,transcrib] ,note3 ,text emphasis d5ot$ z ,italics4 ,illu/ration3 ,frontispiece ,a ,,monograph ,,( ,,! ,,trilobites ,,( ,,nor? ,,am]ica3 ,,) ,col\r$ ,models ( ! ,species4 ,multa r5ac5tur qu jam cecid]e4--,hor4 ,,by ,,jacob ,,gre51 ,m4 ,d4 ,pr(essor ( ,*emi/ry 9 ,jeff]son ,m$ical ,college4 ---- ,,philadelphia3 ,publi%$ by ,joseph ,brano1 ,no4 #ab1 ,ca/le ,/reet4 ,cl>k ,ras]1 ,pr9t]s4 #ahcb4 ,ent]$ accord+ to ! ,act ( ,congress1 9 ! ye> #ahcb1 by ,joseph ,brano1 9 ! ,cl]k's ,(fice ( ! ,di/rict ,c\rt ( ! ,ea/]n ,di/rict ( ,p5nsylvania4 ,to ,,john ,,george ,,*ildr51 ,esquire1 ,f4 ,r4 ,s4 ,l4 ,e4 ,! k9dness :i* a travell] receives :5 9 a di/ant l&1 mu/ ev] be among 8 mo/ pleas+ recollections y\r att5tions !re=e to me1 dur+ any %ort resid5ce 9 ,london a few ye>s s9ce1 _c easily be =gott54 ,suff] me1 !n1 to inscribe ?is little "w to y z a tok5 ( my gratitude4 ,our pursuits 9 ! ,natural & ,physical ,sci5ces h be5 cong5ial4 ,y\r int]e/+ rese>*es ) y\r orig9al & magnific5t ,galvanic ,batt]y1 fir/ drew my att5tion to ! calorific effects ( t my/]i\s ag5t2 & y\r works on ,natural ,hi/ory h /imulat$ my ex]tions 9 ! same fasc9at+ pursuit4 ,a l>ge portion ( y\r "t & =tune h be5 devot$ to ! patronage or ! cultivation ( ,natural ,sci5ce s t ! d$ication ( ?is "w to y1 if x 7 inf9itely m wor?y ( y\r acceptance1 w\ld be due f me1 bo? z a tribute ( high respect1 z well z ( grateful ackn[l$gm5t4 ,philadelphia1 ,octob] #a/1 #ahcb4 ,,explanation ,,( ,,! ,,plate4 ,figure #a4 ,trim]us ,delph9ocephalus4 #b4 ,calym5e ,diops4 #c4 ,asaphus ,micrurus4 #d4 ,cryptoli?us ,tessellatus4 #e4 ,p>adoxides ,boltoni4 #f4 ,tri>?rus ,beckii4 #g4 ,isotelus ,cyclops4 #h4 ,dipleura ,dekayi4 #i4 ,head ( ,d4 ,dekayi4 #aj4 ,c]aurus ,pleurexan!mus4 ,! above figures repres5t$ on ! ,frontispiece to ?is volume1 7 fir/ publi%$ 9 ! ,mon?ly ,j\rnal ( ,geology1 c4 = ,june1 #ahcb1 & ,i am indebt$ to ,c4 ,a4 ,p\lson1 ,esq41 = ! use ( !m 9 ?is ,monograph4 ,,introduction4 ---------- ,"s geologi/s imag9e t ! ord] ( creation is regi/]$ 9 ! rocks :i* compose ! ext]nal cru/ ( ! e>?1 & t !y c !re cle>ly read a progressive developm5t ( organic life2 9 o!r words1 t a succession ( m p]fect animals may be trac$ 9 asc5d+ f ! l[] /rata to ! upp] or m rec5t =mations2 t !re is a gradual approa* to ! pres5t sy/em ( ?+s1 & a succession ( de/ructions & creations2 worlds ( liv+ be+s alt]nat+ ) worlds ( desolation & dea?1 antec$5t to ! exi/5ce ( man4 ,o!rs1 aga91 cont5d t !re is (t5 a wide & palpable discrepancy betwe5 ! nature ( ! rock1 & ! fossils :i* x conta9s1 &1 !re=e1 t su* inquiries af=d no clue1 :atev]1 to ! ord] ( creation4#a ,we propose n to ent] ! field ( controv]sy4 ,fossils are und\bt$ly hi/oric m$allions ( remote p]iods 9 ! natural hi/ory ( our e>?1 & our design is1 m]ely to illu/rate ) !m a neglect$ dep>tm5t ( anci5t zoology1 by describ+ a few :i* h rec5tly fall5 "u our own obs]vation4 ,footnote #a3 ,no?+ c be m oppos$ to true sci5ce1 ?an to pron\nce on ! priority ( =mation1 or ! comp>ative age ( rocks1 f ei!r _! /ructure1 or ! organic rema9s !y pres5t4 ,m4 ,alex&re ,brongni>t ?us prop\nds 8 op9ion3 ,9 ^? cases :]e *>act]s d]iv$ f ! nature ( ! rocks are oppos$ to ^? :i* we d]ive f organic rema9s1 ,i %\ld give ! prepond]ance to ! latt]4 ,?is seems to u to imply an admission1 t no?+ def9ite c be inf]r$ f ! nature ( ! rocks2 moreov]1 t betwe5 ! nature ( ! rock1 & ! organic rema9s1 !re may be a palpable discrepancy2 & t ^! may be ev5 at complete antipodes ) ea* o!r4 ,! ev5t has prov$1 f :at we h already m5tion$1 t no evid5ce z to priority c be obta9$ f ! nature ( ! fossil rema9s display$ 9 p>ticul> /rata4 ,9 addition to :at has be5 said on ?is subject1 we may fur!r /ate1 t encr9ites1 entro*ites1 & p5tacr9ites are f\nd 9 clay slate1 grauwacke1 transition lime/one1 alp9e lime/one1 lias1 mus*elkalk1 & *alk4 ,x may be reasonably ask$ h[ ^! ?ree species ( fossils c\ld indicate any p>ticul> =mation1 :5 !y are f\nd 9 s _m types & /ructures ( rocks altoge!r diff]5t8 ,if !y w\ld g to prove any ?+ at all1 x w\ld be t ( a contemporane\s =mation2 b c]ta9ly n di/9ct epo*as4 ,see ,eclectic ,review1 ,july1 #ahcb4 ,9 "s v>ieties ( rocks !re is (t5 f\nd ! fossil rema9s ( an animal :i* be>s "s resemblance to c]ta9 species ( ! crab4 ,! back ( ?is organic relic is commonly divid$ by two deep grooves or furr[s1 into ?ree longitud9al lobes1 & f ?is circum/ance1 ! t]m ,trilobite has be5 appli$ z a family "n to di/+ui% ?is :ole race ( be+s4 ,?is g5]al appellation1 h[ev]1 ?\gh 9 mo/ ( ! species1 highly appropriate1 is by no means applicable to all4 ,! individuals :i* compose ! family ( ! trilobites resemble ea* o!r 9 _m important p>ticul>s1 & =m toge!r an exce$+ly natural gr\p4 ,! body1 ) b few exceptions1 is divid$ transv]sely into ?ree p>ts4 ,! ant]ior portion or head (t5 resembles ! buckl] ( ! horse foot or k+ crab 7limulus polyphemus71 s common on our sea coa/4 ,! middle portion is ! abdom51 & is always sep>at$ transv]sely into a numb] ( segm5ts or articulations1 g5]ally dim9i%+ 9 bread? z !y rec$e f ! head4 ,! po/]ior end is ! tail1 :i*1 ?