h n ! /ability ( ^? :i* seek _! own meat4 ,b :at if all 7 = all1 if ! great hope ( ,com5ius--8,all k = all m50--7 9 process ( tak+ %ape8 ,?is is :at we h e/abli%$ 9 _m ?\s&s ( cases1 ev5 9 ^? ( dull & backw>d *ildr51 t any p]son c und]/& any book ( ! "r calibre 7a "q to be det]m9$ ma9ly by ! age ( ! "y read]72 t ! book mu/ be 9 lit]>y =m2 t *ildr5 & "y p]sons require no elucidation ( :at !y read2 t _! att5tion does n flag :ile s engag$2 t !y ma/] a few pages at a s+le read+ s ?or\ghly t !y c #8tell x back' at ! "t or mon?s lat] :e!r x be ! ,pilgrim's ,progress or "o ( ,bacon's ,essays or ,%akespe>e's plays2 t !y ?r[ individuality into ?is tell+ back s t no two tell q ! same tale2 t !y le>n incid5tally to write & speak ) vig\r & /yle & usually to spell well4 ,n[ ?is art ( tell+ back is ,education & is v enri*+4 ,we all practise x1 we g ov] 9 our m9ds ! po9ts ( a conv]sation1 a lecture1 a s]mon1 an article1 & we are s made t only ^? ideas & argum5ts :i* we g ov] are we able to reta94 ,desultory read+ or he>+ is ent]ta9+ & refre%+1 b is only educative "h & !re z our att5tion is /rongly arre/$4 ,fur!r1 we n only reta9 b realise1 und]/&1 :at we ?us g ov]4 ,ea* incid5t /&s out1 e phrase acquires new =ce1 ea* l9k 9 ! argum5t is rivet$1 9 fact we h p]=m$ ,,! ,,act ,,( ,,kn[+1 & t :i* we h read1 or he>d1 becomes a "p ( ourselves1 x is assimilat$ aft] ! due rejection ( wa/e matt]4 ,l ^? fam\s m5 ( old we h f\nd out 8k meet = ! p0 & to our surprise x is ! be/ k convey$ 9 ! be/ =m t !y dem&4 ,is x possible t hi!rto we h all be5 l ^? o!r tea*]s ( ! pa/ :o 7 *idd5 because !y _h tak5 away ! key ( k1 n ent]+ 9 !mselves & h9d]+ ^? :o w\ld ent] 98 ,to-day we are 9 ?is position4 ,we realise t !re is an act ( kn[+ to be p]=m$2 t no "o c "k )\t ?is act1 t x mu/ be self-p]=m$1 t x is z agreeable & natural to ! av]age *ild or man z s++ is to ! song ?ru%1 t 8to "k0 is inde$ a natural function4 ,yet we he> ( ! incuria :i* prevails 9 mo/ s*ools1 :ile !re be=e u are ! "y consum$ ) ! desire to "k1 c we b f9d out :at !y want to "k & h[ !y require to be taught4 ,humani/ic education1 :e!r 9 ,engli% or ,lat91 affects conduct p[]fully2 k ( ?is sort is v welcome to *ildr5 & "y p]sons2 a good deal ( gr\nd may be cov]$ because a s+le read+ ( a passage suffices2 ?is sort ( humani/ic "w has be5 tri$ ) good effect2 & if our ,cont9uation ,s*ools are to be ( value !y mu/ af=d an education on "s su* l9es4 ,! ,p>5ts' ,union ,s*ool1 orig9ally organis$#ea = ! b5efit ( *ildr5 educat$ at home1 is work$ by means ( programmes foll[$ by exam9ation pap]s s5t out t]m by t]m4 ,:5 ! same "w1 if n ! :ole ( x1 0 tak5 up by ,c\ncil ,s*ools1#eb ! advantage ( su* an organisation 0 app>5t1 especially 9 t x af=d$ a common curriculum = *ildr5 ( all classes4 ,by us+ ?is curriculum we 7 enabl$ to see t ! slum *ild 9 a poor s*ool comp>es q fav\rably ) ! *ild ( clev] or opul5t p>5ts :o _h giv5 he$ to 8 education4 ,n[ "o ( our national difficulties is ! fact t we h no common basis ( ?\ght or gr\nd = reflection4 ,no d\bt1 by pretty copi\s read+1 l9ks ( common int]e/s might be e/abli%$1 & ! s*oolroom might d at lea/ z mu* = ! g5]al life z does ! cricket-pit*4 ,! s*eme works practically )\t a hit* 9 ,c\ncil ,s*ools2 ?is is ! sort ( "w t ! highe/ class 9 ^! ,s*ools1 79 ,/&>d ,,vii71 are do+ ) great success & v great delight4 ,!y read ,engli%1 ,fr5* & ,g5]al ,hi/ory 7?ree or f\r volumes71 two or ?ree books deal+ ) citiz5%ip & morals f v>i\s po9ts ( view2 ,lit]ature1 contempor>y ) ! hi/ory read 7sev]al works72 natural hi/ory1 physical geography & sci5ce 7?ree or f\r books72 ,scripture 7*iefly ! ,bible74 ,e t]m br+s a new programme ( "w1 ! cont9uation usually ( books already 9 read+4 ,*ildr5 9 ,second>y ,s*ools & 9 families rema9 = "o ye> 9 ,=m ,,iv & t "w seems adapt$ to ! /atus ( ,cont9uation ,s*ools = ! fir/ ye> or two4 ,aft] t ! m advanc$ programme 7,=ms ,v & ,,vi7 might be us$ 9 ! same way4 ,?is "w w\ld appeal to "y p z be+ unlike ! ord9>y s*ool gr9d1 & z giv+ !m opportunity = consecutive speak+ & essay writ+4 ,!re is probably no bett] te/ ( a lib]al education ?an ! numb] ( names a p]son is able to use accurately & famili>ly z occasion requires4 ,we all recollect a "* ( ,miss ,au/5's :o _h no op9ion to (f] z to :e!r ! ,b]mudas %\ld be describ$ z ! ,we/ ,indies or n1 because %e _h nev] call$ !m any?+ 9 h] life6 ,n[1 "h is an alphabetical 7uncorrect$7 li/ tak5 f ! exam9ation pap]s ( a girl ( ?irte51 conta9+ #bac prop] names1 all ( !m us$ accurately1 easily & ) int]e/4 ,amaziah1 ,ariel1 ,ayr%ire1 ,arcot1 ,am]ica1 ,au/rian ,army1 ,artemidorus1 ,antium1 ,aufidius1 ,auditors1 ,apo!osis1 ,altai ,mts41 ,ass\an1 ,africa1 ,atb>a1 ,annulosa1 ,ara*noida1 ,armadillo1 ,album51 ,abdom51 ,auricles1 ,angle1 ,arc4 ,burns 7,rob]t71 ,ba/ille1 ,bombay1 ,b5gal1 ,burke1 ,black ,hole ( ,calcutta1 ,briti% ,museum1 ,b5evol5ce1 ,basalt1 ,butt]fly1 ,beetles1 ,blood-vessels1 ,b]b]1 ,blue ,nile ,baghdad1 ,burne ,jones4 ,c[p]1 ,calcutta1 ,clive1 ,canada1 ,colonel ,luttrel1 ,cleopatra1 ,c&ace1 ,coriolanus1 ,cass[>y1 ,cormorants1 ,curlews1 ,cranes1 ,calyptra1 ,cotton grass1 ,*alk1 ,conglom]ate1 ,cru/acea1 ,*eiropt]a1 ,c>nivora1 ,*yle1 ,c5tre ( ,circle1 ,*9a ,prop]1 ,canton1 ,cairo1 ,*eops1 ,circe4 #8,dick ,primrose1' 8,des]t$ ,village10 ,dupleix1 ,demotic *>act]s1 ,ducks1 ,despotic ,gov]nm5t1 ,doctor ,liv+/one1 ,deposits1 ,delta1 ,diaphragm1 ,duod5um4 ,engl&1 ,ea/ ,india ,company1 ,economical ,re=m1 ,europe1 ,emp]or ( ,au/ria1 ,empress ( ,russia1 ,emu1 ,ea/]n ,turke/an1 ,egypt4 ,france1 ,fr$]ick ! ,great1 ,fr$]ick ,william ( ,prussia1 ,flightless birds1 ,fir/ ,cat>act1 ,=am9if]a4 ,gad>5es1 ,gizeh1 ,great ,common]1 ,george ,,iii1 ,g5]al ,w>rants1 ,gov]nor ,g5]al1 ,grace & ,free-w1 ,greek language1 ,g5]osity1 ,gulls1 ,granite1 ,grubs1 ,ga/ric juice1 ,globules4 ,huldah1 ,highl&s ( ,scotl&1 ,h]odotus1 ,hi]oglyphics1 ,h]ons1 ,hoang-ho1 ,h$gehog1 ,hydro*loric ,acid1 ,hydroc>bons1 ,he>t4 ,isaiah1 ,india1 ,influ5ce ( light4 ,josiah1 ,judah1 ,jehosaphat1 ,j]usalem1 ,jonas1 ,jonah1 ,jesuits1 ,jans5i/s1 ,japan4 ,kn]sdorf1 ,ku5 ,lun ,mts41 ,kioto1 ,k>nac1 ,kh>tum1 ,kol*5g1 ,kalab>i4 ,"l ,nor?1 8,lords 9 ,wait+0 ( ,love1 ,l& birds1 ,lamell1 ,luxor1 ,lake ,ngami1 ,lo&a1 ,lake ,nyassa4 ,manasseh1 ,mongolia1 ,man*uria1 ,madras1 ,mahrattas1 ,memb] ( ,p>liam5t1 ,middlesex1 ,me?odi/s1 ,mississippi ,company1 ,m>ia ,!resa1 ,mummies1 ,microscopic ,%ells1 ,membrane4 ,nagasaki1 ,nile1 ,nitrog5\s food4 #8,olivia ,primrose1' ,o/ri*es4 ,ph>isees1 #8,primrose 7,mrs471' ,philosoph]s ,plassey1 ,pitt1 ,prime ,m9i/]1 ,pragmatic ,sanction1 ,prague1 ,peace ( ,hub]tusburg1 ,pity1 ,puff9s1 ,p5gu9s1 ,plov]s1 ,pelicans1 ,plants1 ,polytri*um =mosum1 ,p]i/om1 ,porphyric1 ,pudd+/one1 ,peps91 ,peptone1 ,pancreas1 ,pulmon>y art]y1 ,pamir ,plateau1 ,prairies1 ,pyramid1 ,portuguese ,we/ ,africa4 ,quilemane4 ,rome1 ,rossba*1 ,rosetta ,/one1 ,rhea1 ,rod5tia4 ,sea ( ,galilee1 #8,sophia ,primrose1' ,surajah ,d[lah1 ,sev5 ,ye>s' ,w>1 ,silesia1 ,saxony1 ,secret>y1 ,/orks1 ,s&pip]s1 ,se$l+s4 8,! ,task10 ,treaty ( ,dresd51 ,tullus1 ,trade ,unions1 ,tru/ees1 ,treasur]1 ,tropical c\ntries4 ,ulysses1 ,ungulata4 ,volcanic eruptions1 ,v]mes1 ,v]tebrate1 ,villi1 ,v5tricles1 ,v]n ,cav1 ,vic> ( ,wakefield1 ,volscians1 ,vice ,presid5t4 ,wallace1 ,walpole1 ,w> ( ,indep5d5ce1 ,wilkes1 ,:itfield1 ,wesley1 ,w> ( ! ,au/rian ,succession1 ,wat] birds1 ,wady ,halfa4 ,yang-tse-kiang4 ,zonga1 ,zambesi1 ,zorndorff4 ,?is is #8,second>y' "w1 b suppos+ ! "y p ( a ,cont9uation ,s*ool1 :o c\ld n read all ! books on ! programmes1 got "s degree ( intimacy1 "s association1 )1 say1 "o hundr$ su* names 9 a t]m1 we might believe t !y 7 receiv+ a lib]al education4 ,?is is ! sort ( "w we hope to see done 9 ,cont9uation ,s*ools by pupils f f\rte5 to sixte54 ,! "y p ( ! future betwe5 sixte5 & eighte5 %\ld be prep>$ to "w 9 ,=ms ,v & ,,vi4 ,x is n ! be/ *ildr5 t answ] ! exam9ation que/ions2 ! g5]al rule is t ev]ybody takes e "q4 ,i h t\*$ only on ! m humani/ic subjects z :atev] is done 9 ,ma!matics1 = in/ance1 ! ,head ( ! ,cont9uation ,s*ool w no d\bt arrange2 & inde$ s mu* has be5 done 9 ! ,elem5t>y ,s*ool already t probably ! keep+ ( fictiti\s acc\nt books w\ld be a suffici5t ex]cise = "y p :o %[ "s ma!matical tal5t4 ,no co/ :atev] is atta*$ to ! adoption & cont9u$ work+ ( ?is me?od#ec except ! co/ ( books & ( ^!1 "y wage-e>n]s w\ld no d\bt buy _! own1 s t by degrees ea* w\ld =m 8 little libr>y ( books t he has read1 und]/&s & kn[s 8 way ab\t4 ,i %\ld l to quote a few s5t5ces f ,pr(essor ,euck5 on ! education ( ! p3-- 8,by education ( ! p x mu/ n = a mom5t be suppos$ t we mean a special k9d ( education4 ,we d n ref] to a cond5s$ prep>ation ( our spiritual & intellectual possessions1 suitable = ! ne$s & int]e/s ( ! great masses2 we are n ?9k+ ( a dilut$ concoction ( ! real draught ( education :i* we are s k9d & condesc5d+ z to disp5se to ! majority4 ,no6444 ,!re is only "o education common to u all40 8,we c all unite 9 ! con/ruction ( a spiritual _w ov] aga9/ t ( petty human r\t9e4 ,?us !re is1 9 tru?1 a possibility ( a truly human education1 & !re=e ( a true education ( ! p40 ,! ,j5a ,pr(essor sees cle>ly en\gh ! task be=e u all2 b he sees1 or sets =?1 no possible way ( accompli%+ x1 nor is !re any o!r way ?an t :i* we h set =? t c af=d ?is sort ( lib]al education2 ! electric telegraph 0 n discov]$ twice ov]4 ,aft] all our prote/s we are 9 our way utilit>ian = no o!r /udy is s remun]ative z t ( ! #8humanities4' ,let me draw ! read]'s att5tion to "o po9t4 ,in/ability1 unre/1 among our wage-e>n]s is ! s]i\s dang] ?reat5+ our social life4 ,n[ x is said t no?+ c act b :]e x is & ! class :i* acts /eadily :]e x is1 at "s outpo/ ( empire1 on a home e/ate1 9 ,p>liam5t1 :]e y w1 is ! class educat$ at ,public ,s*ools1 t is1 m5 br\ght up on ! #8humanities4' ,/rong language w be us$ ab\t ! deadness & decad5ce ( ^! m5 al?\gh !y d mu* ( our national "w4 ,_! defects are obvi\s & manifold1 b /ill1 z ,i say1 ! public "w t is done is1 = ! mo/ "p1 done by m5 :om no "o c\ld describe z progressive4 ,is !re n "s confusion ( ideas ab\t ?is feti% ( progress8 ,d we n conf\nd progress ) movem5t1 action1 assum+ t :]e ^! are !re is necess>ily advance8 ,:]eas mu* ( our activity is l ! waves ( ! sea1 go+ always & arriv+ nev]4 ,:at we desire is ! /ill progress ( gr[? t comes ( root /rik+ d[nw>ds & fruit urg+ upw>ds4 ,& ?is progress 9 "* & conduct is n atta9$ ?r\gh conditions ( environm5t or influ5ce b only ?r\gh ! gr[? ( ideas1 receiv$ ) consci\s intellectual ef=t4 ,x w be possible to h only a little ( ?is /rong meat 9 ,cont9uation ,s*ools1 b a little goes a long way1 h[ f>1 our ,public ,s*ool m5 illu/rate2 = a c>eful analysis w br+ u to ! conclusion t n ,lat9 & ,greek1 ,games1 ,a?letics1 or environm5t1 b ! #8humanities' 9 ,engli% alone w br+ =? ! /ability & effici5cy :i* we desire to see 9 all classes ( society4 ,i h said t we h aft] all a g5]\s all[ance ( clo? f :i* to cut our g>m5t1 sev5 or eight h\rs a week4 ,9 t "t we may get 91 page = page1 book = book1 z full a complem5t ( ! #8humanities1' poetry1 hi/ory1 essay1 trag$y1 com$y1 philosophy1 betwe5 ! ages ( f\rte5 & eighte51 z our public m5 h imbib$ at _! s*ools4 ,to be sure ^! d x 9 ! classic tongues :ile = ^? !re is only pla9 ,engli%2 b h[ev] duly we magnify ,greek lit]ature we _c hone/ly say t t ( ,engl& is second to any ! _w has yet se54 ,we c give to ! p ! ?\ght ( ! be/ m9ds & we c secure on _! "p ! consci\s intellectual ef=t1 ! act ( kn[+1 :i* be>s fruit 9 capability1 "* & conduct4 ,we _c (f] to ! p ! grace ( s*ol>%ip 9 ! allott$ "t1 b no d\bt e>ne/ s\ls w f9d a way to get ?is surpass+ excell5ce also2 if !re be pr(it 9 #8gr9d+ at ,gramm>' t !y mu/ =ego1 too1 b ! inspiration & delight ( ent]+ into an intellectual _w full ( associations1 ?is !y %\ld h1 a well ( heal+ & f\nta9 ( delight4 ,n[ a common gr\nd ( ?\ght is ine/imable 9 :at may be call$ its cohesive value2 & :at we desire to af=d to ! nation at l>ge is su* ano!r backgr\nd ( ?\ght1 sket*$ 9 l t ( ! ,public ,s*ool man f ! books m5 & wom5 h read at s*ool1 books :i* made !m intimate ) ,pitt & ,fox1 #8,dick ,swivell]1' #8,mrs4 ,quickly1' ) daffodils & cl\ds & night+ales z ! poets h se5 !m1 ) a ?