,,guide ,,to ,,!                        
,,norris ,,geys] ,,bas9                 
#ae        ,illu/ration3 uncaption$     
,,norris ,,geys] ,,bas9      ,! ,norris 
,geys] ,bas9 0 nam$ = ,philetus ,w4     
,norris :o s]v$ z  ,yell[/one's second  
sup]9t5d5t f #ahgg until #ahhb4 ,al?\gh 
he  did n discov] x1 8 explorations &   
reports 7 l>gely  responsible = call+   
att5tion to t area4    ,norris is       
consid]$ to be ! hotte/ & mo/ active    
geys] bas9 9  ,yell[/one4 ,"h geys]s &  
hot spr+s exhibit great] *ange 9        
activity ov] a %ort span ( "t ?an       
else:]e 9 ! p>k4 ,x is n  unusual = a   
new hot spr+ to come into exi/5ce       
lit]ally ov]night4  ,! new feature may  
la/ = j a few days or p]haps a mon? or  
s2  ^u occasion "s h endur$ = _m ye>s4  
,because ( con/ant *ange 9 ! !rmal      
features1 ! gr\nd "h is  un/able &      
haz>d\s 9 _m locations4 ,!re=e1 y are   
requir$ to  /ay on designat$ trails &   
bo>dwalks at all times4 ,?is n only     
protects y f possible s]i\s burns b also

 helps pres]ve !  features z well4      
,rememb] also n to ?r[ any objects into 
!rmal  features4 ,debris ( any k9d 9 a  
hot spr+ or geys] c\ld clog !  v5t &    
de/roy ! feature4 ,because _m scald+ hot
 pools &  run-(f *annels are ne> trails 
& bo>dwalks1 pets are n p]mitt$  on !   
trails4    ,! fact t !rmal features     
*ange may come z a surprise1 b  rememb] 
t geys]s1 hot spr+s & o!r !rmal ph5om5a 
are  subject to natural /resses j l     
plant & animal communities4 ,(  c\rse ! 
*anges 9 !rmal activity result f a      
diff]5t set (  factors ?an ^? affect+   
plants & animals4 ,c y guess :at !y     
might be8    ,%ifts 9 ! e>?'s cru/      
7e>?quakes7 result 9 movem5ts along     
cracks & fissures 9 ! gr\nd4 ,^! tremors
 usually cause *anges  9 ! und]gr\nd    
8plumb+ sy/ems0 ( !rmal features1 ?us   
alt]+  activity patt]ns4 ,look = signs (
 rec5t activity v>iations z y  walk     
along ! trails1 or ask a naturali/ if   
!re h be5 "s  rec5t *anges4    ,z y     
explore1 look closely at ! (t5 intricate

 =mations ar\nd  ! edges ( a few hot    
pools1 geys]s & 9 "s !rmal run(f        
*annels4 ,y w notice a m9]al call$ s9t] 
or geys]ite 7a =m  ( silicon dioxide1   
,si,o7 be+ deposit$ l t9y sp9es4 ,^! r  
prickly =mations result :5 geys]ite is  
deposit$ f slightly acid  wat]1 a       
*>act]i/ic ( mo/ !rmal wat] 9 ! ,norris 
area4 ,?is  is 9 contra/ to ! bead-l    
/ructures t result :5 geys]ite  =ms f   
slightly alkal9e wat] f\nd 9 !rmal      
features 9 ! ,old  ,fai?ful area4       
,notice too ! v>iety ( colors /a9+ !    
bas9s4 ,! refraction  7break+ up7 (     
light1 m9]al deposits & liv+ organisms1 
algae &  bact]ia1 all add _! hues4 ,!   
assortm5t ( colors reflects  v>iations 9
 wat] temp]ature & *emi/ry4    ,z y     
enjoy y\r walk rememb] t ,norris is a   
great natural pres]ve  :]e nature is    
con/antly at "w design+ & r$esign+ "o ( 
its  mo/ unusual displays4 ,we are only 
visitors "h & mu/ n spoil x  9 any way4 
,x also s]ves z a great natural rese>*  
laboratory :]e  sci5ti/s f all ov] ! _w 