\gh 9 "s species1 a m]e prolongation ( ! abdom51 t c sc>cely be di/+ui%$ f x1 yet 9 o!rs x assumes a g5u9e caudal app5dage4 ,! head ( ! trilobite is also g5]ally divid$ into ?ree p>ts3 ! middle is call$ ! front1 or =ehead2 & ! lat]al portions ! *eeks4 ,9 mo/ cases1 a project+ tub]cle1 or knob1 is obs]vable on ! ant]ior surface ( ea* *eek1 :i* has mu* ! appe>ance ( an eye4 ,its reticulat$ /ructure is 9 _m in/ances s analog\s to t ( ! eyes ( "s cru/ace\s animals1 & also ( "s species ( insects1 t !re c be b little d\bt t ^! tub]cul> projections1 7 true organs ( vision4 ,"s ( ! g5]a :i* belong to ?is rem>kable race ( fossil animals1 possess$ ! p[] ( roll+ or coil+ !mselves up into a k9d ( ball1 l c]ta9 species ( insects1 or l ! armadillo2 & !y are always f\nd emb$d$ 9 ! rocks 9 ?is attitude4 ,su* are ! g5]al *>act]s by :i* ^! petrifactions may be kn[n1 & !y w be f\nd illu/rat$ 9 a mann] m or less /rik+1 9 mo/ ( ! species4 ,! exceptions1 :i* r>ely occur1 w be di/9ctly m>k$1 :5 ! species are describ$4 ,! sup]ior cov]+1 or upp] %ell ( ! trilobite is ! only "p ( ! animal1 conc]n+ :i* we h any satisfactory k4 ,x is conjectur$ t x 0 furni%$ ) articulat$ feet1 b no traces ( any organs ( progressive motion h hi!rto be5 fairly discov]$4#b ,h5ce1 x may be reasonably suppos$1 t ! /ructure ( ! l[] portions ( ! animal 7 s s(t & delicate1 z to r5d] !m incapable ( su/a9+ ! process ( m9]alization1 :i* ! h>d cru/ace\s cov]+ ( ! back s successfully und]goes4 ,footnote #b3 ,mr4 ,p>k9son /ates1 t 9 a trilobite :i* he possess$ he ?\ght he p]ceiv$ ! po9ts ( ! feet2 b on endeav\r+ to deta* ! piece ( rock 9 :i* x 0 emb$d$1 ! specim5 0 entirely %iv]$1 ?\gh he work$ at x ) ! utmo/ c>e4 ,a portion ( ! und]side ( a trilobite 7,isotelus gigas7 ne> ! ant]ior edge ( ! head1 0 di/9ctly asc]ta9$1 by ,dr4 ,dekay1 b only en\gh to conv9ce him ( its analogy 9 ?is "p ) t ( ! limulus polyphemus no organs ( locomotion c\ld be se54 ,mr4 ,/okes1 ! di/+ui%$ fossili/ ( ,london1 has confirm$ ! obs]vation ( ,dr4 ,dekay1 by "s dissections ( 8 own4 ,t ^! petrifactions 7 once m>9e animals !re c be little d\bt1 = !y are always f\nd associat$ 9 ! same rocks ) %ells1 & o!r productions peculi> to ! sea4 ,! ,trilobite is suppos$ by _m naturali/s to be "o ( ! fir/ animat$ be+s ( our e>? call$ into exi/5ce by ! great ,au?or ( nature4#c ,x 0 fir/ notic$ m ?an two c5turies ago1 among ! petrifactions :i* ab\nd 9 a calc>e\s rock1 at ,dudley1 9 ,engl&1 & 0 f ?is circum/ance1 call$ = a long "t1 ! ,dudley fossil4 ,l9n gave x ! "n ( ! ,p>adoxical insect2 b :e!r an insect1 a cru/ace\s animal1 or a %ell1 is /ill consid]$ by _m z problematical4 ,footnote #c3 ,x is obvi\s1 t if mo/ ( ! gelat9\s animals :i* n[ inhabit our seas1 7 to become ext9ct1 few or no traces ( !m c\ld be f\nd 9 any succe$+ depositions ( e>?y matt]4 ,:atev] k9d ( animal life1 !re=e1 may h be5 ! fir/ :i* appe>$ 9 our planet1 mu/ be entirely hypo!tical4 ,all t we c ) c]ta9ty say ( x1 is1 t x 0 be/ adapt$ to ! circum/ances1 9 :i* x 0 to exi/1 & t x 0 consi/5t ) ! wisdom & design :i* we see e :]e p]vad+ ! univ]se4 ,not)/&+ ! high antiquity ( ! family ( ! ,trilobites1 & ! rem>kable *>act]s ! diff]5t individuals :i* compose x1 su/a9 9 ! animal k+dom2 till )9 a v few ye>s1 ! :ole race has be5 almo/ entirely neglect$ by naturali/s4 ,! fir/ attempt at any sy/ematic arrangem5t ( ! g5]a & species1 0 made 9 #ahae1 by ,alex&] ,brongni>t1 ,pr(essor ( ,m9]alogy1 c4 c41 9 ,p>is4#d ,until t p]iod1 ! t]m ,entomoli?us ,p>adoxus1 propos$ by ,l9n1 0 appli$ to all ! fossil rema9s1 :i* 9 _! g5]al appe>ance bore any resemblance to t f\nd at ,dudley1 & :i* he fir/ describ$ "u t "n4 ,! confusion1 !re=e1 :i* exi/$ 9 ?is dep>tm5t ( natural sci5ce1 may readily be imag9$2 especially1 z ! species rapidly multipli$1 :5 !y 7 suppos$ to ?r[ "s rays ( light on c]ta9 obscure geological ph5om5a4 ,soon aft] ! appe>ance ( ,pr(essor ,brongni>t's excell5t "w1 ! att5tion ( o!r naturali/s 0 direct$ to ?is neglect$ "p ( creation4 ,! mo/ important memoir1 on acc\nt ( ! numb] ( species1 well figur$ & describ$ 9 x1 is "o by ,dr4 ,e4 ,w4 ,dalmann1 publi%$ 9 ! ,transactions ( ! ,sw$i% ,academy1 = #ahbf4 ,!re is also 9 ! ,acts ( ! ,royal ,society1 at ,upsal1 an excell5t pap] on ?is subject by ,pr(essor ,wahl5b]g4 ,our highly e/eem$ fri5d1 ,dr4 ,james ,e4 ,dekay1 has also giv5 9 ! fir/ volume ( ! ,annals ( ! ,lyceum ( ,natural ,hi/ory ( ,new ,york1 "s v int]e/+ & +5i\s obs]vations on ! nature & ! /ructure ( ! ,trilobites1 ) a description ( a new g5us4 ,^! are ! pr9cipal au?orities :i* h be5 consult$ 9 arrang+ ! pres5t "w4 ,footnote #d3 ,i _c let ?is opportunity pass1 )\t ackn[l$g+ my obligations to ,pr(essor ,brongni>t1 = 8 civilities1 :5 on a late visit to ,p>is4 ,e "o ^: curiosity leads him to exam9e ! royal manufactory ( porcela91 at ,sevres1 ( :i* he is ! director1 w no d\bt ackn[l$ge t 8 tal5ts z a philosoph]1 are rivall$ by 8 accompli%m5ts z a g5tleman4 ,our object 9 ! pres5t und]tak+ be+ m]ely to give a monograph ( ! species ( ,trilobites f\nd 9 ! rocks ( ,nor? ,am]ica2 we leave to o!r & abl] h&s ! m difficult & int]e/+ task ( det]m9+ ) precision ! connexion :i* may exi/ betwe5 ^! organic reliques1 & ! relative ages ( ! /rata 9 :i* !y are f\nd4 ,x is suppos$1 inde$1 t a suffici5t numb] ( well *>act]iz$ species h n yet be5 collect$ & accurately describ$1 to ?r[ any c]ta9 & cle> light on o!rwise d\btful geological ph5om5a4 ,:at has be5 rem>k$ by ,de ,c&olle1 ) reg>d to botanical geography1 is p]haps true ( ^! fossils z to solv+ ! difficult problems ( geology--,let u n =get1 says he1 t ?is sci5ce c only be comm5c$ :5 ! /udy ( species has be5 suffici5tly advanc$ to furni% u ) num]\s & well au!nticat$ facts4 ,we are well aw>e ( ! difficulty ( settl+ ! l9e :i* ought to divide species4 ,individuals p]fectly id5tical 9 all _! p>ts1 are r>ely1 if ev] se52 ?