\s& promiscu\s & seem+ly purposeless sc5es & say+s :i* someh[ comb9e to s]ve ! purpose ( a backgr\nd ?r[+ ! ?\ghts & incid5ts ( to-day into cle> relief4 ,= ?is reason we1 l ! ,public ,s*ools1 all read ! same books1 ) su* an int5sive s+le read+ t = ! re/ ( ! lives ( ^! "y p phrases or allusions !y come across w k9dle 9 _! eyes t #8light :i* nev] 0 on sea or l&4' ,we may hope t ,public ,s*ools w pres5tly add ?is modicum ( ,engli% to _! classical /udies2 !n ! c&idate = election w h some?+ to appeal to o!r ?an ! desire to bett] himself1 :i* is suppos$ to dom9ate e man4 ,by ! way1 is ! paucity ( lit]>y or hi/orical allusions1 n 9 ,lat91 to be he>d 9 ! ,h\se due to ! fact t ! audi5ce _c be c\nt$ ^u to rise to a ref]5ce n includ$ 9 ! well-kn[n s*ool books8 ,if s1 we %all *ange all t2 once ! masses read1 ! classes mu/ read1 too1 & ! ,peace w be signalis$ by a new bond ( intellectual life 9 common4 8,!re is no m dreadful sight10 says ,goe!1 8?an ignorance 9 action10 & is n ?is ! sight t is at ! pres5t "t dismay+ u all8 ,demos is k+ to-day1 & :o may dispute 8 "r8 ,b let u all give him ! *ance to become t philosoph]-k+ :o accord+ to an anci5t dream 0 to be ! fit rul]1 or rul]s1 ( ! p4 ,! hopeful sign is t ,demos himself p]ceives 8 lack1 & clam\rs = ! humani/ic education 9 :i* he sees 8 salvation4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,! ,,basis ,,( ,,national ,,/r5g?#ed ,a ,,lib]al ,,education ,,f ,a ,,national ,,/&po9t ,i ,,k ,we h f "t to "t giv5 "s att5tion to ! failure ( our attempts to educate 8,! ,av]age ,boy10 & x may be useful to look into "o or two fundam5tal pr9ciples ^u :i* ?is "q & o!rs seem to me to dep5d4 ,= if our conceptions ( education are het]og5e\s & incoh]5t1 naturally1 we %all h a tangle ( exam9ation s*emes evolv$ to te/ our ill-conceiv$ "w4 ,educationally1 we are 9 a bad way4 ,we 7 told "s "t ago1 9 ,across ! ,bridges1 ( ! rapid det]ioration ( ! bright intellig5t responsive s*oolboy :o has pass$ ?r\gh ! six? & sev5? /&>ds4 ,:y8 we ask4 ,indu/rial unre/ (t5 reveals virtue1 ev5 h]oism ( a sort1 9 ! work+ man1 b a lam5table want ( k--lack ( education2 he appe>s to h little insight1 imag9ation1 or p[] ( reflection4 ,! t5d5cy 9 8 class is t 8dang]\s t5d5cy :i* we mu/ all d our be/ to resi/0 indicat$ by ,mr4 ,burns at a public meet+ "s few ye>s ago2 8! _s ( ! horde10 he said1 8is be+ develop$2 & :e!r x is 9 exhibitions1 sports1 or legislation1 ! individual is becom+ less & less important & ! mob m & m s40 ,& aga91 8! t5d5cy ( ! pres5t day 9 all mod]n movem5ts is = great cr[ds to be br\ght toge!r to see o!r p play2 & t is ext5d+ n only to play1 b to o!r fields ( life40 ,c\ld ! indu/rial movem5t ( to-day be bett] diagnos$8 ,aga9 we ask1 ,:y8 ,z = ^? "y m5 f ,public ,s*ools :o fail 9 ! ,dom9ions1 en\gh has be5 said ab\t !m2 b ^? o!r ,public ,s*ool m5 :o succe$ 9 a measure at outpo/s ( ! ,empire because ( ! virtue t is 9 !m1 d !y n fail sometimes 9 an equal measure = lack ( ! insight1 imag9ation1 intellig5ce1 :i* come ( k8 ,z = ! p :o /ay at home1 8educat$0 m5 & wom51 ,i write z an old woman :o rememb]s h[ 9 ! sixties & sev5ties 8c\nt5ance0 0 mu* talk$ (2 8an intellig5t c\nt5ance10 8a f9e c\nt5ance10 8a noble c\nt5ance10 7 matt]s ( daily comm5t4 ,! ^w has dropp$ out ( use2 is x because ! ?+ signifi$ has dropp$ out ( exi/5ce8 ,c\nt5ance is a manife/ation ( ?\ght1 feel+1 intellig5ce2 & x is none ( ^!1 b /olid indiff]5ce comb9$ ) physical well-be+1 t we read 9 _m faces to-day4 ,if we h ^! gr\nds = discont5t1 education is no d\bt ! culprit at ! b>1 ?\gh !re nev] 01 ,i suppose1 a m h]oic & devot$ body ( tea*]s at "w4 ,!y get = !mselves ! great] bless+ ( ^? :o give2 b ! *ildr5 suff]1 poor little s\ls2 8p\r$ into l a bucket10 !y receive )\t /9t1 & little comes ( x4 ,!re is no lack ( zeal on ! "p ( ! tea*+ pr(ession1 b !re is a t5d5cy among/ u to depreciate k & to depreciate our s*ol>s4 ,n[1 k is ! mat]ial ( education1 z fl\r is ! mat]ial ( bread2 !re are sub/itutes = k1 no d\bt1 z !re are = fl\r4 ,be=e ! era ( free meals ,i he>d ( a little girl 9 ,ea/ ,london ^: "m gave h] a p5ny1 to buy d9n] = h]self & h] little si/]1 :5 ! two set out = s*ool4 ,! *ild confid$ to h] tea*] t a ha'por? ( anise$ drops 8/ays y\r /oma*0 m ?an a halfp5ny bun4 ,n[1 our s*ools are work$ m or less ^u anise$ drops--m>ks1 prizes1 s*ol>%ips1 blue ribbons1 all ( :i* 8/ay ! /oma*0 ( ! boy :o does n get ! k t he ne$s4 ,t is ! po9t4 ,he ne$s k z mu* z he ne$s bread & milk2 8 appetite = k is z heal?y z 8 appetite = 8 d9n]2 & an abundant regul> supply at %ort int]vals ( v>i\s k is a con/itutional necessity = ! gr[+ y\? z well z = ! curi\s *ild2 & yet we /ay 8 hung] pangs ^u 8anise$ drops40 ,we d worse4 ,we say1 8,:at is ! good ( k8 ,give a boy pr(essional in/ruction1 :e!r he is to be a b>ri/] or a bricklay]1 & /rike out f 8 curriculum ,greek or geography1 or :atev] is n ( utilit>ian value4 ,tea* him to play ! game & h&le ! ropes ( 8 call+1 & y h done ! be/ = him40 ,n[1 "h is a mo/ mis*iev\s fallacy1 an ass]tion t a *ild is to be br\ght up = ! uses ( society only & n = 8 own uses4 ,"h we get ! answ] to ! repeat$ "q t sugge/$ itself 9 a survey ( our educational condition4 ,we laun* *ildr5 ^u too arid & conf9$ a life4 ,n[ p]sonal delight1 joy 9 liv+1 is a *ief object ( education2 ,socrates conceiv$ t k is = pleasure1 9 ! s5se1 n t k is "o s\rce1 b is ! s\rce ( pleasure4 ,x is = _! own sakes t *ildr5 %\ld get k4 ,! p[] to take a g5]\s view ( m5 & _! motives1 to see :]e ! greatness ( a giv5 "* lies1 to h "o's judgm5t ( pres5t ev5ts illu/rat$ & correct$ by hi/oric & lit]>y p>allels1 to h1 inde$1 ! p[] ( compreh5sive judgm5t--^! are admirable assets )9 ! p[] ( e "o accord+ to ! measure ( 8 m9d2 & ^! are n ! only ga9s :i* k af=ds4 ,! p]son :o c live ^u 8 own intellectual res\rces & nev] "k a dull h\r 7?\gh anxi\s & sad h\rs w come7 is inde$ enviable 9 ^! days ( intellectual inanition1 :5 we dep5d ^u spectacul> ent]ta9m5ts p\r pass] le temps4 ,if k means s mu* to u1 8,:at is k80 ! read] asks4 ,we c give only a negative answ]4 ,k is n in/ruction1 in=mation1 s*ol>%ip1 a well-/or$ memory4 ,x is pass$1 l ! light ( a tor*1 f m9d to m9d1 & ! flame c be k9dl$ at orig9al m9ds only4 ,?\ght1 we "k1 bre$s ?\ght2 x is z vital ?\ght t\*es our m9ds t our ideas are vitaliz$1 & out ( our ideas comes our conduct ( life4 ,! case = re=m h>dly ne$s demon/ration1 b n[ we beg9 to see ! way ( re=m4 ,! direct & imm$iate impact ( great m9ds ^u 8 own m9d is necess>y to ! education ( a *ild4 ,mo/ ( u c get into t\* ) orig9al m9ds *iefly ?r\gh books2 & if we want to "k h[ f> a s*ool provides intellectual su/5ance = its s*ol>s1 we may ask to see ! li/ ( books 9 read+ dur+ ! curr5t t]m4 ,if ! li/ be %ort1 ! s*ol> w n get en\gh m9d-/uff2 if ! books are n v>i\s1 8 w n be an all-r\nd developm5t2 if !y are n orig9al1 b compil$ at second h&1 he w f9d no mat]ial 9 !m = 8 intellectual gr[?4 ,aga91 if !y are too easy & too direct1 if !y tell him /raight away :at he is to ?9k1 he w read1 b he w n appropriate4 ,j z a man has to eat a good d9n] 9 ord] t 8 physical en]gies may be /imulat$ to select & secrete t small portion :i* is vital to him1 s mu/ ! intellectual en]gies be /imulat$ to extract :at ! individual ne$s by a g5]\s supply1 & also by a way ( pres5tation t is n obvi\s4 ,we h ! highe/ au?ority = ! indirect me?od ( tea*+ prop] to lit]ature1 & especially to poetry4 ,! p>ables ( ,*ri/ rema9 d>k say+s2 b :at is !re m preci\s 9 ! _w's /ore ( k8 ,h[ injuri\s !n is our habit ( depreciat+ *ildr52 we wat] _! books d[n & dra9 !m ( lit]>y flav\r1 because we wrongly suppose t *ildr5 _c und]/& :at we und]/& ourselves2 :at is worse1 we expla9 & we "q4 ,a few p$agogic maxims %\ld help u1 su* z1 8,d n expla90 8,d n "q10 8,let "o read+ ( a passage suffice10 8,require ! pupil to relate ! passage he has read40 ,! *ild mu/ read to "k2 8 tea*]'s bus9ess is to see t he kn[s4 ,all ! acts ( g5]alization1 analysis1 comp>ison1 judgm5t1 & s on1 ! m9d p]=ms = itself 9 ! act ( kn[+4 ,if we d\bt ?is1 we h only to try ! effect ( putt+ ourselves to sleep by relat+ sil5tly & c>efully1 say1 a *apt] ( ,jane ,au/5 or a *apt] ( ! ,bible1 read once be=e go+ to b$4 ,! degree ( insight1 ! visualization1 t comes ) ?is sort ( m5tal ex]cise is surpris+4 ,z ,i h said1 a *ild 9 8 sev5? ye> w relate ,! ,pilgrim's ,progress1 *apt] by *apt]1 ?\gh he _c read x1 & "s half-doz5 o!r books ( ! be/ we c f9d = him4 ,9 8 eigh? or n9? ye> he works happily ) a doz5 books at a "t1 books ( hi/ory1 adv5tures1 travels1 poems4 ,f 8 t5? to 8 twelf? ye> he reads consid]able books ( ,engli% & ,fr5* hi/ory1 s]i\sly writt51 ,%akespe>e's hi/orical plays1 ,nor?'s ,plut>*'s ,lives1 & a doz5 o!r wor?y books4 ,z he goes up ! s*ool1 8 read+ becomes wid] & m difficult1 b e "o kn[s ! read+ prop] at ! ages ( fifte51 sev5te51 eighte54 ,! "r books are giv51 b n en\gh ( !m4 ,! read+ diet>y is too meagre = ! mak+ ( a full man4 ,a score ( fir/-rate books %\ld appe> 9 ! s*ool curriculum t]m by t]m4 ,! po9t t ,i insi/ ^u1 h[ev]1 is t f 8 six? ye> ! *ild %\ld be an 8educat$ *ild0 = 8 age1 %\ld love 8 lesson books1 & enjoy a t]m9al exam9ation on ! books he has read4 ,*ildr5 br\ght up l>gely on books comp>e fav\rably ) ^? educat$ on a few books & _m lectures2 !y h g5]\s en?usiasms1 ke5 sympa?ies1 a wide outlook & s\nd judgm5t1 because !y are treat$ f ! fir/ z be+s ( 8l>ge disc\rse look+ be=e & aft]40 ,!y are p]sons ( leisure too1 ) "t = hobbies1 because _! "w is easily done 9 ! h\rs ( morn+ s*ool4 ,x is n necess>y to speak ( mod]n languages & ma!matics1 field "w 9 natural hi/ory1 h&iwork1 etc4 ,s*ools are pretty mu* agre$ ab\t ! treatm5t ( ^! subjects4 ,z = ,lat9 & ,greek1 ! tea*+ ( ^! & ! possibility ( gett+ 9 any "w beyond ^! is a crucial "q2 b ,i ?9k x is op5 to ,public ,s*oolma/]s to discov] t1 giv5 boys :o h read & ?\ght1 & :o h ma9ta9$ ! habit ( almo/ p]fect att5tion t a *ild beg9s )1 ! necess>y am\nt ( "w 9 ! ,classics may be done 9 a mu* %ort] "t1 & t ! m9d ( ! pupil is ! m al]t because x is engag$ 9 h&l+ v>i\s subjects4 ,p]haps1 too1 "s enlight5$ ,headma/] may come to di/+ui% betwe5 s*ol>%ip & k--a di/9ction :i* practical m51 l ,napoleon1 = example1 h kn[n h[ to draw4 ,probably !re nev] 0 a life on :i* ! #8humanities' ex]cis$ a m p[]ful influ5ce2 r>ely has !re be5 su* an example ( ! p[] ( ! in=m$ m9d to conqu] ! _w4 ,napoleon is ! f9al answ] to ! cont5tion t a k ( books has no practical value1 = !re 01 p]haps1 no incid5t 9 8 c>e] t 0 n sugge/$1 inspir$1 illu/rat$ by "s hi/orical prec$5t1 "s lit]>y apoph!gm4 ,he 01 z we "k1 no s*ol>1 b he read dilig5tly1 ev5 9 ! mid/ ( absorb+ affairs1 ,hom]1 ! ,bible1 ! ,koran1 poetry1 hi/ory1 ,plut>*4 ,nations gr[ great ^u books z truly z d individuals4 ,we "k h[ t h]oic "y ,que51 ,l\isa ( ,prussia1 p]ceiv$ t ! d[nfall ( h] c\ntry 0 n due to ,napoleon alone1 b also to national ignorance1 & t if ,prussia 7 to rise x mu/ be ?r\gh ! /udy ( hi/ory4 ,s %e set h]self to "w at ! hi/ory ( mod]n ,europe dur+ t soj\rn at ,memel1 :5 %e knew pov]ty z a peasant woman kn[s x4 ,! disciples ( ,kant f\nd$ a league ( virtue to ar\se ,prussian /ud5ts to ! duty ( patriotism2 ,fi*te knew h[ to issue a trumpet call2 ! nation became a nation ( /ud5ts1 & ! son ( ,que5 ,l\isa e/abli%$ ! ,g]man ,empire6 ,alas1 t an age %\ld h come :5 ! #8humanities' 7 proscrib$ on ,g]man soil--& humanity foll[$ !m into exile6 ,a noble view ( education 0 z righte\sness exalt+ a nation2 b1 alas1 we all "k :at univ]sal havoc & disa/] h proce$$ f ! debas$ & mat]ialis$ !ory ( education promulgat$ at ,muni*4 ,! ,danes1 aga91 z we all "k1 owe _! rise out ( illit]acy to ! ,napoleonic impulse4 ,aft] we _h seiz$ _! battle%ips1 by way ( clipp+ ! claws ( ,bonap>te1 !y set to "w to make !mselves ! fir/ f>m]s 9 ,europe2 ?is !y h done 9 & ?r\gh _! s*ools & _! cont9uation s*ools1 :]e !y get1 n te*nical in/ruction1 b a pretty wide c\rse 9 hi/ory & lit]ature4 ,z = ! ,japanese revolution ( "s fifty ye>s ago1 hi/ory has little to %[ ( a f9] quality2 & ?is1 aga91 0 ! "w ( a lit]>y p4 ,if we w\ld n be left beh9d by ! ,ea/ & ! ,we/ we mu/1 z o!r nations h done1 8add to our virtue1 k02 & we are /ill compet5t1 z "s ( ^! are n1 to m\nt f ! bottom rung ( ! ,apo/olic educational ladd]4 ,x re/s ) u to add to our fai?1 virtue1 & to our virtue1 k4 ,x is an unhe>d ( ?