le>n m ab\t geo!rmal en]gy4  ,help u    
pres]ve ?is unique area s t ! next      
g5]ation & ^?  :o foll[ c come & enjoy x
 9 ! same gr&eur y did4    ,! ,norris   
,geys] ,bas9 is made up ( two or m less 
sep>ate areas  call$ ,porcela9 ,bas9 &  
,back ,bas94 ,bo? bas9s are s]v$ by     
trails  :i* beg9 at ! ,norris ,museum & 
are %[n on ?is map4 ,!  foll[+ briefly  
describes a few features 9 ea*4         
,,!rmal ,,features ,,9 ,,porcela9 ,,bas9
      ,,val5t9e ,,geys]--,locat$ at !   
base ( a l>ge pe>-%ap$ alcove1  ,val5t9e
 is a typical cone type geys] t fir/    
erupt$ on  ,val5t9e's ,day1 #aijg4 ,its 
activity has v>i$ consid]ably--be+      
dormant "s seasons1 erratic dur+ o!rs1  
yet %[+ a high degree  ( regul>ity at   
times4 ,dur+ ! pa/ sev]al seasons1 x has
 erupt$  f a m9imum ( once e two days to
 a maximum ( once a day4 ,an  eruption  
la/s #e-g m9utes & rea*es a height (    
#bj-ej feet 7#f-ae m47  above ! sev5    
foot cone4 ,! eruption is foll[$ by a   
/eam phase  la/+ an h\r4    ,,l$ge      

,,geys]--,! l>ge/ geys] 9 ! ,porcela9   
,bas91 *ang$  dramatically aft] an      
e>?quake t occurr$ ,june #cj1 #aige4 ,9 
#aigd x  _h be5 erupt+ ab\t twice a day1
 b aft] ! quake ,l$ge 0  dormant = ne>ly
 two ye>s4 ,!n dur+ ! summ] ( #aigg x _h
 b  two eruptions4 ,*eck ! pr$iction    
bo>d at ! museum to see if ,l$ge  ,geys]
 is active ?is ye>4    ,,africa         
,,geys]--nam$ = ! spr+ t prec$$ x :i* 0 
r\ghly  ! %ape ( ! cont95t4 ,! spr+     
became a geys] 9 ,febru>y (  #aiga4 ,at 
fir/ x 0 int]mitt5t b z "t pass$ !      
p]iods  betwe5 eruptions grew %ort]     
until x became a con/ant geys]4 ,9      
#aigg x 0 always p[]ful--sometimes      
emitt+ a mixture ( /eam &  wat]2 o!r    
times j /eam4    ,,! ,,:irligigs ,,&    
,,con/ant ,,geys]s--^! ?ree features    
seem to be  int]connect$4 ,con/ant      
,geys]1 dormant = sev]al ye>s1          
reactivat$  9 ! e>ly '#gj's & n[ erupts 
up to #cj feet 7#i m47 once or twice an 
h\r2 (t5 prior to an eruption ( "o ( !  
,:irligigs4 ,9 rec5t  ye>s1 ,big &      

,little ,:irligig h trad$ active p]iods4
 ,:5 "o is  m active1 ! o!r is less4    
,wat* = ! #ae foot 7#d m47 angl$  plume 
f ,little ,:irligig's orange v5t or li/5
 to ! di/9ctive  *ugg+ produc$ dur+ ,big
 ,:irligig's spla%+ eruption4 ,z )  _m  
geys]s1 ! wat] level rises 9 ^! pools   
prior to an eruption4    ,,ebony ,,&    
,,be> ,,d5 ,,geys]s--are ano!r set (    
relat$ features4 ,9 !  '#fj's ,be> ,d5  
,geys] fir/ appe>$ & z x increas$ 9     
activity1  ,ebony ,geys] became dormant4
 ,today ,be> ,d5 ,geys] erupts 9 bur/s1 
arc+ up to #dj feet 7#ab m47 f ! d5-l   
v5t1 f\r to six times  daily4 ,! dea? ( 
,ebony ,geys] may h be5 ha/5$ by objects
  ?r[n into its v5t by ?\ghtless        
visitors4 ,?is debris is cem5t$  into   
place by ! silica deposit$ f ! wat]1    
*ok+ (f ! v5t4  ,m9ute ,geys] 9 ! ,back 
,bas9 may h suff]$ a simil> fate4       
,,!rmal ,,features ,,9 ,,back ,,bas9    
,,em]ald ,,spr+--,! colors 9 & ar\nd    
!rmal features are (t5  creat$ by sev]al
 k9ds ( algae t gr[ 9 hot wat]4 ,h[ev]1 

