,! ,light] ,classics 9 ,music ,illu/ration3 glyph ,a ,compreh5sive ,guide to ,musical ,ma/]works 9 a ,light] ,ve9 by #ahg ,compos]s by ,david ,ew5 ,illu/ration3 glyph ,arco ,publi%+ ,company1 ,inc4 ,,new ,,york ,libr>y ( ,congress ,catalog ,c>d ,numb]3 #fa-aggha ,copyright #aifa by ,arco ,publi%+ ,company1 ,inc41 ,new ,york ,all rights res]v$4 ,manufactur$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica1 by ,h4 ,wolff1 ,new ,york ,cont5ts ,joseph ,a*ron #a ,adolphe-,*>les ,adam #b ,ri*>d ,add9sell #d ,isaac ,albniz #e ,hugo ,alfvn #g ,l\is ,alt] #h ,l]oy ,&]son #aj ,daniel ,franois ,esprit ,aub] #ab ,johann ,seba/ian ,ba* #ae ,mi*ael ,balfe #ah ,hub]t ,ba? #ai ,ludwig van ,bee?ov5 #bj ,v9c5zo ,bell9i #bc ,ralph ,b5atzky #bd ,ar?ur ,b5jam9 #bf ,rob]t ,russell ,b5nett #bg ,hector ,b]lioz #bi ,leon>d ,b]n/e9 #ca ,georges ,bizet #cc ,luigi ,boc*]9i #cg ,franois ,boieldieu #ci ,giovanni ,bolzoni #dj ,c>rie ,jacobs ,bond #da ,alex&] ,borod9 #db ,felix ,bor[ski #dd ,johannes ,brahms #de ,*>les ,wakefield ,cadman #dh ,luci5 ,caillet #di ,alfr$o ,catalani #ej ,otto ,cesana #ea ,emmanuel ,*abri] #eb ,george ,:itefield ,*adwick #ed ,ccile ,*am9ade #ee ,gu/ave ,*>p5ti] #ef ,frdric ,*op9 #eg ,eric ,coates #fa ,pet] ,cornelius #fc ,noel ,c[>d #fd ,cs> ,cui #fe ,claude ,debussy #ff ,lo ,delibes #fh ,gregore ,d9icu #ga ,gaetano ,donizetti #gb ,franz ,drdla #ge ,ricc>do ,drigo #gf ,arcady ,dub5sky #gf ,paul ,dukas #gg ,anton9 ,dvok #gi ,sir ,edw>d ,elg> #hc ,duke ,ell+ton #hf ,georges ,enesco #hg ,leo ,fall #hi ,manuel de ,falla #ij ,gabriel ,faur #ia ,fri$ri* ,flot[ #ib ,/eph5 ,fo/] #id ,rudolf ,friml #ie ,julius ,fuk #ih ,sir ,edw>d ,g]man #ih ,george ,g]%w9 #ajj ,h5ry ,f4 ,gilb]t #aji ,don ,gillis #aaa ,alb]to ,g9a/]a #aab ,alex&] ,glazunov #aac ,re9hold ,glire #aaf ,mi*ael ,gl9ka #aag ,*ri/oph ,willibald ,gluck #aai ,b5jam9 ,god>d #abj ,leopold ,god[sky #aba ,edw9 ,franko ,goldman #abb ,k>l ,goldm>k #abc ,rub9 ,goldm>k #abe ,franois ,gossec #abf ,l\is ,gotts*alk #abg ,morton ,g\ld #abh ,*>les ,g\nod #aca ,p]cy ,gra+] #acd ,enrique ,granados #acf ,edv>d ,grieg #acg ,f]de ,gr( #ada ,david ,guion #adc ,johan ,halvors5 #add ,george ,fr$]ick ,h&el #ade ,joseph ,haydn #adg ,victor ,h]b]t #adi ,f]d9& ,hrold #aed ,j5 ,hubay #aee ,engelb]t ,hump]d9ck #aeg ,jacques ,ib]t #aeh ,mi*ael ,ippolitov-,ivanov #aei ,ivanovici #afj ,armas ,jrnefelt #afj ,dmitri ,kabalevsky #afa ,emm]i* ,klmn #afb ,kl]-,bla #afe ,j]ome ,k]n #aff ,alb]t ,ketelby #afi ,aram ,khat*aturian #agj ,george ,kle9s+] #aga ,fritz ,kreisl] #agb d\>d ,lalo #age ,josef ,lann] #agf ,*>les ,lecocq #agg ,erne/o ,lecuona #agi ,franz ,lh> #ahj ,ruggi]o ,leoncavallo #ahc ,anatol ,liadov #ahe ,paul ,l9cke #ahf ,franz ,liszt #ahg ,fr$]ick ,loewe #ahi ,alb]t ,lortz+ #aia ,alex&re ,luig9i #aib ,hans ,*ri/ian ,lumbye #aic ,edw>d ,mac,dowell #aid ,alb]t ,hay ,malotte #aif ,gabriel ,m>ie #aif ,m>t9i il ,t$esco #aig ,pietro ,mascagni #aih ,jules ,mass5et #aii ,rob]t ,mc,bride #bjc ,h>l ,mc,donald #bjd ,felix ,m5delssohn #bje ,giacomo ,mey]be] #bjh ,k>l ,milloeck] #baa ,moritz ,moszk[ski #bab ,wolfgang ,amadeus ,moz>t #bac ,mode/ ,mussorgsky #bae ,e!lb]t ,nev9 #bah ,otto ,nicolai #bbj ,siegfri$ ,o*s #bba ,jacques ,(f5ba* #bbb ,ignace ,jan ,pad]ewski #bbe ,gabriel ,pi]n #bbf ,jean-,rob]t ,planquette #bbg ,edu>d ,pold9i #bbh ,manuel ,ponce #bbi ,amilc>e ,pon*ielli #bcj ,cole ,port] #bca ,s]ge ,prok(iev #bcc ,giacomo ,pucc9i #bce ,s]gei ,ra*man9(f #bch ,joa*im ,raff #bdj ,maurice ,ravel #bda ,emil von ,rezniek #bdc ,nikolai ,rimsky-,korsakov #bdd ,ri*>d ,rodg]s #bdg ,sigmund ,romb]g #bec ,david ,rose #bef ,gioac*9o ,ross9i #beg ,anton ,rub9/e9 #bfa ,camille ,sa9t-,sans #bfb ,pablo de ,s>asate #bfg ,franz ,s*ub]t #bfh ,rob]t ,s*umann #bgb ,cyril ,scott #bgd ,jean ,sibelius #bgd ,*ri/ian ,s9d+ #bgg ,leone ,s9igaglia #bgh ,b$i* ,smetana #bhj ,john ,philip ,s\sa #bhc ,oley ,speaks #bhe ,rob]t ,/olz #bhf ,osc> ,/raus #bhg ,edu>d ,/rauss #bhh ,johann ,/rauss ,i #bhi ,johann ,/rauss ,,ii #bia ,josef ,/rauss #bih ,sir ,ar?ur ,sullivan #bii ,franz von ,supp #caa ,johan ,sv5ds5 #cac ,deems ,taylor #cad ,pet] ,ilit* ,t*aikovsky #caf ,ambroise ,?omas #cbb ,enrico ,toselli #cbd ,sir ,paolo ,to/i #cbe ,giuseppe ,v]di #cbf ,ri*>d ,wagn] #ccb ,emil ,waldteufel #cch ,k>l ,m>ia von ,web] #cci ,kurt ,weill #cda ,j>omir ,we9b]g] #cdc ,h5ri ,wi5iawski #cde ,ralph ,vaughan ,williams #cdf ,jacques ,wolfe #cdg ,ermanno ,wolf-,f]r>i #cdh ,seba/ian ,yradi] #cej ,c>l ,zell] #cej ,k>l ,mi*ael ,ziehr] #ceb ,! ,light] ,classics 9 ,music ,joseph ,a*ron ,joseph ,a*ron 0 born 9 ,lozdzieje1 ,li?uania1 on ,may #ac1 #ahhf4 ,he att5d$ ! ,/4 ,pet]sburg ,cons]vatory1 :]e he /udi$ ! viol9 ) ,leopold ,au] & !ory ) ,anatol ,liadov1 graduat+ 9 #aijd4 ,aft] tea*+ at ! ,kh>kov ,cons]vatory = ?ree ye>s1 he t\r$ ,russia1 ,europe & ! ,ne> ,ea/ z a conc]t viol9i/ = ab\t six ye>s1 & settl$ p]man5tly 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 #aibe4 ,"s ( 8 mo/ ambiti\s & significant compositions 7 writt5 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,among ^! 7 ?ree viol9 conc]tos1 two viol9 sonatas1 ! ,golem ,suite = or*e/ra & ! ,/emp5yu ,suite = viol9 & piano4 ,a*ron di$ 9 ,hollywood1 ,cali=nia1 on ,april #bi1 #aidc4 ,:5 ,a*ron 0 tw5ty-five ye>s old1 & /ill liv+ 9 ,russia1 he became a memb] ( ! music committee ( ! ,hebrew ,folk ,music ,society ( ,/4 ,pet]sburg4 ,its aim 0 tw(old3 to enc\rage rese>* 9 ,hebrew music1 & to direct ! en?usiasm ( gift$ ,russian compos]s t[>d ! writ+ ( ,hebrew music4 ,x 0 z a direct result ( ?is association1 & ! /imulus d]iv$ f ! a*ievem5ts ( ?is society1 t 9 #aiaa ,a*ron wrote a popul> composition 9 a ,hebraic ve9 :i* to ?is day is 8 mo/ fam\s piece ( music4 ,x is ! ,hebrew ,melody1 ,op4 #cc1 = viol9 & or*e/ra4 ,! melodic g]m ( ?is composition is an actual synagogical *ant1 amplifi$ by ,a*ron into a spaci\s melody foll[+ sev]al introductory measures ( desc5d+1 brood+ phrases4 ,?is melody is fir/ giv5 9 a l[] regi/]1 b :5 repeat$ sev]al octaves high] x receives embelli%m5ts simil> to ^? provid$ a synagogical *ant by a cantor4 ,! composition ends ) ! same desc5d+ m9or-key phrases ) :i* x op5$4 ,?is ,hebrew ,melody1 9 a transcription = viol9 & piano by ,leopold ,au]1 has be5 p]=m$ by _m ( ! _w's lead+ viol9 virtuosos4 ,adolphe-,*>les ,adam ,adolphe-,*>les ,adam1 em95t compos] ( comic op]as1 0 born 9 ,p>is on ,july #bd1 #ahjc4 ,he att5d$ ! ,p>is ,cons]vatory1 :]e he came "u ! decisive influ5ce ( ,franois ,boieldieu1 "u ^: guidance he complet$ 8 fir/ comic op]a1 ,pi]re et ,ca!r9e1 fir/ produc$ at ! ,opra-,comique 9 ,p>is on ,febru>y #i1 #ahbi4 ,8 fir/ major success1 ,le ,*alet1 0 giv5 on ,septemb] #be1 #ahcd1 enjoy+ almo/ fifte5 hundr$ p]=mances 9 ,p>is be=e ! end ( ! c5tury4 ,adam subsequ5tly wrote almo/ fifty o!r /age works 9 a light /yle4 ,) ,boieldieu & ,aub] he became f\nd] & lead+ expon5t ( ! opra-comique4 ,8 mo/ celebrat$ "w 9 ?is g5re 0 ,le ,po/illon de ,longjumeau1 fir/ giv5 at ! ,opra-,comique on ,octob] #ac1 #ahcf4 ,?is "w 0 frequ5tly he>d 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 ! #ahfj's & #ahgj's1 b has s9ce laps$ into obscurity4 ,adam 0 also a highly significant compos] ( ballets1 ( :i* ,giselle is n[ a classic2 ( _m s]i\s op]as2 & ( a celebrat$ ,*ri/mas song1 8,nol10 or 8,oh1 ,holy ,night0 78,cantique de ,nol3 ,m9uit1 ,*rti5s071 :i* has be5 transcrib$ = or*e/ra4 ,9 #ahdg1 ,adam f\nd$ 8 own !at]--! ,?tre ,national--:i* a ye> lat] 7) ! outbreak ( ! #ahdh revolution 9 ,france7 w5t into bankruptcy4 ,f #ahdi on he 0 pr(essor ( composition at ! ,p>is ,cons]vatory4 ,adam di$ 9 ,p>is on ,may #c1 #ahef4 ,giselle is "o ( ! pr\de/ a*ievem5ts ( ,fr5* ,romantic ballet4 ,?r\gh ! ye>s x has nev] lo/ its imm5se popul>ity4 ,) *oreography by ,jules ,p]rot & ,jean ,coralli1 x 0 introduc$ 9 ,p>is on ,june #bh1 #ahda4 ,c>lotta ,grisi appe>$ 9 ! title role4 ,giselle 0 an imm$iate triumph4 ,s9ce !n1 ! _w's =emo/ ball]9as h appe>$ z ,giselle1 includ+ ,fanny ,elssl]1 ,taglioni1 ,pavlova1 ,k>sav9a1 ,m>kova1 ,danilova1 ,m>got ,fonteyn1 & ,moira ,%e>]4 8,:at is ! secret *>m ( ?is ballet80 inquires ! fam\s sc5ic design]1 ,alex&] ,b5ois4 ,he goes on to answ]3 8,x is ma9ly due to its simplicity & cle>ness ( plot1 to ! amaz+ly impetu\s spontaneity ) :i* ! drama is develop$4 ,!re is b>ely "t to collect "o's ?\ghts be=e ! h]o9e1 :o b a mom5t ago *>m$ ev]ybody ) h] vitality1 is ly+ /iff & cold & dead at ! feet ( ! lov] :o deceiv$ h]4444 ,x is deeply mov+1 & ! magic ( a true poet 444 consi/s 9 mak+ u accept )\t "q any absurdities he may *oose to (f] u4444 ,no "o is incl9$ to criticize :ile "u ! spell ( ?is /range idyl40 ,! ballet text 0 ! collaborative creation ( ,?ophile ,gauti]1 ,v]noy de ,sa9t-,georges1 & ,jean ,coralli4 ,gauti] _h read a leg5d by ,he9ri* ,he9e 9 ,de ,l',allemagne :i* describ$ elves 9 :ite dresses 7designat$ z 8wilis07 :o di$ be=e _! w$d+ day & em]g$ f _! graves 9 bridal dress to dance till dawn4 ,any man an elf met 0 doom$ to dance himself to dea?4 ,gauti]1 recogniz+ ! ballet pot5tialities ( ?is leg5d1 decid$ to adapt x = ,c>lotta ,grisi4 ,he int]e/$ ,v]noy de ,sa9t-,georges 9 assi/+ him 9 mak+ ?is ballet adaptation & ,jean ,coralli 9 creat+ "s ( ! dance sequ5ces4 8,?ree days lat]10 ,gauti] reveal$ 9 a lett] to ,he9e1 8! ballet ,giselle 0 accept$4 ,by ! end ( ! week1 ,adam _h improvis$ ! music1 ! sc5]y 0 ne>ly ready1 & ! rehe>sals 7 9 full sw+40 ,! ballet text f9ds ,giselle z a sweet1 c>efree peasant girl4 ,betray$ by ,albre*t1 ! ,duke ( ,silesia1 %e goes mad & commits suicide4 ,h] grave is t\*$ by ! magic bran* ( ,myr?a1 ,que5 ( ! ,wilis4 ,giselle arises f ! grave z a wili1 & p]=ms h] nocturnal dance4 ,albre*t1 :o comes to visit h] grave1 is caught up by h] spell & mu/ dance to 8 doom4 ,a ma/] ( expressive & dramatiz$ melodies1 ,adam "h creat$ a score fill$ ) ! mo/ +ratiat+ tunes & spirit$ rhy?ms1 all beautifully adju/$ to ! s5sitive moods ( ?is delicate fantasy4 ,f ?is score ! #bj?-c5tury ,engli% compos] ,con/ant ,lamb]t extract$ f\r melodic episodes :i* he made into a popul> or*e/ral suite3 8,giselle's ,dance02 8,mad ,sc5e02 8,pas de deux1 ,act #b02 & 8,clos+ ,sc5e40 ,f ! rep]tory ( ,adam's op]as comes a delightful ov]ture1 a favorite 9 ! semi-classical rep]tory1 ev5 ?\gh ! op]a itself is r>ely he>d4 ,x is ! ,ov]ture to ,if ,i ,7 ,k+ 7,si j'tais roi74 ,?is comic op]a 0 fir/ p]=m$ 9 ,p>is on ,novemb] #d1 #aheb2 ! libretto 0 by ,d',enn]y & ,brsil4 ,9 ,arabia1 ! fi%]man1 ,zephoris1 has manag$ to save ! life ( ,nemea1 beautiful daught] ( ,k+ ,oman4 ,b ,nemea is be+ pursu$ by ,pr9ce ,kador1 :o does n hesitate to employ trea*]y to w9 h]4 ,nemea is det]m9$ to m>ry none b ! unid5tifi$ man :o _h sav$ h] life4 ,ev5tually1 ! fi%]man is br\ght to ! palace1 plac$ 9 comm& ( ! troops1 & becomes a h]o 9 a w> aga9/ ! ,spani>ds4 ,kador is s5t to 8 disgrace1 & ,zephoris w9s ! h& ( ,nemea4 ,! ori5tal backgr\nd ( ! op]a p]meates ! atmosph]e ( ! ov]ture4 ,a =ceful introduction = full or*e/ra & arpeggio figures 9 h>p lead to a skipp+ & delicate tune = fir/ viol9s aga9/ pluck$ cello /r+s4 ,! flutes & cl>9ets respond ) a subsidi>y ?\ght4 ,a cresc5do br+s on a /rong subject = ! viol9s aga9/ a l\d accompanim5t4 ,aft] a *ange ( tempo1 ano!r light1 graceful melody is giv5 by solo flute & oboes4 ,! pr9cipal melodic mat]ial is !n amplifi$ ) dramatic effect4 ,ri*>d ,add9sell ,ri*>d ,add9sell 0 born 9 ,ox=d1 ,engl&1 on ,janu>y #ac1 #aijd4 ,aft] /udy+ law at ,ox=d1 he att5d$ ! ,royal ,college ( ,music 9 ,london & complet$ 8 music /udy 9 ,b]l9 & ,vi5na betwe5 #aibi & #aicb4 ,9 #aicc he visit$ ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 :]e he wrote music = sev]al ,hollywood films & = a ,new ,york /age production ( ,alice 9 ,wond]l&4 ,he has s9ce made a specialty ( writ+ music = ! scre51 8 be/ ef=ts be+ ! scores = ,goodbye1 ,mr4 ,*ips1 ,bli! ,_s1 ,dang]\s ,moonlight1 ,d>k ,j\rney1 & ,fire ,ov] ,engl&4 ,dur+ ,_w ,w> ,,ii he wrote music = sev]al docum5t>y films1 includ+ ,siege ( ,tobruk & ,we ,sail at ,midnight4 ,add9sell's mo/ frequ5tly play$ composition is ! ,w>saw ,conc]to1 = piano & or*e/ra4 ,he wrote x = ! ,engli% movie ,dang]\s ,moonlight 7r5am$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,suicide ,squadron74 ,anton ,walbrook "h plays ! "p ( a r5[n$ conc]t piani/ :o becomes an (fic] 9 ! ,poli% air =ce dur+ ,_w ,w> ,,ii & loses 8 memory aft] a cra%4 ,! ,w>saw ,conc]to1 basic to ! plot /ructure1 recurs sev]al times 9 ! film4 ,x fir/ became popul>1 h[ev]1 on records1 & aft] t ) 8pop0 & salon or*e/ras4 ,?\gh ! compos]'s indebt$ness to ,ra*man9(f's ,second ,piano ,conc]to is pron\nc$1 ! ,w>saw ,conc]to has en\gh ( its own individuality & *>m to survive4 ,/ructurally1 x is n a conc]to b a rhapsody4 ,x op5s ) sev]al massive *ords1 arpeggios1 & scale passages 9 ! piano4 ,?is dramatic op5+ leads to ! s5sitive & romantic pr9cipal melody1 he>d 9 ! /r+s4 ,lat] on !re appe>s a second lyric ?\ght1 b ! rhapsodic "* rema9s pr$om9ant4 ,! composition ends ) a f9al /atem5t ( ! op5+ phrase ( ! fir/ ma9 melody4 ,add9sell is also sometimes repres5t$ on semi-classical programs ) a light-textur$ & tuneful composition call$ ,prelude & ,waltz1 = or*e/ra4 ,?is also /ems f a motion picture1 9 ?is case ! ,briti% scre5 adaptation ( ,noel ,c[>d's ,bli! ,_s4 ,isaac ,albniz ,isaac ,albniz1 "o ( ,spa9's mo/ di/+ui%$ compos]s1 0 born 9 ,camprodn1 ,spa91 on ,may #bi1 #ahfj4 ,he 0 a *ild prodigy :o gave piano conc]ts 9 ,spa9 aft] "s spasmodic /udy 9 ,p>is ) ,m>montel4 ,9 #ahfh he ent]$ ! ,madrid ,cons]vatory1 b 9 8 ?irte5? ye> he ran away f home & sp5t sev]al ye>s travel+ ab\t 9 ,pu]to ,rico1 ,cuba1 & ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 support+ himself all ! :ile by play+ ! piano4 ,he 0 back 9 ,spa9 9 #ahge1 & soon !reaft] und]took music /udy s]i\sly1 fir/ at ! ,brussels ,cons]vatory & !n at ! ,leipzig ,cons]vatory4 ,he settl$ 9 ,p>is 9 #ahic1 :]e he wrote 8 fir/ important works1 "o ( ^! be+ 8 fir/ composition 9 a national ,spani% idiom3 ! ,catalonia1 = piano & or*e/ra1 9 #ahii4 ,aft] #aijj he liv$ 9 8 native l&4 ,f #aijf to #aiji he devot$ himself to ! writ+ ( 8 ma/]work1 ! suite ,ib]ia1 consi/+ ( twelve pieces = ! piano ga!r$ 9 f\r volumes4 ,ib]ia is a va/ tonal panorama ( ,spa91 its sights & s\nds1 dances & songs1 backgr\nds4 ,albniz di$ 9 ,cambo-,ba9s1 9 ! ,pyr5ees1 on ,may #ah1 #aiji4 ,albniz may well be reg>d$ z ! f\nd] ( ! mod]n ,spani% nationali/ s*ool 9 music4 ,?is s*ool s\ght to exploit ! rhy?ms & melodies & /yles ( ,spani% folk music )9 s]i\s conc]t works1 ?us provid+ a musical int]pretation to e possible aspect ( ,spani% life4 ,albniz' fir/ "w 9 ! national /yle is also "o ( 8 r>e compositions utiliz+ an or*e/ra4 ,x is ! ,catalonia1 writt5 9 #ahii1 & introduc$ t ye> at a conc]t ( ! ,socit nationale de musique 9 ,p>is4 ,?is "w is sometimes errone\sly designat$ z a suite1 b x is actually a "o-movem5t rhapsody4 ,a s+le !me1 unmi/akably ,spani%1 dom9ates ! entire "w4 ,a brief rhy?mic middle section = w9d1 p]cussion1 & a s+le d\ble bass provides contra/4 ,?is middle "p is int5d$ z a burlesque on a tr\pe ( w&]+ musicians play+ _! favorite tune3 ! cl>9et plays (f key & ! bass drum is (f beat4 ,! orig9al dance melody returns to conclude ! "w4 ,crdoba1 a haunt+ nocturne1 is ! f\r? & mo/ fam\s numb] f ! ,cantos de ,espaa1 a suite = ! piano1 op4 #bcb4 ,crdoba is a vivid tone picture ( t fam\s ,&alusian city4 ,%>p *ords1 z if pluck$ f ! /r+s ( a guit>1 preface an ori5tal-type melody :i* sugge/s ! ,moori% backgr\nd ( ! city4 ,fte ,dieu ,seville1 or ,el ,corpus en ,sevilla 7,fe/ival 9 ,seville7 is ! ?ird & conclud+ numb] f ! fir/ volume ( ,ib]ia4 ,besides its orig9al v]sion = ! piano1 ?is composition is celebrat$ 9 sev]al transcriptions = or*e/ra1 notably ^? by ,e4 ,f]nndez ,arbs & ,leopold ,/ok[ski4 ,?is music depicts a religi\s procession 9 ! /reets ( ,seville on ! ,?ursday aft] ,tr9ity ,sunday4 ,at ! head ( ! procession is ! prie/ be>+ ! ,ho/1 or ,bless$ ,sacram5t1 "u a lavi%ly decorat$ canopy4 ,z ! procession moves1 wor%ip]s :o cr[d ! /reets improvise a religi\s *ant4 ,fte ,dieu ,seville op5s ) a brusquely acc5t$ m>* melody1 aga9/ :i* em]ges an improvisational-type melody simil> to ^? sung by wor%ip]s 9 ! /reet4 ,! m>* melody & ! improvis$ *ant alt]nate1 b x is ! *ant t is c>ri$ to a ?und]\s climax4 ,!n ?is *ant subsides & fades away into ! di/ance1 z ! composition ends4 ,nav>ra is a poignant tonal evocation = piano ( ! ,spani% prov9ce bel[ ! ,pyr5ees4 ,albniz nev] complet$ ?is "w2 x 0 f9i%$ aft] 8 dea? by ,dodat de ,sv]ac4 ,?is composition is p]haps be/ kn[n 9 ,f]nndez ,arbs' transcription = or*e/ra4 ,aga9/ ! provocative backgr\nd ( a jota rhy?m moves a languor\s & s5sual gypsy melody4 ,sevillaz 7,seville7 is ! ?ird numb] f ,suite espaola = piano2 x has become fam\s indep5d5t ( ! l>g] "w & is (t5 he>d 9 transcription4 ,! he>t ( ! piece is a passionate song1 typical ( ^? he>d 9 ! haunts ( ,seville4 ,z a backgr\nd !re is an incisive rhy?m sugge/+ ! click+ ( ca/anets4 ,! ,tango 9 ,d major1 op4 #afe1 no4 #b1 = piano1 is n only ! mo/ fam\s "o by ,albniz b "o ( ! mo/ popul> ev] writt54 ,) its intrigu+ flam5co-l melody & compell+ rhy?m x is ,spani% to ! core--! prototype ( all tango music4 ,! orig9al piano v]sion z writt5 by ! compos] is n (t5 he>d4 ,:5 x is p]=m$ on ! piano1 ?is tango is giv5 9 a brilliant b complex arrangem5t by ,leopold ,god[sky4 ,b x is mu* m fam\s 9 v>i\s transcriptions1 notably "o = viol9 & piano by ,fritz ,kreisl]1 & num]\s ones = small or l>ge or*e/ras4 ,triana is ! ?ird & conclud+ numb] f ! second book ( ,albniz' monum5tal suite = piano1 ,ib]ia4 ,triana1 ( :i* ?is music is a tonal picture1 is a gypsy suburb ( ,seville4 ,9 ! introduction1 r&om phrases br+ up ! image ( v>i\s attitudes & movem5ts ( ,spani% dances4 ,a triple-rhy?m$ figure leads to a light & graceful dance melody aga9/ a bol]o rhy?m4 ,z ! melody is develop$ & repeat$ x ga9s 9 int5sity & is enri*$ 9 color until x evolves climactically ) full =ce4 ,a transcription = or*e/ra by ,f]nndez ,arbs is z fam\s z ! orig9al piano v]sion4 ,hugo ,alfvn ,hugo ,alfvn 0 born 9 ,/ockholm1 ,sw$51 on ,may #a1 #ahgb4 ,8 music /udy took place at ! ,/ockholm ,cons]vatory &1 on gov]nm5t /ip5ds1 ) ,cs> ,?omson 9 ,brussels1 & 9 ,g]many & ,france4 ,f #aiaj to #aici he 0 musical director & conductor ( ! /ud5t *orus at ! ,uppsala ,univ]sity4 ,alfvn 0 a nationali/ compos] ( ,romantic t5d5cies :o wrote five symphonies toge!r ) a consid]able am\nt ( or*e/ral & *oral music4 ,he di$ 9 ,faluns1 ,sw$51 on ,may #h1 #aifj4 ,midsumm] ,vigil 7,midsomm>vaka71 op4 #ai 7#aijd71 a ,sw$i% rhapsody = or*e/ra1 is 8 be/ kn[n composition4 ,x 0 produc$ z a ballet1 ,la ,nuit de ,sa9t-,jean1 9 ,p>is on ,octob] #be1 #aibe1 :]e x prov$ s successful t x 0 giv5 m ?an #bej p]=mances )9 f\r ye>s4 ,z a "w = symphony or*e/ra x has receiv$ univ]sal acclaim = its attractive deploym5t ( national ,sw$i% folk song idioms & dance rhy?ms4 ,! music describes a revel held 9 small ,sw$i% t[ns dur+ ! ,/4 ,john's ,eve fe/ival4 ,! "w op5s ) a gay tune = cl>9et ov] pluck$ /r+s4 ,?is is foll[$ by a burlesque subject = bassoon4 ,mut$ /r+s & ,engli% horns !n (f] a broad1 /ately1 & emotional folk song4 ,repeat$ by ! ,fr5* horns1 ?is song is soon amplifi$ by ! /r+s4 ,! tempo n[ quick5s1 & a ru/ic dance !me is giv5 s(tly by ! viol9s4 ,! mood gradually becomes fr5etic4 ,! viol9s (f] a passionate subject ov] a p$al po9t4 ,a climax is f9ally rea*$ z ! revelry becomes unconf9$4 ,l\is ,alt] ,l\is ,alt] 0 born 9 ,hav]hill1 ,massa*usetts1 on ,june #ah1 #aijb1 :]e he receiv$ 8 academic education 9 ! public s*ools1 & 8 initial in/ruction 9 music4 ,music /udy 0 complet$ ) ,/u>t ,mason at ! ,new ,engl& ,cons]vatory4 ,9 #aibd ,alt] came to ,new ,york1 :]e = five ye>s he work$ z accompani/ = ,nora ,bayes1 ,ir5e ,bordoni & o!r />s ( ! /age2 he also did arrangem5ts = a publi%+ firm 9 ,t9 ,pan ,alley4 ,betwe5 #aibe & #aibg he wrote 8 fir/ popul> songs & contribut$ a few ( !m to ,broadway productions4 ,s9ce !n he has writt5 _m song hits1 z well z scores = ,broadway musicals & ,hollywood films4 ,8 be/ kn[n songs include 8,a ,melody f ! ,sky0 & 8,dolores10 bo? ( :i* 7 nom9at$ = ,academy ,aw>ds2 also 8,twilight on ! ,trail10 su* a favorite ( ,presid5t ,frankl9 ,d4 ,roosevelt t ! manuscript1 toge!r ) a record+ by ,b+ ,crosby1 repose 9 ! ,roosevelt ,museum 9 ,hyde ,p>k1 ,new ,york4 ,alt] has be5 successful 9 writ+ skilful compositions = piano & or*e/ra 9 :i* ! popul> elem5t is pron\nc$1 encas$ )9 a symphonic /ructure4 ,"s ( !m are n[ /aples 9 ! symphonic-jazz rep]tory4 ,8 be/ compositions 7 inspir$ by ! sights1 s\nds & moods ( ,new ,york ,city4 ,jewels f ,c>ti] 7#aiec71 z ! title indicates1 0 inspir$ n by ,new ,york b by "o ( ! city's mo/ fam\s jewel]s :5 ,alt] 0 "o day all[$ to inspect its collection4 ,9 8 suite1 ,alt] attempts 9 eight sections to translate v>i\s jewels into tones4 ,! fir/ movem5t is 8,em]ald ,eyes40 ,s9ce _m beautiful em]alds come f ,s\? ,am]ica1 ?is section emphasizes ! rumba beat & o!r ,lat9-,am]ican rhy?ms4 8,! ,ruby & ! ,rose0 is a romantic ballad 9 :i* voices supplem5t ! in/rum5ts ( ! or*e/ra4 8,pe>l ( ! ,ori5t0 consi/s ( an ori5tal dance4 8,black ,pe>l ( ,tahiti0 exploits exotic ,polynesian rhy?ms & its languor\s-type melodies4 8,diamond ,e>r+s0 is a swirl+ waltz :ile 8,/> ,sapphire0 is a begu9e4 ,9 8,cat's ,eye 9 ! ,night10 ! music sugge/s a playful kitt5 d>t+ ab\t 9 a room4 ,! f9ale1 8,lady ( ,jade10 is 9 ! /yle ( ,*9ese processional music4 ,manhattan ,masqu]ade 7#aicb7 is ! mo/ dramatic ( ,alt]'s ,new ,york murals4 ,x consi/s ( a ,vi5nese-type waltz play$ 9 fox-trot "t1 a sugge/ion on ! "p ( ! compos] t ,vi5na & ,new ,york are n too f> ap>t spiritually4 ,manhattan ,moonlight 7#aicb7 is1 on ! o!r h&1 atmosph]ic4 ,x op5s ) f\r *ords 9 a nebul\s ,debussy ve94 ,! core ( ! "w is an ext5d$ melody = /r+s aga9/ piano embelli%m5ts4 ,a light & frivol\s mood is !n invok$ be=e ! ma9 melody returns 9 an opul5t scor+4 ,manhattan ,s]5ade 7#aibh7 is ! mo/ fam\s ( all ,alt]'s in/rum5tal works & ! "o t fir/ made him kn[n4 ,he publi%$ x fir/ z a piano solo1 b soon rewrote x = piano & or*e/ra4 ,paul ,:iteman & 8 or*e/ra made x popul> 9 #aibi on records & 9 public conc]ts4 ,?is "w is extremely effective 9 lay+ b>e ! n]ves ( ! metropolis ?r\gh syncopations1 & jazz tone colorations4 ,its ma9 melody is a plang5t song to :i*1 9 #aidj1 ,h[>d ,johnson adapt$ a song lyric4 ,manhattan ,s]5ade is (t5 he>d z backgr\nd music on radio & television programs ab\t ,new ,york4 ,side ,/reet 9 ,go?am 7#aich7 attempts to portray ! city f riv] to riv]4 ,! composition beg9s ) a few notes sugge/+ 8,london ,bridge ,is ,fall+ ,d[n10 :i* is lat] elaborat$ 9 a vigor\s & amus+ tempo2 ! reason ?is !me is "h us$ is because x is ref]r$ to 9 ! lyric ( 8,! ,sidewalks ( ,new ,york40 ,"s ( ! my/]y ( ,new ,york's side /reets c also be f\nd 9 ?is music4 ,l]oy ,&]son ,l]oy ,&]son is "o ( ,am]ica's mo/ successful & be/ kn[n compos]s ( light or*e/ral classics4 ,he 0 born 9 ,cambridge1 ,massa*usetts1 on ,june #bi1 #aijh4 ,8 e>ly musical tra9+ took place at ! ,new ,engl& ,cons]vatory1 aft] :i* he /udi$ ! bass & organ ) private tea*]s4 ,9 #aibi he 0 graduat$ f ,h>v>d magna cum laude1 & "o ye> aft] t he receiv$ !re 8 ,ma/]'s degree 9 music on a ,naumb]g ,fell[%ip4 ,= ! next few ye>s he s]v$ z organi/ & *oirma/] 9 ,milton1 ,massa*usetts2 z a memb] ( ! music faculty at ,radcliffe ,college2 & z director ( ! ,h>v>d ,univ]sity ,b&4 ,9 #aice he became a free-lance conductor1 compos] & arrang] 9 ,bo/on & ,new ,york4 ,z or*e/rator = ! ,bo/on ,pops ,or*e/ra1 = :i* he made _m or*e/ral arrangem5ts ov] a p]iod ( sev]al ye>s1 ,&]son complet$ 8 fir/ orig9al semi-classical composition1 ,jazz ,pizzicato1 successfully introduc$ by ! ,bo/on ,pops ,or*e/ra 9 #aici4 ,s9ce !n ! ,bo/on ,pops ,or*e/ra has introduc$ mo/ ( ,&]son's compositions1 _m ( :i* prov$ exceptionally popul> 9 conc]ts ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry & on records4 ,&]son has also appe>$ frequ5tly z gue/ conductor ( important ,am]ican symphony or*e/ras & has conduct$ 8 own compositions ) 8 or*e/ra = records4 ,9 #aieh1 8 fir/ musical com$y1 ,goldilocks1 0 produc$ on ,broadway4 ,beyond possess+ a mo/ +ratiat+ lyric inv5tion & a consummate comm& ( or*e/ration1 ,&]son boa/s an irresi/ible s5se ( humor & a f9e flair = burlesque4 ,he is probably at 8 be/ 9 programmatic pieces 9 :i* extra-musical s\nds are neatly adapt$ to & (t5 s]ve z a backgr\nd = 8 sprightly tunes--rang+ f ! click+ ( a typewrit] to ! me[+ ( a cat4 ,blue ,tango is ! fir/ /rictly in/rum5tal composition ev] to a*ieve fir/ place on ! ,hit ,p>ade4 ,= almo/ a ye> x 0 ! lead+ favorite on juke boxes1 & its sale ( ov] two million records repres5ts ,&]son's heal?ie/ comm]cial success4 ,scor$ = viol9s1 ?is music neatly comb9es an insi/5t tango rhy?m ) a s5sual melody 9 a purple mood4 ,bugl]'s ,holiday is a musical frolic = ?ree trumpets4 ,a ,*ri/mas ,fe/ival provides a colorful or*e/ral sett+ to "s ( ! be/ lov$ ,*ri/mas hymns1 includ+ 8,joy to ! ,_w10 8,deck ! ,halls10 8,god ,re/ ,ye ,m]ry ,g5tlem510 8,sil5t ,night10 8,j+le ,bells10 & 8,come ,all ,ye ,fai?ful40 ,fiddle-,faddle is a m]ry burlesque-escapade = ! viol9s1 inspir$ f a he>+ ( ,pagan9i's ,p]petual ,motion2 ?is1 !n1 is a mod]n /yle 8,p]petual ,motion40 ,9 ,horse & ,buggy1 ! music no/algically evokes a bygone day ) a sprightly1 :olesome tune pres5t$ aga9/ ! rhy?ms ( a jogg+ horse4 ,! ,iri% ,suite 0 commission$ by ! ,eire ,society ( ,bo/on1 & is a six-movem5t adaptation ( six ( ,?omas ,moore's ,iri% ,melodies4 ,!y are3 8,! ,iri% ,wa%]woman10 8,! ,m9/rel ,boy10 8,! ,rakes ( ,mall[10 8,! ,we>+ ( ! ,gre510 8,! ,la/ ,rose ( ,summ]10 & 8,! ,girl ,i ,left ,beh9d ,me40 ,jazz ,legato & ,jazz ,pizzicato are /udies 9 contra/+ moods & dynamics4 ,! ,jazz ,pizzicato consi/s ( a jazz melody pres5t$ entirely by pluck$ /r+s2 its companion piece is a broad] jazz melody = b[$ /r+s4 ,pl9k1 ,plank1 ,plunk also makes effective use ( pizzicato /r+s1 ?is "t attempt+ to simulate ! s\nds sugge/$ by ! descriptive title4 ,s>ab& br+s ab\t ! m>riage betwe5 ! v old & v new 9 musical /yles4 ,! old classical dance 9 sl[ triple "t & acc5t$ second beat is exploit$ ) a quick5+ ( tempo & ) mod]n rhy?mic & melodic embelli%m5ts4 ,9 ,sleigh ,bells1 jangl+ sleighbells & ! s\nd ( a crack+ :ip1 provide a delightful backgr\nd to a jaunty tune t has ! bite & /+ ( outdoor w9t]l&4 ,?is piece has become some?+ ( a p]5nial favorite ( ! ,*ri/mas season4 ,9 ,! ,syncopat$ ,clock1 ! rhy?m ( a click+ gr&fa!r's clock1 pres5t$ by p]cussion in/rum5ts 9 a mod]n rhy?m1 is plac$ aga9/ a b\ncy1 syncopat$ melody4 ,?is numb] has become popul> z !me music = ! ,,cbs-,,tv 8,e>ly ,%[40 ,! ,trumpet]'s ,lullaby is a s5sitive melody ) ! soo?+ accompanim5t ( a lullaby4 ,! ,typewrit] p]mits memb]s ( ! p]cussion section to imitate ! incisive1 rigid rhy?m ( a function+ typewrit]1 punctuat$ by ! regul> t9kle ( ! bell to provide ! w>n+ signal t ! c>riage has come to ! end ( a l9e4 ,aga9/ ?is rhy?m moves a vivaci\s message 9 /r+s4 ,! ,typewrit] 0 play$ 9 ! motion picture ,b ,n = ,me1 />r+ ,cl>k ,gable1 releas$ 9 #aiei4 ,9 ,! ,waltz+ ,cat1 an imag9>y cat dances gracefully to a waltz melody made up ma9ly ( me[s4 ,daniel ,franois ,aub] ,daniel ,franois ,esprit ,aub]1 g5ius ( opra-comique1 0 born 9 ,ca51 ,norm&y1 ,france1 on ,janu>y #bi1 #aghb4 ,9 8 y\? he liv$ 9 ,london1 :]e he /udi$ bo? ! bus9ess ( art1 9 :i* he hop$ to engage1 & music4 ,!re he wrote sev]al songs :i* 7 he>d at public ent]ta9m5ts4 ,aft] return+ to ,france & settl+ 9 ,p>is 9 #ahjd1 he gave himself up completely to music4 ,two m9or /age works ) music 7 privately p]=m$ betwe5 #ahjf & #ahaa be=e 8 fir/ op]a receiv$ its premire p]=mance3 ,le ,sj\r militaire 9 #ahac4 ,8 fir/ success came sev5 ye>s aft] t ) ,la ,b]gre *tela9e4 ,f !n on he 0 a prolific writ] ( bo? light & gr& op]as1 _m to texts by ,eugne ,scribe4 ,la ,muette de ,portici 9 #ahbh 0 a triumph1 & 0 foll[$ by su* o!r major successes ,fra ,diavolo 7#ahcj71 ,le ,*eval de bronze 7#ahce71 ,le ,dom9o noir 7#ahcg7 & ,les ,diamants de la c\ronne 7#ahda74 ,8 la/ op]a1 ,rves d'am\r1 0 complet$ :5 he 0 eighty-sev54 ,aub] 0 "o ( ,france's mo/ highly honor$ musicians4 ,f #ahdb until 8 dea? he 0 director ( ! ,p>is ,cons]vatory1 & 9 #aheg he 0 made by ,napoleon ,,iii ,imp]ial ,matre de ,*apelle4 ,aub] di$ 9 ,p>is on ,may #ab1 #ahga4 ,) ,adam & ,boieldieu1 ,aub] 0 "o ( ! f\nd+ fa!rs ( ! opra-comique4 ,he 0 sup]ior to 8 two colleagues 9 ! lightness ( 8 t\*1 surpass+ wit1 & grace ( lyricism4 ,b ,aub]'s *>m & gaiety 7 n b\ght at ! exp5se ( deep] emotional & dramatic values2 = all _! lightness ( he>t1 8 be/ comic op]as are fill$ ) pages t h ! scope & dim5sion ( gr& op]a4 ,z ,ross9i once said ( him1 ,aub] may h produc$ light music1 b he produc$ x l a true ma/]4 ,ov]tures to sev]al ( 8 mo/ fam\s op]as are /&>ds 9 ! light-classical rep]tory4 ,! ,black ,dom9o 7,le ,dom9o noir71 text by ,eugne ,scribe1 0 introduc$ 9 ,p>is on ,decemb] #b1 #ahcg4 ,! c5tral "* is ,lady ,angela1 an abbess1 :o att5ds a mask$ ball :]e %e meets & falls 9 love ) ,horatio1 a "y nobleman4 ,num]\s escapades & adv5tures foll[ be=e ,angela meets up aga9 ) h] "y man4 ,n[ releas$ f h] religi\s v[s by ! ,que51 ,angela is free to m>ry him4 ,9 ! ov]ture1 a l\d outbur/ = full or*e/ra emphasizes a /rongly rhy?mic !me4 ,a /accato phrase 9 ! woodw9d & a return ( ! initial /rong subject foll[4 ,?is leads into a light danc+ motive = ! woodw9d4 ,ano!r =te passage is n[ ! bridge to a melodi\s episode 9 ! woodw9d4 ,a *ange ( key br+s on a gay bol]o melody = cl>9ets & bassoons 9 octaves4 ,aft] ?is idea is amplifi$1 a jota-l melody is giv5 by ! full or*e/ra4 ,! clos+ section is a brilliant pres5tation ( a completely new jota melody4 ,! ,cr[n ,diamonds 7,les ,diamants de la c\ronne7 0 fir/ produc$ 9 ,p>is on ,m>* #f1 #ahda1 :5 x scor$ a major success4 ,b x enjoy$ an ev5 great] triumph :5 x 0 fir/ p]=m$ 9 ,engl& ?ree ye>s aft] t2 f !n on x has rema9$ a great favorite ) ,engli% audi5ces4 ,! text1 by ,eugne ,scribe & ,sa9t-,georges1 is set 9 #ah?-c5tury ,portugal :]e ! ,que5 assumes ! id5tity ( ! lead] ( a gang ( c\nt]feit]s & uses ! cr[n diamonds to get ! money %e ne$s to save h] ?rone4 ,:5 ,don ,h5rique falls into ! unscrupul\s h&s ( ^! c\nt]feit]s1 ! ,que5 saves 8 life & falls 9 love ) him4 ,! ?rone is ev5tually sav$1 & ! cr[n jewels retriev$4 ,! ,que5 n[ c *oose ,don ,h5rique z h] husb&4 ,! ov]ture op5s ) a su/a9$ melody = ! /r+s t is dramatiz$ by key *anges4 ,a rhy?mic passage leads to a m>tial subject = ! brass4 ,sev]al o!r vigor\s ideas ensue 9 ! brass & woodw9d4 ,aft] _! developm5t !re comes a lyrical /r+ episode :i*1 9 turn1 leads into a second climax4 ,contra/ comes ) a lyrical idea 9 ! /r+s4 ,a l\d return ( ! fir/ m>tial subject 9 full or*e/ra m>ks ! beg9n+ ( a spirit$ conclusion4 ,fra ,diavolo 0 an imm$iate success :5 fir/ giv5 9 ,p>is on ,janu>y #bh1 #ahcj2 x has rema9$ ,aub]'s be/ kn[n comic op]a4 ,x has ev5 receiv$ burlesque treatm5t on ! ,hollywood scre5 9 a com$y />r+ ,laurel & ,h>dy4 ,! text by ,eugne ,scribe has = its c5tral "* a b&it *ief by ! "n ( ,fra ,diavolo :o disguises himself z an ,italian ,m>quis4 ,he flirts ) a lady ( noble bir?1 hides 9 ! b$room ( ,z]l9a1 ! inn-keep]'s daught]1 & is f9ally appreh5d$ by ,z]l9a's swee!>t1 ! capta9 ( police4 ,?is popul> ov]ture op5s ) a pianissimo drum roll1 ! preface to a m>* tune = /r+s4 ,! m>* music is ext5d$ to o!r in/rum5ts1 & z ! volume increases x gives ! impression ( an advanc+ army4 ,x atta9s a =tissimo = full or*e/ra1 !n subsides4 ,! ov]ture ends ) sev]al sprightly melodies f ! fir/ act ( ! op]a4 ,! ,mute ( ,portici 7,la ,muette de ,portici7--or1 z x is sometimes call$1 ,masaniello--is a gr& op]a t contribut$ a footnote to ! political hi/ory ( its times4 ,fir/ p]=m$ 9 ,p>is on ,febru>y #bi1 #ahbh1 x _h pr(\nd rep]cussions on ! political situation ( t p]iod1 & x is reg>d$ by _m z a significant influ5ce 9 br++ on ! ,july ,revolution 9 ,p>is 9 #ahcj4 ,:5 fir/ p]=m$ 9 ,brussels ! same ye>1 x in/igat$ su* riots t ! occupy+ ,dut* 7 eject$ f t c\ntry & ,belgium n[ a*iev$ indep5d5ce4 ,! text by ,eugne ,scribe & ,g]ma9 ,delavigne is bas$ on an episode f hi/ory3 a successful ,neapolitan revolt aga9/ ! ,duke ( ,arcos1 head$ by ,tommaso ,anello 9 #afdg4 ,9 ! op]a1 ,masaniello assumes ,anello's "p1 & t[>d ! end ( ! op]a aft] ! insurrection is smo!r$1 he is assass9at$4 ,! ov]ture beg9s ) /ormy music 9 full or*e/ra4 ,aft] ! tempo slack5s1 a s5sitive melody is pres5t$ by cl>9ets & bassoons 9 octaves4 ,! ma9 section ( ! ov]ture n[ unfolds1 its ma9 !me divid$ betwe5 ! /r+s & ! woodw9d4 ,aft] a =tissimo section = full or*e/ra1 a second important melody is he>d 9 ! woodw9d & viol9s4 ,! two ma9 subjects are recall$ & develop$4 ,! ov]ture closes ) a coda 9 :i* p]cussion in/rum5ts are emphasiz$4 ,johann ,seba/ian ,ba* ,johann ,seba/ian ,ba* 0 born 9 ,eis5a*1 ,g]many1 on ,m>* #ba1 #afhe4 ,he 0 ! mo/ significant memb] ( a family t = g5]ations _h produc$ pr(essional musicians4 ,8 c>e] c be divid$ into ?ree conv5i5t p]iods4 ,! fir/ 0 betwe5 #agjh & #agag :51 z organi/ to ! ,ducal ,*apel 9 ,weim>1 he wrote mo/ ( 8 ma/]works = organ4 ,dur+ ! second p]iod1 f #agag to #agbc1 he s]v$ z ,kapellmei/] to ,pr9ce ,leopold 9 ,coe!n4 ,dur+ ?is p]iod he wrote mo/ ( 8 major works = or*e/ra1 solo in/rum5ts1 & *amb]-music ensembles4 ,! la/ p]iod took place 9 ,leipzig f #agbc until 8 dea? :]e he 0 cantor ( ! ,/4 ,?omas ,*ur*4 ,9 ,leipzig he produc$ "s ( 8 greate/ *oral compositions4 ,t[>ds ! end ( 8 life he w5t bl9d & became p>alyz$4 ,he di$ 9 ,leipzig on ,july #bh1 #agej4 ,z ! culm9ation ( ! age ( polyphony1 ,johann ,seba/ian ,ba*'s ma/]works are1 = ! mo/ "p1 too complex & subtle = popul> appeal4 ,b f 8 va/ & incomp>able output ( conc]tos1 sonatas1 suites1 masses1 passions1 cantatas1 & v>i\s compositions = ! organ & = ! piano1 x is possible to lift a few r&om items ( su* melodic *>m & simple emotional appeal t !y c be pr(itably exploit$ = wide consumption4 ,9 ^! less complicat$ works1 ,ba*'s consummate skill at c\nt]po9t1 & 8 equally =midable gift at homophonic writ+1 are always 9 evid5ce4 ,! ,air is "o ( ,ba*'s mo/ fam\s melodies1 a s\lful religi\s song = /r+s4 ,x c be f\nd z ! second movem5t ( 8 ,suite ,no4 #c 9 ,d major = or*e/ra1 b is (t5 p]=m$ ap>t f ! re/ ( ! "w4 ,augu/ ,wilhelmj transcrib$ ?is music = viol9 & piano1 call+ x ! ,air on ! ,g ,/r+4 ,?is transcription has be5 sev]ely criticiz$ z a mutilation ( ! orig9al2 ,sir ,donald ,francis ,tovey describ$ x z a 8deva/at+ d]angem5t40 ,nev]!less1 x has reta9$ its popul>ity 9 viol9 lit]ature1 j z ! orig9al has rema9$ a favorite 9 or*e/ral music4 ,come ,sweet ,dea? 7,komm1 suess] ,tod7 is a mov+ *orale = voice & accompanim5t3 a simple & eloqu5t resignation to dea?4 ,x does n come f any ( ,ba*'s l>g] works b c be f\nd 9 ,s*emelli's collection 7#agcf74 ,x has become extremely popul> 9 or*e/ral transcriptions by ,leopold ,/ok[ski & ,reg9ald ,/ew>t1 b is also sometimes he>d 9 arrangem5ts = v>i\s solo in/rum5ts & piano1 z well z = ! organ4 ,jesu1 ,joy ( ,man's ,desir+ 7,jesu bleibt me9e ,freude7 is probably ,ba*'s be/ kn[n & mo/ frequ5tly p]=m$ *orale3 a /ately melody introduc$ by1 !n set aga9/1 a gracefully fl[+ accompanim5t4 ,?is composition comes f ! *ur* cantata ,no4 #adg1 ,h]z und ,mund und ,tat und ,leb54 ,v>i\s transcriptions h popul>iz$ ?is composition1 notably t = piano by ,myra ,hess1 = organ by ,e4 ,p[] ,biggs1 & = or*e/ra by ,luci5 ,caillet4 ,! ,prelude 9 ,e major is a vigor\s & spirit$ piece ( music ^: rhy?mic mom5tum does n relax f ! fir/ b> to ! la/4 ,x appe>s z ! fir/ movem5t ( ! ,p>tita ,no4 #c 9 ,e major = solo viol94 ,x is p]haps ev5 bett] kn[n 9 transcription ?an 9 ! orig9al v]sion1 notably 9 ^? = viol9 & piano by ,rob]t ,s*umann & ,fritz ,kreisl]1 = solo piano by ,ra*man9(f1 & = or*e/ra by ,/ok[ski1 ,ricc>do ,pick-,mangiagalli1 ,sir ,h5ry ,j4 ,wood1 & ,luci5 ,caillet4 ,! ,siciliano is a beautiful1 /ately song--! fir/ movem5t ( ! ,sonata ,no4 #d 9 ,c m9or = viol9 & accompanim5t4 ,/ok[ski has made a f9e transcription = or*e/ra4 ,! ,wise ,virg9s is a ballet-suite compris+ six compositions by ,ba* drawn f 8 lit]ature = ! *ur* & transcrib$ = or*e/ra by ! em95t ,briti% compos]1 ,sir ,william ,walton4 ,x 0 us$ = a ballet produc$ at ,sadl]'s ,wells 9 #aidj4 ,fr$]ick ,a%ton's *oreography drew its mat]ial f ! p>able ( ! ,wise & ,fooli% ,virg9s 9 ! #be? *apt] ( ! ,gospel ,accord+ to ,/4 ,mat!w2 b ?is p>able is se5 ?r\gh ! eyes ( ! ,italian ,r5aissance pa9t]s4 8,a%ton10 wrote ,arnold ,haskell1 8has provid$ ! p]fect meet+ place = music & pa9t+4 ,! inspiration 0 pictorial 444 x is equally musical4 ,! movem5t & unfold+ ( ! n>rative foll[ directly f ! ,ba* music s brilliantly arrang$ & or*e/rat$ by ,william ,walton40 ,all six movem5ts ( ! suite are s lyrical & emotional t _! impact on li/5]s is imm$iate4 ,! fir/ movem5t1 8,:at ,god ,ha? ,done ,is ,rightly ,done0 comes f ! op5+ *orus ( a cantata ( ! same "n1 ,no4 #ii 7,0 ,gott tut das i/ wohlgetan74 ,a lively melody is fir/ %>$ by /r+s & woodw9d & !n giv5 fanciful embelli%m5ts4 ,a /rong *orale melody = ! brass is !n giv5 prom95t treatm5t4 ,! second movem5t1 8,"l1 ,he> ,my ,long+0 is a *orale f ! ,passion ,accord+ to ,/4 ,mat!w :i* is "h giv5 ! treatm5t ( an organ *orale-prelude ) a t5d]ly expressive *orale melody 9 woodw9d amplifi$ by /r+s4 ,! ?ird movem5t1 8,see ,:at ,8 ,love ,c ,d0 is an expansive melody = /r+s & woodw9d aga9/ a fl[+ accompanim5t2 ?is music is d]iv$ f ,cantata ,no4 #he1 ,i* b9 e9 gut] ,hirt4 ,?is is foll[$ by 8,ah1 ,h[ ,ephem]al10 a dramatic page = full or*e/ra highlight+ a *orale = brass tak5 f ,cantata ,no4 #bf1 ,a*1 wie flue*tig4 ,! fif? section is ! mo/ fam\s4 ,x is 8,%eep ,may ,safely ,graze0 78,s*afe ko5n5 si*] weid507 f ! secul> ,cantata ,no4 #bjh1 ,0 mir behagt4 ,an introductory recitative = solo viol9 leads to a sway+ melody = ! woodw9d4 ,! l[] /r+s !n pres5t a pa/oral song :i* soon receives beautiful filigree "w f o!r p>ts ( ! or*e/ra4 ,! sway+ subject = woodw9d closes ! piece4 ,sir ,john ,b>birolli also made an effective or*e/ral transcription ( ?is composition1 :ile ,p]cy ,gra+] arrang$ x = solo piano1 & ,m>y ,h[e = two solo pianos4 ,! f9ale ( ! suite is 8,praise ,be to ,god10 :i* is also ! f9ale ( ,cantata ,no4 #abi1 ,gelobet sei d] ,h]r1 me9 ,gott4 ,?is is vigor\s music t is an outp\r+ ( pure joy4 ,mi*ael ,balfe ,mi*ael ,william ,balfe 0 born 9 ,dubl91 ,irel& on ,may #ae1 #ahjh4 ,! son ( a danc+ ma/]1 ,mi*ael 0 only six :5 he play$ ! viol9 = 8 fa!r's classes4 ,9 #ahbc1 ,balfe came to ,london :]e he /udi$ ! viol9 & composition ) private tea*]s & e>n$ 8 liv+ z viol9i/ & s+]4 ,additional /udy took place 9 ,italy 9 #ahbe1 includ+ s++ ) ,bordogni4 ,betwe5 #ahbh & #ahcc he appe>$ z pr9cipal b>itone ( ! ,italian ,op]a & sev]al o!r ,fr5* !at]s 9 ,p>is4 ,9 #ahce1 he initiat$ an ev5 m successful c>e] z compos] ( ,engli% op]as1 ) ,! ,siege ( ,ro*elle1 produc$ t ye> 9 ,london4 ,he cont9u$ writ+ num]\s op]as1 produc+ 8 ma/]work1 ,! ,bohemian ,girl1 9 #ahdc4 ,betwe5 #ahdf & #ahef ,balfe travel$ to diff]5t p>ts ( ,europe to att5d p]=mances ( 8 op]as4 ,9 #ahfd he left ,london to retire to 8 e/ate 9 ,r[ney ,abbey :]e he di$ on ,octob] #bj1 #ahgj4 ,! ,bohemian ,girl is a classic ( ,engli% op]a4 ,x 0 fir/ produc$ at ,drury ,lane 9 ,london on ,novemb] #bg1 #ahdc1 :5 x enjoy$ a s5sational success4 ,x 0 soon translat$ into ,fr5*1 ,g]man & ,italian & 0 ext5sively p]=m$ ?r\gh\t ,europe4 ,! libretto1 by ,alfr$ ,bunn1 0 bas$ on a ballet-pantomime by ,v]noy de ,sa9t-,georges4 ,! sett+ is ,hung>y 9 ! #ah? c5tury1 & its h]o9e is ,arl9e1 daught] ( ,c\nt ,arnheim :o1 z a girl1 _h be5 kidnapp$ by gypsies & rais$ z "o ( !m4 ,%e is falsely accus$ by ! ,c\nt's m5 ( /eal+ a valuable m$allion f ! ,c\nt's palace & is imprison$4 ,appe>+ be=e ! ,c\nt to ask = clem5cy1 %e is imm$iately recogniz$ by him z 8 daught]4 ,melodi\s selections f ?is op]a are frequ5tly he>d4 ,! mo/ fam\s s+le melody is 8,i ,dream'd ,t ,i ,dwelt 9 ,m>ble ,halls0 :i* ,arl9e s+s 9 ! fir/ sc5e ( ! second act z %e recalls a dream4 8,! ,he>t ,b[$ ,d[n10 ! ,c\nt's song 9 ! f\r? sc5e ( ! second act z he gazes long+ly on a picture ( 8 long lo/ daught]1 & 8,!n ,y'll ,rememb] ,me10 a t5or aria f ! ?ird act are also famili>4 ,hub]t ,ba? ,hub]t ,ba? 0 born 9 ,b>n/aple1 ,engl&1 on ,novemb] #f1 #ahhc4 ,he att5d$ ! ,royal ,academy ( ,music 9 ,london1 aft] :i* he wrote 8 fir/ op]a4 ,= a ye> he 0 conductor ( an op]a company t t\r$ ! _w4 ,aft] #aiae he devot$ himself ma9ly to composition4 ,besides 8 op]as1 tone poems1 cantatas & v>i\s in/rum5tal works he wrote a consid]able am\nt ( incid5tal music = /age plays & scores = ! motion pictures4 ,he di$ 9 ,h>efield1 ,engl&1 on ,april #bd1 #aide4 ,! ,corni% ,rhapsody1 = piano & or*e/ra1 is "o ( 8 la/ compositions & ! mo/ fam\s4 ,he wrote x = ! ,briti% motion picture ,love ,/ory1 releas$ 9 #aidf1 />r+ ,m>g>et ,lockwood & ,/ew>t ,grang]4 ,lockwood plays ! "p ( a conc]t piani/1 & ! ,corni% ,rhapsody is basic to ! /ory :i* involves ! piani/ ) a man 9 love ) ano!r woman4 ,! rhapsody beg9s ) arpeggio figures :i* lead to a /rong rhapsodic passage 9 full *ords4 ,a bold section is !n contra/$ by a g5tle melody ( expressive beauty1 ! he>t ( ! composition4 ,a cad5za br+s on a return ( ! e>li] /rong subject1 & a recall ( ! expressive melody 9 ! or*e/ra to piano embelli%m5ts4 ,! composition ends ) massive passages & /rongly acc5t$ h>monies4 ,ludwig van ,bee?ov5 ,ludwig van ,bee?ov5 0 born 9 ,bonn1 ,g]many1 on ,decemb] #af1 #aggj4 ,he receiv$ 8 e>lie/ musical tra9+ 9 8 native city :]e he e>ly gave /rong evid5ce ( g5ius4 ,he publi%$ 8 fir/ works :5 he 0 elev51 & soon !reaft] 0 p]=m+ publicly on ! organ1 cembalo1 & ! viola4 ,he also disclos$ a ph5om5al gift at improvisation4 ,he e/abli%$ p]man5t resid5ce 9 ,vi5na 9 #agib4 ,?ree ye>s lat] he made !re 8 fir/ public appe>ance1 & f !n on began to occupy a high position 9 ,vi5nese musical life z a piano virtuoso4 ,8 fame z a compos] soon sup]s$$ t ( virtuoso z he won ! support ( ,vi5na's ari/ocracy4 ,he ent]$ ^u a new creative phase1 z well z full maturity1 beg9n+ ) #ahjj1 :5 8 fir/ symphony 0 introduc$ 9 ,vi5na4 ,8 creative p[]s cont9ually deep5$ & became enri*$ f t "t on4 ,z he re/lessly s\ght to give poetic & dramatic expression to 8 writ+ he broke d[n ! classical b>ri]s s long conf9+ music & op5$ up new horizons = /yle & /ructure4 ,mean:ile1 9 or ab\t #ahja or #ahjb1 he realiz$ he 0 gr[+ deaf1 a discov]y t swept him into despond5cy & despair1 bo? ( :i* f9d expression 9 a unique & rem>kable docum5t kn[n z ! ,heilig5/adt ,te/am5t4 ,deafness l$ to p]sonal idiosyncrasies & volatile moods :i* (t5 tri$ ! pati5ce ( ev5 8 close/ fri5ds1 b x did n decrease ! quantity ( 8 musical production nor prev5t him f a*iev+ heights ( creative expression a*iev$ by few1 if any4 ,he di$ 9 ,vi5na on ,m>* #bf1 #ahbg aft] hav+ u%]$ 9 a new age = music ) 8 symphonies1 conc]tos1 sonatas1 /r+ qu>tets1 & ma/]works 9 o!r categories includ+ op]a & *oral music4 ,! gr&eur ( expression1 ! pr(undity ( ?\ght1 & ! indep5d5ce ( idiom we associate ) ,bee?ov5 is n to be f\nd 9 8 light] music :i*1 g5]ally speak+1 is 9 a traditional mold1 pleas+ /yle1 & 9 an invit+ lyric ve94 ,?is is n ! ,bee?ov5 :o 0 ! pr\d democrat1 ^: life 0 a /ruggle ) de/9y1 & :o s\ght to make music ! expression ( 8 pr(\nde/ concepts4 ,?is is r1 ano!r ,bee?ov53 ! "o :o lik$ to dance1 ?\gh he did x badly2 :o flirt$ ) ! girls2 & :o indulg$ 9 :at he himself describ$ z 8unbutton$ humor40 ,bee?ov5 wrote twelve ,contr$anses 7,contreta5ze7 9 #ahja-ahjb4 ,^! are n 8c\ntry dances0 z ! t]m 8contreta5ze0 is sometimes errone\sly translat$4 ,! ,contr$anse is ! pr$ecessor ( ! waltz4 ,l ! waltz x is 9 ?ree-"p =m1 ! ?ird "p repeat+ ! fir/1 :ile ! middle section is usually a trio 9 contra/+ mood4 ,9 #ahja-ahjb1 :5 ,bee?ov5 wrote 8 ,contr$anses1 he 0 already beg9n+ to probe deeply into poetic ?\ght & emotion 9 8 symphonies1 sonatas1 & conc]tos4 ,b 9 ! ,contr$anses ! poet becomes peasant4 ,?is is e>?y music1 ov]fl[+ ) melodies ( folksong vigor1 & vitaliz$ by infecti\s peasant rhy?ms4 ,! ,contr$anse ,no4 #g 9 ,e-flat major is p>ticul>ly fam\s2 ?is same melody 0 us$ by ! compos] = 8 music to ! ballet ,prome!us1 = ! f9ale ( 8 ,eroica ,symphony1 & = 8 ,piano ,v>iations1 op4 #ce4 ,! key signatures ( ! twelve ,contr$anses are3 ,c major1 ,a major1 ,d major1 ,b-flat major1 ,e-flat major1 ,c major1 ,e-flat major1 ,c major1 ,a major1 ,c major1 ,g major & ,e-flat major4 ,a half doz5 ye>s be=e he wrote 8 ,contr$anses ,bee?ov5 _h complet$ a set ( twelve ,g]man ,dances 7,deuts*e ,ta5ze74 ,! =m1 /yle1 & _s ( ! ,g]man ,dance is s simil> to ! ,contr$anse t _m ,au/rian compos]s us$ ! t]ms int]*angeably4 ,bee?ov5's e>ly ,g]man ,dances1 l ! lat] ,contr$anses1 are a res]voir ( lively & tuneful semi-classical music ) an engag+ e>?y quality to ! melodies & a lu/y vitality to ! rhy?ms4 ,few ,bee?ov5 compositions h enjoy$ su* univ]sal approval ) budd+ piani/s1 salon or*e/ras1 & v>i\s popul> ensembles z ! ,m9uet 9 ,g4 ,x is n too f> afield to ma9ta9 t ?is is "o ( ! mo/ fam\s m9uets 9 all musical lit]ature4 ,bee?ov5 wrote x orig9ally = ! piano2 x is ! second ( a set ( six m9uets1 writt5 9 #agie1 b publi%$ z op4 #afg4 ,x is ev5 m celebrat$ 9 its _m diff]5t transcriptions ?an x is 9 ! orig9al4 ,! composition is 9 ?ree-"p =m4 ,! fir/ & ?ird p>ts consi/ ( a /ately classical melody2 midway comes a fa/-mov+ trio ( contra/+ _s4 ,! fir/ movem5t ( ! ,moonlight ,sonata is also (t5 he>d 9 v>i$ transcriptions = salon or 8pop0 or*e/ras4 ,! ,moonlight ,sonata is ! popul> "n ( ! piano sonata 9 ,c-%>p m9or1 op4 #bg1 no4 #b :i* ,bee?ov5 wrote 9 #ahja & :i* he designat$ z ,sonata quasi una fantasia ma9ly because ( ! fantasia "* ( ?is fir/ movem5t4 ,! poetic & s5sitive mood ma9ta9$ ?r\gh\t ! fir/ movem5t--) a romantic melody ( ineffable sadness accompani$ by sl[ triplets--is ! reason :y ! critic ,rell/ab 7& n ! compos]7 provid$ ! entire sonata ) ! "n ( 8,moonlight40 ,to ,rell/ab ?is fir/ movem5t evok$ = him a picture ( ,lake ,luc]ne 9 ,switz]l& at night "t1 g5tly t\*$ by ! moonlight4 ,! fact t ,bee?ov5 d$icat$ ! sonata to ,c\ntess ,giulietta ,guicci>di1 ) :om he 0 !n 9 love1 leads to a leg5d t he wrote ?is music to express fru/rat$ love1 b ?is 0 n ! case4 ,ano!r my? ab\t ?is fir/ movem5t is t ,bee?ov5 improvis$ ?is music :ile play+ = a bl9d boy1 z moonlight /ream$ into ! w9d[ ( 8 room2 aft] he _h f9i%$ play+ he id5tifi$ himself to ! awe-/rick5 y\ng/]4 ,x 0 ! op9ion ( ! em95t critic1 ,h5ry ,e4 ,krehbiel1 t ! sonata 0 inspir$ by a poem1 ,die ,bet]9 by ,seume1 describ+ a "y girl kneel+ at an alt> begg+ = h] fa!r's recov]y f a s]i\s illness2 angels desc5d to com=t h] & %e becomes transfigur$ by a div9e light4 ,bee?ov5 wrote two ,romances = viol9 & or*e/ra3 9 ,f major1 op4 #ej 7#ahjb7 & ,g major1 op4 #dj 7#ahjc74 ,r>ely d we enc\nt] 9 ,bee?ov5's works su* a fre%1 spontane\s & entirely unsophi/icat$ outp\r+ ( song--a song t we>s its beauty on ! surface--z 9 ^! two compositions4 ,! two ,romances are companion pieces & pursue a simil> patt]n4 ,ea* op5s ) ! solo viol9 pres5t+ ! ma9 melody 79 ! ,f major accompani$ by ! or*e/ra1 9 ! ,g major1 solo74 ,ea* !n progresses to a pure outp\r+ ( lyricism foll[$ by virtuoso passages = ! solo in/rum5t4 ,9 ea*1 viol9 & or*e/ra appe> to be engag+ 9 a g5tle dialogue4 ,! ,turki% ,m>* 7,m>cia alla turca7 is "o ( sev]al numb]s 7! f\r?7 compris+ ! incid5tal music to a play by ,kotzebue1 ,! ,ru9s ( ,a!ns 7,die ,ru95 von ,a!n71 op4 #aac 7#ahaa74 ,! production ( ?is play ) ,bee?ov5's music 0 int5d$ = ! op5+ ( a !at] 9 ,pe/h on ,febru>y #i1 #ahab4 ,! ,turki% ,m>* is 9 ! pseudo-,turki% melodic /yle popul> 9 ,vi5na 9 ! e>ly #ai? c5tury1 & x employs p]cussion in/rum5ts su* z ! triangle :i* ! ,vi5nese !n associat$ ) ,turki% music4 ,! m>*1 ) its quixotic little melody1 beg9s s(tly1 almo/ l m>* music he>d f a di/ance4 ,x gr[s 9 sonority until a /irr+ climax is a*iev$4 ,!n x dies out gradually & ebbs away 9 ! di/ance4 ,leopold ,au] made a fam\s transcription = viol9 & piano1 :ile ,bee?ov5 himself transcrib$ x = piano1 ) six v>iations1 op4 #gf 7#ahji74 ,v9c5zo ,bell9i ,v9c5zo ,bell9i 0 born 9 ,catania1 ,sicily1 on ,novemb] #c1 #ahja4 ,born to a musical family1 he receiv$ music in/ruction 9 *ildhood1 & :ile /ill v "y />t$ compos+4 ,he !n att5d$ ! ,san ,seba/iano ,cons]vatory 9 ,naples2 dur+ 8 /ay !re he complet$ a symphony1 two masses1 & a cantata among o!r works4 ,he made 8 b[ z op]a compos] ) ,adelson e ,salv9i1 introduc$ at ! ,cons]vatory 9 #ahbe4 ,he cont9u$ writ+ op]as aft] t1 & hav+ !m produc$ 9 major ,italian op]a h\ses ) v>y+ degrees ( success4 ,i ,capuleti e i ,montec*i1 giv5 9 ,v5ice 9 #ahcj1 0 a triumph4 ,!n came ! two op]as by :i* ,bell9i is today mo/ (t5 repres5t$ 9 ! rep]tory3 ,la ,sonnambula & ,norma1 bo? produc$ 9 #ahca4 ,9 #ahcc he came to ,p>is :]e he complet$ 8 la/ op]a1 ,i ,puritani1 giv5 9 ,p>is 9 #ahce4 ,he 0 at ! height ( 8 fame & creative p[]s :5 he di$ 9 ,puteaux1 ne> ,p>is1 on ,septemb] #bc1 #ahce1 at ! age ( ?irty-f\r1 a victim ( inte/9al fev]4 ,bell9i 0 ! g5ius ( op]a song4 ,8 fre%1 pure lyricism--p]fect 9 design & elegant 9 /yle--elevates 8 greate/ op]as to a place ( significance4 ,8 ma/]work is ,norma1 introduc$ at ,la ,scala 9 ,milan on ,decemb] #bf1 #ahca1 :]e x 0 at fir/ a failure4 ,! libretto by ,felice ,romani 0 bas$ on a trag$y by ,l4 ,a4 ,s\met4 ,9 ,gaul1 dur+ ! ,roman occupation1 9 or ab\t #ej ,b4,c41 ,norma1 high prie/ess ( ! ,druids1 violates h] v[s by secretly m>ry+ ! ,roman proconsul1 ,pollione1 & be>+ him two sons4 ,pollione !n falls 9 love ) ,adalgisa1 virg9 ( ! ,temple ( ,esus4 ,unaw>e t ,pollione is m>ri$1 ,adalgisa confides to ,norma %e is 9 love ) him4 ,) ,pollione's infidelity n[ app>5t1 he is br\ght be=e ,norma = judgm5t4 ,%e (f]s him ! *oice ( dea? or ! r5unciation ( ,adalgisa4 ,:5 ,pollione accepts dea?1 ,norma confesses to h] p t1 hav+ desecrat$ h] v[s1 %e1 too1 mu/ die4 ,mov$ by ?is confession1 ,pollione volunte]s to die at h] side 9 ! fun]al pyre4 ,! ov]ture is fam\s4 ,l\d dramatic *ords 9 full or*e/ra are succe$$ by a s(t l5to passage4 ,a /rong melody is !n pres5t$ by flutes & viol9s aga9/ an incisive rhy?m4 ,!re foll[s a graceful1 sprightly & /rongly acc5t$ tune 9 ! /r+s4 ,bo? melodies are !n amplifi$1 dramatiz$1 & repeat$2 p>ticul> emphasis is plac$ on ! delicate1 acc5t$ tune4 ,! ov]ture !n proce$s to an en]getic conclusion4 ,"o vocal episode f ,norma is also extremely popul> & is (t5 he>d 9 or*e/ral transcriptions4 ,x is ,norma's aria1 8,ca/a diva10 surely "o ( ! noble/ soprano arias 9 all ,italian op]atic lit]ature4 ,x comes 9 ! fir/ act & repres5ts ,norma's pray] = peace1 & h] grief t ! hatr$ ( h] p = ! ,roman invad]s mu/ also result 9 _! hatr$ = h] husb&1 ,pollione1 ! ,roman proconsul4 ,ralph ,b5atzky ,ralph ,b5atzky 0 born 9 ,moravsk-,budejovice1 ,bohemia1 on ,june #e1 #ahhd4 ,he acquir$ 8 musical tra9+ 9 ,prague & ) ,felix ,mottl 9 ,muni*1 aft] :i* he devot$ himself to light music by compos+ op]ettas4 ,:ile resid+ at diff]5t p]iods 9 ,vi5na1 ,b]l91 & ,switz]l&1 he wrote ! scores = ov] n9ety op]ettas & #bej motion pictures1 besides produc+ ab\t five ?\s& songs4 ,8 mo/ successful op]ettas 7 ,! ,laugh+ ,triple ,alliance1 ,my ,si/] & ,i1 ,love 9 ! ,sn[1 ,axel at ! ,gates ( ,heav51 & ,! ,:ite ,horse ,inn4 ,he came to live 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 #aidj1 b aft] ,_w ,w> ,,ii return$ to ,europe4 ,he di$ 9 ,zuri* on ,octob] #ag1 #aieg4 ,! ,:ite ,horse ,inn 7,im weiss5 ,roess'l7 is n only ,b5atzky's mo/ celebrat$ op]etta1 b also "o ( ! mo/ successful produc$ 9 ,europe betwe5 ! two _w w>s1 & possibly ! la/ ( ! great ,european op]ettas4 ,x 0 fir/ p]=m$ 9 ,b]l9 9 #aicj1 aft] :i* x enjoy$ ov] a ?\s& p]=mances 9 ,europe4 ,its premire 9 ,am]ica 9 #aicf 7! book 0 adapt$ by ,david ,fre$man1 lyrics 7 by ,irv+ ,caes>1 ,william ,gaxton & ,kitty ,c>lisle />r$7 0 only a mod]ate success4 ,! op]etta book ( ! orig9al--freely adapt$ by ,erik ,*>ell & ,hans ,muell]1 f a play by ,blum5?al & ,kadelburg--is set 9 ! delightful resort ( ,/4 ,wolfgang on ,wolfgangsee 9 ,au/ria1 9 ! era j be=e ,_w ,w> ,i4 ,leopold1 headwait] ( ,! ,:ite ,horse ,inn1 is 9 love ) its own]1 ,frau ,josepha1 :o favors ! lawy]1 ,si$l]4 ,9 a fit ( temp] %e fires ,leopold1 b ^u le>n+ t ,emp]or ,franz ,josef is ab\t to pay ! inn a visit1 %e prevails ^u him to /ay on4 ,leopold makes a welcom+ spee* to ! ,emp]or1 dur+ :i* 8 bitt] res5tm5t aga9/ ,frau ,josepha gets ! upp] h&4 ,lat] on1 :5 ,frau ,josepha confides to ! ,emp]or t %e is 9 love ) ,si$l]1 he urges h] to consid] ,leopold = a husb&4 ,leopold !n comes to ,josepha ) a lett] ( resignation1 :i* %e accepts1 b only because %e is n[ ready to give him a new position1 z h] husb&4 ,selections f ?is tuneful op]etta include ! ma9 love song1 8,es muss e9 wund]b>es se910 ! ditty 8,zus*au'n kann i* ni*t10 & ! lively waltz1 8,im weiss5 ,roess'l am ,wolfgangsee40 ,x is ma9ly ! worldwide popul>ity ( ?is op]etta 7ev5 m ?an ! natural beauty ( ,wolfgangsee7 t br+s t\ri/s ea* ye> to ! ,:ite ,horse ,inn at ,/4 ,wolfgang1 = a sight ( ! op]etta's sett+1 & to p>take ( refre%m5ts on ! attractive v]&a ov]look+ ,wolfgangsee4 ,! inn is n[ g5]\sly decorat$ ) pictures 9 :i* ! two ma9 songs ( ! op]etta are quot$1 supplem5t$ by a portrait ( ,b5atzky4 ,s\v5ir a%trays also c>ry musical quotations f ! op]etta4 ,ar?ur ,b5jam9 ,ar?ur ,b5jam9 0 born 9 ,sydney1 ,au/ralia1 on ,septemb] #ah1 #ahic4 ,8 music /udy took place at ! ,royal ,college ( ,music 9 ,london4 ,aft] s]v+ 9 ,_w ,w> ,i1 he became pr(essor at ! ,sydney ,cons]vatory1 & 9 #aibf he assum$ a simil> po/ ) ! ,royal ,college ( ,music 9 ,london4 ,mean:ile 9 #aibd he receiv$ ! ,c>negie ,aw>d = 8 ,pa/oral ,fantasia1 & 9 #aicb 8 fir/ op]a1 ,! ,devil ,take ,h]1 0 produc$ 9 ,london4 ,= five ye>s1 beg9n+ ) #aida1 he 0 ! conductor ( ! ,vanc\v] ,symphony4 ,he has writt5 notable conc]tos1 a symphony1 & o!r or*e/ral music1 toge!r ) *amb] works & sev]al op]as includ+ ,a ,tale ( ,two ,cities :i* won ! ,fe/ival ( ,brita9 ,prize foll[+ its premire 9 #aiec4 ,he also wrote a h>monica conc]to = ,l>ry ,adl]4 ,?\gh _m ( 8 compositions are 9 an advanc$ /yle & te*nique1 ,b5jam9 0 p]haps be/ kn[n = 8 light] pieces1 p>ticul>ly ^? 9 a popul> ,s\? ,am]ican idiom4 ,he di$ 9 ,london on ,april #aj1 #aifj4 ,! ,cotillon 7#aici7 is a suite ( ,engli% dances d]iv$ f a m$ley entitl$ ,! ,danc+ ,s*ool1 publi%$ 9 ,london 9 #agai4 ,pres5t$ by ,b5jam9 9 contempor>y h>monic & in/rum5tal dress1 ^! tunes--popul> 9 ,engl& 9 ! e>ly #ah? c5tury--/ill reta9 _! appeal4 ,a %ort introduction1 built f a basic motive f ! fir/ dance1 leads to ! foll[+ episodes ) descriptive titles3 8,"l ,h]e=d's ,delight0 = full or*e/ra2 8,daphne's ,delight0 = woodw9d & /r+s2 8,m>lbor\gh's ,victory10 = full or*e/ra2 8,love's ,triumph0 = /r+s2 8,jig ,x ,a ,foot0 = full or*e/ra2 8,! ,*>m]0 = small or*e/ra2 8,nymph ,div9e0 = small or*e/ra & h>p solo2 8,! ,tattl]0 = full or*e/ra2 & 8,argyll0 = full or*e/ra4 ,a figure f ! f9al tune is giv5 ext5d$ treatm5t 9 ! coda4 ,b5jam9's be/ kn[n piece ( music is ! ,jamaican ,rumba 7#aidb74 ,?is is ! second numb] ( ,two ,jamaican ,pieces = or*e/ra4 ,a light /accato accompanim5t 9 rumba rhy?m c\rses nimbly ?r\gh ! piece z ! woodw9ds pres5t a saucy melody1 & ! /r+s a c\nt]subject4 ,consecutive fif?s 9 ! h>mony1 a xylophone 9 ! or*e/ration1 & ! *ang+ met]s creat$ by novel arrangem5t ( notes 9 ea* measure1 provide p>ticul> int]e/4 ,! ,jamaican ,rumba has be5 transcrib$ = v>i\s solo in/rum5ts & piano z well z = piano trio4 ,! ,nor? ,am]ican ,squ>e ,dances1 = two pianos & or*e/ra 7#aiee71 is a delightful treatm5t ( ,am]ican folk idioms4 ,! "w comprises eight fiddle tunes play$ at old-"t squ>e dances4 ,! native flavor is enhanc$ 9 ! music by sugge/ions & simulations ( feet-/amp+1 voice call+1 & ! plunk+ ( a banjo4 ,9 ! ,introduction !re appe> fragm5ts ( ! fir/ dance2 ^! same fragm5ts return 9 ! coda4 ,!re are eight sections3 ,introduction & 8,hell]'s ,reel02 8,! ,old ,plunk02 8,! ,bundle ,/raw02 8,he ,pip$ ,s ,sweet02 8,fill ! ,b[l02 8,pigeon on ! ,pi]02 8,cald] ,fair02 & 8,salamanca0 & 8,coda40 ,! f\r? & sev5? dances are 9 sl[ tempo1 :ile all o!rs are fa/4 ,rob]t ,russell ,b5nett ,rob]t ,russell ,b5nett 0 born 9 ,kansas ,city1 ,miss\ri1 on ,june #ae1 #ahid4 ,he began 8 music /udy 9 ,kansas ,city3 piano ) 8 "m2 viol9 & sev]al o!r in/rum5ts ) 8 fa!r2 & h>mony ) ,c>l ,bus*4 ,:ile /ill a boy he wrote & _h publi%$ sev]al compositions4 ,he came to ,new ,york 9 #aiaf1 work$ = a :ile z copyi/ at ,g4 ,s*irm]1 !n dur+ ,_w ,w> ,i s]v$ = a ye> 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,army4 ,aft] ! w> he sp5t sev]al ye>s 9 ,p>is /udy+ composition ) ,nadia ,b\lang]2 dur+ ?is p]iod he 0 twice ! recipi5t ( a ,gugg5heim ,fell[%ip4 ,9 #aibf-aibg he receiv$ honorable m5tion = 8 fir/ symphony1 9 a conte/ sponsor$ by ,musical ,am]ica2 9 #aicj he receiv$ two aw>ds f ,,rca ,victor1 "o = ,sights & ,s\nds1 an or*e/ral tone poem1 ! o!r = 8 fir/ successful & widely p]=m$ "w1 ! symphony ,abraham ,l9coln4 ,s9ce !n ,b5nett has work$ fruitfully 9 ?ree di/9ct areas4 ,z a compos] ( s]i\s works he has produc$ sev]al op]as 7includ+ ,m>ia ,malibran71 symphonies & o!r significant or*e/ral compositions4 ,z an or*e/rator = ! ,broadway !at]1 he has be5 involv$ ) "s ( ! =emo/ /age productions ( our times includ+ musicals by ,rodg]s & ,hamm]/e91 ,j]ome ,k]n1 ,cole ,port]1 & ,l]n] & ,loewe1 & _m o!rs4 ,he has also writt5 compositions ( a m popul> nature1 compositions :i*1 :ile fully exploit+ ! res\rces ( s]i\s music1 are nev]!less fill$ ) popul> or jazz mat]ials4 ,among ! la/ are 8 effective symphonic adaptations ( music f ,george ,g]%w9's ,porgy & ,bess2 ,oklahoma6 & ,s\? ,pacific ( ,rodg]s & ,hamm]/e92 & ,kiss ,me ,kate ( ,cole ,port]4 ,9 ea* in/ance1 ! ma9 melodies are brilliantly or*e/rat$ & skilfully comb9$ into an integrat$ syn!sis s t ea* becomes a coh]5t musical composition4 ,! ,m>*1 = two pianos & or*e/ra1 7#aicj7 makes delightful use ( jazz melodies & rhy?ms4 ,!re are "h f\r connect$ movem5ts1 ea* 9 m>* "t4 ,! fir/ movem5t1 9 a vigor\s /yle1 leaps f "o brief motive to ano!r )\t any attempt at developm5t4 ,9 ! second1 a su/a9$ melody1 fir/ = solo oboe & lat] = ! piano ) full or*e/ra1 is plac$ aga9/ a %ift+ rhy?m4 ,! ?ird is a s]i\s recitative culm9at+ 9 an episode 9 :i* ! classic fun]al m>* is giv5 sophi/icat$ treatm5t4 ,! f\r? movem5t beg9s ) a m>*e mignonne & concludes ) a =ceful1 at times ov]p[]+1 /atem5t ( ! fun]al-m>* !me ( ! ?ird movem5t4 ,:ile ! ,symphony 9 ,d 7#aida7 is scor$ = symphony or*e/ra & has be5 play$ by _m lead+ ,am]ican or*e/ras1 x is music ) its tongue 9 ! *eek1 & is consi/5tly light & humor\s4 ,?is symphony 0 writt5 to honor ! ,brooklyn ,dodg] baseball team 7t is1 :5 !y 7 /ill 9 ,brooklyn7--ironically en\gh an ode to a colorful team by a compos] :o has be5 a lifelong root] ( its mo/ bitt] rival1 ! ,new ,york ,giants 7once aga91 :5 !y 7 /ill at ! ,polo ,gr\nds74 ,!re are f\r brief movem5ts4 ,! fir/1 subtitl$ 8,brooklyn ,w9s10 8means to picture ! ec/atic joy ( ! t[n aft] ! home team w9s a game10 z ! compos] has expla9$4 ,?is is foll[$ by a sl[ 7,&ante lam5toso7 movem5t1 appropriately designat$ z 8,brooklyn ,loses0--music fill$ ) 8gloom & te>s1 & ev5 fury40 ,! ?ird movem5t1 a s*]zo1 is a portrait ( ! club's !n 7#aida7 presid5t1 ,l>ry ,mac,phail1 & 8 pursuit ( a /> pit*]4 8,we he> ! horns' bay call--!n we he> him 9 ,clevel&1 ,ohio1 try+ to trade = ! great pit*]1 ,bob ,fell]4 ,he (f]s ,prospect ,p>k & ! ,brooklyn ,bridge z an ev5 trade1 b ! ,clevel& managem5t says #8,no' 9 ! =m ( a big ,e-flat m9or *ord4 ,aft] repeat$ attempts we he> ! hunt+ horns aga91 z he resumes ! hunt 9 o!r fields40 ,! f9ale is a *oral movem5t1 & l t ( ,bee?ov5's ,n9? ,symphony1 an ode to joy4 8,x is purely fictiti\s1 ?is text1 b x speaks = itself4 ,! subtitle ( ?is f9ale is #8,! ,giants ,come to ,t[n4'0 ,b5nett has writt5 two delightful or*e/ral compositions d]iv$ f ! songs ( ,j]ome ,k]n4 ,"o is ,symphonic ,/udy1 a syn!sis ( "s ( ,k]n's be/-lov$ melodies1 & ,v>iations on a ,!me by ,j]ome ,k]n4 ,bo? ( ^! compositions are discuss$ 9 ! section on ,k]n4 ,b5nett's symphonic treatm5t ( ,george ,g]%w9's ,porgy & ,bess1 entitl$ ,symphonic ,picture1 is comm5t$ ^u 9 ! ,g]%w9 section1 specifically ) ,porgy & ,bess2 ,b5nett's symphonic treatm5t ( ! music ( ,cole ,port]'s ,kiss ,me ,kate1 & ( ,oklahoma6 & ,s\? ,pacific is spok5 ( 9 ! sections devot$ to ,cole ,port] & ,ri*>d ,rodg]s1 respectively4 ,b5nett has also or*e/rat$1 & adapt$ into a symphonic suite1 ! music f ,ri*>d ,rodg]s' ,victory at ,sea1 describ$ 9 ! ,ri*>d ,rodg]s section4 ,hector ,b]lioz ,hector ,b]lioz 0 born 9 ,cte-,sa9t-,&r1 ,france on ,decemb] #aa1 #ahjc4 ,z a "y man he 0 s5t to ,p>is to /udy m$ic9e1 b music occupi$ 8 int]e/s & he soon ab&on$ 8 m$ical /udies to ent] ! ,p>is ,cons]vatory4 ,impati5t ) ! academic re/rictions impos$ ^u him !re1 he left ! ,cons]vatory to beg9 8 c>e] z a compos]4 ,f ! v beg9n+ he set out to op5 new horizons = musical expression & to ext5d ! p]iph]y ( musical /ructure4 ,8 fir/ ma/]work 0 ! ,symphonie fanta/ique1 inspir$ by 8 love = ! ,%akespe>ean actress1 ,h>riet ,smi?son4 ,x 0 introduc$ 9 ,p>is 9 #ahcj1 a ye> 9 :i* ,b]lioz also won ! ,prix de ,rome4 ,9 8 lat] works1 ,b]lioz became "o ( music's e>lie/ ,romantics4 ,he 0 a bold innovator 9 break+ d[n classical re/ra9t2 he help$ ext5d ! dramatic expressiv5ess ( music2 he 0 a pione] 9 ! writ+ ( program music & 9 enri*+ ! language ( h>mony1 rhy?m1 & or*e/ration4 ,among 8 major works are ! ,requiem1 ,h>old 9 ,italy = viola solo & or*e/ra1 ! ,roman ,c>nival ,ov]ture1 ! dramatic symphony ,romeo & ,juliet1 & ,! ,damnation ( ,fau/4 ,b]lioz m>ri$ ,h>riet ,smi?son 9 #ahcc4 ,x prov$ to be a tempe/u\s affair f ! outset1 f9ally end+ by mutual cons5t 9 p]man5t sep>ation4 ,f #aheb until 8 dea? ,b]lioz 0 a libr>ian ( ! ,p>is ,cons]vatory4 ,he 0 active ?r\gh\t ,europe z a conductor & 0 a tr5*ant writ] on musical subjects2 among 8 books is a volume ( ,memoirs4 ,he di$ 9 ,p>is on ,m>* #h1 #ahfi4 ,! compositions by :i* ,b]lioz is mo/ (t5 he>d on semi-classical programs are ?ree exc]pts f ,! ,damnation ( ,fau/3 8,! ,dance ( ! ,sylphs0 78,danse des sylphes072 8,! ,m9uet ( ! ,w-o'-!-,wisps0 78,m5uet des feux-follets071 & 8,rakczy ,m>*0 78,m>*e hongroise074 ,! ,damnation ( ,fau/1 op4 #bd1 describ$ by ! compos] z a 8dramatic leg5d10 took _m ye>s = realization4 ,x 0 bas$ on a ,fr5* translation ( ,goe!'s ,fau/1 publi%$ 9 #ahbg4 ,a ye> lat]1 ,b]lioz complet$ a musical sett+ ( eight sc5es z "p ( an ambiti\s project to prep>e a huge cantata bas$ on ! ,fau/ leg5d4 ,he did n complete ?is project until eighte5 ye>s aft] t4 ,^u return+ to x1 he revis$ 8 e>li] mat]ial1 & wrote a consid]able am\nt ( new music4 ,?is "w 0 fir/ p]=m$ 9 oratorio /yle 9 ,p>is on ,decemb] #f1 #ahdf & 0 a fiasco4 ,x 0 giv5 a /age pres5tation 9 ,monte ,c>lo 9 #aijc4 ,s9ce !n x has be5 p]=m$ bo? 9 conc]t v]sion & z an op]a4 8,! ,dance ( ! ,sylphs0 is graceful waltz music1 its ma9 melody assign$ to ! viol9s4 ,x appe>s 9 ! second "p ( ! 8leg5d40 ,fau/ is lull$ to sleep by sylphs :o appe> 9 8 dream 9 a delicate dance :i* br+s up = him ! image ( 8 belov$ ,m>gu]ite4 8,m9uet ( ! ,w-o'-!-,wisps0 comes 9 ! ?ird "p ( ! leg5d4 ,mephi/o summons ! spirits & ! w-(-!-wisps to encircle ,m>gu]ite's h\se4 ,! dance tune is he>d 9 woodw9d & brass4 ,aft] ! trio section1 ! m9uet melody is repeat$ twice1 ! second "t int]rupt$ by *ords aft] ea* phrase4 ,! 8,rakczy ,m>*0 is bas$ on an #ah?-c5tury ,hung>ian melody4 ,x is logically int]polat$ into ! ,fau/ leg5d by ! exp$i5ce ( hav+ ,fau/ w&] ab\t 9 ,hung>y4 ,a fanf>e = ! brass leads to ! fir/ & ma9 melody1 a brisk m>* subject begun quietly 9 ! woodw9d4 ,x ga9s 9 =ce until x is exultantly proclaim$ by full or*e/ra4 ,a c\nt]subject is !n he>d 9 /r+s4 ,aft] ! m>* melody returns1 x aga9 ga9s 9 volume until x is built up into an ov]p[]+ climax4 ,leon>d ,b]n/e9 ,leon>d ,b]n/e9 0 born 9 ,lawr5ce1 ,massa*usetts1 on ,augu/ #be1 #aiah4 ,e>ly music /udy took place ) private piano tea*]s1 & subsequ5tly ) ,hel5 ,coates & ,he9ri* ,gebh>d4 ,he 0 graduat$ f ,h>v>d 9 #aici aft] :i* he att5d$ ! ,curtis ,in/itute ( ,music 7a pupil ( ,fritz ,re9] 9 conduct+7 & ?ree summ] sessions ( ! ,b]k%ire ,music ,c5t] z a /ud5t & protg ( ,s]ge ,k\ssevitzky4 ,he made a s5sational debut z conductor ) ! ,new ,york ,philh>monic 9 #aidc1 appe>+ z a la/-m9ute sub/itute = ,bruno ,walt] :o _h fall5 ill4 ,s9ce t "t he has ris5 to ! front rank ( contempor>y symphony conductors1 hav+ l$ mo/ ( ! _w's lead+ organizations1 & be+ appo9t$ music director ( ! ,new ,york ,philh>monic 9 #aieh4 ,z a s]i\s compos] he fir/ attract$ att5tion ) ! ,j]emiah ,symphony 9 #aidd1 :i* 0 p]=m$ by mo/ ( ,am]ica's lead+ or*e/ras1 0 record$1 & receiv$ ! ,new ,york ,city ,music ,critics ,aw>d4 ,he subsequ5tly wrote o!r major works = or*e/ra z well z ! scores to successful ballets1 an op]a1 & sev]al ,broadway musical com$ies t 7 box-(fice triumphs2 ! la/ ( ^! includ$ ,on ! ,t[n 7#aidd71 ,wond]ful ,t[n 7#aiec7 & ,we/ ,side ,/ory 7#aieg74 ,b]n/e9 has also di/+ui%$ himself z a musical comm5tator & analy/ ov] television1 conc]t piani/1 & au?or4 ,:e!r writ+ 9 a s]i\s or popul> ve9 ,b]n/e9 consi/5tly reveals himself to be a ma/] ( 8 te*nical res\rces1 end[$ ) a f9e creative imag9ation1 a /rong lyric & rhy?mic gift1 & a re/less intellig5ce t is ev] on ! se>* = new & fre% approa*es 9 8 writ+4 ,high on ! li/ ( favorites 9 ! semi-classical rep]tory are ! or*e/ral suites he adapt$ f 8 two popul> & successful ballets4 ,facsimile1 *oreography by ,j]ome ,robb9s1 0 introduc$ 9 ,new ,york 9 #aidf4 ,! ballet sc5>io revolves ar\nd ?ree lonely p--a woman & two m5--:o f9d only fru/ration & dis5*antm5t aft] try+ to f9d satisfactory p]sonal relation%ips4 ,! or*e/ral suite f ?is vivaci\s score1 vitaliz$ ) ! use ( popul> melodies & dance rhy?ms1 is made up ( f\r p>ts4 ,i4 8,solo40 ,! pr9cipal musical mat]ial "h is f\nd 9 a solo flute4 ,?is is a description ( a woman /&+ alone 9 an op5 place4 ,,ii4 8,pas de ,deux40 ,woman meets man1 & a flirtation ensues to ! tune ( a waltz4 ,! sc5e a*ieves a passionate climax1 & is foll[$ by a s5tim5tal episode1 romanticiz$ 9 ! music by a subject = mut$ /r+s & two solo viol9s & solo viola4 ,! love int]e/ dies2 ! pair become bor$1 !n ho/ile4 ,,iii4 8,pas de trois40 ,! second man ent]s4 ,?is episode is a s*]zo ) ext5d$ piano solo passages4 ,a triangle ensues betwe5 ! two m5 & "o woman1 !re is "s sophi/icat$ int]play among !m1 & f9ally !re ensue bitt] words & misund]/&+s4 ,,iv4 8,coda40 ,! two m5 take _! dep>ture1 n )\t consid]able emb>rassm5t4 ,fancy ,free 0 ,b]n/e9's fir/ ballet1 & x is /ill 8 mo/ popul> "o2 he complet$ 8 score 9 #aidd & x 0 introduc$ by ! ,ballet ,!at] 7:i* _h commission$ x7 on ,april #ah ( t ye>4 ,x 0 a success ( major proportions1 receiv$ num]\s p]=mances1 !n became a /aple 9 ! ,am]ican dance rep]tory4 ,x is1 wrote ,george ,amb]g1 8! fir/ sub/antial ballet entirely creat$ 9 ! contempor>y ,am]ican idiom1 a /rik+ & beautifully conv9c+ example ( g5u9e ,am]ican /yle40 ,! sc5>io1 by ,j]ome ,robb9s1 conc]n$ ! que/ ( girl companion%ip on ! "p ( ?ree sailors on tempor>y %ore leave4 ,b]n/e9's music1 ?\gh sophi/icat$ 9 its h>monic & in/rum5tal vocabul>y1 is fill$ ) racy jazz rhy?ms & idioms & ) melodies ca/ 9 a popul> mold4 ,! or*e/ral suite is made up ( five p>ts3 8,dance ( ! ,?ree ,sailors02 8,sc5e at ! ,b>02 8,pas de deux02 8,pantomime02 8,?ree ,v>iations0 7,galop1 ,waltz1 ,danzon7 & ,f9ale4 ,:5 ?is ,suite 0 fir/ p]=m$1 9 ,pittsburgh 9 #aide1 ) ,b]n/e9 conduct+1 ! compos] provid$ ! foll[+ description ( :at takes place 9 ! music4 8,f ! mom5t ! action beg9s1 ) ! s\nd ( a juke box wail+ beh9d ! curta91 ! ballet is /rictly ,"y ,am]ica ( #aidd4 ,! curta9 rises on a /reet corn] ) a lamppo/1 side /reet b>1 & ,new ,york skyscrap]s trick$ out ) a crazy patt]n ( lights1 mak+ a dizzy+ backgr\nd4 ,?ree sailors explode onto ! /age2 !y are on %ore leave 9 ! city & on ! pr[l = girls4 ,! tale ( h[ !y meet fir/ "o girl1 !n a second1 & h[ !y fight ov] !m1 lose !m1 & 9 ! end take (f aft] /ill a ?ird1 is ! /ory ( ! ballet40 ,fancy ,free 0 exp&$ into a musical-com$y by ,betty ,comd5 & ,adolph ,gre51 = :i* ,b]n/e9 wrote 8 ,broadway score4 ,call$ ,on ! ,t[n x />t$ a "o-ye> ,broadway run on ,decemb] #bh1 #aidd1 & subsequ5tly 0 twice reviv$ 9 (f-,broadway productions1 & 0 made into an out/&+ scre5 musical4 ,georges ,bizet ,georges ,bizet 0 born 9 ,p>is on ,octob] #be1 #ahch4 ,reveal+ a pron\nc$ gift = music 9 e>ly *ildhood he 0 ent]$ into ! ,p>is ,cons]vatory :5 he 0 only n9e4 ,!re--z a pupil ( ,m>montel1 ,halvy1 & ,b5oi/--he won num]\s prizes1 includ+ ! ,prix de ,rome 9 #aheg4 ,9 t ye> he also _h 8 fir/ /age "w produc$1 a "o-act op]a1 ,le ,docteur miracle4 ,aft] 8 return f ,rome to ,p>is he />t$ to write op]as4 ,les ,p*eurs de p]les 7,pe>l ,fi%]s7 & ,la jolie fille de ,p]? 7 produc$ 9 ,p>is 9 #ahfc & #ahfg respectively4 ,success came 9 #ahgb ) 8 fir/ ,suite f ! incid5tal music to ,daudet's ,l',arlsi5ne4 ,aft] t came 8 ma/]work1 ! op]a by :i* he has e>n$ immortality3 ,c>m51 introduc$ 9 ,p>is two mon?s be=e 8 dea?4 ,bizet di$ 9 ,b\gival1 ,france1 on ,june #c1 #ahge4 ,8 gift = ri*1 well-s\nd+ melodies1 & 8 feel+ = invit+ h>monies & ta/eful or*e/ration make _m ( 8 compositions ideal = programs ( light music1 ev5 sali5t portions ( ,c>m54 ,agnus ,dei is a vocal adaptation 7to a liturgical ,lat9 text7 ( ! int]mezzo f ,bizet's incid5tal music to ,l',arlsi5ne4 ,x is also f\nd z ! second movem5t ( ! ,l',arlsi5ne ,suite ,no4 #b4 ,a dramatic dialogue betwe5 =ceful /r+s & s]5e woodw9ds leads into a spiritual religi\s song4 ,! ,arlsi5ne ,suite ,no4 #a is made up ( p>ts f ! incid5tal music1 :i* ,bizet wrote = ! ,prov5al drama ( ,alphonse ,daudet1 ,! ,woman ( ,arles 7,l',arlsi5ne74 ,! play1 ) ,bizet's music consi/+ ( tw5ty-sev5 pieces1 0 giv5 at ! ,?tre du ,vaudeville 9 ,p>is 9 #ahgb4 ,out ( ?is score ! compos] select$ f\r exc]pts & assembl$ !m into an or*e/ral suite1 :i* has become 8 mo/ celebrat$ in/rum5tal composition1 & 8 fir/ success z a compos]4 ,a k ( ! plot & *>act]s ( ! ,daudet play is by no means ess5tial to a full appreciation ( ,bizet's tuneful suite4 ,! fir/ movem5t1 8,prelude10 beg9s ) a m>* melody bas$ on an old ,fr5* ,*ri/mas song4 ,?is is subject$ to a s]ies ( v>iations4 ,aft] ! m>* tune has be5 repeat$ vigor\sly by ! full or*e/ra !re appe>s a pa/oral int]lude1 scor$ orig9ally = saxophones1 b n[ usually he>d 9 cl>9ets4 ,?is1 9 turn1 is succe$$ by a passionate song = /r+s1 ) brass & woodw9d accompanim5t4 ,! second movem5t is a 8,m9uet10 ^: pr9cipal !me is a brisk & /rongly acc5t$ subject4 ,9 ! trio section1 ! cl>9et appe>s ) a fl[+ lyrical episode4 ,z ! viol9s take ?is mat]ial ov] !y become raptur\s2 ! h>p & woodw9d provide intrigu+ accompany+ figures4 ,a brief 8,adagietto0 comes z ! ?ird movem5t4 ,?is is a s5sitive romance = mut$ /r+s4 ,9 ! f9ale1 8,c>illon10 we get a picture ( a peasant celebration ( ! ,fea/ ( ,/4 ,eloi4 ,! horns simulate a ?ree-note *ime ( bells :i* accompanies a lively dance tune1 fir/ 9 /r+s1 !n 9 o!r sections ( ! or*e/ra4 ,a s(t int]lude is int]pos$ by ! woodw9d4 ,!n ! lively dance reappe>s1 once aga9 to be accompani$ by vigor\s toll+ bells simulat$ by ! horns4 ,!re exi/s a second suite made up ( f\r m numb]s f ! incid5tal music to ,l',arlsi5ne4 ,?is 0 prep>$ aft] ,bizet's dea? by 8 fri5d1 ,erne/ ,guiraud4 ,?is second suite is r>ely play$1 b its second movem5t1 8,int]mezzo10 is celebrat$ 9 its liturgical v]sion z 8,agnus ,dei0 7:i* see above74 ,! o!r movem5ts are ,pa/orale1 ,m9uet & ,f>&ole4 ,if ! "n ( ,bizet has surviv$ 9 musical hi/ory & w cont9ue to d s = a long "t to come1 x is surely because ( a s+le ma/]work--8 op]a ,c>m54 ,?is /irr+ music drama--bas$ on ! fam\s novel ( ,prosp] ,mrime1 adapt$ = ,bizet by ,meilhac & ,halvy--nev] fails 9 its emotional & dramatic impact4 ,c>m5 is ! s$uctive gypsy girl :o enme%es two lov]s3 ! bull fight] ,escamillo1 & ! s]geant1 ,don ,jos4 ,bo? %e & ,don ,jos meet a tragic end on ! day ( ,escamillo's triumph 9 ! bull r+4 ,! backgr\nd to ?is fatal /ory ( love & dea? is provid$ by ! ,spani% city ( ,seville--its /reets1 bull r+1 tav]ns1 & ne>by m\nta9 retreat ( smuggl]s4 ,c>m5 0 introduc$ at ! ,opra-,comique on ,m>* #c1 #ahge4 ,leg5d w\ld h u believe x 0 a fiasco1 & fur!r t he>tbreak ov] ?is failure br\ght ab\t ,bizet's premature dea? two mon?s aft] ! op]a 0 fir/ he>d4 ,z a matt] ( hi/oric tru?1 :ile !re 7 "s critics at t fir/ p]=mance :o consid]$ ! text too />k & reali/ic = _! ta/es1 ,c>m5 did v well1 inde$4 ,by ,june #ah? x enjoy$ ?irty-sev5 p]=mances4 ,at ! />t ( ! new season ( ! ,opra-,comique x return$ to ! rep]tory to receive its fiftie? pres5tation by ,febru>y #ae1 #ahgf4 ,x 0 hail$ 9 ,vi5na 9 #ahge1 ,brussels 9 #ahgf1 & ,london & ,new ,york 9 #ahgh4 ,_m critics ev]y:]e 7 z en?usia/ic z ! g5]al public1 & ) good reason4 ,= all ! vivid color ( ,spani% life & backgr\nds1 & all ! flam+ passions ar\s$ by ! s5sual ,c>m51 7 caught 9 ,bizet's lum9\s1 dramatic score4 ,! ,prelude to ,c>m5 repres5ts a k9d ( resum ( :at takes place 9 ! op]a1 & ) "s ( its musical mat]ial4 ,x op5s ) lively music = full or*e/ra describ+ ! fe/ive prep>ations 9 ,seville j be=e a bull fight4 ,aft] a sudd5 *ange ( key1 & sev]al *ords1 ! popul> second-act song ( ,escamillo1 ! bullfight]1 is fir/ giv5 quietly 9 /r+s1 !n repeat$ m l\dly4 ,!n !re is he>d an om9\s passage aga9/ quiv]+ /r+s :i*1 9 ! op]a1 sugge/s ! fatal fasc9ation ex]t$ by ,c>m5 on m54 ,?is is repeat$ 9 a high] regi/] & some:at amplifi$ until a dramatic *ord = full or*e/ra br+s ?is episode1 & ! ov]ture itself1 to a conclusion4 ,! ,prelude to ,act ,,ii is con/ruct$ f a motive ( an (f-/age unaccompani$ little song by ,don ,jos 9 ! same act prais+ ! dragoons ( ,alcala4 ,! ,prelude to ,act ,,iii is actually an entr'acte1 a g5tle little int]mezzo :i* ,bizet orig9ally wrote = ,l',arlsi5ne4 ,! ,prelude to ,act ,,iv is also an entr'acte1 ?is "t ( dramatic p]sonality4 ,! brilliant & =ceful music is bas$ ^u an actual ,&alusian folk song & dance2 x sets ! mood = ! gay fe/ivities 9 a public squ>e on ! day ( a gala bull-fight ) :i* ! f\r? act op5s4 ,x is sometimes a practice at conc]ts ( semi-classical or pop music to pres5t n m]ely "o ( ! f\r or*e/ral ,preludes b also at o!r times sali5t musical episodes f ! op]a1 arrang$ & assembl$ into fantasias or suites4 ,^! potp\rris or suites are g5]ally made up ( v>i$ comb9ations ( ! foll[+ exc]pts4 ,f ,act ,i3 ! 8,*ang+ ( ! ,gu>d02 ,c>m5's s$uctive & extremely popul> aria1 ! ,haban]a 78,l'am\r e/ un oiseau rebelle071 :i* 0 n by ,bizet b borr[$ by him f a song by ,seba/ian ,yradi] 7see ,yradi]72 ! duet ( ,micala & ,don ,jos1 8,qui sait de quel dmon02 & ,c>m5's ,sguidille1 8,prs des ramp>ts de ,sville40 ,f ,act ,,ii3 8,! ,m>* ( ! ,smuggl]s102 ,c>m5's 8,*anson bohme02 ! r\s+ ,toreador ,song ( ,escamillo2 & ,don ,jos's poignant 8,fl[] ,song0 to ,c>m51 8,la fleur que tu m'avais jete40 ,f ,act ,,iii3 ,c>m5's ,c>d ,song1 8,en va9 p\r vit]02 & ,micala's celebrat$ ,air1 8,je dis que ri5 ne m'p\vante04 ,f ,act ,,iv3 ! ,*orus1 ,m>*1 & ,f9ale4 ,utiliz+ _m ( ^! selections1 ,f]ruccio ,busoni & ,vladimir ,hor[itz ea* prep>$ /rik+ conc]t fantasias = solo piano2 ,pablo de ,s>asate1 = viol9 & piano2 & ,franz ,waxman = viol9 & or*e/ra = ! motion picture1 ,humoresque1 />r+ ,john ,g>field4 ,*ildr5's ,games 7,jeux d'enfants7 is a delightful suite ( twelve pieces = piano 7f\r h&s7 = & ab\t *ildr54 ,bizet wrote x 9 #ahga1 b %ortly aft]w>ds or*e/rat$ five ( ^! numb]s & assembl$ !m into a suite1 op4 #bb4 ,! fir/ movem5t is a m>* entitl$ 8,trumpet] & ,drumm]0 78,trompette et tamb\r07 music punctuat$ by trumpet calls & drum rolls1 accompany+ a troop ( soldi]s z x approa*es & !n disappe>s into ! di/ance4 ,?is is foll[$ by a t5d] b]ceuse = mut$ /r+s1 8,! ,doll0 78,la ,p\pe074 ,! ?ird movem5t is 8,! ,top0 78,la ,t\pie071 an impromptu 9 :i* ! viol9s simulate ! :irr ( a sp9n+ top :ile ! woodw9ds introduce a jolly dance tune4 ,! f\r? movem5t1 8,little ,husb&1 ,little ,wife0 78,petit m>i1 petite femme07 is a quiet little dialogue betwe5 husb& & wife1 ! =m] repres5t$ by fir/ viol9s1 & ! latt] by ! cellos4 ,! suite ends ) 8,! ,ball0 78,le ,bal071 a galop = full or*e/ra4 ,! ,danse bohmi5ne is a popul> or*e/ral episode t comes f a comp>atively unkn[n 7& e>ly7 ,bizet op]a1 ,la jolie fille de ,p]?1 introduc$ 9 ,p>is 9 #ahfg4 ,?is vital dance music appe>s 9 ! second act1 b x is also (t5 borr[$ by _m op]a companies = ! f\r? act ballet ( ,c>m54 ,! h>p leads into1 & !n accompanies1 a s(t1 s9u\s dance melody = ! flute4 ,! tempo rapidly quick5s1 & ! mood gr[s febrile2 ! /r+s take ov] ! dance melody 9 quick "t1 & o!r sections ( ! or*e/ra p>ticipate vigor\sly4 ,la ,patrie ,ov]ture1 op4 #ai 7#ahgc7 is music 9 a m>tial mann]4 ,a robu/1 /rongly rhy?m$ m>* tune is imm$iately pres5t$ by ! full or*e/ra4 ,aft] "s amplification x is repeat$ s(tly by ! or*e/ra4 ,! second ma9 !me is a /ately folk melody fir/ giv5 by ! viol9s1 cl>9ets & bassoons1 accompani$ by ! d\ble basses4 ,?is new subject receives res\nd+ treatm5t 9 full or*e/ra & is c>ri$ to a p[]ful climax4 ,aft] a mom5t>y pause1 a ?ird tune is he>d1 ?is "t 9 violas & cellos accompani$ by brasses & d\ble basses1 & a f\r?1 9 violas1 cl>9ets & ,engli% horn ) ! mut$ viol9s provid+ an arpeggio accompanim5t4 ,!n ! /irr+ op5+ m>* music is recall$ & dramatiz$4 ,! ov]ture ends 9 a blaze ( color aft] "s ( ! o!r !mes are br\ght back ) enri*$ h>monies & or*e/ration4 ,?is music 0 writt5 = a play ( ! same "n by ,s>d\4 ,luigi ,boc*]9i ,luigi ,boc*]9i 0 born 9 ,lucca1 ,italy1 on ,febru>y #ai1 #agdc4 ,aft] /udy+ music ) v>i\s private tea*]s 9 ,rome1 he ga9$ recognition z a celli/ bo? z a memb] ( !at] or*e/ras 9 ,lucca & lat] on t\r ?r\gh\t ,europe 9 jo9t conc]ts ) ,filippo ,manfr$i1 viol9i/4 ,he s]v$ z c\rt compos] 9 ,madrid f #aghe to #aghg1 & f #aghg until #agig = ,fri$ri* ,wilhelm ,,ii ( ,prussia4 ,8 la/ ye>s 7 sp5t 9 ,madrid 9 pov]ty & poor heal?1 & he di$ 9 t city on ,may #bh1 #ahje4 ,boc*]9i1 a contempor>y ( ,haydn1 0 a prolific compos] ( symphonies1 conc]tos1 & a consid]able am\nt ( *amb] music :i* 7 all-important 9 help+ to develop & cry/allize a classical /yle ( in/rum5tal writ+ & 9 e/abli%+ ! classic =ms ( in/rum5tal music4 ,despite ! abundance ( 8 creation 9 virtually e bran* ( in/rum5tal music1 & despite ! significance ( 8 f9e/ works1 ,boc*]9i is rememb]$ today by _m music lov]s ma9ly = a comp>atively m9or piece ( music3 ! s$ate ,m9uet :i* orig9at$ z ! ?ird movem5t ( ! ,/r+ ,qu9tet 9 ,e major1 op4 #ac1 no4 #e4 ,transcrib$ = or*e/ra1 & = v>i\s solo in/rum5ts & piano1 7ev5 = solo h>psi*ord7 ?is light & airy ,m9uet has become "o ( ! mo/ celebrat$ musical examples ( ?is classic dance =m4 ,sev]al ( ,boc*]9i's little kn[n melodies f v>i\s qu9tets & f 8 ,s9fonia ,no4 #b 9 ,b-flat 7 us$ by ! contempor>y ,fr5* compos]1 ,jean ,franaix1 = a ballet score1 f :i* comes an en*ant+ little or*e/ral suite4 ,! ballet 0 ,! ,s*ool ( ,danc+ 7,scuola di ,ballo71 ) book & *oreography by ,leonide ,mass9e2 x 0 introduc$ by ! ,ballet ,russe de ,monte ,c>lo 9 ,monte ,c>lo 9 #aicc4 ,! book 0 set 9 ! danc+ s*ool ( ,pr(essor ,rigadon4 ,! pr(essor tries to palm (f "o ( 8 backw>d pupils on an impres>io1 :ile )hold+ 8 />2 9 ! end all pupils leave him 9 disgu/4 ,! suite is 9 f\r p>ts4 ,! fir/ consi/s ( 8,leon0 & 8,m5uet02 ! second1 8,l>ghetto10 8,rondo10 & 8,dispute02 ! ?ird1 8,pre/o10 8,pa/orale10 & 8,danse allem&e02 ! la/1 8,scne du notaire0 & 8,f9ale40 ,an unid5tifi$ program annotator goes on to expla93 8,an occasional /]n note 9 ! #8,leon' & /rong *ords 9 ! #8,m5uet' sugge/ ! tea*]4 ,! viol9 & bassoon play a duet :i* v cle>ly pictures ! inept pupil4 ,fur!r atmosph]e is furni%$ by a guit>-l accompanim5t he>d on ! h>p f "t to "t4 ,"o is soon acqua9t$ ) ! *>act]s :o reappe> 9 ! v>i\s sections4 ,! #8,l>ghetto' closely resembles a movem5t 9 "o ( ,haydn's symphonies1 :i* sugge/s a tempt+ l9e ( speculation4 ,! or*e/ration ( ! #8,rondo' & ! syncopation ( ! #8,danse allem&e' are notewor?y40 ,franois ,boieldieu ,franois-,adri5 ,boieldieu1 g5ius ( opra-comique1 0 born 9 ,r\51 ,france1 on ,decemb] #af1 #agge4 ,aft] /udy+ music ) ,*>les ,bro*e1 ,boieldieu became a *ur* organi/ 9 ,r\5 9 8 fifte5? ye>4 ,two ye>s lat] 8 fir/ op]a1 ,la fille c\pable1 0 successfully giv5 9 ! same city4 ,9 #agif he came to ,p>is :]e f #agig on 8 op]as began appe>+ 9 v>i\s !at]s1 climax$ by 8 fir/ major success1 ,le ,calife de ,bagdad 9 #ahja4 ,9 #agih he 0 appo9t$ pr(essor ( ! piano at ! ,p>is ,cons]vatory4 ,f #ahjc until #ahaa he liv$ 9 ,russia writ+ op]as = ! ,imp]ial !at]s & sup]vis+ musical p]=mances at c\rt4 ,aft] return+ to ,p>is 9 #ahaa1 he reassum$ 8 significant position 9 ,fr5* music4 ,f #ahag to #ahbf he 0 pr(essor ( composition at ! ,p>is ,cons]vatory1 & 9 #ahba he 0 made ,*evali] ( ! ,legion ( ,honor4 ,all ! :ile he kept on writ+ op]as & enjoy+ consid]able popul>ity4 ,8 mo/ significant "w 0 ! opra-comique1 ,la ,dame blan*e1 a s5sation :5 introduc$ 9 ,p>is 9 #ahbe4 ,ill heal? compell$ him to ab&on 8 v>i\s pr(essional activities 9 #ahcb4 ,support$ by an annual gov]nm5t grant1 he )drew to ,j>cy :]e he sp5t ! la/ ye>s ( 8 life devot+ himself ma9ly to pa9t+4 ,he di$ !re on ,octob] #h1 #ahcd4 ,boieldieu1 ) ,adam & ,aub]1 0 "o ( ! f\nd]s ( ,fr5* comic op]a1 & 8 be/ works are /ill among ! f9e/ a*iev$ 9 ?is g5re4 ,! ,ov]ture to ,! ,caliph ( ,bagdad 7,le ,calife de ,bagdad7 is ,boieldieu's mo/ fam\s piece ( music4 ,! op]a 0 a triumph :5 introduc$ at ! ,opra-,comique 9 ,p>is on ,septemb] #af1 #ahja4 ,! libretto1 by ,sa9t-,j1 is set 9 ,bagdad :]e ,isaaum is a b5evol5t ,caliph1 b giv5 to mis*iev\s pranks & tricks1 includ+ p>ad+ ar\nd ! city 9 v>i\s disguises4 ,once1 z an army (fic]1 he meets & makes love to ,zeltube4 ,h] "m1 suspici\s ( him1 ord]s 8 arre/4 ,:5 ! ,caliph reveals himself1 he also discloses 8 int5tions 7 honorable & t he int5ds mak+ ,zeltube 8 bride4 ,! ov]ture op5s ) a mell[ song = /r+s4 ,:5 ! tempo *anges1 a sprightli] tune is he>d 9 /r+s & br\ght to a =ceful climactic po9t4 ,! music n[ assumes a dramatic "* aft] :i* a new subject1 aga9 9 a s5sitive lyrical ve91 is (f]$ by ! /r+s4 ,! ,ov]ture to ,la ,dame blan*e 7,! ,:ite ,lady7 is also popul>4 ,la ,dame blan*e is ! compos]'s greate/ "w 9 ! opra-comique =m4 ,x 0 receiv$ ) su* s5sational acclaim :5 introduc$ 9 ,p>is on ,decemb] #aj1 #ahbe t1 tempor>ily at any rate1 ! sp>kl+ comic op]as ( ,ross9i 7!n v mu* 9 vogue7 7 ?r[n into a %ade4 ,9 "t1 ,la ,dame blan*e receiv$ univ]sal acceptance z a classic 9 ! _w ( opra-comique4 ,betwe5 #ahbe & #ahfb x enjoy$ ov] a ?\s& p]=mances 9 ,p>is2 by ,_w ,w> ,i1 ! total pass$ beyond ! fifte5 hundr$ m>k4 ,! libretto1 by ,eugne ,scribe1 is bas$ on two novels by ,sir ,walt] ,scott1 ,! ,mona/]y & ,guy ,mann]+4 ,! sett+ is ,scotl&1 & ! 8:ite lady0 is a /atue believ$ to be ! protector ( a ca/le belong+ to ! ,laird ( ,av5el4 ,! ca/le is be+ adm9i/]$ by ,gave/on :o tries to use ! leg5d ( ! :ite lady = 8 own selfi% purposes1 to ga9 possession ( ! family treasures4 ,anna1 ,gave/on's w>d1 imp]sonates ! :ite lady to help save ! ca/le & its jewels = ! rightful own]4 ,! vivaci\s ov]ture is made up ( sev]al ( ! op]a's pr9cipal melodies4 ,! introduction beg9s ) a motive f ! fir/-act f9ale1 & is foll[$ by ! melodi\s & expressive 8,ballad ( ! ,:ite ,lady40 ,! ,allegro section t foll[s includes ! dr9k+ song & sev]al o!r popul> arias1 among ^! be+ ! ballad ( 8,rob9 ,adair0 :i* appe>s dur+ ! h]o's fir/-act rev]y & z a conc]t piece 9 ! ?ird act4 ,giovanni ,bolzoni ,giovanni ,bolzoni 0 born 9 ,p>ma1 ,italy1 on ,may #ad1 #ahda4 ,he att5d$ ! ,p>ma ,cons]vatory1 !n a*iev$ recognition z a conductor ( op]as 9 ,p]ugia & ,tur94 ,9 #ahhg he became director ( ! ,liceo ,musicale 9 ,tur94 ,bolzoni wrote five op]as1 a symphony1 ov]tures1 & *amb] music1 b all are n[ 9 disc>d4 ,he di$ 9 ,tur9 on ,febru>y #ba1 #aiai4 ,ab\t ! only piece ( music by ,bolzoni to survive is a beguil+ little ,m9uet :i* comes f an unid5tifi$ /r+ qu>tet & :i* has a*iev$ out/&+ popul>ity 9 v>i\s transcriptions1 includ+ _m = salon or*e/ras ) :i* x is a p]5nial favorite4 ,c>rie ,jacobs ,bond ,c>rie ,jacobs ,bond1 ^: art songs are among ! mo/ popul> by an ,am]ican1 0 born 9 ,janesville1 ,wiscons91 on ,augu/ #aa1 #ahfb4 ,com+ f a musical family1 %e 0 giv5 music in/ruction e>ly1 & made appe>ances z a *ild-prodigy piani/4 ,aft] m>ry+ ,dr4 ,frank ,l4 ,bond1 a physician1 %e w5t to live 9 ,*icago :]e h] husb& di$ sudd5ly1 leav+ h] de/itute4 ,= a :ile %e e>n$ a liv+ by r5t+ rooms1 tak+ 9 sew+1 & do+ o!r m5ial jobs4 ,!n %e began ?9k+ ( supplem5t+ ?is meag] income ) ! writ+ ( songs4 ,to issue ^! compositions1 %e =m$ a mode/ publi%+ firm 9 ,new ,york ) funds acquir$ f h] ,new ,york song recital2 = a long "t h] (fice 0 9 a hall b$room4 ,h] fir/ publication1 j be=e ! end ( ! c5tury1 0 ,sev5 ,songs1 :i* includ$ 8,i ,love ,y ,truly0 & 8,j a ,we>y9' ,= ,y10 ea* ( :i* %e subsequ5tly publi%$ z sep>ate pieces4 ,9 #aiji %e a*iev$ a =midable success ) ! fam\s ballad1 8,! ,end ( a ,p]fect ,day10 ( :i* m ?an five million copies ( %eet music 7 sold )9 a few ye>s4 ,h] lat] songs add$ fur!r bo? to h] f9ancial security & h] reputation4 ,%e 0 invit$ to give conc]ts at ! ,:ite ,h\se1 receiv$ aw>ds = a*ievem5t 9 music f v>i\s organizations1 & 0 s+l$ out 9 #aida by ! ,f$]ation ( ,music ,clubs z "o ( ! two out/&+ wom5 9 ! field ( music4 ,%e di$ 9 ,hollywood1 ,cali=nia1 on ,decemb] #bh1 #aidf4 ,c>rie ,jacobs ,bond knew h[ to write a song t 0 fill$ ) s5tim5t )\t becom+ cloy+1 t 0 simple )\t becom+ +5u\s1 & :i* /ruck a sympa!tic univ]sal *ord by virtue ( its mobile & expressive lyricism4 ,besides 8,i ,love ,y ,truly10 8,j a ,we>y9' = ,y0 & 8,! ,end ( a ,p]fect ,day10 h] mo/ fam\s songs includ$ 8,8 ,lullaby10 8,life's ,g>d510 8,i've ,done ,my ,"w10 & 8,roses ,are 9 ,bloom40 ,h] songs are s popul> t !y h be5 (t5 he>d 9 v>i\s transcriptions = salon or*e/ras & b&4 ,alex&] ,borod9 ,alex&] ,borod9 0 born 9 ,/4 ,pet]sburg1 ,russia1 on ,novemb] #aa1 #ahcc4 ,he 0 tra9$ 9 ! sci5ces1 hav+ att5d$ ! ,academy ( ,m$ic9e 9 ,/4 ,pet]sburg & 9 #aheh receiv+ 8 doctorate 9 *emi/ry4 ,he cont9u$ aft] t to devote himself to sci5tific activities1 bo? 9 & out ( ,russia4 ,he produc$ sev]al significant pap]s &1 f #ahei to #ahfb1 s]v$ on an important sci5tific mission4 ,he _h also receiv$ "s musical tra9+ 9 8 boyhood4 ,9 #ahfb he began to direct 8 en]gies ) equal vigor to music z well z to sci5ce4 ,he soon jo9$ f\r colleagues 7,mussorgsky1 ,balakirev1 ,cui1 & ,rimsky-,korsakov7 9 =m+ a national s*ool ( composition h5ce=? id5tifi$ z 8,! ,mighty ,five0 or 8,! ,russian ,five40 ,l ! o!r memb]s ( ?is gr\p1 ,borod9 conc]n$ himself ) ! creation ( a national ,russian musical art1 well gr\nd$ 9 ,russian folk song & dance1 ,russian culture & hi/ory4 ,9 ?is /yle he produc$ ?ree symphonies1 ! folk op]a ,pr9ce ,igor1 two /r+ qu>tets1 & v>i\s op]as & in/rum5tal compositions4 ,he diff]$ f ! o!r memb]s ( ! 8,russian ,five0 by 8 p>tiality to ,ori5tal melodies1 h>monies1 rhy?ms1 & in/rum5tal colors1 & by 8 pref]5ce = exotic subjects4 ,borod9 di$ 9 ,/4 ,pet]sburg on ,febru>y #bg1 #ahhg4 ,9 ! ,/eppes ( ,c5tral ,asia 7#ahhj7 is a popul> tone poem = or*e/ra1 "o ( sev]al tableaux vivants 78liv+ pictures07 commission$ f v>i\s compos]s to honor ! #be? anniv]s>y ( ! reign ( ,cz> ,alex&] ,,ii4 ,ea* tableau vivant 0 int5d$ to portray an incid5t f ! ,russian pa/1 or a picture ( a ,russian sc5e4 ,borod9 prep>$ 8 own programmatic note to expla9 8 music2 x appe>s 9 ! publi%$ score4 8,ov] ! uni=mly s&y /eppes ( ,c5tral ,asia come s\nds ( a peaceful ,russian song4 ,along ) !m are he>d ! melan*oly /ra9s ( ,ori5tal melodies1 !n ! /amp+ ( approa*+ horses & camels4 ,a c>avan1 accompani$ by ,russian soldi]s1 trav]ses ! measureless wa/e4 ,) full tru/ 9 its protective escort1 x cont9ues its long j\rney 9 a c>efree mood4 ,onw>d ! c>avan moves4 ,! songs ( ! ,russians & ^? ( ! ,asiatic natives m+le 9 common h>mony4 ,! refra9s curl ov] ! des]t & !n die away 9 ! di/ance40 ,! peaceful ,russian song is giv5 by ! cl>9et1 :ile ! 8melan*oly /ra9s ( ,ori5tal melodies0 is an expressive song = ,engli% horn4 ,^! two melodies are ! core ( a composition t is free 9 =m4 ,! ,nocturne 7,notturno7 is a haunt+1 poetic song = /r+s1 ! ?ird movem5t ( ! compos]'s ,/r+ ,qu>tet ,no4 #b 9 ,d major 7#ahhe74 ,x is (t5 he>d ap>t f ! re/ ( ! "w1 p>ticul>ly 9 v>i\s transcriptions = or*e/ra1 or = viol9 & piano4 ,9 #aiec1 furni%$ ) lyrics & adapt$ into a popul> song by ,rob]t ,wright & ,george 8,*et0 ,=re/1 x 0 he>d 9 ! ,broadway musical ,kismet z 8,?is ,is ,my ,belov$0 & became an out/&+ hit4 ,! ,polovtsian ,dances come f ,pr9ce ,igor1 a folk op]a ) libretto by ,vladimir ,/assov bas$ on an old ,russian *ronicle4 ,x 0 introduc$ at ! ,imp]ial ,op]a 9 ,/4 ,pet]sburg 9 #ahij4 ,! sett+ is #ab?-c5tury ,c5tral ,asia :]e a ,t>t> race1 kn[n z ! ,polovtzi1 capture ,pr9ce ,igor & 8 son1 ,vladimir4 ,?\gh captives1 ,pr9ce ,igor & 8 son are regal$ by ! lead] ( ! ,t>t>s ) a lavi% fea/ & ,ori5tal dances4 ,x is at ?is po9t 9 ! op]a 7,act #b7 t ! popul> ,polovtsian ,dances appe>4 ,!y are excit+ aural exp]i5ces because ( _! primitive rhy?ms1 exotic ,ori5tal melodies1 & flam+ in/rum5tal colors4 ,"o ( ! dances is a poignant melody = flute & oboe2 ano!r is a dance ( savage m5 9 :i* ! ma9 melody 9 cl>9et is set aga9/ a %>ply acc5t$ phrase ( f\r desc5d+ notes2 a ?ird is b>b>ic1 a syncopat$ melody = /r+s accompani$ by cra% ( cymbals2 a f\r? is a haunt+ ,ori5tal song divid$ by viol9s & cellos4 ,?is la/ melody 0 us$ by ,rob]t ,wright & ,george 8,*et0 ,=re/ = _! popul> song hit ( #aiec1 8,/rang] 9 ,p>adise10 9 _! ,broadway musical1 ,kismet4 ,! conclud+ dance is aga9 9 a savage mann]4 ,a passionate melody is begun by ! woodw9d & c>ri$ on by ! /r+s1 :ile receiv+ a vigor\s horn accompanim5t4 ,felix ,bor[ski ,felix ,bor[ski 0 born 9 ,burton1 ,engl&1 on ,m>* #aj1 #ahgb4 ,he receiv$ 8 musical tra9+ at ! ,cologne ,cons]vatory & ) private tea*]s 9 ,engl&4 ,9 #ahig he settl$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates :]e he lat] became a citiz54 ,f #ahig to #aiaf he 0 pr(essor ( h>mony & c\nt]po9t at ,*icago ,musical ,college1 & f #aiaf to #aibe its presid5t4 ,8 c>e] 9 music criticism began 9 #aije4 ,f #aijg to #aiag he 0 music critic ( ! ,*icago ,record-,h]ald & f #aidb until 8 dea?1 ( ! ,*icago ,sun4 ,he 0 also program annotator = ! conc]ts ( ! ,*icago ,symphony f #aijh on1 "s ( ^! annotations be+ publi%$ 9 ! books1 ,/&>d ,conc]t ,guide & ,encyclop$ia ( ! ,symphony4 ,bor[ski di$ 9 ,*icago1 ,ill9ois1 on ,septemb] #f1 #aief4 ,z a compos]1 ,bor[ski produc$ ?ree symphonies1 ?ree /r+ qu>tets1 sev]al ballet-pantomimes1 v>i\s tone poems & o!r in/rum5tal compositions4 ,8 major works are n[ r>ely giv51 b 8 small] salon pieces h reta9$ _! popul>ity ?r\gh ! ye>s4 ,! be/ ( ^! are ! ,adoration1 = viol9 & piano1 ! ,la ,coquette & ,valsette = piano1 all transcrib$ = or*e/ra4 ,all ?ree pieces are 9 simple song /ructure & una%am$ly ,romantic 9 _! lyricism & emotional cont5t4 ,! un9hibit$ s5tim5tality ( ,adoration has made t piece a p>ticul> favorite4 ,johannes ,brahms ,johannes ,brahms 0 born 9 ,hamburg1 ,g]many1 on ,may #g1 #ahcc4 ,he receiv$ in/ruction 9 music f 8 fa!r1 ,otto ,cossel1 & ,edu>d ,m>xs54 ,at f\rte5 he gave 8 fir/ public conc]t z piani/1 9 :i* he introduc$ "o ( 8 own compositions4 ,9 #ahec he t\r$ ) ! ,hung>ian viol9i/1 ,edu>d ,remnyi1 z 8 accompani/4 ,dur+ ?is p]iod he met & ar\s$ ! int]e/ ( su* notable musicians z ,joa*im1 ,liszt1 & ,s*umann4 ,! la/ ( ^! 0 "o ( ! fir/ to give ,brahms public recognition1 ?r\gh a gl[+ article 9 ! ,neue ,zeits*rift fu] ,musik4 ,aft] a consid]able am\nt ( travel 9 ,g]many & ,au/ria1 & aft] hold+ v>i\s musical positions1 ,brahms e/abli%$ himself p]man5tly 9 ,vi5na 9 #ahfc4 ,! promise he _h %[n 9 8 e>ly piano & *amb] music became fully realiz$ ) 8 fir/ piano conc]to 9 #aheg1 ! ,g]man ,requiem writt5 betwe5 #aheg & #ahfh1 & ! fir/ symphony complet$ 9 #ahgf4 ,9 8 lat] or*e/ral1 piano1 & *amb] music he assum$ a position ( fir/ importance 9 ! ,g]man ,romantic movem5t1 ! spokesman = absolute music1 ! g5ius :o succe$$ 9 comb9+ respect = classical discipl9e & tradition ) ! ,romantici/'s b5t = emotion1 poetry1 & flexible ?\ght4 ,brahms di$ 9 ,vi5na on ,april #c1 #ahig4 ,! supreme craftsman%ip1 mature ?\ght1 & pr(\nd feel+s ( ,brahms' music d n l5d !mselves to popul> consumption4 ,occasionally1 ?