+ t ! y\? ( a great nation %\ld gr[ up )\t ^? ideals1 sl[ en\gh 9 matur+1 :i* are to be ga!r$ = ! mo/ "p f wide & wisely direct$ read+4 ,,ii ,,lett]s1 ,,k ,,& ,,virtue ,! foll[+ fragm5ts ( a valuable lett] illu/rate ! cont5tion ( ! =ego+ *apt]3-- 8,!re is "o ?+1 h[ev]1 "o note ( regret1 & t is t "o p>agraph1 t on classical education1 0 n m exp&$4 ,i am satisfi$ t y\r c5tral view cov]s ! :ole tru?2 & ,i am go+ to give y a small individual exp]i5ce illu/rat+ ?is fact--viz41 t an e>ly education 9 ! great books ( our own language1 read1 ) enjoym5t1 by *ildr5 & appropriately giv5 to !m f ye> to ye>1 is ! true gr\ndwork ( lat] expansion4 ,"h is ! /ory3--,my ?ree daught]s 7 suckl$ on ,walt] ,scott & ,%akespe>e4 ,lat]1 ab\t ! ages ( f t5 to twelve1 (f _! own1 !y took up ,plut>*'s ,lives1 ,bunyan1 ,defoe1 & 9 ! same p]iod !y refus$ to le>n ari?metic & geography1 ! =m] on ! gr\nd ( its monotony1 & ! latt]1 because1 al?\gh !y lov$ x1 !y held t ! exi/+ sy/em ( tea*+ geography 0 #8rott51' & t geography ought to be le>nt by go+ to ! places4 ,i knew bett] ?an to remon/rate4 ,i meekly sugge/$ t p]haps !y w\ld sub/itute some?+ else 9 _! curriculum1 & !y said at once1 9 an obvi\sly prep>$ s5t5ce1 #8,t's j x1 we want to le>n ,lat9 & h>mony4' ,n[ "h comes y\r po9t 79 t lam5tably abbreviat$ p>agraph73-- #8,giv5 boys 7or girls7 :o h read & ?\ght1 & :o h ma9ta9$ ! habit ( almo/ p]fect att5tion t a *ild beg9s )1 ! necess>y am\nt ( "w 9 ! classics may be done 9 a mu* %ort] "t1 & ! m9d ( ! pupil is ! m al]t because x is engag$ 9 h&l+ v>i\s subjects4' ,six mon?s lat] ^! girls knew m ,lat9 ?an ,i le>nt 9 six ye>s "u di/+ui%$ s*ol>s ) v em95t names4 ,!y c\ld sl+ passages f ,horace appropriately2 !y knew ! fir/ two ,eclogues & half ! neid by he>t2 !y reg>d$ ,cic]o's ,lett]s to ,atticus z a #8p5ny po/' affair1 & 7 q unduly famili> ) ! private life ( ,s5eca4 ,b all ?is did n int]f]e ) _! pa9t+ or _! horseman%ip1 & bett] au?orities on cricket & ! ,turf ,i don't happ5 to "k4 ,t is ! illu/rative episode4 ,! po9t1 9 my m9d1 is t an e>ly education f great books ) ! l>ge ideas & ! l>ge virtues is ! only true f\ndation ( k--! k wor? hav+40 ,?is int]e/+ lett] br+s u /raight to a "q :i* ,i ?\ght _h be5 pretty fully ?re%$ out2 & ,i tackle x ) diffid5ce1 only because an outsid] may see aspects ov]look$ by exp]ts4 ,! gi/ ( ! *>ges br\ght aga9/ ,public ,s*ools is1--,classics take up s mu* "t t !re is no opportunity = ,litt] ,humaniores 9 any o!r =m4 ,x is easy to say1--,ga9 "t by giv+ up ,greek2 b1 9 ! fir/ place1 ,public ,s*ools1 ) our old ,univ]sities 9 sequ5ce1 are our educational a*ievem5t4 ,o!r ef=ts are exp]im5tal1 b ?is "o ?+ we "k--t m5 are turn$ out f ?is c\rse :o are practically unmat*$ = quality1 culture1 & p[]2 ev5 ! av]age ,b4,a4 %[s up bett] ?an 8 compe]s1 & a degree 9 ,arts signifies m ?an "o 9 any o!r faculty4 ,we return ?us to my orig9al cont5tion--t lett]s1 prim>ily1 are ! cont5t ( k2 t if ,well+ton ev] said h[ ,wat]loo 0 won1 x 0 n on ! play+-fields only1 b 9 ! class-rooms ( ,eton2 t ,cs>1 ,?ucydides1 ,prome!us ,b\nd1 h won m battles ?an we "k on fields civil & milit>y4 ,a little /rong meat goes a long way1 & ev5 ! av]age ,public ,s*ool boy turns out a capable man4 ,b1 alas1 if capable1 he is also ignorant2 he does n "k ! hi/ory & lit]ature ( 8 own c\ntry or any o!r4 ,he has n realis$ t k is1 n a /ore1 b r a /ate t a p]son rema9s )9 or drops out (4 ,8 degree tak51 he %uts 8 books1 reads ! newspap]s a little1 p]haps a magaz9e or two1 b o!rwise occupies himself ) ! int]e/s ( sports1 games1 %[s1 or 8 employm5t4 ,:at is to be done1 we wond] vaguely1 to secure to ?is av]age boy "s t9cture ( k & "s ta/e = k8 ,! exp$i5t ( dropp+ ,greek to make room = o!r ?+s recurs2 b on reflection we say1 8,no02 = culture beg9s ) ! k t ev]y?+ has be5 kn[n & ev]y?+ has be5 p]fectly said ^! two ?\s& ye>s ago & m4 ,?is k1 sl[ly drumm$ into a y\?1 %\ld keep him f swell$ head1 f jo9+ 9 ! 8,we are ! p0 cry ( ! blatant patriot2 & !re is no bett] way ( kn[+ a p ?an to "k some?+ ( _! own words 9 _! own spee*4 ,x is well1 by ! way1 t we %\ld rememb] t we h z a nation an enorm\s loss to make good2 "t 01 & n s long ago1 :5 ri* & poor 7 intimately famili> ) "o ( ! ?ree great classical lit]atures4 ,m5's ?\ghts 7 col\r$1 _! spee* m\ld$1 _! conduct m or less gov]n$1 by ! pa/oral idylls call$ 8,g5esis10 ! impassion$ poetry ( ,isaiah1 ! div9e philosophy ( ,john1 ! rhetoric ( ,paul--all1 writ+s1 l ! re/ ( ! ,bible1 9 :at ,mat!w ,arnold calls 8! gr& mann]40 ,"h is ! well ( ,engli% undefil$ f :i* m5 h drawn ! be/ t our lit]ature holds1 z well z _! philosophy ( life1 _! philosophy ( hi/ory1 & t pr9cipal k we are practis+ to d )\t--! k ( ,god4 ,& we wond] t ! gov]n+ classes %\ld =get h[ to rule z ^? :o s]ve2 & t ! work+ man1 br\ght up on 8,read]s0 9 lieu ( a great lit]ature1 %\ld act ) ! ob/9ate recklessness prop] to ignorance4 ,b to return to ! ma9 issue4 ,h[ %all we in/ruct ! ignorance & yet reta9 ! classical culture ( ! av]age ,public ,s*ool boy8 ,i %\ld l to sugge/1 aga91 ) diffid5ce1 t he1 l 8 m brilliant compe]1 is driv5 ?r\gh a mill ! outp\r ( :i* %\ld be s*ol>%ip4 ,n[1 s*ol>%ip is an exquisite di/9ction :i* x w\ld be ill = u z a nation to miss2 b if all ! m5 9 an assemblage 7 decorat$1 :o w\ld c>e to we> an ord]8 ,"s ?+s are preci\s = _! r>ity1 & to put a s*ool 9 ! runn+ = ?is goal is z absurd z ! ambition ( ! little boy :o meant to be a ,knight ( ! ,g>t] :5 he grew up4 ,! ?+ is n to be done2 "s m5 are born to be s*ol>s1 z ! %ape ( _! heads te/ifies4 ,! re/ ( u take pleasure 9 _! decoration1 b are n envi\s1 = s*ol>%ip is n ! be/ ?+1 & does n necess>ily imply t vital t\* ( m9d ^u m9d out ( :i* is got k4 ,z = erudition1 we may leave t out ( c\nt1 x is h>dly ev5 an aim at ! pres5t "t4 ,! g5iuses1 z "o to "s ?\s&s1 say1 ( our be/1 d n tr\ble !mselves mu* ab\t ! regim5 we (f]--classics or mod]n languages1 or :at n2 an idle tale1 a puppet %[1 ! meane/ fl[] t bl[s1 is en\gh = !m4 ,anyway1 !y take c>e ( !mselves1 & we come back to ! av]age boy4 ,he mu/ le>n 8 ,greek & ,lat91 b !re is an easi] way2 ! girls m5tion$ 9 ! lett] ,i cite _h hit ^u x4 ,t fav\rite girl pupil ( ,vittor9o's :o spoke & wrote ,greek ) 8rem>kable purity0 at twelve1 hav+1 s to speak1 done ) ,lat9 at an e>li] age--%e1 we may be sure1 _h n be5 ?r\gh ! gramm> s*ool gr9d4 ,nor _h any ( ! le>n$ ladies ( ! ,italian & ! ,fr5* ,r5aissance1 ! li/ ( ^: accompli%m5ts leaves u brea?less4 ,:ile /ill *ildr51 we "k h[ e>ly !y m>ri$1 _! k ( ! classics 0 copi\s 7& n too :olesome71 !y knew two or ?ree mod]n languages1 c\ld treat ! w\nd$1 nurse ! sick1 prep>e simples1 gov]n great h\seholds1 ride to *ase1 yes1 & kill too6 & d exquisite embroid]y4 ,our own wom5 ( ! ,tudor times appe> likewise to h be5 8inf9itely in=m$0 & to h c>ri$ _! le>n+ gaily2 ,m>ia ,!resa1 by no means a le>n$ lady1 c\ld make spee*es & conv]se ) h] ,magy> nobles 9 ,lat91 & !y c\ld respond1 nei!r kn[+ ! native spee* ( ! o!r4 ,if ^! ?+s 7 true ( girls & wom51 h[ mu* m 0 expect$ ( boys & m56 ,are we p]sons ( less intellig5ce1 or h[ did !y d x all8 ,e prep>atory s*ool kn[s h[4 ,p]haps few boys ent] ,public ,s*ools :o c\ld n pass 8,responsions10 t is1 :o are n1 z f> z ,greek goes1 ready = ,ox=d4 ,i once he>d a ,headma/] say3-- 8,a boy does z mu* ,lat9 n[ by ! age ( twelve z he w ev] ne$ = exam9ation purposes1 & he sp5ds ! next eight ye>s 9 do+ ov] aga9 & aga9 ! same "w6 ,a clev] boy ( twelve c\ld easily pass ,responsions40 ,a headma/] 9 ,newf\ndl& m5tions 9 8 s*ool report = #aije a boy :o 8began ,greek 9 ,octob] & pass$ ! ,ox=d ,responsions 9 ,janu>y40 ,!re is a leakage some:]e1 & !re is ov]lapp+1 & bo? are due to ! exam9ations ^u :i* s*ol>%ips are aw>d$4 ,some?+ mu/ be done1 because ,public ,s*ools1 ) all _! spl5did records1 are n effective 9 ! s5se t !y turn out ! av]age boy a good all-r\nd man4 ,= bett] or = worse1 :o kn[s8 ! ,democracy is com+ 9 l a flood1 & our old f\ndations w be toss$ ab\t 9 ! welt] unless we make ha/e to /r5g!n our weak places4 ,might n a commission--consi/+ ( two or ?ree headma/]s1 z _m prep>atory s*ool ma/]s1 ,univ]sity 8,dons10 & public m5 7once public s*ool boys & n[ ! fa!rs ( su* boys7 look into ! "q & devise exam9ation te/s :i* %all safegu>d ,lett]s1 anci5t & mod]n1 )\t putt+ too high a premium ^u s*ol>%ip8 ,once ! h&s ( s*oolma/]s 7 unit$1 !y w\ld no d\bt devise means by :i* our fri5d1 ! av]age boy1 w\ld get su* a k ( ! classics z %\ld op5 life-long res\rces to him4 ,l ! #8,b>on ( ,bradw>d9e' he w\ld g ab\t ) a pocket ,livy 7z he w\ld say1 8,titus ,livius107 to be read1 n lab\r$ at a few l9es at a "t3 ,! ,sev5 aga9/ ,!bes1 ,iphig5ia 9 ,aulis1 ! few trag$ies left to u by ! great dramati/s w\ld =m "p ( ! famili> backgr\nd ( 8 ?\ghts4 ,he w\ld "k some:at ( ! be/ t has be5 writt5 9 ,greek & ,lat91 :e!r ?r\gh pr9t$ translations or ?r\gh ! text itself r5d]$ 9 ! sort ( runn+ translation :i* "s ma/]s "k h[ to give4 ,p>i passu1 he w\ld d 8 %>e ( g]und-gr9d1 & con/rue ! two or ?ree books ( 8 pres5t limit$ acqua9tance4 ,b 8 limitations w\ld be recognis$1 & he w\ld n be requir$ to turn out ,greek & ,lat9 v]se4 ,meantime 8 ma/] w require him to "k pretty intimately a hundr$ wor?y books 9 addition to ! great novels--to be read 9 class p]iods1 9 vacation1 & 9 leisure "t--8 k ( ea* to be te/$ by a s+le bit ( oral description or writt5 "w 9 v]se or prose4 8,gr\nd he at ,gramm>10 sums up e successful s*ool boy's record z x did t ( ! dead 8,gramm>ian02 b ! t5 or twelve ye>s ( s*ool life %\ld yield m ?an ?is4 ,i say no?+ n[ ab\t ! tea*+ ( sci5ce1 = :i* mo/ s*ools provide1 except t = our g5]ation1 sci5ce seems to me to be ! way ( intellectual advance4 ,all ! same1 ! necessity incumb5t ^u u at ! mom5t is to inculcate a k ( ,lett]s4 ,m5 & _! motives1 ! hi/orical sequ5ce ( ev5ts1 pr9ciples = ! conduct ( life1 9 fact1 practical philosophy1 is :at ! em]g5cies ( ! times require u to possess1 & to be able to communicate4 ,^! ?+s are n to be arriv$ at by any %ort cut ( economics1 eug5ics1 & ! l1 b are ! ga!r$ h>ve/s ( _m seasons' s[+ ( poetry1 lit]ature1 hi/ory4 ,! nation is 9 sore ne$ ( wise m51 & ^! mu/ be made out ( educat$ boys4 ,,iii ,,k1 ,,reason1 ,,& ,,rebellion ,we h be5 v busy ab\t education ^! sixty ye>s or m--dilig5tly digg+1 prun+1 wat]+2 b !re is some?+ amiss ) our tree ( k2 its fruits1 bo? good & evil1 are ( a mean1 crabb$ sort1 ) s little to *oose betwe5 !m t sup]ior p]sons f9d x h>d to det]m9e :i* is :i*4 ,to exam9e ! individual apples w\ld be a long process1 b let me take "o at a v5ture3 is x n true t a conviction ( irresponsibility *>act]ises our g5]ation8 ,if ?is be true1 see+ t we all ?9k z we h be5 br\ght up to ?9k1 our education is at fault4 ,faulty education is to blame if private prop]ty be recklessly injur$ 9 broad day1 if work+ m5 d vital injury to _! c\ntry ?9k+ to s]ve _! ca/e1 if !re be p :o love to h x s1 z long z _! own int]e/s are immune4 ,! melan*oly fact is t ! p :o d damage to private prop]ty1 to public int]e/s1 & to t m delicate asset ( a nation1 public op9ion1 are all by way ( be+ educat$ 9 _! sev]al degrees4 ,all ( !m c write & speak cle>ly1 ?9k logically if n s9c]ely1 & exhibit a c]ta9 practical ability4 ,x is true t ! ,w> has *ang$ mu* & has br\ght u a tempor>y salvation1 b education mu/ secure to u our ga9s or ! la/ /ate ( ! nation may be worse ?an ! fir/4 ,no d\bt we are bett] & n worse ?an our =efa!rs2 &1 :]e we err1 x is ?r\gh ignorance4 8,?r\gh ignorance ye did x10 0 said ( ! wor/ crime t m5 h done2 & t appall+ (f5ce 0 wr\ght = no worse reason ?an because x is ! habit ( m or less lett]$ ignorance to foll[ speci\s argum5ts to logical conclusions4 ,! sapi5t ,ea/ kn[s all ab\t x4 ,lady ,lug>d tells u h[ 8! ,copts h a say+ t #89 ! beg9n+ :5 ,god creat$ ?+s ,he add$ to ev]y?