\gh a g5]al resemblance may be easily trac$4 ,among fossils1 j discrim9ations ( ?is k9d are m delicate1 ?an 9 rec5t specim5s4 ,! h& ( "t1 accid5tal causes1 & ! influ5ce ( atmosph]ic *anges (t5 produce su* *>act]s z to r5d] ! det]m9ation ( fossil species an exce$+ly difficult task4 ,we h no d\bt1 !re=e1 t a few ( our ,trilobites1 :i* are n[ consid]$ z p]fectly id5tical ) "s f\nd 9 ,europe1 w ^u full] exam9ation1 be discov]$ to be dissimil>1 & ( c\rse c]ta9 geological speculations gr\nd$ on ! fir/ op9ion1 be ultimately ab&on$4 ,! geographical di/ribution ( organic rema9s1 is an exce$+ly curi\s inquiry4 ,if accurately pursu$1 )\t ref]5ce to any preconceiv$ !ory1 x w no d\bt furni% mu* in=mation z to ! comp>ative ages ( ! diff]5t /rata :i* compose ! ext]nal cru/ ( our planet--= t ^! /rata 7 deposit$ or =m$ at p]iods ( "t m or less remote f ea* o!r1 e "o kn[s1 to be a g5]ally admitt$ geological fact4 ,! occurr5ce ( simil> fossils 9 di/ricts ( c\ntry remotely situat$ f ea* o!r1 c]ta9ly pres5ts a ph5om5on highly int]e/+ to ! speculative naturali/1 & app>5tly indicates t ! same p[]ful & g5]al causes mu/ h concurr$ to produce ^! isomorph\s depositions4 ,no fossils h contribut$ m to ?is k9d ( in=mation1 ?an ^? ( %ells1 & z ! m9]aliz$ species c\ld n be satisfactorily /udi$1 except by accurately comp>+ !m ) ^? :i* n[ inhabit our seas & cont95ts2 ! se>* = %ells1 has become1 f a simple amusem5t1 ! /udy ( sci5tific m5--or1 z a writ] rem>ks1 x 0 only aft] ! p]iod :5 x 0 p]ceiv$ t geology & anci5t zoology 7 de/9$ to be enlight5$ by _! fossil rema9s1 t ?is rese>* pass$ f ! h&s ( amateurs into ^? ( naturali/s4#e ,footnote #e3 ,we h n unfrequ5tly notic$1 bo? 9 ! writ+s & conv]sation ( "s geologi/s1 a disposition to sne] at ! subsidi>y bran*es ( natural hi/ory4 ,m9]alogy & con*ology1 are light & mean 9 _! e/imation1 :5 comp>$ ) ! /udy ( ext5sive /rata & pond]\s b\ld]s4 ,l ,irv+'s te/y gov]nor ( ,manahatta1 :o settl$ ! acc\nts ( 8 cli5ts by plac+ _! books 9 ! opposite scales ( a balance1 !y decide on ! value ( a sci5ce1 by ! absolute weight ( ! objects embrac$ by x4 ,geology1 z well z any o!r bran* ( natural hi/ory1 may deg5]ate into a m]e love = ! curi\s1 or h = its pr9cipal aim1 ! p]fection or improvem5t ( "s ideal sy/em ( classification1 )\t advanc+ a s+le /ep fur!r4 ,ano!r curi\s geological fact appe>s to be e/abli%$ m especially by fossil trilobites2 x is t precisely ! same species ( animal relic1 is ! mo/ g5]ally diffus$ ov] ! globe1 9 proportion to ! antiquity ( ! rock :i* conta9s x4 ,?us ! transition lime/one ( ,engl&1 ,france1 ,g]many & ,sw$51 conta9s ! species call$ ! ,calym5e ( ,blum5ba*1 9 common ) ! same =mation :i* ext5ds ov] s l>ge a portion ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,diff]5t g5]a & species ( ! trilobite are n[ f\nd 9 almo/ e "p ( ! globe1 & are frequ5tly exce$+ly abundant 9 ! rocks :i* conta9 !m4 ,t !y mu/ h sw>m$ 9 p>ticul> places1 is abundantly evid5t f a numb] ( localities 9 our own c\ntry1--millions1 = example1 mu/ h liv$ & di$ n f> f ,tr5ton falls1 9 ! ,/ate ( ,new ,york4 ,!re are v few ( ! num]\s visit]s to t romantic cascade1 ^: curiosity is n awak$1 by ! multitude ( ^! petrifi$ be+s1 seem+ly ( ano!r _w1 :i* are !re entomb$4 ,al?\gh _m p>ts ( ! trilobite are n[ f\nd di/ribut$ ?r\gh ! rocks :i* conta9 !m1 9 su* a mann] z to lead to ! conclusion1 t !y 7 sep>at$ by decomposition1 aft] ! dea? ( ! animal2 yet ! p]fect pres]vation ( o!rs1 & ! roll$ & disjo9t$ attitudes :i* we %\ld expect su* creatures to assume :5 di/urb$1 lead to ! conjecture1 t !y h be5 (t5 sudd5ly de/roy$1 & z sudd5ly envelop$ 9 t e>?y matt]1 :i* aft]w>ds became an indurat$ rock2 ?us prev5t+ ! sep>ation ( ! h>d] p>ts1 by ! sl[ process ( decomposition4#f ,footnote #f3 ,vide ,de la ,be*e's ,geological ,manual4 ,! fossil rema9s ( ! trilobite family1 are suppos$ by mo/ naturali/s to belong to a race ( be+s n[ ext9ct2 b f ! /rong analogy :i* exi/s betwe5 !m & c]ta9 species ( cru/ace\s animals n[ liv+1 x is highly probable t !y w yet be f\nd alive4 ,?is op9ion w n be reg>d$ z vision>y1 :5 x is recollect$ h[ l>ge a portion ( ! surface ( ! e>? is /ill unexplor$ by its enlight5$ & civiliz$ inhabitants--h[ small ! numb] ( animat$ be+s are yet kn[n to ! sci5tific _w--& above all ! fact1 t _m animals z confid5tly decl>$ to be peculi> to a =m] _w1 are n[ f\nd to be among ! creatures at pres5t 9 exi/5ce4 ,?is op9ion1 we ?9k1 is q z plausible1 & f> m int]e/+1 ?an ! blank & unsatisfactory hypo!sis t all ! trilobites are conf9$ to an ord] ( ?+s be=e ! pres5t glori\s creation4#g ,footnote #g3 ,! incorrectness ( ! inf]5ce t all ! g5]a & species ( fossil animals f\nd 9 ! transition rocks mu/ be n[ ext9ct1 w appe> f ! foll[+ extract f ,bakewell's ,geology3--,! ,madrepora /yl9a1 s common 9 transition lime-/one rock1 is entirely want+ 9 ! second>y & t]ti>y /rata1 b a liv+ animal ( ?is species has be5 rec5tly discov]$ 9 ! ,s\? ,seas4 ,! ,p5tacr9us makes its fir/ di/9ct appe>ance 9 ! lias2 b is n frequ5tly met ) 9 ! upp] /rata1 & disappe>s entirely 9 ! upp]mo/ =mations3 h5ce x 0 long suppos$ t ! species 0 ext9ct4 ,a liv+ ,p5tacr9us has rec5tly be5 discov]$ 9 ! ,we/ ,indies1 & its /em & bran*es 9 a p]fect /ate h be5 s5t to ?is c\ntry4 7,engl&47 ,9 ! ,museum at ,albany1 ,n4 ,y41 ,i h exam9$ a rec5t ,p5tacr9us1 :i* ,i conclude1 came f ! ,we/ ,indies1 f ! proprietor's acc\nt ( ! mann] 9 :i* he obta9$ x4 ,x has be5 a v p]fect specim5 b ! bran*es are gradually dropp+ (f4 ,!re appe>s to h be5 kn[n to naturali/s1 :5 ! improv$ edition ( ,pr(4 ,brongni>t's "w on ! trilobites appe>$ 9 #ahbb1 b #ag well m>k$ species1 & out ( :i* he con/ruct$ ! five foll[+ g5]a1 :i* he ?us *>act]izes4 ,g5us ,fir/4 ,calym5e4 ,body capable ( contraction into ne>ly a semicyl9drical sph]e4 ,buckl] ) _m tub]cles or folds4 ,two reticulat$ eye-%ap$ tub]cles4 ,abdom5 & ,po/-abdom5 ) entire edges4 ,abdom5 divid$ by #ab or #ad articulations4 ,no elongat$ tail4 ,g5us ,second4 ,asaphus4 ,body broad & r flat4 ,middle lobe prom95t & v di/9ct4 ,flanks or lat]al lobes ea* d\ble ! size ( ! middle lobe4 ,submembranace\s expansions ext5d+ beyond ! lat]al lobes4 ,buckl] semicircul>1 ) two reticulat$ eye-%ap$ tub]cles4 ,abdom5 divid$ into #h or #ab articulations4 ,g5us ,?ird4 ,ogygia4 ,body mu* depress$ into an oblong ellipsis n contractile into a sph]e4 ,buckl] edg$1 a slight longitud9al furr[ aris+ f its ant]ior extremity4 ,po/]ior angles elongat$ into po9ts4 ,)\t any tub]cles except ! eyes1 :i* are nei!r prom95t nor reticulat$4 ,longitud9al lobes slightly prom95t4 ,abdom5 ) #h articulations4 ,g5us ,f\r?4 ,p>adoxides4 ,body