\gh n frequ5tly1 he *ose to give voice to a light] mood1 z he did 9 8 ev]-popul> ,hung>ian ,dances4 ,9 su* music1 z 9 8 m ambiti\s works1 he is always ! ma/] ( =m & /yle1 & a p[]ful & inv5tive creator4 ,! ,cradle ,song 7,wieg5li$7 is ,brahms' univ]sally lov$ art song1 "o ( ! mo/ fam\s lullabies ev] writt54 ,x is ! f\r? 9 a collection ( five songs1 op4 #di 7#ahfh74 ,its lyric is a folk poem 78,gut5 ,ab5d1 ,gute ,na*t074 ,9 its _m & v>i$ transcriptions1 ?is lullaby has become an in/rum5tal favorite4 ,! ,hung>ian ,dances 0 orig9ally publi%$ 9 #ahfi 9 two volumes = f\r-h& piano4 ,! fir/ book conta9$ dances ,nos4 #a ?r\gh #e1 :ile ! second book _h ,nos4 #f ?r\gh #aj4 ,brahms took special pa9s to po9t out t ^! melodies 7 n 8 own1 b 7 adaptations4 ,on ! title page !re appe>$ ! phrase 8arrang$ = ! piano40 ,brahms fur!r refus$ to place an opus numb] to 8 publication z ano!r indication t ?is 0 n orig9al music2 & 9 a lett] to 8 publi%]1 ,simrock1 he expla9$ he 0 (f]+ ?is music 8z g5u9e gypsy *ildr5 :i* ,i did n beget b m]ely br\ght up ) bread & milk40 ,despite ,brahms' op5 c&or ab\t ! orig9 ( ^! melodies1 a /orm ( prote/ 0 s\nd$ by _m newspap]s & musicians accus+ ,brahms ( plagi>ism4 ,=tunately1 ! g5]al public refus$ to be influ5c$ by ?is unju/ accusation4 ,! two volumes ( ,hung>ian ,dances 7 a =midable success1 ! greate/ enjoy$ by ,brahms up to t "t4 ,9 #ahhj1 ,brahms issu$ two m volumes ( ,hung>ian ,dances1 /ill = f\r-h& piano4 ,book #c _h dances ,nos4 #aa ?r\gh #af1 & ,book #d1 ,nos4 #ag ?r\gh #ba4 ,?is "t _m ( ! melodies 7 orig9al ) ,brahms1 ev5 if model$ aft] ! /yle & idiosyncrasies ( actual ,hung>ian folk dances & gypsy melodies4 ,! ,hung>ian ,dances are mo/ popul> 9 transcriptions = or*e/ra4 ,brahms himself transcrib$ ,dances ,nos4 #a1 #c1 & #aj2 ,&reas ,hell51 ,nos4 #b1 #d1 & #g2 ,dvok1 ,nos4 #g ?r\gh #ba2 & ,alb]t ,p>l[1 ! re/4 ,walt] ,goehr & ,leopold ,/ok[ski also made transcriptions ( sev]al ( ^! dances = or*e/ra4 ,9 addition1 ,brahms adapt$ ,book #a = piano solo1 & ,joa*im all ! dances = viol9 & piano4 ,! dances range f s5tim5tal to passionate moods4 ,!y ab\nd ) abrupt contra/s ( feel+ & dynamics2 !y are (t5 vital ) v]tig9\s rhy?ms & *ang+ met]s4 ,^! gypsy melodies1 bo? ! gay & ! sad1 w>m ! he>t l ,tokay w9e2 ! pulse ( ! rhy?m is simil>ly intoxicat+4 ,z ,walt] ,niemann wrote ( ^! dances3 8,!y are pure nature music1 full ( unfett]$1 vagrant1 rov+ _s1 & a *aotic f]m5t1 drawn /raight f ! deepe/ well spr+s ( music by *ildr5 ( ,nature4 ,x seems impossible to imprison !m 9 ! bonds ( measure1 "t1 & rhy?m1 to conv]t _! en*ant+ly refre%+ unciviliz$ "*1 _! wild fre$om1 _! audaci\s contempt = all ord] into a civiliz$ mod]ation & ord]40 ,yet ,brahms 0 able to discipl9e ?is music ) mod]n te*niques )\t robb+ x ei!r ( its p]sonality or popul> appeal4 8,he has ma9ta9$10 cont9ues ,niemann1 8& pres]v$ ! ess5tial1 individual g5u9e features ( gypsy music 9 8 musical idiom3 ! dances s\nd l orig9al ,hung>ian folk music 444 & = ?is reason !y delight & en*ant ev]ybody3 ! amateur by _! natural quality1 ! speciali/ by _! art40 ,! mo/ fam\s ( ^! dances is ! fif? 9 ,f-%>p m9or1 its passionate1 un9hibit$ dance melody releas$ at once by ! /r+s aga9/ a /rong rhy?m4 ,! foll[+ are "s o!r popul> dances4 ,no4 #a1 9 ,g m9or4 ,a sl[ & languor\s dance unfolds 9 /r+s1 & !n is contra/$ by a slight1 tripp+ !me 9 woodw9d2 a second languor\s dance melody foll[s 9 ! /r+s4 ,no4 #f 9 ,d-flat major4 ,a sl[ syncopat$ melody beg9s s5sually b soon ga9s 9 tempo & volume2 a second arre/+ dance tune is !n (f]$ by /r+s aga9/ /rong *ords 9 ! re/ ( ! or*e/ra4 ,no4 #g 9 ,a major4 ,?is dance op5s ) a vivaci\s melody 9 /r+s1 b ?r\gh mo/ ( ! piece a comp>atively re/ra9$ mood is ma9ta9$4 ,no4 #ab 9 ,d m9or4 ,! fir/ dance melody is pres5t$ 9 a halt+ rhy?m by ! woodw9d aga9/ decorative figures 9 ! /r+s4 ,?is is foll[$ by two o!r dance tunes1 ! fir/ 9 /r+s ) trimm+s 9 ! woodw9d1 & ! second 9 full or*e/ra4 ,no4 #ai 9 ,b m9or & ,no4 #ba 9 ,e m9or4 ,bo? are fleet & graceful bo? 9 melody & rhy?m4 ,! ,waltz 9 ,a-flat major1 a graceful dance :i* is giv5 )\t any introduction or coda1 orig9at$ z a piece = piano duet3 ! fifte5? ( a set ( sixte5 su* waltzes op4 #ci 7#ahfe74 ,all ( ,brahms' waltzes reveal _! ,vi5nese id5tity 9 _! *>m & lightness ( he>t4 ,"s are d]ivative f ! waltzes ( ,johann ,/rauss ,,ii1 b ! "o 9 ,a-major is m 9 ! "* ( a ,s*ub]t ,la5dl] ?an a ,/rauss waltz1 ?\gh x does boa/ m delicacy & ref9em5t ?an we usually f9d 9 peasant dances4 ,david ,ho*/e9's transcription = viol9 & piano is 9 ! conc]t viol9 rep]tory4 ,*>les ,wakefield ,cadman ,*>les ,wakefield ,cadman 0 born 9 ,john/[n1 ,p5nsylvania1 on ,decemb] #bd1 #ahha4 ,z a boy he play$ ! organ 9 a *ur* ne> ,pittsburgh1 & wrote a m>* t 0 publi%$4 ,8 ma9 music /udy took place ) private tea*]s3 ,leo ,oehml]1 ,luigi von ,kunits1 & ,emil ,paur4 ,f #aijh to #aiaj he 0 ! music critic ( ! ,pittsburgh ,dispat*4 ,mean:ile1 a meet+ 9 #aijb ) ! lyric writ] ,nellie ,ri*mond ,eb]h>t1 turn$ him to ! writ+ ( songs 9 :i* he a*iev$ 8 initial out/&+ successes z compos]4 ,"s ( ^! 7 inspir$ by ! ,am]ican ,indian4 ,lat] rese>*es 9 ! field ( ,am]ican-,indian c]emonials & music l$ him to write 8 op]a ,%anewis1 produc$ by ! ,metropolitan ,op]a 9 #aiah1 z well z sev]al significant in/rum5tal works includ+ ! ,?und]bird ,suite & ,to a ,vani%+ ,race4 ,f #aiag until 8 dea? he liv$ 9 ,cali=nia :]e he wrote sev]al major or*e/ral & *amb]-music works1 b none 9 ! ,am]ican-,indian idiom ) :i* he became fam\s4 ,he di$ 9 ,los ,angeles on ,decemb] #cj1 #aidf4 ,! ,am]ican ,suite1 = /r+s 7#aich71 is an engag+ piece ( music 9 :i* ,cadman makes use ( sev]al diff]5t ,am]ican folk idioms4 ,9 ! fir/ movem5t he borr[s 8 melodies f ! tribal music ( ,omaha ,indians4 ,9 ! second movem5t we he> ,negro folk tunes indig5\s to ,s\? ,c>ol9a4 ,& 9 ! ?ird movem5t1 two old fiddle tunes are effectively employ$1 8,sug> 9 ! ,g\rd10 & 8,hoop-de-d5-d40 8,at ,dawn+0 is "o ( ,cadman's two mo/ fam\s songs4 ,x sold millions ( copies ( %eet music & records1 & has be5 translat$ into _m languages4 ,?\gh orig9ally publi%$ 9 #aijf1 x repos$ =gott5 & unkn[n on ! %elves ( ! publi%] 7,oliv] ,ditson7 until ,john ,mc,cormack sang x at "o ( 8 recitals 9 #aiji & 0 giv5 an ovation4 8,at ,dawn+0 0 transcrib$ = viol9 & piano by ,fritz ,kreisl]4 ,d>k ,danc]s ( ,m>di ,gras1 = or*e/ra ) piano1 7#aicc71 is "o ( ,cadman's mo/ popul> symphonic compositions4 ,! compos] expla9s3 8,! "w takes its "n f ! ,negro side ( ! ,m>di ,gras1 ?\gh no ,negro !mes are us$4 ,! ,negroes ( ,new ,orleans h a ,m>di ,gras ( _! own4 ,! fantasy is suppos$ to reflect ! fanta/ic1 ! grotesque1 ! biz>re _s ( ! c>nival4 ,! orig9al !me goes into a major key 9 ! c5tral section1 & might repres5t ! romantic feel+ ( ! ,k+ & ,que51 & ! ,c\rt 9 c>nival fa%ion40 8,f ! ,l& ( ! ,sky-,blue ,wat]0 is ! second ( ,cadman's two out/&+ly successful songs4 ,x is "o ( f\r songs ) lyrics by ,nellie ,ri*mond ,eb]h>t appe>+ 9 ,am]ican-,indian ,songs1 op4 #de1 a cycle :i* 0 publi%$ 9 ,bo/on 9 #aiji & 9 ! same ye> receiv$ a prize 9 a conte/ sponsor$ by ! ,c>negie ,in/itute4 ,?is song 0 fir/ swept to national fame by ! prima donna1 ,lillian ,nordica1 9 h] song recitals4 ,x soon ent]$ ! rep]tory ( virtually e lead+ conc]t s+] 9 ,am]ica4 ,fritz ,kreisl] transcrib$ x = viol9 & piano4 ,luci5 ,caillet ,luci5 ,caillet 0 born 9 ,dijon1 ,france on ,may #bb1 #ahia4 ,aft] att5d+ ! ,dijon ,cons]vatory he came to ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 #aiah & settl$ fir/ 9 ,p5nsylvania1 & lat] 9 ,cali=nia4 ,he has di/+ui%$ himself by 8 skilful symphonic transcriptions ( compositions by ,johann ,seba/ian ,ba*1 ,mussorgsky1 & o!rs4 ,9 8 own works he frequ5tly makes skilful use1 & a/ute adaptations1 ( "s fam\s pieces ( popul> music4 ,! ,fantasia & ,fugue on ,oh1 ,susanna6 7#aidb7 = or*e/ra has = its po9t ( dep>ture ! fam\s song ( ,/eph5 ,fo/]1 8,oh1 ,susanna60 ,caillet's composition beg9s ) a preface3 a tutti = or*e/ra :i* quotes ! melody only p>tly4 ,?is leads into a fantasia section featur+ ! solo /r+ qu>tet & pres5t+ a quiet v]sion ( ! melody4 ,a fugue foll[s1 ! g]m ( ! 8,susanna0 melody f\nd 9 fir/ & second viol9s 9 unison4 ,9 ,pop ,goes ! ,weasel = or*e/ra 7#aich7 ,caillet br+s ! full res\rces ( 8 h>monic & in/rum5tal skill to a fam\s ,am]ican folk tune4 8,pop ,goes ! ,weasel0 is a ,we/]n two-"p melody1 long a favorite ( c\ntry fiddl]s s9ce be=e ! ,civil ,w>4 ,aft] pres5t+ ?is melody1 ,caillet subjects x to intrigu+ v>iations1 sometimes ) comic effect4 ,alfr$o ,catalani ,alfr$o ,catalani 0 born 9 ,lucca1 ,italy1 on ,june #ai1 #ahed4 ,aft] receiv+ prelim9>y in/ruction 9 music f 8 fa!r he 0 all[$ to ent] ! ,p>is ,cons]vatory )\t exam9ations4 ,he conclud$ 8 music /udy at ! ,milan ,cons]vatory1 :]e 9 #ahhf he succe$$ ,pon*ielli z pr(essor ( composition4 ,9 #ahhj he _h 8 fir/ op]a1 ,elda1 produc$ 9 ,tur94 ,he cont9u$ to conf9e himself to ! /age1 8 mo/ successful op]as be+ ,loreley 9 #ahij1 & ,la ,wally 9 #ahib4 ,9 8 own "t1 & %ortly !reaft]1 8 op]as 7 out/&+ly successful 9 ,italy4 ,today !y are rememb]$ almo/ exclusively because ( "s or*e/ral exc]pts4 ,catalani di$ 9 ,milan on ,augu/ #g1 #ahic4 ,! mo/ popul> episodes f ,catal9i's two mo/ fam\s op]as are dances (t5 p]=m$ by salon or*e/ras4 8,! ,dance ( ! ,waves0 7,danza delle ond9e7 & 8,! ,waltz ( ! ,fl[]s0 7,valz] dei fiori7 appe> 9 ,loreley1 an op]a introduc$ 9 ,tur9 9 #ahij4 ,9 ?is op]a ! action takes place on ! banks ( ! ,rh9e4 ,walt]1 ab\t to m>ry ,anna1 is lov$ by ! orphan girl1 ,loreley4 ,:5 ,loreley le>ns %e is ab\t to lose h] belov$1 %e calls ^u ! nymphs & ! sprites ( ! ,rh9e to help h]2 ?r[+ h]self into ! riv]1 %e becomes "o ( !m4 ,dur+ ! w$d+ c]emonies1 ,loreley appe>s & entices ,walt] away f 8 bride4 ,anna dies ( grief2 & ,walt] meets 8 doom 9 ! ,rh9e1 to :i* he is helplessly drawn ?r\gh enticem5ts by ! sprites & by ,loreley4 8,! ,dance ( ! ,waves0 takes place 9 ! la/ act4 ,aft] ,anna's fun]al procession passes by1 ,walt] comes to ! edge ( ! ,rh9e1 grief-/rick54 ,out ( ! wat]s come ! sprites to dance s$uctively be=e ,walt] & to beckon him on into ! riv]4 8,! ,waltz ( ! ,fl[]s0 is a graceful1 ev5 g5tle1 dance p]=m$ 9 ! second act1 dur+ ! w$d+ c]emonies ( ,walt] & ,anna4 8,! ,waltz ( ! ,kiss0 7,valz] del bacio7 is a segm5t f ,la ,wally1 ,catalani's mo/ fam\s op]a1 :i* 0 su* a p>ticul> favorite ( ,arturo ,toscan9i t n only did he conduct x frequ5tly 9 ,italy b he also nam$ 8 son aft] its h]o9e4 ,la ,wally 0 introduc$ at ,la ,scala 9 ,milan 9 #ahib4 ,! text1 by ,luigi ,illica1 0 bas$ on a novel by ,wilhelm9e von ,hill]n4 ,! sett+ is #ai? c5tury ,switz]l& :]e ,wally & ,hag5ba* are 9 love1 & meet _! dea? 9 an avalan*e2 all ! :ile ,wally is be+ s\ght aft] by ,gelln]1 :om %e dete/s4 ,! 8,waltz ( ! ,kiss0 is a c>ess+ piece ( music f ! second act :i* accompanies a dance by ,wally & ,hag5ba*1 9 :i* !y fir/ discov] !y are 9 love & yield to passionate kiss+ :ile ! hateful ,gelln] wat*es4 ,otto ,cesana ,otto ,cesana 0 born 9 ,brescia1 ,italy1 on ,july #g1 #ahii4 ,he came to ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 boyhood & /udi$ music ) private tea*]s4 ,aft] work+ 9 ,hollywood1 :]e he wrote a consid]able am\nt ( music = motion pictures1 he came to ,new ,york to become arrang] = ,radio ,city ,music ,hall1 & = sev]al important radio programs4 ,9 8 own music he has be5 p>ticul>ly successful 9 us+ )9 l>ge =ms popul> ,am]ican elem5ts1 at times folk idioms4 ,9 a m s]i\s attitude he has produc$ half a doz5 symphonies & v>i\s conc]tos = solo in/rum5ts & or*e/ra4 ,negro ,heav5 = or*e/ra is "o ( 8 m popul> attempts to use an ,am]ican folk idiom )9 a symphonic mold4 ,he expla9s3 8,"h foll[s a musical int]pretation ( ! fluctuat+ moods t seize ! color$ man--n[ gay1 n[ sad1 always1 h[ev] migrat+ t[>ds c>efre5ess & ab&on1 z exemplifi$ 9 ! return ( ! fir/ subject1 :i* is soon foll[$ by "o ( ^? sup]lative moods1 a ,negro 9 ! ?roes ( no/algia40 ,sw+ ,septet 7#aidb71 = /r+ or*e/ra1 guit> & p]cussion is 9 ?ree %ort movem5ts1 ! fir/ 9 sonata =m1 & ! la/ two 9 ?ree-"p song =m4 8,! *ief purpose10 says ! compos]1 8is to give ! /r+ play]s an opportunity to compete ) ! ad lib boys :o1 :ile !y improvise ! wilde/ phrases imag9able1 are #8floor$' :5ev] an approximation ( t mat]ial is set d[n on pap]40 ,emmanuel ,*abri] ,emmanuel ,*abri] 0 born 9 ,amb]t1 ,france1 on ,janu>y #ah1 #ahda4 ,he 0 tra9$ z a lawy]2 f #ahfb to #ahhj he 0 employ$ at ! ,m9i/ry ( ! ,int]ior 9 ,p>is4 ,b he _h also receiv$ a s\nd musical tra9+ ) private tea*]s4 ,composition began = him 9 e>ne/ 9 ! #ahgj's1 ) two ( 8 op]ettas receiv+ p]=mances 9 ,p>is betwe5 #ahgg & #ahgi4 ,9 #ahgi he made a pilgrimage to ,g]many to he> ,wagn]'s music dramas ^: impact ^u him prov$ s ov]:elm+ t he f9ally decid$ to give up 8 gov]nm5t "w & conc5trate on music4 ,return+ to ,p>is 9 #ahhj he publi%$ ! ,pices pittoresques = piano4 ,foll[+ a visit to ,spa9 he produc$ 9 #ahhc 8 fir/ major "w = or*e/ra & realiz$ ) x 8 fir/ major success z a compos]--! rhapsody ,espaa4 ,he also wrote two op]as1 ,gw5dol9e produc$ 9 #ahhf1 & ,le ,roi malgr lui introduc$ "o ye> lat]4 ,"s ( 8 be/ writ+ 0 = ! piano & includ$ su* di/+ui%$ works z ! ,haban]a1 ,b\rre fantasque1 & ,trois valses romantiques4 ,*abri] became a victim ( p>alysis 9 ! la/ two ye>s ( 8 life1 & j be=e 8 dea? he began los+ 8 sanity4 ,he di$ 9 ,p>is on ,septemb] #ac1 #ahid4 ,:ile 9 8 op]as he reveal$ 8 pr(\nd indebt$ness to ! ,wagn]ian idiom1 ,*abri] 0 at 8 be/ ei!r 9 music t int]pret$ ,spa9 or to :i* he br\ght a natural b5t = laught]1 gaiety1 & ! grotesque4 ,espaa1 an or*e/ral rhapsody1 is 8 mo/ fam\s composition1 z popul> 9 ! semi-classical lit]ature z x is 9 ! symphonic rep]tory4 ,*abri] wrote x 9 #ahhc aft] a ,spani% holiday1 & its premire 9 ,p>is on ,novemb] #d ( t ye> 0 a s5sation4 ,?is rhapsody is built f ?ree pr9cipal subjects1 two borr[$ f ,spani% folk melodies1 & "o ,*abri]'s own4 ,a n]v\s rhy?m 9 pluck$ /r+s leads to a /rongly acc5t$ malaguea1 fir/ he>d 9 ! w9d in/rum5t4 ,diff]5t sections take x ov] be=e so>+ /r+s arrive ) a lyrical jota melody4 ,*abri]'s own !me1 a /ately subject = trombones1 is !n he>d1 set aga9/ ! backgr\nd ( ! malaguea melody4 ,! ,fr5* waltz-k+1 ,waldteufel1 us$ ,*abri]'s !mes f ,espaa = "o ( 8 mo/ fam\s waltzes1 also entitl$ ,espaa4 ,! ,joyeuse m>*e 7#ahhh7 reveals ! compos] 9 "o ( 8 satirical moods4 ,*abri] wrote x at fir/ z a piano composition to be us$ = a sight-read+ class at ! ,bordeaux ,cons]vatory4 ,x prov$ too difficult to fulfil ?is function1 & ,*abri] decid$ to or*e/rate x1 call+ x ,joyeuse m>*e & pres5t+ x z "o ( 8 m s]i\s endeavors4 ,! music is 9 a burlesque /yle1 believ$ to be a musical description ( drunk5 musicians /agg]+ home aft] a fe/ive ev5+4 ,! "w op5s ) an or*e/ral fl\ri%1 foll[+ :i* ! oboe (f]s a caprici\s subject4 ,?is gaiety is ma9ta9$ 9 ! lively second !me = ! viol9s4 ,! ,suite pa/orale 7#ahhj7 is an or*e/ral adaptation ( f\r ( ! t5 piano pieces 9 ,pices pittoresques4 ,9 ! fir/1 8,idylle10 a beautiful melody is accompani$ by pluck$ /r+s4 ,! second1 8,danse villageoise0 is a c\ntry dance 9 :i* ! lively dance tune is fir/ he>d 9 cl>9ets4 ,! ?ird piece1 8,s\s bois0 has a pa/oral "*1 :ile ! conclud+ numb]1 8,s*]zo-,valse0 is a protract$ piece ( pulsat+ music4 ,george ,*adwick ,george ,:itefield ,*adwick 0 born 9 ,l[ell1 ,massa*usetts1 on ,novemb] #ac1 #ahed4 ,mo/ ( 8 music /udy took place 9 ,g]many4 ,:5 he 0 be+ graduat$ f ! ,leipzig ,cons]vatory 9 #ahgi1 8 ov]ture ,rip ,van ,w9kle receiv$ its premire p]=mance4 ,he !n /udi$ organ & composition ) ,rhe9b]g] 9 ,muni*4 ,aft] return+ to ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 #ahhj1 he became a tea*] ( h>mony & composition at ! ,new ,engl& ,cons]vatory1 ris+ to ! po/ ( director 9 #ahig4 ,he 0 also active = sev]al ye>s z director ( ! ,worce/] ,music ,fe/ival4 ,he di$ 9 ,bo/on on ,april #d1 #aica4 ,*adwick 0 a prolific compos] ( symphonies1 conc]tos1 & v>i\s o!r or*e/ral & *oral works4 ,he nev] fre$ himself f ! influ5ce ( ,g]man ,romanticism1 ) :i* he _h be5 infect$ dur+ 8 /ud5t days4 ,he wrote ) a sure craftsman%ip1 usually fill+ 8 classical /ructures ) w9n+ melodies & (t5 lu% h>monies & or*e/ration4 ,two compositions = or*e/ra are ( p>ticul> popul> appeal3 ,jubilee & ,nol4 ,bo? are movem5ts f ! ,symphonic ,sket*es 7#ahie7 :i* receiv$ its _w premire 9 ,bo/on 9 #aijh4 7,! o!r two movem5ts1 ! ?ird & f\r?1 are 8,hobgobl90 & 8,a ,vagrom ,ballad407 ,jubilee is a vigor\s tonal picture ( a c>nival4 ,a spirit$ melody is l\dly pres5t$ by ! full or*e/ra & is elaborat$ ^u4 ,a second virile subject is !n pres5t$ by bass cl>9et1 bassoons1 violas & cellos4 ,foll[+ a lively return ( ! op5+ c>nival !me1 ! woodw9d & horns appe> ) a lyrical subject4 ,! music !n ga9s 9 vitality until x comes to a r\s+ conclusion ) a coda built f ! c>nival motive4 ,nol has be5 describ$ z 8a little ,*ri/mas song40 ,x is a haunt+ or*e/ral nocturne 9 :i* a s]5e ,yuletide melody is (f]$ by ! ,engli% horn4 ,ccile ,*am9ade ,ccile ,*am9ade 0 born 9 ,p>is on ,augu/ #h1 #aheg4 ,music /udy took place 9 ,p>is ) ,m>sick & ,god>d among o!rs4 ,9 #ahge %e laun*$ h] c>e] z conc]t piani/ by t\r+ ,europe 9 programs t (t5 includ$ h] own compositions4 ,at h] ,am]ican debut1 on ,novemb] #g1 #aijh1 %e appe>$ z soloi/ ) ! ,philadelphia ,or*e/ra 9 a p]=mance ( h] own ,conc]/ueck4 ,%e wrote _m o!r ambiti\s works includ+ a symphony1 two or*e/ral suites1 & ballets4 ,%e di$ 9 ,monte ,c>lo on ,april #ah1 #aidd4 ,?\gh ,*am9ade /ak$ h] future z compos] on h] l>g]1 s]i\s works = or*e/ra & ! ballet /age1 %e is today rememb]$ almo/ exclusively = h] slight morsels ( ! salon v>iety4 ,mo/ ( ^! orig9at$ z compositions = ! piano2 h] piano music numb]s ab\t two hundr$ works includ+ arabesques1 etudes1 impromptus1 valse-caprices1 & s =?4 ,automne1 a s5tim5tal melody1 & ,srnade espagnole1 9 a pseudo-,spani% /yle1 come f h] piano music3 ,automne f ! ,conc]t ,etudes1 op4 #ce4 ,x has be5 transcrib$ = popul> or*e/ra by ,mela*r9o4 ,srnade espagnole has be5 adapt$ = viol9 & piano by ,fritz ,kreisl]4 ,*am9ade's mo/ popul> piece1 ,sc>f ,dance1 comes f a ballet1 ,callirho1 produc$ 9 ,m>seilles 9 #ahhh4 ,x is (t5 he>d 9 its orig9al or*e/ral v]sion & 9 v>i\s transcriptions = solo piano1 & solo in/rum5t & piano4 ,gu/ave ,*>p5ti] ,gu/ave ,*>p5ti] 0 born 9 ,dieuze1 ,france1 on ,june #be1 #ahfj4 ,he receiv$ 8 musical tra9+ 9 ! ,cons]vatories 9 ,lille & ,p>is1 w9n+ ! ,prix de ,rome 9 #ahha4 ,dur+ 8 /ay 9 ,rome he wrote ,impressions ( ,italy = or*e/ra1 ) :i* he realiz$ 8 fir/ success ^u its premire p]=mance 9 ,p>is 9 #ahib4 ,*>p5ti]'s fame1 h[ev]1 re/s securely on a s+le op]a1 ,l\ise1 a triumph :5 introduc$ 9 ,p>is on ,febru>y #b1 #aijj1 & s9ce become recogniz$ z "o ( ! major a*ievem5ts ( ! ,fr5* lyric !at]4 ,a sequel1 ,juli5 7#aiac71 0 a failure4 ,f #aiac on1 ,*>p5ti] wrote almo/ no?+ m1 liv+ a ,bohemian exi/5ce 9 ! ,montm>tre section ( ,p>is :]e he di$ on ,febru>y #ah1 #aief4 ,impressions ( ,italy1 a suite = or*e/ra 7#ahij7 is a no/algic picture ( five ,italian sc5es4 ,! fir/ movem5t is 8,s]5ade10 9 :i* is describ$ a picture ( "y m5 em]g+ f a bi/ro at midnight1 s++ love songs "u ! w9d[s ( _! girl fri5ds4 8,at ! ,f\nta90 depicts girls p>ad+ ) dignifi$ /eps ne> a wat]fall by a rav9e2 f ! di/ance come ! s\nds ( a %eph]d's tune4 8,on ,muleback0 tells ( ev5+ z x desc5ds on ! ,sab9e ,m\nta9s4 ,! mules trot along1 & !re rises ! song ( ! mulete] foll[$ by ! sweet love song ( girls rid+ 9 _! c>ts to ! village4 8,on ! ,heights0 pres5ts noontime on ! heights ov]look+ ,sorr5to4 ,all is peace1 ?\gh ! toll ( bells c be he>d f a di/ance4 ,! f9ale is a musical tribute to a great city1 8,naples40 ,9 ?is music we see ! cr[ds ( ! city1 ! p>ad+ b&s4 ,a t>antella is be+ danc$ 9 ! /reets4 ,! /ra9s ( a s5tim5tal folk song drift 9 f ! quay4 ,ev5+ falls1 & fireworks electrify ! sky4 ,frdric ,*op9 ,franois ,frdric ,*op91 g5ius ( music = ! piano1 0 born 9 ,zelaz[a ,wola1 ,pol&1 on ,febru>y #bb1 #ahaj4 ,he began to /udy ! piano at six4 ,"o ye> lat] he made 8 fir/ public appe>ance & wrote 8 fir/ piece ( music4 ,8 lat] music /udy took place privately ) ,joseph ,elsn] & at ! ,w>saw ,cons]vatory f :i* he 0 graduat$ ) honors 9 #ahbi4 ,9 t ye> he visit$ ,vi5na :]e he gave two successful conc]ts ( 8 works4 ,he left ,pol& = good 9 #ahcj1 settl+ p]man5tly 9 ,p>is a ye> aft] t4 ,he soon became "o ( ! mo/ highly reg>d$ musicians 9 ,france1 ev5 ?\gh he gave only a few public conc]ts4 ,9 #ahcg he fir/ met ! writ]1 ,george ,s&1 ) :om he 0 involv$ emotionally = ab\t a decade1 & "u ^: influ5ce he compos$ "s ( 8 greate/ music4 ,always s5sitive 9 physique & ( poor heal?1 ,*op9 suff]$ physically mo/ ( 8 adult life4 ,he di$ 9 ,p>is on ,octob] #ag1 #ahdi & 0 buri$ 9 ,pre ,la*aise4 ,*op9 produc$ #afi compositions 9 all4 ,practically all ( !m are = ! piano1 & mo/ )9 ! small] =ms4 ,9 writ+ = ! piano he 0 an innovator :o help$ *ange ! de/9y ( piano /yle & te*nique4 ,he is (t5 describ$ z ! poet ( ! keybo>d1 by virtue ( 8 s5sitive & deeply affect+ lyricism 7usually beautifully ornam5t$71 8 always exquisite workman%ip1 & 8 pr(\nd emotion4 ,_m ( 8 works are nationally ,poli% 9 expression4 ,! ,etude 9 ,e major1 op4 #aj1 no4 #c 7#ahcc7 is "o ( two ( ,*op9's mo/ fam\s works 9 ! etude =m4 ,:ile an etude is ess5tially a te*nical ex]cise1 ,*op9 produc$ tw5ty-sev5 pieces = piano :i*1 ?\gh !y /ill probe v>i\s te*nical problems1 are nev]!less s fill$ ) poetic ?\ght & musical imag9ation t !y belong 9 ! realm ( great art & mu/ be numb]$ ) 8 mo/ significant compositions4 ,t 9 ,e major is "o ( 8 mo/ beautiful melodies1 a s\lful song r ?an a te*nical ex]cise2 ,*op9 himself reg>d$ ?is z "o ( 8 mo/ inspir$ pages4 ,"o ( ! _m transcriptions ( ?is composition exi/+ is = ! voice4 ,! s-call$ ,revolution>y ,etude--,c m9or1 op4 #aj1 no4 #ab 7#ahcc7--0 inspir$ by ! tid+s receiv$ by ,*op9 :ile he 0 travel+ f ,vi5na to ,p>is t ,w>saw _h fall5 to ! ,russians4 ,8 fir/ impulse 0 to ru% back home & jo9 9 ! battle4 ,he 0 dissuad$ f do+ ?is by 8 family1 & in/ead he sublimat$ 8 int5se patriotic feel+s by writ+ a fi]y piece ( national music1 full ( ! _s ( defiance4 ,s9ce !n ?is etude has become z inextricably associat$ ) ,pol& & its national aspirations & ideals z1 = example1 is ,sibelius' ,f9l&ia ) ,f9l&4 ,?is etude 0 repeat$ly play$ ov] ! ,poli% radio :5 ,nazi ,g]many fir/ attack$ ,pol& 9 #aici1 a cont9ual inspiration to ! def5d]s ( ,w>saw2 x 0 ! la/ piece ( music play$ ov] ! ,poli% radio be=e ! ,g]mans took ov]4 ,9 ! ,fantaisie-,impromptu 9 ,c-%>p m9or1 op4 #ff 7#ahcd71 ,*op9 makes a /ructural compromise betwe5 ! =ms ( ! fantasy & ! impromptu4 ,9 do+ s1 he produc$ "o ( 8 be/ kn[n melodies1 a melody t appe>s aft] a fa/ bravura op5+4 ,?is is a fl[+ s5tim5tal song t 0 us$ = ! popul> ,am]ican tune1 8,i'm ,always ,*as+ ,ra9b[s40 ,! ,fun]al ,m>* is surely ! mo/ celebrat$ fun]al music ev] writt54 ,x is f\nd z ! ?ird movem5t ( ! ,sonata ,no4 #b 9 ,b-flat m9or1 = piano1 op4 #ce 7#ahci74 ,9 v>i\s arrangem5ts1 especially = or*e/ra1 = b& & = organ1 ?is music has accompani$ ! dead to _! f9al re/+ place 9 e "p ( ! civiliz$ _w4 ,9 ?ree-"p =m1 ! fir/ section consi/s ( a sl[1 m\rnful m>*4 ,9 ! middle trio a m reflective mood is project$1 almo/ l a k9d ( g5tle recollection ( ! dead & ! good he _h p]=m$4 ,! op5+ m\rnful tread returns aft] ?is trio to br+ ! composition to its conclusion4 ,! fifty-five ,mazurkas are among ! mo/ national ( ,*op9's compositions1 ^? 9 :i* he mo/ f]v5tly express$ 8 /rong feel+s ab\t 8 native l&4 ,! ,mazurka is a ,poli% dance 9 "t1 some:at sl[] 9 tempo ?an ! waltz1 & highly v>i$ 9 rhy?m & emotion4 ,9 ,*op9's ,mazurkas we f9d1 on ! "o h&1 brief mood pictures1 & on ! o!r1 a fi]y romantic temp]am5t :i* expresses itself 9 rapid & at times abrupt alt]nations ( feel+ f ! gay to ! melan*oly1 f ! en]getic to ! p5sive4 ,"o ( ! mo/ beautiful ( ! ,mazurkas is t 9 ,a m9or1 op4 #ag1 no4 #d 7#ahcc71 ( :i* ,/ok[ski made an excell5t or*e/ral arrangem5t4 ,"o ( ! mo/ dramatic is t 9 ,b-flat m9or1 op4 #bd1 no4 #d 7#ahce7 or*e/rat$ by ,/ok[ski1 ,aub]1 among o!rs4 ,two o!r ,*op9 ,mazurkas t h be5 or*e/rat$ are f\nd 9 ,les ,sylphides 7see bel[73 t 9 ,d major1 op4 #cc1 no4 #b 7#ahch7 & ,c major1 op4 #fg1 no4 #c 7#ahce74 ,*op9 wrote n9ete5 ,nocturnes1 ea* "o a sl[1 poetic & atmosph]ic piece ( 8night music40 8,*op9 lov$ ! night10 wrote ,james ,gibbons ,hunek]1 8& its s(t my/]ies1 & 8 nocturnes are true night pieces1 "s ) agitat$1 remorseful c\nt5ance1 o!rs se5 9 pr(ile only1 :ile _m o!rs are :isp]+s at ! dusk40 ,! mo/ celebrat$ ( ,*op9's ,nocturnes is t 9 ,e-flat major1 op4 #i1 no4 #b 7#ahcc71 truly a 8:isp]+ at ! dusk40 ,?is is a beautiful1 romantic song t beg9s )\t prelim9>ies4 ,z ?is spaci\s melody unfolds1 x acquires ev5 new facets ( beauty ?r\gh ! mo/ exquisite embelli%m5ts4 ,among ! _m transcriptions t h become popul>1 besides ^? = or*e/ra1 is "o = viol9 & piano by ,pablo de ,s>asate1 & ano!r = cello & piano by ,david ,popp]4 ,!re are two ,*op9 ,polonaises t are p>ticul>ly favor$ by audi5ces ev]y:]e4 ,"o is ! ,h]oic1 ! o!r ! ,milit>y4 ,*op9 0 especially successful 9 end[+ arti/ic dim5sions & significance to ?is old c\rtly folk dance :i* is te*nically *>act]iz$ by its syncopations & acc5ts on ! half beat4 ,he wrote twelve = piano4 ,! ,h]oic1 9 ,a-flat major1 op4 #ec1 no4 #f 7#ahdb7 is fi]y music1 its fir/ robu/ !me be+ ! reason :y ! entire "w has be5 designat$ z 8h]oic40 ,?is ma9 melody 0 borr[$ = ! ,am]ican popul> song1 8,till ! ,end ( ,"t10 a big hit 9 #aide4 7,sigmund ,spae? has po9t$ up ! int]e/+ fact t :ile 8,till ! ,end ( ,"t0 0 at ! head ( ! 8,hit ,p>ade0 9 #aide1 ! polonaise itself f :i* ?is song 0 d]iv$ 0 9 fifte5? place1 8compet+ ) all ! light & s]i\s music ( ! _w40 ,& "o ( ! reasons :y ! ,polonaise sudd5ly became s popul> 0 because x 0 featur$ prom95tly 9 ! scre5 biography ( ,*op9 releas$ t ye>1 ,a ,song to ,rememb]47 ,! ,milit>y ,polonaise1 9 ,a major1 op4 #dj1 no4 #a 7#ahci7 is "o ( ,*op9's mo/ comm&+ pieces ( music4 ,bo? pr9cipal !mes h a pron\nc$ milit>y "*1 ?\gh ! second is some:at m subdu$ & lyrical ?an ! fir/4 ,glazunov's transcription = or*e/ra1 = ! ballet ,*op9iana1 is "o ( sev]al adaptations4 ,( ,*op9's tw5ty-six ,preludes1 two %\ld be s+l$ out = _! enorm\s popul> appeal4 ,*op9's ,preludes are brief compositions sugge/+ a mood or picture1 b at ! end leav+ ! impression ) ! li/5] t mu* m c\ld be spok5 on t subject4 ,^! ,preludes1 z ,rob]t ,s*umann wrote1 8are sket*es1 ! beg9n+s ( /udies1 or1 if y w1 ru9s2 eagles' p9ions1 wild & motley & pell-mell4 ,b 9 e piece we f9d1 9 8 own pe>ly h&writ+1 #8?is is by ,fr$]ic ,*op9'2 ev5 9 8 pauses we recognize him by 8 agitat$ brea?+40 ,!re are tw5ty-f\r pieces 9 op4 #bh 7#ahci71 ea* "o 9 "o ( ! keys ( ! major or m9or scale1 beg9n+ ) ,c major & ,a m9or1 & conclud+ ) ,f major & ,d m9or4 ,! mo/ popul> is t 9 ,a major1 "o ( ! %orte/ 9 ! gr\p1 a sixte5-b> melody 9 two %ort s5t5ces2 ?is is n only "o ( ,*op9's simple/ lyrical ?\ghts1 b also "o ( 8 mo/ eloqu5t4 ,among ! or*e/ral transcriptions is ! "o f\nd 9 ! ballet ,les ,sylphides 7see bel[74 ,! second ( ,*op9's mo/ popul> ,preludes is ! s-call$ ,ra9drop1 9 ,d-flat major1 op4 #bh1 no4 #ae4 ,"s ( ! depression exp]i5c$ by ,*op9 dur+ a mis]able /ay 9 ,majorca ) ,george ,s&--:]e he 0 plagu$ by illness1 bad wea!r1 & ! antagonism & suspicions ( 8 neighbors--c "h be f\nd4 ,! melody is a somb] reflection1 ?r\gh :i* is int]sp]s$ a repetiti\s figure t seems to sugge/ ! rhy?m ( fall+ ra9drops1 ! reason :y ?is piece acquir$ its famili> nickname4 ,! belief t ,*op9 0 inspir$ to write ?is music by li/5+ to ! g5tle s\nd ( fall+ ra9 on ! ro( ( 8 ,majorca h\se is apocryphal4 ,les ,sylphides1 "o ( ! mo/ popul> works 9 ! classic ballet rep]tory1 makes ext5sive use ( "s ( ,*op9's be/-kn[n compositions = ! piano1 or*e/rat$ by ,/rav9sky1 ,alex&] ,t*]epn9e1 ,glazunov1 & ,liadov4 ,) *oreography by ,mi*el ,fok9e x 0 fir/ pres5t$ by ,diaghilev's ,ballet ,russe de ,monte ,c>lo 9 ,p>is on ,june #b1 #aiji ) ,pavlova1 ,k>sav9a1 & ,nij9sky z pr9cipal danc]s4 ,!re is no /ory l9e to ?is ballet4 ,9 place ( *>act]s !re are only danc]s dress$ 9 long :ite dresses1 & a danseur 9 black & :ite velvet4 ,9 place ( an actual plot !re is only atmosph]e & mood4 ,a subdu$1 introspective ov]ture 7,prelude 9 ,a major1 op4 #bh1 no4 #g7 leads to ! rise ( ! curta9 on an anci5t ru9 )9 a seclud$ wood4 ,girls 9 :ite are transfix$ 9 a tableau2 !n !y beg9 danc+ to ! /ra9s ( ! ,nocturne 9 ,a-flat1 op4 #cb1 no4 #b4 ,aft] t come v>i\s dances to ! foll[+ ,*op9 compositions3 ,waltz 9 ,g-flat1 op4 #gj1 no4 #a2 ,mazurka 9 ,c major1 op4 #fg1 no4 #c2 ,mazurka 9 ,d major1 op4 #cc1 no4 #b2 a repetition ( ! op5+ ,a major ,prelude2 ,waltz 9 ,a-flat1 op4 #fi1 no4 #a1 ! ,l'adieu2 a repetition ( ! op5+ ,a major ,prelude2 ,waltz 9 ,c-%>p m9or1 op4 #fd1 no4 #b2 ,waltz 9 ,e-flat1 op4 #ah1 ! ,gr&e valse brillante4 ,*op9's f\rte5 waltzes are ! la/ ^w 9 ari/ocratic elegance & ref9em5t ( /yle2 !y are abundant ) ! mo/ beguil+ lyrical ideas4 ,p]haps ! be/ lov$ ( all ^! waltzes is t 9 ,c-%>p m9or1 op4 #fd1 no4 #b 7#ahdg74 ,! waltz op5s )\t prelim9>ies ) music ( c\rtly grace2 two o!r equally appeal+ subjects foll[4 ,! s-call$ ,m9ute ,waltz--9 ,d-flat major1 op4 #fd1 no4 #a--;is "o ( ! %orte/ ( ,*op9's compositions = ! piano4 ,! t]m 8m9ute0 does n ref] to ! sixty seconds suppos$ly requir$ = its p]=mance 7actually t p]=mance takes less ?an a m9ute7 b to ! ,fr5* t]m1 8m9ute0 mean+ 8small40 ,eric ,coates ,eric ,coates1 "o ( ,engl&'s mo/ highly e/eem$ & widely p]=m$ compos]s ( light music1 0 born 9 ,hucknall1 ,engl&1 on ,augu/ #bg1 #ahhf4 ,:ile att5d+ ! ,royal ,academy ( ,music 9 ,london1 :]e he specializ$ 9 ! viola "u ,lionel ,t]tis1 he support$ himself by play+ 9 sev]al ( ,london's !at] or*e/ras4 ,^u graduat+ f ! ,academy1 ,coates became violi/ ) sev]al /r+ qu>tets1 includ+ ! ,hamb\rg ,/r+ ,qu>tet ) :i* he t\r$ ,s\? ,africa 9 #aijh4 ,f #aiab to #aiah he 0 fir/ violi/ ( ! ,que5's ,hall ,or*e/ra4 ,mean:ile1 9 #aiaa he realiz$ 8 fir/ success z compos] ( light music :5 8 ,m9iature ,suite 0 introduc$ at a ,prom5ade ,conc]t2 aft] #aibj he devot$ himself almo/ completely to composition1 produc+ ballets1 rhapsodies1 suites1 m>*es1 & s =?1 t 7 he>d ar\nd ! _w4 ,9 #aicj1 8 valse-s]5ade ,sleepy ,lagoon a*iev$ a ph5om5al success 9 ,london2 ) lyrics by ,jack ,lawr5ce & 9 a popul>-song arrangem5t by ,dr4 ,alb]t ,sirmay1 x made 9 #aidb sev5te5 appe>ances on ! ,am]ican 8,hit ,p>ade10 twice 9 fir/ place4 ,coates appe>$ z gue/ conductor ?r\gh\t ! music _w1 visit+ ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 #aidf & #aiee1 on bo? occasions conduct+ conc]ts ( 8 music ov] ! radio networks4 ,9 #aieg he became presid5t ( ! ,briti% ,light ,music ,association4 ,he di$ 9 ,*i*e/]1 ,engl&1 on ,decemb] #ba1 #aieg4 ,9 ,f\r ,c5turies1 a suite = or*e/ra 7#aida71 ,coates creat$ a f\r-movem5t "w1 ea* ( :i* 0 9 a musical /yle ( a diff]5t c5tury4 ,! fir/ movem5t is a fugue1 ! second pavane1 ! ?ird ,valse1 & ! la/ is call$ 8,jazz40 ,london ,suite 7#aicb71 = or*e/ra1 is "o ( 8 be/ kn[n works inspir$ by ! city de>e/ to 8 he>t4 ,z he himself wrote3 8,my be/ inspiration is to walk d[n a ,london /reet & a tune soon comes to me4 ,:5 ,i c ?9k ( no?+ ,i walk d[n ,h>ley ,/reet & !re is a lamp po/4 ,e "t ,i cat* sight ( x a tune comes to my m9d4 ,t lamp po/ has be5 my inspiration = ye>s40 ,! mo/ celebrat$ movem5t ( 8 suite is ! /irr+ 8,knightsbridge ,m>*10 "o ( ! mo/ popul> m>*es by an ,engli%man1 p]haps second only 9 univ]sal appeal to ,elg>'s ,pomp & ,circum/ance4 ,x has be5 us$ z ! !me music = a program on ! ,,bbc1 & :5 fir/ us$ ! radio /ation 0 swamp$ ) ov] tw5ty ?\s& lett]s ask+ = its id5tification4 ,two o!r highly famili> movem5ts f ?is suite are 8,we/m9/]0 & 8,cov5t ,g>d540 ,! =m] is a 8m$itation10 introduc$ by ! *im+ ( bells ( ! ,we/m9/] clock & foll[$ by tunes bo? gay & p5sive sugge/+ diff]5t moods ( p /roll+ 9 ,london /reets bel[4 ,! second is a t>antella1 a lively dance recall+ ! fact t ! fam\s op]a h\se1 ,cov5t ,g>d51 has also di/+ui%$ itself = ! p]=mances ( comic & light op]as4 ,! ,?ree ,be>s is a reali/ic tonal picture ( ! fam\s fairy tale ( ,goldilocks & ! ?ree be>s4 ,an expressive ,&ante section is int5d$ to depict ! qu]y ( ! ?ree be>s1 8,:o's be5 sitt+ 9 my *air80 ,9 ! g5tle waltz section t foll[s1 ,goldilocks goes to sleep 9 ! small be>'s b$4 ,a vigor\s fa/ section demon/rates h[ ! ?ree be>s discov] ,goldilocks & *ase h] wildly4 ,!y f9ally give up ! pursuit1 g home 9 good humor1 :ile ,goldilocks returns to h] gr&mo!r to tell h] ( h] adv5ture t day4 ,9 ,! ,?ree ,elizabe?s 7#aidd71 ,coates provides s5sitive lyrical portraits ( ?ree ,engli% que5s1 ,que5 ,elizabe? ,i1 ! ,virg9 ,que52 ,elizabe?1 ! ,que5 "m1 wid[ ( ,k+ ,george ,,vi2 & ,elizabe? ,,ii4 ,pet] ,cornelius ,pet] ,cornelius 0 born 9 ,may5ce1 ,g]many1 on ,decemb] #bd1 #ahbd4 ,aft] /udy+ !ory ) ,dehn 9 ,b]l9 f #ahde to #aheb he became a passionate advocate ( ! 8music ( ! future0 z promulgat$ by ,liszt & ,wagn]4 ,x 0 ,liszt :o introduc$ ,cornelius' comic op]a1 ,! ,b>b] ( ,bagdad1 9 ,weim> 9 #aheh2 ,liszt 0 f9ally =c$ to resign 8 conduct+ po/ 9 ,weim> because ( ! ho/ility ( ! audi5ces to ?is ma/]work4 ,f #ahfe on ,cornelius liv$ 9 ,muni* :]e he 0 read] to ,k+ ,ludwig ,,ii & pr(essor ( h>mony at ! ,royal ,cons]vatory4 ,he di$ 9 ,may5ce on ,octob] #bf1 #ahgd4 ,he 0 a compos] ( op]as & songs1 b is today rememb]$ almo/ exclusively = ,! ,b>b] ( ,bagdad1 "o ( ! mo/ delightful comic op]as 9 ! ,g]man rep]tory4 ,! ,b>b] ( ,bagdad 7,d] ,b>bi] von ,bagdad7--^: _w premire took place 9 ,weim> on ,decemb] #ae1 #aheh1 ,liszt conduct+--has an amus+ text writt5 by ! compos] himself4 ,! plot conc]ns a r5dezv\s betwe5 ,nur$d9 & ,m>giana1 daught] ( ! ,caliph2 ,nur$d9's fri5d1 ! b>b] ( ,bagdad1 /&s gu>d4 ,?is amatory adv5ture is bright5$ by a s]ies ( episodes & accid5ts 9 :i* ,nur$d9 7mi/ak+ 8 fri5d = ! ,caliph7 seeks refuge 9 a *e/ 9 :i* he almo/ suffocates4 ,all turns out well 9 ! end4 ,! ,caliph (f]s 8 p>5tal bless+s to ,nur$d9 & ,m>giana4 ,! ov]ture is fam\s4 ,its ma9 melody is a *romatic ,ori5tal subject :i* repres5ts ! b>b]4 ,ano!r significant episode is ! !me ) :i* ! ov]ture op5s3 a t5d] melody = woodw9d & mut$ /r+s4 ,^! two ideas1 & sev]al subsidi>y ones d]iv$ f ! op]a score1 are develop$ ) consid]able good humor & m]rim5t until a dramatic conclusion is realiz$ 9 ! coda4 ,noel ,c[>d ,noel ,c[>d1 "o ( ,engl&'s mo/ brilliant & v]satile m5 ( ! !at] 9 ! #bj? c5tury1 0 born 9 ,t$d+ton1 on ,decemb] #af1 #ahii4 ,he made 8 /age debut 9 #aiaa 9 a fairy play1 & = ! next few ye>s appe>$ regul>ly 9 v>i\s o!r productions4 ,8 c>e] z p]=m] 0 int]rupt$ by milit>y s]vice dur+ ,_w ,w> ,i4 ,aft] ! w> he decid$ ^u a c>e] z writ]4 ,8 fir/ major success came ) ! play ,! ,vortex1 9 #aibd4 ,f !n on he wrote dramas & com$ies :i* plac$ him 9 ! front rank ( contempor>y playwrights4 ,b 8 a*ievem5ts 9 ! !at] d n end "h4 ,he has also di/+ui%$ himself z an actor1 night-club ent]ta9]1 produc]1 lyrici/1 compos]1 & on occasion ev5 z a conductor4 ,he wrote ! texts1 lyrics1 & ! music to sev]al musical productions1 ! mo/ fam\s ( :i* is ! op]etta1 ,bitt] ,sweet1 9 #aibi4 ,o!r musicals by ,c[>d include ,ye> ( ,grace 7#aibh71 ,words & ,music 7#aicb71 ,conv]sation ,piece 7#aicd7 & ,aft] ! ,ball 7#aied74 ,out ( "s ( ^! h come su* celebrat$ ,c[>d songs z 8,mad ,ab\t ! ,boy10 8,mad ,dogs & ,engli%m510 8,"s ,day ,i'll ,f9d ,y0 & 8,i'll ,foll[ ,my ,secret ,he>t40 ,an an?ology ( fifty-"o ,noel ,c[>d songs f 8 v>i\s musical productions call$ ,! ,noel ,c[>d ,song ,book 0 publi%$ 9 ,new ,york 9 #aiec4 ,nev] hav+ receiv$ any musical tra9+1 ,c[>d c play ! piano only 9 a s+le key1 & mu/ call ^u ! s]vices ( an amanu5sis to get 8 melodies d[n on pap]4 ,bitt] ,sweet is 8 mo/ fam\s musical1 fir/ produc$ 9 ,london on ,july #ah1 #aibi1 & 9 ,new ,york on ,novemb] #e1 #aibi4 ,x 0 twice adapt$ = motion-pictures1 ! fir/ "t 9 #aicc 9 ,engl&1 & ! second "t 9 #aidj 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 a production />r+ ,jeanette ,mac,donald & ,nelson ,eddy4 ,9 ,bitt] ,sweet1 ,noel ,c[>d made a consci\s ef=t at writ+ a romantic1 s5tim5tal1 no/algic op]etta 9 ! /yle s long favor$ 9 ,vi5na2 inde$ x 0 a he>+ ( a record+ ( ,johann ,/rauss' ,die ,fl$]maus t prov$ to be ! imm$iate /imulus 9 ! writ+ ( 8 text4 ,! sett+ is = ! mo/ "p ,vi5na1 & ! "t ! #ahhj's4 ,s>i1 an ,engli% girl1 is ab\t to m>ry an ,engli% man ( means :5 %e sudd5ly decides to elope ) ,c>l1 a music tea*]4 ,!y g to live 9 ,vi5na4 ,c>l comes to 8 sudd5 dea? 9 a duel1 aft] :i* ,s>i cont9ues to live 9 ,vi5na :]e %e becomes a fam\s s+]4 ,9 h] old age1 aft] an abs5ce ( half a c5tury1 %e returns to ,london4 ,?ree melodies f ,bitt] ,sweet h become extremely popul>4 ,! fir/ is a no/algic waltz1 8,i'll ,see ,y ,aga910 f ! fir/ act1 ! love song ( ,s>i & ,c>l2 ! song recurs aga9 9 ! ?ird act1 & its clos+ measures s]ve to br+ ! play to a dramatic conclusion4 8,zigeun]10 also sung by ,s>i is1 z its "n sugge/s1 9 ! gypsy /yle s favor$ by ! ,vi5nese public4 ,! ?ird fam\s melody f ,bitt] ,sweet is 8,if ,love ,7 ,all40 8,i'll ,foll[ ,my ,secret ,he>t0 comes f ,conv]sation ,piece1 fir/ produc$ 9 ,london on ,febru>y #af1 #aicd1 & 9 ,new ,york ! same fall4 ,! sett+ ( ?is s5tim5tal & no/algic op]etta is ! ,engli% resort t[n ( ,brighton 9 #ahaa :]e ,paul1 a duke turn$ adv5tur]1 & ,melanie1 a ,p>isian *anteuse1 are involv$ 9 a /ormy romance t ends happily4 ,z sung by ,yvonne ,pr9temps 9 ,london1 8,i'll ,foll[ ,my ,secret ,he>t0 0 ! pivot on :i* ! /ory rotat$1 & ! ma9 reason = ?is op]etta's enorm\s success4 ,cs> ,cui ,cs> ,cui 0 born 9 ,vilna1 ,russia1 on ,janu>y #ah1 #ahce4 ,he 0 graduat$ z an eng9e] f ! ,/4 ,pet]sburg ,eng9e]+ ,academy 9 #aheg2 foll[+ t he s]v$ = _m ye>s z a topograph]1 z an au?ority on =tifications1 & z an eng9e]+ pr(essor4 ,all ! :ile 8 pr9cipal avocation 0 music1 :i* he _h /udi$ f *ildhood on4 ,betwe5 #ahfd & #aijj he 0 active z music critic = v>i\s ,russian newspap]s & j\rnals4 ,z a compos]1 he belong$ to ! nationali/ gr\p kn[n z ! 8,russian ,five0 or 8,mighty ,five10 b unlike 8 di/+ui%$ colleagues 7,balakirev1 ,rimsky-,korsakov1 ,mussorgsky & ,borod97 8 influ5ce prov$ f> great] ?an 8 music4 ,he wrote _m op]as & l>ge or*e/ral works1 b none h rema9$ alive 9 ! rep]tory4 ,he 0 probably at 8 be/ 9 m9iature = ! piano1 & 9 8 songs4 ,he di$ 9 ,/4 ,pet]sburg on ,m>* #bd1 #aiah4 ,x is ) "o ( 8 m9iatures t 8 "n is /ill rememb]$4 ,?is piece is ! ,ori5tale1 a composition orig9ally = viol9 & piano1 ! n9? numb] 9 a suite ( tw5ty-f\r pieces collectively entitl$ ,kaleidoscope1 op4 #ej4 ,! pr9cipal melody is 9 ori5tal /yle1 introduc$ & !n accompani$ by a p]si/5t rhy?m 7:i* 9 ! orig9al v]sion is produc$ by pluck$ /r+s1 :ile ! melody itself is fir/ giv5 by ! piano4 ,?is melody is soon tak5 ov] by ! viol947 ,transcriptions = or*e/ra h made ?is a salon favorite4 ,claude ,debussy ,a*ille-,claude ,debussy1 fa!r ( musical ,impressionism1 0 born 9 ,/4 ,g]ma9-en-,laye1 ,france1 on ,augu/ #bb1 #ahfb4 ,f #ahgc to #ahhd he att5d$ ! ,p>is ,cons]vatory :]e he 0 bo? a rebelli\s & a brilliant /ud5t4 ,he won _m prizes1 includ+ ! ,prix de ,rome 9 #ahhd4 ,9 ! compositions writt5 9 ,rome "u ! provisions ( ! ,prix he already reveal$ 8 indep5d5ce ( ?\ght & unor?odoxy ( /yle4 ,aft] return+ f ,rome to ,p>is he became influ5c$ n only by ! ,impressioni/ movem5t 9 ,fr5* art & ! ,symboli/ movem5t 9 ,fr5* lit]ature b also by ! iconocla/ic musical approa*es & idioms ( ,erik ,satie4 ,debussy n[ began to develop 8 own te*niques & mann]isms & to cry/allize 8 highly p]sonal /yle4 ,8 fir/ ma/]works appe>$ betwe5 #ahib & #ahic3 ! or*e/ral prelude1 ,! ,aft]noon ( a ,faun 7,l',aprs-midi d'un faune71 & 8 /r+ qu>tet4 ,) lat] works = or*e/ra & = solo piano--& ) 8 rem>kable op]a1 ,pelleas & ,melis&e1 introduc$ at ! ,opra-,comique on ,april #cj1 #aijb--;he br\ght musical ,impressionism to its highe/ te*nical developm5t & to its mo/ advanc$ /age ( arti/ic fulfillm5t4 ,he became ! musical poet ( ! mo/ subtle sugge/ions1 elusive moods1 & delicate impressions4 ,a victim ( canc]1 ,debussy suff]$ sev]ely 9 ! clos+ ye>s ( 8 life4 ,he di$ 9 ,p>is on ,m>* #be1 #aiah1 on a day :5 ! city 0 be+ bomb>d$ by ! ,g]mans dur+ ,_w ,w> ,i4 ,because ( ! w>1 8 dea? pass$ unnotic$ except by a h&ful ( fri5ds4 ,debussy's greate/ works are1 to be sure1 too complex 9 te*nique & too subtle 9 /yle to enjoy ready consumption by ! g5]al public4 ,b a few ( 8 compositions h a wide appeal because _! *>m & s5sitivity are easily compreh5d$1 ev5 at fir/ he>+4 ,"o ( ^! is ! delightful piano suite1 ,*ildr5's ,corn] 7#aijh7 writt5 by ! compos] = ! delight ( 8 little daught]1 ,*\-,*\4 ,9 x ,debussy evokes ! imag9ative _w ( ! *ild2 b he also produces unsophi/icat$ descriptive music t is readily appreciat$ by ! v "y4 ,debussy us$ ,engli% r ?an ,fr5* titles = ?is "w because he wi%$ to sugge/ ! k9d ( /ories & games t involve an ,engli% gov]ness & a ,fr5* *ild4 ,&r ,caplet's or*e/ration ( ?is suite is fam\s4 ,!re are six brief movem5ts4 ,! fir/1 8,doctor ,gradus ad ,p>nassum10 is a satire on "y piani/s & _! /ruggles ) five-f+] ex]cises4 ,?is is foll[$ by 8,jimbo's ,lullaby10 a t5d] lullaby croon$ by a *ild to 8 toy elephant nam$ ,jimbo4 ,9 ! ?ird movem5t1 8,s]5ade = a ,doll10 ! *ild turns f 8 pet elephant to 8 pet doll to croon to x a s5sitive s]5ade4 8,! ,sn[ ,is ,fall+0 is a tone picture ( a sn[fall1 se5 by a *ild f 8 w9d[4 8,! ,little ,%eph]d0 is a pa/oral piece ( music4 ,! mo/ fam\s movem5t ( ! suite is ! la/ "o1 8,golliwogg's ,cakewalk0 9 :i* ! compos] exploits ! /yle & rhy?m ( a ,negro dance popul> 9 ,am]ica 9 ! #ai? c5tury1 ! cakewalk4 ,9 ?is movem5t1 ! compos] malici\sly int]polates a fragm5t f ! ,prelude ( ,wagn]'s ,tri/an & ,isolde4 ,! belov$ ,clair de ,lune 7,moonlight7 is probably ! compos]'s mo/ celebrat$ melody4 ,?is is a poetic1 s5sitive evocation ( ! peace & beauty ( a moonlight light4 ,x comes f 8 ,suite b]gamasque = piano 7#ahij71 :]e x c be f\nd z ! ?ird ( f\r movem5ts4 ,or*e/ral transcriptions h made ?is piece ( music _w-fam\s4 ,! ,girl ,) ! ,flax5 ,hair 7,la ,fille aux *eveux de l97 is an exquisite portrait1 9 ! compos]'s mo/ felicit\s impressioni/ /yle4 ,x is ! eigh? numb] ( 8 ,preludes = ! piano1 ,book ,i 7#aiaj71 & l ,clair de lune is (t5 he>d 9 v>i\s or*e/ral transcriptions2 ,ar?ur ,h>tmann's adaptation = viol9 & piano is also famili>4 ,! ,petite ,suite 7,little ,suite7 = piano duet 7#ahhi7 is e>ly ,debussy1 m 9 ! ,romantic ve9 ( ,delibes ?an 9 ! provocative idiom ,debussy lat] made fam\s4 ,z or*e/rat$ by ,h5ri ,buss] x is 9 ! rep]tory ( _m salon & pop or*e/ras4 ,!re are f\r %ort movem5ts4 ,! fir/1 8,en ,bateau0 78,9 a ,boat07 is p>ticul>ly popul>4 ,9 ! or*e/ration a g5tle b>c>olle melody = flute sugge/s ! g5tle c\rse ( ! boat 9 a placid lake4 ,?is is foll[$ by turns by a vigor\s episode & a passionate section1 bo? ( !m = ! /r+s4 ,! flute !n re/ores placidity1 & ! op5+ s5sitive melody returns 9 ! viol9s4 8,cortge0 78,m>*07 is a p]t little m>* tune %>$ by ! woodw9d & /r+s4 8,m5uet0 is ( classic grace :ile ! f9ale1 8,ballet10 has a compell+ rhy?mic vigor4 ,rv]ie 7#ahij7 is a brief1 atmosph]ic piece = ! piano :i* has became a favorite ) ,am]icans because 9 #aich x 0 adapt$ into ! popul> song1 8,my ,rev]ie40 ,lo ,delibes ,lo ,delibes 0 born 9 ,/4 ,g]ma9-du-,val1 ,france1 on ,febru>y #ba1 #ahcf4 ,aft] att5d+ ! ,p>is ,cons]vatory f #ahdh on1 he became an accompani/ = ! ,?tre ,lyrique & organi/ ( ! ,*ur* ( ,/4-,jean et ,/4-,franois 9 ,p>is 9 #ahec4 ,betwe5 #ahee & #ahfe he wrote a doz5 op]as1 none ( !m successful4 ,9 #ahfe he 0 appo9t$ *orusma/] ( ! ,gr& ,opra :]e he 0 enc\rag$ to write music = ballet2 ! fir/ ( ^! 0 ,la ,s\rce 9 #ahff 7r5am$ ,naila :5 lat] giv5 9 ,vi5na74 ,8 mo/ successful ballets 7 ,copplia 9 #ahgj & ,sylvia 9 #ahgf1 bo? /ill vital 9 ! rep]tory4 ,9 #ahgc 8 mo/ important opra-comique1 ,le ,roi l'a ,dit1 0 introduc$ by ! ,opra-,comique2 ,delibes' mo/ important op]a1 ,lakm1 0 fir/ p]=m$ on ,april #ad1 #ahhc by ! ,p>is ,opra4 ,mean:ile1 9 #ahha1 ,delibes 0 appo9t$ pr(essor ( composition at ! ,cons]vatory4 ,?ree ye>s aft] t he became a memb] ( ! ,fr5* ,academy4 ,he di$ 9 ,p>is on ,janu>y #af1 #ahia4 ,delibes is (t5 describ$ z ! creator ( mod]n ballet music4 ,he 0 ! fir/ compos] to write symphonically = ! dance1 to br+ to ballet music ! fulle/ creative & te*nical res\rces ( ! skill$ s]i\s compos]4 ,?us he op5$ a new field ( compositions :i* lat] compos]s 7,t*aikovsky1 ,/rav9sky1 & ,ravel among _m o!rs7 cultivat$ ) f]tility4 ,! elegance ( ,delibes' /yle1 ! c>ess+ w>m? ( 8 lyricism1 ! ri*ness ( 8 h>monic & rhy?mic language1 ! delicacy ( 8 or*e/ration end[ 8 ballet music ) int]e/ ev5 :5 x is divorc$ f its *oreography4 ,copplia is a /aple 9 ! classic ballet rep]tory4 ,x 0 introduc$ at ! ,p>is ,opra on ,may #be1 #ahgj1 *oreography by ,a4 ,sa9t-,lon1 & sc5>io by ,c4 ,nuitt] & ,a4 ,sa9t-,lon bas$ ^u ,! ,s&man1 a /ory by ,e4 ,t4 ,a4 ,h(fmann4 ,copplia is ! fir/ successful ballet to utilize ! subject ( a doll become human4 ,copplia is a doll creat$ by ,dr4 ,copplius4 ,%e comes to life & gets out ( control4 ,franz1 ?9k+ %e is human1 falls 9 love ) h]4 ,b :5 he realizes %e is b a doll he becomes reconcil$ ) 8 =m] swee!>t1 ,swanilda4 ,delibes' score is "o ( ! e>lie/ 9 ballet to make successful use ( su* folk dances z ! ,mazurka & ! ,cz>das2 because ( 8 success 9 ?is direction1 _m lat] compos]s ( ballet music 7 enc\rag$ to foll[ suit4 ,an or*e/ral suite adapt$ f ! score nev] ceases to delight audi5ces at bo? symphonic & semi-classical conc]ts4 ,x op5s ) ! 8,valse l5te10 a suave waltz to :i* ,swanilda dances z %e /rives to attract ! att5tion ( ,copplia1 ( :om %e is jeal\s4 ,?is is foll[$ by ! 8,mazurka10 a gay episode danc$ by a gr\p ( villag]s aft] ,franz has mi/ak5 ,copplia = a human & salutes h]4 ,! 8,ballade0 !n comes z a p5sive int]lude2 to ?is music ,swanilda puts a /alk ( :eat to h] e>1 foll[+ a long exi/+ sup]/ition1 to discov] if ,franz has be5 fai?ful to h]4 ,:5 ! answ] is 9 ! negative1 %e breaks ! /alk savagely be=e 8 v eyes4 8,!me ,slave ,v>i0 is danc$ by ,swanilda2 ?is section comprises a tuneful ,poli% melody & five v>iations4 ,! /ately & at times fi]y 8,cz>das0 :i* concludes ! fir/ act is a corybantic 9 :i* all villag]s jo94 8,valse de la p\pe0 7or 8,dance ( ! ,doll07 is probably ! mo/ famili> musical numb] 9 ! entire ballet1 an elegant waltz danc$ by ,swanilda z %e assumes ! dress1 & imitates ! actions1 ( ,copplia4 ,! ,naila ,waltz 7or ,pas des ,fleurs7 0 writt5 by ,delibes 9 #ahfg z an int]mezzo = ! revival 9 ,p>is ( ,adolph ,adam's op]a ,le ,corsaire1 9 ,p>is4 ,:5 ,delibes' e>ly ballet1 ,la ,s\rce1 0 introduc$ 9 ,vi5na z ,naila1 ?is waltz 0 int]polat$ into ! production4 ,a %ort1 vigor\s introduction = full or*e/ra & sev]al notes 9 ! basses lead to ! lilt+ waltz melody 9 /r+s1 ) ! woodw9ds soon jo9+ 94 ,ern/ von ,dohnnyi made an effective transcription ( ?is waltz = ! piano4 ,le ,roi l'a dit 7,! ,k+ ,said ,s7 is an opra-comique ) libretto by ,edmond ,gond9et1 introduc$ at ! ,opra-,comique 9 ,p>is on ,may #bd1 #ahgc4 ,! plot revolves ar\nd a peasant boy :om a ,m>quis is try+ to pass (f be=e ! k+ z 8 own son4 ,! peasant makes ! mo/ ( ?is situation to ! cont9ual emb>rassm5t & *agr9 ( ! ,m>quis :o f9ally manages to get rid ( him by m>ry+ him (f to a maid ) :om ! boy is 9 love4 ,! popul> ov]ture to ?is light op]a op5s ) a brisk m>* 9 full *ords4 ,a graci\s little melody !n unfolds 9 ! /r+s4 ,aft] a return ( ! m>* music 9 a m subdu$ ve91 a romantic song is (f]$ by ! cl>9ets aga9/ pluck$ /r+s4 ,! music n[ gr[s liveli] z a pr9cipal ?\ght is giv5 by *att]+ /r+s & woodw9d4 ,ext5d$ use is n[ made ( ! fir/ graceful melody4 ,! op5+ m>* is at la/ recall$ to br+ ! ov]ture to a boi/]\s end4 ,! second ( ,delibes' fam\s ballets1 ,sylvia1 0 introduc$ at ! ,p>is ,opra on ,june #ad1 #ahgf4 ,! *oreography 0 by ,l\is ,mrante1 & ! text by ,jules ,b>bi] & ,b>on de ,re9a*4 ,! classical subject is d]iv$ f my?ology4 ,am9ta1 a %eph]d1 comes to a sacr$ grove seek+ a huntress he _h once se5 !re4 ,%e is ,sylvia1 :o soon appe>s ) h] nymphs4 ,%e is lat] captur$ by ,orion1 ! black huntsman4 ,b h] escape is effect$ by ,eros1 & %e & ,am9ta are reunit$ 9 love4 ,l ,copplia1 ,sylvia has a popul> or*e/ral suite adapt$ f ! ballet score4 ,aft] a brief ,prelude comes 8,les ,*ass]esses0 78,! ,huntresses071 sprightly music ) :i* ,sylvia & h] nymphs make _! fir/ appe>ance2 to its rhy?mic /ra9s !y dance be=e a /atue ( ,eros4 ,a g5tle 8,int]mezzo0 foll[s1 describ+ ! nymphs z !y re/ ne> a /ream4 ,9 ! 8,valse l5te0 ,sylvia dances to a graceful musical episode4 ,! 8,b>c>olle0 highlights a saxophone solo2 to ?is backgr\nd music appe>s a %ip be>+ ,eros1 disguis$ z a pirate4 ,! mo/ celebrat$ s+le numb] 9 ! entire suite comes next1 ! 8,pizzicato10 a delicate dance p]=m$ by ,sylvia disguis$ z a slave4 ,! 8,cortge de ,bac*us0 78,m>* ( ,bac*us07 is ! dynamic music ) :i* a bac*analian rite is be+ celebrat$4 ,gregore ,d9icu ,gregore ,d9icu1 :o 0 born 9 ,bu*>e/1 ,rumania1 on ,april #e1 #ahhi1 is a gypsy viol9i/ :o became popul> 9 lead+ ,rumanian cab>ets & re/aurants4 ,9 #aici he visit$ ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 scor+ a major success ) 8 gypsy or*e/ra at ! ,new ,york ,_w's ,fair4 ,8 ,hora ,/accato1 = viol9 & piano 7or viol9 & or*e/ra7--a virtuoso piece ( folk "*--is 8 only composition to become fam\s outside ,rumania4 ,jas*a ,heifetz1 ! fam\s virtuoso1 he>d ,d9icu play x 9 ,rumania & 0 s delight$ ) x t he transcrib$ x1 & popul>iz$ x bo? at 8 conc]ts & on records4 ,! ,hora is an excit+ ,rumanian folk dance ) lively rhy?ms & a v]tig9\s melody t %ifts flexibly f major to m9or or modal scales4 ,^! traits are all f\nd 9 ,d9icu's electrify+ ,hora ,/accato4 ,gaetano ,donizetti ,gaetano ,donizetti 0 born 9 ,b]gamo1 ,italy1 on ,novemb] #bi1 #agig4 ,8 e>ly music /udy took place 9 ,b]gamo & ,naples & 0 complet$ at ! ,liceo ,fil>monico 9 ,bologna4 ,despite 8 /rong b5t n only = music b also = art1 lit]ature1 & ar*itecture1 he aspir$ = a milit>y c>e]4 ,:ile s]v+ 9 ! ,au/rian army he complet$ 8 fir/ op]a1 ,enrico di ,borgogna1 introduc$ 9 ,v5ice 9 #ahah4 ,success came f\r ye>s aft] t 9 ,rome ) ,zoraide di ,granata4 ,n[ exempt$ f fur!r milit>y duty1 ,donizetti 0 able to devote himself entirely to composition4 ,betwe5 #ahbb & #ahbi he wrote tw5ty-?ree op]as4 ,9 #ahcj he a*iev$ r5[n ?r\gh\t ,europe ) ,anna ,bol5a1 introduc$ 9 ,milan4 ,9 ! five succe$+ ye>s he produc$ two ma/]works by :i* he is /ill repres5t$ 9 ! op]atic rep]tory3 ,l',elisir d'amore 9 #ahcb & ,lucia di ,lamm]moor 9 #ahce4 ,f #ahcg to #ahci he 0 ! director ( ! ,naples ,cons]vatory4 ,9 #ahci he w5t to live 9 ,p>is :]e he wrote & _h produc$ sev]al highly successful op]as includ+ ,! ,daught] ( ! ,regim5t & ,la ,favorita 9 #ahdj & ,don ,pasquale 9 #ahdc4 ,soon aft] ?is he return$ to 8 native city :]e he 0 /rick5 by a m5tal disord] & = a "t conf9$ to an asylum4 ,he di$ 9 ,b]gamo on ,april #h1 #ahdh4 ,! facility ) :i* ,donizetti wrote 8 sixty-sev5 op]as is app>5t 9 ! easy fl[ ( 8 lovable melodies & 9 ! spontaneity ( 8 aurally agreeable h>monies4 ,he also possesses a f9e !atrical gift1 & mu* ( 8 be/ music comb9es delightful lyricism & affect+ emotion ) dramatic =ce4 ,! ,daught] ( ! ,regim5t 7,la ,fille du rgim5t1 or ,la figlia del reggim5to7 0 fir/ p]=m$ at ! ,opra-,comique 9 ,p>is on ,febru>y #aa1 #ahdj4 ,! ,fr5* libretto by ,jean ,franois ,bay>d & ,v]noy de ,sa9t-,georges 0 translat$ into ,italian by ! compos]4 ,! sett+ is ,tyrol 9 #ahae1 !n be+ invad$ by ,napoleon's troops4 ,m>ie is ! viv&ire 7cante5 manag]7 ( ! #ba/ ,regim5t ( ! ,fr5* army4 ,9 love ) ,tonio1 :o is suspect$ by ! ,fr5* ( be+ a spy1 %e is able to prevail on ! troops to save 8 life4 ,b ,m>ie is soon compell$ to be sep>at$ f bo? ,tonio & ! ,fr5* soldi]s :5 x is discov]$ t %e is ! long lo/ niece ( ! ,c\ntess ( ,b]k5feld & mu/ return ) h] aunt to h] ca/le4 ,! ,c\ntess wants ,m>ie to m>ry ! ,duke ( ,crack5?orp4 ,:5 ! ,fr5* troops1 ) ,tonio among !m1 /orm ! ,b]k5feld ca/le & want to reclaim ,m>ie1 ! ,c\ntess n[ reveals t ,m>ie is n h] niece b h] daught] & ?us mu/ obey h] wi%es4 ,h[ev]1 ! ,fr5* soldi]s f9ally prevail on ! ,c\ntess to p]mit ,m>ie to m>ry ,tonio4 ,! mo/ popul> selections f ?is tuneful1 & occasionally m>tially /irr+ op]a are3 ,m>ie's mov+ tribute to h] regim5t 78,ah1 *acun le sait1 *acun le dit07 & h] t5d] f>ewell z %e is ab\t to leave = ,b]k5feld 78,il faut p>tir1 mes bons compagnons07 & a spirit$ ,fr5* w> song to victory 78,rataplan07 all f ! fir/ act2 & f ! second act1 ,m>ie's mov+ aria 78,p> le rang1 et l'opul5ce071 ! or*e/ral entr'acte 8,tyroli5ne10 & ! dramatic paean to ,france 78,salut la ,france07 ) :i* ! op]a ends4 ,don ,pasquale is a classic 9 ! lit]ature ( op]a buffa4 ,x receiv$ its premire 9 ,p>is on ,janu>y #c1 #ahdc2 its libretto 7by ! compos] & ,giacomo ,ruff9i7 is bas$ on a libretto creat$ by ,angelo ,anelli = ano!r op]a4 ,! c5tral "* is an old ba*elor :o object$ to ! m>riage ( 8 "y nephew ) a beautiful wid[1 ,nor9a4 ,to tea* him a lesson1 ,nor9a puts on a disguise1 involves ! old man 9 a mock m>riage1 & !n tortures him ) h] %rewi% ways4 ,pasquale f9ally becomes s reliev$ to discov] t he has m]ely be5 ! victim ( an intrigue1 r ?an a cata/rophic m>riage1 t he does n hesitate any long] to give ,nor9a & 8 nephew 8 cons5t to _! m>riage4 ,9 ! case ( ,don ,pasquale its ov]ture is he>d f> m (t5 ?an potp\rris ( pr9cipal sections4 ,x op5s ) heavy desc5d+ *ords :i* lead into an opul5t song = cellos1 soon assum$ by horns & ! woodw9d4 ,! he>t ( ! ov]ture is a saucy melody = /r+s4 ,! music n[ becomes dramatiz$ ) transitional mat]ial1 b a new gay melody is (f]$ by ! woodw9d & /r+s4 ,! ma9 /r+ melody & ! succe$+ sprightly tune are recall$ to f9i% ! ov]ture 9 a gay mood4 ,l',elisir d'amore 7,! ,elixir ( ,love7 l ,don ,pasquale1 is a delightful comic op]a1 "o ( ! mo/ eff]vesc5t ev] writt54 ,x receiv$ its fir/ p]=mance 9 ,milan on ,may #ab1 #ahcb4 ,! libretto1 by ,felice ,romani1 0 bas$ on ,eugne ,scribe's ,le ,philtre4 ,nemor9o1 9 love ) ,ad9a :o rejects him1 pur*ases a love elixir f ! quack1 ,dr4 ,dulcam>a4 ,b a sudd5 inh]itance f 8 uncle1 :i* =?) makes ,nemor9o extremely popul> ) ! girls1 proves ev5 m pot5t 9 w9n+ ,ad9a's love ?an ! potion itself4 ,or*e/ral selections f 8 gay op]a include "o ( ! be/ lov$ t5or arias 9 ! op]atic rep]tory4 ,x is 8,una furtiva lagrima10 a s\lful song by ,nemor9o 9 ! second act ) :i* he hopes to console ,ad9a :5 he sees h] jeal\sy sudd5ly ar\s$ by ! fact t he _h become ! favorite ( ! village girls4 ,o!r famili> episodes include a m]ry comic numb] 8,udite1 ,udite0 9 :i* ,dr4 ,dulcam>a boa/s ( ! p[] ( 8 potions1 & a beautiful aria1 8,quanto bella10 9 :i* ,nemor9o discloses 8 love & long+ = ,ad9a1 bo? 9 ! fir/ act4 ,lucia di ,lamm]moor is ,donizetti's mo/ fam\s gr& op]a1 & ! title role has be5 favor$ by ! _w's =emo/ coloratura sopranos4 ,! libretto1 by ,salvatore ,camm>ano1 0 bas$ on ! ,sir ,walt] ,scott romance1 ,! ,bride ( ,lamm]moor4 ,! op]a 0 fir/ p]=m$ 9 ,naples on ,septemb] #bf1 #ahce4 ,lucia1 si/] ( ,"l ,a%ton1 is 9 love ) ,edg>2 b 9 plann+ to h h] m>ry ! weal?y ,"l ,ar?ur ,bucklaw1 ,"l ,a%ton uses lies & wiles to conv9ce 8 si/] t ,edg> does n love h]4 ,on ! day ( ! sign+ ( ! m>riage contract betwe5 ,lucia & ,bucklaw1 ,edg> invades ! ,lamm]moor ca/le & curses its family4 ,madd5$ by h] grief1 ,lucia kills h] husb& soon aft] ! w$d+1 & !n dies4 ,:5 ,edg> le>ns t ,lucia has lov$ him all ! "t1 he commits suicide4 ,! favorite selections f ?is op]a include "o ( ! mo/ fam\s ensemble numb]s 9 all op]a1 ! sextet 8,*i mi fr5a40 ,x is sung 9 ,act #b1 ,sc5e #b1 by ,lucia1 ,edg>1 ,bucklaw1 ,raimond1 ,a%ton & ,alisa aft] ,edg> _h invad$ ! ,lamm]moor ca/le & witness$ ! sign+ ( ! m>riage contract betwe5 ,lucia & ,bucklaw4 ,ea* ( ! *>act]s "h gives voice to 8 or h] p]sonal reaction to ?is dramatic situation3 ,lucia speaks ( h] despair at ! trea*]y ( h] bro!r2 ,edg> wond]s :y he does n commit an act ( v5geance2 ,"l ,a%ton is l$ to sympa?y at 8 si/]'s despair2 ,lucia's companion1 ,alisa1 & ,bucklaw hope t blood%$ might be av]t$2 & ,raimond1 a *apla91 invokes div9e help4 ,ano!r highly popul> exc]pt f ! op]a (f]$ 9 or*e/ral potp\rris includes ,lucia's 8,mad ,sc5e0 f ,act #c1 ,sc5e #b 78,ardon gl'inc5si074 ,dress$ 9 a :ite g[n1 ,lucia appe>s & mi/akes h] bro!r = h] belov$ ,edg>1 :o %e believes has come to m>ry h]4 ,!n %e entreats ^? ar\nd h] to place a fl[] on h] grave & n to weep at h] dea? 78,sp>gi d'am>o pianto074 ,sev]al o!r selections (t5 play$ include ,lucia's lyrical cavat9a f ,act #a1 ,sc5e #b 78,qu&o rapita 9 e/asi07 z %e ?9ks ( h] belov$ ,edg>2 ! love duet ( ,lucia & ,edg> f ! same sc5e 78,v]rano a te sull'aure072 & ! w$d+ music f ,act #c1 ,sc5e #a t prec$es ! 8,mad ,sc5e0 78,d'imm5so giubilo074 ,franz ,drdla ,franz ,drdla 0 born 9 ,sa>1 ,moravia on ,novemb] #bh1 #ahfh4 ,he att5d$ ! ,cons]vatories 9 ,prague & ,vi5na1 w9n+ at ! latt] place fir/ prize 9 viol9 play+ & ! m$al ( ! ,gesells*aft d] ,musikfreunde4 ,aft] s]v+ = sev]al ye>s z a viol9i/ 9 ! or*e/ra ( ! ,vi5na ,c\rt ,op]a1 he t\r$ ,europe z a conc]t viol9i/4 ,f #aibc to #aibe he liv$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 mak+ _m conc]t appe>ances4 ,he di$ 9 ,bad ,ga/e91 ,au/ria1 on ,septemb] #c1 #aidd4 ,drdla's mo/ fam\s compositions are slight b lyrical pieces = ! viol91 ( :i* he wrote ov] two hundr$ fifty4 ,8 mo/ fam\s composition is ! ,s\v5ir1 ) its famili> upw>d skip 9 ! ma9 melody & its broad s5tim5tal middle section 9 d\ble /ops4 ,9 a simil>ly s5tim5tal & g5tle melodic ve9 7!y might aptly be describ$ z in/rum5tal songs7 are ! ,romance1 ,s]5ade 9 ,a 7,no4 #a71 & ,vision4 ,all are famili> to viol9 /ud5ts1 & to lov]s ( light classics 9 transcriptions = or*e/ra4 ,ricc>do ,drigo ,ricc>do ,drigo 0 born 9 ,padua1 ,italy1 on ,june #cj1 #ahdf4 ,he fir/ became fam\s z conductor ( or*e/ral conc]ts at ! ,imp]ial ,!at] 9 ,/4 ,pet]sburg4 ,aft] ,_w ,w> ,i1 he cont9u$ 8 activities z conductor 9 8 native city4 ,he di$ !re on ,octob] #a1 #aicj4 ,drigo 0 ! compos] ( ballets & op]as1 none ( :i* h surviv$4 ,he is today rememb]$ almo/ exclusively = two slight b well lov$ items4 ,"o is ! melodically suave ,s]5ade1 popul> 9 e conceivable transcription4 ,x comes out ( a ballet entitl$ ,i milioni d',arlec*9o 7,h>lequ9's ,millions7 & consequ5tly is sometimes kn[n z ! ,h>lequ9's ,s]5ade4 ,! o!r is ,valse bluette1 an elegant waltz melody1 :i* ! compos] orig9ally wrote = salon or*e/ra1 b :i* is 9 ! viol9i/'s rep]tory by virtue ( a fam\s transcription4 ,arcady ,dub5sky ,arcady ,dub5sky 0 born 9 ,viatka1 ,russia1 on ,octob] #ae1 #ahij4 ,aft] be+ graduat$ f ! ,mosc[ ,cons]vatory 9 #aiji he play$ ! viol9 9 ! or*e/ra ( ! ,mosc[ ,op]a4 ,9 #aiba he came to ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 :]e he lat] became a citiz54 ,he s]v$ z viol9i/ ( ! ,new ,york ,symphony ,society1 & aft] t ( ! ,new ,york ,philh>monic ,or*e/ra1 until 8 retirem5t 9 #aiec4 ,dub5sky _h writt5 _m works = or*e/ra1 ^: s\nd te*nique & fre% approa*es comm& respect4 ,"o or two ( ^! are ( popul> appeal )\t sacrific+ s\nd musical values4 ,( p>ticul> int]e/ is ! ,/eph5 ,fo/] ,suite = or*e/ra 7#aidj71 9 :i* ,dub5sky quotes five ,/eph5 ,fo/] songs3 8,my ,old ,k5tucky ,home10 8,jeanie ,) ! ,light ,br[n ,hair10 8,"s ,folks10 8,i ,see ,h] ,/ill 9 ,my ,dreams10 & 8,campt[n ,races40 ,! compos] goes on to expla93 8,! fir/ "p repres5ts to me a beautiful summ] ev5+ 9 ! c\ntry4 ,f f> away ,i he> a *oir1 com+ gradually clos] & !n fad+ into ! di/ance4 ,x s+s to me ! wond] song1 #8,my ,old ,k5tucky ,home4' ,! second "p is built ar\nd #8,jeanie ,) ! ,light ,br[n ,hair4' ,"h ! melody is giv5 to a t5or solo1 ) a s(t1 g5tle or*e/ral accompanim5t beg9n+ ) a %ort introduction4 ,! la/ two p>ts are = or*e/ra4 ,! f\r? "p c5t]s ar\nd ! song #8,i ,see ,h] ,/ill ,9 ,my ,dreams4' ,x is a dreamy song1 & ,i h giv5 x ! "* ( an int]mezzo play$ by /r+ or*e/ra1 mut$4 ,if ?is movem5t is play$ 9 sl[ tempo1 & pianissimo1 x s\nds n at all reali/ic b l ! dream x portrays4 ,! fif? "p1 #8,campt[n ,races' is ! focal po9t ( ! suite4 ,! !me is treat$ 9 a numb] ( diff]5t keys & always 9 a diff]5t "*4 ,sometimes x is delicate & graceful1 & sometimes rude & robu/1 b always x is gay40 ,paul ,dukas ,paul ,dukas 0 born 9 ,p>is1 ,france1 on ,octob] #a1 #ahfe4 ,aft] att5d+ ! ,p>is ,cons]vatory1 :]e he won prizes 9 c\nt]po9t & fugue z well z ! second ,prix de ,rome1 he s]v$ z music critic = sev]al ,p>isian j\rnals4 ,f #aiaj to #aiab he 0 pr(essor ( or*e/ration at ! ,p>is ,cons]vatory1 & f #aibg until 8 dea? its pr(essor ( composition4 ,8 fir/ successful "w 0 a conc]t ov]ture1 ,polyecute1 introduc$ 9 ,p>is 9 #ahib4 ,8 ,symphony 9 ,c major1 fir/ he>d 9 #ahig1 enhanc$ 8 reputation :ile 8 or*e/ral s*]zo1 ,! ,sorc]]'s ,appr5tice1 also introduc$ 9 #ahig1 made him fam\s4 ,be+ exceptionally fa/idi\s & self-critical1 ,dukas did n produce _m compositions1 b ! be/ ( ^! are works s ari/ocratic 9 te*nique & subtle 9 musical cont5t t !y make a direct appeal only to sophi/icat$ music lov]s4 ,^! works include ! op]a ,ariane et ,b>be-bleue1 fir/ p]=m$ 9 ,p>is on ,may #aj1 #aijg2 ! ballet1 ,la ,pri1 introduc$ 9 ,p>is on ,april #bb1 #aiab2 & "s piano music4 ,t[>ds ! end ( 8 life1 ,dukas de/roy$ sev]al ( 8 e>li] works deem+ !m unsuitable = survival4 ,he 0 "o ( ,france's mo/ rev]$ musicians4 ,he 0 made ,*evali] ( ! ,legion ( ,honor 9 #aijf1 & 9 #aiah elect$ a memb] ( ! ,conseil de l'enseignem5t suprieur at ! ,p>is ,cons]vatory4 ,he di$ 9 ,p>is on ,may #ag1 #aice4 ,! ,sorc]]'s ,appr5tice 7,l',appr5ti sorci]71 s*]zo = or*e/ra 7#ahig71 is ,dukas' mo/ fam\s composition1 ! "o t made him kn[n ?r\gh\t ! _w ( music4 ,x is s witty1 s vivid 9 its pictorial writ+ t x has become a favorite ( bo? ! v "y & ! mature4 ,! program1 :i* ! music foll[s ) amaz+ lit]alness1 comes f ,goe!'s ballad ,d] ,zaub]lehrl+ :i*1 9 turn1 0 adapt$ f a fam\s folk tale4 ,! /ory goes some?+ l ?is3 ,an appr5tice to a magician has come ^u 8 ma/]'s secret =mula = turn+ a broom into a human be+ & mak+ x p]=m human tasks4 ,! appr5tice decides to try out ?is incantation = himself :ile ! ma/] is away1 & wat*es ) amazem5t z ! broom acquires human p[]s4 ,he ord]s ! broom to fet* wat]1 a comm& meekly obey$4 ,pail aft] pail ( wat] is c>ri$ into ! magician's %op by ! broom until ! place is rapidly be+ inundat$4 ,! appr5tice n[ tries to arre/ ! wat]-fet*+ activity ( ! broom1 b he does n "k ! prop] incantation to a*ieve ?is1 or to /rip ! broom ( its human p[]s4 ,9 t]ror1 ! appr5tice attacks ! broom ) a hat*et4 ,! broom1 split into two brooms1 n[ becomes two humans p]=m+ ! ritual ( br++ wat] into ! d54 ,9 despair1 ! appr5tice cries out = 8 ma/] :o arrives 9 "t to br+ ! broom back to its =m] inanimate /ate1 & to re/ore ord]4 ,! atmosph]e ( my/]y & peace prevail+ 9 ! magician's d5 is creat$ 9 ! op5+ measures ) a desc5d+ !me = mut$ viol9s1 :ile diff]5t woodw9ds give a h9t ( ! pr9cipal subject1 a rogui% tune describ+ ! sorc]]'s appr5tice2 ?is subject f9ally appe>s 9 ! d\ble bassoon1 & is !n repeat$ by ! full or*e/ra4 ,! call ( trumpets sugge/s ! incantation pron\nc$ by ! appr5tice2 a brisk !me = bassoons aga9/ pluck$ /r+s describes ! p>ade ( ! broom back & =? z x br+s ! wat]2 & arpeggio figures 9 ! or*e/ra depict ! wat] itself4 ,! music !n portrays ! m\nt+ t]ror ( ! appr5tice z he is unable to arre/ ! m>* ( ! broom4 ,aft] an ov]:elm+ climax1 at :i* po9t ! appr5tice splits ! broom into two ) a hat*et1 ! saucy m>* tune is d\bl$ to in=m u t two brooms are n[ at "w4 ,a %riek 9 ! or*e/ra simulates ! panic-/rick5 call ( ! appr5tice4 ,aft] ! ma/] arrives & sets ?+s 9 ord]1 ! music ( ! op5+ measures is repeat$ to sugge/ t once aga9 ! magician's d5 is p]vad$ by peace & my/]y4 ,! ,sorc]]'s ,appr5tice 0 made into an animat$ motion picture by ,walt ,disney1 ! ,dukas music p]=m$ on ! s\nd track by ! ,philadelphia ,or*e/ra "u ,/ok[ski2 x 0 "p ( a program collectively entitl$ ,fantasia :i* came to ,new ,york on ,novemb] #ac1 #aidj4 ,anton9 ,dvok ,anton9 ,dvok 0 born 9 ,muehlhaus51 ,bohemia1 on ,septemb] #h1 #ahda4 ,z a boy he /udi$ ! viol9 ) ! village s*oolma/]4 ,he subsequ5tly att5d$ ! ,organ ,s*ool 9 ,prague4 ,aft] complet+ 8 /udies1 he play$ 9 v>i\s or*e/ras 9 ,prague1 includ+ t ( ! ,national ,!at] f #ahfa to #ahga :]e he came "u ! influ5ce ( ,smetana1 fa!r ( ,bohemian national music4 ,dvok fir/ attract$ int]e/ z a compos] ) ,hymnus1 a *oral "w introduc$ 9 #ahgc4 ,two ye>s lat] he won ! ,au/rian ,/ate ,prize = a symphony1 & 9 #ahgh he became fam\s ?r\gh\t ,europe ) ! ,slavonic ,dances4 ,9 #ahhc he 0 appo9t$ organi/ ( ! ,/4 ,adalb]t ,*ur* 9 ,prague4 ,f #ahib to #ahie he 0 ! director ( ! ,national ,cons]vatory 9 ,new ,york4 ,dur+ ?is p]iod he 0 influ5c$ 9 8 compositions by ! folk music ( ! ,am]ican ,negro & ,indian4 ,f #aija until 8 dea? he 0 director ( ! ,prague ,cons]vatory4 ,he di$ 9 ,prague on ,may #a1 #aijd4 ,a prolific compos] ( op]as1 symphonies1 *amb] & piano music1 & songs1 ,dvok /ood 9 ! =efront ( ! ,romantic compos]s ( ! late #ai? c5tury & among ! lead+ expon5ts ( ,bohemian national music4 ,he 0 gift$ ) an expressive melodic gift1 a /rong & subtle rhy?mic pulse1 & an inv5tive h>monic language4 ,:atev] he wrote 0 *>g$ ) /rong emotional impulses1 :e!r he us$ ! /yle ( ,bohemian folk music or ^? ( ! ,am]ican ,negro & ,am]ican ,indian4 ,! ,c>nival ,ov]ture 7,c>neval71 writt5 9 #ahia1 is "o ( ?ree ov]tures plann$ by ! compos] z a cycle to portray 8?ree great creative =ces ( ! ,univ]se--,nature1 ,life1 & ,love40 ,a unify+ elem5t among !m 0 a melody int5d$ to describe ! 8un*angeable laws ( ,nature40 ,ev5tually1 ,dvok ab&on$ ?is plan & publi%$ ! ?ree ov]tures sep>ately1 call+ !m ,9 ,nature 7,9 d] ,natur71 op4 #ia1 ,c>nival1 op4 #ib1 & ,o!llo1 op4 #ic4 ,dvok himself provid$ a description ( ! music ( ,c>nival ,ov]ture4 ,he aim$ to describe 8a lonely1 contemplative w&]] rea*+ ! city at nightfall :]e a c>nival ( pleasure reigns supreme4 ,on e side is he>d ! clangor ( in/rum5ts1 m+l$ ) %\ts ( joy & ! unre/ra9$ hil>ity ( ! p giv+ v5t to _! feel+s 9 songs & dances40 ,! ov]ture beg9s ) a lively section portray+ ! gayety ( ! c>nival4 ,a subdu$ melody 9 ! viol9s br+s relaxation1 b ! hubbub soon returns4 ,ano!r g5tle episode depicts a pair ( lov]s 9 a seclud$ corn]2 ! pr9cipal melodic mat]ial 9 ?is "p is (f]$ by ! solo viol91 & by ! ,engli% horns & flutes4 ,! brilliant op5+ mat]ial returns4 ,x is ) ?is _s ( revelry t ! ov]ture ends4 ,! ,humoresque 9 ,g-flat major is ! sev5? 9 a set ( eight ,humoresques = piano 7#ahid74 ,?is delightful1 elegant piece ( music 9 ?ree-"p song =m has be5 transcrib$ n only = or*e/ra b = e possible in/rum5t or comb9ations ( in/rum5ts1 & is und\bt$ly ! mo/ popul> composition by ! compos]4 ,x 0 ,fritz ,kreisl]1 ! fam\s viol9 virtuoso1 :o help$ make ! "w s fam\s4 ,kreisl] visit$ ,dvok 9 #aijc & ask$ him = "s music4 ,dvok %[$ him a pile ( compositions1 mo/ ( x completely unkn[n4 ,among ^! 0 ! ,g-flat major ,humoresque4 ,kreisl] transcrib$ x = viol9 & piano1 introduc$ x at 8 conc]ts1 lat] record$ x1 & made x univ]sally popul>4 ,z we "k x today ! ,humoresque is n ! way ,dvok int5d$ x to s\nd4 ,dvok want$ x to be a light1 :imsical piece ( music1 a 8humoresque10 9 fa/ tempo4 ,kreisl] transcrib$ x 9 a sl[] tempo & m s5tim5tal mood2 & x is 9 ?is /yle t ,humoresque is n[ kn[n & lov$4 ,! ,indian ,lam5t is "o ( sev]al compositions by ,dvok influ5c$ by ! idioms ( ,am]ican-,indian music4 ,:ile s]v+ z director ( ! ,national ,cons]vatory 9 ,new ,york1 he paid a visit to ! t[n ( ,spillville1 ,i[a4 ,!re ?ree ,iroquois ,indians visit$ him & ent]ta9$ him ) au!ntic ,indian music4 ,dvok 0 s tak5 ) ?is /range & haunt+ lyricism1 & ! primitive rhy?ms1 t he wrote sev]al major works incorporat+ ^! idioms4 ,"o 0 a ,sonat9a 9 ,g major = viol9 & piano1 op4 #ajj 7#ahic74 ,its sl[ movem5t is a delicate song embody+ ! int]vallic peculi>ities ( au!ntic ,am]ican-,indian music4 ,fritz ,kreisl] edit$ ?is movem5t & nam$ x ,indian ,lam5t1 ! v]sion 9 :i* x has become fam\s4 ,gasp> ,cassad transcrib$ ?is movem5t = cello & piano4 ,dvok's ,l>go is ! second movem5t ( 8 ,symphony ,no4 #e 9 ,e m9or bett] kn[n z ! ,symphony f ! ,new ,_w 7#ahic74 ,?is is ! symphony writt5 by ,dvok dur+ 8 visit to ! ,unit$ ,/ates z director ( ! ,national ,cons]vatory4 ,"o ( 8 /ud5ts 0 ,h>ry ,t4 ,burleigh1 :o br\ght to 8 att5tion ! music ( ! ,negro ,spiritual4 ,^! melodies mov$ ,dvok s pr(\ndly t he urg$ ,am]ican compos]s to use ! /yle1 te*nique & p]sonality ( ^! ,negro songs z ! basis = national ,am]ican music4 ,z if to set an example1 ,dvok wrote sev]al compositions 9 :i* 8 own melodic writ+ 0 /rongly influ5c$ by ! ,negro ,spiritual4 ,! mo/ significant ( ^! 0 8 symphony1 :i* receiv$ its _w premire 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates 7at a conc]t ( ! ,new ,york ,philh>monic ,or*e/ra on ,decemb] #ae1 #ahic1 ,anton ,seidl conduct+74 ,! ma9 spaci\s1 poignant melody ( ! ,l>go movem5t--giv5 by ,engli% horn ov] /r+ h>monies aft] a few prelim9>y *ords--s /rongly simulates ! p]sonality ( a ,negro ,spiritual t x 0 long ?\ght t ,dvok 0 indulg+ 9 quotation4 ,?is is n true2 ! melody is ,dvok's own4 ,_m transcriptions ( ?is melody exi/4 ,"o is ! famili> song1 8,go9' ,home10 lyrics by ,william ,arms ,fi%] 7also "o ( ,dvok's pupils72 ano!r is a composition = viol9 & piano by ,fritz ,kreisl] call$ ,negro ,spiritual ,melody2 a ?ird is an adaptation = salon or*e/ra by ,sigmund ,romb]g4 ,?is ,l>go movem5t has two o!r melodies besides ! basic "o 9 ! ,negro-,spiritual /yle4 ,"o is he>d 9 flute & oboe1 & ! second 9 ! oboe4 ,! ,s*]zo ,capriccioso1 9 ,d-flat major1 op4 #ff 7#ahhc7 is "o ( ! compos]'s livelie/ & mo/ dynamic l>g] works = or*e/ra1 b 9 an idiom t is nei!r ,bohemian nor ,am]ican4 ,x is 9 two sections4 ,! fir/ is ! ,s*]zo1 op5+ ) an en]getic subject = horns t is a k9d ( a motto !me = ! entire "w4 ,! pr9cipal melody t foll[s is /at$ by full or*e/ra2 aft] t comes a waltz-l tune = viol9s4 ,! second "p ( ! composition1 a trio1 is introduc$ by an expressive melody = ,engli% horn4 ,a second>y !me !n comes 9 ! /r+s & w9d4 ,! pr9cipal idea ( ! fir/ section n[ receives ext5d$ treatm5t be=e ! second !me ( ! second "p returns 9 a modifi$ =m4 ,! "w ends ) a coda 9 :i* effective use is made ( ! op5+ motto subject4 ,dvok a*iev$ int]national fame = ! fir/ "t ) ! fir/ set ( eight ,slavonic ,dances1 op4 #df1 publi%$ 9 #ahgh4 ,he _h be5 recomm5d$ to ! publi%] ,simrock by ,brahms2 x 0 ! publi%] :o sugge/$ to ,dvok t he write ,slavonic dances simil> to ! ,hung>ian dances :i* ,brahms _h made s popul>4 ,dvok wrote 8 fir/ set = piano f\r-h&s2 b ^! in/antly prov$ s successful t ,simrock prevail$ on ,dvok to or*e/rate !m4 ,9 #ahhf1 ,dvok wrote a second set ( eight ,slavonic ,dances1 op4 #gb1 once aga9 bo? = f\r-h& piano & = or*e/ra4 ,?\gh ! melodies & h>monic s*emes 9 all ^! dances are ,dvok's1 !y h caught ! ess5ce ( ! ,slavonic folk song & dance1 & to su* a degree t _! au!ntic national "* has nev] be5 que/ion$4 ,k>el ,h(fmei/] wrote3 8,some?+ ( ! ,slavic "* speaks 9 e phrase ( !m--! /ormy high-spirit$ mood ( ! ,furiants2 ! :imsical m]rim5t1 ! *>m1 ! t\* ( coquettry1 ! ard5t t5d]ness ( ! lyrical passages40 ,! foll[+ are among ! be/ kn[n ( ^! dances3 ,c major1 op4 #df1 no4 #a4 ,a *ord su/a9$ ?r\gh "o measure is foll[$ by a :irlw9d pre/o passage4 ,aft] a sudd5 pianissimo we he> a second rhy?mic melody4 ,music ( a m s]5e "* appe>s 9 flute & /r+s aft] a *ange ( key4 ,a =ce climax is evolv$ to set ! /age = ! return ( ! op5+ :irlw9d subject4 ,e m9or1 op4 #df1 no4 #b4 ,a poignant melody is "h contra/$ ) a dynamic rhy?mic section4 ,fritz ,kreisl] transcrib$ ?is dance = viol9 & piano4 ,a-flat major1 op4 #df1 no4 #f4 ,a dance melody ) a /rong rhy?mic impulse is ! op5+ subject4 ,pianissimo *ords lead to a new virile subject1 b !re soon comes a decisive *ange ( mood ) two expressive melodies4 ,?is dance1 h[ev]1 ends dynamically4 ,g m9or1 op4 #df1 no4 #h4 ,?is is "o ( ! gaye/ ( ! ,slavonic dances1 alive 9 its electrify+ *anges ( dynamics & tonality4 ,e m9or1 op4 #gb1 no4 #b4 ,?is is "o ( ! be/ lov$ ( all ^! dances1 a song ( r>e s5sitivity & sadness1 only tempor>ily alleviat$ by ! m optimi/ic music ( ! middle section4 ,fritz ,kreisl] transcrib$ x = viol9 & piano4 ,a-flat major1 op4 #gb1 no4 #h4 ,"h1 z 9 ! prec$+ ,e m9or dance1 ! emphasis is on t5d]1 elegiac song 9 /r+s4 ,a dramatic middle section provides "s relief1 b ! g5tle mood9ess ( ! op5+ section soon returns4 ,fritz ,kreisl] transcrib$ x = viol9 & piano4 ,songs ,my ,"m ,taught ,me is "o ( ,dvok's mo/ celebrat$ songs4 ,x is "o ( sev5 gypsy songs1 bas$ on ,slavonic-gypsy folk idioms1 ga!r$ 9 op4 #ee 7#ahhj72 ! lyrics are by ,adolf ,heyduk4 ,?is no/algic1 delicate melody has enjoy$ num]\s transcriptions1 includ+ "o = viol9 & piano by ,fritz ,kreisl]1 & ano!r = cello & piano by ,alfr$ ,gru5feld4 ,sir ,edw>d ,elg> ,sir ,edw>d ,elg> 0 born 9 ,broadhea?1 ne> ,worce/]1 ,engl& on ,june #b1 #aheg4 ,he /udi$ ! organ ) 8 fa!r1 & ! viol9 ) ,adolf ,pollitz] 9 ,london4 ,9 #ahhe he succe$$ 8 fa!r z organi/ ( ,/4 ,george's ,*ur* 9 ,worce/]4 ,two ye>s aft] 8 m>riage to ,alice ,rob]ts1 :i* _h tak5 place 9 #ahhi1 he )drew to ,malv]n :]e he liv$ ! next ?irte5 ye>s1 devot$ completely to s]i\s composition4 ,sev]al *oral works 7 p]=m$ at v>i\s ,engli% fe/ivals be=e ,elg> a*iev$ out/&+ success1 fir/ ) ! ,enigma ,v>iations = symphony or*e/ra1 introduc$ 9 ,london 9 #ahii1 & !n ) 8 oratorio1 ,! ,dream ( ,g]ontius1 ^: premire took place 9 ,birm+ham 9 #aijj4 ,f !n on ,elg> assum$ a position ( fir/ importance 9 ,engli% music by virtue ( 8 two symphonies1 va/ am\nt ( or*e/ral1 *oral & *amb] music1 & songs4 ,he 0 g5]ally reg>d$ "o ( ! mo/ significant ,engli% compos]s s9ce ,purcell 9 ! #ag? c5tury4 ,elg> 0 knight$ 9 #aijd1 appo9t$ ,ma/] ( ! ,k+'s ,music 9 #aibd1 & made a b>onet 9 #aica4 ,he di$ 9 ,worce/]1 ,engl&1 on ,febru>y #bc1 #aicd4 ,x is n difficult to und]/& ,elg>'s enorm\s popul>ity4 ,toge!r ) an elegant s5se ( /ructure & /yle1 & a consummate musician%ip1 he _h a virtually inexhau/ible fund ( +ratiat+ lyricism4 ,8 be/ works are conceiv$ along traditional l9es4 ,!y are ,romantic 9 concept1 & poetic 9 cont5t4 ,^! qualities--& ) !m a mo/ +ratiat+ s5tim5t--are also f\nd 9 8 semi-classical pieces4 ,! ,bav>ian ,dances1 = or*e/ra1 come f ,! ,bav>ian ,highl&s1 a set ( *oral songs bas$ on ,bav>ian folk songs adapt$ by ,elg>'s wife1 ,alice1 & set = *orus ) piano & or*e/ra1 op4 #bg 7#ahie74 ,?ree folk tunes 7 subsequ5tly adapt$ by ! compos] = or*e/ra4 ,collectively call$ ,bav>ian ,dances1 ! individual dances 7 subtitl$ by ! compos] 8,! ,dance10 8,lullaby10 & 8,! ,m>ksman40 ,^! dances 7 fir/ introduc$ 9 ,london 9 #ahig & h s9ce enjoy$ univ]sal acceptance 9 "s cases = _! peasant rhy?mic vigor1 & 9 o!rs = _! atmosph]ic *>m4 ,! ,cockaigne ,ov]ture 7,9 ,london ,t[n71 = or*e/ra1 op4 #dj 7#aija7 describes ,london 8z repres5t$ by its p>ks & op5 spaces1 ! b&s m>*+ f ,knightsbridge to ,buck+ham ,palace1 ,we/m9/] ) its dignifi$ associations ( ,*ur* & ,/ate10 9 ! words ( ,sir ,george ,grove4 ,! compos] himself reveal$ he want$ to portray 9 8 music ! sights witness$ by a pair ( lov]s z !y /roll ?r\gh ! city4 ,! hubbub ( ! city is depict$ 9 ! op5+ measures1 foll[+ by an int5sely romantic section highlight$ by a broad melody = /r+s1 reflect+ ! feel+s ( ! lov]s z !y /op (f mom5t>ily to re/ 9 a public p>k4 ,!y cont9ue _! walk1 he> ! approa*+ music ( a brass b&1 !n ent] a *ur* :]e organ music is be+ play$4 ,! lov]s cont9ue _! walk4 ,! animat$ life ( ! city /reets once aga9 is reproduc$1 & ! e>li] romantic melody tell+ ( _! emotional ardor = ea* o!r is repeat$4 ,9 ! ,s\? 7,alassio71 a conc]t ov]ture = or*e/ra1 op4 #ej 7#aijd7 0 writt5 "o ,spr+ :ile ! compos] 0 vacation+ 9 s\!rn ,europe4 ,?is "w reflects ,elg>'s int5se love ( ,nature4 ,! foll[+ quotation appe>s 9 ! publi%$ score3 8,a l& :i* 0 ! mightie/ 9 its old comm& & is ! lovelie/2 :]e9 7 ca/ ! m5 ( ,rome4 ,?\ are ! g>d5 ( ! _w40 ,! ov]ture op5s ) a gay tune = cl>9ets1 horns1 viol9s & cellos4 ,x receives vigor\s treatm5t & enl>gem5t be=e a pa/oral section is giv5 by ! woodw9d & mut$ /r+s1 a description ( a %eph]d & 8 flock4 ,! ov]ture !n alt]nates betwe5 /ress & tranquillity1 ) great prom95ce be+ giv5 to ! %eph]d's melody4 ,a viola solo !n leads to ! recapitulation section4 ,pomp & ,circum/ance is a set ( five m>*es = symphony or*e/ra1 op4 #ci4 ,! compos]s want$ ^! m>*es to provide su* music ) symphonic dim5sions 9 ! same way t dance music 7polonaise or waltz1 etc47 acquir$ arti/ic /ature at ! h&s ( ,*op91 among o!rs4 ,! phrase 8pomp & circum/ance0 comes f ,%akespe>e's ,o!llo4 ,! five m>*es are 9 ! keys ( ,d major1 ,a m9or1 ,c m9or1 ,g major1 & ,c ,major4 ,! fir/ two 7 writt5 9 #aija2 ! ?ird1 9 #aije2 ! f\r? 9 #aijg2 & ! fif? 9 #aicj4 ,! mo/ fam\s ( ^! is ! second 9 ,a m9or1 "o ( ,elg>'s mo/ frequ5tly p]=m$ compositions1 & music z (t5 id5tifi$ ) ! ,briti% ,empire z 8,god ,save ! ,k+40 ,x op5s 9 a re/less1 vigor\s ve9 & erupts into a spaci\s melody = /r+s :i* ,laur5ce ,h\sman subsequ5tly set to lyrics 78,l& ( ,hope & ,glory074 ,elg> once aga9 us$ ?is same melody 9 8 ,coronation ,ode = ,k+ ,edw>d ,,vii 9 #aijb4 ,! op5+ brisk1 re/less music is recall$ aft] a full /atem5t ( ! melody4 ,! fir/ 9 ,d major has a vigor\s introduction aft] :i* unison /r+s come =? ) a robu/ m>* tune4 ,! op5+ introduction is subsequ5tly us$ z a transition to ! trio 9 :i* a so>+ melody is set aga9/ a uni=m rhy?mic beat4 ,! f\r? 9 ,g major1 kn[n z 8,song ( ,lib]ty10 is also famili>4 ,once aga9 ! op5+ consi/s ( spirit$ m>* music1 & once aga9 ! he>t ( ! composition is a broad & /ately melody = ! /r+s4 ,?is melody receives ext5d$ treatm5t :i* culm9ates ) a r\s+ /atem5t by ! full or*e/ra4 ,salut d'am\r1 = *amb] or*e/ra1 op4 #ab 7#ahhi7 is a no/algic & s5tim5tal piece ( music 9 ?ree-"p song =m t has become a salon favorite4 ,x is also fam\s 9 a transcription = viol9 & piano4 ,duke ,ell+ton ,edw>d ,k5n$y 8,duke0 ,ell+ton 0 born 9 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4,c4 on ,april #bi1 #ahii4 ,8 c>e] z a popul> musician began 9 8 adolesc5ce :5 he p]=m$ jazz pieces on ! piano 9 an ice-cream p>lor 9 ,wa%+ton1 & aft] t =m$ 8 own jazz gr\p4 ,9 #aibc he came to ,new ,york :]e he soon !reaft] =m$ a jazz b& :i* p]=m$ at ! ,k5tucky ,club 9 ,h>lem4 ,discov]$ by ,irv+ ,mills1 ! publi%]1 ,ell+ton 0 book$ = ! ,cotton ,club :]e he rema9$ sev]al ye>s & e/abli%$ 8 fame z an out/&+ expon5t ( real jazz--z piani/1 conductor ( 8 or*e/ra1 compos]1 & arrang]4 ,he has s9ce jo9$ ! all-"t greats ( jazz music1 acclaim$ 9 night clubs1 on ! ,broadway /age & ,hollywood scre51 ov] ! radio1 on records1 & 9 triumphant t\rs ?r\gh\t ! music _w4 ,z a compos] ,ell+ton is fam\s = 8 popul> songs 78,mood ,indigo10 8,sophi/icat$ ,lady0 & s =?7 & %ort in/rum5tal jazz pieces 7,black & ,tan ,fantasy1 ,creole ,rhapsody1 ,ea/ ,/4 ,l\is ,toodle-oo1 etc47 ,all ?is falls )9 ! prov9ce ( ei!r popul> music or jazz1 & = ?is reason _c be consid]$ "h4 ,ell+ton has also produc$ a ri* rep]tory ( l>g] works = or*e/ra :i* h a place 9 ! p]man5t libr>y ( semi-classical music 9 ! same way t ,g]%w9's l>g] works d4 ,skilfully utiliz+ ! fulle/ res\rces ( jazz te*niques1 /yles1 & idioms1 ,ell+ton has creat$ 9 ^! l>g] works an au!ntically ,am]ican music4 ,he himself pref]s to consid] _m ( ^! works z 8,negro music0 r ?an jazz2 nev]!less1 9 _! blues h>monies1 jazz colorations1 & melodic & rhy?mic te*niques ^! works repres5t$ jazz music at its v be/4 ,p]haps ! mo/ di/+ui%$ ( ^! symphonic-jazz works is ,black1 ,br[n & ,beige1 an ext5d$ "w :i* ,ell+ton introduc$ ) 8 or*e/ra 9 ,c>negie ,hall1 ,new ,york1 9 #aidc1 & :i* he describ$ z a 8tonal p>allel ( ! ,negro 9 ,am]ica40 ,! fir/ movem5t1 8,black10 is a musical picture ( ! ,negro at "w1 s++ at 8 labors on ! docks & levees 9 ! slav]y p]iod be=e ! ,civil ,w>4 ,an alto saxophone solo br+s on a plang5t ,spiritual1 8,come ,sunday40 ,! second movem5t1 8,br[n10 repres5ts ! w>s 9 :i* ,negroes h p>ticipat$4 ,a t5or solo s+s an eloqu5t blues ( ! unsettl$ condition ( ! ,negro aft] ! ,civil ,w>4 ,! contempor>y ,negro is ! inspiration = ! f9ale1 8,beige10 utiliz+ jazz idioms & /yles 9 portray+ ! p]iod ( ! ,tw5ties1 ,?irties & ,=ties4 ,_m facets ( ,negro life are drawn 9 brief musical episodes1 includ+ ! ,negro *ur* & s*ool1 & ! ,negro's aspiration t[>ds sophi/ication4 ,! "w ends on a patriotic note1 prophesy+ t ! ,negro's place 9 ! ,am]ican way ( life is secure4 ,georges ,enesco ,georges ,enesco 0 born 9 ,liv5i1 ,rumania1 on ,augu/ #ai1 #ahha4 ,he /udi$ ! viol9 at ! ,cons]vatories ( ,vi5na & ,p>is1 w9n+ highe/ honors 9 bo? places4 ,foll[+ ! completion ( 8 /udies 9 #ahii1 he laun*$ a successful c>e] bo? z conc]t viol9i/ & z compos]4 ,= sev]al ye>s he 0 ! c\rt viol9i/ to ! ,que5 ( ,rumania1 besides mak+ out/&+ly successful appe>ances on ! conc]t /age ?r\gh\t ,europe4 ,8 debut z compos] took place 9 ,p>is be=e 8 sixte5? bir?day1 ) a conc]t devot$ entirely to 8 own works4 ,success came 9 #aija ) 8 ,rumanian ,rhapsody ,no4 #a4 ,enesco also di/+ui%$ himself z a conductor4 ,:5 he made 8 ,am]ican debut--on ,janu>y #b1 #aibc ) ! ,philadelphia ,or*e/ra 9 ,new ,york ,city--x 0 9 ! triple role ( viol9i/1 conductor1 & compos]4 ,aft] ,_w ,w> ,i1 ,enesco divid$ 8 resid5ce betwe5 ,p>is & 8 native ,rumania :ile t\r+ ! music _w4 ,he made 8 la/ ,am]ican appe>ance 9 #aiej on ! occasion ( ! #fj? anniv]s>y ( 8 debut z viol9i/2 once aga9 he appe>$ 9 ! triple role ( viol9i/1 conductor & compos]4 ,he suff]$ a /roke 9 ,p>is 9 ,july #aied & di$ !re on ,may #d1 #aiee4 ,aft] 8 dea?1 8 native village1 & a /reet 9 ,bu*>e/1 7 nam$ aft] him4 ,enesco 0 ,rumania's =emo/ tw5tie?-c5tury compos]4 ,8 major compositions range freely ov] sev]al diff]5t /yles f nationalism1 to neo-classicism1 to ultra-mod]nism4 ,b ! works ) :i* he fir/ ga9$ _w fame1 & :i* h s9ce _h ! wide/ circulation1 are ^? 9 a national ,rumanian /yle1 ) ,ori5tal-l melodies & propulsive rhy?ms all model$ aft] ! exotic folk songs & dances ( ! ,rumanian gypsies4 ,9 su* a /yle are 8 two ,rumanian rhapsodies = or*e/ra3 ,no4 #a 9 ,a major1 op4 #aa1 no4 #a 7#aija72 ,no4 #b 9 ,d major1 op4 #aa1 no4 #b 7#aijb74 ,! fir/ rhapsody is ! "o play$ m (t54 ,x op5s ) a languor\s subject = cl>9et :i* is soon assum$ by o!r woodw9d1 !n by ! /r+s & aft] t 79 a quick5$ tempo7 by ! full or*e/ra4 ,a passionate gypsy tune foll[s 9 ! /r+s2 & ?is is succe$$ by an ab&on$ dance melody 9 fir/ viol9s & ! woodw9d1 & an ,ori5tal-type improvisation 9 solo flute4 ,n[ ! mood becomes m fr5etic1 ) a rapid succession ( :irl+ folk-dance tunes & rhy?ms t are c>ri$ to a brea?tak+ climax4 ,relaxation f9ally comes ) a g5tle ,ori5tal melody 9 cl>9et1 b ?is is only a pass+ phase4 ,! rhapsody ends 9 a r5ew$ outbur/ ( vitality4 ,9 comp>ison to ! fir/1 ! second rhapsody is an emotionally res]v$ piece ( music4 ,aft] a solemn decl>ation by ! /r+s1 !re comes an equally sob] & re/ra9$ folk song 9 ! /r+s4 ,! d>k mood ?us project$ becomes fur!r int5sifi$ ) a !me = ,engli% horn aga9/ tremolo /r+s & cont9ues ?r\gh\t mo/ ( ! rhapsody1 except = a brief int]polation ( a vigor\s dance melody by ! solo viola4 ,leo ,fall ,leo ,fall 0 born 9 ,olmuetz1 ,au/ria1 on ,febru>y #b1 #ahgc4 ,! son ( a milit>y b&ma/]1 he e>ly receiv$ music in/ruction f 8 fa!r4 ,!n1 aft] att5d+ ! ,vi5na ,cons]vatory1 he conduct$ !at] or*e/ras 9 ,b]l91 ,hamburg1 & ,cologne4 ,an op]a1 ,p>oli1 0 unsuccessfully produc$ 9 ,b]l9 be=e ,fall settl$ p]man5tly 9 ,vi5na to devote himself to ! writ+ ( ^? *>m+ op]ettas 9 an abundantly lyric ve9 & graceful1 sophi/icat$ mann] :i* ! ,au/rian capital favor$4 ,8 greate/ successes 7 ,! ,doll> ,pr9cess 9 #aijg1 ,! ,rose ( ,/amb\l 7,die ,rose von ,/ambul7 9 #aiaf1 & ,madame ,pompad\r 9 #aibc4 ,he di$ 9 ,vi5na on ,septemb] #ae1 #aibe4 ,fall's mo/ fam\s op]etta is ,! ,doll> ,pr9cess 7,die ,doll>pr9zess971 selections f :i* are (t5 giv5 on salon programs4 ,! ,doll> ,pr9cess--book by ,a4 ,m4 ,willn] & ,f4 ,gru5baum bas$ ^u a com$y by ,gatti-,tro?a--0 introduc$ 9 ,vi5na on ,novemb] #b1 #aijg4 ,its fir/ ,am]ican p]=mance took place on ,septemb] #f1 #aiji at ! ,knick]bock] ,!at] 9 an adaptation by ,george ,grossmi?1 ,jr4 ,"s songs by ,j]ome ,k]n 7 int]polat$ into ! ,new ,york production4 ,! 8doll> pr9cess0 is ! h]o9e ( ! op]etta3 ,alice ,c\d]1 pamp]$ daught] ( a ,new ,york coal magnate :o goes 9 pursuit ( ,fr$dy4 ,:5 at a lavi% p>ty at ! ,c\d] mansion %e braz5ly ann\nces h] int5tion ( m>ry+ ,fr$dy )\t previ\sly consult+ him1 he leaves h] 9 disgu/1 & goes (f to ,canada :]e he becomes a successful bus9ess man4 ,he _c =get ,alice1 h[ev]4 ,he br+s ! ,c\d]s to ,canada on a pretext ( discuss+ ) ! fa!r a bus9ess deal1 :5 he confesses 8 love to ,alice1 :o no long] is braz5 or arrogant4 ,a ,vi5nese op]etta mu/ by necessity h a major waltz numb]1 & ,! ,doll> ,pr9cess is no exception2 8,w sie dann lieb5 treu und heiss0 f ,act #a1 is ! mo/ important melody ( ! op]etta4 ,:5 o!r selections f ?is op]etta are giv5 !y inv>iably include also ! lilt+ title song f ,act #b1 & ! s$uctive little duet 8,wir tanz5 ,r+elreih'n h9 e9mal und h]40 ,manuel de ,falla ,manuel de ,falla1 ,spa9's mo/ significant tw5tie?-c5tury compos]1 0 born 9 ,cdiz on ,novemb] #bc1 #ahgf4 ,aft] /udy+ music ) private tea*]s 9 8 native city1 & ) ,j4 ,trag & ,felipe ,p$rell 9 ,madrid1 he complet$ 9 #aije ,la ,vida breve1 a "o-act op]a t receiv$ fir/ prize 9 a competition = native ,spani% op]as sponsor$ by ! ,academia de ,bellas ,artes4 ,f #aijg to #aiad he liv$ 9 ,p>is :]e he absorb$ ,fr5* musical influ5ces & became a fri5d ( ,debussy & ,ravel4 ,9 #aiad he 0 back 9 8 native l&2 f #aiba to #aici he liv$ a retir+ exi/5ce 9 ,granada1 devot+ himself to s]i\s composition4 ,he left 8 native l& 9 #aici because ( 8 dis5*antm5t ) ! ,franco regime :i* he _h orig9ally favor$4 ,until 8 dea? on ,novemb] #ad1 #aidf1 he liv$ 9 seclusion 9 ,alta ,gracia1 9 ! prov9ce ( ,crdoba1 9 ,arg5t9a4 ,falla's art is deeply emb$d$ 9 ! soil ( ,spani% folk songs & dance4 ,8 major works1 :i* numb] a m]e h&ful1 are all evocations ( ! _s ( ,spa9 9 music :i*1 ?\gh nev] a direct quotation f ,spani% s\rces1 is nev]!less ,spani% to ! core 9 details ( melody1 h>mony1 & rhy?m4 ,8 pr9cipal works include a h>psi*ord conc]to1 ,nights 9 ! ,g>d5s ( ,spa9 7,no*es en los j>d9es de ,espaa7 = piano & or*e/ra1 ! ballet ,el ,amor brujo1 & ! op]a ,! ,?ree-,corn]$ ,hat 7,el sombr]o de tres picos74 ,9 ,falla's mo/ effective national idiom are two popul> ,spani% dances4 ,! ,ritual ,fire ,dance 7,danza ritual del fuego7 is ! sev5? section f ! ballet1 ,el ,amor brujo 7#aiae74 ,trills ) ! se>+ int5sity ( hot flame lead into a languor\s ,spani% melody = ! oboe1 beh9d :i* moves an irresi/ible rhy?m4 ,?is is foll[$ by a second subject m int5se 9 mood1 l\dly proclaim$ by unison horns & aft] t repeat$ quietly by mut$ trumpets4 ,?r\gh\t1 ?is dance has an almo/ savage f]ocity1 ! music cont9ually punctuat$ by pi]c+ *ords2 ! dance is f9ally br\ght to a fr5etic conclusion4 ,! compos] himself made a highly effective transcription ( ?is dance = solo piano1 & ,gregor ,piatigorsky = cello & piano4 ,! ,spani% ,dance ,no4 #a comes f ! second act ( ! op]a1 ,la ,vida breve1 ) :i* ,falla fir/ a*iev$ recognition4 ,an impulsive rhy?mic op5+ s]ves z ! backgr\nd = a bold & s5sual gypsy melody = horns & /r+s4 ,! piece ends ) ri* *ords = full or*e/ra4 ,fritz ,kreisl] made a f9e transcription ( ?is dance = viol9 & piano4 ,gabriel ,faur ,gabriel-,urba9 ,faur 0 born 9 ,pami]s1 ,france1 on ,may #ab1 #ahde4 ,8 music /udy took place 9 ,p>is ) ,ni$]mey] & ,sa9t-,sans4 ,aft] t he s]v$ z organi/ 9 ,r5nes & ,p>is1 & held ! important po/ ( organi/ at ! ,madele9e ,*ur* 9 ,p>is f #ahif on4 ,9 #ahif he also became pr(essor ( composition at ! ,p>is ,cons]vatory :]e1 f #aije until #aibj1 he 0 director4 ,9 #aiji he 0 elect$ memb] ( ! ,acadmie des ,beaux ,arts1 & 9 #aiaj made ,comm&] ( ! ,legion ( ,honor4 ,9 ! la/ ye>s ( 8 life he suff]$ f deafness4 ,he di$ 9 ,p>is on ,novemb] #d1 #aibd4 ,faur 0 "o ( ,france's major compos]s1 creator ( a consid]able libr>y ( piano & *amb] music z well z works = symphony or*e/ra :i* includ$ ,pelleas & ,melis&e1 a suite 7#ahih7 & ! ,ballade = piano & or*e/ra 7#ahha74 ,8 music is fill$ ) classic beauty1 s]5ity1 & a mo/ delicate s5sibility & ?us makes an appeal only to a highly cultivat$ music lov]4 ,b a few ( 8 works h su* melodic *>m & appeal+ moods t !y _c fail to ca/ a spell ev5 on ! untra9$ li/5]4 ,aprs un rve is a song1 ! fir/ 9 a set ( ?ree publi%$ z op4 #g 7#ahhe71 lyrics by ,roma9 ,buss9e4 ,exquisite 9 its s5sitive lyricism1 ?is melody has become popul> 9 _m transcriptions1 "s = or*e/ra1 "o = viol9 & piano by ,mis*a ,elman1 & ano!r = cello & piano by ,pablo ,casals4 ,dolly 7#ahic-ahif7 is a suite ( six pieces = *ildr5 :i* ! compos] orig9ally wrote z a piano duet = ,dolly ,b>dac1 daught] ( a woman :o lat] became ,debussy's wife4 ,h5ri ,rabaud or*e/rat$ ?is suite 9 #aijf1 & x 0 fir/ p]=m$ 9 connection ) a ballet /ag$ at ! ,?tre des ,arts 9 ,p>is4 ,9 ?is music ! compos] looks back on *ildhood & ! _w ( ! *ild ) poetic insight & occasionally a g5tle s5se ( humor2 9 ?is respect ?is suite is n unlike ,*ildr5's ,corn] ( ,debussy4 ,x op5s ) 8,b]ceuse10 a g5tle melody = ! woodw9d1 :i* ,jacques ,?ibaud arrang$ = viol9 & piano4 ,?is is foll[$ by 8,mi-a-ou10 a little qu>tet = mut$ trumpets4 ,a flute solo dom9ates 8,le ,j>d9 de ,dolly10 :ile 8,kitty ,valse0 is a light & vivaci\s waltz tune4 ,9 8,t5dresse0 ! melody is fir/ he>d 9 /r+s4 ,a tranquil middle section pres5ts ! solo oboe above a h>p accompanim5t4 ,! clos+ movem5t1 8,le ,pas espagnol0 is gay & brilliant music t pays homage to ,*abri]1 compos] ( ,espaa4 ,! ,pavane1 = or*e/ra1 op4 #ej 7#ahhg7 is music ( /ately1 classic beauty ov] :i* hov]s ! ,hell5ic _s s (t5 f\nd 9 ,faur's mo/ significant works4 ,aga9/ an insi/5t rhy?m1 ! flute (f]s ! haunt+ refra9 ( ! ,pavane4 ,?is dance melody is soon %>$ by ! o!r woodw9d1 aft] :i* x unfolds completely 9 viol9s & ! woodw9d1 o!r /r+s provid+ a rhy?mic pizzicato accompanim5t4 ,a transition 9 ! /r+s !n leads u back to ! graceful mood & ! g5tle lyricism ( ! ,pavane melody4 ,! same subdu$ & classic repose we f9d 9 ! ,pavane di/+ui%es ano!r ( ,faur's popul> compositions1 ! ,sicili5ne1 = cello & piano1 op4 #gh 7#ahih74 ,transcriptions = or*e/ra ( ?is composition are ev5 m fam\s ?an ! orig9al v]sion4 ,fri$ri* ,flot[ ,fri$ri* ,freih]r von ,flot[ 0 born 9 ,teut5dorf1 ,meckl5burg1 on ,april #bf1 #ahab4 ,he 0 desc5d$ f a family t trac$ its nobility back sev]al c5turies4 ,aft] /udy+ music 9 ,p>is ) ,anton ,rei*a & ,johann ,pixis betwe5 #ahbh & #ahcj1 he wrote 8 fir/ op]a1 ,pet] und ,ka?>9a4 ,success came fir/ ) ,aless&ro ,/radella introduc$ 9 ,hamburg 9 #ahdd1 & 0 solidifi$ 9 #ahdg ) ! op]a by :i* he is /ill rememb]$1 ,m>?a4 ,f #ahef to #ahfc he 0 ,int5dant ( ! ,s*w]9 ,c\rt ,!at]4 ,he w5t into retirem5t 9 #ahhj & di$ 9 ,d>m/adt1 ,g]many1 on ,janu>y #bd1 #ahhc4 ,! ebulli5t melodies ) :i* ,flot[ flood$ 8 op]as made him extremely popul> 9 8 day4 ,?is same joy\s lyricism keeps ! ov]tures to ,aless&ro ,/radella & ,m>?a fre% 9 ! or*e/ral rep]tory4 ,aless&ro ,/radella--introduc$ 9 ,hamburg on ,decemb] #cj1 #ahdd--0 bas$ on a romantic episode 9 ! life ( a #ag? c5tury op]a compos]2 ! libretto 0 by ,wilhelm ,fri$ri*4 ,/radella elopes ) ,leonora1 ^: gu>dian hires assass9s to kill ! compos]4 ,b ,/radella's s++ has su* an effect on ! assass9s t !y are incapable ( murd]+ him4 ,!y let him g1 & 9 ! end ! gu>dian himself is mov$ to =give ! compos] & sanction 8 union ) ,leonora4 ,! ov]ture op5s ) a solemn *ant = ! brass 7,/radella's song 9 ! la/ act74 ,vigor\s transitional mat]ial leads to a robu/ song = full or*e/ra :i* is soon repeat$ expressively by ! /r+s4 ,a sprightly tune = /r+s 7! bell *orus ( ! second act7 is giv5 prom95t treatm5t & develop$ climactically4 ,! mood n[ alt]nates betwe5 lightness & gaiety ) an occasional intrusion ( a /rong dramatic effect4 ,m>?a receiv$ its premire 9 ,vi5na on ,novemb] #be1 #ahdg4 ,! libretto1 by ,fri$ri* ,wilhelm ,riese 0 bas$ on a ballet-pantomime by ,v]noy de ,sa9t-,georges4 8,m>?a0 is ,lady ,h>riet 9 disguise z a s]vant girl = ! sake ( an amus+ escapade2 & ! op]a is conc]n$ ) h] amatory adv5tures ) ,lionel1 & t ( h] maid ) ,plunkett1 at ! ,ri*mond fair4 ,! complications t ensue :5 ! m5 discov] ?is deception are ev5tually happily resolv$4 ,! ov]ture beg9s ) a sl[ introduction :i* leads into a ,l>ghetto section :]e consid]able att5tion is paid to ! ma9 melody ( ! qu9tet at ! close ( ! ?ird act1 8,mag d] ,himmel eu* v]geb540 ,! tempo quick5s z ! lively c\ntry dances ( ! op]a are pres5t$4 ,a cresc5do rea*es t[>ds a =tissimo re/atem5t ( ! ma9 !me ( ! ?ird-act qu9tet1 & ! ov]ture ends ) a brief & en]getic coda4 ,salon or*e/ras (t5 pres5t potp\rris ( ?is op]a's ma9 melodies4 ,two are always dom9ant 9 su* potp\rris4 8,! ,la/ ,rose ( ,summ]0 78,qui sola1 v]g9 rosa07--an aria sung by ! h]o9e 9 ! second act--is a melody famili> to all2 x is n by ,flot[1 b f an old ,iri% song1 8,! ,groves ( ,bl>ney10 set to a poem by ,?omas ,moore4 ,! second fam\s melody f ,m>?a is ! beautiful t5or aria f ! ?ird act1 8,m',app>i10 9 :i* ,lionel expresses 8 grief :5 he feels he has lo/ ,m>?a = good4 ,/eph5 ,fo/] ,/eph5 ,coll9s ,fo/]1 ,am]ica's =emo/ song compos]1 0 born 9 ,lawr5ceville1 ne> ,pittsburgh1 ,p5nsylvania on ,july #d1 #ahbf4 ,he receiv$ no =mal musical tra9+4 ,tioga ,waltz1 9 #ahda1 0 8 fir/ piece ( music to get p]=m$4 ,ab\t a ye> aft] t1 ,fo/] publi%$ 8 fir/ song1 8,op5 ,?y ,lattice1 ,love40 ,8 initial success came ) 8,oh1 ,susanna60 = :i* he receiv$ only #ajj4 ,b 8,oh1 ,susanna60 became s popul> soon aft] its publication 9 #ahdh t x became ! !me song 7) improvis$ lyrics7 ( ! ,=ty ,n9]s on _! way to ,cali=nia4 ,beg9n+ ) #ahdh he wrote songs = ,ed ,*ri/y's ,m9/rels--at fir/ all[+ "s ( !m to appe> z ,*ri/y's own creations4 ,x 0 )9 ! context ( ! m9/rel %[ t su* p]man5t ,fo/] favorites z 8,campt[n ,races0 & 8,old ,folks at ,home0 7 fir/ p]=m$4 ,bo? songs 7 out/&+ly successful &1 because ( a favorable contractual arrangem5t ) a ,new ,york publi%]1 ,fo/] 0 e>n+ h&some royalties4 ,n[ feel+ f9ancially secure1 ,fo/] m>ri$ ,jane ,d5ny ,mc,dowell 9 #ahej1 a relation%ip t 0 unhappy almo/ f ! beg9n+4 ,9 #ahfj ,fo/] came to ,new ,york ) ! hope ( fur!r+ 8 c>e] z a compos]4 ,b by n[ he 0 virtually =gott5 by ! public1 & publi%]s paid him only a pittance = 8 la/ songs1 _m ( !m mo/ly hack pieces4 ,always dispos$ t[>ds alcohol1 ,fo/] n[ became a habitual drunk>d1 liv+ 9 ! mo/ abject pov]ty 9 a mis]able room on ! ,b[]y4 ,he di$ at ,bellevue ,hospital on ,janu>y #ac1 #ahfd4 ,fo/] 0 ! compos] ( num]\s songs :i* 9 v>i\s or*e/ral arrangem5ts are basic to ! rep]tory ( e salon or pop or*e/ra4 ,8 greate/ songs 7 inspir$ by ! ,negro2 !y are ! eloqu5t expressions ( ,nor!rn s5tim5t ab\t slav]y 9 ! ,s\?4 ,fo/]'s mo/ fam\s ,negro songs are3 8,old ,folks at ,home0 7or 8,swanee ,riv]071 8,massa's 9 de ,cold1 ,cold ,gr\nd10 8,my ,old ,k5tucky ,home10 & 8,ol' ,black ,joe40 ,:5 ,fo/] fir/ wrote 8,old ,folks at ,home0 8 inspiration 0 an obscure ,florida ,riv] by ! "n ( 8,p$ee40 ,b :ile writ+ 8 song he ?