+ its second4' #8,i g to ,syria1' said ,reason2 #8,i g ) y1' said ,rebellion40 ,we ne$ n foll[ ! o!r pairs t w5t =?1 b /ill ,reason is apt to be accompani$ by ,rebellion :5 x sets out 9 se>* ( a logical issue4 ,= x is a fatal error to ?9k t reason c take ! place ( k1 t reason is infallible1 t reasonable conclusions are ( necessity "r conclusions4 ,reason is a man's s]vant1 n 8 ma/]2 & behaves l a good & fai?ful s]vant--a sort ( #8,caleb ,bald]/one1' ready to lie royally 9 8 ma/]'s beho(--& br+ logical demon/ration ( any premiss :i* ! w *ooses to ent]ta94 ,b ! w is ! man1 ! w *ooses2 & ! man mu/ "k1 if ! w is to make j & discrim9at+ decisions4 ,?is is :at ,%akespe>e1 z great a philosoph] z a poet1 set himself to tea* u1 l9e ^u l9e1 precept ^u precept4 ,8 #8,leontes1' #8,o!llo1' #8,le>1' #8,prosp]o1' #8,brutus1' prea* on ! "o text--t a man's reason br+s c]ta9 infallible pro(s ( any notions he has wilfully *os5 to take up4 ,!re is no escape = u1 no %ort cut2 art is long1 especially ! art ( liv+4 ,9 ! days :5 ! work+ man repres5t$ only ! unit ( 8 family he pick$ up en\gh k to g on ) at *ur* & *apel1 by scrut9iz+ 8 neighb\r's do+s1 9 ! village p>liam5t1 held at pump or 8public10 f ! weekly news-%eet4 ,b we h *ang$ all t3 bodies ( work+ m5 h le>n$ by means ( union to act ) a mom5tum :i* may be p>alys+ or propell+ accord+ to :e!r ! m5 h or h n k4 ,)\t k1 ,reason c>ries a man into ! wild]ness & ,rebellion jo9s company4 ,! man is n to be blam$3 x is a glori\s ?+ to p]ceive y\r m9d1 y\r reason+ p[]1 act+ ( its own accord z x 7 & produc+ argum5t aft] argum5t 9 support ( any initial notion2 h[ is a man to be p]suad$1 :5 he wakes up to ?is trem5d\s p[] he has ( involunt>y reason+1 t 8 conclusions are n necess>ily "r1 b r t he :o reasons )\t k is l a *ild play+ ) edg$ tools8 ,foll[+ 8 reason1 he acquires ?is & ! o!r sort ( fre$om2 b is x n writt53-- 8,nor yet 7,grave ?is ^u ?y he>t67 if spiritual ?+s ,be lo/ ?r\gh apa?y1 or scorn1 or fe>1 ,%alt ?\ ?y humbl] fran*ises support1 ,h[ev] h>dly won or ju/ly de>40 ,if1 !n1 ! mann]s & ! de/9ies ( m5 are %ap$ by k1 x may be well to inquire fur!r into ! nature ( t evasive entity4 ,mat!w ,arnold helps u by (f]+ a ?reefold classification :i* appeals to common s5se--k ( ,god1 k ( m51 & k ( ! natural _w2 or1 z we %\ld say1 ,div9ity1 ! ,humanities1 & ,sci5ce4 ,b ,i ?9k we may g fur!r & say t ,lett]s1 if n 7z ,i said be=e7 ! ma9 cont5t ( k1 con/itute anyway ! conta9]--! wr\ght salv]1 ! exquisite vase1 ev5 ! alaba/] box to hold ! o9tm5t4 ,if a man _c ?9k )\t words1 if he :o ?9ks ) words w c]ta9ly express 8 ?\ghts1 :at ( ! monosyllabic habit t is fall+ ^u m5 ( all classes8 ,! *att] ( _m wom5 & "s m5 does n c\nt1 = ?\ght is ! la/ ?+ x is meant to express4 ,! ,greeks believ$ t a tra9+ 9 ! use & p[] ( words 0 ! *ief "p ( education1 recognis+ t if ! ?\ght fa!rs ! ^w1 s does ! ^w 9 turn fa!r ! ?\ght4 ,!y conc]n$ !mselves ) no language1 anci5t or mod]n1 save _! own1 b ( t !y acquir$ a consummate appreciation4 ,) ! words came ! great ?\ghts1 express$ 9 :atev] way ! em]g5cies ( ! ,/ate call$ =--9 wise laws1 victori\s battles1 glori\s temples1 sculpture1 drama4 ,= great ?\ghts anticipate great works2 & ^! come only to a p conv]sant ) ! great ?\ghts t h be5 writt5 & said4 ,9 :at /r5g? did ! y\nge/ & greate/ ( our ,premi]s br+ ab\t ! 8revival ( ,engl&08 ,he 0 =tifi$ by illimitable read+1 by a pres5t s5se ( a ?\s& impossibilities t _h be5 br\ght to pass--( a ?\s& ?+s s wisely said t wise action 0 a necess>y outcome4 ,to say t we z a nation are suff]+ f our contemptu\s depreciation ( k is to say t we scorn ,lett]s1 ! prop] vehicle ( all k4 ,let u glance at ! ?ree dep>tm5ts ( k to see 9 reg>d to :i* ( ! ?ree we are mo/ 9 error4 ,"s ( u are cont5t ) su* k ( ,div9ity z is to be pick$ up f ! weekly s]mon he>d 9 *ur*1 b ev5 ) ! qualification ( a degree 9 ,arts ,i wond] d our div9es lift u z mu* z !y might into t s]5] region :]e words fitly spok5 beget ?\ghts ( peace & holy purpose8 ,t wor%ip is ! ma9 end ( our ,*ur* s]vices is a sublime ideal1 b1 8,! ,way1 )\t :i* !re is no go+1 ! ,tru?1 )\t :i* !re is no kn[+1 ! ,life1 )\t :i* !re is no liv+10 mu/ ne$s be set be=e u 9 8words t burn10 & we wait = prea*]s l ^? ( a bygone day1 8,^: pulpit ?und]s %ook a nation's s\l40 ,x is possible t ! ,*ur* may err 9 keep+ u und]f$ ^u t k :i* is life1 b %e does n s5d u away empty4 ,we get "s little %>e1 too1 ( lit]ature1 poetry1 hi/ory3 a phrase1 a l9e1 lights up a day = u2 to read ( ,*>les ,fox's hav+ said1 8,poetry's ev]y?+10 ( t black conqu]or ( ! ,s\dan :o said1 8,)\t le>n+ life w\ld h nei!r pleasure nor sav\r0--^! ?+s d u good1 we _c tell :y4 ,b !re is a region ( app>5t /]ility 9 our intellectual life4 ,sci5ce says ( lit]ature1 8,i'll none ( x10 & sci5ce is ! preoccupation ( our age4 ,:atev] we /udy mu/ be dive/$ to ! bone1 & ! pr9ciple ( life goes ) ! fle% we /rip away3 hi/ory expires 9 ! process1 poetry _c come to bir?1 religion fa9ts2 we sit d[n to ! dry bones ( sci5ce & say1 ,"h is k1 all ! k !re is to "k4 8,i ?9k t is v wond]ful10 a little girl wrote 9 an exam9ation pap] aft] try+ to expla9 :y a leaf is gre54 ,t little girl _h f\nd ! pr9ciple--admiration1 wond]--:i* makes sci5ce vital1 & )\t wond] h] highe/ value is1 n spiritual1 b utilit>ian4 ,a man might z well collect mat*boxes1 l ^? *>m+ p 9 "o ( ,anatole ,france's novels1 z se>* = diatoma1 unless ! wond] ( ! _w be ev] fre% be=e 8 eyes4 ,9 ! eighte5? c5tury sci5ce 0 alive1 quick ) emotion1 & !re=e x f\nd expression 9 lit]ature4 ,/ill1 a ,li/]1 a ,pa/eur1 moves u1 & we feel t 9 "o dep>tm5t ( sci5ce1 anyway1 m5 /irr$ by ! passion ( humanity 78lett]s0 at ! f\nta9 head87 are do+ monum5tal "w4 ,b = ! mo/ "p sci5ce z %e is taught leaves u cold2 ! utility ( sci5tific discov]ies does n appeal to ! be/ t is 9 u1 ?\gh x makes a pretty urg5t & g5]al appeal to our l[] avidities4 ,b ! fault is n 9 sci5ce--t mode ( revelation :i* is grant$ to our g5]ation1 may we rev]5tly say8--b 9 our pres5tation ( x by means ( facts & figures & demon/rations t mean no m to ! g5]al audi5ce ?an ! po9t demon/rat$1 nev] %[+ ! wond] & magnific5t rea* ( ! law unfold$4 ,! ,hebrew poet :o taught u t 8,breadcorn is bruis$ 444 because 8 ,god do? in/ruct him & do? tea* him10 glorifi$ life4 ,col]idge has reveal$ ! inn]mo/ secret1 :e!r ( sci5ce or lit]ature3 speak+ on ! g5esis ( an idea1 he says1 8,:5 ! idea ( ,nature 7pres5t$ to *os5 m9ds by a ,high] ,p[] ?an ,nature h]self710 etc4 ,! man :o w\ld write = u ab\t ! true inw>dness ( wireless telegraphy1 say1 h[ truly x 0 a discov]y1 a reveal+ ( t :i* 0 !re & _h be5 !re all along1 might make our he>ts burn )9 u4 ,no d\bt !re are _m sci5tific m5 :o are also m5 ( lett]s1 & "s sci5tific books z inspir+ z great poems--b sci5ce is wait+ = its lit]ature2 &1 ?\gh we _c live 9 %ameful ignorance & mu/ get :at we c out ( ! s\rces op5 to u1 sci5ce z x is too commonly taught t5ds to leave u crude 9 ?\ght & h>d & n>r[ 9 judgm5t4 ,we are told t 9 times ( great upheaval x pr(its n to ca/ blame on ?is or t section ( ! community2 t we are all to blame ev5 = ! (f5ces ( individuals2 & we p>tly believe x because our fa!rs h told u2 ?us did ! prophets humble !mselves be=e ,god1 & bemoan$ ea* 8 exce$+ great s9 9 ! s9 ( 8 p4 ,we1 too1 are meek "u *a/isem5ts1 b we are vague &1 to t ext5t1 ins9c]e4 ,p]haps our duty is to give s]i\s ?\ght to ! problems ( our national life2 !n we may come to realise t man does n live by bread alone2 we may p]ceive t 8bread0 7or cake67 is our sole & f9al (f] to all p]sons ( all classes2 t we are los+ our s5se ( any values except+ money values2 t our "y m5 no long] see visions1 & are attract$ to a c>e] 9 proportion z 8!re's money 9 x40 ,no?+ c come out ( no?+1 &1 if we br+ up ! *ildr5 ( ! nation on sordid hopes & l[ ambitions1 ne$ we be surpris$ t e man plays = 8 own h&8 ,we recognise n[ & !n1 :5 ! %oe p9*es1 t ! nation is 9 ! ?rees ( a revolution1 b d we take tr\ble to f9d out ! cause ( 8indu/rial unre/0 & ! correct attitude ( ! public t[>ds t unre/8 ,! revolution :i* is 9 progress may1 x seems to me1 develop on ei!r ( two l9es3 ! m5 may get ^? 8humbl] fran*ises0 !y covet1 b at ! loss ( 8spiritual ?+s0--su* z ! "* = fair play1 /raight deal+1 & loyalty to contract1 :i* we l to ?9k ( z di/9ctively ,engli%4 ,b :at ab\t ! w>n+ t ^! 8humbl] fran*ises0 w be likewise lo/8 ,trade unionism is no new ?+2 c5turies ago & = c5turies1 z we "k1 ,engl& & ,europe 7 "u ! dom9ion ( ^? /ates )9 ! ,/ate--! ,trades ,guilds4 ,at ?is di/ance ( "t we c af=d to admire ^! = ! spiritual ?+s to :i* !y held fa/2 _! religi\s organisation1 ! ?or\gh tra9+ !y af=d$ to _! appr5tices1 & ! obligation e memb] ( a guild 0 "u to use j weights & measures & to turn out fir/ rate "w ( :atev] k9d4 ,b1 not)/&+ ^! moral safegu>ds1 ! tyranny ( ! guilds became insupportable1 & !y disappe>$ into ! limbo ( ?+s no long] s]viceable4 ,c\ld any dream ( ,socialism1 aga91 (f] m p]fect conditions ?an did ! ,russian village communes8 ,b ^! too e/abli%$ a tyranny :i* 0 felt to be m oppressive ?an s]fdom itself3 ! ,mir disappe>$1 lo/ 9 t ,geh5na :i* engulf$ ! guilds4 ,wordswor?'s prophetic l9es %\ld in/ruct u4 8,h[ev] h>dly won or ju/ly de>0 ^? humbl] fran*ises = :i* m5 are /&+ out 9 _! t5s ( ?\s&s ) unanimity1 c\rage1 devotion to a cause ju/ifi$ by _! ,,reason1 !y w n be able to support ^? same fran*ises if spiritual ?+s1 ! real ?+s ( life1 be lo/ 9 ga9+ !m4 ,!re=e we may pr$ict t ! pres5t movem5t may well issue 9 worse ?+s b w n issue 9 ! triumph ( ei!r trade unionism or syndicalism4 ,"h is our opportunity4 ,we blame ! workm5 = _! irresponsible action1 = :at seems to u ! reckless way 9 :i* ! poore/ are impov]i%$ & multitudes ( work]s are compell$ to unwill+ idl5ess4 ,b ^? ( u :o are nei!r m9]s nor own]s may n all[ ourselves irresponsible ?\ght or spee*1 & we may contribute our quota t[>ds appeasem5t4 ,x is )9 ev]ybody's prov9ce to influ5ce public op9ion1 if x be only ! op9ion ( two or ?ree2 we may raise ! :ole "q to a high] plane1 ! plane ( ^? spiritual ?+s--duty1 responsibility1 bro!rly love 7t[>ds all m57--:i* make ! f9al appeal4 ,we c\ld n1 & we ne$ n try to1 ob/ruct ! revolution ( :i* we are vaguely consci\s1 b we may help to make x a turn ( ! :eel :i* %all br+ u out ( ! d>kness ( a ,simplon ,tunnel into ! light & glory ( a ,lomb>d pla94 ,we may1 respect+ ! claims ( work+ m51 p]ceive t !y dem& too little1 & t ! ?+s !y dem& are n ^? :i* matt]4 ,ev5 ! %ock ( a revolution is n too high a price = an exp]i5ce :i* %\ld conv9ce u t k is ! basis ( a nation's /r5g?4 ,,iv ,,new ,,& ,,old ,,conceptions ,,( ,,k ,i h s f> advanc$ t 8k0 is undef9$ & probably indef9able2 t x is a /ate out ( :i* p]sons may pass & into :i* !y may return1 b nev] a /ore ^u :i* !y may draw2 t k-hung] is z univ]sal z bread-hung]2 t our be/ provision = convey+ k is m>vell\sly successful ) ! be/ m51 b r futile ) ! second be/2 t p]sons ^: education has n enri*$ !m ) k /ore up in=mation 7/ati/ics & o!r facts71 ^u :i* !y use _! reason+ p[]s2 t ! attempt to reason )\t k is disa/r\s2 & t1 dur+ ! pres5t di/ress1 ,engl& is1 = v>i\s economical reasons1 9 a condition ( intellectual inanition consequ5t ^u a failure 9 h] food supply1 9 ?is case ! supply ( food prop] = ! m9d4 ,i h glanc$ at ,k "u ! ?ree head+s sugge/$ by "o :o speaks ) au?ority1 & h cont5d$ t1 ev5 if ! k be divisible1 ! vehicle by :i* x is c>ri$ is "o & indivisible1 & t x is g5]ally impossible = ! m9d to receive k except ?r\gh ! *annel ( lett]s4 ,b ! m$ival m9d _h1 z we "k1 a m satisfactory conception ( k ?an we h arriv$ at4 ,k is = u a ?