depress$ n contractile4 ,flanks mu* broad] ?an ! middle lobe4 ,buckl] ne>ly semicircul> ?ree transv]se furr[s on ! middle lobe4 ,eye-%ap$ tub]cles none4 ,abdom5 ) #ab articulations4 ,ar*es ( ! lat]al lobes1 m or less prolong$ beyond ! membrane :i* su/a9s !m4 ,g5us ,fif?4 ,agno/us4 ,body ellipsoidal--semicyl9drical4 ,buckl] & flanks edg$--! edges be+ slightly elevat$4 ,middle lobe ) two transv]se divisions1 ea* compos$ ( a s+le piece4 ,two gl&ul> tub]cles on ! ant]ior "p ( ! body4 ,9 #ahbd1 ,dr4 ,j4 ,e4 ,dekay add$ a six? g5us to ! family ( ! trilobites1 :i* he describes 9 ! foll[+ mann]4 ,g5us ,six?4 ,isotelus4 ,body oval oblong1 (t5 contract$1 n unfrequ5tly ext5d$4 ,head or buckl] l>ge & r\nd$1 equall+ ! tail 9 size1 ) b two oculi=m tub]cles4 ,abdom5 ) #h articulations4 ,frontal process b5ea?1 ) two semilun> t]m9ations4 ,po/-abdom5 or tail broad1 exp&$ ) indi/9ct divisions1 z l>ge z ! buckl]4 ,longitud9al lobes v di/9ct4 ,?is g5us1 he rem>ks1 w be suffici5tly di/+ui%$ f ! five g5]a propos$ by ,m4 ,alex&re ,brongni>t 9 8 valuable & truly philosophical "w on ! trilobites by ! foll[+ p>ticul>s4 ,f ,calym5e4 ,by ! pres5ce ( b two tub]cles on ! buckl] n reticulat$2 by ! abdom5 ) b #h articulations4 ,f ,asaphus4 ,by ! middle lobe1 :i* is d\ble ! size ( ! lat]al ones2 by ! abs5ce ( a membranace\s expansion on ! sides2 by ! non-reticulation ( ! eyes1 c4 ,f ,ogygia4 ,by ! roll$ =m1 ! r\nd$ po/]ior angles ( ! buckl]1 & ! di/9ct articulation ( ! longitud9al lobes4 ,f ,p>adoxide & ,agno/e by *>act]s too obvi\s to be enum]at$4 7,see ,annals ( ,n4 ,york ,lyceum1 ,sec4 ,vol4 ,i4 pp4 #agd-e47 ,9 #ahbf1 ,j4 ,w4 ,dalman publi%$ 9 ! ,transactions ( ! ,sw$i% ,academy1 & also 9 a sep>ate "w1 an acc\nt ( ! trilobites f\nd 9 ! ,nor? ( ,europe1 9 :i* he has enri*$ ! family by a numb] ( f9e species1 & ) ! foll[+ g5]a1 :i* he mode/ly proposes m]ely z subdivisions4 ,g5us ,sev5?4 ,nileus4 ,body %ort1 capable ( contraction into a sph]e1 smoo?1 convex4 ,abdom5 ) ab\t #h articulations1 )\t any dorsal longitud9al furr[s4 ,buckl] sub-lunate1 ) l>ge lat]al eyes4 ,tail exp&$1 n s l>ge z ! buckl]1 )\t lobes4 ,g5us ,eigh?4 ,illnus4 ,body ovate oblong1 contractile4 ,head r\nd$ 9 front1 eyes small1 9 ! temples1 v remote4 ,abdom5 ) f #i to #aj articulations1 trilobate4 ,tail exp&$ z l>ge z ! head4#h ,footnote #h3 ,"s ( ! species describ$ by ,pr(essor ,dalman z includ$ 9 ?is g5us1 we ?9k ought to be ref]r$ to t ( ! ,isotelus4 ,g5us ,n9?4 ,ampyx4 ,body v %ort1 contractile4 ,buckl] l>ge1 triangul>1 gibb\s2 eyes n rem>kable4 ,abdom5 %ort1 articulations few 7#f871 trilobate4 ,tail exp&$1 n s l>ge z ! head4 ,pr(essor ,dalman has two o!r g5]a1 :i* he calls ,ol5us & ,battus1 ! fir/ is ! ,p>adoxides1 & ! second ! ,agno/us ( ,brongni>t4 ,9 ! #h? ,volume ( ,annales des ,sci5ces ,naturelles !re is a highly valuable pap] ,sur les ,trilobites et leurs gisem5s1 by ! ,c\nt ,ras\m[sky1 9 :i* he describes "s new trilobites f ,russia2 ! "o :i* he has figur$ & describ$ z a ,calym5e#i f ,tz>sko-,selo1 und\bt$ly belongs to a new g5us1 v ne> to ! ,isotelus4 ,! middle lobe is visible or nak$ ?r\gh its :ole ext5t1 & ! lat]al lobes ne> ! tail are cov]$ ) a ?ick cuticul> membrane4 ,?is g5us we propose to call ,hemicrupturus1 & may be ?us *>act]iz$4 ,footnote #i3 ,! editors ( ! ,annales rem>k t ?is is n a ,calym5e1 b t x appe>s to belong to ! g5us ,asaphus4 ,g5us ,t5?4 ,hemicrupturus4#aj--;,gre54 ,footnote #aj3 ,f ?ree ,greek words :i* signify half-conceal$ tail4 ,body contractile4 ,buckl] oculif]\s & n lobate4 ,abdom5 trilobate1 ) #h articulations4 ,tail1 co/al ar*es cov]$1 middle lobe nak$4 ,! ,asaphus expansus ( ,dalman1 & sev]al o!r kn[n species may be arrang$ "u ?is g5us4 ,z ,c\nt ,ras\m[sky has giv5 no specific appellation to ! fossil above allud$ to1 we propose to call x aft] 8 own "n1 ,hemicrupturus ,ras\m[skii4 ,we exam9$ ! f9e specim5 f :i* our ca/ is tak5 9 ! cab9et ( ! ,baltimore ,college1 & = ?is fav\r we are indebt$ to ! k9dness ( ,dr4 ,j4 ,j4 ,coh51 "o ( ! ,pr(essors 9 t ris+ in/itution4 ,! foll[+ li/ includes all ! g5]a & species ( ! ,trilobite ,family1 hi!rto describ$ z f> z kn[n to ! au?or4 ,x is tak5 f ,de ,la ,be*e's ,manual ( ,geology4 ,,names4 ,,au?ors4 ,,localities4 ,calym5e ,blum5ba*ii1 ,al4 ,brong4 ,europe--,u4 ,/ates4 ,macroph?alma1 d4 ,europe--,u4 ,/ates4 ,v>iol>is1 d4 ,europe4 ,tri/ani1 d4 ,europe--,u4 ,/ates4 ,bellatula1 ,dalman4 ,europe4 ,ornata1 d4 ,europe4 ,v]rucosa1 d4 ,europe4 ,calym5e ,polytoma1 ,dalman4 ,europe4 ,art9ura1 d4 ,europe4 ,scl]ops1 d4 ,europe4 ,s*lo!imi1 ,br[n4 ,europe4 ,latif]us1 d4 ,europe4 ,asaphus ,cornig]us1 ,al4 ,brong4 ,europe4 ,caudatus1 d4 ,europe--,u4 ,/ates4 ,hausmanni1 d4 ,europe--,u4 ,/ates4 ,de ,bu*ii1 d4 ,europe4 ,brongni>tii1 ,deslong*amps4 ,europe4 ,ext5uatus1 ,wahl5b]g4 ,europe4 ,granulatus1 d4 ,europe4 ,expansus1 d4 ,europe4 ,crassicauda1 d4 ,europe4 ,angu/ifrons1 d4 ,europe4 ,h]os1 ,dalman1 ,europe4 ,platynotus1 d4 ,europe4 ,frontalis1 d4 ,europe4 ,lviceps1 d4 ,europe4 ,palpebrosus1 d4 ,europe4 ,sluz]i1 d4 ,europe4 ,ogygia ,guett>dii1 ,al4 ,brong4 ,europe4 ,desm>e/i1 d4 ,europe4 ,wahl5b]gii1 d4 ,europe4 ,sillimani1 d4 ,europe--,u4 ,/ates4 ,p>adoxides ,tess9i1 d4 ,europe4 ,sp9ulosus1 d4 ,europe4 ,gibbosus1 d4 ,europe4 ,sc>aboides1 d4 ,europe4 ,h(fii1 ,goldfuss4 ,europe4 ,nileus ,armadillo1 ,dalman4 ,europe4 ,glorn]9us1 d4 ,europe4 ,illnus ,c5taurus1 ,dalman4 ,europe4 ,c5trotus1 d4 ,europe4 ,laticauda1 ,wahl5b]g4 ,europe--,u4 ,/ates4 ,ampyx ,nasutus1 ,dalman4 ,europe4 ,ol5us ,bucephalus1 ,wahl5b]g4 ,europe4 ,agno/us ,pisci=mis1 ,al4 ,brong4 ,europe4 ,isotelus ,gigas1 ,de ,kay4 ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,planus1 d4 ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,g5]a & ,species n fully det]m9$4 ,trilobites ,cephaleurya1 ,raf9esque1 ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,simla1 d4 ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,granulata1 d4 ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,bilobites ,lunulata1 d4 ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,lobata1 d4 ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,f ! %ort descriptions giv5 by ,pr(essor ,raf9esque ( ! five la/ m5tion$ fossils1 ,i conclude t !y belong to ! g5us ,calym5e ( ,brongni>t4 ,! /udy ( ! trilobites naturally leads to ! consid]ation ( ^? be+s :i* appe> to h inhabit$ our e>? previ\s to ! creation ( man4 ,e "o kn[s t ! sceptical naturali/ has drawn f ^! ve/iges ( organic life1 an argum5t contradictory to ! ,mosaic acc\nt ( ! hi/ory ( ! _w1 & ?