\ght 8,p$ee0 n suffici5tly euphoni\s = 8 purpose4 ,he w5t to a map ( ,florida to f9d ano!r riv]1 came ^u 8,suwanee0 :i* he contract$ to 8,swanee40 ,fo/] 0 also successful 9 ! writ+ ( s5tim5tal ballads4 ,"h 8 mo/ important songs 7 8,jeanie ,) ! ,light ,br[n ,hair0 7writt5 = & ab\t 8 wife71 & 8,beautiful ,dream]40 ,besides or*e/ral adaptations ( individual songs1 ,fo/]'s music is repres5t$ on or*e/ral programs by skilful suites1 or +5i\s symphonic transcriptions ( individual songs1 by o!r compos]s4 ,arcady ,dub5sky's ,/eph5 ,fo/] ,suite is discuss$ 9 ! section on ,dub5sky1 & ,luci5 ,caillet's ,fantasia & ,fugue on 8,oh1 ,susanna60 9 ! ,caillet section4 ,o!r compos]s to make symphonic use ( ,fo/]'s melodies are3 ,m>io ,ca/elnuovo-,t$esco 7,humoresques on ,fo/] ,!mes72 ,morton ,guild 7,fo/] ,gall]y72 & ,alan ,%ulman 7,oh1 ,susanna674 ,rudolf ,friml ,rudolf ,friml 0 born 9 ,prague1 ,cze*oslovakia1 on ,decemb] #g1 #ahgi4 ,he receiv$ 8 musical tra9+ at ! ,prague ,cons]vatory1 aft] :i* he t\r$ ,europe & ,am]ica z assi/+ arti/ & accompani/ = ,jan ,kubelik1 ! not$ viol9 virtuoso4 ,9 #aijf1 ,friml e/abli%$ p]man5t resid5ce 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 mak+ sev]al appe>ances z conc]t piani/1 twice 9 ! p]=mance ( 8 own ,conc]to 9 ,b-flat4 ,he n[ publi%$ piano pieces1 in/rum5tal numb]s1 & songs :i* attract$ ! int]e/ ( two publi%]s1 ,gus ,s*irm] & ,max ,dreyfus4 ,:51 9 #aiab1 ,victor ,h]b]t /epp$ out ( an assignm5t to write ! music = ! op]etta ,! ,firefly1 bo? ,s*irm] & ,dreyfus recomm5d$ ,friml z 8 replacem5t4 ,! ,firefly made ,friml fam\s4 ,until #aicd he cont9u$ writ+ music = ! ,broadway /age1 a*iev+ fur!r triumphs ) ,rose ,m>ie 9 #aibd1 ,! ,vagabond ,k+ 9 #aibe1 & ,! ,?ree ,muskete]s 9 #aibh4 ,aft] #aicd1 ,friml conc5trat$ 8 activity on motion pictures 9 ,hollywood4 ,friml belongs ) ^? ,broadway compos]s ( ! e>ly #bj? c5tury ^: doma9 0 ! op]etta modell$ aft] ,g]man & ,au/rian patt]ns4 ,z long z ! op]etta 0 popul> on ! ,broadway /age1 ,friml rema9$ a favorite1 = 8 +ratiat+ melodies1 pleas+ s5tim5tality1 w9n+ *>m1 & /rong romantic flair 7 9 ! be/ traditions ( ! op]etta !at]4 ,b :5 ! vogue = op]ettas di$ d[n & ! call came = ,am]ican musicals ) native sett+s & *>act]izations1 reali/ic approa*es1 & a great] cohesion betwe5 text & music1 ,friml's day 0 ov]4 ,he has produc$ no?+ ( significance s9ce ! middle #aicj's1 & v little ( any?+ else4 ,b ! music he wrote = 8 be/ op]ettas has nev] lo/ its appeal4 ,! ,firefly1 book & lyrics by ,otto ,h>ba*1 0 introduc$ 9 ,new ,york on ,decemb] #b1 #aiab4 ,! plot conc]n$ a little ,italian /reet s+] by ! "n ( ,n9a 7en*ant+ly play$ by ,emma ,tr5t9i74 ,%e disguises h]self z a boy to get a job abo>d a ya*t b\nd = ,b]muda1 & is fir/ accus$ & !n cle>$ ( ! *>ge ( be+ a pickpocket4 ,_m ye>s lat] %e reappe>s z a fam\s prima donna :5 %e is f9ally able to w9 ! weal?y "y man ) :om %e _h fall5 9 love :ile work+ on ! ya*t4 ,or*e/ral potp\rris f ,! ,firefly always include ?ree ( ! songs ,emma ,tr5t9i help$ to make fam\s3 8,giann9a ,mia10 8,! ,dawn ( ,love0 & 8,love is ,l a ,firefly40 ,! melodi\s duet1 8,sympa?y10 is also popul>4 ,! ,donkey ,s]5ade1 n[ reg>d$ z "o ( ! favorites f ,! ,firefly score1 0 n 9 ! orig9al op]etta :5 x 0 produc$ on ,broadway4 ,friml wrote x 9 collaboration ) ,h]b]t ,/o?>t = ! motion picture adaptation ( ! op]etta releas$ 9 #aicg & />r+ ,jeanette ,mac,donald & ,allan ,jones4 ,?is appeal+ ,spani%-type melody is set aga9/ an intrigu+ rhy?m sugge/+ ! jogg+ movem5t ( a donkey2 ?is rhy?m prec$es & closes ! numb]1 :i* has become z celebrat$ 9 an in/rum5tal v]sion z x is z a song ) lyrics by ,*et ,=re/ & ,bob ,:ite4 ,rose ,m>ie1 book & lyrics by ,otto ,h>ba* & ,osc> ,hamm]/e9 ,,ii1 came to ,broadway on ,septemb] #b1 #aibd :]e x rema9$ = m ?an a ye>4 ,! re/ ( ! c\ntry became acqua9t$ ) ?is lovable op]etta at t "t by means ( f\r road companies4 ,! sett+ is ! ,canadian ,rockies1 & ! love int]e/ involves ,rose ,m>ie & ,jim1 ! latt] falsely accus$ ( murd]4 ,! ,canadian ,m\nt$ ,police1 head$ by ,s]geant ,malone1 help to cle> ,jim & to br+ ! love affair ( ,rose ,m>ie & ,jim to a happy resolution4 ,selections 9 or*e/ral adaptations mo/ (t5 he>d f ?is op]etta include two ( ,friml's mo/ fam\s songs1 ! title numb] & 8,indian ,love ,call02 a ?ird delightful song 0 f\nd 9 8,totem ,tom ,tom40 ,rose ,m>ie 0 adapt$ = motion pictures ?ree times1 once 9 a sil5t v]sion4 ,! ,vagabond ,k+ _h = its c5tral "* ! ,fr5* vagabond poet ( ! #ae? c5tury1 ,franois ,villon1 :o is made k+ = a day4 ,?is musical 0 bas$ on ! romance ( ,j4 ,h4 ,mc,carthy1 ,if ,i ,7 ,k+1 adapt$ by ,brian ,hook]4 ,! ,vagabond ,k+1 :i* op5$ on ,septemb] #ba1 #aibe1 0 "o ( ,friml's greate/ successes1 ma9ly because ( su* r\s+ numb]s z 8,! ,song ( ! ,vagabonds10 ! c>ess+ waltz melody 8,waltz ,huguette10 & ! love song 8,only a ,rose10 all (t5 he>d 9 or*e/ral adaptations4 ,! ,vagabond ,k+ 0 made into motion pictures twice1 mo/ rec5tly 9 #aief />r+ ,ka?ryn ,grayson & ,ore/e4 ,julius ,fuk ,julius ,fuk 0 born 9 ,prague1 ,cze*oslovakia1 on ,july #ah1 #ahgb4 ,he 0 a pupil ( ,anton9 ,dvok 9 composition4 ,aft] play+ ! bassoon 9 ! ,g]man ,op]a 9 ,prague 9 #ahic1 he became b&ma/] ( ! #hf? & #ibnd ,au/rian ,regim5ts 9 :i* he won r5[n ?r\gh\t ,europe4 ,he di$ 9 ,leitm]itz1 ,cze*oslovakia1 on ,septemb] #be1 #aiaf4 ,fuk wrote num]\s dance pieces & m>*es = b&4 ,! mo/ popul> ( ^! is ! /irr+ m>*1 ,entrance ( ! ,gladiators1 :i* became popul> ?r\gh\t ! _w & is /ill frequ5tly play$ by salon or*e/ras z well z b&s4 ,sir ,edw>d ,g]man ,sir ,edw>d ,g]man 0 born ,edw>d ,g]man ,jones 9 ,:it*ur*1 ,engl&1 on ,febru>y #ag1 #ahfb4 ,he att5d$ ! ,royal ,academy ( ,music 9 ,london :]e1 9 #ahie1 he 0 elect$ ,fell[4 ,mean:ile1 9 #ahhh-ahhi he became ! musical director ( ! ,globe ,!at] 9 ,london4 ,! incid5tal music he wrote !re t ye> = ,ri*>d ,mansfield's production ( ,ri*>d ,,iii prov$ s popul> t ,sir ,h5ry ,irv+ commission$ him to write simil> music = 8 own pres5tation ( ,h5ry ,,viii4 ,g]man subsequ5tly wrote incid5tal music = _m o!r plays includ+ ,romeo & ,juliet 7#ahie71 ,z ,y ,l ,x 7#ahif71 ,mu* ,ado ,ab\t ,no?+ 7#ahih7 & ,nell ,gwynn 7#aijj74 ,he also produc$ a consid]able am\nt ( conc]t music1 includ+ two symphonies & v>i\s suites1 tone poems1 rhapsodies1 & a m>* & hymn = ! ,coronation ( ,george ,v 9 #aiaa4 ,g]man 0 knight$ 9 #aibh1 & 9 #aicd he receiv$ ! ,gold ,m$al ( ! ,royal ,philh>monic ,society4 ,he di$ 9 ,london on ,novemb] #aa1 #aicf4 ,g]man is mo/ fam\s = 8 incid5tal music = ! /age4 ,he comb9$ a graceful lyricism ) a consummate skill 9 or*e/ration4 ,he also possess$ to a rem>kable degree ! capacity ( simulat+ ! ar*aic idioms ( old ,engli% music ( ! ,tudor & ,/u>t p]iods4 ,?us ! greate/ *>m ( 8 writ+ lies 9 its subtle atmosph]ic recreation ( a bygone era2 b a lightness ( t\* & fre%ness ( mat]ial are nev] sacrific$4 ,( 8 incid5tal music p]haps ! mo/ fam\s is t = ,%akespe>e's ,h5ry ,,viii1 introduc$ at ! ,lyceum ,!at] 9 ,london 9 #ahib 9 ,sir ,h5ry ,irv+'s production4 ,g]man's complete score consi/s ( an ov]ture1 five entr'actes1 a sett+ ( ! song 8,orpheus & 8 ,lute0 & o!r pieces4 ,b :at rema9 popul> are ?ree delightful old ,engli% dances f ! fir/ act2 ! /yle & _s ( old ,engli% music are "h reproduc$ ) extraord9>y effect4 ,! ?ree are3 8,morris ,dance10 8,%eph]d's ,dance10 & 8,tor* ,dance40 ,! be/ sections ( 8 incid5tal music to ,an?ony ,hope's ,nell ,gwynn1 produc$ at ! ,pr9ce ( ,wales ,!at] 9 #aijj1 also are revivals ( old ,engli% dances3 8,c\ntry ,dance10 8,m]rymak]'s ,dance10 & 8,pa/oral ,dance40 ,o!r delightful dances1 (t5 9 an old ,engli% folk /yle1 are f\nd 9 8 incid5tal music to ,z ,y ,l ,x 78,*ildr5's ,dance10 8,ru/ic ,dance10 & 8,woodl& ,dance07 & ,romeo & ,juliet 78,pavane0 & 8,tor* ,dance074 ,g]man also wrote sev]al op]ettas1 ! mo/ fam\s be+ ,m]rie ,engl&1 text by ,basil ,hood1 fir/ p]=m$ at ! ,savoy ,!at] 9 ,london on ,april #b1 #aijb4 ,! sett+ is ,elizabe?an ,engl&1 & ! plot involves ! love affair ( ,sir ,walt] ,raleigh & ! ,que5's ,maid ( ,honor :i* upsets ,que5 ,elizabe? s9ce %e h]self has designs on ,sir ,walt]4 ,g]man's score is fill$ ) ! mo/ delightful old _w jigs1 c\ntry dances1 glees1 & melodies imitat+ ! /yle ( old-"t madrigals4 ,9 addition1 !re is "h an impressive patriotic song 78,! ,yeom5 ( ,engl&071 ,que5 ,elizabe?'s effective air 78,o ,peaceful ,engl&071 a r\s+ dr9k+ song by ,sir ,walt] ,raleigh1 a poignant ballad by ! ,maid ( ,honor1 & an equally mov+ love duet by ! ,maid ( ,honor & ,sir ,walt] ,raleigh4 ,because ( its effective music1 ri* ) ,engli% flavors1 ,m]rie ,engl& has surviv$ z "o ( ! mo/ popul> ,engli% op]ettas ( ! #bj? c5tury1 & has (t5 be5 reviv$ 9 ,london4 ,among ,g]man's _m conc]t works = or*e/ra "o ( ! mo/ fam\s is ! ,wel% ,rhapsody 7#aijb74 ,?is is a skilful symphonic adaptation ( ,wel% tunes1 ! la/ ( :i* 78,m5 ( ,l>e*07 is utiliz$ by ! compos] to br+ 8 rhapsody to a p[]ful culm9ation4 ,! o!r ,wel% folk songs us$ e>li] by ! compos] 9 ?is rhapsody are 8,l\dly ,proclaim ,o'er ,l& & ,sea10 8,hunt+ ! ,h>e10 8,bells ( ,ab]dorry0 & 8,david ( ! ,:ite ,rock40 ,george ,g]%w9 ,george ,g]%w9 0 born 9 ,brooklyn1 ,new ,york on ,septemb] #bf1 #ahih4 ,?\gh he receiv$ s]i\s musical tra9+ 9 piano f ,*>les ,hambitz]1 & 9 h>mony & !ory f ,edw>d ,kil5yi1 he e>ly set 8 sights on popul> r ?an s]i\s music4 ,:5 he 0 fifte5 he f\nd a job z song plugg] & /aff piani/ 9 ,t9 ,pan ,alley :]e he soon began writ+ songs4 ,! fir/ to get publi%$ 0 8,:5 ,y ,want ',em ,y ,c't ,get ',em0 9 #aiaf2 9 ! same ye> ano!r ( 8 songs1 8,! ,mak+ ( a ,girl0 appe>$ = ! fir/ "t on ! ,broadway /age1 9 ,! ,pass+ ,%[ ( #aiaf4 ,g]%w9's fir/ complete score = ,broadway 0 ,la1 ,la1 ,lucille1 & 8 fir/ sma% song hit 0 8,swanee10 bo? 9 #aiai4 ,betwe5 #aibj & #aibd ,g]%w9 wrote ! music = five editions ( ! ,george ,:ite ,sc&als :]e he fir/ demon/rat$ 8 exceptional creative gifts2 8 mo/ fam\s songs = ! ,sc&als 7 8,i'll ,build a ,/airway to ,p>adise0 & 8,somebody ,loves ,me40 ,= "o ( ! editions ( ! ,sc&als he also wrote a "o-act ,negro op]a to a libretto by ,buddy ,de ,sylva--orig9ally call$ ,blue ,monday b lat] retitl$ #ace? ,/reet4 ,late 9 #aibc1 ,paul ,:iteman1 ! or*e/ra lead]1 commission$ ,g]%w9 to write a symphonic "w 9 a jazz /yle = a conc]t ,:iteman 0 plann+ = ,aeolian ,hall1 9 ,new ,york4 ,t jazz composition--introduc$ on ,febru>y #ab1 #aibd--0 ! ,rhapsody 9 ,blue ) :i* ,g]%w9 a*iev$ _w r5[n1 & :i* once & = all e/abli%$ ! jazz idiom & jazz te*niques z significant mat]ial = s]i\s musical deploym5t4 ,f !n on1 until ! end ( 8 life1 ,g]%w9 cont9u$ to write conc]t music 9 a popul> /yle--gr[+ all ! "t 9 te*nical assurance1 9 ! comm& ( jazz mat]ials1 & 9 ! inv5tiv5ess ( 8 melodic1 rhy?mic1 & h>monic writ+4 ,9 ! eyes ( ! _w he assum$ a position ( fir/ significance among ,am]ican compos]s4 ,= ! symphony or*e/ra he wrote ! ,piano ,conc]to 9 ,f1 ,an ,am]ican 9 ,p>is1 ,cuban ,ov]ture1 ,v>iations on ,i ,got ,rhy?m1 & ! ,second ,rhapsody2 = solo piano1 ! ?ree piano preludes2 = ! /age 8 monum5tal folk op]a1 ,porgy & ,bess4 ,:ile devot+ himself to ! conc]t field1 ,g]%w9 did n neglect ! popul> ,broadway !at]4 ,he produc$ a libr>y ( rem>kable songs = su* productions z ,lady ,be ,good 7#aibd71 ,oh ,kay6 7#aibf71 ,funny ,face 7#aibg71 & ,girl ,crazy 7#aicj74 ,! be/ ( ^! includ$ 8,fasc9at+ ,rhy?m10 8,lady ,be ,good10 8,someone to ,wat* ,ov] ,me10 8,clap ,yo' ,h&s10 8',s ,wond]ful10 8,i ,got ,rhy?m10 8,embraceable ,y10 & 8,b ,n = ,me40 ,! lyrics = ^! & o!r ,g]%w9 song classics 7 writt5 by 8 bro!r1 ,ira4 ,9 #aicj ,g]%w9 reveal$ a fre% b5t = mock]y & satire1 toge!r ) a new skill = m spaci\s musical writ+ ?an t requir$ = a song1 9 ,/rike ,up ! ,b&1 a satire on w>4 ,^! qualities 9 ,g]%w9's music came to full rip5ess 9 #aica ) ! political satire ,( ,!e ,i ,s+61 ! fir/ musical ev] to w9 ! ,pulitz] ,prize = drama4 ,9 #aica1 ,g]%w9 wrote 8 fir/ orig9al score = motion pictures1 ,delici\s4 ,:5 he return$ to ,hollywood 9 #aicf he settl$ !re p]man5tly & wrote ! music = sev]al delightful scre5 musicals1 among ^! be+ ,damsel 9 ,di/ress1 ,%all ,we ,dance1 & ,! ,goldwyn ,follies4 ,! songs he wrote = ! la/-nam$ revue 7!y includ$ 8,love ,walk$ ,90 & 8,love ,is ,"h to ,/ay07 7 ! la/ pieces ( music he 0 de/9$ to write4 ,he di$ 9 ,hollywood1 ,cali=nia on ,july #aa1 #aicg1 a victim ( a cy/ic tumor on ! "r temporal lobe ( ! bra94 ,8 scre5 biography1 ,rhapsody 9 ,blue1 0 produc$ 9 #aide4 ,9 #aiea1 ! scre5 musical1 ,an ,am]ican 9 ,p>is 7^: score includ$ sev]al ( ,g]%w9's songs z well z ! tone poem t gave ?is picture its title7 receiv$ ! ,academy ,aw>d z ! be/ picture ( ! ye>4 ,porgy & ,bess 0 adapt$ = motion pictures1 9 a ,samuel ,goldwyn production1 9 #aiei4 ,x w\ld be difficult to ov]e/imate ,g]%w9's importance 9 ,am]ican music4 ,to ! popul> song he br\ght ! te*nical skill ( a consummate musician1 end[+ x ) a rhy?mic1 melodic & h>monic language x _h r>ely be=e kn[n4 ,by t process he (t5 lift$ x to ! /atus ( true art4 ,to s]i\s music he contribut$ ! vitality & ! _s--z well z ! te*niques & idioms--( ,am]ican popul> music2 s]i\s musicians ?r\gh\t ! _w 7 inspir$ by 8 example to create a s]i\s musical art out ( ! mat]ials ( ,am]ican popul> music4 ,s9ce 8 untimely dea?1 8 arti/ic /ature has gr[n 9 all p>ts ( ! civiliz$ _w4 ,!re w be few today to d5y him a place ( honor among ,am]ica's =emo/ compos]s4 ,an ,am]ican 9 ,p>is is a tone poem = symphony or*e/ra inspir$ by a ,european vacation 9 #aibh4 ,x receiv$ its _w premire 9 ,new ,york on ,decemb] #ac1 #aibh1 ,walt] ,damros* conduct+ ! ,new ,york ,philh>monic ,or*e/ra4 ,9 ?is music ! compos] describes ! no/algia ( an ,am]ican t\ri/ = home1 & 8 exp]i5ces z he /rolls along ! b\lev>ds ( ,p>is4 ,x op5s ) a 8walk+ !me10 a sprightly little tune = /r+s & oboe2 our ,am]ican is beg9n+ 8 /roll4 ,z he walks he he>s ! pi]c+ w>n+s ( taxi horns3 ,g]%w9's score calls = ! use ( actual ,p>isian taxi horns4 ,! ,am]ican passes a caf1 & /ops = a mom5t to li/5 to ! s\nds ( a music-hall melody1 pres5t$ by ! trombones4 ,!n he resumes 8 /roll1 z a second walk+ subject is he>d 9 ! cl>9et4 ,a solo viol9 7:i* ,deems ,taylor int]pret$ z a "y lady acco/+ our t\ri/67 provides a transition to two ma9 melodies 9 bo? ( :i* ! ,am]ican's gr[+ feel+ ( homesickness f9ds apt expression4 ,! fir/ is a blues melody = mut$ trumpets2 ! second a ,*>le/on melody = two trumpets4 ,! blues melody receives climactic treatm5t 9 full or*e/ra4 ,aft] a ha/y recollection ( ! second walk+ !me1 ! composition comes to a vigor\s conclusion4 ,z ,mr4 ,taylor goes on to expla91 ! t\ri/ n[ decides 8to make a night ( x4 ,x w be great to get home1 b mean:ile1 ?is is ,p>is60 ,! ,conc]to 9 ,f1 = piano & or*e/ra1 0 ! imm$iate consequ5ce ( ,g]%w9's ph5om5al success ) ! ,rhapsody 9 ,blue4 ,! ,conc]to 0 commission$ 9 #aibe by ! ,new ,york ,symphony ,society & its conductor1 ,walt] ,damros*4 ,!y introduc$ x 9 ,c>negie ,hall1 on ,decemb] #c1 #aibe1 ) ! compos] z soloi/4 ,?is "w1 l its em95t pr$ecessor1 is 9 a jazz /yle2 b unlike ! fir/ v]sion ( ! ,rhapsody 9 ,blue x boa/s ,g]%w9's own or*e/ration4 7,f ?is "t on ,g]%w9 w\ld always prep>e 8 own or*e/rations = 8 s]i\s conc]t music47 ,!re are ?ree movem5ts4 ,! fir/ 7,allegro7 beg9s ) a ,*>le/on !me %>$ by ! woodw9d & timpani4 ,! ma9 body ( ?is movem5t is giv5 ov] to a spicy jazz tune fir/ he>d 9 ! bassoon & aft] t 9 full or*e/ra2 to a t5d] melody = solo piano2 & to a lilt+ waltz = /r+s ) decorative treatm5t by ! piano4 ,! second movem5t 7,&ante con moto7 is lyrical ?r\gh\t1 & at times subtly atmosph]ic & poetic4 ,mut$ trumpet1 aga9/ h>monies provid$ by ?ree cl>9ets1 set ! romantic /age = ! felicit\s lyrical ?\ghts t ensue3 a brisk1 jazzy1 /rik+ly rhy?mic idea = ! piano2 & a broad1 s5sual melody = /r+s4 ,?is movem5t ends 9 ! same s5sitive atmosph]ic mood ) :i* x began4 ,9 ! f9ale 7,allegro con brio7 dynamic =ces are releas$4 ,ma9 !mes f ! fir/ two movem5ts are recall$ ) a p>ticul>ly effective recapitulation ( ! second !me ( ! fir/ movem5t 9 ! /r+s4 ,! ,cuban ,ov]ture 0 writt5 9 #aicb aft] a brief visit to ,havana & 0 introduc$ at ! ,lewisohn ,/adium 9 ,new ,york1 ,alb]t ,coates conduct+1 on ,augu/ #af1 #aicb4 ,?is is a conc]t ov]ture = or*e/ra utiliz+ native p]cussion ,cuban in/rum5ts4 ,! "w has ?ree sections play$ )\t int]ruption4 ,! fir/ consi/s ( two melodies1 a ,cuban !me 9 /r+s foll[$ by a second lyrical subject :i* is plac$ aga9/ ! contrapuntal backgr\nd ( fragm5ts f ! fir/ ,cuban !me4 ,a solo cl>9et cad5za leads to ! middle section :i* is a two-voice canon4 ,! ensu+ f9ale makes consid]able use ( e>li] !matic mat]ial & ends ) an electrify+ pres5tation ( a fully project$ rumba melody 9 :i* prom95t use is made ( ,cuban p]cussion in/rum5ts 7cuban /ick1 bongo1 g\rd1 & m>acas74 ,! folk op]a1 ,porgy & ,bess1 0 ,g]%w9's la/ "w 9 ! field ( s]i\s music--& 8 greate/4 ,x took ,g]%w9 ov] two ye>s to write 8 op]a1 a p]iod dur+ :i* he sp5t "s "t 9 ! op]a's sett+ ( ,*>le/on1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 absorb+ n only local color b also native ,negro music ^: /yle he skilfully assimilat$ into 8 own writ+4 ,he complet$ 8 op]a 9 ! summ] ( #aice2 on ,septemb] #cj its _w premire took place 9 ,bo/on2 & on ,octob] #aj1 x began its ,new ,york run4 ,x _c be said t ei!r critics or audi5ces 7 fully aw>e at ! "t t !y 7 he>+ a ma/]work4 ,"s ( ! ,bo/on & ,new ,york scribes f\nd ?+s to admire 9 ! op]a1 b mo/ ( !m 7 highly critical4 ,ol9 ,d[nes said 8x does n utilize all ! res\rces ( ! op]atic compos] or pi]ce v (t5 to ! dep?s ( ! pa!tic drama40 ,lawr5ce ,gilman f\nd ,g]%w9's emphasis on ! popul> elem5t a di/urb+ blemi% :ile ,virgil ,?omson did n hesitate at ! "t to ref] to x z 8a fake40 ,! run ( #abd p]=mances 9 ,new ,york 7foll[$ by a ?ree-mon? t\r7 repres5t$ a box-(fice failure4 ,g]%w9 himself rema9$ conv9c$ he _h writt5 a "w ( fir/ importance1 b regrettably he did n live to see 8 fai? 9 8 op]a ju/ifi$ beyond 8 wilde/ hopes or aspirations4 ,reviv$ 9 ,new ,york 9 #aida x _h an eight-mon? run1 ! longe/ ( any revival 9 ,broadway hi/ory4 ,m important /ill1 _m critics revis$ e>li] e/imates4 ,virgil ,?omson n[ spoke ( x z 8a beautiful piece ( music & a deeply mov+ play = ! lyric !at]40 ,ol9 ,d[nes said t ,g]%w9 _h "h 8tak5 a sub/antial /ep1 & advanc$ ! cause ( native op]a40 ,! ,new ,york ,music ,critics ,circle s+l$ x out z ! mo/ important musical revival ( t season4 ,b /ill great] triumphs await$ ! op]a4 ,9 #aieb1 a ,negro ca/ t\r$ ,europe "u ! auspices ( ! ,/ate ,dep>tm5t4 ,be=e t t\r 0 ov]1 sev]al ye>s lat]1 ! op]a _h be5 he>d ?r\gh\t ,europe1 ! ,ne> ,ea/1 9 c\ntries beh9d ! ,iron ,curta91 ! ,soviet ,union & ,lat9 ,am]ica4 ,ev]y:]e x enjoy$ acclaim realiz$ by few contempor>y op]as any:]e4 ,!re 7 n _m diss5t+ voices 9 ! univ]sal judgm5t t ,porgy & ,bess 0 "o ( ! mo/ significant op]as ( ! tw5tie? c5tury1 & c]ta9ly "o ( ! mo/ popul>4 ,& its popul>ity 0 fur!r enhanc$ by ! /unn+ production giv5 x by ,samuel ,goldwyn 9 motion pictures 9 #aiei4 ,! text ( ! op]a 0 bas$ on ! play ,porgy1 by ,doro?y & ,du ,bose ,heyw>d1 produc$ by ! ,!at] ,guild 9 ,new ,york 9 #aibg1 :i* 9 turn _h be5 adapt$ f ,du ,bose ,heyw>d's novel ( ! same "n4 ,! op]a text & lyrics 7 writt5 by ,du ,bose & ,doro?y ,heyw>d ) sev]al additional lyrics by ,ira ,g]%w94 ,! tragic love affair ( ! cripple1 ,porgy1 & ,bess1 a lady ( easy virtue1 is set 9 ! ,negro t5em5t1 ,catfi% ,r[1 9 ,*>le/on1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a4 ,porgy has f\nd true happ9ess ) ,bess = ! fir/ "t 9 8 life4 ,:5 ,cr[n1 ,bess' old swee!>t returns to claim h]1 ,porgy kills him b manages to elude ! law aft] hav+ be5 deta9$ a :ile4 ,^u return+ to ,catfi% ,r[ he discov]s t 8 ,bess _h succumb$ to ! lure ( dope1 & ! gay life 9 ,new ,york (f]$ h] by ,sport9' ,life4 ,he>tbrok51 ,porgy jumps 9 8 goat c>t to foll[ ,bess to ,new ,york & try to br+ h] back4 ,! ma9 melodic sections ( ! op]a h provid$ ! mat]ial = sev]al delightful suites4 ,! mo/ fam\s is ,a ,symphonic ,picture by ,rob]t ,russell ,b5nett1 commission$ by ,fritz ,re9]1 ! conductor ( ! ,pittsburgh ,symphony 9 #aidb4 ,b5nett creat$ out ( ! score an integrat$ tone poem fai?ful to ,g]%w9's own h>monic & or*e/ral int5tions4 ,! tone poem 7or suite7 is made up ( ! foll[+ sequ5ces 9 ! ord] ( _! appe>ance3 ,sc5e ( ,catfi% ,r[ ) ! p$dl]'s calls2 ,op5+ ,act ,,ii2 8,summ]time0 & ,op5+ ( ,act ,i2 8,i ,got ,pl5ty ( ,nutt9'02 ,/orm ,music2 8,bess1 ,y ,is ,my ,woman ,n[02 8,x ,a9't ,necess>ily ,s0 & ! f9ale1 8,oh ,lawd ,i'm ,on ,my ,way40 ,george ,g]%w9 himself prep>$ an or*e/ral suite f 8 op]a score 9 #aicf1 & conduct$ x 9 p]=mances ) sev]al major ,am]ican or*e/ras 9 #aicf-aicg4 ,?is manuscript1 long =gott51 0 f\nd 9 ! libr>y ( ,ira ,g]%w91 & 0 reviv$ 9 #aiei by ,maurice ,abravanel & ! ,utah ,symphony4 ,n[ nam$ ,catfi% ,r[1 to di/+ui% x f o!r suites prep>$ by o!r musicians1 x _h five sections3 8,catfi% ,r[10 8,porgy ,s+s10 8,fugue10 8,hurricane10 & 8,good ,morn+1 ,bro!r40 ,b]yl ,rub9/e9 transcrib$ five ( ! pr9cipal melodies f ! op]a = piano1 & ,jas*a ,heifetz = viol9 & piano4 ,! ?ree piano ,preludes are fam\s n only 9 _! orig9al v]sion b also 9 transcriptions = symphony or*e/ra4 ,! fir/ prelude1 9 ,b-flat major1 is rhy?mically excit+1 highlight+ ! basic elem5ts ( ! tango & ! ,*>le/on4 ,! second1 9 ,c-%>p m9or1 is ! mo/ fam\s ( ! set4 ,?is is an eloqu5t ?ree-"p blues melody4 ,! conclud+ prelude1 9 ,e-flat major1 once aga9 l ! fir/ "o has great] rhy?mic ?an melodic int]e/1 a lively expression ( un9hibit$ good feel+s4 ,besides transcriptions = or*e/ra by ,roy ,b>gy1 ,gregory ,/one & sev]al o!rs1 ^! preludes h be5 adapt$ = viol9 & piano by ,heifetz1 = trumpet & piano by ,gregory ,/one1 & = saxophone & piano by ,sigurd ,ras*]4 ,! ,rhapsody 9 ,blue 0 ,g]%w9's fir/ "w = symphony or*e/ra & x is ! composition ) :i* he fir/ won fame1 =tune1 & arti/ic significance4 ,x 0 commission$ by ,paul ,:iteman = an all-,am]ican music conc]t plann$ by t b&lead] = ,aeolian ,hall1 ,new ,york1 on ,febru>y #ab1 #aibd4 ,) ! compos] at ! piano1 ! ,rhapsody appe>$ z ! t5? & p5ultimate numb] ( a long program1 b x 0 ! "w t gave ,:iteman's conc]t its ma9 int]e/ & significance4 ,! critics ! foll[+ day 7 divid$ 9 _! op9ion4 ,on ! "o h&1 ,h5ry ,t4 ,f9ck consid]$ x sup]ior to ! music ( ,s*o5b]g & ,milhaud2 equally high words ( praise came f ,gilb]t ,w4 ,gabriel1 ,william ,j4 ,h5d]son1 ,ol9 ,d[nes1 ,deems ,taylor1 & ,c>l van ,ve*t54 ,9 ! opposite camp /ood ,pitts ,sanborn & ,lawr5ce ,gilman :o describ$ ! "w z 8mean+less repetition0 & 8trite1 feeble1 & conv5tional40 ,b ! oppos+ op9ions not)/&+1 ! ,rhapsody 9 ,blue imm$iately became "o ( ! mo/ fam\s pieces ( s]i\s music by an ,am]ican4 ,x 0 transcrib$ = e possible in/rum5t or gr\ps ( in/rum5ts2 x 0 adapt$ sev]al times = ballet2 x 0 us$ 9 a motion picture4 ,royalties f ! sale ( %eet music & records br\ght 9 a =tune4 ,?r\gh ! ye>s x has nev] lo/ its popul>ity2 x is /ill "o ( ! mo/ frequ5tly p]=m$ ,am]ican symphonic works4 ,its prime significance re/s 9 ! fact t x decisively prov$ t x 0 possible to produce good music )9 ambiti\s /ructures utiliz+ idioms & te*niques ( ,am]ican jazz4 ,! ,rhapsody 9 ,blue 0 by no means ! fir/ composition to d s2 x 0 prec$$ by works by ,erik ,satie1 ,/rav9sky1 & ,milhaud among o!rs4 ,b due to its enorm\s popul> appeal x 0 ! mo/ influ5tial composition ( all 9 conv9c+ ! _w's =emo/ compos]s t jazz c\ld be us$ ) s]i\s int5t4 ,und\bt$ly x 0 l>gely z a result ( ! triumph ( ! ,rhapsody 9 ,blue t _w-fam\s compos]s l ,william ,walton1 ,con/ant ,lamb]t1 ,maurice ,ravel1 ,kurt ,weill & ,paul ,h9demi? among _m o!rs produc$ s]i\s jazz music4 ,mu* has be5 said ab\t its diffus5ess ( /ructure1 & ! inept way its mat]ial is develop$4 ,b = all its faults1 ! ,rhapsody 9 ,blue rema9s a vital1 dynamic & at times an inspir$ piece ( music4 ,x is fill$ ) wond]ful lyricism2 its rhy?mic cog5cy is irresi/ible2 its id5tity is completely ,am]ican4 ,! "w op5$ ) an asc5d+ sev5te5-note slide by ! cl>9et :i* culm9ates 9 ! saucy1 fir/ !me4 ,a transition 9 ! w9d in/rum5t leads to ano!r brisk1 jaunty idea = piano4 ,aft] "s developm5t1 & sev]al asc5d+ *ords 9 ! piano we get to ! he>t ( ! rhapsody & to "o ( ! mo/ fam\s melodies 9 all contempor>y symphonic music3 a spaci\s1 rhapsodic song = ! /r+s4 ,! full or*e/ra repeats x4 ,two e>li] !mes are n[ briefly recall$1 ! fir/ !me by ! full or*e/ra1 ! second by ! piano4 ,a brief1 dramatic coda br+s ! rhapsody to an excit+ conclusion4 ,= ! ,paul ,:iteman conc]t ( #aibd1 ,f]de ,gr( provid$ ! or*e/ration f a two-piano v]sion h&$ him by ! compos]4 ,g]%w9 lat] prep>$ 8 own or*e/ration1 & x is ?is v]sion t is n[ giv5 by all ! major symphonic organizations4 ,! ,second ,rhapsody = or*e/ra succe$$ ! m popul> ,rhapsody 9 ,blue by eight ye>s2 x 0 fir/ p]=m$ by ! ,bo/on ,symphony "u ,k\ssevitzky on ,janu>y #bi1 #aicb4 ,g]%w9 orig9ally call$ ?is "w ,rhapsody 9 ,rivets because ! op5+ measures pres5t a /rongly rhy?mic subject 9 solo piano sugge/+ rivet+4 ,?is 8rivet !me0 is !n tak5 ov] by ! full or*e/ra1 aft] :i* we he> a rumba melody4 ,^! ideas are !n develop$4 ,a piano cad5za br+s on a spaci\s melody1 fir/ 9 /r+s1 & !n 9 brass4 ,all ?is mat]ial is amplifi$ be=e ! rhapsody is swept to an excit+ end4 ,?is rhapsody 0 ! outgr[? ( a six-m9ute sequ5ce writt5 by ! compos] = ! motion picture1 ,delici\s4 ,! sequ5ce 0 int5d$ to describe ! sights & s\nds ( a city4 ,9 ! picture only "o ( ! six m9utes ( ?is music 0 reta9$1 b ,g]%w9 lik$ ! re/ ( x well en\gh to exp& x into a major symphonic "w4 ,! ,v>iations on ,i ,got ,rhy?m1 = piano & or*e/ra1 0 writt5 = a t\r ( "o-night /&s made by ,g]%w9 ?r\gh\t ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 all-,g]%w9 programs4 ,its fir/ p]=mance took place 9 ,bo/on on ,janu>y #ad1 #aicd4 ,! ma9 subject is a fam\s ,g]%w9 song1 8,i ,got ,rhy?m0 :i* ,e!l ,m]man made fam\s 9 ! musical com$y ,girl ,crazy4 ,! symphonic "w beg9s ) a f\r-note asc5d+ phrase f ! fir/ measure ( ! song's *orus1 pres5t$ by solo cl>9et4 ,! !me is !n tak5 ov] by solo piano & aft] t by full or*e/ra1 aft] :i* ! entire *orus is pres5t$ by ! piano4 ,9 ! ensu+ v>iations ! compos] *anges n only ! basic /ructure ( ! song1 melodically & rhy?mically1 b also its mood & feel+1 trav]s+ ! gamut ( emotion f melan*oly to spirit$ gaiety4 ,/ill ano!r rem>kably effective symphonic adaptation ( 8,i ,got ,rhy?m0 0 made by ,morton ,g\ld1 & introduc$ by him ) 8 or*e/ra ov] ! ,,cbs radio network 9 #aidd4 ,g]%w9 wrote two m>*es1 bo? ) satirical ov]tones1 :i* are (t5 giv5 at 8pop conc]ts40 ,ea* 0 meant = a musical com$y4 8,/rike ,up ! ,b&0 comes f ! musical com$y ( ! same "n1 produc$ on ,janu>y #ad1 #aicj />r+ ,cl>k & ,mc,cullough4 ,?is 0 a /++ satire on w> & int]national diplomacy1 ) ,am]ica embroil$ 9 a conflict ) ,switz]l& ov] ! issue ( *ocolates4 ,! m>*1 8,/rike ,up ! ,b&10 helps deflate "s ( ! pomp & c]emony ( all m>tial music4 8,w9t]gre5 = ,presid5t0 comes f ,( ,!e ,i ,s+1 ! epo*-mak+ satire on politics 9 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4,c41 fir/ produc$ on ,decemb] #bf1 #aica4 8,w9t]gre5 = ,presid5t0 is ! music accompany+ a political tor*light p>ade ^: illum9at$ signs read 8,ev5 ,y\r ,dog ,loves ,w9t]gre50 & 8,a ,vote = ,w9t]gre5 ,is a ,vote = ,w9t]gre50 & s on4 ,! m>* music c>ries ov] ! satirical implications ( ?is procession by quot+ su* tunes z 8,hail1 ,hail ! ,gang's ,all ,"h10 8,tammany10 8,a ,hot ,"t 9 ! ,old ,t[n ,tonight0 & 8,/>s & ,/ripes ,=ev]40 ,?is music ev5 c>ries a ha/y recollection ( ,iri% & ,jewi% music to sugge/ t ,w9t]gre5 is a fri5d ( bo? ^! p4 ,g]%w9's greate/ songs are (t5 p]=m$ 9 or*e/ral transcriptions at all-,g]%w9 conc]ts & o!r 8pop p]=mances10 sometimes s+ly1 & sometimes 9 v>i\s potp\rris4 ,besides songs already m5tion$ 9 ! fir/ "p ( ?is section1 ,g]%w9's greate/ ones include ! foll[+3 8,bid9' ,my ,"t0 f ,girl ,crazy2 8,i've ,got a ,cru% ,on ,y0 f ,/rike ,up ! ,b&2 8,let's ,call ! ,:ole ,?+ ,(f0 f ,%all ,we ,dance2 8,liza0 f ,%[ ,girl2 8,! ,man ,i ,love10 orig9ally meant = ,lady ,be ,good b nev] us$ !re2 8,m9e0 f ,let ',em ,eat ,cake2 ! title song f ,( ,!e ,i ,s+2 8,soon0 f ,/rike ,up ! ,b&2 8,t ,c]ta9 ,feel+0 f ,tip ,toes2 & 8,!y ,c't ,take ,t ,away ,f ,me0 f ,%all ,we ,dance4 ,among ^? :o h writt5 or*e/ral m$leys ( ,g]%w9's songs are ,na?an van ,cleve1 ,fr$ von ,epps1 ,claude ,?ornhill1 ,david ,broekman1 ,irv+ ,brodsky1 ,george ,b4 ,leeman1 & ,na?aniel ,f9/on4 ,h5ry ,f4 ,gilb]t ,h5ry ,frankl9 ,belknap ,gilb]t 0 born 9 ,som]ville1 ,massa*usetts1 on ,septemb] #bf1 #ahfh4 ,he att5d$ ! ,new ,engl& ,cons]vatory1 & /udi$ composition privately ) ,edw>d ,mac,dowell1 be=e play+ ! viol9 9 v>i\s !at]s4 ,= _m ye>s music 0 a second>y pursuit z he e>n$ 8 liv+ 9 a pr9t+ e/abli%m5t1 a real-e/ate ag5t1 factory =eman1 & f9ally an employee 9 a music-publi%+ firm4 ,a he>+ 9 ,p>is ( ,gu/ave ,*>p5ti]'s op]a1 ,l\ise1 prov$ su* an ov]p[]+ exp]i5ce t x inspir$ him to devote himself h5ce=? to music alone4 ,9 #aijb he help$ f\nd 9 ,am]ica ! ,wa-,wan ,press :i* promot$ nationalism 9 ,am]ican music & publi%$ ,gilb]t's fir/ works4 ,9 ^! a /rong emphasis 0 plac$ by ! compos] ^u ,am]ican folk music & ,am]ican folk idioms4 ,9 #aijc he wrote ,humoresque on ,negro ,m9/rel ,tunes4 ,aft] t came 8 fam\s ,com$y ,ov]ture on ,negro ,!mes 7#aije71 ! symphonic ballet ,! ,dance 9 ,place ,congo 7#aijf71 ! ,negro ,rhapsody 7#aiac71 & ,indian ,sket*es 7#aiba74 ,"h native elem5ts 7 skilfully fus$ into a /yle t 0 ,romantic to produce music t rema9s appeal+ = its fre%ness & vitality4 ,t[>ds ! end ( 8 life1 ,gilb]t 0 an invalid4 ,nev]!less1 9 #aibg1 he travel$ to ,g]many 9 a :eel-*air to att5d a p]=mance ( 8 ,dance 9 ,place ,congo at ! ,fe/ival ( ! ,int]national ,society = ,contempor>y ,music 9 ,frankfurt4 ,he di$ 9 ,cambridge1 ,massa*usetts1 on ,may #ai1 #aibh4 ,! ,com$y ,ov]ture on ,negro ,!mes 7#aije7 is "o ( ,gilb]t's mo/ frequ5tly p]=m$ compositions4 ,x is made up ( five sections play$ )\t int]ruption4 ,! compos] goes on to expla93 8,! fir/ movem5t is light & humor\s1 ! !me be+ made f two f\r-measure phrases tak5 f ,*>les ,l4 ,edw>ds' book ,bahama ,songs & ,/ories4444 ,?is is foll[$ by a broad]1 & some:at sl[]1 phrase4 ,i h "h us$ ! only complete ,negro tune :i* occurs 9 ! piece 444 =m]ly us$ z a work+ song by r\/ab\ts & /ev$ores on ! ,mississippi ,riv] /eamboats 9 ! old days4444 ,next comes a fugue4 ,! !me ( ?is fugue consi/s ( ! fir/ f\r measures ( ! ,negro ,spiritual #8,old ,%ip ( ,zion4'444 ,x is giv5 out by ! brass in/rum5ts & int]sp]s$ ) phrases f ! r\/ab\ts' song4444 ,aft] ?is a %ort phrase ( sixte5 measures s]ves to re9troduce ! comic elem5t4 ,!re is a repetition ( ! fir/ !me & consid]able recapitulation1 :i* leads f9ally to ! developm5t ( a new end+ or coda1 & ! piece ends 9 an orgy ( jollity & ragtime40 ,dance 9 ,place ,congo 7#aijf7 is bo? a ballet & a tone poem = or*e/ra4 ,its fir/ v]sion 0 a pantomime ballet1 b soon !reaft] ! compos] adapt$ 8 score into a composition = or*e/ra4 ,! tone poem--describ+ ! b>b>ic revels on a late ,sunday aft]noon ( slaves 9 ,place ,congo1 a section on ! outskirts ( ,new ,orleans--op5s 9 a d>k mood :i* a*ieves a climax ) an outcry 9 ! or*e/ra4 ,at ?is po9t a bamb\la melody is he>d 9 full or*e/ra4 ,x is p]mitt$ to ga9 9 int5sity until x acquires b>b>ic f]ocity4 ,:5 ! passions are sp5t1 a beautiful romantic section unfolds1 occasionally int]rupt$ by a recall ( ! bamb\la !me4 ,v>i\s ,negro songs & dances are !n pres5t$ ov] an insi/5t rhy?m4 ,! somb] mood ( ! op5+ is br\ght back to conclude ! composition4 ,! ,indian ,sket*es = or*e/ra 7#aiba7 pres5ts sev]al facets ( ,am]ican-,indian life4 8,!y are10 expla9s ! compos]1 8= ! mo/ "p n musical pictures ( def9ite incid5ts s mu* z !y are musical mood pictures40 ,!re are six sections4 ,! fir/1 a prelude1 is music ( savage p[]4 ,?is is foll[$ by ! subjective music ( ! 8,invocation10 a pray] or supplication ( ! ,great ,_s4 8,song ( ! ,_w0 briefly develops a cry ( ! ,kut5ai ,indians1 & 8,camp ,dance0 is a s*]zo portray+ ! light] side ( ,indian life4 8,nocturne0 is a romantic description ( ! d>k =e/s alive ) ! di/ant s\nds ( birds & animals4 ,! suite concludes ) ! 8,snake ,dance10 sugge/$ by a pray] dance = ra9 ( ! ,hopi ,indians 9 ,arizona4 ,don ,gillis ,don ,gillis 0 born 9 ,cam]on1 ,miss\ri1 on ,june #ag1 #aiab4 ,he 0 graduat$ f ,*ri/ian ,univ]sity at ,=t ,wor?1 ,texas 9 #aicf1 aft] hav+ engag$ 9 v>i\s musical activities includ+ ! direction ( a b& & a symphony or*e/ra1 & ! writ+ ( two musical com$ies produc$ at ! ,univ]sity4 ,foll[+ ! completion ( 8 education he became a memb] ( ! faculty ( ,*ri/ian ,univ]sity & ,s\?we/ ,bapti/ ,sem9>y2 s]v$ z a tromboni/ & arrang] = a ,=t ,wor? radio /ation2 & play$ ! trombone 9 ! ,=t ,wor? ,symphony4 ,9 #aidd he became a produc] = ! ,national ,broadca/+ ,company 9 ,new ,york1 tak+ *>ge ( _m important programs includ+ ^? ( ! ,,nbc ,symphony4 ,z a compos] ( symphonies & o!r or*e/ral compositions ,gillis reveals a refre%+ s5se ( humor z well z a delightful b5t = :imsy1 qualities :i* make "s ( 8 works ideal = programs ( light music4 ,he has (t5 drawn inspiration & mat]ials f ,am]ican folk music & jazz1 consi/5tly produc+ music t comb9es s\nd musical values ) s\nd ent]ta9m5t4 8,my feel+10 he has said1 8is t music is = ! p & ! compos]'s f9al aim %\ld be to rea* !m4 ,& s9ce ! p :i/le & s+1 ,i %\ld l !m to :i/le & s+ my music40 ,?us ,gillis aims = simplicity1 s9c]e emotions1 & %e] fun4 8,i h tri$ to write s t !re w be a feel+ ( enjoym5t 9 ! fun ( ! ?+40 ,portrait ( a ,fronti] ,t[n1 a suite = or*e/ra 7#aidj71 is a tuneful composition consi/+ ( five %ort movem5ts4 ,! title ( ea* ( ^! provides ! clue to ! programmatic cont5t ( ! music4 ,! fir/1 8,*amb] ( ,comm]ce10 portrays ! activities ( su* an organization 9 a typical ,am]ican t[n4 8,:]e ! ,we/ ,beg9s0 tells ( ! op5+ ( ! ,we/ ?r\gh two significant musical subjects1 ! fir/ = /r+s1 & ! second = oboe1 flute1 & cl>9et4 8,ran* ,h\se ,p>ty0 is describ$ 9 ! score z 8brightly--9 a gay mann]40 ,a jovial melody fir/ giv5 by ! full or*e/ra gives prom95t att5tion to p]cussion in/rum5ts4 ,?is is foll[$ by a mood picture1 8,prairie ,sunset0 9 :i* ! ,engli% horn1 answ]$ by ! cl>9et1 pres5ts ! ma9 melody4 ,! suite concludes ) 8,ma9 ,/reet ,saturday ,night10 9 :i* gaiety & ab&on alt]nate ) sugge/ions ( no/algia4 ,symphony ,no4 #e 7#aidg71 is "o ( ! compos]'s wittie/ works :i* he himself subtitl$ z 8a symphony = fun40 ,x consi/s almo/ entirely ( jazz melodies1 "s treat$ 9 burlesque fa%ion2 ! "w also quotes "s fam\s melodies 9 a faceti\s mann]4 ,! f\r movem5ts h :imsical titles3 8,p]petual ,emotion10 8,spiritual801 8,s*]zophr5ia0 & 8,conclusion40 ,alb]to ,g9a/]a ,alb]to ,g9a/]a 0 born 9 ,bu5os ,aires1 ,arg5t9a1 on ,april #aa1 #aiaf4 ,he 0 graduat$ ) honors f ! ,national ,cons]vatory 9 8 native city :]e1 9 #aiec1 he became pr(essor4 ,9 #aidf he visit$ ! ,unit$ ,/ates rema9+ a ye> on a ,gugg5heim ,fell[%ip4 ,g9a/]a's music comb9es musical elem5ts native to ,arg5t9a ) mod]n te*niques & idioms1 & includes ballets1 *amb] music1 a ,pa/oral ,symphony & o!r works = or*e/ra1 & pieces = ! piano4 ,! ,dances f ! ballet1 ,e/ancia 7#aida7 is among 8 mo/ popul> works4 ,! ballet1 *oreography by ,george ,balan*9e1 0 fir/ introduc$ by ! ,ballet ,c>avan4 ,x describes life on an 8e/ancia10 an ,arg5t9e ran*1 trac+ ! activities ( its pr9cipal "* ?r\gh a s+le day f dawn ( "o day to dawn ( ! next4 ,! or*e/ral dances are ri* 9 native melodies & rhy?ms1 pres5t+ ! v>i\s dance sequ5ces 9 8/yliz$ v]sion40 ,two dances are especially popul>3 8,dance ( ! ,:eat0 & 8,malambo40 ,alex&] ,glazunov ,alex&] ,glazunov 0 born 9 ,/4 ,pet]sburg1 ,russia1 on ,augu/ #aj1 #ahfe4 ,z a boy he /udi$ music privately :ile att5d+ a te*nical high s*ool4 ,at fifte5 he became a pupil ( ,rimsky-,korsakov 9 h>mony1 c\nt]po9t & or*e/ration4 ,su* 0 8 progress t only "o ye> lat] he complet$ a gift$ symphony :i* 0 p]=m$ 9 ,/4 ,pet]sburg 9 #ahhb & acclaim$ by sev]al em95t ,russian musicians4 ,betwe5 t ye> & #aijj1 ,glazunov produc$ mo/ ( ! works :i* won him r5[n n only 9 ,russia b ?r\gh\t ! re/ ( ! music _w3 symphonies1 /r+ qu>tets1 num]\s %ort] or*e/ral works1 & compositions 9 a light] /yle4 ,"h he 0 ! traditionali/ :o plac$ reliance on palatable melodies1 s\nd /ructures1 & he>tfelt emotion4 ,= ^! reasons mu* ( :at he has writt5 falls gracefully into ! light-classic category4 ,aft] #aiad he wrote little1 no?+ to add to 8 /ature4 ,mean:ile he a*iev$ r5[n fir/ z pr(essor !n z director ( ! ,/4 ,pet]sburg ,cons]vatory4 ,he also made successful appe>ances z conductor foll[+ 8 debut at ! ,p>is ,exposition 9 #ahii2 8 fir/ appe>ance 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates took place 9 ,detroit on ,novemb] #ba1 #aibi4 ,9 #aibh1 ,glazunov left 8 native l& = good1 & f !n until 8 dea? on ,m>* #ba1 #aicf 8 home 0 9 ,p>is4 ,! ,c>nival ,ov]ture1 or ,c>naval1 op4 #de 7#ahid7 is a brilliant picture ( a fe/ival4 ,x op5s ) a lively dance melody 9 viol9s & woodw9d4 ,?is is foll[$ by a m /ately melody 9 woodw9d & viol9s aga9/ a c\nt]-melody 9 cellos & bassoons4 ,a brief transition leads to ! ma9 body ( ! ov]ture built out ( two basic ideas4 ,! fir/ is a gay dance tune 9 flutes & cl>9ets2 ! second provides a measure ( contra/ ?r\gh a m reflective subject = oboes1 cl>9ets1 horns1 & cellos4 ,f ! ,middle ,ages--a suite = or*e/ra1 op4 #gi 7#aijb7--;evokes ! sett+s & backgr\nds ( ! middle ages 9 f\r sections4 ,! fir/ is a 8,prelude10 portray+ a ca/le by ! sea1 ! home ( two lov]s4 ,dea? plays ! viol9 9 ! second movem5t1 a 8,s*]zo02 he urges ! p to dance to 8 ab&on$ fiddl+4 ,9 ! ?ird "p1 8,s]5ade10 a tr\bad\r s+s 8 tune4 ,! suite ends ) 8,! ,crusad]s10 9 :i* soldi]s are m>*+ (f to w>1 :ile prie/s *ant a solemn bless+4 ,! orig9al title ( ,ouv]ture sol5nelle1 op4 #gc 7#aija7 0 ,fe/ival ,ov]ture2 ! music ?r\gh\t has a fe/ive "*4 ,aft] prelim9>y *ords1 woodw9d & horns pres5t a subject soon tak5 ov] & amplifi$ by ! /r+s4 ,! ma9 "p ( ! ov]ture beg9s ) an expressive & s\lful melody = ! viol9s4 ,! second !me is fir/ giv5 by ! cl>9ets aga9/ a vigor\s accompanim5t4 ,aft] ! fir/ !me receives elaboration1 ! ov]ture concludes ) a =ceful coda4 ,! or*e/ral suite ,raymonda1 op4 #eg;a1 comes f ! score to a ballet ) *oreography by ,m>ius ,petipa2 x 0 introduc$ 9 ,/4 ,pet]sburg on ,janu>y #ag1 #ahih4 ,! compos]'s fir/ "w = ! /age1 ?is ballet has = its c5tral "* ! lovely ,raymonda1 betro!d to a knight4 ,aft] ! knight has gone (f to jo9 ! ,crusade & fight ! ,s>ac5s1 ,raymonda is woo$ by a ,s>ac54 ,:5 %e rejects him he makes an attempt to abduct h]4 ,j !n ! knight returns1 & slays ! culprit4 ,! lov]s ?us reunit$1 are n[ able to celebrate _! nuptials4 ,! or*e/ral suite is a /aple 9 ! light-classical rep]tory4 ,x consi/s ( ! foll[+ sections3 ,i4 8,introduction40 ,raymonda's sorr[ at ! abs5ce ( h] lov]4 ,a sc5e 9 ,raymonda's ca/le :]e pages indulge 9 a?letics4 ,,ii4 8,la ,traditrice40 ,! dance ( pages & maid5s4 ,,iii4 8,mod]ato40 ,fanf>es ann\nce ! arrival ( a /rang]4 ,joy & g5]al animation4 ,z ,raymonda ent]s1 girls ?r[ fl[]s 9 h] pa?4 ,,iv4 8,&ante40 ,raymonda is play+ ! lute outside ! ca/le 9 ! moonlight4 ,raymonda dances4 ,,vi4 8,entr'acte2 ,valse fanta/ique40 ,raymonda dreams %e is 9 fairyl& ) h] belov$4 ,,vii4 8,gr& ,pas d'action40 ,at a fea/ giv5 by ,raymonda at h] ca/le ! ,s>ac5 appe>s1 woos h]1 & is spurn$4 ,,viii4 8,v>iation40 ,raymonda defies ! ,s>ac51 :o n[ tries to dazzle h] ) 8 weal?4 ,,ix4 8,dance ( ! ,arab ,boys40 8,dance ( ! ,s>ac5s40 ,x4 8,entr'acte40 ,! triumph ( love & ! fe/ivities att5d+ ! nuptials4 ,scnes de ballet1 suite = or*e/ra1 op4 #eb 7#ahid7 is made up ( eight p>ts4 ,! fir/1 8,pramble10 has an ext5d$ introduction to a ma9 section 9 :i* ! ma9 subject is giv5 by ! viol9s4 8,m>ionettes10 (f]s a lively !me = piccolo & glock5spiel ) :i* ?is section op5s & closes2 midway comes a trio ) ma9 !me 9 fir/ viol9s4 ,! ?ird "p is a 8,mazurka0 = full or*e/ra4 ,! f\r? is a 8,s*]zo10 its pr9cipal idea 9 mut$ /r+s & woodw9d4 ,an expressive melody = cellos & viol9s is ! he>t ( ! fif? section1 8,pas d'action10 :ile ! six?1 8,dame ori5tale0 is a s5su\s1 exotic dance melody set aga9/ ! insi/5t beats ( a tamb\r9e4 ,! ensu+ 8,valse0 beg9s ) an introduction foll[+ :i* ! ma9 waltz melody is pres5t$ by ! viol9s4 ,! suite concludes ) a da%+ 8,polonaise0 = full or*e/ra4 ,! or*e/ral suite1 ,! ,seasons1 op4 #fg--l t ( ,raymonda--comes f a ballet score4 ,! ballet--*oreography by ,m>ius ,petipa--0 fir/ p]=m$ 9 ,/4 ,pet]sburg 9 #aijj4 ,! sc5>io int]prets ! f\r seasons ( ! ye> 9 f\r sc5es & an apo!osis4 ,fir/ comes ,w9t] & h] two gnomes2 !y burn a bundle ( faggots1 ^: heat causes ,w9t] to disappe>4 ,spr+ n[ arrives ) ,zephyr1 ,birds & ,fl[]s4 ,all ( !m jo9 9 a joy\s dance4 ,:5 ,summ] comes he is 9 ! company ( ! ,_s ( ! ,corn4 ,v>i\s fl[]s p]=m a dance1 !n fall exhau/$ on ! gr\nd4 ,satyrs & fauns1 play+ on pipes1 try to recapture ! ,_s ( ! ,corn :o is protect$ by ! fl[]s4 ,9 ! ,autumn sc5e1 ,bac*antes p]=m a dance 9 ! company ( ! ,seasons4 ,! ,apo!osis pres5ts an idyllic sc5e ) />s %9+ brightly 9 ! sky4 ,! or*e/ral suite adapt$ f ! ballet score by ! compos] = conc]t purposes is "o ( 8 be/ kn[n compositions4 ,x consi/s ( ! foll[+ sections3 ,i4 8,w9t]3 ,introduction2 ,! ,fro/2 ,! ,ice2 ,! ,hail2 ,! ,sn[40 ,,ii4 8,spr+40 ,,iii4 8,summ]3 ,waltz ( ! ,cornfl[]s & ,poppies2 ,b>c>olle2 ,v>iation2 ,coda40 ,,iv4 8,autumn3 ,bac*anale--,petit ,adagio4 ,f9ale--,! ,bac*antes & ,apo!osis40 ,! ,valse de conc]t ,nos4 #a & #b1 ,d major & ,f major respectively1 opp4 #dg & #ea1 are among ! compos]'s mo/ delightful %ort] pieces4 ,! fir/ waltz1 writt5 9 #ahic1 beg9s ) a brief introduction aft] :i* ! pr9cipal waltz melody is he>d fir/ 9 violas & cl>9ets1 & subsequ5tly 9 viol9s4 ,a second !me is !n (f]$ by ! cl>9ets aga9/ pluck$ /r+s1 aft] :i* ! fir/ waltz reappe>s4 ,! second waltz came "o ye> aft] ! fir/4 ,?is also has a %ort introduction 9 :i* ! ma9 waltz melody is sugge/$4 ,?is melody is f9ally giv5 by ! /r+s4 ,:ile o!r !matic mat]ial occasionally intrudes1 ! ma9 waltz subject dom9ates ! entire composition4 ,re9hold ,glire ,re9hold ,glire 0 born 9 ,kiev1 ,russia1 on ,janu>y #aa1 #ahge4 ,he 0 graduat$ f ! ,mosc[ ,cons]vatory 9 #aijj4 ,aft] two ye>s 9 ,b]l91 he return$ to 8 native l& to become pr(essor ( composition at ! ,kiev ,cons]vatory2 f #aiad to #aibj he 0 its director4 ,aft] #aibj he 0 a memb] ( ! faculty ( ! ,mosc[ ,cons]vatory4 ,glire's mo/ fam\s works are 8 ?ird symphony 7nam$ ,ilia ,m\rometz7 introduc$ 9 ,mosc[ 9 #aiab1 & ! ballet1 ,! ,r$ ,poppy4 ,b he wrote _m o!r works--or*e/ral1 *amb]1 & vocal1 z well z ballets4 ,on two occasions he receiv$ ! ,/al9 ,prize3 9 #aidh = 8 f\r? /r+ qu>tet1 & two ye>s lat] = 8 ballet1 ,! ,bronze ,horseman4 ,he di$ 9 ,mosc[ on ,june #bc1 #aief4 ,two exc]pts f ! ,soviet ballet1 ,! ,r$ ,poppy1 are p]haps ! compos]'s be/ kn[n compositions4 ,! ballet 0 fir/ pres5t$ 9 ,mosc[ on ,june #ad1 #aibg ) extraord9>y success4 ,its sett+ is a port 9 ,*9a :]e coolies are exploit$4 ,:5 a ,soviet %ip comes to port1 its capta9 falls 9 love ) a ,*9ese girl1 ,tai-,hao4 ,%e is ultimately kill$ by ! port comm&] :ile %e is try+ to escape f ,*9a on ! ,soviet %ip4 ,h] la/ words urge ! ,*9ese to fight = _! lib]ty1 & %e po9ts to a r$ poppy z a symbol ( _! fre$om4 ,! mo/ celebrat$ s+le exc]pt f ?is ballet is ! ,russian ,sailors ,dance1 = or*e/ra1 ) :i* ! ?ird act comes to a :irlw9d conclusion4 ,! ma9 melody is a simple ,russian tune t appe>s fir/ 9 l[] /r+s4 ,x is !n subject$ to a s]ies ( v>iations1 & is p]mitt$ to ga9 mom5tum ?r\gh accel]ation ( tempo & exp&+ sonorities until an orgia/ic climax is rea*$4 ,less popul>1 b /ill (t5 p]=m$1 is ! 8,dance ( ! ,*9ese ,girls0 f ! same ballet4 ,a repeat$ desc5d+ int]val leads to an ,ori5tal dance 9 ! p5tatonic scale2 9 ?is dance p]cussion in/rum5ts & ! xylophone are us$ prom95tly & ) tell+ effect4 ,mi*ael ,gl9ka ,mi*ael ,gl9ka 0 born to prosp]\s l&[n]s 9 ,novosspaskoye1 9 ,smol5sk1 ,russia1 on ,june #a1 #ahjd4 ,8 academic education took place at a private s*ool 9 ,/4 ,pet]sburg1 :ile he /udi$ music ) ,c>l ,mey]1 ,c>l ,boehm & ,john ,field4 ,f #ahbd to #ahbg he work$ 9 ! (fice ( ! ,m9i/ry ( ,communications 9 ,/4 ,pet]sburg4 ,fur!r music /udy !n took place 9 ,italy & ,g]many4 ,aft] return+ to 8 native l& 9 #ahcd1 he 0 fir$ ) ! ambition ( writ+ a national ,russian op]a4 ,t op]a 0 ,a ,life = ! ,ts>1 produc$ 9 #ahcf1 an epo*-mak+ "w s9ce x is ! f\ndation ^u :i* all lat] ,russian national music re/s4 ,gl9ka's second national op]a1 ,ruslan & ,ludmila1 produc$ 9 #ahdb1 successfully c>ri$ on ! compos]'s national ideals fur!r4 ,9 ! la/ ye>s ( 8 life ,gl9ka travel$ a great deal1 sp5d+ consid]able "t 9 ,p>is1 ,w>saw1 & ,spa94 ,he di$ sudd5ly 9 ,b]l91 ,g]many1 on ,febru>y #ae1 #aheg4 ,x is impossible to ov]e/imate ,gl9ka's significance 9 ,russian music4 ,8 national op]as 7 ! s\rce f :i* ! lat] nationali/s1 ! 8,russian ,five0 d]iv$ _! direction & inspiration4 ,9 ,jota aragonesa1 a 8caprice brilliant0 = or*e/ra 7#ahde7 ,gl9ka is /imulat$ by ,spani% r ?an ,russian folk music4 ,?is is ! fir/ ,russian composition to make s]i\s use ( ,spani% folk idioms4 ,x 0 writt5 dur+ ! compos]'s visit to ,spa9 9 #ahde :]e he 0 fasc9at$ by ,spani% folk songs & dances4 ,)9 a fantasy =m1 ,gl9ka p\r$ melodies & dance rhy?ms closely model$ aft] ! ,spani% 9 :i* ! backgr\nd1 culture1 & geography ( t colorful c\ntry h be5 fix$4 ,kam>9skaya 7#ahdh71 also = or*e/ra1 is a fantasy 9 ! field 9 :i* ,gl9ka 0 bo? an ackn[l$g$ ma/] & a significant pione]--,russian folk music4 ,?is composition is bas$ on two ,russian folk songs he>d by ! compos] 9 ,w>saw3 8,ov] ! ,hills1 ! ,high ,hills0 7:i* appe>s 9 /r+s foll[+ a brief introduction71 & a dance tune1 8,kam>9skaya0 7fir/ he>d 9 viol9s74 ,! mo/ popul> exc]pts f ,gl9ka's national op]a1 ,a ,life = ! ,ts>1 are ! ov]ture1 & ! ,mazurka & ,waltz1 = or*e/ra4 ,! op]a--libretto by ,b>on von ,ros5--0 fir/ p]=m$ 9 ,/4 ,pet]sburg on ,decemb] #i1 #ahcf4 ,! action takes place 9 ,pol& & ,russia 9 #afab4 ,dur+ ! /ruggle betwe5 ,russia & ,pol&1 ,romanov becomes ! new ,cz> ( ,russia1 & ,ivan ,susan91 a peasant1 is ! h]o :o saves ,russia & ! ,cz>4 ,! love int]e/ involves ,ivan's daught]1 ,antonida1 & ,bogdan ,sab994 ,! ov]ture op5s ) a /ately introduction dom9at$ by a melody = ! oboe4 ,a spirit$ melody br+s on ! ma9 section4 ,aft] ?is melody is develop$1 a second !me is (f]$ by ! cl>9ets4 ,bo? ideas are disc\rs$ ^u briefly1 & !y are giv5 fur!r amplification 9 ! coda4 ,! ,mazurka & ,waltz appe> at ! close ( ! second act1 climax+ a fe/ive celebration held 9 ! ?rone room ( ,sigismund ,,iii ( ,pol& 9 8 anci5t ca/le4 ,! ,waltz comes fir/4 ,two pr9cipal waltz melodies are giv5 by ! woodw9d & repeat$ by /r+s2 a ?ird waltz tune is !n he>d 9 brass1 & soon tak5 ov] by ! /r+s4 ,! ,waltz is imm$iately foll[$ by ! ,mazurka4 ,aft] a dignifi$ introduction1 a vigor\s ,mazurka melody unfolds4 ,?is leads to a second dance tune1 fir/ he>d 9 ! woodw9d & cellos2 b ! fir/ ,mazurka melody soon reappe>s 9 ! full or*e/ra4 ,a ?ird lively dance melody is !n pres5t$ by ! /r+s4 ,ruslan & ,ludmila also contribut$ a lively ov]ture to ! or*e/ral rep]tory4 ,?is op]a1 ) libretto by ! compos] & sev]al o!rs bas$ on a ,pu%k9 poem1 0 fir/ he>d 9 ,/4 ,pet]sburg on ,decemb] #i1 #ahdb4 ,ruslan is a knight :o is a rival ( ,ratmir = ! love ( ,ludmila4 ,ludmila is abduct$ by ! dw>f ,t*]nomor1 & aft] ,ruslan has sav$ h]1 ,ludmila's fa!r blesses 8 future son-9-law4 ,vigor\s *ords lead to a da%+ melody 9 viol9s1 violas & woodw9ds4 ,a m lyrical second !me1 almo/ folk-song 9 "*1 is !n he>d 9 violas1 cellos & bassoons4 ,bo? !mes are giv5 a vigor\s developm5t 9 :i* ! sprightly "* ( ! ov]ture is nev] all[$ to lose its brisk pace or vitality4 ,*ri/oph ,willibald ,gluck ,*ri/oph ,willibald ,gluck 0 born 9 ,erasba*1 ,upp] ,palat9ate1 on ,july #b1 #agad1 ! son ( a =e/] on ! e/ate ( ,pr9ce ,lobk[itz4 ,gluck receiv$ 8 e>ly music in/ruction 9 8 native c\ntry f local tea*]s4 ,he !n e>n$ 8 liv+ play+ ! viol9 & cello 9 rural or*e/ras4 ,9 #agcf he came to ,vi5na :]e soon !reaft] he began to s]ve z *amb] musician = ,pr9ce ,lobk[itz4 ,aft] a p]iod ( /udy & travel 9 ,italy he return$ to ,vi5na1 n[ to become "o ( its mo/ influ5tial musicians4 ,9 ,vi5na he _h produc$ sev]al ( 8 e>ly op]as1 all ( !m 9 ! traditional ,italian /yle ( t p]iod4 ,b he soon drew away f ! /ilt$ conv5tions ( ! ,italian op]a to a*ieve a fusion ( music & drama new to op]a1 z well z dramatic tru?1 simplicity1 & directness ( emotional appeal4 ,8 works 9 ?is new /yle1 ) :i* a new epo* 9 op]a 0 laun*$1 includ$ ,orfeo ed ,euridice 9 #agfb1 ,alce/e 9 #agfg1 & ,iphignie en ,aulide 9 #aggd1 ! la/ writt5 = ! ,p>is /age4 ,aft] liv+ 9 ,p>is f #aggc to #aggi1 ,gluck return$ to ,vi5na to rema9 !re ! re/ ( 8 life4 ,dur+ 8 la/ ye>s he 0 an invalid4 ,he di$ 9 ,vi5na on ,novemb] #ae1 #aghg4 ,gluck 0 a giant 9 ! e>ly hi/ory ( op]a4 ,) ,rameau1 he 0 a pione] 9 e/abli%+ music drama z oppos$ to =mal ,italian op]a4 ,orfeo ed ,euridice1 produc$ 9 ,vi5na on ,octob] #e1 #agfb--) :i* ,gluck fir/ set =? 8 new ideas & !ories ab\t op]a--is ! e>lie/ op]a to h surviv$ 9 ! p]man5t rep]tory4 ,a delightful ,ballet ,suite1 adapt$ by ,felix ,mottl f v>i\s or*e/ral dances f sev]al ( ,gluck's greate/ op]as1 is an or*e/ral "w by :i* ! compos] is mo/ (t5 repres5t$ on semi-classical z well z symphonic programs4 ,?is suite includes ! foll[+3 8,dance ( ! ,bless$ ,spirits0 f ,orfeo ed ,euridice2 8,air gai0 & 8,l5to0 f ,iphignie en ,aulide2 & two old b>oque dances1 ! 8,musette0 & 8,sicili5ne0 f ,armide4 ,! 8,dance ( ! ,bless$ ,spirits0 is "o ( ! lovelie/ ( all ,gluck's melodies1 & "o ( ! mo/ fam\s f #ah? c5tury op]a4 ,?is is a beatific song ma9ly = flute solo & /r+s1 describ+ ,elysium1 to :i* ,orfeo has come 9 se>* ( 8 wife1 ,eurydice4 ,fritz ,kreisl]'s transcription = viol9 & piano is entitl$ ,mlodie4 ,sgambati arrang$ x = piano solo1 & ,gru5feld = cello & piano4 ,b5jam9 ,god>d ,b5jam9 ,l\is ,god>d 0 born 9 ,p>is on ,augu/ #ah1 #ahdi4 ,aft] att5d+ ! ,p>is ,cons]vatory1 he receiv$ 9 #ahgh a municipal prize = an or*e/ral "w1 besides hav+ 8 fir/ op]a produc$4 ,he wrote sev]al op]as aft] t1 w9n+ fame ) ,jocelyn 9 #ahhh4 ,he also wrote a consid]able am\nt ( *amb] & or*e/ral music1 9 :i* 8 f9e1 s5sitive lyricism is evid5t4 ,he di$ 9 ,cannes1 ,france1 on ,janu>y #aj1 #ahie4 ,among 8 m famili> works is ! ,adagio pa?tique4 ,?is />t$ out z a piece = viol9 & piano1 ! ?ird ( a set ( compositions 9 op4 #abh4 ,x 0 or*e/rat$ by ,ross ,jungnickel 9 #aiaj1 & is mo/ popul> 9 ?is v]sion4 ,?is is music notable = its expressive emotion2 its lyricism at times has a religi\s /atel9ess4 ,! mo/ fam\s s+le piece ( music by ,god>d1 h[ev]1 is ! 8,b]ceuse0 f 8 op]a1 ,jocelyn4 ,) libretto by ,paul ,arm& & ,silve/re & ,victor ,cap\l--bas$ on a poem by ,lam>t9e--,jocelyn 0 introduc$ 9 ,brussels on ,febru>y #be1 #ahhh4 ,! sett+ is ,france dur+ ! ,fr5* ,revolution1 & conc]ns ! love ( ,jocelyn1 a "y prie/1 = ! daught] ( a nobleman4 ,aft] _m inn] /ruggles1 ,jocelyn decides to rema9 true to 8 call+ & give up 8 belov$4 ,!y meet = ! la/ "t at h] dea?b$ to :i* ,jocelyn has be5 summon$ to adm9i/] absolution4 ,! 8,b]ceuse0 is a t5d] aria by ,jocelyn 78,ca*s dans cet asile07 9 :i* he calls ^u angels to protect 8 lov$ "o4 ,leopold ,god[sky ,leopold ,god[sky 0 born 9 ,so%ly1 ne> ,vilna1 ,pol&1 on ,febru>y #ac1 #ahgj4 ,a prodigy piani/1 he att5d$ ! ,b]l9 ,high ,s*ool = ,music1 aft] :i* he made 8 ,am]ican debut 9 ,bo/on 9 #ahhd4 ,additional /udy took place 9 ,p>is ) ,sa9t-,sans4 ,god[sky !n laun*$ 8 c>e] z a mature conc]t piani/ ) p]=mances ?r\gh\t ! _w ( music4 ,he a*iev$ int]national r5[n n only z a virtuoso b also z a tea*] ( ! piano1 at ! ,*icago ,cons]vatory & ! ,vi5na ,academy4 ,8 conc]t c>e] end$ 9 #aicj :5 he 0 /rick5 by a slight p>alysis ( ! h&4 ,z a compos]1 ,god[sky 0 mo/ fam\s = 8 suites = ! piano1 ! mo/ fam\s be+ ,triakontam]on1 ,java1 & ,r5aissance4 ,he also produc$ a libr>y ( rem>kable transcriptions = ! piano4 ,he di$ 9 ,new ,york ,city on ,novemb] #ba1 #aich4 ,?\gh ,god[sky 0 a sophi/icat$ compos] ( highly complex piano works1 he did succe$ 9 produc+ at lea/ "o numb] t became an int]national 8hit40 ,x 0 ! ,alt ,wi5 7,old ,vi5na71 a s5tim5tal1 no/algic piece ( music on ^: title page appe>s ! foll[+ quotation3 8,^: ye/]days look backw>ds ) a smile ?r\gh te>s40 ,alt ,wi5 is ! elev5? numb] 9 ,triakontam]on 7#aibj71 a suite 9 six volumes describ$ by ! compos] z 8?irty moods & sc5es 9 triple measure40 ,! imm5se popul>ity ( ,alt ,wi5 is prov$ by its _m & v>i$ transcriptions3 = salon or*e/ra2 b&2 viol9 & piano 7by ,heifetz72 ?ree-"p woman's *orus2 dance or*e/ra2 m>imba & piano2 & ev5 a popul> song adapt$ by ,david ,sap]ton to lyrics by ,/ella ,ung>4 ,edw9 ,franko ,goldman ,edw9 ,franko ,goldman 0 born 9 ,l\isville1 ,k5tucky1 on ,janu>y #a1 #ahgh4 ,he came f a di/+ui%$ musical family4 ,8 uncles 7 ,sam ,franko & ,nahan ,franko1 bo? prom95t 9 ,new ,york z conductors1 viol9i/s1 & pione]s 9 ! pres5tation ( free conc]ts4 ,goldman att5d$ ! ,national ,cons]vatory 9 ,new ,york1 specializ+ 9 ! cornet4 ,aft] complet+ 8 tra9+ ) ,jules ,levey1 he s]v$ = t5 ye>s z solo corneti/ ( ! ,metropolitan ,op]a or*e/ra4 ,9 #aiaa he organiz$ 8 fir/ b&4 ,sev5 ye>s lat] he f\nd$ ! fam\s ,goldman ,b& :i* f !n on gave free conc]ts 9 ,new ,york & ,brooklyn public p>ks1 & else:]e on t\r4 ,"u 8 direction x became "o ( ! out/&+ musical organizations ( its k9d 9 ! c\ntry1 pres5t+ a rem>kable rep]tory ( popul> music1 light classics1 & b& transcriptions ( symphonic & op]atic compositions4 ,goldman conduct$ 8 b& until 8 dea?1 :i* took place 9 ,new ,york on ,febru>y #ba1 #aief4 ,he 0 succe$$ by 8 son1 ,ri*>d ,franko ,goldman1 :o = _m ye>s _h s]v$ z 8 fa!r's assi/ant4 ,= 8 conc]ts ,goldman wrote ov] a hundr$ m>*es :i* h won him recognition z ,john ,philip ,s\sa's successor4 ,! be/ ( ! ,goldman m>*es won imm$iate success = _! robu/ tunes & vigor\s beat4 ,^! include3 8,c5tral ,p>k10 8,*ildr5's ,m>*10 8,on ! ,campus10 8,on ! ,f>m10 & 8,on ! ,mall40 ,! 8,*ildr5's ,m>*10 is actually an adaptation = b& ( sev]al *ildr5's tunes includ+ 8,?ree ,bl9d ,mice10 8,j+le ,bells10 & 8,"h ,we ,g ,r\nd ! ,mulb]ry ,bu%10 pres5t$ 9 m>* "t4 ,k>l ,goldm>k ,k>l ,goldm>k 0 born 9 ,kesz!ly1 ,hung>y1 on ,may #ah1 #ahcj1 ! son ( a cantor4 ,demon/rat+ unusual tal5t on ! viol91 he 0 s5t to ,vi5na 9 #ahdd4 ,!re he /udi$ ) ,leopold ,jansa1 !n att5d$ ! ,vi5na ,cons]vatory4 ,8 musical education 0 br\ght to an abrupt halt by ! revolution ( #ahdh4 ,= _m ye>s aft] t1 ,goldm>k e>n$ 8 liv+ by tea*+ music1 play+ 9 !at] or*e/ras1 & writ+ criticisms4 ,he fir/ came to ! =e z a compos] ) a conc]t ( 8 works 9 ,vi5na on ,m>* #bj1 #aheg4 ,success foll[$ eight ye>s lat] ) ! premire ( 8 conc]t ov]ture1 ,sakuntala4 ,f !n on1 ,goldm>k occupi$ an e/eem$ position 9 ,vi5nese music by virtue ( _m di/+ui%$ works t includ$ ! op]a ,! ,que5 ( ,%eba1 ! ,ru/ic ,w$d+ ,symphony1 & v>i\s %ort] works = or*e/ra1 z well z num]\s compositions = *orus1 ! piano1 & *amb]-music gr\ps4 ,he di$ 9 ,vi5na on ,janu>y #b1 #aiae4 ,?r\gh\t 8 life he rema9$ true to ! ,g]manic-,romantic tradition on :i* he 0 nurtur$4 ,8 writ+ 0 always vital ) emotion1 at times to ! po9t ( be+ s5sual2 x ov]fl[$ ) luxuri\s melody & h>mony4 ,mo/ ( ! works by :i* he is rememb]$1 :ile ( ! s]i\s conc]t-hall v>iety1 are light classics because ( _! *>m & grace & pleas+ melodic cont5t4 ,! ,bac*anale = or*e/ra is 9 ,goldm>k's id5tifiable s5sual /yle4 ,?is is an episode f 8 mo/ fam\s op]a1 ,! ,que5 ( ,%eba 7,die ,ko5ig9 von ,saba71 libretto by ,solomon ,h]man ,mos5?al bas$ on ! ,old ,te/am5t /ory ( ! love ( ! ,que5 ( ,%eba = ,assad4 ,! op]a 0 successfully introduc$ 9 ,vi5na on ,m>* #aj1 #ahge4 ,! ,bac*anale takes place at ! beg9n+ ( ,act #c 9 :i* a sumptu\s reception honors ! ,que5 ( ,%eba4 ,?is dynamic piece ( music is especially int]e/+ = its ,ori5tal melodies & lu% or*e/ral colors4 ,9 ,spr+ 7,im ,fruehl+71 op4 #cf 7#ahhi71 is a conc]t ov]ture = or*e/ra e*o+ ! compos]'s emotional reaction to ! v]nal season4 ,! fir/ ma9 !me1 9 fir/ viol9s accompani$ by o!r /r+s1 is giv5 )\t any prelim9>ies4 ,! second !me 9 viol9s is m bucolic1 ! woodw9d sugge/+ bird calls 9 ! backgr\nd4 ,bo? !mes are discuss$ & /ormy episodes ensue4 ,aft] ! return ( ! two ma9 !mes ! ov]ture ends ) a brilliant coda4 ,! ,ru/ic ,w$d+ ,symphony 7,la5dli*e ,ho*zeit71 op4 #bf 7#ahgf7 is a programmatic composition = or*e/ra 9 five movem5ts4 ,! fir/ is a 8,w$d+ ,m>*0 9 :i* ! ma9 melody 7giv5 9 fragm5ts 9 ! l[] /r+s7 is subject$ to ?irte5 v>iations4 ,! second movem5t is a 8,bridal ,song10 a lovely tune ma9ly = oboe 9 :i* ! fir/-movem5t m>* subject occasionally intrudes 9 ! backgr\nd 9 ! basses4 ,?is is foll[$ by ! ?ird-movem5t 8,s]5ade10 its ma9 subject be+ a spaci\s melody ma9ly = ! viol9s4 ,! f\r? movem5t1 8,9 ! ,g>d510 depicts ! walk ( two lov]s 9 a g>d5 z !y ex*ange t5d] s5tim5ts4 ,! symphony ends ) a vital 8,dance10 9 :i* ! ma9 !me receives fugal treatm5t4 ,! conc]t ov]ture = or*e/ra1 ,sakuntala1 op4 #ac 7#ahfe7--) :i* ! compos] a*iev$ 8 fir/ major success & :i* is /ill "o ( 8 mo/ popul> works--0 bas$ on ! celebrat$ /ory ( ,kalidasa4 ,sakuntala is ! daught] ( a wat] nymph :o is rais$ by a prie/ z 8 own daught]4 ,! ,k+ falls 9 love ) h] & m>ries h]1 giv+ h] a r+ :i* w always id5tify h] z 8 wife4 ,a p[]ful prie/1 seek+ rev5ge aga9/ ,sakuntala1 effects a loss ( memory 9 ! k+1 :o n[ no long] recognizes h] z 8 wife4 ,to complicate matt]s fur!r1 ,sakuntala has lo/ h] r+ :ile wa%+ clo!s 9 a sacr$ riv]4 ,aft] be+ repudiat$ by ! k+ z a fraud1 ,sakuntala returns to h] wat]-nymph "m4 ,! k+'s memory is re/or$ :5 ! r+ is f\nd1 & he is ov]:elm$ ) grief at 8 loss ( ,sakuntala4 ,a somb] introduction is highlight$ by a rippl+ subject 9 l[] /r+s & bassoons sugge/+ ! wat] :i* 0 ,sakuntala's orig9al abode & to :i* %e f9ally returns4 ,aft] a *ange ( tempo1 cl>9ets & cellos 9 unison (f] a beautiful love melody4 ,?is is foll[$ by a hunt+ !me 9 fir/ viol9s & oboes :ile ! second viol9s & violas pres5t a fragm5t ( ! love song z a c\nt]subject4 ,aft] ?is mat]ial has be5 amplifi$ into a l\d & dramatic climax !re comes /ill a ?ird idea1 9 oboes & ,engli% horn aga9/ *ords 9 h>p & arpeggios 9 /r+s4 ,9 a free fantasia section "s ( ?is mat]ial is review$ aft] :i* ! coda (f]s ! hunt+ !me1 & aft] t ! love melody4 ,a climax is realiz$ ) ! hunt+ !me br++ ! ov]ture to a dramatic end+4 ,rub9 ,goldm>k ,rub9 ,goldm>k1 nephew ( ,k>l1 0 born 9 ,new ,york ,city on ,augu/ #ae1 #ahgb4 ,aft] /udy+ music ) private tea*]s 9 ,new ,york1 he att5d$ fir/ ! ,vi5na ,cons]vatory 9 ,au/ria1 & aft] t ! ,national ,cons]vatory 9 ,new ,york :]e "o ( 8 tea*]s 0 ,anton9 ,dvok4 ,8 prim>y en]gy 0 direct$ to tea*+4 ,= six ye>s he 0 ! director ( ! ,colorado ,college ,cons]vatory1 & f #aibd until 8 dea? head ( ! composition dep>tm5t at ! ,juilli>d ,s*ool ( ,music 9 ,new ,york4 ,z a compos]1 ,goldm>k is mo/ (t5 rememb]$ = ! ,negro ,rhapsody & ! ,requiem = or*e/ra1 ! latt] inspir$ by ,l9coln's ,gettysburg ,address4 ,goldm>k di$ 9 ,new ,york ,city on ,m>* #f1 #aicf4 ,x is ) ! ,negro ,rhapsody 7#aibc7 t ,goldm>k is mo/ (t5 repres5t$ on conc]t & semi-classical conc]ts4 ,z its title sugge/s ! "w is made up ( ,negro melodies4 ,aft] a sl[ introduction1 ! cellos & violas 9 unison (f] ! /ra9s ( 8,nobody ,kn[s ,de ,tr\ble ,i'd ,se540 ,be=e long1 ! basses are he>d 9 8,o ,pet]1 ,g ,r+ ,dem ,bells40 ,! ma9 section ( ! rhapsody beg9s ) a v>iation ( 8,nobody ,kn[s ,de ,tr\ble ,i'd ,se50 & a repeat ( 8,o ,pet]40 ,! viol9s !n engage 8,oh ,religion1 ,i ,see ,=tune10 & ! ,engli% horn is he>d 9 8,sometimes ,i ,feel ,l a ,mo!rless ,*ild40 ,aft] ! solo cello quotes two measures ( 8,oh1 ,:5 ,i ,come to ,die10 ! la/ ,negro melody ( ! rhapsody appe>s4 ,?is melody comes f an untitl$ song f\nd by ,goldm>k 9 a magaz9e1 a tune sung by ,t5nessee ,negroes :ile work+ on ! riv]4 ,franois ,gossec ,franois ,joseph ,gossec 0 born 9 ,v]gnis1 ,belgium1 on ,janu>y #ag1 #agcd4 ,aft] receiv+ "s music in/ruction 9 8 native t[n1 he came to ,p>is 9 #agea1 & ?ree ye>s aft] t 0 atta*$ to ! musical =ces employ$ by ,la ,p\pl9ire4 ,= ^! conc]ts1 ,gossec wrote _m symphonies & *amb]-music works4 ,he lat] work$ 9 a simil> capacity = ! ,pr9ce de ,conti4 ,9 #aggj he f\nd$ ! ,conc]ts des ,amateurs1 9 #aggc became director ( ! ,conc]t ,spirituel1 & f #aghj to #aghe 0 conductor at ! ,p>is ,opra4 ,:5 ! ,p>is ,cons]vatory 0 e/abli%$ 9 #agie ,gossec became ,inspector & pr(essor ( composition4 ,9 ! same ye> he also became a memb] ( ! newly f\nd$ ,in/itut de ,france4 ,dur+ ! ,fr5* ,revolution he wrote _m works celebrat+ ev5ts gr[+ out ( t political upheaval1 ally+ himself ) ! new regime4 ,he liv$ to a ripe old age1 sp5d+ ! la/ ye>s ( 8 life 9 retirem5t 9 ,passy4 ,he di$ 9 ,p>is on ,febru>y #af1 #ahbi4 ,gossec 0 a significant pione] ( ,fr5* or*e/ral & *amb] music1 ?\gh little ( 8 music is rememb]$4 ,:at rema9s alive1 h[ev]1 is a graceful trifle3 ! ,gavotte1 "o ( ! mo/ popul> pieces ev] writt5 9 t =m4 ,?is music comes f "o ( 8 op]as1 ,ros9a 7#aghf72 a transcription = viol9 & piano by ,willy ,burmei/] is fam\s4 ,l\is ,gotts*alk ,l\is ,moreau ,gotts*alk 0 born 9 ,new ,orleans on ,may #h1 #ahbi4 ,8 music /udy took place 9 ,p>is :]e he specializ$ 9 ! piano4 ,he gave _m successful conc]ts z piani/ 9 ,france1 ,switz]l& & ,spa9 be=e return+ to ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 #ahec4 ,he !n began ! fir/ ( _m t\rs ( ! c\ntry1 to become ! fir/ significant ,am]ican-born piano virtuoso4 ,at 8 conc]ts he featur$ _m ( 8 own works2 8 reputation z a compos] 0 second only to t z virtuoso4 ,he 0 on t\r ( ,s\? ,am]ica :5 he 0 /rick5 by yell[ fev]4 ,he di$ 9 ,rio de ,janeiro on ,decemb] #ah1 #ahfi4 ,gotts*alk 0 ! compos] ( num]\s salon pieces = ! piano1 enorm\sly popul> 9 8 day--a favorite ( "y piani/s ev]y:]e4 ,"o ( ^! pieces is 8,! ,banjo10 famili> on semi-classical programs 9 or*e/ral arrangem5ts4 ,9 8 music ,gotts*alk (t5 employ$ ei!r ,spani% or native ,am]ican idioms4 ,! contempor>y ,am]ican compos]1 ,ulysses ,kay1 us$ sev]al ( ,gotts*alk's piano pieces = a ballet score1 ,cakewalk4 ,?is ballet1 ) *oreography by ,ru?anna ,boris bas$ on ! m9/rel %[1 0 introduc$ by ! ,new ,york ,city ,ballet 9 ,new ,york on ,june #ab1 #aiea4 ,! danc]s "h translate ! r\t9es ( ! old m9/rel %[ into dance =ms & idioms4 ,an or*e/ral suite1 d]iv$ f ?is ballet score1 has five sections3 8,gr& ,walk>\nd10 9 :i* ! p]=m]s /rut ar\nd ! /age l$ by ! int]locutor2 8,wallfl[] ,waltz10 music to a sl[1 sad dance p]=m$ solo by a lonely girl2 8,sleight ( ,feet10 a rhy?mic specialty accompany+ feats ( magic p]=m$ by ! ,int]locutor2 8,p]p5dicul> ,po9ts10 a toe dance p]=m$ by ! two end m51 "o v tall1 ! o!r v %ort2 & 8,freebee10 an excit+ dance p]=m$ by ! girl1 z o!r p]=m]s accompany h] dance ) ! rhy?m ( clapp+ h&s4 ,morton ,g\ld ,morton ,g\ld 0 born 9 ,new ,york ,city on ,decemb] #aj1 #aiac4 ,he receiv$ a compreh5sive musical education at ! ,in/itute ( ,musical ,art 9 ,new ,york1 at ,new ,york ,univ]sity1 & privately 7piano7 ) ,abby ,:iteside4 ,aft] complet+ ^! /udies1 he play$ ! piano 9 motion-picture !at]s & vaudeville h\ses & s]v$ z ! /aff piani/ = ! ,radio ,city ,music ,hall4 ,he 0 only eighte5 :5 ! ,philadelphia ,or*e/ra "u ,/ok[ski introduc$ 8 ,*orale & ,fugue 9 ,jazz1 8 fir/ successful ef=t to comb9e classical =ms & te*niques ) mod]n popul> ,am]ican idioms4 ,9 8 tw5ty-fir/ ye> he />t$ conduct+ an or*e/ra = radio1 & mak+ brilliant transcriptions ( popul> & semi-classical favorites = ^! broadca/s4 ,dur+ ! next two decades he 0 "o ( radio's out/&+ musical p]sonalities1 8 programs enjoy+ important sponsor%ip4 ,dur+ ?is p]iod he wrote _m works = or*e/ra :i* h be5 p]=m$ by ,am]ica's =emo/ symphony or*e/ras4 ,he also wrote ! scores = sev]al successful ballets 7includ+ ,int]play & ,fall ,riv] ,leg5d71 z well z music = ,broadway musical com$ies & motion pictures4 ,l ,g]%w91 ,g\ld has be5 a major figure 9 help+ make s]i\s music popul> by writ+ ambiti\s conc]t works :i* make a skilful bl5d ( s]i\s & popul> musical elem5ts4 ,g]%w9 came to ! writ+ ( s]i\s conc]t works aft] appr5tice%ip 9 ,t9 ,pan ,alley2 ,g\ld1 on ! o!r h&1 came to popul> writ+ aft] an int5sive c>e] 9 s]i\s music4 ,?us he br+s to 8 m popul> ef=ts an extraord9>y te*nique 9 composition1 advanc$ ?9k+ 9 or*e/ration1 h>mony1 c\nt]po9t1 & rhy?m4 ,yet !re is no?+ p$antic ab\t 8 writ+4 ,_m ( 8 works are su* consi/5t favorites ) audi5ces because !y are ! creations ( a consummate musician )\t los+ popul> appeal4 ,few h be5 m successful ?an ,g\ld 9 a*iev+ su* a syn!sis betwe5 conc]t & popul> music4 ,am]ican ,salute 7#aidb7 is a brilliant or*e/ral adaptation ( ! fam\s ,am]ican popul> song by ,patrick ,gilmore1 8,:5 ,johnny ,comes ,m>*+ ,home40 ,?\gh writt5 dur+ ! ,civil ,w>1 ?is robu/ m>*+ song became mo/ popul> dur+ ! ,spani% ,am]ican ,w> ) :i* x is today mo/ (t5 associat$4 ,g\ld prep>$ ?is composition dur+ ,_w ,w> ,,ii = an all-,am]ican music conc]t broadca/ ov] ! ,mutual radio network on ,febru>y #ab1 #aidb4 8,i h attempt$10 ,g\ld expla9$1 8a v simple & direct translation 9 or*e/ral idiom ( ?is vital tune4 ,!re is no?+ mu* t c be said ab\t ! /ructure or ! treatm5t because ,i ?9k x is :at y might call #8self-auditory4'0 ,! ,am]ican ,symphonette ,no4 #b is "o ( sev]al works = or*e/ra 9 ! s9fonietta =m 9 :i* ,g\ld made a consci\s ef=t to fuse classical /ructure ) elem5ts ( popul> music4 ,! compos]'s purpose1 z he expla9$1 0 8ent]ta9m5t1 9 ! bett] s5se ( ! t]m40 ,! mo/ fam\s movem5t is ! middle "o1 a 8,pavane10 (t5 play$ indep5d5tly ( ! o!r movem5ts4 ,x is p>ticul>ly favor$ by s*ool or*e/ras1 & has also be5 adapt$ = jazz b&4 ,! old & /ately classical dance ( ! ,pavane is "h m>ri$ to a spicy jazz tune jauntily pres5t$ by ! trumpet2 !re are "h ov]tones ( a g5tle sadness4 ,! fir/ & la/ movem5ts ( ?is ,symphonette ab\nd ) jazz rhy?ms & melodies1 respectively m>k$ 8,mod]ately ,fa/1 ,) ,vigor0 & 8,racy40 ,! ,c[boy ,rhapsody 7#aidd7 />t$ out z a composition = brass b&1 b 0 lat] adapt$ by ! compos] = or*e/ra4 ,?is is a rhapsodic treatm5t ( sev]al famili> & less famili> c[boy tunes includ+ 8,old ,pa9t10 8,home on ! ,range10 8,trail to ,mexico0 & 8,little ,old ,sod ,%anty40 ,! compos] "h attempt$ 8a program "w t w\ld effectively utilize ! m>vel\s vigor & s5tim5t ( ^! unusual songs40 ,family ,album 7#aiea7 is "o ( two suites 9 :i* ,g\ld evokes no/algic pictures ( ! ,am]ican sc5e & holidays ?r\gh atmosph]ic melodies4 7,! o!r suite is ,holiday ,music1 writt5 9 #aidg47 ,! compos] expla9s t ! music ( bo? ^! suites is s simple & direct 9 its pictorial appeal t x requires no program o!r ?an ! titles ( ! respective movem5ts to be und]/ood & appreciat$2 nor is any analysis ( ! music itself call$ =4 ,family ,album1 = brass b&1 is made up ( five brief movem5ts3 8,out+ 9 ! ,p>k10 8,por* ,sw+ on a ,summ] ,ev5+10 8,nickelodeon10 8,old ,romance0 & 8,horseless ,c>riage ,gallop40 ,holiday ,music1 = or*e/ra1 also has five movem5ts3 8,home = ,*ri/mas10 8,f\r? ( ,july10 8,ea/] ,morn+10 8,! ,fir/ ,?anksgiv+10 & 8,hall[e540 ,int]play is a ballet ) *oreography by ,j]ome ,robb9s introduc$ 9 ,new ,york 9 #aide4 ,! score is an adaptation ( ! compos]'s ,am]ican ,conc]tette1 = piano & or*e/ra1 writt5 = ! piano virtuoso1 ,jos ,iturbi4 ,! text ( ! ballet contra/s classic & pres5t-day dances2 ,g\ld's music is a delightful contra/ betwe5 old =ms & /yles1 & mod]n or popul> ones4 ,int]play1 z ! conc]t "w is n[ call$1 has f\r movem5ts1 ea* ( popul> appeal4 ,! fir/1 8,) ,drive & ,vigor10 0 describ$ by ! compos] z 8bra%40 ,x has two sprightly ma9 !mes & a brief developm5t4 ,?is is foll[$ by a 8,gavotte0 9 :i* ! compos] directs 8a sly glance to ! classical mode40 ,! ?ird movem5t is a 8,blues10 8a v simple &1 9 spots1 #8dirty' type ( sl[1 no/algic mood40 ,! f9ale1 8,v ,fa/0 br+s ! composition to a brea?less conclusion ?r\gh unrel5t+ motor en]gy4 ,lat9-,am]ican ,symphonette1 = or*e/ra 7#aida7 is ! f\r? ( ,g\ld's s9foniettas us+ popul> idioms4 ,! ?ree e>li] ones exploit jazz1 :ile ! f\r? consi/s ( ideas & idioms indig5\s to ,lat9 ,am]ica4 ,ea* ( ! f\r movem5ts consi/s ( a /yliz$ ,lat9-,am]ican dance =m3 8,rumba10 8,tango10 8,gu>a*a10 & 8,conga40 ,9 ,m9/rel ,%[ 7#aidf7 ,g\ld tri$ to br+ to or*e/ral music "s ( ! flavor ( old "t m9/rel-%[ tunes & /yles4 ,!re are no borr[+s f actual m9/rel %[s4 ,all ! melodies are ! compos]'s own1 b !y incorporate "s ( ! /yli/ic elem5ts ( ! orig9al product4 8,! composition10 ,g\ld goes on to say1 8alt]nates betwe5 gay & no/algic passages4 ,!re are *>act]i/ic slid+ trombone & banjo effects1 & 9 ! middle ( ! piece ! s&pap] blocks & o!r p]cussion convey ! s\nds & tempo ( a s(t-%oe dance4 ,! score ends on a jubilant note40 ,yankee ,doodle ,w5t to ,t[n1 l ! ,am]ican ,salute1 is ! pres5tation ( a popul> ,am]ican tune 9 mod]n or*e/ration & h>mony4 ,! tune 9 ?is case is1 to be sure1 8,yankee ,doodle10 probably ( ,engli% orig9 :i* made its fir/ appe>ance 9 ?is c\ntry 9 #agee4 ,! g5]al belief is t x 0 us$ by a c]ta9 ,ri*>d ,%u*burg1 a ,briti% ,army soldi]1 to poke fun at ! decrepit colonial troops4 ,= two decades aft] t ! tune 0 frequ5tly he>d 9 ! ,colonies z ! means by :i* ,briti% soldi]s c\ld taunt ,colonials4 ,once ! ,revolution broke out1 h[ev]1 ! coloni/s us$ 8,yankee ,doodle0 z its favorite w> song1 & x 0 sung lu/ily by !m :5 ,cornwallis surr5d]$ at ,yorkt[n4 ,g\ld's or*e/ration emphasizes "s ( ! humor\s elem5ts 9 ! song1 :ile giv+ x "s fre%ness & vitality ?r\gh 8 f9e s5se = or*e/ral color & /rik+ h>monizations4 ,*>les ,g\nod ,*>les ,franois ,g\nod 0 born 9 ,p>is on ,june #ag1 #ahah4 ,he receiv$ 8 academic education at ! ,lyce ,/4 ,l\is1 & 8 musical tra9+ at ! ,p>is ,cons]vatory ) ,halvy & ,lesueur among o!rs4 ,9 #ahci he won ! ,prix de ,rome4 ,dur+ 8 /ay 9 ,italy he became int]e/$ 9 *ur* music & complet$ sev]al *oral works4 ,he turn$ to op]a aft] return+ to ,p>is1 8 fir/ "w = ! lyric /age be+ ,sapho1 successfully produc$ at ! ,p>is ,opra 9 #ahea4 ,f !n on1 = _m ye>s1 he conc5trat$ ma9ly on op]a1 w9n+ _w r5[n 9 #ahei ) ,fau/4 ,9 #ahgj he visit$ ,london :]e he conduct$ or*e/ral & *oral conc]ts4 ,dur+ ! la/ ye>s ( 8 life he devot$ himself = ! mo/ "p to ! writ+ ( religi\s music4 ,g\nod di$ 9 ,p>is on ,octob] #ah1 #ahic4 ,he is mo/ fam\s = 8 op]as1 & mo/ specifically = ,fau/1 ?\gh ,mireille 7#ahfd7 & ,romo et ,juliette 7#ahfg7 h also be5 highly acclaim$ & frequ5tly giv54 ,g\nod 0 a compos] :o convey$ to 8 music s5sitive human values4 ,he 0 a melodi/ ( ! fir/ ord]1 8 lyricism enhanc$ 9 its expressiv5ess ?r\gh 8 subtle feel+ = or*e/ral & h>monic colors4 ,! ,ave ,m>ia1 :ile orig9ally a song1 is fam\s 9 transcriptions = solo in/rum5ts & also = or*e/ra4 ,! int]e/+ feature ( ?is "w is ! fact t ,g\nod wrote ?is spiritual1 deeply mov+ melody to ! fam\s pray] 9 ,lat91 aga9/ an accompanim5t compris+ ! music 7)\t any *ange :atsoev]7 ( ,ba*'s ,prelude 9 ,c major f ! ,well-,temp]$ ,clavi]4 ,! m>riage ( melody & accompanim5t is s ideal x is difficult to realize t ea* is ! "w ( a diff]5t compos] f a diff]5t g5]ation4 ,g\nod's ma/]work1 ! op]a ,fau/1 is surely "o ( ! mo/ celebrat$ works ( ! ,fr5* lyric !at]4 ,_m ( its selections are des]v$ly popul>4 ,! op]a--libretto by ,jules ,b>bi] & ,mi*el ,c>r bas$ on ! poetic drama ( ,goe!--0 fir/ p]=m$ 9 ,p>is on ,m>* #ai1 #ahei4 ,/range to report1 x 0 orig9ally a failure ) bo? audi5ce & critics4 ,n until x 0 reviv$ 9 ,p>is 9 #ahfi did ! op]a f9ally w9 favor2 f ?is po9t x w5t on to conqu] ! _w4 ,"o ( ! reasons = ?is p]man5t1 if some:at belat$1 success1 is ! s\nd !atrical values ( ! libretto4 ,! op]a is consi/5tly excell5t !at]1 ri* ) emotion1 pa?os1 drama1 pomp & c]emony4 ,! /ory1 ( c\rse1 is t ( ! celebrat$ ,fau/ leg5d4 ,fau/ makes a pact ) ! devil1 ,mephi/opheles1 to trade 8 s\l = ! return ( 8 y\?4 ,z a "y man1 ,fau/ makes love to ,m>gu]ite4 ,:5 %e becomes a "m %e kills h] *ild4 ,fau/ comes to h] prison cell to entreat h] to escape1 b %e does n seem to und]/& him4 ,aft] h] puni%m5t by dea?1 ,fau/ is l$ to 8 own doom by ,mephi/opheles4 ,p]haps ! mo/ fam\s s+le exc]pt f ! op]a is ! r\s+ ,soldi]'s ,*orus 78,gloire immortelle des nos aeux07 f ,act #d1 ,sc5e #c4 ,! soldi]s1 return+ f ! w>1 s+ out _! joy on com+ home victori\s4 ,?is episode is celebrat$ 9 transcriptions ei!r = or*e/ra or = brass b&4 ,almo/ z popul> is ! captivat+ ,waltz 9 ,act #b4 ,9 ! op]a x is sung & danc$ by villag]s dur+ a celebration 9 ! public squ>e 78,a9si que la brise lgre072 ?is exc]pt is also famili> 9 transcription4 ,! ,walpurgis ,night ,ballet ,music f ,fau/1 ?\gh g5]ally omitt$ f ! p]=mances ( ! op]a itself1 has become a conc]t favorite4 ,?is music is giv5 9 ,p>is dur+ ! fir/ sc5e ( ! la/ act4 ,! classic que5s--,hel51 ,phryne & ,cleopatra--& _! att5dants are call$ ^u to dance to di/ort$ v]sions ( sev]al ( ! op]a's belov$ melodies4 ,!re are "h sev5 dances ( :i* six appe> 9 ! score only ) tempo m>k+s3 ,waltz1 ,adagio1 ,allegretto1 ,mod]ato mae/oso1 ,mod]ato con moto1 ,allegretto1 & ,allegro vivo4 ,:5 an or*e/ral potp\rri f ! op]a is giv5 by semi-classical or*e/ra1 x includes "s o!r belov$ exc]pts3 ,m>gu]ite's 8,jewel ,song0 78,je ris de me voir071 9 :i* %e speaks h] joy 9 f9d+ ! casket ( jewels secretly plac$ = h] 9 h] g>d5 by ,fau/2 ! r\s+ ,k]messe or ,fair ,music t op5s ! second act1 8,v9 ou bire02 ,mephi/opheles' cynical comm5t on man's gre$ = gold1 8,le ,veau d'or02 ,fau/'s hymn ( love = ,m>gu]ite1 8,o belle enfant6 je t'aime02 ! 8,*orus ( ,swords0 78,de l'enf] qui vi5t m\ss]071 a vibrant exhortation by ! "y m5 ( ! village :o1 s5s+ !y are 9 ! pres5ce ( ! devil1 raise _! swords 9 ! =m ( a cross to conf\nd him4 ,! ,fun]al ,m>* ( a ,m>ionette 7,m>*e funbre d'une m>ionnette7 is a delightful piece orig9ally writt5 = ! piano 9 #ahgc1 & aft] t transcrib$ by ! compos] = or*e/ra4 ,g\nod _h hopes to make x ! fir/ movem5t ( a piano suite4 ,:5 he fail$ to complete t suite1 he issu$ ! m>* z a sep>ate piece ( music 9 ! n[-fam\s or*e/ral v]sion4 ,! op5+ m>* music tells ( ! procession ( pallbe>]s to a cemet]y z !y c>ry a dead m>ionette4 ,a bright] _s is induc$ z ! pallbe>]s /op (f at an inn4 ,!n ! procession cont9ues4 ,! fun]eal atmosph]e ( ! clos+ measures speaks ( ! ephem]al nature ( all life1 ev5 ! life ( a m>ionette4 ,! op]a ,mireille--libretto by ,b>bi] & ,c>r bas$ on ,mi/ral's poem1 ,mirio--is n (t5 p]=m$4 ,b ?is is n true ( its ov]ture4 ,! op]a 0 fir/ p]=m$ 9 ,p>is on ,m>* #ai1 #ahfd4 ,! /ory revolves ar\nd ! tragic love affair ( ! ,prov5al girl1 ,mireille1 & ! basket-weav]1 ,v9c5t4 ,! ov]ture op5s ) a sl[ introduction 9 :i* a /ately idea is (f]$ by ! woodw9d4 ,9 ! ma9 body1 ! pr9cipal melody is he>d 9 ! /r+s :ile ! subsidi>y !me is fir/ pres5t$ by ! viol9s4 ,aft] bo? ideas are amplifi$1 a cresc5do section leads to ! triumphant reappe>ance ( ! fir/ !me 9 ! full or*e/ra4 ,! ov]ture ends ) a %ort b spirit$ coda4 ,out ( ! op]a ,romo et ,juliet comes a mo/ *>m+ waltz4 ,! op]a 0 introduc$ 9 ,p>is on ,april #bg1 #ahfg4 ,! libretto1 once aga9 by ,b>bi] & ,c>r1 0 bas$ on ! ,%akespe>e trag$y4 ,! waltz op5s ! fir/ act1 a ballroom sc5e 9 ! ,capulet palace honor+ ,juliet4 ,aga9/ ! lilt+ /ra9s ( ?is music1 ! gue/s p]=m an eye-fill+ dance4 ,p]cy ,gra+] ,p]cy ,aldridge ,gra+] 0 born 9 ,melb\rne1 ,au/ralia on ,july #h1 #ahhb4 ,aft] receiv+ "s piano in/ruction f 8 "m he 0 s5t to ,g]many 9 8 twelf? ye> to cont9ue 8 music /udy ) ,james ,kwa/ & ,f]ruccio ,busoni4 ,9 #aijj he made 8 debut z conc]t piani/ 9 ,london1 foll[+ :i* he made an ext5d$ t\r ( ,great ,brita91 ,new ,zeal&1 ,au/ralia1 & ,s\? ,africa4 ,a meet+ ) ,grieg1 9 #aijf1 0 a significant influ5ce 9 ,gra+]'s arti/ic developm5t4 ,grieg infect$ ! "y man ) "s ( 8 own en?usiasm = folk music4 ,! result 0 t ,gra+] n[ began to devote himself to rese>* 9 ! ,engli% folk music ( ! pa/4 ,8 or*e/ral & piano arrangem5ts ( _m ( ^! folk tunes & dances1 betwe5 #aijh & #aiab1 7 responsible = br++ !m to ! att5tion ( ! music _w4 ,9 #aiae1 ,gra+] made 8 debut z piani/ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,he has liv$ 9 ,am]ica s9ce t "t1 devot+ himself to conc]t "w1 lectur+ & tea*+1 besides composition4 ,gra+] di$ 9 ,:ite ,pla9s1 ,new ,york1 on ,febru>y #bj1 #aifa4 ,9 8 own music1 ,gra+] reveals ! impact t 8 /udies 9 ,engli% music made ^u him3 9 8 p>tiality to modal writ+1 to ! contrapuntal te*nique1 to placid lyricism4 ,b x is 9 8 fre% arrangem5ts ( old ,engli% songs & dances t ,gra+] is mo/ fam\s4 8,ev5 :5 he keeps ! folk songs )9 _! orig9al dim5sions10 says ,cyril ,scott1 8he has a way ( deal+ ) !m :i* is entirely new1 yet at ! same "t nev] lack+ 9 ta/e40 ,brigg ,fair is a pla9tive melody ( pa/oral "* f ! di/rict ( ,l9coln%ire4 ,x 0 us$ by ! contempor>y ,briti% compos]1 ,fr$]ick ,delius1 z ! basis = 8 or*e/ral rhapsody ( ! same "n 7d$icat$ to ,gra+]74 ,! bucolic & ev] popul> ,c\ntry ,g>d5s is a 8,mock ,morris10 ! 8,mock ,morris0 be+ an old ,engli% dance popul> dur+ ! reign ( ,h5ry ,,vii & s9ce !n associat$ ) fe/ivities att5d+ ,may ,day4 ,gra+]'s orig9al transcription 0 = piano solo1 & only lat] did he adapt x = or*e/ra4 ,h&el 9 ! ,/r& is a lively clog dance4 ,iri% ,tune f ,c\nty ,d]ry is bett] kn[n z ! ,londond]ry ,air1 a poignant melody n[ kn[n to u ?r\gh num]\s v]sions o!r ?an t orig9ally made fam\s by ,gra+]4 ,! piece1 designat$ z a ,mock ,morris1 is "o ( a s]ies 9 a collection entitl$ ,room ,music ,tit ,bits4 8,no folk music tune-/uffs at all are us$ h]e910 says ! compos]4 8,! rhy?mic ca/ ( ! piece is ,morris-l1 b nei!r ! build ( ! tunes nor ! g5]al lay\t ( ! =m keeps to ! ,morris dance %ape40 ,! lively ,molly on ! ,%ore 0 fir/ writt5 = piano be=e be+ adapt$ by ! compos] = or*e/ra4 ,%eph]d's ,hey is a ,mock ,morris & consi/s ( f\r tunes1 two fiddle tunes & two folk songs4 ,( ,gra+]'s own compositions ?ree are ( g5]al int]e/4 ,! ,*ildr5's ,m>* 7#aiag7 0 writt5 dur+ ,_w ,w> ,i = ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,army ,b&4 8,?is m>*10 says ! compos]1 8is /ructurally ( a complicat$ build1 on acc\nt ( ! l>ge numb] ( diff]5t !mes & tunes employ$ & ( ! v>i$ & irregul> int]play ( _m contra/$ sections4 ,tonally speak+1 x is a /udy 9 ! bl5d ( piano1 w9d1 & p]cussion in/rum5ts40 ,passacaglia on ,gre5 ,bu%es has two v]sions4 ,"o is = small or*e/ra1 & ! o!r = a l>ge "o4 ,?is composition is built ar\nd ! folk melody 8,gre5 ,bu%es0 :i* rema9s un*ang$ 9 key1 l9e1 & rhy?m ?r\gh\t ! "w 7except = eight measures ( free passage "w ne> ! beg9n+1 & =ty measures at ! end74 ,aga9/ ?is melody move sev]al folk-l melodies ( ,gra+]'s own inv5tion4 ,y\?ful ,suite = or*e/ra is made up ( five sections4 ,"p ( ?is "w 0 complet$ 9 #aijb1 & "p 9 #aide4 ,! fir/ movem5t1 8,nor!rn ,m>*10 d]ives its "* f ! melodic & rhy?mic traits ( ! folk music ( ,nor? ,engl& & ,scotl&4 ,! ma9 melody "h acquires its folk-song "* ?r\gh ! use ( ! flat-sev5? m9or scale4 8,ru/ic ,dance0 a*ieves an exotic quality ?r\gh ! employm5t ( an unusual v>iant ( ! ,f major *ord4 8,norse ,digg]0 is a somb] lam5t 9 :i* is m\rn$ ! pass+ ( a dead h]o1 possibly f an ,icel&ic saga4 8,ea/]n ,int]mezzo0 has an ,ori5tal ca/4 ,! repeat$ use ( drum beats & ! virile rhy?ms 7 inspir$ by a read+ ( a description ( ! dance ( ! elephants 9 ,toomal ( ! ,elephants f ,kipl+'s ,jungle ,book4 ,?is suite ends ) a =mal 8,engli% ,waltz40 ,enrique ,granados ,enrique ,granados 0 born 9 ,lrida1 ,spa91 on ,july #bg1 #ahfg4 ,aft] complet+ 8 music /udy at ,cons]vatories 9 ,b>celona & ,madrid1 & privately ) ,*>les de ,briot 9 ,p>is1 he e>n$ 8 liv+ play+ ! piano 9 ,spani% re/aurants4 ,9 #ahih1 8 fir/ op]a 0 produc$ 9 ,madrid1 ,m>ia del ,c>m54 ,! national id5tity ( ?is music 0 to *>act]ize all ( ,granados' subsequ5t works & place him among ! mo/ significant ( ,spani% national compos]s4 ,8 mo/ fam\s composition is ,goyescas1 a rem>kable s]ies ( piano pieces inspir$ by ! pa9t+s ( ,goya2 ! compos] lat] adapt$ ?is music = an op]a1 also call$ ,goyescas1 :i* receiv$ its _w premire 9 ,new ,york at ! ,metropolitan ,op]a on ,janu>y #bh1 #aiah4 ,granados came to ! ,unit$ ,/ates to att5d ?is p]=mance1 aft] :i* he visit$ ,wa%+ton1 ,d4,c4 to play ! piano = ,presid5t ,wilson at ! ,:ite ,h\se4 ,he 0 abo>d ! %ip ,folk/one1 sail+ f ,folk/one to ,dieppe1 :5 x 0 torp$o$ by a ,g]man ,u-,boat dur+ ,_w ,w> ,i on ,m>* #bd1 #aiaf1 br++ him to 8 dea?4 ,9 _! rhy?mic & h>monic vocabul>y1 ,granados' be/ music is unmi/akably ,spani%4 ,p]haps 8 mo/ fam\s s+le piece ( music is an or*e/ral 8,int]mezzo0 f ! op]a ,goyescas4 ,he wrote x aft] he _h fully complet$ 8 score to ! op]a because ! directors ( ! ,metropolitan ,op]a fill$ ! ne$ ( an in/rum5tal int]lude4 ,?is s5sual ,spani% melody is z fam\s 9 v>i\s transcriptions 7includ+ "o = cello & piano by ,gasp> ,cassad7 z x is 9 its orig9al or*e/ral v]sion4 ,twelve ,spani% ,dances1 = piano1 op4 #cg 7#ahic7 are also popul>4 ,! mo/ frequ5tly p]=m$ ( ^! is ! fif? 9 ,e m9or nam$ ,&aluza 7or ,play]a74 ,fritz ,kreisl] transcrib$ x = viol9 & piano1 "o ( num]\s adaptations4 ,! six? 9 ,d major is also famili>--,rondalla ,aragonesa1 a jota1 transcrib$ = viol9 & piano by ,jacques ,?ibaud4 ,edv>d ,grieg ,edv>d ,hag]up ,grieg1 ,norway's greate/ compos]1 0 born 9 ,b]g5 on ,june #ae1 #ahdc4 ,reveal+ unusual tal5t = music z a boy1 he 0 s5t to ! ,leipzig ,cons]vatory 9 #aheh4 ,he rema9$ !re sev]al ye>s1 a pupil ( ,plaidy1 ,mos*eles1 & ,re9ecke among o!rs4 ,9 #ahfc he return$ to 8 native l& :]e sev]al ( 8 e>ly compositions 7 p]=m$4 ,he !n liv$ = sev]al ye>s 9 ,cop5hag54 ,!re he met & became a fri5d ( two musicians :o int]e/$ him 9 ,sc&9avian music & musical nationalism3 ,niels ,gade & ,rik>d ,nordraak4 ,"u _! guidance & /imulation ,grieg began writ+ music 9 a national /yle1 beg9n+ ) ! ,humoresques = piano1 op4 #f1 :i* he d$icat$ to ,nordraak4 ,grieg also became a sponsor ( ,sc&9avian music & compos]s by help+ ,nordraak organize a society = _! b5efit4 ,9 #ahff1 ,grieg help$ arrange 9 ,oslo ! fir/ conc]t ev] giv5 ov] entirely to ,norwegian music2 a ye> lat] he help$ f\nd ! ,norwegian ,academy ( ,music4 ,he also s]v$ z a conductor ( ! ,h>monic ,society1 an important influ5ce 9 pres5t+ ,sc&9avian music4 ,aft] m>ry+ ,n9a ,hag]up 9 #ahfg1 ,grieg settl$ 9 ,oslo to assume an imp]ial position 9 its musical life4 ,he also a*iev$ worldwide recognition z a compos] ?r\gh 8 viol9 ,sonata 9 ,f major1 ! ,a major piano conc]to1 & ! incid5tal music to ,ibs5's ,pe] ,gynt4 ,he 0 ! recipi5t ( _m honors bo? f 8 native l& & f =eign c\ntries4 ,8 sixtie? bir?day 0 honor$ z a national ,norwegian holiday4 ,f #ahhe on ,grieg liv$ 9 a beautiful villa1 ,troldhaug51 a few miles f ,b]g54 ,music lov]s made pilgrimages to meet him & pay him tribute4 ,8 rema9s 7 buri$ !re foll[+ 8 sudd5 dea? 9 ,b]g5 on ,septemb] #d1 #aijg4 ,its national id5tity is ! quality t sets ,grieg's music ap>t f t ( mo/ ( ! o!r ,romantici/s ( 8 day4 ,?\gh he r>ely quot$ folk melodies or dance tunes directly1 he produc$ music t is ,norwegian to its core4 ,9 8 be/ music he speaks ( ,norway's geography1 culture1 p1 backgr\nds1 holidays1 & leg5ds 9 melodies & rhy?ms ^: k9%ip ) actual folk music is unmi/akable4 ,! ,holb]g ,suite = /r+ or*e/ra1 op4 #dj 7#ahhe7--or to use its (ficial title ( ,f ,holb]g's ,"t--0 writt5 to honor ! bic5t5>y ( ,ludvig ,holb]g1 (t5 call$ ! f\nd] ( ,dani% lit]ature4 ,! compos] also adapt$ ?is music = solo piano4 ,be>+ 9 m9d t ! man he 0 honor+ belong$ to a bygone era1 ,grieg wrote a suite 9 classical /yle & ) /rictly classical =ms2 b 8 own romantic & at times national id5tity is n sacrific$4 ,! fir/ movem5t is a 8,prelude10 a vigor\s movem5t almo/ 9 m>* "t4 ,?is is foll[$ by ?ree classical dances--8,s>ab&e10 8,gavotte10 & 8,musette40 ,! f\r? movem5t tempor>ily des]ts ! #ag? & #ah? c5turies to (f] a graceful 8,air0 9 ! mann] ( a ,norwegian folk song1 b ! classical era returns 9 all its /atel9ess & grace 9 ! conclud+ 8,rigaudon40 ,9 ,autumn1 a conc]t ov]ture = or*e/ra1 op4 #aa 7#ahfe1 revis$ #ahhh7 0 ,grieg's fir/ ef=t to write symphonic music4 ,?is composition is a fre% & spontane\s expression ( joy 9 ,nature's beauties4 ,! pr9cipal melody is a song writt5 by ,grieg 9 #ahfe1 8,autumn ,/orm40 ,?is mat]ial is prec$$ by an introduction & foll[$ by a coda 9 :i* a happy dance by h>ve/]s is introduc$4 ,! ,lyric ,suite = or*e/ra1 op4 #ed 7#aijc7 is an adaptation by ! compos] ( f\r numb]s f 8 ,lyric ,pieces1 = piano--a set ( sixty-six %ort compositions ga!r$ 9 t5 volumes1 ea* a delightful m9iature ( ,norwegian life4 ,! fir/ ( ! f\r episodes 9 ! ,lyric ,suite is 8,%eph]d ,lad10 scor$ entirely = /r+s1 music 9 a dreamy mood ^: ma9 romantic melody has ! "* ( a nocturne4 8,ru/ic ,m>*0 7or 8,peasant ,m>*071 = full or*e/ra1 has = its pr9cipal ?\ght a pond]\s1 rhy?mic !me fir/ giv5 by ! cl>9ets4 ,! ?ird movem5t is a poetic 8,nocturne0 ^: ma9 melody is pres5t$ by ! fir/ viol9s4 ,! suite ends ) ! popul> 8,m>* ( ! ,dw>fs0 9 ! grotesque /yle ( ! compos]'s 8,9 ! ,hall ( ! ,m\nta9 ,k+0 f ,pe] ,gynt4 ,?is movem5t alt]nates a sprightly fanta/ic m>* tune 7fir/ he>d 9 ! viol9s7 ) an expressive melody = solo viol94 ,! ,norwegian ,dance ,no4 #b is ! second ( a set ( f\r folk dances orig9ally = piano f\r h&s & lat] transcrib$ by ! compos] = or*e/ra1 op4 #ce 7#ahha74 ,?is second dance1 9 ! key ( ,a m9or1 is probably ! compos]'s mo/ fam\s composition 9 a national idiom4 ,x is 9 ?ree p>ts1 ! flank+ section consi/+ ( a sprightly ru/ic dance tune1 :ile ! middle "p is fa/] & m vigor\s contra/+ music4 ,! o!r some:at less famili>1 b no less beguil+1 ,norwegian ,dances are ! fir/ 9 ,d m9or1 ! ?ird 9 ,g major1 & ! f\r? 9 ,d major4 ,! ,pe] ,gynt ,suite ,no4 #a1 = or*e/ra1 op4 #df 7#ahgf7 consi/s ( f\r numb]s f ! incid5tal music = ! ,ibs5 drama1 ,pe] ,gynt1 produc$ 9 ,oslo 9 #ahgf4 ,ibs5's epic is a pic>esque drama ab\t a caprici\s & at times spirit$ ,norwegian peasant nam$ ,pe]1 & 8 fabul\s adv5tures1 "s ( !m amatory4 ,he abducts ! bride1 ,solveig1 !n des]ts h]2 z an outlaw he roams ! _w2 :5 he returns home he f9ds ,solveig /ill believ+ 9 him & ?r\gh t belief he comes ^u salvation4 ,! fir/ movem5t ( ,suite ,no4 #a is a bucolic picture1 8,morn+10 9 :i* a b>c>olle-type melody is prom95t4 ,?is is foll[$ by a t5d] elegy = mut$ /r+s1 8,ase's ,dea?10 ,ase be+ ,pe] ,gynt's "m4 ,a caprici\s1 s5sual dance foll[s1 8,anitra's ,dance10 a mazurka-l melody ) an ,ori5tal id5tity4 ,! f9al movem5t1 8,9 ! ,hall ( ! ,m\nta9 ,k+0 is a grotesque m>* built f a f\r-measure phrase :i* gr[s 9 volume & int5sity until x evolves into a ?und]\s =tissimo4 ,grieg prep>$ a second suite f 8 incid5tal music = ,pe] ,gynt1 op4 #ee4 ,only "o movem5t f ?is set is popul>1 8,solveig's ,song10 a haunt+ ,norwegian song = mut$ /r+s portray+ ,solveig1 ! abduct$ bride :o !reaft] rema9s =ev] fai?ful to ,pe] ,gynt4 ,?is is ! f9al movem5t ( a suite ^: prec$+ movem5ts are 8,+rid's ,lam5t10 8,arabian ,dance10 & 8,pe] ,gynt's ,homecom+40 ,sigurd ,jorsalf>1 a suite = or*e/ra1 op4 #ef 7#ahgb1 revis$ #ahib7 also comes f ! incid5tal music to a play1 9 ?is case a hi/orical drama ( ! same "n by ,bjrn/j]ne ,bjrnson1 produc$ 9 ,oslo 9 #ahgb4 ,! c5tral "* is ! twelf?-c5tury ,norwegian k+1 ,sigurd1 :o jo9s ! ,crusades to fight h]oically aga9/ ! ,s>ac5s4 ,!re are ?ree movem5ts to ?is suite4 ,! fir/ 8,prelude0 is subtitl$ 8,9 ! ,k+'s ,hall10 & has ?ree di/9ct sections4 ,9 ! fir/ ( ^! ! ma9 ?\ght is a !me = cl>9ets & bassoons aga9/ pluck$ /r+s2 9 ! second1 a trio1 ! mo/ prom95t melody is t = flute imitat$ by ! oboe2 ! ?ird "p repeats ! fir/4 ,! second movem5t is 8,int]mezzo0 or 8,borghild's ,dream40 ,?is is s]5e music alt]nat$ by an agitat$ mood4 ,! f9ale is 8,m>* ( ,homage0 9 :i* trumpet fanf>es & a l\d *ord = full or*e/ra set ! /age = ! ma9 !me1 9 f\r cellos4 ,?is same !me is lat] proclaim$ triumphantly by ! full or*e/ra4 ,midway !re appe>s a trio 9 :i* ! fir/ viol9s (f] ! ma9 melody4 ,two ,elegiac ,melodies1 = /r+ or*e/ra1 op4 #cd 7#ahhj7 are adaptations ( two ( ! compos]'s mo/ fam\s songs f\nd 9 op4 #cc1 8,he>tw\nds0 & 8,! ,la/ ,spr+10 lyrics by ,a4 ,o4 ,v9je4 ,bo? melodies are = ! mo/ "p 9 a somb] mood4 ,! fir/ is 9 a comp>atively fa/ "t :ile ! second is 9 sl[ tempo4 ,two ,nor!rn ,melodies1 = /r+ or*e/ra1 op4 #fc 7#ahie7 is1 z ! title indicates1 9 two sections4 ,! fir/1 8,9 ! ,/yle ( a ,folksong10 (f]s its ma9 melody 9 ! cellos aft] a %ort introduction4 ,! second1 8,! ,c[h]d's ,tune10 beg9s ) a sl[1 simple tune & ends ) a delightful peasant dance4 ,! ,broadway op]etta1 ,song ( ,norway1 0 n only bas$ ^u episodes 9 ! life ( ,grieg b also makes ext5sive use ( ,grieg's music4 ,! book is by ,milton ,laz>us bas$ on a play by ,hom] ,curran1 & ! lyrics & music are by ,rob]t ,wright & ,george ,=re/4 ,! op]etta op5$ on ,broadway on ,augu/ #ba1 #aidd 7,lawr5ce ,brooks play$ ,grieg1 & ,hel5a ,bliss 8 wife1 ,n9a7 to accumulate ! impressive run ( #hfj p]=mances4 ,s9ce ! op]etta has become some?