!  deep gre5 color ( ?is spr+ is a      
result ( a comb9ation ( !  yell[ color f
 ! sulphur l9+ ! edge ( ! pool ) ! blue 
t is refract$ 78scatt]$07 f ! cle> wat] 
9 ! pool4 ,!  b[l ( ?is feature is ab\t 
#bg feet 7#h m47 deep & ! temp]ature    
normally v>ies betwe5 #aid & #bjj       
degrees ,f4 7#ij-ic ,c47    ,,/eamboat  
,,geys]--,! _w's l>ge/ geys]1 ,/eamboat 
has eruptions (  m ?an #cjj feet 7#ia   
met]s74 ,x 0 l>gely dormant = n9e ye>s1 
!n />tl$ obs]v]s 9 ,m>* #aigh ) a       
full-scale eruption4 ,!  wat] phase la/$
 approximately #bj m9utes1 foll[$ by    
bell[+ /eam  = ov] #dj h\rs4 ,?is       
spectacul> display inundat$ ! imm$iate  
area4 ,at ?is writ+1 ,m>* #cj1 #aigh1 x 
is n kn[n if ,/eamboat's  eruptions w   
foll[ any patt]n4 ,betwe5 #aifa & ,m>*  
#aifi1 x _h a  total ( #ajc major       
eruptions1 none ( :i* c\ld be pr$ict$4  
,y c  /ill see ! effects ( d[np\r+ wat] 
on ! l&scape :i* kill$  trees & sc\r$   
away soil4 ,! n9e-ye> respite all[$ new 
lodgepole  p9es to ga9 a foo?old4 ,we   

hope y are =tunate en\gh to witness     
,/eamboat ,geys] & %>e 9 ! excitem5t4   
,rememb]--protect cam]a  & eye glass    
l5ses f ! spray z x c scrat* glass aft] 
dry+4    ,,ci/]n ,,spr+--,9 #aiff ?is   
feature *ang$ f a grayi%-black color  to
 its pres5t brilliant blue4 ,concurr5t )
 ?is ! ov]fl[  increas$ kill+ _m trees  
ne> ! spr+4 ,s9ce !n a silica  t]race   
has rapidly built up4 ,:5 ,/eamboat _h a
 major eruption !  wat] level 9 ,ci/]n  
dropp$ #d-h feet1 7#a4b-b4d m47 ) a     
correspond+ drop 9 wat] temp]ature (    
ar\nd #fj degrees ,f4 ,?is  seems to    
indicate "s connection betwe5 ! two     
features4 ,:e!r or  n ! increas$ wat]   
output ( ,ci/]n has result$ 9 ! decl9e (
  ,/eamboat is /ill unkn[n4    ,,e*9us  
,,geys] 7-k-ns7--al?\gh n z well kn[n z 
"s o!r  geys]s1 erupts 9 a display t    
surpasses _m ( !m4 ,! "n comes  f ! s9t]
 sp9e-cov]$ rocks surr\nd+ ! pool :i*   
be> a  fanciful resemblance to sp9y sea 
ur*9s4 ,e*9us 0 ! ,greek "n  = ^!       
tide-pool dwell]s4 ,/op & wat* ! wat]   