\gh e cavil ( ! lea/ importance1 urg$ aga9/ ! tru? ( ! sacr$ hi/orian1 has be5 triumphantly confut$1 /ill1 ! geological scioli/ boldly impugns 8 v]acity1 :5ev] any new facts 9 8 sci5ce c be di/ort$ to 8 purpose4 ,su* be+ ! case1 we _c conclude ?is preface )\t briefly /at+ two or ?ree me?ods by :i* any seem+ discrepancies may be expla9$4 ,fir/1 ^? :o imag9e t ! six p]iods ( creation1 m5tion$ 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! p5tateu*1 mean lit]ally days ( #bd h\rs ea*1 believe t1 z only a small "p ( ! e>? 0 at fir/ requir$ = ! abode ( man & ! high] animals1 ! pres5t cont95ts might h rema9$ z long b5ea? ! wat]s1 & h und]gone e *ange necess>y to solve ?is geological puzzle4 ,aga91 o!rs h ?\ght t ,moses1 aft] record+1 9 ! fir/ s5t5ce ( ,g5esis1 ! great tru? t all ?+s 7 made by ! w ( an intellig5t ,creator--pass$ sil5tly ov] "s int]m$iate /ate ( ! e>?1 :i* _h no direct relation to ! hi/ory1 or to ! duties ( man--& proce$$ to describe ! successive appe>ance ( ! pres5t ord] ( ?+s4 ,on ?is supposition1 ! fossil rema9s & peculi>ities 9 ! /ructure ( ! e>? may h belong$ to t int]m$iate /ate4 ,a ?ird me?od ( expla9+ ! difficulty1 & :i* we ?9k highly satisfactory1 is1 by und]/&+ ! days ( creation to mean1 n ord9>y days1 b p]iods ( "t1 9 :i* ! record$ ev5ts took place 9 ! ord] describ$ s briefly by ! sacr$ hi/orian4 ,x is ackn[l$g$ by e "o compet5t to judge1 t among ! ,hebrews1 days & weeks 7 (t5 us$ 9 ?is mann]4 ,! accordance betwe5 ! ord] 9 :i*1 accord+ to ! acc\nt ( ,moses1 ! "w ( creation 0 accompli%$1 & ! ord] 9 :i* ! fossil rema9s ( plants & animals are deposit$ 9 ! e>?1 has surpris$1 & has be5 ackn[l$g$ by le>n$ sceptics !mselves4#aa ,footnote #aa3 ,! ,b>on ,cuvi]1 on ?is subject1 rem>ks1 respect+ ! ,jewi% legislator--,8 books %[ u1 t he _h v p]fect ideas respect+ sev]al ( ! highe/ que/ions ( natural philosophy4 ,8 cosmogony1 especially1 consid]$ purely 9 a sci5tific po9t ( view1 is extremely rem>kable1 inasmu* z ! ord] :i* x assigns to ! diff]5t epo*s ( creation1 is precisely ! same z t :i* has be5 d$uc$ f geological consid]ations4 ,x w be useless to pu% ^! argum5ts fur!r4 ,! cata/rophes :i* h produc$ ! second>y /rata1 & ! diluvian depositions1 c\ld n h be5 local or p>tial ph5om5a2 b r ?an call ^u a comet1 ) ! ab/ract$ philosoph]1 to deluge ! e>? = e new geological epo*--or to *ange ! axis ( motion ( our planet--or to resort to any ( 8 wild1 fanciful1 & impi\s !ories1 we %\ld1 ) ,sir ,humphrey ,davy1 ev5 pref] ! dream t all ! second>y /rata 7 creat$1 fill$ ) ! rema9s1 z x 71 ( animal life1 to conf\nd ! speculations ( our geological reason]s4 ,,ackn[l$gm5ts4 ,e au?or :o attempts a ,monograph ( any ( ! dep>tm5ts ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 mu/ necess>ily dep5d1 9 a great] or less degree1 ^u ! k9dness & lib]ality ( o!rs4 ,r>e & unique specim5s1 p>ticul>ly ( fossil species1 are (t5 scatt]$ ?r\gh diff]5t cab9ets1 & 8 "w w\ld be r5d]$ v imp]fect1 if !y 7 n intru/$ to 8 c>e4 ,9 prep>+ ! foll[+ ,monograph on ! plan ( giv+ exact models ( ! species1 in/ead ( illu/rat+ !m by engrav+s 9 ! usual mann]1 ! specim5s :5 us$ by ! arti/ are p]haps m liable to accid5t1 & x 0 at fir/ suppos$ t ?is circum/ance might h prev5t$ ! orig9al design4 ,b 9 no in/ance1 :]e an application has be5 made1 ei!r to a public in/itution or to a private cab9et1 has ! au?or met ) a refusal2 inde$ ! c\rtesy1 k9dness1 & lib]ality :i* he has exp]i5c$ f naturali/s1 :o h e :]e aid$ him 9 ! prosecution ( 8 "w1 =m no inconsid]able portion ( ! gratification :i* he has receiv$4 ,besides ! ackn[l$gm5ts to public museums1 & to individuals1 :i* are made 9 ! body ( ! "w1 ! au?or is desir\s ( record+ 9 ?is place1 ! foll[+ cab9ets f :i* he has d]iv$ mu* assi/ance4 ,,9 ,,philadelphia4 ,! ,cab9et ( ,john ,p4 ,we!rill4 ,! ,cab9et ( ! ,academy ( ,natural ,sci5ces4 ,! ,philadelphia ,museum4 7,peale's47 ,! ,cab9et ( ,p4 ,a4 ,br[ne1 ,esq4 ,! ,cab9et ( ,dr4 ,r4 ,h>lan4 ,! ,cab9et ( ,william ,hyde4 ,! ,cab9et ( ,j4 ,pi]ce4 ,! ,cab9et ( ! ,geological ,society4 -------- ,lambd9's ,museum1 ,pittsburgh1 ,pa4 ,! ,cab9et ( ,d4 ,keim1 ,read+1 ,pa4 ,,9 ,,new ,,york4 ,! ,cab9et ( ! ,lyceum ( ,natural ,hi/ory4 ,! ,cab9et ( ,dr4 ,j4 ,e4 ,dekay4 ,! ,new ,york ,museum4 7,peale's47 ,,9 ,,albany4 ,! ,cab9et ( ! ,albany ,in/itute4 ,! ,cab9et ( ,pr(essor ,t4 ,r4 ,beck4 ,albany ,museum4 ,! ,cab9et ( ,dr4 ,james ,eights4 -------- ,! ,cab9et ( ! ,r5ssela] ,s*ool4 ,,9 ,,baltimore4 ,! ,cab9et ( ,dr4 ,jo%ua ,j4 ,coh54 ,! ,cab9et ( ! ,baltimore ,college4 ,! ,cab9et ( ! ,a!neum4 ,! ,baltimore ,museum4 -------- ,! ,cab9et ( ,pr(essor ,hall1 ,m\nt ,hope4 ,,trilobites1 c4 ---- ,g5us ,calym5e4 ,brongni>t4 ,! "n ( ?is g5us is d]iv$ f a ,greek ^w :i* signifies obscure or conceal$4 ,! fossil animals includ$ by x are *>act]iz$ z hav+ contractile bodies2 ! buckl] z be>+ _m tub]cles or folds--! *eeks z be+ oculif]\s1 & ! abdom5 & tail z be+ compos$ ( f twelve to f\rte5 articulations or jo9ts1 )\t any membranace\s expansion4 ,! ,calym5es 9 ?ickness are ne>ly semicyl9drical1 & ! buckl] 9 front pres5ts a *ap]on or upp] lip m or ,jess rais$4 ,9 p]fect specim5s1 !re is a small