+ ( a classic ( our popul> !at] ?r\gh frequ5t revivals--& s9ce its music is sometimes he>d on conc]ts ( semi-classical music--x des]ves consid]ation4 ,! /ory c5t]s ma9ly ar\nd ! love affair ( ,grieg & ,n9a ,hag]up1 & _! ultimate m>riage2 x also c>ries ! compos] f obscurity to _w fame4 ,wright & ,=re/ rea*$ into ! /oreh\se ( ,grieg's music = _! songs4 8,/range ,music10 :i* became a popul>-song hit 9 #aidd & #aide1 is bas$ on "o ( ,grieg's ,lyric ,pieces = piano1 ,w$d+ ,day 9 ,troldhaug54 8,i ,love ,y0 is bas$ on ,grieg's fam\s song ( ! same "n 78,i* liebe ,di*07 :i* he actually wrote to express 8 love = ,n9a2 ! lyric 0 by ,hans ,&]s51 & ! song appe>$ 9 a set ( f\r collect$ 9 op4 #e 7#ahfd74 ,musical episodes f ,grieg's ,g major ,viol9 ,sonata1 ! ,pe] ,gynt ,suite1 ,norwegian ,dance ,no4 #b1 ! ,a m9or ,piano ,conc]to1 & "s ( ! piano pieces provid$ fur!r mat]ial = popul> songs & ballet music4 ,f]de ,gr( ,f]de ,gr( 0 born ,f]d9& ,rudolph ,von ,gr( 9 ,new ,york ,city on ,m>* #bg1 #ahib4 ,he began to /udy ! viol9 & piano e>ly4 ,dur+ 8 adolesc5ce he became a memb] ( ! viola section ( ! ,los ,angeles ,philh>monic4 ,:ile engag$ 9 s]i\s music he />t$ play+ ) jazz ensembles4 ,be=e long he =m$ "o ( 8 own1 = :i* he made all ! arrangem5ts1 & ^: p]=mances attract$ consid]able int]e/ among jazz devotees4 ,paul ,:iteman 0 "o ( ^? :o 0 impress$ by ,gr('s br& ( jazz4 ,9 #aiai he hir$ ,gr( to play ! piano 91 & make all ! arrangem5ts =1 ! ,paul ,:iteman ,or*e/ra4 ,gr( work$ = ,:iteman = a doz5 ye>s1 a p]iod dur+ :i* he prep>$ mo/ ( ! arrangem5ts us$ by ,:iteman1 includ+ t ( ,george ,g]%w9's hi/oric ,rhapsody 9 ,blue at its _w premire 9 #aibd4 ,9 #aibd1 ,gr( wrote 8 fir/ symphonic composition 9 a jazz /yle1 ,broadway at ,night4 ,"o ye> lat]1 came ! ,mississippi ,suite1 8 fir/ success4 ,9 #aica he scor$ a triumph ) ! ,gr& ,canyon ,suite1 /ill 8 mo/ celebrat$ composition4 ,aft] #aica1 ,gr( t\r$ ! c\ntry z conductor ( 8 own or*e/ra1 mak+ num]\s appe>ances 9 public & ov] ! radio4 ,f #aici to #aidb he taught or*e/ration at ! ,juilli>d ,s*ool ( ,music 9 ,new ,york & 9 #aida he began an eight-ye> contract ) ! ,/&>d ,oil ,company ( ,cali=nia to conduct ! ,san ,francisco ,symphony ov] ! radio4 ,gr( has also writt5 music = motion pictures & special works = indu/ry4 ,) ,g]%w91 ,gr( has be5 an out/&+ compos] ( symphonic music utiliz+ jazz & o!r popul> /yles & idioms4 ,he is di/+ui%$ = 8 rem>kable skill at or*e/ration1 :i* frequ5tly employs non-musical devices = special effects--= example1 a typewrit] 9 ,tabloid1 pneumatic drills 9 ,symphony 9 ,/eel1 a bicycle pump 9 ,free ,air1 %\ts & door-bang+ 9 ,hollywood ,suite1 & ! s\nd ( b\nc+ b[l+ balls 9 ,hudson ,riv] ,suite4 ,! ,gr& ,canyon ,suite 7#aica71 ,gr('s mo/ significant composition z well z ! mo/ fam\s1 is an or*e/ral description 9 five movem5ts ( "o ( ,am]ica's natural wond]s4 ,! fir/ movem5t1 8,sunrise10 op5s ) a timpani roll to sugge/ ! break ( dawn ov] ! canyon4 ,! ma9 melody depict+ ! sunrise itself is he>d 9 mut$ trumpet aga9/ a *ordal backgr\nd4 ,z ! movem5t progresses1 ! music becomes increas+ly lum9\s1 until ! sun f9ally erupts into full respl5d5ce4 8,! ,pa9t$ ,des]t0 is an atmosph]ic tone picture4 ,nebul\s *ords sugge/ an air ( my/]y be=e a s5sual melodic section unfolds4 8,on ! ,trail0 is ! mo/ popul> movem5t ( ! suite1 hav+ = _m ye>s be5 expropriat$ z ! id5tify+ !me-signature = ! ,philip ,morris radio program4 ,an impulsive1 re/less rhy?m br+s u a picture ( a jogg+ burro4 ,a c[boy tune is !n set contrapuntally aga9/ ?is rhy?m4 ,9 8,sunset0 animal calls prec$e a poignant melody t speaks ab\t ! peace & s]5ity t desc5d on ! canyon at sunset4 8,cl\dbur/0 is ! conclud+ movem5t 9 :i* a viol5t /orm erupts1 la%es ! canyon ) its fury1 & !n subsides4 ,tranquillity n[ returns1 & ! canyon is once m surr\nd$ by brea?less & quiet beauty4 ,! ,hudson ,riv] ,suite 7#aiee7 0 writt5 = ,&r ,ko/elanetz1 ! conductor1 :o introduc$ ! "w 9 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4,c4 ,?is music provides five diff]5t aspects ( ! mighty riv] 9 ,new ,york1 & its associations ) ,am]ican hi/ory4 ,! riv] itself is describ$ 9 ! op5+ movem5t1 8,! ,riv]40 ,?is is foll[$ by a portrait ( ,h5ry ,hudson4 ,! colonial times & ! l& ( ,rip ,van ,w9kle are discuss$ 9 ! ?ird movem5t1 8,rip ,van ,w9kle10 :ile 9 8,albany ,night ,boat10 a delightful acc\nt is giv5 ( ,new ,york 9 ye>s gone by1 :5 a holiday trip on ! boat 0 a favorite pa/ime ( ,new ,york c\ples4 ,! suite ends ) 8,new ,york0 a graphic et*+ ( ! metropolis along ! ,hudson4 ,! ,mississippi ,suite 7#aibe7--l its em95t successor1 ! ,gr& ,canyon ,suite--0 writt5 = ,paul ,:iteman1 :o introduc$ x 9 ,c>negie ,hall4 ,! fir/ movem5t1 8,fa!r ( ! ,wat]s0 has a melody ( an ,am]ican-,indian id5tity repres5t+ ! riv]4 ,9 8,huckleb]ry ,f9n10 ! "* ( ! boy is sugge/$ by a jazz motive 9 ! tuba1 lat] amplifi$ into a spaci\s jazz melody = /r+s4 8,old ,creole ,days0 highlights a ,negro melody 9 mut$ trumpet soon tak5 ov] by diff]5t sections ( ! or*e/ra4 ,! clos+ movem5t is ! suite's be/ kn[n section & ! compos]'s own favorite among 8 compositions4 ,call$ 8,m>di ,gras0 x is a lively & colorful picture ( c>nival "t 9 ,new ,orleans4 ,a rhy?mic passage ) :i* ! movem5t op5s s]ves z ! preface to an eloqu5t melody = /r+s4 ,david ,guion ,david ,w5dell ,f5tress ,guion 0 born 9 ,ball+]1 ,texas1 on ,decemb] #ae1 #ahie4 ,he receiv$ 8 musical tra9+ at ! piano ) local tea*]s & ) ,leopold ,god[sky 9 ,vi5na4 ,aft] return+ to ! ,unit$ ,/ates he fill$ sev]al po/s z tea*] ( music 9 ,texas1 & f #aibe to #aibh taught piano at ! ,*icago ,music ,college4 ,e>ly 9 ! #aicj's he appe>$ 9 a c[boy production featur+ 8 own music at ! ,roxy ,!at] 9 ,new ,york & soon !reaft] made weekly broadca/s ov] ! ,national ,broadca/+ ,company network4 ,a ,david ,guion ,week 0 celebrat$ ?r\gh\t ,texas 9 #aiej4 ,he is be/ kn[n = 8 skilful arrangem5ts & transcriptions ( ,we/]n folk songs & ,negro ,spirituals1 "s ( :i* fir/ became fam\s 9 8 v]sions4 ,8 or*e/ral adaptation ( 8,! ,arkansas ,travel]0 has long be5 a favorite on 8pop0 conc]ts4 ,a famili> leg5d help$ to dramatize ?is ,am]ican folk song to _m4 ,a travel] caught 9 ! ra9 /ops outside an ,arkansas hut :]e an old man is play+ "p ( a folk tune on 8 fiddle4 ,^u que/ion+ him ! travel] le>ns t ! old fiddl] does n "k ! re/ ( ! song1 :]eupon ! /rang] takes ! fiddle f him & completes x4 ,! two !n become devot$ fri5ds4 ,ev5 m fam\s is ,david ,guion's arrangem5t ( 8,home on ! ,range10 9 #aicj4 ,x is n q cle> :o actually wrote ?is song4 ,x 0 discov]$ by ,john ,a4 ,lomax :o he>d x sung by a ,texan saloon keep]1 record$ x1 & publi%$ x 9 8 #aiaj edition ( ,c[boy ,songs4 ,only aft] ,guion _h arrang$ x did x become a national favorite ov] ! radio1 its popul>ity no d\bt imm5sely enhanc$ by ! widely circulat$ /ory t ?is 0 ,presid5t ,frankl9 ,d4 ,roosevelt's favorite song4 ,guion's conc]t arrangem5t = full or*e/ra ( 8,turkey 9 ! ,/raw0 is also ( int]e/4 ,?is folk tune--sometimes kn[n z 8,zip ,coon0--fir/ a*iev$ popul>ity on ! ,am]ican musical /age 9 ! era be=e ! m9/rel %[4 ,x 0 publi%$ 9 ,baltimore 9 #ahcd & fir/ made popul> t ye> by ,bob ,f>rell at ! ,b[]y ,!at]4 ,aft] t x 0 a famili> r\t9e ( ! black-fac$ ent]ta9]1 ,george ,wa%+ton ,dixon4 ,sev]al h laid claim to ! song1 b x is mo/ likely d]iv$ f an ,engli% or ,iri% melody4 ,o!r arrangem5ts & transcriptions by ,guion include 8,nobody ,kn[s ,de ,tr\ble ,i've ,se510 8,oh1 ,bury ,me ,n on ! ,lone ,prairie10 8,ride ,c[boy ,ride10 8,%ort'n9' ,bread10 & 8,sw+ ,l[1 ,sweet ,*>iot40 ,guion has also writt5 sev]al compositions ( 8 own 9 :i* ! folk elem5t is pron\nc$4 ,"o ( ^! is nam$ ,alley ,tunes1 ?ree musical sc5es f ! ,s\?4 ,its mo/ fam\s movem5t is ! la/1 8,! ,h>monica ,play]10 b ! e>li] two are equally appeal+ = _! homespun melodies & vigor\s national id5tity3 8,brudd] ,s9kill] & ,8 ,flock ( ,%eep0 & 8,! ,lonesome ,:i/l]40 ,ano!r pleas+ or*e/ral composition by ,guion is a waltz suite entitl$ ,s\!rn ,nights4 ,johan ,halvors5 ,johan ,halvors5 0 born 9 ,dramm51 ,norway1 on ,m>* #ae1 #ahfd4 ,aft] att5d+ ! ,/ockholm ,cons]vatory he /udi$ ! viol9 ) ,adolf ,brodsky 9 ,leipzig & ,cs> ,?omson 9 ,belgium4 ,9 #ahib he return$ to 8 native l&4 ,= _m ye>s he 0 ! di/+ui%$ conductor ( ! ,oslo ,national ,!at]4 ,8 admiration ( ,grieg 7^: niece he m>ri$7 direct$ him t[>d musical nationalism1 a /yle 9 :i* _m ( 8 mo/ ambiti\s works 7 writt54 ,he 0 ! compos] ( ?ree symphonies1 two rhapsodies1 a fe/ival ov]ture1 sev]al suites1 & a numb] ( peasant dances all = or*e/ra4 ,he di$ 9 ,oslo on ,decemb] #d1 #aice4 ,! ,&ante religioso1 9 ,g m9or1 = viol9 & or*e/ra1 is a ri*ly melodi\s & spiritual "w :i* has ga9$ recognition ) semi-classical or*e/ras4 ,b ,halvors5's mo/ popul> composition is ! ,triumphant ,entry ( ! ,boy>s1 = or*e/ra4 ,! boy> or boy>d 0 a milit>y ari/ocrat ( anci5t ,russia1 a tyrant z notori\s = 8 cruelty z = 8 extravagant way ( life4 ,halvors5's vigor\s1 colorful m>* has an ,ori5tal p]sonality4 ,x op5s ) a /irr+ m>* subject = cl>9et aga9/ a drone bass 9 cellos & d\ble basses1 & x highlights a fanf>e = trumpets & trombones4 ,george ,fr$]ick ,h&el ,george ,fr$]ick ,h&el 0 born 9 ,halle1 ,saxony1 on ,febru>y #bc1 #afhe4 ,aft] /udy+ ! organ 9 8 native city he settl$ 9 ,hamburg :]e he wrote1 & 9 #agje _h produc$1 8 fir/ op]as1 ,almira & ,n]o4 ,a p]iod ( travel & /udy 9 ,italy foll[$1 dur+ :i* he 0 influ5c$ by ! ,italian in/rum5tal music ( t p]iod4 ,9 #agaj he 0 appo9t$ ,kapellmei/] 9 ,hanov]4 ,9 #agab he settl$ p]man5tly 9 ,engl& :]e 9 #agbg he became a ,briti% subject & ,angliciz$ 8 "n4 ,he became "o ( ,engl&'s giant figures 9 music1 fir/ z a compos] ( op]as 9 ! ,italian /yle1 & aft] t 7:5 ! vogue = su* op]as di$ out7 z a creator ( oratorios4 ,= sev]al ye>s he 0 ! c\rt compos] = ,que5 ,anne & royal music ma/] = ,george ,i4 ,9 #agbj he 0 appo9t$ arti/ic director ( ! !n newly organiz$ ,royal ,academy ( ,music4 ,9 ! la/ ye>s ( 8 life he suff]$ total bl9dness1 not)/&+ :i* fact he cont9u$ giv+ public p]=mances at ! organ1 conduct+ 8 oratorios1 & writ+ music4 ,he di$ 9 ,london on ,april #ad1 #agei & 0 buri$ 9 ,we/m9/] ,abbey4 ,h&el 0 a prolific compos] ( op]as1 oratorios1 or*e/ral music1 conc]tos = solo in/rum5ts & or*e/ra1 sonatas1 compositions = h>psi*ord1 & *amb] works4 ,he 0 greate/ 9 8 religi\s music1 9 ! des]v$ly _w-fam\s oratorio ,messiah1 & 9 su* some:at less famili> b no less di/+ui%$ works z ,judas ,maccabaeus1 ,samson1 ,solomon1 & ,israel 9 ,egypt4 ,8 greate/ music is on su* a consi/5tly high spiritual plane1 is fill$ ) su* gr&eur ( expression1 & reveals su* extraord9>y contrapuntal skill t x does n easily l5d itself to popul> consumption4 ,b "o passage f ! ,messiah is p>ticul>ly fam\s1 & especially popul> ) p ! _w ov]2 x is probably ! mo/ celebrat$ s+le piece ( music he ev] wrote1 & :ile orig9ally = *orus & or*e/ra1 is famili> 9 innum]able transcriptions = or*e/ra or = b&4 ,x is ! sublime 8,hallelujah ,*orus10 ab\t :i* ! compos] himself said :5 he f9i%$ writ+ x3 8,i did ?9k ,i did see all ,heav5 be=e me1 & ! great ,god himself40 ,?is gr&iose *oral passage1 a miracle ( contrapuntal te*nique1 is und\bt$ly ! climactic po9t ( ! entire oratorio4 ,:5 ! ,messiah 0 fir/ he>d 9 ,london on ,m>* #bc1 #agdc 7a little less ?an a ye> aft] its _w premire :i* took place 9 ,dubl91 ,irel&1 on ,april #ac1 #agdb7 ! awesome imm5sity ( ?is music made su* an impression on ,k+ ,george ,,ii1 9 ! audi5ce1 t he rose spontane\sly 9 8 seat & rema9$ /&+ ?r\gh\t ! piece4 ,! audi5ce foll[$ _! k+ 9 li/5+ to ! music 9 a /&+ position4 ,s9ce !n x has be5 a cu/om 9 p]=mances ( ,messiah = ! audi5ce to rise dur+ ! s++ ( ! 8,hallelujah ,*orus40 ,! ,h>moni\s ,blacksmi? is ,h&el's be/ kn[n composition = ! h>psi*ord4 ,?is is ! f\r? movem5t ( a h>psi*ord suite1 ,no4 #e 9 ,e major1 :i* ! compos] wrote 9 #agbj2 b mo/ frequ5tly x is play$ ap>t f ! re/ ( ! movem5ts z a self-suffici5t composition4 ,! title ,h>moni\s ,blacksmi? 0 creat$ n by ! compos] b by a publi%] 9 ,ba?1 ,engl&1 :5 9 #ahbb he issu$ ! f\r? movem5t ( ! suite z a sep>ate piece ( music4 ,!re happ5$ to be 9 ,ba? a blacksmi? :o (t5 sang ?is ,h&el tune & :o came to be kn[n 9 t t[n z ! 8h>moni\s blacksmi?40 ,! ,ba? publi%] recogniz$ ! popul> appeal ( a title l 8,h>moni\s ,blacksmi?0 & decid$ to use x = ?is music4 ,! /ory t ,h&el conceiv$ ?is tune :ile wait+ 9 a blacksmi?'s %op dur+ a /orm is1 h[ev]1 apocryphal4 ,! ,h>moni\s ,blacksmi? beg9s ) a simple two-"p melody :i* !n und]goes five equally elem5t>y v>iations4 ,! ,l>go1 s famili> z an in/rum5tal composition 9 v>i\s transcriptions1 is really an aria f "o ( ,h&el's op]as4 ,x 0 a t5or aria 78,ombrai mai fu07 f ,s]se 7#agch7 9 :i* is describ$ ! beauty ( ! cool %ade ( a palm tree4 ,9 sl[] tempo x has become1 9 its in/rum5tal dress1 a broad1 /ately melody ( religi\s "* ) ! simple tempo m>k+ ( ,l>go z its title4 ,! ,wat] ,music 7#agag7 is a suite = or*e/ra made up ( *>m+ little dances1 airs & fanf>es writt5 = a royal wat] pageant held on ! ,?ames ,riv] 9 ,london on ,july #ai1 #agag4 ,a special b>ge held ! or*e/ra t p]=m$ ?is composition :ile ! musicians sail$ sl[ly up & d[n ! riv]4 ,! k+ 0 s impress$ by ,h&el's music t he ask$ x be repeat$ ?ree times4 ,9 its orig9al =m1 ?is suite is made up ( tw5ty pieces1 b ! v]sion mo/ (t5 he>d today is an adaptation by ,sir ,hamilton ,h>ty 9 :i* only six movem5ts appe>3 ,ov]ture1 ,air1 ,b\rre1 ,hornpipe1 ,air1 & ,fanf>e4 ,joseph ,haydn ,franz ,joseph ,haydn 0 born 9 ,rohrau1 ,au/ria1 on ,m>* #ca1 #agcb4 ,f #agdj to #agdi he 0 a memb] ( ! *oir ( ,/4 ,/eph5's 9 ,vi5na1 att5d+ its s*ool = a compreh5sive musical tra9+4 ,= sev]al ye>s aft] t he liv$ 9 ,vi5na1 tea*+ music1 & complet+ v>i\s hack assignm5ts1 :ile pursu+ s]i\s composition4 ,9 #agee he 0 appo9t$ by ,b>on ,k>l ,josef ,fu]nb]g to write music = & direct ! conc]ts at 8 palace2 x 0 9 ?is (fice t ,haydn wrote 8 fir/ symphonies & /r+ qu>tets z well z _m o!r or*e/ral & *amb]-music works4 ,f #ageh to #agfj he 0 ,kapellmei/] to ,c\nt ,f]d9& ,maximilian ,morz94 ,9 #agfa ,haydn became second ,kapellmei/] to ,pr9ce ,paul ,anton ,e/]hzy at ,eis5/adt1 ris+ to ! po/ ( fir/ ,kapellmei/] five ye>s aft] t4 ,haydn rema9$ ) ! ,e/]hzys until #agij1 a p]iod 9 :i* he arriv$ at full maturity z a compos]4 ,8 abundant symphonies1 qu>tets1 sonatas & o!r compositions spread 8 fame ?r\gh\t ! l5g? & bread? ( ,europe4 ,aft] leav+ ! employ ( ! ,e/]hzys1 ,haydn paid two visits to ,london1 9 #agia & aga9 9 #agid1 :]e he direct$ or*e/ral conc]ts = :i* he wrote 8 r5[n$ ,london symphonies4 ,at ! dusk ( 8 c>e]1 ,haydn produc$ two cr[n+ ma/]works 9 ! field ( *oral music3 ! oratorios ,! ,creation 7#agih7 & ,! ,seasons 7#ahja74 ,haydn di$ 9 ,vi5na on ,may #ca1 #ahji4 ,haydn 0 an epo*al figure dur+ music's classical era4 ,he help$ to e/abli% p]man5tly ! /ructures ( ! symphony1 qu>tet1 sonata2 to arrive at a fully realiz$ homophonic /yle z oppos$ to ! contrapuntal idiom ( ! ma/]s :o prec$$ him2 & to arrive at new concepts ( h>mony1 or*e/ration1 & !matic developm5t4 ,he help$ pave ! way = ! giants :o foll[$ him1 mo/ notably ,moz>t & ,bee?ov51 :o help$ c>ry ! classical era 9 music to its full fl[]+4 ,to 8 musical writ+ ,haydn br\ght t *>m1 grace1 /atel9ess1 beauty ( lyricism t we associate ) classicism1 & ) x a mo/ engag+ s5se ( humor & at times ev5 a rem>kable expressiv5ess4 ,mo/ ( ,haydn's music belongs to ! s]i\s conc]t rep]tory4 ,he did write "s music int5d$ = ! masses--ma9ly ! ,contr$anses1 ,g]man ,dances & ,m9uets :i*1 aft] all1 0 ! dance music ( ! ,au/rian p 9 ,haydn's "t4 ,haydn's ,g]man ,dances & ,m9uets are especially appeal+4 ,! =m] 0 ! =]unn] ( ! waltz1 b its melodies & rhy?ms h a lu/y peasant quality & an e>?y vitality2 ! latt] 0 ! graceful1 s$ate dance ( ! ,european c\rt4 ,twelve ( ,haydn's ,g]man ,dances & twelve ( 8 ,m9uets 7! latt] call$ ,ka!r9e ,m5uett57 7 writt5 9 ! clos+ ye>s ( 8 life & publi%$ 9 #agid2 !y 7 int5d$ = ! c\rt ball held at ! ,r$\t5saal 9 ,vi5na :]e !y 7 introduc$ on ,novemb] #be1 #agib4 ,! ,g]man ,dances "h h sobriety & dignity1 & are (t5 fill$ ) ,haydn's rem>kable innovations 9 melodic & h>monic writ+2 ! ,m9uets are consi/5tly light & c>efree 9 _s4 ,! ,gypsy ,rondo--(t5 he>d 9 v>i\s transcriptions1 includ+ "o = viol9 & piano by ,fritz ,kreisl]--comes f ! ,piano ,trio ,no4 #a 9 ,g major1 op4 #gc1 no4 #b 7#agie7 :]e x is ! conclud+ movem5t 7,rondo all' ong>ese74 ,x is 9 ,hung>ian /yle1 vivaci\s 9 rhy?mic & melodic cont5t2 x is = ?is reason t ,haydn himself designat$ ?is music 89 a gypsy /yle0 & ,kreisl]'s transcription be>s ! title ( ,hung>ian ,rondo4 ,( ,haydn's m ?an "o hundr$ symphonies ! "o occasionally giv5 by pop or*e/ras is a curiosity kn[n z ! ,toy ,symphony4 ,actually we n[ "k t ,haydn nev] really wrote x1 b x 0 ! "w ( ei!r ,moz>t's fa!r1 ,leopold1 or ,haydn's bro!r1 ,mi*ael4 ,b x 0 long attribut$ to ,joseph ,haydn1 & /ill is (t5 cr$it$ to him4 ,?is little symphony 9 ,c major1 :i* is 9 ?ree %ort movem5ts1 0 long believ$ to h be5 writt5 by ,haydn dur+ 8 visit to ,b]*tegad51 ,bav>ia1 9 #aghh :]e he became int]e/$ 9 toy in/rum5ts4 ,! symphony uses num]\s toy in/rum5ts 7p5ny trumpet1 quail call1 rattle1 cuckoo1 :i/le1 little drum1 toy triangle1 & s =?7 toge!r ) ?ree or?odox musical in/rum5ts1 two viol9s & a bass4 ,joseph ,haydn 0 also ! compos] ( ,au/ria's national an!m1 8,gott erhalte ,franz d5 ,kais]40 ,he 0 commission$ to d s 9 #agig by ! ,m9i/] ( ! ,int]ior to help /ir ! patriotic ardor ( ,au/rians2 x 0 fir/ p]=m$ 9 all ,au/rian !at]s on ! ,emp]or's bir?day on ,febru>y #ab1 #agig4 ,! ,emp]or 0 deeply impress$ by ! an!m4 8,y h express$10 he said1 8:at is 9 e loyal ,au/rian he>t1 & ?r\gh y\r melody ,au/ria w always be honor$40 ,haydn himself us$ ! same melody 9 "o ( 8 /r+ qu>tets3 z ! sl[ second movem5t 9 :i* x receives a s]ies ( v>iations4 ,x is = ?is reason t ?is qu>tet1 9 ,c major1 op4 #gf1 no4 #c1 is popul>ly kn[n z ! ,emp]or ,qu>tet4 ,victor ,h]b]t ,victor ,h]b]t 0 born 9 ,dubl91 ,irel&1 on ,febru>y #a1 #ahei4 ,he receiv$ a s\nd musical tra9+ at ! ,/uttg>t ,cons]vatory1 foll[+ :i* he /udi$ ! cello privately ) ,b]nh>d ,cossmann 9 ,bad5-,bad54 ,= sev]al ye>s aft] t he play$ ! cello 9 _m ,g]man & ,au/rian or*e/ras4 ,8 b[ z a compos] took place ) two ambiti\s works1 a suite & a conc]to1 bo? = cello & or*e/ra4 ,!y 7 introduc$ by ! ,/uttg>t ,symphony 7! compos] z soloi/7 9 #ahhc & #ahhe respectively4 ,aft] m>ry+ ! prima donna1 ,!rese ,fo]/]1 9 #ahhf1 ,h]b]t came to ! ,unit$ ,/ates & play$ ! cello 9 ! ,metropolitan ,op]a or*e/ra1 8 wife hav+ be5 engag$ by t company4 ,he soon play$ ! cello 9 o!r major ,am]ican or*e/ras1 besides conduct+ symphonic conc]ts1 conc]ts ( light music1 & p]=mances at important fe/ivals4 ,9 #ahic he succe$$ ,patrick ,s4 ,gilmore z b&lead] ( ! fam\s #bbnd ,regim5t ,b&1 & f #ahih to #aijd he 0 pr9cipal conductor ( ! ,pittsburgh ,symphony4 ,aft] #aijd he 0 ! conductor ( 8 own or*e/ra4 ,h]b]t won _w r5[n z a compos] ( op]ettas = :i* he produc$ a weal? ( melodies t h nev] lo/ _! *>m or fasc9ation = music lov]s4 ,8 fir/ produc$ op]etta1 ,pr9ce ,ananias1 9 #ahid 0 a failure4 ,b "o ye> lat] came ,! ,wiz>d ( ! ,nile1 ! fir/ ( a long /r+ ( /age successes ,h]b]t 0 h5ce=? to enjoy4 ,f !n on1 until ! end ( 8 life1 ,h]b]t rema9$ "o ( ,broadway's mo/ productive & mo/ significant compos]s4 ,_m ( 8 op]ettas are n[ classics ( ! ,am]ican musical /age4 ,among ^! are3 ,! ,=tune ,tell] 7#ahih71 ,babes 9 ,toyl& 7#aijc71 ,mlle4 ,modi/e 7#aije71 ,! ,r$ ,mill 7#aijf7 & ,naughty ,m>ietta 7#aiaj74 ,a facile compos] ) an extraord9>y te*nique at or*e/ration & h>monization1 & a born melodi/ :o _h a seem+ly inexhau/ible res]voir ( beautiful tunes1 ,h]b]t 0 a giant figure 9 ,am]ican popul> music & 9 ! music = ! ,am]ican popul> !at]4 ,he di$ ( a he>t attack 9 ,new ,york ,city on ,may #bf1 #aibd4 ,victor ,h]b]t produc$ a consid]able am\nt ( conc]t music--conc]tos1 symphonies1 suites1 ov]tures--mo/ ( :i* has pass$ out ( ! m s]i\s rep]tory4 ,a few ( ^! conc]t works h en\gh emotional impact & melodic fasc9ation to enjoy a p]man5t /atus 9 ! semi-classical rep]tory4 ,potp\rris f ! scores ( 8 mo/ fam\s op]ettas--& or*e/ral transcriptions ( individual songs f ^! productions--are1 ( c\rse1 basic to any pop or semi-classical or*e/ra rep]tory4 ,= ,h]b]t's greate/ songs f 8 op]ettas are classics1 8z pure 9 outl9e z ! melodies ( ,s*ub]t & ,moz>t0 accord+ to ,deems ,taylor4 ,al ,fresco is mood music :i* op5s ! second act ( ! op]etta1 ,x ,happ5$ 9 ,nordl& 7#aijd74 ,h]b]t _h previ\sly writt5 & publi%$ x z a piano piece1 us+ ! p5-"n ( ,frank ,rol&1 9 ord] to te/ ! appeal ( ?is little composition4 ,x did s well 9 ?is v]sion t ,h]b]t f9ally decid$ to include x 9 8 op]etta :]e x s]ves to depict a lively c>nival sc5e4 ,! ,am]ican ,fantasia 7#ahih7 is a brilliantly or*e/rat$ & skilfully contriv$ fantasy made up ( favorite ,am]ican national ballads & songs4 ,x is ! compos]'s /irr+ tribute to ! c\ntry ( 8 adoption4 ,! ballads & songs are he>d 9 ! foll[+ sequ5ce3 8,hail ,columbia10 8,swanee ,riv]10 8,! ,girl ,i ,left ,beh9d ,me10 8,dixie10 8,columbia ! ,gem ( ! ,ocean40 ,?is composition comes to an excit+ f9i% ) 8,! ,/>-,spangl$ ,bann]0 9 a ,wagn]ian-type or*e/ration4 ,! op]etta ,babes 9 ,toyl&1 :i* op5$ 9 ,new ,york on ,octob] #ac1 #aijc1 0 an extravaganza inspir$ by ! !n-rec5t success on ,broadway ( ,! ,wiz>d ( ,oz4 ,h]b]t's op]etta drew its *>act]s f fairy tales1 ,"m ,goose1 & o!r *ildr5's /ories1 plac+ ^! *>act]s 9 a rapid succession ( brea?-tak+ sc5es ( spectacul> beauty4 ,! complicat$ plot conc]n$ ! escape ( little ,jane & ,alan f _! mis]ly uncle to ! g>d5 ( ,contr>y ,m>y4 ,!y !n come to ,toyl& :]e !y meet ! *>act]s f fairy tales & ,"m ,goose1 & :]e toys are dom9at$ by ! wick$ ,toymak] :om !y f9ally br+ to 8 de/ruction4 ,pr9cipal musical numb]s f ?is score include ! delightful or*e/ral m>*1 8,m>* ( ! ,toys10 & ! songs 8,toyl&0 & 8,i ,c't ,d ! ,sum40 ,dagg] ,dance is "o ( ! mo/ famili> pieces 9 ! semi-classical rep]tory 9 ! melodic & rhy?mic /yle ( ,am]ican-,indian music4 ,x comes f ,h]b]t's op]a ,natoma1 ^: premire took place 9 ,philadelphia on ,febru>y #be1 #aiaa4 ,?is spirit$ ,indian dance music appe>s 9 ! second act1 at a climactic mom5t 9 :i* ,natoma1 *all5g$ to p]=m a dagg] dance1 does s2 b dur+ ! p]=mance %e /abs & kills ! villa91 ,alv>ado4 ,! ,=tune ,tell] ^: ,new ,york premire took place on ,septemb] #bf1 #ahih1 is an op]etta t />r$ ,alice ,neils5 9 ! dual role ( ,musette1 a gypsy =tune tell]1 & ,irma1 a ballet /ud5t4 ,aga9/ a ,hung>ian sett+1 ! play involves ^! two girls 9 love affairs ) a ,hung>ian ,huss> & a gypsy musician4 ,hung>ian *>act]s & a ,hung>ian backgr\nd all[$ ,h]b]t to write music g5]\sly spic$ ) ,hung>ian & gypsy flavors1 music excit+ = its s5sual appeal4 ,! mo/ fam\s song f ?is score is 8,gypsy ,love ,song10 sometimes also kn[n z 8,slumb] ,on1 ,my ,little ,gypsy ,swee!>t10 sung by ,s&or1 ! gypsy musician1 9 tribute to ,musette4 ,indian ,summ]3 ,an ,am]ican ,idyll 7#aiai7 is a tone picture ( ,nature :i* ,h]b]t wrote 9 two v]sions1 = solo piano1 & = or*e/ra4 ,twelve ye>s aft] ! compos]'s dea?1 ,gus ,kahn wrote lyrics = its ma9 melody1 & = f\rte5 weeks x 0 he>d on ! radio ,hit ,p>ade1 twice 9 ! ,numb] #a position4 ,! ,iri% ,rhapsody = or*e/ra 7#ahib7 is "o ( sev]al conc]t works 9 :i* ,h]b]t honor$ ! c\ntry ( 8 bir?4 ,?is "w is built f sev]al famili> ,iri% ballads f\nd by ! compos] 9 ,?omas ,moore's ,iri% ,melodies1 publi%$ 9 #ahjg4 8,believe ,me if ,all ,^! ,ende>+ ,"y ,*>ms0 comes imm$iately aft] a h>p cad5za4 ,?is is foll[$ by a v>iation ( 8,! ,rocky ,road to ,dubl910 8,to ,ladies' ,eyes10 8,?amma ,hulla10 8,er91 ,oh ,er910 & 8,ri* & ,r>e ,7 ! ,gems ,%e ,wore40 ,an oboe cad5za !n s]ves z ! transition to 8,/4 ,patrick's ,day40 ,! rhapsody ends ) 8,g>ry ,ow50 set aga9/ 8,er91 ,oh ,er90 9 ! bass4 ,mlle4 ,modi/e1 introduc$ 9 ,new ,york on ,decemb] #be1 #aije1 is ! op]etta 9 :i* ,fritzi ,s*eff1 once a memb] ( ! ,metropolitan ,op]a1 became a /> ( ! popul> musical !at]4 ,?is is also ! op]etta 9 :i* %e sang ! waltz ) :i*1 = ! re/ ( h] life1 %e became id5tifi$1 8,kiss ,me ,aga940 ,fritzi ,s*eff 0 ca/ z ,fifi1 an employee 9 a ,p>isian hat %op4 ,h] l[ly /ation precludes h] m>riage to ! man %e loves1 ,capt4 ,eti5ne de ,b\vray4 ,an ,am]ican millionaire becomes int]e/$ 9 h]1 & provides h] ) ! funds to pursue h] vocal /udies4 ,fifi !n becomes a fam\s op]a />1 !reby a*iev+ bo? ! fame & ! =tune %e ne$s to ga9 ,capt4 ,eti5ne z a husb&4 ,e>ly 9 ?is op]etta1 ,fifi tries to demon/rate h] tal5t z a s+] by p]=m+ a numb] call$ 8,if ,i ,7 ,on ! ,/age10 9 :i* %e (f]s v>i\s types ( songs1 includ+ a polonaise1 a gavotte1 & a waltz4 ,! waltz "p 0 orig9ally int5d$ by ,h]b]t z a c>icature ( t k9d ( dreamy1 s5tim5tal music & consi/$ ( ! melody ( 8,kiss ,me ,aga90 :i* he _h writt5 "s "t e>li]1 9 #aijc4 ,on op5+ night ! audi5ce lik$ ?is "p ( ! numb] s well1 & 0 s noisy 9 its demon/ration1 t ,h]b]t decid$ to feature x sep>ately & prom95tly 9 8 op]etta1 _h new s5tim5tal lyrics writt5 = x1 & call$ x 8,kiss ,me ,aga940 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 is ! mo/ celebrat$ s+le numb] f ?is op]etta1 b sev]al o!rs are equally appeal+1 notably "o ( ,h]b]t's f9e/ m>*es1 8,! ,mascot ( ! ,troop10 ano!r waltz call$ 8,! ,night+ale & ! ,/>10 & a humor\s ditty1 8,i ,want ,:at ,i ,want ,:5 ,i ,want ,x40 ,! op]etta1 ,naughty ,m>ietta--fir/ ,new ,york p]=mance on ,novemb] #g1 #aiaj--0 set 9 ,new ,orleans 9 #aghj :5 t city 0 "u ,spani% rule4 ,! noble lady1 ,m>ietta 7/>r+ ! prima donna1 ,emma ,tr5t9i7 _h come to ,new ,orleans f ,naples to avoid an undesirable m>riage4 ,!re %e meets1 falls 9 love )1 & aft] _m /irr+ adv5tures w9s1 ,capta9 ,dick ,w>r+ton4 ,a basic elem5t ( ?is /ory is a melody--a fragm5t ( :i* has come to ! h]o9e 9 a dream4 ,m>ietta promises h] h& to anybody :o c\ld give h] ! complete song ( :i* ?is fragm5t is a "p1 & x is ,dick ,w>r+ton1 ( c\rse1 :o is successful4 ,?is melody is "o ( ,h]b]t's be/ lov$1 8,ah1 ,sweet ,my/]y ( ,life40 ,o!r favorites f ,naughty ,m>ietta are 8,i'm ,fall+ 9 ,love ,) ,someone10 8,italian ,/reet ,song10 ! s]5ade 8',nea? ! ,s\!rn ,moon10 & ! m>*1 8,tramp1 ,tramp1 ,tramp40 ,pan ,am]icana 7#aija7 is a composition = or*e/ra describ$ by ,h]b]t z a 8morceau c>actri/ique40 ,he wrote x = ! ,pan ,am]ican ,exposition 9 ,buffalo 9 #aija 7:]e ,presid5t ,mc,kinley 0 assass9at$74 ,! ?ree sections are 9 ?ree diff]5t popul> /yles1 ! fir/ 9 ,am]ican-,indian1 ! second 9 ragtime1 & ! ?ird 9 ,cuban or ,spani%4 ,pun*9ello & ,ye/]?\ghts 7#aijj7 are two evocative tone pictures orig9ally = piano f a suite ( pieces describ+ ! natural beauties ( sc5es ne> or at ,lake ,placid1 ,new ,york4 ,h]b]t or*e/rat$ bo? ^! numb]s4 ,! ,r$ ,mill1 :i* came to ,new ,york on ,septemb] #bd1 #aijf1 0 an op]etta />r+ ! com$y team ( ,fr$ ,/one & ,david ,montgom]y 9 a play set 9 ,holl&4 ,!y are two ,am]icans /r&$ & p5niless at an inn call$ 8,! ,sign ( ! ,r$ ,mill40 ,:5 !y discov] t little ,gret*5 is 9 love ) ,capt4 ,doris van ,damm & refuses to m>ry ! ,gov]nor to :om %e is designat$ by h] p>5ts1 !y come to h] assi/ance4 ,aft] num]\s escapades & antics !y help h] to w9 h] true lov] :o1 z x turns out1 is ! heir to an imm5se =tune4 ,! foll[+ are its pr9cipal musical episodes3 ! ma9 love duet1 8,! ,isle ( ,our ,dreams102 8,moonbeams02 & ! com$y song1 8,e ,day ,is ,ladies' ,day = ,me40 ,! ,suite ( ,s]5ades1 = or*e/ra 7#aibd7 0 writt5 = ! same ,paul ,:iteman conc]t ( ,am]ican music at ,aeolian ,hall on ,febru>y #ab1 #aibd 9 :i* ,g]%w9's ,rhapsody 9 ,blue 0 introduc$4 ,?is is a f\r movem5t suite :i* repres5t$ ,h]b]t's only attempt to write directly = a jazz or*e/ra1 & p>ts ( x are *>act]iz$ by jazz scor+ & syncopations4 ,h]b]t wrote a second v]sion ( ?is suite = symphony or*e/ra4 ,9 ! f\r movem5ts ! compos] skilfully simulates f\r national /yles4 ,! fir/ is ,spani%1 ! second ,*9ese1 ! ?ird ,cuban1 & ! f\r? ,ori5tal4 ,ano!r famili> or*e/ral suite by ,h]b]t is ! ,suite ,romantique 7#aija74 ,h]b]t's ve9 = s5tim5tal melody is "h g5]\sly tapp$4 ,! f\r movem5ts are mood pictures nam$ z foll[s3 8,visions10 8,aubade0 7a beautiful solo = ! cellos71 8,triomphe d'am\r0 7a gl[+ love duet71 & 8,fte nuptiale40 ,! ,woodl& ,fancies1 = or*e/ra 7#aija7 also consi/ ( f\r evocative & pictorial mood pictures1 ?is "t inspir$ by ! ,adirondack m\nta9s :]e ,h]b]t ma9ta9$ a summ] home & :i* he de>ly lov$4 ,"h ! f\r movem5ts are entitl$3 8,morn+ 9 ! ,m\nta9s10 8,=e/ ,nymphs10 8,twilight10 & 8,autumn ,frolics40 ,!re are individual songs f sev]al o!r ,h]b]t op]ettas t are "p ( ! semi-classical rep]tory 9 or*e/ral transcriptions4 ,among ^! are3 8,! ,angelus0 & ! title song f ,swee!>ts 7#aiac72 8,i ,love ,!e1 ,i ,adore ,!e0 :i* recurs ?r\gh\t ,! ,s]5ade 7#ahig72 8,a ,kiss 9 ! ,d>k0 f ,orange ,blossoms 7#aibb72 8,/> ,light1 ,/> ,bright10 a delightful waltz f ,! ,wiz>d ( ! ,nile 7#ahie72 & 8,?9e ,alone0 f ! ,iri% op]etta1 ,eile5 7#aiag74 ,f]d9& ,hrold ,l\is ,joseph ,f]d9& ,hrold 0 born 9 ,p>is on ,janu>y #bh1 #agia4 ,he began to /udy music :5 he 0 elev54 ,f #ahje to #ahab he att5d$ ! ,p>is ,cons]vatory :]e 8 tea*]s includ$ ,adam & ,mhul4 ,9 #ahab he receiv$ ! ,prix de ,rome4 ,foll[+ 8 ?ree-ye> /ay 9 ,rome he settl$ 9 ,naples :]e he 0 piani/ to ,que5 ,c>ol9e & _h 8 fir/ op]a1 ,la ,giov5t di ,enrico1 produc$ 9 #ahae4 ,aft] return+ to 8 native city he complet$ a new op]a1 ,*>les de ,france1 :i* 0 successfully produc$ 9 #ahaf at ! ,opra-,comique 9 ,p>is :]e1 f ?is "t on1 all 8 op]as 7 giv54 ,hrold wrote _m s]i\s op]as be=e turn+ to ! field 9 :i* he e>n$ 8 importance & popul>ity1 ! opra-comique4 ,8 fir/ "w 9 ?is g5re 0 ,m>ie 9 #ahbf2 8 mo/ successful1 ,zampa1 9 #ahca4 ,he also enjoy$ a triumph ) 8 la/ opra-comique1 ,le ,pr aux cl]cs1 produc$ 9 #ahcb4 ,hrold di$ ( consumption 9 ,p>is on ,janu>y #ai1 #ahcc be=e rea*+ 8 =ty-second bir?day4 ,ab\t all t has surviv$ f ,hrold's mo/ fam\s op]a1 ,zampa1 is its ov]ture1 a semi-classical favorite ev]y:]e4 ,zampa--libretto by ,mlesville--0 introduc$ at ! ,opra-,comique 9 ,p>is on ,may #c1 #ahca4 ,! h]o1 ,zampa1 is ! lead] ( a b& ( pirates :o invade an isl&4 ,he meets ,camille & compels h] to des]t h] lov] & m>ry him4 ,dur+ ! m>riage fe/ivities ! pirate lead] mock+ly tries to place a r+ on ! f+] ( a /atue4 ,! /atue sudd5ly comes to life & br+s ,zampa to 8 doom by dr[n+4 ,! ov]ture op5s ) a robu/ subject = full or*e/ra 7d]iv$ f ! pirates' *orus ( ! fir/ act74 ,a brief pause sep>ates ?is section f a sl[] "o 9 :i* timpani rolls & l\d *ords 9 ! w9d prec$e a /ately melody = w9d in/rum5ts4 ,aft] "s developm5t1 9 :i* ! mood becomes dramatic1 two new subjects are he>d3 ! fir/ is a s5sitive melody = cl>9et aga9/ pluck$ /r+s1 & ! second is a so>+ song = ! viol9s4 ,j5 ,hubay ,j5 ,hubay 0 born 9 ,budape/1 ,hung>y1 on ,septemb] #ae1 #aheh4 ,8 fa!r1 a pr(essor ( ! viol9 at ! ,budape/ ,cons]vatory1 gave him 8 fir/ viol9 lessons4 ,j5 made 8 public debut z viol9i/ :5 he 0 elev51 !n complet$ 8 viol9 /udies ) ,joa*im 9 ,b]l9 & ) ,vieuxtemps 9 ,belgium4 ,9 #ahhf he 0 appo9t$ pr(essor ( ! viol9 at ! ,budape/ ,cons]vatory1 & f #aiai to #aicd he 0 its director4 ,hubay 0 "o ( ,europe's mo/ em95t viol9i/s1 viol9 tea*]s1 & p]=m]s ( *amb] music1 ! la/ ) ! ,hubay ,qu>tet :i* he f\nd$4 ,he di$ 9 ,vi5na on ,m>* #ab1 #aicg4 ,hubay 0 ! compos] ( sev]al op]as1 f\r symphonies1 f\r viol9 conc]tos1 & _m pieces = ! viol94 ,he 0 at 8 be/ :5 he drew bo? 8 inspiration & mat]ials f ,hung>ian folk music4 ,p]haps 8 be/ kn[n "w is a set ( f\rte5 pieces = viol9 & or*e/ra collectively kn[n z ,scnes de la ,csrda1 or ,hung>ian ,cz>das ,sc5es4 ,! cz>das is a popul> ,hung>ian folk dance 9 duple "t *>act]iz$ by quick syncopations1 & exploit+ alt]nat+ sl[ & rapid passages4 ,^! ,scnes are (t5 pres5t$ z or*e/ral compositions4 ,! f\r?1 ,hejre ,kati1 is ! mo/ popul> ( ! gr\p1 a piece ( music electrify+ = its rhy?mic mom5tum4 ,! second1 kn[n z ,hung>ian ,rhapsody1 & ! fif?1 ,waves ( ,balaton1 are also famili>4 ,besides _! rhy?mic vitality ^! compositions are ( int]e/ = _! s5sual melodies1 & dramatic contra/s ( tempo & mood4 ,f ,hubay's mo/ fam\s op]a1 ,! ,viol9 ,mak] ( ,cremona1 comes a s5sitively lyrical 8,int]mezzo10 = or*e/ra4 ,hubay wrote ?is "o-act op]a 9 #ahid1 & x 0 introduc$ 9 ,budape/ ! same ye>4 ,! text by ,francois ,copp & ,h5ri ,beauclair conc]ns a viol9-mak+ conte/ 9 ,f]r>i1 ,italy1 9 :i* ! prize is ! beautiful girl1 ,giann9a4 ,a hun*back1 ,filippo1 makes ! be/ viol91 b he g5]\sly p]mits ,giann9a to m>ry ,s&ro1 ! man %e really loves4 ,a transcription ( ! 8,int]mezzo0 = viol9 & piano is popul> 9 ! rep]tory & be>s ! title ( ! op]a4 ,! ,int]mezzo _h also be5 adapt$ by ,/oll z a composition = voice & or*e/ra "u ! "n 8,lonely ,night40 ,engelb]t ,hump]d9ck ,engelb]t ,hump]d9ck 0 born 9 ,sieburg1 ,g]many1 on ,septemb] #a1 #ahed4 ,he att5d$ ! ,cologne ,cons]vatory :]e 8 tea*]s includ$ ,hill] 7:o 0 ! fir/ to recognize 8 tal5t71 ,j5s5 & ,g]n%eim4 ,aft] w9n+ ! ,moz>t ,s*ol>%ip ( ,frank=t 9 #ahgf1 ,hump]d9ck cont9u$ 8 music /udy 9 ,muni* ) ,franz ,la*n] & ,rhe9b]g]4 ,9 ,muni* he publi%$ 8 fir/ important composition1 a ,humoreske = or*e/ra 7#ahhj74 ,9 #ahha1 he receiv$ ! ,mey]be] ,prize & 9 #ahig1 ! ,m5delssohn ,prize1 bo? = composition4 ,betwe5 #ahhe & #ahhg he 0 pr(essor ( ! ,b>celona ,cons]vatory 9 ,spa9 & 9 #ahij he became pr(essor at ,ho*'s ,cons]vatory 9 ,frank=t1 & music critic ( ! ,frankfurt] ,zeitung4 ,he a*iev$ 8 greate/ success z a compos] ) ! fairy op]a1 ,hansel & ,gretel1 produc$ 9 ,weim> 9 #ahic4 ,aft] #ahif1 ,hump]d9ck devot$ himself exclusively to composition1 & ?\gh he wrote sev]al f9e op]as none 0 able to equal ! popul>ity ( 8 fairy-op]a4 ,he di$ 9 ,neu/relitz1 ,g]many1 on ,septemb] #bg1 #aiba4 ,hansel & ,gretel scor$ a s5sational success 9 its own day2 &1 9 ours1 x is ! only op]a by :i* ,hump]d9ck is rememb]$4 ,foll[+ its premire 9 ,weim>1 ,g]many1 on ,decemb] #bc1 #ahic1 x 0 p]=m$ )9 a ye> 9 virtually e major ,g]man op]a h\se4 ,9 #ahid x came to ,london1 & 9 #ahie to ,new ,york4 ,! text by ,adelheid ,wette 7,hump]d9ck's si/]7 is bas$ on ! ,ludwig ,grimm fairy tale famili> to "y & old ?r\gh\t ! _w4 ,! ov]ture1 & two or*e/ral episodes1 are (t5 p]=m$ outside ! op]a h\se4 ,! ,ov]ture is made up ( sev]al melodies f ! op]a beg9n+ ) ! s-call$ 8pray] melody10 a g5tle song = horns & bassoons4 ,a rhy?mic passage !n describes ! spell effect$ by ! wit* on ! *ildr54 ,aft] ?is comes ! lovable ?ird-act melody 9 :i* ! *ildr5 are awak5$ by ! dewman4 ,! happy dance ( ! *ildr5 f ! close ( ! op]a leads back to ! op5+ pray] ) :i* ! ov]ture comes to a g5tle conclusion4 ,! ,dream ,pantomime comes 9 ! second act & is an or*e/ral episode 9 :i* is describ$ ! desc5t ( ! fairies :o provide a protective r+ ar\nd ! *ildr51 alone & asleep 9 ! deep =e/4 ,! ,g+]bread ,waltz 7,knusp]walz]7 f ,act #c is ! joy\s music express+ ! *ildr5's delight aft] !y h succe$$ 9 pu%+ ! wit* inside ! ov5 & burn+ h] to a crisp4 ,among ,hump]d9ck's _m works = symphony or*e/ra "o is occasionally p]=m$ by semi-classical or pop or*e/ras4 ,x is ! ,moori% ,rhapsody 7#ahih7 writt5 = ! ,le$s ,fe/ival 9 ,engl&4 ,! fir/ movem5t1 8,t>ifa--,elegy at ,sunrise0 reflects ! sorr[ ( a %eph]d ov] ! decay ( ! ,moori% p4 8,tangi]s--,a ,night 9 a ,moori% ,caf0 is a c(fee-h\se sc5e highlight$ by ! s5sual *ant ( a caf s+]4 ,! suite concludes ) 8,tetuan--,a ,rid] 9 ! ,des]t10 depict+ a des]t ride ) a view ( ,p>adise 9 ! di/ance4 ,to c>ry into 8 music an ,ori5tal atmosph]e1 ,hump]d9ck model$ "s ( 8 pr9cipal !mes aft] actual ,moori% melodies1 su* z ! second !me ( ! fir/ movem5t = ,engli% horn1 & ! ma9 melody = woodw9d 9 ! second movem5t4 ,jacques ,ib]t ,jacques ,ib]t 0 born 9 ,p>is on ,augu/ #ae1 #ahij4 ,he att5d$ ! ,p>is ,cons]vatory betwe5 #aiaa & #aiai1 ) a hiatus ( sev]al ye>s dur+ ,_w ,w> ,i :5 he s]v$ 9 ! ,fr5* ,navy4 ,9 #aiai he won ! ,prix de ,rome4 ,:ile resid+ 9 ! ,italian capital he wrote a symphonic "w ) :i* he scor$ 8 fir/ major success1 ! suite ,escales1 introduc$ 9 ,p>is 9 #aibd4 ,f #aicg to #aiee he 0 director ( ! ,academy ( ,rome4 ,dur+ ?is p]iod he also s]v$ = a :ile z director ( ! comb9$ managem5t ( ! ,p>is ,opra & ,opra-,comique4 ,ib]t has writt5 _m works 9 virtually e =m1 :i* h plac$ him 9 ! front rank ( contempor>y ,fr5* compos]s4 ,_m ( ^! compositions are 9 a neo-classical idiom4 ,occasionally1 h[ev]1 he has made a delightful excursion into satire4 ,x is ) "o ( ! latt] works1 ! ,div]tissem5t = or*e/ra 7#aicj7 t he has ent]$ ! semi-classical rep]tory1 ?\gh to be sure ?is composition is also frequ5tly giv5 at symphony conc]ts4 ,! ,div]tissem5t beg9s ) a %ort ,introduction 9 :i* ! prevail+ mood ( levity is fir/ introduc$4 ,!n comes ! 8,cortge40 ,a few introductory b>s sugge/ two m>* !mes1 ! fir/ 9 /r+s1 & ! second 9 trumpet4 ,aft] t appe>s a l\d quotation f ,m5delssohn's 8,w$d+ ,m>*0 f 8 ,a ,midsumm] ,night's ,dream ,suite4 ,! 8,nocturne0 is a dreamy little melody :i* prec$es a delightful 8,waltz0 & a breezy 8,p>ade40 ,! f9ale is 9 ! /yle ( an ,(f5ba* c-c1 ) ! piano int]polat+ "s impud5t dissonant h>monies4 ,mi*ael ,ippolitov-,ivanov ,mi*ael ,ippolitov-,ivanov 0 born 9 ,gat*9a1 ,russia1 on ,novemb] #ai1 #ahei4 ,he 0 graduat$ f ! ,/4 ,pet]sburg ,cons]vatory 9 #ahhb :]e he 0 a pupil 9 composition ( ,rimsky-,korsakov4 ,f #ahhb to #ahic he 0 associat$ ) ! ,tiflis ,music ,s*ool1 fir/ z tea*]1 !n z director4 ,9 #ahic he 0 appo9t$ pr(essor ( composition at ! ,mosc[ ,cons]vatory on ,t*aikovsky's recomm5dation1 & f #aijf to #aibb he s]v$ z its director4 ,he also di/+ui%$ himself z a conductor ( op]a 9 ,mosc[4 ,he di$ 9 t city on ,janu>y #bh1 #aice4 ,ippolitov-,ivanov's be/ music pr(it$ f 8 int5sive rese>*es into ,caucasian folk music4 ,8 pr9cipal works h assimilat$ _m ( ! ,ori5tal melodic & rhy?mic idioms ( songs & dances f t region4 ,8 mo/ popul> "w ( all is ! ,caucasian ,sket*es = or*e/ra1 op4 #aj 7#ahie74 ,! fir/ movem5t1 8,9 ! ,m\nta9 ,pass10 br+s up ! picture ( a m\nta9 sc5e4 ,horn calls are "h us$ prom95tly4 8,9 ! ,village0 op5s ) a cad5za = ,engli% horn & proce$s to a beautiful melody = viola set aga9/ a p]si/5t rhy?m4 8,9 ! ,mosque0 disp5ses ) ! /r+s :ile describ+ an impressive religi\s c]emony4 ,! suite ends ) ! /irr+ 8,m>* ( ! ,sird>10 a 8sird>0 be+ an ,ori5tal pot5tate4 ,ivanovici ,nei!r ,ivanovici's fir/ "n nor details ( 8 life are kn[n4 ,he 0 born 9 ,banat1 ,rumania1 9 #ahdh1 di/+ui%$ himself z a b&lead] 9 8 native c\ntry1 & di$ 9 ,bu*>e/ on ,april #a1 #aije4 ,= 8 b& conc]ts he wrote _m popul> conc]t numb]s4 ,"o ( ^! is ! conc]t waltz1 ,! ,waves ( ! ,danube 7,donauwell571 writt5 9 #ahhj1 & a*iev+ f ! fir/ ph5om5al popul>ity ?r\gh\t ,europe4 ,! ma9 waltz melody ( ?is set ( waltzes 0 expropriat$ by ,al ,dub9 & ,dave ,frankl9 = ! ,am]ican popul> song 8,! ,anniv]s>y ,song10 7lyrics by ,saul ,*apl971 :i* 0 effectively us$ 9 ! motion picture ,! ,jolson ,/ory 9 #aidf1 sung on ! s\nd track by ,jolson himself4 ,armas ,jrnefelt ,armas ,jrnefelt 0 born 9 ,viborg1 ,f9l&1 on ,augu/ #ad1 #ahfi4 ,he /udi$ music 9 ,hels+=s ) ,f]ruccio ,busoni & ,m>t9 ,wegelius2 9 ,b]l9 ) ,a4 ,beck]2 & 9 ,p>is ) ,mass5et4 ,beg9n+ ) #ahih1 & = sev]al ye>s !reaft]1 he conduct$ op]a p]=mances 9 ,viborg & ,hels+=s4 ,9 #aijg he settl$ 9 ,sw$5 :]e ?ree ye>s lat] he became a citiz54 ,!re he became c\rt compos] & ! conductor ( ! ,royal ,op]a4 ,aft] return+ to ,hels+=s 9 #aicb1 he direct$ ! ,op]a = f\r ye>s & ! ,hels+=s ,municipal ,!at] = "o4 ,he also appe>$ z gue/ conductor ( _m important ,f9ni% or*e/ras1 di/+ui%+ himself p>ticul>ly 9 p]=mances ( music by ,jean ,sibelius 78 bro!r-9-law74 ,9 #aidj1 ,jrnefelt receiv$ ! (ficial title ( ,pr(essor4 ,he di$ 9 ,/ockholm 9 ,june #aieh4 ,jrnefelt wrote _m works = or*e/ra1 includ+ suites1 ov]tures1 & %ort] works4 ,"o ( ! la/ is ,b]ceuse = two cl>9ets1 "o bassoon1 two horns1 viol9 solo & /r+s 7#aije71 a moody & s5sitive piece ( music4 ,! romantic ma9 melody appe>s 9 solo viol9 aft] f\r introductory b>s = mut$ /r+s4 ,8 mo/ popul> composition is ! ,praeludium = *amb] or*e/ra4 ,x op5s ) a ?ree-measure introduction = pluck$ /r+s4 ,?is is foll[$ by a brisk m>* subject = oboe :i* is soon discuss$ by o!r w9ds1 & aft] t by ! viol9s ov] a drone bass4 ,a passage = solo viol9 leads to ! return ( ! m>* melody4 ,dmitri ,kabalevsky ,dmitri ,kabalevsky 0 born 9 ,/4 ,pet]sburg on ,decemb] #cj1 #aijd1 & receiv$ 8 musical tra9+ 9 ,mosc[1 at ! ,scriab9 ,music ,s*ool & ! ,mosc[ ,cons]vatory4 ,he 0 graduat$ f ! latt] s*ool 9 #aibi1 & 9 #aicb he 0 appo9t$ in/ructor !re4 ,8 fir/ success z compos] came 9 #aica ) 8 fir/ symphony1 commemorat+ ! fifte5? anniv]s>y ( ! ,russian revolution2 ?is 0 foll[$ 9 #aicd by 8 second symphony1 :i* enjoy$ an ev5 great] triumph bo? 9 & out ( ! ,soviet ,union4 ,9 #aici ,kabalevsky 0 elect$ a memb] ( ! ,presidium ( ! ,organiz+ ,committee ( ! ,union ( ,soviet ,compos]s2 9 #aidj he 0 giv5 ! ,ord] ( ,m]it2 & 9 #aidf he receiv$ ! ,/al9 ,prize = ! second /r+ qu>tet4 ,he has also writt5 op]as1 conc]tos1 additional symphonies1 & piano music4 ,a compos] :o has always be5 p>tial to ! m conv5tional means & te*niques1 & has reli$ heavily on broad & /ately melodies & subjective feel+s1 ,kabalevsky has manag$ to produce sev]al compositions t h wide appeal4 ,"o is ! sprightly ,colas ,breugnon ,ov]ture4 ,colas ,breugnon 0 an op]a adapt$ by ,v4 ,brag9 f a novel by ,roma9 ,roll&2 x 0 fir/ p]=m$ 9 ,l5+rad on ,febru>y #bb1 #aich4 ,! c5tral "* is a #af?-c5tury craftsman--a jovial man :o enjoys life & has a spicy s5se ( humor & a happy outlook on all ?+s4 ,! ov]ture is ess5tially a /udy ( t man1 consi/5tly gay & sprightly4 ,!re are two ma9 melodies1 bo? ( !m lively1 & bo? d]iv$ f ,burgundian folk songs4 ,ano!r popul> "w by ,kabalevsky is ,! ,com$ians1 op4 #bf 7#aich71 an or*e/ral suite made up ( selections f ! incid5tal music to a *ildr5's play1 ,! ,inv5tor & ! ,com$ians4 ,! play is ab\t ! v>i$ & pic>esque adv5tures ( a gr\p ( w&]+ p]=m]s 9 v>i\s t[ns & at public fairs4 ,!re are t5 episodes 9 ! suite1 ea* 9 a light1 infecti\s /yle t makes = su* easy li/5+ t ?is "w is (t5 giv5 at *ildr5's conc]ts4 ,! t5 sections are3 ,prologue1 ,galop1 ,m>*1 ,waltz1 ,pantomime1 ,int]mezzo1 ,little ,lyrical ,sc5e1 ,gavotte1 ,s*]zo1 & ,epilogue4 ,emm]i* ,klmn ,emm]i* ,klmn 0 born 9 ,sifok1 ,hung>y1 on ,octob] #bd1 #ahhb4 ,he /udi$ composition 9 ,budape/4 ,9 #aijd "o ( 8 symphonic compositions 0 p]=m$ by ! ,budape/ ,philh>monic1 & 9 #aijg he receiv$ ! ,imp]ial ,composition ,prize4 ,aft] settl+ 9 ,vi5na he ab&on$ s]i\s composition = light music4 ,f ?is "t on he devot$ himself to & di/+ui%$ himself 9 writ+ tuneful op]ettas4 ,8 fir/ success came 9 #aiji ) ,e9 ,h]b/manoev]1 pres5t$ 9 ,new ,york z ,! ,gay ,huss>s4 ,subsequ5t op]ettas made him "o ( ,europe's lead+ compos]s = ! popul> !at]s4 ,! mo/ fam\s are3 ,s>i 7#aiab71 ,! ,gypsy ,pr9cess 7#aiae71 ,c\ntess ,m>itza 7#aibd7 & ,! ,circus ,pr9cess 7#aibf74 ,9 #aich he left ,vi5na1 & aft] a p]iod 9 ,p>is1 he came to ! ,unit$ ,/ates :]e he rema9$ until #aidi4 ,he complet$ 8 la/ op]etta1 ,! ,arizona ,lady1 a few days be=e 8 dea? 9 ,p>is1 on ,octob] #cj1 #aiec2 x 0 pres5t$ po/hum\sly 9 ,b]ne1 ,switz]l&1 9 #aied4 ,klmn's =te 9 writ+ music = op]ettas 0 9 comb9+ ! *>m1 ,gemuetli*keit & s5tim5t ( ,vi5nese music 9 g5]al1 & ! ,vi5nese waltz 9 p>ticul>1 ) ! hot blood & s5sual moods ( ,hung>ian gypsy songs & dances4 ,! ,circus ,pr9cess 7,die ,zirkuspr9zess97--fir/ p]=m$ 9 ,vi5na 9 #aibf1 & 9 ,new ,york 9 #aibg--0 set 9 ,/4 ,pet]sburg & ,vi5na dur+ ! p]iod imm$iately prec$+ ,_w ,w> ,i4 ,:5 ,f$ora rejects ! love ( ,pr9ce ,s]gius by insi/+ %e w\ld soon] m>ry a circus p]=m]1 he seeks rev5ge by engag+ a fam\s circus p]=m] to pose z a memb] ( nobility & woo & w9 ,f$ora4 ,aft] _! m>riage1 ,f$ora discov]s ! true id5tity ( h] husb&1 & leaves him4 ,b %e soon comes to ! realization %e is really 9 love ) him & promises to come back if he 9 turn (f]s to give up 8 pr(ession--a pr(ession %e n[ despises n f snobb]y b because ( fe>s = 8 safety4 ,two delightful waltz melodies--8,leise s*webt das ,glueck vorueb]0 8,im ,b\doir d] s*o5/5 ,frau0--& an intrigu+ little melody t recurs ?r\gh\t ! op]etta1 8,zwei ma]*5aug50 are ! pr9cipal selections f ?is op]etta4 ,c\ntess ,m>itza 7,die ,graef9 ,m>iza7 is ,klmn's mo/ popul> & successful op]etta4 ,x 0 fir/ produc$ 9 ,vi5na 9 #aibd1 & 9 ,new ,york 9 #aibf4 ,! sett+ is ,hung>y 9 #aibb4 ,an impov]i%$ c\nt1 ,tassilo1 f9ds employm5t on ! e/ate ( ,c\ntess ,m>itza "u ! assum$ "n ( ,torok4 ,he falls 9 love ) h]1 b :5 %e le>ns ( 8 real backgr\nd %e feels he is a =tune hunt] int]e/$ only 9 h] weal?4 ,ab\t to leave ! employ ( ! c\ntess & to bid h] p]man5t f>ewell1 ,tassilo's =tune sudd5ly takes a turn = ! bett] :5 8 aunt1 a ,pr9cess1 comes to in=m him t ,tassilo is a weal?y man aft] all1 due to h] manipulations ( 8 tangl$ bus9ess affairs4 ,n[ conv9c$ t he loves h] = h]self alone1 ! ,c\ntess ,m>itza is only too happy to accept him z h] husb&4 ,?is score conta9s "s ( ,klmn's f9e/ & mo/ beguil+ music 9 a ,hung>ian-gypsy /yle4 ,! mo/ fam\s song is 9 ?is s5sual1 he>t-w>m+ idiom3 8,play ,gypsies1 ,dance ,gypsies0 78,komm ,zigan1 ,komm ,zigan1 spiel mir 0 vor074 ,?is numb] beg9s ) a languor\s1 romantic melody t soon lapses into a dynamic ,hung>ian-gypsy dance4 ,au/rian waltz-music 9 a m s5tim5tal mann] is f\nd 9 ?ree w9n+ songs3 8,give ,my ,reg>ds to ! ,lovely ,ladies ( ,fair ,vi5na0 78,gruess mir die reiz5d5 ,frau5 im s*o55 ,wi5071 8,i ,w\ld ,l to ,dance ,once ,m0 78,e9mal moe*t' i* wi$] tanz507 & 8,say1 ,yes60 78,sag ja1 me9 ,lieb074 ,! ,gypsy ,pr9cess 7,die ,csrdsfu]/97 0 fir/ p]=m$ 9 ,vi5na 9 #aiae1 & produc$ 9 ,new ,york 9 #aiag "u ! title ( ,! ,rivi]a ,girl4 ,! h]o9e is ,sylvia ,v>escu1 a p]=m] 9 a ,budape/ cab>et1 :o is lov$ & pursu$ by ,pr9ce ,edw94 ,b ! ,pr9ce's fa!r insi/s t he m>ry ! ,c\ntess ,/asi4 ,ev5tually ! fa!r's he>t is s(t5$ & he becomes m tol]ant t[>ds hav+ ,sylvia z a daught]-9-law :5 he is discreetly rem9d$ t once he1 too1 _h be5 9 love ) a cab>et s+]4 ,! pr9cipal selections f 8 score include two so>+ waltz melodies3 8,ma*5 wir's d5 ,s*walb5 na*0 & 8,taus5d kle9e ,engel s+5 hab mi* lieb40 ,! score also includes a dynamic ,cz>das1 & a pleas+ little tune 9 8,ganz ohne ,weib] geht die ,*ose ni*t40 ,s>i 0 introduc$ 9 ,new ,york 9 #aiad4 ,pali is a gypsy viol9i/ :o has gr[n old & is eclips$ at "o ( 8 own conc]ts by 8 son1 ,laczi4 ,pali ?r[s 8 belov$ ,/radiv>ius into ! flames4 ,s9ce bo? fa!r & son h fall5 9 love ) ! same girl1 ! old] man also r5\nces h]4 ,he wants ,laczi to h h] z well z 8 musical success4 ,a b\ntiful score includes su* delights z 8,love ,has ,w+s10 8,love's ,own ,sweet ,song10 8,my ,fai?ful ,/radiv>i10 & 8,s(tly ,?r\gh ! ,summ] ,night40 ,kl]-,bla ,klr-,bla 0 born ,alb]t von ,kel] 9 ,b>tfeld1 ,hung>y1 on ,febru>y #ac1 #ahbj4 ,he /udi$ law & work$ z a f>m] be=e turn+ to music 9 8 tw5ty-fif? ye>4 ,aft] /udy+ 9 ,vi5na ) ,se*t] & ,s*les+] he play$ ! viol9 9 ! or*e/ra ( ! ,!at]-an-d]-,wi54 ,9 #ahed he w5t to ,b]l9 :]e he became conductor ( ,gungl's ,or*e/ra4 ,he 0 soon back 9 ,vi5na to take ov] ! direction ( ! fam\s ,joseph ,lann] ,or*e/ra4 ,f #ahef to #ahfc he conduct$ an army b&1 & f #ahfc to #ahgc an or*e/ra 9 ,wiesbad54 ,he di$ 9 t city on ,novemb] #bj1 #ahhb4 ,kl]-,bla wrote ab\t "o hundr$ & ?irty compositions 9 ! light ,vi5nese /yle ( ,lann] & ! two ,johann ,/rausses4 ,8 works include waltzes1 galops1 & m>*es1 a repres5tative example ( ea* be+ ! waltz ,h(fnungs/]ne1 ! ,hurrah-,/urm galop1 & ! ,fri$ri*-,k>l m>*4 ,8 mo/ popul> "w is ! ,hung>ian ,com$y ,ov]ture 7,lu/spiel ,ouv]ture74 ,x op5s 9 a /ately mann] ) =ceful *ords & a su/a9$ melody 9 ! woodw9d4 ,b ! com$y aspect ( ?is ov]ture is soon made evid5t ) two lilt+ tunes = ! woodw9d1 sep>at$ by a dramatic episode = full or*e/ra4 ,^! two tunes receive ext5d$ enl>gem5t4 ,! ov]ture ends ) a succession ( emphatic *ords4 ,j]ome ,k]n ,j]ome ,david ,k]n 0 born 9 ,new ,york ,city on ,janu>y #bg1 #ahhe4 ,he fir/ /udi$ ! piano ) 8 "m4 ,aft] be+ graduat$ f ,b>r+] ,high ,s*ool 9 ,new>k1 ,new ,j]sey1 he att5d$ ! ,new ,york ,college ( ,music :]e he 0 a pupil ( ,alex&] ,lamb]t1 ,alb]t von ,do5h(f1 ,paolo ,gallico & ,au/5 ,pe>ce4 ,he receiv$ 8 appr5tice%ip z compos] = ! popul> !at] 9 #aijc 9 ,london1 :]e ) ,p4 ,g4 ,wodeh\se z 8 lyrici/ he wrote a topical song1 8,mr4 ,*amb]la90 t became a hit4 ,aft] return+ to ! ,unit$ ,/ates he work$ 9 ,t9 ,pan ,alley & imm$iately became a prolific contributor ( songs to ! musical /age4 ,9 #aije 8 song 8,h['d ,y ,l to ,spoon ,) ,me80 0 int]polat$ into ,! ,e>l & ! ,girl & became an out/&+ success4 ,f t "t on1 & up to ! end ( 8 life1 he wrote ov] a ?\s& songs = m ?an a hundr$ /age & scre5 productions1 !reby occupy+ an imp]ial position among ,am]ican popul> compos]s ( 8 g5]ation4 ,8 mo/ fam\s ,broadway musicals 73 ,! ,girl f ,utah 7#aiad71 ,v ,good1 ,eddie 7#aiae71 ,oh1 ,boy6 7#aiag71 ,leave x to ,jane 7#aiag71 ,sally 7#aibj71 ,sunny 7#aibe71 ,%[ ,boat 7#aibg71 ,! ,cat & ! ,fiddle 7#aica71 ,music 9 ! ,air 7#aicb71 & ,rob]ta 7#aicc74 ,8 mo/ significant motion pictures 7 ,sw+time ) ,fr$ ,a/aire & ,g+] ,rog]s1 ,y ,7 ,nev] ,loveli] & ,cov] ,girl bo? ) ,rita ,haywor?1 & ,c5t5nial ,summ]4 ,ov] a doz5 ( 8 songs sold m ?an two million copies ( %eet music includ+ 8,all ! ,?+s ,y ,are10 8,!y ,didn't ,believe ,me10 8,smoke ,gets ,9 ,y\r ,eyes10 & 8,look = ! ,silv] ,l9+40 ,two ( 8 songs receiv$ ! ,academy ,aw>d3 8,! ,way ,y ,look ,tonight0 f ,sw+time & 8,! ,la/ ,"t ,i ,saw ,p>is0 int]polat$ into ,lady ,be ,good4 ,k]n di$ 9 ,new ,york ,city on ,novemb] #aa1 #aide4 ,k]n wrote two compositions = symphony or*e/ra :i* h ent]$ ! semi-classical rep]tory ev5 ?\gh !y are also p]=m$ by major symphony or*e/ras4 ,^! 7 8 only v5tures into ! _w ( music outside ! popul> !at]4 ,"o 0 ,m>k ,twa93 ,a ,portrait = ,or*e/ra :i* he wrote on a commission f ,&r ,ko/elanetz1 :o introduc$ x ) ! ,c9c9nati ,symphony 9 #aidb4 ,?is is a f\r movem5t suite inspir$ by ! p]sonality & life ( ,k]n's favorite au?or1 ,m>k ,twa94 ,! fir/ movem5t1 8,hannibal ,days10 describes a sleepy small t[n on a summ] morn+ a c5tury ago4 ,! cry 8,/eamboat com9'60 pi]ces ! sil5ce4 ,! t[n sudd5ly awak5s4 ,9 ! second movem5t1 8,gorge\s ,pilot ,h\se0 ,m>k ,twa9 leaves home to become a pilot's assi/ant on ! ,mississippi /eamboat2 ?is p]iod 9 ,m>k ,twa9's life1 :i* spans ab\t n9e ye>s1 ends ) ! outbreak ( ! ,civil ,w>4 ,9 8,w&]+ ,we/w>d10 ,twa9 meets failure z a ,nevada prospector1 aft] :i* he f9ally turns to j\rnalism4 ,! suite ends ) 8,m>k 9 ,eruption10 trac+ ,twa9's triumphant c>e] z a writ]4 ,k]n's second & only o!r symphonic "w is ,sc5>io 9 :i* he drew 8 basic melodic mat]ials f 8 greate/ & be/ lov$ musical production1 ,%[ ,boat4 ,k]n prep>$ ,sc5>io at ! behe/ ( ,artur ,rodz9ski1 conductor ( ! ,clevel& ,or*e/ra1 :o felt t ! music ( ,%[ ,boat _h suffici5t arti/ic validity to ju/ify its use 9 a major symphonic "w4 ,rodz9ski introduc$ ,sc5>io 9 ,clevel& ) ! ,clevel& ,or*e/ra 9 #aida1 & s9ce t "t x has be5 p]=m$ by mo/ ( ! major ,am]ican or*e/ras4 ,a discussion ( ,%[ ,boat is ess5tial be=e ,sc5>io c be comm5t$ ^u4 ,! libretto & lyrics are by ,osc> ,hamm]/e9 ,,ii1 bas$ on ! fam\s novel by ,edna ,f]b]4 ,%[ ,boat1 9 a lavi% ,flor5z ,ziegfeld production1 0 introduc$ 9 ,new ,york 9 #aibg & 0 an in/antane\s box-(fice & arti/ic triumph4 ,x has1 to be sure1 become a classic ( ! ,am]ican /age1 cont9ually reviv$ 9 all p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 ?ree times adapt$ = motion pictures1 & has be5 giv5 by an ,am]ican op]a company 9 its regul> rep]tory4 ,x prov$ a revolution 9 ! ,am]ican musical !at] by avoid+ ! usual /ilt$ r\t9es & patt]ns ( musical com$y--*orus girls1 production numb]s1 syn!tic humor1 set dances & s =?--& arriv+ at an integrat$ musical play fill$ ) au!ntic *>act]izations1 backgr\nds1 atmosph]e & dramatic tru?4 ,! /ory op5s & closes on ,cotton ,blossom1 a %[ boat travel+ along ! ,mississippi to give p]=mances at /ops along ! riv]4 ,! pr9cipal love action involves ,magnolia1 daught] ( ,cap'n ,&y 7own] ( ! boat7 & ! gambl]1 ,gaylord ,rav5al4 ,!y run (f & get m>ri$1 b _! happ9ess is %ort-liv$4 ,magnolia1 ?\gh pregnant1 leaves h] irresponsible husb&4 ,aft] ! bir? ( ,magnolia's daught]1 ,kim1 ! "m e>ns h] liv+ s++ %[ boat songs 9 ,*icago :]e %e is f\nd by h] fa!r & br\ght back to ,cotton ,blossom4 ,ev5tually1 ,magnolia & ,rav5al are reconcil$1 & _! daught] ,kim becomes ! new /> ( ! %[ boat4 ,! mo/ fam\s songs f ?is incomp>able ,k]n score are3 8,only ,make ,believe0 & 8,:y ,d ,i ,love ,y801 bo? ( !m love duets ( ,magnolia & ,rav5al2 two poignant lam5ts sung by ! half-ca/e ,julie1 a role 9 :i* ,hel5 ,morgan fir/ atta9$ />dom z a tor*-song p]=m]1 8,c't ,help ,lov9' ,t ,man0 & 8,bill0 7! latt] ) lyrics by ,p4 ,g4 ,wodeh\se72 & a hymn to ! ,mississippi :i* has acquir$ virtually ! /atus ( an ,am]ican folk song1 8,ol' ,man ,riv]40 ,sc5>io makes ext5d$ use ( ^! songs 9 an integrat$ piece ( music4 ,x op5s ) a s5sitive passage = mut$ /r+s & cont9ues ) a !me = horn2 bo? subjects are int5d$ to portray ! ,mississippi ,riv] & are ! motto subjects ( ! entire "w4 ,! ma9 melody ( ?is tone poem is 8,ol' ,man ,riv]10 fir/ giv5 s(tly by violas & bass cl>9et4 ,o!r major songs ( ! musical play foll[1 among !m be+ 8,only ,make ,believe0 & 8,:y ,d ,i ,love ,y801 aft] :i* 8,ol' ,man ,riv]0 is he>d = ! la/ "t4 ,_m ( ,k]n's m ?an a ?\s& popul> songs are n[ classics 9 ! popul> rep]tory4 ,!y are s fre% & spontane\s 9 _! lyricism1 s inv5tive 9 ! h>monic backgr\nd1 s fill$ ) *>m & grace t _! survival seems assur$4 ,two symphonic compositions by ,rob]t ,russell ,b5nett are con/ruct$ f "o or m ( ,k]n's be/ kn[n songs4 ,"o is ,symphonic ,/udy1 a tone poem introduc$ 9 #aidf by ! ,,nbc ,symphony "u ,frank ,black4 ,?is "w pres5ts sev]al ,k]n songs 9 correct *ronological sequ5ce beg9n+ ) 8,!y ,didn't ,believe ,me40 ,aft] t come 8,babes 9 ! ,wood10 8,! ,sir5's ,song10 8,left ,all ,alone ,aga9 ,blues10 8,:o801 8,ol' ,man ,riv]10 8,smoke ,gets ,9 ,y\r ,eyes10 & 8,all ! ,?+s ,y ,are40 ,! second ( ,b5nett's symphonic compositions is ! ,v>iations on a ,!me by ,j]ome ,k]n1 writt5 9 #aicd & soon aft] t introduc$ 9 ,new ,york by a *amb] or*e/ra conduct$ by ,b]n>d ,h]rmann4 ,! !me "h us$ = an effective s]ies ( v>iations is 8,once 9 a ,blue ,moon0 f ! ,broadway musical ,/epp+ ,/ones4 ,alb]t ,ketelby ,alb]t ,william ,ketelby 0 born 9 ,birm+ham1 ,engl&1 9 or ab\t #ahhe4 ,precoci\s 9 music he complet$ a piano sonata :5 he 0 only elev54 ,= six ye>s he att5d$ ! ,tr9ity ,college ( ,music 9 ,london :]e he captur$ e possible prize4 ,:5 he 0 sixte5 he became a *ur* organi/ 9 ,wimbl$on1 & at tw5ty-"o he conduct$ a !at] or*e/ra 9 ,london4 ,he lat] di/+ui%$ himself z a conductor ( "s ( ,london's mo/ important !at] or*e/ras1 besides appe>+ z a gue/ conductor ( _m ( ,europe's major symphonic organizations1 usually 9 p]=mances ( 8 own works4 ,= _m ye>s he 0 also ! music director ( ! ,columbia ,gramophone ,company 9 ,engl&4 ,he di$ at 8 home on ! ,isle ( ,wight on ,novemb] #bf1 #aiei4 ,a facile compos] ) a f9e s5se = atmosph]ic colors & = v>i$ moods1 ,ketelby produc$ a few s]i\s compositions among :i* 7 a ,caprice & a ,conc]/ueck 7ea* = piano & or*e/ra71 an ov]ture & ,suite de ,ballet 7bo? = or*e/ra7 & a qu9tet = piano & woodw9d4 ,he is1 h[ev]1 mo/ fam\s = 8 light] compositions1 two ( :i* are kn[n & he>d ! _w ov]4 ,9 a ,mona/]y ,g>d5 op5s ) a g5tle subject describ+ a lovely g>d5 populat$ by *irp+ birds4 ,aft] t comes a religi\s melody--a *ant ( monks 9 a modal /yle4 ,9 a ,p]sian ,g>d5 is effective = its skilful recreation ( an exotic backgr\nd ?r\gh ,ori5tal-type melodies1 h>monies1 & brilliant or*e/ral colors4 ,ketelby wrote sev]al o!r compositions 9 an ,ori5tal /yle1 ! be/ ( :i* is ,9 a ,*9ese ,temple ,g>d54 ,aram ,khat*aturian ,aram ,khat*aturian 0 born 9 ,tiflis1 ,russia1 on ,june #f1 #aijc4 ,he 0 ( ,arm5ian extraction4 ,he came to ,mosc[ 9 #aibj1 & enroll$ 9 ! ,gniess5 ,s*ool ( ,music4 ,f #aibi to #aicd he att5d$ ! ,mosc[ ,cons]vatory4 ,he fir/ a*iev$ recognition z a compos] 9 #aice ) 8 fir/ ,symphony1 & 9 #aicg he scor$ a major success ?r\gh\t ! music _w ) 8 fir/ piano conc]to1 /ill a favorite 9 ! mod]n conc]t rep]tory4 ,z "o ( ! lead+ compos]s 9 ! ,soviet ,union he has be5 ! recipi5t ( num]\s honors1 includ+ ! ,ord] ( ,l59 9 #aici1 & ! ,/al9 ,prize 9 #aidj & #aidb4 ,9 #aied he visit$ ,london :]e he l$ a conc]t ( 8 own music1 & e>ly 9 #aifj he t\r$ ,lat9 ,am]ica4 ,khat*aturian's music owes a /rong debt to ! folk songs & dances ( ,arm5ia & ,transcaucasia4 ,x is end[$ ) a s5sitive & at times exotic lyricism1 a compulsive rhy?mic /r5g?1 & a /rong feel+ = ! dramatic4 ,! mo/ popul> s+le piece ( music by ,khat*aturian comes f 8 ballet1 ,gayne 7or ,gayaneh71 fir/ p]=m$ 9 ,mosc[ on ,decemb] #i1 #aidb1 & ! recipi5t ( ! ,/al9 ,prize4 ,! h]o9e ( ?is ballet is a memb] ( a collective f>m :]e h] husb&1 ,giko1 proves a traitor4 ,he tries to set ! f>m afire4 ,! f>m is sav$ by a ,r$ ,comm&] :o falls 9 love ) ,gayne aft] ,giko has be5 arre/$4 ,khat*aturian assembl$ ?irte5 numb]s f 8 ballet score into two suites = or*e/ra4 ,x is "o ( ^! pieces t has a*iev$ widespread circulation3 ! 8,sab] ,dance10 a composition ^: impact comes f its abrupt b>b>ic rhy?ms & vivid sonorities2 midway1 relief f ^! rhy?mic t5sions comes f a broad folk song 9 violas & cellos4 8,sab] ,dance0 has become popul> 9 num]\s transcriptions1 includ+ an electrify+ "o = solo piano4 ,9 #aidh ,vic ,s*o5 made a fox-trot arrangem5t t 0 frequ5tly play$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,two o!r exc]pts f ^! ,gayne suites are also famili>4 8,dance ( ! ,rose ,girls0 pres5ts a delightful ,ori5tal melody 9 oboe & cl>9et aga9/ a pron\nc$ rhy?m4 8,lullaby0 has a g5tle sway+ motion 9 solo oboe aga9/ a decisive rhy?m 9 h>p & bassoon2 flutes take up ?is subject1 aft] :i* ! melody gr[s & exp&s 9 full or*e/ra1 & !n subsides4 ,masqu]ade is ano!r ( ,khat*aturian's or*e/ral suites1 ?is "o d]iv$ f 8 incid5tal music to a play by ,mikhail ,l]montov produc$ 9 #aici4 ,ea* ( ! five numb]s ( ?is suite is appeal+ ei!r = s5sitive & easily assimilable melodies or = rhy?mic vitality4 ,g5tle lyricism1 ( an almo/ folk-song id5tity1 *>act]izes ! second & ?ird movem5ts1 a 8,nocturne0 & 8,romance40 ,! fir/ & ! la/ two movem5ts are ess5tially rhy?mic3 8,waltz10 8,mazurka10 & 8,polka40 ,george ,kle9s+] ,george ,kle9s+] 0 born 9 ,san ,b]n>d9o1 ,cali=nia1 on ,febru>y #ac1 #aiad1 & came to ,new ,york ,city 9 8 six? ye>4 ,he 0 tra9$ = d5ti/ry1 & only aft] he _h left d5tal s*ool did he conc5trate on music4 ,8 fir/ int5sive p]iod ( music /udy took place ) ,philip ,james & ,m>ion ,bau] at ,new ,york ,univ]sity :]e he wrote an excell5t cantata1 ,i ,he> ,am]ica ,s++1 p]=m$ publicly & on records by ,john ,*>les ,?omas4 ,kle9s+] !n att5d$ ! ,juilli>d ,graduate ,s*ool on a composition fell[%ip4 ,9 #aidf he scor$ a major success ) ,tubby ! ,tuba4 ,he lat] wrote sev]al o!r works ) humor\s or satiric cont5t1 (t5 fill$ ) unusual in/rum5tal effects4 ,among ^! are 8 ,brooklyn ,baseball ,cantata2 a conc]to = h>monica & or*e/ra2 & ! musical1 ,ar*y & ,mehitabel 7,%9bone ,alley71 :i* 0 produc$ = records1 on ,broadway & ov] television4 ,9 a m s]i\s ve9 are a symphony & sev]al conc]tos4 ,tubby ! ,tuba1 = n>rator & or*e/ra 7#aidb7 belongs 9 ! class ( ,prok(iev's ,pet] & ! ,wolf4 ,x s]ves to famili>ize *ildr5 ) ! in/rum5ts ( ! or*e/ra1 b because ( its wit & simple melodies x also makes = wond]ful ent]ta9m5t4 ,x tells ! /ory ( a fru/rat$ tuba :o compla9s t he mu/ always play un9t]e/+ 8oompahs oompahs0 :ile ! viol9s are always assign$ ! mo/ beautiful tunes4 ,9 ! end ,tubby happily gets a wond]ful melody ( 8 own to enjoy & play4 ,all ! *>act]s 9 ?is tale are in/rum5ts ( ! or*e/ra4 ,9 #aidf a record+ ( ,tubby ! ,tuba sold ov] a qu>t] ( a million albums4 ,p>am\nt made a movie ( x1 & major or*e/ras ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry pres5t$ x bo? at *ildr5's conc]ts & 9 its regul>ly symphonic rep]tory4 ,fritz ,kreisl] ,fritz ,kreisl]1 "o ( ! greate/ viol9 virtuosos ( 8 g5]ation1 0 born 9 ,vi5na1 ,au/ria1 on ,febru>y #b1 #ahge4 ,he 0 a *ild prodigy at ! viol94 ,f #ahhb to #ahhe he att5d$ ! ,vi5na ,cons]vatory1 a pupil ( ,leopold ,au]1 w9n+ ! gold m$al = viol9 play+4 ,9 #ahhg1 z a pupil ( ,mass>t at ! ,p>is ,cons]vatory1 he 0 recipi5t ( ! ,gr& ,prix4 ,9 #ahhh1 he t\r$ ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 jo9t conc]ts ) ! piani/1 ,moriz ,ros5?al1 mak+ 8 ,am]ican debut 9 ,bo/on on ,novemb] #i4 ,^u return+ to ,vi5na1 he sudd5ly decid$ to ab&on music4 ,= a :ile he /udi$ m$ic9e at ! ,vi5na ,academy4 ,aft] t he ent]$ milit>y s]vice z an (fic] 9 a ,uhlan ,regim5t4 ,! decision to return to ! viol9 l$ to a new p]iod ( int5sive tra9+ f :i* he em]g$ 9 ,m>* #ahii ) a recital 9 ,b]l94 ,f #aija on until 8 retirem5t dur+ ,_w ,w> ,,ii he occupi$ a magi/ral place among ! conc]t arti/s ( 8 "t4 ,z a compos]1 ,kreisl] produc$ a viol9 conc]to & a /r+ qu>tet4 ,b 8 fame re/s securely on an entire libr>y ( pieces = ! viol9 n[ basic to t rep]tory & :i* are equally well lov$ 9 transcriptions = or*e/ra4 ,! curi\s ?+ ab\t _m ( ^! compositions is t = _m ye>s ,kreisl] pres5t$ !m z ! g5u9e works ( ! old ma/]s1 works :i* he said he _h discov]$ 9 ,european libr>ies & mona/]ies1 & :i* he _h m]ely adapt$ = ! viol94 ,he _h rec\rse to ?is deception e>ly 9 #aijj z ! exp$i5t by :i* a /ill "y & unkn[n viol9i/ c\ld get 8 own music play$ m frequ5tly1 besides ext5d+ = 8 own conc]ts ! m or less limit$ t]ritory ( ! exi/+ viol9 rep]tory4 ,8 deception prov$ mu* m successful ?an he _h d>$ to hope4 ,viol9i/s ev]y:]e ask$ him = copies ( ^! pieces = _! own conc]ts4 ,publi%]s 9 ,g]many & ,new ,york sold ^! 8transcriptions0 by ! ?\s&s4 ,z ! ye>s pass$ x became increas+ly difficult = ,kreisl] to confess to ! _w t he _h all ! :ile be5 palm+ (f a colossal fraud4 ,!n1 9 #aice1 ,ol9 ,d[nes1 ! music critic ( ! ,new ,york ,times1 tri$ to trace ! s\rce ( "o ( ^! compositions--,pugnani's ,praeludium & ,allegro--n[ a worldwide favorite ) viol9i/s4 ,d[nes fir/ communicat$ ) ,kreisl]'s ,new ,york publi%]s :o 7 suspici\sly evasive4 ,aft] t ,d[nes cabl$ ,kreisl]1 !n 9 ,europe4 ,x 0 only !n t ! viol9i/ reveal$ t ?is piece 0 entirely 81 & s 7 _m o!rs :i* he _h be5 pres5t+ s long z ! music ( ,vivaldi1 ,m>t9i1 ,c\p]91 & ,francoeur among o!rs4 ,x 0 to be expect$ t musicians & critics %\ld meet su* a confession ) ang] & d5unciation4 8,we wi% to apply ! t]m discr$itable to ! :ole transaction f />t to f9i%10 "o ,am]ican music j\rnal said editorially4 ,9 ,engl&1 ,erne/ ,newman 0 also deva/at+ 9 8 attack4 8,x is z ?\gh ,mr4 ,yeats publi%$ poems "u ! "n ( ,h]rick or ,sp5s]10 he said4 ,yet1 9 retrospect1 x is possible to sugge/ t musicians & critics %\ld n h be5 tak5 altoge!r by surprise4 ,= "o ?+1 z ,kreisl] po9t$ out1 num]\s progressions & passages 9 all ( ^! compositions 7 9 a /yle ( a p]iod mu* lat] ?an t ( ! accr$it$ compos]s1 a fact t %\ld h inspir$ at lea/ a c]ta9 am\nt ( suspicion4 ,also1 :5 ,kreisl] pres5t$ 8 own ,liebesfreud1 ,liebesleid1 & ,s*o5 ,rosm>9 z transcriptions ( po/hum\s pieces by ,joseph ,lann] 9 a ,b]l9 recital1 & 0 vigor\sly assail$ by a ,b]l9 critic = d>+ to include su* gems ) 8tripe0 l ,kreisl]'s own ,caprice ,vi5nois1 ,kreisl] repli$ ) a widely publi%$ /atem5t t ^? pieces ( ,lann] 7 ( 8 own composition4 ,! reasonable "q %\ld !n h aris5 t if ! ?ree suppos$ly ,lann] items 7 by ,kreisl]1 h[ au!ntic 7 ! o!r pieces ( old ma/]s play$ by ! virtuoso8 ,besides all ?is1 ,kreisl] himself provid$ a /rong clue to ! correct au?or%ip 9 ! frontispiece ( 8 publi%$ transcriptions4 ,x read3 8,! orig9al manuscripts us$ = ^! transcriptions are ! private prop]ty ( ,mr4 ,fritz ,kreisl] & are n[ publi%$ = ! fir/ "t2 !y are1 moreov]1 s freely treat$ t !y con/itute1 9 fact1 orig9al works40 ,! furor & commotion caus$ by ! uncov]+ ( ?is fraud has long s9ce di$ d[n4 ,x has _h no visible effect on ,kreisl]'s imm5se popul>ity ei!r z a viol9i/ or compos]4 ,s9ce !n1 all ?is music has be5 publi%$ & p]=m$ z ,kreisl]'s )\t los+ any ( its worldwide appeal4 ,among ! compositions by ,kreisl] :i* he orig9ally ascrib$ to o!r ma/]s 9 imitation ( _! /yles 73 ,&ant9o 7,m>t9i72 ,aubade prov5ale 7,c\p]972 ,*anson ,l\is ,,xiii et ,pavane 7,c\p]972 ,m9uet 7,porpora72 ,praeludium & ,allegro 7,pugnani72 ,la ,prcieuse 7,c\p]972 ,s*]zo 7,ditt]sdorf71 ,sicili5ne et ,rigaudon 7,francoeur72 ,tempo di m9uetto 7,pugnani74 ,p]haps ! be/ lov$ pieces by ,kreisl] are ^? 9 ! /yle ( ,vi5nese folk songs & dances 9 :i* are caught all ! grace & ,gemuetli*keit ( ,vi5nese life & backgr\nds4 ,"s he orig9ally tri$ to pass (f z ! works ( o!r compos]s1 z 0 ! case ) ! already-m5tion$ ,liebesfreud1 ,liebesleid1 & ,s*o5 ,rosm>91 attribut$ to ,lann]4 ,"s 7 outright transcriptions4 ,! ,old ,refra9 is an adaptation ( a song 8,du alt] ,/efanturm0 by ,joseph ,br&l tak5 f 8 op]etta1 ,d] liebe ,augu/91 produc$ 9 ,vi5na 9 #ahhg4 ,/ill o!rs 7 always (f]$ z ,kreisl]'s own compositions & are completely orig9al ) him3 ,caprice ,vi5nois1 = example1 & ! ,m>*e m9iature vi5noise4 ,among o!r orig9al ,kreisl] compositions :i* he always pres5t$ z 8 own are ! foll[+3 ,la ,gitana1 :i* simulates an ,arabian-,spani% song2 ,poli*9elle1 a s]5ade2 ,rond9o1 bas$ on a !me ( ,bee?ov52 ,%eph]d's ,madrigal2 ,slavonic ,fantasia1 bas$ on melodies ( ,dvok2 ,tamb\r9 ,*9ois2 & ,toy ,soldi]s' ,m>*4 d\>d ,lalo d\>d ,lalo 0 born 9 ,lille1 ,france1 on ,janu>y #bg1 #ahbc4 ,aft] receiv+ 8 musical tra9+ at ,cons]vatories 9 ,lille & ,p>is1 he became a memb] ( ! ,arm+aud-,jacqu>d ,qu>tet1 a r5[n$ ,fr5* *amb]-music ensemble4 ,9 #ahdh-ahdi he publi%$ "s songs2 9 #ahfg he receiv$ ?ird prize 9 a national conte/ = 8 op]a1 ,fiesque2 & 9 #ahgb he 0 acclaim$ = 8 ,div]tim5to1 = or*e/ra1 introduc$ 9 ,p>is4 ,two major works writt5 = ! not$ ,spani% viol9i/1 ,pablo de ,s>asate1 add$ consid]ably to 8 reputation3 a viol9 conc]to 9 #ahgb1 & ! celebrat$ ,symphonic espagnole1 = viol9 & or*e/ra1 two ye>s aft] t4 ,"o ( 8 la/ major works 0 ! op]a1 ,le ,roi d',ys1 introduc$ at ! ,opra-,comique 9 ,p>is on ,may #g1 #ahhh4 ,9 t same ye> he 0 made ,(fic] ( ! ,legion ( ,honor & sometime lat] he receiv$ ! ,prix ,monb9ne f ! ,acadmie des ,beaux-,arts4 ,9 ! la/ ye>s ( 8 life he 0 a victim ( p>alysis4 ,he di$ 9 ,p>is on ,april #bb1 #ahib4 ,a compos] ( ! highe/ pr9ciples & ari/ocratic /yle1 ,lalo is ess5tially a compos] = cultivat$ ta/es4 ,"o ( 8 works1 h[ev]1 makes = easy li/5+4 ,x is ! ,norwegian ,rhapsody 7,rapsodie norvgi5ne71 = or*e/ra 7#ahge74 ,!re are two sections4 ,! fir/ beg9s sl[ly & s$ately1 its ma9 melody appe>+ 9 ! /r+s4 ,"h ! tempo soon quick5s & a sprightly passage ensues4 ,! second "p ( ! rhapsody1 u%]$ 9 by a /\t !me = trumpets1 is vigor\s music ?r\gh\t4 ,josef ,lann] ,josef ,lann]1 ! fir/ ( ! great waltz k+s ( ,vi5na1 0 born 9 ! ,au/rian capital on ,april #ab1 #ahja4 ,:5 he 0 twelve he play$ ! viol9 9 ! b& ( ,mi*ael ,pam]1 a popul> ,vi5nese compos] ( t day4 ,9 #ahah ,lann] =m$ a trio :i* play$ 9 small] cafs & at ! ,prat]4 ,9 #ahai ! trio grew into a qu>tet ) ! addition ( ! old] ,johann ,/rauss 7fa!r ( ! compos] ( ,! ,blue ,danube71 !n only fifte5 ye>s old4 ,soon aft]w>ds1 ! qu>tet 0 exp&$ into a qu9tet4 ,by #ahbd1 ,lann]'s ensemble 0 a full-siz$ or*e/ra popul> ?r\gh\t ,vi5na1 he>d 9 su* fam\s caf h\ses z ! ,gold55 ,rebbuhn1 & ! ,gru55 ,jag]1 z well z at lead+ balls & o!r gala social ev5ts 9 ,vi5na4 ,! call = ,lann]'s music 0 s insi/5t t to meet ! dem& x soon became necess>y to create two or*e/ras2 "o l$ by ,lann]1 & ! o!r by ! eld] ,/rauss4 ,lann] rema9$ an idol ( ,vi5na until 8 dea?1 :i* took place 9 ,ob]doebl+1 ne> ,vi5na1 on ,april #ad1 #ahdc4 ,= 8 v>i\s ensembles & or*e/ras ,lann] produc$ a weal? ( popul> ,vi5nese music3 quadrilles1 polkas1 galops1 m>*es1 & m ?an a hundr$ waltzes4 ,x is 9 ! la/ dep>tm5t t ,lann] 0 mo/ important1 = he 0 "o ( ! fir/ compos]s to c>ry ! waltz to its arti/ic fulfillm5t4 ,) compos]s f ,moz>t to ,s*ub]t1 ! waltz 0 only a ?ree-"p song =m ) a trio4 ,johann ,hummel & ,k>l ,m>ia von ,web] sugge/$ a m spaci\s design by assembl+ sev]al diff]5t waltz tunes into a s+le integrat$ composition4 ,lann] ext5d$ ?is =m fur!r4 ,he prefac$ ea* s]ies ( waltzes ) an introduction 9 :i* ! !me ( ! ma9 melody 0 (t5 sugge/$2 aft] ! waltz melodies _h be5 pres5t$1 ,lann] br\ght 8 composition to completion ) a coda :i* s]v$ z a k9d ( summation ( "s ( ! ideas previ\sly /at$4 ,betwe5 ! introduction & ! coda came ! succession ( lilt+1 lovable1 he>t-w>m+ waltz-melodies s rem>kable = _! grace1 elegance1 fre%ness & poignancy t ,lann] has sometimes be5 describ$ z 8! ,moz>t ( ! dance40 ,nev]!less1 ,lann] always emphasiz$ so>+ lyricism :]e ! eld] ,/rauss 0 m p>tial to rhy?m4 ,! ,vi5nese us$ to say3 8,) ,lann]1 x's #8,pray dance1 ,i beg y4' ,) ,/rauss x's #8,y mu/ dance1 ,i comm& y6'0 ,! =m :i* ,lann] f9ally cry/alliz$1 & ! /yle ) :i* 8 waltz music unfold$1 7 adopt$ by ! two ,johann ,/rausses1 fa!r & son1 :o 7 de/9$ to br+ ?is type ( ,vi5nese music to its ultimate developm5t4 ,?us ,lann] 0 ! op5+ *apt] ( a musical epo*4 ,he 0 ! dawn ( ,vi5na's gold5 age ( waltz music4 ,lann]'s mo/ fam\s waltz is ,die ,s*o5brunn]1 op4 #bjj1 8 swan song4 ,o!r out/&+ ,lann] waltzes are3 ,die ,pe/h]1 op4 #ic1 ,die ,w]b]1 op4 #ajc1 ,h(ballta5ze1 op4 #afa1 ,die ,romantik]1 op4 #afg1 & ,ab5d/]ne1 op4 #ahj4 8,) ,lann]10 wrote ,h4 ,e4 ,jacob1 8! romantic epo* began = ! waltz1 & ! fl[]-g>d5s & gre5 leaves ( ,spr+ p5etrat$ into ! ballroom4 ,lann]'s compositions are unsophi/icat$ & unpret5ti\s1 b 8 waltzes c\ld no m be commonplace ?an c\ld a fl[]40 ,*>les ,lecocq ,*>les ,lecocq 0 born 9 ,p>is on ,june #c1 #ahcb4 ,= f\r ye>s he att5d$ ! ,p>is ,cons]vatory :]e1 z a pupil ( ,baz9 & ,halvy1 he receiv$ prizes 9 h>mony & fugue4 ,= a :ile he e>n$ 8 liv+ tea*+ ! piano & writ+ *ur* music4 ,9 #aheg he %>$ ) ,bizet ! fir/ prize 9 a competition = "o-act op]ettas sponsor$ by ,(f5ba*4 ,?is w9n+ "w1 ,le ,docteur miracle1 0 successfully introduc$ 9 ,p>is t ye>4 ,aft] t ,lecocq wrote sev]al light op]as :i* 7 failures1 be=e he enjoy$ a major success ) ,fleur de ? 9 #ahfh1 fir/ 9 ,p>is & subsequ5tly 9 ,engl& & ,g]many4 ,8 greate/ successes came ) two cr[n+ works 9 ! ,fr5* light-op]a rep]tory3 ,la ,fille de ,mme4 ,angot 9 #ahgb1 & ,gir(l-,gir(la1 9 #ahgd4 ,betwe5 #ahgd & #aijj he wrote ov] ?irty m op]ettas4 ,he di$ 9 ,p>is on ,octob] #bd1 #aiah aft] enjoy+ = almo/ half a c5tury a place ( signal honor among ,france's compos]s = ! popul> !at]4 ,lecocq is rememb]$ today ma9ly = ,la ,fille de ,mme4 ,angot & ,gir(l-,gir(la4 ,! fir/ ( ^! 0 introduc$ 9 ,brussels on ,decemb] #d1 #ahgb4 ,9 ,p>is1 :]e x 0 giv5 on ,febru>y #bc1 #ahgc1 x enjoy$ ! =midable run ( m ?an five hundr$ consecutive p]=mances4 ,! book--by ,siraud91 ,clairville & ,kon+--0 set 9 ,p>is dur+ ! ,fr5* ,revolution4 ,clairette1 daught] ( ,mme4 ,angot1 mu/ m>ry ! b>b] ,pomponnet ev5 ?\gh %e loves ! poet1 ,pit\4 ,to avoid an undesirable m>riage1 ev5 at ! risk ( arre/1 ,clairette s+s a d>+ song by ,pit\ ab\t an illicit affair betwe5 ,mlle4 ,lange 7reput$ a favorite ( ,b>ras1 head ( ! ,directory7 & a "y lov]4 ,:5 ,pit\ proves fickle1 & is discov]$ 9 ! b\doir ( ,mlle4 ,lange1 ,clairette /&s ready to =get him completely & to take ,pomponnet z h] husb&4 ,! sprightly ov]ture1 fill$ ) vivaci\s tunes & dramatiz$ by en]getic rhy?ms1 is a favorite ( semi-classical or*e/ras4 ,s are sev]al dances f ! op]etta1 includ+ an electrify+ ,c-,c1 & a sweep+ ,gr& ,valse ) :i* ! second act comes to an excit+ close4 ,! ma9 vocal exc]pts are ,pomponnet's passionate av[al ( ,clairette's innoc5ce1 8,elle e/ tellem5t innoc5te0 & ! duet ( ,mlle4 ,lange & ,clairette1 8,j\rs =tuns de notre enfance0 bo? f ,act #b4 ,gir(l-,gir(la--book by ,vanloo & ,let]ri]--0 introduc$ 9 ,brussels on ,m>* #ba1 #ahgd4 ,gir(l & ,gir(la are tw9 si/]s4 ,gir(l is pressur$ by h] p>5ts to m>ry ! bank]1 ,m>asqu92 ,gir(la is 9 love ) an impov]i%$ fire-eat+ ,moor1 ,m\rz\k4 ,:5 ,gir(la is secretly abduct$ by pirates1 ! ,moor comes to h] home dem&+ to see h]1 only to mi/ake ,gir(l = ,gir(la4 ,! complicat$ situation ensu+ becomes resolv$ only aft] ,gir(la is rescu$ & br\ght back home4 ,! mo/ frequ5tly he>d exc]pts f ?is gay score are ! ,pirates' ,*orus1 8,p>mi les *oses02 ! r\s+ dr9k+ song1 8,le ,pun*e sc9tille02 ! ballad1 8,lorsque la j\rne e/ f9ie02 & ! love duet1 8,o ,ciel60 ,erne/o ,lecuona ,erne/o ,lecuona 0 born 9 ,havana1 ,cuba1 on ,augu/ #g1 #ahif4 ,z a boy ( elev5 he publi%$ 8 fir/ piece ( music--an ,am]ican two /ep /ill popul> ) "s ,cuban b&s4 ,:ile att5d+ ! ,national ,cons]vatory 9 ,cuba1 f :i* he 0 graduat$ 9 #aiaa ) a gold m$al 9 piano play+1 he e>n$ 8 liv+ z a piani/ 9 cafs & movie !at]s4 ,9 #aiag he paid ! fir/ ( sev]al visits to ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 at t "t mak+ "s records & giv+ a piano recital4 ,he !n made conc]t t\rs ?r\gh\t ,am]ica & ,europe play+ ! piano & conduct+ semi-classical & popul> or*e/ras4 ,8 p]=mances 7 l>gely responsible = popul>iz+ 9 ,am]ica bo? ! conga & ! rumba 9 ! #aibj's4 ,he also made "s successful appe>ances at ! ,capitol ,!at]1 9 ,new ,york1 :]e he introduc$ 8 own music1 includ+ su* out/&+ successes z ,malaguea1 ,&aluca1 & ,siboney 7! la/ orig9ally entitl$ ,canto ,siboney1 :i* became an ,am]ican popul>-song hit 9 #aibi74 ,^! & simil> pieces made ,lecuona "o ( ! mo/ successful expon5ts ( ,lat9-,am]ican melodies & dance rhy?ms 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,lecuona has writt5 ov] five hundr$ songs1 =ty op]ettas1 & num]\s compositions bo? = or*e/ra & = piano solo4 ,f a piano suite entitl$ ,&aluca come two ( ,lecuona's be/ kn[n in/rum5tal compositions4 ,! fir/ is also call$ ,&aluca1 a haunt+ ,s\? ,am]ican melody set aga9/ a compulsive rhy?m4 ,x 0 made into an ,am]ican popul> song 9 #aiee4 ,ano!r movem5t f ,&aluca is ev5 m famili>3 ! ,malaguea4 ,s9ce its publication z a piano solo 9 #aibi1 ,malaguea has sold annually ov] a hundr$ ?\s& copies ( %eet music ea* ye>2 x has become a favorite ( conc]t piani/s2 x is also (t5 p]=m$ by salon & pop or*e/ras ev]y:]e 9 or*e/ral transcriptions2 & x has be5 adapt$ into a popul> song1 8,at ! ,crossroads40 ,x is 9 ?ree sections1 ! fir/ be+ 9 ! malaguea rhy?m dynamically project$ 9 sl[+ exp&+ sonorities2 a contra/ comes 9 ! middle "p ) a poignant ,lat9-,am]ican melody4 ,&aluca1 ! s+le movem5t & n ! suite z a :ole1 has be5 giv5 a brilliant or*e/ral dress by ,morton ,g\ld :o has also or*e/rat$ two out/&+ly popul> ,lecuona songs4 ,"o is 8,la ,comp>asa10 a picture ( a traditional p>ade dur+ ! ,c>nival season 9 :i* ,negroes & mulete]s play _! native in/rum5ts & s+ _! s5sual songs4 ,! o!r is 8,gitan]ias10 haunt+ gypsy music4 ,franz ,lehr ,franz ,lehr 0 born 9 ,komorn1 ,hung>y1 on ,april #cj1 #ahgj4 ,8 fa!r1 a b&ma/]1 0 8 fir/ music tea*]4 ,:5 ,franz 0 twelve1 he ent]$ ! ,prague ,cons]vatory :]e he rema9$ six ye>s specializ+ 9 ! viol9 ) ,b5newitz & !ory ) ,fo]/]4 ,8 /udies 7 complet$ 9 #ahhh1 aft] :i* he play$ ! viol9 9 ! or*e/ra ( ! ,eb]feld ,op]a4 ,he subsequ5tly became an assi/ant b&lead] ( 8 fa!r's ensemble & a director ( ,au/ria's =emo/ ,m>9e b&s4 ,9 #ahif he realiz$ 8 fir/ success z a compos] ( op]ettas ) ,kukus*ka1 produc$ 9 ,leipzig4 ,9 #aijb he became conductor ( ! ,!at]-an-d]-,wi51 9 ,vi5na1 home ( op]ettas4 ,!re1 9 ! same ye>1 he _h produc$ ,vi5nese ,wom5 7,wi5] ,frau574 ,! op]etta aft] t 0 ,! ,gypsy 7,d] ,ra/elb9d]71 se5 9 #aijb 9 "o ( ,vi5na's o!r !at]s4 ,) ,! ,m]ry ,wid[ 7,die lu/ige ,witwe71 se5 9 #aije1 ,lehr a*iev$ a triumph ( su* magnitude t f !n on he 0 "o ( ,au/ria's mo/ celebrat$ op]etta compos]s 7& "o ( ! weal?ie/7 s9ce ,johann ,/rauss ,,ii4 ,he wrote ab\t ?irty m op]ettas 7?ree ( !m 9 ! s+le ye> ( #aiji-aiaj74 ,! mo/ fam\s 7 ,! ,c\nt ( ,luxemb\rg 7,d] ,graf von ,luxemburg7 9 #aiji2 ,gypsy ,love 7,zigeun]liebe7 9 #aiaj2 ,frasquita 9 #aibb2 ,pagan9i 9 #aibe2 ,! ,ts>evit* 7,d] ,z>ewits*7 9 #aibg2 & ,! ,l& ( ,smiles 7,das ,l& des ,lae*elns7 9 #aibi4 ,dur+ ,_w ,w> ,,ii ,lehr liv$ 9 seclusion at 8 villa 9 ,bad ,is*l1 ,au/ria4 ,aft] ! w> he became embitt]$ by ! widely publiciz$ accusation t he _h be5 pro ,nazi1 aris+ no d\bt f ! well-kn[n fact t ,! ,m]ry ,wid[ 0 ,hitl]'s favorite op]etta4 ,:at 0 =gott5 9 ?is attack aga9/ ,lehr 0 ! fact t 8 wife _h be5 classifi$ by ,nazis z non-,aryan & t on "o occasion bo? & he & 8 wife 7 subject$ by ! ,ge/apo to h\se arre/4 ,lehr di$ 9 ,bad ,is*l1 ,au/ria1 on ,octob] #bd1 #aidh4 ,he is "o ( ! few compos]s to outlive ! copyrights ( "s ( 8 mo/ fam\s works4 ,lehr's popul>ity 9 ! e>ly "p ( ?is c5tury gave ! ,vi5nese op]etta a new lease on life at a "t :5 its heyday 0 believ$ ov]4 ,x 0 ?r\gh ! influ5ce ( ,lehr's imm5se popul>ity & success t compos]s l ,osc> ,/raus1 ,emm]i* ,klmn1 & ,leo ,fall began writ+ _! own op]ettas4 ,lehr's be/ /age works h be5 describ$ z 8dance op]ettas0 because ( ! emphasis plac$ on dance music1 ! waltz specifically4 ,! dance usually becomes ! climax1 ! focal po9t1 ( ! production4 ,/an ,cze* fur!r po9ts out t ,lehr's waltzes are 8sl[] & sweet] ?an ^? ( ,johann ,/rauss1 7 def9ite prototypes ( ! mod]n sl[ waltz1 & _! ,slav atmosph]e gave !m an excit+ & individual "*40 ,! ,c\nt ( ,luxemb\rg 7,d] ,graf von ,luxemburg7--text by ,willn] & ,rob]t ,bodanzky--0 fir/ giv5 9 ,vi5na on ,novemb] #ab1 #aiji4 ,?is op]etta op5s 9 an arti/'s /udio 9 ,p>is :]e ,r51 ! impov]i%$ ,c\nt ( ,luxemb\rg1 is (f]$ five hundr$ ?\s& francs by ,pr9ce ,basil if ,r5 is will+ to m>ry ! s+] ,angele & let h] %>e 8 title4 ,! reason = ?is peculi> arrangem5t is t ! ,pr9ce is himself 9 love ) ,angele1 wants to m>ry h]1 b pref]s t 8 wife h a title4 ,aft] !y get m>ri$1 ,r5 & ,angele discov] !y are 9 love ) ea* o!r1 a fact :i* ev5tually ! ,pr9ce is will+ to accept s9ce he is ord]$ by ! ,cz> to m>ry a legitimate ,c\ntess4 ,z 9 mo/ ,lehr's op]ettas1 ! high musical mom5t comes ) a waltz--! infecti\s duet ( ,r5 & ,angele1 8,bi/ du's1 la*5des ,glueck10 :i* is also extremely popul> 9 or*e/ral adaptations4 ,o!r appeal+ numb]s are ! second act duet1 8,lieb] ,freund1 man greift ni*t0 & ! t5or aria1 8,ma$el kle91 ,ma$el fe940 ,frasquita1 produc$ 9 ,vi5na on ,may #ab1 #aibb1 is rememb]$ mo/ (t5 = "o ( ,lehr's mo/ beautiful vocal numb]s1 ! no/algic & romantic ,frasquita ,s]5ade1 8,hab e9 blaues ,himmelbett40 ,fritz ,kreisl] made a f9e transcription = viol9 & piano1 & ,sigmund ,spae? provid$ ! melody ) ,am]ican lyrics4 ,gypsy ,love 7,zigeun]liebe71 _h its _w premire 9 ,vi5na on ,janu>y #h1 #aiaj4 ,! libretti/s 7,willn] & ,bodanzky7 provid$ a romantic /orybook sett+ ( ,rumania1 & a romantic c5tral "* 9 ! =m ( ! gypsy viol9i/1 ,jozsi4 ,zorika is ineluctably drawn to ,jozsi ?\gh %e is actually betro!d to 8 half-bro!r1 ,jonel4 ,9 a dream1 %e gets a =eta/e ( :at h] life w\ld be ) "o s irresponsible & fickle z a gypsy viol9i/1 ) ! result t %e is m ?an happy to m>ry ,jonel4 ,! ma9 waltz melody 7"o ( ,lehr's greate/7 is 8,nur d] ,liebe ma*t uns jung0 & ! mo/ infecti\s ,hung>ian tune is ,jozsi's so>+ entrance gypsy melody to ! accompanim5t ( 8 viol91 8,i* b9 e9 ,zigeun]k9d40 ,f ,! ,l& ( ,smiles 7,das ,l& des ,lae*elns7 comes :at is probably ! be/ lov$ & mo/ widely sung ( all ( ,lehr's vocal numb]s1 8,de9 i/ me9 ganzes ,h]z0 78,?9e ,is ,my ,he>t ,alone07 :i* op5$ n 9 ,vi5na b 9 ,b]l91 on ,octob] #aj1 #aibi4 ,?is 0 actually a new v]sion ( an old ,lehr op]etta1 orig9ally call$ ,! ,yell[ ,jacket 7,die gelbe ,jacke7 :i* _h be5 introduc$ 9 ,vi5na 9 #aibc4 ,! romantic plot ( bo? op]ettas involv$ a ,*9ese diplomat1 ,pr9ce ,s\-,*ong1 & ,lisa1 daught] ( an ,au/rian ,c\nt4 ,!y m>ry & settle 9 ,pek+ 9 ^: /range sett+1 ,lisa's love = ! ,pr9ce soon turns to hate4 ,) great magnanimity--ev5 ?\gh ?is is 9 violation ( anci5t ,*9ese traditions & cu/oms--he all[s ,lisa to leave him & return home4 ,9 ,! ,yell[ ,jacket1 8,?9e ,is ,my ,he>t ,alone0 is sung by ,lisa1 & at t "t ?is numb] made little impression4 ,! fam\s t5or1 ,ri*>d ,taub]1 fell 9 love ) x1 & p]=m$ x s ext5sively 9 8 recitals ev]y:]e t he & ! song became inextricably id5tifi$4 ,:5 ,lehr revis$ 8 op]etta & r5am$ x ,! ,l& ( ,smiles1 he ca/ ! song 8,?9e ,is ,my ,he>t ,alone0 z a major second-act aria = ,pr9ce ,s\-,*ong1 ,ri*>d ,taub] play+ ! "p ( ! ,pr9ce4 ,! ,l& ( ,smiles 0 a p]sonal triumph = ,taub] :o appe>$ 9 x ov] #b1ejj times all ov] ! _w4 8,?9e ,is ,my ,he>t ,alone0 became ) him some?+ ( a !me song4 ,he r>ely gave a conc]t any:]e )\t s++ x ei!r on ! program itself or z an encore4 ,:5 ,! ,l& ( ,smiles 0 giv5 9 ,new ,york ,city 9 #aidf1 ) ,taub] z ! />1 ! op]etta 0 r5am$ ,y\rs ,is ,my ,he>t2 9 ?is production ,taub] sang ! song f\r times 9 f\r diff]5t languages1 ,fr5*1 ,italian1 ,g]man1 & ,engli%4 ,!re c be little "q b t ,! ,m]ry ,wid[ 7,die lu/ige ,witwe7 is "o ( ! mo/ fam\s op]ettas ev] writt54 ,x 0 a s5sation :5 fir/ p]=m$1 9 ,vi5na on ,decemb] #bh1 #aije4 ,x came bo? to ,london & ,new ,york 9 #aijg1 a major success 9 bo? places4 ,9 ,bu5os ,aires x 0 p]=m$ simultane\sly 9 five !at]s 9 five diff]5t languages4 ,s9ce #aijg !re 0 h>dly a "t :5 ,! ,m]ry ,wid[ 0 n be+ p]=m$ 9 "s "p ( ! _w4 ,x has enjoy$ 9 excess ( six ?\s& p]=mances1 a ?\s& ( ^! 9 ,vi5na alone4 ,on sev]al occasions x has be5 adapt$ = ! scre54 ,victor ,lon & ,leo ,/e9 wrote ! text4 ,?is is ! usual op]etta mat]ial involv+ a beautiful heiress f a my?ical k+dom4 ,%e is ,sonia f ,m>sovia1 :o is lead+ a gay life 9 ,p>is4 ,beautiful & weal?y1 %e is inevitably s\ght out by ! mo/ h&some m5 ( ,p>is4 ,! gov]nm5t ( ,m>sovia is eag] to get h] to m>ry "o ( its native sons1 ! da%+ ,pr9ce ,danilo1 !reby keep+ h] =tune at home4 ,z %e conducts h] vivaci\s night life %e is zeal\sly wat*$ ov] by ! ,m>sovian ,ambassador1 ,b>on ,pop(f1 :o nev] loses an opportunity to fur!r ! int]e/s ( ,danilo4 ,ev5tually1 ,sonia has _h h] fl+ & is ready to settle d[n ) ! ,pr9ce4 ,! ,m]ry ,wid[ ,waltz1 8,s'flue/]n ,geig51 ,lipp5 s*weig510 an eye-fill+ climax to ! ?ird act1 is n only ! mo/ popul> exc]pt f ?is op]etta b also "o ( ! mo/ celebrat$ waltzes ev] writt54 ,a second>y waltz1 8,vilia0 is also highly beguil+1 :ile a ?ird musical favorite f ?is score is 8,da geh' i* zu ,maxim0 78,! ,girl at ,maxim's074 ,:at is "o ( ,lehr's be/ waltzes1 second 9 popul>ity only to t ( ,! ,m]ry ,wid[1 does n come f any op]etta4 ,x is ! ,gold & ,silv] ,waltzes 7,gold und ,silb] ,waelz]71 op4 #gi :i* he wrote z a conc]t numb]4 ,ruggi]o ,leoncavallo ,ruggi]o ,leoncavallo 0 born 9 ,naples1 ,italy1 on ,m>* #h1 #aheh4 ,he 0 graduat$ f ! ,bologna ,cons]vatory1 !n sp5t sev]al ye>s travel+4 ,he f9ally came to ,p>is :]e he e>n$ 8 liv+ play+ ! piano1 s++1 & writ+ music-hall songs4 ,! p[]ful ,italian publi%]1 ,ricordi1 commission$ him to write a trilogy ( op]as set 9 ! ,r5aissance4 ,leoncavallo complet$ ! fir/ ( ^! op]as1 ,i ,m$ici1 b x prov$ too exp5sive to m\nt & 0 %elv$4 ,?is exp]i5ce conv9c$ him t he ought to write an op]a ( slight] dim5sions1 "o :i* w\ld n co/ too mu* to produce1 & :i* w\ld be 9 ! reali/ic /yle 78,v]ismo07 j made s popul> by ,mascagni's ,cavall]ia ,ru/icana4 ,9 f\r mon?s' "t1 ,leoncavallo complet$ ,pagliacci1 ! op]a ?r\gh :i* 8 "n survives4 ,x receiv$ a triumphant premire 9 ,milan 9 #ahib1 ) ,toscan9i conduct+4 ,?\gh ,leoncavallo wrote _m op]as aft] t he nev] wrote "o z good or z popul> z ! "o t made him _w fam\s4 ,only "o ( ^! lat] op]as has reta9$ int]e/1 ,zaza1 introduc$ 9 #aijj4 ,a ?ird op]a1 ,la ,bohme1 0 well receiv$ :5 introduc$ 9 ,v5ice 9 #ahig1 b 0 soon ?r[n into complete obscurity by a rival op]a on ! same subject1 t ( ,pucc9i4 ,9 #aijf ,leoncavallo t\r$ ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 p]=mances ( ,pagliacci4 ,! failures ( 8 la/ op]as made him a bitt]1 brok5 man 9 ! la/ ye>s ( 8 life4 ,he di$ 9 ,montecat9i1 ,italy1 on ,augu/ #i1 #aiai4 ,! compos] prep>$ 8 own libretto = ,pagliacci1 a play )9 a play4 ,a tr\pe ( /roll+ play]s head$ by ,canio arrives = p]=mances 9 a ,calabrian village4 ,canio's wife1 ,n$da1 falls 9 love ) ,silvio1 "o ( ! villag]s1 & %e 9 turn is be+ pursu$ by ! pa!tic cl[n ( ! tr\pe1 ,tonio4 ,?r\gh ,tonio1 ,canio discov]s 8 wife has be5 unfai?ful to him1 b fails to le>n ! id5tity ( 8 rival4 ,at ! tr\pe's ev5+ p]=mance--& 9 a play t closely resembles ! actual happ5+s )9 ! company--,canio kills ,n$da :5 %e fails to tell him :o h] lov] is4 ,b ,silvio1 9 ! audi5ce1 reveals himself by ru%+ on ! /age to help ,n$da4 ,!re ,canio kills him4 ,_m ( ! selections f ?is op]a are fam\s1 b ! mo/ fam\s ( all is ! t5or aria1 9 :i* ,canio speaks 8 imm5se grief on discov]+ t 8 wife has a lov]1 8,ve/i la giubba40 ,! o!r famili> exc]pts include ! b>itone prologue1 8,si pu10 9 :i* ,tonio expla9s to 8 audi5ce t ! incid5ts 9 ! play ab\t to be pres5t$ are true to life & t ! play]s are n p]=m]s b human be+s2 ,n$da's delightful ballatella1 8,! ,bird ,song0 78,/ridono lass07 :]e %e tries to =get ab\t ,tonio's initial response ( jeal\sy by wat*+ & describ+ ! casual & c>efree flight ( birds ov]head2 ! 8,h>lequ9's ,s]5ade0 9 ! play )9 ! play sequ5ce 9 ! second act1 8,o ,columb9a602 & a melodi\s or*e/ral ,int]mezzo :i* sep>ates ! fir/ & second acts1 music :i* h9ts d>kly at imp5d+ trag$y ?r\gh a poignant recall ( ,tonio's prologue4 ,anatol ,liadov ,anatol ,liadov 0 born 9 ,/4 ,pet]sburg1 ,russia1 on ,may #aj1 #ahee1 ! son & gr&son ( em95t ,russian conductors4 ,he 0 a pupil ( ,rimsky-,korsakov at ! ,/4 ,pet]sburg ,cons]vatory1 b 0 s d]elict ab\t att5d+ classes t 9 #ahgf he 0 expell$4 ,re9/at$ two ye>s lat] he n[ became fir$ ) bo? ambition & indu/ry1 prov$ a brilliant /ud5t1 & 0 graduat$ ) highe/ honors4 ,he 0 !n appo9t$ tea*] ( !ory !re1 ev5tually becom+ a r5[n$ pr(essor1 a po/ he reta9$ until ! end ( 8 life4 ,he di$ 9 ,novgorod1 ,russia1 on ,augu/ #bh1 #aiad4 ,liadov 0 at 8 be/ 9 8 fairy tales = or*e/ra 7,! ,en*ant$ ,lake1 ,baba ,yaga & ,kikimora72 9 songs2 & 9 small] pieces = ! piano4 ,he 0 a /ud5t ( ,russian folk music ( :i* he made num]\s adaptations1 & ^: /yles & idioms p]colat$ into _m ( 8 compositions4 ,! ,eight ,russian ,folksongs1 a suite = or*e/ra1 op4 #eh 7#aijf7 is "o ( ,liadov's adaptations4 ,!re are eight movem5ts4 ,9 ! fir/1 8,religi\s ,*ant10 ! ma9 song is t *ant$ by *ildr5 9 religi\s processions2 x is he>d 9 ,engli% horn & bassoons4 ,?is is foll[$ by 8,*ri/mas ,c>ol10 its ma9 !me pres5t$ by oboes & cl>9ets4 8,pla9tive ,melody0 is a village song1 & 8,i ,danc$ ,) a ,mosquito10 a humor\s s*]zo 9 :i* mut$ /r+s simulat$ buzz+ mosquitoes4 ,! fif? movem5t is 8,leg5d ( ! ,birds0 :]e ! bird song is pres5t$ by ! woodw9d4 8,cradle ,song0 is a t5d] melody = /r+s4 ,?is is foll[$ by a lively rhy?mic section1 8,r\nd ,dance40 ,! suite ends ) ! 8,village ,dance ,song10 music t usually accompanies ! cr[n+ ( ! ,may ,que54 ,liadov is also ! compos] ( a delightful trifle call$ ,! ,music ,box 9 :i* ! delicate little tune is ! k9d t l5ds itself gratefully to ! t9kle ( a music box4 ,liadov wrote ?is piece = ! piano1 op4 #cb1 b x is bett] kn[n 9 or*e/ral transcriptions4 ,paul ,l9cke ,paul ,l9cke 0 born 9 ,b]l91 ,g]many1 on ,novemb] #g1 #ahff4 ,aft] complet+ 8 music /udy he play$ ! viol9 & bassoon 9 num]\s !at] or*e/ras4 ,he lat] di/+ui%$ himself z a !at] conductor4 ,9 #ahig he _h 8 fir/ op]etta produc$ 9 ,b]l94 ,!reaft] he wrote _m op]ettas1 all orig9ally giv5 9 ,b]l92 he became "o ( ! =emo/ expon5ts ( ! light musical !at] 9 ,g]many ( 8 "t4 ,! mo/ fam\s 7 ,frau ,luna 7#ahii71 ,fraeule9 ,loreley 7#aijj71 ,lysi/rata 7#aijb71 ,pr9zess9 ,ros9e 7#aije71 & ,casanova 7#aiad74 ,8 la/ op]etta 0 ,e9 ,liebe/raum1 produc$ 9 ,hamburg 9 #aidj4 ,f #aiah to #aibj he 0 conductor at ! ,folies-,b]gre 9 ,p>is4 ,he di$ 9 ,klau/hal-,zell]nfeld1 ,g]many1 on ,septemb] #c1 #aidf4 ,8 mo/ fam\s composition is a song f ,lysi/rata 7#aijb73 8,! ,gl[ ,worm0 78,gluehwu]m*5071 :i* a*iev$ ph5om5al popul>ity ?r\gh\t ! _w indep5d5t ( ! op]etta4 ,x is /ill fam\s bo? z a vocal composition & 9 or*e/ral transcriptions4 ,a new vocal v]sion1 ) amus+ lyrics by ,johnny ,m]c]1 0 publi%$ & popul>iz$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 #aieb4 ,franz ,liszt ,franz ,liszt 0 born 9 ,raid+1 ,hung>y1 on ,octob] #bb1 #ahaa4 ,a prodigy piani/ :o made an impressive debut 9 ,hung>y :5 he 0 n9e1 ,liszt 0 f9anc$ by sev]al ,hung>ian noblem5 to /udy ! piano ) ,cz]ny 9 ,vi5na4 ,9 #ahbb1 ,liszt made a s5sational debut 9 t city1 & 9 #ahbd1 aft] a p]iod ( additional /udy 9 ,p>is1 an equally mom5t\s appe>ance 9 ! ,fr5* capital4 ,= ! next ?ree ye>s ,liszt conc]tiz$ ?r\gh\t ,europe1 becom+ an idol ( music audi5ces ev]y:]e4 ,!n1 9 #ahbg1 he decid$ to ab&on music = :at he reg>d$ z nobl] pursuits4 ,he devot$ himself 9 turn to religion1 politics1 lit]ature1 & philosophy )\t f9d+ ! satisfaction he s\ght4 ,!n1 9 #ahcj1 he w5t back to music4 ,= ab\t two ye>s he work$ indu/ri\sly on 8 piano te*nique1 reassum+ an imp]ial position among ! virtuosos ( 8 g5]ation beg9n+ ) #ahcc4 ,he comb9$ pr(\nd musician%ip & a ph5om5al te*nique ) su* a flair = %[man%ip & self-aggr&izem5t1 t x c be said t ! mod]n piano virtuoso 7bo? 9 ! be/ & wor/ s5se ( t t]m7 0 born ) him4 ,9 #ahdh1 ,liszt came to ,weim> to fulfill duties z ,kapellmei/] to ! ,gr& ,duke4 ,! elev5-ye> p]iod ( ?is (fice repres5t$ music-mak+ ( ! highe/ ord]1 z ,liszt devot$ himself to pres5t+ ! =emo/ op]atic & symphonic music 9 ! be/ possible p]=mances4 ,he 0 indefatigable 9 propag&iz+ ! music ( ! avant-g>de compos]s ( 8 day1 reviv+ ,wagn]'s ,tannhaeus] & pres5t+ ! _w premire ( t ma/]'s ,loh5gr9 at a "t :5 ,wagn] 0 9 disrepute 9 ,g]many because ( 8 revolution>y activities4 ,f9d+ himself incapable ( ma9ta9+ ! high /&>ds he _h set1 & di/urb$ by ! prevail+ antagonism to 8 esp\sal ( new music1 ,liszt left ,weim> 9 #ahei4 ,once aga9 he s\ght refuge 9 a c>e] outside music4 ,9 #ahfe he submitt$ to ! tonsure & ent]$ ! ,?ird ,ord] ( ,/4 ,francis ( ,assisi z abb4 ,b music 0 n ab&on$4 ,he taught ! piano to gift$ pupils :o came to him f all p>ts ( ! _w2 & he wrote an abundant am\nt ( music1 ma9ly = ! piano4 ,he di$ 9 ,bayreu?1 ,bav>ia1 on ,july #ca1 #ahhf1 /ill at ! height ( 8 p[]s & fame z compos]1 piani/ & tea*]4 ,liszt left a va/ rep]tory ( music1 includ+ tone poems1 symphonies1 piano conc]tos1 songs1 & a libr>y ( works = ! piano4 ,at 8 be/ he 0 a great innovator1 & a creator ( va/ dramatic & poetic concepts4 ,at wor/1 he 0 a %[man %amelessly woo+ 8 public ) sup]ficial effects & trivial mat]ial4 ,mo/ ( 8 works belong to ! conc]t hall1 b "s ( x has enorm\s popul> appeal z salon music4 ,! mo/ fam\s ( ! latt] is ! ,hung>ian ,rhapsody ,no4 #b 9 ,c-%>p m9or 7#ahdg71 orig9ally = piano solo b subsequ5tly or*e/rat$ by ! compos] himself4 ,?is 0 "o ( n9ete5 compositions 9 :i* ,liszt develop$ ! =m ( ! rhapsody & help$ to make x popul>2 :i* he fill$ ) /rong national feel+s & ! individual traits ( ,hung>ian folk music4 ,"o ( ! features ( all ^! rhapsodies is _! dynamic alt]nation ( sl[ & s5sual music 7call$ lassan7 ) fa/1 dramatic1 excit+ passages 7call$ friskan74 ,! second ,hung>ian ,rhapsody op5s ) a lassan1 a sl[1 /ately declamation4 ,!n1 aft] a cl>9et cad5za1 ! friskan appe>s1 a spirit$ melody = viol9s & woodw9d4 ,aft] t fa/ & sl[ passages1 s(t & l\d dynamics1 & rapidly *ang+ met]s & rhy?m help to g5]ate excitem5t & create drama4 ,! drama & ! excitem5t ( ?is music nev] seem to lose _! impact h[ev] _m times ?is rhapsody is li/5$ to4 ,( ,liszt's twelve tone poems = or*e/ra ! mo/ fam\s is ,les ,prludes 7#ahej74 ,! tone poem1 or symphonic poem1 is ,liszt's creation 9 an attempt to br+ to or*e/ral music ! pictorial1 dramatic & programmatic qualities ( ,wagn]'s music dramas4 ,?us ,liszt conceiv$ a "o-movem5t composition1 flexible 9 =m1 9 :i* a /ory is told1 picture describ$1 or poem int]pret$4 ,! inspiration = ,les ,prludes is ! ,mditations potiques ( ,lam>t9e1 f :i* sev]al l9es are quot$ 9 ! publi%$ score to provide ! music ) its program3 8,:at is life b a s]ies ( ,preludes to t unkn[n song ( :i* dea? /rikes ! fir/ solemn note8 ,love is ! magic dawn ( e exi/5ce2 b :]e is ! life 9 :i* ! fir/ enjoym5t ( bliss is n dispell$ by "s tempe/2 its illusions scatt]$ by "s fatal brea?2 its alt> consum$ z by a ?und]bolt8 ,:at s\l1 ?is cruelly hurt1 b seeks to repose ) its memories 9 ! sweet calm ( pa/oral life8 ,yet no man is cont5t to resign himself = long to ! mild1 b5efic5t *>ms ( ,nature1 & :5 ! trumpet gives ! al>m he ha/5s to ! po/ ( dang]1 on :atev] field he may be call$ to fight1 s t once m he may f9d 9 action full consci\sness ( himself & ! possession ( all 8 p[]s40 ,les ,prludes op5s ) a dignifi$ subject 9 ! basses :i* is subject$ to consid]able *ange & amplification be=e ! ma9 melody is introduc$4 ,?is melody is an elegiac song express+ ! happ9ess ( love2 its fir/ entrance comes 9 f\r horns1 /r+s1 & h>p4 ,! music is c>ri$ to a climactic po9t1 aft] :i* a fr5etic mood is project$4 ,pla9tively ! oboe recalls ! ma9 melody2 a c\ntry dance tune is (f]$ by ! horn2 & ! ma9 melody reappe>s ) opul5t treatm5t4 ,ano!r section ( /orm & /ress foll[s be=e ! f9al maje/ic /atem5t ( ! ma9 melody4 ,( ,liszt's volum9\s writ+s = ! piano1 "o composition above all o!rs has won favor ?r\gh\t ! music _w z a t5d]1 & s5tim5tal expression ( love4 ,x is ! ,liebe/raum1 8,love's ,dream40 ,liszt actually wrote ?ree ,liebe/rume1 b x is ! ?ird ( ?is set--9 ,a-flat major 7#ahej7--:i* is consid]$ :5 we speak or he> ( ! ,liebe/raum4 ,all ( ^! ?ree piano compositions are adaptations ( songs by ! same compos]2 ! ?ird ,liebe/raum orig9at$ z 8,o ,lieb'1 s lang du lieb5 kann/10 words by ,freiligra?4 ,fr$]ick ,loewe ,fr$]ick ,loewe 0 born 9 ,vi5na1 ,au/ria1 on ,june #aj1 #aijd4 ,a musical prodigy1 he began to /udy ! piano :5 he 0 five2 />t$ composition at sev52 at ?irte5 made a successful appe>ance z piani/ ) ! ,b]l9 ,symphony2 & at fifte5 0 ! compos] ( a hit song1 8,katr9a10 t sold ov] a million copies ( %eet music 9 ,europe4 ,he receiv$ a ?or\gh musical tra9+ f ,busoni1 ,eugne d',alb]t1 & ,emil ,nikolaus ,rezniek1 w9n+ ! ,holl&] ,m$al = piano play+ 9 #aibc4 ,"o ye> aft] t he came to ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,unable to make any progress 9 8 musical c>e]1 he sp5t ! next decade travel+ ar\nd ! c\ntry & fill+ all sorts ( odd jobs4 ,he pun*$ cattle1 m9$ gold1 s]v$ z a rid+ in/ructor1 & ev5 box$ pr(essionally4 ,ev5tually he came back to ,new ,york :]e he f\nd a job 9 a ,gre5wi* ,village caf play+ ! piano4 ,9 #aich f\r ( 8 songs 7 he>d 9 a ,broadway musical1 ,great ,lady1 a failure4 ,a meet+ ) ,alan ,jay ,l]n]1 a "y lyrici/ & libretti/1 br\ght him a gift$ collaborator4 ,!y wrote a musical com$y t 0 produc$ by a /ock company 9 ,detroit1 & ano!r call$ ,:at's ,up t 0 se5 on ,broadway4 ,_! fir/ major success came ) ! ,broadway musical1 ,brigadoon1 9 #aidg4 ,my ,fair ,lady1 9 #aief1 0 "o ( ! greate/ successes ( ! ,broadway !at]4 ,!y also help$ make ent]ta9m5t hi/ory fur!r by writ+ songs = ! motion picture musical1 ,gigi1 ! fir/ to w9 n9e ,academy ,aw>ds1 includ+ "o = ,l]n] & ,loewe = ! title song4 ,9 #aifj1 ,l]n] & ,loewe wrote ! ,broadway musical ,camelot bas$ on ,k+ ,ar?ur & ! ,knights ( ! ,r\nd ,table4 ,brigadoon 0 a :imsical ,scotti% fantasy :i* came to ,broadway on ,m>* #ac1 #aidg1 book & lyrics by ,l]n]4 ,brigadoon is a my?ical t[n 9 ,scotl& :i* comes to life = a s+le day once e hundr$ ye>s4 ,two ,am]ican t\ri/s happ5 to come to ,brigadoon dur+ its "o day ( exi/5ce4 ,!y become a "p ( its qua9t life1 & "o ( !m falls 9 love ) a ,scotti% lass4 ,! musical highlights include a song t became a hit 9 #aidg1 8,almo/ ,l ,be+ ,9 ,love10 & sev]al t h a *>m+ ,scotti% flavor1 includ+ 8,come to ,me1 ,b5d to ,me10 8,! ,hea!r on ! ,hill10 & 8,i'll ,come ,home ,) ,bonnie ,jean40 ,my ,fair ,lady1 produc$ on ,m>* #ae1 #aief1 0 ,l]n]'s adaptation = ! popul> musical !at] ( ,b]n>d ,%aw's ,pygmalion4 ,eliza ,doolittle1 an ignorant fl[] girl & daught] ( a cockney1 is trans=m$ by ! phonetician1 ,pr(essor ,h5ry ,higg9s1 into a cultivat$ lady :o is successfully palm$ (f ^u high ,engli% society z a du*ess4 ,higg9s falls 9 love ) h] &1 ?\gh a long confirm$ ba*elor1 f9ds he c no long] live )\t h]4 ,my ,fair ,lady became "o ( ! mo/ highly acclaim$ musical productions ( rec5t memory2 ,brooks ,atk9son call$ x 8"o ( ! be/ musicals ( ! c5tury40 ,x a*iev$ a fabul\s ,broadway run & 0 br\ght by _m t\r+ c\ntries to all p>ts ( ! civiliz$ _w1 includ+ ! ,soviet ,union4 ,x captur$ "o ?ird ( ! honors annually conf]r$ on ! !at] by ! ,anto9ette ,p]ry ,aw>ds4 ,! orig9al-ca/ record+ sold ov] ?ree million discs4 ,! pr9cipal numb]s f ,loewe's captivat+ score include ?ree romantic songs1 two ( ! ,hit ,p>ade v>iety 78,i ,c\ld ,h ,danc$ ,all ,night0 & 8,on ! ,/reet ,:]e ,y ,live07 & ! ?ird1 8,i've ,gr[n ,accu/om$ to ,h] ,face02 two atmosph]ic numb]s t evoke musically ! place & sett+ ( ! play1 8,! ,ascot ,gavotte0 & 8,! ,embassy ,waltz02 & ! two cockney ditties ( ,eliza's fa!r1 8,get ,me to ! ,*ur* ,on ,"t0 & 8,) a ,little ,bit ( ,luck40 ,alb]t ,lortz+ ,gu/av ,alb]t ,lortz+ 0 born 9 ,b]l9 on ,octob] #bc1 #ahja4 ,8 p>5ts 7 actors compell$ to lead an it9]ant life :i* made x impossible = ,alb]t to obta9 any sy/ematic education4 ,8 "m taught him music1 ! /udy ( :i* he lat] cont9u$ briefly 9 ,b]l9 ) ,rung5hag54 ,8 fir/ ef=t at composition consi/$ ( "s songs1 b 9 #ahbd he complet$ 8 fir/ op]a1 ,ali ,pas*a von ,jan9a4 ,f #ahcc to #ahdd he 0 employ$ z a t5or at ! ,municipal ,!at] 9 ,leipzig1 = :i* he wrote ! comic op]a ,die beid5 ,s*uetz51 successfully produc$ 9 #ahcg4 ,he a*iev$ 8 greate/ success ! same ye> ) ! comic op]a1 ,z> und ,zimm]mann1 :i* )9 a few ye>s' "t became a favorite among !at] audi5ces ?r\gh\t ,europe4 ,8 lat] op]ettas includ$ ,d] ,wilds*uetz 7,! ,poa*]7 9 #ahdb & ,d] ,waff5s*mi$ 7,! ,arm\r]7 9 #ahdf1 :ile "o ( 8 f9e/ romantic op]as 0 ,und9e 9 #ahde4 ,lortz+ also fill$ sev]al engagem5ts z conductor ( op]as & op]ettas 9 ,leipzig1 ,vi5na & ,b]l91 & z an op]a impres>io4 ,he di$ 9 ,b]l9 on ,janu>y #ba1 #ahea1 "o day aft] 8 la/ op]a1 ,die ,op]nprobe 7,! ,op]a ,rehe>sal7 0 introduc$ 9 ,frank=t4 ,lortz+ 0 "o ( ! e>lie/ & mo/ successful expon5ts ( ,g]man national comic op]a2 & ,cz> & ! ,c>p5t] 7,z> und ,zimm]mann7 0 8 ma/]work4 ,x 0 fir/ produc$ 9 ,leipzig on ,decemb] #bb1 #ahcg4 ,! music is consi/5tly light & tuneful1 frequ5tly 9 ! /yle ( ,g]man folk songs4 ,! libretto1 by ! compos]1 is a delightful com$y bas$ on an actual hi/oric episode3 ! escapade ( ,pet] ! ,great ( ,russia 9 ,holl& :]e he work$ z a c>p5t]4 ,9 ! ,lortz+ comic op]a1 ,pet] ! ,great is a c>p5t] on a %ip at ,sa>dam :]e he meets a compatriot1 also nam$ ,pet]1 :o is a des]t]4 ,tempor>ily !y become rivals = ! affection ( ,m>y4 ,aft] ! arrival ( ! ,ambassadors f ,france & ,engl& to seek out ! ,emp]or1 ! latt] quietly dep>ts = 8 homel&1 leav+ beh9d him bo? money & an (ficial p>don = ! o!r ,pet]4 ,! gay _s ( ! comic op]a z a :ole is magically caught n only 9 its vivaci\s ov]ture1 b 9 sev]al famili> exc]pts4 ,! mo/ notable are3 ! ,burgoma/]'s comic entrance song1 8,o sancta ju/a02 9 ! second act1 ! ,w$d+ ,*orus1 & ! ,fr5* ,ambassador's beautiful air1 8,lebe wohl1 me9 fl&ris*' ,ma$*502 9 ! ?ird act ! vigor\s ,clog ,dance 7,holzs*utanz71 & ! v fam\s air ( ,cz> ,pet]1 8,son/ spielt' i* mit ,zept]40 ,alex&re ,luig9i ,alex&re ,luig9i 0 born 9 ,lyons1 ,france1 on ,m>* #i1 #ahej4 ,he 0 ! son ( ! di/+ui%$ conductor ( ! ,?tre-,itali5 9 ,p>is4 ,aft] att5d+ ! ,p>is ,cons]vatory--:]e he 0 a pupil ( ,mass5et & ,mass>t among o!rs--! y\ng] ,luig9i play$ ! viol9 9 8 fa!r's or*e/ra4 ,9 #ahgj he began a successful c>e] z ballet compos] ) ,le ,rve de ,nicette1 giv5 9 ,lyons4 ,8 greate/ success came ) ! ,ballet gypti51 fir/ se5 9 ,lyons 9 #ahge4 ,= tw5ty ye>s ,luig9i 0 ! conductor ( ! ,gr& ,!at] 9 ,lyons & pr(essor ( h>mony at ! ,lyons ,cons]vatory4 ,until ! end ( 8 life he 0 ! conductor ( ! ,opra-,comique 9 ,p>is4 ,he di$ 9 ,p>is on ,july #bi1 #aijf4 ,an or*e/ral suite d]iv$ f "s ( ! mo/ attractive pages ( ! ,ballet gypti5 score is a favorite ( b&s & salon or*e/ras ev]y:]e4 ,?is is music /rik+ = its ,ori5tal-type melodies & h>monies1 & = its colorful or*e/ral hues4 ,! fir/ two movem5ts are p>ticul>ly popul>4 ,! fir/ beg9s ) a /rong & /ately !me1 b midway comes a gay] section 9 an exotic ,ori5tal /yle4 ,! second movem5t highlights a caprici\s subject = ! woodw9d1 once aga9 9 a recognizable ,ori5tal /yle4 ,hans ,*ri/ian ,lumbye ,hans ,*ri/ian ,lumbye 0 born 9 ,cop5hag51 ,d5m>k on ,may #b1 #ahaj4 ,z a "y man he play$ 9 milit>y b&s4 ,he !n =m$ an or*e/ra ( 8 own :i* a*iev$ extraord9>y fame ?r\gh\t ,cop5hag5 7specifically at ! ,tivoli7 ) light musical programs4 ,= ^! conc]ts ,lumbye produc$ a libr>y ( light music3 waltzes1 galops1 polkas1 m>*es1 & s =?4 ,?is music is s fill$ ) infecti\s tunes & pulsat+ rhy?ms--& !y are s light 9 he>t & _s--t !y h won = _! compos] ! sobriquet ( 8,! ,johann ,/rauss ( ! ,nor?0 & ! /atus ( ,d5m>k's =emo/ creator ( semi-classical music4 ,he di$ 9 ,cop5hag5 on ,m>* #bj1 #ahgd4 ,lumbye's dance pieces are play$ :]ev] !re is a salon1 pop or caf-h\se or*e/ra4 ,among 8 be/ waltzes are ,amelie1 ,hesp]us1 & ,sophie4 ,o!r successful ,lumbye compositions are ! ,columb9e ,mazurka1 ! ,*ampagne ,galop1 ,conc]t ,polka1 ,dream ,pictures1 ,an ,ev5+ at ! ,tivoli1 ,k+ ,fr$]ick ,,vii ,homage ,m>*1 & ! ,railway ,galop4 ,edw>d ,mac,dowell ,edw>d ,alex&] ,macd[ell1 "o ( ,am]ica's mo/ significant #ai?