fill ! bas9  & beg9 to boil4 ,soon x w  
be propell$ skyw>d 9 great explosive    
bur/s ( /eam & wat]1 "s rea*+ heights ( 
ov] #ge feet 7#bc  m474 ,usually !      
eruptions la/ ?ree to six m9utes b 9    
#aigg ,e*9us  0 erupt+ = up to twelve   
m9utes4 ,aft] erupt+ ! pool dra9s  &    
beg9s to refill4 ,int]vals betwe5       
eruptions may be z %ort z #de  m9utes or
 bett] ?an #ge m9utes4 ,li/5 = ! peculi>
 gurgl+  s\nd produc$ z ! v5t dra9s aft]
 ea* eruption4    ,,vix5                
,,geys]--,al?\gh its usual eruptions are
 small comp>$ to o!rs  7#e-ae feet e few
 m9utes71 ! geys] is unique 9 t wat]    
comes  f a circul> tub-l v5t4 ,dur+     
normal activity little wat] is  eject$4 
,occasionally ,vix5 may h major         
eruptions ( consid]able  wat]1 la/+ #e  
to #ej m9utes & play+ up to #cj feet4   
,li/5 = !  peculi> gurgl+ s\nd produc$ z
 ! v5t dra9s aft] ea* eruption4         
,,today',s ,,geys] ,,pr$ictions         
7,obta9 data f ! museum pr$iction bo>d  
or f a naturali/74      ,e*9us          

,l$ge                ,val5t9e           
,o!rs                                   
,text writt5 by ,george ,a4 ,alg>d1     
,norris ,summ] ,naturali/ #c_/gd        
#d_/gh        ,illu/ration3 ,,norris    
,,geys] ,,bas9      ,,back ,,bas9       
,phillip's ,caldron      ,grey ,lakes   
,gre5 ,dragon ,spr+      ,yell[ ,funnel 
,spr+      ,palpitator ,spr+    ,pe>l   
,geys]    ,vix5 ,geys]    ,black        
,h]mit's ,caldron    ,m9ute ,geys]      
,mt4 ,holmes 7#aj1ccf feet--#cafj met]s7
 visible to ! nor?we/    ,vet]an ,geys] 
,mon>* ,geys] ,crat]    ,em]ald ,spr+   
,ba?tub ,spr+    ,,porcela9 ,,bas9      
,ebony ,geys]      ,be> ,d5 ,geys]      
,crackl+ ,lake      ,:ale's ,m\?    ,d>k
 ,cav]n ,geys]    ,ar* ,/eam ,v5t       
,ci/]n ,spr+    ,,norris ,,museum       
,/eamboat ,geys]    ,val5t9e ,geys]     
,lodge ,geys]    ,little ,:irligig      
,geys]    ,sieve ,lake    ,africa ,geys]
    ,p9:eel ,geys]    ,e*9us ,geys]     
,hurricane ,v5t    ,colloidal ,pool     
,congress ,pool    ,ragg$ ,sp\t]        

,blue ,geys]    ,fei/y ,geys]           
,c>negie ,drill ,site    ,p>k+          
,porcela9 ,t]race ,spr+s    ,nuph> ,lake
    ,,leg5d      trails & bo>dwalk      
describ$ !rmal features      o!r !rmal  
features      roads & p>k+    ,,to      
,,madison--#af ,,miles--#bf ,,km    ,,to
 ,,mammo? ,,hot ,,spr+s--#bb            
,,miles--#ce ,,km    ,,to ,,campgr\nd-- 
,,mile-- ,,km    ,,to ,,canyon          
,,village--#ab ,,miles--#ai ,,km        
,,dang]\s ,,!rmal ,,area                
,boil+ ,wat]--,?9 ,cru/s                
,always ,/ay on ,con/ruct$ ,walkways    
,transcrib]'s ,notes      --,sil5tly    
correct$ a few typos4    --,reta9$      
publication in=mation f ! pr9t$ edition3
 ?is e,book    is public-doma9 9 !      
c\ntry ( publication4    --,9 ! text    
v]sions only1 text 9 italics is delimit$
 by    und]scores4