furr[ :i* seems to indicate a sep>ation betwe5 ! upp] & "u p>ts ( ?is k9d ( lip4 ,! eyes are always rais$1 & frequ5tly pres5t ! rem>kable /ructure obs]vable 9 _m ( ! cru/acea2 b z ?is "p is g5]ally v prom95t1 ! reticulations ( ! eye are commonly worn (f or injur$4 ,pr(essor ,brongni>t places b little confid5ce 9 any ( ! g5]ic *>act]s above enum]at$1 except ! numb] ( articulations ( ! abdom53 ^!1 h[ev]1 9 our op9ion1 are m vague & unc]ta9 ?an mo/ ( ! o!rs4 ,! g5us1 h[ev]1 we ?9k may be readily id5tifi$1 aft] becom+ famili> ) "o well *>act]iz$ species4 ,! g5]al aspect ( ! buckl] is peculi>--! body is n s depress$ z 9 mo/ o!r g5]a1 & ! lat]al lobes are de/itute ( all membranace\s expansion4 ,to ! g5us ,calym5e1 belongs ! celebrat$ ,dudley fossil1 call$ ,entomoli?us p>adoxus by ,blum5ba*1 b :i* is n ! same organic relic1 to :i* ,l9n appli$ t "n4 ,?is g5us includes a great numb] ( species1 & ?\gh "s ( !m are said to be f\nd 9 diff]5t & di/ant p>ts ( ! globe1 !y are accord+ to our limit$ obs]vation1 = ! mo/ "p conf9$1 l rec5t species ( animals1 to p>ticul> di/ricts4 ,! ,c4 polytoma1 ,c4 pul*ella1 ,c4 bellatula1 ,c4 conc9na1 ,c4 scl]ops1 & ! ,c4 punctata1 all f9ely figur$ by ,pr(essor ,dalman1 & :i* are f\nd 9 ,sw$51 h n yet be5 notic$ 9 any "p ( ,nor? ,am]ica4#ab ,footnote #ab3 ,see ! valuable & ext5sive communication ( ,j4 ,w4 ,dalman1 ,m4 ,d41 on ! ,trilobites1 9 ! ,transactions ( ! ,sw$i% ,academy = #ahbj1 "p #b;d4 ,calym5e ,blum5ba*ii4 ,brongni>t4 ,ca/ ,no4 #a4 ,clypeo rotundato1 tub]culis sex di/9ctis 9 fronte2 oculis 9 g5is em9tissimis2 corpore tub]culato4 ,9 ?is species ! upp] lip pres5ts a furr[ p>allel to its edges4 ,! lip is /raight4 ,! *eeks are a little project+4 ,!re are six r\nd$ tub]cles on ! front1 & f\rte5 articulations on ! back2 ! tail is small1 & ! %ell is cov]$ ) small r\nd$ tub]cles ( unequal sizes4 ,! above is ,pr(essor ,brongni>t's description ( ?is trilobite1 :i* is ! fam\s ,dudley fossil describ$ & figur$ by ,littleton1 9 ! ,philosophical ,transactions1 7,london7 9 #agej4 ,accord+ to ,dalman1 sev]al di/9ct ,european species h be5 publi%$ "u ?is "n4 ,! true ,c4 ,blum5ba*ii1 he says1 has ?irte5 articulations to ! abdom51 & ab\t eight to ! tail4 ,9 ! cab9et ( ,g4 ,w4 ,fea!r/onhaugh1 ,esq41 we h exam9$ a f9e p]fect specim5 f ,dudley1#ac 9 :i* !re is f\rte5 abdom9al jo9ts4 ,!re c be no d\bt1 h[ev]1 t sev]al species h be5 conf\nd$ "u ! "n ( ,c4 ,blum5ba*ii2 ,dalman's ,c4 ,tub]culata & ,c4 ,pul*ella are1 we ?9k1 di/9ct f x1 ?\gh he has m>k$ !m only z v>ieties4 ,footnote #ac3 ,?is fam\s trilobite1 once =m$ a "p ( ! cab9et ( ,mr4 ,p>k9son1 ! di/+ui%$ au?or ( ! ,organic ,rema9s1 & is accurately figur$ on "o ( ! plates ( t spl5did "w4 ,at ! sale ( ! late ,mr4 ,p>k9son's fossils1 x 0 pur*as$ by ,mr4 ,fea!r/onhaugh1 ,! true ,c4 ,blum5ba*ii1 no d\bt1 ab\nds 9 ,nor? ,am]ica1 & is "o ( ! few examples ( ! occurr5ce ( an id5tical species on bo? cont95ts4 ,! late ,abbe ,correa s5t a p]fect specim5 to ,brongni>t1 f ! vic9ity ( ,lebanon1 9 ! /ate ( ,ohio4 ,we h also se5 a numb] ( specim5s f t /ate1 :i* c\ld n be di/+ui%$ f ! ,dudley trilobite4 ,our model 0 tak5 f a specim5 f\nd at ,tr5ton ,falls1 9 ! /ate ( ,new ,york4 ,! ?ree foll[+ species f\nd 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 w no d\bt be consid]$ by _m z m]e v>ieties ( ! ,c4 ,blum5ba*ii2 we h v5tur$1 h[ev]1 to call !m by di/9ct names4 ,calym5e ,callicephala4#ad ,gre54 ,ca/ ,no4 #b4 ,footnote #ad3 ,f two ,greek words1 :i* signify beautiful head4 ,clypeo antice att5uato1 figura lilii=mi 9 fronte depicta2 oculis m9imis2 abdom9e quatuordecim articulis2 corpore plano4 ,! buckl] is subtriangul>2 on ! front !re is a figure 9 high relief1 some:at resembl+ a fleur de lis2 or p]haps m1 ! capital ( a ,cor9?ian column4 ,! oculif]\s tub]cles are r l[] d[n on ! *eeks ?an usual4 ,! articulations ( ! abdom5 & ! tail _c well be di/+ui%$ f ea*1 o!r2 f\rte5 9 all may be easily c\nt$4 ,! middle lobe ( ! abdom5 is ne>ly equal 9 bread? ?r\gh\t4 ,! ribs1 or co/al ar*es1 are n groov$ or bifurcat$ at _! extremities4 ,l5g? ne>ly two in*es & a half4 ,?is beautiful species is 9 ! ,philadelphia ,museum1 :]e x is labell$ z be+ f\nd 9 ,hamp%ire1 ,virg9ia4 ,x is m9]aliz$ by a d>k yell[i% lime/one4 ,x diff]s f ! ,c4 ,blum5ba*ii1 9 ! =m & numb] ( its articulations2 9 ! %ape ( ! head2 9 hav+ only two flat tub]cul\s elevations on ! front2 & 9 o!r p>ticul>s4 ,9 ! cab9et ( ! ,new ,york ,lyceum1 & 9 t ( ,j4 ,p4 ,we!rill1 ,esq4 !re are "s examples ( ?is species f ! ,miami riv]1 ne> ,c9c9nati1 ,ohio4 ,i h also se5 x f ,indiana1 9 a d>k col\r$ lime/one1 v mu* di/ort$4 ,x has nev] be5 f\nd at ,tr5ton falls1 or at any o!r locality1 z f> z my k ext5ds1 :i* yields ! true ,c4 ,blum5ba*ii4 ,calym5e ,sel5ecephala4#ae ,gre54 ,ca/ ,no4 #c4 ,footnote #ae3 ,f ! ,greek = lunate head4 ,clypeo antice rotundato1 m>g9e omni valde incrassato2 prom95tia frontali utr9que tritub]osa2 corpore tub]culato4 ,! buckl] is regul>ly lunate2 ! m>g9 is slightly reflect$ or rais$ ant]iorly1 ! po/]ior edge =ms a cont9u\s rim1 runn+ ne>ly p>allel ) ! articulations ( ! abdom54 ,! front on ea* side has "o l>ge & two small tub]cles1 ne> its sup]ior edge4 ,! oculif]\s tub]cles on ! *eeks are on a l9e ) ! l[e/ frontal tub]cle4 ,!re are f\rte5 di/9ct articulations2 b z ! tail is mutilat$ & di/ort$1 ! total numb] ( jo9ts _c1 f ?is specim51 be asc]ta9$4 ,! body appe>s to h be5 cov]$ ) small pu/ules4 ,^! are v evid5t on ! front4 ,co/al ar*es simple1 or n groov$4 ,l5g?1 "o in* & ?ree-f\r?s1 bread? ( ! buckl] "o in* & "o-f\r?4 ,?is species resembles a little ! ,c4 ,pul*ella ( ,dalman4 ,! specim5 f :i* ! model 0 tak51 is 9 ! possession ( ,mr4 ,r4 ,peale1 ( ,new ,york1 :o will+ly l5t x = ?is monograph4 ,he in=m$ me t x 0 f\nd 9 ! /ate ( ,new ,york1 b he 0 unable to "n its precise locality4 ,x occurs 9 a s(t