-c5tury compos]s1 0 born 9 ,new ,york ,city on ,decemb] #ah1 #ahfa4 ,aft] prelim9>y music /udy ) private tea*]s1 he att5d$ ! ,p>is ,cons]vatory f #ahgf to #ahgh1 & ! ,frank=t ,cons]vatory 9 ,g]many f #ahgi to #ahha4 ,ma9ta9+ 8 home 9 ,g]many1 ,mac,dowell jo9$ ! faculty ( ! ,d>m/adt ,cons]vatory 9 #ahha1 & 9 #ahhb he made an (ficial b[ z a compos] by introduc+ 8 fir/ piano conc]to 9 ,zuri*1 & 8 ,mod]n ,suite = piano 9 ,g]many4 ,he return$ to ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 #ahhh1 settl+ 9 ,bo/on :]e a ye> lat] ! ,bo/on ,symphony "u ,g]icke introduc$ 8 n[-fam\s ,second ,piano ,conc]to1 ! compos] appe>+ z soloi/4 ,f !n on1 mo/ ( 8 important symphonic works 7 introduc$ by ! ,bo/on ,symphony1 plac+ him 9 ! vangu>d ( ,am]ican compos]s ( t p]iod4 ,9 #ahif he fill$ ! fir/ *air ( music creat$ at ,columbia ,univ]sity 9 ,new ,york2 at t "t he 0 describ$ z 8! greate/ musical g5ius ,am]ica has produc$40 ,mac,dowell resign$ 9 #aijd aft] %>p diff]5ces ) ! tru/ees ( ! ,univ]sity ov] ! way a music dep>tm5t %\ld be run4 ,! bitt]ness & fru/rations suff]$ by ,mac,dowell dur+ ?is alt]cation ) ! ,univ]sity und]m9$ & f9ally broke 8 always delicate heal?4 ,8 bra9 tissues became affect$4 ,f #aije on he 0 a victim ( insanity1 sp5d+ 8 "t 9 an innoc5t1 *ildlike /ate1 until 8 dea? 9 ,new ,york ,city on ,janu>y #bc1 #aijh4 ,%ortly aft] 8 dea? ! ,mac,dowell ,memorial ,association 0 f\nd$ to e/abli% a retreat = ,am]ican creative arti/s on ,mac,dowell's summ] resid5ce 9 ,pet]bor\gh1 ,new ,hamp%ire1 :i* ,mac,dowell's wid[ _h de$$ to ! ,association4 ,a compos] ^: arti/ic roots lay deep 9 ! soil ( ,g]man ,romanticism1 ,mac,dowell 0 a compos] :o fill$ 8 writ+ ) noble poetic s5tim5ts & ! mo/ s5sitive emotions4 ,8 s5se ( /yle & 8 feel+ = /ructure 7 ! la/ words 9 elegance1 & 8 lyricism & h>monic language 7 ev] +ratiat+ly invit+ to ! e>4 ,! ,indian ,suite1 op4 #dh 7#ahib7 is ! second ( ,mac,dowell's suites = or*e/ra4 ,x is "o ( sev]al works 9 :i* ,mac,dowell uses melodic & rhy?mic mat]ial ( ! ,am]ican ,indian1 bl5d+ ?is idiom ) 8 usual s5sitive & poetic /yle4 ,?is is "o ( ,mac,dowell's mo/ popul> works = or*e/ra4 ,! fir/ movem5t1 8,leg5d10 has a sl[ introduction 9 :i* ! ma9 melody is giv5 by ?ree unaccompani$ horns 9 unison4 ,! melody is tak5 ov] by o!r in/rum5ts & develop$4 ,"h ! mat]ial comes f a sacr$ c]emony ( ,iroquois ,indians4 ,! second movem5t is 8,love ,song10 ^: pr9cipal subject is imm$iately giv5 by ! woodw9d2 ?is melody is d]iv$ f ! music ( ,i[a ,indians4 8,w> ,"t0 foll[s1 a movem5t dom9at$ by a melody to :i* ,indians ( ! ,atlantic ,coa/ ascrib$ sup]natural orig94 ,?is melody is he>d 9 ! fir/ sixte5 measures 9 two unison unaccompani$ flutes4 ,a subsidi>y section foll[s4 8,dirge10 ! f\r? movem5t1 is a woman's song ( m\rn+ = an abs5t son1 come f ! ,ki[a ,indians4 ,! m\rnful melody is he>d 9 mut$ viol9s4 ,! suite ends ) 8,village ,fe/ival10 9 :i* two light & vivaci\s melodies f ! ,iroquois ,indians are pres5t$2 ! fir/ is a woman's dance1 & ! second a w> song4 ,! mo/ famili> pieces ( music writt5 by ,mac,dowell--,to a ,wat] ,lily & ,to a ,wild ,rose--come f ! ,woodl& ,sket*es1 op4 #ea 7#ahif71 a suite = solo piano made up ( t5 sections1 ea* a descriptive poem 9 tones4 ,9 ?is suite ,mac,dowell became "o ( ! fir/ ,am]ican compos]s to int]pret ! beauty ( ,am]ican sc5es & c\ntrysides 9 delicate melodies4 ,bo? ,to a ,wat] ,lily & ,to a ,wild ,rose are exquisite tone pictures ( ,nature1 & bo? h enjoy$ num]\s transcriptions4 ,! o!r eight movem5ts ( ! ,woodl& ,sket*es are3 ,w o' ! ,wisp1 ,at an ,old ,try/+ ,place1 ,9 ,autumn1 ,f an ,old ,indian ,lodge1 ,f ,uncle ,remus1 ,a ,des]t$ ,f>m1 ,by a ,mead[ ,brook1 & ,told at ,sunset4 ,alb]t ,hay ,malotte ,alb]t ,hay ,malotte 0 born 9 ,philadelphia1 ,p5nsylvania1 on ,may #ai1 #ahie4 ,! son ( a *oirma/]1 he himself 0 a boy *ori/]1 at ! ,/4 ,james ,episcopal ,*ur* 9 8 native city4 ,aft] 8 music /udies 7 complet$ 9 ,p>is & ,london1 he s]v$ z organi/ 9 ,*icago & ,london4 ,9 #aibg he op5$ a s*ool = organi/s 9 ,los ,angeles1 b :5 s\nd came to ! scre5 he gave up ! s*ool to write music = ! films4 ,he subsequ5tly jo9$ ! music /aff at ! ,walt ,disney /udio1 creat+ music = sev]al ( ,disney's animat$ c>toons1 includ+ ,f]d9& ! ,bull4 ,he has writt5 ballets1 *oral music1 & songs1 besides scores = motion pictures1 hav+ receiv$ e>ly 9 8 c>e] z compos] important advice1 guidance & enc\ragem5t f ,victor ,h]b]t4 ,malotte is mo/ fam\s = 8 song1 8,! ,"l's ,pray]10 publi%$ 9 #aice1 & s9ce become a favorite ( conc]t s+]s ev]y:]e4 ,its deep religi\s s5tim5t1 & ! excit+ dramatic ?ru/ ( its conclud+ measures1 h an inescapable impact on audi5ces4 ,gabriel ,m>ie ,gabriel ,m>ie 0 born 9 ,p>is1 ,france1 on ,janu>y #h1 #aheb4 ,aft] complet+ 8 music /udy at ! ,p>is ,cons]vatory he s]v$ = six ye>s z *orusma/] ( ! ,lam\reux ,or*e/ra4 ,betwe5 #ahhg & #ahid he conduct$ ! conc]ts ( ! ,socit nationale de musique4 ,he lat] l$ ! or*e/ral p]=mances 9 ,bordeaux & ,m>seilles1 & dur+ ! summ]s at ! ,vi*y ,cas9o4 ,he 0 travel+ 9 ,spa9 :5 he di$ !re sudd5ly on ,augu/ #bi1 #aibh4 ,m>ie 0 a successful compos] ( light music = or*e/ra4 ,! "o composition :i* has surviv$ is ,la ,c9quanta9e1 a s5tim5tal piece = or*e/ra :i* is also fam\s 9 adaptations = viol9 & piano1 or cello & piano4 ,m>ie describ$ ?is "w z an 8air 9 ! old /yle40 ,x is 9 ?ree-"p song =m4 ,! fir/ & ?ird p>ts consi/ ( a light1 delicate little air2 ! middle section is 9 a sl[] & /ateli] /yle4 ,m>t9i il ,t$esco ,jean ,paul gide ,m>t9i--sometimes call$ 8,il ,t$esco0 or 8,! ,g]man0 to di/+ui% him f ,padre ,m>t9i ! fam\s #ah? c5tury ,italian compos] & !ori/--0 born 9 ,frei/adt1 9 ! ,palat9ate1 on ,septemb] #a1 #agda4 ,8 real "n is ,s*w>z5dorf4 ,aft] complet+ ! /udy ( ! organ & s]v+ = a :ile z *ur* organi/1 he won a prize = a milit>y m>* = ! ,swiss ,gu>d4 ,= _m ye>s he 0 an (fic] ( a ,huss> regim5t4 ,dur+ ?is milit>y s]vice he complet$ an op]a1 ,l',am\reux de qu9ze ans 7successfully introduc$ 9 ,p>is 9 #agga7 & a consid]able am\nt ( b& music4 ,aft] leav+ ! army1 he s]v$ z music director = ! ,pr9ce ( ,cond & ! ,comte d',artois2 z conductor at ! ,?tre ,feydeau 9 ,p>is2 & z ,inspector & tea*] ( composition at ! ,p>is ,cons]vatory4 ,he di$ 9 ,p>is on ,febru>y #aj1 #ahaf4 ,! compos] ( twelve op]as1 "s *ur* music & _m songs1 ,m>t9i is today rememb]$ = a s+le song--! eloqu5t & t5d] love melody1 8,plaisir d'am\r10 writt5 orig9ally = voice & h>p1 & arrang$ by ,b]lioz = voice & or*e/ra4 ,s9ce ,b]lioz' "t x has enjoy$ num]\s in/rum5tal adaptations4 ,effective use ( ! song1 z recurr+ !me music1 0 made 9 ! ,am]ican motion picture />r+ ,ir5e ,dunne & ,*>les ,boy]1 ,love ,affair 7#aici74 ,pietro ,mascagni ,pietro ,mascagni 0 born 9 ,leghorn1 ,italy1 on ,decemb] #g1 #ahfc4 ,he /udi$ music ) private tea*]s 9 ,leghorn1 !n = sev]al ye>s att5d$ ! ,milan ,cons]vatory4 ,9 #ahhd he 0 appo9t$ conductor ( ! municipal b& 9 ,c]ignola4 ,mean:ile 9 #ahhj he _h complet$ 8 fir/ op]a1 ,p9otta4 ,success z compos] came lat] 9 #ahij ) ! _w premire ( ! op]a1 ,cavall]ia ,ru/icana 9 ,rome4 ,a s5sation :5 fir/ introduc$1 ,cavall]ia ,ru/icana made ! r\nds ( ! _w capitals to enjoy a triumph exp]i5c$ by few op]as be=e or s9ce4 ,mascagni wrote _m op]as aft] t4 ,?\gh he enjoy$ v>y+ degrees ( success ) ,l',amico ,fritz 9 #ahia & ,iris 9 #ahih1 he nev] aga9 duplicat$ ! acclaim giv5 ,cavall]ia ,ru/icana2 & x is /ill ! only "o ( 8 op]as p]=m$ 9 ! _w's =emo/ op]a h\ses4 ,z he himself once said sadly3 8,x is a pity ,i wrote ,cavall]ia fir/4 ,i 0 cr[n$ be=e ,i became k+40 ,mascagni made _m t\rs z a conductor4 ,he visit$ ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 #aijb 9 p]=mances ( sev]al ( 8 op]as1 & ,s\? ,am]ica 9 #aiaa4 ,9 #aibi he succe$$ ,toscan9i z musical director ( ,la ,scala 9 ,milan4 ,id5tify+ himself closely ) ! ,fasci/ regime--ev5 to ! po9t ( writ+ an op]a1 ,n]one1 glorify+ ,mussol9i--,mascagni 0 subject$ to consid]able abuse & attack aft] ,_w ,w> ,,ii4 ,he 0 depriv$ ( 8 prop]ty & o!r assets4 ,! la/ ye> ( 8 life 0 liv$ 9 pov]ty & disrepute 9 a small hotel room 9 ,rome1 :]e he di$ on ,augu/ #b1 #aide4 ,cavall]ia ,ru/icana is a "o-act op]a1 libretto by ,giovanni ,t>gioni-,tozzetti & ,guido ,m5asci bas$ on a %ort /ory by ,giovanni ,v]ga4 ,! sett+ is ,sicily 9 ! latt] "p ( ! #ai? c5tury4 ,turiddu1 a soldi]1 is 9 love ) ,lola1 wife ( ,alfio1 a team/]4 ,b he has also conduct$ an illicit affair ) ,santuzza4 ,:5 ,turiddu rudely rejects ,santuzza1 %e f9ds rev5ge by reveal+ to ,alfio ! love intrigue exi/+ betwe5 ,lola & ,turiddu4 ,9 ! duel t foll[s ,alfio kills ,turiddu4 ,! mo/ celebrat$ s+le exc]pt f ! op]a is ! melodi\s ,int]mezzo = or*e/ra :i* accompanies ! dep>t+ t[nspeople z !y leave *ur* aft] ! ,ea/] s]vices4 ,?is music is radiant ) ! hol9ess & s]5ity ( ! ,ea/] holiday4 ,o!r popul> exc]pts include ! lovely ,siciliana1 8,o ,lola bianca10 a t5or aria :i* is sung (f/age & breaks into ! middle ( ! op5+ or*e/ral prelude2 ?is is a s]5ade by ,turiddu to ,lola1 sung to h>p accompanim5t4 ,santuzza's passionate aria1 8,voi lo sapete0 is ! "o 9 :i* %e fir/ discloses to ,alfio t 8 wife & ,turiddu are lov]s4 ,turiddu's deeply emotional aria1 8,addio alla madre0 is 8 poignant f>ewell to 8 "m j be=e he engages 9 ! duel 9 :i* he meets 8 doom4 ,jules ,mass5et ,jules ,mass5et 0 born 9 ,montaud 9 ! ,loire region ( ,france on ,may #ab1 #ahdb4 ,he ent]$ ! ,p>is ,cons]vatory :5 he 0 n9e1 subsequ5tly w9n+ prizes 9 fugue & piano play+ &1 9 #ahfc1 ! ,prix de ,rome4 ,f\r ye>s lat] 8 fir/ op]a1 ,la ,gr&' ,tante1 0 produc$ 9 ,p>is4 ,dur+ ! ,franco-,prussian ,w> he 0 a memb] ( ! ,national ,gu>d4 ,aft] ! w>1 he a*iev$ recognition z a compos] ) 8 incid5tal music to ,les rynnies1 an oratorio ,m>ie ,magdale9e1 & an op]a ,le ,roi de ,lahore4 ,9 #ahgh he 0 elect$ to ! ,acadmie des ,beaux-,arts1 ! y\nge/ man ev] to receive ?is honor1 & 0 appo9t$ pr(essor ( composition at ! ,p>is ,cons]vatory4 ,he held ! latt] po/ until 8 dea? ) out/&+ di/9ction4 ,8 mo/ significant op]as appe>$ betwe5 #ahhj & #aijj1 & includ$ ,hrodiade 7#ahha71 ,manon 7#ahhd71 ,le ,cid 7#ahhe71 ,w]!r 7#ahib71 ,?as 7#ahid7 & ,sapho 7#ahig74 ,he di$ 9 ,p>is on ,augu/ #ac1 #aiab4 ,a /yle t _h lyrical *>m1 t5d] feel+s1 & poetic cont5t plac$ ,mass5et ) ! =emo/ ,fr5* compos]s = ! lyric !at]4 ,! same qualities are f\nd to a l>ge degree 9 8 in/rum5tal compositions1 & end[ !m ) _! imm5se audi5ce appeal4 ,he _h a ve9 ( t5d]ness t 0 8 uniquely1 (t5 contra/+ ?is ) /rik+ passion & int5sity4 ,a ma/] ( _m diff]5t moods & emotions1 he 0 able to convey !m 9 music t is suave & poli%$ 9 ! be/ ,fr5* tradition4 ,alsatian ,sc5es 7,scnes alsaci5nes7 is "o ( ,mass5et's mo/ popul> or*e/ral compositions4 ,x is ! sev5? ( 8 suites = or*e/ra & 0 writt5 9 #ahha4 ,= ea* ( its f\r movem5ts ! compos] provid$ an explicit program4 ,ab\t ! fir/ movem5t1 8,sunday ,morn+0 78,diman*e mat907 ! compos] writes3 8,i recall ) p>ticul> delight ! ,alsatian village ,sunday morn+ at ! h\r ( div9e s]vice2 ! /reets des]t$1 ! h\ses empty except = ! eld]ly ones :o sun !mselves be=e _! doors4 ,! *ur* is full1 & ! sacr$ hymns are he>d at int]vals 9 pass+40 8,! ,tav]n0 78,au cab>et07 is describ$ z ! happy meet+ place ( 8 fri5ds 8) its little w9d[s fram$ ) lead1 g>l&$ ) hops & roses4444 #8,ho1 ,s*midt1 "s w9e6' ,& ! songs ( ! =e/ rang]s go+ to %oot+ mat*es4 ,oh1 ! joy\s life & ! gay companions60 8,"u ! ,l9d5 ,trees0 78,s\s les tilleuls07 depicts pictorially 8! edge ( ! fields on a ,sunday aft]noon1 ! long av5ue ( l9d5 trees1 9 ! %ad[ ( :i*1 h& 9 h&1 quietly talks a pair ( lov]s40 ,! suite ends ) 8,sunday ,ev5+0 78,diman*e soir3 ,air alsaci51 ,retraite franaise074 8,9 ! m>ket place1 :at noise1 :at movem5t6 ,ev]yone at ! door/eps1 gr\ps ( "y gallants 9 ! /reets1 & dances :i* embody 9 rhy?m ! songs ( ! c\ntry4 ,eight o'clock6 ,! noise ( ! drums1 ! bl>e ( ! trumpets--'tis ! retreat6 ,! ,fr5* retreat6 ,& :5 9 ! di/ance ! s\nd ( ! drum di$ d[n1 ! wom5 call$ _! *ildr5 9 ! /reet1 ! old m5 relight$ _! big old pipes1 & to ! s\nds ( viol9s ! dance is joy\sly recomm5c$ 9 small] circles1 ) c\ples clos]40 ,! ballet music = ,le ,cid is /rik+ly appeal+ = its exotic melodies & lamb5t or*e/ral colors4 ,?is op]a1 text by ,l\is ,gallet & ,ed\>d ,blau1 is bas$ on ,corneille's trag$y2 its premire p]=mance took place 9 ,p>is on ,novemb] #cj1 #ahhe4 ,! sett+ is #ab? c5tury ,burgos1 9 ,spa91 :]e ,rodrigo call$ ,le ,cid1 or ,! ,conqu]or1 kills ,*imne's fa!r 9 a duel4 ,%e seeks v5geance b is unable to c>ry x out because %e has fall5 9 love ) him4 ,! ballet music appe>s 9 ! second sc5e ( ! second act4 ,a public squ>e is alive & colorful ) danc+ cr[ds1 & six dances are p]=m$ 9 rapid succession1 "s ) melodic & rhy?mic mat]ial d]iv$ by ,mass5et f ,spani% folk s\rces4 ,^! are ! dances3 8,ca/illane10 a highly rhy?mic dance f\nd 9 ! ,ca/ille region ( ,spa92 8,&al\se10 a s9u\s1 gypsy-l dance f ,&alusia2 8,aragonaise10 a dance popul> 9 ! ,aragon di/rict2 8,aubade10 a g5tle lyrical section2 8,catalane10 a dance popul> 9 ,catalonia2 8,madrilne10 a two-"p dance f ,madrid1 ! fir/ quiet & introspective1 ! second dynamic2 & 8,nav>raise10 a dance f ,nav>re4 ,! popul> 8lgie10 a plang5t melody mut$ 9 its grief1 comes f ! incid5tal music to ,les rynnies ) :i* ,mass5et fir/ won acclaim 9 #ahgc4 ,! play1 by ,*>les ,m>ie ,leconte bas$ on ,aes*ylus1 0 produc$ ) ,mass5et's music at ! ,odon 9 ,p>is4 ,"h ! 8lgie0 appe>$ z 8,invocation10 scor$ = /r+ or*e/ra4 ,lat] on ,mass5et arrang$ ?is section = cello & piano1 & x 0 ^u ?is occasion t he r5am$ ! piece lgie4 ,x 0 lat] on also transcrib$ = viol9 & piano1 & adapt$ into a song ) lyrics by ,e4 ,gallet4 ,?ree o!r sections f ,les rynnies h almo/ z mu* emotional appeal z ! lgie1 b 9 v>i$ moods4 ,! 8,entr'acte0 is a passionate song = unison viol9s ov] a di/urb$ accompanim5t4 8,grecian ,dance0 beg9s ) a vivaci\s dance tune = two flutes 9 ?irds4 ,a sl[ dialogue ensues betwe5 oboes & cl>9ets1 9 :i* ! ma9 subject has an ,ori5tal id5tity4 ,a fa/ section br+s ?is movem5t to a close4 8,scne religieuse0 is a graceful1 at times solemn1 m9uet 9 :i* a solo cello provides ! ma9 melody4 ,! fam\s op]a ,manon 7#ahhd7 has two delightful dance episodes t are p>ticul>ly well kn[n1 a gavotte & a m9uet4 ,manon 0 bas$ on ! fam\s tale ( ,abb ,prvo/1 ,l',hi/oire du *evali] des ,grieux et de ,manon ,lescaut1 adapt$ by ,h5ri ,meilhac & ,philippe ,gille4 ,its sett+ is ,france 9 ! #ah? c5tury1 & 9 ! _s ( t place & "t ,mass5et recreat$ two old-_w dances1 bo? ( !m appe>+ 9 ! fir/ sc5e ( ! ?ird act1 dur+ a fe/ival-day celebration 9 ,p>is4 ,be=e ! curta9 goes up1 ! graceful music ( ! m9uet is he>d 9 ! or*e/ra z an entr'acte4 ,aft] ! rise ( ! curta91 & ! appe>ance ( ,manon1 %e expresses h] h$oni/ic philosophy ( life 9 a gavotte 78,obissons qu& leur voix appelle074 ,?is gavotte is (t5 he>d 9 an exclusively in/rum5tal arrangem5t4 ,! ,phdre ,ov]ture 7#ahgf7 is ano!r ( ,mass5et's frequ5tly p]=m$ or*e/ral compositions4 ,! music closely foll[s ! action ( ! ,rac9e trag$y1 9 :i* ,ph$re--daught] ( ,k+ ,m9os & wife ( ,!seus--falls 9 love ) ,!seus' son1 ,hippolytus1 :o fails to respond to h] passion4 ,! ov]ture beg9s 9 a gloomy mood1 =eca/+ om9\sly ! imm95t trag$y await+ ,ph$re & ,hippolytus4 ,ph$re's grief ov] h] unreciprocat$ love is sugge/$ by a passionate subject = cl>9et2 a second equally passionate melody br+s u ! picture ( ,hippolytus s5t to 8 doom by an irate fa!r4 ,viol9s 9 unison n[ br+ u a raptur\s melody speak+ ( ,ph$re's love1 :ile a fi]y dramatic section t foll[s tells ( ! doom await+ ,hippolytus at ! h&s ( ,neptune4 ,picturesque ,sc5es 7,scnes pittoresques7 is ! f\r? ( ,mass5et's suites = or*e/ra1 complet$ 9 #ahgc4 ,!re are f\r %ort1 tuneful sections3 8,m>*0 78,m>*e071 8,air de ,ballet10 8,angelus0 & 8,bohemian ,fe/ival0 78,fte bohme074 ,! religi\s music ( ! ?ird movem5t1 8,angelus10 ) its solemn toll+ ( bells1 is ! mo/ popul> section ( ?is suite1 frequ5tly p]=m$ sep>ately f ! o!r movem5ts4 ,second only to ! 8lgie0 9 popul>ity among ,mass5et's be/-lov$ melodies is ! 8,m$itation0 :i* comes f ! op]a ,?as4 ,?is exc]pt is an or*e/ral entr'acte ) viol9 obbligato he>d j be=e ! fir/ sc5e ( ! second act4 ,! op]a1 libretto by ,l\is ,gallet bas$ on ! novel ( ,anatole ,france1 describes ! degradation ( ,a?anal1 a ,c5obite monk1 because ( 8 unholy passion = ,?as1 a c\rtesan4 ,! radiant music ( ! 8,m$itation0 describes ,?as' r5unciation ( a life ( pleasure = "o ( ! _s4 ,rob]t ,mc,bride ,rob]t ,guyn ,mc,bride 0 born 9 ,tucson1 ,arizona1 on ,febru>y #bj1 #aiaa4 ,z a boy he le>n$ to play ! cl>9et & saxophone4 ,he lat] play$ bo? in/rum5ts 9 v>i\s dance or*e/ras4 ,9 #aicc he 0 graduat$ f ! ,univ]sity ( ,arizona1 & a ye> aft] t receiv$ !re 8 ,ma/]'s degree4 ,hav+ /udi$ ! oboe 9 college1 he play$ t in/rum5t ) ! ,tucson ,symphony = sev]al ye>s4 ,!n1 aft] additional /udy ( ! piano1 composition & voice1 he jo9$ ! music faculty ( ,b5n+ton ,college 9 ,v]mont 9 #aice1 hold+ ?is po/ elev5 ye>s4 ,dur+ ?is p]iod he receiv$ a ,gugg5heim ,fell[%ip4 ,9 #aidb1 ! ,am]ican ,academy ( ,arts & ,lett]s aw>d$ him a prize = creat+ a 8new idiom 9 ,am]ican music40 ,mc,bride has made successful use ( jazz1 popul> & folk elem5ts 9 s]i\s *amb]-music & or*e/ral compositions4 ,! ,mexican ,rhapsody 7#aicf7 is "o ( ,mc,bride's be/ kn[n works = or*e/ra4 ,he wrote x 9 ,arizona :ile /udy+ at ! ,univ]sity4 ,x 0 fir/ pres5t$ 9 ,tucson 9 a two-piano arrangem5t1 !n 9 its def9itive or*e/ral v]sion1 & f9ally z a *oreographic pres5tation4 ,mc,bride "h makes a colorful & fre%ly conceiv$ pres5tation ( f\r ,mexican folk songs famili> to _m3 8,el ,ran*o ,gr&e10 8,j>abe0 7or 8,hat ,dance071 8,cuatro ,milpas10 & 8,la ,cuc>a*a40 ,mc,bride has writt5 sev]al int]e/+ compositions 9 a jazz /yle4 ,"o ( ! be/ is ! ,/rawb]ry ,jam 7#aidb74 ,?is is a c>icature ( a jazzb& jam session1 b ) ! utilization ( mod]n h>monies & symphonic or*e/ration4 ,/uff 9 ,g1 = or*e/ra 7#aidb71 is 9 ! racy1 tuneful /yle ( ,t9 ,pan ,alley1 :ile ,sw+ ,/uff 7#aida7 br+s to ! symphonic or*e/ra ! improvisational devices & te*niques & ! beat ( ,sw+ music4 ,h>l ,mc,donald ,h>l ,mcdonald 0 born 9 ,b\ld]1 ,colorado1 on ,july #bg1 #ahii4 ,8 music /udy took place 9 ,r$l&s1 ,cali=nia & at ! ,univ]sity ( ,s\!rn ,cali=nia4 ,! w9n+ ( prizes f ! ,am]ican ,f$]ation ( ,music ,clubs = two or*e/ral works enabl$ him to g to ,europe & att5d ! ,leipzig ,cons]vatory4 ,9 ,g]many1 8 symphonic fantasy1 ,mojave1 0 successfully introduc$ by ! ,b]l9 ,/ate ,op]a ,or*e/ra4 ,aft] return+ to ! ,unit$ ,/ates he 0 appo9t$ 9 #aibf to ! music faculty ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,p5nsylvania1 :]e he lat] became pr(essor ( music1 & f9ally head ( ! music dep>tm5t4 ,at ! ,univ]sity he conduct$ v>i\s *oral gr\ps :i* appe>$ ) ! ,philadelphia ,or*e/ra4 ,f #aici until 8 dea? he 0 manag] ( ! ,philadelphia ,or*e/ra1 :i* introduc$ _m ( 8 or*e/ral compositions4 ,mc,donald wrote f\r symphonies1 a two-piano conc]to1 a viol9 conc]to1 & v>i\s suites & tone poems = or*e/ra4 ,he di$ 9 ,pr9ceton1 ,new ,j]sey1 on ,m>* #cj1 #aiee4 ,! ,*ildr5's ,symphony 0 a "w int5d$ to tea* *ildr5 some?+ ab\t symphonic =m ?r\gh melodies !y knew & lov$4 ,! =m ( ! symphony is adh]$ to--9 ! pres5tation ( two !mes1 _! developm5t1 & recapitulation4 ,simple & unsophi/icat$1 ?is symphony makes ideal li/5+ = *ildr51 b !re is en\gh *>m "h to provide consid]able enjoym5t to old] p z well4 ,9 ! fir/ movem5t1 ,mc,donald uses = 8 two ma9 !mes1 8,london ,bridge0 & 8,baa ,baa ,black ,%eep40 ,9 ! second movem5t we he> 8,little ,bo ,peep0 & 8,oh1 ,de>1 ,:at ,c ! ,matt] ,be802 9 ! ?ird1 8,f>m] 9 ! ,dell0 & 8,j+le ,bells02 & 9 ! f9ale1 8,honey ,bee0 & 8,sn[ ,is ,fall+ ,on ,my ,g>d540 ,rhumba1 = symphony or*e/ra1 is ! ?ird movem5t ( ,mc,donald's ,symphony ,no4 #b 7#aice74 ,b ?is movem5t 7:i* 9 ! symphony displaces ! conv5tional s*]zo7 is s popul> t x is (t5 play$ ap>t f ! re/ ( ! "w4 ,! symphony itself 0 inspir$ by ! turbul5t #aicj's1 ) its labor conflicts1 breadl9es1 unemploym5t1 & depression4 ,rhumba inject$ a gay note into ^! somb] proce$+s1 attempt+ to int]pret 8! passionate se>* aft] good times & div]sions1 & ! re/less pursuit ( intoxicat$ pleasures10 z ! compos] expla9$4 ,mc,donald goes on to say t he "h us$ ! rumba rhy?m because he lik$ x & because x seem$ to him to be ! pulse ( ^? times4 ,felix ,m5delssohn ,felix ,m5delssohn-b>?oldy 0 born 9 ,hamburg1 ,g]many1 on ,febru>y #c1 #ahji4 ,8 gr&fa!r 0 ! fam\s philosoph]1 ,moses ,m5delssohn2 8 fa!r1 a successful bank]4 ,bo? 7 ( ,jewi% orig94 ,:5 ,felix 0 /ill a boy1 h[ev]1 8 imm$iate family 0 conv]t$ to ,prote/antism1 ! occasion ^u :i* !y add$ ! "n ( 8,b>?oldy0 to _! own to di/+ui% !m f ! o!r memb]s ( _! family4 ,a pupil ( ,ludwig ,b]g] & ,k>l ,fri$ri* ,zelt]1 ,felix 0 extraord9>ily precoci\s 9 music4 ,:5 he 0 sev5 & a half he made a successful appe>ance z piani/ 9 ,b]l92 by ! "t he 0 twelve he _h already writt5 op]as & symphonies2 & 9 8 sev5te5? ye> he produc$ an unqualifi$ ma/]work 9 ! ,ov]ture to ,a ,midsumm] ,night's ,dream4 ,9 #ahbg1 "o ( 8 op]as 0 produc$ 9 ,b]l91 b by t "t he _h already complet$ ?irte5 symphonies & a libr>y ( *amb] music z well4 ,9 #ahbi1 ,m5delssohn conduct$ 9 ,b]l9 ! fir/ p]=mance ( ,ba*'s ,passion ,accord+ to ,/4 ,mat!w to be giv5 s9ce ,ba*'s own day4 ,?is conc]t became a p[]ful influ5ce 9 reviv+ int]e/ 9 ,ba*'s music1 :i* at t "t _h be5 langui%+ 9 bo? neglect & obscurity4 ,a few weeks aft] ,m5delssohn _h direct$ a repeat p]=mance1 he made 8 fir/ trip to ,engl& :]e he l$ ! premire ( a new symphony & 0 made honor>y memb] ( ! ,royal ,philh>monic4 ,a t\r ( ,scotl& t foll[$ imm$iately 0 ! inspiration = 8 ov]ture1 ,f+al's ,cave4 ,9 #ahcc1 ,m5delssohn s]v$ z musical director ( ! city ( ,duesseldorf4 ,he held ?is po/ only six mon?s4 ,mu* m significant 0 8 engagem5t z ! pr9cipal conductor ( ! ,gew&haus ,or*e/ra 9 ,leipzig 9 #ahce :i*1 dur+ ! five ye>s ( 8 lead]%ip1 0 elevat$ to a position ( fir/ importance among ! _w's symphony or*e/ras4 ,9 #ahda1 ,m5delssohn became head ( ! music dep>tm5t ( a project$ ,academy ( ,arts 9 ,b]l94 ,?is appo9tm5t did n prev5t him f visit+ ,engl& :]e he 0 receiv$ ) an adulation accord$ to no =eign musician s9ce ,h&el4 ,return+ to ,b]l9 he f\nd t ! ,academy ( ,arts project _h be5 ab&on$4 ,he 0 n[ made ,kapellmei/] to ! ,k+1 an honor>y po/ all[+ him complete fre$om ( activity & movem5t4 ,dur+ ! next few ye>s he conduct$ conc]ts ( ! ,gew&haus ,or*e/ra1 & paid two m highly successful visits to ,engl&4 ,he 0 also in/rum5tal 9 help+ to f\nd ! ,leipzig ,cons]vatory 9 #ahdc4 ,always ( delicate heal? & s5sibilities1 ,m5delssohn collaps$ at ! news t 8 belov$ si/]1 ,fanny1 di$ 9 #ahdg4 ,he di$ 9 ,leipzig soon aft] t1 on ,novemb] #d1 #ahdg4 ,! f9e/ qualities ( ,g]man ,romantic music c be f\nd 9 ,m5delssohn4 ,he _h ! ,romantic's p>tiality = fantasy & ! sup]natural1 toge!r ) ! lightness ( t\* ) :i* to create su* worlds ?r\gh music4 ,he _h ! ,romantic's gift = translat+ natural sc5es1 l&scapes & lyric poetry into s5sitive tone pictures4 ,he _h a mo/ w9n+ lyricism & graceful h>monic & or*e/ral gift1 & he nev] lack$ ! ability to *>m & en*ant 8 li/5]s ) ! mo/ t5d] & lovable musical expression4 ,o!r compos]s may h writt5 pr(\nd] or m emotionally /irr+ music ?an ,m5delssohn2 b no "o c\ld be m +ratiat+1 s5sitive1 or ref9$4 ,"s ( ,m5delssohn's s]i\s symphonic works are s full ( ! mo/ wond]ful melodies & beguil+ moods t !y h ! univ]sal appeal ( semi-classics4 ,! conc]t ov]ture1 ,f+al's ,cave1 or z x is also sometimes kn[n1 ,hebrides ,ov]ture1 op4 #bf 7#ahcb7 0 inspir$ by ! compos]'s visit to ! ,scotti% ,highl&s 9 #ahcj4 ,! op5+ !me 9 l[] /r+s & bassoons sugge/s ! roll ( ! waves at ! m\? ( a cave1 a melody t came to ! compos] :ile visit+ ! caves ( ,/affa4 ,?is idea is develop$1 !n a second beautiful melody unfolds 9 cellos & bassoons4 ,! or*e/ral suite1 ,a ,midsumm] ,night's ,dream1 op4 #fa is d]iv$ f ! incid5tal music compris+ ?irte5 numb]s :i* ,m5delssohn wrote = a ,potsdam production ( ! ,%akespe>e com$y 9 #ahdc2 ! ,ov]ture1 h[ev]1 0 a fruit ( ! compos]'s y\?1 hav+ be5 writt5 9 #ahbf4 ,! magic _w ( fairies & elves :i* ,m5delssohn project$ s delicately 9 8 y\?ful ov]ture is pres]v$ 9 _m ( ! numb]s he wrote sev5te5 ye>s lat]4 ,! ,ov]ture1 op4 #ba1 is initiat$ ) f\r s5sitive *ords1 & proce$s ) fleet+1 diaphan\s music = /r+s ) :i* we are sudd5ly plung$ 9 fairyl&4 ,! ma9 !matic mat]ial to foll[ comprises a haunt+ song = horn1 a romantic episode = woodw9d & /r+s1 & a sprightly fairy dance = /r+s4 ,?ree o!r musical sections f ?is incid5tal music1 & basic to ! or*e/ral suite1 are fam\s4 ,! 8,nocturne0 is a broad1 moody song = horns4 ,! 8,s*]zo0--l ! ,ov]ture--is a picture ( ! _w ( fairies1 gnomes & elves1 ?\gh 9 a m en]getic & spirit$ ve94 ,! 8,w$d+ ,m>*0 is n[ "o ( ! mo/ frequ5tly play$ pieces ( w$d+ music1 second 9 popul>ity only to ,wagn]'s w$d+ music f ,loh5gr92 x fir/ became popul> z w$d+ music at ! nuptials ( ! ,engli% ,pr9cess 9 ,london 9 #aheh4 ,a trumpet fanf>e leads to ! dignifi$ m>* melody :i* is twice alt]nat$ ) melodi\s trio sections4 8,on ,w+s ( ,song0 78,auf ,fluegeln des ,gesanges071 op4 #cd1 no4 #b 7#ahcd7 is ,m5delssohn's be/-kn[n song1 a melody ( incomp>able lovel9ess & s]5ity4 ,! poem is by ,he9e4 ,franz ,liszt transcrib$ x = piano2 ,joseph ,a*ron = viol9 & piano2 ,lionel ,t]tis = viola & piano4 ,x has also enjoy$ v>i\s or*e/ral transcriptions4 ,ruy ,blas1 op4 #ie 7#ahci7--l ,f+al's ,cave--is a conc]t ov]ture = or*e/ra2 "h ! inspiration is ! drama ( ,victor ,hugo4 ,f\r solemn b>s = w9d in/rum5ts lead to ! pr9cipal subject1 fir/ viol9s & flutes2 cl>9ets1 bassoons1 & cellos lat] (f] ! second contra/+ /accato !me4 ,! ,sp9n+ ,song & ! ,spr+ ,song are bo? in/rum5tal favorites1 & bo? come f ! ,songs ,)\t ,words 7,li$] ohne ,worte71 = solo piano4 ,! =m ( 8song )\t words0 is a creation ( ,m5delssohn3 a brief composition ( su* ess5tially lyric "* t x is virtually a 8song0 = ! piano4 ,m5delssohn wrote =ty-eight su* pieces ga!r$ 9 eight books4 ,! ,sp9n+ ,song 9 ,c major appe>s 9 op4 #fg z ! f\r? numb] 7#ahdd74 ,?is is a t5d] melody plac$ aga9/ a rhy?mic backgr\nd sugge/+ ! :irr+ ( a sp9n+ :eel4 ,! ,spr+ ,song 9 ,a major is surely "o ( ! mo/ famili> tonal pictures ( ! v]nal season to be f\nd 9 ! semi-classical lit]ature2 x appe>s 9 op4 #fb 7#ahdb7 z ! conclud+ numb]4 ,bo? ! ,sp9n+ ,song & ,spr+ ,song appe> 9 all k9ds & v>ieties ( transcriptions4 ,! /irr+ ,w> ,m>* ( ! ,prie/s is a numb] f ! incid5tal music = ,rac9e's drama1 ,a?alie1 op4 #gd 7#ahdc72 ?is incid5tal music 0 fir/ p]=m$ ) ! ,rac9e play 9 ,b]l9 9 #ahde4 ,giacomo ,mey]be] ,giacomo ,mey]be] 0 born 9 ,b]l91 ,g]many1 on ,septemb] #e1 #agia4 ,8 "n1 at bir?1 0 ,jakob ,liebmann ,be]4 ,:5 ,mey]1 a ri* relative1 left him a legacy1 he decid$ to *ange 8 "n to ,mey]be]2 "s ye>s lat] ^u initiat+ a c>e] z compos] ( ,italian op]as he ,italianiz$ 8 "n4 ,8 music /udy took place ) ,clem5ti1 ,zelt]1 ,anselm ,web] & ,vogl]1 ! la/ ( :om enc\rag$ him to write 8 fir/ op]a1 ,jeph?a's ,v[ 7,jeph?a's ,geluebde71 a failure :5 fir/ p]=m$ 9 ,muni* 9 #ahab4 ,a second op]a1 p]=m$ 9 ,/uttg>t1 0 also a failure2 ,mey]be] n[ s]i\sly ent]ta9$ ! ?\ght ( ab&on+ composition altoge!r4 ,! not$ ,vi5nese compos] & tea*]1 ,antonio ,sali]i1 h[ev]1 conv9c$ him :at he ne$$ 0 m /udy4 ,?is took place 9 ,italy :]e = sev]al ye>s ,mey]be] assimilat$ ,italian traditions ( op]a4 ,8 fir/ endeavor 9 ?is /yle 0 ,romilda e ,co/anza1 a success :5 introduc$ 9 ,padua 9 #ahag4 ,dur+ ! next few ye>s ,mey]be] wrote sev]al m op]as1 "s ( !m on commission1 & became "o ( ,italy's mo/ highly reg>d$ compos]s = ! /age4 ,9 #ahbf1 ,mey]be] settl$ 9 ,p>is :]e association ) compos]s l ,*]ub9i & ,halvy1 made him impati5t ) ! k9d ( op]as he _h ?us f> creat$4 ,9 #ahca1 ) ,rob]t le ,diable1 he ent]$ ^u a new arti/ic phase 9 :i* ,italian me?ods1 proc$ures & traditions 7 disc>d$ 9 favor ( ! ,fr5*4 ,rob]t le ,diable1 produc$ at ! ,op]a on ,novemb] #ba1 #ahca 0 a s5sation4 ,mey]be] cont9u$ writ+ op]as 9 ! ,fr5* /yle = ! rema9d] ( 8 life4 ,^! are ! op]as by :i* he is mo/ (t5 repres5t$ 9 ! _w's op]a !at]s3 ,les ,hugu5ots 7#ahcf71 ,le ,prophte 7#ahdi71 & ,l',africa9e 7#ahfe74 ,mey]be] di$ 9 ,p>is on ,may #b1 #ahfd4 ,mey]be] 0 an expon5t ( drama 9 ! gr& /yle1 8 f9e/ op]as be+ fill$ ) big climactic sc5es1 elaborate /age effects1 & eye-fill+ visual displays4 ,b he also _h a pron\nc$ dramatic gift1 "o :i* evok$ f ,wagn] ! highe/ admiration2 & a pron\nc$ expressiv5ess ( lyricism4 ,l',africa9e 7,! ,african7 is ,mey]be]'s la/ op]a1 & _m reg>d$ x z 8 be/4 ,he complet$ x 9 #ahfd j be=e 8 dea?1 & its _w premire at ! ,p>is ,op]a took place po/hum\sly on ,april #bh1 #ahfe4 ,! text1 by ,eugne ,scribe1 is set 9 ,lisbon & ,madagasc> 9 ! #ae? c5tury4 ,! ma9 action conc]ns ! love ( ,selika1 an ,african que51 = ! ,portuguese explor]1 ,vasco da ,gama2 ,da ,gama 9 turn is lov$ by ,inez1 daught] ( ,don ,diego4 ,selika (f]s ! explor] a secret r\te to ! l& ( :i* %e is que51 ,madagasc>1 & ) :i* ,da ,gama becomes enraptur$4 ,b :5 ,inez appe>s1 he ab&ons ,selika = h]1 & leaves ! magic isl&4 ,he>tbrok51 ,selika kills h]self by brea?+ ! deadly fragrance ( a man*9eel tree4 ,! op]a's mo/ popul> exc]pt is ,vasco da ,gama's raptur\s t5or aria f ! f\r? act 9 :i* he describes ! beauty ( ,madagasc>1 8,o ,p>adis40 ,ano!r vocal favorite is ! b>itone ballad ( ,nelusko1 slave ( ,selika1 8,adama/or1 roi des vagues pr(ondes02 z he /e]s ! %ip be>+ ,selika & ,vasco da ,gama to ,madagasc> he s+s ( ,adama/or1 mon>* ( ! sea1 :o s5ds %ips to _! doom on trea*]\s reefs4 ,! ,coronation ,m>* 7,m>*e du c\ronnem5t7--music ( pomp & circum/ance--comes f ! op]a ,le ,prophte1 fir/ p]=m$ at ! ,p>is ,opra on ,april #af1 #ahdi4 ,eugne ,scribe's libretto is bas$ on an actual hi/orical episode 9 #af? c5tury ,holl& c5t]$ ar\nd ! ,anabapti/ upris+1 ) ,john ( ,leyd51 lead] ( ! ,anabapti/s1 z ! pr9cipal "*4 ,9 ,act f\r1 sc5e two1 ,john is be+ cr[n$ k+ outside ! ,mu5/] ,ca!dral4 ,z a magnific5t royal procession ent]s ! ,ca!dral1 ! music ( ! ,coronation ,m>* mat*es 9 spl5dor & gr&eur ! visual maje/y ( ?is sc5e4 ,ano!r popul> musical exc]pt = or*e/ra f ?is op]a is ,prelude to ,act #c1 a colorful & rhy?mic ,quadrille t leads into ! op5+ sc5e ( t act1 provid+ ! lively musical backgr\nd = a ballet & ice-c>nival skat+ sc5e4 ,liszt made a te*nically brilliant transcription = ! piano ( ?is ,quadrille music4 ,les ,hugu5ots 7,! ,hugu5ots7 0 fir/ p]=m$ at ! ,p>is ,opra on ,febru>y #bi1 #ahcf1 ! ye> x 0 complet$2 ! libretto 0 by ,eugne ,scribe & mile ,des*amps4 ,9 #af? c5tury ,t\ra9e & ,p>is1 ,ra\l1 a ,hugu5ot nobleman1 has sav$ ! life ( ,val5t9e1 daught] ( ! ,ca?olic lead]1 ,/4 ,bris4 ,%e falls 9 love ) ,ra\l1 b ! latt] repudiates h]1 believ+ h] to be ! mi/ress ( ,c\nt de ,nev]s4 ,:5 he discov]s he has be5 mi/ak51 ,ra\l risks 8 life to see h]4 ,dur+ ?is visit he ov]he>s a ,ca?olic plot to massacre ! ,hugu5ots4 ,aft] ,ra\l & ,val5t9e get m>ri$1 !y are bo? murd]$ 9 ! massacre--,val5t9e by h] own fa!r4 ,! ,ov]ture to ,les ,hugu5ots is built almo/ entirely f ! melody ( ! fam\s ,lu!ran *orale1 ,e9' fe/e ,burg1 :i* 9 ! op]a itself s]v$ z ! musical symbol = militant ,prote/antism4 ,! out/&+ individual exc]pts f ! op]a include ,ra\l's beautiful romance f ,act #a describ+ ! woman he has sav$1 8,plus blan*e que la blan*e h]m9e02 ! rhapsodic description 9 ! second act ( ! ,t\ra9e c\ntryside by ,m>gu]ite de ,valois1 betro!d to ,h5ry ,,iv ( ,nav>re1 8,o beau pays de la ,t\ra9e02 & 9 ! f\r? act ! /irr+ 8,b5$iction ( ! ,swords10 78,gloire au gr& ,dieu v5geur07 ) :i* ! ,ca?olics are bless$ by ?ree monks on ! eve ( _! holy w> aga9/ ! ,hugu5ots4 ,! excit+ ,tor* ,dance1 ,no4 #a1 9 ,b-flat is n f "o ( ,mey]be]'s op]as4 ,x 0 writt5 9 #ahdf = ! w$d+ ( ! ,k+ ( ,bav>ia1 & orig9ally 0 scor$ = brass b&4 ,x is n[ mo/ frequ5tly he>d 9 or*e/ral adaptations4 ,mey]be] subsequ5tly wrote two o!r ,tor* ,dances3 ! second 9 #ahej = ! w$d+ ( ,pr9cess ,*>lotte ( ,prussia1 & ! ?ird 9 #ahec = ! w$d+ ( ,pr9cess ,anne ( ,prussia4 ,k>l ,milloeck] ,k>l ,milloeck] 0 born 9 ,vi5na1 ,au/ria1 on ,may #bi1 #ahdb4 ,8 fa!r1 a jewel]1 want$ him to ent] ! family bus9ess1 b f 8 *ildhood on1 ,k>l 0 drawn to music4 ,aft] /udy+ music ) private tea*]s1 he att5d$ ! ,cons]vatory ( ! ,gesells*aft d] ,musikfreunde4 ,mean:ile1 9 8 sixte5? ye>1 he support$ himself by play+ ! flute 9 a !at] or*e/ra4 ,:5 8 music /udy end$1 he became conductor ( a !at] 9 ,graz 9 #ahfd2 !re 8 fir/ op]etta 0 produc$ "o ye> lat]4 ,9 #ahff he 0 back 9 ,vi5na1 & f #ahfi to #ahhc he 0 pr9cipal conductor at ! ,!at]-an-d]-,wi5 :]e mo/ ( 8 fam\s op]ettas 7 produc$ includ+ ,c\ntess ,du ,b>ry 7,graef9 ,du,barry7 9 #ahgi1 ,! ,begg> ,/ud5t 7,d] ,bettel/ud5t7 9 #ahhb1 ,gasp>one 9 #ahhd1 & ,poor ,jona?an 7,d] arme ,jona?an7 9 #ahij4 ,milloeck] di$ 9 ,bad51 ne> ,vi5na1 on ,decemb] #ca1 #ahii4 ,milloeck]'s mo/ fam\s op]etta is ,! ,begg> ,/ud5t 7,d] ,bettel/ud5t71 :i* 0 fir/ produc$ at ! ,!at]-an-d]-,wi5 9 ,vi5na on ,decemb] #f1 #ahhb1 & aft] t enjoy$ highly successful p]=mances at ! ,cas9o ,!at] 9 ,new ,york 9 #ahhc1 & ! ,alhambra 9 ,london 9 #ahhd4 ,! sc5e is ,crac[1 ,pol&2 ! "t1 #agjd4 ,g5]al ,oll5dorf1 spurn$ by ,laura1 evolves an elaborate plot to av5ge himself4 ,he f9ances ! impov]i%$ /ud5t1 ,symon1 dresses him up z a "l1 & s5ds him (f to woo & w9 ,laura4 ,only aft] ! w$d+ does ! ,g5]al reveal ! fact t ,symon is a begg>4 ,j z disgrace faces ! "y man1 he becomes involv$ 9 a successful maneuv] to re/ore ! reject$ ,poli% k+ to 8 ?rone4 ,?us he acquires weal? & a title1 & is welcom$ ) pride & love by ,laura & h] "m4 ,potp\rris & selections f ?is tuneful op]etta always include ! pr9cipal waltz melody :i* comes z a fir/ act f9ale1 8,a* i* hab' sie ja nur auf die ,s*ult] gekues/40 ,o!r delightful exc]pts include ,symon's mazurka1 8,i* knuepfte man*e z>te ,b&e10 8 lam5t 8,i* hab' ke9 ,geld10 & ! second act duet ( ,symon & ,laura1 8,i* setz d5 ,fall40 ,moritz ,moszk[ski ,moritz ,moszk[ski 0 born 9 ,breslau1 ,g]many1 on ,augu/ #bc1 #ahed4 ,he receiv$ 8 musical tra9+ at ?ree lead+ ,g]man ,cons]vatories3 ! ,dresd5 ,cons]vatory1 ! ,/]n ,cons]vatory & ,kullak ,academy 9 ,b]l94 ,he began a c>e] z piani/ 9 #ahgc1 t\r+ ,europe ) out/&+ success4 ,he also a*iev$ recognition z a tea*] ( ! piano at ! ,kullak ,academy4 ,9 #ahig1 he w5t into retirem5t 9 ,p>is :]e he liv$ = ! rema9d] ( 8 life4 ,9 #ahii he 0 elect$ a memb] ( ! ,b]l9 ,academy4 ,t[>ds ! end ( 8 life 8 f9ancial res\rces 7 completely deplet$1 & 8 fame z compos]1 piani/1 & tea*] _h long be5 eclips$4 ,he di$ 9 pov]ty & obscurity 9 ,p>is on ,m>* #d1 #aibe4 ,?\gh he wrote op]as1 ballets1 suites1 conc]tos & a symphony1 ,moszk[ski 0 at 8 be/--& is mo/ fam\s today--= 8 light] music 9 a ,spani% idiom4 ,typical ( 8 music 9 ?is /yle 7 ! rhy?mic ,bol]o1 op4 #ab1 no4 #e1 = piano solo2 ! languor\s & haunt+ ,guit>re1 op4 #de1 no4 #b1 = piano solo 7transcrib$ by ,pablo de ,s>asate = viol9 & piano72 & ! da%+ ,malaguea1 f ! op]a ,boabdil4 ,b 8 mo/ celebrat$ compositions are ! delightful ,spani% ,dances1 opp4 #ab1 & #fe1 two books ( pieces = piano solo or piano duo1 :i* h be5 arrang$ = or*e/ra4 ,! mo/ popul> are ! fir/ 9 ,c major1 ! second 9 ,g m9or1 & ! fif? 7a bol]o7 9 ,d major4 ,:ile none ( ^! dances c be accept$ z au!ntic ,spani% music--actually !y are only a ,g]man ,romantic's conception ( :at ,spani% music is--!y make mo/ effective use ( ,spani% dance rhy?ms4 ,wolfgang ,amadeus ,moz>t ,wolfgang ,amadeus ,moz>t 0 born 9 ,salzburg1 ,au/ria1 on ,janu>y #bg1 #agef4 ,! son ( ,leopold1 ,kapellmei/] at ! c\rt ( ! ,salzburg ,ar*bi%op1 ,wolfgang ,amadeus disclos$ 8 rem>kable musical p[]s at a t5d] age4 ,he began composition at ! age ( five1 complet$ a piano sonata at sev51 & a symphony at eight4 ,taught ! h>psi*ord1 also v e>ly 9 8 *ildhood1 he reveal$ su* ph5om5al abilities at improvisation & sight read+ t he 0 ! wond] & awe ( all :o came into contact ) him4 ,8 ambiti\s fa!r exhibit$ ?is =midable prodigy = sev]al ye>s be=e ! cr[n$ heads ( ,europe2 & :]ev] he appe>$ ! *ild 0 acclaim$4 ,goe! said3 8,a ph5om5on l t ( ,moz>t rema9s an inexplicable ?+40 ,9 ,milan 9 #aggj he 0 commission$ to write an op]a ,mitridate1 r di ,ponto1 successfully p]=m$ t ye>4 ,9 ,bologna he became ! only musician "u ! age ( tw5ty to be elect$ a memb] ( ! r5[n$ ,accademia ,fil>monica4 ,& 9 ,rome he provid$ dramatic evid5ce ( 8 extraord9>y natural gifts by putt+ d[n on pap] ! entire complex score ( ,allegri's ,mis]]e aft] a s+le he>+4 ,z he outgrew *ildhood he rip5$ z a compos]1 ga9+ all ! "t 9 bo? te*nical & creative p[]s4 ,b he 0 a prodigy no m1 & ?\gh he 0 rapidly becom+ "o ( ! mo/ pr(\nd & orig9al musicians 9 ,europe he 0 unable to attract ! adulation & excitem5t t _h once be5 84 ,betwe5 #aggb & #aggg1 z an employee 9 ! musical e/abli%m5t ( ! ,salzburg ,ar*bi%op1 he 0 treat$ l a m5ial s]vant4 ,! rem>kable music he 0 writ+ all ! "t pass$ unnotic$4 ,f9ally1 9 #aghb1 he made a p]man5t break ) ! ,ar*bi%op & e/abli%$ 8 home 9 ,vi5na :]e he liv$ = ! rema9d] ( 8 life4 ,?\gh he receiv$ "s important commissions1 & enjoy$ sev]al triumphs = 8 op]as1 he did n f>e any too well 9 ,vi5na ei!r4 ,he _h to wait sev]al ye>s = a c\rt appo9tm5t1 & :5 x f9ally came 9 #aghg he 0 deplorably und]paid4 ,?us he liv$ 9 pov]ty1 (t5 dep5d5t = food & o!r necessities ( life on ! g5]osity ( 8 fri5ds4 ,& yet ! ma/]works kept com+ 9 e conceivable m$ium--op]as1 symphonies1 sonatas1 qu>tets1 conc]tos1 *oral music & s =?4 ,a few p 9 ,vi5na 7 aw>e ( 8 prodigi\s a*ievem5ts1 & "o ( ^! 0 ,joseph ,haydn :o call$ him 8! greate/ compos] ,i "k ei!r p]sonally or by "n40 ,dur+ ! la/ ye>s ( 8 life ,moz>t 0 h>ass$ n only by pov]ty b also by sev]e illness4 ,yet 8 la/ ye> 0 "o ( 8 mo/ productive1 yield+ 8 la/ ?ree symphonies1 ! ,requiem1 ! op]a ,! ,magic ,flute 7,die ,zaub]floete71 ! ,ave ,v]um1 & a rem>kable piano conc]to & /r+ qu9tet4 ,he di$ 9 ,vi5na on ,decemb] #e1 #agia & 0 buri$ 9 a paup]'s grave ) no tomb/one or cross = id5tification4 ,?r\gh 8 g5ius e =m ( music 0 end[$ ) new gr&eur1 nobility ( expression & ri*ness ( ?\ght4 ,he 0 a te*nician second to none2 a bold innovator2 a creator capable ( plumb+ ! pr(\nde/ dep?s ( emotion & ! mo/ exalt$ heights ( spirituality4 ,yet he c\ld also be simple & *>m+ & graceful1 9 music rem>kably ov]fl[+ ) ! mo/ engag+ melodies conceiv$ by man1 & *>act]iz$ by ! mo/ exquisite ta/e & ! mo/ consummate craftsman%ip4 ,?us ,moz>t's light] moods 9 music are (t5 also end[$ ) extraord9>y creative res\rces & orig9al inv5tion2 yet !y nev] lose _! capacity to delight audi5ces at fir/ contact4 ,! music ,moz>t wrote directly = popul> consumption 7 ! hundr$ or s ,dances = or*e/ra3 ,c\ntry ,dances1 ,g]man ,dances1 ,m9uets4 ,! greate/ numb] ( ^! consi/ ( ! ,g]man ,dances4 ,^! are lively melodies 9 eight-measure phrases & ) =ceful peasant rhy?ms4 ,"s ( ! be/ ,g]man ,dances are ^? 9 :i* ,moz>t utiliz$ unusual or*e/ral res\rces or in/rum5ts to sugge/ extra-musical s\nds4 ,! ,sleighride 7,die ,s*litt5fahrt71 ,k4 #fje1 9 ,c major1 simulates ! s\nd ( sleigh bells 9 ! middle trio section1 s\nd$ 9 ! tones ,a-,f-,e-,c4 ,! ,organgr9d] 7,d] ,lei]mann71 ,k4 #fjb1 imitates ! s\nd ( a hurdy-gurdy4 ,9 ,! ,can>y 7,d] ,kan>i5vogel71 ,k4 #ega1 flutes reproduce ! *irp+ ( birds4 ,! ,c\ntry ,dance1 or ,contretanze1 is sometimes reg>d$ z ! fir/ mod]n dance1 =]unn] ( ! quadrille4 ,/ructurally & /yli/ically ^! are v mu* l ,g]man ,dances ) a peasant-l vitality & e>?9ess4 ,"h1 too1 ,moz>t sometimes reali/ically imitates non-musical s\nds z 9 ,! ,?und] ,/orm 7,das ,donn]wett]71 ,k4 #ecd1 9 :i* ! role ( ! timpani sugge/s peals ( ?und]4 ,moz>t's mo/ popul> ,m9uet--inde$1 x is probably "o ( ! mo/ popul> m9uets ev] writt5--comes f 8 op]a ,don ,giovanni1 libretto by ,lor5zo da ,ponte1 & fir/ p]=m$ 9 ,prague 9 #aghg4 ,! h]o ( ?is op]a is1 to be sure1 ! ,spani% nobleman ( ! #ag? c5tury ^: escapades & lic5ti\s life f9ally br+ him to doom at ! h&s ( ! /atue ( ! ,comm&ant come to life to consign him to ! fires ( hell4 ,! ,m9uet appe>s 9 ! fif? sc5e ( ! fir/ act4 ,don ,giovanni is ! graci\s ho/ ( a p>ty held 9 8 palace1 & !re ! gue/s dance a c\rtly m9uet :ile ,don himself is mak+ amatory ov]tures to ,z]l9a4 ,9 a light] mood1 also1 is ! ,e9e kle9e ,na*tmusik 7,a ,little ,night ,music71 ,k4 #ebe1 a s]5ade = /r+ or*e/ra 7#aghg74 ,?is "w is consi/5tly tuneful1 graci\s1 *>m+4 ,! fir/ movem5t has two lilt+ little melodies1 :i* are pres5t$ & recapitulat$ ) no =mal developm5t to speak (4 ,! second movem5t is a ,romance1 or ,romanza1 a poetic song contra/$ by two vigor\s sections2 ! ma9 ?\ght ( ?is movem5t is !n repeat$ betwe5 ea* ( ^! two vigor\s p>ts4 ,aft] t comes a =mal m9uet1 & ! "w ends ) a brisk & sprightly rondo4 ,moz>t's popul> ,turki% ,m>*--9 ! pseudo ,turki% /yle s popul> 9 ,vi5na 9 8 day--comes out ( 8 piano ,sonata 9 ,a major1 ,k4 #cca 7#aggh71 :]e x appe>s z ! la/ movem5t4 ,?is m>* is extremely popul> 9 or*e/ral transcription4 ,mode/ ,mussorgsky ,mode/ ,mussorgsky 0 born 9 ,k>evo1 ,russia1 on ,m>* #ba1 #ahci4 ,:5 he 0 ?irte5 he ent]$ ! cadet s*ool ( ! ,imp]ial ,gu>d 9 ,/4 ,pet]sburg1 f :i* he 0 graduat$ to jo9 ! ,gu>d regim5t4 ,9 #aheg he met & befri5d$ sev]al important ,russian musicians 7includ+ ,balakirev & ,/assov7 "u ^: /imulus he decid$ to leave ! army & become a compos]4 ,until n[ 8 musical education _h be5 sporadic1 hav+ consi/$ ( little m ?an "s piano lessons ) 8 "m & a private tea*]4 ,he n[ began an int5sive p]iod ( /udy ) ,balakirev1 "u ^: guidance he complet$ a ,s*]zo = or*e/ra :i* 0 p]=m$ 9 ,/4 ,pet]sburg 9 #ahfj1 z well z "s piano music & ! fragm5ts ( a symphony4 ,associat+ himself ) ,balakirev1 ,rimsky-,korsakov1 ,borod91 & ,cui he n[ became a passionate advocate ( musical nationalism1 becom+ ! fif? memb] ( a new s*ool ( ,russian music h5ce=? id5tifi$ z 8,! ,mighty ,five0 or 8,! ,russian ,five40 ,9 #ahfc1 ) s]fdom aboli%$ 9 ,russia1 he lo/ ! outside f9ancial res\rces he _h ?us f> enjoy$ z ! son ( a l&[n]4 ,to support himself he work$ = f\r ye>s z a cl]k 9 ! ,m9i/ry ( ,communications2 9 #ahfi he f\nd employm5t 9 ! =e/ry dep>tm5t4 ,dur+ ?is p]iod music _h to be relegat$ to ! position ( an avocation1 b composition 0 n ab&on$4 ,he complet$ ! fir/ ( 8 ma/]works1 ! or*e/ral tone poem1 ,a ,night on ! ,bald ,m\nta91 9 #ahff4 ,a lifelong victim ( n]v\s disord]s1 melan*olia & subsequ5tly ( alcoholism1 8 heal? soon began to det]iorate al>m+ly2 b despite ?is fact he 0 able to complete sev]al works ( cr[n+ significance 9 #ahgd includ+ 8 folk op]a1 ,boris ,godunov1 & 8 ,pictures at an ,exhibition1 = piano4 ,aft] #ahgd 8 moral & physical dis9tegration became complete2 t[>ds ! la/ mon?s ( 8 life he gave indications ( los+ 8 m9d4 ,he di$ 9 ,/4 ,pet]sburg on ,m>* #bh1 #ahha4 ,z "o ( ! mo/ =ceful & orig9al memb]s ( ! 8,russian ,five0 ,mussorgsky's greate/ works c]ta9ly d n l5d !mselves to popul> di/ribution4 ,8 writ+ is too individual 9 its melodic & h>monic con/ruction2 & 8 works %[ too great a t5d5cy t[>ds musical realism to make = palatable dige/4 ,h[ev]1 sev]al ( ! folk dances 9 8 op]as are /rik+ly effective = _! rhy?mic pulse & national colors & are by no means z elusive 9 _! appeal z ! re/ ( 8 production4 ,mussorgsky's ma/]work is 8 mighty folk op]a1 ,boris ,godunov1 :]e we enc\nt] "o su* delightful dance episode1 ! ,polonaise4 ,boris ,godunov1 libretto by ! compos] bas$ on a ,pu%k9 drama1 traces ! c>e] ( ! ,cz> f ! ye>s #aeih to #afje1 f 8 coronation to 8 insanity & dea?4 ,! ,polonaise occurs 9 ! fir/ sc5e ( ! ?ird act4 ,at ! palace ( a ,poli% l&[n]1 h&somely co/um$ gue/s p]=m ?is fe/ive c\rtly dance 9 ! adjo9+ g>d54 ,! premire ( ,boris ,godunov took place 9 ,/4 ,pet]sburg on ,febru>y #h1 #ahgd4 ,two or*e/ral dances c also be f\nd 9 ano!r ( ,mussorgky's folk op]as1 ,! ,fair at ,soro*9sk1 :i* 0 n introduc$ until ,octob] #bf1 #aiag1 9 ,/4 ,pet]sburg4 ,! libretto 0 by ! compos] bas$ on ,gogol's /ory1 ,ev5+s on a ,f>m ,ne> ,dikanka4 ,t*]evik1 a peasant1 wants 8 daught] to m>ry ,pritzko1 :]eas ! peasant's wife is p>tial to ! pa/or's son4 ,h[ev]1 :5 ! pa/or's son compromises ! peasant's wife %e realizes t ,pritzko is1 aft] all1 ! "r man = h] daught]4 ,9 ! ?ird act ( ?is op]a comes ! lively ,hopak1 or ,gopak1 a folk dance ) two beats to a measure4 ,folk dances ( a completely diff]5t nature--m ori5tal & exotic ?an ! previ\sly discuss$ ,russian v>iety--w be f\nd 9 ,khovans*9a1 a musical drama ) libretto by ! compos] & ,/assov2 ?is op]a 0 fir/ giv51 9 an amateur p]=mance1 9 ,/4 ,pet]sburg on ,febru>y #ba1 #ahhf4 ,"h ! sett+ is ,mosc[ dur+ ! reign ( ,pet] ! ,great1 & ! plot revolves ar\nd ! ef=ts ( a b& ( radicals kn[n z ! ,/reltsy :o try to ov]?r[ ! ,cz>4 ,pr9ce ,ivan ,khovantsky1 :o is 9 league ) ! ,/reltsy1 is murd]$ by assass9s1 & ! insurrection is suppress$4 ,b be=e ! lead]s ( ! ,/reltsy c de/roy !mselves !y are giv5 an (ficial p>don by ! ,cz>4 ,a high mom5t 9 ?is op]a comes ) ! ,dances ( ! ,p]sian ,slaves1 :i* takes place 9 ! fir/ sc5e ( ! f\r? act4 ,at ! c\ntry h\se ( ,khovantsky1 ! ,pr9ce is be+ ent]ta9$ by an elaborate spectacle1 ! ma9 attraction ( :i* is ! s9u\s1 ,corybantic danc+ ( ! ,p]sian slaves4 ,almo/ z popul> z ^! ,p]sian dances are ! ,prelude to ! fir/ act & an entr'acte betwe5 ! fir/ & second sc5es f ?is op]a2 ^! two episodes = or*e/ra are highly atmosph]ic1 graphic 9 ! pictures ( ,russian l&scapes4 ,! fir/ act ,prelude has be5 nam$ by ! compos]1 ,dawn on ! ,moskava ,riv]4 ,?is is a subtle tone picture made up ( a folk melody & five v>iations4 ,! entr'acte (f]s ano!r k9d ( l&scape1 ?is "t a bleak "o describ+ ! va/1 lonely pla9s ( ,sib]ia4 ,e!lb]t ,nev9 ,e!lb]t ,woodbridge ,nev9 0 born 9 ,edgewor?1 ,p5nsylvania1 on ,novemb] #be1 #ahfb4 ,a precoci\s *ild 9 music1 he wrote 8 fir/ piano piece :5 he 0 elev54 ,a ye> lat] he wrote & _h publi%$ a song t became exce$+ly popul>1 8,good ,night1 ,good ,night ,belov$40 ,aft] /udy+ music ) private tea*]s1 he w5t to ,b]l9 9 #ahhd1 /udy+ = two ye>s ) ,hans von ,buel[ & ,k>l ,kl9dwor?4 ,he return$ to ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 #ahhf4 ,soon aft] t he made 8 =mal ,am]ican conc]t debut z piani/ ) a program on :i* he includ$ "s ( 8 own compositions4 ,by #ahij he decid$ to give up 8 c>e] z a virtuoso & to conc5trate on be+ a compos]4 ,9 #ahia he complet$ ,wat] ,sc5es1 a suite = ! piano 9 :i* w be f\nd "o ( ! mo/ popul> piano pieces by an ,am]ican1 8,n>cissus40 ,9 #ahib & aga9 #ahie ,nev9 travel$ ext5sively ?r\gh ,europe & ,morocco4 ,9 #ahig he settl$ 9 ,new ,york ,city :]e he wrote "o ( ! be/-sell+ art songs by an ,am]ican1 8,! ,ros>y40 ,9 #aijj ,nev9 w5t to live 9 ,new ,hav54 ,dur+ ! la/ ye> ( 8 life he 0 a victim ( depressions :i* he tri$ to alleviate ?r\gh excessive dr9k+4 ,he di$ ( an apoplectic /roke 9 ,new ,hav51 ,connecticut1 on ,febru>y #ag1 #aija4 8,mighty ,lak a ,rose0 & 8,! ,ros>y0 are ,nev9's two mo/ fam\s art songs2 !y are also among ! mo/ popul> art songs writt5 9 ,am]ica4 8,mighty ,lak a ,rose0 0 "o ( ,nev9's la/ compositions1 writt5 dur+ ! clos+ mon?s ( 8 life4 ,he nev] liv$ to see ! song publi%$ & become popul>4 ,! song is a sett+ ( a poem by ,frank ,l4 ,/anton1 & is describ$ by ,john ,trask] ,h[>d 7,nev9's biograph]7 z 8probably ! simple/ ( all 8 songs 444 ) a fre%ness & :imsical t5d]ness t make its appeal direct & =ceful40 8,! ,ros>y10 words by ,r4 ,c4 ,rog]s1 0 an ev5 great] success4 ,f #ahih to #aibh x sold ov] two & a half million copies ( %eet music4 ,:5 ,nev9 _h f9i%$ writ+ ?is song 9 #ahih1 he invit$ ! s+] ,francis ,rog]s to d9n]1 aft] :i* he h&$ him a scribbl$ piece ( music pap]4 8,"h is a song ,i j compos$10 he told ,rog]s4 8,i want y to s+ x at y\r conc]t next week40 ,rog]s deciph]$ ! notes z be/ he c\ld :ile ,nev9 play$ ! accompanim5t f memory4 ,! little audi5ce li/5+ to ?is fir/ in=mal pres5tation ( 8,! ,ros>y0 0 en?usia/ic1 b "o ( its memb]s insi/$ x w\ld be impossible = ,rog]s to memorize ! song 9 "t = ! conc]t ! foll[+ week4 ,! gue/ bet ,nev9 a *ampagne supp] = all pres5t t ! song w\ld n be on ,rog]s' program4 ,he lo/ ! bet4 ,! foll[+ week1 on ,febru>y #ae1 #ahih1 ,rog]s introduc$ ! song at ! ,madison ,squ>e ,conc]t ,hall4 ,! ,wat] ,sc5es1 suite = piano1 op4 #ac is rememb]$ pr9cipally because "o ( its movem5ts is 8,n>cissus10 (t5 consid]$ "o ( ! mo/ popul> compositions ev] writt5 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,nev9 himself provid$ in=mation ab\t ! orig9 ( 8,n>cissus40 8,i rememb]$ vaguely t !re 0 once a ,grecian lad :o _h some?+ to d ) ! wat] & :o 0 call$ ,n>cissus4 ,i rummag$ ab\t my old my?ology & read ! /ory ov] aga94 ,! !me1 or r bo? !mes1 came z ,i read4 ,i w5t directly to my desk & wrote out ! :ole composition4 ,aft]w>ds1 ,i rewrote x & revis$ x a little4 ,! next morn+ ,i s5t x to my publi%]s4 ,until ! pro(s came back to me ,i nev] tri$ x on ! piano4 ,i left almo/ imm$iately = ,europe & 0 surpris$ :5 a publi%] wrote to me ( ! a/oni%+ sale ( ! piece40 ,dur+ ,nev9's lifetime1 ! piece sold ov] #abe1jjj copies ( %eet music1 & 0 he>d ?r\gh\t ,am]ica bo? 9 its orig9al piano v]sion 7a favorite rep]tory numb] ( piano /ud5ts & budd+ piano virtuosos7 & 9 transcriptions4 ,x w5t on to circle ! globe4 ,z ,vance ,?ompson wrote3 8,x 0 ?rumm$ & :i/l$ half ar\nd ! _w4 ,x 0 play$ 9 ,cairo z 9 ,new ,york & ,p>is2 x 0 play$ by or*e/ras1 on *ur* organs1 & on ! m\? h>ps ( ,klondike m9]s2 x became a mode1 almo/ a mania40 ,! o!r movem5ts ( ,wat] ,sc5es are3 8,b>c>olle10 8,dragon ,fly10 8,wat] ,nymph10 8,at ,twilight10 & 8,ophelia40 ,ea* is a s5sitive piece ( tone pa9t+1 z lyrical & z una%am$ly s5tim5tal z ! belov$ 8,n>cissus40 ,otto ,nicolai ,otto ,nicolai 0 born 9 ,ko5igsb]g1 ,g]many1 on ,june #i1 #ahaj4 ,aft] complet+ 8 music /udy ) ,zelt] & ,b]nh>d ,kle91 he came to ,p>is 9 #ahcj :]e he rema9$ ?ree ye>s4 ,9 ,b]l9 he complet$ sev]al works = or*e/ra1 & "s = *orus4 ,9 #ahcd he w5t to ,italy :]e he 0 organi/ 9 ! ,prussian ,embassy at ,rome & became int]e/$ 9 op]a4 ,f #ahcg to #ahch he 0 pr9cipal conductor at ! ,ka]?n]?or ,!at] 9 ,vi5na4 ,!n he return$ to ,italy to devote himself to ! writ+ ( op]as1 ! fir/ ( :i*1 ,rosmonda d',+hilt]ra 0 a failure :5 produc$ 9 ,tur9 9 #ahch4 ,8 second op]a1 h[ev]1 0 a major success :5 fir/ giv5 9 ,tur9 9 #ahdj3 ,il ,templ>io bas$ on ,sir ,walt] ,scott's ,ivanhoe2 x 0 produc$ 9 ,naples & ,vi5na4 ,9 #ahda ,nicolai came to ,vi5na to s]ve = six ye>s z ,kapellmei/] to ! c\rt4 ,dur+ ?is p]iod1 9 #ahdb1 he help$ to f\nd ! r5[n$ ,vi5na ,philh>monic ,or*e/ra4 ,9 #ahdg he came to ,b]l9 to become conductor ( ! ,dom*or4 ,x 0 "h t he complet$ ! "w ^u :i* 8 reputation re/s1 ! comic op]a1 ,! ,m]ry ,wives ( ,w9dsor 7,die lu/ig5 ,weib] von ,w9dsor74 ,he di$ 9 ,b]l9 ( an apoplectic /roke on ,may #aa1 #ahdi1 only two mon?s aft] ! premire p]=mance ( 8 fam\s comic op]a4 ,! ,m]ry ,wives ( ,w9dsor 7,die lu/ig5 ,weib] von ,w9dsor7 is ,nicolai's only op]a to survive2 & its ov]ture is 8 only "w = or*e/ra :i* reta9s its popul>ity4 ,! op]a receiv$ a highly successful premire 9 ,b]l9 on ,m>* #h1 #ahdi4 ,its libretto1 by ,h]mann ,salomon ,mos5?al1 is bas$ on ,%akespe>e's com$y & foll[s t play ) only m9or modifications4 ,fal/aff's cronies 7,b>dolph1 ,pi/ol & ,nym7 are omitt$2 only slight ref]5ce is made to ! love ( ,anne & ,f5ton2 & consid]able att5tion is paid to ,fal/aff's comical amatory ov]tures to ,mi/resses ,=d & ,page4 ,! ov]ture op5s ) a sl[ introduction 9 :i* a fl[+ melody is giv5 aga9/ a high ,g 9 ! viol9s4 ,?is melody is repeat$ by sev]al diff]5t sections ( ! or*e/ra1 !n treat$ 9 imitation4 ,! ma9 "p ( ! ov]ture is made up ( two vivaci\s melodies1 ! second ( :i*1 9 ! viol9s1 is int5d$ to depict ,mi/ress ,page4 ,! developm5t ( bo? !mes is 9 a gay mood1 ) a robu/ passage 9 ,f m9or repres5t+ ,fal/aff4 ,! ov]ture concludes ) an animat$ coda4 ,f ! op]a itself come ?ree melodi\s vocal selections1 prom95t 9 all or*e/ral potp\rris3 ,fal/aff's dr9k+ song1 a long "t favorite ( ,g]man bassos1 8,als ,bueble9 kle902 ,f5ton's s]5ade to ,anne ,page1 8,hor*1 die ,l]*e s+t 9 ,haim02 & ,mi/ress ,page's ?ird-act ballad ( ,h]ne ! ,hunt]4 ,siegfri$ ,o*s ,siegfri$ ,o*s 0 born 9 ,frank=t on ! ,ma91 ,g]many1 on ,april #ai1 #aheh4 ,:ile /udy+ m$ic9e1 he att5d$ ! ,b]l9 ,high ,s*ool = ,music4 ,!n decid+ ^u music z a life's c>e]1 he cont9u$ 8 music /udy ) private tea*]s & became a protg ( ,hans von ,buel[4 ,9 #ahhb he f\nd$ ! ,philh>monic ,*oir ( ,b]l91 "o ( ,g]many's mo/ celebrat$ *oral gr\ps4 ,he rema9$ its conductor ev5 aft] x m]g$ ) ! *orus ( ! ,b]l9 ,high ,s*ool = ,music 9 #aibj4 ,o*s di$ 9 ,b]l9 on ,febru>y #f1 #aibi4 ,o*s wrote sev]al comic op]as1 song cycles1 & "s *oral music4 ,a semi-classical favorite is ! set ( or*e/ral v>iations on ! well-kn[n ,g]man folk song1 8,kommt e9 ,vogel40 ,^! v>iations are ea* 9 ! /yle ( a fam\s compos]--,ba*1 ,moz>t1 ,bee?ov51 ,wagn]1 ,johann ,/rauss ,,ii1 & s on2 & ea* v>iation %[s a rem>kable skill1 & a w9n+ wit1 9 mimick+ ! individual creative mann]isms & idiosyncrasies ( ea* compos]4 ,jacques ,(f5ba* ,jacques ,(f5ba* 0 born ,jacques ,ob]/ 9 ,cologne1 ,g]many1 on ,june #bj1 #ahai2 8 fa!r 0 a cantor 9 "o ( ! city synagogues4 ,aft] att5d+ ! ,p>is ,cons]vatory1 ,(f5ba* play$ ! cello 9 ! or*e/ra ( ! ,opra-,comique4 ,!n1 9 #ahdi he became conductor at ! ,?tre ,franais4 ,9 #ahej he a*iev$ 8 initial success z a compos] ) ! song1 8,*anson de ,=tunio0 int]polat$ into a production ( ! ,alfr$ de ,musset drama1 ,*&eli]4 ,?ree ye>s lat] 8 fir/ op]etta1 ,pepito1 0 produc$ at ! ,?tre des ,v>its4 ,betwe5 #ahee & #ahff he direct$ 8 own !at] :]e op]ettas 7 giv51 ,les ,b\ffes ,p>isi5s1 :i* op5$ on ,july #e1 #ahee ) a p]=mance ( "o ( 8 own works1 ,les ,deux aveugles4 ,= 8 !at] ,(f5ba* wrote _m op]ettas includ+ 8 ma/]work 9 t g5re1 ,orpheus 9 ! ,und]world1 9 #aheh4 ,aft] clos+ d[n ! ,b\ffes ,p>isi5s1 ,(f5ba* w5t to ,g]many & ,au/ria :]e he _h produc$ sev]al m ( 8 op]ettas4 ,b 9 #ahfd he 0 back 9 ,p>is4 ,! premire ( ,la ,belle ,hlne at ! ,v>its t ye> enjoy$ a spectacul> success4 ,among 8 lat] op]ettas 7 ,la ,vie p>isi5ne 7#ahff71 ,la ,gr&e ,du*esse de ,grol/e9 7#ahfg71 & ,la ,pri*ole 7#ahfh74 ,9 #ahgg he t\r$ ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 an acc\nt ( :i* 0 issu$ 9 ,am]ica 9 #aieg "u ! title ( ,orpheus 9 ,am]ica4 ,t[>ds ! end ( 8 life ,(f5ba* devot$ himself to ! writ+ ( 8 "o & only gr& op]a1 ,! ,tales ( ,h(fmann 7,les ,contes d',h(fmann74 ,he did n live to see x p]=m$4 ,he di$ 9 ,p>is on ,octob] #e1 #ahhj1 ab\t half a ye> be=e ! premire ( 8 op]a at ! ,opra-,comique on ,febru>y #aj1 #ahha4 ,(f5ba* 0 ! g5ius ( ! opra-b\ffe1 or ,fr5* op]etta4 ,8 music nev] lack$ spontaneity or gaiety1 sp>kle or engag+ lyricism4 ,8 writ+ _h ! w>m? ( laught]1 ! /+ ( satire1 & ! c>ess ( s9c]e & he>tfelt emotion4 ,8 lovable melodies woo & w9 ! li/5]4 ,! lightness ( 8 t\* & ! fre%ness ( 8 humor give voice to ! joy ( good liv+4 ,l 8 celebrat$ ,vi5nese contempor>y1 ,johann ,/rauss ,,ii1 ,(f5ba* is a giant figure 9 semi-classical music4 ,to ! light] musical rep]tory he br+s ! inv5tion & imag9ation ( a ma/]4 ,! ,apa*e ,dance is ! da%+ music t inv>iably accompanies a p]=mance ( ,fr5* ,apa*e dances1 ?\gh !re are few t "k ,(f5ba* wrote x4 ,actually1 ! ,apa*e ,dance is an adaptation ( ! ma9 melody ( a waltz 78,valse des ,papillons07 f ,(f5ba*'s comic op]a1 ,le ,roi ,c>otte 7#ahgb74 ,la ,belle ,hlne 7,fair ,hel571 fir/ p]=m$ 9 ,p>is on ,decemb] #ag1 #ahfd1 draws mat]ial = laught] & satire f my?ology4 ,h5ri ,meilhac & ,ludovic ,halvy prep>$ ! text :i* is bas$ on ! love ( ,p>is & ,hel5 t l$ to ! ,trojan w>4 ,b ?is /ory is told ) tongue-9-*eek frivolity1 & ! life ( ! ,greeks is gaily p>odi$4 ,"o ( ! mo/ famili> musical exc]pts f ,la ,belle ,hlne is :irl+ ,c-,c music--! ,c-,c be+ ! voluptu\s ,fr5* dance :i* fir/ became popul> 9 ,p>is 9 #ahcj & :i* contribut$ to ! quadrille high kicks1 skirt-lift+ & o!r sugge/ive & at times vulg> movem5ts4 7,(f5ba* also wrote brilliant ,c-,c music = ,orpheus 9 ! ,und]world1 ,b>be-,bleue1 & ,la ,vie p>isi5ne47 ,o!r delightful episodes f ?is op]etta are ,hel5's invocation ) *orus1 8,am\rs div9s10 & h] highly lyrical airs1 8,on me nomme ,hlne10 8,un m>i ,sage10 & 8,la vrai6 je ne suis pas c\pable40 ,! ,galop is almo/ z mu* a specialty ) ,(f5ba* z ! ,c-,c4 ,?is is a spirit$1 highly rhy?mic dance ( ,g]man orig9 introduc$ 9 ,p>is 9 #ahbi4 ,two ( ,(f5ba*'s be/ kn[n ,galops appe> respectively 9 ,la ,gr&e ,du*ess de ,grol/e9 7#ahfg7 & ,g5evive de ,brabant 7#ahei74 ,x is p]haps n g5]ally kn[n t ! fam\s 8,m>9e's ,hymn0 famili> to all ,am]icans z 8,f ! ,halls ( ,montezuma0 also comes out ( ,g5evive de ,brabant4 ,! ,hymn 0 copyright$ by ! ,m>9e ,corps 9 #aiai4 ,x is kn[n t ! lyric 0 writt5 9 #ahdg by an unid5tifi$ ,m>9e4 ,! melody 0 tak5 f "o ( ! airs 9 ,(f5ba*'s op]etta1 ,g5evive de ,brabant4 ,orpheus 9 ! ,und]world 7,orphe aux enf]s7 is ,(f5ba*'s ma/]work1 fir/ produc$ 9 ,p>is on ,octob] #ba1 #aheh4 ,?is delightful comic op]a1 ) book by ,hector ,crmieux & ,ludovic ,halvy1 is a satire on ! ,olympian gods 9 g5]al1 & specifically on ! leg5d ( ,orpheus & ,eurydice4 ,orpheus 9 ! ,und]world 0 n at fir/ successful s9ce audi5ces did n seem to f9d mu* mir? 9 a satire on ,olympian gods4 ,b :5 a p[]ful ,fr5* critic1 ,jules ,jan91 viol5tly attack$ x z a 8pr(anation ( holy & glori\s antiquity10 ! curiosity ( ,p>isians 0 ar\s$1 & ! cr[ds began sw>m+ into ! !at]4 ,sudd5ly ,orpheus 9 ! ,und]world became a vogue2 x 0 ! ?+ to see & discuss2 its music 7p>ticul>ly ! waltzes1 galops1 & quadrilles7 7 ev]y:]e play$4 ,! op]etta _h a run ( #bbg p]=mances4 ,! ,ov]ture is a p]5nial favorite ( salon & pop or*e/ras ?r\gh\t ! _w4 ,x op5s briskly1 !n progresses to ! fir/ subject1 a light & gay tune = /r+s4 ,! he>t ( ! ov]ture is ! second ma9 melody1 a s5tim5tal song fir/ he>d 9 solo viol91 & lat] repeat$ by full or*e/ra4 ,! ,c-,c music 9 ,orpheus 9 ! ,und]world is also fam\s4 ,mu* ( its effect is due to ! fact t ,(f5ba* pres5t$ ! c-c imm$iately aft] a /ately m9uet 9 ord] to emphasize ! contra/ betwe5 two p]iods 9 ,fr5* hi/ory4 ,a contempor>y describ$ ?is ,c-,c music z foll[s3 8,?is fam\s dance 444 has c>ri$ away our entire g5]ation z w\ld a tempe/u\s :irlw9d4 ,already ! fir/ s\nds ( ! furi\sly play+ in/rum5ts seem to indicate ! call to a :ole _w to awake & plunge into ! wild dance4 ,^! rhy?ms appe> to h ! int5tion ( %ock+ all ! resign$1 all ! defeat$1 out ( _! le?>gy &1 by ! physical & moral upheaval :i* !y ar\se1 to ?r[ ! :ole fabric ( society into confusion40 ,! ,tales ( ,h(fmann 7,les ,contes d',h(fmann7 is ,(f5ba*'s only s]i\s op]a2 b ev5 "h we enc\nt] "s semi-classical favorites4 ,?is op]a1 "o ( ! glories ( ! ,fr5* lyric !at]1 0 bas$ on /ories by ,e4 ,t4 ,a4 ,h(fmann1 adapt$ into a libretto by ,jules ,b>bi] & ,mi*el ,c>r4 ,x conc]ns ! ?ree tragic loves ( ! poet ,h(fmann3 ,olympia1 a me*anical doll2 ,giulietta1 :o is captive to a magician2 & ,antonia1 a victim ( consumption4 ,! 8,b>c>olle0 f ?is op]a is surely "o ( ! mo/ popul> selections f ! _w ( op]a4 ,x op5s ! second act4 ,outside ,giulietta's palace 9 ,v5ice1 ,h(fmann he>s ! /ra9s ( ?is music sung by 8 fri5d ,nicklausse & ,giulietta z !y praise ! beauty ( ! ,v5etian night4 ,h>p arpeggios sugge/ ! lapp+ ( ! ,v5etian wat]s 9 ! canal1 provid+ a soo?+ backgr\nd to "o ( ! mo/ radiant melodies 9 ,fr5* music4 ,x is int]e/+ to rem>k t ,(f5ba* did n write ?is melody directly = ?is op]a4 ,he _h previ\sly us$ x 9 #ahfd z a gho/ song = an op]a-ballet1 ,die ,rhe9nix54 ,two dance episodes f ,! ,tales ( ,h(fmann are also frequ5tly p]=m$ outside ! op]a h\se4 ,"o is ! infecti\s waltz :i* rises to a dramatic climax 9 ! fir/ act4 ,to ?is music ,h(fmann dances ) ! me*anical doll1 ,olympia1 ) :om he is 9 love4 ,! second is an en*ant+ little ,m9uet1 us$ z entr'acte music betwe5 ! fir/ & second acts4 ,a collation ( "s ( ,(f5ba*'s mo/ fam\s melodies f v>i\s op]ettas c be f\nd 9 ,la ,gaiet p>isi5ne1 an or*e/ral suite adapt$ f a score by ,manuel ,ros5?al to a fam\s contempor>y ballet4 ,?is "o-act ballet1 ) *oreography by ,leonide ,mass9e & sc5>io by ,comte ti5ne de ,beaumont1 0 introduc$ 9 ,monte ,c>lo by ! ,ballet ,russe 9 #aich4 ,! sett+ is a fa%ionable ,p>isian re/aurant ( ! #ai? c5tury2 & ! dance (f]s a colorful picture ( ,p>isian life & mores ( t p]iod1 climax$ by a /unn+ ,c-,c4 ,musical episodes are us$ f ,orpheus 9 ! ,und]world1 ,la ,pri*ole1 ,la ,vie p>isi5ne1 & sev]al o!r ,(f5ba* opra-b\ffes4 ,belov$ ,(f5ba* melodies f v>i\s opra-b\ffes 7 adapt$ = ! score ( a ,broadway musical produc$ 9 #aifa1 ,! ,happie/ ,girl 9 ! ,_w4 ,ignace ,jan ,pad]ewski ,ignace ,jan ,pad]ewski1 "o ( ! _w's =emo/ piano virtuosos & "o ( ,pol&'s mo/ r5[n$ /atesm51 0 born 9 ,kurylwka1 ,podolia1 on ,novemb] #ah1 #ahfj4 ,a *ild prodigy1 he 0 giv5 piano lessons f 8 ?ird ye> on4 ,sev]al patrons arrang$ to s5d him to ! ,w>saw ,cons]vatory1 f :i* he 0 graduat$ 9 #ahgh4 ,betwe5 #ahha & #ahhc he /udi$ composition & or*e/ration 9 ,b]l91 & f #ahhd to #ahhg piano ) ,les*etizky 9 ,vi5na4 ,pad]ewski's fir/ major success z a piani/ came 9 ,vi5na 9 #ahhi1 a conc]t t 0 ! beg9n+ ( a virtuoso c>e] ext5d+ = ab\t half a c5tury & c>ry+ him triumphantly to all p>ts ( ! _w4 ,9 #aiai he tempor>ily )drew f music to become ! fir/ ,premi] ( ! ,poli% ,republic1 b ab\t a ye> lat] he resum$ conc]t "w4 ,he made 8 ,am]ican debut 9 ,new ,york 9 #ahia1 & 8 la/ ,am]ican t\r took place 9 #aici4 ,dur+ ! e>ly "p ( ,_w ,w> ,,ii he return$ to political activity z ,presid5t ( ! ,p>liam5t ( ! ,poli% ,gov]nm5t 9 ,exile4 ,he di$ 9 ,new ,york on ,june #bi1 #aida4 ,by ord] ( ,presid5t ,roosevelt he 0 giv5 a /ate burial 9 ,arl+ton ,national ,cemet]y4 ,pad]ewski produc$ _m ambiti\s compositions1 "s 9 ! /yle ( ,poli% folk music2 ^! includ$ ! op]a ,manru1 a symphony1 piano conc]to1 ! ,poli% ,fantasy = piano & or*e/ra & num]\s %ort] compositions = ! piano4 ,ironically x is n = "o ( 8 ambiti\s works t he is mo/ (t5 recall$ z a compos]1 b ?r\gh a slight piece3 ! ,m9uet 9 ,g1 or ,m5uet l'antique1 a graceful1 well-mann]$ composition 9 an #ah?-c5tury /yle4 ,?is is "o ( ! ?ree mo/ popul> m9uets ev] writt51 ! o!r two be+ by ,moz>t & ,bee?ov54 ,pad]ewski orig9ally wrote x = ! piano2 x is ! fir/ ( six pieces collectively entitl$ ,humoresques de conc]t1 op4 #ad4 ,fritz ,kreisl] transcrib$ x = viol9 & piano2 ,gasp> ,cassad = cello & piano4 ,x has1 ( c\rse1 be5 frequ5tly adapt$ = or*e/ra4 ,gabriel ,pi]n ,gabriel ,pi]n 0 born 9 ,metz1 ,france1 on ,augu/ #af1 #ahfc4 ,he att5d$ ! ,p>is ,cons]vatory = elev5 ye>s1 a pupil ( ,mass5et & ,cs> ,franck4 ,he won num]\s aw>ds !re includ+ ! ,prix de ,rome 9 #ahhb4 ,aft] return+ f ,rome1 he succe$$ ,franck z organi/ ( ! ,/e4 ,clo?ilde ,*ur* 9 ,p>is1 reta9+ ?is po/ until #ahih4 ,f #aijc until #aicb he 01 fir/ ! assi/ant1 & f #aiaj on ! pr9cipal1 conductor ( ! ,colonne ,or*e/ra4 ,he comb9$ 8 long & fruitful c>e] z conductor ) t ( compos]1 produc+ a va/ libr>y ( music 9 virtually e =m1 includ+ op]as1 oratorios1 ballets1 symphonic & *amb] music4 ,he a*iev$ r5[n ) ! oratorio ,! ,*ildr5's ,crusade 7,la ,croisade des enfants71 introduc$ 9 #aije & soon aft] t w9n] ( ! ,city ( ,p>is ,aw>d4 ,ano!r major success came ) ! ballet1 ,cydalise & ! ,satyr 9 #aibc4 ,a cons]vative compos]1 ,pi]n utiliz$ traditional =ms ) di/9ction1 & fill$ !m ) beautiful lyricism1 well-s\nd+ h>monies1 & a poetic spee*4 ,9 #aibe ,pi]n 0 elect$ memb] ( ! ,acadmie des ,beaux-,arts4 ,he di$ 9 ,pl\jean1 ,france1 on ,july #ag1 #aicg4 ,! ,entrance ( ! ,little ,fauns 7,m>*e des petites faunes7 is a :imsical little m>* = or*e/ra f ! ballet1 ,cydalise & ! ,satyr 7,cydalise et le *vre-pi$71 introduc$ at ! ,p>is ,opra on ,janu>y #ae1 #aibc4 ,a saucy tune = mut$ trumpet is juxtapos$ aga9/ ! wail ( piccolos2 all ! :ile an incisive rhy?m is project$ n only by ! sn>e drum & tamb\r9e b also by ! viol9i/s tapp+ ! wood ( _! b[s on ! /r+s4 ,)9 ! ballet ?is m>* accompanies ! appe>ance ( a gr\p ( small fauns1 l$ by _! tea*]1 an old satyr1 z !y ent] s*ool to le>n pan pipes4 ,! ,m>* ( ! ,little ,lead ,soldi]s 7,m>*e des petits soldats de plomb7 orig9at$ z a piano piece 9 ! ,album p\r mes petits amis1 op4 #ad 7#ahhg71 b 0 subsequ5tly or*e/rat$ by ! compos]4 ,x op5s ) a mut$ trumpet call4 ,a sn>e drum !n e/abli%es ! rhy?m & sets ! /age = ! appe>ance ( ! ma9 m>* melody 9 solo flute4 ,jean-,rob]t ,planquette ,jean-,rob]t ,planquette 0 born 9 ,p>is on ,july #ca1 #ahdh4 ,he att5d$ ! ,p>is ,cons]vatory aft] :i* he support$ himself by writ+ popul> songs & *ansonettes = ,p>isian caf-conc]ts4 ,he />t$ writ+ op]ettas 9 #ahgd1 & a*iev$ _w fame ) ,! ,*imes ( ,norm&y 9 #ahgg4 ,he wrote _m m op]ettas aft] t1 ! mo/ successful be+ ,rip ,van ,w9kle 7#ahhb71 ,nell ,gwynne 7#ahhd7 & ,mam'zelle ,quat',s\s 7#ahig74 ,he di$ 9 ,p>is on ,janu>y #bh1 #aijc4 ,! ,*imes ( ,norm&y 7,les ,clo*es de ,corneville7 is "o ( ! mo/ fam\s ,fr5* op]ettas ( all "t1 & x is /ill occasionally reviv$4 ,introduc$ 9 ,p>is at ! ,folies ,dramatiques on ,april #ai1 #ahgg1 its success 0 s imm$iate & p]man5t t )9 a decade x _h be5 giv5 ov] a ?\s& times 9 ,p>is alone4 ,x 0 fir/ se5 9 ,new ,york 9 #ahgg1 & 9 ,london 9 #ahhh1 major successes 9 bo? places4 ,! book by ,clairville & ,gabet pres5ts ! life ( fi%+ & peasant folk 9 ,norm&y dur+ ! regime ( ,l\is ,,xv4 ,g]ma9e is 9 love ) ! fi%]man1 ,jean1 b f9ds opposition 9 h] mis]ly old uncle1 ,gasp>d1 :o has o!r plans = h]4 ,to escape h] uncle1 ,g]ma9e f9ds employm5t ) ,h5ri1 a ,m>quis1 :o has sudd5ly return$ to 8 native village to take up resid5ce 9 ! family ca/le rumor$ to be haunt$4 ,! my/]y ( ! haunt$ ca/le is cle>$ up :5 ! discov]y is made t ,gasp>d has us$ x to hide 8 gold2 & ! bells ( ! ca/le beg9 to r+ out l\d & cle> aga94 ,gasp>d1 aft] a brief siege ) insanity1 is made to sanction ! m>riage ( ,g]ma9e & ,jean at a magnific5t fe/ival honor+ ! ,m>quis2 at ! same "t x is sudd5ly uncov]$ t ,g]ma9e is 9 reality a ,m>*ioness4 ,?is is an op]etta ov]fl[+ ) e>-c>ess+ melodies4 ,! mo/ fam\s are ,g]ma9e's bell song1 8,n\s avons1 hlas1 p]du d'excell5ce matres02 ! ,m>quis' lilt+ waltz-rondo1 8,mme sans consult] mon coeur02 & ,s]polette's cid] song1 8,la ,pomme e/ un fruit ple9 de sve40 ,edu>d ,pold9i ,edu>d ,pold9i 0 born 9 ,budape/1 ,hung>y1 on ,june #ac1 #ahfi4 ,8 music /udy took place at ! ,vi5na ,cons]vatory4 ,pold9i subsequ5tly e/abli%$ 8 home 9 ,vevey1 ,switz]l&1 :]e he devot$ himself to composition4 ,8 mo/ significant works are = ! /age--bo? comic & s]i\s op]as t include ,! ,vagabond & ! ,pr9cess 7#aijc7 & ,! ,c>nival ,m>riage 7#aibd74 ,he 0 also a prolific compos] ( salon pieces = ! piano1 famili> to piano /udies ?r\gh\t ! _w4 ,9 #aice ,pold9i receiv$ ! ,ord] ( ! ,hung>ian ,cross & 9 #aidh ! ,hung>ian ,pro ,arte ,prize4 ,he di$ 9 ,vevey1 ,switz]l& on ,june #bi1 #aieg4 ,p\pe valsante 7,danc+ ,doll7 is ,pold9i's be/ kn[n composition1 a fleet1 graceful melody contra/$ by a s5tim5tal c\nt]-subject4 ,! compos] wrote x = solo piano4 ,fritz ,kreisl] adapt$ x = viol9 & piano1 & ,frank ,la ,=ge = voice & or*e/ra4 ,x has also (t5 be5 transcrib$ = or*e/ra4 ,manuel ,ponce ,manuel ,m>ia ,ponce 0 born 9 ,fresnillo1 ,mexico1 on ,decemb] #h1 #ahhb4 ,8 ma9 music /udy took place 9 ,europe :]e he arriv$ 9 #aije3 composition ) ,enrico ,bossi 9 ,bologna2 piano ) ,m>t9 ,krause 9 ,b]l94 ,aft] return+ to ,mexico he gave a conc]t ( 8 own compositions 9 #aiab4 ,= sev]al ye>s he taught ! piano at ! ,national ,cons]vatory 9 ,mexico ,city1 & f #aiag to #aiai he 0 ! conductor ( ! ,national ,symphony ,or*e/ra !re4 ,dur+ ,_w ,w> ,i he liv$ 9 ,havana & ,new ,york4 ,aft] ! w> he w5t to ,p>is = an additional p]iod ( /udy ) ,paul ,dukas4 ,f #aicc to #aich he 0 pr(essor ( folklore at ! ,univ]sity ( ,mexico4 ,9 #aida he t\r$ ,s\? ,am]ica1 & 9 #aidg he 0 ! recipi5t ( ! fir/ annual ,mexican ,arts & ,sci5ces ,aw>d e/abli%$ by ! ,presid5t ( ,mexico4 ,he di$ 9 ,mexico ,city on ,april #bd1 #aidh4 ,ponce 0 a mod]ni/ :o fill$ 8 or*e/ral compositions ) ! mo/ advanc$ res\rces ( mod]n h>mony1 c\nt]po9t & rhy?m4 ,b 9 8 songs he possess$ a spontane\s & +ratiat+ lyricism1 (t5 ( a national ,mexican id5tity4 ,x is "o ( ^! t has made him fam\s 9 semi-classical lit]ature3 8,e/rellita0 78,little ,/>071 a song ) su* a /rong ,spani% p]sonality ( melody & rhy?m t x 0 long believ$ to be a folk song4 ,ponce fir/ publi%$ x 9 #aiad b x did n become univ]sally popul> until #aibc :5 x 0 issu$ 9 a new arrangem5t 7by ,frank ,la ,=ge7 & translat$ into ,engli%4 ,amilc>e ,pon*ielli ,amilc>e ,pon*ielli 0 born 9 ,pad]no ,fasol>o1 ,italy1 on ,augu/ #ca1 #ahcd4 ,= n9e ye>s he att5d$ ! ,milan ,cons]vatory :]e he wrote an op]etta 9 collaboration ) ?ree o!r /ud5ts4 ,foll[+ ! t]m9ation ( 8 /udies1 he became organi/ 9 ,cremona1 & aft] t a b&ma/] 9 ,piac5za4 ,8 fir/ op]a1 ,i ,promessi sposi1 0 introduc$ 9 ,cremona 9 #ahef1 b x did n become successful until sixte5 ye>s lat] :5 a revis$ v]sion help$ to op5 ! ,teatro dal ,v]me 9 ,milan4 ,_w r5[n came to ,pon*ielli ) ,la ,gioconda1 fir/ giv5 at ,la ,scala 9 ,milan 9 #ahgf4 ,?\gh ,pon*ielli wrote _m o!r op]as aft] t he nev] aga9 manag$ to rea* ! high arti/ic level ( ?is ma/]work1 nor to repeat its _w success4 ,f #ahhc until 8 dea? he 0 pr(essor ( composition at ! ,milan ,cons]vatory4 ,he di$ 9 ,milan1 ,italy1 on ,janu>y #af1 #ahhf4 ,:at is und\bt$ly ,pon*ielli's mo/ fam\s or*e/ral composition1 8,! ,dance ( ! ,h\rs0 78,danza della ore07 comes f 8 ma/]work1 ! op]a ,la ,gioconda4 ,?is op]a--fir/ p]=m$ 9 ,milan on ,april #h1 #ahgf--0 bas$ on ,victor ,hugo's drama1 ,angelo1 tyran de ,pad\e1 adapt$ by ,arrigo ,boto4 ,! sett+ is #ag? c5tury ,v5ice1 & ! pr9cipal action involves ! tragic love triangle ( ,alvise1 8 wife ,laura1 & h] belov$1 ,enzo4 8,! ,dance ( ! ,h\rs0 comes 9 ! second sc5e ( ! ?ird act4 ,alvise is ent]ta9+ 8 gue/s at a sumptu\s ball 9 8 palace1 ! highlight ( :i* is a magnific5t ballet1 int5d$ to symbolize ! victory ( "r ov] wrong4 ,! danc]s 9 gr\ps ( six come out imp]sonat+ ! h\rs ( dawn1 day1 ev5+1 & night4 ,! music beg9s ) a slight murmur1 %imm]+ s\nds pass+ ?r\gh ! viol9s & woodw9d4 ,dawn appe>s4 ,! music is c>ri$ to a dramatic climax ) a /rong rhy?mic pulse z ! day unfolds4 ,:5 ! music a*ieves mell[ness & t5d]ness1 ! s(tness ( ev5+ t\*es ! /age2 & ) ! com+ ( night ! music acquires a somb] "*4 ,at midnight1 ! music is r$uc$ to a sigh4 ,! h>p pres5ts "s arpeggios1 & a broad melody unfolds4 ,! mood !n becomes excitable z all ! tw5ty-f\r h\rs plunge into a spirit$ dance1 z light conqu]s d>kness4 ,! mo/ famili> vocal exc]pts f ?is op]a are ,la ,cieca's romanza f ! fir/ act1 8,a te que/o ros>io02 ,b>naba's fi%]man's b>c>olle 78,pescator1 affonda l'esca07 & ,enzo's idyll to ! beauty ( ! night 78,cielo e m>07 f ! second act2 & ,la ,gioconda's dramatic n>rative 9 :i* %e plans to de/roy h]self 78,suicidio074 ,cole ,port] ,cole ,port] 0 born 9 ,p]u1 ,indiana1 on ,june #i1 #ahic to an imm5sely weal?y family4 ,precoci\s 9 music1 he began /udy+ ! viol9 :5 he 0 six1 & at elev5 _h "o ( 8 compositions publi%$4 ,he pursu$ 8 academic /udies at ! ,worce/] ,academy 9 ,massa*usetts & at ,yale2 music /udy took place at ! ,s*ool ( ,music at ,h>v>d & subsequ5tly 9 ,p>is ) ,v9c5t d',indy at ! ,s*ola ,cantorum4 ,at ,yale he p>ticipat$ 9 all its musical activities & wrote two football songs /ill favorites !re1 8,yale ,bull ,dog0 & 8,b+o ,eli ,yale40 ,9 #aiaf he wrote ! music = 8 fir/ ,broadway musical com$y1 ,see ,am]ica ,fir/1 a failure4 ,dur+ ! next few ye>s he 0 a memb] ( ! ,fr5* des]t troops 9 ,nor? ,africa1 :ile dur+ ,_w ,w> ,i he taught ,fr5* gunn]y to ,am]ican troops at ,fonta9ebleau4 ,j aft] ! close ( ! w> he contribut$ "s songs to ,hit*y ,koo ( #aiah1 & 9 #aibd five m songs to ! ,gre5wi* ,village ,follies1 bo? ( !m ,broadway productions4 ,success fir/ came 9 #aibh ) 8 music = ,p>is :i* includ$ 8,let's ,d ,x0 & 8,let's ,misbehave40 ,= ! next qu>t] ( a c5tury & m he 0 "o ( ,broadway's mo/ successful compos]s4 ,8 greate/ /age hits came ) ,fifty ,million ,fr5*m5 7#aibi71 ,! ,gay ,divorce 7#aicb71 ,any?+ ,goes 7#aicd71 ,leave ,x to ,me 7#aich71 ,panama ,hattie 7#aidj71 ,let's ,face ,x 7#aida71 ,kiss ,me ,kate 7#aidh71 ,c-,c 7#aiec7 & ,silk ,/ock+s 7#aiee74 ,f ^! & o!r /age productions came "s ( ,am]ica's be/ lov$ popul> songs1 = :i* ,port] wrote n m]ely ! music b also ! brilliant lyrics3 8,night & ,day10 8,beg9 ! ,begu9e10 8,love = ,sale10 8,y ,d ,some?+ to ,me10 8,my ,he>t ,belongs to ,daddy10 & s =?4 ,he 0 also a significant compos] = motion pictures1 8 mo/ successful songs = ! scre5 includ+ 8,i've ,got ,y ,"u ,my ,sk910 8,9 ! ,/ill ( ! ,night10 8,y'd ,be ,s ,nice to ,come ,home ,to10 8,don't ,f5ce ,me ,910 & 8,true ,love40 ,! mo/ successful ( all ! ,cole ,port] musical com$ies 0 ,kiss ,me ,kate :i* began a ,broadway run ( ov] "o ?\s& p]=mances on ,decemb] #cj1 #aidh1 !n w5t on to be a triumph 9 ,vi5na1 ,au/ria1 :]e x became ! greate/ box-(fice success 9 ! hi/ory ( ! ,volksop] :]e x 0 giv54 ,9 ,pol& x 0 ! fir/ ,am]ican music p]=m$ 9 t c\ntry4 ,! text by ,bella & ,sam ,spewack 0 bas$ p>tly on ,%akespe>e's ,tam+ ( ! ,%rew1 b x 0 really a play )9 a play4 ,a t\r+ company is p]=m+ ! ,%akespe>e com$y 9 ,baltimore1 ,m>yl&4 ,! musical com$y moves freely f sc5es ( t production to ! back/age complications 9 ! private lives ( its pr9cipal p]=m]s4 ,9 ! end1 ! amatory problems ( ! two />s are resolv$ )9 a p]=mance ( ! ,%akespe>e com$y4 ,?is 0 n only ,cole ,port]'s mo/ successful musical com$y b also ! f9e/ ( 8 scores4 ,nev] be=e 7or s9ce7 0 he s prolix ) song hits 9 a s+le production2 nev] be=e 0 8 /yle s v>i$4 ,! rep]tory ( semi-classical music has be5 enri*$ by a symphonic treatm5t giv5 ! be/ ( ^! melodies by ,rob]t ,russell ,b5nett4 ,b5nett's symphonic pres5tation ( ,kiss ,me ,kate op5s ) 8,wund]b>10 a tongue-9-*eek p>ody ( a s5tim5tal ,vi5nese waltz4 ,x cont9ues ) ! sprightly measures ( 8,ano!r ,op59'1 ,ano!r ,%[10 & aft] t come ! plang5t1 purple moods ( 8,7 ,?9e ,t ,special ,face10 8,i ,s+ ( ,love10 & ! %['s pr9cipal love song1 8,s ,9 ,love40 ,s]ge ,prok(iev ,s]ge ,prok(iev 0 born 9 ,sontzovka1 ,russia1 on ,april #bc1 #ahia4 ,he 0 extraord9>ily precoci\s 9 music4 ,aft] receiv+ "s tra9+ at ! piano f 8 "m1 he complet$ ! writ+ ( an op]a by ! "t he 0 t54 ,prelim9>y music /udy took place ) ,glire4 ,9 8 ?irte5? ye> he ent]$ ! ,mosc[ ,cons]vatory :]e he 0 a pupil ( ,rimsky-,korsakov & ,liadov among o!rs & f :i* he 0 graduat$ ) ! ,rub9/e9 ,prize = 8 fir/ piano conc]to4 ,8 advanc$ musical ?9k+ 0 already evid5t 9 8 fir/ major "w = or*e/ra1 ,! ,scy?ian ,suite1 introduc$ 9 ,/4 ,pet]sburg 9 #aiaf4 ,he cont9u$ to develop 8 own p]sonality1 =mulat+ 8 highly individual /yle & creative idiosyncrasies 9 works l ! ballet ,*\t1 ! fir/ viol9 conc]to1 & ! ,classical ,symphony1 all writt5 dur+ ! era ( ,_w ,w> ,i4 ,9 #aiah he t\r$ ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 mak+ 8 ,am]ican debut ) a ,new ,york piano recital on ,novemb] #bj4 ,:ile 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates he 0 commission$ to write ! op]a ,! ,love = ,?ree ,oranges = ! ,*icago ,op]a4 ,f #aiai to #aicc ,prok(iev made 8 home 9 ,p>is1 b 9 #aicc he return$ to 8 native l& to /ay !re = ! re/ ( 8 life4 ,?\gh he 0 honor$ 9 ! ,soviet ,union z "o ( its great creative figures--& 0 ! recipi5t ( ! ,/al9 ,prize = 8 monum5tal ,sev5? ,piano ,sonata inspir$ by ,_w ,w> ,,ii--he did n escape c5sure 9 #aidh :5 ! ,c5tral ,committee ( ! ,communi/ ,p>ty d5\nc$ ,soviet compos]s = _! p>tiality t[>ds exp]im5tation1 mod]nism & c]ebralism1 9 _! musical works4 ,nev]!less1 ,prok(iev soon recov]$ 8 high e/ate 9 ,soviet music2 9 #aiea he receiv$ ! ,/al9 ,prize aga91 ?is "t = 8 oratorio ,on ,gu>d = ,peace & ! symphonic suite1 ,w9t] ,bonfire4 ,8 sixtie? bir?day1 t ye>1 0 celebrat$ ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry ) conc]ts & broadca/s4 ,prok(iev di$ ( a c]ebral hemorrhage 9 ,mosc[ on ,m>* #e1 #aiec4 ,prok(iev 0 "o ( ! giants ( #bj?-c5tury music4 ,8 sev5 symphonies1 five piano conc]tos1 n9e piano sonatas1 ! op]a ,w> & ,peace1 ballets1 *amb] music1 piano compositions & v>i\s %ort] or*e/ral works are among ! mo/ significant contributions made 9 our "t to music4 ,! highly p]sonal way ( writ+ melodies1 8 unusual progressions1 8 h>monic vocabul>y are all pres5t 9 ! few light] & simpl] works ) :i* he made a significant contribution to ! contempor>y rep]tory ( semi-classics4 ,! ,m>* s famili> to radio li/5]s ?r\gh\t ! ,unit$ ,/ates z ! !me music = ! program 8,! ,f4,b4,i4 9 ,peace & ,w>0 comes f ! op]a ,! ,love = ,?ree ,oranges 7#aiba74 ,! libretto by ! compos] bas$ on a tale ( ,c>lo ,gozzi is a *>m+ fantasy 9 :i* a pr9ce saves himself f dea? ?r\gh gloom by means ( laught]1 & :o !n goes at once to rescue a pr9cess f h] prison 9 an orange4 ,! m>* occurs 9 ! second act :]e an ef=t is be+ made to get ! ,pr9ce to laugh1 = :i* purpose a fe/ival is be+ arrang$4 ,! m>* music is play$ z ! c\rt je/] drags ! reluctant ,pr9ce to ^! fe/ivities4 ,! quixotic skips 9 ! melody1 ! grotesqu]ie ( ! musical /yle1 & ! p]t discords are all typical ( ,prok(iev's creative mann]4 ,pet] & ! ,wolf1 a 8symphonic fairy tale0 = n>rator & or*e/ra op4 #fg 7#aicf7 0 int5d$ by ! compos] to tea* *ildr5 ! in/rum5ts ( ! or*e/ra4 ,b ! music is s consi/5tly delightful = its sprightly lyricism & wit t x has prov$ a favorite at symphony & semi-classical conc]ts4 ,! /ory "h be+ told is ab\t a lad nam$ ,pet] :o turns a deaf e> to 8 gr&fa!r's w>n+ & goes out into ! mead[4 ,!re a wolf has fright5$1 9 turn1 a cat1 bird1 & duck4 ,b ,pet] is n afraid ( him4 ,he captures ! wolf1 ties him up ) a rope & takes him to ! zoo4 ,! composition op5s ) ! foll[+ explanation by ! n>rator3 8,ea* "* 9 ! tale is repres5t$ by a diff]5t in/rum5t 9 ! or*e/ra3 ! bird by a flute2 ! duck by an oboe2 ! cat by a cl>9et 9 ! l[ regi/]2 gr&papa by ! bassoon2 ! wolf by ?ree ,fr5* horns2 ,pet] by ! /r+ qu>tet2 & ! hunt]'s rifle %ots by ! kettl$rums & bass drums40 ,!n1 z ! /ory ( ,pet] & ! wolf unfolds1 little melodies appe> & reappe>1 ea* id5tify+ "s "* 9 ! /ory4 ,pet]'s !me is a lyrical folk song ) a pucki% p]sonality = /r+s4 ,vivid & reali/ic little tunes repres5t ! cat1 bird1 & duck1 ea* tune provid+ an amus+ insight into ! p]sonality ( ea* ( ^! animals4 ,summ] ,day1 opp4 #fe;a & #fe;b 7#aice7 is ano!r ( ! compos]'s compositions = *ildr5 :i* makes = delightful li/5+4 ,x />t$ out z a suite ( twelve easy piano pieces = *ildr5 call$ ,music = ,*ildr54 ,lat] on ! compos] or*e/rat$ sev5 ( ^! sections & call$ ! new "w ,summ] ,day4 ,9 ! fir/ movem5t1 8,morn+10 a :imsical little tune is he>d 9 fir/ flute aga9/ a contrapuntal backgr\nd by o!r woodw9ds1 /r+s1 & bass drum4 ,midway a second>y melody is giv5 by bassoons1 horns & cellos4 8,tag10 ! famili> *ild's game1 is repres5t$ 9 a tripp+ melody = viol9s & flutes2 ! music gr[s increas+ly rhy?mic 9 ! int]m$i>y section4 ,9 ! 8,waltz10 a saucy waltz tune ) an unusual syncopat$ con/ruction is pres5t$ by ! viol9s1 int]rupt$ by exclamations f ! woodw9d ) typical ,prok(iev octave leaps4 8,regrets0 op5s ) a t5d] melody = cellos1 b is soon tak5 ov] by oboes1 & !n ! viol9s4 ,?is melody is !n v>i$ by viol9s & cl>9ets4 8,m>*0 (f]s ! ma9 m>* melody 9 cl>9ets & oboes4 8,ev5+0 highlights a g5tle song by solo flute1 soon jo9$ by ! cl>9et4 ,z ! viol9s take ov] ! melody ! p5sive mood is ma9ta9$4 ,! conclud+ movem5t1 8,moonlit ,mead[s0 is dom9at$ by a melody = solo flute4 ,giacomo ,pucc9i ,giacomo ,pucc9i 0 born 9 ,lucca1 ,italy1 on ,decemb] #bb1 #aheh1 to a family :i* = sev]al g5]ations _h produc$ pr(essional musicians4 ,z a boy1 ,giacomo att5d$ ! ,i/ituto ,musicale 9 8 native city1 play$ ! organ 9 ! local *ur*1 & wrote two *oral compositions4 ,a subsidy f ,que5 ,m>gh]ita enabl$ him to cont9ue 8 music /udy at ! ,milan ,cons]vatory ) ,bazz9i & ,pon*ielli4 ,! latt] enc\rag$ ,pucc9i to write = ! /age4 ,pucc9i's fir/ dramatic "w 0 a "o-act op]a1 ,le ,villi1 giv5 successfully 9 ,milan 9 #ahhd1 & soon !reaft] p]=m$ at ,la ,scala4 ,on a commission f ! publi%]1 ,ricordi1 ,pucc9i wrote a second op]a t 0 a failure4 ,b ! ?ird1 ,manon ,lescaut--introduc$ 9 ,tur9 9 #ahic--0 a triumph & p]man5tly e/abli%$ ,pucc9i's fame4 ,he n[ mov$ rapidly to a position ( fir/ importance 9 ,italian op]a ) ?ree successive ma/]-works3 ,la ,bohme 7#ahif71 ,tosca 7#aijj7 & ,madama ,butt]fly 7#aijd74 ,pucc9i paid 8 fir/ visit to ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 #aijg to sup]vise ! ,am]ican premire ( ! la/-nam$ op]a2 he return$ 9 #aiaj to att5d ! _w premire ( ,! ,girl f ! ,gold5 ,we/ :i* _h be5 commission$ by ! ,metropolitan ,op]a4 ,pucc9i's subsequ5t op]as 73 ,la ,rond9e 7#aiag71 ,il ,trittico1 a trilogy ( ?ree "o-act op]as 7#aiah71 & ,tur&ot 7#aibd71 ! la/ ( :i* 0 left unf9i%$ b 0 complet$ by ,franco ,alfano4 ,op]at$ on = canc] ( ! ?roat1 9 ,brussels1 ,pucc9i di$ ( a he>t attack 9 t city on ,novemb] #bi1 #aibd4 ,?\gh ,pucc9i 0 an expon5t ( 8,v]ismo10 a movem5t 9 ,italian op]a :i* emphasiz$ ev]yday subjects treat$ reali/ically1 he p\r$ into 8 op]as su* a weal? ( s5tim5t1 t5d]ness1 sweetness ( lyricism1 & elegance ( /yle t _! emotional appeal is univ]sal1 & he has become ! be/ lov$ op]a compos] ( ! #bj? c5tury4 ,selections f 8 ?ree mo/ popul> op]as are basic to ! rep]tory ( any semi-classical or 8pop0 or*e/ra4 ,la ,bohme 0 bas$ on ,murg]'s fam\s novel1 ,scnes de la vie de ,bohme adapt$ into an op]a libretto by ,giacosa & ,illica4 ,:5 fir/ introduc$ 7,tur91 ,febru>y #a1 #ahif7 ! op]a enc\nt]$ an apa!tic audi5ce & ho/ile critics4 ,x _h no big sc5es1 no tell+ climaxes1 & mo/ ( its effects 7 too subtle emotionally to h an in/antane\s appeal4 ,b ! ?ird p]=mance--9 ,pal]mo 9 #ahif--receiv$ an ovation4 ,f t "t on x nev] fail$ to move op]a audi5ces ) its deeply mov+ pa?os & its vivid depiction ( ! daily problems & conflicts ( a gr\p ( ,bohemians 9 mid #ai?-c5tury ,p>is4 ,! c5tral !me is ! love affair ( ! poet1 ,rodolfo1 & a seam/ress1 ,mimi4 ,?is love 0 fill$ ) /orm & /ress1 & end$ tragically ) ,mimi's dea? ( consumption 9 ,rodolfo's attic4 ,! foll[+ are "s ( ! episodes he>d mo/ (t5 9 potp\rris or fantasies ( ?is op]a3 ,rodolfo's celebrat$ n>rative 9 ! fir/ act1 8,*e gelida man9a10 9 :i* he tells ,mimi ab\t 8 life z a poet2 ,mimi's aria t foll[s ?is n>rative imm$iately1 8,mi *iamano ,mimi10 :]e %e tells ,rodolfo ( h] poignant ne$ = fl[]s & ! w>m? ( spr+time2 ! fir/ act love duet ( ,mimi & ,rodolfo1 8,o soave fanciulla02 ,musetta's coquetti% second-act waltz1 8,qu&o m'en vo' soletta10 sung outside ,caf ,momus 9 ! ,lat9 ,qu>t] on ,*ri/mas ,eve1 in=m+ h] admir]s 7specifically ,m>cello ! pa9t]71 h[ m5 are always attract$ to h]2 ,rodolfo's poignant recollection ( 8 "o "t happ9ess ) ,mimi1 8,o1 ,mimi1 tu pi0 9 ! f\r? act2 & ,mimi's dea? music t ends ! op]a4 ,madama ,butt]fly--libretto by ,illica & ,giacosa bas$ on ,david ,belasco's play ( ! same "n1 :i* 9 turn came f ,john ,lu!r's %ort /ory--0 fir/ p]=m$ 9 ,milan on ,febru>y #ag1 #aijd :5 x 0 a fiasco4 ,!re 0 su* p&emonium dur+ t p]=mance t ,pucc9i _h to ru% on ! /age & entreat ! audi5ce to be quiet s t ! op]a might cont9ue4 ,und\bt$ly1 "s ( ,pucc9i's enemies _h a h& 9 in/igat+ ?is sc&al1 b ! op]a itself 0 n "o able to w9 imm$iate favor4 ,! exotic sett+ ( ,japan1 ! unor?odox love affair involv+ an ,am]ican sailor & a gei%a girl end+ 9 trag$y = ! girl1 & ! provocatively diff]5t k9d ( music 7sometimes ,ori5tal1 sometimes mod]n7 writt5 to con=m to ! sett+ & ! *>act]s--all ?is 0 n calculat$ to appeal to ,italian op]a lov]s4 ,b ?ree mon?s aft] ! premire ! op]a 0 repeat$ 7) "s vital revisions by ! compos]74 ,?is "t nei!r ! play nor ! music prov$ %ock+1 & ! audi5ce fell "u ! spell ( en*antm5t :i* t s5sitive op]a ca/ all ab\t x4 ,f !n on1 ! op]a has be5 a favorite ar\nd ! _w4 ,! mo/ celebrat$ s+le exc]pt f ! op]a is unque/ionably ,madame ,butt]fly's poignant aria1 h] expression ( belief t h] ,am]ican lov]1 s long abs5t f ,japan ) 8 fleet1 w\ld "s day return to h]3 8,un bel di40 ,o!r popul> episodes include ! passionate love music ( ,madame ,butt]fly & ! ,am]ican lieut5ant ) :i* ! fir/ act ends1 8,vi5e la s]a02 ! fl[] duet ( ! second act betwe5 ,madame ,butt]fly & h] s]vant 9 :i* ! h]o9e excit$ly decorates h] home ) *]ry blossoms ^u le>n+ t h] lov] is back ) 8 fleet 78,scuoti quella fronda di ciliegio072 ! ,am]ican lieut5ant's t5d] f>ewell to ,madame ,butt]fly & ! sc5e ( _! love idyl f ! ?ird act 78,addio fiorito asil072 & ,madame ,butt]fly's t5d] f>ewell to h] daught] be=e committ+ suicide 78,tu1 tu piccolo iddio074 ,tosca--bas$ on ! fam\s ,fr5* drama ( ! same "n by ,s>d\1 ! libretto by ,giacosa & ,illica--0 introduc$ 9 ,rome on ,janu>y #ad1 #aijj4 ,x 0 a blood & ?und] drama set 9 ,rome at ! turn ( ! #ai? c5tury2 ! dramatic episodes involv$ murd]1 horror1 suicide1 sadism4 ,! h]o9e1 ,floria ,tosca1 is an op]a s+] 9 love ) a pa9t]1 ,m>io ,cav>adossi2 %e1 9 turn1 is be+ pursu$ by ,sc>pia1 ! *ief ( police4 ,to save h] lov]'s life1 %e /&s ready to give h]self to ,sc>pia4 ,! latt]1 none!less1 is responsible = ,cav>adossi's execution4 ,sc>pia is murd]$ by ,tosca1 :o !n commits suicide4 ,two t5or arias by ,cav>adossi are lyrical highlights ( ?is op]a4 ,! fir/ is 8,recondita armonia10 9 ! fir/ act1 9 :i* ! pa9t] rhapsodizes ov] ! beauty ( 8 belov$ ,tosca2 ! second1 8,e lucevan le /elle10 comes 9 ! la/ act z ,cav>adossi prep>es himself = 8 dea? by bidd+ f>ewell to 8 memory ( ,tosca4 ,! ?ird important aria f ?is op]a is t ( ,tosca1 8,vissi d'arte10 a monologue 9 :i* %e reflects on h[ cruel life _h be5 to "o :o has devot$ h]self always to art1 pray]1 & love4 ,9 addition to ^! ?ree arias1 ! op]a score also boa/s "s wond]ful love music1 t ( ,cav>adossi & ,tosca 78,non la sospiri la no/ra casetta07 & ! fir/ act /ately *ur* music 78,te ,deum074 ,s]gei ,ra*man9(f ,s]gei ,ra*man9(f 0 born 9 ,oneg1 ,novgorod1 ,russia1 on ,april #a1 #ahgc4 ,he att5d$ ! ,/4 ,pet]sburg ,cons]vatory = ?ree ye>s1 & 8 musical tra9+ end$ at ! ,mosc[ ,cons]vatory 9 #ahib :5 he receiv$ a gold m$al = a "o-act op]a1 ,aleko4 ,9 t same ye> he also wrote ! ,prelude 9 ,c-%>p m9or ) :i* he became _w fam\s4 ,8 fir/ piano conc]to & 8 fir/ symphony1 h[ev]1 7 dismal failures4 ,9 #aija he scor$ a triumph ) 8 ,second ,piano ,conc]to :i*1 s9ce !n1 has be5 n only ! compos]'s mo/ celebrat$ composition 9 a l>ge =m b also "o ( ! be/ lov$ & mo/ frequ5tly p]=m$ piano conc]tos ( ! #bj? c5tury4 ,ra*man9(f comb9$ 8 success z compos] ) t z piano virtuoso4 ,beg9n+ ) #aijj he t\r$ ! _w ( music a*iev+ recognition ev]y:]e z "o ( ! mo/ r5[n$ conc]t arti/s ( 8 g5]ation4 ,! fir/ ( 8 _m t\rs ( ,am]ica took place 9 #aiji4 ,he also di/+ui%$ himself z a conductor1 fir/ at ! ,bol%oi ,!at] betwe5 #aijd & #aijf1 & lat] ) ! ,mosc[ ,philh>monic4 ,z a compos] he enhanc$ 8 reputation ) a rem>kable second symphony1 two m piano conc]tos1 & sundry works = or*e/ra4 ,he 0 a traditionali/ :o pref]r$ work+ )9 ! /ructures & ) ! te*niques h&$ d[n to him by ,t*aikovsky4 ,l ,t*aikovsky :om he admir$ & emulat$1 he wore 8 he>t on 8 sleeve1 ev] pref]r+ to make 8 music ! vehicle = pr(\ndly felt emotions4 ,8 broad rhapsodic /yle makes 8 greate/ music an ev] /irr+ emotional exp]i5ce4 ,9 #aiag ,ra*man9(f left ,russia = good1 e/abli%+ 8 p]man5t home fir/ 9 ,luc]ne1 ,switz]l&1 & 9 #aice 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,all ! :ile he cont9u$ to t\r ! _w z conc]t piani/4 ,8 la/ ye>s 7 sp5t 9 ,bev]ly ,hills1 ,cali=nia1 :]e he di$ on ,m>* #bh1 #aidc4 ,! ,prelude 9 ,c-%>p m9or1 op4 #c1 no4 #b 7#ahib7 is ,ra*man9(f's mo/ popul> composition2 ! transcriptions & adaptations x has receiv$ are ( inf9ite v>iety4 ,he wrote x :5 he 0 n9ete5 & in/antane\sly ! piece travel$ ar\nd ! globe4 ,un=tunately1 ! compos] nev] pr(it$ comm]cially f ?is =midable success1 hav+ sold ! composition outright = a pittance4 ,! ,prelude op5s 9 a solemn mood ) a !me s\nd+ l ! toll+ ( bells1 or ! grim pron\ncem5t by "s implacable fate4 ,! second !me is agitat$ & re/less1 b be=e ! composition ends ! solemn fir/ !me recurs4 ,num]\s ef=ts h be5 made to provide ?is dramatic music ) a program1 includ+ "o :i* int]pret$ x 9 t]ms ( ! burn+ ( ,mosc[ 9 #ahab4 ,! ,prelude 9 ,g m9or1 op4 #bc1 no4 #e1 = piano 7#aijd71 is almo/ z fam\s4 ,! op5+ subject has ! "* ( a brisk milit>y m>*1 :ile ! contra/+ second !me is no/algic & reflective4 ,! ,vocalise1 op4 #cd1 no4 #ad 7#aiab7 is "o ( ! compos]'s be/ kn[n vocal compositions4 ,?is is a wordless song--a melody sung only on v[els1 a 8vocalise0 be+ actually a vocal ex]cise4 ,ra*man9(f himself transcrib$ ?is "w = or*e/ra1 a v]sion p]haps bett] kn[n ?an ! orig9al vocal "o4 ,_m o!r musicians h made sundry o!r transcriptions1 includ+ "o = piano1 & o!rs = solo in/rum5ts & piano4 ,joa*im ,raff ,joseph ,joa*im ,raff 0 born 9 ,la*51 on ! ,lake ( ,zuri*1 ,switz]l&1 on ,may #bg1 #ahbb4 ,he 0 mo/ly self-taught 9 music1 :ile pursu+ ! c>e] ( s*oolma/]4 ,"s ( 8 e>ly compositions 7 publi%$ ?r\gh ,m5delssohn's influ5ce1 a developm5t t f9ally enc\rag$ ,raff to give up s*ooltea*+ & devote himself completely to music4 ,an intimate association ) ,liszt l$ to ! premire ( an op]a1 ,k+ ,alfr$1 9 ,weim> 9 #ahea4 ,9 #ahfc1 8 symphony1 ,an das ,vat]l&1 receiv$ fir/ prize f ! ,vi5na ,gesells*aft d] ,musikfreunde4 ,f #ahgg until 8 dea? he 0 director ( ,ho*'s ,cons]vatory 9 ,frank=t1 ,g]many4 ,he di$ 9 t city on ,june #be1 #ahhb4 ,a prolific compos] ( symphonies1 conc]tos1 ov]tures1 qu>tets1 sonatas & sundry o!r works1 ,raff 0 a major figure 9 ! ,g]man ,romantic movem5t1 highly reg>d$ by 8 contempor>ies1 b =gott5 s9ce 8 dea?4 ,only "s ( 8 m9or pieces are rememb]$4 ,! mo/ popul> is ! ,cavat9a 9 ,a-flat major1 op4 #he1 no4 #c1 = viol9 & piano1 a p]5nial favorite ) viol9 /ud5ts & "y viol9i/s1 & no less famili> 9 v>i\s or*e/ral adaptations4 ,a 8cavat9a0 is a composition = an in/rum5t ) ! lyric "* ( a song4 ,raff's broad & expressive melody has an almo/ religi\s /atel9ess4 ,ano!r popul> ,raff composition 9 a small] dim5sion is ! picturesque piano piece1 ,la ,fileuse 7,! ,sp9n]71 op4 #aeg1 no4 #b1 9 :i* ! movem5t ( ! sp9n+ :eel is graphically reproduc$4 ,maurice ,ravel ,maurice ,ravel 0 born 9 ,cib\re1 ,france1 on ,m>* #g1 #ahge4 ,aft] /udy+ music ) private tea*]s 9 ,p>is he ent]$ ! ,p>is ,cons]vatory 9 #ahhi1 rema9+ !re fifte5 ye>s1 & prov+ himself a brilliant 7if at times an iconocla/ic7 /ud5t4 ,:ile /ill at ! ,cons]vatory 8 ,m5uet antique = piano 0 publi%$1 & ,les ,sites auriculaires = two pianos 0 p]=m$4 ,by ! "t he left ! ,cons]vatory he 0 already a compos] ( consid]able /ature1 hav+ complet$ two rem>kable compositions = ! piano--,pavane p\r une ,infante dfunte & ,jeux d'eau1 bo? introduc$ 9 #aijb--;& an unqualifi$ ma/]work1 ! ,/r+ ,qu>tet1 fir/ p]=m$ 9 #aijd4 ,! fact t a compos] ( su* atta9m5ts _h f\r times fail$ to w9 ! ,prix de ,rome creat$ su* a sc&al 9 ,p>is t ! director ( ! ,p>is ,cons]vatory1 ,?odore ,dubois1 0 compell$ to resign4 ,b ,ravel's fru/rations f fail+ to w9 ! ,prix de ,rome did n affect ! quality ( 8 music4 ,9 ! succe$+ ye>s he produc$ a succession ( ma/]works3 ! ballet ,daphnis & ,*loe1 its premire by ! ,ballet ,russe de ,monte ,c>lo 9 ,p>is on ,june #h1 #aiab2 ! ,spani% ,rhapsody 7,rapsodie espagnole7 = or*e/ra2 ! suite ,miroirs1 = piano4 ,dur+ ,_w ,w> ,i1 ,ravel s]v$ at ! front 9 an ambulance corps4 ,aft] ! w>1 he )drew to 8 villa 9 ,mont=t l',amaury :]e he liv$ 9 comp>ative seclusion1 devot$ ma9ly to creative "w4 ,nev]!less1 9 #aibh1 he t\r$ ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 mak+ 8 ,am]ican debut 9 ,bo/on ) ! ,bo/on ,symphony on ,janu>y #ab1 #aibi2 ,ravel di$ 9 ,p>is on ,decemb] #bh1 #aicg1 foll[+ an unsuccessful op]ation on ! bra94 ,"o ( ! mo/ significant ( ,impressioni/s aft] ,debussy1 ,ravel 0 ! creator ( music t is highly s5sitive 9 its moods1 elegant 9 /yle1 exquisite 9 detail1 & usually end[$ ) ! mo/ /unn+ effects ( in/rum5tation1 rhy?m1 & h>mony4 ,"s ( 8 be/-kn[n works d]ive _! inspiration & mat]ial f ,spani% s\rces4 ,x is "o ( ^! t is probably 8 mo/ popul> or*e/ral composition1 & "o ( ! mo/ popul> ( ! #bj? c5tury1 ! ,bol]o4 ,a 8bol]o0 is a ,spani% dance 9 "t accompani$ by click+ ca/anets4 ,ravel wrote 8 ,bol]o 9 #aibh z ballet music = ,ida ,rub9/e9 :o introduc$ x 9 ,p>is on ,novemb] #bb1 #aibh4 ,b ,bol]o has s9ce !n sep>at$ itself f ! dance to become a conc]t hall favorite4 ,:5 ,toscan9i direct$ ! ,am]ican premire 9 #aibi x creat$ a s5sation1 & set into motion a wave ( popul>ity = ?is excit+ music a*iev$ by few contempor>y works4 ,x 0 p]=m$ by e major ,am]ican or*e/ra1 0 he>d 9 !at]s & ov] radio1 0 reproduc$ simultane\sly on six diff]5t record+s4 ,x 0 transcrib$ = e possible comb9ation ( in/rum5ts 7includ+ a jazz b&72 ! ^w 8,bol]o0 0 us$ z ! title ( a motion picture4 ,su* imm5se appeal is n difficult to expla94 ,! rhy?mic & in/rum5tal virtuosity ( ?is music has an imm$iate k9ae/hetic effect4 ,! composition d]ives its imm5se impact f sonority & *ang+ or*e/ral colors4 ,! bol]o melody has two sections1 ! fir/ he>d initially is ! flute1 !n cl>9et2 ! second is giv5 by ! bassoon1 & !n ! cl>9et4 ,?is two-"p melody is repeat$ ?r\gh\t ! composition aga9/ a compell+ rhy?m ( a side drum1 all ! :ile gradually gr[+ 9 dynamics & cont9ually *ang+ its colors *ameleon-l ?r\gh v>i$ in/rum5tation4 ,a monum5tal climax is f9ally realiz$1 z ! bol]o melody is proclaim$ by ! full or*e/ra4 ,ano!r highly popul> ,ravel composition has a f> diff]5t p]sonality--! ,pavane p\r une ,infante dfunte 7,pavane = a ,dead ,infante74 ,:]e ! appeal ( ! ,bol]o is /rong1 direct1 imm$iate & on ! surface1 t ( ! ,pavane is subtle1 elusive1 s5sitive4 ,a ,pavane is a /ately c\rt dance 7usually 9 ?ree sections & 9 _/ "t7 popul> 9 ,france4 ,ravel's ,pavane is an elegy = ! dea? ( a ,spani% pr9cess4 ,ravel wrote ?is composition = piano 7#ahii7 b he lat] transcrib$ x = or*e/ra4 ,an ,am]ican popul> song 0 adapt$ f ?is haunt+ melody 9 #aici1 entitl$ 8,! ,lamp ,is ,l[40 ,emil von ,rezniek ,emil ,von ,rezniek 0 born 9 ,vi5na1 ,au/ria1 on ,may #d1 #ahfj1 ! son ( a pr9cess & an ,au/rian field m>%al4 ,= a "t he /udi$ law1 b !n devot$ himself completely to music /udy1 ma9ly at ! ,leipzig ,cons]vatory4 ,f #ahif to #ahii he 0 ! conductor ( sev]al !at] or*e/ras 9 ,g]many1 ,au/ria1 & ,switz]l&4 ,9 #aijb he settl$ 9 ,b]l9 :]e he f\nd$ & = sev]al ye>s conduct$ an annual s]ies ( or*e/ral conc]ts4 ,subsequ5tly he 0 ! conductor ( ! ,w>saw ,op]a & f #aiji to #aiaa ( ! ,komis*e ,op] 9 ,b]l94 ,he also pursu$ a highly successful c>e] z tea*]1 pr9cipally at ! ,s*>w5ka ,cons]vatory 9 ,b]l9 & f #aibj to #aibf at ! ,b]l9 ,high ,s*ool ( ,music4 ,he w5t into retirem5t 9 #aibi1 & di$ 9 ,b]l9 on ,augu/ #b1 #aide4 ,rezniek 0 ! compos] ( sev]al op]as1 five symphonies1 ?ree tone poems & v>i\s o!r compositions4 ,8 greate/ success came ) ! comic op]a1 ,donna ,diana1 introduc$ 9 ,prague on ,decemb] #af1 #ahid1 & soon !reaft] he>d 9 =ty-?ree ,european op]a h\ses4 ,! op]a--libretto by ! compos] bas$ on a ,spani% com$y by ,moreto y ,cabana--is consi/5tly light & fro?y4 ,c>los is 9 pursuit ( ,pr9cess ,diana1 & to effect h] surr5d] he feigns he is madly 9 love ) h]4 ,pr9cess ,diana plays a game ( h] own4 ,coyly %e eludes him aft] seem+ to fall victim to 8 wiles4 ,9 ! end !y bo? discov] !y are v mu* 9 love ) ea* o!r4 ,! op]a is almo/ nev] he>d any long]1 b ! witty ov]ture is a favorite ?r\gh\t ! _w2 x is ! only piece ( music by ! compos] t is /ill (t5 p]=m$ today4 ,a su/a9$ introduction leads into ! jolly fir/ !me--a fa/1 light little melody t sets ! prevail+ mood ( frivolity4 ,! he>t ( ! ov]ture is an expressive melody %>$ by basses & oboe4 ,x gr[s 9 passion & int5sity z o!r sections ( ! or*e/ra develop x4 ,:5 ?is melody comes to a climax1 ! passionate mood is sudd5ly dissipat$1 & ! frivol\s fir/ !me ( ! ov]ture returns to re/ore a mood ( reckless gaiety4 ,nikolai ,rimsky-,korsakov ,nikolai ,rimsky-,korsakov 0 born 9 ,tikhv91 ,russia1 on ,m>* #ah1 #ahdd4 ,tra9$ = a naval c>e]1 he 0 graduat$ f ! ,naval ,s*ool 9 ,/4 ,pet]sburg 9 #ahfb1 aft] :i* he emb>k$ on a two-&-a-half-ye> cruise z naval (fic]4 ,f e>lie/ boyhood he _h be5 passionately int]e/$ 9 music1 especially ! folk op]as ( ,gl9ka & ,russian ecclesia/ical music4 ,:5 he 0 sev5te51 he 0 enc\rag$ by ,balakirev to essay composition4 ,aft] return+ to ,russia 9 #ahfd1 ,rimsky-,korsakov associat$ himself ) ! national ,russian s*ool !n be+ realiz$ by ,balakirev & ,mussorgsky among o!rs1 & complet$ 8 fir/ symphony1 introduc$ 9 ,/4 ,pet]sburg 9 #ahfe4 ,he plung$ m deeply into musical activity aft] t by complet+ sev]al ambiti\s works ( national "*1 includ+ ! ,ant> ,symphony & an op]a1 ,! ,maid ( ,pskov4 ,9 #ahgc he 0 reliev$ by ! gov]nm5t ( all 8 naval duties & all[$ to devote himself completely to music4 ,at t "t ! special po/ ( ,inspector ( ,milit>y ,or*e/ras 0 creat$ = him4 ,he soon di/+ui%$ himself z a conductor ( ! ,free ,music ,society 9 ,/4 ,pet]sburg & z pr(essor ( composition & or*e/ration at ! ,/4 ,pet]sburg ,cons]vatory4 ,he did n neglect composition1 produc+ _m significant op]as & or*e/ral works4 ,9 8 music he rema9$ fai?ful to national ideals by fill+ 8 music ) melodies patt]n$ aft] ,russian folk songs1 h>monies d]iv$ f ! modes ( ,russian *ur* music1 & rhy?ms simulat+ ^? ( ,russian folk dances4 ,to all 8 writ+ he br\ght an extraord9>y te*nical skill 9 /ructure1 or*e/ration & h>mony4 ,he di$ ( a he>t attack 9 ,liub5sk1 ,russia1 on ,june #ba1 #aijh4 ,! exotic p]sonality & h>monic & in/rum5tal brilliance ( ,ea/]n music are (t5 enc\nt]$ 9 ,rimsky-,korsakov4 ,!y are f\nd 9 two extremely popul> exc]pts f 8 op]a ,le ,coq d'or 7,! ,gold5 ,cock]el73 8,bridal ,procession0 & 8,hymn to ! ,sun40 ,le ,coq d'or is a fantasy-op]a1 introduc$ 9 ,mosc[ on ,octob] #g1 #aiji2 ! libretto1 by ,vladimir ,bielsky1 is bas$ on a tale by ,pu%k94 ,a gold5 cock]el ) ! tal5t ( prophecy is pres5t$ to ,k+ ,dodon by 8 a/rolog]4 ,9 "t ! cock]el accurately prophesies ! doom ( bo? ! a/rolog] & ! ,k+4 ,! ori5tal1 languor\s 8,hymn to ! ,sun0 78,salut toi soleil07 appe>s 9 ! second act1 a salute by ! beautiful ,que5 ( ,%emaka4 ,aft] ! ,que5 has captur$ ! love ( ,k+ ,dodon ) ?is song1 !y m>ry4 ,!re are _m transcriptions ( ?is beautiful melody1 includ+ "o = viol9 & piano by ,kreisl] & = cello & piano by ,julius ,kl5gel4 ,! ?ird act ( ?is op]a op5s ) ! brilliant music ( ! 