+ ( %r$s & pat*es1 k ( ?is & ( t1 ) yawn+ gaps betwe54 ,! s*ola/ic m$ival m9d1 probably work+ on ! scatt]$ h9ts :i* ! ,scriptures (f]1 work$ out a sublime ,filos(ica della ,religione ,cattolica1 pictur$1 = example1 9 ! great fresco pa9t$ by ,simone ,memmi & ,taddeo ,gaddi 7:i* ,rusk9 has taught u to "k71 & impli$ 9 8,! ,adoration ( ! ,lamb0 pa9t$ by ! two ,van ,eycks4 ,9 ! fir/ picture we get a ,p5teco/al ,desc5t1 fir/1 ^u ! c>d9al virtues & ! ,*ri/ian graces1 !n1 ^u prophets & apo/les1 & bel[ ^! ^u ! sev5 ,lib]al ,arts repres5t$ ea* by its capta9 figure1 ,cic]o1 ,ari/otle1 ,zoroa/]1 etc41 none ( !m ,*ri/ian1 n "o ( !m a ,hebrew4 ,"h we get ! magnific5t idea t all k 7undebas$7 comes f above & is convey$ to m9ds :i* are1 z ,col]idge says1 previ\sly prep>$ to receive x2 &1 fur!r1 t x comes to a m9d s prep>$1 )\t "q z to :e!r x be ! m9d ( pagan or ,*ri/ian2 a truly lib]al ca?olic idea1 x seems to me1 correspond+ m>vell\sly ) ! facts ( life4 ,z sublime & ev5 m explicit is ! ,prome!an fable :i* in=m$ ! ,greek m9d4 ,) ! s5se ( a sudd5 plunge we come d[n to our own r&om & ineffectual notions1 & are tempt$ to cry ) ,wordswor?1-- 8,great ,god6 ,i'd r be ,a ,pagan suckl$ 9 a cre$ outworn10 & "k t a ,god _h br\ght gifts ( k to m5 at awful co/1 ?an to sit s]5e 9 ! vague belief t k arrives 9 incoh]5t p>ticles1 no "o kn[s h[ & no "o kn[s :5ce2 or t x is self-g5]at$ 9 a man "h & !re :o gets out ( himself new insight into ! motions ( m9d & he>t1 a new p]ception ( ! laws ( life1 ! h9t ( a new amelioration 9 ! condition ( m54 ,because ! notion t we ent]ta9 ( k z be+ het]og5e\s lies at ! root ( our het]og5e\s !ories ( education1 x may be z well to quote a passage f ,rusk9's description ( t picture 9 ! *apel ( ! ,*ur* ( ,santa ,m>ia ,novella to :i* ,i h ref]r$3-- 8 444 ,on ?is side & ! opposite side ( ! ,*apel are repres5t$ by ,simon ,memmi's h&1 ! tea*+ p[] ( ! ,_s ( ,god & ! sav+ p[] ( ! ,*ri/ ( ,god 9 ! _w accord+ to ! und]/&+ ( ,flor5ce 9 8 "t4 8,we w take ! side ( intellect fir/4 ,b5ea? ! p\r+ =? ( ! ,holy ,_s 9 ! po9t ( ! ar* b5ea? are ! ?ree ,evangelical ,virtues4 ,)\t ^!1 says ,flor5ce1 y c h no sci5ce4 ,)\t ,love1 ,fai? & ,hope--no intellig5ce4 ,"u ^! are ! f\r ,c>d9al ,virtues 444 ,temp]ance1 ,prud5ce1 ,ju/ice1 ,=titude4 ,"u ^! are ! great ,prophets & ,apo/les4444 ,"u ! l9e ( ,prophets1 z p[]s summon$ by _! voices are ! my?ic figures ( ! sev5 !ological or spiritual & ! sev5 geological or natural sci5ces2 & "u ! feet ( ea* ( !m ! figure ( its ,capta9-tea*] to ! _w40 7,morn+s 9 ,flor5ce47 ,t is1 ! ,flor5t9es ( ! ,middle ,ages believ$ 9 8! tea*+ p[] ( ! ,_s ( ,god10 believ$ n only t ! sev5 ,lib]al ,arts 7 fully "u ! direct outp\r+ ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 b t e fruitful idea1 e orig9al conception1 be x 9 geometry1 or gramm>1 or music1 0 directly d]iv$ f a ,div9e s\rce4 ,:e!r we receive x or n1 & ! ,scriptures abundantly support su* a !ory reg>d+ ! occurr5ce ( k1 we _c fail to p]ceive t "h we h a h>moni\s & ennobl+ s*eme ( education & philosophy4 ,x is a pity t ! exig5cies ( 8 imm$iate "w prev5t$ ,rusk9 f inquir+ fur!r into ! orig91 ! f9al s\rce1 ( k1 b we may cont9ue ! inquiry = ourselves4 ,9 8! tea*+ p[] ( ! ,_s ( ,god0 we h a pregnant & inspir+ phrase4 ,suppos+ t we accept ?is m$ival philosophy t5tatively = pres5t relief1 :at w\ld be our ga9s8 ,fir/1 ! enorm\s relief af=d$ by a s5se ( unity ( purpose1 ( progressive evolution1 9 ! education ( ! race4 ,x induces great ease ( m9d to ?9k t k is dealt out to u accord+ to our prep>$ness & accord+ to our ne$s2 t ,god :isp]s 9 ! e> ( ! man :o is ready 9 ord] t he may be ! vehicle to c>ry ! new k to ! re/ ( u4 8,god has a few ( u :om ,he :isp]s 9 ! e>10 #8,abt ,vogl]' is made to say2 & ano!r poet causes 8 ,explor] to cry3-- 8,god *ose me = ,8 :isp]1 & ,i've f\nd x1 & x's y\rs60 ,next1 t k1 9 ?is light1 is no long] sacr$ & secul>1 great & trivial1 practical & !oretical4 ,all k1 dealt out to u 9 su* portions z we are ready =1 is sacr$2 k is1 p]haps1 a beautiful :ole1 a great unity1 embrac+ ,god & man & ! univ]se1 b hav+ _m p>ts :i* are n comp>able ) "o ano!r 9 ! s5se ( less or m1 because all are necess>y & ea* has its functions4 ,next1 we p]ceive t k & ! m9d ( man are to ea* o!r z are air & ! lungs4 ,! m9d lives by means ( k2 /agnates1 fa9ts1 p]i%es1 depriv$ ( ?is necess>y atmosph]e4 ,t1 x is n = a man to *oose1 8,i w le>n ?is or t1 ! re/ is n my conc]n02 /ill less is x = p>5t or s*oolma/] to limit a *ild to less ?an he c get at ( ! :ole field ( k2 =1 9 ! doma9 ( m9d at lea/ z mu* z 9 t ( morals or religion1 man is "u a ,div9e ,ma/]2 he has to "k z he has to eat4 ,t1 !re is n "o p]iod ( life1 our s*ool days1 9 :i* we sit d[n to regul> meals ( intellectual diet1 b t we mu/ eat e day 9 ord] to live e day4 ,t1 k & :at is kn[n z 8le>n+0 are n to be conf\nd$2 le>n+ may /ill be an available /ore :5 x is n k2 b by k "o gr[s1 becomes m ( a p]son1 & t is all t !re is to %[ = x4 ,we sometimes wond] at ! simplicity & mode/y ( p]sons ^: k is matt] ( repute2 b !y are n hid+ _! light2 !y are n aw>e ( any unusual possessions2 !y h no?+ to %[ b !mselves1 b we feel ! =ce ( _! p]sonalities4 ,n[1 =ceful p]sonalities1 p]sons ( weight & integrity1 ( decision & s\nd judgm5t1 are :at ! c\ntry is mo/ 9 ne$ (2 &1 if we propose to br+ su* p]sons up = ! public s]vice1 ! gradual inception ( k is "o condition among/ o!rs4 ,!re are v>i\s delightfully 8new0 educational sy/ems 9 fav\r1 9 all ( :i* a gra9 ( k is pres5t$ 9 a gallon ( w>m dilu5t4 ,we h ! !ory t x does n matt] :at a *ild le>ns1 b only h[ he le>ns x2 :i* is z s\nd z1 ,x does n matt] :at a *ild eats1 b only h[ he eats x1 !re=e fe$ him on sawdu/6 ,!n1 we h ,r\sseau's primitive man !ory1 t a *ild mu/ get all 8 k ?r\gh 8 own s5ses & by 8 own wits1 z if !re 7 no k wait+ to be pass$ on by ! small tor*-be>]2 & !re is ! !ory :i* obta9$ 9 ,ca?olic ,engl&1 exemplifi$ 9 m ?an "o ( ! ,wav]ley ,novels1 9 ! sports purvey$ = h] t5antry by #8,lady ,m>g>et ,bell5d51' = example4 ,^? m5 & maid5s _h be5 tra9$ z *ildr5 to be 8supple1 active1 heal?y1 ) s5ses al]t1 ready = dance & song1 ) an eye & e> ready = ! beautiful1 intellig5t1 happy1 capable40 7,i quote f a valuable lett] 9 ,! ,times74 ,:at ) our morris-dances1 pageants1 liv+ pictures1 miracle plays1 & s on1 we are reviv+ ! ,/u>t educational ideals1 & no d\bt we d well to aim at increas+ ! g5]al joy4 ,b our age requires m ( u2 9 ! sort ( self-activity & self-expression impli$ 9 ^! & 9 half a doz5 o!r educational !ories1 k plays no "p1 & ! city gam9 exhibits 9 p]fection e quality ( gaiety1 al]t intellig5ce1 delight 9 %[s1 :i* we set ourselves to cultivate4 8,) all ?y gett+1 get und]/&+10 is ! message = our ne$s1 & und]/&+ is1 9 "o s5se1 ! consci\s act ( ! m9d 9 appreh5d+ k1 :i* is 9 fact relative1 & does n exi/ = any p]son until t p]son's m9d acts ^u ! intellectual matt] pres5t$ to x4 8,:y w ye n und]/&80 is ! repeat$ & poignant "q ( ! ,gospels4 ,t is :at ails u z a nation1 we d n und]/&2 n ignorant p]sons only1 b educat$ m5 & wom51 employ fallaci\s argum5ts1 (f] prejudices = pr9ciples1 & platitudes = ideas4 ,if x be argu$ t ^! failures are due less to ignorance ?an to ins9c]ity1 ,i %\ld reply t ins9c]ity is an outcome ( ignorance2 ! d>k5$ intellig5ce _c see cle>ly4 8,! day is unto !m t "k10 b k is by no means ! facile acquirem5t ( ^? :o1 accord+ to ,rusk91 8cram to pass & n to "k40 ,i w\ld n be und]/ood z pass+ /rictures ^u ! va/ & excell5t educational "w ne>ly all tea*]s are do+2 x is impossible to g into an ,elem5t>y ,s*ool )\t be+ impress$ by ! compet5ce ( ! tea*]s & ! intellig5ce ( ! *ildr52 ,i h already paid a wor?less tribute to ,public ,s*ools1 & %\ld l "h to add a ^w ( affectionate & he>ty appreciation ( ! ,high ,s*ool girl z ,i "k h]1 ?\ghtful & well educat$--a p]son q undes]v+ ( ! sl+s & arr[s ( outrage\s criticism too freely aim$ at h]4 ,z = our new ,univ]sities1 !y remove ! /igma "u :i* _m ( u h suff]$ 9 pres5ce ( ! num]\s c5tres ( intellectual life :i* add dignity & grace to cont95tal cities4 ,! new ,univ]sities are full ( promise = ! l&4 ,we h1 no d\bt1 arriv$ at a good />t+ place1 b we may n consid] t ! j\rney is accompli%$4 ,i ne$ n repeat ! *>ges to :i* we h laid ourselves op5 because ( our ignorance1 b ,i %all endeav\r to take a clos] survey ( ! field ( education z reg>d$ f ! /&po9t ( k & ! innate aff9ities exi/+ 9 ! m9d ) t k :i* is prop] = x4 ,= ! pres5t ! ne$ is t 8ab/ract k0 %\ld pres5t itself to practical p]sons z ! cry+ dem& ( ! nation2 ! 8m&ate10 let u say1 pron\nc$ by c]ta9 g5]al failures to und]/& ! sci5ce ( relations1 & t o!r neglect$ =m ( k1 8! sci5ce ( ! proportion ( ?+s40 ,v ,,education ,,& ,,! ,,fullness ,,( ,,life 8,i mu/ live my life60 said ! notori\s b&it :o be=e ! ,w> t]roriz$ ,p>is2 & we h he>d ! sort ( cant (t51 ev5 be=e ,! ,doll's ,h\se gave to 8self-expression0 ! dignity ( a cult2 nev]!less1 ! brig& ,bonnot has done an ill turn to society1 = a misguid+ !ory neatly put is m dang]\s ?an an ill-example4 ,we are tir$ ( ! man :o claims to live 8 life at ! g5]al exp5se1 ( ! girl :o w live h]s to h] family's annoyance or di/ress2 b !re really is a great opportunity op5 to ! nation :i* w set itself to consid] :at ! life ( a man %\ld be & w give ea* individual a *ance to live 8 life4 ,we are do+ some?+2 we are try+ to op5 ! book ( nature to *ildr5 by ! prop] key--k1 acqua9tance by look & "n1 if n m1 ) bird & fl[] & tree2 we see1 too1 t ! magic ( poetry makes k vital1 & *ildr5 & gr[n-ups quote a v]se :i* %all add blackness to ! a%bud1 t5d] wond] to t 8fl[] 9 ! cranni$ wall10 a ?rill to ! song ( ! l>k4 ,z = ! num]\s field clubs ( ! nor!rn t[ns1 ! memb]s ( :i*1 weav]s1 m9]s1 artisans1 reveal !mselves z accompli%$ botani/s1 birdm51 geologi/s1 _! ,saturday rambles mean n only 8life10 b spl5did joy4 ,x is to be hop$ t ! opportunities af=d$ 9 ! s*ools w prep>e wom5 to take m "p 9 ^! excursions2 at pres5t ! "w done is too ?or\gh = _! endurance & = _! slight atta9m5ts4 ,9 ano!r direction we are do+ well2 we are s made t e dynamic relation1 be x leap-frog or high-fly+1 :i* we e/abli% ) ,"m ,e>?1 is a cause ( joy2 we beg9 to see ?is & are enc\rag+ swimm+1 danc+1 hockey1 & s on1 all in/rum5ts ( pres5t joy & p]man5t heal?4 ,aga91 we "k t ! human h& is a wond]ful & exquisite in/rum5t to be us$ 9 a hundr$ movem5ts exact+ delicacy1 direction & =ce2 e su* movem5t is a cause ( joy z x leads to ! pleasure ( execution & ! triumph ( success4 ,we beg9 to und]/& ?is & make "s ef=ts to tra9 ! "y 9 ! deft h&l+ ( tools & ! practice ( h&icrafts4 ,"s day1 p]haps1 we %all see appr5tice%ip to trades reviv$1 & good & beautiful "w en=c$4 ,9 s f>1 we are lay+ ourselves out to secure t ea* %all 8live 8 life02 & t1 n at 8 neighb\r's exp5se2 because1 s wond]ful is ! economy ( ! _w t :5 a man really lives 8 life he b5efits 8 neighb\r z well z himself2 we all ?rive 9 ! well-be+ ( ea*4 ,we are p]ceiv+1 too1 t a human be+ is end[$ ) an e> attun$ to h>mony & melody1 ) a voice f :i* music may issue1 h&s ^: delicate action may draw =? s\nds 9 en?rall+ sequ5ce4 ,) ! anci5t ,greeks1 we beg9 to realise t music is a necess>y "p ( education4 ,s1 too1 ( pictorial art2 at la/ we und]/& t e "o c draw1 & t1 because to draw is delightful1 e "o %\ld be taught h[2 t e "o delights 9 pictures1 & t education is conc]n$ to tea* him :at pictures to delight 94 ,a p]son may s+ & dance1 enjoy music & natural beauty1 sket* :at he sees1 h satisfaction 9 8 own good craftsman%ip1 lab\r ) 8 h&s at hone/ "w1 p]ceiv+ t "w is bett] ?an wages2 may live 8 life 9 v>i\s directions1 ! m ! m]ri]4 ,a c]ta9 pleasant play ( ! intellect att5ds ! do+ ( all ^! ?+s2 8 m9d is agreeably ex]cis$2 he ?9ks ^u :at he is do+1 (t5 ) excitem5t1 sometimes ) en?usiasm4 ,he says1 8,i mu/ live my life10 & he lives x 9 z _m ( ^! ways z are op5 to him2 no o!r life is impov]i%$ to supply 8 fullness1 b1 on ! contr>y1 ! sum ( g5]al joy 9 well-be+ is increas$ bo? ?r\gh sympa?y & by imitation4 ,?is is ! sort ( ideal t is obta9+ 9 our s*ools & 9 ! public m9d1 s t ! next g5]ation bid fair to be provid$ ) _m ways ( liv+ _! lives1 ways :i* d n encroa* ^u ! lives ( o!rs4 ,"h is ! contribution ( our g5]ation to ! sci5ce ( education1 & x is n an unwor?y "o2 we p]ceive t a p]son is to be br\ght up 9 ! fir/ place = 8 own uses1 & aft] t = ! uses ( society2 b1 z a matt] ( fact1 ! p]son :o 8lives 8 life0 mo/ completely is also ( mo/ s]vice to o!rs because he conta9s )9 him provision = _m s]viceable activities :i* are employ$ 9 liv+ 8 life2 &1 besides1 !re is a negative advantage to ! community 9 ! fact t ! man is able to live on 8 own res\rces4 ,b a man is n made up only ( eyes to see1 a he>t to enjoy1 limbs delightful 9 ! us+1 h&s satisfi$ ) p]fect execution3 life 9 all ^! k9ds is op5 m or less to all b ! idly deprav$4 ,b :at ( man's eag]1 hungry1 re/less1 insatiable m9d8 ,true1 we tea* him ! me*anical art ( read+ :ile he is at s*ool1 b we d n tea* him to read2 he has little p[] ( att5tion1 a poor vocabul>y1 little habit ( conceiv+ any life b 8 own2 to add to ! gate-money at a football mat* is 8 notion ( adv5ture & div]sion4 ,we are1 9 fact1 only tak+ c\nt ( ! purlieus ( t va/ doma9 :i* p]ta9s to e man 9 "r ( 8 human nature4 ,we neglect m9d4 ,we ne$ n consid] bra92 a duly n\ri%$ & duly ex]cis$ m9d takes c>e ( its physical organ provid$ t organ also receives its prop] mat]ial n\ri%m5t4 ,b our fault1 our exce$+ great fault1 is t we keep our own m9ds & ! m9ds ( our *ildr5 %amefully und]f$4 ,! m9d is a spiritual octopus1 rea*+ out limbs 9 e direction to draw 9 enorm\s rations ( t :i* "u ! action ( ! m9d itself becomes k4 ,no?