a% col\r$ lime/one4 ,no o!r petrifaction is obs]vable 9 ! fragm5t ( rock :i* conta9s x4 ,calym5e ,platys4#af ,gre54 ,ca/s ,no4 #d & #e4 ,footnote #af3 ,f a ,greek ^w :i* signifies ,flat1 ,clypeo antice rotundato2 prom95tia frontali utr9que quatuor tub]culis4 ,! buckl] is probably semilunate2 b z ! ant]ior portion is lo/1 ?is _c be det]m9$ ) precision4 ,! po/]ior rais$ rim is n cont9u\s1 z 9 ! ,c4 ,sel5ecephala1 b is sep>at$ by ! longitud9al dorsal furr[s4 ,! front is di/9ctly divid$ f ! *eeks1 & has f\r tub]cul> prom95ces on ea* side4 ,?ree ( !m are ne>ly on a l9e ) ! lat]al edge ( ! *eeks1 & gradually dim9i% 9 size1 z !y desc5d to ! ant]ior "p ( ! buckl]4 ,! o!r is small]1 & is betwe51 & a little to ! side1 ( ! upp] two4 ,! *eeks =m sph]ical triangles4 ,! oculif]\s prom95ces are close to ! second l>ge tub]cle on ! front4 ,! *eeks are1 h[ev]1 q imp]fect4 ,! articulations ( ! back _c be di/+ui%$ f ^? ( ! tail4 ,9 our specim5 !y are all beautifully di/9ct1 & are tw5ty-two 9 numb]4 ,! po/]ior rais$ rim ( ! buckl] seems to =m an articulation2 its extremities on ea* side are a good deal ?ick5$ & exp&$4 ,! co/al ar*es sudd5ly curve d[nw>ds & backw>ds1 ne> _! middle1 s z to divide ! abdom5 & tail into five unequal sections4 ,! :ole l5g? is ne>ly ?ree in*es4 ,! bread? ( ! buckl] ne>ly two in*es4 ,?is f9e l>ge ,calym5e 0 accid5tally discov]$ on ! ,held]b]g m\nta91 by my fri5d1 ,pr(essor ,t4 ,r4 ,beck4 ,"o ( ! loose pieces ( s&/one roll+ ov]1 ne> 8 feet1 pres5t$ him ! f9e natural m\ld1 f :i* he has k9dly p]mitt$ our ca/ to be tak54 ,! animal relic once enclos$ 9 ?is matrix1 mu/ /ill be ne> t locality1 & yet rema9s undiscov]$1 to rew>d ! ent]prise ( "s m =tunate naturali/4 ,"o ( our models repres5ts ! natural m\ld f\nd by ,dr4 ,beck4 ,! o!r is a ca/ tak5 f x & exhibits1 m satisfactorily1 ! v>i\s p>ts ( ! animal4 ,calym5e ,microps4#ag ,gre54 ,ca/ ,no4 #f4 ,footnote #ag3 ,f ! ,greek = small eyes4 ,clypeo antice subatt5uato2 occulis m9imis 9 lat]ibus capitis2 abdom9is articulis a #ad ad #ah2 corpore depresso4 ,! buckl] is semi-elliptical1 slightly punctate1 & mu* depress$ ant]iorly2 ! front & *eeks are n v di/9ctly m>k$4 ,! eyes are v remote f ea* o!r1 be+ situat$ ne> ! po/]ior lat]al angles ( ! head4 ,!y are n v prom95t1 & exhibit no m>ks ( be+ reticulat$4 ,be=e ! eye on ea* side1 !re is a slight transv]se ind5tation4 ,x is difficult to di/+ui% ! articulations ( ! abdom5 f ^? ( ! tail4 ,!y are f f\rte5 to eighte5 9 numb]4 ,:]e ! lat]al lobes rema9 p]fect1 two n>r[ rais$ l9es appe> betwe5 ea* ( ! ribs2 ^! are mo/ evid5t on ! caudal extremities ( ! animal4 ,! middle lobe is 9 ! =m ( a long1 sl5d]1 & acute cone4 ,! :ole animal is an in* & a qu>t] long1 & is mu* m depress$ ?an any o!r ,calym5e :i* we h se54 ,i am indebt$ to ,mr4 ,titian ,r4 ,peale = ! use ( ! orig9al f :i* our model 0 tak51 8 lib]ality to ^? :o cultivate ,natural ,hi/ory is prov]bial1 & ne$s no encomium f me4 ,! ,c4 ,microps is said to h be5 f\nd ne> ,ripley1 ,ohio4 ,x occurs 9 black lime/one4 ,! eyes ( ?is ,calym5e are small 9 comp>ison ) ^? ( "s o!r species--p>ticul>ly ! ,c4 ,bufo1 ,c4 ,macroph?alma1 & ,c4 ,an*iops4 ,calym5e ,an*iops4#ah ,gre54 ,ca/ ,no4 #g4 ,footnote #ah3 ,f two ,greek words :i* signify eyes approximate4 ,clypeo antice1 caudaque po/ice rotundatis2 oculis approximis1 magnis1 exc]tis2 articulis vig5ti2 corpore plano4 ,! buckl] ( ?is species is irregul>ly hemisph]ical2 ! front pyri=m & )\t pu/ulations4 ,! *eeks are almo/ entirely occupi$ by ! eyes1 :i* are plac$ v ne> ea* o!r on ! upp] "p ( ! =ehead2 are v l>ge & trilobate1 ! side lobes be+ elongat$ & att5uat$ 9 front4 ,! articulations ( ! back are tw5ty 9 numb]1 ^? ( ! abdom5 n be+ di/+ui%able f ^? ( ! tail4 ,! co/al ar*es ( ! side lobes are r\nd ne> _! extremities1 & are int]sect$ ) two or ?ree rais$ l9es4 ,l5g? ne>ly f\r in*es4 ,bread? ab\t two in*es4 ,x gives me great satisfaction 9 be+ able to describe1 & to pres5t to naturali/s a good ca/ ( ?is ,calym5e1 :i* has excit$ = a long "t s mu* int]e/ & p]plexity4 ,! orig9al fossil f :i* our pla/] model 0 made is n[ deposit$ 9 ! cab9et ( ! ,albany ,in/itute1 & is ! id5tical specim5 f :i* a ca/ 0 long s9ce made1 by ,dr4 ,hosack ( ,new ,york1 a specim5 ( :i* he s5t 9 ,july1 #ahai1 to ! ,royal ,academy ( ,sci5ce1 9 ,france4 ,pr(essor ,brongni>t ref]r$ ! animal f :i* ?is model 0 tak51 ?\gh ) mu* hesitation & d\bt1 to ! species1 ,calym5e ,macroph?alma4 ,he rem>ks conc]n+ x1 ,il e/ beauc\p plus gros que les autres individus1 et a prs de dneuf c5timtres de longueur4 ,c'e/ avec d\te que je rapport cette empre9te tres-peu nette l'espce actuelle2 mais malgr ses =ms obtuses1 et l'abs5ce de t\t detail1 elle e/ si rem>quable p> la grosseur de ces yeux et p> le prolongem5t de son b\cli] qu'on peut prsum] qu'elle app>ti5t an calymne macroph?alme1 et avec d'autnt plus de probabilit qu'elle vi5t aussi des ,etats ,unis d',amrique4 ,elle a t tr\ve1 suivant ,m4 ,hosack1 dans un s*i/e4 ,we h se5 ! ca/ allud$ to 9 ! above note1 & are n at all surpris$ at ! unc]ta9ty :i* x has occasion$4 ,! app>5t prolongation ( ! buckl] is entirely occasion$ by ! loss ( a small fragm5t f t portion ( ! head4 ,! =m & position ( ! eyes1 fur!r di/+ui% x f any ( ! num]\s specim5s ( ,c4 ,macroph?alma1 t we h exam9$4 ,! rais$ l9es :i* we h notic$ z int]sect+ ! co/al ar*es ( ! lat]al lobes are rem>kable1 ?\gh !y may h be5 produc$ by accid5tal fissures 9 ! epid]mal cov]+ ( ! animal4 ,! head ( ! ,c4 ,macroph?alma is always m>k$ by m9ute & prom95t granulations1 l %agre5--no?