8,bridal ,procession40 ,! royal ent\rage passes ) pomp & c]emony ?r\gh ! city accompani$ by ! *e]s ( ! surr\nd+ cr[ds4 ,9 ! vital 8,dance ( ! ,tumbl]s0 or 8,dance ( ! ,buffoons0 = or*e/ra1 ,rimsky-,korsakov skilfully employs folk rhy?ms4 ,?is dance comes f ! compos]'s folk op]a1 ,! ,sn[ ,maid5 7,sneg\ro*ka74 ,! ?ird act op5s ) a gay ,arcadian fe/ival celebrat$ by ! ,b]5dey peasants dur+ :i* ?is gay & excit+ folk dance is p]=m$4 ,! pictorial1 reali/ic 8,flight ( ! ,bumble ,bee0 is an exc]pt f /ill ano!r ( ,rimsky-,korsakov's op]as1 ,! ,leg5d ( ,ts> ,saltan4 ,?is is an or*e/ral int]lude 9 ! ?ird act describ+ tonally1 & ) rem>kable realism1 ! buzz+ c\rse ( a bee4 ,?is piece reta9s its vivid pictorialism ev5 9 transcriptions1 notably t = solo piano by ,ra*man9(f1 & = viol9 & piano by ,ar?ur ,h>tmann4 ,! 8,h9du ,*ant0 or 8,! ,song ( ,india0 is also an op]atic exc]pt1 ?is "t f ,sadko4 ,x appe>s at ! close ( ! second tableau ( ! second act4 ,sadko is ! ho/ to ?ree m]*ants f =eign l&s4 ,he invites ea* to tell him ab\t 8 homel&1 "o ( :om is a ,h9du :o proce$s 9 an ,ori5tal melody to speak ( ! magic & my/]y ( ,india4 ,! ,russian ,ea/] ,ov]ture 7,la ,gr& pque russe71 = or*e/ra1 op4 #cf 7#ahhh7 0 "o ( ! fruits ( ! compos]'s lifelong fasc9ation = ,russian *ur* music4 ,! pr9cipal !matic mat]ial ( ! ov]ture comes f a collection ( canticles kn[n z ! ,obikhod f ! ,russian ,or?odox ,*ur*4 ,two ( ^! canticles are he>d 9 ! solemn introduction1 a section :i* ! compos] said repres5t$ ! 8,holy ,sepul*] t _h %one ) ineffable light at ! mom5t ( ! ,resurrection40 ,! fir/ is giv5 l\dly by /r+s & cl>9ets1 ! second quietly by viol9s & violas accompani$ by woodw9d1 h>ps1 & pizzicato basses4 ,a brief cad5za = solo viol9 is ! transition to ! ma9 body ( ! ov]ture :]e ! two canticles f ! introduction are amplifi$ & develop$4 ,a brilliant coda leads to ! conclusion ( ! "w :]e ! second ( ! two melodies is giv5 = ! la/ "t by trombones & /r+s4 ,rimsky-,korsakov's mo/ fam\s "w = or*e/ra is ! symphonic suite1 ,s*eh]azade1 op4 #ce 7#ahhh74 ,n[h]e is 8 rem>kable gift at pictorial writ+1 at translat+ a lit]>y program into tones1 m 9 evid5ce ?an "h4 ,?is music describes episodes f ! ,arabian ,nights 9 f\r movem5ts :i* are unifi$ by ! recurr5ce ( two musical motives4 ,! fir/ is t ( ! ,sultan1 a =ceful1 maje/ic /atem5t = unison brass1 woodw9ds & /r+s2 ! second is a t5d] melody 9 triplets = /r+s depict+ ! lovely ,s*eh]azade4 ,! ,sultan !me op5s ! fir/ movem5t1 entitl$ 8,! ,sea & ,s9bad's ,%ip40 ,aft] quiet *ords = ! brass1 ! ,s*eh]azade melody is he>d 9 solo viol9 accompani$ by h>p arpeggios4 ,! music lat] becomes highly dramatic z ,s9bad's %ip1 repres5t$ by a flute solo1 is buffet$ ab\t by an angry sea1 ! latt] portray$ by rapid arpeggio figures4 ,! poignant ,s*eh]azade motive 9 solo viol9 introduces ! second movem5t1 8,! ,tale ( ! ,kal5d>40 ,! tale is spun 9 a haunt+ song = bassoon1 dramatically contra/$ by a dynamic rhy?mic section = full or*e/ra4 ,! ?ird movem5t1 8,! ,"y ,pr9ce & ! ,pr9cess0 is a t5d] love dialogue betwe5 viol9s & cl>9ets4 ,aft] a recall ( ! ,s*eh]azade melody !re appe>s ! f9ale3 8,! ,fe/ival at ,bagdad2 ,! ,sea1 ,! ,%ip ,f\nd]s on ! ,rock40 ,a brief recall ( ! ,s9bad !me br+s on an electrify+ picture ( a fe/ival 9 ,bagdad4 ,! gay proce$+s1 h[ev]1 are int]rupt$ by a grim %ipwreck sc5e1 vividly depict$ by ! excit+ music4 ,?is dramatic episode passes1 & ! suite ends ) a f9al /atem5t ( ! ,s*eh]azade !me4 ,! ,spani% ,caprice 7,capriccio espagnol71 = or*e/ra1 op4 #cd 7#ahhg7 is "o ( ! compos]'s r>e attempts at exploit+ ! folk music ( a c\ntry o!r ?an 8 own4 ,!re are five p>ts4 ,! fir/ is a morn+ song1 or 8,alborada10 9 :i* two ma9 subjects ( ,spani% id5tity are giv5 by ! full or*e/ra4 ,?is is foll[$ by 8,v>iations40 ,a ,spani% melody is "h subject$ to five brief v>iations4 ,9 ! ?ird "p1 ! ,alborada music returns 9 a *ang$ tonality & or*e/ration4 ,! f\r? movem5t is entitl$ 8,sc5e & ,gypsy ,dance0 & consi/s ( five cad5zas4 ,! ,capriccio ends ) 8,f&ango a/uriano10 9 :i* a dance melody = trombones is succe$$ by a contra/+ subject 9 ! woodw9ds4 ,a la/ recall ( ! ma9 ,alborada !me ( ! fir/ movem5t br+s ! "w to its conclusion4 ,ri*>d ,rodg]s ,ri*>d ,rodg]s 0 born 9 ,hammels ,/ation1 ne> ,arv]ne1 ,long ,isl&1 on ,june #bh1 #aijb4 ,z a *ild he began /udy+ ! piano & att5d+ ! popul> musical !at]4 ,he wrote 8 fir/ songs 9 #aiaf1 a score = an amateur musical 9 #aiag1 & 9 #aiai creat$ ! music = ! ,columbia ,v>sity ,%[1 ! fir/ fre%man ev] to d s4 ,mean:ile he _h initiat$ a collaborative arrangem5t ) ! lyrici/1 ,lor5z ,h>t1 t la/$ almo/ a qu>t] ( a c5tury4 ,_! fir/ song to rea* ! ,broadway !at] 0 8,any ,old ,place ,) ,y0 9 ,a ,lonely ,romeo 9 #aiai4 ,_! fir/ ,broadway musical 0 ,! ,poor ,little ,ritz ,girl 9 #aibj1 & _! fir/ success came ) ,! ,g>rick ,gaieties 9 #aibe :]e ! song1 8,manhattan10 0 introduc$4 ,= ! next tw5ty ye>s1 ,rodg]s & ,h>t--frequ5tly ) ,h]b]t ,fields z libretti/--dom9at$ ! musical /age ) "s ( ! mo/ orig9al & fre%ly conceiv$ musical productions ( t p]iod3 ,de>e/ ,enemy 7#aibe71 ,! ,girl ,fri5d 7#aibf71 ,peggy-,ann 7#aibf71 ,a ,connecticut ,yankee 7#aibg71 ,on ,y\r ,toes 7#aicf71 ,babes 9 ,arms 7#aicg71 ,i'd ,r ,be ,"r 7#aicg71 ,i ,m>ri$ an ,angel 7#aich71 ,! ,boys f ,syracuse 7#aich71 & ,pal ,joey 7#aidj74 ,f ^! & o!r productions came hundr$s ( songs "s ( :i* h s9ce become classics 9 ,am]ican popul> music4 ,! be/ ( ^! 7 8,"h ,9 ,my ,arms10 8,blue ,room10 8,my ,he>t ,/ood ,/ill10 8,my ,romance10 8,! ,mo/ ,beautiful ,girl 9 ! ,_w10 8,!re's a ,small ,hotel10 8,:]e or ,:510 8,my ,funny ,val5t9e10 8,spr+ ,is ,"h10 8,fall+ 9 ,love ,) ,love10 8,i ,c\ld ,write a ,book0 & 8,bewit*$1 ,bo!r$ & ,bewild]$40 ,by ,jupit]1 9 #aidb1 0 ! la/ ( ! ,rodg]s & ,h>t musicals4 ,h>t's physical & moral dis9tegration made x necess>y = ,rodg]s to seek out a new collaborator4 ,he f\nd him 9 ,osc> ,hamm]/e9 ,,ii1 ) :om ,rodg]s emb>k$ on a new & ev5 great] c>e] z compos] = ! !at]4 ,_! fir/ collaboration 0 ,oklahoma6 9 #aidc1 an unprec$5t$ box-(fice triumph1 & a production t revolutioniz$ ! musical /age by cry/alliz+ ! concept & proc$ures ( ! musical play z oppos$ to ! musical com$y4 ,aft] t ,rodg]s & ,hamm]/e9 br\ght to ! /age su* classics z ,c>\sel1 ,s\? ,pacific1 & ,! ,k+ & ,i4 ,o!r ,rodg]s & ,hamm]/e9 productions 7 ,allegro 7#aidg71 ,me & ,juliet 7#aiec71 ,pipe ,dream 7#aiee71 ,! ,fl[] ,drum ,song 7#aieh7 & ,! ,s\nd ( ,music 7#aiei74 ,among ! mo/ fam\s songs by ,rodg]s f ^! productions--besides ^? f musical plays discuss$ bel[--7 8,a ,fell[ ,ne$s a ,girl10 8,no ,o!r ,love10 8,ev]ybody's ,got a ,home ,b ,me10 8,all at ,once ,y ,love ,h]10 8,i ,enjoy ,be+ a ,girl10 8,d1 ,re1 ,mi10 8,! ,s\nd ( ,music0 & 8,climb ,e ,m\nta940 ,! collaboration ( ,rodg]s & ,hamm]/e9 end$ 9 #aifj ) ! dea? ( ! lyrici/4 ,oklahoma61 ,c>\sel1 ,s\? ,pacific1 & ,! ,k+ & ,i h become endur+ monum5ts 9 ! ,am]ican !at]4 ,!y are cont9ually reviv$1 h be5 adapt$ = motion pictures1 & are p]petually repres5t$ at semi-classical conc]ts & on records4 ,9 :atev] =m !y appe> !y nev] fail to excite & inspire audi5ces4 ,x is 9 ^! productions t ,rodg]s has rea*$ ! highe/ creative altitudes ( 8 c>e]1 ) music ( su* expressive lyricism1 dramatic impact1 consummate te*nical skill1 & p]vad+ *>m & grace t its survival 9 ,am]ican music seems assur$4 ,rob]t ,russell ,b5nett has made skilful or*e/ral adaptations ( ! basic melodic mat]ial f ea* ( ^! musical plays1 & x is mo/ usually ^! adaptations t are mo/ frequ5tly p]=m$ by pop & semi-classical or*e/ras4 ,c>\sel is ! second ( ! ,rodg]s & ,hamm]/e9 ma/]works1 succe$+ ,oklahoma6 by ab\t two ye>s4 ,x is "o ( ! mo/ radiant ornam5ts ( our musical /age4 ,osc> ,hamm]/e9 ,,ii "h adapt$ ,f]5c ,moln>'s play1 ,liliom1 ) *anges 9 sett+1 "t1 & "s basic alt]ations ( plot4 ,9 ! musical v]sion ! action takes place 9 ,new ,engl& 9 #ahgc4 ,billy ,bigel[1 a b>k] 9 an amusem5t p>k1 falls 9 love & m>ries ,julie ,jordan4 ,a *>m+ b irresponsible "y man1 ,billy decides to get "s money 9 a holdup1 :5 he le>ns 8 wife is pregnant4 ,caught1 ,billy eludes arre/ by committ+ suicide4 ,aft] a brief /ay 9 ,purgatory1 ,billy is p]mitt$ to return to e>? = a s+le day to a*ieve r$emption1 ! price = 8 admission to ,heav54 ,on e>?1 he meets 8 daught]4 ,?r\gh h] love1 und]/&+ & =giv5ess he a*ieves 8 r$emption4 ,?us ! musical ends 9 a happy gl[ ( love & compassion :]eas ,moln>'s orig9al play end$ on ! tragic note ( fru/ration4 ,c>\sel op5$ 9 ,new ,york on ,april #ai1 #aide4 ,john ,*apman describ$ x z 8"o ( ! f9e/ musical plays ,i h ev] se51 & ,i %all rememb] x always40 ,x receiv$ ! ,drama ,critics ,aw>d & eight ,donaldson ,aw>ds4 ,s9ce !n x has (t5 be5 reviv$ besides be+ adapt$ = ! scre52 9 #aieh x 0 pres5t$ at ! ,_w's ,fair 9 ,brussels4 ,! he>tw>m+ gl[ t p]vades ! play 9 ,hamm]/e9's mov+ dialogue & lyrics 0 magically caught 9 ! score1 :i* beg9s ) an ext5d$ waltz sequ5ce = or*e/ra4 ,9 ! play ?is music is he>d "u ! op5+ sc5e :i* repres5ts an amusem5t p>k dom9at$ by a gay c>\sel4 ,?is waltz music is a self-suffici5t composition t c be1 & (t5 is1 play$ indep5d5tly ( ! o!r exc]pts4 ,! o!r ma9 musical episodes include ! love duet ( ,billy & ,julie1 8,if ,i ,lov$ ,y02 ,billy's eloqu5t & ext5d$ n>rative1 8,soliloquy10 :5 he le>ns he is ab\t to become a fa!r2 ! spiritual 8,y'll ,nev] ,walk ,alone02 ! ebulli5t 8,june ,is ,bu/9' ,out ,all ,ov]02 two vigor\s *oral episodes1 8,bl[ ,high1 ,bl[ ,l[0 & 8,?is ,0 a ,real ,nice ,clambake40 ,! ,k+ & ,i1 pres5t$ on ,m>* #bi1 #aiea1 0 adapt$ by ,osc> ,hamm]/e9 ,,ii f ,m>g>et ,l&on's novel ,anna & ! ,k+ ( ,siam 7:i* _h already be5 made into a successful non-musical motion picture />r+ ,rex ,h>rison & ,ir5e ,dunne74 ,anna1 play$ 9 ! musical by ,g]trude ,lawr5ce1 is an ,engli% s*oolmi/ress come to ,siam to tea* ,we/]n culture to ! royal pr9ces & pr9cesses4 ,h] own /rong w & ,we/]n indep5d5ce comes into %>p conflict ) ! k+1 an ,ea/]n despot enact$ by ,yul ,brynn]4 ,b !y are none!less drawn to ea* o!r1 p>tly ?r\gh curiosity1 p>tly ?r\gh admiration4 ,naturally1 s9ce !y are ( diff]5t social /ations & cultures1 a love int]e/ is out ( ! "q1 b !y are ineluctably drawn to ea* o!r1 p>ticul>ly aft] ,anna has manag$ to save a critical political situation 9 ,siam ?r\gh h] +5uity4 ,! k+ dies j be=e ! f9al curta92 ,anna rema9s on z a tea*] ( ! *ildr5 %e has come to love4 ,"p ( ! attraction ( ,rodg]s' music is its subtle ,ori5tal flavor+4 ,9 ! music--z 9 text1 sett+s & co/um+--,! ,k+ & ,i is a picture ( an 8,ea/ ( frank & una%am$ romance10 z ,ri*>d ,watts1 ,jr41 said1 8se5 ?r\gh ! eyes ( 444 !atrical arti/s ( r>e ta/e & creative p[]40 ,! ,ori5tal elem5t is p>ticul>ly pron\nc$ 9 ! or*e/ral exc]pt1 8,! ,m>* ( ! ,royal ,siamese ,*ildr510 ) its exotic syncopat$ /ructure & or*e/ration4 ,o!r popul> exc]pts f ?is score include ,anna's lilt+ 8,i ,:i/le a ,happy ,tune02 h] poignant ballad 8,hello1 ,"y ,lov]s02 ,anna's duet ) ! k+1 8,%all ,we ,dance802 h] amiable conv]sation ) ! *ildr51 8,gett+ to ,"k ,y02 ! ,k+'s n>rative1 8,a ,puzzlem5t02 also two s5sitive & atmosph]ic duets by ! two ,siamese lov]s1 ,tuptim & ,lun ,?a1 8,we ,kiss 9 ! ,%ad[0 & 8,i ,h ,dream$40 ,oklahoma61 ! fir/ ( ! ,rodg]s & ,hamm]/e9 musical plays--:i* op5$ on ,m>* #ca1 #aidc--made /age hi/ory4 ,its run ( #b1bdh p]=mances 0 ! longe/ run ( any ,broadway musical up to !n2 a national company t\r$ = t5 ye>s4 ,x 0 successfully produc$ 9 ,europe1 ,africa1 & ,au/ralia4 ,b beyond be+ a box-(fice triumph ( incomp>able magnitude1 x 0 also an arti/ic ev5t ( ! fir/ importance4 ,?is 0 musical com$y no m1 b a vital folk play ri* 9 dramatic cont5t1 & au!ntic 9 *>act]ization & backgr\nd4 ,! play ^u :i* x 0 bas$ 0 ,lynn ,riggs' folk play1 ,gre5 ,gr[ ! ,lilacs1 adapt$ by ,osc> ,hamm]/e9 ,,ii4 ,9 mak+ 8 adaptation1 ,hamm]/e9 _h to side/ep long accept$ =mulas & cli*s ( ! ,am]ican musical /age to meet ! dem&s ( ,riggs' play4 ,*orus-girl r\t9es made way = ,am]ican ballet conceiv$ by ,agnes ,de ,mille4 ,set com$y r\t9es 7 replac$ by a humor :i* rose naturally f text & *>act]s4 ,ea* musical incid5t 0 basic to ! movem5t ( ! dramatic action4 ,ev5 ! plot 0 unor?odox = our musical !at]4 ,at ! turn ( ! pres5t c5tury 9 ,we/-,indian c\ntry1 ,laurey & ,curly are 9 love1 b are kept ap>t by _! respective diffid5ce & a false s5se ( ho/ility4 ,an ugly1 le*]\s "*1 ,jud ,fry1 pursues ,laurey4 ,laurey & ,curly f9ally decl>e _! love = ea* o!r4 ,at _! w$d+ ,jud arrives inebriat$1 attacks ,curly ) a knife1 & becomes its fatal victim :5 he accid5tally falls ^u ! blade dur+ a brawl4 ,a ha/ily improvis$ trial exon]ates ,curly ( murd] & p]mits him & 8 bride to set (f on _! honeymoon = a l& t "s day w get ! "n ( ,oklahoma4 ,! play op5s at once ) its be/ musical foot =w>d1 a simple song1 8,oh1 ,:at a ,beautiful ,morn9'10 :i* has ! p]sonality ( ,am]ican folk music4 ,x is sung (f/age by ,curly4 ,aft] t ! pr9cipal musical episodes include ! love song ( ,curly & ,laurey1 8,p ,w ,say ,we're 9 ,love02 sev]al songs ) a /rong ,am]ican national id5tity1 includ+ 8,kansas ,city10 8,! ,f>m] & ! ,c[man10 8,! ,surrey ,) ! ,fr+e on ,top10 & ! title numb]2 & two highly expressive numb]s1 8,out ( ,my ,dreams0 & 8,_m a ,new ,day40 ,slaught] on ,t5? ,av5ue is "o ( ,rodg]s' mo/ fam\s or*e/ral compositions1 & "o ( ! f9e/ a*ievem5ts ( ! s*ool ( symphonic-jazz writ+4 ,?is music 0 us$ = a ballet sequ5ce 9 ! ,rodg]s & ,h>t musical1 ,on ,y\r ,toes1 fir/ produc$ 9 #aicf4 ,s9ce ,on ,y\r ,toes dwell$ 9 ! _w ( ballet1 ) danc]s z pr9cipal *>act]s1 ballet episodes play$ an important "p 9 ! unfold+ ( ! /ory2 ^! episodes 7 conceiv$ by ,george ,balan*9e4 ,! play rea*es a dramatic climax ) a jazz ballet1 a satire on gang/]s1 entitl$ ,slaught] on ,t5? ,av5ue4 ,?is is a description ( ! pursuit by gang/]s ( a ho(] & 8 girl4 ,caught up 9 a ,t5? ,av5ue caf1 ! gang/]s murd] ! girl & are ab\t to kill ! ho(] :5 ! police come to 8 rescue4 ,rodg]s' music = ! ballet is an ext5d$ & integrat$ symphonic-jazz composition :i* has won its way into ! p]man5t rep]tory ( semi-classical music4 ,x is con/ruct$ f two ma9 melodic ideas4 ,! fir/ is an impud5t little jazz tune1 & ! second is a ri* & lusci\s jazz melody = /r+s4 ,s\? ,pacific1 produc$ on ,april #g1 #aidi1 0 bo? comm]cially & arti/ically ( ! magnitude ( ,oklahoma6 ,its ,broadway run ( #a1ibe p]=mances 0 only #cbe less ?an t ( its epo*-mak+ pr$ecessor4 ,9 _m o!r respects ,s\? ,pacific outdid ,oklahoma63 ,9 ! ov]all box-(fice grossage2 9 sale ( %eet music & records2 9 ! capture ( prizes 7includ+ ! ,pulitz] ,prize = drama1 sev5 ,anto9ette ,p]ry & n9e ,donaldson aw>ds74 ,! book 0 adapt$ by ,osc> ,hamm]/e9 ,,ii & ,jo%ua ,logan f ,tales ( ! ,s\? ,pacific1 a s]ies ( %ort /ories ab\t ,am]ican troops 9 ! ,pacific dur+ ,_w ,w> ,,ii4 ,9 ! adaptation two love plots are emphasiz$4 ,! fir/ involves ! ,fr5* plant]1 ,emile de ,becque1 & ! ,am]ican ensign1 ,nellie ,=bu%2 ! o!r engages ,liat1 a ,tonk9ese girl1 & ,lieut5ant ,cable4 ,! fir/ ends happily1 b only aft] complications br\ght on by ! discov]y on ,nellie's "p t ,emile 0 once m>ri$ to a ,polynesian & is ! fa!r ( two ,eurasian *ildr54 ,! o!r love affair has a tragic end+1 s9ce ,lieut5ant ,cable dies on a mission4 ,) ,ezio ,p9za z ,de ,becque & ,m>y ,m>t9 z ,nellie1 ,s\? ,pacific 0 8a %[ ( r>e en*antm5t10 z ,h[>d ,b>nes report$1 8novel 9 texture & treatm5t1 ri* 9 dramatic sub/ance1 & eloqu5t 9 song40 ,among its prom95t musical numb]s are ,de ,becque & ,nellie's love song1 8,"s ,en*ant$ ,ev5+02 ,de ,becque's lam5t 8,?is ,ne>ly ,0 ,m9e02 ,cable's love song 8,y\ng] ,?an ,spr+time02 ?ree songs by ,nellie1 8,i'm ,gonna ,wa% ,t ,man ,"r ,outa ,my ,hair10 8,a ,cockey$ ,optimi/10 & 8,i'm 9 ,love ) a ,wond]ful ,guy02 two exotic numb]s by ! ,tonk9ese ,bloody ,m>y1 8,happy ,talk0 & 8,bali ,ha'i02 & a spirit$ & humor\s *oral numb] by ! ,m>9es1 8,!re ,is ,no?+ ,l a ,dame40 ,victory at ,sea is a n9e-movem5t suite = symphony or*e/ra adapt$ by ,rob]t ,russell ,b5nett f ! ext5d$ musical score = a s]ies ( docum5t>y films on naval op]ations dur+ ,_w ,w> ,,ii4 ,^! films 7 pres5t$ ov] ,,nbc television 9 #aieb & receiv$ bo? ! ,sylvania & ! ,george ,fo/] ,peabody ,aw>ds4 ,mu* ( ! acclaim accord$ to ^! rem>kable films belong$ to ,rodg]s' backgr\nd music :i*1 z ,otis ,l4 ,gu]nsey said1 8sugge/$ c\rage1 self-sacrifice & ! indomitable _s ( ! free man40 ,a ,new ,york] critic describ$ ,rodg]s' music z a 8seem+ly endless creation1 n[ m>tial1 n[ t5d]1 n[ tuneful1 n[ dissonant 444 memorable & trem5d\sly mov+40 ,! fir/ movem5t1 8,! ,song ( ! ,high ,seas10 is a picture ( %ips m5ac$ by ,nazi ,u-boats on ! seas dur+ ! e>ly "p ( ,_w ,w> ,,ii4 ,!y f9ally get involv$ 9 battle4 8,! ,pacific ,boils ,ov]0 describes ! beauty ( ,hawaii at peace 9 a melody sugge/+ ,hawaiian song & dance4 ,w> comes1 & ?is idyllic mood is %att]$4 ,a broad melody = /r+s end+ 9 =ceful *ords tells ab\t ! trag$y ( ,pe>l ,h>bor & ! grim bus9ess ( repair+ ! damage inflict$ ^u x by ! ,japanese4 ,! ?ird movem5t is "o ( ! mo/ fam\s 9 ! suite1 (t5 p]=m$ indep5d5tly ( ! o!r sections4 ,x is /irr+ & dramatic m>* music ( symphonic dim5sions entitl$ 8,guadalcanal ,m>*40 ,?is is foll[$ by 8,d ,day10 its pr9cipal melody a broad1 /rong subject = brass tell+ ( ! gradual build-up ( m5 & mat]ials = ! invasion ( ,=tress ,europe4 ,! fif? movem5t1 8,h>d ,"w & ,horseplay0 provides ! light] side ( w>4 ,am]ican soldi]s f9d relief f grim realities 9 mis*iev\s escapades & playtime4 8,!me ( ! ,fa/ ,c>ri]0 br+s up ! picture ( a battle sc5e & ends ) mov+ fun]al music4 ,9 8,b5ea? ! ,s\!rn ,cross0 we get an infecti\s tango melody :i* ,rodg]s lat] borr[$ = 8 hit song1 8,no ,o!r ,love10 = ! ,rodg]s & ,hamm]/e9 musical play1 ,me & ,juliet4 8,m>e ,no/rum0 recalls ! h>% realities ( w>1 fir/ by pres5t+ a s]5e ,m$it]ranean sc5e1 & !n %[+ h[ x is torn & violat$ by ! fi]ce naval attack on ,nor? ,africa1 ,sicily1 ,sal]no1 & ,anzio4 ,! suite ends on a note ( triumph ) 8,victory at ,sea40 ,a hymn ( ?anksgiv+ is s\nd$4 ,!n we he> rem9d]s ( ! 8,guadalcanal ,m>*0 & ! s$uctive tango melody f 8,b5ea? ! ,s\!rn ,cross40 ,?is tango is soon trans=m$ into a r\s+ song ( joy & triumph ) :i* ! suite comes to a magnific5t culm9ation4 ,sigmund ,romb]g ,sigmund ,romb]g 0 born 9 ,szeg$1 ,hung>y1 on ,july #bi1 #ahhg4 ,8 boyhood & e>ly manhood 7 sp5t 9 ,vi5na :]e he /udi$ eng9e]+ & fulfill$ 8 milit>y s]vice ) ! #ai? ,hung>ian ,infantry /ation$ 9 t city4 ,9 ,vi5na1 ,romb]g's lifelong int]e/ 9 & tal5t = music f\nd a favorable climate4 ,he he>d conc]ts1 haunt$ ! city's lead+ music salons1 0 a devotee ( ,vi5nese op]ettas at ! ,!at]-an-d]-,wi54 ,vi5na's influ5ce l$ him to ab&on all ?\ghts ( becom+ an eng9e]4 ,9 #aiji he came to ! ,unit$ ,/ates :]e he l$ salon or*e/ras 9 v>i\s re/aurants & publi%$ 8 fir/ popul> songs4 ,9 #aiab he 0 engag$ z /aff compos] = ! ,%ub]ts1 = ^: _m & v>i$ ,broadway productions ,romb]g suppli$ all ! music4 ,)9 a ?ree-ye> p]iod he wrote ! scores = eighte5 musicals1 "o ( :i* 0 8 fir/ op]etta 9 a ,european /yle1 ,! ,blue ,p>adise 7#aiae7 = :i* he creat$ 8 fir/ out/&+ song hit1 8,auf ,wi$]seh540 ,?\gh he cont9u$ writ+ music = _m musical com$ies1 revues & extravaganzas--includ+ "s />r+ ,al ,jolson at ! ,w9t] ,g>d5--x 0 9 ! field ( ! op]etta t ,romb]g a*iev$ significance 9 ,am]ican popul> music4 ,8 musical roots 7 s deeply emb$d$ 9 ! soil ( ,vi5na t only 9 writ+ music = op]ettas 9 ! mann] & proc$ures ( ,vi5na did he succe$ 9 produc+ a lyricism t ran ! gamut f sweetness & s5tim5tality to gaiety1 mascul9e vigor & *>m4 ,8 mo/ successful op]ettas1 :i* are discuss$ bel[1 h nev] lo/ _! capacity to en*ant audi5ces h[ev] _m times !y are reviv$4 ,romb]g began writ+ music = motion pictures 9 #aicj ) ,vi5nese ,nights4 ,out ( "o ( 8 _m scores = ! scre5 came ! poignant ballad1 8,:5 ,i ,gr[ ,too ,old to ,dream40 ,8 la/ huge success on ,broadway 0 a*iev$ n ) an op]etta b ) an ,am]ican musical com$y ) ,am]ican backgr\nds1 sett+s & *>act]s--& songs 9 a pron\nc$ ,am]ican idiom4 ,x 0 ,up 9 ,c5tral ,p>k 9 #aide4 ,8 la/ musical com$y 0 ,! ,girl 9 ,p9k ,tights produc$ on ,broadway po/hum\sly 9 #aied4 ,romb]g di$ 9 ,new ,york ,city on ,novemb] #i1 #aiea4 ,?ree ye>s aft] 8 dea? 8 scre5 biography1 ,deep 9 ,my ,he>t1 0 releas$1 ) ,jos ,f]r] play+ ! "p ( ! compos]4 ,blossom ,"t 0 fir/ produc$ on ,broadway on ,septemb] #bi1 #aiba & prov$ s successful t to meet ! dem& = tickets a second company 0 =m$ to p]=m x at a ne>by !at]4 ,!re 7 also f\r national companies runn+ simultane\sly4 ,?is musical 0 d]iv$ f ! successful ,g]man op]etta1 ,das drei ,ma$]lhaus1 adapt$ by ,doro?y ,donnelly4 ,! c5tral "* is ! belov$ ,vi5nese compos] ( ! e>ly #ai? c5tury1 ,franz ,s*ub]t1 & ! plot is built ar\nd ! compos]'s suppos$ fru/rat$ love = ,mitzi1 :o1 9 turn1 falls 9 love ) ,s*ub]t's be/ fri5d4 ,! compos]'s angui% 9 los+ h] makes x impossible = him to f9i% ! symphony he 0 writ+ = h]--& x rema9s =ev] unf9i%$4 ,?is tragic episode1 h[ev]1 has no basis 9 biographical fact & is entirely ! figm5t ( a f]tile op]etta libretti/'s imag9ation4 ,romb]g's mo/ fam\s songs 7 all bas$ on ,s*ub]t's own melodies1 & "o became a hit ( major proportions3 8,song ( ,love0 bas$ on ! beautiful ma9 !me f ! fir/ movem5t ( ! ,unf9i%$ ,symphony4 ,o!r popul> selections include 8,tell ,me ,daisy10 8,lonely ,he>ts10 8,s]5ade0 & 8,?ree ,little ,maids0--all possess$ ( t *>m1 grace & ,gemuetli*keit :i* we always associate ) ! city ( ,vi5na & its popul> music4 ,! ,des]t ,song1 produc$ on ,novemb] #cj1 #aibf1 _h = its backgr\nd ! colorful sett+ ( ,fr5* ,morocco4 ,!re ,m>got ,bonvalet is 9 love ) ! ,gov]nor's son b is be+ pursu$ by ! b&it *ief1 ,! ,r$ ,%ad[4 ,9 ! end x turns out t ! ,gov]nor's son & ,! ,r$ ,%ad[ are "o & ! same p]son4 ,! pr9cipal musical exc]pts include ! romantic duet ( ,m>got & ,! ,r$ ,%ad[1 8,blue ,heav502 ! raptur\s love song ( ,! ,r$ ,%ad[1 8,"o ,alone02 & two virile episodes1 8,sabre ,song0 & 8,fr5* ,m>*+ ,song40 ,unlike mo/ ,romb]g op]ettas1 ,maytime1 pres5t$ on ,augu/ #af1 #aiag1 did n h a =eign or exotic sett+4 ,! action takes place 9 ,gram]cy ,p>k1 ,new ,york1 betwe5 #ahdj & #aijj4 ,h[ev]1 ! tragic fru/rations ( ! love affair ( ,ottilie & ,ri*>d belong inevitably 9 ! make-believe _w ( ! op]etta4 ,ottilie is =c$ to m>ry a di/ant relative4 ,_m ye>s lat]1 ,ottilie's gr&daught] & ,ri*>d's gr&son f9d ea* o!r1 fall 9 love1 & fulfil ! happ9ess d5i$ _! gr&p>5ts4 ,! mo/ important musical numb] 9 ?is play is ! sweet & s5tim5tal waltz1 8,w ,y ,rememb]801 :i* is repeat$ sev]al times dur+ ! c\rse ( ! action4 ,o!r numb]s include 8,jump ,jim ,cr[10 8,x's a ,w9dy ,day0 & 8,danc+ ,w ,keep ,y ,"y40 ,! ,new ,moon--:i* came to ,broadway on ,septemb] #ai1 #aibh--0 describ$ by its au?ors 7,osc> ,hamm]/e9 ,,ii1 ,frank ,m&el1 & ,laur5ce ,s*wab7 z a 8romantic musical com$y40 ,its h]o is a hi/orical "*1 ,rob]t ,mission1 an #ah?-c5tury ,fr5* ari/ocrat :o has come to ,new ,orleans z a political fugitive4 ,9 ! op]etta he is a bonds]vant to ,monsieur ,beaunoir1 ) ^: daught]1 ,m>ianne1 he is 9 love4 ,:5 ! ,fr5* police arrive to take him back to ,p>is = trial1 ,m>ianne bo>ds 8 %ip ^u :i* a mut9y erupts on ! high seas4 ,! victori\s bonds]vants n[ take possession ( a small isl& (f ! coa/ ( ,florida :]e !y set up _! own gov]nm5t ) ,rob]t z lead]1 :o !n takes ,m>ianne z 8 wife4 ,?is opul5t score yields "o ( ,romb]g's mo/ beautiful love songs1 8,lov] ,come ,back to ,me10 b x is significant to po9t out t its ma9 melody 0 expropriat$ by ,romb]g f a piano piece by ,t*aikovsky4 ,o!r delightful musical exc]pts f ?is tuneful op]etta include ! t5d] ballads 8,s(tly z 9 a ,morn+ ,sunrise10 8,"o ,kiss0 & 8,want+ ,y10 & ! /irr+ male *orus1 8,/\t-,he>t$ ,m540 ,! ,/ud5t ,pr9ce1 l ,blossom ,"t1 0 bas$ on a successful ,g]man op]etta1 ,old ,heidelb]g1 once aga9 adapt$ = ! ,am]ican /age by ,doro?y ,donnelly4 ,its fir/ p]=mance took place on ,decemb] #b1 #aibd4 ,x has become "o ( ! be/ lov$ op]ettas ( ! ,am]ican !at]2 !re is h>dly a "t :5 x is n reviv$ some:]e 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! sett+ is ! romantic ,g]man ,univ]sity t[n ( ,heidelb]g 9 #ahfj4 ,pr9ce ,k>l ,franz falls 9 love ) ,ka?ie1 a waitress at ! local inn4 ,_! romance1 h[ev]1 is doom$ to fru/ration1 s9ce ! ,pr9ce mu/ r5\nce h] to m>ry a ,pr9cess4 ,romb]g's music is a v]itable cornucopia ( melodic ri*es1 includ+ z x does ! love duet ( ,ka?ie & ! ,pr9ce1 8,deep 9 ,my ,he>t10 ! ,pr9ce's love song 8,s]5ade10 & ) !m1 8,gold5 ,days0 & a vibrant male *orus1 8,dr9k+ ,song40 ,david ,rose ,david ,rose 0 born 9 ,london1 ,engl&1 on ,june #ae1 #aiaj4 ,8 family came to ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 #aiad1 settl+ 9 ,*icago :]e ,rose receiv$ 8 musical tra9+ at ! ,*icago ,musical ,college4 ,aft] work+ = radio & z piani/ ( ! ,t$ ,fiorito ,or*e/ra1 ,rose came to ,hollywood 9 #aich :]e he became music director ( ! ,mutual ,broadca/+ network4 ,dur+ ,_w ,w> ,,ii he s]v$ z musical director (1 & compos] =1 ,w+$ ,victory1 ! ,air ,corps production by ,moss ,h>t4 ,aft] ! w>1 ,rose became out/&+ly successful z musical director = lead+ radio & television programs 7includ+ ! fir/ ,fr$ ,a/aire television %[ = :i* he receiv$ an 8,emmy0 ,aw>d71 & z a compos] ( backgr\nd music = _m motion pictures4 ,he has also appe>$ ext5sively 9 ,am]ica & ,europe z gue/ conductor ( symphony or*e/ras4 ,rose is ! compos] ( sev]al in/rum5tal compositions 9 a popul> /yle t h a*iev$ consid]able popul>ity4 ,inde$1 x 0 ) "o ( ^! t he fir/ became fam\s z a compos]4 ,?is 0 ! ,holiday = ,/r+s1 writt5 & publi%$ 9 #aidc1 a ?ree-"p composition 9 :i* ! flank+ sections make effective use ( pluck$ /r+s :ile ! middle "p is ( lyrical "*4 ,holiday = ,/r+s receiv$ ov] a doz5 diff]5t record+s & sold sev]al million records4 ,fifte5 ye>s lat]1 ,rose wrote ano!r *>m+ composition 9 a simil> ve91 ,holiday = ,trombones 9 :i* virtuosity is contra/$ ) lyricism4 ,o!r in/rum5tal works by ,rose out/&+ = ei!r melodic or rhy?mic int]e/ are ,big ,b51 ,dance ( ! ,spani% ,onion1 ,escapade1 & ,our ,waltz4 ,gioac*9o ,ross9i ,gioac*9o ,ross9i 0 born 9 ,pes>o1 ,italy1 on ,febru>y #bi1 #agib4 ,he receiv$ 8 musical tra9+ at ! ,liceo ,musicale 9 ,bologna4 ,9 #ahaj he wrote 8 fir/ op]a1 ,la ,cambiale di matrimonio1 produc$ 9 ,v5ice4 ,success came 9 #ahab ) 8 ?ird op]a1 ,la ,pietra del p>agone1 giv5 at ,la ,scala 9 ,milan4 ,tancr$i & ,l',italiana 9 ,alg]i1 p]=m$ 9 ,v5ice 9 #ahac1 fur!r add$ to 8 fame & help$ make him an adulat$ op]a compos] at ! age ( tw5ty-"o4 ,9 #ahae ,ross9i 0 appo9t$ director ( two op]a companies 9 ,naples = :i* he wrote sev]al successful op]as4 ,b 8 ma/]work1 :i* came dur+ ?is p]iod1 0 n writt5 = ,naples b = ,rome3 ,! ,b>b] ( ,seville introduc$ 9 ! ,italian capital 9 #ahaf4 ,9 #ahbb ,ross9i visit$ ,vi5na :]e he became ! man ( ! h\r4 ,9 #ahbd he came to ,p>is to assume ! po/ ( director ( ! ,?tre des ,itali5s4 ,among ! op]as writt5 = ,p>is 0 ,william ,tell1 introduc$ at ! ,p>is ,opra 9 #ahbi4 ,?\gh ,ross9i 0 n[ at ! height ( 8 fame & creative p[]--& ?\gh he liv$ ano!r ?irty-n9e ye>s--he nev] wrote ano!r "w = ! /age4 ,he cont9u$ liv+ 9 ,p>is1 a dom9ant figure 9 its social & cultural life4 ,8 home 0 ! ga!r+ place = ! intellectual lite ( ! city1 ! sc5e ( fe/ive ent]ta9m5ts4 ,he di$ ( a he>t attack 9 ,p>is on ,novemb] #ac1 #ahfh4 ,ross9i 0 ! g5ius ( ,italian comic op]a 7op]a buffa74 ,8 melodies are fill$ ) laught] & gaiety2 8 h>monies & rhy?ms sp>kle ) wit & ! joy ( life4 ,he 0 at 8 be/ :5 he br\ght to 8 writ+ an infallible in/9ct = com$y1 burlesque1 & mock]y4 ,b he 0 also capable ( a lyricism fill$ ) poetry & infus$ ) he>tfelt s5tim5ts4 ,he 01 moreov]1 a ma/] ( or*e/ral effect--especially 9 8 dramatic use ( ! ext5d$ cresc5do--& highly skill$ 9 contra/+ 8 moods ?r\gh rapid alt]nation ( fa/ & sl[ passages4 ,he 0 also a d>+ innovator 9 8 in/rum5tation4 ,he is a giant 9 op]a1 b ) 8 infecti\s moods & endless fund ( melodies he is also a cr[n+ ma/] 9 semi-classical music4 ,8 ma/]work1 ,! ,b>b] ( ,seville 7,il ,b>bi]e di ,siviglia7 is z popul> ) salon or*e/ras ?r\gh its m]ry ov]ture & ma9 selections z x is 9 ! op]a h\se4 ,! ,b>b] ( ,seville is bas$ on two plays by ,beaum>*ais1 ,le ,b>bi] de ,sville & ,le ,m>iage de ,fig>o1 adapt$ by ,ces>e ,/]b9i4 ,x is a vivaci\s com$y 9 :i* ,c\nt ,almaviva1 9 love ) ,ros9a 7w>d ( ,doctor ,b>tolo :o is 9 love ) h] himself7 tries to p5etrate ,b>tolo's h\sehold by assum+ v>i\s disguises4 ,! ,c\nt & ,ros9a plan to elope1 b ,ros9a r5eges :5 ,b>tolo conv9ces h] t ! ,c\nt is unfai?ful to h]4 ,ev5tually1 ,ros9a discov]s t ,b>tolo has deceiv$ h]4 ,%e m>ries ! ,c\nt1 & ,b>tolo f9ds consolation 9 ! fact t ! ,c\nt is will+ to r5\nce ,ros9a's d[ry 9 8 favor4 ,:5 ?is "w 0 fir/ p]=m$ 9 ,rome on ,febru>y #bj1 #ahaf x 0 a dismal failure4 ,?is 0 l>gely due to a c>efully organiz$ upro> 9 ! !at] by admir]s ( ano!r fam\s ,italian compos]1 ,paisiello1 :o _h previ\sly writt5 an op]a on ! same subject4 ,a sloppy p]=mance did n help matt]s ei!r4 ,! furor 9 ! auditorium 0 s great t x 0 impossible at times to he> ! s+]s2 & ,ross9i 0 9 ! end greet$ ) hisses & catcalls4 ,b ! second p]=mance told a f> diff]5t /ory4 ,! s++ & /ag+ n[ w5t (f mu* m smoo?ly1 & ,ross9i's enemies 7 no long] pres5t to d _! damage4 ,consequ5tly ! op]a 0 acclaim$4 ,five ye>s lat]1 a t\r ( ! op]a ?r\gh\t ,italy e/abli%$ its fame & popul>ity on a solid & p]man5t basis4 ,! des]v$ly fam\s ov]ture is s mu* 9 ! c>efree & ebulli5t _s ( ! op]a z a :ole--& s felicit\sly sets ! tone = :at is soon to foll[ on ! /age--t x comes z a %ock to discov] t x 0 n writt5 = ?is "w4 ,ross9i _h actually creat$ x = an e>li] op]a1 & !n us$ x sev]al times m = v>i\s o!r /age works1 trag$ies z well z com$ies4 ,! ov]ture op5s ) a sl[ introduction 9 :i* ! viol9s (f] a graceful tune4 ,a transition ( f\r *ords leads to ! ma9 body 9 :i* /r+s d\bl$ by ! piccolo (f] a spicy little melody4 ,! same infecti\s gaiety is to be f\nd 9 ! second !me :i* is fir/ giv5 by oboe & cl>9et4 ,a dramatic cresc5do n[ leads into ! developm5t ( bo? !mes1 & ! ov]ture ends ) a vivaci\s coda4 ,besides ! ov]ture1 "s ( ! pr9cipal melodies f ?is op]a are frequ5tly giv5 9 v>i\s or*e/ral potp\rris & fantasias3 ,c\nt ,almaviva's beautiful s]5ade1 8,ecco rid5te 9 cielo0 & ,fig>o's patt] song1 8,l>go al factotum0 f ! fir/ act2 9 ! second act1 ,ros9a's coloratura aria1 8,una voce poco fa0 & ,basilio's d5unciation ( sl&] 9 8,la ,calunnia02 & 9 ! ?ird act1 ,basilio's unctu\s greet+ 8,pace e gioia sia con voi0 & ,fig>o's advice to ! lov]s to get m>ri$ 9 ha/e & sil5ce1 8,zitti1 zitti1 piano1 piano40 ,la ,gazza ladra 7,! ,?iev+ ,magpie71 fir/ produc$ at ,la ,scala on ,may #ca1 #ahag1 is also a light com$y2 libretto by ,giovanni ,gh]>d9i1 bas$ on a ,fr5* play4 ,! c5tral "* is a s]vant girl falsely accus$ ( hav+ /ol5 a silv] spoon2 %e is exon]at$ :5 ! spoon is f\nd 9 a magpie's ne/ j z ! girl is ab\t to be puni%$ at ! scaffold4 ,! ov]ture beg9s ) an att5tion-arre/+ roll on ! sn>e drum4 ,?is is foll[$ by a brisk1 m>*-l melody = full or*e/ra4 ,9 ! ma9 section1 ! pr9cipal !mes consi/ ( a s5sitive little tune = /r+s & a p]t melody = /r+s & woodw9d4 ,l',italiana 9 ,alg]i 7,! ,italian ,lady 9 ,algi]s7 is1 on ! o!r h&1 a s]i\s op]a4 ,x 0 fir/ produc$ 9 ,v5ice on ,may #bb1 #ahac1 libretto by ,angelo ,anelli4 ,9 ,algi]s1 ,l9doro & ,isabella are 9 love1 b _! romance is complicat$ by ! fact t ,isabella is s\ght aft] by ! ,mu/afa4 ,! lov]s manage to effect _! escape :ile ! ,mu/afa is involv$ 9 complicat$ rites s]v+ z 8 initiation into a secret society4 ,! solemn op5+ ( ! ov]ture has = its ma9 ?\ght a beautiful song = oboe4 ,a cresc5do !n c>ries ! ov]ture to its pr9cipal section 9 :i* two lively melodies are he>d1 ! fir/ = woodw9d1 & ! second = oboe4 ,la ,scala di seta 7,! ,silk5 ,ladd]7 is an op]a buffa :i* _h its fir/ p]=mance 9 ,v5ice on ,may #i1 #ahab4 ,! libretto by ,gaetano ,rossi 0 bas$ on a ,fr5* f>ce involv+ a "y girl :o tries desp]ately to keep secret f h] jeal\s gu>dian h] m>riage to ! man %e loves4 ,a brief & electrify+ op5+ = /r+s 9 ! ov]ture br+s on a s5tim5tal duet = flute & oboe4 ,two pr9cipal subjects 9 ! ma9 body ( ! ov]ture include a gay & sprightly melody = /r+s1 e*o$ by oboe1 & a t5d] !me = flute & cl>9et accompani$ by /r+s4 ,semiramide--introduc$ 9 ,v5ice on ,febru>y #c1 #ahbc--;is a s]i\s op]a bas$ on ,voltaire ) libretto by ,gaetano ,rossi4 ,semiramis is ! ,que5 ( ,babylon :o is driv5 by h] love = ,asur to murd] h] husb&4 ,h] lat] love life is complicat$ :5 %e discov]s t ! object ( h] passion1 a ,scy?ian1 is actually h] son4 ,semiramis is kill$ by a dagg] :i* ,asur directs at h] ,scy?ian son2 ,semiramis' son !n murd]s ,asur & assumes ! ?rone4 ,! ov]ture op5s dramatically ) a gradual cresc5do at ! end ( :i* comes a sl[ & solemn melody = f\r horns1 soon tak5 ov] by woodw9d aga9/ pluck$ /r+s4 ,a %ort transition 9 ! woodw9d br+s on a return ( ! op5+ cresc5do measures4 ,we n[ come to ! ma9 "p ( ! ov]ture 9 :i* ! fir/ !me is = /r+s1 & ! second = ! woodw9d4 ,! mo/ fam\s ( all ,ross9i's ov]tures1 m celebrat$ ev5 ?an t = ,! ,b>b] ( ,seville1 is ! "o = ! tragic op]a ,william ,tell 7,guillaume ,tell74 ,?is is p]haps ! mo/ popul> op]a ov]ture ev] writt54 ,x is mu* m ?an m]ely ! preface to a /age "w b is 9 itself an elaborate1 eloqu5t tone poem1 ri* 9 dramatic z well z musical int]e/1 & vivid 9 its pictorial & programmatic writ+4 ,william ,tell1 :i* _h its premire 9 ,p>is on ,augu/ #c1 #ahbi1 is bas$ on ! drama ( ,fri$ri* ,s*ill]1 ! libretto adaptation be+ made by ti5ne de ,j\y & ,hippolyte ,bis4 ,! h]o is1 ( c\rse1 ! ,swiss patriot :o triumphs ov] ! tyrant ,gessl] & helps br+ ab\t ! lib]ation ( 8 c\ntry4 ,9 ! e>ly measures ( ! ov]ture we get a picture ( sunrise ov] ! ,swiss m\nta9s1 its beautiful melody pres5t$ by cellos & basses4 ,a dramatic episode = full or*e/ra !n depicts an ,alp9e /orm4 ,:5 x subsides we get a pa/oral sc5e ( r>e lovel9ess evok$ by a poignant ,swiss melody on ! ,engli% horn4 ,trumpet fanf>es !n br+ on ! /irr+ m>* music :i*1 9 our "t & c\ntry1 has be5 borr[$ by radio = ! !me melody ( 8,! ,lone ,rang]40 ,! ov]ture ends triumphantly 9 tell+ ( ,william ,tell's victory ov] tyranny & oppression4 ,! contempor>y ,briti% compos]1 ,b5jam9 ,britt51 has assembl$ v>i\s melodies by ,ross9i into two delightful suites = or*e/ra4 ,soires musicales 7#aicf7 is made up ( five compositions by ,ross9i--f ,william ,tell & f sev]al pieces f a piano suite entitl$ ,p*s de vieillesse4 ,! five movem5ts are m>k$2 ,i4 ,m>*2 ,,ii4 ,canzonetta2 ,,iii4 ,tyrolese2 ,,iv4 ,bol]o2 ,v4 ,t>antella4 ,mat9es musicales 7#aida7 also gets its mat]ial f ,william ,tell & ! piano suite4 ,"h ! movem5ts are3 ,i4 ,m>*2 ,,ii4 ,nocturne2 ,,iii4 ,waltz2 ,,iv4 ,pantomime2 ,v4 ,moto ,p]petuo4 ,anton ,rub9/e9 ,anton ,rub9/e9 0 born 9 ,viakhvat9etz1 ,russia1 on ,novemb] #bh1 #ahbi4 ,he /udi$ ! piano ) ,alex&re ,villo+ aft] :i*1 9 #ahci he came to ,p>is ) 8 tea*]1 deeply impress+ ,*op9 & ,liszt ) 8 p]=mances4 ,betwe5 #ahda & #ahdc ,rub9/e9 made a conc]t t\r ( ,europe1 b 8 c>e] z a _w-fam\s virtuoso did n beg9 until #ahed :5 8 =midable te*nique & musician%ip ar\s$ ! en?usiasm ( ,we/]n ,europe4 ,aft] t he made _m t\rs ( ! _w1 8 reputation z piani/ second only to t ( ,liszt2 8 fir/ ,am]ican appe>ance took place 9 #ahgb-ahgc :5 he gave m ?an two hundr$ conc]ts4 ,he also di/+ui%$ himself z conductor ( ! ,russian ,musical ,society1 & z director ( ! ,/4 ,pet]sburg ,cons]vatory :i* he help$ f\nd 9 #ahfb4 ,he 0 "o ( ! mo/ highly honor$ musicians 9 ,russia ( 8 g5]ation4 ,he resign$ 8 po/ z director ( ! ,cons]vatory 9 #ahia1 & on ,novemb] #bj1 #ahid he di$ 9 ,/4 ,pet]sburg4 ,rub9/e9 0 an extraord9>ily prolific compos]1 8 works includ+ _m op]as1 symphonies1 conc]tos1 ov]tures1 tone poems1 *amb] music toge!r ) a libr>y ( music = solo piano4 ,ab\t all t has surviv$ f 8 l>g] works is 8 ,f\r? ,piano ,conc]to :i* is flood$ ) ,romantic ardor & is (t5 9 ! recognizable /yle ( ,m5delssohn4 ,beyond ?is conc]to1 only a few ( 8 small] pieces = piano are /ill he>d1 s delightful 9 _! melodic cont5t & s *>m+ 9 mood & atmosph]e t !y h lo/ little ( _! univ]sal appeal4 ,kam5oi-,o/r[1 ?\gh be/ kn[n z a composition = or*e/ra1 orig9at$ z a piece = ! piano4 ,actually ! "n ,kam5oi-,o/r[ belongs to a suite ( tw5ty-f\r compositions = solo piano1 op4 #aj4 ,b ! tw5ty-second numb] has become s popul> indep5d5t ( ! suite1 & 9 s _m diff]5t guises1 t its orig9al title 78,rve angelique07 has virtually be5 =gott5 & x is almo/ always ref]r$ to n[ by ! "n ( its suite4 ,kam5oi-,o/r[ is a ,russian t[n 9 :i* ! ,gr& ,du*ess ,hel5a ma9ta9$ a summ] palace4 ,rub9/e9 0 its *amb] virtuoso f #ahdh on = a few ye>s1 & :ile !re he wrote 8 piano suite1 nam+ x aft] ! ,gr& ,du*ess' resid5ce4 ,! solemn melody & its equally affect+ c\nt]melody h an almo/ religi\s "*1 emphasiz$ 9 or*e/ral transcription by a backgr\nd ( toll+ bells4 ,victor ,h]b]t made an effective or*e/ral adaptation4 ,! ,melody 9 ,f is "o ( ! mo/ popul> piano pieces ev] writt54 ,x is f\nd 9 ! fir/ ( ,two ,melodies1 = solo piano1 op4 #c1 b is mo/ (t5 he>d 9 or*e/ral transcription1 or adaptations = solo in/rum5t & piano4 ,! v]nal fre%ness ( its spontane\s lyricism has made x p>ticul>ly appropriate describ+ ,spr+time2 inde$1 v]ses ab\t ,spr+ h be5 writt5 = ?is melody4 ,! ,romance 9 ,e-flat major is almo/ z well kn[n z ! ,melody 9 ,f4 ,?is s5tim5tal melody--fill$ ) ,russian pa?os1 ye>n+ & d>k brood+--is ! fir/ numb] 9 a set ( six pieces = solo piano collectively entitl$ ,soires de ,/4 ,pet]sb\rg1 op4 #dd4 ,camille ,sa9t-,sans ,camille ,sa9t-sans 0 born 9 ,p>is on ,octob] #i1 #ahce4 ,he 0 extraord9>ily precoci\s4 ,aft] "s piano in/ruction f 8 aunt he gave a rem>kable conc]t 9 ,p>is 9 8 n9? ye> ,a compreh5sive p]iod ( /udy foll[$ at ! ,p>is ,cons]vatory :]e he won sev]al prizes1 ?\gh nev] ! ,prix de ,rome4 ,9 #aheb he receiv$ a prize = ,ode ,sa9te ,ccile1 & 9 #ahec ! premire ( 8 fir/ symphony attract$ consid]able praise4 ,f #aheh to #ahgg he 0 ! organi/ ( ! ,madele9e ,*ur* 9 ,p>is1 a position 9 :i* he a*iev$ r5[n z a p]=m] on ! organ4 ,f #ahfa to #ahfe he 0 an em95t tea*] ( ! piano at ! cole ,ni$]mey]1 & 9 #ahga he help$ organize ! di/+ui%$ ,socit ,nationale 9 ,p>is devot$ to ! introduction ( new music by ,fr5* compos]s4 ,f #ahgg 8 pr9cipal activity 0 composition 9 :i*1 z 9 all ! o!r areas 9 :i* he _h be5 engag$1 he soon became an out/&+ figure4 ,he 0 made ,*evali] ( ! ,legion ( ,honor 9 #ahfh2 ,(fic] 9 #ahhd2 ,gr& ,(fic] 9 #aijj2 & 9 #aiac ! highe/ rank 9 ! ,legion ( ,honor1 ! ,gr&-,croix4 ,he became a memb] ( ! ,in/itut de ,france 9 #ahha4 ,sa9t-,sans paid 8 fir/ visit to ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 #aijf1 & made 8 fir/ t\r ( ,s\? ,am]ica 9 #aiaf :5 he 0 eighty-"o4 ,he rema9$ active until ! end ( 8 long life1 appe>+ z piani/ & conductor 9 a ,sa9t-,sans fe/ival 9 ,greece 9 #aibj1 & p]=m+ a conc]t ( 8 own music 9 ,dieppe a ye> lat]4 ,he 0 vacation+ 9 ,algi]s :5 he di$ !re on ,decemb] #af1 #aiba4 ,?\gh ,sa9t-,sans liv$ well into ! #bj? c5tury & 0 witness to ! radical dep>tures 9 musical composition tak+ place all ab\t him1 he rema9$ a cons]vative to ! end ( 8 days4 ,he 01 f a te*nical po9t ( view1 a ma/]4 ,!re is no field ( musical composition :i* he did n cultivate ) ! mo/ consummate skill & ! be/ possible ta/e4 ,he 0 gift$ n m]ely ) a f9e lyrical gift b also at o!r times ) passion1 int5sity1 & a s>donic wit4 ,he wrote num]\s compositions 9 a light /yle1 b _m ( 8 mo/ s]i\s ef=ts are readily assimilable at fir/ he>+ & readily fall into ! category ( semi-classics4 ,! ,c>nival ( ,animals 7,le ,c>naval des animaux71 = two pianos & or*e/ra 7#ahhf7 f9ds ! compos] 9 a gay mood4 ,?is is witty1 ironic & at times satiric music4 ,! compos] reg>d$ ! writ+ ( ?is "w z a l>k1 ?\ght s little ( ! composition t he did n p]mit a public p]=mance or a publication dur+ 8 lifetime4 ,nev]!less x is "o ( ! compos]'s mo/ infecti\s compositions1 "o t nev] fails to en*ant audi5ces "y & old4 ,x 0 describ$ by ! compos] z 8a gr& zoological fantasy10 & its f\rte5 sections repres5t pictures ( v>i\s animals4 ,! suite beg9s ) a m>* 78,introduction & ,royal ,m>* ( ! ,lion10 8,l',introduction et m>*e royale du lion074 ,aft] a brief fanf>e1 sprightly m>* music is he>d4 ,we c readily guess :o is at ! head ( ! p>ade by ! lion's ro> simulat$ by ! or*e/ra4 ,aft] ?is we are giv5 a picture ( a h5 ?r\gh ! cackle 9 piano & /r+s1 & ( a cock ?r\gh a cl>9et call 78,h5s & ,cocks10 8,p\les et coqs074 ,?is is foll[$ by music = two unaccompani$ pianos int5d$ to depict 8,mules0 78,hmiones074 ,actually ?is portion 0 plann$ by ! compos] z a satire on piani/s :o insi/ on play+ ev]y?+ 9 a /rict rhy?m & un*ang+ dynamics4 ,9 ! f\r? movem5t1 8,tortoises0 78,tortues071 two amus+ quotations are int]polat$ f ,(f5ba*'s ,orpheus 9 ! ,und]world4 ,a cumb]some melody 9 a /ately rhy?m !n introduces u to ! 8,elephant0 78,l',elphant074 ,9 ?is "p ! compos]'s f9e feel+ = p>adox & incongruity ass]ts itself 9 contra/+ a pond]\s !me ) a graceful waltz tune4 ,9 ! halt+ music ( ! next movem5t1 8,kang>oos0 78,kang\r\s071 ! compos] aims 8 satirical b>bs n on ^! graceless animals b ^u conc]t audi5ces :o insi/ on talk+ ?r\gh\t a p]=mance4 8,aqu>ium0 consi/s ( a s5sitive melody = flute & viol9 aga9/ piano arpeggio figures4 ,9 8,p]sonages ,) ,long ,e>s0 78,p]sonnages longues oreilles07 donkeys are repres5t$ by a melody ) leap+ int]vals4 ,! 8,cuckoo 9 ! ,woods0 78,le ,c\c\ au fonds des bois07 consi/s ( a melody = cl>9et4 8,avi>y0 78,volire07 reproduces ! flight & s++ ( birds4 8,piani/s0 78,piani/es071 ! compos] feels1 belongs to ! animal k+dom2 ! attempt by embryo piani/s to ma/] 8 scales is "h describ$ amus+ly4 8,fossils0 78,fossiles07 quotes f\r popul> !mes f ! classics3 f ,ross9i's ,! ,b>b] ( ,seville1 ,sa9t-,sans' ,danse macabre1 & two ,fr5* folk songs4 ,satire & wit are replac$ by ! mo/ s5sitive lyricism & w9n+ s5tim5t 9 ! ?irte5? movem5t1 a section s fam\s t x is mo/ (t5 he>d ap>t f ! re/ ( ! suite1 & 9 _m diff]5t v]sions & arrangem5ts4 ,?is is ! movem5t ( 8,! ,swan0 78,le ,cygne071 a beautiful melody = ! cello 9 :i* ! /ately movem5t ( ! swan 9 ! wat] is int]pret$4 ,a dance inspir$ by ?is music 0 made _w fam\s by ,anna ,pavlova4 ,! suite ends ) ! return ( all ! prec$+ *>act]s 9 a section entitl$ 8,f9ale40 ,9 ! pres5t-day conc]t hall1 x is sometimes ! practice to pres5t ,! ,c>nival ( ,animals ) an appropriate sup]impos$ comm5t>y 9 v]se by ,ogd5 ,na% prec$+ ea* section4 ,danse macabre1 tone poem = or*e/ra1 op4 #dj 7#ahgd7 is a musical int]pretation ( a poem by ,h5ri ,cazalis4 ,! composition op5s ) a brief sequ5ce 9 ! h>p sugge/+ t ! h\r ( midnight has /ruck4 ,dea? tunes 8 viol9 & almo/ at once !re beg9s a demoniac dance1 its ab&on$ !me fir/ pres5t$ by ! flute4 ,ano!r equally fr5etic dance tune is giv5 by ,dea?1 ! xylophone simulat+ ! rattle ( bones4 ,9 ! mid/ ( ! orgy ! solemn refra9 ( ! 8,dies ,irae0 is s\nd$4 ,dawn is ann\nc$ by ! cr[+ ( a cock4 ,! wild dance dies d[n & ! danc]s disappe> 9 ! mi/4 ,! ,deluge 7,le ,dluge71 op4 #de 7#ahgf71 is an or*e/ral prelude to a ,biblical poem1 text by ,l\is ,gillet4 ,! inspiration = ?is music comes f a passage 9 ! ,g5esis3 8,& ,god rep5t$ ( hav+ creat$ ! _w40 ,solemn *ords preface a fugal passage built f a !me 9 violas4 ,aft] ?is a beautiful melody = solo viol9 unfolds symboliz+ humanity 9 its orig9al /ate ( purity4 ,! ,havanaise1 op4 #hc 7#ahhg7 is a popul> composition = viol9 & piano :i* makes effective use ( a languor\s ,spani% melody set aga9/ ! haban]a rhy?m4 8,havanaise0 is ! ,fr5* t]m = 8,haban]a10 a popul> ,spani% dance 9 sl[ _/ "t said to h orig9at$ 9 ,cuba4 ,h5ry ,,viii1 an op]a1 is rememb]$ = its effective ballet music4 ,! op]a1 ) libretto by ,leonce ,detroyat & ,arm& ,sylve/re 0 fir/ p]=m$ at ! ,p>is ,opra on ,m>* #e1 #ahhc4 ,s9ce its sett+ is ,engl& dur+ ! ,tudor ,p]iod1 ! popul> ballet music is re/ra9$1 s5sitive & graceful4 ,x is he>d 9 ! second act dur+ a fe/ival giv5 by ! ,k+ ( ,ri*mond to honor ! ,papal ,legate4 ,mu* ( ! mat]ial = ^! dances 0 acquir$ by ! compos] f a collection ( ,scotti% & ,iri% tunes & dances provid$ him by ! wife ( "o ( 8 libretti/s4 ,! ,ballet ,music is made up ( five sections4 ,! fir/ is a re/ra9$ ,introduction4 ,!n comes 8,! ,entry ( ! ,clans40 ,?is music1 x is amus+ to rem>k1 is ,engli% r ?an ,scotti% 9 /yle because ! compos] confus$ ! ,engli% ,dee ) ! ,scotti% riv] ( ! same "n & decid$ to use ! ,engli% melody 8,! ,mill] ( ! ,dee40 ,! ?ird movem5t is a 8,scot* ,idyll10 ?is "t a bright ,scotti% tune 9 ! oboe4 ,! ,ballet ,music cont9ues ) a 8,gypsy ,dance0 9 :i* a ,hung>ian-type melody = ,engli% horn is foll[$ by brisk] music ^: ma9 subject is (f]$ by ! viol9s4 ,! suite concludes ) 8,gigue & ,f9ale40 ,! ,introduction & ,rondo ,capriccioso1 op4 #bh 7#ahfc7 is = viol9 & or*e/ra4 ,! ma9 !me ( ! ,introduction is f\nd 9 ! solo viol9 9 ! second measure1 accompani$ by ! /r+s4 ,a =ceful *ord = full or*e/ra br+s on ! ,rondo ,capriccioso section1 ^: ma9 melody is pres5t$ by ! solo viol94 ,! solo in/rum5t lat] on also introduces a contra/+ second !me4 ,aft] "s embelli%m5t ( bo? ideas1 ! or*e/ra l\dly int]polates a ?ird subject :i* is repeat$ by ! solo viol94 ,all ?is mat]ial is amplifi$1 (t5 ) brilliant virtuoso passages 9 ! viol94 ,a climactic po9t is rea*$ :5 ! fir/ !me ( ! ,rondo ,capriccioso is pron\nc$ by ! or*e/ra aga9/ brok5 *ords 9 ! viol94 ,?is composition concludes ) a coda m>k$ by virtuoso passages = ! solo in/rum5t4 ,! ,m>*e h]oque1 = or*e/ra1 op4 #cd 7#ahga7 0 orig9ally writt5 = two solo pianos b lat] ! same ye> or*e/rat$ by ! compos] himself4 ,! composition is d$icat$ to "o ( ,sa9t-,sans' fri5ds1 ! pa9t] ,alex&re ,regnault1 :o s]v$ 9 ! ,fr5* army & 0 kill$ dur+ ! ,franco-,prussian ,w>4 ,?is music has a sev5-b> introduction foll[+ :i* ! pr9cipal m>* subject is giv5 by ! woodw9d accompani$ by pluck$ /r+s4 ,9 ! middle trio section a contra/+ !me is (f]$ by ! trombone aga9/ an accompany+ figure tak5 f ! e>li] m>* melody4 ,! m>* music returns 9 ! clos+ section1 b m vigor\sly ?an h]et(ore4 ,! composition ends ) a p[]ful coda4 ,le ,r\et d',omphale 7,omphale's ,sp9n+ ,:eel71 is an or*e/ral tone poem1 op4 #ca 7#ahga71 bas$ on an old leg5d4 ,h]cules is ! slave ( ! ,lydian que54 ,he disguises himself z a woman & is put to ! task ( sp9n+4 ,! :irr ( ! sp9n+ :eel is simulat$ by ! viol9s at ! beg9n+ ( ! composition4 ,! abus$ ,h]cules is !n repres5t$ by a somb] subject = ! bass4 ,soon ! :irr returns 9 an increas$ tempo to po9t up ,h]cules' return to ! bus9ess ( sp9n+4 ,! compos]'s mo/ fam\s op]a1 ,samson & ,delilah1 is repres5t$ on semi-classical programs ) its colorful1 excit+ ,bac*anale4 ,! op]a 0 fir/ p]=m$ 9 ,weim> 9 #ahgg1 its libretto 7by ,f]d9& ,lemaire7 bas$ on ! fam\s ,biblical /ory4 ,! ,bac*anale comes t[>ds ! end ( ! op]a1 ! second sc5e ( ! ?ird act4 ,at ! ,temple ( ,dagon1 ! ,phili/9es are celebrat+ _! victory ov] ,samson & ! ,hebrews ) wild revelry 9 front ( a /atue ( _! god4 ,a "p ( ^! fe/ivities consi/s ( a bac*anale to wild music ,semitic 9 melodic cont5t1 orgia/ic 9 tone colors1 & b>b>ic 9 rhy?ms4 ,! mo/ celebrat$ vocal selection f ?is op]a is ,delilah's s$uctive song to ,samson1 8,my ,he>t at ,?y ,sweet ,voice0 78,mon coeur s'ouvre ta voix074 ,! ,suite algri5ne1 = or*e/ra1 op4 #fj1 is a set ( f\r 8picturesque impressions ( a voyage to ,alg]ia10 9 ! compos]'s own description4 ,! op5+ movem5t is a prelude4 ,! sea is "h depict$ 9 a swell+ figure :ile brief snat*es ( melody sugge/ "s ( ! sights ( ,algi]s z se5 f abo>d %ip4 8,moori% ,rhapsody0 78,rapsodie mauresque07 is made up ( ?ree sections4 ,! fir/ & la/ are brilliant 9 sonority & tonal colors1 :ile ! middle "o is an ,ori5tal song4 8,an ,ev5+ ,dream at ,blidah0 78,rv]ie du soir07 is a dreamy nocturne pictur+ a fam\s ,alg]ian =tress4 ,! mo/ popul> movem5t ( ! suite is ! la/ "o1 a r\s+ 8,fr5* ,milit>y ,m>*0 78,m>*e militaire franaise07--vigor\s1 at times ev5 maje/ic1 music repres5t+ ! compos]'s delight & s5se ( security 9 com+ ^u a ,fr5* g>rison4 ,pablo de ,s>asate ,pablo de ,s>asate 0 born 9 ,pamplona1 ,spa91 on ,m>* #aj1 #ahdd4 ,z a *ild prodigy viol9i/ he made 8 debut 9 ,spa9 :5 he 0 six1 & soon !reaft] t\r$ ! c\ntry4 ,9 #ahei he complet$ ) honors a ?ree-ye> p]iod ( viol9 /udy at ! ,p>is ,cons]vatory4 ,he 0 only fifte5 :5 he initiat$ a worldwide c>e] z virtuoso :i* cont9u$ until ! end ( 8 life & plac$ him ) ! =emo/ viol9i/s ( 8 g5]ation4 ,9 8 conc]ts he featur$ prom95tly 8 own arrangem5ts & fantasias ( op]a arias z well z 8 orig9al compositions 9 all ( :i* he c\ld exhibit 8 ph5om5al te*nique4 ,"s ( 8 compositions are n[ /aples 9 ! viol9 rep]tory4 ,!y include ! ,gypsy ,airs 7,zigeu5]weis571 ,caprice ,basque1 ,jota aragonesa1 ,zapatadeo1 & ! ,spani% ,dances4 ,! ,gypsy ,airs is a fantasia made up ( haunt+ gypsy tunes & dance rhy?ms4 ,! he>t ( ! composition comes midway ) a sad gypsy song :i* f9ds contra/ 9 ! electrify+ dance melodies & rhy?ms t foll[ imm$iately4 ,s>asate produc$ f\r sets ( ,spani% ,dances1 opp4 #ba1 #bb1 #bc1 & #bf1 all = viol9 & piano4 ,! id5tifiable ,spani% melodies & rhy?ms ( folk dances are "h exploit$ mo/ effectively4 ,! mo/ fam\s ( ^! is ! ,malaguea1 a broad & s5sual gypsy melody foll[$ by a rhy?mic section 9 :i* ! click+ ( ca/anets is simulat$4 ,franz ,s*ub]t ,franz ,pet] ,s*ub]t 0 born 9 ,vi5na1 ,au/ria1 on ,janu>y #ca1 #agig4 ,he 0 extraord9>ily precoci\s 9 music & 0 e>ly tra9$ to play ! viol91 viola & organ4 ,f #ahjh to #ahac he att5d$ ! ,imp]ial ,*apel ,s*ool :]e he receiv$ a ?or\gh musical backgr\nd :ile prep>+ to be a *ori/] 9 ! ,*apel ,*oir4 ,he %[$ su* rem>kable & natural gifts = music t "o ( 8 tea*]s1 ! r5[n$ ,antonio ,sali]i1 did n hesitate to call him a 8g5ius40 ,:5 ! break+ ( 8 voice compell$ him to leave ! s*ool 9 #ahac1 ,s*ub]t 0 enc\rag$ by 8 fa!r1 a s*oolma/]1 to ent] ! field ( education4 ,= two ye>s1 f #ahad on1 ,s*ub]t taught 9 ! s*ool own$ & direct$ by 8 fa!r4 ,dur+ ?is p]iod he demon/rat$ ph5om5al f]tility z a compos] by produc+ op]as1 symphonies1 masses1 sonatas1 /r+ qu>tets1 piano pieces1 & almo/ #aej songs includ+ 8 fir/ ma/]piece1 ,! ,erlk+ 7,d] ,erlko5ig74 ,aft] #ahag1 ,s*ub]t devot$ himself completely to composition4 ,he rema9$ s+ul>ly productive ev5 ?\gh recognition fail$ to come4 ,few ( 8 works 7 ei!r publi%$ or p]=m$--& ^? t 7 he>d prov$ dismal failures4 ,he manag$ to survive ^! difficult ye>s only ?r\gh ! k9dness & g5]osity ( 8 intimate fri5ds :o lov$ him & 7 9 awe ( 8 g5ius4 ,comb9$ ) ! fru/ration 9 fail+ to attract public notice ) 8 music--& ! humiliation ( liv+ on ! b\nty ( fri5ds--0 ! fur!r trag$y ( sickness br\ght on by a v5]eal disease4 ,a conc]t ( 8 works 9 ,vi5na on ,m>* #bf1 #ahbh seem$ to promise a turn 9 8 =tunes4 ,b x came too late4 ,he di$ 9 ,vi5na on ,novemb] #ai1 #ahbh--/ill an unrecogniz$ compos]4 ,s completely obscure 0 8 reputation t = _m ye>s "s ( 8 cr[n+ ma/] works lay =gott5 & neglect$ 9 closets ( fri5ds & associates1 none ( :om seem$ to realize t !y 7 9 ! possession ( treasures4 ,s*ub]t 0 und\bt$ly "o ( ! greate/ creators ( song ! _w has kn[n4 ,8 almo/ five hundr$ art songs 7,li$]7 is an inexhau/ible s\rce ( "s ( ! mo/ beautiful1 mo/ expressive1 mo/ poetic melodies ev] put d[n on pap]4 ,he creat$ beauty z easily z he brea!d4 ,! mo/ inspir$ musical ?\ghts came to him s spontane\sly t he 0 always rea*+ = quill & pap] to get !m d[n--:e!r at 8 home1 or at ! h\ses ( 8 fri5ds1 9 re/aurants1 caf-h\ses1 & ev5 :ile walk+ ?r\gh ! c\ntry4 8,! /rik+ *>act]i/ics ( ,s*ub]t's be/ songs10 wrote ,philip ,hale1 8are spontane\s1 haunt+ melody1 a natural bir?right ma/]y ov] modulation1 a s+ul> good =tune 9 f9d+ ! "o inevitable phrase = ! prevail+ s5tim5t ( ! poem1 & 9 f9d+ ! fitt+ descriptive figure = sali5t detail4 ,8 be/ songs h an atmosph]e :i* _c be pass$ unnotic$1 :i* _c be misund]/ood40 ,b f> & beyond 8 natural gift at lyricism 0 8 g5ius 9 translat+ ! slighte/ nuances & sugge/ions ( a l9e ( poetry into tones4 ,x is = ?is v reason t he is (t5 describ$ z ! fa!r ( ! ,li$1 or art song4 ,because ,s*ub]t's melodies come f ! he>t & g to ! he>t !y h be5 /aples 9 semi-classical lit]ature by way ( or*e/ral transcription4 ,?us ?\gh !y are z l(ty & z noble a musical expression z c be f\nd any:]e1 ,s*ub]t's songs h su* univ]sality t !y are z popul> z !y are inspir$4 ,^! are a few ( ! ,s*ub]t songs t h pr(it$ f in/rum5tal adaptations3 8,am ,me]0 78,by ! ,sea071 poem by ,he9ri* ,he9e4 ,?is /ately melody seems to cat* "s ( ! va/ness & my/]y ( ! sea4 ,?is is ! twelf? song f ! song cycle ,s*wan5gesang 7#ahbh74 8,an die ,musik0 78,to ,music071 poem by ,franz von ,s*ob] 7#ahag74 ,! gl[+ melody has caught ! compos]'s wond] & awe at ! magic ( music4 8,auf dem ,wass] zu s+50 78,to ,be ,sung on ! ,wat]07 poem by ,/olb]g4 ,?is gay1 he>tfelt tune expresses ! compos]'s delight 9 float+ on ! wat]4 8,ave ,m>ia10 bas$ on a poem by ,sir ,walt] ,scott 7#ahbe74 ,?is is a melody ( exalt$ spiritual "* t\*$ ) s]5ity & radiance4 ,augu/ ,wilhelmj's transcription = viol9 & piano is a /aple 9 ! viol9 rep]tory4 8,du bi/ die ,ruh'0 78,y are ,peace071 poem by ,rueck]t4 ,an atmosph]e ( s]5ity is magically creat$ by a melody ( wondr\s beauty4 8,d] ,erlko5ig0 78,! ,erlk+071 poem by ,goe! 7#ahae74 ,?is is "o ( ,s*ub]t's mo/ dramatic songs1 describ+ ! dea? ( a *ild at ! h&s ( ! ,erlk+1 symbol ( dea?4 8,die ,=elle0 78,! ,tr\t071 poem by ,s*ub]t 7#ahag74 ,?is gay tune gives a lively picture ( a tr\t leap+ happily 9 & out ( ! wat]4 ,s*ub]t us$ ?is melody = a set ( v>iations 9 8 piano qu9tet 9 ,a major1 op4 #aad 7#ahai74 8,gret*5 am ,sp9nrade0 78,m>gu]ite at ! ,sp9n+ ,:eel071 poem by ,goe! 7#ahad74 ,aga9/ an accompanim5t sugge/+ ! :irr ( ! sp9n+ :eel1 comes ,m>gu]ite's haunt+ song z %e ?9ks ( h] lov$ "o4 8,h>k1 ,h>k1 ! ,l>k0 78,hor*1 ,hor*1 die ,l]*071 poem by ,%akespe>e 7#ahbf74 ,! melody reflects ! light-he>t$ mood ( ! fam\s ,%akespe>e v]se f ,cymbel9e4 8,d] ,l9d5baum0 78,! ,l9d5 ,tree071 poem by ,muell] is a poignant poem ( unhappy love4 ,x is ! fif? song 9 ! cycle ,die ,w9t]reise 7#ahbg74 8,/a5d*50 78,s]5ade071 poem by ,rell/ab4 ,?is is probably "o ( ! mo/ fam\s love songs ev] writt54 ,x is ! f\r? song 9 ! cycle ,s*wan5gesang 7#ahbh74 8,d] ,tod und das ,ma$*50 78,dea? & ! ,maid5071 poem by ,claudius 7#ahag74 ,?is dramatic song consi/s ( a dialogue betwe5 a "y girl & ,dea?1 ! words ( dea? appe>+ 9 a solemn melody :ile t ( ! girl 9 a brea?less entreaty4 ,s*ub]t us$ ?is melody = a set ( v>iations 9 8 /r+ qu>tet 9 ,d m9or 7#ahbd74 ,l ,bee?ov5 & ,moz>t ,s*ub]t wrote a consid]able am\nt ( popul> dance music = solo piano1 & also = or*e/ra3 ,g]man ,dances1 ,la5dl]1 & ,waltzes4 ,all h a vigor\s peasant rhy?m & ) melodies rem9isc5t ( ,au/rian folk music4 ,s*ub]t's waltzes are ( p>ticul> int]e/ s9ce he 0 "o ( ! fir/ compos]s to unite sev]al diff]5t waltz tunes into a s+le integrat$ composition4 ,! ,s*ub]t waltzes1 ea* a delight1 are f\nd 9 ,valses s5tim5tales1 op4 #ej 7#ahbe7 & ,valses nobles1 op4 #gg 7#ahbg74 ,liszt adapt$ n9e ( ! m popul> ( ^! waltz melodies 9 ,soires de ,vi5ne = solo piano4 ,! #bj?-c5tury ,fr5* ,impressioni/ compos]1 ,maurice ,ravel1 0 inspir$ by ^! ,s*ub]t waltzes to write 9 #aiaj ! ,valses nobles et s5tim5tales 9 two v]sions1 = solo piano1 & = or*e/ra4 ,m>*e militaire 7,milita]m>s*7 is a popul> little m>* 9 ,d major orig9ally = piano f\r h&s1 ! fir/ ( a set ( ?ree m>*es ga!r$ 9 op4 #da4 ,?is is "o ( ,s*ub]t's mo/ popul> in/rum5tal numb]s4 ,k>l ,tausig transcrib$ x = solo piano1 & x has receiv$ _m o!r adaptations includ+ sev]al = or*e/ra1 9 :i* =m x is und\bt$ly be/ kn[n4 ,mom5t ,musical is a brief composition = ! piano4 ,x is 9 song =m & ( an improvisational "*1 & is a g5re ( in/rum5tal composition creat$ & made fam\s by ,s*ub]t4 ,he wrote _m su* pieces1 b ! "o always consid]$ :5 ?is =m is designat$ is ,no4 #c 9 ,f m9or1 a graceful & lovable melody1 ! v ess5ce ( ,vi5nese ,gemuetli*keit1 al?\gh x is subtitl$ 8,russian ,air0 7,air ,russe74 ,fritz ,kreisl] transcrib$ x = viol9 & piano & x is1 to be sure1 famili> 9 or*e/ral adaptations includ+ "o by ,/ok[ski1 z well z v]sions = cello & piano1 /r+ qu>tet1 cl>9et qu>tet1 f\r pianos1 & s =?4 ,! incid5tal music to ,rosamunde 7#ahbc7 includes an (t5 play$ ov]ture & ano!r ( ,s*ub]t's univ]sally lov$ in/rum5tal numb]s1 ! ,ballet ,music4 ,:5 ,rosamunde 0 introduc$ 9 ,vi5na on ,decemb] #bj1 #ahbc x 0 a failure1 b ?is 0 due m to ! insipid play ( ,helm9a von ,*zy ?an to ,s*ub]t's music4 ,! ov]ture he>d ^u t occasion is n ! ov]ture n[ kn[n z ,rosamunde4 ,! latt] is "o :i* ,s*ub]t _h writt5 = an e>li] op]etta1 ,die ,zaub]h>fe4 ,a dignifi$ introduction is dom9at$ by a so>+ melody = oboe & cl>9et4 ,! tempo *anges1 & a brisk little melody is giv5 by ! viol9s2 a contra/ is (f]$ by a lyric subject = ! woodw9d4 ,! ,entr'acte ,no4 #b 9 ,b-flat major f ,rosamunde is "o ( ,s*ub]t's mo/ inspir$ melodies1 ^: beauty tempt$ ,h4 ,l4 ,m5ck5 once to po9t to x z ! pro( t ,god exi/$4 ,s*ub]t himself 0 fond ( ! melody = he us$ x twice m1 9 8 ,/r+ ,qu>tet 9 ,a m9or 7#ahbd7 & = a piano ,impromptu 9 ,b-flat major 7#ahbg74 ,!re are two musical episodes 9 ,rosamunde designat$ z ,ballet ,music4 ,! fam\s "o is ! second 9 ,g major1 a melody s sp>kl+1 infecti\s & graceful--& s full ( ! joy ( life--t once aga9 l ! ,mom5t ,musical 9 ,f m9or x embodies ! be/ ( :at today we *>act]ize z ,vi5nese4 ,fritz ,kreisl]'s transcription = viol9 & piano is fam\s4 ,rob]t ,s*umann ,rob]t ,s*umann 0 born 9 ,zwickau1 ,g]many1 on ,june #h1 #ahaj4 ,?\gh he demon/rat$ an unusual gift = music f e>lie/ *ildhood he 0 direct$ by 8 fa!r to law4 ,:ile att5d+ ! ,leipzig ,cons]vatory 9 #ahbh he /udi$ ! piano ) ,fri$ri* ,wieck4 ,9 #ahbi1 9 ,heidelb]g1 :]e he _h come to cont9ue 8 law /udy1 he complet$ ! fir/ ( 8 works to get publi%$1 ! ,abegg ,v>iations = piano4 ,he return$ to ,leipzig 9 #ahbi1 hav+ come to ! decision to make music & n law 8 lifework1 & plung$ int5sively into /udy4 ,8 ambition 0 to become a great virtuoso ( ! piano4 ,9 8 ef=ts to ma/] 8 te*nique he s abus$ 8 h&s t a slight p>alysis set 91 putt+ to re/ all hopes ( a c>e] z piani/4 ,he n[ decid$ on composition4 ,aft] an additional p]iod ( /udy ) ,he9ri* ,dorn1 he complet$ 8 fir/ major "w1 ! ,pagan9i ,etudes = piano1 & />t$ "w on 8 fir/ symphony4 ,he became active 9 ! musical life ( ,leipzig by help+ f\nd & edit+ ! ,neue ,zeits*rift fu] ,musik1 :i* became a p[]ful m$ium = fight+ = ! highe/ ideals 9 music4 ,he also =m$ a musical society call$ ! ,davidsbu5dl] made up ( ideali/ic "y musicians :o attack$ false values & phili/9ism 9 music4 ,all ! :ile 8 creative life 0 unfold+ ri*ly4 ,he wrote two unqualifi$ ma/]works = piano betwe5 #ahcc & #ahce1 ! ,c>naval & ! tudes symphoniques4 ,9 #ahdj ,s*umann m>ri$ ,cl>a ,wieck1 daught] ( 8 "o-"t piano tea*]4 ,_! love affair _h be5 ( m ?an five ye>s' duration1 b ,cl>a's fa!r 0 /ubbornly oppos$ to _! m>riage & put e possible ob/acle 9 _! way4 ,s*umann f9ally _h to seek ! sanction ( ! law c\rts be=e 8 m>riage c\ld be consummat$4 ,he n[ ent]$ ^u 8 mo/ productive p]iod z compos]1 complet+ f\r symphonies1 ?ree /r+ qu>tets1 a piano qu>tet1 num]\s songs1 a piano conc]to among o!r works4 ,9 #ahdc1 he help$ f\nd ! ,leipzig ,cons]vatory :]e = a :ile he taught ! piano1 & betwe5 #ahej & #ahec he 0 municipal music director = ! city ( ,duesseldorf4 ,aft] #ahec !re took place a />tl+ det]ioration ( 8 n]v\s sy/em1 br++ on melan*olia1 lapses ( memory1 & f9ally insanity4 ,! la/ two ye>s ( 8 life 7 sp5t 9 an asylum at ,end5i*1 ,g]many1 :]e he di$ on ,july #bi1 #ahef4 ,s*umann 0 a giant 9 ,g]man ,romantic music4 ,8 works ab\nd ) ! mo/ captivat+ lyricism1 he>tfelt emotion1 subtle moods1 & an unre/rict$ imag9ation4 ,!re is n mu* 9 ?is wond]ful lit]ature t falls naturally )9 ! category ( semi-classics--only ?ree piano pieces famili> 9 transcriptions1 & a song4 ,ab5dli$ 7,ev5+ ,song71 a g5tle mood picture 9 ! compos]'s mo/ rew>d+ ,romantic ve91 comes f ,twelve ,f\r-,h& ,pieces = ,y\ng] & ,old] ,*ildr51 op4 #he 7#ahdi7 :]e x is ! f9al numb]4 8,die beid5 ,gr5adi]e0 7,! ,two ,gr5adi]s7 op4 #di1 no4 #a 7#ahdj7 is probably ! mo/ famili> ( ,s*umann's _m songs4 ,! poem is by ,he9e4 ,! music describes ) tell+ effect ! reaction ( two ,fr5* gr5adi]s on le>n+ t _! ,emp]or ,napoleon has be5 captur$4 ,! song rea*es a p[]ful climax ) a quotation f ! ,m>seillaise4 ,! ,traeum]ei 7,dream+7 is ! sev5? numb] 9 a set ( ?irte5 piano pieces collectively entitl$ ,sc5es f ,*ildhood 7,k9d]sc5571 op4 #ae1 7#ahch74 ,l ! ,ab5dli$1 x is an atmosph]ic piece1 p]haps "o ( ! mo/ popul> compositions by ,s*umann4 ,wild ,horseman 7,wild] ,reit]7 c be f\nd 9 ! ,album = ! ,"y 7,album fu] die ,jug5d71 op4 #fh1 no4 #c 7#ahdh74 ,x 0 made into an ,am]ican popul> song 9 ! e>ly #aiej's by ,johnny ,burke4 ,cyril ,scott ,cyril ,meir ,scott 0 born 9 ,oxton1 ,engl&1 on ,septemb] #bg1 #ahgi4 ,8 musical tra9+ took place at ,ho*'s ,cons]vatory 9 ,frank=t1 ,g]many1 & privately ) ,ivan ,knorr4 ,he w5t to live 9 ,liv]pool 9 #ahih :]e he taught piano & devot$ himself to composition4 ,p]=mances ( sev]al or*e/ral & *amb]-music works at ! turn ( ! c5tury help$ e/abli% 8 reputation4 ,he also di/+ui%$ himself z a conc]t piani/ ) p]=mances ?r\gh\t ,europe & a t\r ( ,am]ica 9 #aiba4 ,?\gh frequ5tly a compos] ) avant-g>de t5d5cies--"o ( ! fir/ ,engli% compos]s to use ! mo/ advanc$ te*niques ( mod]n music--,scott is mo/ fam\s = 8 %ort pieces = ! piano :i* h be5 ext5sively p]=m$ 9 transcription4 ,8 writ+ is ma9ly impressioni/ic1 ) a subtle feel+ = s5sitive atmosph]e & moods4 ,! be/ ( ^! m9iatures1 ea* a delicate tone picture1 are3 ,danse ngre 7,negro ,dance71 op4 #eh1 no4 #c 7#aijh72 & ,lotus ,l&1 op4 #dg1 no4 #a 7#aije74 ,! latt] 0 transcrib$ = viol9 & piano by ,kreisl] & = or*e/ra by ,ko/elanetz4 ,jean ,sibelius ,jean ,sibelius 0 born 9 ,tava/ehus1 ,f9l&1 on ,decemb] #h1 #ahfe4 ,?\gh he e>ly reveal$ a pron\nc$ gift = music he plann$ a c>e] 9 law4 ,aft] a ye> at ! ,univ]sity ( ,hels9ki he f9ally decid$ ^u music4 ,f #ahhf to #ahhi he att5d$ ! ,hels9ki ,cons]vatory :]e "o ( 8 tea*]s 0 ,f]ruccio ,busoni1 aft] :i* he /udi$ 9 ,b]l9 ) ,alb]t ,beck] & 9 ,vi5na ) ,rob]t ,fu*s & ,k>l ,goldm>k4 ,he 0 back 9 8 native l& 9 #ahia1 & "o ye> aft] t conduct$ 9 ,hels9ki ! premire ( 8 fir/ "w 9 a national /yle1 ,kull]vo4 ,f !n on1 he cont9u$ produc+ works ) a pron\nc$ national id5tity ) :i* he became n only "o ( ,f9l&'s lead+ creative figures 9 music b also its prime musical spokesman4 ,9 #ahig he 0 giv5 ! fir/ gov]nm5t grant ev] be/[$ on a musician :i* enabl$ him to give up 8 tea*+ activities = composition4 ,he n[ produc$ "s ( 8 greate/ music1 includ+ mo/ ( 8 symphonies4 ,9 #aiad he paid 8 only visit to ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 direct+ a conc]t ( 8 works 9 ,norfolk1 ,connecticut4 ,aft] ,_w ,w> ,i1 he t\r$ ,europe sev]al times4 ,!n f #aibd on he liv$ 9 comp>ative seclusion at 8 home 9 ,jrv5p1 :i* attract$ admir]s f all p>ts ( ! _w4 ,sibelius wrote no?+ aft] #aibi1 b by !n 8 place 9 ! _w's music 0 secure z "o ( ! =emo/ symphoni/s s9ce ,brahms4 ,9 ,f9l& he assum$ ! /atus ( a national h]o4 ,he di$ at 8 home 9 ,jrv5p on ,septemb] #bj1 #aieg4 ,"s ( ! compositions by ,sibelius enjoy+ popul>ity z semi-classics are 9 ! po/-,romantic ,g]man /yle :i* he _h assum$ e>ly 9 8 c>e]2 only "o or two are 9 ! national idiom = :i* he is s fam\s4 ,9 ! =m] category belongs a slight1 s5tim5tal piece call$ ,canzonetta1 = /r+ or*e/ra1 op4 #fb;a 7#aiaa74 ,z its "n implies x is a small & simple in/rum5tal song = mut$ /r+s1 deeply emotional 9 feel+1 at times ) deeply somb] colorations4 ,f9l&ia1 = symphony or*e/ra1 op4 #bf 7#aijj7 is "o ( ,sibelius' e>lie/ national compositions1 & to ?is day x is ! mo/ fam\s4 ,bo? 9 & out ( ,f9l& ?is music is z mu* an eloqu5t voice = its c\ntry z its national an!m4 ,"o c g ev5 fur!r & say t m p 9 ! _w "k ! melodies ( ,f9l&ia ?an ! ,f9ni% an!m4 ,s /irr+ are its !mes1 s id5tifiably ,f9ni% 9 p]sonality & color1 t = a long "t x 0 believ$ ,sibelius _h utiliz$ national folk tunes2 b ! music is entirely ,sibelius'4 ,x op5s ) a pr\d exclamation 9 ! brass4 ,aft] ?is comes a s5sitive melody = ! woodw9d1 & a pray]-l song = ! /r+s4 ,! music n[ ent]s a dramatic phase ) /ormy passages4 ,b !re soon arrives ! mo/ fam\s melody 9 ! entire "w1 a beautiful supplication s\nd$ fir/ by ! woodw9d & !n by ! /r+s4 ,a =ceful climax ensues ) a /rong /atem5t :i* seems to be speak+ 9 l\d & r++ tones ( ! det]m9ation ( ! p to /ay free4 ,p]=mances ( ,f9l&ia play$ a prom95t role 9 ! political hi/ory ( ,f9l&4 ,:5 p]=m$ 9 its fir/ v]sion1 9 #ahii1 x 0 us$ to help raise funds = a ,press ,p5sion fight aga9/ ! suppression ( free spee* & press by ! ,russians4 ,)9 ! next two ye>s 7foll[+ a radical revision ( ! music 9 #aijj7 ! "w 0 giv5 "u v>i\s titles3 ,9 ,france x 0 fir/ p]=m$ z ,suomi & !n z ,la ,patrie2 9 ,g]many1 z ,vat]l&4 ,9 ,f9l& ! music prov$ s inflammatory 9 ar\s+ national ardor t ,russia suppress$ its p]=mances 9 t c\ntry1 :ile p]mitt+ x to be play$ 9 ! ,empire s long z ! title ,impromptu 0 us$4 ,:51 9 #aije1 ,russia made f>-rea*+ political concessions to ,f9l&1 ,sibelius' tone poem 0 once aga9 p]mitt$ p]=mances4 ,= ! next twelve ye>s x became ! national expression ( a p /ubbornly fight+ = its indep5d5ce4 ,p]=mances kept alive ! national fire to su* an ext5t t x has be5 said t !y did m to promote ! cause ( ,f9l&'s fre$om ?an all ! propag&a ( spee*es & pamphlets4 ,:5 ! ,soviets invad$ ,f9l& 9 ! fir/ /ages ( ,_w ,w> ,,ii1 ,f9l&ia once aga9 acquir$ political importance4 ,9 ! free _w1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ! music 0 us$ to speak = ! _s ( a p refus+ to accept oppression & defeat4 ,ano!r piece ( /irr+ national music t has become a light] classic comes out ( ! ,k>elia ,suite = or*e/ra1 op4 #aa 7#ahic71 ! ,alla ,m>cia section4 ,?is "w 0 writt5 = a hi/orical pageant pres5t$ by ! /ud5ts ( ,viborg ,univ]sity & consi/s ( an ov]ture1 two melodi\s sections 7,int]mezzo & ,ballade7 & ! ,alla m>cia1 m>* music ( dramatic surge & sweep1 9 :i* effective use is made ( abrupt key *anges4 ,sibelius wrote sev]al delightful ,romances 9 ! ,g]man-,romantic idiom ( 8 e>ly ,canzonetta4 ,"o ( ^! 0 orig9ally = solo piano1 9 ,d-flat major1 op4 #bd1 no4 #i 7#aijc72 ano!r = viol9 & piano1 ,f major1 op4 #gh1 no4 #b 7#aiae74 ,! =m] has become popul> 9 transcriptions = salon or*e/ra2 ! latt]1 = viol9 & or*e/ra1 & cello & piano4 ,p]haps ! mo/ fam\s ( ,sibelius' ,romances is t 9 ,c major1 = /r+ or*e/ra1 ,op4 #db 7#aijc74 ,x beg9s ) an unor?odox op5+1 unusual 9 h>monic /ructure & v>i$ 9 inflections1 b its pr9cipal melody--a s\lful song--is 9 ! traditional idiom ( an un9hibit$ ,romantici/4 ,! be/ kn[n ( ,sibelius' ,romantic compositions1 a univ]sal favorite ) salon or*e/ras1 is ! ,valse ,tri/e1 = or*e/ra1 op4 #dd 7#aijc74 ,?is is a section f ! incid5tal music = ,kuolema1 a play by ,sibelius' bro!r-9-law1 ,arvid ,ja]nefelt2 b x is ! only "o f ?is score to get publi%$4 ,?is sl[ & lugubri\s melody1 ba!d 9 s5tim5tality1 is a lit]al musical int]pretation ( ! foll[+ program1 translat$ by ,rosa ,newm>*3 8,x is night4 ,! son :o has be5 wat*+ by ! b$side ( 8 sick "m has fall5 asleep f %e] we>9ess4 ,gradually a ruddy light is reflect$ ?r\gh ! room2 !re is a s\nd ( di/ant music2 ! gl[ & ! music /eal ne>] until ! /ra9s ( a valse melody float di/9ctly to our e>s4 ,! sleep+ "m awak5s1 rises f h] b$1 &1 9 h] long :ite g>m5t :i* takes ! semblance ( a ball dress1 beg9s to move sl[ly & sil5tly to & fro4 ,%e waves h] h&s & beckons 9 "t to ! music1 z ?\gh %e 7 summon+ a cr[d ( invisible gue/s4 ,& n[ !y appe>1 ^! /range vision>y c\ples1 turn+ & glid+ to an une>?ly valse rhy?m4 ,! dy+ woman m+les ) ! danc]s1 %e /rives to make !m look into h] eyes1 b ! %ad[y gue/s "o & all avoid h] glance4 ,!n %e seems to s9k exhau/$ on h] c\*1 & ! music breaks (f4 ,b pres5tly %e ga!rs all h] /r5g? & invokes ! dance once aga9 ) m en]getic ge/ures ?an be=e4 ,back come ! %ad[y danc]s1 gyrat+ 9 a wild1 mad rhy?m4 ,! weird gaiety rea*es a climax2 !re is a knock at ! door1 :i* flies wide op52 ! "m utt]s a despair+ cry2 ! spectral gue/s vani%2 ! music dies away4 ,dea? /&s on ! ?re%old40 ,*ri/ian ,s9d+ ,*ri/ian ,s9d+ 0 born 9 ,kongsb]g1 ,norway1 on ,janu>y #aa1 #ahef4 ,aft] att5d+ ! ,leipzig ,cons]vatory f #ahgg to #ahha he settl$ 9 ,oslo z a tea*] ( ! piano4 ,8 fir/ publi%$ composition 0 a piano qu9tet 9 #ahhd1 & 9 #ahhe he direct$ a conc]t ( 8 own music 9 ,oslo4 ,?\gh he wrote 9 l>ge =ms1 includ+ symphonies1 conc]tos1 suites1 tone poems & v>i\s *amb]-music compositions1 he is be/ kn[n = 8 small] pieces = ! piano4 ,9 #ahij he receiv$ an annual subsidy f 8 gov]nm5t to enable him to devote himself completely to composition4 ,"o ( ,norway's mo/ significant compos]s1 he 0 giv5 a h&some life p5sion 9 #aiae1 & 9 #aiaf an additional gov]nm5t gift ( #cj1jjj cr[ns4 ,9 #aiba-aibb he visit$ ! ,unit$ ,/ates :5 he s]v$ = "o season z a memb] ( ! faculty ( ! ,ea/man ,s*ool ( ,music4 ,he di$ 9 ,oslo on ,decemb] #c1 #aida4 ,8 small] pieces = ! piano include etudes1 waltzes1 caprices1 int]mezzos & v>i\s descriptive compositions4 ,x is by "o ( ! la/ t he is mo/ (t5 rememb]$1 a favorite ( "y piani/s ?r\gh\t ! _w1 & ( salon & pop or*e/ras 9 in/rum5tal adaptations4 ,?is is ! ev]-popul> ,ru/le ( ,spr+ 7,fruehl+sraus*571 probably ! mo/ popul> piece ( music describ+ ! v]nal season4 ,?is is ! second ( ,six ,pieces1 = solo piano1 ,op4 #cb 7#ahif74 ,! ru/le c be f\nd 9 ! accompanim5t1 aga9/ :i* moves a s(t1 s5tim5tal song fill$ ) all ! magic ( ,nature's rebir? at spr+time4 ,9 ?is same suite1 a second numb] ( m>k$ly contra/+ nature1 has also become famili>--! fir/ numb]1 play$ 9 a vigor\s & pic>esque /yle1 ! ,m>*e grotesque4 ,leone ,s9igaglia ,leone ,s9igaglia 0 born 9 ,tur91 ,italy1 on ,augu/ #ad1 #ahfh4 ,8 prelim9>y music /udy took place at ! ,liceo ,musicale ( 8 native city & 0 complet$ ) ,m&yczewski 9 ,vi5na & ,dvok 9 ,prague4 ,! latt] enc\rag$ him to write music 9 a national ,italian idiom4 ,x 0 9 ?is /yle t he creat$ 8 e>lie/ significant compositions1 ! fir/ be+ ,danze piemontesi1 introduc$ 9 ,tur9 9 #aije1 ,toscan9i conduct+4 ,lat] works includ$ ,rapsodia piemontese = viol9 & or*e/ra2 ,piemonte1 = or*e/ra2 a viol9 conc]to2 & v>i\s works = *amb] music gr\ps1 solo in/rum5ts & or*e/ra4 ,he di$ 9 ,tur9 on ,may #af1 #aidd4 ,8 be/ kn[n & mo/ frequ5tly play$ composition is a gay1 infecti\s little conc]t ov]ture1 ,le ,b>uffe *iozzotte 7,! ,qu>rels ( ! ,p ( ,*iozzo71 op4 #cb 7#aijg74 ,x 0 inspir$ by ! ,goldoni com$y ( ! same "n :i* (f]s an amus+ picture ( life 9 ! little t[n ( ,*iozzo4 ,!re ,lucietto & ,tita are 9 love1 qu>rel1 & become reconcil$ ?r\gh ! m9i/rations ( ! magi/rate4 ,a l\d !me = full or*e/ra provides ! ov]ture ) a boi/]\s beg9n+4 ,a pass+ t5d] ?\ght !n comes z contra/4 ,aft] "s elaboration ( ^! ideas1 a delightful folk song is he>d fir/ 9 ! oboe1 & !n 9 viol9s4 ,! tempo n[ quick5s1 ! mood becomes re/less1 & ! music gr[s sprightly4 ,an amus+ little episode n[ appe>s 9 woodw9d & viol9s aft] :i* ! folk song & ! l\d op5+ !me are recall$4 ,piemonte1 a suite = or*e/ra1 op4 #cf is a *>m+ f\r-movem5t composition 9 :i* ! folk melodies & dances ( ,pi$mont are prom95tly us$4 ,! fir/ movem5t1 8,ov] ,woods & ,fields10 op5s ) a folk tune1 :i* ! compos] repeats 9 ! f9ale4 ,two o!r delightful ideas foll[3 ! fir/ 9 ! horn1 repeat$ by ! cellos2 ! second 9 mut$ fir/ viol9s4 ,9 ! second movem5t1 8,a ,ru/ic ,dance10 ! pr9cipal ,pi$mont dance tune is he>d 9 solo viol9 & oboe2 a second subject occurs aft] ! developm5t ( ! fir/ 9 l[] /r+s & woodw9d4 ,! he>t ( ! ?ird movem5t1 8,9 ! ,sacr$ ,m\nta910 is a folk song fir/ (f]$ by ! horns1 accompani$ by cellos & d\ble basses4 ,! suite ends ) a picture ( a fe/ival1 8,pi$montese ,c>nival10 its two vigor\s ideas he>d respectively 9 full or*e/ra1 & 9 trumpet & fir/ viol9s4 ,b$i* ,smetana ,b$i* ,smetana 0 born 9 ,leitomis*l1 ,bohemia1 on ,m>* #b1 #ahbd4 ,?\gh he 0 int]e/$ 9 music f *ildhood on1 he receiv$ little tra9+ until 8 n9ete5? ye> :5 he came to ,prague & /udi$ ) ,josef ,proks*4 ,= sev]al ye>s aft] ! completion ( 8 music /udy he work$ z tea*] ( music = ,c\nt ,leopold ,?un4 ,he soon became active 9 ! musical life ( 8 c\ntry2 9 #ahdh he 0 a significant =ce 9 ! creation ( ,prague's fir/ music s*ool4 ,9 #ahdi1 ,smetana 0 appo9t$ piani/ to ,f]d9& ,i1 ! =m] ,emp]or ( ,au/ria resid+ 9 ,prague4 ,f #ahef to #ahfa ,smetana liv$ 9 ,go!nburg1 ,sw$51 :]e he 0 active z conductor1 tea*]1 & piani/4 ,aft] return+ to 8 native l& 9 #ahfa he became "o ( its dom9ant musical figures4 ,he s]v$ z director ( ! music s*ool1 conduct$ a *orus1 wrote music criticisms1 f\nd$ & direct$ a drama s*ool1 & organiz$ ! ,society ( ,arti/s4 ,he also wrote a succession ( major works 9 :i* ! cause ( ,bohemian nationalism 0 esp\s$ s vigor\sly & imag9atively t ,smetana has s9ce become recogniz$ z ! fa!r ( ,bohemian national music4 ,8 mo/ significant works are ! folk op]a1 ,! ,b>t]$ ,bride1 & a cycle ( or*e/ral tone poems collectively entitl$ ,my ,c\ntry 7,m ,vla/74 ,smetana 0 /rick5 by deafness 9 #ahgd1 despite :i* he cont9u$ creat+ important works1 among !m be+ op]as & an autobiographical /r+ qu>tet call$ ,f ,my ,life 7,aus me9em ,leb574 ,total deafness 0 supplem5t$ by insanity 9 #ahhc :i* necessitat$ conf9em5t 9 an asylum 9 ,prague :]e he di$ on ,may #ab1 #ahhd4 ,! ri* folk melodies & pulsat+ folk rhy?ms ( native dance music ov]fl[ 9 ,smetana's music1 provid+ x ) mu* ( its vitality & popul> int]e/4 ,smetana's gift at writ+ music 9 ! /yle1 idiom1 & te*niques ( ,bohemian folk dances is evid5t 9 _m ( 8 compositions1 b n[h]e m successfully ?an 9 8 delightful folk comic op]a1 ,! ,b>t]$ ,bride 7,prodan neveta74 ,?is little op]a1 fir/ p]=m$ 9 ,prague on ,may #cj1 #ahff1 is ! f\ndation on :i* ,bohemian national music re/s securely4 ,x is a gay1 lively picture ( life 9 a small ,bohemian village4 ,! pr9cipal action involves ! ef=ts ( ! village mat*mak] to get ,m>ie m>ri$ to ,w5zel1 a dim-witt$1 /utt]+ son ( ! t[n's weal?y l&[n]4 ,b ,m>ie is 9 love ) ,hans :o1 z x turns out1 is also ! son ( ! same l&[n]1 ?\gh by a previ\s m>riage4 ,?r\gh trick]y1 ,hans manages to w9 ,m>ie1 ?\gh = a :ile matt]s become complicat$ :5 ,m>ie is l$ to believe t ,hans has des]t$ h]4 ,9 its fir/ v]sion1 ,! ,b>t]$ ,bride 0 pres5t$ z a play 7by ,k>el ,sab9a7 ) incid5tal music by ,smetana4 ,realiz+ t ?is "w _h op]atic possibilities1 ,smetana amplifi$ & revis$ 8 score1 & wrote recitatives = ! spok5 dialogue4 ,9 ?is new ext5d$ =m ! op]a 0 he>d 9 ,vi5na 9 #ahib & 0 a s5sation2 f !n on1 & to ! pres5t "t1 x has rema9$ "o ( ! mo/ lovable comic op]as ev] writt54 ,!re are ?ree colorful & dynamic folk dances 9 ?is op]a :i* contribute p[]fully to ! ov]all national id5tity1 b ^: impact on audi5ces is by no means lo/ :5 he>d ap>t f ! /age action4 8,! ,dance ( ! ,com$ians0 appe>s 9 ! ?ird act1 :5 a circus tr\pe appe>s 9 ! village squ>e & ent]ta9s villag]s ) a spirit$ dance4 ,! 8,furiant0--a fi]y type ( ,bohemian dance ) m>k$ cross rhy?ms--comes 9 ! second act :5 villag]s ent] ! local inn & p]=m a ,corybantic dance4 ,! 8,polka10 a favorite ,bohemian dance1 comes z an excit+ f9i% to ! fir/ act z local resid5ts give v5t to _! holiday spirits dur+ a fe/ival 9 ! village squ>e4 ,! eff]vesc5t ov]ture :i* prec$es ! fir/ act is z popul> z ! dances4 ,! m]ry fir/ !me is giv5 by /r+s & woodw9d 9 unison aga9/ /rong *ords 9 brasses & timpani4 ,?is subject is simplifi$1 at times 9 a fugal /yle1 & is br\ght to a climax be=e a second %ort subject is /at$ by ! oboe4 ,/ill a ?ird *>m+ folk tune appe>s1 9 viol9s & cellos1 be=e ! fir/ ma9 subject is recall$ & develop$4 ,! coda1 bas$ on ?is fir/ !me1 c>ries ! ov]ture to a lively conclusion4 ,gu/av ,mahl]1 ! em95t music director ( ! ,vi5na ,royal ,op]a :i* gave ?is op]a its fir/ major success outside ,bohemia1 felt ?is ov]ture 0 s mu* 9 ! _s ( ! entire "w1 & s basic to its ov]all mood & /ructure1 t he pref]r$ us+ x be=e ! second act s t latecom]s into ! op]a h\se might n miss x4 ,smetana's mo/ fam\s "w = or*e/ra comes f 8 cycle ( six national tone poems entitl$ ,my ,c\ntry 7,m ,vla/71 :i* he wrote betwe5 #ahgd & #ahgi 9 a tonal tribute to 8 native l&4 ,ea* ( ! tone poems is a picture ( a diff]5t facet ( ,bohemian life1 geography1 & backgr\nd4 ,! mo/ fam\s composition ( ?is set is ,! ,moldau 7,vltava71 a portrait ( ! fam\s ,bohemian riv]4 ,?is is a lit]al tonal repres5tation ( ! foll[+ descriptive program int]polat$ by ! compos] 9 8 publi%$ score3 8,two spr+s gu% =? 9 ! %ade ( ! ,bohemian =e/1 ! "o w>m & sp\t+1 ! o!r cold & tranquil4 ,_! waves1 gayly ru%+ onw>d ov] _! rocky b$s1 unite & gli/5 9 ! rays ( ! morn+ sun4 ,! =e/ brook1 fa/ hurry+ on1 becomes ! riv] ,vltava1 :i*1 fl[+ ev] on ?r\gh ,bohemia's valleys1 gr[s to be a mighty /ream2 x fl[s ?r\gh ?ick woods 9 :i* ! joy\s noise ( ! hunt & ! notes ( ! hunt]'s horn are he>d ev] ne>] & ne>]2 x fl[s ?r\gh grass-gr[n pa/ures & l[l&s :]e a w$d+ fea/ is celebrat$ ) song & danc+4 ,at night ! wood & wat] nymphs revel 9 its %9+ waves1 9 :i* _m =tresses & ca/les are reflect$ z witnesses ( ! pa/ glory ( knigh?ood & ! vani%$ w>like fame ( bygone ages4 ,at ,/4 ,john ,rapids ! /ream ru%es on1 w9d+ 9 & out ?r\gh ! cat>acts1 & hews out a pa? = itself ) its foam+ waves ?r\gh ! rocky *asm into ! broad riv] b$ 9 :i* x fl[s on 9 maje/ic repose t[>d ,prague1 welcom$ by "t-honor$ ,vysehrad1 :]eupon x vani%es 9 ! f> di/ance f ! poet's gaze40 ,! rippl+ fl[ ( ! riv] ,moldau is portray$ by fa/ figures 9 ! /r+s1 ! backgr\nd = a broad & s5sual folk song repres5t+ ! riv] itself he>d 9 viol9s & woodw9d4 ,hunt+ calls are s\nd$ by ! horns1 aft] :i* a lu/y peasant dance erupts f ! full or*e/ra4 ,nymphs & naiads disport to ! /ra9s ( a brief figure 9 ! woodw9d4 ,a transition by ! w9d br+s back ! beautiful ,moldau song4 ,a climax is built up1 aft] :i* ! sett+ becomes once aga9 s]5e4 ,! ,moldau cont9ues its s]5e c\rse t[>ds ,prague4 ,john ,philip ,s\sa ,john ,philip ,s\sa1 ,am]ica's =emo/ compos] ( m>* music1 0 born 9 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c41 on ,novemb] #f1 #ahed4 ,! son ( a trombone play] 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,m>9e ,b&1 ,john ,philip e>ly receiv$ music in/ruction1 ma9ly ! viol9 f ,john ,esputa4 ,:5 he 0 ab\t ?irte51 ,john enli/$ 9 ! ,m>9e ,corps :]e he play$ 9 its b& = two ye>s4 ,= sev]al ye>s aft] t he play$ ! viol9 9 & conduct$ ! or*e/ras ( v>i\s !at]s2 9 ! summ] ( #ahgg he play$ 9 an or*e/ra conduct$ by ,jacques ,(f5ba* at ! ,philadelphia ,c5t5nial ,exposition4 ,betwe5 #ahhj & #ahib he 0 ! musical director ( ! ,m>9e ,b&4 ,x 0 dur+ ?is p]iod t he wrote 8 fir/ fam\s m>*es4 ,9 #ahib he =m$ a b& ( 8 own ) :i* he t\r$ ,europe & ,am]ica = _m ye>s1 & ) :i* he gave m ?an a ?\s& conc]ts4 ,8 mo/ popul> m>*es 7toge!r ) 8 be/ transcriptions = b& ( national ballads & patriotic airs7 7 always ! highlights ( 8 conc]ts4 ,besides ! m>*es1 ,s\sa wrote ! music = num]\s comic op]as1 ! mo/ fam\s be+ ,el ,capitan 7#ahif7 & ,! ,bride ,elect 7#ahih74 ,9 #aiah ,s\sa & 8 b& 7 he>d 9 ! ,hippodrome extravaganza1 ,ev]y?+4 ,he publi%$ 8 autobiography1 ,m>*+ ,along1 9 #aibh1 & di$ 9 ,read+1 ,p5nsylvania1 on ,m>* #f1 #aicb4 ,9 ! clos+ ye>s ( ! #ai? c5tury1 & 9 ! fir/ "p ( ! #bj?1 ,am]ica 0 und]go+ expansion 9 _m directions3 art1 sci5ce1 lit]ature1 comm]ce1 f9ance1 _w affairs4 ,h& 9 h& ) ?is developm5t & gr[? came an ar\s$ patriotism & an exp&+ *auv9ism4 ,s\sa's m>*es 7 ! voice ( ?is new & int5se national consci\sness4 ,z ,sigmund ,spae? has po9t$ out1 mo/ ( ,s\sa's fam\s m>*es foll[ a simil> patt]n1 beg9n+ ) 8an arre/+ introduction1 !n us+ a light1 skipp+ rhy?m = 8 fir/ melody1 go+ f t into a broad] tune10 !n progress+ to ! pr9cipal m>* melody4 ,a massive climax is f9ally realiz$ ) new1 vibrant colors be+ realiz$ 9 ! ma9 m>* melody ?r\gh /rik+ new comb9ations ( in/rum5ts4 ,! foll[+ are "s ( ,s\sa's mo/ popul> m>*es3 ,el ,capitan 7#ahif7 0 adapt$ f a *oral passage f ! comic op]a ( ! same "n4 ,?is music 0 play$ abo>d ,admiral ,dewey's flag%ip1 ,olympia1 :5 x /eam$ d[n ,manila ,bay = battle dur+ ! ,spani%-,am]ican ,w>4 ,& x 0 aga9 he>d1 ?is "t p]=m$ by ,s\sa's own b&1 :5 ,dewey 0 welcom$ z a conqu]+ h]o 9 ,new ,york on ,septemb] #cj1 #aijj4 ,k+ ,cotton 7#ahie7 0 writt5 on ! occasion ( ! engagem5t ( ! ,s\sa ,b& at ! ,cotton ,/ates ,exposition4 ,semp] ,fideles 7#ahhh7 0 ,s\sa's fir/ fam\s composition 9 m>* tempo1 & to ?is day x is /ill "o ( 8 be/ kn[n m>*es1 a p]5nial favorite ) p>ades ( all k9ds4 ,s9ce ,s\sa sold ?is m>* outright = #ce4jj he nev] capitaliz$ on its imm5se popul>ity4 ,s\sa's ma/]piece--& probably "o ( ! mo/ fam\s m>*es ev] writt5--0 ! ,/>s & ,/ripes ,=ev]1 complet$ on ,april #bf1 #ahig4 ,9 #ahig ,s\sa 0 a t\ri/ 9 ,italy :5 he he>d ! news t 8 fri5d & manag] _h di$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,s\sa decid$ to return home4 ,abo>d ! ,teutonic a m>* melody kept haunt+ him4 ,z soon z he came home he put ! melody d[n on pap]1 & x became ! pr9cipal subject ( 8,! ,/>s & ,/ripes ,=ev]40 ,?is pr9cipal melody a*ieves an un=gettable climax 9 ! m>* :5 x is pr\dly ?und]$ by ! full or*e/ra to figurations 9 ! piccolo4 ,! ,?und]] & ,! ,wa%+ton ,po/ ,m>* 7 writt5 9 #ahhi4 ,! latt] 0 commission$ by ! ,wa%+ton ,po/ = ! c]emonies att5d+ ! pres5tation ( prizes 9 a /ud5t essay conte/4 ,among ,s\sa's o!r m>*es are ,! ,bride ,elect 7#ahig7 f ! comic op]a ( ! same "n2 ,! ,faire/ ( ! ,fair 7#aijh72 ,h&s ,across ! ,sea 7#ahii72 ,inv9cible ,eagle 7#aija72 & ,sab] & ,spurs 7#aiae7 d$icat$ to ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,cavalry4 ,x 0 long ma9ta9$ t ,s\sa 0 ! compos] ( ! fam\s hymn ( ! ,artill]y bran* ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates arm$ s]vices1 8,! ,caisson ,song40 ,s\sa play$ ?is m>* 9 8 own brilliant new b& arrangem5t at a ,lib]ty ,loan ,drive at ! ,hippodrome1 9 ,new ,york1 9 #aiah4 ,= "s "t !reaft] ,s\sa 0 cr$it$ z be+ ! compos]4 ,b fur!r rese>* reveal$ ! fact t ! words & music _h be5 writt5 9 #aijh by ,edmund ,l4 ,grub]1 !n a lieut5ant ) ! #e? ,artill]y 9 ! ,philipp9es4 ,oley ,speaks ,oley ,speaks 0 born 9 ,canal ,w9*e/]1 ,ohio1 on ,june #bh1 #ahgd4 ,he receiv$ 8 musical tra9+1 pr9cipally 9 voice1 f v>i\s tea*]s includ+ ,arm\r ,gall[ay & ,emma ,?ursby4 ,he !n fill$ ! po/ ( b>itone soloi/ at *ur*es 9 ,clevel&1 ,ohio1 & ,new ,york ,city1 includ+ ! ,/4 ,?omas ,*ur* 9 ,new ,york f #aija to #aijf4 ,he also fill$ num]\s engagem5ts 9 song recitals & p]=mances ( oratorios4 ,he di$ 9 ,new ,york ,city on ,augu/ #bg1 #aidh4 ,speaks 0 ! compos] ( m ?an #bej publi%$ art songs :i* h plac$ him 9 a front rank among ,am]ican song compos]s4 ,?ree h become out/&+ly popul>2 !re is h>dly a male s+] any:]e :o has n sung su* all-"t favorites z 8,morn+10 8,on ! ,road to ,m&alay0 & 8,sylvia10 ea* ( :i* is among ! mo/ widely circulat$ & mo/ frequ5tly he>d art songs by an ,am]ican4 8,morn+10 words by ,frank ,l4 ,/anton1 0 publi%$ 9 #aiaj4 ,:]e 8,morn+0 is lyrical1 8,on ! ,road to ,m&alay0 7publi%$ 9 #aijg7 is dramatic1 a sett+ ( ! fam\s poem by ,rudy>d ,kipl+4 ,! p]si/5t rhy?mic backgr\nd sugge/+ drum beats1 & ! effective key *ange f v]se to *orus1 h an inescapable effect on li/5]s4 8,sylvia10 poem by ,cl9ton ,scoll>d1 publi%$ 9 #aiad1 is 9 a s5tim5tal mood1 & l 8,morn+0 reveals ! compos]'s m>k$ gift = s5sitive lyricism4 ,rob]t ,/olz ,rob]t ,/olz 0 born 9 ,graz1 ,au/ria1 on ,augu/ #be1 #ahhb4 ,8 p>5ts 7 musical1 8 fa!r be+ a successful conductor & tea*]1 & 8 "m a conc]t piani/4 ,rob]t's music /udy took place fir/ ) 8 fa!r1 !n ) ,rob]t ,fu*s 9 ,vi5na & ,hump]d9ck 9 ,b]l94 ,9 #aija he assum$ 8 fir/ po/ z conductor1 at an op]a h\se 9 ,brunn4 ,:5 he 0 tw5ty-five he 0 appo9t$ conductor ( ! ,!at]-an-d]-,wi5 9 ,vi5na :]e he rema9$ twelve ye>s1 direct+ mo/ ( ! ma/]works 9 ! field ( ,au/rian & ,g]man op]ettas4 ,8 own c>e] z compos] ( op]ettas _h begun 9 #aijc ) ,s*o5 ,lor*5 produc$ 9 ,salzburg4 ,s9ce !n ,/olz has writt5 music = ab\t sixty op]ettas1 scores = m ?an eighty films1 & a ?\s& songs 9 all4 ,8 music is 9 ! light1 graceful1 ebulli5t /yle t has *>act]iz$ ,vi5nese op]etta music s9ce ! "t ( ,johann ,/rauss ,,ii4 ,8 mo/ fam\s op]ettas are3 ,die lu/ig5 ,weib] von ,wi5 7#aiji71 ,die ,gluecksma$el 7#aiaj71 ,die ,tanzgraef9 7#aiba71 ,pepp9a 7#aica71 ,zwei ,h]z5 9 dreivi]tel ,takt 7#aicc71 ,fruehl+ im ,prat] 7#aidi7 & ,k>neval 9 ,wi5 7#aiej74 ,9 #aich ,/olz came to ! ,unit$ ,/ates :]e = sev]al ye>s he work$ 9 ,hollywood4 ,aft] ! end ( ,_w ,w> ,,ii he return$ to ,vi5na1 rema9+ active z a compos] n only 9 t city b also 9 ,b]l9 & ,london4 ,/olz' mo/ fam\s song is 8,im ,prat] bluehn wi$] die ,baeume0 78,9 ! ,prat] ! ,trees ,are ,aga9 ,bloom+071 a gl[+ hymn n only to a di/rict 9 ,vi5na fam\s = its frolic & amusem5t b ev5 m s to ! city ( ,vi5na itself4 ,a waltz f 8 op]etta1 ,two ,he>ts 9 ,?ree-,qu>t] ,"t 7,zwei ,h]z5 9 dreivi]tel ,takt7 is p]haps "o ( ! mo/ celebrat$ pieces 9 ?ree-qu>t] "t writt5 9 ,vi5na s9ce ,lehr1 & x is lov$ ! _w ov]4 ,?is op]etta orig9at$ 9 #aica z a ,g]man motion-picture :i* won accolades ar\nd ! _w = its *>m & fre%ness1 = :i* ,/olz wrote a score t includ$ 8 fam\s waltz4 ,x 0 !n adapt$ = ! /age by ,paul ,knepl] & ,j4 ,m4 ,willem9sky & introduc$ 9 ,zuri*1 ,switz]l&1 9 #aicc4 ,?is delightful text conc]ns ! trials & tribulations ( produc+ an op]etta4 ,t op]etta is accept$ = production on ! condition t a good waltz melody is writt5 = x1 & ! compos] ,toni ,h(] gets 8 inspiration = t tune f lovely ,h$i1 ! "y si/] ( ! libretti/4 ,?is waltz1 ( c\rse1 is ! title numb]1 :i*1 9 its lilt & buoyancy & ,vi5nese love ( life1 is 9 ! be/ tradition ( ,vi5nese popul> music4 ,osc> ,/raus ,osc> ,/raus 0 no relation to any ( ! fam\s ,vi5nese ,/rausses2 nev]!less 9 ! writ+ ( light1 gay music 9 waltz tempo & spirit$ melodies = ! op]etta /age he 0 c]ta9ly _! spiritual bro!r4 ,he 0 born 9 ,vi5na on ,m>* #f1 #ahgj1 & /udi$ music ) private tea*]s 9 ,vi5na & ,b]l91 includ+ ,max ,bru*4 ,9 #aija he settl$ 9 ,b]l9 :]e he became conductor at a fam\s cab>et1 ,ueb]brettl1 = ^: productions ( f>ces he wrote a numb] ( scores4 ,soon aft] t he turn$ to writ+ op]ettas1 becom+ _w fam\s ) ,! ,waltz ,dream 9 #aijg & ,! ,*ocolate ,soldi] 9 #aijh1 bo? introduc$ 9 ,vi5na4 ,he wrote ab\t ?irty op]ettas aft] t1 _m he>d ) out/&+ success 9 ! music c5t]s ( ! _w4 ,! be/ ( ^! 