+ c /ale its inf9ite v>iety2 ! heav5s & ! e>?1 ! pa/1 ! pres5t1 & future1 ?+s great & ?+s m9ute1 nations & m51 ! univ]se1 all are )9 ! scope ( ! human intellig5ce4 ,b !re w\ld appe> to be1 z we h se51 an unsuspect$ unwritt5 law conc]n+ ! nature ( ! 8mat]ial0 :i* is conv]t$ into k dur+ ! act ( appreh5sion4 ,! idea ( ! ,logos did n come by *ance to ! lat] ,greeks2 8,! ,^w0 is n a mean+less title appli$ to ! second ,p]son ( ! ,tr9ity2 x is n )\t significance t e utt]ance :i* fell f ,him is m>k$ by exquisite lit]>y fitness2 7a *ild's comm5t on a hymn t 0 read to h] 01 8t is n poetry2 ,jesus w\ld h said x mu* bett]072 9 r5d]+ an acc\nt ( ,8 augu/ commission ,*ri/ said3--8,i h giv5 unto !m ! words :i* ,?\ gave/ me02 & "o disciple voic$ ! re/ :5 he said1 8,?\ ha/ ! words ( et]nal life40 ,! ,greeks knew bett] ?an we t words are m ?an ?+s1 m ?an ev5ts2 ) all primitive peoples rhetoric appe>s to h be5 a p[]2 ! gr& old say+s :i* we h scorn$ z inv5tions are com+ to _! own aga91 because1 :at mod]n is capable ( su* inv5tions8 ,m5 move ! _w1 b ! motives :i* move m5 are convey$ by words4 ,n[1 a p]son is limit$ by ! numb] ( ?+s he is able to call by _! names1 qualify by appropriate epi!ts2 ?is is no m]e p$antic rul+1 x belongs to t unfa?omable my/]y we call human nature2 & ! mod]n notion ( education1 ) its %ibbole? ( 8?+s n words10 is intr9sically demoraliz+4 ,! human intellig5ce dem&s lett]s1 lit]ature1 ) a m ?an bread-hung]4 ,x is almo/ )9 liv+ memory h[ ! newly emancipat$ ,am]ican negroes fell ^u books z ! fami%$ ,israelites fell ^u food 9 ! des]t$ camp ( ,s5na*]ib4 ,only z he has be5 & is n\ri%$ ^u books is a man able to 8live 8 life40 ,a great deal ( me*anical lab\r is necess>ily p]=m$ 9 solitude2 ! m9]1 ! f>m-lab\r]1 _c ?9k all ! "t ( ! block he is hew+1 ! furr[ he is pl\gh+2 h[ good t he %\ld be figur+ to himself ! trial sc5e 9 ! ,he>t ( ,midlo?ian1 ! 8high-j9ks0 9 ,guy ,mann]+1 t 8 imag9ation %\ld be play+ ) #8,ann ,page' or #8,mrs4 ,quickly1' or t 8 lab\r goes ! bett] 8because 8 secret s\l a holy /ra9 repeats40 ,p1 work+ p1 d ^! ?+s4 ,_m a "o c say out ( a ri* exp]i5ce1 8,my m9d to me a k+dom is02 _m a "o cries ) ,br[n+'s #8,p>acelsus1' 8,god6 ,?\ art m9d6 ,unto ! ma/]-m9d1 ,m9d %\ld be preci\s4 ,sp>e my m9d alone60 ,we "k h[ 8,h mynde0 appe>s on ! tiles pav+ ! *oir ( ,/4 ,cross2 b 8mynde0 l body1 mu/ h its meat4 ,fai? has gr[n feeble 9 ^! days1 hope fa9ts 9 our heavy ways1 b *>ity waxes /rong2 we w\ld make all m5 millionaires if we c\ld1 or1 at any rate1 take f ! millionaires to give to ! multitude4 ,no d\bt "s b5efic5t & v5tur\s ,rob9 ,hood ( a m9i/] w arise 7has aris587 to take /eps 9 t direction2 b :5 all has be5 done 9 ! way ( social amelioration we %all n h enabl$ m5 to 8live _! lives0 unless we h giv5 !m a lit]>y education ( su* sort t !y *oose to cont9ue 9 ! pleasant places ( ! m9d4 8,t is all v well 9 !ory10 "s "o objects1 8b look at ! ,masses1 are !y able to receive ,lett]s8 ,:5 !y talk x is 9 j\rnalese1 & any?+ 9 ! nature ( a book mu/ be wat]$ d[n & padd$ to suit _! compreh5sion40 ,b is x n true t work+ m5 talk 9 8j\rnalese0 because x is only ! newspap]s t d !m ! grace to meet !m frankly on _! own level8 ,nei!r s*ool education nor life has put books 9 _! way1 & _! adoption ( ! only lit]>y spee* t (f]s b proves a natural aptitude = ,lett]s4 ,"o _c always avoid appeal to ! au?ority "o kn[s to be f9al1 & ,i w n apologise = cit+ ! fact at :i* no d\bt we h all wond]$ t ,*ri/ %\ld expose ! pr(\nde/ philosophy to ! multitude1 ! 8,_m10 :om ev5 ,socrates contemns4 ,may ,i quote1 ) apologies to ! writ]1 a lett] sign$ 8,a ,work+ ,man10 writt5 9 answ] to "o ( m9e :i* 0 hon\r$ by be+ repr9t$ 9 ,! ,times ,weekly ,edition8 7,x is good1 by ! way1 t su* a j\rnal %\ld be 9 ! h&s ( work+ m574 ,my correspond5t 8?anks ,heav5 t !re are /ill a few p]sons left 9 ?is c\ntry :o reg>d education z some:at diff]5t f a means ( keep+ a %op40 ,we may all ?ank ,heav5 t !re are work+ m5 :o value k = its own sake & hate to h x pres5t$ to !m z a means ( gett+ on4 ,! fact is1 ,lett]s make a univ]sal appeal because !y respond to c]ta9 innate aff9ities3 "y ,t5nysons1 ,de ,qu9ceys1 & ! l1 are1 z we all "k1 inord9ate read]s1 b ^! are capable ( =ag+ on _! own acc\nt2 x is = ! av]age1 ! dull1 & ! backw>d boy ,i w\ld lay urg5t claim to a lit]>y education2 ! m9ds ( su* z ^! respond to ?is & to no o!r appeal1 & !y turn out p]fectly intellig5t p]sons1 op5 to k by _m av5ues4 ,= work+ m5 ^: intellig5ce is 9 excess ( _! education1 ,lett]s are ! accessible vehicle ( k2 hav+ le>n$ ! elem5ts ( read+1 writ+1 & summ+1 x is unnecess>y to tr\ble !m ) any o!r 8begg>ly elem5ts02 _! natural intellig5ce & mature m9ds make !m capable ( deal+ ) difficulties z !y occur2 & = fur!r elucidation e work+ m5's club %\ld h an encyclopdia4 ,"s m5 naturally take to le>n+1 & w /ruggle manfully ) _! ,lat9 gramm>1 & ,cic]o1 _! ,euclid & trigonometry4 ,happy !y6 ,b ! g5]al conclusion rema9s1 t = m5 & wom5 ( all ages1 all classes1 & all complexions ( m9d1 ,lett]s are an imp]ative & daily requirem5t to satisfy t univ]sal m9d-hung]1 ! neglect ( :i* gives rise to emotional di/urbances1 &1 z a consequ5ce1 to evils t dismay u4 ,,vi ,,k ,,9 ,,lit]>y ,,=m ,i h s f> urg$ t k is necess>y to m51 & t1 9 ! initial /ages1 x mu/ be convey$ ?r\gh a lit]>y m$ium1 :e!r x be k ( physics or ( ,lett]s1 because !re w\ld seem to be "s inh]5t quality 9 m9d :i* prep>es x to respond to ?is =m ( appeal & no o!r4 ,i say 9 ! initial /ages1 because possibly1 :5 ! m9d becomes conv]sant ) k ( a giv5 type1 x unconsci\sly translates ! drie/ =mul into liv+ spee*2 p]haps x is = "s su* reason t ma!matics seem to fall outside ?is rule ( lit]>y pres5tation2 ma!matics1 l music1 is a spee* 9 itself1 a spee* irrefragably logical1 ( exquisite cl>ity1 meet+ ! requirem5ts ( m9d4 ,to consid] ,lett]s z ! /aple ( education is no new ?+2 nor is ! sugge/ion new t to turn a "y p]son into a libr>y is to educate him4 ,b "h we are br\ght to a /&2 ! m9d dem&s me?od1 ord]ly pres5tation1 z inevitably z x dem&s k2 & x may be t our educational misadv5tures are due to ! fact t we h all[$ ourselves to take up any haphaz>d ord]+ t is recomm5d$ ) suffici5t p]t9acity4 ,b no "o c live )\t a philosophy :i* po9ts out ! ord]1 means & end ( ef=t1 intellectual or o!r2 to fail 9 discov]+ ?is is to fall into melan*olia1 or m active madness3 s we g ab\t pick+ up a maxim "h1 a motto !re1 an idea else:]e1 & make a pat*work ( ! :ole :i* we call our pr9ciples2 begg>ly fragm5ts en\gh we piece toge!r to cov] our nak$ness & a hundr$ phrases :i* "o may he> any day betray lives f\nd$ ^u an ignoble philosophy4 ,no d\bt p are bett] ?an _! words1 bett] ?an _! own ?\ghts2 we speak ( ourselves z 8f9ite be+s10 b is !re any limit to ! g5]osity & nobility ( almo/ any p]son8 ,! ha/ily spok5 8,x is ! rule at sea10 t di/ress$ u a :ile ago1 :at a vi/a does x disclose ( *ivalric t5d]ness1 entire self-sacrifice6 ,human nature has n fail$2 :at has fail$ u is philosophy1 & t appli$ philosophy :i* is call$ education4 ,philosophy1 all ! philosophies1 old & new1 l& u on ! horns ( a dilemma2 ei!r we d well by ourselves & seek our own p]fection ( nature or condition1 or we d well by o!rs to our own loss or det]ioration4 ,if !re is a mean1 philosophy does n decl>e x4 ,!re are ?+s ( :i* we h desp]ate ne$3 we want a new scale ( values3 ,i suppose we all felt :51 9 ^? days be=e ! ,w>1 we read h[ sev]al millionaires w5t d[n 9 ! 8,titanic0 disa/]1 n only t _! millions did n matt]1 b t !y did n matt] to !m2 t possibly !y felt !mselves well quit ( an incessant fatigue4 ,we want m life3 !re is n life en\gh = our liv+2 we h no great engross+ int]e/s2 we ha/5 f "o engagem5t to ano!r & glance furtively at ! clock to see h[ "t1 life1 is gett+ on2 we triumph if a week seems to h pass$ quickly2 :o kn[s b t ! approa* ( an inevitable end might f9d u glad to get x all ov]8 ,we want hope3 we busy ourselves excit$ly ab\t "s object ( desire1 b ! pleasure we get is 9 ef=t1 n 9 atta9m5t2 & we read1 be=e ! ,w>1 ( ! numb] ( suicides among ,cont95tal s*oolboys1 = in/ance1 ) secret und]/&+2 :at is !re to live =8 ,we want to be gov]n$3 s]vants l to receive _! 8ord]s02 soldi]s & s*oolboys enjoy discipl9e2 !re is satisfaction 9 /r+5t ,c\rt etiquette2 ! fact ( be+ 8"u ord]s0 adds dignity to "*4 ,:5 we revolt x is only t we may transf] our allegiance4 ,we want a new />t3 we are sick ( ourselves & ( kn[+ 9 advance h[ we %all behave & h[ we %all feel on all occasions2 ! *ange we half-unconsci\sly desire is to o!r aims1 o!r ways ( look+ at ?+s4 ,we feel t we are m ?an !re is room =2 o!r conditions might give u room2 we don't "k2 any way1 we are uneasy4 ,^! are two or ?ree ( ! secret matt]s t oppress u1 & we are 9 ne$ ( a philosophy :i* %all deal ) su* ?+s ( ! _s4 ,we believe we %\ld be able to rise to its dem&s1 h[ev] exigeant1 = ! failure is n 9 u or 9 human nature s mu* z 9 our limit$ k ( conditions4 ,! cry ( decad5ce is dispirit+1 b is x well-f\nd$8 ,! beautiful little g[ns t h come d[n z heirlooms w\ld n fit ! 8div9ely tall0 daught]s ( _m a h\se :]e !y are treasur$4 ,we h become frank1 tru?ful1 k9d2 our consci5ti\sness & our *>ity are morbid2 we _c re/ 9 our b$s = a disproportionate anxiety = ! well-be+ ( ev]ybody2 we ev5 exce$ ! g5]\s haz>d1 t1 p]adv5ture = a good man "o might be f\nd to die2 almo/ any man w risk 8 life = ! p]i%+ )\t "q ( good or bad2 & we expect no less f firem51 doctors1 life-boatm51 p>sons1 ! g5]al public4 ,& :at a comm5t on ! spl5did magnanimity ( m5 does ! ,w> af=d6 ,an annoy+ inquiry conc]n+ risks at sea almo/ result$ 9 a rul+ t no "o %\ld let himself be sav$ s long z o!rs 7 9 dang]2 x is prepo/]\s1 b is :at human nature expects ( itself4 ,no1 we are n decad5t on ! :ole1 & our uneas9ess is p]haps caus$ by gr[+ pa9s4 ,we may be poor ?+s1 b we are ready to break =? into s++ %\ld ! *ance op5 to u ( a full life ( passionate devotion4 ,n[1 all our exigeant dem&s are met by words writt5 9 a ,book1 & by ! manife/ations ( a ,p]son2 & we are wait+ = a ,*ri/ianity su* z ! _w has n yet kn[n4 ,hi!rto1 ,*ri/ has exi/$ = our uses2 b :at if a "t 7 com+ :5 we1 also1 %\ld ta/e ! 8ori5tall fragrancie0 (1 8,my ,ma/]60 ,s x %all be :5 ! %\t ( a ,k+ is among u1 & are !re n premonitions8 ,b ^! ?+s come n by pray] & fa/+1 by good works & self-d5ial1 alone2 !re is some?+ prior to all ^! ^u :i* our ,ma/] insi/s ) di/ressful urg5cy1 8,:y w ye n "k8 ,:y w ye n und]/&80 ,my excuse = t\*+ ^u our mo/ intimate conc]ns is t ?is matt]1 too1 belongs to ! doma9 ( ,lett]s2 if we propose to seek k we mu/ proce$ 9 an ord]ly way1 recognis+ t ! pr9cipal k is ( mo/ importance2 ! pres5t writ] writes & ! read] reads1 because we are all mov$ by ! _s ( our "t2 ^! ?+s are our secret preoccupation1 = we h come out ( a long ali5ation z p]sons 8we>i$ ) trifles10 & are ready & anxi\s = a new age4 ,we "k ! way1 & we "k :]e to f9d our rule ( ! road2 b we mu/ br+ a new zeal & a new me?od to our /udies2 we may no long] dip "h & !re or read a p]functory *apt] ) a view to f9d "s ^w ( c\nsel or com=t = our use4 ,we are engag$ 9 ! /udy (1 9 not+ ! developm5t (1 t consummate philosophy :i* meets e occasion ( our lives1 all dem&s ( ! intellect1 e uneas9ess ( ! s\l4 ,! arrogance :i* pron\nces judgm5t ^u ! writt5 8,^w0 ^u s slight an acqua9tance z w\ld h>dly enable u to cov] a %eet or two ( pap] ) say+s ( ! ,ma/]1 :i* conf9es ! ,div9e tea*+ to ! great ,s]mon1 ( :i* we are able to rehe>se "s half-doz5 s5t5ces1 is z absurd z x is blamewor?y4 ,let u give at lea/ z pr(\nd att5tion to ! tea*+ ( ,*ri/ z ! disciples ( ,plato1 say1 gave to 8 words ( wisdom4 ,let u obs]ve1 note-book 9 h&1 ! ord]ly & progressive sequ5ce1 ! p5etrat+ quality1 ! irresi/ible appeal1 ! unique cont5t ( ! ,div9e tea*+2 7= ?is purpose x might be well to use "s "o ( ! approximately *ronological arrangem5ts ( ! ,gospel ,hi/ory 9 ! words ( ! text74 ,let u read1 n = our pr(it+1 ?\gh t w come1 b = love ( t k :i* is bett] ?an ?\s&s ( gold & silv]4 ,by & by we p]ceive t ?is k is ! *ief ?+ 9 life2 ! mean+ ( ,*ri/'s say+1 8,behold1 ,i make all ?+s new10 dawns ^u u2 we get new ideas z to ! relative wor? ( ?+s2 new vig\r1 new joy1 new hope are ours4 ,if we believe t k is ! pr9cipal ?+1 t k is tri-p>tite1 & t ! fundam5tal k is ! k ( ,god1 we %all br+ up our *ildr5 z /ud5ts ( ,div9ity & %all pursue our own life-long /udies 9 ! same s*ool4 ,!n we %all f9d t ! weekly s]mons = :i* we are prep>$ are z bread to ! hungry2 & we %all p]haps und]/& h[ enorm\s is ! dem& we make ^u ! cl]gy = liv+1 orig9al ?\ght4 ,x is only z we are initiat$ t sci5ce & 8,nature0 come to our aid 9 ?is *ief pursuit2 !n1 !y 8_! great ,orig9al proclaim02 b :ile we are ignorant ( ! pr9cipal k !y rema9 dumb4 ,lit]ature & hi/ory h always great matt]s to speak ( or sugge/1 because !y deal ) /ates or phases ( moral gov]nm5t & moral an>*y1 & tacitly indicate to u ! sole key to all ?is un9telligible _w2 & lit]ature n only reveals to u ! deepe/ ?+s ( ! human _s1 b x is pr(itable also 8= example ( life & in/ruction 9 mann]s40 ,we are at ! p>t+ ( ! ways2 our late/ educational au?ority1 "o :o kn[s & loves little *ildr51 w\ld away ) all tales & hi/ories t appeal to ! imag9ation2 let *ildr5 le>n by means ( ?+s1 is h] m&ate2 & ! *>m & t5d]ness ) :i* x is deliv]$ may well bl9d u to its desolat+ "*4 ,we recognise ,r\sseau1 ( c\rse1 & 8 ,emile1 t self-suffici5t p]son :o %\ld "k no?+ ( ! pa/1 %\ld see no visions1 all[ no au?ority4 ,b human nature 9 *ildr5 is /rong] ?an ! eighte5? c5tury philosoph] & ! !ories :i* he cont9ues to in=m4 ,:oev] has told a fairy tale to a *ild has be5 made aw>e ( t natural appet5cy = lett]s to :i* x is our bus9ess to m9i/]4 ,are we n able to believe t words are m ?an meat1 &1 s believ+1 %all we n rise up & insi/ t *ildr5 %all h a lib]al diet ( ! _s8 ,r\sseau1 9 spite ( false analogies1 fallaci\s argum5ts1 0 able to summon fa%ionable mo!rs & m5 ( ! _w ?r\gh\t ,europe to ! great task ( education1 because 8 eloqu5ce conv9c$ !m t ?is 0 _! assign$ "w & a "w capable ( a*ievem5t2 & we :o p]haps see ) cle>] eyes %\ld d well to *]i% ?is legacy--! conviction t ! education ( ! succe$+ g5]ation is ! *ief bus9ess ( e age4 ,nev]!less1 ?\gh we are ourselves em]g+ f ! sl\gh ( mat]ialism1 we are will+ to plunge *ildr5 into its heavy ways ?r\gh ! ag5cy ( a 8practical0 & 8useful0 education2 b *ildr5 h _! rights1 & among ^! is ! fre$om ( ! city ( m9d4 ,let !m use ?+s1 "k ?+s1 le>n ?r\gh ?+s1 by all means2 b ! m !y "k ,lett]s ! bett] !y w be able1 ) due in/ruction1 to h&le ?+s4 ,i d n hesitate to say t ! :ole ( a *ild's in/ruction %\ld be convey$ ?r\gh ! be/ lit]>y m$ium available4 ,8 hi/ory books %\ld be writt5 ) ! lucidity1 conc5tration1 p]sonal conviction1 directness1 & admirable simplicity :i* *>act]izes a "w ( lit]>y calibre4 ,s %\ld 8 geography books2 ! s-call$ sci5tific me?od ( tea*+ geography n[ 9 vogue is calculat$ to place a *ild 9 a some:at priggi% relation to ,"m ,e>?2 x is impossible1 too1 t ! human intellig5ce %\ld assimilate ! s5t5ces "o meets ) 9 _m books = *ildr51 b ! memory reta9s !m & ! *ild is put 9 ! false attitude ( "o :o (f]s pseudo-k4 ,mo/ ( ! geography books1 = example1 require to be translat$ into t]ms ( lit]ature be=e !y c be appreh5d$4 ,great confid5ce is plac$ 9 diagrammatic & pictorial repres5tation1 & x is true t *ildr5 enjoy diagrams & und]/& !m z !y enjoy & und]/& puzzles2 b !re is apt to be 9 _! m9ds a great gulf betwe5 ! diagram & ! fact x illu/rates4 ,we tru/ mu* to pictures1 lant]n slides1 c9ematograph displays2 b )\t lab\r !re is no pr(it1 & probably ! pictures :i* rema9 ) u are ^? :i* we h fir/ conceiv$ ?r\gh ! m$ium ( words2 pictures may help u to correct our notions1 b ! imag9ation does n "w ^u a visual pres5tation2 we lay ! phrases ( a description on our palette & make our own pictures2 7works ( art belong to ano!r category74 ,we recollect h[ ,dr4 ,arnold 0 uneasy until he got details en\gh to =m a m5tal picture ( a place new to him4 ,s x is ) *ildr5 & all p]sons ( orig9al m9d3 a map to put ! place 9 position1 & !n1 all ab\t x1 is :at we want4 ,read+s 9 lit]ature1 :e!r ( prose or poetry1 %\ld g5]ally illu/rate ! hi/orical p]iod /udi$2 b selections %\ld be avoid$2 *ildr5 %\ld read ! :ole book or ! :ole poem to :i* !y are introduc$4 ,"h we are confront$ by a s]i\s difficulty4 ,plato1 we "k1 det]m9$ t ! poets 9 8 8,republic0 %\ld be well look$ aft] le/ !y %\ld write matt] to corrupt ! morals ( y\?2 aw>e ( :at happ5$ 9 ,europe :5 ! flood-gates ( k 7 op5$1 ,erasmus 0 anxi\sly solicit\s on ?is score1 & x is a little surpris+ to f9d t "h1 ,rossetti 0 on ! side ( ! angels4 ,w ! publi%]s1 :o1 s9ce ,fri$ri* ,p]!s discov]$ _! educational mission1 h done s mu* = ! _w1 help u 9 ?is matt] also8 ,!y mu/ excise ) a mo/ sp>+ h&1 always "u ! guidance ( a jeal\s s*ol>2 b :at an ease ( consci5ce x w\ld be to tea*]s if !y c\ld ?r[ op5 ! _w ( books to _! s*ol>s )\t fe> ( ! m5tal & moral smudge left by a s+le pruri5t passage6 ,_m1 too1 :o h tak5 out _! fre$om 9 ! republic ( lett]s w\ld be well cont5t to keep complete libr>y editions 9 co/ly b9d+s 9 _! prop] place1 :ile h&y volumes 9 daily use might be left ab\t )\t uneas9ess4 ,! ,old ,te/am5t itself aft] su* a 7v gu>d$7 process w\ld be m available = ! read+ ( *ildr52 & few p]sons w\ld feel t ,%akespe>e's plays suff]$ f ! removal ( obsc5ities "h & !re4 ,9 ?is reg>d we *]i% a too sup]/iti\s piety4 ,9 ano!r matt]1 let t great 8rem$ial ?9k]10 ,dr4 ,arnold1 advise u3--8,adju/ y\r propos$ am\nt ( read+ to y\r "t & incl9ation2 b :e!r t am\nt be l>ge or small let x be v>i$ 9 its k9d & widely v>i$4 ,if ,i h a confid5t op9ion on any "o po9t connect$ ) ! improvem5t ( ! human m9d x is on ?is40 ,"h we get support = a v>i$ & lib]al curriculum2 &1 z a matt] ( fact1 we f9d t ! pupil :o /udies a numb] ( subjects kn[s !m z well z he :o /udies a few kn[s ^? few4 ,*ildr5 %\ld read books1 n ab\t books & ab\t au?ors2 ?is sort ( read+ may be left = ! sp>e h\rs ( ! dilettante4 ,_! read+ %\ld be c>efully ord]$1 = ! mo/ "p 9 hi/orical sequ5ce2 !y %\ld read to "k1 :e!r x be ,rob9son ,crusoe or ,huxley's ,physiography2 _! k %\ld be te/$1 n by que/ions1 b by ! oral 7& occasionally ! writt57 reproduction ( a passage aft] "o read+2 all fur!r processes t we conc]n ourselves ab\t 9 tea*+1 ! m9d p]=ms = itself2 &1 la/ly1 ?is sort ( read+ %\ld be ! *ief bus9ess 9 ! class room4 ,we are at a crucial mom5t 9 ! hi/ory ( ,engli% education4 ,john ,bull is rum9at+4 ,he says1 8,i h lab\r$ at ! high] education ( wom52 let !m back to ! cook+-pot & di/aff & le>n ! sci5ce 767 ( dome/ic economy4 ,i h tri$ = ^! =ty ye>s to educate ! *ildr5 ( ! p4 ,:at is ! result8 ,/rikes & swell$ head6 ,let !m h 'pr5tice s*ools & le>n :at w be _! bus9ess 9 life60 ,john ,bull is wrong4 ,9 s f> z we h fail$ x is t we h (f]$ ! p$antry1 ! m]e v]biage1 ( k 9 lieu ( k itself2 & x is "t = all :o d n hold k 9 contempt to be up & do+2 !re is "t yet to save ,engl& & to make ( h] a great] nation1 m wor?y ( h] opportunities4 ,b ! c\ntry ( our love w n /& /ill2 if we let ! p s9k into ! mire ( a mat]ial education our doom is seal$2 eyes n[ liv+ w see u take ev5 a ?ird-rate place among ! nations1 = x is k t exalte? a nation1 because out ( duly-ord]$ k proce$e? righte\sness & prosp]ity ensue?4 8,?9k cle>1 feel deep1 be> fruit well10 says our once famili> m5tor1 ,mat!w ,arnold1 & 8 monition exactly meets our ne$s4 ,,supplem5t>y ,,too ,,wide ,a ,,me% 8,! wide _w dream+ on ?+s to come0 is conc5trat+ on a lum9\s figure ( education :i* x beholds1 dimly1 em]g+ f a cl\dy horizon4 ,?is graci\s pres5ce is to *ange ! _w1 to give to all m5 wid] possibilities1 o!r ?\ghts1 aims3 b1 alas1 ?is ,education :i* is to be op5 to all promises no m on a ne>] view ?an to make ,opportunity univ]sal--t is1 9 spiritual ?+s1 he may take :o has ! p[] & he may keep :o c4 ,! net is ca/ wide no d\bt & br+s 9 a mighty haul b ! me%es are s wide t x w only reta9 big fi%es4 ,n[ ?is is ! hi/ory ( education s9ce ! _w 0 & is no new ?+4 ,! m$ival s*ools ( ca/le or abbey1 ! ,r5aissance s*ools1 ! v s*ools ( ,*9a1 h all be5 conduct$ ^u ?is plan4 ,education is = him :o wants x & c take x b is no univ]sal boon l ! air we brea! or ! sun%9e we revel 94 ,we are a little sorry = ! effect ( ?is limitation ^u ! #8work+ classes'3 only a small p]c5tage ( ! *ildr5 ( ^! are #8big' en\gh to be reta9$ 9 ! exam9ation net :i*1 to d x ju/ice1 explores all wat]s4 ,a few ( ! pass m5 may d big ?+s & fill big po/s1 b = ! re/1 a l>ge p]c5tage is1 9 practice1 illit]ate except = ! spell+ out ( a local #8rag' = football & p>i% news4 ,b is ! mis*ief conf9$ to :at we call ! #8work+ classes'8 ,is x n a fact t 9 mo/ s*ools ! full =ce ( in/ruction is turn$ on ^u a few boys :o are likely to di/+ui% !mselves8 ,:ile = ! re/ ( ! s*ool tea*+ is duly giv5 no d\bt b ! boys f9d !y may take x or leave x z ! hum\r takes !m4 ,we 7 all fasc9at$ a :ile ago by ! /ory ( a pair ( *>m+ #8,tw9s'2 ^! w5t ?r\gh ! usual prep>atory s*ool education & !n pass$ on to a great ,public ,s*ool :]e !y rema9$ until !y 7 n9ete52 t is1 !y _h t5 or twelve good ye>s among mo/ excell5t opportunities4 ,z !y 7 attractive boys we may take x t _! ma/]s 7 n at any rate unwill+ to tea* !m4 ,_! record %\ld h be5 q a good "o1 &1 ?\gh x is ! fa%ion to sne] a little at ,public ,s*ools1 we "k t ^! h turn$ out & d turn out ! be/ & mo/ intellectual m5 ! c\ntry has occasion =4 ,!re=e :at happ5$ 9 ! case ( ^! #8,tw9s' does n ca/ any reflection ^u ,public ,s*ools b solely ^u ! sy/em ( ! ,big ,me%4 ,"h are "s ( ! ?+s we read 9 t delightful biography3-- 8,:ile 9 hospital aft] a sma% at polo ,r---- wrote to ,f----3--#8,i enjoy$ x imm5sely4 ,:at lucky p we are tak+ an int]e/ 9 s _m ?+s6'0 ,surely "h 0 mat]ial = a s*oolma/] to "w ^u6 ,aga91 we read3-- 8,!y nev] ceas$ to wond] at ! magnific5ce ( ! _w & !y c>ri$ a div9e innoc5ce into soldi]+ & travel & sport & bus9ess &1 n lea/1--into ! %ad[s ( ! ,great ,w>40 ,& ?is #8wond]' ( !irs 0 ! note t m>k$ !m at s*ool4 ,aga91 :at mat]ial = _! in/ructors6 8,b10 we read1 8at ,x---- !y %[$ little int]e/ 9 books &1 lat]1 7 wont to lam5t to ea* o!r t #8,!y _h left s*ool :olly un$ucat$4'0 7,! italics are ours47 ,_! k9dly biograph] & de> fri5d goes on to say3-- 8,b !y le>nt o!r ?+s1--! gift ( lead]%ip1 = in/ance1 & ! p[] ( gett+ alongside all v>ieties ( human nature40 ,b 0 n ?is nature r ?an nurture1 s*ool nurture at any rate1 = ^! gifts seem to h be5 a family inh]itance8 ,born 9 #ahhj1 !y left s*ool 9 #ahii1 :5 !re foll[s a delightful record = ! "o bro!r ( successful & adv5tur\s sport :ile-- 8,r---- 0 soon absorb$ 9 ! city 444 & beg9n+ to lam5t 8 want ( education40 8,f----1 :ile 9 ,egypt 0 greatly impress$ by ,"l ,crom] & writes to ,r----1 #8he is q ! bigge/ man we h6444 to he> him talk is wor? he>+4'0 ,! two bro!rs correspond con/antly & ,r---- takes ! "p ( m5tor to 8 bro!r4 ,he advises him to le>n ,! ,times lead]s by he>t to improve 8 /yle1--8because !y are v good ,engli%40 ,aga91-- 8,i w s5d y out next mail a v good book1 ,sci5ce & ,education1 by ,pr(essor ,huxley :i* ,i h m>k$ 9 sev]al places1 ! sort ( book y c read ov] aga940 ,r---- 8_h discov]$ t he 0 v badly educat$ & 0 det]m9$ to rem$y ?is defect3--#8,x don't matt] 444 ,i d believe n hav+ le>n$ at ,x---- s long z "o does s n[4'0 ,see ! f9e loyalty ( ! "y man2 8 failures 7 n to be put d[n to 8 s*ool6 ,if ! s*ools take cr$it = any "o ?+ x is t !y %[ _! pupils #8h[ to le>n'2 b d !y8 ,we are told t ,r---- set to "w at a que] assortm5t ( books & writes to ,f----3-- 8,anyone c improve 8 memory3 ! be/ way is by le>n+ by he>t--no matt] :at--& !n :5 y ?9k y "k x1 say x or write x4444 ,aft] two or ?ree days y are sure to =get x aga9 & !n in/ead ( look+ at ! book #8/ra9 y\r m9d' & try to rememb] x4 ,above all ?