7 ,d] letzte ,walz] 7#aibj71 ,die ,t]es9a 7#aiba71 ,drei ,walz] 7#aice71 & ,boz5a 7#aieb74 ,he 0 at 8 be/ writ+ waltz melodies b he 0 also skilful 9 int]polat+ satirical elem5ts into 8 musical writ+ ?r\gh ! exploitation ( ragtime1 jazz1 & ! %immy4 ,/raus liv$ 9 ,b]l9 until #aibg1 & = a decade aft] t he made 8 home 9 ,vi5na & ,p>is4 ,9 #aici he became a ,fr5* citiz51 & f #aidj to #aidh he liv$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 fill+ "s assignm5ts 9 ,hollywood4 ,he return$ to 8 native l& 9 #aidh1 & di$ at ,bad ,is*l1 ,au/ria1 on ,janu>y #aa1 #aied4 ,! ,*ocolate ,soldi] 7,d] tapf]e ,soldat7 0 ! op]etta adaptation ( ,b]n>d ,%aw's com$y1 ,arms & ! ,man1 by ,r4 ,b]nau] & ,l4 ,jacobs54 ,its premire took place 9 ,vi5na on ,novemb] #ad1 #aijh1 ) ! fir/ ,am]ican p]=mance tak+ place a ye> lat] at ! ,cas9o ,!at] 9 ,new ,york4 ,! sett+ is ,s]bia 9 #ahhe :]e ! h]o1 ,lieut5ant ,bum]li1 ga9s ! nickname ( 8*ocolate soldi]0 because ( a sweet too?4 ,:ile escap+ f ! enemy1 he f9ds refuge 9 ! b$room ( ,nad9a1 daught] ( ,colonel ,pop(f4 ,nad9a becomes ! in/rum5t by means ( :i* ! lieut5ant is n[ able to effect 8 escape1 disguis$ 9 ! coat ( ,colonel ,popolf4 ,b be=e ! f9al curta9 ,bum]li & ,nad9a also become lov]s4 ,! waltz1 8,my ,h]o10 78,komm1 ,komm1 ,held me9] ,traeume07 ,nad9a's waltz ( love to ! *ocolate soldi]1 is ! mo/ celebrat$ exc]pt f ?is op]etta4 ,o!r famili> pages include ! lovely fir/ act duet ( ,nad9a & ,bum]li1 8,sympa?y02 ! little or*e/ral m>* 9 ! second act1 a satirical take (f on milit>y pomp & circum/ance2 & ,nad9a's 8,lett] ,song0 9 ! ?ird act4 ,a ,waltz ,dream 7,e9 ,walz]traum71 book by ,felix ,do]mann & ,leopold ,jacobs51 0 introduc$ 9 ,vi5na on ,m>* #b1 #aijg1 & 9 ,new ,york 9 ,april #aijh4 ,lieut5ant ,niki ( ! ,au/rian army is ord]$ by ! ,au/rian ,emp]or to m>ry ,pr9cess ,hel51 b he falls 9 love ) ,frantzi1 a viol9i/ 9 a girl's or*e/ra4 ,?is love affair becomes fru/rat$ :5 ,niki mu/ return to ,vi5na to become ,pr9ce ,consort4 ,! ma9 musical selection f ?is op]etta is ! title numb]1 a waltz :i* fir/ appe>s z a duet betwe5 ,niki & a fell[ (fic] 9 ! fir/ act1 !n recurs ?r\gh\t ! op]etta1 & f9ally br+s x to a close4 ,two sprightly m>* exc]pts1 f ! second & ?ird acts respectively1 & ! duet1 8,piccolo1 piccolo1 ts91 ts91 ts90 are also popul>4 ,edu>d ,/rauss ,edu>d ,/rauss1 ! y\ng] bro!r ( ,johann ,/rauss ,,ii1 0 born 9 ,vi5na on ,m>* #ae1 #ahce4 ,he /udi$ music 9 ,vi5na ) ,g4 ,prey] foll[+ :i* he made 8 caf-h\se debut 9 #ahfb by conduct+ 8 fa!r's or*e/ra at ! ,dianasaal4 ,he cont9u$ to lead 8 fa!r's or*e/ra at ! ,volksg>t5 & ,musikv]e9 z well z at v>i\s lead+ caf-h\ses 9 ,vi5na4 ,he also made _m t\rs1 includ+ two ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 #ahib & #aija4 ,9 #aijb he dissolv$ ! musical organization :i* 8 fa!r _h f\nd$ ?ree-qu>t]s ( a c5tury e>li] & :i* all t "t _h dom9at$ ! musical life ( ,vi5na4 ,besides conduct+ ?is or*e/ra1 he also sub/itut$ f "t to "t = 8 fam\s bro!r1 ,johann ,/rauss ,,ii1 & 9 #ahgj he succe$$ him z conductor ( ! c\rt balls4 ,edu>d ,/rauss di$ 9 ,vi5na on ,decemb] #bh1 #aiaf4 ,edu>d wrote ov] ?ree hundr$ popul> in/rum5tal compositions 9 ! /yle ( 8 celebrat$ bro!r b )\t ev] equall+ 8 rem>kable creative fre%ness & orig9ality4 ,b !re is a good deal ( pleasurable li/5+ 9 ,edu>d's waltzes & polkas4 ,9 ! =m] category belongs ! ,doctr95 7,fai?7 ,waltzes1 op4 #gi2 9 ! latt]1 ! gay ,bahn ,frei 7,fa/ ,track7 ,polka1 op4 #de4 ,9 collaboration ) 8 two bro!rs1 ,johann & ,josef1 ,edu>d wrote ! ,trifoli5walz] & ! ,s*uetz5quadrille4 ,johann ,/rauss ,i ,johann ,/rauss ,i 0 "o ( ! two waltz k+s ( ,vi5na be>+ t "n4 ,! m fam\s "o1 ! compos] ( 8,! ,blue ,danube0 0 ! son4 ,b ! fa!r 0 also "o ( ,vi5na's mo/ popul> compos]s & caf-h\se conductors4 ,he 0 born 9 ,vi5na on ,m>* #ad1 #ahjd1 & z a boy he /udi$ bo? ! viol9 & h>mony4 ,8 love = music1 comb9$ ) ! decision ( 8 p>5ts to make him a bookb9d]1 l$ him to run away f home4 ,:5 he 0 fifte5 he jo9$ ,mi*ael ,pam]'s or*e/ra :i* play$ at ! ,sp]l caf2 ano!r ( its memb]s 0 ,josef ,lann]1 soon also to become a major figure 9 ,vi5na's musical life4 ,z ,lann]'s /> rose1 s did ,johann ,/rauss'4 ,fir/ ,/rauss play$ 9 ! ,lann] ,qu>tet at ! ,gold55 ,rebbuhn & o!r cafs2 aft] t he 0 a memb] ( ! ,lann] ,or*e/ra :i* appe>$ 9 ,vi5na's lead+ cafs4 ,:5 ,lann]'s m\nt+ success made x necess>y = him to create two or*e/ras1 he select$ ,johann ,/rauss to conduct "o ( !m4 ,!n1 9 #ahbf1 ,johann ,/rauss =m$ an or*e/ra ( 8 own :i* made its debut at ! ,bock ,caf4 ,= ! next two decades he 0 ! idol ( ,vi5na1 ,lann]'s only rival4 ,by #ahcj he _h two hundr$ musicians "u him4 ,8 major successes z a caf-h\se conductor came at ! ,sp]l & ! ,r$\t5saal4 ,b 8 fame spread f> beyond ,vi5na4 ,9 #ahcc he t\r$ all ,au/ria1 & 9 #ahcd he appe>$ 9 ,b]l94 ,aft] t he p]=m$ 9 all ! major ,european capitals1 a*iev+ =midable successes 9 ,london & ,p>is4 ,mean:ile1 9 #ahcc1 he _h become b&ma/] ( ! fir/ ,vi5na militia regim5t1 "o ( ! highe/ honors a p]=m] ( light music c\ld a*ieve 9 ,au/ria4 ,9 #ahde he 0 appo9t$ conductor ( ! ,vi5nese c\rt balls4 ,he di$ 9 ,vi5na on ,septemb] #be1 #ahdi4 ,l ,lann]1 ,/rauss wrote a consid]able am\nt ( dance & caf-h\se music1 ov] #bej compositions4 ,8 fir/ composition 0 ! ,taeub]lwalz]1 nam$ aft] ! caf ,zwei ,taub5 :]e he 0 !n appe>+4 ,aft] t he wrote waltzes1 galops1 polkas1 quadrilles1 cotillons1 contr$anses1 & m>*es--:i* ,vi5na came to love = _! rhy?mic vitality & appeal+ lyricism4 ,p 9 ,vi5na us$ to say t ! waltzes ( ! fir/ ,johann ,/rauss 7 made = danc+ because _! rhy?mic pulse excit$ ! he>t & made feet re/less4 ,n mu* ( ! fa!r ,/rauss' libr>y ( music has surviv$4 ,! exceptions are ! foll[+ waltzes3 ,caecili51 ,donauli$]1 ! ,kett5brueck51 & ! ,lorelei ,rhe9skla5ge4 ,to ! waltz1 ! old] ,johann ,/rauss br\ght a symphonic dim5sion x _h h]et(ore n kn[n1 p>ticul>ly 9 8 spaci\s introductions ( :i* ! ?irty-b> prelude ( ! ,lorelei ,rhe9skla5ge is an out/&+ example4 ,he also c>ri$ ov] to ! waltz a v>iety ( mood & feel+ & a lightness ( t\* new = ?is peasant dance4 8,?is demon ( ! anci5t ,vi5nese folk _s10 wrote ,ri*>d ,wagn] aft] he>+ ,/rauss p]=m "o ( 8 own waltzes 9 ,vi5na1 8trembl$ at ! beg9n+ ( a new waltz l a py?on prep>+ to spr+1 & x 0 m ! ec/asy produc$ by ! music ?an ! dr9ks among ! en*ant$ audi5ce t /imulat$ t magical fir/ viol9 to almo/ dang]\s flights40 ,( 8 o!r music ! mo/ fam\s is ! ,radetzky ,m>*4 ,c\nt ,radetzky 0 an ,au/rian milit>y h]o1 victor ov] ! ,italians 9 #ahdh-ahdi4 ,9 honor ( 8 ,italian triumphs & suppression ( ! ,italian nationali/ movem5t1 ,/rauss wrote ! spirit$1 %>ply acc5t$ m>* 9 #ahdh :i* almo/ at once became ! musical symbol ( ,hapsburg ,vi5na & ,au/rian milit>y p[]4 ,! foll[+ programmatic int]pretation ( ?is music by ,h4 ,e4 ,jacob is ( int]e/3 8,drunk ) triumph1 ! ,g5]alissimo's battalions hurl !mselves d[n into ,lomb>dy4 ,!y are close on ! heels ( ! flee+ troops ( ,k+ ,alb]t1 ! ,k+ ( ,s>d9ia4 ,& !n comes a new phase ( ! m>* to accompany ! victori\s troops4 ,a diff]5t sun %9es d[n on ?is1 a memory ( ,vi5na1 a l+]+ trace ( ! feel ( girls' arms2 scraps ( a dance song ) a backw>d glance at ?ree-qu>t] "t4 ,b on !y g1 /ill =w>d4 ,!re are no m %ots1 !re is laught]4 ,! trio foll[s4 ,! 444 sup]dom9ant 444 hoi/$ z if x 7 a flag4444 ,f9ally comes ! return ( ! pr9cipal !me ) ! laurels & gaiety ( victory40 ,johann ,/rauss ,,ii ,johann ,/rauss ,,ii1 son ( ! fir/ ,johann ,/rauss1 0 born 9 ,vi5na on ,octob] #be1 #ahbe4 ,?\gh he %[$ an unmi/akable b5t = music f 8 *ildhood on1 he 0 =bidd5 by 8 fa!r to /udy music or to indulge 9 any musical activity :atsoev]4 ,! "y ,johann ,/rauss1 enc\rag$ by 8 "m1 0 =c$ to /udy ! viol9 surreptiti\sly ) a memb] ( 8 fa!r's or*e/ra4 ,only aft] ! fa!r _h des]t$ 8 family1 to set up ano!r home ) 8 mi/ress1 did "y ,johann beg9 to devote himself completely & op5ly to music4 ,aft] /udy+ ! viol9 ) ,kohlmann & c\nt]po9t ) ,joseph ,dre*sl]1 he made 8 debut z a caf-h\se conductor & compos] at ,dommay]'s ,cas9o 9 ,hietz+1 ne> ,vi5na1 on ,octob] #ae1 #ahdd4 ,! ev5t 0 widely publiciz$ & dramatiz$ 9 ,vi5na1 s9ce ! son 0 appe>+ z a rival to 8 fa!r4 ,= ?is mom5t\s debut1 ! son wrote ! fir/ ( 8 waltzes--! ,gun/w]b] & ! ,s9ng$i*te--:i* ar\s$ imm5se en?usiasm4 ,he _h to repeat ! la/-nam$ waltz s _m times t ! p 9 ! caf lo/ c\nt4 8,ah1 ^! ,vi5nese10 report$ ! editor ( ,! ,w&]]4 8,a new waltz play]1 a piece ( _w hi/ory4 ,good night1 ,lann]4 ,good ev5+1 ,fa!r ,/rauss4 ,good morn+1 ,son ,/rauss40 ,! fa!r _h n att5d$ ?is p]=mance1 b le>n$ ( 8 son's triumph f "o ( 8 cronies4 ,?us a new waltz k+ _h aris5 9 ,vi5na4 ,8 reign cont9u$ until ! end ( ! c5tury4 ,= fifty ye>s ,johann ,/rauss ,,ii /ood alone & unequall$ z ! musical idol ( ,vi5na4 ,8 p]=mances 7 ! talk ( ! t[n4 ,8 own music 0 on ev]yone's lips4 ,aft] ! dea? ( fa!r ,/rauss 9 #ahdi1 he comb9$ memb]s ( ! old] man's or*e/ra ) 8 own1 & t\r$ all ( ,europe ) ! augm5t$ ensemble4 ,f #ahfc to #ahgj he 0 conductor ( ! ,vi5nese balls1 a po/ once held by 8 fa!r4 ,9 #ahgb he made s5sational appe>ances 9 ,bo/on & ,new ,york4 ,all ! :ile he 0 writ+ "s ( ! mo/ fam\s waltzes ev] writt51 z well z quadrilles & polkas & o!r dance pieces4 ,& 9 #ahga1 ) ! premire 9 ,vi5na ( ,indigo he ent]$ ^u a new field1 t ( ! op]etta1 9 :i* once aga9 he 0 to become a dom9at+ figure4 ,he 0 admir$ n m]ely by ! masses b also by "s ( ! greate/ musicians ( 8 g5]ation--,brahms1 ,wagn]1 ,v]di1 ,hans von ,buel[1 ,(f5ba*1 ,goldm>k1 ,g\nod1 all ( :om express$ _! admiration = 8 music 9 no unc]ta9 t]ms4 ,9 #ahid1 ,vi5na celebrat$ ! #ej? anniv]s>y ( 8 debut ) a week ( fe/ive p]=mances2 congratulations p\r$ into ,vi5na f all p>ts ( ! civiliz$ _w4 ,he di$ five ye>s aft] t--9 ,vi5na on ,june #c1 #ahii--;& 0 buri$ ne> ,s*ub]t1 ,bee?ov51 & ,brahms4 ,x is p]haps s+ul>ly fitt+ t ,johann ,/rauss %\ld h di$ 9 #ahii4 ,a c5tury 0 com+ to an end1 & ) x an entire epo*4 ,?is is :at "o c\rt (ficial meant :5 he said t 8,emp]or ,francis ,joseph reign$ until ! dea? ( ,johann ,/rauss40 ,hi/ory1 ) its cold precision1 may accurately record t ! reign ( ,francis ,joseph actually t]m9at$ 9 #aiaf4 ,b its heyday _h pass$ ) ! #ai? c5tury4 ,! _s ( old ,vi5na1 imp]ial ,vi5na ( ! ,hapsburgs1 ! ,vi5na t _h be5 inspiration = song & /ory1 di$ ) ,johann ,/rauss4 ,aft] #aijj1 ,vi5na 0 only a %ad[ ( its =m] self1 & 0 made pro/rate by ,_w ,w> ,i4 ,if ! epo* ( 8old ,vi5na0 di$ ) ,johann ,/rauss1 x 0 also born ) him4 ,aft] #ahbe1 ! social & intellectual climate 9 ! imp]ial city *ang$ p]ceptibly4 ,! p1 always gay1 n[ gave !mselves up to frivolity4 ,= ?is1 political conditions _h be5 responsible4 ,! autocratic rule ( ,francis ,i br\ght on tyranny1 repression1 & an army ( spies & in=m]s4 ,z a result1 ! ,vi5nese w5t 9 = div]sions t 7 safe f a political po9t ( view3 flirtation1 gossip1 danc+4 ,!y 7 p>tial to light musical plays & novels4 ,?us1 an attitude born out ( exp$i5cy1 became1 ) ! pass+ ( "t1 an inextricable "p ( ev]yday life 9 ,vi5na4 ,( ! _m light-he>t$ pleasures 9 :i* ! ,vi5nese indulg$ none 0 de>] to !m ?an danc+4 ,x has be5 record$ t "o out ( e f\r 9 ,vi5na danc$ regul>ly4 ,!y danc$ ! polka1 & ! quadrille2 b mo/ ( all !y danc$ ! waltz4 ,johann ,/rauss ,,ii 0 ! g5ius ( ! ,vi5nese waltz4 ,m ?an anybody be=e him or s9ce he lift$ ! popul> dance to su* arti/ic importance t 8 greate/ waltzes are (t5 p]=m$ at symphony conc]ts by ! _w's greate/ or*e/ras "u ! =emo/ conductors4 ,inexhau/ible 0 8 inv5tion2 ri*ly inv5tive1 8 h>monic writ+2 subtle & v>i$ 8 gift at or*e/ration2 fre% & p]sonal 8 lyricism2 ari/ocratic 8 /ructure4 ,to ! not$ #bj? c5tury ,g]man critic1 ,paul ,bekk]1 ! ,/rauss waltz conta9$ 8m melodies ?an a symphony ( ,bee?ov51 & ! aggregate ( ,/raussian melodies is surely great] ?an ! aggregate ( ,bee?ov5's40 ,actually ! waltz =m us$ by ,/rauss is basically t ( ,lann] & ( ,/rauss' own fa!r4 ,a sl[ symphonic introduction op5s ! waltz4 ,?is is foll[$ by a s]ies ( waltz melodies 7usually five 9 numb]74 ,a symphonic coda s]ves bo? z a k9d ( summation & z a conclusion4 ,b "h ! simil>ity ) ! pa/ ends4 ,?is =m receiv$ f ! y\ng] ,/rauss new dim5sion1 new amplification4 ,8 introductions are sometimes l tone poems4 ,! waltz melodies are incomp>ably ri* 9 ?\ght & feel+1 v>i$ 9 mood & /yle4 ,a new concept ( !matic developm5ts ent]s waltz writ+ ) ,/rauss4 ,& 8 codas1 z 8 introductions1 are symphonic creations built ) consummate skill f previ\sly /at$ ideas1 or fragm5ts ( ^! ideas4 ,no wond]1 !n1 t ! waltzes ( ,johann ,/rauss h be5 describ$ z 8symphonies = danc+40 ,! foll[+ are ! mo/ popul> ( ! ,johann ,/rauss waltzes3 ,accel]ation 7,accel]ation571 op4 #bcd1 z ! title indicates1 d]ives its effect f ! gradual accel]ation 9 tempo 9 ! ma9 waltz melody4 ,/rauss _h promis$ to write a waltz = a ball at ! ,s(i5saal b fail$ to deliv] 8 manuscript ev5 at ! z]o h\r4 ,rem9d$ ( 8 promise1 he sat d[n at a re/aurant table on ! night ( ! ball & hurri$ly wrote (f ! complete ,accel]ation ,waltz on ! back ( a m5u c>d1 & soon !reaft] conduct$ ! premire p]=mance4 ,arti/'s ,life 7,ku5/l]leb571 op4 #caf1 op5s 9 a t5d] mood4 ,a transition is provid$ by an alt]nation ( s(t & l\d passages1 aft] :i* ! fir/ waltz melody erupts ze/fully z a tonal expression ( ! ligh!>t$ gaiety ( an arti/'s life4 ,a simil> mood is project$ by ! o!r waltz melodies4 ,! ,blue ,danube 7,an d] s*o55 blau5 ,donau71 op4 #cad1 is p]haps ! mo/ fam\s waltz ev] writt51 & "o ( ! greate/4 ,x is n[ a famili> tale h[ ,brahms1 :ile autograph+ a fan ( ,/rauss' wife1 scribbl$ a few b>s ( ?is waltz & wrote und]nea?1 8alas1 n by ,brahms40 ,/rauss wrote ,! ,blue ,danube at ! reque/ ( ,john ,h]beck1 conductor ( ! ,vi5na ,m5's ,s++ ,society2 ?us ! orig9al v]sion ( ! waltz is = *orus & or*e/ra1 ! text be+ a poem by ,k>l ,beck 9 praise ( ,vi5na & ! ,danube4 ,/rauss wrote ?is waltz 9 #ahfg1 & x 0 introduc$ on ,febru>y #ae ( ! same ye> at ! ,dianasaal by ,/rauss' or*e/ra1 supplem5t$ by ,h]beck's s++ society4 ,! audi5ce 0 s en?usia/ic t x /ood on ! seats & ?und]$ = num]\s repetitions4 ,9 ! ,spr+ ( #ahfg1 ,/rauss introduc$ 8 waltz to ,p>is at ! ,int]national ,exposition :]e x 0 a s5sation4 ,a trem5d\s ovation also greet$ x :5 ,/rauss p]=m$ x = ! fir/ "t 9 ,london1 at ,cov5t ,g>d5 9 #ahfi4 ,:5 ,johann ,/rauss made 8 ,am]ican debut1 9 ,bo/on 9 #ahgb1 he conduct$ ,! ,blue ,danube ) an or*e/ra numb]+ a ?\s& in/rum5ts & a *orus ( a ?\s& voices6 ,copies ( ! music 7 soon 9 dem& 9 f>-(f cities ( ,asia & ,au/ralia4 ,! publi%]1 ,sp9a1 0 s delug$ by ord]s he _h to h a hundr$ new copp] plates made f :i* to pr9t ov] a million copies4 ,x is n difficult to see :y ?is waltz is s popul>4 ,x is an eloqu5t voice ( ! 8*>m1 elegance1 vivacity1 & sophi/ication0 ( #ai? c5tury ,vi5na--s mu* s t x is second only to ,haydn's ,au/rian ,national ,an!m z ! musical symbol ( ,au/ria4 ,emp]or ,waltz 7,kais]walz71 op4 #dcg1 0 writt5 9 #ahhh to celebrate ! #dj? anniv]s>y ( ! reign ( ,franz ,joseph ,i4 ,?is is "o ( ,/rauss' mo/ beautiful waltzes4 ,a sl[ introduction spann+ sev5ty-f\r b>s t has delicacy & grace1 & is ( a /ately m>*-l "*1 is ,vi5nese to its v m>r[4 ,a sugge/ion ( ! ma9 waltz tune !n appe>s quickly b is j z quickly dismiss$ by a l\d return ( ! ma9 introductory subject4 ,trombones lead to a brief sil5ce4 ,aft] "s prep>ation1 a waltz melody ( r>e maje/y f9ally unfolds 9 ! /r+s4 ,if ?is wond]ful waltz melody c be said to repres5t ! ,emp]or himself !n ! delightful waltz tunes t foll[--"s ( almo/ peasant "*--c be said to speak = ! joy ( ! ,au/rian p 9 honor+ _! belov$ mon>*4 ,an elaborate coda !n comes z ! cr[n to ! :ole composition4 ,morn+ ,j\rnals 7,morg5blaett]71 op4 #bgi1 0 writt5 = a ,vi5nese press club1 ! ,concordia4 ,(f5ba* _h previ\sly writt5 = t club a set ( waltzes entitl$ 8,ev5+ ,j\rnals40 ,/rauss decid$ to "n 8 music ,morn+ ,j\rnals4 ,! ,(f5ba* composition is today rememb]$ only because x provid$ ! /imulus = ,/rauss' title4 ,b ,/rauss' music rema9s--! f\r waltzes 9 8 fre%e/ & mo/ infecti\s lyric ve91 & its introduction highlight$ by a melody ( folk song simplicity4 ,roses f ! ,s\? 7,ros5 aus dem ,su$571 op4 #chh1 is a potp\rri ( ! be/ waltz tunes 7ea* a delight7 f "o ( ! compos]'s less] op]ettas1 ,spitz5tu* d] ,ko5ig5 7,! ,que5's ,lace ,h&k]*ief74 ,! 8s\?0 9 ! title ref]s to ,spa91 ! backgr\nd ( ! op]etta1 b !re is no?+ ,spani% to ?is unmi/akably ,vi5nese music4 ,tales f ! ,vi5na ,woods 7,g's*i*t5 aus dem ,wi5] ,wald71 op4 #cbe--p]=m$ = ! fir/ "t by ! ,/rauss or*e/ra at ! ,neue ,welt caf 9 #ahfh--;is a bucolic picture ( ,nature's beauty 9 ! =e/s skirt+ ,vi5na4 ,! beauty ( ,nature is sugge/$ 9 ! /ately introduction ) its op5 fif?s & its s]5e melody = cello foll[$ by a flute cad5za4 ,all ! lovel9ess ( ! ,vi5na woods is !n repres5t$ by a waltz melody 7orig9ally scor$ = zi!r1 b n[ mo/ (t5 pres5t$ by /r+s71 a lovel9ess t is c>ri$ on ) incomp>able grace & *>m by ! ensu+ waltz tunes4 ,vi5na ,blood 7,wi5] ,blut71 op4 #ced1 l s _m o!r ,/rauss waltzes1 is a hymn ( praise to ,/rauss' native cities2 b :]e o!r waltzes are light & c>efree1 ?is "o is m (t5 moody1 dreamy1 & at times s5sual4 ,aft] ! introduction come f\r waltz melodies1 ! fir/ full ( fire & ! la/ "o t\*$ ) s5tim5tality4 ,! second & ?ird waltz tunes are int]e/+ = _! rhy?mic vitality & m>k$ syncopations4 ,voices ( ,spr+ 7,fruehl+/imm571 op4 #daj--;d$icat$ to ! r5[n$ ,vi5nese piani/1 ,alb]t ,gru5feld--is 7l ! ,tales f ! ,vi5na ,woods7 an exub]ant picture ( ! v]nal season1 ! joy & ?rill t ! rebir? ( ,nature always provides to ! ,vi5nese4 ,w9e1 ,woman & ,song 7,we91 ,weib und ,gesang71 op4 #ccc1 op5s ) an eloqu5t mood picture t is virtually an indep5d5t composition1 ev5 ?\gh x (f]s sugge/ions ( lat] melodies4 ,?is is a spaci\s n9ety-"o b> introduction t s]ves z an eloqu5t p]oration to ! f\r waltz melodies t foll[--ea* graceful1 vivaci\s1 & at times t5d] & contemplative4 ,ri*>d ,wagn]1 ^u he>+ ,anton ,seidl conduct ?is music1 0 s mov$ by x t at "o po9t he seiz$ ! baton f ,seidl's h& & conduct$ ! re/ ( ! piece himself4 ,/rauss wrote o!r dance music besides waltzes4 ,he 0 equally successful 9 br++ 8 wond]ful melodic inv5tion1 f9e rhy?mic s5se1 & beautiful in/rum5tation to ! ,polka1 ! native ,bohemian dance 9 duple quick "t & 9 a lively mood4 ,! be/ ( ! ,/rauss polkas are3 ,ann5-,polka1 op4 #aag2 ,electrophor ,polka1 op4 #big d$icat$ to ! /ud5ts ( a ,vi5na te*nical s*ool1 its effect d]iv$ f its brea?less tempo & =ceful dynamics2 ,explosions ,polka1 op4 #dc1 writt5 :5 ,/rauss 0 only tw5ty-two & *>act]iz$ by sudd5 brief cresc5dos2 ,pizzicato ,polka1 writt5 9 collaboration ) ! compos]'s bro!r ,josef1 &1 z ! "n indicates1 an ex]cise 9 pluck$ /r+s2 & ! caprici\s ,trits*-,trats* 7or ,*it-,*at7 ,polka1 op4 #bad4 ,( ,/rauss' o!r in/rum5tal compositions1 ! be/ kn[n is a lively excursion 9 velocity call$ ,p]petual ,motion1 op4 #beg1 :i* ! compos] himself describ$ z a 8musical je/40 ,beyond be+ ,vi5na's waltz k+1 ,johann ,/rauss ,,ii 0 also "o ( its greate/ compos]s ( op]ettas4 ,inde$1 if a vote 7 to be ca/ = ! greate/ favorite among all ,vi5na op]ettas ! *ances are ! *oice w\ld fall on ,/rauss' ,die ,fl$]maus 7,! ,bat71 fir/ produc$ 9 ,vi5na on ,april #e1 #ahgd1 book by ,c>l ,haffn] & ,ri*>d ,g5e bas$ on a ,fr5* play by ,meilhac & ,halvy4 ,?is "w is n only a classic ( ! light !at]1 b ev5 a /aple 9 ! rep]tory ( ! _w's major op]a h\ses4 ,x is a piece ( dramatic intrigue fill$ ) clev]1 bright & at times risqu humor1 z well z irony & gaiety4 ,! plot1 9 l9e ) op]etta tradition1 involves a love intrigue3 betwe5 ,rosal9da1 wife ( ,b>on von ,eis5/e91 & ,alfr$4 ,! ,b>on is s\ght by ! police = "s slight indiscretion1 & :5 !y come to ! ,b>on's home & f9d ,alfr$ !re1 !y mi/ake him = ! ,b>on & arre/ him4 ,^u discov]+ he is suppos$ to be 9 jail1 ! ,b>on decides to take full advantage ( 8 lib]ty by att5d+ a mask$ ball at ,pr9ce ,orlovsky's palace & mak+ advances !re to ! lovely wom54 ,b "o ( ! mask$ wom5 ) :om he flirts is 8 own wife4 ,ev5tually1 ! id5tity ( bo? is uncov]$1 to ! emb>rassm5t ( ! ,b>on1 & ?is m]ry escapade ends :5 ! ,b>on is compell$ to sp5d 8 "t 9 jail4 ,! ov]ture is a classic1 recreat+ ! eff]vesc5t mood t prevails ?r\gh\t ! op]etta4 ,x is made up ( "s ( ! pr9cipal melodies ( ! op]a3 ,rosal9da's lam5t1 8,s muss alle9 i* bleib50 fir/ he>d 9 ! woodw9d2 ! *orus1 8,o je1 o je1 wie ruhrt mi* dies0 9 ! /r+s2 & mo/ important ( all1 ! ma9 waltz ( ! op]etta & ! climax ( ! second act1 also 9 ! /r+s4 ,o!r delightful episodes frequ5tly pres5t$ 9 in/rum5tal v]sions include ! lovely dr9k+ song1 8,tr9ke1 ,lieb*51 tr9ke s*nell02 ! laugh+ song ( ! maid1 ,adele1 8,me9 ,h]r ,m>quis02 ! blood-w>m+ cz>das ( ! 8,hung>ian c\ntess0 :o is actually ,rosal9da 9 disguise1 8,kla5ge d] ,heimat02 ! /irr+ hymn to *ampagne1 8,die ,maji/aet wird an]kannt02 & ! buoyant waltz1 8,du und du40 ,! ,gypsy ,b>on 7,die ,zigu5]b>on7 is almo/ z popul> z ,die ,fl$]maus4 ,?is is an op]etta ) libretto by ,ignaz ,s*nitz]1 introduc$ 9 ,vi5na on ,octob] #bd1 #ahhe4 ,s&r ,b>9kay returns to 8 ance/ral home aft] hav+ left x z a *ild4 ,he f9ds x sw>m+ ) gypsies :o h made x _! home1 & he falls 9 love ) "o ( !m1 ,saffi4 ,! ov]ture is made up ( mat]ial f ! conc]t$ f9ales1 beg9n+ ) ! entrance ( ! gypsies 9 ! fir/ f9ale2 cont9u+ ) ,saffi's celebrat$ gypsy air1 8,s el5d und treu02 & culm9at+ ) ! celebrat$ waltz music ( ! second act1 ! ,s*atz1 or ,treasure1 waltzes4 ,o!r famili> exc]pts include ,s&r's exub]ant aria ) *orus f ! fir/ act 8,ja1 das alles auf ,ehr10 probably ! mo/ celebrat$ vocal exc]pt f ! entire op]etta2 & ! ,entry ,m>* 7,e9zugm>s*7 f ! ?ird act--= *orus & or*e/ra 9 ! op]etta1 b (t5 giv5 by salon ensembles 9 an or*e/ral v]sion4 ,josef ,/rauss ,josef ,/rauss1 l ,edu>d1 is a y\ng] bro!r ( ,johann ,/rauss ,,ii1 & son ( ,johann ,/rauss ,i4 ,he 0 born 9 ,vi5na on ,augu/ #bb1 #ahbg4 ,he 0 an extremely tal5t$ "y man n only 9 music b ev5 z ar*itect & inv5tor4 ,( m s]i\s & sob] disposition ?an ei!r ( 8 two bro!rs1 he long reg>d$ caf-h\se music condesc5d+ly1 8 musical pref]5ce be+ = ! classics4 ,8 fam\s bro!r1 ,johann ,/rauss ,,ii1 ne$+ someone to help him direct 8 or*e/ra1 f9ally prevail$ on ,josef to turn to caf-h\se music4 ,josef made 8 debut z caf-h\se conductor & compos] simultane\sly on ,july #bc1 #ahec1 8 fir/ waltz be+ ,die ,er/54 ,aft] t he (t5 sub/itut$ = bro!r ,johann 9 direct+ ! latt]'s or*e/ra 9 ,vi5na & on ext5d$ t\rs ( ,europe & ,russia4 ,josef di$ 9 ,vi5na on ,july #ba1 #ahgj4 ,josef ,/rauss wrote almo/ ?ree hundr$ dance compositions4 ,?\gh c]ta9ly less inspir$ ?an 8 bro!r1 ,johann1 he 0 also f> m important ?an ,edu>d4 ,josef's be/ waltzes h mu* ( ! lyrical inv5tion1 & ! h>monic & in/rum5tal inv5tion ( ^? by ,johann ,/rauss ,,ii4 ,p]haps 8 greate/ waltz is ! ,dorfs*walb5 aus ,oe/]rei* 7,swall[s f ,au/ria71 op4 #afd1 a nature portrait (t5 int]rupt$ by ! *irp+ ( birds4 ,"h ,josef's outp\r+ ( ! mo/ s5sitive lyricism & delicate moods is h>dly less wondr\s ?an t ( ,johann ,/rauss ,,ii4 ,h4 ,e4 ,jacob w5t s f> z to say t 8s9ce ,s*ub]t's dea? !re has be5 no su* melody4 ,x is 9 ! realm ( ! ,impromptus & ,mom5ts ,musicaux4 ,x brea!s ! sweet blue f :i* ! swall[s come40 ,ano!r ,josef ,/rauss classic 9 ?ree-qu>t] "t is ,spha]5kla5ge 7,music ( ! ,sph]es71 op4 #bhe1 equally rem>kable = its spontane\s fl[ ( un=gettable waltz tunes4 ,among ,/rauss' o!r delightful waltzes are ! ,aqu>ell51 op4 #beh2 ,deliri51 op4 #bab2 ,dynamid51 op4 #agc2 ,m>i5kla5ge1 op4 #bad4 ,a !me f ,dynamid5 waltzes 0 us$ by ,ri*>d ,/rauss 9 8 fam\s op]a ,d] ,ros5kavali]4 ,9 collaboration ) 8 bro!r1 ,johann1 ,josef wrote ! fam\s ,pizzicato ,polka & sev]al o!r pieces includ+ ! ,mon/requadrille & ,vat]l&is*] ,m>*4 ,) ,johann & ,edu>d he wrote ! ,s*uetz5quadrille & ! ,trifoli5walz]4 ,sir ,ar?ur ,sullivan ,sir ,ar?ur ,seym\r ,sullivan--musical half ( ! comic-op]a team ( ,gilb]t & ,sullivan--0 born 9 ,london1 ,engl&1 on ,may #ac1 #ahdb4 ,! son ( a b&ma/]1 ,sullivan 0 appo9t$ to ! ,*apel ,royal ,s*ool 9 #ahed4 ,"o ye> aft] t 8 fir/ publi%$ composition appe>$1 an an!m4 ,9 #ahef he 0 ! fir/ recipi5t ( ! rec5tly in/itut$ ,m5delssohn ,aw>d :i* entitl$ him to att5d ! ,royal ,academy ( ,music :]e he /udi$ "u ,/]ndale ,b5nett & ,goss4 ,f #aheh to #ahfa he att5d$ ! ,leipzig ,cons]vatory4 ,aft] return+ to ,london 9 #ahfb1 he a*iev$ recognition z a s]i\s compos] ) sev]al ambiti\s compositions includ+ ! ,iri% ,symphony1 a cello conc]to1 a cantata1 & an oratorio4 ,mean:ile1 9 #ahff1 he _h become pr(essor ( composition at ! ,royal ,academy1 & 9 #ahfg he complet$ 8 fir/ score 9 a light /yle1 ! comic op]a ,cox & ,box1 libretto by ,f4 ,c4 ,burn&1 :i* enjoy$ a successful engagem5t 9 ,london4 ,9 #ahga1 a s+] introduc$ ,sullivan to ,w4 ,s4 ,gilb]t1 a "o-"t attorney :o _h attract$ "s int]e/ 9 ,london z ! writ] ( burlesques4 ,an ent]pris+ impres>io1 ,john ,holl+%ead ( ! ,gaiety ,!at]1 !n 0 responsible = gett+ ,gilb]t & ,sullivan to "w on _! fir/ op]etta4 ,?is 0 ,!spis1 produc$ 9 ,london 9 #ahga1 & a failure4 ,x 0 sev]al ye>s be=e libretti/ & compos] work$ toge!r aga94 ,:5 !y did x 0 = a new impres>io1 ,ri*>d ,d',oyly ,c>te1 = :om !y wrote a "o-act comic op]a1 ,trial by ,jury1 a curta9 rais] to a ,fr5* op]etta :i* ,c>te 0 produc+ 9 ,london on ,m>* #be1 #ahge4 ,trial by ,jury--a /++ satire on c\rt trials revolv+ ar\nd a brea* ( promise suit--inaugurates ! epo* ( ,gilb]t & ,sullivan4 ,d',oyly ,c>te n[ commission$ ,gilb]t & ,sullivan to create a new full l5g? comic op]a = a company he _h rec5tly =m$4 ,! new light op]a company made a successful b[ ) ,! ,sorc]]1 on ,novemb] #ag1 #ahgg4 ,p9a=e1 a ye> lat] on ,may #be1 #ahgh1 made ,gilb]t & ,sullivan a vogue & a passion bo? 9 ,london & 9 ,new ,york4 ,9 #ahgi ,gilb]t & ,sullivan came to ! ,unit$ ,/ates :]e on ,decemb] #ca !y introduc$ a new comic op]a1 ,! ,pirates ( ,p5zance1 t took ! c\ntry by /orm4 ,^u return+ to ,london1 ,gilb]t & ,sullivan op5$ a new !at] built = !m by ,d',oyly ,c>te--! ,savoy--) ,pati5ce1 a tumultu\s success on ,april #be1 #ahha4 ,aft] t came ,iolan! 7#ahhb71 ,pr9cess ,ida 7#ahhd71 ,! ,mikado 7#ahhe71 ! ,yeom5 ( ! ,gu>d 7#ahhh7 & ,! ,gondoli]s 7#ahhi74 ,gilb]t & ,sullivan came to ! p>t+ ( ! ways 9 #ahij1 ! f9al rift precipitat$ by a silly argum5t ov] ! co/ ( a c>pet = ! ,savoy ,!at]4 ,b ! diff]5ces betwe5 !m _h long be5 deep root$4 ,an attempt to revive ! p>tn]%ip 0 made 9 #ahic ) ,utopia ,limit$1 & aga9 ) ,! ,gr& ,duke 9 #ahif4 ,bo? comic op]as 7 failures4 ,aft] #ahic1 ,sullivan wrote a gr& op]a1 ,ivanhoe1 & sev]al op]etta scores to libretti/s o!r ?an ,sullivan4 ,none ( ^! 7 successful4 ,dur+ ! la/ ye>s ( 8 life he suff]$ f det]ioration ( 8 heal?1 & 0 almo/ always 9 acute pa94 ,he di$ 9 ,london on ,novemb] #bb1 #aijj4 ,gilb]t di$ elev5 ye>s aft] t4 ,( ,sullivan's o!r a*ievem5ts 9 ! field ( music m5tion mu/ be made ( 8 importance z a conductor ( ! conc]ts ( ! ,london ,philh>monic f #ahhe to #ahhg1 & ( ! ,le$s ,fe/ival f #ahhj to #ahih4 ,betwe5 #ahgf & #ahha he 0 pr9cipal (1 & pr(essor ( composition at1 ! ,national ,tra9+ ,s*ool = ,music4 ,9 recognition ( 8 high e/ate 9 ,engli% music1 he 0 ! recipi5t ( _m honors4 ,9 #ahgh he 0 made ,*evali] ( ! ,legion ( ,honor1 & 9 #ahhc he 0 knight$ by ,que5 ,victoria4 ,x is irony fitt+ = a ,gilb]t & ,sullivan comic op]a t ! music on :i* ,sullivan lavi%$ 8 mo/ fa/idi\s att5tion & ( :i* he 0 mo/ pr\d has be5 completely =gott5 7except = "o or two m9or exceptions74 ,b ! music ^u :i* he look$ ) su* condesc5sion & self apology is t :i* has made him an immortal--9 ! !at] if n 9 ! conc]t _w4 ,= :]e ,sullivan 0 heavy-h&$1 pret5ti\s1 & (t5 /ilt$ 9 8 oratorios1 s]i\s op]as1 & or*e/ral compositions1 he 0 consi/5tly vital1 fre%1 p]sonal1 & vivaci\s 9 8 light] music4 ,9 sett+ ,gilb]t's lyrics to music1 ,sullivan 0 always capable ( f9d+ ! musical mot ju/e to cat* e nuance ( ,gilb]t's wit & satire4 ,s neatly1 ev5 inevitably1 does ! music fit ! words t x is (t5 difficult to ?9k ( "o )\t ! o!r4 ,l ,gilb]t1 ,sullivan 0 a ma/] ( p>ody & satire2 he lik$ p>ticul>ly to mock at ! pret5sions ( gr& op]a1 oratorio1 & ! s5tim5tal ballad1 pret5sions ( :i* he himself 0 a victim :5 he endeavor$ to "w 9 ^? fields4 ,l ,gilb]t1 he _h a p5 t rac$ ) lightn+ velocity 9 ! writ+ ( patt] music to patt] v]ses4 ,sullivan1 moreov]1 _h a res]voir ( melodies seem+ly inexhau/ible--gay tunes1 mock+ tunes1 & tunes fill$ ) tell+ s5tim5t--& he 0 able to adapt ! fulle/ res\rces ( 8 rem>kable gift at h>mony1 rhy?m & or*e/ration to ! manifold dem&s ( ! /age4 ,he 0 no man's imitator4 ,)\t hav+ rec\rse to exp]im5tation or unor?odox /yles & te*niques1 8 /yle & mann]s 7 s uniquely 8 t1 z ,t4 ,f4 ,dunhill has said1 88 art is always recognizable4444 ,! ,sullivan t\* is unmi/akable & c be felt in/antly40 ,( ! univ]sality ( ! ,gilb]t & ,sullivan comic op]as1 ,isaac ,goldb]g wrote3 8,!y ,gilb]t & ,sullivan 7 n ! rebels ( an era1 yet z surely !y 7 n ! apologi/s4 ,_! light laught] c>ri$ a pleasant dang] ( its own t1 )\t be+ ! laught] ( a ,fig>o1 help$ be=e ! adv5t ( a ,%aw to keep ! atmosph]e cle>4 ,transition figures !y 71 9 an age ( transition1 caught betwe5 ! p]sonal indep5d5ce ( ! arti/ & ! social imp]atives ( _! /ation4 ,!y did n cross ov] into ! new day1 ?\gh !y s]v$ z a footbridge = o!rs4 ,d>w9 gave !m 444 only a song = ,pr9cess ,ida1 _! melodi\s answ] to ! revolt ( woman aga9/ a p]fum$ slav]y2 ,sw9burne & ,wilde 444 *>act]s = ,pati5ce4 ,!y *id$ p]sonal foibles1 & only indirectly social abuses4 ,!y 71 aft] all1 morali/s n sociologi/s4 ,x 0 9 _! natures2 x 0 ( _! position4 ,yet some?+ vital 9 !m lives beyond _! "t4 ,f _! era ( ca/e1 ( smug rectitude1 ( sanctimoni\sness1 !y /ill speak to an age t kn[s nei!r corset nor petticoat1 t votes ) its wom51 & f9ds ,freud insuffici5tly aphrodisiac4 ,p]haps x is because !y *ide individuals & n in/itutions t _! "w1 s admirably held 9 solution by ,sullivan's music1 has liv$ ?r\gh ! mo/ critical epo* 9 mod]n hi/ory s9ce ! ,fr5* ,revolution4 ,=1 und]nea? ! cataclysmic *anges ( hi/ory rema9 ! foibles t make u ! fit laught] ( ! gods40 ,ov]tures to & potp\rris f ! pr9cipal ,gilb]t & ,sullivan comic op]as are integral to ! rep]tory ( salon & pop or*e/ras ev]y:]e4 ,9 all cases1 ! ov]ture is made up ( ! op]a's ma9 melodies1 & 9 mo/ cases ^! ov]tures 7 writt5 by o!rs4 ,! ,gondoli]s 0 ! la/ ( ! ,gilb]t & ,sullivan comic op]as to survive 9 ! p]man5t rep]tory4 ,x 0 produc$ on ,decemb] #g1 #ahhi4 ,aft] ! op]atic pret5sion ( ! ,yeom5 ( ! ,gu>d :i* _h prec$$ x1 ,! ,gondoli]s repres5t$ a welcome return by ! au?ors to ! _w ( p>adox1 absurdity1 & confusion4 ,x has aptly be5 describ$ z a 8f>ce ( errors40 ,! sett+ is ,v5ice 9 ! middle ( ! #ah? c5tury4 ,! ,duke & ,du*ess ( ,plaza-,toro come to ,v5ice accompani$ by _! daught]1 ,casilda1 & a drumm] boy1 ,luiz1 :o loves h]4 ,9 h] *ildhood1 ,casilda _h m>ri$ ! infant heir to ! ?rone ( ,b>at>ia4 ,?is heir _h !n be5 /ol5 & entru/$ to ! c>e ( a gondoli] :o rais$ him z "o ( 8 two sons4 ,9 "t ! gondoli] himself has =gott5 :i* ( 8 two boys is ( royal blood4 ,to complicate matt]s ev5 fur!r1 ! two gondoli] boys1 ,m>co & ,giuseppe1 are m>ri$4 ,?us x seems impossible to solve ! problem z to :o really is ! heir to ,b>at>ia's ?rone & by ! same tok5 ,gasilda's husb&4 ,b :5 ?is problem is f9ally unscrambl$ x turns out t ! heir is nei!r ,m>co nor ,giuseppe1 b none o!r ?an ,luiz4 ,! foll[+ are ! pr9cipal selections f ,! ,gondoli]s3 ,antonio's song1 8,= ! ,m]rie/ ,fell[s ,are ,we02 ! duet ( ,m>co & ,giuseppe1 8,we're ,call$ ,gondoli]i02 ! autobiographical *ant ( ! ,duke ( ,plaza-,toro1 8,! ,duke ( ,plaza-,toro02 ! duet ( ,casilda & ,luiz1 8,!re ,0 a ,"t02 ! song ( ! ,gr& ,inquisitor1 8,i ,/ole ! ,pr9ce02 ,tessa's song1 8,:5 a ,m]ry ,maid5 ,m>ries02 ! duet ( ,m>co & ,giuseppe1 8,= ,ev]yone ,:o ,feels ,incl9$02 ,giuseppe's patt] song1 8,ris+ ,e>ly 9 ! ,morn+02 ,m>co's s]5ade1 8,take a ,pair ( ,sp>kl+ ,eyes02 & ! song ( ! ,du*ess1 8,on ! ,day t ,i 0 ,w$d$40 ,iolan!1 introduc$ on ,novemb] #be1 #ahhb1 c>ri$ ,gilb]t's love ( p>adox1 confusion & absurdity into ! fairy k+dom4 ,to ,isaac ,goldb]g1 ?is comic op]a1 bo? z words & z music is 8a pe] among its k9d4 ,x is surpris+ly complete4 ,x is1 inde$1 ( ,gilb]t & ( ,sullivan1 all compact4 ,! ,gilb]tian conflict betwe5 reality & fantasy is mirror$ 9 details great & small--9 sc5e1 co/ume1 9 l9e1 9 ge/ure4444 ,x w\ld be difficult to f9d among ! rema9+ ?irte5 comic op]as "o t reveals ! collaborators play+ s neatly into ea* o!r's h&s--respond+ s closely to ! consci\s & unconsci\s dem&s ( ! reciprocal p]sonality40 ,! h]o9e1 ,iolan!1 is a fairy :o has m>ri$ a mortal & ?us has be5 bani%$ to ! bottom ( a /ream by ! ,que5 ( h] k+dom4 ,b ! ,que5 ev5tually =gives ,iolan!4 ,^u return+ to h] fairy k+dom1 ,iolan! discov]s %e is ! "m ( a son1 ,/rephon1 :o is half fairy & half mortal2 & ,/rephon is 9 love ) ! mortal1 ,phyllis1 :o1 9 turn1 is be+ pursu$ n only by h] gu>dian1 ! ,"l ,*ancellor1 b ev5 by ! entire ,h\se ( ,pe]s4 ,:5 ,phyllis f9ds ,/rephon ) ,iolan! %e suspects him ( infidelity1 s9ce %e has no idea t ,iolan! is ,/rephon's "m4 ,imm$iately %e beg9s to be/[ h] k9dly glances ^u two memb]s ( ! ,h\se ( ,pe]s4 ,summon$ = help1 ,iolan! reveals t ,/rephon is1 inde$1 h] son1 & t 8 fa!r is none o!r ?an ! ,"l ,*ancellor4 ,by ?is "t ! o!r fairies ( ! k+dom h succumb$ to ! *>ms & appeal ( ! ,pe]s4 ,iolan! is sav$ f a second puni%m5t :5 ! ,"l ,*ancellor helps *ange fairy law to read t any fairy n m>ry+ a mortal is subject to dea?4 ,lead+ numb]s f ,iolan! include ! foll[+3 ! op5+ *orus ( ! fairies1 8,tripp+ ,hi!r1 ,tripp+ ,?i!r02 ,/rephon's song1 8,good ,morr[1 good ,"m02 ! love duet ( ,phyllis & ,/rephon1 8,?\ ! ,tree & ,i ! ,fl[]02 ,entrance1 *orus1 & m>* ( ! ,pe]s1 8,l\dly ,let ! ,trumpet ,bray0 foll[$ imm$iately by ! ,"l ,*ancellor's monologue1 8,! ,law is ! ,true ,embodim5t02 ! ,"l ,*ancellor's p]sonal cr$o1 8,:5 ,i ,w5t to ! ,b>02 ! song ( ,willis1 ! s5try1 8,:5 ,all ,night ,long a ,*ap ,rema9s02 ,"l ,m\nt ,arrat's *auv9i/ic hymn1 8,:5 ,brita9 ,really ,rul$ ! ,waves02 ! ,fairy ,que5's song1 8,oh1 ,fooli% ,fay02 ! ,"l ,*ancellor's patt] song ab\t a nightm>e1 8,:5 ,y're ,ly+ ,awake02 ! trio ( ! ,"l ,*ancellor1 ,m\nt ,ar>at & ,tollol]1 8,if ,y ,g ,902 ,/rephon's song1 8,fold ,y\r ,flapp+ ,w+s02 & ! f9ale1 8,soon z ,we ,may40 ,! ,mikado 0 a s5sation :5 fir/ p]=m$ 9 ,london on ,m>* #ad1 #ahhe2 & ) _m x is /ill ! favorite ( all ,gilb]t & ,sullivan comic op]as4 ,by #aijj1 x _h receiv$ ov] "o ?\s& p]=mances 9 ,london & five ?\s& 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,s9ce !n ^! figures h multipli$4 ,x has be5 adapt$ = motion pictures1 & 9 ,new ,york x has be5 giv5 9 two diff]5t jazz v]sions 7,! ,hot ,mikado & ,sw+ ,mikado74 ,9 #aifj x 0 pres5t$ ov] television ) ,gr\*o ,m>x z ! ,"l ,high ,execution]4 ,9 its own day mu* ( its appeal 0 due to its exotic sett+ ( ,japan & /range ,japanese *>act]s4 ,su* a novelty = ! ,engli% /age 0 ! /rong spice t end[$ ! play ) mu* ( its succul5t flavor4 ,gilb]t's inspiration _h be5 a m9iature ,japanese village set up 9 ! ,knightsbridge section ( ,london :i* ar\s$ & /imulat$ ! int]e/ ( ! ,engli% p 9 all ?+s ,japanese4 ,gilb]t 0 "o ( ^? :o became fasc9at$ by ?is ,ori5tal exhibit1 & 8 fasc9ation l$ him to conceive a comic op]a ) a ,japanese backgr\nd4 ,b :ile ! ,japanese are c]ta9ly no long] curiosities 9 ! !at]--h1 inde$1 become a vogue on ,broadway s9ce ! end ( ,_w ,w> ,,ii--,! ,mikado has nev] lo/ its trem5d\s popul>ity4 ,= ,! ,mikado repres5ts ,gilb]t & ,sullivan at _! creative peak4 ,! :imsical *>act]s1 absurd situations1 ! savage malice ( ! wit & satire1 & ! /range & p>adoxical deviations ( ! plot f9d ,gilb]t at ! height ( 8 :imsical imag9ation & skill2 & at e turn1 ,sullivan 0 !re ) music t captur$ e subtle e*o ( ,gilb]t's fancy4 ,! ?\ght ( hav+ to m>ry ! unattractive ,kati%a proves s di/a/eful to ,nanki-,poo1 son ( ! ,mikado1 t he puts on ! disguise ( a w&]+ m9/rel & flees4 ,aft] com+ to ! t[n ( ,titipu1 he meets & falls 9 love ) ,yum-,yum :o1 9 turn1 is be+ s\ght aft] by h] own gu>dian1 ,ko-,ko1 ! ,"l ,high ,execution]4 ,! ,"l ,high ,execution] faces a major problem4 ,! rul] ( ,japan has s5t a message to ,titipu /at+ t s9ce no execution has tak5 place !re = _m ye>s ! (fice ( ,"l ,high ,execution] w be aboli%$ if somebody is n execut$ %ortly4 ,:5 ,ko-,ko discov]s t ,nanki-,poo is ab\t to commit suicide1 r ?an live )\t ,yum-,yum1 he f9ds a solution to 8 own problem4 ,ko-,ko is will+ to all[ ,nanki-,poo to m>ry ,yum-,yum & live ) h] = a mon? if at ! end ( t "t he all[s himself to be behead$4 ,! w$d+ takes place1 b be=e ! behead+ c be consummat$ ! ,mikado arrives on ! sc5e ) ,kati%a4 ,only !n is ! discov]y made 9 ,titipu t ,nanki-,poo is ! ,mikado's son & t anyone responsible = 8 dea? mu/ boil 9 oil4 ,! news t ,nanki-,poo is alive saves ,ko-,ko f ?is t]rible fate2 b he soon confronts ano!r 9 ! =m ( ,kati%a1 :om he mu/ n[ m>ry to comp5sate h] = h] loss ( ,nanki-,poo4 ,_m ( ! exc]pts f ,! ,mikado are kn[n to anyone :o has ev] he>d or :i/l$ a tune4 ,^! are ! mo/ significant3 ! op5+ *orus ( ! ,japanese nobles1 8,if ,y ,want to ,"k ,:o ,we ,are02 ,nanki-,poo's self-introductory ballad1 8,a ,w&]+ ,m9/rel ,i02 ,pi%-,tu%'s description ( ! ,mikado's decree aga9/ flirtation1 8,our ,great ,mikado02 ,ko-,ko's fam\s patt] song1 8,i've ,got a ,little ,li/02 ! song ( ,yum-,yum's companions1 8,?ree ,little ,maids02 ! affect+ duet ( ,nanki-,poo & ,yum-,yum1 8,7 ,y ,n to ,ko-,ko ,plight$02 ,yum-,yum's radiant song1 8,! ,sun ,^: ,rays02 ,ko-,ko's allegorical song1 8,tit ,will[02 ! madrigal ( ,yum-,yum1 ,pitti ,s+1 ,nanki-,poo & ,pi% ,tu%1 8,brightly ,dawns ,our ,w$d+ ,day02 ! sprightly trio ( ,yum-,yum1 ,nanki-,poo & ,ko-,ko1 8,"h's a ,h[-de-d02 ! song ( ! ,mikado1 8,my ,object ,all ,sublime02 ! duet ( ,nanki-,poo & ,ko-,ko1 8,! ,fl[]s ,t ,bloom 9 ! ,spr+40 ,pati5ce 9 #ahha direct$ its well aim$ satirical pricks & b>bs at ! pre-,raphaelite movem5t 9 ,engl& ) its feti% = simplicity & naturalness2 & ) equal accuracy at poets & e/hetes l ,osc> ,wilde & ,alg]non ,sw9burne1 lead]s ( an e/hetic movem5t t enc\rag$ po/ures1 poses1 & pret5ses4 ,tw5ty maid5s are turn$ into e/hetes ?r\gh _! common love = ! 8fle%ly poet0 ,bun?orne4 ,because ( ?is love !y hold 9 disda9 _! =m] swee!>ts1 ! (fic]s ( ! ,heavy ,dragoon4 ,bun?orne1 h[ev]1 is 9 love ) ! simple1 unselfi% milkmaid ,pati5ce1 :o dotes aft] ! idyllic poet ( heav5ly beauty1 ,grosv5or4 ,s9ce ,pati5ce is unselfi% %e _c hope to w9 ,grosv5or's love1 = to be lov$ by "o s beautiful is ! mo/ selfi% ?+ 9 ! _w4 ,%e decides to accept ,bun?orne4 ,n[ ! tw5ty love-sick maid5s fall 9 love ) ,grosv5or & ?r\gh 8 influ5ce ab&on e/heticism = simplicity4 ,unaw>e ( ?is new direction 9 _! lov$ ones1 ! ,dragoons des]t _! uni=ms = e/hetic g>b1 sub/itute _! =m] practical ev]yday behavior = extravagant po/ures & poses4 ,we>y ( ! dem&s made ^u him by ! dot+ maids1 ,grosv5or 7) a pu% f ,bun?orne7 becomes commonplace4 ,b1 un=tunately = ,bun?orne1 s9ce x is no long] selfi% to be lov$ by a commonplace man1 ,pati5ce returns to ,grosv5or4 ,! maid5s1 n[ int]e/$ 9 ! commonplace1 c n[ return to _! ,dragoons4 ,b poor ,bun?orne is left alone ) no?+ b a lily 9 8 h& to console him4 ,! foll[+ are ! pr9cipal selections f ,pati5ce3 ! op5+ female *orus1 8,tw5ty ,lovesick ,maid5s ,we02 ,pati5ce's simple qu]y ab\t ! nature ( love1 8,i ,_c ,tell ,:at ,?is ,love ,may ,be02 ! *orus ( ! ,dragoons1 8,! ,soldi]s ( ,our ,que50 foll[$ imm$iately by ! ,colonel's patt] song1 8,if ,y ,want a ,receipt02 ,bun?orne's recipe = success 9 ! bus9ess ( be+ an e/hete1 8,if ,y're ,anxi\s ,= to ,%9e02 ,grosv5or's duet ) ,pati5ce1 8,pri!e1 ,pretty ,maid502 ,jane's soliloquy1 8,silv]$ is ! ,rav5 ,hair0 ) :i* ! second act op5s2 ,grosv5or's fable to ! lovesick maid5s1 8,! ,magnet & ! ,*urn02 ,pati5ce's ballad1 8,love is a ,pla9tive ,song02 & ! gay duet ( ,bun?orne & ,grosv5or1 8,:5 ,i ,g ,out ( ,doors40 ,p9a=e 0 ! fir/ ( ! successful ,gilb]t & ,sullivan comic op]as 9 :i* we enc\nt] t /range topsy-turvy _w ov] :i* ,gilb]t & ,sullivan rul$2 t we confront ! accid5ts1 co9cid5ces1 p>adoxes1 & mi%aps t beset its hapless inhabitants4 ,p9a=e is a deva/at+ satire on ! ,admiralty 9 g5]al & ,william ,h4 ,smi?1 its ,fir/ ,"l1 9 p>ticul>4 ,b x also makes a mock]y ( social position4 ,ralph ,rack/raw1 a humble seaman1 is 9 love ) ,joseph9e1 daught] ( ,capta9 ,corcoran1 comm&+ (fic] ( ! ,h4,m4,s4 ,p9a=e4 ,b ! fir/ ,"l ( ! ,admiralty1 ,sir ,joseph ,port]1 is also 9 love ) h]4 ,s9ce ,joseph9e's fa!r w\ld nev] cons5t to h 8 daught] m>ry "o s l[ly z ,ralph1 ! lov]s decide to elope4 ,b ! plans are ov]he>d by ! seaman1 ,dick ,deadeye1 :o reports !m to ! ,capta9 ) ! result t ,ralph is put 9 irons4 ,an impasse is ?us rea*$ until ,little ,butt]cup1 a 8,portsm\? ,bumboat woman10 reveals an incid5t ( ! di/ant pa/4 ,entru/$ ! c>e ( two infants %e mix$ !m up ) ! result t ! l[ly born *ild1 ,corcoran1 0 mi/ak5 = ! "o ( high /ation & 0 ?us able to rise to ! /ation ( ,capta92 b ! *ild ( high /ation believ$ to h be5 ( l[ly orig91 ,ralph1 _h be5 =c$ to become a seaman4 ,by ord] ( ,sir ,joseph1 ,ralph n[ becomes ! ma/] ( ! %ip & c claim ,joseph9e z 8 bride4 ,! pr\d ,capta91 n[ r$uc$ to a seaman1 mu/ cont5t himself ) ,little ,butt]cup4 ,p9a=e 0 a s5sation :5 introduc$ 9 ,london 9 #ahgh1 enjoy+ sev5 hundr$ consecutive p]=mances4 ,b x prov$ ev5 m s5sational 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 foll[+ its premire !re at ! ,bo/on ,museum on ,novemb] #be ( ! same ye>4 ,n9ety diff]5t companies pres5t$ ?is comic op]a ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry 9 t fir/ season1 ) five diff]5t companies op]at+ simultane\sly 9 ,new ,york4 ,p9a=e 0 giv5 by color$ gr\ps1 *ildr5's gr\ps1 & religi\s gr\ps4 ,x 0 widely p>odi$4 ,"s ( its cat* phrases 78,:at nev]8 ,no nev]60 & 8,= he himself has said x07 ent]$ ,am]ican argot4 ,z a b\ntiful s\rce ( popul> melodies1 ! score ( ,p9a=e is second only 9 importance to t ( ,! ,mikado4 ,"h are ! ma9 ones3 ! op5+ *orus ( ! sailors1 8,we ,sail ! ,ocean ,blue02 ,butt]cup's =?right self-introduction1 8,i'm ,call$ ,little ,butt]cup02 ,ralph's madrigal1 8,! ,night+ale10 & ballad1 8,a ,maid5 ,fair to ,see02 ! ,capta9's colloquy ) 8 crew1 8,i ,am ! ,capta9 ( ! ,p9a=e02 ,joseph9e's poignant ballad1 8,sorry ,h] ,lot02 ,sir ,joseph's ex*ange ) 8 si/]s1 c\s9s1 & aunts1 8,i am ! ,mon>* ( ! ,sea10 & 8 autobiographical1 8,:5 ,i ,0 a ,lad02 ! ,capta9's sad reflection1 8,fair ,moon to ,!e ,i ,s+02 ! *oral episode1 8,c>efully on ,tip-,toe ,/eal+0 foll[$ by ! tongue-9-!-*eek paean to ,engl& & ,engli%m51 8,he ,is an ,engli%man40 ,! ,pirates ( ,p5zance 0 ! only ,gilb]t & ,sullivan comic op]a to receive its _w premire outside ,engl&4 ,?is took place 9 ,new ,york at ! ,fif? ,av5ue ,!at] 9 #ahgi4 7,!re 0 a s+le ha/ily prep>$ p]=mance 9 ,paignton1 ,engl&1 on ,decemb] #cj1 #ahgi b ?is is n reg>d$ z an (ficial premire47 ,! reason :y ,! ,pirates 0 introduc$ 9 ,new ,york 0 due to ! pres5ce !re ( its au?ors4 ,num]\s pirat$ v]sions ( ,p9a=e 7 !n be+ giv5 ?r\gh\t ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 ab\t a hundr$ !at]s1 & ,gilb]t & ,sullivan decid$ to come to ,am]ica = ! dual purpose ( explor+ ! conditions "u :i* !y might protect _! copyright & to (f] an au?oriz$ v]sion ( _! op]a4 ,9 com+ to ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 !y br\ght ) !m ! manuscript ( _! new "w1 ,! ,pirates ( ,p5zance1 & arrang$ to h its premire take place 9 ,new ,york4 ,! ,pirates ( ,p5zance is a blood relative ( ,p9a=e4 ,:]e ,p9a=e made fun ( ! ,briti% ,navy1 ,! ,pirates conc5trates on ! ,briti% ,army & con/abul>y4 ,9 ,p9a=e two babies are mix$ up 9 ! cradle = a confusion ( _! id5tities2 9 ,! ,pirates x is ! future pr(essions ( babies :i* are conf\nd$ 9 ! cradle4 ,9 ,p9a=e ! secret is divulg$ by ,butt]cup1 9 ,! ,pirates by ,ru?4 ,p9a=e boa/s a female *orus ( c\s9s1 si/]s & aunts :ile ,! ,pirates has a female *orus made up ( ! ,major ,g5]al's daught]s4 ,! h]o is "y ,fr$]ic1 appr5tic$ to a b& ( pirates by 8 nurse ,ru?1 :o mi/akes ! ^w 8pilot0 = 8pirate40 ,fr$]ic falls 9 love ) ,mabel1 "o ( ! _m daught]s ( ,major ,g5]al ,/anley & looks =w>d eag]ly to 8 fre$om f 8 appr5tice%ip to ! pirate b&1 :i* arrives on 8 tw5ty-fir/ bir?day4 ,b ,fr$]ic discov]s t s9ce he 0 born on leap ye> ! ye> ( 8 fre$om--8 tw5ty-fir/ bir?day--is _m1 _m ye>s (f2 t by ! cal5d> he is /ill only a little boy ( five4 ,z a pirate he mu/ jo9 8 conf$]ates 9 ext]m9at+ ,mabel's fa!r & ! con/ables att5d+ him4 ,b all turns out happily :5 ! pirates actually prove to be ex-noblem51 & are ?us f\nd highly acceptable z husb&s = ! daught]s ( ,major ,g5]al ,/anley4 ,! ,major ,g5]al is also 9 favor ( ! union ( ,mabel & ,fr$]ic4 ,! foll[+ are ! lead+ musical selections3 ! op5+ *orus ( ! pirates1 8,p\r1 ,oh ,p\r1 ! ,pirate ,%]ry02 ! ,pirate k+'s hymn to 8 pr(ession1 8,= ,i am a ,pirate ,k+02 ! *orus ( ! ,major ,g5]al's daught]s1 8,climb+ ,ov] ,rocky ,m\nta902 ,fr$]ic's pla9tive plea = a lov]1 8,oh1 ,is ,!re ,n ,"o ,maid5 ,brea/02 ! ,major ,g5]al's autobiographical patt] song1 8,i ,am ! ,v ,patt]n ( a ,mod]n ,major ,g5]al02 ! r\s+ *orus ( ! con/abul>y1 8,:5 ! ,foeman ,b>es ,8 ,/eel02 ! tripp+ trio ( ,ru?1 ,fr$ & ! ,pirate ,k+ on discov]+ ,fr$ is only a *ild ( five1 8,a ,p>adox1 a ,mo/ ,+5i\s ,p>adox02 ,mabel's haunt+ ballad1 8,oh1 ,leave ,me ,n to ,p9e02 ! ,police ,s]geant's comm5t>y on 8 pr(ession1 8,:5 a ,felon's ,n ,engag$ 9 ,8 ,employm5t02 ! ,pirates' *orus1 8,come ,fri5ds ,:o ,pl\gh ! ,sea10 a melody expropriat$ by an ,am]ican1 ,!odore ,morse1 = ! lyric 8,hail1 ,hail ! ,gang's ,all ,"h02 & ! ,g5]al's idyllic ballad1 8,sigh+ ,s(tly ,to ! ,riv]40 ,ruddigore1 a trave/y on melodrama1 0 fir/ p]=m$ on ,janu>y #bb1 #ahhg4 ,because ! ,murgatroyd family has p]secut$ wit*es1 an evil _s _h fat$ x to commit a crime a day4 ,ru?v5 ,murgatroyd tries to flee f ?is curse by assum+ ! id5tity ( simple ,rob9 ,oakapple4 ,he meets & falls 9 love ) ,rose :o is be+ s\ght aft] by ,ru?v5's fo/] bro!r1 ,ri*>d4 ,s9ce ,ru?v5 z ,rob9 ,oakapple has ! upp] h& ) ,rose1 ,ri*>d av5ges himself by reveal+ ! fact t 8 bro!r is really a memb] ( ! ,murgatroyd family & l all ( !m is ! victim ( ! anci5t family curse4 ,back 9 8 ance/ral home1 ,ru?v5 mu/ fulfil 8 quota ( crimes1 a job he bungles s badly t 8 ance/ors sudd5ly come alive out ( ! picture frames on ! wall1 to condemn him4 ,b aft] num]\s convolutions ( typically ,gilb]tian logic & reason+1 ! curse is brok5 & ,ru?v5 c live happily ) 8 belov$ ,rose4 ,f ,ruddigore come ! foll[+ famili> sections3 ! op5+ *orus ( ! bridesmaids1 8,fair ,is ,rose z ! ,bright ,may ,day02 ,hannah's leg5d1 8,sir ,rup]t ,murgatroyd02 ,rose's ballad1 8,if ,somebody ,!re ,*anc$ to ,be02 ! ext5d$ duet ( ,rob9 & ,rose1 8,i ,"k a ,y\? ,:o ,loves a ,little ,maid02 ,ri*>d's ballad1 8,i ,%ipp$1 ,d'ye ,see1 9 a ,rev5ue ,sloop02 ,rob9's song1 8,my ,boy ,y ,may ,take x ,f ,me02 ! *orus ( ! bridesmaids1 8,hail ! ,bride ( ,sev5te5 ,summ]s0 foll[$ by ,rose's madrigal1 8,:]e ! ,buds ,are ,blossom+02 ! duet ( ,rob9 & ,adam1 8,i ,once ,0 ,z ,meek z a ,new ,born ,lamb02 ,rose's ballad1 8,9 ,bygone ,days02 ! *orus ( ! family portraits1 8,pa9t$ ,emblems ( a ,race02 ,sir ,rod]ic's patt] song1 8,:5 ! ,night ,w9d ,h[ls02 & ,hannah's ballad1 8,!re ,grew a ,little ,fl[]40 ,! ,sorc]]1 ! fir/ successful ,gilb]t & ,sullivan comic op]a1 0 introduc$ 9 #ahgg4 ,alexis1 9 love ) ,al9e1 wi%es to spread ar\nd ! bless+s ( love4 ,= ?is purpose he enli/s ! coop]ation ( ,john ,well+ton ,wells1 ! creator ( a love brew4 ,9 an ef=t to p]petuate ,al9e's love = him1 ,alexis has h] dr9k ?is potion1 only to discov] t 8 belov$ has fall5 = ! vic>1 ,dr4 ,daly1 he be+ ! fir/ man %e sees aft] dr9k+ ! draught4 ,s9ce ,alexis is n ! only "o to suff] f ?is n[-g5]al epidemic ( lov+1 a s]i\s ef=t mu/ be made to (fset ! effects ( ?is magic3 a human sacrifice4 ,naturally t sacrifice becomes none o!r ?an ,john ,well+ton ,wells :o is driv5 to self immolation be=e ?+s c once aga9 be set normal4 ,! music ( ,! ,sorc]] is n s well kn[n z t ( ! o!r fam\s comic op]as1 b x does conta9 sev]al ,gilb]t & ,sullivan delights4 ,among !m are3 ! song ) :i* ,wells introduces himself & 8 black art1 8,oh6 ,my ,"n ,is ,john ,well+ton ,wells10 ! fir/ ( ! ,gilb]t & ,sullivan patt] songs2 ! vic>'s haunt+ ballad1 8,"t ,0 ,:5 ,love & ,i ,7 ,well ,acqua9t$02 & ! romantic duet ( ,al9e & ,alexis1 8,x ,is ,n ,love40 ,9 ! ,yeom5 ( ! ,gu>d1 produc$ on ,octob] #c1 #ahhh1 ! topsy-turvy _w ( ,gilb]t & ,sullivan is tempor>ily side/epp$ = ano!r ( op]atic pret5sions4 ,( all ! ,gilb]t & ,sullivan plays ?is "o comes close/ to resembl+ an op]a4 ,! imm$iate /imulus = ! writ+ ( ! text came to ,gilb]t f an adv]tisem5t 9 a railway /ation depict+ a ,beefeat]4 ,out ( ?is acorn grew ! oak ( ,gilb]t's play 9 :i* ,colonel ,*>les ,fairfax is falsely accus$ by 8 k9sman1 ,polt:i/le1 ( sorc]y4 ,= ?is he mu/ be condemn$ to dea? 9 ! ,t[] ( ,london4 ,s9ce ,fairfax is n m>ri$1 8 =tune w pass on to 8 accus]4 ,b ,*>les ?w>ts su* evil designs by m>ry+ ,elsie ,mayn>d1 a /roll+ play]--if only = an h\r4 ,!n he manages to escape f ! ,t[] disguis$ z a yeoman ( ! gu>d4 ,:5 ! execution is to take place !re is no victim4 ,ev5tually1 a reprieve enables ,*>les to live p]man5tly ) ,elsie4 ,! mo/ important selections f ! ,yeom5 ( ! ,gu>d are3 ,phoebe's song ) :i* ! op]a op5s1 8,:5 ,maid5 ,loves02 ! *orus ( ! yeom51 8,9 ! ,autumn ( ,our ,life02 ,fairfax' ballad1 8,is ,life a ,boon802 ! ext5d$ duet ( ,po9t & ,elsie1 8,i ,h a ,song to ,s+1 ,o02 ,phoebe's ballad1 8,7 ,i ,?y ,bride02 ,po9t's patt] song1 8,oh1 a ,private ,buffoon ,is a ,light-,he>t$ ,loon02 ! qu>tet ( ,elsie1 ,fairfax1 ,dame ,c>ru!rs & ,m]yll1 8,/range ,adv5ture02 ! trio ( ,fairfax1 ,elsie & ,phoebe1 8,a ,man ,:o ,w\ld ,woo a ,fair ,maid02 ! qu>tet ( ,elsie1 ,fairfax1 ,phoebe & ,po9t1 8,:5 a ,woo] ,goes a-,woo+02 & ! f9ale1 8,oh1 ,?\ghtless ,crew40 ,besides 8 music = ! comic op]as !re exi/s a va/ rep]tory ( s]i\s music by ,sullivan4 ,( ?is h>dly m ?an two songs h reta9$ _! popul>ity4 ,"o is 8,! ,lo/ ,*ord10 lyric by ,adelaide ,proctor1 writt5 by ,sullivan 9 ,decemb] #ahgf at ! dea?b$ ( 8 bro!r1 ,fr$4 ,f ,*>les ,willeby we get an acc\nt ( h[ ?is deeply mov+ piece ( music came into be+3 8,= ne>ly ?ree weeks he wat*$ by 8 b$side night & day4 ,"o night--! end 0 n v f> (f !n--:ile 8 sick bro!r _h = a "t fall5 into a peaceful sleep1 & he 0 sitt+ z usual by ! b$side1 he *anc$ to come across "s v]ses by ,adelaide ,proctor ) :i* he _h "s five ye>s previ\sly be5 /ruck4 ,he _h !n tri$ to set !m to music1 b )\t satisfaction to himself4 ,n[ 9 ! /illness ( ! night he read !m ov] aga91 & almo/ z he did s1 he conceiv$ _! musical equival5t4 ,a /ray %eet ( music pap] 0 at h&1 & he began to write4 ,sl[ly ! music took %ape1 until1 becom+ q absorb$ 9 x1 he det]m9$ to f9i% ! song4 ,ev5 if 9 ! cold light ( day x 7 to prove wor?less1 x w\ld at lea/ h help$ to :ile away ! h\rs ( wat*+4 ,s he work$ on at x4 ,z he progress$1 he felt sure ?is 0 :at he _h s\ght =1 & fail$ to f9d on ! occasion ( 8 fir/ attempt to set ! words4 ,9 a %ort "t x 0 complete & n long aft] 9 ! publi%]'s h&s4 ,?us 0 writt5 #8,! ,lo/ ,*ord1' p]haps ! mo/ successful song ( mod]n times40 8,onw>d ,*ri/ian ,soldi]s10 words by ,sab9e ,b>+-,g\ld1 is ! mo/ celebrat$ ( ,sullivan's m ?an fifty religi\s hymns4 ,x is effective n m]ely = its religi\s mood b also = its m>tial _s4 8,! music10 says ,isaac ,goldb]g1 8has ! tread ( armies 9 x1 & a broad diatonic /ride40 ,sullivan wrote x 9 #ahgc ^u be+ appo9t$ editor ( ! ,hymnal1 a collection ( hymns publi%$ by ,novello = ! ,society = ! ,promotion ( ,*ri/ian ,k & ! ,hymn>y4 ,franz von ,supp ,franz von ,supp 0 born ,francesco ,supp-,demelli 9 ,spalato1 ,yugoslavia1 on ,april #ah1 #ahai4 ,he play$ ! flute at elev51 at ?irte5 />t$ ! /udy ( h>mony1 & at fifte5 complet$ a ,mass4 ,nev]!less1 = a :ile he ent]ta9$ ! idea ( becom+ ei!r a physician or a tea*] ( ,italian4 ,:5 he f9ally decid$ ^u music z a pr(ession he att5d$ ! ,vi5na ,cons]vatory4 ,aft] s]v+ an appr5tice%ip z conductor ( op]ettas 9 ,pressburg & ,bad51 he 0 appo9t$ pr9cipal conductor at ,!at]-an-d]-,wi5 9 ,vi5na4 ,9 #ahfb he assum$ a simil> po/ ) ! ,k>l/heat]1 & f #ahfe until 8 dea? at ! ,leopold/adt!at]4 ,:ile absorb+ ! influ5ce & traditions ( ! opra-b\ffe ( ,(f5ba*1 he began writ+ op]ettas ( 8 own 9 a /yle uniquely 81 sett+ & e/abli%+ _m ( ! traditions & cli*s :i* w\ld h5ce=? id5tify ! ,vi5nese op]etta4 ,he _h an unusual gift = light1 c>ess+ tunes1 a gay & infecti\s _s1 & a direct emotional appeal4 ,8 fir/ op]etta 0 ,jung lu/ig 9 alt] traurig 9 #ahda4 ,success came ) 8 incid5tal music to ,poet & ,peasant 7,di*t] und ,bau]71 introduc$ on ,augu/ #bd1 #ahdf2 its ov]ture is /ill 8 be/ kn[n composition & a classic 9 ! musical lit]ature 9 a light] ve94 ,a succession ( popul> op]ettas1 ov] tw5ty-five 9 numb]1 made him "o ( ,europe's mo/ celebrat$ compos]s = ! /age4 ,8 mo/ fam\s op]ettas 73 ,das ,ma$*5 vom ,l&e 7#ahdg71 ,die s*o5e ,galatea1 or ,beautiful ,gala!a 7#ahfe71 ,lei*te ,cavall]ie1 or ,light ,cavalry 7#ahff71 ,fat9itza 7#ahgf71 ,boccaccio 7#ahgi71 & ,donna ,juanita 7#ahhj74 ,supp di$ 9 ,vi5na on ,may #ba1 #ahie4 ,! ov]ture to ,! ,beautiful ,gala!a 7,die s*o5e ,galatea7 op5s ) brisk music4 ,horns & woodw9d lead into an ext5d$ portrayal ( exaltat$ "* by /r+s4 ,once aga9 horns & woodw9d appe>1 ?is "t provid+ a transition to a c>ess+ melody t soon develops into a fulsome song4 ,aft] a !atrical passage1 ! ov]ture's ma9 melody is he>d 9 ! /r+s1 ) h>monies fill$ 9 by ! woodw9d2 ?is is a graceful dance tune :i*1 t[>ds ! end ( ! ov]ture1 is repeat$ ) h>monic & tonal amplitude by ! full or*e/ra4 ,! ,light ,cavalry ,ov]ture 7,lei*te ,cavall]ie7 is1 z its "n indicates1 /irr+ music ( m>tial "*4 ,horn calls & =ceful *ords 9 full or*e/ra provide at once ! milit>y "* ( ?is music4 ,a vivaci\s tune = ! viol9s foll[s ?is =ceful introduction aft] :i* comes ! brisk melody = woodw9d foll[$ by ! full or*e/ra t has made ?is ov]ture s fam\s2 ! gallop ( ! cavalry is "h simulat$ 9 a brisk rhy?m4 ,! agitation is dissipat$ by a s5sitive transition 9 /r+s & cl>9et to a spaci\s melody 9 /r+s 9 a s5sual ,hung>ian /yle4 ,! brisk milit>y music & ! op5 horn+ calls !n give ! ov]ture a dynamic conclusion4 ,morn+1 ,noon & ,night 9 ,vi5na 7,e9 ,morg51 e9 ,mittag1 e9 ,ab5d 9 ,wi57 is "o ( ! compos]'s fam\s conc]t ov]tures4 ,a dramatic introduction--) =ceful *ords 9 full or*e/ra--leads to a beautiful & fully realiz$ song = solo cello aga9/ pluck$ /r+s1 "o ( ,supp's mo/ inspir$ flights ( melody4 ,! song end$1 ! dramatic op5+ is recall$ to s]ve z a transition to two buoyant & graceful ,vi5nese tunes 9 ! /r+s1 ! second repeat$ vigor\sly & amplifi$ by full or*e/ra4 ,! ov]ture ends 9 a robu/ r ?an lyrical ve94 ,! ,pique ,dame 7,que5 ( ,spades7 ,ov]ture beg9s ) a murmur+ passage = /r+s t gr[s 9 volume & *anges "* be=e an expressive melody unfolds 9 l[] /r+s aga9/ an accompany+ figure borr[$ f ! op5+ passage4 ,a vigor\s int]lude ( /rong *ords & a vigor\s pron\ncem5t by ! brass lead into ! mo/ fam\s !me ( ! composition1 a vivaci\s & jaunty melody = /r+s & woodw9d4 ,?is subject is develop$ at "s l5g? be=e a melodic episode is (f]$ by ! l[] /r+s z a preface to a s(t1 idyllic int]lude = ! woodw9d4 ,! conclusion ( ! ov]ture is 9 a vigor\s mann] ) an en]getic re/atem5t ( e>li] !matic mat]ial4 ,( all ! ,supp ov]tures1 :e!r = ! /age or ! conc]t hall1 ! mo/ fam\s und\bt$ly is ! ,poet & ,peasant 7,di*t] und ,bau]74 ,aft] a /ately introduction !re arrives a g5tle song = ! /r+s4 ,?is is succe$$ by a m robu/ !me4 ,! ma9 melody ( ! ov]ture is a pulsat+ melody 9 "t4 ,indicative ( ! enorm\s popul>ity ( ?is ov]ture 9 all p>ts ( ! _w is t x has be5 adapt$ = almo/ sixty diff]5t comb9ations ( in/rum5ts4 ,johan ,sv5ds5 ,johan ,sv5ds5 0 born 9 ,oslo1 ,norway1 on ,septemb] #cj1 #ahdj4 ,! son ( a b&ma/]1 he dabbl$ 9 music = _m ye>s be=e receiv+ =mal in/ruction4 ,:5 he 0 tw5ty-?ree he emb>k$ = ! fir/ "t on a compreh5sive musical education by att5d+ ! ,leipzig ,cons]vatory :]e he 0 a pupil ( ,f]d9& ,david1 ,re9ecke1 & o!rs4 ,aft] t he t\r$ ,europe z a conc]t viol9i/ & liv$ = a :ile 9 ,p>is :]e he play$ 9 !at] or*e/ras4 ,9 #ahgj he visit$ ! ,unit$ ,/ates :]e he m>ri$ an ,am]ican woman :om he _h orig9ally met 9 ,p>is4 ,foll[+ 8 return to 8 native l& he 0 ! conductor ( ! ,*ri/iana ,musical ,association f #ahgb to #ahgg & aga9 f #ahhj to #ahhc4 ,9 #ahhc he settl$ 9 ,cop5hag5 :]e = sixte5 ye>s he 0 c\rt conductor1 & "p ( t "t conductor at ! ,royal ,!at] z well4 ,z a compos] ,sv5ds5 di/+ui%$ himself ) major works = or*e/ra 9 a pron\nc$ ,norwegian /yle1 ! mo/ fam\s be+ f\r ,norwegian ,rhapsodies & ! ,c>naval des arti/es norvgi5s1 9 all ( :i* ,norwegian folk melodies are us$ ext5sively4 ,he also produc$ _m works n ( a national id5tity1 among :i* 7 symphonies1 conc]tos1 *amb]-music works1 & ! highly popul> ,c>nival 9 ,p>is1 = or*e/ra4 ,sv5ds5 di$ 9 ,cop5hag5 on ,june #ad1 #aiaa4 ,! ,c>nival 9 ,p>is 7,c>naval ,p>is71 = or*e/ra1 op4 #i 7#ahgc7 is "o ( ,sv5ds5's be/-kn[n works1 ev5 ?\gh x is n 9 8 *>act]i/ic ,norwegian /yle4 ,8 e>ly manhood 9 ,p>is _h be5 "o ( ! compos]'s happie/ exp]i5ces 9 life1 & "s ( t joy & feel+ ( excitem5t is f\nd 9 ?is music describ+ a ,m>di ,gras 9 ,p>is4 ,! full or*e/ra ent]s aft] a swell+ trumpet tone ov] drum rolls4 ,!re is !n he>d an ex*ange among ! w9d in/rum5ts & a quick5+ ( ! tempo to lead into ! fir/ ma9 !me1 a delicate subject = flutes & cl>9ets4 ,?is !me is twice repeat$ aft] :i* ! music becomes /ormy4 ,divid$ viol9s !n br+ on ! second !me1 :i* l ! fir/ is quiet & g5tle4 ,9 ! developm5t1 9 :i* mu* is made ( ! fir/ subject1 !re are effective frequ5t alt]nations ( tempo4 ,a rhapsodic section1 ) a subject = divid$ /r+s1 foll[$ by ext5d$ drum rolls & calls = mut$ horns1 prec$e ! conclud+ section4 ,deems ,taylor ,joseph ,deems ,taylor 0 born 9 ,new ,york ,city on ,decemb] #bb1 #ahhe4 ,he receiv$ 8 academic education 9 ,new ,york1 at ! ,fri5ds ,s*ool1 ,e?ical ,culture ,s*ool1 & ,new ,york ,univ]sity4 ,all ! :ile he /udi$ music ) private tea*]s4 ,foll[+ 8 graduation f college1 ,taylor appe>$ 9 vaudeville1 work$ = sev]al magaz9es1 & f #aiba to #aibe 0 ! music critic ( ! ,new ,york ,_w4 ,he fir/ di/+ui%$ himself z a compos] 9 #aiai ) ! or*e/ral suite1 ,?r\gh ! ,look+ ,glass4 ,9 #aibe he resign$ f ! ,_w to conc5trate on composition4 ,9 ! next half doz5 ye>s he complet$ two op]as1 ea* successfully p]=m$ at ! ,metropolitan ,op]a3 ,! ,k+'s ,h5*man 7) libretto by ,edna ,/4 ,v9c5t ,millay7 9 #aibg1 & ,pet] ,ibbetson 9 #aica4 ,s9ce #aibg1 ,taylor has foll[$ sev]al c>e]s besides t ( "o ( ,am]ica's mo/ important s]i\s compos]s4 ,he 0 editor ( ,musical ,am]ica1 music critic = ! ,new ,york ,am]ican1 ma/] ( c]emonies on radio & television1 program annotator1 int]mission comm5tator = broadca/s ( op]a & or*e/ral music1 & au?or ( sev]al be/-sell+ books on music4 ,a highly sophi/icat$ compos] ) a consummate te*nical skill1 ,taylor's works are n = popul> consumption4 ,b he did write "o composition 9 a popul> /yle1 ,circus ,day2 & a second ( 8 works1 ,?r\gh ! ,look+ ,glass1 :ile int5d$ = symphonic conc]ts1 has en\gh wit & *>m to fall gracefully into ! semi-classical category4 ,circus ,day is a fantasy = or*e/ra1 op4 #ah 7#aibe7 writt5 on commission f ,paul ,:iteman & 8 ,or*e/ra4 ,:5 ,:iteman & 8 or*e/ra introduc$ x t ye>1 ! "w 0 or*e/rat$ by ,f]de ,gr(1 b s9ce !n ,taylor has prep>$ 8 own symphonic adaptation4 ,subtitl$ 8eight pictures f memory0 ?is fantasy /rives 8to convey "o's e>ly impressions ( a day at ! circus40 ,! compos] has provid$ 8 own program notes = ! eight movem5ts4 ,! fir/1 entitl$ 8,/reet ,p>ade10 describes ! circus p>ade z x 8passes on d[n ! /reet40 8,! play+ ( ! b& gr[s fa9t] & dies away 9 ! di/ance40 8,! ,big ,tops0 tells 9 musical t]ms ab\t 8peanuts1 popcorn1 p9k lemonade1 bawl+ side-%[ b>k]s40 ,?is is foll[$ by 8,b>eback ,rid]s40 8,z ! r+ma/] cracks 8 :ip1 ! rid]s p]=m ! miracul\s feats 444 t make horseback rid]s ! objects ( su* awe & admiration40 ,! f\r? movem5t is 9 ?ree p>ts4 ,! fir/ is devot$ to 8,! ,lion's ,cage40 8,! ro> ( ! lions is blood curdl+1 b !y g ?r\gh _! tricks ) no damage to any ( u40 ,! second speaks ab\t 8,! ,dog & ! ,monkey ,circus40 8,into ! r+ da% a :ole k5nel full ( small dogs guis$ z race horses1 ridd5 by monkeys dress$ z jockeys40 ,9 ! ?ird1 we get a picture ( 8,! ,waltz+ ,elephants40 8,! great bea/s solemnly waltz to a tune t is a pa*yd]m\s v]sion ( ! !me ( ! b>eback rid]s40 ,9 ! fif? movem5t1 8,tight-,rope ,walk]10 ! p]=m] 8balances 8 p>asol2 he pir\ettes & slips & slides z he makes 8 p]il\s way along ! taut wire40 8,! ,juggl]s10 9 ! six? movem5t1 8juggle little balls & big ones1 knives1 di%es1 hats1 light$ c&les44440 ,ev5 ! or*e/ra is seiz$ by ! contagion & f9ally juggles its ma9 !me1 keep+ ?ree v]sions ( x 9 ! air4 ,9 8,cl[ns10 two ( !m 8come out to play u a tune4444 ,f9ally1 aft] a furi\s argum5t1 ! entire cl[n b& manages to play ! tune ?r\gh1 amid applause40 ,! f9ale1 ! compos] goes on to expla91 8might bett] be call$ #8,look+ ,back4' ,= ! circus is ov]1 & we are back at home1 try+ to tell a slightly inatt5tive family :at we saw & he>d4 ,! helpful or*e/ra evokes recollections ( juggl]s1 cl[ns1 b>eback rid]s1 tight-rope walk]s1 tra9$ animals40 ,?r\gh ! ,look+ ,glass1 a suite = or*e/ra 7#aiai7 is a musical sett+ ( episodes f ,lewis ,c>roll's delightful tale ( ! same "n4 ,taylor's suite is 9 f\r movem5ts1 = :i* he has provid$ 8 own program4 ,! fir/ movem5t1 8,d$ication2 ,! ,g>d5 ( ,live ,fl[]s10 consi/s ( 8a simple song !me1 briefly develop$10 :i* leads imm$iately to ! brisk music ( 8,! ,g>d5 ( ,live ,fl[]s40 ,9 ! second movem5t1 8,jabb]wocky10 ! !me ( ! frightful bea/1 ! ,jabb]wock1 8is fir/ ann\nc$ by ! full or*e/ra4 ,! cl>9et !n beg9s ! tale ) ! battle ) ! mon/]s rec\nt$ 9 a %ort & r repellant fugue40 ,! ?ird movem5t1 8,look+ ,glass ,insects0 tells ( 8! vocif]\s dipt]a t made su* an impression on ,alice--! ,bee-elephant1 ! ,gnat1 ! ,rock+horse fly1 & ! ,bread-&-butt] fly40 ,! la/ movem5t1 8,! ,:ite ,knight0 has two !mes4 8,! fir/ is a sort ( in/rum5tal prance1 be+ ! knight's own conception ( himself z a sla%+ d>$evil4 ,! second is bl&1 melliflu\s1 a little s5tim5tal--mu* m l ! knight z he really 040 ,pet] ,ilit* ,t*aikovsky ,pet] ,ilit* ,t*aikovsky 0 born 9 ,votk9sk1 ,russia1 on ,may #g1 #ahdj4 ,s]i\s music /udy began comp>atively late1 s9ce he prep>$ = a c>e] 9 law & !n = ?ree ye>s s]v$ z cl]k 9 ! ,m9i/ry ( ,ju/ice4 ,he _h1 h[ev]1 reveal$ unusual s5sitivity = music f e>lie/ *ildhood1 & _h receiv$ "s tra9+ on ! piano f ! "t he 0 five4 ,int5sive music /udy1 h[ev]1 did n beg9 until #ahfa :5 he became a pupil ( ,ni*olas ,z>emba1 & x 0 complet$ at ! ,/4 ,pet]sburg ,cons]vatory4 ,8 pr(essional c>e] began 9 #ahfe1 ! ye> 9 :i* he 0 appo9t$ pr(essor ( h>mony at ! newly f\nd$ ,mosc[ ,cons]vatory4 ,?is 0 also ! ye> :5 "o ( 8 compositions 0 p]=m$ = ! fir/ "t3 ,*>act]i/ic ,dances1 = or*e/ra1 introduc$ by ,johann ,/rauss ,,ii 9 ,pavlovsk1 ,russia4 ,t*aikovsky's fir/ symphony 0 introduc$ 9 ,mosc[ 9 #ahfh2 8 fir/ op]a1 ,! ,voivoda1 9 ,mosc[ 9 #ahfi2 & 8 fir/ ma/]work--! or*e/ral fantasy ,romeo & ,juliet--9 ,mosc[ 9 #ahgj4 ,dur+ ! next half doz5 ye>s he rea*$ maturity z compos] ) ! completion ( 8 second & ?ird symphonies1 fir/ two /r+ qu>tets1 fam\s ,piano ,conc]to ,no4 #a1 & ! or*e/ral fantasy1 ,francesca da ,rim9i4 ,9 #ahgg1 ,t*aikovsky emb>k$ precipit\sly on a disa/r\s m>riage ) ,anton9a ,miliukova4 ,he did n love h]1 b 0 flatt]$ by h] adoration ( 8 music4 ,9 all probability he reg>d$ ?is m>riage z a conv5i5t cloak ) :i* to conceal 8 sexual ab]ration :i* 0 already caus+ "s talk 9 ,mosc[ & ( :i* he 0 he>tily a%am$4 ,9 any ev5t1 ?is m>riage prov$ a nightm>e f ! beg9n+4 ,always hyp]s5sitive1 he n[ became a victim ( m5tal torm5t :i* l$ him to try suicide4 ,fail+ t1 he fl$ f 8 wife to f9d refuge 9 8 bro!r's h\se :]e he collaps$ physically4 ,= a ye> aft] t he travel$ ab\t aimlessly 9 ,europe4 ,?is /range relation%ip ) 8 wife 0 foll[$ by ano!r "o1 ev5 m curi\s & unor?odox1 ) ! woman :om he admir$ & lov$ above all o!rs4 ,%e 0 ! weal?y patroness & wid[1 ,nadezhda von ,meck1 ) :om he ma9ta9$ a fri5d%ip la/+ ?irte5 ye>s4 ,b dur+ all t "t he nev] once met h] p]sonally1 _! fri5d%ip be+ develop$ ?r\gh an ex*ange ( (t5 t5d] at times ev5 passionate lett]s4 ,%e _h writt5 him to speak ( h] admiration = 8 music & he _h repli$ 9 gratitude4 ,be=e long1 %e end[$ him ) a g5]\s annual subsidy to all[ him full fre$om to write music4 ,f !n on1 !y wrote ea* o!r frequ5tly1 ) ,t*aikovsky (t5 b>+ 8 he>t & s\l4 ,! reason :y !y nev] met 0 t ,mme4 von ,meck _h firmly e/abli%$ t condition = ! cont9uation ( _! fri5d%ip & h] f9ancial g5]osity4 ,:y ?is /range reque/ 0 made1 & :y %e adh]$ to x s t5aci\sly1 has nev] be5 adequately expla9$4 ,%e may h be5 influ5c$ by _! diff]5t /ations 9 life1 or by h] excessive devotion to h] *ildr51 or ev5 by a k ( ! compos]'s sexual deviation4 ,n[ f9ancially indep5d5t--& /r5g!n$ by ! k9dness1 affection & sympa?y ( 8 patroness--,t*aikovsky ent]$ ^u "o ( 8 ri*e/ creative p]iods by produc+ "o ma/]work aft] ano!r3 ! f\r? & fif? symphonies1 ! op]a1 ,eug5e ,oneg92 ! viol9 conc]to2 ! ,capriccio itali51 = or*e/ra2 a libr>y ( wond]ful songs4 ,inevitably he n[ assum$ a rank ( fir/ importance 9 ,russian music4 ,9 #ahhd he 0 honor$ by ! ,cz> ) ! ,ord] ( ,/4 ,vladimir1 & 9 #ahhh a life p5sion 0 conf]r$ ^u him by ! ,russian gov]nm5t4 ,9 #ahij1 :ile travel+ 9 ! ,caucasus1 ,t*aikovsky he>d f ,mme4 von ,meck t %e _h rec5tly suff]$ f9ancial rev]ses & 0 compell$ to t]m9ate h] subsidy4 ,! compos] repli$ t he 0 no long] 9 ne$ ( h] f9ancial help b t he hop$ _! fri5d%ip might cont9ue4 ,to ?is1 & to all subsequ5t lett]s by ,t*aikovsky1 ,mme4 von ,meck rema9$ sil5t4 ,^u return+ to ,mosc[1 ,t*aikovsky discov]$ t 8 patroness 0 9 no f9ancial difficulties :atsoev]1 b _h us$ ?is z an excuse to t]m9ate a relation%ip ( :i* %e _h gr[n we>y4 ,! loss ( 8 de>e/ fri5d1 & ! speci\s reason giv5 = ! t]m9ation ( _! relation%ip1 0 an ov]:elm+ bl[1 "o l>gely responsible = ! fits ( melan*olia into :i* ,t*aikovsky laps$ s frequ5tly f ?is "t on4 ,9 #ahia1 ,t*aikovsky paid 8 only visit to ! ,unit$ ,/ates :]e he help$ op5 ,c>negie ,hall 9 ,new ,york by direct+ a p]=mance ( 8 own ,ov]ture #ahab4 ,aft] return+ to ,russia1 he became s morbid1 & succumb$ s helplessly to fits ( despair1 t at times he ?\ght he 0 los+ 8 m9d4 ,9 su* a mood he wrote 8 la/ symphony1 ! ,pa?tique1 "o ( ! mo/ tragic utt]ances 9 all music2 !re is good reason to believe t :5 ,t*aikovsky wrote ?is music he 0 creat+ 8 own requiem4 ,he di$ 9 ,/4 ,pet]sburg on ,novemb] #f1 #ahic1 a victim ( *ol]a contract$ :5 he drank a glass ( boil$ wat] dur+ an epidemic4 ,! qualities 9 8 major s]i\s works t made ,t*aikovsky "o ( ! be/ lov$ & mo/ frequ5tly p]=m$ compos]s 9 ! _w are also ! traits t br+ 8 less] works into ! p]man5t semi-classical rep]tory3 an endless fund ( beautiful melody2 an affect+ s5tim5t t at times lapses into s5tim5tality2 a lack ( inhibitions 9 voic+ 8 deepe/ emotions & mo/ p]sonal ?\ghts4 ,! ,&ante ,cantabile is a g5tle1 melan*oly song 9 ?ree-"p =m :i* comes f "o ( ! compos]'s /r+ qu>tets1 9 ,d major1 op4 #aa 7#ahga74 ,?is is ! second movem5t ( ! qu>tet1 & ! reason :y ?is "w z a :ole is /ill occasionally p]=m$4 ,?is fam\s melody1 h[ev]1 is n orig9al ) ! compos]1 b a quotation ( a ,russian folk song1 8,vanya ,sat on ! ,divan10 :i* ! compos] he>d a bak] s+ 9 ,kam5ka1 ,russia4 ,t*aikovsky himself adapt$ ?is music = or*e/ra4 ,9 #aida1 ?is melody 0 adapt$ into ! ,am]ican popul> song1 8,on ! ,isle ( ,may40 ,*anson ,tri/e is ano!r ( ! compos]'s s(t1 g5tle melodies t is fill$ ) s5tim5t4 ,?is is ! second ( twelve *ildr5's pieces = ! piano 8( mod]ate difficulty10 op4 #dj 7#ahgf-ahgg74 ,humoresque1 op4 #aj1 no4 #b 7#ahga7--;a 8humoresque0 be+ an in/rum5tal composition 9 a :imsical ve9--f9ds ,t*aikovsky 9 a less famili> attitude1 t ( grotesqu]ie4 ,?is sprightly little tune is almo/ z celebrat$ z ! v popul> ,humoresque ( ,dvok2 & l t ( ,dvok1 x orig9at$ z a composition = ! piano1 a companion to a ,nocturne :i* x foll[s4 ,fritz ,kreisl] made a f9e transcription = viol9 & piano1 :ile ,/ok[ski 0 "o ( sev]al to adapt x = or*e/ra4 ,! ,m>*e ,slav1 = or*e/ra1 op4 #ca 7#ahgf7 0 int5d$ = a b5efit conc]t 9 ,/4 ,pet]sburg = ,s]bian soldi]s w\nd$ 9 ! w> ) ,turkey4 ,at t p]=mance1 ! "w ar\s$ a 8:ole /orm ( patriotic en?usiasm10 z ! compos] himself report$4 ,! "w op5s ) a broad ,slavic m>* melody :i* ,t*aikovsky borr[$ f a ,s]bian folk song4 ,! middle trio section is made up ( two o!r folk tunes4 ,! composition ends ) a triumphant re/atem5t ( ! op5+ m>* melody1 n[ speak+ = ! victory ( ! ,s]bs ov] ! ,turks4 ,! ,melodie1 9 ,e-flat major1 op4 #db1 no4 #c 7#ahgh7 is a simple & haunt+ little song t orig9at$ z a piece = viol9 & piano4 ,x appe>s 9 a set ( ?ree su* pieces entitl$ ,s\v5ir d'un lieu *]1 ( :i* x is ! clos+ numb]4 ,?is melody 0 us$ 9 #aida = ! ,am]ican popul> song1 8,! ,?+s ,i ,love40 ,! ,mon?s1 op4 #cg;b 7#ahgf7 is a suite = piano out ( :i* come sev]al compositions exce$+ly popul> 9 transcriptions4 ,ea* movem5t ( ?is suite is devot$ to a mon? ( ! ye>4 ,! six? movem5t is ,june1 a little b>c>olle1 or ,v5etian boat song4 ,! t5?1 = ,octob]1 is ,autumn ,song1 a g5tle melody lightly t\*$ by sadness4 ,! elev5?1 = ,novemb]1 is by contra/ a lively piece entitl$ ,troika en ,traneaux1 or ,! ,troika4 8,none ,b ! ,lonely ,he>t0 is "o ( ,t*aikovsky's mo/ fam\s songs1 a melan*oly sett+ ( ,goe!'s poem4 ,?is is ! la/ ( a set ( six songs1 op4 #af 7#ahgb7 :i* is ext5sively p]=m$ 9 transcriptions ( all sorts4 ,! ,nutcrack] ,suite1 or ,casse-,noisette1 op4 #ga;a 7#ahib7 is a suite = or*e/ra adapt$ f a ballet score4 ,! ballet 7introduc$ 9 ,/4 ,pet]sburg 9 #ahib7 tells ab\t a nutcrack]1 receiv$ z a ,*ri/mas gift by a little girl1 :i* 9 h] dreams becomes a h&some pr9ce4 ,he leads toys into battle aga9/ mice1 & conducts ! little girl to ,jam ,m\nta91 ,arabia1 :]e %e is delight$ ) all k9ds ( games & dances4 ,^? accu/om$ to associate ! "n ( ,t*aikovsky ) lugubri\s music w f9d ?is suite a revelation1 = x is fill$ ) ! mo/ en*ant+ moods1 & is consi/5tly light ( he>t & _s4 ,! highly popul> suite = or*e/ra is made up ( eight little movem5ts4 8,m9iature ,ov]ture0 is built f two lively tunes4 ,! ma9 subject ( ! 8,m>*0 is a p]t melody = cl>9et1 horn1 & two trumpets2 ! trio section consi/s ( a vivaci\s /accato melody = ! woodw9d & /r+s4 8,! ,dance ( ! ,sug>plum ,fairy0 is a s5sitive melody = ! cele/a1 ! 8,trepak0 is a vigor\s1 rhy?mic ,russian dance1 ! 8,arabian ,dance0 is an exotic melody = ! cl>9et1 & ! 8,*9ese ,dance0 an ,ori5tal subject = flute & piccolo4 ,! two la/ movem5ts are ! 8,dance ( ! ,flutes0 9 :i* a s5sitive melody = flutes is contra/$ by a m robu/ section = trumpets1 & ! 8,waltz ( ! ,fl[]s10 :]e ! waltz tune 9 horns & !n 9 cl>9ets is foll[$ by two m important ideas1 ! fir/ 9 ! /r+s1 & ! second 9 flutes & oboe4 ,! ,ov]ture #ahab is a conc]t ov]ture = or*e/ra1 op4 #di 7#ahhj7 commission$ = ! consecration ( a temple built z a memorial to ,napoleon's defeat 9 ,russia 9 #ahab4 ,?is ov]ture 0 int5d$ by ! compos] to describe ! hi/oric ev5ts ( ,napoleon's invasion ( & flight f ,russia4 ,an introductory section quotes ! well-kn[n ,russian hymn1 8,god ,pres]ve ,?y ,p40 ,9 ! ma9 body ( ! ov]ture1 ! ,battle ( ,borod9o is dramatically depict$1 ! two oppos+ armies repres5t$ by quotations f ! ,m>seillaise & ! ,russian national an!m4 ,a climax is rea*$ ) a triumphant re/atem5t ( ! ,russian national an!m4 ,! ,polonaise is "o ( two celebrat$ dance episodes 9 ! op]a ,eug5e ,oneg94 7,! o!r is ! ,waltz discuss$ bel[47 ,?is ?ree-act op]a is bas$ on a poem by ,pu%k91 adapt$ by ,kon/ant9 ,%ilovsky & ! compos] himself1 & 0 introduc$ 9 ,mosc[ on ,m>* #bi1 #ahgi4 ,! sett+ is ,/4 ,pet]sburg 9 or ab\t #ahae1 & its c5tral !me conc]ns ! fru/rat$ love affair ( ,eug5e ,oneg9 & ,tatiana4 ,! brilliant music ( ! ,polonaise is he>d 9 ! fir/ sc5e ( ,act #c4 ,9 ! palace ( ,pr9ce ,grem9 !re takes place a reception dur+ :i* ! gue/s dance to ! vital /ra9s ( ?is c\rtly ,poli% dance1 its vigor d]iv$ f %>p syncopations & acc5ts on ! half beat4 ,romance1 9 ,f m9or1 op4 #e 7#ahfh7 is a composition = piano writt5 by ! compos] :5 he believ$ himself 9 love ) ! s+]1 ,dsire ,artt1 to :om ! piece is d$icat$4 ,?is music gives voice to a romantic ardor4 ,! ,srnade mlancolique 9 ,b-flat m9or1 op4 #bf 7#ahge7 is a "w = viol9 & or*e/ra4 ,z ! title indicates x is a s5tim5tal r ?an romantic effusion4 ,"h a brief subject leads to a so>+ ?ree-"p song = ! viol94 ,s]5ade = ,/r+s1 9 ,c major1 op4 #dh 7#ahhj7 is p>ticul>ly fam\s = its second & ?ird movem5ts4 ,! second is a ,waltz1 p]haps ! mo/ popul> ( ?is compos]'s _m well lov$ waltzes4 ,?is is a graceful1 ev5 elegant1 dance movem5t1 ! waltz ( ! ,p>isian salon r ?an ! m vital & e>?y dance ( ,vi5na4 ,su* a light-he>t$ mood is in/antly dispell$ by ! gloom ( ! ?ird movem5t1 an eloqu5t ,elegy1 9 :i* ! sorr[ is all ! m poignant because x is s subdu$ & re/ra9$4 ,solitude1 op4 #gc1 no4 #f 7#ahic7--sometimes kn[n z ,aga9 z ,be=e--is a song set to a poem by ,d4 ,m4 ,ra?aus4 ,?is is ! la/ ( a set ( six songs4 ,/ok[ski made an effective arrangem5t = or*e/ra4 ,song ,)\t ,words 7,*anson sans p>oles71 9 ,f major is ! ?ird ( a set ( ?ree pieces = ! piano collectively entitl$ ,s\v5ir de ,hapsal1 op4 #b 7#ahfg74 ,?is t5d] melody is f> m famili> 9 transcriptions ?an x is 9 its orig9al v]sion4 ,t*aikovsky wrote ?ree ,suites = or*e/ra4 ,f two ( ^! come movem5ts :i* mu/ be c\nt$ ) ! compos]'s mo/ popul> works4 ,! ,suite ,no4 #a 9 ,d m9or1 op4 #dc 7#ahhj7 is fam\s = its f\r? movem5t1 a ,m>*e ,m9iature4 ,! inclusion ( ?is section into ! suite 0 some?+ ( an aft]?\ght ) ! compos]1 s9ce x 0 int]polat$ into ! "w only aft] x _h be5 publi%$1 plac$ z a f\r? movem5t betwe5 an int]mezzo & a s*]zo4 ,?is m>* is 9 ! grotesque1 fanta/ic /yle ( ! piano ,humoresque4 ,! ma9 subject is he>d 9 ! piccolo aga9/ pluck$-/r+ accompanim5t4 ,a transitory episode 9 /r+s & bells leads to a developm5t ( ?is melody4 ,! ?ird movem5t f ?is same suite1 ,int]mezzo1 has two ma9 melodies3 ! fir/ appe>s 9 fir/ viol9s1 violas1 bassoons & flute2 ! second1 9 cellos & bassoon4 ,! coda is bas$ on ! fir/ !me4 ,! suite ,no4 #c 9 ,g major1 op4 #ee 7#ahhd7 is a f\r-movem5t "w ( :i* ! second is p>ticul>ly celebrat$4 ,?is is a ,valse mlancolique = full or*e/ra1 highly expressive & emotional music 9 ! compos]'s id5tifiable s5tim5tal /yle4 ,!re are sev]al o!r waltzes by ,t*aikovsky famili> to all lov]s ( light music4 ,! ,valse s5tim5tale1 op4 #ea1 no4 #f comes f a set ( six pieces = ! piano 7#ahhb7 :]e x is ! f9al numb]4 ,! op]a ,eug5e ,oneg9 7comm5t$ ^u above = its ,polonaise7 is also ! s\rce ( a rem>kable waltz episode4 ,?is music1 ! ess5ce ( ari/ocratic /yle & elegance1 appe>s 9 ! fir/ sc5e ( ! second act4 ,tatiana's bir?day is celebrat$ ) a fe/ive p>ty dur+ :i* ! gue/s dance to its infecti\s /ra9s4 ,two o!r fam\s ,t*aikovsky waltzes come f 8 fam\s ballets--,sleep+ ,beauty & ,swan ,lake4 ,9 ! or*e/ral suite d]iv$ f ! score ( ,sleep+ ,beauty1 ! waltz appe>s z ! f\r? & conclud+ movem5t & consi/s ( a lilt+ melody = /r+s :i* is c>ri$ to an ov]p[]+ climax4 ,! ,swan ,lake consi/s ( ?irty-?ree numb]s1 v>i\s comb9ations ( its mo/ popul> sections s]v+ z or*e/ral suites = conc]t p]=mance4 ,! suave waltz music s]ves 9 ! ballet = a dance ( ! swans at ! lakeside 9 ! second act4 ,ambroise ,?omas ,ambroise ,?omas 0 born 9 ,metz1 ,france1 on ,augu/ #e1 #ahaa4 ,betwe5 #ahbh & #ahcb he att5d$ ! ,p>is ,cons]vatory :]e he won num]\s prizes includ+ ! ,prix de ,rome4 ,aft] 8 ?ree-ye> /ay 9 ,rome1 :]e he wrote "s or*e/ral & *amb] music1 he return$ to ,p>is 9 #ahcf & devot$ himself to writ+ op]as4 ,! fir/ 0 ,la d\ble *elle1 produc$ at ! ,opra-,comique 9 #ahcg4 ,8 fir/ success 0 realiz$ 9 #ahdc ) ,m9a1 & 9 #ahff ! op]a by :i* he is rememb]$1 ,mignon1 0 triumphantly introduc$ at ! ,opra-,comique4 ,lat] op]as includ$ ,hamlet 7#ahfh7 & ,franoise de ,rim9i 7#ahhb74 ,9 #ahea1 ,?omas 0 elect$ memb] ( ! ,fr5* ,academy4 ,9 #ahga he 0 appo9t$ director ( ! ,p>is ,cons]vatory1 & 9 #ahid he 0 ! recipi5t ( ! ,gr& ,cross ( ! ,legion ( ,honor4 ,he di$ 9 ,p>is on ,febru>y #ab1 #ahif4 ,mignon repres5ts ! ,fr5* lyric !at] at its be/1 ) its graceful melodies1 *>m+ moods1 & c\rtly grace ( /yle4 ,its _w premire took place at ! ,opra-,comique on ,novemb] #ag1 #ahff4 ,9 less ?an a c5tury x 0 giv5 ov] two ?\s& p]=mances by t company besides becom+ a /aple 9 ! rep]tory ( op]a h\ses ! _w ov]4 ,! op]a is bas$ on ,goe!'s novel1 ,wilhelm ,mei/]1 adapt$ by ,mi*el ,c>r & ,jules ,b>bi]4 ,mignon is a gypsy girl pur*as$ by ,wilhelm ,mei/]4 ,%e falls 9 love ) him & is he>tbrok5 to discov] h[ he is attract$ to ! actress1 ,phil9e4 ,%e tells ! dem5t$ ,lo?>io ( h] sorr[ & ( h] wi% t ,mei/]'s ca/le be burn$ to ! gr\nd4 ,lo?>io !n proce$s to set ,mei/]'s ca/le aflame4 ,mignon1 caught !re91 is sav$ by ,mei/] & !n g5tly nurs$ back to heal?4 ,mei/] n[ realizes he is 9 love ) h] & h] alone4 ,:5 ! dem5t$ ,lo?>io rega9s 8 sanity we le>n t ,mignon is 9 actuality 8 daught] & t ! ca/le he has burn$ is n ,mei/]'s b 8 own4 ,p>ts ( ?is op]a are bett] kn[n ?an ! :ole1 & ?r\gh ^! p>ts ,mignon rema9s des]v$ly popul> on semi-classical programs4 ,! ,ov]ture makes ext5d$ use ( two ( ! op]a's ma9 melodies4 ,! fir/ is 8,connais-tu le pays10 78,kn[e/ ,?\ ! ,l&8071 ,mignon's poignant fir/-act aria 9 :i* %e recalls h] *ildhood 9 "s di/ant l&2 ! melody is giv5 9 ! w9d in/rum5ts aft] a brief introduction4 ,! second aria is ,phil9e's polonaise1 8,je suis ,titania0 78,i am ,titania07 f ! second sc5e ( ! second act4 ,ano!r delightful or*e/ral episode f ?is op]a is a suave1 graceful little gavotte he>d z entr'acte music j be=e ! rise ( ! second-act curta94 ,! ,raymond ,ov]ture is ev5 m popul> ?an t to ,mignon4 ,raymond 0 fir/ p]=m$ at ! ,opra-,comique on ,june #e1 #ahea4 ,! ov]ture op5s ) a spirit$ section punctuat$ ) da%+ *ords4 ,a s]5e transition1 highlight$ by a passage = solo cello1 br+s on a light1 tuneful air 9 ! viol9s aga9/ %>ply acc5t$ pluck$ /r+s2 a graceful c\nt]melody = ! woodw9d foll[s4 ,?is appeal+ mat]ial is repeat$ at "s l5g? ) embelli%m5ts & amplifications until a new ?\ght is ass]t$3 a brisk1 m>*-l melody t sl[ly ga9s 9 sonority & tempo until a climactic po9t is rea*$ 9 :i* ?is m>* melody is =cefully giv5 by ! full or*e/ra4 ,! /r+s !n (f] a s5tim5tal melody by way ( tempor>y relief4 ,b ! ov]ture ends 9 a dramatic & spirit$ mood ) a f9ale /atem5t ( ! m>* tune4 ,enrico ,toselli ,enrico ,toselli 0 born 9 ,flor5ce1 ,italy1 on ,m>* #ac1 #ahhc4 ,aft] /udy+ ) ,sgambati & ,m>tucci1 ,toselli t\r$ ,italy z a conc]t piani/4 ,b he a*iev$ r5[n n on ! conc]t /age b ) ! writ+ ( sev]al romantic songs4 ,"o ( ^! is ! 8,s]5ata10 ,no4 #a1 op4 #f1 ?r\gh :i* 8 "n survives4 ,he also wrote "s or*e/ral music & an op]etta1 ,la ,pr9cipessa bizz>ra 7#aiac7 ^: libretto 0 ! "w ( ! =m] ,cr[n ,pr9cess ,luisa ( ,saxony :om he m>ri$ 9 #aijg !reby creat+ an int]national s5sation4 ,toselli di$ 9 ,flor5ce1 ,italy1 on ,janu>y #ae1 #aibf4 ,! 8,s]5ata0 78,rimpianto07 ) ,italian words by ,alfr$ ,silve/ri & ,engli% lyrics by ,sigmund ,spae? 0 publi%$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 #aibc4 ,?is romantic1 s5tim5tal1 ,italian melody1 z well lov$ 9 ?is c\ntry z 9 ,europe1 0 = _m ye>s us$ by ,g]trude ,b]g z ! !me music = h] radio & television program1 ,! ,goldb]gs4 ,x 0 also us$ z ! !me music = an e>ly talk+ picture1 ,! ,magic ,flame1 9 :i* ,ronald ,colman & ,vilma ,banky 7 />r$4 ,sir ,paolo ,to/i ,sir ,francesco ,paolo ,to/i1 "o ( ,italy's be/ kn[n song compos]s1 0 born 9 ,ortona sul ,m>e1 ,abruzzi1 ,italy1 on ,april #i1 #ahdf4 ,8 musical education took place at ! ,royal ,college ( ,san ,pietro a ,maiella 9 ,naples4 ,he left ,naples 9 #ahfi aft] s]v+ = a :ile z tea*] ( music4 ,return+ to 8 native city he n[ initiat$ 8 c>e] z a compos] ( songs4 ,?\gh a few ( ^! e>ly ef=ts became popul> he fail$ = a long "t to f9d a publi%]4 ,success fir/ came to him 9 ,rome at a song recital 9 :i* he featur$ "s ( 8 own compositions4 ,he scor$ an ev5 great] success z s+]-compos] 9 ,london 9 #ahge4 ,he n[ settl$ p]man5tly 9 ,london1 s]v+ z a s++ ma/] to ! royal family1 & z pr(essor ( s++ at ! ,royal ,academy ( ,music4 ,9 #aijh he 0 knight$4 ,9 #aiac he return$ to 8 native l&4 ,he di$ 9 ,rome on ,decemb] #b1 #aiaf4 ,to/i _h a rem>kable lyric gift t 0 ,italian to its v core 9 ! ease1 fluidity1 & s+abl5ess ( 8 melodies4 ,?is tal5t 0 comb9$ ) an elegant /yle & a s9c]e emotion4 ,8 be/ songs are among ! mo/ popul> to em]ge f ,italy4 ,! mo/ fam\s & ! mo/ mov+ emotionally is )\t "q 8,addio0 78,goodbye1 ,=ev]074 ,almo/ z popul> & appeal+ are 8,ideale0 78,my ,ideal071 8,m>e*i>e10 8,matt9ata10 8,segreto10 8,la ,s]5ata10 & 8,vorrei morire40 ,giuseppe ,v]di ,giuseppe ,v]di1 ! greate/ ( ! ,italian op]a compos]s1 0 born 9 ,le ,roncole1 ,italy1 on ,octob] #aj1 #ahac4 ,he demon/rat$ su* unmi/akable gifts = music 9 8 boyhood t 8 t[nspeople creat$ a fund to s5d him to ! ,milan ,cons]vatory4 ,9 #ahcb he appe>$ 9 ,milan4 ,f9d+ he 0 too old to ga9 admission to ! ,cons]vatory1 he /udi$ composition privately ) ,v9c5zo ,lavigna4 ,= sev]al ye>s ,v]di liv$ 9 ,busseto :]e he conduct$ ! ,philh>monic ,society & wrote 8 fir/ op]a1 ,ob]to1 produc$ 9 ,milan 9 #ahci4 ,n[ settl$ 9 ,milan1 he cont9u$ writ+ op]as1 a*iev+ 8 fir/ major success ) ,nabucco 9 #ahdb4 ,dur+ ! next eight ye>s he solidifi$ 8 position z "o ( ,italy's be/ lov$ op]a compos]s ) sev]al important works among :i* 7 ,ernani 7#ahdd71 ,macbe? 7#ahdg7 & ,luisa ,mill] 7#ahdi74 ,a new era began = ,v]di 9 #ahea ) ,rigoletto1 an era 9 :i* he became ,italy's greate/ ma/] ( op]a1 & "o ( ! =emo/ 9 ! _w4 ,il ,trovatore & ,la ,traviata came 9 #ahec1 to be foll[$ by ,i ,vespri ,siciliani 7#ahee71 ,simone ,boccanegra 7#aheg71 ,un ballo 9 mas*]a 7#ahei71 ,la ,=za del de/9o 7#ahfb71 & ,aida 7#ahga74 ,n[ a man ( consid]able weal? 7z well z fame71 ,v]di b\ght a f>m 9 ,sant' ,agata :]e he h5ce=? sp5t 8 summ]s2 aft] ! completion ( ,aida1 he liv$ !re mo/ ( ! "t 9 comp>ative seclusion1 t5d+ to 8 crops1 g>d5s1 & live /ock4 ,:5 ,cav\r initiat$ ! fir/ ,italian p>liam5t1 ,v]di 0 elect$ deputy4 ,b ,v]di nev] lik$ politics1 & soon )drew f ! political ar5a2 h[ev]1 9 #ahgd1 he accept$ ! honor>y appo9tm5t ( ,s5ator f ! ,k+4 ,z a compos]1 ,v]di rema9$ sil5t = ab\t fifte5 ye>s aft] ,aida4 ,by ! "t ! _w became reconcil$ to ! fact t ,v]di's life "w 0 ov]1 he em]g$ f ?is long p]iod ( )drawal to produce two op]as n[ g5]ally reg>d$ z 8 cr[n+ a*ievem5ts3 ,otello 7#ahhg7 & ,fal/aff 7#ahic74 ,dur+ ! la/ ye>s ( 8 life1 ,v]di liv$ 9 a ,milan hotel4 ,8 sight & he>+ began to det]iorate1 & j be=e 8 dea?--9 ,milan on ,janu>y #bg1 #aija--;he suff]$ a p>alytic /roke4 ,8 dea? 0 m\rn$ by ! entire nation4 ,a qu>t] ( a million m\rn]s cr[d$ ! /reets to wat* 8 bi] pass = its burial 9 ! oratory ( ! ,musicians ,home 9 ,milan--accompani$ by ! /ately music ( a *orus f ,nabucco1 conduct$ by ,toscan9i4 ,v]di's pr(\nd k ( ! !at] & 8 /rong dramatic s5se1 comb9$ ) 8 virtually incomp>able ,italian lyricism1 made him "o ( ! greate/ compos]s = ! musical !at] ( all "t4 ,b x is 8 lyricism--) all its inf9ite *>m & v>iety--t makes s mu* ( 8 writ+ s popul> to s _m 9 su* widely scatt]$ areas ( ! _w4 ,selections f 8 mo/ fam\s op]as are favorites ev5 ) _m :o h nev] se5 !m on ! /age1 because _! emotional appeal is inescapable4 ,aida is an op]a fill$ n only ) "s ( ! mo/ wond]ful melodies to be f\nd 9 ,italian op]a b also ) sc5es ( pomp1 c]emony1 ) exotic attractions1 & ) episodes dynamic ) dramatic int]e/4 ,?is 0 ! op]a t br\ght ,v]di's second creative p]iod to a ri* culm9ation2 & x is unque/ionably "o ( ! compos]'s ma/]works4 ,he wrote x on a commission f ! ,egyptian ,kh$ive = c]emonies commemorat+ ! op5+ ( ! ,suez ,canal4 ,h[ev]1 ,v]di took s long to complete 8 op]a t x 0 n p]=m$ 9 ,cairo until ab\t two ye>s aft] ! canal _h be5 op5$1 on ,decemb] #bd1 #ahga4 ,! libretto--by ,antonio ,ghislanzoni--0 bas$ on a plot by ,m>iette ,bey4 ,radames1 capta9 ( ! ,egyptian gu>d1 is 9 love ) ,aida1 ! ,e?iopian slave ( ,amn]is4 ,! latt]1 daught] ( ! ,k+ ( ,egypt1 is h]self 9 love ) ,radames4 ,:5 an invad+ ,e?iopian =ce comes to ?reat5 ,egypt1 ,radames becomes ! comm&] ( ! army & proves himself a h]o4 ,lavi% fe/ivities & c]emonies celebrate 8 victori\s return1 dur+ :i* ! k+ ( ,egypt (f]s him ! h& ( ,amn]is z rew>d4 ,b ,radames is /ill 9 love ) ,aida4 ,s9ce ,aida is actually ! daught] ( ! ,e?iopian k+1 %e manages to extract f ,radames ! secret maneuv]s ( ! ,egyptian army1 in=mation enabl+ ! ,e?iopian army to de/roy ! ,egyptians4 ,= ?is trea*]y1 ,radames is buri$ alive2 & ,aida1 /ill 9 love ) him1 comes )9 8 tomb to die ) him4 ,! brief ov]ture op5s ) a t5d] melody 9 viol9s sugge/+ ,aida4 ,aft] an effective developm5t we he> a somb] & brood+ motive ( ! ,prie/s ( ,isis1 :i* soon receives contrapuntal treatm5t4 ,! ,aida motive is dramatiz$1 br\ght to a magnific5t climax1 !n all[$ to subside4 ,! ,ballet ,music is fam\s = its brilliant h>monic & or*e/ral colors1 exotic melodies1 & pulsat+ rhy?ms4 ,9 ,act #b1 ,sc5e #a !re takes place ! ,dance ( ! ,moori% ,slaves1 an ori5tal dance p]=m$ be=e ,amn]is by ! ,moori% boys4 ,! ,ballabile is ano!r ori5tal dance :i* appe>s 9 ,act #b1 ,sc5e #b1 p]=m$ by ! danc+ girls dur+ ! celebration att5d+ ! arrival ( ! triumphant ,egyptian army head$ by ,radames4 ,9 ?is sc5e !re is also he>d ! /irr+ /ra9s ( ! ,gr& ,m>*4 ,?is m>* beg9s s(tly b soon ga!rs its /r5g? & erupts ) full =ce z ! k+1 8 att5dants1 ! ,prie/s1 ! /&>d be>]s1 ,amn]is & h] slaves appe> 9 a brilliant procession4 ,! p raise a cry ( praise to ! k+ & _! ,gods 9 8,gloria all' ,egitto40 ,aft] ?is comes ! dramatic m>* music to :i* ! ,egyptian troops1 ) ,radames at _! head1 ent] triumphantly into ! squ>e & file pr\dly be=e _! k+4 ,( ! vocal exc]pts ! mo/ fam\s is und\bt$ly ,radames' ec/atic song ( love to ,aida 9 ! fir/ act1 fir/ sc5e1 8,cele/e ,aida10 surely "o ( ! mo/ fam\s t5or arias 9 all op]a4 ,two pr9cipal arias = soprano are by ,aida4 ,! fir/ is h] exultant pray] t ,radames come back victori\s f ! w>1 8,ritorna v9citor0 9 ,act #a1 ,sc5e #a2 ! o!r1 8,o ,patria mia10 9 ,act #c1 is h] poignant recollection ( h] belov$ homel& 9 ,e?iopia4 ,amn]is' mov+ aria 9 ,act #b1 ,sc5e #a1 8,vi5i amor mio0 :]e %e ?9ks ab\t h] belov$ ,radames1 & ! conclud+ sc5e ( ! op]a 9 :i* ,radames & ,aida bid ! _w f>ewell1 8,o t]ra1 addio0 are also fam\s4 ,la ,=za del de/9o 7,! ,=ce ( ,de/9y7 has a popul> ov]ture4 ,?is op]a 0 fir/ p]=m$ 9 ,/4 ,pet]sburg1 ,russia on ,novemb] #aj1 #ahfb--libretto by ,francesco ,piave bas$ on a play by ! ,duke de ,riva4 ,leonora1 daught] ( ! ,m>quis ( ,calatrava1 is 9 love ) ,don ,alv>o1 a nobleman ( ,inca orig94 ,:5 !y plan elopem5t1 ,leonora's fa!r int]v5es & is accid5tally kill$ 9 ! ensu+ brawl4 ,leonora's bro!r1 ,don ,c>lo1 swe>s to av5ge ?is dea? by kill+ ,don ,alv>o4 ,on ! field ( battle1 ,don ,alv>o saves ,don ,c>lo's life4 ,n recogniz+ ,don ,alv>o z 8 sworn enemy1 ,don ,c>lo pl$ges et]nal fri5d%ip2 b ^u discov]+ ,don ,alv>o's true id5tity1 he *all5ges him to a duel 9 :i* ,don ,c>lo is w\nd$4 ,aw>e t he has br\ght doom to two p close/ & de>e/ to 8 belov$ ,leonora1 ,don ,alv>o seeks sanctu>y 9 a mona/]y :]e _m ye>s lat] he is f\nd by ,don ,c>lo4 ,9 ! sword duel t foll[s1 ,don ,alv>o kills ,don ,c>lo1 ^: la/ act is to plunge a fatal knife into 8 si/]'s he>t4 ,a trumpet bla/1 creat+ an om9\s air ( doom1 op5s ! ov]ture4 ,an air 9 a m9or key !n leads to a g5tle song = /r+s2 ?is is ,leonora's pray] = help & protection to ! ,virg9 9 ! second sc5e ( ! second act1 8,madre pietosa40 ,a light pa/oral tune1 depict+ ! ,italian c\ntryside 9 ! ?ird act1 is n[ he>d4 ,leonora's song ( pray] is n[ =cefully repeat$ by ! full or*e/ra1 aft] :i* ! ov]ture ends robu/ly4 ,rigoletto1 introduc$ 9 ,v5ice on ,m>* #aa1 #ahea1 is bas$ on ! ,victor ,hugo play1 ,le ,roi s'amuse adapt$ by ,francesco ,piave4 ,rigoletto is ! hun*back$ je/] to ! ,duke ( ,mantua :o jeal\sly gu>ds 8 daught]1 ,gilda1 f ! _w outside _! home4 ,disguis$ z a /ud5t1 ! ,duke woos ,gilda & w9s h] love4 ,s9ce ! ,duke's c\rti]s hate ! je/]1 !y conspire to abduct ,gilda & br+ h] to ! ducal c\rt to become ! ,duke's mi/ress4 ,di/raught at ?is turn ( affairs1 ! je/] v[s to kill ! ,duke & hires a pr(essional assass9 to p]=m ?is evil de$4 ,b s9ce 8 own si/] loves ! ,duke1 ! assass9 decides to sp>e him & to kill a /rang] in/ead4 ,! /rang] proves to be none o!r ?an ,gilda1 disguis$ z a man = a project$ flight to ,v]ona4 ,! body is plac$ 9 a sack = deliv]y to ,rigoletto :o1 be=e he c get rid ( ! body1 discov]s t x is t ( 8 belov$ daught]4 ,! foll[+ are ! be/ lov$ & mo/ widely p]=m$ exc]pts f ?is tuneful op]a3 ! ,ballata1 8,que/a o quella0 f ! fir/ act 9 :i* ! ,duke flippantly talks ( love & 8 _m conque/s2 ! graceful ,m9uet to :i* ! c\rti]s dance dur+ a p>ty at ! ,ducal palace 9 ! same act2 ,gilda's fam\s coloratura aria1 8,c>o nome0 f ! second act1 9 :i* %e dreams ab\t ! 8/ud5t0 ) :om %e has fall5 9 love2 ! light & caprici\s aria ( ! ,duke1 8,la donna mobile0 f ! ?ird act1 9 :i* ! ,duke mock+ly comm5ts on fickle womanhood1 & "o ( ! mo/ celebrat$ t5or arias 9 ! rep]tory2 ! qu>tet 8,bella figlia dell' amore0--z celebrat$ an ensemble numb] z 8,la donna mobile0 is z an aria--9 :i* ea* ( ! f\r pr9cipal *>act]s ( ! op]a 7,gilda1 ,rigoletto1 ! ,duke1 & ,maddal5a7 speaks ( 8 or h] inn] turmoil1 d\bts1 & hatr$s 9 ! ?ird act4 ,la ,traviata 7,! ,lo/ ,"o7 is ,francesco ,m>ia ,piave's adaptation ( ,alex&re ,dumas' celebrat$ romance1 ,la ,dame aux camlias4 ,its c5tral !me is ! tragic tale ( ! c\rtesan1 ,violetta1 :o falls 9 love ) & is lov$ by ,alfr$o ,g]mont4 ,aft] !y live toge!r = a blissful p]iod1 ,alfr$o's fa!r is in/rum5tal 9 break+ up ! affair by conv9c+ ,violetta %e mu/ give up h] lov] = 8 own good4 ,%e does s by feign+ %e has gr[n tir$ ( him4 ,only too late does ,alfr$o le>n ! tru?2 :5 he returns to ,violetta1 %e is dy+ ( tub]culosis4 ,! premire ( ,la ,traviata 9 ,v5ice on ,m>* #f1 #ahec 0 a dismal failure4 ,! public react$ unfavorably to a play x reg>d$ immoral1 & to ! sight ( a heal?y prima donna seem+ly wa/+ away ) tub]culosis2 x also res5t$ ! fact t ! op]a 0 giv5 9 contempor>y dress4 ,at a revival1 a ye> lat] 9 ,v5ice1 ! op]a 0 p]=m$ 9 co/ume & sett+s ( an e>li] p]iod4 ,pr(it+ fur!r f a c>efully prep>$ pres5tation1 ! op]a n[ ca/ a spell on its audi5ce4 ,f ?is po9t on1 ,la ,traviata w5t on to conqu] ! op]a _w to become "o ( ! mo/ popul> op]as ev] writt54 ,! or*e/ral preludes to ! fir/ & ?ird act are celebrat$4 ,! ,prelude to ,act #a beg9s s(tly & sl[ly ) a poignant melody sugge/+ ,violetta's fatal sickness2 ?is is foll[$ by a broad1 ri* song = ! /r+s describ+ ,violetta's expression ( love = ,alfr$o4 ,! ,prelude to ,act #c also beg9s ) ! sad1 sl[ melody speak+ ( ,violetta's illness4 ,! music !n becomes expressive & t5d] to po9t up ! trag$y ( h] life2 ?is prelude ends ) a succession ( brok5 phrases z ,violetta's life sl[ly ebbs away4 ,! foll[+ are ! pr9cipal vocal selections f ,la ,traviata3 ! op5+ dr9k+ song1 or ,br9disi 78,libiamo1 libiamo072 ,violetta's _w-fam\s aria1 8,ah1 =s lui0 9 :i* %e reveals h] love = ,alfr$o foll[$ imm$iately by h] det]m9ation to rema9 free & pleasure-lov+ 78,sempre lib]a07 also 9 ! fir/ act2 ,alfr$o's expression ( joy t ,violetta has come to live ) him1 8,de' miei boll5ti spiriti0 & ! eld] ,g]mont's recollection ( 8 happy home 9 ! ,prov5ce1 8,di ,prov5za il m>0 f ! second act2 ,violetta's pa!tic f>ewell to ! _w1 8,addio del passato10 & ,alfr$o's promise to ! dy+ ,violetta to return toge!r to _! happy home ne> ,p>is1 8,p>igi1 o c>a0 f ! f\r? act4 ,il ,trovatore 7,! ,tr\bad\rs7 is s full ( famili> melodies t1 l a play ( ,%akespe>e1 x appe>s to be replete ) 8quotations40 ,x 0 fir/ p]=m$ 9 ,rome on ,janu>y #ai1 #ahec4 ,! libretto by ,salvatore ,comm>no1 bas$ on a play by ,antonio ,g>cia ,gutirrez1 is complicat$ to a po9t ( obscurity1 & fill$ ) co9cid5ces & improbabilities2 b ?is did n prev5t ,v]di f creat+ "o ( 8 mo/ melodi\s scores1 an inexhau/ible res]voir ( un=gettable arias & ensemble numb]s4 ,! /ory involves ,c\nt di ,luna 9 a fru/rat$ love affair ) ,leonora2 8 rival is ,manrico1 an (fic] ( a rival army ) :om ,leonora is 9 love4 ,! gypsy ,azuc5a conv9ces ,manrico1 h] fo/] son1 t ,c\nt di ,luna _h be5 responsible = ! dea? ( ,manrico's fa!r1 & incites him on to av5ge t murd]4 ,lat] 9 ! play1 ,azuc5a & ,manrico are captur$ by ,di ,luna's army4 ,to help free ,manrico1 ,leonora promises to m>ry ! ,c\nt4 ,r ?an pay ?is price1 ,leonora takes poison & dies at ,manrico's feet4 ,manrico is n[ s5t5c$ to be execut$4 ,aft] 8 dea?1 ,azuc5a1 half-craz$1 reveals t ,manrico is really ,c\nt di ,luna's half bro!r4 ,! long li/ ( favorite selections f ,il ,trovatore includes ! foll[+3 ,manrico's beautiful s]5ade to ,leonora 9 ,act #a1 ,sc5e #b1 8,des]to sulla t]ra02 ,leonora's poignant recollections ( a my/]i\s admir] 9 ! second sc5e1 8,tacea la notte placida02 ! ev] popul> ,anvil ,*orus ( ! gypsies ) :i* ! second act op5s1 8,v$i6 le fos*e02 ,azuc5a's /irr+ recollection ( ! "t long pa/ :5 h] "m _h be5 burn$ z a wit*1 8,/ride la vampa10 & ,c\nt di ,luna's expression ( love = ,leonora1 8,il bal50 also 9 ! second act2 9 ! ?ird act1 ,manrico's dramatic aria1 8,di quella pira0 & ! r\s+ soldi]'s *orus ( ,manrico's troops1 8,squilli1 e*eggi la tromba gu]ri]a02 ,leonora's pray] = h] belov$ ,manrico 8,d'amor sull' ali rosee0 foll[$ imm$iately by ! _w-fam\s ,mis]]e 78,ah1 *e la morte ognora071 a *oral *ant ask+ pity & salvation f ! prison]s1 all 9 ! fir/ sc5e ( ! f\r? act2 & ! poignant duet ( ,manrico & ,azuc5a 9 ! f9al sc5e1 a f]v5t1 gl[+ hope t "s day !y c return to _! belov$ m\nta9 c\ntry 9 peace & love1 8,ai no/ri monti40 ,:ile ,i ,vespri siciliani1 or ,les ,vpres sicili5nes 7,sicilian ,vesp]s7 is "o ( ,v]di's less famili> op]as1 its ov]ture is "o ( 8 mo/ successful4 ,! op]a-libretto by ,eugne ,scribe & ,*>les ,duveyri]--0 fir/ p]=m$ at ! ,p>is ,opra on ,june #ac1 #ahee4 ,its sett+ is #ac?