+s always keep y\r m9d employ$4 ,"o great man 7,i =get :i*7 us$ to see a numb] on a door1 say #fi1 & tri$ to rememb] all t _h happ5$ 9 ! ye>s end+ 9 #fi4 ,or1 see a horse & rememb] h[ _m y h se5 t day4444 ,asqui? always le>ns ?+s by he>t1 he nev] wa/es a m9ute2 z soon z he has no?+ to d he picks up "s book4 ,he reads till #a-cj e night4 ,:5 driv+ to ! ,temple next morn+ he ?9ks ov] :at he has read4 ,result3 he has a m>vell\s memory & kn[s ev]y?+40 ,?9k ( ! ,h]culean lab\rs ! poor fell[ set = bo? himself & 8 bro!r6 ,!y ran an intellectual race across a pl\gh$ field aft] heavy ra9 & ! m>vel is t !y made way at all4 ,yet ^! two bro!rs _h suffici5t intellectual zeal to h made !m great m5 z ,ambassadors1 ,gov]nors ( ,dom9ions1 ,/atesm51 :at n2 :]eas s f> z ?+s ( ! m9d g1 !y sp5t _! days 9 a hopeless /ruggle1 al]t = any indication :i* might help !m to make up lee-way1 & all because1 accord+ to _! own confession1 !y #8_h le>n$ no?+ at s*ool4' ,"h are fur!r indications ( ,r----'s lab\rs 9 ! field ( k3-- 8,i am read+ ,roseb]y's ,napoleon & w s5d x to y4 ,:at a wond] he 06 ,nev] sp5t a mom5t ( 8 life )\t le>n+ some?+4444 ,i enclose an essay f ,bacon's book4 ,le>n x by he>t if y c4 ,i h & ?9k x a cl9k]4444 ,i h also f9i%$ ,life ( ,macaulay4 ,i h always wond]$ h[ our great politicians & lit]>y *aps live4444 ,i also s5d y a ,%akespe>e4 ,i le>nt ,antony's h>angue to ! ,romans aft] ,cs>'s dea?2 ,i am also try+ to le>n a little ab\t electricity & railroad organization1 s h my "t fill$ up4 ,pickwick ,pap]s ,i also s5d to y4 ,i h always avoid$ ?is sort ( books b ,dick5s' works are miles funni] ?an ! rott5 novels "o sees4444 ,i h le>nt "o ?+ by my read+ & my conv]sation ) ,pr(essors1--y & ,i g at a subject all wrong40 7,italics ours47 ,^! lett]s are pa!tic docum5ts &1 t !y are reassur+ also1 let u be ?ankful4 ,!y d g to prove t ! desire ( k is inext+ui%able :atev] s*ools d or leave undone2 b h ^! no?+ to answ] = :5 a pursuit :i* %\ld yield ev] recurr+ refre%m5t becomes dogg$ lab\r ov] heavy roads ) little pleasure 9 progress8 ,"h1 aga91 is ano!r evid5ce ( ! limitations att5d+ an utt] abs5ce ( education4 ,a cultivat$ s5se ( hum\r is a great factor 9 a joy\s life1 b ^! "y m5 are )\t x4 ,p]haps ! y\? addict$ to sports usually fails to appreciate delicate nons5se2 sports are too /r5u\s to admit ( a subtl]1 m airy k9d ( play & we read3-- 8,r---- he>d ,mr4 ,balf\r & ,"l ,reay prais+ ,alice 9 ,wond]l&4 ,deeply impress$ he b\ght ! book z soon z he return$ to ,london & read x e>ne/ly4 ,to 8 horror he saw no s5se 9 x4 ,!n x /ruck him t x might be meant z nons5se & he _h ano!r try1 :5 he conclud$ t x 0 r funny b he rema9$ disappo9t$40 ,we ne$ n foll[ ! c>e] ( ^! int]e/+ m5 fur!r4 ,bo? fell e>ly be=e !y 7 =ty4 ,_! f9e qualities & _! p]sonal fasc9ation rema9$ ) !m to ! end1 z did also1 alas1 _! inv9cible ignorance4 ,!y lab\r$ indefatigably1 b1 z ,r---- rem>k$1--8,y & ,i g at a subject all wrong60 ,! s*ools mu/ tell u :y m5 :o atta9$ m$iocre successes & ! p]sonal fav\r due to *>m+ mann]s & sweet natures 7 yet some:at depress$ & disappo9t$ on acc\nt ( ! ignorance :i* !y made bl9d & futile ef=ts to correct2 b !y nev] got s f> z to le>n t k is delightful because "o likes x2 & t no ef=t at self-education c d any?+ until "o has f\nd out ?is supreme delightfulness ( k4 ,x mu/ be not$ t ?is failure ( a great s*ool to fulfil its purpose occurr$ tw5ty ye>s ago1 & t no educational body has made m well-consid]$ & enlight5$ advances ?an h ! ,headma/]s ( ! great ,public ,s*ools4 ,probably t delightful gr\p ( ,eton boys 9 ,con+sby has always be5 & is to-day typical2 !re is a c]ta9 knightly "* 9 ! f9e be>+ & intellig5t c\nt5ances ( ! ,head ,boys "o comes across !re :i* speaks well = _! intellectual activity4 ,! "q is :e!r m might n be done ) ! av]age boy4 ,! function ( ! s*ools is no d\bt to fe$ _! s*ol>s on k until !y h creat$ 9 !m a heal?y appetite :i* !y w g on satisfy+ = !mselves day by day ?r\gh\t life4 ,we mu/ give up ! f>ce ( tea*+ "y p h[ to le>n1 :i* is j z felicit\s a lab\r & j z necess>y z to tea* a *ild ! motions ( eat+ )\t (f]+ him food2 & /udies :i* are pursu$ ) a view to improve ! m9d mu/ 9 future take a back seat4 ,! multitud9\s ?+s t e p]son wants to "k mu/ be made accessible 9 ! s*oolroom1 n by diagrams1 dige/s1 & ab/ract pr9ciples2 b boys & girls1 l #8,kit's little bro!r1' mu/ le>n #8:at oy/]s is' by supp+ on oy/]s4 ,!re is absolutely no av5ue to k b k itself1 & ! s*ools mu/ beg91 n by qualify+ ! m9d to deal ) k1 b by af=d+ all ! be/ books conta9+ all ! sorts ( k :i* ^! #8,tw9s1' l ev]yone else1 want$ to "k4 ,we h to face two difficulties4 ,we d n believe 9 *ildr5 z intellectual p]sons nor 9 k z requisite & necess>y = intellectual life4 ,x is a pity t education is conduct$ 9 cam]a save = ! exam9ation li/s :i* %ew h[ ! be/ pupils 9 a s*ool h acquitt$ !mselves1 ! half-doz5 or doz5 be/ 9 a big s*ool4 ,f9ely consci5ti\s z tea*]s are !y c h>dly fail to give undue importance to _! gr\p ( c&idates = exam9ation & a s*ool ( f\r or five hundr$ /&s or falls by a doz5 head boys4 ,see note "u ,table ( ,cont5ts = 7a7 ! l>ge numb] ( *ildr5's answ]s1 & 7b7 ,book ,,iv ( :i* only ,*apt] #a appe>s 9 ?is volume4 ,index abridg$ editions1 #ahc ,abt ,vogl]1 #cbd academic solution ( educational problems1 !1 #bed1 #bhh ,academy 7,fr5*71 #beb1 #bef ,across ! ,bridges1 by ,a4 ,pat]son1 #aah1 #aai1 #cjj act ( kn[+1 #ii1 #bed1 #bga1 #bib1 #bih2 k acquir$ by1 #bia ,adams1 ,pr(essor ,john1 #aab /hetic s5se1 #dc2 op5 to disa/]1 #ef affections1 mis-direct$1 #eh ,albre*t1 ,dr41 #afb allusions1 lit]>y1 #bfd ,ambleside1 #bab1 #bag ,ambleside ,geography1 ,!1 #bbf-bbi ,amyot1 on hi/ory1 #bgc an>*y1 #fi #8,angelic ,doctor1' ,!1 #bhd #8anise$ drops1' educational1 #cjb aphasia1 our national1 #bfi #8appet5cy1' #ef1 #ajg appr5tice%ip1 #cbh ar*itecture1 #gg1 #bag1 #bbj ari?metic1 #ei1 #gc1 #ada1 #aea1 #aeb1 #bcj-bcc ,arm/rong1 ,dr41 #bhj ,arnold1 ,dr41 #beg1 #cdj1 #cda ,arnold1 ,mat!w1 #bci1 #beb1 #beh1 #cji1 #cae1 #cdb art1 xxx1 #ad1 #dc1 #de1 #fc1 #aed1 #aeg1 #bed2 tea*+ (1 #bac-bag1 #bge2 is ( ! _s1 #bad2 p[] ( appreciat+1 #bad2 rev]5t k (1 #bad ,ar?ur1 ,k+1 #bh assimilation1 #bei a/ronomy1 #ej1 #bbj1 #bbb ,a/rophel1 #ajj a?leticism & m5tal activity1 #gb atmosph]e1 education is an1 xxix1 #id-ii att5tion1 #bei2 a habit1 #ajj2 a natural function1 #aga2 h[ secur$1 #ac-ae1 #ag1 #bh1 #de1 #gf1 #bee2 mu/ n h crut*es1 #beh2 p[] (1 pres5t 9 *ildr51 xxxi1 #g1 #ad1 #ah1 #gf1 #aed1 #aga1 #bee1 #bfc1 #bij2 ! hall-m>k ( an educat$ p]son1 #ii2 ! prime ag5t 9 education1 #af1 #gf1 #bdg2 weak5$ by ef=ts to memorise1 #ag2 unfail+1 #ag1 #aga1 #bia ,aus ,me9em ,leb5 7,goe!71 #afa ,au/51 ,jane1 #af1 #gg1 #aic1 #bid au?ority1 natural1 necess>y & fundam5tal1 xxix1 #fh-gh1 #ig1 #acd2 deput$1 #fh2 ! condition ( lib]ty1 #fi2 ord]1 outcome (1 #fi2 *a/5$1 #ga2 vide self-au?ority av]age boy1 !1 #cjj1 #caj1 #cab ,bacon1 #g1 #bi1 #fa1 #aje1 #abd1 #adc ,b>naby ,rudge1 #bei1 #bhb #8,b>on ( ,bradw>d9e1' !1 #cab ,b]gson1 ,h5ri1 #agc ,b]nh>di1 ,f4 von1 #c ,bible1 ,!1 #adc1 #ahf1 #bgb1 #bgc2 9 curriculum1 #cj1 #dj1 #fa-fe1 #afj-afe1 #bed2 f9e ,engli% (1 #afj1 #cji2 me?od (1 lesson1 #aei-afi2 & critical tea*+1 #afc ,big ,me%1 ,! sy/em ( !1 #cdd biology1 #bba ,blake1 ,william1 #gi ,bo>d ( ,education1 #bej body1 well-be+ (1 #df2 a s\nd1 #ahi ,bompas ,smi?1 ,pr(essor1 #bg ,bonnot1 #cbg books1 _m1 xxx1 #g1 #ab1 #ae1 #cj1 #ei1 #gf1 #bfg1 #bga1 #cjc2 liv+1 xxx1 #cjc2 wor?y1 #ab1 #ah1 #bf1 #eb1 #ge1 #ajd1 #aia1 #bfj1 #bfh2 delight 91 #bh2 text-books1 #ej1 #ec1 #aje1 #bef1 #bfc1 #bga1 #bge2 difficulty ( *oos+1 #ahg1 #bdh2 *oice (1 #bdh1 #bgb2 ,p4,u4,s41 te/$ by exam9ations1 #bdh2 #8classes' & #8masses' mu/ read ! same1 #bfd2 ab\t books1 #cda ,bosanquet1 ,b]n>d1 #adi ,bose1 ,pr(essor ,sir ,jagadis ,*&ra1 #ie botany1 #bbj1 #bba bra91 adaptation (1 to habits1 xxx1 #aja2 ?\ght n a function (1 #b1 #d1 #bfj2 subject to same conditions z body1 #ch2 %\ld n "k fatigue1 #ch2 m9d takes c>e (1 #ccj ,briti% ,association1 ,!1 #bbb1 #bea ,briti% ,museum1 ,!1 #gg1 #age1 #agf1 #bgd ,br[n+1 ,rob]t1 #ajj1 #acc1 #bae1 #cca ,b*n]1 #d ,burns1 ,john1 #cjj ,bu%ido1 #acc #8,caleb ,g>?1' #fa #8,caleb ,bald]/one1' #cad ,c>lyle1 ,?omas1 #bch1 #bhh ,cate*ism1 ,!1 #afi ,cavell1 ,nurse1 #gg1 #ada ,"*1 ! 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slums1 #dd1 #fc1 #bef1 #bfj1 #bic2 all1 p]sons ( inf9ite possibilities1 #dd1 #aef2 />t fair1 #dg2 muscles & n]ves (1 #dh2 h p[] to s5se mean+1 #ea1 #aha2 n intellectual rum9ants1 #ec2 dang]s ( fe$+1 morally1 #ei2 mu/ ?9k fairly1 #fa2 capacity & ne$s (1 #ff1 #aeg2 & ! s5se ( #8mu/1' #gc2 (f5ces aga9/1 #ha2 mu/ be reliev$ ( decisions1 #ig2 ne$ brac+1 n too /imulat+1 atmosph]e1 #ih2 %\ld n #8run wild1' #ih2 mu/ =m good habits1 #ajj2 gr[ ^u ideas1 #aji2 %\ld "k some?+ ( _! own capacities1 #aca1 #ahg1 #ahi2 mu/ foll[ argum5ts & detect fallacies1 #adg2 mu/ "k :at religion is1 #adi2 educational rights (1 #aeg1 #cci2 h[l]s ( v4 mi/akes1 #aeh1 #bef2 h aff9ity = ,god1 #aeh2 able = s*ool education at five1 b no consci\s m5tal ef=t desirable until six1 #aei2 exam9ation answ]s (1 #afg1 #afh1 #ahe1 #aia1 #aic1 #aid1 #aie-bji1 #bdd2 enjoy classical names1 #aha2 mu/ see life :ole1 #ahg2 mu/ le>n sci5ce ( proportion1 #ahg2 *a/ely taught1 wat* _! ?\ghts1 #ahh2 d n g5]alise1 #bbd2 devitalis$1 #bcg2 n products ( education or environm5t1 #bch2 n incomplete be+s1 b ignorant1 #bch2 p[]s (1 #i1 #bch1 #bee2 %[n 9 v]ses1 #bdb-bdc2 (f] a resi/+ m$ium1 #bec2 ne$ physical & me*anical tra9+1 #bee2 be+s #8( l>ge disc\rse1' #cje2 %\ld be p]sons ( leisure1 #cje ,*9a1 s*ools (1 #cdc ,*9ese ,empire1 #agi ,*ri/1 p>ables (1 #cjd2 gave pr(\nde/ philosophy to ! multitude1 #ccb2 does n exi/ = our uses only1 #ccf2 tea*+ (1 mu/ receive pr(\nd att5tion1 #ccg ,*ri/ianity1 #ccf ,*ryso/om1 ,/41 ,pray] (1 #fd c9ematograph displays1 #cdj ,circe1 #ahf1 #bfg ,citiz5s to ,be1 by ,miss ,m4 ,l4 ,v4 ,hughes1 #bce citiz5%ip1 #ahe-ahi1 #bed1 #bgd2 ! inspiration (1 #ahe2 ancill>y to hi/ory1 #ahe2 problem ( good & evil 91 #ahf ,cizek1 ,h]r1 #baf ,col]idge1 ,s4 ,t41 #ce1 #ef1 #aje-ajh1 #aaj1 #bcc1 #bij1 #cah1 #cbb ,colet1 ,dean1 xxvi1 #bdg ,coll+wood1 ,"l1 #fj ,com5ius1 #h1 #bj1 #bia composition1 #aij-bji2 oral1 #aij1 #bfi2 art (1 %\ld n be taught1 #aij1 #aib1 #bfi2 n an adjunct ( education1 #aib2 9 v]se1 #aic1 #bdb2 def9ite tea*+ (1 9 ,=ms ,v & ,,vi1 #aic1 #aid2 p[] (1 innate 9 *ildr51 #aia2 writt51 #aib2 comes ( free & exact use ( books1 #aic2 *ildr5's1 #aie-bji conc5tration1 #h1 #ae2 innate1 #aga ,con+sby1 #cdh consci5ce1 pres5t 9 infant1 #cg2 gov]n+ p[] ( man1 #aca ,cont9uation ,s*ools1 edit$ by ,sir ,mi*ael ,sadl]1 #bhe ,cont9uation ,s*ools1 a ,lib]al ,education 91 #aai1 #abd1 #abg1 #adg2 ! scope (1 #bgi-bii2 movem5t & te*nical education1 #bgi2 n = te*nical in/ruction1 b = ?+s ( ! m9d1 #bhg ,cop5hag51 #bhe ,copts1 #cad ,cornwell1 ,jack1 #ada correlation1 pr9ciple (1 #bgf correlation lessons1 #aad1 ff4 ,c\ncil ,s*ools1 ,p4,u4,s4 "w 91 xxv1 #gg1 #ha1 #aha1 #ahb1 #aie1 #bda1 #bij1 #bic #8c\nt5ance1' a manife/ation ( ?\ght1 #cja #8,creakle1 ,mr4' #ha1 #aja ,curie1 ,madame1 #ada curriculum1 a full1 xxx1 #ad1 #ai1 #cj1 #aed1 #bfc2 a common1 #ab1 #bic2 pr9ciples be>+ ^u !1 #ac1 #ca1 #aef-aeh2 9 ,p4,u4,s41 #ae1 #bh1 #aed-bcd2 9 ,gramm> & ,public ,s*ools1 #he2 & ! =mation ( habits1 #ii2 9 ,elem5t>y ,s*ools1 #aee2 /&>d set by exam9ations1 #bcc2 a complete1 sugge/$ by ! nature ( ?+s1 #aef ,dami51 ,fa!r1 #fj danc+1 #bcd ,d>w91 #c1 #d1 #e1 #ed ,david ,copp]field1 #ha1 #aaa1 #bch democracy1 #cab ,demos clam\rs = humani/ic education1 #bii ,d5m>k1 education 91 #abc1 #bhc-bhg1 #bia1 #cjf ,de ,qu9cey1 #bi1 #ajc1 #ccc ,dep>tm5tal ,committee on ,engli%1 #bfi desires1 :i* /imulate m9d1 #aa1 #hh2 cat] = spiritual su/5ance1 #aa2 atrophy (1 #hi2 v4 o!r desires1 #bdg2 mu/ be us$ wisely1 #ef2 "r & wrong1 #hd ,dewey1 ,pr(essor1 #bhj ,dick5s1 #ha1 #aaa discipl9e1 xxix1 xxx2 secur$ by k-hung]1 #aa2 education a1 #ii-ajd discrim9ation1 #bei div]sion1 xxxi ,div9e ,_s1 xxxi2 ,div9e sanctions1 #bj docility1 #fh2 univ]sal1 #fi2 v4 subs]vi5ce1 #ga2 implies equality1 #ga ,doll's ,h\se1 ,! 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