-c5tury ,sicily :]e ! peasants rise 9 revolt aga9/ ! occupy+ ,fr5*4 ,! ov]ture is con/ruct$ f "s basic melodies f ! op]a4 ,! fir/ ,allegro !me speaks ( ! massacre ( ! ,fr5* g>rison4 ,a second melody--a beautiful lyrical passage pianissimo aga9/ tremolos--is tak5 f ! f>ewell sc5e ( ! h]o & ! h]o9e :o are ab\t to die4 ,ri*>d ,wagn] ,wilhelm ,ri*>d ,wagn]1 g5ius ( ! music drama1 0 born 9 ,leipzig1 ,g]many1 on ,may #bb1 #ahac4 ,9 8 academic /udies 7at ! ,kreuzs*ule 9 ,dresd51 ! ,nikolais*ule 9 ,leipzig1 & ! ,univ]sity ( ,leipzig7 he 0 an indiff]5t1 lazy1 & irresponsible /ud5t4 ,b 8 int5sity & s]i\sness ( purpose :]e music 0 conc]n$ 7 evid5t f ! beg9n+4 ,he /udi$ !ory by memoriz+ a textbook & !n by receiv+ "s =mal in/ruction f ,!odor ,we9lig4 ,9 %ort ord] he complet$ an ov]ture & a symphony t receiv$ p]=mances betwe5 #ahcb & #ahcc2 9 #ahcd he complet$ 8 fir/ op]a1 ,die ,fe51 nev] p]=m$ 9 8 lifetime4 ,9 #ahcd he 0 appo9t$ conductor ( ! ,magdeburg ,op]a :]e1 two ye>s lat]1 8 second op]a1 ,das ,liebesv]bot1 0 introduc$4 ,betwe5 #ahcg & #ahch he conduct$ op]a 9 ,riga4 ,involvem5t 9 debts caus$ 8 dismissal f ?is po/ & compell$ him to flee to ,p>is1 :]e he arriv$ 9 #ahci4 ,!re he liv$ = ?ree ye>s 9 extreme pov]ty1 complet+ two important op]as1 ,ri5zi 9 #ahdj1 & ,! ,fly+ ,dut*man 9 #ahda4 ,8 fir/ major successes came ) ! fir/ ( ^! op]as1 introduc$ at ! ,dresd5 ,op]a on ,octob] #bj1 #ahdb4 ,?is triumph br\ght ,wagn] 9 #ahdc an appo9tm5t z ,kapellmei/] ( ! ,dresd5 ,op]a :i* he held ) consid]able e/eem = six ye>s4 ,dur+ ?is p]iod he complet$ two m op]as3 ,tannhaeus]1 introduc$ 9 ,dresd5 9 #ahde1 & ,loh5gr91 fir/ p]=m$ 9 ,weim> "u ,liszt's direction1 9 #ahej4 ,z a memb] ( a radical political organization1 ! ,vat]l&sv]e91 ,wagn] became involv$ 9 ! revolution>y movem5ts t swept across ,europe 9 #ahdh-ahdi4 ,to avoid arre/1 he _h to flee f ,saxony4 ,he came to ,weim> :]e he 0 w>mly welcom$ by ,liszt :o f !n on became "o ( 8 /aun*e/ *ampions4 ,aft] t ,wagn] set up a p]man5t abode 9 ,zuri*4 ,he n[ began to cl>ify & exp\nd 8 new !ories on op]a4 ,he saw op]a z a drama ) music1 a syn!sis ( _m arts2 he 0 impati5t ) ! old cli*s & =mulas to :i* op]a _h s long be5 enslav$1 su* z =mal ballets1 recitatives & arias1 production sc5es1 & s =?4 ,& he put 8 !ories into practice ) a monum5tal project embrac+ f\r dramas1 collectively entitl$ ,! ,nibelung ,r+ 7,d] ,r+ des ,nibelung57 = :i*1 z _h always be5 8 practice1 he wrote ! text z well z ! music2 ! f\r dramas 7 entitl$ ,! ,rh9egold 7,das ,rhe+old71 ,! ,valkyries 7,die ,walku]e71 ,siegfri$1 & ,! ,twilight ( ! ,gods 7,goett]daemm]ung74 ,x took him a qu>t] ( a c5tury to complete ?is epic4 ,b dur+ ?is p]iod he 0 able to complete sev]al o!r important music dramas1 includ+ ,tri/an & ,isolde 9 #ahei & ,! ,ma/]s+]s 7,die ,mei/]s+]7 9 #ahfg4 ,9 #ahfb1 ,wagn] 0 p>don$ = 8 radical activities ( #ahdi & p]mitt$ to return to ,saxony4 ,!re he f\nd a p[]ful patron 9 ,ludwig ,,ii1 k+ ( ,bav>ia1 "u ^: auspices premires ( ,wagn]'s mighty music dramas 7 giv5 9 ,muni* beg9n+ ) ,tri/an & ,isolde 9 #ahfe4 ,9 #ahgf !re came into be+ "o ( ,wagn]'s mo/ *]i%$ dreams1 a fe/ival !at] built 9 ,bayreu?1 ,bav>ia1 accord+ to 8 own specifications1 :]e 8 music dramas c\ld be pres5t$ 9 ! /yle & mann] ,wagn] dictat$4 ,?is fe/ival op5$ 9 ,augu/ #ahgf ) ! fir/ p]=mance any:]e ( ! entire ,r+ cycle4 ,s9ce !n ,bayreu? has be5 a %r9e ( ,wagn]ian music drama to :i* music lov]s ( ! _w congregate dur+ ! summ] mon?s4 ,wagn]'s la/ music drama 0 ! religi\s consecrational play1 ,p>sifal1 fir/ p]=m$ 9 ,bayreu? on ,july #bf1 #ahhb4 ,wagn] di$ 9 ,v5ice on ,febru>y #ac1 #ahhc1 & 0 buri$ 9 ! g>d5 ( 8 home1 ,wahnfri$1 9 ,bayreu?4 ,( 8 turbul5t p]sonal life :i* involv$ him 9 num]\s & (t5 complex love affairs1 m5tion ne$ "h be made only ( 8 relations ) ,cosima1 daught] ( ,liszt1 & wife ( ,hans von ,buel[4 ,wagn] & ,cosima fell 9 love :ile ! latt] 0 /ill von ,buel['s wife4 ,!y _h two illegitimate *ildr5 be=e !y set up a home ( _! own at ,lake ,luc]ne2 & "o m 7,siegfri$7 be=e !y 7 m>ri$ on ,augu/ #be1 #ahgj4 ,wagn]'s creative c>e] divides itself into two phases4 ,9 ! fir/ he 0 ! compos] ( op]as 9 m or less a traditional /yle4 ,to ! accept$ =mulas ( op]atic writ+1 h[ev]1 he br\ght a new dim5sion--imm5se musical & dramatic p[] & inv5tion4 ,9 ! second phase he 0 ! prophet ( a new ord] 9 music1 ! creator ( ! music drama4 ,x is f ! works ( 8 fir/ phase t salon or pop or*e/ras d]ive selections t h become univ]sal favorites--sometimes ov]tures1 sometimes exc]pts4 ,= ^! e>li] works ab\nd ) su* a wond]ful fund ( melody1 emotion1 expressiv5ess & dramatic int]e/ t !y h become popul> ev5 ) ^? op]ago]s to ^: ta/es ! lat] ,wagn] is p]haps too subtle1 complex1 elusive1 or g>rul\s4 ,f ,! ,fly+ ,dut*man 7,d] flieg5de ,holla5d]7 comes a dramatic ov]ture4 ,?is op]a--text by ! compos] bas$ on an old leg5d adapt$ by ,he9ri* ,he9e--0 fir/ p]=m$ at ! ,dresd5 ,op]a on ,janu>y #b1 #ahdc4 8,! ,fly+ ,dut*man0 is a %ip on :i* ! ,dut*man mu/ sail until he a*ieves r$emption ?r\gh ! love ( a fai?ful woman4 ,only once 9 e sev5 ye>s is he p]mitt$ to g a%ore to f9d t love4 ,he f9ally a*ieves 8 r$emption ?r\gh ,s5ta4 ,!y bo? meet _! f9al doom toge!r 9 a rag+ sea :i* swall[s up ! %ip4 ,turbul5t music1 int5d$ to describe a /orm at sea1 op5s ! ov]ture4 ,we !n he> ! !me ( ! ,dut*man 9 ! horns & bassoons4 ,! /ormy music returns & subsides z a motive f ,s5ta's beautiful second-act ballad1 8,traft ihr das ,s*iff0 is pres5t$4 ,?is motive br+s up ! image ( ,s5ta h]self4 ,a vigor\s sailors' *orus is foll[$ by a return ( ! ,s5ta motive 9 full or*e/ra4 ,?ree selections f ,! ,fly+ ,dut*man are ( p>ticul> appeal3 ,s5ta's sp9n+ song1 8,summ und brumm0 & h] fam\s ballad1 bo? f ! second act2 & ! *orus ( ! sailors 9 ! ?ird act1 a r\s+ *antey1 8,/eu]mann6 lass die ,wa*t40 ,loh5gr9 0 ,wagn]'s la/ 8op]a40 ,aft] t he conf9$ himself to music dramas4 ,he complet$ x 9 #ahdh4 ,aft] its premire 9 ,weim> on ,augu/ #bh1 #ahej x became "o ( ! mo/ successful op]as 9 ,g]many ( t p]iod4 ,! text1 by ! compos]1 0 adapt$ f m$ieval leg5ds4 ,loh5gr9 is a knight ( ! ,holy ,grail :o becomes ,elsa's *ampion aga9/ ,telramund :5 ,elsa is unju/ly accus$ ( hav+ murd]$ ,gottfri$4 ,loh5gr9 arrives on a swan & extracts f ,elsa ! promise t %e mu/ nev] try to uncov] 8 true id5tity4 ,aft] defeat+ ,telramund1 ,loh5gr9 m>ries ,elsa :o1 provok$ by ,telramund's wife1 _c /ifle h] curiosity ab\t h] husb&'s backgr\nd & s\rce4 ,he f9ally mu/ reveal to h] t he is a knight ( ! ,holy ,grail4 ,hav+ made t revelation he mu/ leave h] =ev]4 ,! two famili> or*e/ral preludes1 f ! fir/ & ?ird acts1 are opposites 9 mood1 texture1 & dynamics4 ,! ,prelude to ,act #a has spiritual cont5t1 a portrait ( a heav5ly vision :]e9 ! ,holy ,grail is c>ri$ by angels4 ,! ma9 !me is he>d quietly 9 ! upp] regi/]s ( ! viol9s1 !n repeat$ by o!r in/rum5ts4 ,?is !me is develop$ into a cresc5do & culm9ates 9 an exultant /atem5t by trumpets & trombones4 ,n[ ! !me is giv5 9 a decresc5do1 & ! prelude ebbs away pianissimo1 once aga9 9 ! /r+s 9 ! upp] regi/]4 ,! ,prelude to ,act #c is m robu/ 9 "*1 s9ce x depicts ! joy ( ,elsa & ,loh5gr9 on ! eve ( _! w$d+4 ,a =ceful melody is pron\nc$ by ! full or*e/ra1 succe$$ by a second /rong !me = ! cellos1 horns1 bassoons 9 unison2 a m>*-l episode = ! w9d in/rum5ts foll[s4 ,:at is probably ! mo/ fam\s w$d+ m>* ev] writt5 comes out ( ,loh5gr94 ,its /ra9s are he>d aft] ! rise ( ! curta9 = ,act #c1 ,sc5e #a1 z a procession ent]s ! bridal *amb]4 ,! *orus hymns a bless+ to ! m>riage c\ple 78,treuli* gefu]t074 ,f "o side ladies conduct ,elsa1 :ile f ! o!r ! ,k+ & 8 m5 lead ,loh5gr94 ,! two processions !n meet mid/age & ,elsa jo9s ,loh5gr9 to be bless$ by ! ,k+4 ,! two columns ( ! procession !n refile & m>* out ( ! two sides ( ! /age4 ,! ,ma/]s+]s 7,die ,mei/]s+]71 :ile writt5 aft] ,wagn] _h set =? on 8 op]atic revolution1 is ! only "o ( 8 music dramas ) a recognizable op]atic ritual3 big arias1 huge production numb]s1 ev5 dances4 ,= ,! ,ma/]s+]s is a com$y1 ! only "o ,wagn] ev] wrote4 ,= purposes ( com$y "s ( ! traditions ( op]a /ill prove useful to ,wagn]1 ev5 if fus$ ) te*niques1 approa*es & e/hetics ( ! music drama4 ,wagn] complet$ ,! ,ma/]s+]s 9 #ahfg--;eight ye>s aft] ,tri/an & ,isolde & m ?an a decade foll[+ ! fir/ two dramas ( ! ,r+ cycle4 ,! fir/ p]=mance took place 9 ,muni* on ,june #ba1 #ahfh4 ,! libretto1 by ! compos]1 0 set 9 ,nuremb]g 9 ! middle #af? c5tury1 & its plot revolves ar\nd a song conte/ conduct$ by ! ,ma/]s+]s1 its w9n] to receive ! h& ( lovely ,eva1 daught] ( ! cobbl]-philosoph]1 ,hans ,sa*s4 ,wal!r von ,/olz+1 a knight1 & ,beckmess]1 a contemptible t[n cl]k1 are ! ma9 rivals = ,eva4 ,at a magnific5t c]emony at ! banks ( ! ,pognitz ,riv] ! conte/ants s+ _! (f]+s4 ,x is ,wal!r's eloqu5t 8,prize ,song0 t em]ges victori\s4 ,?is 8,prize ,song0 78,morg5li* leu*t5d07 is "o ( ,wagn]'s mo/ fam\s melodies1 ! pivot ^u :i* ! entire op]a gravitates4 ,x is fir/ he>d 9 ! fir/ sc5e ( ! ?ird act1 :]e ,wal!r comes to tell ,hans ,sa*s ( a song come to him 9 a dream4 ,! song is repeat$ 9 ! clos+ sc5e ( ! op]a dur+ ! actual conte/4 ,?is 8,prize ,song0 is us$ by ,wagn] symbolically4 ,its victory ov] ! dull & /ilt$ creation ( ,beckmess] repres5ts ! triumph ( inspiration & fre$om ( expression ov] hackney$ rules & proc$ures4 ,augu/ ,wilhelmj made a fam\s transcription ( ! 8,prize ,song0 = viol9 & piano4 ,ri5zi1 an e>ly ,wagn] op]a1 is today rememb]$ prim>ily = its ov]ture4 ,b 9 its own day x 0 extremely popul>4 ,imm$iately aft] its premire p]=mance 9 ,dresd5 on ,octob] #bj1 #ahdb1 ,ri5zi made ,wagn]'s "n kn[n ?r\gh\t all ( ,g]many = ! fir/ "t1 appe>+ 9 ! rep]tory ( virtually e major ,g]man op]a h\se at ! "t4 ,! novel f :i* ! compos] d]iv$ 8 libretto is t ( ,bulw]-,lytton4 ,! c5tral "*1 ,ri5zi1 is a ,roman rul] ( ! #ad? c5tury :o meets 8 de/ruction at ! h&s ( 8 enemies :o set ! ,capitol aflame 9 :i* ,ri5zi p]i%es4 ,trumpet calls 9 ! op5+ measures ( ! ov]ture lead to a sl[ section 9 :i* is prom95t an affect+ melody = /r+s1 ,ri5zi's pray] = ! ,roman p4 ,9 ! ma9 section ( ! ov]ture1 ! fir/ ma9 !me is ! battle hymn ( ! fir/ act 79 ! brass7 set aga9/ ,ri5zi's pray]-melody4 ,! op5+ sl[ section returns & is succe$$ by ! /irr+ music f ! fir/ act f9ale4 ,9 ! coda1 ! battle-hymn music is p[]fully project$ = ! la/ "t4 ,tannhaeus] boa/s _m popul> selections beyond its v fam\s ov]ture4 ,! op]a 0 fir/ p]=m$ 9 ,dresd5 on ,octob] #ai1 #ahde4 ,! libretto is by ! compos]4 ,tannhaeus] is a m9/rel-knight :o has gr[n we>y ( ! c>nal delights on ! ,hill ( ,v5us & longs = 8 own _w4 ,by invok+ ! "n ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y1 9 :om he places 8 tru/1 ,tannhaeus] is transport$ to a valley ne> ! ,w>tburg ,ca/le1 :]e he is recogniz$ & welcom$ back by ,wolfram1 a companion m9/rel-knight4 ,joy\sly1 ,tannhaeus] returns ) ,wolfram to ! ,hall ( ! ,m9/rels 9 ! ,w>tburg ,ca/le to f9d t 8 belov$ ,elisabe? is /ill 9 love ) him4 ,b only he :o c come out triumphant 9 a song conte/ on ! subject ( love c w9 ,elisabe?4 ,! song ,tannhaeus] pres5ts1 glorify+ s5sual pleasure1 horrifies ! audi5ce4 ,contrite1 ,tannhaeus] (f]s to atone = 8 s9s by jo9+ pilgrims to ,rome & seek+ absolution f ! ,pope4 ,elisabe? promises to pray = 8 s\l4 ,aft] sev]al mon?s h pass$1 ,elisabe? is await+ ! return ( ! ,roman pilgrims1 & ,wolfram besee*es heav5 to guide ,elisabe? & protect h]4 ,sudd5ly ,tannhaeus]--hagg>d & decrepit--makes 8 appe>ance4 ,he confesses to ,wolfram t 8 s\l w n be r$eem$ until ! /aff 9 ! ,pope's h&s spr\ts leaves4 ,only aft] ,elisabe? has di$ ( grief 9 despair ( ev] see+ ,tannhaeus] aga91 d ! tid+s come f ,rome t ! ,pope's /aff has1 inde$1 blossom$ ) foliage4 ,! ,ov]ture is built f "s ( ! pr9cipal melodies ( ! op]a2 9 a s5se x traces ! ma9 ev5ts ( ! /ory4 ,! religi\s *ant ( ! ,pilgrims 79 cl>9ets1 bassoons & horns7 is he>d at once4 ,?is is foll[$ by music sugge/+ ,tannhaeus]'s rep5tance1 a t\*+ melody = /r+s4 ,aft] bo? ^! ideas h be5 discuss$ we he> 9 ! /r+s ! voluptu\s music ( ,v5usb]g1 a picture ( ! c>nal life l$ by ,tannhaeus] ) ,v5us on ,v5us ,hill4 ,! music is br\ght to a compell+ climax ) a l\d /atem5t ( ,tannhaeus]'s passionate hymn to c>nal love ) :i* he s horrifi$ ! m9/rel-knights at ,w>tburg ,ca/le4 ,! *ant ( ! pilgrims1 :i* _h op5$ ! ov]ture1 also br+s x to conclusion4 ,! ,prelude to ,act #c is solemn music t be>s ! title1 8,tannhaeus]'s ,pilgrimage40 ,two !mes are set =? at once1 t ( ,tannhaeus]'s rep5tance1 & t sugge/+ ,elisabe?'s int]cession4 ,tannhaeus]'s suff]+ is !n portray$ by a poignant melody = /r+s4 ,sugge/ions ( ! ,pilgrim's ,*orus & a motive kn[n z 8,heav5ly ,grace0 are !n (f]$4 ,! prelude ends quietly & s5sitively1 z ,tannhaeus] at long la/ a*ieves salvation4 ,! s5sual1 ev5 lascivi\s1 music ( ! ,bac*anale 9 ! op5+ sc5e 7recreat+ ! revelry enjoy$ by ,tannhaeus] & ,v5us on ,v5us ,hill7 is (t5 p]=m$ 9 conjunction ) ! ,ov]ture1 sometimes indep5d5tly4 ,ano!r or*e/ral episode extremely popul> is ! /ately ,m>* ( ! second act ) :i* ! m9/rel-knights ( ! ,w>tburg file into ! ,ca/le1 foll[$ by ! nobles1 ladies1 & att5dants1 z !y *ant ! /ra9s ( 8,freudig begruess5 wir die edle ,halle40 ,! mo/ popul> vocal exc]pt f ,tannhaeus] is ,wolfram's 8,ode to ! ,ev5+ ,/>0 78,o du me9 hold] ,ab5d/]n07 9 ! la/ act4 ,?is atmosph]ic music1 a hymn to ! my/]y & beauty ( ! night1 is ,wolfram's pray] to ! ev5+ /> t x guide & protect ,elisabe?4 ,elisabe?'s second-act song ( praise to ! ,hall ( ,w>tburg ,ca/le 9 :i* %e speaks ( h] joy 9 le>n+ ( ,tannhaeus]'s return 78,di*1 teure ,halle07 & h] eloqu5t ?ird-act pray] = ,tannhaeus]'s =giv5ess 78,allmae*t'ge ,jungfrau07 are also des]v$ly celebrat$ = _! affect+ lyricism4 ,wagn] did n write mu* music n int5d$ = ! /age4 ,( ?is meag] rep]tory "o or two items des]ve att5tion 9 ! semi-classical rep]tory4 ,"o is 8,traeume0 78,dreams07 a song (t5 he>d 9 transcriptions1 p>ticul>ly = or*e/ra4 ,?is is "o ( five poems by ,ma?ilde ,wes5donck :i* ,wagn] set to music 9 #aheg-aheh1 & x appe>s z ! la/ song ( ! cycle4 ,?is g5tle nocturne d]ives "s ( its melody f ! fam\s love-duet ( ! second act ( ,tri/an & ,isolde 78,o s9k h]ni$]1 ,na*t d] ,liebe07 b ! ov]all effect ( ! song is "o ( g5tle rev]y r ?an s5sual love4 ,wagn] himself arrang$ 8,traeume0 = small or*e/ra4 ,on ,ma?ilde ,wes5donck's bir?day on ,decemb] #bc1 #aheg1 he conduct$ eighte5 musicians 9 a p]=mance ( ! song "u ,ma?ilde's w9d[4 ,! ,kais] ,m>* 0 ano!r ( ,wagn]'s compositions n int5d$ = ! /age4 ,he wrote x 9 #ahga to celebrate ,g]many's victory ov] ,france4 ,a pr\d1 exultant !me is fir/ (f]$ by ! full or*e/ra4 ,a transition 9 ! brasses & timpani br+s on a second !me ( contra/+ "* 9 ! woodw9d4 ,!re foll[s a brief /atem5t ( ,m>t9 ,lu!r's fam\s *orale1 8,e9 fe/e ,burg40 ,aft] dramatic music depict+ ! fev] ( battle1 ! ,lu!r *orale is repeat$ triumphantly by ! brasses4 ,! fir/ !me returns l\dly 9 full or*e/ra aft] a fanf>e to end ! m>*4 ,emil ,waldteufel ,emil ,waldteufel1 waltz-k+ ( ,france1 0 born 9 ,/rasb\rg on ,decemb] #i1 #ahcg4 ,8 fa!r1 a pr(essor ( music at ! ,/rasb\rg ,cons]vatory1 gave him 8 fir/ music in/ruction4 ,aft] t ,emil att5d$ ! ,p>is ,cons]vatory1 b he nev] complet$ 8 c\rse ( /udy !re1 leav+ ! s*oolroom to take on a job ) a piano manufactur]4 ,he publi%$ 8 fir/ waltzes at 8 own exp5se 9 #ahfj1 ,joies et pe9es & ,manola4 ,! latt] s en*ant$ ! ,pr9ce ( ,wales t he will+ly accept$ ! d$ication ( ,waldteufel's next waltz1 ,bi5 aim1 a fact t play$ no small "p 9 e/abli%+ ,waldteufel's reputation 9 ,engl&4 ,waldteufel n[ decid$ to side/ep all o!r activities to conc5trate on ! writ+ ( waltz music4 ,9 %ort ord] he became ! idol ( ,p>is 9 ! same way t ,johann ,/rauss ,,ii 0 ( ,vi5na4 ,= a p]iod1 ,waldteufel's fame ?r\gh\t ,europe 0 second only to t ( ! ,vi5nese waltz k+4 ,waldteufel made _m t\rs ( ! ,european capitals conduct+ 8 own compositions1 scor+ triumphs 9 ,cov5t ,g>d5 9 #ahhe1 & 9 ,b]l9 9 #ahhi4 ,9 #ahfe he became *amb] musician to ! ,empress ,eugnie & director ( ! c\rt balls4 ,he di$ 9 ,p>is on ,febru>y #af1 #aiae4 ,waldteufel publi%$ ov] #bej waltzes4 ,a comp>ison ) ,johann ,/rauss is p]haps inevitable4 ,! ,fr5* waltz k+ nev] equall$ ,/rauss' rem>kable melodic inv5tion1 orig9al approa*es 9 h>mony & or*e/ration1 & ov]all inspiration4 ,mo/ ( ,waldteufel's waltzes are functional pieces1 & make f> bett] dance music ?an conc]t music4 ,b a h&ful ( 8 waltzes are classics1 & des]v$ly s4 ,!y are buoyant & invit+ 9 _! _s1 ari/ocratic 9 /yle1 spontane\s 9 expression4 ,waldteufel's mo/ fam\s waltzes include ! foll[+3 ,espaa1 op4 #bcf1 :i* utilizes = its waltz melodies ! basic !mes f ,*abri]'s rhapsody ( ! same "n2 & ,! ,skat]s 7,les ,pat9eurs71 op4 #ahc1 9 :i* ! ma9 elegant melody has ! lightness ( foot & ! mobility ( motion ( facile figure skat]s4 ,o!r popul> ,waldteufel waltzes include ! ,acclamations1 op4 #bbc2 ,dolores1 op4 #agj2 ,e/udiant9a1 op4 #aia2 ,mon rve1 op4 #aea2 ,les ,sirnes1 op4 #aed2 ,t\j\rs ou jamais1 op4 #aef2 & ,violettes1 op4 #adh4 ,k>l ,m>ia von ,web] ,k>l ,m>ia von ,web] 0 born 9 ,eut91 ,old5burg1 ,g]many1 on ,novemb] #ah1 #aghf4 ,8 fa!r1 :o play$ ! viol9 9 small !at]s1 0 det]m9$ to make 8 son a musical prodigy1 subject+ him f *ildhood on to sev]e discipl9e1 & to int5sive /udy ) ,k>l's /epbro!r1 ,j4 ,p4 ,heus*kel & ,mi*ael ,haydn4 ,web] made public appe>ances z piani/ 9 e>ly boyhood4 ,8 fir/ op]a 0 writt5 :5 he 0 only ?irte51 & at f\rte5 8 second op]a 0 p]=m$ 9 ,*emnitz1 ,freib]g1 & ,vi5na4 ,an ev5 m compreh5sive p]iod ( /udy ?an h]et(ore foll[$ 9 ,muni* ) ,abb ,vogl]4 ,aft] t1 9 #ahjd1 ,web] 0 appo9t$ conductor ( ! ,breslau ,city ,!at]4 ,9 #ahjf he became ,musik ,int5dant to ! ,duke ( ,wu]ttemb]g1 & 9 #ahjg private secret>y & music ma/] to ,duke ,ludwig 9 ,/uttg>t4 ,f #ahac to #ahaf he 0 ! music director ( ,g]man ,op]a 9 ,prague & 9 #ahag musical director ( ,g]man ,op]a 9 ,dresd54 ,x 0 9 ?is la/ po/ t he creat$ ! fir/ ( 8 unqualifi$ ma/]works1 ! op]a ,d] ,freis*uetz1 introduc$ ) ph5om5al success 9 ,b]l9 on ,june #ah1 #ahba4 ,x 0 ) ?is "w t ,g]man ,romantic op]a 0 born1 gr\nd$ 9 ,g]manic nationalism1 fill$ ) ! ,g]man love = ! leg5d>y & ! sup]natural1 & *>act]iz$ by its use ( ,g]man l&scapes & backgr\nds4 ,web] wrote two m ma/]works ) :i* 8 high /ation 9 op]a 0 solidifi$3 ,euryan!1 introduc$ 9 ,vi5na on ,octob] #be1 #ahbc1 & ,ob]on1 fir/ he>d 9 ,london1 on ,april #ab1 #ahbf4 ,9 ,london1 att5d+ ! premire ( ! latt] op]a1 ,web] succumb$ to 8 la/ sickness on ,june #e1 #ahbf4 ,8 body 0 transf]r$ to ,dresd5 :]e x 0 buri$ to special c]emonies at :i* ,wagn] deliv]$ ! eulogy4 ,web]'s monum5tal contributions to op]a 9 g5]al1 & ,g]man op]a1 9 p>ticul>1 d n fall )9 ! scope ( ?is volume2 nei!r d ! ?ree ma/]works ) :i* he ga9$ immortality4 ,9 music 9 a light] ve9 he 0 mo/ significant = be+ "o ( ! fir/ to create waltz music )9 an ext5d$ /ructure4 ,! mo/ popul> ( ^! compositions 0 ! ,invitation to ! ,dance 7,auf=d]ung zum ,tanz71 writt5 9 #ahai z a 8rondo brilliant0 9 ,d-flat major1 = piano solo4 ,x has s9ce become celebrat$ 9 sev]al or*e/ral transcriptions1 notably ^? by ,b]lioz & ,felix ,we+>tn]4 ,?is "w is "o ( ! fir/ 9 music hi/ory 9 :i* sev]al diff]5t waltz tunes are comb9$ into a s+le cohesive composition1 prec$$ by an introduction & conclud+ ) an epilogue4 ,! introduction consi/s ( a subdu$1 well-mann]$ melody1 simulat+ ! reque/ to a lady by a "y man = a dance1 & ! acceptance4 ,sev]al waltz melodies foll[1 to :i* ?is c\ple dance4 ,! epilogue consi/s ( a return ( ! introduction1 ?is "t ) ! g5tleman ?ank+ ! lady = hav+ danc$ ) him4 ,! ,jubilee ,ov]ture 7,jubel71 op4 #ei1 = or*e/ra is ano!r ( ,web]'s m popul> creations1 ?is "t 9 a /irr+ /yle4 ,he wrote x 9 #ahah on ! occasion ( ! #ej? anniv]s>y ( ! asc5sion to ! ?rone by ! ,k+ ( ,saxony4 ,a sl[ introduction leads to ! ma9 body ( ! ov]ture 9 :i* ! ma9 !me is =cefully /at$ by ! full or*e/ra4 ,by contra/ !re lat] appe>s a light-he>t$ tune1 soon giv5 consid]able prom95ce 9 ! developm5t section4 ,:5 bo? ideas h be5 repeat$1 a climax is rea*$ ) a /atem5t ( ! ,engli% an!m1 8,god ,save ! ,k+0 9 ! w9d in/rum5ts accompani$ by ! /r+s4 ,kurt ,weill ,kurt ,weill 0 born 9 ,dessau1 ,g]many1 on ,m>* #b1 #aijj4 ,a compreh5sive musical tra9+ took place fir/ ) private tea*]s 9 ,dessau1 !n at ! ,b]l9 ,high ,s*ool ( ,music1 & f9ally = ?ree ye>s ) ,f]ruccio ,busoni4 ,weill />t$ out z a compos] ( avant-g>de music p]=m$ at sev]al important ,g]man fe/ivals4 ,8 fir/ op]a1 ,! ,protagoni/1 ) a text by ,georg ,kais]1 0 produc$ 9 #aibf4 ,f ?is po9t on ,weill cont9u$ writ+ op]as 9 :i* ! texts 7 reali/ic or satiric1 & ! music fill$ ) popul> idioms1 sometimes ev5 ^? ( jazz4 ,! mo/ important 7 ,! ,royal ,palace 9 #aibg2 ,! ,?ree-,p5ny ,op]a1 a s5sation :5 fir/ produc$ 9 #aibh2 ,! ,cz> ,has ,himself ,photograph$1 also 9 #aibh2 & ,! ,rise & ,fall ( ,mahagonny1 9 #aicj1 "o ( ^: numb]s1 8,! ,alabamy ,song10 0 a lead+ song hit 9 ,g]many t ye>4 ,) ^! works ,weill became "o ( ! lead+ expon5ts ( ! cultural movem5ts !n sweep+ across ,g]many "u ! bann]s ( ,zeitkun/ 7,contempor>y ,art7 & ,gebrau*smusik 7,functional ,music74 ,9 ! fall ( #aice1 ,weill e/abli%$ p]man5t resid5ce 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 becom+ an ,am]ican citiz5 9 #aidc4 ,he soon assum$ a position ( fir/ importance 9 ! ,broadway !at] by virtue ( a succession ( out/&+ musicals3 ,johnny ,johnson 7#aicf72 ,knick]bock] ,holiday 7#aich7 9 :i* ,walt] ,hu/on />r$ z ,pet] ,/uyvesant & out ( :i* came "o ( ,weill's mo/ popul> musical numb]s1 8,septemb] ,song02 ,moss ,h>t's musical ab\t psy*oanalysis & ! dream life1 ,lady 9 ! ,d>k 7#aida7 9 :i* ,g]trude ,lawr5ce 0 />r$2 ,"o ,t\* ( ,v5us 7#aidc71 ) ,m>y ,m>t92 ,/reet ,sc5e 7#aidg71 a tr5*ant musical play bas$ on ,elm] ,rice's reali/ic drama ( ,new ,york2 ,love ,life 7#aidh71 book & lyrics by ,alan ,jay ,l]n]1 its ma9 musical numb] be+ ano!r all-"t ,weill song favorite1 8,gre5-,up ,"t02 & ,lo/ 9 ! ,/>s 7#aidi71 a p[]ful musical drama adapt$ f ,alon ,paton's novel1 ,cry1 ! ,belov$ ,c\ntry4 ,weill di$ 9 ,new ,york ,city on ,april #c1 #aiej4 ,! ,?ree-,p5ny ,op]a 7,die ,dreigros*5op]7 is "o ( ! mo/ important musical productions ( ! po/-,_w ,w> ,i era 9 ,europe2 & s9ce its premi]e x has lo/ little ( its initial popul>ity4 ,?is musical play 7or op]a1 if y w7 0 bas$ on ! hi/oric #ah?-c5tury ballad op]a ( ,john ,gay1 ,! ,begg>'s ,op]a4 ,! text 0 rewritt5 & mod]niz$ by ,b]?old ,bre*t1 9 ^: h&s ! comic op]a became a brilliant1 ?\gh (t5 bitt]1 satire ( ,g]many 9 ! late #aibj's1 ) p5etrat+ satirical comm5ts on crime & corruption 9 ?is po/-w> era4 ,weill's op]a 0 introduc$ 9 ,b]l9 on ,augu/ #ca1 #aibh & scor$ a s5sation ) few p>allels 9 contempor>y ,g]man !at]4 ,ov] "o hundr$ !at]s gave x f\r ?\s& p]=mances ?r\gh\t ,g]many 9 its initial ye>4 ,x 0 made into a motion-picture by ,g4 ,w4 ,pab/ 7! fir/ ( sev]al scre5 adaptations74 ,x 0 introduc$ 9 ! lead+ !atrical c5t]s ( ! _w2 ! ,am]ican premire--9 ,new ,york on ,april #ac1 #aicc--01 h[ev]1 a dismal failure4 ,x has s9ce be5 reviv$ frequ5tly 9 all p>ts ( ! civiliz$ _w4 ,an (f-,broadway pres5tation 9 #aied--) a new mod]niz$ text by ,m>c ,blitz/e91 b ) ! ,weill music unt\*$--made hi/ory by accumulat+ a run ( m ?an five ye>s2 a national company 0 !n =m$ to t\r ! c\ntry 9 #aifj4 ,dur+ ?is long ,broadway run1 ! pr9cipal musical numb]1 8,moritat0 7or 8,mack ! ,knife07 became an ,am]ican hit song on two diff]5t occasions4 ,9 #aiee x 0 giv5 ov] tw5ty diff]5t record+s & 0 (t5 repres5t$ on ! ,hit ,p>ade2 reviv$ 9 #aiei by ,bobby ,d>91 x sold ov] a million discs4 ,weill's score is a mixture ( op]a & musical com$y1 ( ,european /age traditions & ,am]ican idioms4 ,x op5s ) a blues & concludes ) a mock *orale1 :ile 9 betwe5 ^! opposite poles !re c be he>d a %immy1 a canon 9 fox-trot1 popul> tunes1 =mal ballads1 light airs1 *oruses1 & ensemble numb]s4 ,! /yle ranges freely f ,t9 ,pan ,alley cli*s to atonality1 f mock romanticism to dissonance4 ,ea* numb] 0 basic to ! plot2 pr9cipal numb]s (t5 became p5etrat+ psy*ological comm5t>ies on ! *>act]s :o pres5t$ !m4 8,moritat0 7or 8,mack ! ,knife07 is ! ma9 musical numb]4 ,b sev]al o!rs are also ( out/&+ int]e/ includ+ 8,love ,song0 78,liebesli$071 8,! ,ballad ( ,pleasant ,liv+0 78,ballade vom ang5ehm5 ,leb5071 ! ,canon-,song1 ,b>b>asong1 & ! ,bully's ,ballad 78,zuhaelt]ballade074 ,j>omir ,we9b]g] ,j>omir ,we9b]g] 0 born 9 ,prague1 ,cze*oslovakia1 on ,janu>y #h1 #ahif4 ,aft] complet+ 8 music /udy at ! ,prague ,cons]vatory1 & privately ) ,max ,reg] 9 ,b]l91 he came to ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 #aibb1 tea*+ = "o season at ! ,i?aca ,cons]vatory 9 ,i?aca1 ,new ,york4 ,foll[+ 8 return to ,europe he held v>i\s po/s z tea*] & conductor4 ,he a*iev$ int]national r5[n z a compos] ) a ,bohemian folk op]a1 ,s*w&a1 d] ,dudelsackpfeif] fir/ p]=m$ 9 ,prague on ,april #bg1 #aibg1 !n successfully he>d ?r\gh\t ,europe & 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,we9b]g] wrote _m op]as aft] t1 & a consid]able am\nt ( or*e/ral music4 ,up to #aicg 8 home 0 9 ,prague1 b s9ce #aici he has liv$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,"o ( 8 mo/ successful works = or*e/ra 0 introduc$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates soon aft] 8 arrival1 ,"u ! ,spread+ ,*e/nut ,tree4 ,among ! num]\s works by ,we9b]g] are two t c be said to h a m popul> appeal ?an ! o!rs4 ,"o is 9 an ,am]ican idiom & mann] :i* ,we9b]g] assum$ = _m ( 8 major works aft] com+ to ?is c\ntry2 ! o!r is 9 ! ,bohemian /yle ) :i* he fir/ became fam\s4 ,t 9 ! ,am]ican /yle & _s 7b te*nically 9 a fugue idiom7 is a delightful treatm5t ( ! popul> ,am]ican tune by ,dan ,emmett1 8,dixie40 8,dixie0 _h orig9at$ z a m9/rel-%[ tune1 be+ writt5 by ,emmett z a 8walk-ar\nd0 7or clos+ numb]7 = a m9/rel-%[ production at ! ,bryant ,!at] 9 ,new ,york 9 ,novemb] #ahei4 ,x became an imm$iate favorite ) m9/rel tr\pes ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry4 ,dur+ ! ,civil ,w> x became ! ,s\?l&'s favorite battle hymn1 despite ! fact t x 0 ! "w ( a ,nor!rn]4 ,! *>ge at ,gettysburg by ,g5]al ,george ,pickett 0 made to ! /ra9s ( ?is music4 ,aft] ! surr5d] at ,appomattox1 ,presid5t ,l9coln invit$ a b& outside ! ,:ite ,h\se to play ! tune = him ma9ta9+ t s9ce ! ,nor? _h conqu]$ ! ,s\!rn army x _h also ga9$ its favorite song z a spoils ( w>4 ,9 #aidj ,we9b]g] wrote ! ,prelude & ,fugue on ,dixie = symphony or*e/ra4 ,! prelude devotes itself to a simple /atem5t ( ! melody1 aft] :i* comes ! lively fugal treatm5t ( its ma9 !me4 ,! treatm5t is ?r\gh\t s skilful & musical t we nev] feel any s5se ( contradiction 9 ! use ( a popul> m9/rel-%[ tune )9 a s\ndly classical /ructure & ?r\gh s\ndly classical means4 ,out ( ! compos]'s mo/ fam\s op]a1 ,s*w&a1 d] ,dudelsackpfeif] 7,s*w&a1 ! ,bagpipeplay]7 comes a ,polka & ,fugue = or*e/ra t is und\bt$ly ! mo/ famili> exc]pt f ! op]a4 ,! vivaci\s ,polka--:i* has a lu/y peasant vitality 9 its m>k$ acc5tuations--comes f ,act #b1 ,sc5e #b2 ! fugue 7^: ma9 !me is sugge/$ 9 ! polka7 is us$ 9 ! op]a's clos+ sc5e4 ,j be=e ! end ( ! fugue1 ! polka melody is he>d aga91 set contrapuntally aga9/ ! fugue tune 9 a p[]ful climax 9 :i* ! full or*e/ra1 z well z an organ1 is utiliz$4 ,h5ri ,wi5iawski ,h5ri ,wi5iawski 0 born 9 ,lubl91 ,pol&1 on ,july #aj1 #ahce4 ,:5 he 0 eight he ent]$ ! ,p>is ,cons]vatory1 f :i* he 0 graduat$ ?ree ye>s lat] ) fir/ prize 9 viol9-play+1 ! fir/ "t ?is in/itution conf]r$ su* an honor on "o s "y4 ,s5sational appe>ances z *ild prodigy foll[$ ?r\gh\t ,europe4 ,aft] an additional p]iod ( /udy at ! ,p>is ,cons]vatory betwe5 #ahdi & #ahej1 he initiat$ 8 c>e] z a mature p]=m]1 & z "o ( ! _w's =emo/ viol9i/s1 ) p]=mances 9 ,europe & ,russia4 ,9 #ahgb he t\r$ ! ,unit$ ,/ates ) ! piani/1 ,anton ,rub9/e94 ,mean:ile1 9 #ahei1 he 0 appo9t$ solo viol9i/ to ! ,cz> ( ,russia1 & f #ahfb to #ahfg he 0 pr(essor ( ! viol9 at ! ,/4 ,pet]sburg ,cons]vatory4 ,9 #ahgd he succe$$ ,vieuxtemps z pr(essor ( ! viol9 at ! ,brussels ,cons]vatory :]e he rema9$ f\rte5 ye>s4 ,he suff]$ a he>t attack :ile p]=m+ 9 ,b]l9 9 #ahgh1 & di$ 9 ,mosc[ on ,m>* #ca1 #ahhj4 ,wi5iawski produc$ a ri* rep]tory ( music = ! viol9 :i* is /ill p]=m$ ext5sively4 ,?is includes ! fam\s ,conc]to 9 ,d m9or & _m small] compositions4 ,among ! latt] c be f\nd pieces :i* h become favorites ) salon or*e/ra 9 transcription4 ,^!1 l o!r major works by ! compos]1 are *>act]iz$ by broad & expressive melodies & brilliant te*nical effects4 ,! ,kujawiak1 9 ,a m9or1 op4 #c is a brilliant rhy?mic numb]--a spirit$ mazurka :i* d]ives its "n f ! fact t x has come out ( ! ,kuawy di/rict ( ,pol&4 ,! ,lg5de1 op4 #ag1 on ! o!r h&1 is out/&+ = its s5tim5tal lyricism4 ,?is piece is an eloqu5t song1 orig9ally = viol9 & or*e/ra1 t seems to be tell+ a romantic tale4 ,! ,polonaise brillante1 9 ,d major1 op4 #d1 l ! ,kujawiak1 is a successful attempt to incorporate )9 a conc]t "w ! *>act]i/ics ( a popul> ,poli% dance4 ,?is composition is appeal+ = its %>p acc5tuations on ! half beat1 syncopations1 & brilliant passage "w4 ,! ,s\v5irs ( ,mosc[ 7,s\v5irs de ,mosc\71 op4 #f1 is a fantasia on fam\s ,russian airs1 ! mo/ important ( :i* is 8,! ,r$ ,s>af940 ,ralph ,vaughan ,williams ,ralph ,vaughan ,williams 0 born 9 ,d[n ,ampney1 ,engl&1 on ,octob] #ab1 #ahgb4 ,aft] att5d+ ! ,royal ,college ( ,music1 he /udi$ composition privately ) ,max ,bru* 9 ,b]l94 ,9 #aija he 0 appo9t$ organi/ ( ! ,/4 ,b>nabas ,*ur* 9 ,london4 ,= ! next few ye>s he devot$ himself ma9ly to *ur* music4 ,8 int]e/ 9 ! ,engli% folk songs ( ! ,tudor p]iod1 fir/ /imulat$ 9 #aijd1 prov$ = him a decisive turn+ po9t4 ,besides d$icat+ himself h5ce=? to int5sive rese>* 9 ,engli% folk music 7mu* ( :i* he help$ to revive f neglect & obscurity ?r\gh 8 editions & adaptations7 he f\nd a new direction z compos]3 9 ! writ+ ( music ) a national id5tity1 music absorb+ ! melodic1 h>monic & modal te*niques--at times ev5 ! actual mat]ial--( ^! old songs & dances4 ,?is new tr5d fir/ became evid5t 9 #aijg ) 8 ,norfolk ,rhapsodies4 ,aft] an additional p]iod ( /udy ) ,maurice ,ravel 9 ,p>is1 ,vaughan ,williams emb>k$ ^u ! writ+ ( 8 fir/ major works :i* includ$ ! fam\s ,fantasia on a ,!me by ,?omas ,tallis1 ,london ,symphony1 & ! op]a ,hugh ! ,drov]4 ,subsequ5t works 9 all fields ( composition plac$ him ) ! ma/]s ( #bj?-c5tury music4 ,^! compositions includ$ symphonies1 op]as1 conc]tos1 fantasias1 *oral & *amb] music4 ,= m ?an ?irty ye>s1 ,vaughan ,williams taught composition at ! ,royal ,college ( ,music 9 ,london2 f #aibj to #aibh he 0 ! conductor ( ! ,ba* ,*oir1 also 9 t city4 ,he paid two visits to ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ! fir/ "t 9 #aibb to direct "s ( 8 works at a music fe/ival 9 ,connecticut1 & ! second "t a decade lat] to lecture at ,bryn ,mawr ,college4 ,he receiv$ ! ,ord] ( ,m]it 9 #aice & ! ,alb]t m$al ( ! ,royal ,society ( ,arts 9 #aiee4 ,he di$ 9 ,london on ,augu/ #bf1 #aieh4 ,only a meagre numb] ( ,vaughan ,williams' compositions h popul> appeal4 ,"o ( ^! is ! ,fantasia on ,gre5sleeves1 = or*e/ra4 8,gre5sleeves0 is an old ,engli% folk song dat+ f ! e>ly #af? c5tury1 & m5tion$ 9 ,%akespe>e's ,! ,m]ry ,wives ( ,w9dsor4 ,9 ! #ag? c5tury x became ! p>ty song ( ! ,cavali]s4 ,am]icans "k x be/ ?r\gh a popul>-song adaptation 9 #aieg4 ,vaughan ,williams' delightful fantasia appe>s z an or*e/ral int]lude 9 8 op]a ,sir ,john 9 ,love 7#aibi71 bas$ on ,! ,m]ry ,wives ( ,w9dsor4 ,a brief episode = flute leads to 8,gre5sleeves10 :i* is h>moniz$ opul5tly = /r+s4 ,two brief v>iations foll[4 ,!n ! op5+ flute episode is recall$ z is ! folk song itself--! ma9 melody 9 l[] /r+s ) embelli%m5ts 9 ! upp] ones4 ,! ,m>* ( ! ,kit*5 ,ut5sils is an amus+ little episode = or*e/ra1 "p ( ! incid5tal music prep>$ by ! compos] = a production ( ,ari/ophanes' ,! ,wasps 9 ,cambridge 9 #aiji4 ,?is m>* op5s ) a humor\s little !me = ! w9d in/rum5ts 9 ! impi% /yle ( ,prok(iev4 ,! !me is tak5 ov] by ! /r+s4 ,! middle section is mu* m 9 ! id5tifiable national /yle ( ,vaughan ,williams ) a melody t resembles an old ,engli% folk dance4 ,jacques ,wolfe ,jacques ,wolfe1 compos] ( songs 9 ! /yle ( ,negro ,spirituals famili> 9 ! rep]tory ( mo/ ,am]ican b>itones1 0 born 9 ,boto%an1 ,rumania on ,april #bi1 #ahif4 ,he 0 tra9$ z a piani/ at ! ,in/itute ( ,musical ,art4 ,:ile s]v+ 9 ! army dur+ ,_w ,w> ,i1 a memb] ( ! #ej? ,infantry ,b&1 he 0 /ation$ 9 ,nor? ,c>ol9a :]e he fir/ came into contact ) ,negro folk songs4 ,?is made su* a pr(\nd impression on him t he devot$ himself to rese>* 9 ?is field4 ,aft] ! w> he made _m appe>ances on ! conc]t /age bo? z a solo p]=m] & z an accompani/4 ,= sev]al ye>s he 0 also a tea*] ( music at ,new ,york ,city high s*ools4 ,wolfe's two be/ kn[n songs 9 ! /yle ( ,negro folk songs appe>$ 9 #aibh4 ,"o is 8,de ,glory ,road10 words by ,clem5t ,wood1 a "w ( su* extraord9>y f]vor & dramatic "* t x has prov$ a sure-fire numb] ) conc]t b>itones ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry1 & notably ) ,lawr5ce ,tibbett ) :om x 0 a p>ticul> favorite4 ,! o!r 0 8,%ort'n9' ,bread10 to ,wolfe's own words4 ,! latt] 9 all probability is n orig9al ) ,wolfe b an adaptation ( "o ( ! melodies he discov]$ 9 ,nor? ,c>ol9a4 ,sev]al ,negro compos]s h be5 cr$it$ ) be+ its compos]2 "o ( !m 0 ,reese d',pres :o is said to h writt5 ! melody 9 or ab\t #aije4 ,among ,wolfe's o!r famili> songs are 8,god's ,_w10 8,go9' to ,hebb'n0 & 8,hallelujah ,rhy?m40 ,ermanno ,wolf-,f]r>i ,ermanno ,wolf-,f]r>i 0 born 9 ,v5ice1 ,italy1 on ,janu>y #ab1 #ahgf4 ,orig9ally plann+ to make art 8 c>e] he w5t to ,rome1 b :ile !re became s fasc9at$ by op]a t !n & !re he decid$ to become a musician4 ,he complet$ 8 musical tra9+ 9 ,muni* 9 #ahie ) ,josef ,rhe9b]g]4 ,9 #ahii he return$ to 8 native city :]e 8 fir/ major "w--an oratorio1 ,la ,sulamite--0 successfully p]=m$4 ,8 fir/ op]a1 ,c5]5tola 7,c9d]ella7 0 introduc$ 9 ,v5ice 9 #aijj4 ,8 fir/ comic op]a 7or op]a buffa7 came to ,muni* 9 #aijc3 ,le ,donne ,curiose4 ,he a*iev$ _w r5[n ) /ill ano!r comic op]a1 ,! ,secret ( ,suzanne1 fir/ p]=m$ 9 ,muni* 9 #aiji4 ,?is di/+ui%$ a*ievem5t 0 foll[$ by an equally significant a*ievem5t 9 a s]i\s ve91 ! gr& op]a1 ,! ,jewels ( ! ,madonna1 fir/ he>d 9 ,b]l9 9 #aiaa4 ,"o ye> lat] ,wolf-,f]r>i paid 8 fir/ visit to ! ,unit$ ,/ates to att5d 9 ,*icago ! ,am]ican premire ( ,! ,jewels ( ! ,madonna4 ,he wrote _m op]as aft] t1 bo? 9 a comic & s]i\s /yle1 b 8 fame /ill re/s securely on ,! ,secret ( ,suzanne & ,! ,jewels ( ! ,madonna4 ,f #aijb to #aiab he 0 director ( ! ,b5$etto ,m>cello ,cons]vatory 9 ,v5ice4 ,he di$ 9 t city on ,janu>y #ba1 #aidh4 ,f ,! ,jewels ( ! ,madonna 7,i ,gioielli della ,madonna7 h come sev]al famili> or*e/ral episodes4 ,?is trag$y--libretto by ! compos] ) v]ses by ,c>lo ,zang>9i & ,enrico ,golisciani--0 successfully introduc$ 9 ,b]l9 on ,decemb] #bc1 #aiaa4 ,rafaele1 lead] ( ! ,camorri/s1 & ,g5n>o1 a blacksmi?1 are rivals = ! love ( ,maliela4 ,aft] ,rafaele appe>s to h won ,maliela's love1 ,g5n>o w9s h] away f 8 rival by /eal+ = h] ! jewels decorat+ ! image ( ! ,madonna4 ,maliela confesses to ,rafaele & o!r ,camorri/s ab\t ?is !ft1 !n ru%es (f into a rag+ sea to meet h] dea?4 ,aft] ,g5n>o has return$ ! jewels to ! ,madonna1 he plunges a dagg] into 8 own brea/4 ,two melodi\s int]mezzos = or*e/ra are (t5 play$ by salon & pop or*e/ras4 ,! fir/ comes betwe5 ! fir/ & second acts & is 9 a languor\s mood4 ,! second1 he>d betwe5 ! second & ?ird acts1 op5s ) a light subject & cont9ues ) a broadly lyrical episode4 ,a ?ird popul> or*e/ral exc]pt f ?is op]a is ! dramatic 8,dance ( ! ,camorri/i0 dur+ a revel 9 ! ,camorri/i hide\t 9 ! op5+ ( ! ?ird act4 ,z an op]a ,! ,secret ( ,suzanne 7,il ,segreto di ,susanna7 is a trifle4 ,! libretto by ,enrico ,golisciani conc]ns a t]rible secret h>bor$ by ! h]o9e1 ,suzanne3 %e is addict$ to smok+4 ,s9ce h] husb& f9ds cig>ette butts 9 _! h\se he suspects h] ( ent]ta9+ a lov] dur+ 8 abs5ce4 ,spy+ on h] ?r\gh ! w9d[1 "o day1 he le>ns ab\t 8 wife's secret to 8 inf9ite relief1 & does n hesitate to jo9 h] 9 a smoke4 ,light1 breezy1 infecti\s1 & unpret5ti\s1 ?is little op]a has be5 a favorite ) op]ago]s ev]y:]e s9ce its _w premire 9 ,muni* on ,decemb] #d1 #aiji4 ,! ov]ture is z gay & z caprici\s z ?is m]ry tale4 ,x beg9s vivaci\sly ) ! ma9 !me 9 fir/ viol9s & ! woodw9d4 ,aft] ?is idea has be5 elaborat$ ^u1 a second melody is he>d 9 ! flute & cl>9et accompani$ by /r+s4 ,! two melodies are soon m]g$ contrapuntally1 ) ! fir/ !me he>d 9 woodw9ds & trumpet & ! second 9 ! /r+s4 ,seba/in ,yradi] ,seba/in ,yradi] 0 born 9 ,sauciego1 lava1 ,spa9 on ,janu>y #bj1 #ahji4 ,little is kn[n ( 8 c>e] beyond ! fact t 8 music in/ruction took place ) private tea*]s2 t 9 #ahea he 0 appo9t$ s++ ma/] to ! ,empress ,eugnie 9 ,p>is2 & t = a p]iod he liv$ 9 ,cuba4 ,he di$ 9 ,vitoria1 ,spa91 on ,decemb] #f1 #ahfe4 ,he 0 a successful compos] ( ,spani% songs4 ,! mo/ fam\s is 8,la ,paloma10 :i* is 9 ! haban]a rhy?m1 its melody 9 ! s5sual1 s9u\s /yle ( a flam5co song4 8,el ,arreglito10 also a haban]a1 0 borr[$ by ,bizet = 8 op]a ,c>m5 :]e x re-em]ges z ! _w-fam\s 8,haban]a02 ,bizet made only m9or *anges 9 ! melody :ile reta9+ ,yradi]'s tonality & accompanim5t4 ,a ?ird popul> ,yradi] song1 9 a /yle simil> to 8,la ,paloma10 is 8,ay ,*iquita60 ,c>l ,zell] ,c>l ,zell] 0 born 9 ,/4 ,pet]-9-d]-,au1 ,au/ria on ,july #ai1 #ahdb4 ,music1 ! /udy ( :i* he _h pursu$ s9ce boyhood ) private tea*]s1 0 an avocation4 ,he e>n$ 8 liv+ z an (ficial 9 ! ,m9i/ry ( ,education 9 ,au/ria4 ,nev]!less1 he manag$ to write _m op]ettas1 two ( :i* 7 among ! mo/ successful writt5 9 ,au/ria dur+ 8 "t4 ,among 8 fir/ works = ! /age 7 ,joconde 7#ahgf71 ,die ,c>bon>i 7#ahhj71 & ,d] ,vagabund 7#ahhf74 ,8 fir/ major success came ) ,d] ,vogelha5dl] 9 #ahhf1 /ill a great favorite on ! ,cont95t4 ,! second ( 8 op]etta classics1 ,d] ,ob]/eig]1 0 introduc$ 9 #ahid4 ,a lat] successful1 ?\gh less well kn[n1 op]etta1 ,d] ,kell]mei/]1 0 produc$ po/hum\sly 9 #aija4 ,zell] di$ 9 ,bad5 ne> ,vi5na on ,augu/ #ag1 #ahih4 ,d] ,ob]/eig] 7,! ,ma/] ,m9]7--book by ,m4 ,we/ & ,l4 ,held--receiv$ its premire 9 ,vi5na on ,janu>y #e1 #ahid4 ,! sett+ is a salt-m9+ di/rict ( ,au/ria 9 or ab\t #ahdj4 ,m>t9 in/igates a /rike among ! m9]s1 = :i* he is depriv$ ( 8 job4 ,to support himself he organizes a b& ( musicians f among ! m9]s & t\rs ! c\ntry4 ,ev5tually ,m>t9 returns to 8 m9+ t[n :]e he f9ally manages to rega9 8 job & to w9 ,nelly1 ) :om he has always be5 9 love4 ,! mo/ popul> song 9 ! op]etta is ,m>t9's air ) *orus1 8,wo sie w>1 die ,muell]910 & its mo/ delightful waltz is 8,trauet nie dem bloss5 s*e940 ,d] ,vogelha5dl] 7,! ,bird-,sell]71 once aga9 ) a book by ,m4 ,we/ & ,l4 ,held1 0 fir/ he>d 9 ,vi5na on ,janu>y #aj1 #ahia2 b 9 #aicc x 0 pres5t$ 9 a new v]sion 9 ,muni* adapt$ by ,qu$5felt1 ,brugmann & ,bauckn]4 ,9 ! ,rh9e ,palat9ate 9 ! #ah? c5tury1 ,adam1 a w&]+ bird-sell]1 is 9 love ) ,*ri/el1 b %e refuses to consid] m>riage unless he gets a p]man5t job4 ,he gets t job on ! e/ate ( ! ,elector ,palat9e at :i* po9t ,*ri/el is all too will+ to give up a project$ m>riage ) ,c\nt ,/anislaus = ! sake ( h] belov$ ,adam4 ,! lovable melodies f ?is op]etta--9 ! be/ traditions ( ,supp & ,johann ,/rauss ,,ii--h made x a favorite n only 9 ,g]many & ,au/ria1 b also ?r\gh\t ! re/ ( ,europe1 9 ,nor? & ,s\? ,am]ica1 & 9 ,s\? ,africa4 ,among ! musical highlights ( ?is op]etta are ! waltz 8,s*au mir nur re*t ins ,gesi*t02 ! 8,night+ale ,song0 78,wie me9 ,ahn'l zwanzig ,jahr072 ! p]t m>* tune 8,kaempfe nie mit ,frau'n02 & ,*ri/el's sprightly air1 8,i* b9 die ,*ri/el von d] ,po/40 ,k>l ,mi*ael ,ziehr] ,k>l ,mi*ael ,ziehr]1 belov$ ,vi5nese compos] ( waltzes & op]ettas1 0 born 9 ,vi5na on ,may #b1 #ahdc4 ,he 0 completely self-taught 9 music4 ,9 #ahfc he =m$ a caf-h\se or*e/ra ) :i* he t\r$ ,au/ria & ,g]many1 (t5 featur+ 8 own dance pieces & m>*es4 ,he lat] exp&$ ?is or*e/ra into an ensemble numb]+ fifty play]s ) :i* he gave a s]ies ( successful conc]ts ( semi-classical music 9 ,vi5na4 ,9 #aijg he became music director ( ! c\rt balls4 ,aft] ,_w ,w> ,i he suff]$ extreme pov]ty1 8 p]sonal =tune hav+ be5 lo/ ) ! collapse ( ! ,hapsburg mon>*y4 ,he di$ 9 want & obscurity 9 ,vi5na on ,novemb] #ad1 #aibb4 ,ziehr] wrote m ?an five hundr$ popul> pieces = or*e/ra1 includ+ num]\s m>*es & waltzes4 ,8 waltzes 7 p>ticul>ly favor$1 _m ( ^! 9 ! /yle ( ,johann ,/rauss ,,ii4 ,"s are /ill ext5sively play$4 ,probably ! mo/ fam\s ( all 8 waltzes is ,wi5] ,ma$*5 78,vi5na ,maid5s071 :i* mu/ rank ) ,lehr's 8,m]ry ,wid[ ,waltz0 z "o ( ! mo/ popul> su* dances produc$ 9 ,vi5na s9ce ! "t ( ,johann ,/rauss ,,ii4 ,its fir/ melody s\nds l a ,s*ub]t ,la5dl]1 ) ! peasant vigor ( its rhy?m & its robu/ tune2 b ! ma9 subject is a so>+ waltz 9 ! f9e/ traditions ( ,vi5nese caf-h\se music4 ,! foll[+ are o!r fam\s ,ziehr] waltzes3 8,alt ,wi50 78,old ,vi5na071 8,fas*+sk9d]0 78,c>nival ,*ildr5071 & 8,wi5] ,bu]g]0 78,vi5nese ,citiz5s071 all ?ree ( :i* come close/ among 8 works 9 assum+ ! /ructural outl9es & ! melodic id5tity ( ! ,johann ,/rauss waltz classics4 ,also popul> are ! 8,donauwalz]0 78,waltzes f ! ,danube07 & 8,evato*t]0 78,daught] ( ,eve074 ,ziehr]'s mo/ fam\s op]etta is ,die ,l&e/rei*] 7,! ,vagabonds7--book by ,l4 ,kr5n & ,c4 ,l9dau1 fir/ p]=m$ 9 ,vi5na on ,july #bf1 #ahii4 ,9 upp] ,bav>ia two tramps--,fli$]bus* & 8 wife ,b]?a--manage to live by _! wits4 ,disguis$ respectively z ,pr9ce ,gilka & a danc] !y visit a fam\s resort hotel & are involv$ 9 num]\s adv5tures4 ,by manag+ to retrieve a suppos$ly valuable lo/ necklace = ! ,pr9ce !y f9ally w9 8 favor & ent] 8 s]vice4 ,( p>ticul> int]e/ is ! captivat+ waltz at ! end ( ! fir/ act1 8,sei gepries51 du laus*ige ,na*t40 ,f sev]al ( ,ziehr]'s o!r op]ettas !re come o!r delightful waltzes1 notably 8,samt und ,seide0 f ,d] ,fremd5fuehr] 7#aijb7 & 8,h]e9spazi]t0 f ,d] ,s*atzmei/] 7#aijd74 ,an ,alphabetical ,li/+ ( ! ,light] ,classics 9 ,music 8,ab5dli$0 7,s*umann7 ,ab5d/]ne 7,lann]7 ,accel]ation ,waltzes 7,johann ,/rauss ,,ii7 ,acclamations 7,waldteufel7 8,a*1 i* hab' sie ja nur die ,s*ult] gekues/0 7,milloeck]71 see ,! ,begg> ,/ud5t ,adagio pa?tique 7,god>d7 8,addio0 7,to/i7 8,addio all madre0 7,mascagni71 see ,cavall]ia ,ru/icana 8,addio del passato0 7,v]di71 see ,la ,traviata 8,addio fiorito asil0 7,pucc9i71 see ,madama ,butt]fly ,adoration 7,bor[ski7 ,l',africa9e3 ,selections 7,mey]be]7 ,agnus ,dei 7,bizet7 8,ah6 *e la morte ognora10 or 8,mis]]e0 7,v]di71 see ,il ,trovatore 8,ah1 =s lui0 7,v]di71 see ,la ,traviata 8,ah ,sweet ,my/]y ( ,life0 7,h]b]t71 see ,naughty ,m>ietta ,aida3 ,ov]ture1 ,ballet ,music1 & ,selections 7,v]di7 8,ai no/ri monti0 7,v]di7 see ,il ,trovatore ,air1 or ,air on ! ,g ,/r+ 7,ba*7 ,al fresco 7,h]b]t7 8,allia m>cia0 7,sibelius71 see ,k>elia ,suite 8,allmae*t'ge ,jungfrau10 or 8,elisabe?'s ,pray]0 7,wagn]71 see ,tannhaeus] ,alley ,tunes 7,guion7 8,almo/ ,l ,be+ 9 ,love0 7,loewe71 see ,brigadoon ,alsatian ,sc5es 7,mass5et7 8,als ,bueble9 kle90 7,nicolai71 see ,! ,m]ry ,wives ( ,w9dsor ,alt ,wi5 7,god[sky7 ,alt ,wi5 7,ziehr]7 ,amelia 7,lumbye7 ,am]ican ,fantasia 7,h]b]t7 ,am]ican ,salute3 8,:5 ,johnny ,comes ,m>*+ ,home0 7,g\ld7 ,am]ican ,suite 7,cadman7 ,am]ican ,symphonette ,no4 #b 7,g\ld7 8,am ,me]0 7,s*ub]t7 ,an ,am]ican 9 ,p>is 7,g]%w97 ,&alucia 7,lecuona7 ,&aluza 7,granados71 see ,spani% ,dances ,&ante cantabile 7,t*aikovsky7 ,&ante religioso 7,halvors57 ,&ant9o 7,kreisl]7 ,an d] s*o55 blau5 ,donau 7,johann ,/rauss ,,ii71 see ,! ,blue ,danube 8,an die ,musik0 7,s*ub]t7 8,! ,angelus0 7,h]b]t7 ,anitra's ,dance 7,grieg71 see ,pe] ,gynt ,suite1 ,no4 #a ,ann5-,polka 7,johann ,/rauss ,,ii7 ,anvil ,*orus 7,v]di71 see 8,v$i1 le fos*e notturne spoglie10 ,il ,trovatore ,apa*e ,dance 7,(f5ba*7 8,aprs un rve0 7,faur7 ,aqu>ell5 7,josef ,/rauss7 ,arabian ,dance 7,t*aikovsky71 see ,nutcrack] ,suite ,arkansas ,travel] 7,guion7 ,l',arlsi5ne1 ,suite ,nos4 #a & #b 7,bizet7 8,el ,arreglito0 7,yradi]7 ,arti/'s ,life 7,johann ,/rauss ,,ii7 ,ascot ,gavotte 7,loewe71 see ,my ,fair ,lady ,ase's ,dea? 7,grieg71 see ,pe] ,gynt ,suite1 ,no4 #a ,z ,y ,l ,x3 ,dances 7,g]man7 8,at ,dawn+0 7,cadman7 8,a te que/o ros>io0 7,pon*ielli71 see ,la ,gioconda ,aubade prov5ale 7,kreisl]7 8,auf dem ,wass] zu s+50 7,s*ub]t7 ,auf=d]ung zum ,tanz 7,web]71 see ,invitation to ! ,dance 8,auf ,fluegeln des ,gesanges0 7,m5delssohn71 see 8,on ,w+s ( ,song0 8,au mont ,v5us0 7,(f5ba*71 see ,la ,belle ,hlne ,au/rian ,national ,an!m 7,haydn71 see 8,gott erhalte ,franz d5 ,kais]0 ,autumn ,song 7,t*aikovsky71 see ,! ,mon?s 8,ave ,m>ia0 7,g\nod7 8,ave ,m>ia0 7,s*ub]t7 8,ay ,*iquita0 7,yradi]7 ,babes 9 ,toyl&3 ,selections 7,h]b]t7 ,bac*anale1 f ,! ,que5 ( ,%eba 7,k>l ,goldm>k7 ,bac*anale1 f ,samson & ,delilah 7,sa9t-,sans7 ,bac*anale1 f ,tannhaeus] 7,wagn]7 ,bahn-,frei ,polka 7,edu>d ,/rauss7 8,bali ,h'ai0 7,rodg]s71 see ,s\? ,pacific ,ballabile 7,v]di71 see ,aida 8,ballade vom ang5ehm5 ,leb50 7,weill71 see 8,! ,ballad ( ,pleasant ,liv+10 ,! ,?ree-,p5ny ,op]a 8,ballad ( ,h]ne ! ,hunt]0 7,nicolai71 see ,! ,m]ry ,wives ( ,w9dsor 8,! ,ballad ( ,pleasant ,liv+0 7,weill71 see ,! ,?ree-,p5ny ,op]a ,ballatella1 or 8,bird ,song0 7,leoncavallo71 see 8,/ridono lassu0 ,pagliacci ,ballet gypti5 7,luig9i7 ,ballet ,music f ,rosamunde 7,s*ub]t7 ,ballet ,suite 7,gluck-,mottl71 see ,gluck ,! ,banjo 7,gotts*alk7 ,b>b>a-,song 7,weill71 see ,! ,?ree-,p5ny ,op]a ,! ,b>b] ( ,seville3 ,ov]ture & ,selections 7,ross9i7 ,b>c>olle f ,! ,tales ( ,h(fmann 7,(f5ba*7 ,b>t]$ ,bride3 ,ov]ture & ,selections 7,smetana7 ,le ,b>uffe ,*iozzotte1 ,ov]ture 7,s9igaglia7 ,! ,bat 7,johann ,/rauss ,,ii71 see ,die ,fl$]maus ,bav>ian ,dances 7,elg>7 8,beautiful ,dream]0 7,fo/]7 ,beautiful ,gala!a1 ,ov]ture 7,supp7 8,die beid5 ,gr5adi]e0 7,s*umann7 ,! ,begg> ,/ud5t3 ,selections 7,milloeck]7 8,bella figlia dell' amore10 ,qu>tet 7,v]di71 see ,rigoletto ,la ,belle ,hlne3 ,selections 7,(f5ba*7 ,b]ceuse f ,jocelyn 7,god>d7 ,b]ceuse 7,jrnefelt7 8,bess1 ,y ,is ,my ,woman ,n[0 7,g]%w971 see ,porgy & ,bess ,d] ,bettel/ud5t 7,milloeck]71 see ,! ,begg> ,/ud5t ,big ,b5 7,rose7 8,bill0 7,k]n71 see ,%[ ,boat ,bird ,song1 8,/ridono lassu0 7,leoncavallo71 see ,pagliacci 8,bi/ du's1 la*5des ,glueck0 7,lehr71 see ,! ,c\nt ( ,luxemb\rg ,black1 ,br[n & ,beige 7,ell+ton7 ,! ,black ,dom9o3 ,ov]ture 7,aub]7 8,bl[ ,high1 ,bl[ ,l[0 7,rodg]s71 see ,c>\sel ,! ,blue ,danube 7,johann ,/rauss ,,ii7 8,blue ,heav50 7,romb]g71 see ,! ,des]t ,song ,blue ,tango 7,&]son7 ,la ,bohme3 ,selections 7,pucc9i7 ,! ,bohemian ,girl3 ,selections 7,balfe7 ,bol]o 7,moszk[ski7 ,bol]o 7,ravel7 ,boris ,godunov3 ,polonaise 7,mussorgsky7 ,bridal ,procession 7,rimsky-,korsakov71 see ,le ,coq d'or ,brigadoon3 ,selections 7,loewe7 ,brigg ,fair 7,gra+]7 8,brightly ,dawns ,our ,w$d+ ,day0 7,sullivan71 see ,! ,mikado ,br9disi 7,v]di71 see 8,libiamo1 ,libiamo10 ,la ,traviata ,bugl]'s ,holiday 7,&]son7 8,! ,bully's ,ballad0 7,weill71 see ,! ,?ree-,p5ny ,op]a ,caecili5 7,johann ,/rauss ,,ii7 ,cakewalk 7,gotts*alk-,kay71 see ,gotts*alk ,caliph ( ,bagdad3 ,ov]ture 7,boieldieu7 8,la ,calunnia0 7,ross9i71 see ,! ,b>b] ( ,seville 8,campt[n ,races0 7,fo/]7 ,! ,can>y 7,moz>t71 see ,g]man ,dances ,c-,c 7,(f5ba*71 see ,la ,belle ,hlne1 ,orpheus 9 ! ,und]world 8,canon ,song0 7,weill71 see ,! ,?ree-,p5ny ,op]a 8,c't ,help ,lov9' ,t ,man0 7,k]n71 see ,%[ ,boat 8,cantique ,nol0 7,adam7 8,canto ,siboney0 7,lecuona7 ,canzonetta 7,sibelius7 ,capriccio espagnol 7,rimsky-,korsakov71 see ,spani% ,caprice ,caprice ,basque 7,s>asate7 ,caprice ,vi5nois 7,kreisl]7 8,c>d ,song0 7,bizet71 see ,c>m5 8,c>efully on ,tip-,toe ,/eal+0 7,sullivan71 see ,p9a=e ,c>m53 ,preludes & ,selections 7,bizet7 ,c>naval ,p>is 7,sv5ds571 see ,c>nival 9 ,p>is ,c>nival ( ,animals 7,sa9t-,sans7 ,c>nival ,ov]ture 7,glazunov7 8,c>o nome0 7,v]di71 see ,rigoletto ,c>\sel3 ,selections 7,rodg]s7 ,c>\sel ,waltz 7,rodg]s71 see ,c>\sel ,casse-noisette 7,t*aikovsky71 see ,nutcrack] ,suite 8,ca/a diva0 7,bell9i71 see ,norma ,catalonia 7,albniz7 ,catfi% ,r[ 7,g]%w971 see ,porgy & ,bess ,cavall]ia ,ru/icana3 ,selections 7,mascagni7 ,caucasian ,sket*es 7,ippolitov-,ivanov7 ,cavat9a 7,raff7 8,cele/e ,aida0 7,v]di71 see ,aida ,c5tral ,p>k 7,goldman7 ,*ampagne ,galop 7,lumbye7 ,*anson bohme 7,bizet71 see ,c>m5 ,*anson ,l\is ,,xiii et ,pavane 7,kreisl]7 ,*anson sans p>oles 7,t*aikovsky71 see ,song ,)\t ,words ,*anson tri/e 7,t*aikovsky7 8,*e gelida man9a0 7,pucc9i71 see ,la ,bohme ,*ildr5's ,corn] 7,debussy7 ,*ildr5's ,dance 7,g]man71 see ,z ,y ,l ,x ,*ildr5's ,games 7,bizet7 ,*ildr5's ,m>* 7,goldman7 ,*ildr5's ,m>* 7,gra+]7 ,*ildr5's ,symphony 7,mc,donald7 ,*imes ( ,norm&y3 ,selections 7,planquette7 ,! ,*ocolate ,soldi]3 ,selections 7,/raus7 8,*orus ( ,swords0 7,g\nod71 see ,fau/ ,*ri/mas ,fe/ival 7,&]son7 ,le ,cid3 ,ballet ,music 7,mass5et7 8,cid] ,song0 7,planquette71 see ,! ,*imes ( ,norm&y 8,cielo e m>0 7,pon*ielli71 see ,la ,gioconda ,circus ,day 7,taylor7 ,clair de lune 7,debussy7 8,climb+ ,ov] ,rocky ,m\nta90 7,sullivan71 see ,pirates ( ,p5zance ,les ,clo*es de ,corneville 7,planquette71 see ,! ,*imes ( ,norm&y ,clog ,dance 7,lortz+71 see ,cz> & ,c>p5t] ,cockaigne ,ov]ture 7,elg>7 8,cockey$ ,optimi/0 7,rodg]s71 see ,s\? ,pacific ,colas ,breugnon3 ,ov]ture 7,kabalevsky7 ,! ,com$ians 7,kabalevsky7 ,com$y ,ov]ture on ,negro ,!mes 7,gilb]t7 8,come ,fri5ds ,:o ,pl\gh ! ,sea0 7,sullivan71 see ,pirates ( ,p5zance 8,come1 ,sweet ,dea?0 7,ba*7 8,la ,comp>asa0 7,lecuona7 8,come to ,me1 ,b5d to ,me0 7,loewe71 see ,brigadoon ,conc]t ,polka 7,lumbye7 ,conc]to 9 ,f 7,g]%w97 8,connais-tu le pays80 7,?omas7 see ,mignon ,les ,contes d',h(fmann 7,(f5ba*71 see ,tales ( ,h(fmann ,contr$anses 7,bee?ov57 ,contreta5ze 7,moz>t71 see ,c\ntry ,dances ,conv]sation ,piece3 ,selections 7,c[>d7 ,copplia3 ,suite 7,delibes7 ,le ,coq d'or3 ,bridal ,procession1 ,hymn to ! ,sun 7,rimsky-,korsakov7 ,la ,coquette 7,bor[ski7 ,crdoba 7,albniz7 ,corni% ,rhapsody 7,ba?7 ,coronation ,m>* 7,mey]be]71 see ,le ,prophte ,el ,corpus en ,seville 7,albniz71 see ,fte-,dieu ,seville ,cottilon 7,b5jam97 ,c\ntess ,m>itza3 ,selections 7,klmn7 ,! ,c\nt ( ,luxemb\rg3 ,selections 7,lehr7 ,c\ntry ,dance 7,g]man71 see ,h5ry ,,viii ,c\ntry ,dances 7,moz>t7 ,c\ntry ,g>d5s 7,gra+]7 ,c[boy ,rhapsody 7,g\ld7 8,cradle ,song0 7,brahms7 ,! ,cr[n ,jewels3 ,ov]ture 7,aub]7 ,cuban ,ov]ture 7,g]%w97 ,le ,cygne 7,sa9t-,sans71 see ,! ,swan1 ,c>nival ( ,animals ,cz> & ,c>p5t]3 ,selections 7,lortz+7 ,cz>das 7,delibes71 see ,copplia ,die ,cz>dasfu]/9 7,klmn71 see ,! ,gypsy ,pr9cess ,cz> und ,zimm]mann 7,lortz+71 see ,cz> & ,c>p5t] ,dagg] ,dance 7,h]b]t7 8,da geh' i* zu ,maxim0 7,lehr71 see ,! ,m]ry ,wid[ ,la ,dame blan*e3 ,ov]ture 7,boieldieu7 ,damnation ( ,fau/3 ,selections 7,b]lioz7 8,d'amor sull' ali rosee0 7,v]di71 see ,il ,trovatore ,dance 9 ,place ,congo 7,gilb]t7 ,dance ( ! ,bless$ ,spirits 7,gluck7 ,dance ( ! ,buffoons 7,rimsky-,korsakov7 ,dance ( ! ,camorri/i 7,wolf-,f]r>i71 see ,! ,jewels ( ! ,madonna ,dance ( ! ,*9ese ,girls 7,glire71 see ,! ,r$ ,poppy ,dance ( ! ,com$ians 7,smetana71 see ,! ,b>t]$ ,bride ,dance ( ! ,flutes 7,t*aikovsky71 see ,nutcrack] ,suite ,dance ( ! ,moori% ,slaves 7,v]di71 see ,aida ,dance ( ! ,rose ,girls 7,khat*aturian71 see ,gayane ,dance ( ! ,spani% ,onion 7,rose7 ,dance ( ! ,sug>plum ,fairy 7,t*aikovsky71 see ,nutcrack] ,suite ,dance ( ! ,sylphs 7,b]lioz71 see ,damnation ( ,fau/ ,dance ( ! ,tumbl]s 7,rimsky-,korsakov71 see ,dance ( ! ,buffoons ,dance ( ! ,waves 7,catalani71 see ,! ,loreley ,dance ( ! ,:eat 7,g9a/]a71 see ,dances f ,e/ancia ,danc]s ( ,m>di ,gras 7,cadman7 ,dances f ,e/ancia3 ,dance ( ! ,:eat 7,g9a/]a7 8,danc+ ,w ,keep ,y ,"y0 7,romb]g71 see ,maytime ,danse macabre 7,sa9t-,sans7 ,danse ngre 7,scott7 ,danza della ore 7,pon*ielli71 see ,dance ( ! ,h\rs1 ,la ,gioconda ,daught] ( ! ,regim5t3 ,ov]ture 7,donizetti7 8,dawn ( ,love0 7,friml71 see ,! ,firefly 8,dea? & ! ,maid50 7,s*ub]t71 see 8,d] ,tod und das ,ma$*50 8,deep 9 ,my ,he>t0 7,romb]g71 see ,! ,/ud5t ,pr9ce 8,de ,glory ,road0 7,wolfe7 8,de9 i/ me9 ganzes ,h]z0 7,lehr71 see ,! ,l& ( ,smiles ,deliri5 7,josef ,/rauss7 ,! ,deluge 7,sa9t-,sans7 8,de' miei boll5ti spiriti0 7,v]di71 see ,rigoletto 8,des]to sulla t]ra0 7,v]di71 see ,il ,trovatore ,! ,des]t ,song3 ,selections 7,romb]g7 ,deuts*e ,ta5ze 7,bee?ov571 see ,g]man ,dances ,deuts*e ,ta5ze 7,moz>t7 see ,g]man ,dances ,les ,diamants de la c\ronne 7,aub]71 see ,! ,cr[n ,jewels ,di*t] und ,bau]1 ,ov]ture 7,supp71 see ,poet & ,peasant 8,di* teur] ,halle0 7,wagn]71 see ,tannhaeus] 8,di ,prov5za il m>0 7,v]di71 see ,la ,traviata 8,di quella pira0 7,v]di71 see ,il ,trovatore 8,dis moi ,v5us0 7,(f5ba*71 see ,la ,belle ,hlne ,div]tissem5t 7,ib]t7 ,doctr95 7,edu>d ,/rauss7 ,dolly 7,faur7 ,dolores 7,waldteufel7 ,le ,dom9o noir 7,aub]71 see ,! ,black ,dom9o ,donauli$] 7,johann ,/rauss ,i7 8,donkey ,s]5ade0 7,friml7 ,donna ,diana3 ,ov]ture 7,rezniek7 8,la donne mobile0 7,v]di7 see ,rigoletto ,donn]wett] 7,moz>t71 see ,c\ntry ,dances ,don ,pasquale3 ,ov]ture 7,donizetti7 ,dorfs*walb5 aus ,oe/]rei* 7,josef ,/rauss7 ,dream ,pantomime 7,hump]d9ck71 see ,hansel & ,gretel ,dream ,pictures 7,lumbye7 ,die ,dreigros*5op] 7,weill71 see ,! ,?ree-,p5ny ,op]a 8,dr9k+ ,song0 7,romb]g71 see ,! ,/ud5t ,pr9ce 8,du bi/ die ,ruh0 7,s*ub]t7 8,! ,duke ( ,plaza-,toro0 7,sullivan71 see ,! ,gondoli]s 8,du & ,du0 7,johann ,/rauss ,,ii71 see ,die ,fl$]maus ,dynamid5 7,josef ,/rauss7 8,ecco rid5te 9 cielo0 7,ross9i71 see ,! ,b>b] ( ,seville ,eight ,russian ,folk ,songs 7,liadov7 ,e9 ,morg51 e9 ,mittag1 e9 ,ab5d 9 ,wi5 7,supp71 see ,morn+1 ,noon & ,night 9 ,vi5na ,e9zugm>s* 7,johann ,/rauss ,,ii71 see ,! ,gypsy ,b>on ,el ,capitan 7,s\sa7 ,electrophor-,polka 7,johann ,/rauss ,,ii7 lgie 7,mass5et71 see ,les rynnies ,elegy 7,t*aikovsky71 see ,s]5ade = ,/r+s ,l',elisir d'amore3 ,selections 7,donizetti7 8,elisabe?'s ,pray]0 7,wagn]71 see 8,allma*t'ge ,jungfrau10 ,tannhaeus] 8,e lucevan le /elle0 7,pucc9i71 see ,tosca ,embassy ,waltz 7,loewe71 see ,my ,fair ,lady ,emp]or ,waltz 7,johann ,/rauss ,,ii7 ,en bateau 7,debussy71 see ,petite suite 8,! ,end ( a ,p]fect ,day0 7,bond7 8,entry ,m>*0 7,johann ,/rauss ,,ii71 see ,! ,gypsy ,b>on 8,d] ,erlko5ig0 7,s*ub]t7 ,les rynnies 7,mass5et7 ,escapade 7,rose7 ,espaa 7,*abri]7 ,espaa 7,waldteufel7 8,e/rellita0 7,ponce7 ,e/udianta 7,waldteufel7 ,etudes 7,*op971 see also ,revolution>y ,etude ,evato*t] 7,ziehr]7 ,ev5+ 9 ! ,tivoli 7,lumbye7 8,ev5+ ,song0 7,s*umann71 see 8,ab5dli$0 ,explosions ,polka 7,johann ,/rauss ,,ii7 ,facsimile3 ,suite 7,b]n/e97 ,! ,fair at ,soro*9sk3 ,hopak 7,mussorgsky7 8,fair ,is ! ,rose z ! ,bright ,may ,day0 7,sullivan71 see ,ruddigore 8,fair ,moon to ,!e ,i ,s+0 7,sullivan71 see ,p9a=e ,family ,album 7,g\ld7 ,fancy ,free3 ,suite 7,b]n/e97 ,fantasia & ,fugue on ,oh1 ,susanna 7,caillet7 ,fantasia on ,gre5sleeves 7,vaughan ,williams7 ,fantaisie-,impromptu 9 ,c-%>p m9or 7,*op97 8,! ,f>m] & ! ,c[man0 7,rodg]s71 see ,oklahoma6 ,fas*+sk9d] 7,ziehr]7 ,fau/3 ,selections 7,g\nod7 ,fte-,dieu ,seville 7,albniz7 ,fiddle ,faddle 7,&]son7 ,la ,fileuse 7,raff7 ,la ,fille aux *eveux de l9 7,debussy71 see ,! ,girl ,) ! ,flax5 ,hair ,la ,fille de ,mme4 ,angot3 ,selections 7,lecocq7 ,f+al's ,cave1 or ,hebrides1 ,ov]ture 7,m5delssohn7 ,f9l&ia 7,sibelius7 ,! ,firefly3 ,selections 7,friml7 ,die ,fl$]maus3 ,ov]ture1 ,selections 7,johann ,/rauss ,,ii7 ,d] flieg5de ,holla5d] 7,wagn]71 see ,! ,fly+ ,dut*man ,flight ( ! ,bumble ,bee 7,rimsky-,korsakov7 8,fl[] ,song0 7,bizet71 see ,c>m5 8,! ,fl[]s t ,bloom 9 ! ,spr+0 7,sullivan71 see ,! ,mikado ,! ,fly+ ,dut*man3 ,ov]ture1 ,selections 7,wagn]7 8,fold ,y\r ,flapp+ ,w+s0 7,sullivan71 see ,iolan! 8,die ,=elle0 7,s*ub]t7 8,= ,i am a ,pirate ,k+0 7,sullivan71 see ,pirates ( ,p5zance 8,= ,ev]yone ,:o ,feels ,incl9$0 7,sullivan71 see ,! ,gondoli]s 8,= ,he is an ,engli%man0 7,sullivan71 see ,p9a=e 8,= ! ,m]rie/ ,fell[s are ,we0 7,sullivan71 see ,! ,gondoli]s ,=tune ,tell]3 ,selections 7,h]b]t7 ,la ,=za del de/9o3 ,ov]ture 7,v]di7 ,f\r ,c5turies 7,coates7 ,fra ,diavolo3 ,selections 7,aub]7 ,frasquita ,s]5ade 7,h]b]t7 8,fr5* ,m>*+ ,song0 7,romb]g71 see ,! ,des]t ,song ,fr5* ,milit>y ,m>* 7,sa9t-,sans71 see ,suite algri5ne 8,freudig begruess50 7,wagn]71 see ,tannhaeus] ,fri$ri*-,k>l ,m>* 7,kl]-,bla7 8,f ! ,l& ( ! ,sky-,blue ,wat]0 7,cadman7 ,f ! ,middle ,ages 7,glazunov7 ,fruehl+sraus*5 7,s9d+71 see ,ru/le ( ,spr+ ,fruehl+s/imm5 7,johann ,/rauss ,,ii71 see ,voices ( ,spr+ ,fun]al ,m>* 7,*op97 ,furiant 7,smetana7 see ,! ,b>t]$ ,bride ,la ,gaiet p>isi5ne 7,(f5ba*-,ros5?al71 see ,(f5ba* ,galops 7,(f5ba*71 see ,la ,gr& ,du*esse de ,g]ol/e9 ,gavotte 7,gossec7 ,gavotte 7,?omas71 see ,mignon ,gayane3 ,suite 7,khat*aturian7 ,la ,gazza ladra3 ,ov]ture 7,ross9i7 ,g]man ,dances 7,bee?ov57 ,g]man ,dances 7,haydn7 ,g]man ,dances 7,moz>t7 ,g]man ,dances 7,s*ub]t7 8,get ,me to ! ,*ur* on ,"t0 7,loewe71 see ,my ,fair ,lady 8,gett+ to ,"k ,y0 7,rodg]s71 see ,! ,k+ & ,i 8,giann9a ,mia0 7,friml71 see ,! ,firefly ,g+]bread ,waltz 7,hump]d9ck71 see ,hansel & ,gretel ,la ,gioconda3 ,selections 7,pon*ielli7 8,! ,girl at ,maxim's0 7,lehr71 see ,! ,m]ry ,wid[ ,! ,girl ,) ! ,flax5 ,hair 7,debussy7 ,gir(l-,gir(la3 ,selections 7,lecocq7 ,giselle3 ,suite 7,adam7 ,la ,gitana 7,kreisl]7 ,gitan]ias 7,lecuona7 8,gloire au gr& ,dieu v5geur0 7,mey]be]71 see ,les ,hugu5ots 8,gloria all' ,egitto0 7,v]di71 see ,aida 8,! ,gl[-,worm0 7,l9cke7 8,gluewu]m*50 7,l9cke71 see 8,! ,gl[-,worm0 8,god's ,_w0 7,wolfe7 8,go9' to ,heav50 7,wolfe7 ,gold & ,silv] ,waltzes 7,lehr7 ,golliwogg's ,cakewalk 7,debussy71 see ,*ildr5's ,corn] ,! ,gondoli]s3 ,selections 7,sullivan7 8,goodbye1 ,=ev]0 7,to/i71 see 8,addio0 8,good ,morn+1 ,good ,"m0 7,sullivan71 see ,iolan! ,gopak1 f ,! ,fair at ,soro*9sk 7,mussorgsky71 see ,hopak 8,gott erhalte ,franz d5 ,kais]10 ,au/rian national an!m 7,haydn7 ,graf9 ,m>iza 7,klmn71 see ,c\ntess ,m>itza ,d] ,graf von ,luxemburg 7,lehr71 see ,! ,c\nt ( ,luxemb\rg ,gr& ,canyon ,suite 7,gr(7 ,gr& ,m>*1 f ,aida 7,v]di7 ,la ,gr& ,pque ,russe 7,rimsky-,korsakov71 see ,russian ,ea/] ,ov]ture ,gre5sleeves 7,vaughan ,williams71 see ,fantasia on ,gre5sleeves 8,gret*5 am ,sp9nrade0 7,s*ub]t7 ,g's*i*t5 aus dem ,wi5] ,wald 7,johann ,/rauss ,,ii71 see ,tales f ! ,vi5na ,woods ,guadalcanal ,m>* 7,rodg]s71 see ,victory at ,sea ,guillaume ,tell 7,ross9i71 see ,william ,tell ,guit>re 7,moszk[ski7 ,gypsy ,airs 7,s>asate7 ,gypsy ,b>on3 ,selections 7,johann ,/rauss ,,ii7 ,gypsy ,love3 ,selections 7,lehr7 8,gypsy ,love ,song0 7,h]b]t71 see ,! ,=tune ,tell] ,gypsy ,pr9cess3 ,selections 7,klmn7 ,gypsy ,rondo 7,haydn7 ,haban]a 7,bizet71 see ,c>m5 8,hab e9 blaues ,himmelbett0 7,lehr71 see ,frasquita ,s]5ade 8,hail ! ,bride ( ,sev5te5 ,summ]s0 7,sullivan71 see ,ruddigore ,h&el 9 ! ,/r& 7,gra+]7 8,hallelujah ,*orus0 f ,messiah 7,h&el7 ,hansel & ,gretel3 ,ov]ture & ,selections 7,hump]d9ck7 8,happy ,talk0 7,rodg]s71 see ,s\? ,pacific 8,h>k1 ,h>k1 ! ,l>k0 7,s*ub]t7 ,h>lequ9 ,s]5ade 7,drigo71 see ,s]5ade ,h>lequ9 ,s]5ade 7,leoncavallo71 see 8,o1 ,columb9a601 ,pagliacci ,h>monica ,play] 7,guion71 see ,alley ,tunes ,h>moni\s ,blacksmi? 7,h&el7 ,havanaise 7,sa9t-,sans7 8,! ,he>t ,b[$ ,d[n0 7,balfe71 see ,! ,bohemian ,girl 8,hea!r on ! ,hill0 7,loewe71 see ,brigadoon ,hebrew ,melody 7,a*ron7 ,hebrides ,ov]ture1 7,m5delssohn71 see ,f+al's ,cave ,hejre ,kati 7,hubay71 see ,hung>ian ,cz>das ,sc5es 8,hello1 ,"y ,lov]s0 7,rodg]s71 see ,! ,k+ & ,i ,h5ry ,,viii3 ,dances 7,g]man7 ,h5ry ,,viii3 ,ballet ,music 7,sa9t-,sans7 8,h]e9spazi]t0 f ,d] ,s*atzmei/] 7,ziehr]7 8,"h's a ,h[-de-d0 7,sullivan71 see ,! ,mikado ,h]oic ,polonaise 7,*op97 ,hesp]us 7,lumbye7 ,h9du ,*ant 7,rimsky-,korsakov7 ,8 ,lullaby 7,bond7 ,h(fballtanz 7,lann]7 ,h(fnungs/]ne 7,kl]-,bla7 ,holb]g ,suite 7,grieg7 ,holiday = ,/r+s 7,rose7 ,holiday = ,trombones 7,rose7 ,holiday ,suite 7,g\ld7 ,holzs*utanz 7,lortz+71 see ,clog ,dance1 ,cz> & ,c>p5t] 8,home on ! ,range0 7,guion7 ,hopak1 f ,! ,fair at ,soro*9sk 7,mussorgsky7 ,hora /accato 7,d9icu7 8,hor*1 hor*e die ,l]*e0 7,s*ub]t71 see 8,h>k1 ,h>k1 ! ,l>k0 ,horse & ,buggy 7,&]son7 ,hudson ,riv] ,suite 7,gr(7 ,les ,hugu5ots3 ,ov]ture1 ,selections 7,mey]be]7 ,humoresque 7,dvok7 ,humoresque 7,t*aikovsky7 ,hung>ian ,com$y ,ov]ture 7,kl]-,bla7 ,hung>ian ,cz>das ,sc5es 7,hubay7 ,hung>ian ,dances 7,brahms7 ,hung>ian ,rhapsody 7,hubay71 see ,hung>ian ,cz>das ,sc5es ,hung>ian ,rhapsody ,no4 #b 7,liszt7 ,hurrah-,/urm 7,kl]-,bla7 8,hymn to ! ,sun0 7,rimsky-,korsakov71 see ,le ,coq d'or 8,i ,am ! ,capta9 ( ! ,p9a=e0 7,sullivan71 see ,p9a=e 8,i ,am ! ,mon>* ( ! ,sea0 7,sullivan71 see ,p9a=e 8,i ,am ,titania0 7,?omas71 see 8,je suis ,titania10 ,mignon 8,i ,am ! ,v ,patt]n ( a ,mod]n ,major ,g5]al0 7,sullivan71 see ,pirates ( ,p5zance 8,i ,_c ,tell ,:at ,?is ,love ,may ,be0 7,sullivan71 see ,pati5ce 8,i* b9 die ,*ri/el von d] ,po/0 7,zell]71 see ,d] ,vogelha5dl] 8,i* b9 e9 ,zigeu5]k9d0 7,lehr71 see ,gypsy ,love 8,i* hab' ke9 ,geld0 7,milloeck]71 see ,! ,begg> ,/ud5t 8,i* knuepfte man*e z>te ,b&e0 7,milloeck]71 see ,! ,begg> ,/ud5t 8,i* setz d5 ,fall0 7,milloeck]71 see ,! ,begg> ,/ud5t 8,i ,c\ld ,h ,danc$ ,all ,night0 7,loewe71 see ,my ,fair ,lady 8,ideale0 7,to/i7 8,i ,dream'd ,i ,dwelt 9 ,m>ble ,halls0 7,balfe71 see ,! ,bohemian ,girl 8,if ,i ,lov$ ,y0 7,rodg]s71 see ,c>\sel 8,if ,somebody ,!re ,*anc$ to ,be0 7,sullivan71 see ,ruddigore 8,if ,y ,g ,90 7,sullivan71 see ,iolan! 8,if ,y're ,anxi\s ,= to ,%9e0 7,sullivan71 see ,pati5ce 8,if ,y ,want a ,receipt0 7,sullivan71 see ,pati5ce 8,if ,y ,want to ,"k ,:o ,we ,are0 7,sullivan71 see ,! ,mikado 8,i ,got ,pl5ty ( ,nutt9'0 7,g]%w971 see ,porgy & ,bess 8,i ,h a ,song to ,s+1 ,o0 7,sullivan7 see ,yeom5 ( ! ,gu>d 8,i ,h ,dream$0 7,rodg]s71 see ,! ,k+ & ,i 8,i ,"k a ,y\? ,:o ,loves a ,little ,maid0 7,sullivan71 see ,ruddigore 8,il bal50 7,v]di71 see ,il ,trovatore 8,i'll ,foll[ ,my ,secret ,he>t0 7,c[>d71 see ,conv]sation ,piece 8,i ,love ,y0 7,wright & ,=re/71 see ,song ( ,norway1 ,grieg 8,i ,love ,y1 ,porgy10 7,g]%w971 see ,porgy & ,bess 8,i ,love ,y1 ,truly0 7,c[>d71 see ,bitt] ,sweet 8,i'm ,call$ ,little ,butt]cup0 7,sullivan71 see ,p9a=e 8,i'm ,fall+ 9 ,love ,) ,someone0 7,h]b]t71 see ,naughty ,m>ietta 8,i'm ,gonna ,wa% ,t ,man ,"r ,outa ,my ,hair0 7,rodg]s71 see ,s\? ,pacific 8,i'm 9 ,love ) a ,wond]ful ,guy0 7,rodg]s71 see ,s\? ,pacific 8,im ,prat] bluehn wi$] die ,baeume0 7,/olz7 ,impressions ( ,italy 7,*>p5ti]7 ,9 a ,*9ese ,g>d5 7,ketelby7 ,9 a ,mona/]y ,g>d5 7,ketelby7 ,9 a ,p]sian ,g>d5 7,ketelby7 ,9 ,autumn 7,grieg7 8,9 ,bygone ,days0 7,sullivan71 see ,ruddigore ,indian ,lam5t 7,dvok7 8,indian ,love ,call0 7,friml71 see ,rose ,m>ie ,indian ,sket*es 7,gilb]t7 ,indian ,summ] 7,h]b]t7 ,9 ,spr+ 7,k>l ,goldm>k7 ,int]mezzo1 f ,cavall]ia ,ru/icana 7,mascagni7 ,int]mezzo1 f ,goyescas 7,granados7 ,int]mezzo1 f ,pagliacci 7,leoncavallo7 ,int]mezzo1 f ,! ,viol9 ,mak] 7,hubay7 ,int]mezzo 7,t*aikovsky71 see ,suite = ,or*e/ra1 ,no4 #a ,int]mezzos f ,! ,jewels ( ! ,madonna 7,wolf-,f]r>i7 ,int]play 7,g\ld7 8,9 ! ,autumn ( ,our ,life0 7,sullivan71 see ,yeom5 ( ! ,gu>d ,9 ! ,hall ( ! ,m\nta9 ,k+ 7,grieg71 see ,pe] ,gynt ,suite1 ,no4 #a ,9 ! ,s\? 7,elg>7 ,9 ! ,/eppes ( ,c5tral ,asia 7,borod97 ,introduction & ,rondo ,capriccioso 7,sa9t-,sans7 ,invitation to ! ,dance 7,web]7 ,iolan!3 ,selections 7,sullivan7 8,i ,once ,0 z ,meek z a ,new ,born ,lamb0 7,sullivan71 see ,ruddigore ,iri% ,rhapsody 7,h]b]t7 ,iri% ,suite 7,&]son7 ,iri% ,tune f ,c\nty ,d]ry3 8,londond]ry ,air0 7,gra+]7 8,i ,%ipp$1 ,d'ye ,see1 9 a ,rev5ue ,sloop0 7,sullivan7 see ,ruddigore 8,isle ( ,dreams0 7,h]b]t7 see ,! ,r$ ,mill 8,is ,love a ,boon80 7,sullivan71 see ,yeom5 ( ! ,gu>d 8,i ,/ole ! ,pr9cess0 7,sullivan71 see ,! ,gondoli]s 8,x ,a9't ,necess>ily ,s0 7,g]%w971 see ,porgy & ,bess ,l',italiana 9 ,alg]i3 ,ov]ture 7,ross9i7 8,italian ,/reet ,song0 7,h]b]t71 see ,naughty ,m>ietta 8,x is ,n ,love0 7,sullivan71 see ,! ,sorc]] 8,x's a ,w9dy ,day on ! ,batt]y0 7,romb]g71 see ,maytime 8,i've ,done ,my ,"w0 7,bond7 8,i've ,got a ,little ,li/0 7,sullivan71 see ,! ,mikado 8,i've ,gr[n ,accu/om$ to ,h] ,face0 7,loewe71 see ,my ,fair ,lady 8,i ,:i/le a ,happy ,tune0 7,rodg]s71 see ,! ,k+ & ,i 8,ja1 das alles auf ,ehr0 7,johann ,/rauss ,,ii71 see ,gypsy ,b>on ,jamaican ,rumba 7,b5jam97 ,jazz ,legato 7,&]son7 ,jazz ,pizzicato 7,&]son7 8,jeanie ,) ! ,light ,br[n ,hair0 7,fo/]7 ,jesu1 ,joy ( ,man's ,desir+ 7,ba*7 8,je suis ,titania0 7,?omas71 see ,mignon ,jeux d'enfants 7,bizet71 see ,*ildr5's ,games 8,jewel ,song0 7,g\nod71 see ,fau/ ,jewels ( ! ,madonna3 ,int]mezzo1 ,dance ( ! ,camorri/i 7,wolf-,f]r>i7 ,jewels f ,c>ti] 7,alt]7 ,jota aragonesa 7,gl9ka7 ,jota aragonesa 7,s>asate7 ,joyeuse m>*e 7,*abri]7 ,jubilee 7,*adwick7 ,jubilee ,ov]ture 7,web]7 8,jump ,jim ,cr[0 7,romb]g71 see ,maytime ,june 7,t*aikovsky71 see ,! ,mon?s 8,june ,is ,bu/9' ,out ,all ,ov]0 7,rodg]s71 see ,c>\sel 8,j a ,we>y9' = ,y0 7,bond7 8,kaempfe nie mit ,frau50 7,zell]71 see ,d] ,vogelha5dl] ,kais] ,m>* 7,wagn]7 ,kais]waltz 7,johann ,/rauss ,,ii71 see ,emp]or ,waltz ,kam>9skaya 7,gl9ka7 ,kam5oi-,o/r[ 7,rub9/e97 ,d] ,kan>i5vogel 7,moz>t71 see ,g]man ,dances 8,kansas ,city0 7,rodg]s71 see ,oklahoma6 ,k>elia ,suite 7,sibelius7 ,ka?>9e ,m5uett5 7,haydn71 see ,m9utes ,k+ ,fr$]ick ,,vii ,homage ,m>* 7,lumbye7 ,la ,k]messe 7,g\nod71 see ,fau/ ,kett5brueck5 7,johann ,/rauss ,i7 ,khovants*9a3 ,dances ( ,p]sian ,slaves1 ,prelude to ,act #a1 & ,entr'acte 7,mussorgsky7 ,! ,k+ & ,i3 ,selections 7,rodg]s7 ,k+ ,cotton 7,s\sa7 8,kiss ,me ,aga90 7,h]b]t71 see ,mlle4 ,modi/e ,kiss ,me ,kate3 ,selections 7,port]7 8,kla5ge d] ,heimat0 7,johann ,/rauss ,,ii71 see ,die ,fl$]maus ,e9e kle9e ,na*tmusik 7,moz>t7 ,knightsbridge ,m>* 7,coates71 see ,london ,suite 8,kn[e/ ,?\ ! ,l&0 7,?omas71 see 8,connais-tu le pays801 ,mignon 8,komm1 komm1 ,held me9] ,traeume0 7,/raus71 see 8,my ,h]o10 ,! ,*ocolate ,soldi] ,komm suess] ,tod 7,ba*71 see ,come1 ,sweet ,dea? ,kommt e9 ,vogel1 ,v>iations 7,o*s7 ,das ,l& des ,lae*elns 7,lehr71 see ,! ,l& ( ,smiles ,! ,l& ( ,smiles3 ,selections 7,lehr7 ,die ,l&e/rei*]3 ,selections 7,ziehr]7 ,la5dl] 7,s*ub]t7 ,l>go1 f ! ,new ,_w ,symphony 7,dvok7 ,l>go1 f ,x]xes 7,h&el7 8,l>go al factotum0 7,ross9i71 see ,! ,b>b] ( ,seville ,lat9-,am]ican ,symphonette 7,g\ld7 8,laugh+ ,song0 7,johann ,/rauss ,,ii71 see 8,me9 ,h]r1 ,m>quis10 ,die ,fl$]maus 8,! ,law is ! ,true ,embodim5t0 7,sullivan71 see ,iolan! 8,lebe wohl1 me9 fl&ris*' ,ma$*50 7,lortz+71 see ,cz> & ,c>p5t] ,lg5de 7,wi5iawski7 ,lei*te ,cavall]ie ,ov]ture 7,supp71 see ,light ,cavalry ,d] ,lei]mann 7,moz>t71 see ,g]man ,dances ,les ,prludes 7,liszt7 8,lett] ,song0 7,/raus71 see ,! ,*ocolate ,soldi] 8,libiamo1 libiamo10 or 8,br9disi0 7,v]di71 see ,la ,traviata 8,lieb] ,freund1 man greift ni*t0 7,lehr71 see ,c\nt ( ,luxemb\rg ,liebesfreud 7,kreisl]7 ,liebesleid 7,kreisl]7 8,liebesli$0 7,weill71 see ,! ,?ree-,p5ny ,op]a ,liebe/raum 7,liszt7 ,a ,life = ! ,ts>3 ,ov]ture1 ,mazurka & ,waltz 7,gl9ka7 8,life's ,g>d50 7,bond7 ,light ,cavalry ,ov]ture 7,supp7 8,d] ,l9d5baum0 7,s*ub]t7 ,loh5gr93 ,prelude to ,acts #a & #c1 ,w$d+ ,m>* 7,wagn]7 ,london ,suite 7,coates7 8,londond]ry ,air 7,gra+]710 see ,iri% ,tune f ,c\nty ,d]ry 8,lonely ,he>ts0 7,romb]g71 see ,blossom ,"t 8,! ,"l's ,pray]0 7,malotte7 ,lorelei ,rhe9skla5ge 7,johann ,/rauss ,i7 8,! ,lo/ ,*ord0 7,sullivan7 ,lotus ,l& 7,scott7 8,l\dly ,let ! ,trumpet ,bray0 7,sullivan71 see ,iolan! ,love = ,?ree ,oranges3 ,m>* 7,prok(iev7 8,love is a ,firefly0 7,friml71 see ,! ,firefly 8,love is a ,pla9tive ,song0 7,sullivan71 see ,pati5ce 8,lov] ,come ,back to ,me0 7,romb]g71 see ,! ,new ,moon 8,love ,song0 7,weill71 see ,! ,?ree-,p5ny ,op]a ,lucia di ,lamm]moor3 ,selections 7,donizetti7 ,lullaby 7,khat*aturian71 see ,gayane ,die lu/ige ,witwe 7,lehr71 see ,! ,m]ry ,wid[ ,lyric ,suite 7,grieg7 8,mack ! ,knife0 7,weill71 see ,! ,?ree-,p5ny ,op]a ,madama ,butt]fly3 ,selections 7,pucc9i7 8,madre pietosa0 7,v]di71 see ,la ,=za del de/9o 8,mad ,sc5e0 7,donizetti71 see ,lucia di ,lamm]moor 8,ma$el kle91 ,ma$el fe90 7,lehr71 see ,! ,c\nt ( ,luxemb\rg 8,! ,magnet & ! ,*urn0 7,sullivan71 see ,pati5ce 8,a ,maid5 ,fair to ,see0 7,sullivan71 see ,p9a=e 8,die ,maji/aet wird an]kannt0 7,johann ,/rauss ,,ii71 see ,die ,fl$]maus ,malambo 7,g9a/]a71 see ,dances f ,e/ancia ,malaguea 7,lecuona7 ,malaguea1 f ,boabdil 7,moszk[ski7 ,malaguea 7,s>asate7 ,manhattan ,masqu]ade 7,alt]7 ,manhattan ,moonlight 7,alt]7 ,manhattan ,s]5ade 7,alt]7 ,manon3 ,gavotte1 ,m9uet 7,mass5et7 8,a ,man ,:o ,w\ld ,woo a ,fair ,maid0 7,sullivan71 see ,yeom5 ( ! ,gu>d 8,_m a ,new ,day0 7,rodg]s71 see ,oklahoma6 ,m>*1 f ,tannhaeus] 7,wagn]7 ,m>* ( ! ,gladiators 7,fuk7 ,m>* ( ! ,little ,fauns 7,pi]n7 ,m>* ( ! ,little ,lead ,soldi]s 7,pi]n7 ,m>* ( ! ,royal ,siamese ,*ildr5 7,rodg]s71 see ,! ,k+ & ,i ,m>* ( ! ,smuggl]s 7,bizet71 see ,c>m5 ,m>* ( ! ,toys 7,h]b]t71 see ,babes 9 ,toyl& ,m>*e m9iature 7,t*aikovsky71 see ,suite = ,or*e/ra1 ,no4 #a ,m>*e ,slav 7,t*aikovsky7 8,m>e*i>e0 7,to/i7 ,m>i5kla5ge 7,josef ,/rauss7 ,m>k ,twa93 ,a ,portrait = ,or*e/ra 7,k]n7 ,masaniello 7,aub]71 see ,! ,mute ( ,portici ,masqu]ade 7,khat*aturian7 8,massa's 9 ,de ,cold1 ,cold ,gr\nd0 7,fo/]7 ,! ,ma/]s+]s3 8,prize ,song0 7,wagn]7 ,mat9es musicales 7,ross9i-,britt571 see ,ross9i 8,matt9ata0 7,to/i7 ,maytime3 ,selections 7,romb]g7 ,mazurka 7,delibes71 see ,copplia ,mazurka 7,gl9ka71 see ,a ,life = ! ,ts> ,mazurkas 7,*op97 ,m$itation1 f ,?as 7,mass5et7 8,me9 ,h]r1 ,m>quis0 7,johann ,/rauss ,,ii71 see ,die ,fl$]maus ,die ,mei/]s+] 7,wagn]71 see ,! ,ma/]s+]s ,mlodie 7,t*aikovsky7 ,melody 9 ,f 7,rub9/e97 ,m5uet l'antique 7,pad]ewski71 see ,m9uet ,m]rie ,engl&3 ,selections 7,g]man7 ,m]rymak]'s ,dance 7,g]man71 see ,nell ,gwynn ,! ,m]ry ,wid[3 ,selections 7,lehr7 ,! ,m]ry ,wid[ ,waltz3 8,s'fu]/5 ,geig50 7,lehr71 see ,! ,m]ry ,wid[ ,! ,m]ry ,wives ( ,w9dsor3 ,ov]ture1 ,selections 7,nicolai7 ,mexican ,rhapsody 7,mc,bride7 8,mi *iamano ,mimi0 7,pucc9i71 see ,la ,bohme ,midsomm>vaka 7,alfvn71 see ,midsumm] ,vigil ,a ,midsumm] ,night's ,dream1 ,suite 7,m5delssohn7 ,midsumm] ,vigil 7,alfvn7 8,mighty ,lak' a ,rose0 7,nev97 ,mignon3 ,ov]ture1 ,selections 7,?omas7 ,! ,mikado3 ,selections 7,sullivan7 ,milit>y ,polonaise 7,*op97 ,m9iature ,ov]ture 7,t*aikovsky71 see ,nutcrack] ,suite ,m9/rel ,%[ 7,g\ld7 ,m9uet 9 ,g 7,bee?ov57 ,m9uet 7,boc*]9i7 ,m9uet 7,bolzoni7 ,m9uet 7,kreisl]7 ,m9uet1 f ,don ,giovanni 7,moz>t7 ,m9uet1 f ,! ,tales ( ,h(fmann 7,(f5ba*7 ,m9uet 7,pad]ewski7 ,m9uet1 f ,rigoletto 7,v]di7 ,m9uet ( ! ,w'o-!-,wisp 7,b]lioz71 see ,! ,damnation ( ,fau/ ,m9uets 7,haydn7 ,m9uets 7,moz>t7 ,m9ute ,waltz 7,*op97 ,mlle4 ,modi/e3 ,selections 7,h]b]t7 ,mireille3 ,ov]ture 7,g\nod7 8,mis]]e0 7,v]di71 see 8,ah1 *e la morte ognora10 ,il ,trovatore ,mississippi ,suite 7,gr(7 ,! ,moldau1 or ,vltava 7,smetana7 ,molly on ! ,%ore 7,gra+]7 8,mon coeur s'ouvre ta voix0 7,sa9t-,sans71 see ,samson & ,delilah ,mon rve 7,waldteufel7 ,! ,mon?s 7,t*aikovsky7 8,moonbeams0 7,h]b]t71 see ,! ,r$ ,mill ,moonlight ,sonata 7,bee?ov57 ,moori% ,rhapsody 7,hump]d9ck7 ,morg5blaett] 7,johann ,/rauss ,,ii71 see ,morn+ ,j\rnals 8,morg5li* leu*t5d0 7,wagn]71 see 8,prize ,song10 ,! ,ma/]s+]s 8,moritat0 7,weill71 see ,! ,?ree-,p5ny ,op]a ,morn+ 7,grieg71 see ,pe] ,gynt1 ,suite ,no4 #a 8,morn+0 7,speaks7 ,morn+ ,j\rnals 7,johann ,/rauss ,,ii7 ,morn+1 ,noon1 & ,night 9 ,vi5na 7,supp7 ,morris ,dance 7,g]man71 see ,h5ry ,,viii ,la ,muette de ,portici 7,aub]71 see ,! ,mute ( ,portici ,musetta's ,waltz 7,pucc9i71 see ,la ,bohme ,! ,music ,box 7,liadov7 ,music ( ! ,sph]es 7,josef ,/rauss71 see ,spha]5kla5ge ,! ,mute ( ,portici3 ,ov]ture 7,aub]7 8,my ,boy ,y ,may ,take x ,f ,me0 7,sullivan71 see ,ruddigore ,my ,fair ,lady3 ,selections 7,loewe7 8,my ,he>t at ,y\r ,sweet ,voice0 7,sa9t-,sans71 see ,samson & ,delilah 8,my ,h]o0 7,/raus71 see ,! ,*ocolate ,soldi] 8,my ,ideal0 7,to/i71 see 8,ideale0 8,my ,man's ,gone ,n[0 7,g]%w971 see ,porgy & ,bess 8,my ,object ,all ,sublime0 7,sullivan71 see ,! ,mikado 8,my ,old ,k5tucky ,home0 7,fo/]7 ,nala ,waltz 7,delibes7 ,n>cissus1 f ,wat] ,sc5es 7,nev97 ,naughty ,m>ietta3 ,selections 7,h]b]t7 ,nav>ra 7,albniz7 8',nea? ! ,s\!rn ,moon0 7,h]b]t71 see ,naughty ,m>ietta ,negro ,heav5 7,cesana7 ,negro ,rhapsody 7,rub9 ,goldm>k7 ,nell ,gwynn3 ,dances 7,g]man7 ,new ,moon3 ,selections 7,romb]g7 8,! ,night+ale0 7,sullivan71 see ,pati5ce 8,! ,night+ale ,song0 7,zell]71 see 8,wie me9 ,ahn'l zwanzig ,jahr10 ,d] ,vogelha5dl] ,nocturne 7,borod97 ,nocturne 9 ,e-flat 7,*op97 ,nocturne 7,m5delssohn71 see ,a ,midsumm] ,night's ,dream1 ,suite 8,nol10 or 8,cantique de ,nol0 7,adam7 8,none ,b ! ,lonely ,he>t0 7,t*aikovsky7 8,non la sospiri la no/ra casetta0 7,pucc9i71 see ,tosca ,norma3 ,ov]ture1 8,ca/a ,diva0 7,bell9i7 ,nor? ,am]ican ,squ>e ,dances 7,b5jam97 ,norwegian ,dances 7,grieg7 ,norwegian ,rhapsody 7,lalo7 ,nutcrack] ,suite1 or ,casse-noisette 7,t*aikovsky7 8,o beau pays de la ,t\ra9e0 7,mey]be]71 see ,les ,hugu5ots 8,obissons qu& leur voix appelle0 7,mass5et71 see ,manon ,d] ,ob]/eig]3 ,selections 7,zell]7 8,o1 ,columb9a610 ,h>lequ9's ,s]5ade 7,leoncavallo71 ,pagliacci 8,ode to ! ,ev5+ ,/>0 7,wagn]71 see 8,o du1 me9 hold] ,ab5d/]n10 ,tannhaeus] ,( ,!e ,i ,s+ 7,g]%w97 8,oh ,fooli% ,fay0 7,sullivan71 see ,iolan! 8,oh1 ,is ,!re ,n ,"o ,maid5 ,brea/80 7,sullivan71 see ,pirates ( ,p5zance 8,oh a ,private ,buffoon is a ,light-,he>t$ ,loon0 7,sullivan71 see ,yeom5 ( ! ,gu>d 8,oh1 ,leave ,me ,n to ,p9e0 7,sullivan71 see ,pirates ( ,p5zance 8,oh ,my ,"n is ,john ,well+ton ,wells0 7,sullivan71 see ,! ,sorc]] 8,oh1 ,susanna60 7,fo/]7 8,oh1 ,?\ghtless ,crew0 7,sullivan71 see ,yeom5 ( ! ,gu>d 8,oh1 ,:at a ,beautiful ,morn9'0 7,rodg]s71 see ,oklahoma6 ,oklahoma63 ,selections 7,rodg]s7 8,ol' ,black ,joe0 7,fo/]7 8,old ,folks at ,home10 or 8,swanee ,riv]0 7,fo/]7 ,! ,old ,refra9 7,kreisl]7 8,ol' ,man ,riv]0 7,k]n71 see ,%[ ,boat 8,o ,lola ,bianca0 7,mascagni71 see ,cavall]ia ,ru/icana 8,o ,mimi1 tu pi0 7,pucc9i71 see ,la ,bohme ,omphale's ,sp9n+ ,:eel 7,sa9t-,sans71 see ,le ,r\et d',omphale 8,"o ,kiss0 7,romb]g71 see ,! ,new ,moon 8,only a ,rose0 7,friml71 see ,! ,vagabond ,k+ 8,only ,make ,believe0 7,k]n71 see ,%[ ,boat 8,on ! ,day t ,i ,0 ,w$d$0 7,sullivan71 see ,! ,gondoli]s ,on ! ,campus 7,goldman7 ,on ! ,f>m 7,goldman7 ,on ! ,mall 7,goldman7 8,on ! ,road to ,m&alay0 7,speaks7 8,on ! ,/reet ,:]e ,y ,live0 7,loewe71 see ,my ,fair ,lady ,on ! ,trail 7,gr(71 see ,gr& ,canyon ,suite 8,onw>d ,*ri/ian ,soldi]s0 7,sullivan7 8,on ,w+s ( ,song0 7,m5delssohn7 8,o ,patria mia0 7,v]di71 see ,aida 8,o ,p>adiso60 7,mey]be]71 see ,l',africa9e ,! ,organgr9d] 7,moz>t71 see ,g]man ,dances ,ori5tale 7,cui7 ,orphe aux enf]s 7,(f5ba*71 see ,orpheus 9 ! ,und]world ,orpheus 9 ! ,und]world3 ,selections 7,(f5ba*7 8,o ,sancta ju/a0 7,lortz+71 see ,cz> & ,c>p5t] 8,o soave fanciulla0 7,pucc9i71 see ,la ,bohme 8,o t]ra addio0 7,v]di71 see ,aida 8,our ,great ,mikado0 7,sullivan71 see ,! ,mikado 8,out ( ,my ,dreams0 7,rodg]s71 see ,oklahoma6 ,ouv]ture sol5nelle 7,glazunov7 ,ov]ture #ahab 7,t*aikovsky7 8,pace e gioia sia con voi0 7,ross9i71 see ,! ,b>b] ( ,seville ,pagliacci3 ,selections 7,leoncavallo7 8,pa9t$ ,emblems ( a ,race0 7,sullivan71 see ,ruddigore 8,la ,paloma0 7,yradi]7 ,pan-,am]icana 7,h]b]t7 8,a ,p>adox1 a ,mo/ ,+5i\s ,p>adox0 7,sullivan71 see ,pirates ( ,p5zance 8,p>igi1 o c>a0 7,v]di71 see ,la ,traviata ,passacaglia on ,gre5 ,bu%es 7,gra+]7 ,pa/oral ,dance 7,g]man71 see ,h5ry ,,viii ,pati5ce3 ,selections 7,sullivan7 ,les ,pat9eurs 7,waldteufel71 see ,! ,skat]s ,la ,patrie 7,bizet7 ,pavane 7,faur7 ,pavane 7,g]man71 see ,romeo & ,juliet ,pavane 7,g\ld71 see ,am]ican ,symphonette ,no4 #b ,pavane p\r une ,infante dfunte 7,ravel7 ,pe] ,gynt1 ,suites ,nos4 #a & #b 7,grieg7 8,p ,w ,say ,we're 9 ,love0 7,rodg]s71 see ,oklahoma6 ,p]petual ,motion 7,johann ,/rauss ,,ii7 8,pescator1 affond a l'esca0 7,pon*ielli71 see ,la ,gioconda ,die ,pe/h] 7,lann]7 ,pet] & ! ,wolf 7,prok(iev7 ,petite suite 7,debussy7 ,phdre ,ov]ture 7,mass5et7 8,piccolo1 piccolo1 ts91 ts91 ts90 7,/raus71 see ,a ,waltz ,dream ,picturesque ,sc5es 7,mass5et7 ,piemonte 7,s9igaglia7 ,p9a=e3 ,selections 7,sullivan7 ,pique ,dame ,ov]ture 7,supp7 ,pirates ( ,p5zance3 ,selections 7,sullivan7 ,pizzicato ,polka 7,johann ,/rauss ,,ii7 8,plaisir d'am\r0 7,m>t9i7 8,play ,gypsies1 ,dance ,gypsies0 7,klmn71 see ,c\ntess ,m>itza ,pl9k1 ,plank1 ,plunk 7,&]son7 8,plus blan*e que la blan*e h]m9e0 7,mey]be]7 see ,les ,hugu5ots ,poet & ,peasant ,ov]ture 7,supp7 ,poli*9elle 7,kreisl]7 ,polka 7,smetana71 see ,! ,b>t]$ ,bride ,polka & ,fugue1 f ,s*w&a 7,we9b]g]7 ,polonaise1 f ,boris ,godunov 7,mussorgsky7 ,polonaise1 f ,eug5e ,oneg9 7,t*aikovsky7 ,polonaises 7,*op97 ,polonaise brilliante 7,wi5iawski7 ,polovtsian ,dances1 f ,pr9ce ,igor 7,borod97 ,pomp & ,circum/ance 7,elg>7 ,pop ,goes ! ,weasel 7,caillet7 ,porgy & ,bess3 ,selections 7,g]%w97 ,portrait ( a ,fronti] ,t[n 7,gillis7 ,p\pe valsante 7,pold9i7 8,p\r1 ,oh1 ,p\r ! ,pirate ,%]ry0 7,sullivan71 see ,pirates ( ,p5zance ,praeludium 7,jrnefelt7 ,praeludium & ,allegro 7,kreisl]7 ,praise ,be to ,god 7,ba*7 ,la ,prcieuse 7,kreisl]7 ,prelude 9 ,e major 7,ba*7 ,prelude 9 ,a major 7,*op97 ,prelude & ,fugue on ,dixie 7,we9b]g]7 ,prelude & ,waltz 7,add9sell7 ,preludes 7,*op97 ,preludes 7,g]%w97 ,preludes 7,ra*man9(f7 8,pri!e1 ,pretty ,maid50 7,sullivan71 see ,pati5ce 8,prize ,song0 f ,! ,ma/]s+]s 7,wagn]7 ,le ,prophte3 ,coronation ,m>*1 ,prelude to ,act #c 7,mey]be]7 ,pun*9ello 7,h]b]t7 8,a ,puzzlem5t0 7,rodg]s71 see ,! ,k+ & ,i 8,qu&o m'en vo' soletto10 ,musetta's ,waltz 7,pucc9i71 see ,la ,bohme ,qu>tet1 f ,rigoletto 7,v]di71 see 8,bella figlia dell' amore0 ,que5 ( ,spades ,ov]ture 7,supp71 see ,pique ,dame ,ov]ture 8,que/a o quella0 7,v]di71 see ,rigoletto ,radetzky ,m>* 7,johann ,/rauss ,i7 ,railway ,galop 7,lumbye7 ,ra9drop ,etude 7,*op97 ,rakczy ,m>* 7,b]lioz71 see ,! ,damnation ( ,fau/ ,raymond ,ov]ture 7,?omas7 ,raymonda3 ,suite 7,glazunov7 8,recondita armonia0 7,pucc9i71 see ,tosca ,! ,r$ ,mill3 ,selections 7,h]b]t7 ,! ,r$ ,poppy3 ,selections 7,glire7 ,rve angelique 7,rub9/e971 see ,kam5oi-,o/r[ ,rv]ie 7,debussy7 ,revolution>y ,etude 7,*op97 ,rhapsody 9 ,blue 7,g]%w97 ,ri5zi3 ,ov]ture 7,wagn]7 ,rigoletto3 ,selections 7,v]di7 8,rimpianto0 7,toselli71 see 8,s]5ata0 8,ris+ ,e>ly 9 ! ,morn+0 7,sullivan71 see ,gondoli]s 8,ritorna v9citor0 7,v]di71 see ,aida ,ritual ,fire ,dance 7,falla7 ,le ,roi l'a dit3 ,ov]ture 7,delibes7 ,romance 7,drdla7 ,romances 7,bee?ov57 ,romance 9 ,e-flat 7,rub9/e97 ,romance 9 ,f m9or 7,t*aikovsky7 ,romances 7,sibelius7 ,die ,romantik] 7,lann]7 ,romeo & ,juliet3 ,waltz 7,g\nod7 ,rondalla aragonesa 7,granados71 see ,spani% ,dances ,rond9o 7,kreisl]7 8,! ,ros>y0 7,nev97 ,rosamunde3 ,ov]ture1 ,ballet ,music 7,s*ub]t7 ,rose ,m>ie3 ,selections 7,friml7 ,ros5 aus dem ,su$5 7,johann ,/rauss ,,ii71 see ,roses f ! ,s\? 8,roses are 9 ,bloom0 7,bond7 ,roses f ! ,s\? 7,johann ,/rauss ,,ii7 ,le ,r\et d',omphale 7,sa9t-,sans7 ,ruddigore3 ,selections 7,sullivan7 ,rumanian ,rhapsodies1 ,nos4 #a & #b 7,enesco7 ,rumba 7,mc,donald7 ,ruslan & ,ludmilla3 ,ov]ture 7,gl9ka7 ,russian ,ea/] ,ov]ture 7,rimsky-,korsakov7 ,russian ,sailors' ,dance 7,glire71 see ,! ,r$ ,poppy ,ru/le ( ,spr+ 7,s9d+7 ,ru/ic ,dance 7,g]man71 see ,z ,y ,l ,x ,ru/ic ,m>* 7,grieg71 see ,lyric ,suite ,ru/ic ,w$d+ ,symphony 7,k>l ,goldm>k7 ,ruy ,blas ,ov]ture 7,m5delssohn7 ,sab] ,dance 7,khat*aturian71 see ,gayane 8,sab] ,song0 7,romb]g71 see ,des]t ,song 8,sailors' ,*orus0 7,wagn]71 see 8,/eu]mann6 lass die ,wa*t10 ,! ,fly+ ,dut*man ,sakuntala ,ov]ture 7,k>l ,goldm>k7 ,salut d'am\r 7,elg>7 ,samson & ,delilah3 ,selections 7,sa9t-,sans7 8,samt und seide0 f ,d] ,fremd5fuehr] 7,ziehr]7 ,s>ab& 7,&]son7 ,s>i3 ,selections 7,klmn7 ,la ,scala di ,seta3 ,ov]ture 7,ross9i7 ,sc>f ,dance 7,*am9ade7 ,sc5>io 7,k]n7 ,scnes alsaci5nes 7,mass5et71 see ,alsatian ,sc5es ,scnes de ballet 7,glazunov7 ,scnes pittoresques 7,mass5et71 see ,picturesque ,sc5es 8,s*afe ko5n5 si*] weid50 7,ba*71 see ,! ,wise ,virg9s ,s*atz1 ,waltzes 7,johann ,/rauss ,,ii71 see ,gypsy ,b>on 8,s*au mir nur re*t ins ,gesi*t0 7,zell]71 see ,d] ,vogelha5dl] ,s*eh]azade 7,rimsky-,korsakov7 ,s*]zo 7,kreisl]7 ,s*]zo 7,m5delssohn71 see ,a ,midsumm] ,night's ,dream1 ,suite ,die ,s*litt5fahrt 7,moz>t71 see ,g]man ,dances ,die ,s*o5brunn] 7,lann]7 ,die s*o5e ,galatea 7,supp71 see ,! ,beautiful ,gala!a ,s*o5 ,rosm>9 7,kreisl]7 ,s*ool ( ,danc+ 7,boc*]9i-,franaix71 see ,boc*]9i ,scuola di ,ballo 7,boc*]9i-,franaix71 see ,s*ool ( ,danc+1 ,boc*]9i 8,scuoti quella fronda di ciliegio0 7,pucc9i71 see ,madama ,butt]fly ,! ,seasons3 ,suite 7,glazunov7 ,second ,rhapsody 7,g]%w97 ,secrets ( ,suzanne3 ,ov]ture 7,wolf-,f]r>i7 8,segreto0 7,to/i7 8,seguidille0 7,bizet71 see ,c>m5 8,sei gepreiss51 du laus*ige ,na*t0 7,ziehr]71 see ,die ,l&e/rei*] 8,sei ni*t bos1 es kann ni*t se90 7,zell]71 see ,d] ,ob]/eig] ,semiramide3 ,ov]ture 7,ross9i7 ,semp] fideles 7,s\sa7 8,sempre lib]a0 7,v]di71 see ,la ,traviata ,s]5ade 7,drigo7 ,s]5ade 9 ,a 7,drdla7 ,s]5ade 7,romb]g71 see ,blossom ,"t1 ,! ,/ud5t ,pr9ce ,s]5ade 7,s*ub]t71 see ,/a5d*5 ,srnade espagnole 7,*am9ade7 ,s]5ade = ,/r+s 7,t*aikovsky7 ,srnade mlancolique 7,t*aikovsky7 ,s]5ata1 8,rimpianot0 7,toselli7 ,la ,s]5ata 7,to/i7 ,sevillaz 7,albniz7 ,sextet f ,lucia di ,lamm]moor 7,donizetti71 see 8,*i mi fr5a0 8,s'fu]/5 ,geig51 ,lipp5 s*weig50 7,lehr71 see ,! ,m]ry ,wid[ 8,%all ,we ,dance80 7,rodg]s71 see ,! ,k+ & ,i ,%eph]d's ,dance 7,g]man71 see ,h5ry ,,viii ,%eph]d's ,hey 7,gra+]7 ,%eph]d's ,madrigal 7,kreisl]7 8,%eph]d's ,song0 7,(f5ba*71 see ,la ,belle ,hlne 8,%ort'n9' ,bread0 7,wolfe7 ,%[ ,boat3 ,selections 7,k]n7 8,siboney10 or 8,canto ,siboney0 7,lecuona7 ,siciliano 7,ba*7 ,sicili5ne 7,faur7 ,sicili5ne et ,rigaudon 7,kreisl]7 ,side ,/reet 9 ,go?am 7,alt]7 8,sigh+ ,s(tly to ! ,riv]0 7,sullivan71 see ,pirates ( ,p5zance ,si j'etais roi 7,adam71 see ,if ,i ,7 ,k+ 8,silv]$ is ! ,rav5 ,hair0 7,sullivan71 see ,pati5ce 8,si pu0 7,leoncavallo71 see ,pagliacci ,les ,sirnes 7,waldteufel7 8,sir ,rup]t ,murgatroyd0 7,sullivan71 see ,ruddigore ,! ,skat]s 7,waldteufel7 ,slaught] on ,t5? ,av5ue 7,rodg]s7 ,slavonic ,dances 7,dvok7 ,slavonic ,fantasia 7,kreisl]7 ,sleigh ,bells 7,&]son7 ,! ,sleighride 7,moz>t71 see ,g]man ,dances 8,s el5d und treu0 7,johann ,/rauss ,,ii71 see ,gypsy ,b>on 8,s(tly z 9 a ,morn+ ,sunrise0 7,romb]g71 see ,! ,new ,moon ,soires de ,vi5ne 7,s*ub]t-,liszt71 see ,s*ub]t ,soires musicales 7,ross9i-,britt571 see ,ross9i 8,s 9 ,love0 7,port]71 see ,kiss ,me ,kate 8,soldi]s' ,*orus0 7,g\nod71 see ,fau/ 8,soldi]s' ,*orus0 7,v]di71 see 8,squilli1 e*eggi la tromba gu]ri]a10 ,il ,trovatore ,solitude 7,t*aikovsky7 8,solveig's ,song0 7,grieg71 see ,pe] ,gynt1 ,suite ,no4 #b 8,"s ,en*ant$ ,ev5+0 7,rodg]s71 see ,s\? ,pacific ,song ( ,india 7,rimsky-,korsakov71 see ,h9du ,*ant 8,song ( ,love0 7,romb]g71 see ,blossom ,"t ,song ( ,norway 7,wright & ,=re/71 see ,grieg 8,song ( ! ,vagabond0 7,friml71 see ,! ,vagabond ,k+ ,song ,)\t ,words1 ,*anson sans p>oles 7,t*aikovsky7 8,songs ,my ,"m ,taught ,me0 7,dvok7 8,son/ spielt i* mit ,zept]0 7,lortz+71 see ,cz> & ,c>p5t] 8,soon z ,we ,may0 7,sullivan71 see ,iolan! ,sophie 7,lumbye7 8,sorry ,h] ,lot0 7,sullivan71 see ,p9a=e ,s\? ,pacific3 ,selections 7,rodg]s7 ,s\!rn ,nights 7,guion7 ,s\v5ir 7,drdla7 ,s\v5irs ( ,mosc[ 7,wi5iawski7 ,spani% ,caprice 7,rimsky-,korsakov7 ,spani% ,dance ,no4 #a 7,falla7 ,spani% ,dances 7,granados7 ,spani% ,dances 7,moszk[ski7 ,spani% ,dances 7,s>asate7 ,spha]5kla5ge 7,josef ,/rauss7 ,sp9n+ ,song 7,m5delssohn7 ,spr+ ,song 7,m5delssohn7 8,squilli1 e*eggi la tromba gu]ri]a10 or 8,soldi]s' ,*orus0 7,v]di71 see ,il ,trovatore 8,/a5d*50 7,s*ub]t7 ,/>s & ,/ripes ,=ev] 7,s\sa7 ,/eph5 ,fo/] ,suite 7,dub5sky7 8,/eu]mann6 lass die ,wa*t0 7,wagn]71 see ,! ,fly+ ,dut*man 8,/\t-,he>t$ ,m50 7,romb]g71 see ,! ,new ,moon 8,/range ,adv5ture0 7,sullivan71 see ,yeom5 ( ! ,gu>d 8,/range ,music0 7,wright & ,=re/71 see ,song ( ,norway1 ,grieg 8,/ride la vampa0 7,v]di71 see ,il ,trovatore 8,/ridono lassu10 8,bird ,song0 7,leoncavallo71 see ,pagliacci 8,/rike ,up ! ,b&0 7,g]%w97 ,/ud5t ,pr9ce3 ,selections 7,romb]g7 ,/uff 9 ,g 7,mc,bride7 8,suicidio60 7,pon*ielli71 see ,la ,gioconda ,suite algri5ne 7,sa9t-,sans7 ,suite = ,or*e/ra1 ,nos4 #a & #c 7,t*aikovsky7 ,suite ( ,s]5ades 7,h]b]t7 ,suite pa/orale 7,*abri]7 ,suite romantique 7,h]b]t7 8,summ und brumm0 7,wagn]71 see ,! ,fly+ ,dut*man ,summ] ,day 7,prok(iev7 8,summ]time0 7,g]%w971 see ,porgy & ,bess 8,! ,sun ,^: ,rays0 7,sullivan71 see ,! ,mikado 8,! ,surrey ,) ! ,fr+e on ,top0 7,rodg]s71 see ,oklahoma6 ,swall[s f ,au/ria 7,josef ,/rauss71 see ,dorfs*walb5 aus ,oe/]rei* ,! ,swan 7,sa9t-,sans7 8,swanee ,riv]10 or 8,old ,folks at ,home0 7,fo/]7 ,sw+ ,sextet 7,cesana7 ,sw+ ,/uff 7,mc,bride7 ,les ,sylphides 7,*op9-,ros5?al71 see ,*op9 ,sylvia3 ,suite 7,delibes7 8,sylvia0 7,speaks7 8,sympa?y0 7,friml71 see ,! ,firefly 8,sympa?y0 7,/raus71 see ,! ,*ocolate ,soldi] ,symphonic ,picture 7,g]%w9-,b5nett71 see ,porgy & ,bess1 ,g]%w9 ,symphony 9 ,d1 8,dodg]s0 7,b5nett7 ,symphony ,no4 #e 7,gillis7 ,syncopat$ ,clock 7,&]son7 8,tacea la notte placide0 7,v]di71 see ,il ,trovatore 8,take a ,pair ( ,sp>kl+ ,eyes0 7,sullivan71 see ,gondoli]s ,tales f ! ,vi5na ,woods 7,johann ,/rauss ,,ii7 ,tales ( ,h(fmann3 ,b>c>olle1 ,m9uet1 & ,waltz 7,(f5ba*7 ,tamb\r9 ,*9ois 7,kreisl]7 ,tango 9 ,d major 7,albniz7 ,tannhaeus]3 ,ov]ture1 ,selections 7,wagn]7 ,tannhaeus]'s ,pilgrimage 7,wagn]71 see ,prelude to ,act #c1 ,tannhaeus] ,te ,deum 7,pucc9i71 see ,tosca 8,tell ,me ,daisy0 7,romb]g71 see ,blossom ,"t ,tempo di m9uetto 7,kreisl]7 ,?as3 ,m$itations 7,mass5et7 8,!n ,y'll ,rememb] ,me0 7,balfe71 see ,! ,bohemian ,girl 8,!re ,grew a ,little ,fl[]0 7,sullivan71 see ,ruddigore 8,!re ,is ,no?+ ,l a ,dame0 7,rodg]s71 see ,s\? ,pacific 8,!re's a ,boat ,t's ,leav9' ,soon = ,new ,york0 7,g]%w971 see ,porgy & ,bess 8,!re ,0 a ,"t0 7,sullivan71 see ,gondoli]s 8,?9e ,alone0 7,h]b]t7 8,?9e ,is ,my ,he>t ,alone0 7,lehr71 see ,! ,l& ( ,smiles 8,?is is a ,real ,nice ,clambake0 7,rodg]s71 see ,c>\sel 8,?\ ! ,tree1 & ,i ! ,fl[]0 7,sullivan71 see ,iolan! ,! ,?ree ,be>s 7,coates7 ,! ,?ree ,elizabe?s 7,coates7 8,?ree ,little ,maids0 7,sullivan71 see ,! ,mikado ,! ,?ree-,p5ny ,op]a3 ,selections 7,weill7 ,! ,?und]] 7,s\sa7 ,! ,?und]/orm 7,moz>t71 see ,c\ntry ,dances 8,?is ,ne>ly ,0 ,m9e0 7,rodg]s71 see ,c>\sel 8,"t ,0 ,:5 ,love & ,i ,7 ,acqua9t$0 7,sullivan71 see ,sorc]] 8,tit ,will[0 7,sullivan71 see ,! ,mikado ,to a ,wat] ,lily 7,mac,dowell7 ,to a ,wild ,rose 7,mac,dowell7 8,d] ,tod und das ,ma$*50 7,s*ub]t7 ,tor* ,dance ,no4 #a 7,mey]be]7 ,t\j\rs ou jamais 7,waldteufel7 8,traeume0 7,wagn]7 8,traft ihr ,das ,s*iff0 7,wagn]71 see ,! ,fly+ ,dut*man 8,trauet nie dem ,bloss5 s*e90 7,zell]71 see ,d] ,ob]/eig] ,la ,traviata3 ,prelude to ,acts #a & #c1 ,selections 7,v]di7 ,trepak 7,t*aikovsky71 see ,nutcrack] ,suite 8,! ,tr\t0 7,s*ub]t71 see 8,die ,=elle0 ,triumphant ,entry ( ! ,boy>s 7,halvors57 ,troka1 or ,troka en ,traneaux 7,t*aikovsky71 see ,! ,mon?s ,il ,trovatore3 ,selections 7,v]di7 ,! ,trumpet]'s ,holiday 7,&]son7 8,! ,two ,gr5adi]s0 7,s*umann71 see 8,die beid5 ,gr5adi]e0 ,?r\gh ! ,look+ ,glass 7,taylor7 8,treuli* gefu]t0 7,wagn]71 see ,loh5gr9 ,tubby ! ,tuba 7,kle9s+]7 ,turkey 9 ! ,/raw 7,guion7 ,turki% ,m>* 7,bee?ov57 ,turki% ,m>* 7,moz>t7 8,tu1 tu piccolo idio0 7,pucc9i71 see ,madama ,butt]fly 8,tw5ty ,lovesick ,maid5s ,we0 7,sullivan71 see ,pati5ce ,two ,elegiac ,melodies 7,grieg7 8,two ,he>ts 9 ,?ree-,qu>t]s ,"t0 7,/olz7 ,two ,nor!rn ,melodies 7,grieg7 ,! ,typewrit] 7,&]son7 8,un bel di0 7,pucc9i71 see ,madama ,butt]fly 8,una furtiva lagrima0 7,donizetti71 see ,l',elisir d'amore 8,una voce poco fa0 7,ross9i71 see ,! ,b>b] ( ,seville 8,un n5n' me9 ,lieb' di*0 7,lehr71 see ,gypsy ,love ,! ,vagabond ,k+3 ,selections 7,friml7 ,valse bluette 7,drigo7 ,valse de conc]t1 ,nos4 #a & #b 7,glazunov7 ,valse de la p\pe 7,delibes71 see ,copplia ,valse mlancolique 7,t*aikovsky71 see ,suite = ,or*e/ra1 ,no4 #c ,valses nobles 7,s*ub]t7 ,valses s5tim5tales 7,s*ub]t7 ,valse tri/e 7,sibelius7 ,valsette 7,bor[ski7 ,v>iations on ,i ,got ,rhy?m 7,g]%w97 ,v>iations on ,kommt e9 ,vogel 7,o*s7 ,v>iations on a ,!me by ,j]ome ,k]n 7,k]n-,b5nett71 see ,k]n 8,v$i6 le fos*e0 or 8,anvil ,*orus0 7,v]di71 see ,il ,trovatore ,i ,vespri siciliani1 or ,les ,vpres sicili5nes3 ,ov]ture 7,v]di7 8,ve/i la giubba0 7,leoncavallo71 see ,pagliacci ,victory at ,sea 7,rodg]s7 8,vi5e la s]a0 7,pucc9i71 see ,madama ,butt]fly 8,vi5i amor mio0 7,v]di71 see ,aida ,vi5na ,blood 7,johann ,/rauss ,,ii7 8,vilia0 7,lehr71 see ,! ,m]ry ,wid[ ,violetta 7,waldteufel7 8,vissi d'arte0 7,pucc9i71 see ,tosca ,vltava 7,smetana71 see ,! ,moldau ,vocalise 7,ra*man9(f7 ,d] ,vogelha5dl]3 ,selections 7,zell]7 ,voices ( ,spr+ 7,johann ,/rauss ,,ii7 8,voi lo sapete0 7,mascagni71 see ,cavall]ia ,ru/icana 8,vorrei morire0 7,to/i7 ,walpurgis ,night1 ,ballet ,music 7,g\nod71 see ,fau/ ,waltz 9 ,a-flat 7,brahms7 ,waltz 9 ,c-%>p m9or 7,*op97 ,waltz 7,gl9ka71 see ,a ,life = ! ,ts> ,waltz 7,(f5ba*71 see ,tales ( ,h(fmann ,waltz1 f ,eug5e ,oneg9 7,t*aikovsky7 ,waltz1 f ,s]5ade = ,/r+s 7,t*aikovsky7 ,waltz1 f ,sleep+ ,beauty 7,t*aikovsky7 ,waltz1 f ,swan ,lake 7,t*aikovsky7 ,waltzes 7,*op97 ,waltzes 7,s*ub]t7 ,waltz ( ! ,fl[]s1 f ,loreley 7,catalani7 ,waltz ( ! ,fl[]s 7,t*aikovsky71 see ,nutcrack] ,suite ,a ,waltz ,dream3 ,selections 7,/raus7 8,waltz ,huguette0 7,friml71 see ,! ,vagabond ,k+ ,e9 ,walz]traum 7,/raus71 see ,a ,waltz ,dream ,! ,waltz+ ,cat 7,&]son7 8,want+ ,y0 7,romb]g71 see ,! ,new ,moon 8,a ,w&]+ ,m9/rel ,i0 7,sullivan71 see ,! ,mikado ,w> ,m>* ( ! ,prie/s 7,m5delssohn7 ,w>saw ,conc]to 7,add9sell7 ,wa%+ton ,po/ 7,s\sa7 ,wat] ,music 7,h&el7 ,wat] ,sc5es 7,nev97 ,waves ( ! ,balaton 7,hubay71 see ,hung>ian ,cz>das ,sc5es ,waves ( ! ,danube 7,ivanovici7 ,w$d+ ,m>* 7,m5delssohn71 see ,a ,midsumm] ,night's ,dream1 ,suite ,w$d+ ,m>* 7,wagn]71 see ,loh5gr9 ,we91 ,weib1 ,gesang 7,johann ,/rauss ,,ii71 see ,w9e1 ,wom51 & ,song 8,im weiss5 ,roessl0 7,b5atzky71 see ,! ,:ite ,horse ,inn 8,we ,kiss 9 ! ,%ad[0 7,rodg]s71 see ,! ,k+ & ,i ,wel% ,rhapsody 7,g]man7 ,die ,w]b] 7,lann]7 8,we're ,call$ ,gondoli]i0 7,sullivan71 see ,! ,gondoli]s 8,7 ,i ,?y ,bride0 7,sullivan71 see ,yeom5 ( ! ,gu>d 8,7 ,?9e ,t ,special ,face0 7,port]71 see ,kiss ,me ,kate 8,7 ,y ,n to ,ko-,ko ,plight$0 7,sullivan71 see ,! ,mikado 8,we ,sail ! ,ocean ,blue0 7,sullivan71 see ,p9a=e 8,:at ,god ,ha? ,done ,is ,rightly ,done0 7,ba*71 see ,! ,wise ,virg9s 8,:5 a ,felon's ,n ,engag$ 9 8 ,employm5t0 7,sullivan71 see ,pirates ( ,p5zance 8,:5 ,all ,night ,long a ,*ap ,rema9s0 7,sullivan71 see ,iolan! 8,:5 a ,maid5 ,loves0 7,sullivan71 see ,yeom5 ( ! ,gu>d 8,:5 a ,m]ry ,maid5 ,m>ries0 7,sullivan71 see ,! ,gondoli]s 8,:5 a ,woo] ,goes a-,woo+0 7,sullivan71 see ,yeom5 ( ! ,gu>d 8,:5 ,brita9 ,really ,rul$ ! ,waves0 7,sullivan71 see ,iolan! 8,:5 ,i ,g ,out ( ,doors0 7,sullivan71 see ,pati5ce 8,:5 ,i ,0 a ,lad0 7,sullivan71 see ,p9a=e 8,:5 ,i ,w5t to ! ,b>0 7,sullivan71 see ,iolan! 8,:5 ,johnny ,comes ,m>*+ ,home0 7,g\ld71 see ,! ,am]ican ,salute 8,:5 ! ,foeman ,b>es ,8 ,/eel0 7,sullivan71 see ,pirates ( ,p5zance 8,:5 ! ,night ,w9d ,h[ls0 7,sullivan71 see ,ruddigore 8,:]e ! ,buds are ,blossom+0 7,sullivan71 see ,ruddigore ,! ,:ite ,horse ,inn3 ,selections 7,/olz7 8,wieg5li$0 7,brahms71 see 8,cradle ,song0 8,wie me9 ,ahn'l zwanzig ,jahr10 ! 8,night+ale ,song0 7,zell]71 see ,d] ,vogelha5dl] ,wi5] ,bu]g] 7,ziehr]7 ,wi5] ,ma$*5 7,ziehr]7 ,wild ,horsem5 7,s*umann7 ,william ,tell3 ,ov]ture 7,ross9i7 ,w9e1 ,wom5 & ,song 7,johann ,/rauss ,,ii7 8,w9t]gre5 = ,presid5t0 7,g]%w971 see ,( ,!e ,i ,s+ ,! ,wise ,virg9s 7,ba*-,walton71 see ,ba* 8,) a ,little ,bit ( ,luck0 7,loewe71 see ,my ,fair ,lady 8,a ,woman is a ,sometime ,?+0 7,g]%w971 see ,porgy & ,bess ,woodl& ,dance 7,g]man71 see ,z ,y ,l ,x ,woodl& ,fancies 7,h]b]t7 8,wund]b>0 7,port]71 see ,kiss ,me ,kate 8,:y ,d ,i ,love ,y80 7,k]n71 see ,%[ ,boat ,yankee ,doodle ,w5t to ,t[n 7,g\ld7 ,yeom5 ( ! ,gu>d3 ,selections 7,sullivan7 8,y'll ,nev] ,walk ,alone0 7,rodg]s71 see ,c>\sel 8,y\ng] ?an ,spr+time0 7,rodg]s71 see ,s\? ,pacific ,y\?ful ,suite 7,gra+]7 ,zampa3 ,ov]ture 7,hrold7 ,zapatadeo 7,s>asate7 ,z> und ,zimm]mann 7,lortz+71 see ,cz> & ,c>p5t] 8,zigeu5]0 7,c[>d71 see ,bitt] ,sweet ,zigeun]b>on 7,johann ,/rauss ,,ii71 see ,gypsy ,b>on ,zigeu5]liebe 7,lehr71 see ,gypsy ,love ,die ,zirkuspr9zess9 7,klmn71 see ,! ,circus ,pr9cess 8,zitti1 ,zitti1 piano1 piano0 7,ross9i71 see ,! ,b>b] ( ,seville 8,zorike1 kehre zurueck0 7,lehr71 see ,gypsy ,love 8,zuhaelt]ballade0 7,weill71 see 8,! ,bully's ,ballad10 ,! ,?ree-,p5ny ,op]a 8,zwei ,h]z5 9 drei-vi]tel ,takt0 7,/olz71 see ,two ,he>ts 9 ,?ree-,qu>t] ,"t ,ew5's ,,light] ,,classics ,,9 ,,music by ,,david ,,ew5 ,9 "o brilliant volume1 ,david ,ew5 (f]s a classic 9 musical lit]ature4 ,"h are ! treasur$ semi-classical works ( two cont95ts--endur+1 always alive--analyz$ by a fam$ au?ority1 acclaim$ z 8music's int]pret] to ! ,am]ican p40 ,a mu/ = ! music lov] ,,! ,,light] ,,classics ,,9 ,,music is ! fir/ ref]5ce book ( its k9d 9 any language4 ,"h is ! music ( ,victor ,h]b]t1 ,eric ,coates1 ,jacques ,(f5ba*1 ,johann ,/rauss & ,franz ,lehr4 ,?is is ! music ( ! salon1 caf-h\se1 pop conc]t1 & op]etta !atre4 ,,! ,,light] ,,classics ,,9 ,,music is also ! /ory ( ! spontaneity & creative inv5tion ( popul> contempor>y compos]s2 ,duke ,ell+ton 78,black1 ,br[n1 & ,beige071 ,morton ,g\ld 78,yankee ,doodle ,w5t ,to ,t[n071 ,george ,g]%w94 ,^! favorites are univ]sally lov$2 _! long life-span is assur$4 ,!re is /ill a ?ird /ory--a /ory ( ! g5ius ( classical ma/]s :o h produc$ works ^: popul> int]e/ & subtle fre%ness compels an imm$iate emotional impact4 ,bee?ov51 ,moz>t1 ,haydn1 ,brahms1 ,*op91 ,s*ub]t--all h br\ght =? wond]l&s ( s\nd to delight ! s5ses4 ,! au?or ne$s no introduction to music afficionados4 ,,music ,,= ,,millions w5t ?r\gh six pr9t+s 9 z _m ye>s4 ,a revis$1 up-dat$ edition1 ,,ew5',s ,,musical ,,ma/]works1 0 soon dem&$ & br\ght ab\t4 ,on ! :imsical side1 illu/rator ,a4 ,birnbaum & ,mr4 ,ew5 put _! heads toge!r & came up ) ,,li/5 ,,to ,,! ,,mock+ ,,words1 a m$ley ( anecdotes ab\t music & musicians4 ,n[ ,mr4 ,ew5 turns a brilliant musical lit]acy & easy1 non-pomp\s /yle exclusively to ! light] classics4 ,"h are ! lives ( #ahg compos]s2 ov] #ajjj p]ceptive analyses ( musical ma/]pieces 9 ! light] /yle prefac$ by biographical sket*es4 ,an easy-to-use alphabetical li/+ ( ! light] classics makes x easy to get ! specific in=mation y ne$4 ,,! ,,light] ,,classics ,,9 ,,music is an endur+ book to be *]i%$ by ! conc]tgo]1 record collector1 musician1 in/ructor1 hi/orian--all music lov]s :o "k ! univ]sal s\nds ( music 9 ! light] /yle4 ,transcrib]'s ,notes --,sil5tly correct$ a few typos2 did n mod]nize spell+4 --,reta9$ publication in=mation f ! pr9t$ edition3 ?is e,book is public-doma9 9 ! c\ntry ( publication4 --,9 ! text v]sions only1 text 9 italics is delimit$ by und]scores4