+ ( ?is k9d appe>s on ! buckl] ( ! ,c4 ,an*iops4 ,i am in=m$ by my fri5d1 ,dr4 ,t4 ,r4 ,beck1 to ^: lib]ality ,i owe ?is int]e/+ species1 t x 0 f\nd 9 ,ul/] c\nty1 ,new ,york4 ,x 0 suppos$ by ,dr4 ,hosack1 to h be5 discov]$ 9 ! vic9ity ( ,albany4 ,respect+ ! locality & geological relations ( ?is trilobite1 ,pr(essor ,brongni>t rem>ks1 un modle en pltre de trilobite envoy l',acadmie des ,sci5ces1 en ,juillet1 #ahai1 p> ,m4 ,hosack1 et que j'ai rapport1 autant que la *ose tait possible1 et t\j\rs avec d\te1 au calymne macroph?alme1 a t tr\v dans le t]ritoire d',albany1 tat de ,new ,york4 ,or1 les environs de cette ville sont indiqus1 sur la c>te gologique de ,m4 ,maclure1 comme =ms de t]ra9s de transition4 ,m4 ,hosack dit qu'il a t tr\v au milieu d'un ro*] ardois1 c'e/ dire1 dans un s*i/e probablem5t analogue celui des environs d',ang]s1 qui r5f]me les ,ogygies1 et ce trilobite ce rappro*e un peu de ce g5re p> la grosseur des tub]cules qui rec\vr5t les yeux on en ti5n5t la place4 ,! rock 9 :i* ! ,calym5e ,an*iops is f\nd1 appe>s to be a clay slate4 ,calym5e ,diops4#ai ,gre54 ,ca/ ,no4 #h1 & fig4 #b4 ,footnote #ai3 ,f ! ,greek = ,d\ble ,eyes4 ,clypeo lobato plano2 rugis tribus 9 lat]ibus frontis2 tub]culis oculi=mibus1 em95tissimis et duplicibus2 articulis octodecim2 cauda rotunda4 ,?is species is v di/9ct f e o!r ,calym5e t we h se54 ,! outl9e ( ! buckl] is lobate lunate2 ! front is v convex1 & a good deal elevat$ above ! *eeks or sides1 f :i* x is divid$ by a deep furr[2 on ! po/]ior m>g9 ( ! front on ea* side1 close to ! groove !re is a prom95t circul> tub]cle1 be=e :i* !re are ?ree small transv]se wr9kles4 ,! *eeks are subtriangul>2 ! oculi=m tub]cle is ne> ! po/]ior sup]ior angle1 & is only sep>at$ f ! tub]cle on ! front1 by ! furr[ or groove1 s t ! animal seems to h _h d\ble eyes on ea* side2 !re are two curv$ l9es on ea* side bel[ ! eyes1 cross$ ne> ! front by a deep %ort canal4 ,! middle lobe ( ! abdom5 & tail is r long] ?an ! lat]al lobes1 & is r\nd$ & v prom95t ?r\gh\t4 ,x is compos$ ( #ah articulations1 sev5 ( :i* appe> to belong to ! tail2 x is1 h[ev]1 some:at difficult to def9e ! l5g? ( ! tail ) precision4 ,! co/al ar*es ( ! lat]al lobes1 p>ticul>ly ^? ne> ! tail1 are bifurcate4 ,l5g? almo/ ?ree in*es4 ,! orig9al fossil1 f :i* ! ca/ 0 tak51 is 9 ! ,new ,york ,museum4 ,i am indebt$ to ,mr4 ,rub5s ,peale1 ! lib]al proprietor ( t fl\ri%+ & important in/itution1 n only = ! use ( x 9 ?is ,monograph1 b also = "s valuable in=mation relat+ to o!r species4 ,! precise locality ( ,mr4 ,peale's specim5 is n kn[n1 b 9 ! cab9et ( ,j4 ,p4 ,we!rill1 ,esq41 !re is a f9e head ( ! ,c4 diops :i* 0 f\nd 9 ! ,/ate ( ,ohio4 ,bo? specim5s are m9]aliz$ by ! same k9d ( s(t grey col\r$ lime/one--& ,i h b little d\bt t !y 7 d]iv$ f ! same place4 ,calym5e ,macroph?alma4#bj ,brongni>t4 ,ca/ ,no4 #i4 ,footnote #bj3 ,f ! ,greek = ,great eyes4 ,clypeo antice1 caudaque po/ice att5uatis1 oculis magnis exs]tis4 ,?is species1 accord+ to ,al4 ,brongni>t1 :o fir/ describ$ x1 is rem>kable = ! magnitude & protub]ance ( its eye-%ap$ tub]cles1 & by ! prolongation ( ! ant]ior portion ( ! buckl]1 9 ! =m ( a sn\t4 ,! back is m>k$ by #ab or #ac articulations1 :i* are ?ick] ?an ^? ( ! tail4 ,! tail is %ort1 po9t$1 & )\t expansion4 ,! middle lobe1 or front ( ! buckl]1 9 ?is calym5e1 is said by ,brongni>t to be m>k$ on its sides by ?ree oblique plic or wr9kles1 b we h n be5 able to discov] ?is "* 9 any ( ! specim5s to :i* we h access2 nei!r d !y exhibit any rem>kable prolongation 9 ! ant]ior portion ( ! buckl]1 z /at$ 9 8 specific "*4 ,! specim5s :i* we h exam9$1 agree pretty well ) ! repres5tation he has giv5 ( ! ,c4 ,macroph?alma1 ,plate ,i4 fig4 #e4 ,a4 ,b4 ,c4 made f a draw+ by ,mr4 ,/okes1 f a fossil f\nd 9 ,coalbrookdale 7,eng474 ,?is trilobite is common 9 sev]al p>ts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,accord+ to ,dr4 ,j4 ,e4 ,dekay1#ba ! ,c4 ,macroph?alma is f\nd on ! ,held]b]g m\nta9s1 ne> ,albany1 & at ,co%ung creek1 n f> f ,s5eca lake1 9 ! ,/ate ( ,new ,york4 ,x occurs also at ,leheighton1 9 ,p5nsylvania--at ! ,falls ( ! ,ohio1 & at sev]al o!r localities4 ,we h exam9$ a numb] ( specim5s ( ! ,c4 ,macroph?alma1 conta9$ 9 ! ri* cab9et ( fossils1 9 ! ,academy ( ,natural ,sci5ces1 & h nev] se5 any individual :i* resembles ! fig4 #d1 ,plate ,i4 ( ,brongni>t2 & 9 no in/ance is ! front ( ! buckl] m>k$ by ?ree oblique folds1 a "* /at$ z peculi> to ?is species4 ,! ,c4 ,macroph?alma1 7v>iety7 occurs 9 l>ge quantities 9 ,leheighton 9 ,p5nsylvania1 & we are indebt$ to ,mr4 ,d4 ,keim1 = "s f9e specim5s f t locality4 ,footnote #ba3 ,see ,annals ( ,lyceum1 ,vol4 ,i4 p4 #ahh4 ,! au?ority ( ,pr(essor ,brongni>t is suffici5t to place ! ,c4 ,macroph?alma among ! species ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ?\gh we h be5 unable fully to id5tify x ) 8 description4#bb ,he receiv$ a specim51 trans=m$ into r$ jasp]1 f ,pr(4 ,ducatel1 said to be f\nd 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates--no precise locality is giv54 ,our model repres5ts ! animal :i* is suppos$ to be ! "o int5d$ by ,brongni>t z ! ,c4 ,macroph?alma ( ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,x is1 9 our op9ion1 a v>iety ( ! ,c4 ,bufo4 ,!re c be no d\bt t sev]al species h be5 conf\nd$ "u ! "n ( ,c4 ,macroph?alma4 ,footnote #bb3 ,we h se5 9 ! ,cab9et ( ,mr4 ,fea!r/onhaugh1 a f9e gr\p ( trilobites1 9 ! transition lime/one1 f ,dudley1 7,eng47 ,among !m !re is a p]fect head1 :i* agrees exactly ) ! description giv5 by ,mr4 ,brongni>t ( ! head ( 8 ,calym5e ,macroph?alma4 ,if ?is belongs to ! true macroph?alma1 our species "u t "n is entirely di/9ct4 ,s9ce our "w _h be5 prep>$ = ! press1 ,dr4 ,j4 ,j4 ,coh51 ( ! ,baltimore ,college1 has %[n u ! fragm5t ( a calym5e f ,b]kley1 ,virg9ia1 :i* agrees ) ,brongni>t's description ( ! macroph?alma1 & ) ! above fossil f ,dudley4 ,we regret t ! imp]fection ( ! fossil prev5ts our giv+ a satisfactory ca/ ( x4 ,! foll[+ extract ( a lett] f ,pr(essor ,ducatel to ! au?or1 ref]r+ to ! locality ( ?is species1 w be read ) int]e/4 ,i _c be positive z to my recollection ( ! locality ( ! fossil ref]r$ to by ,brongni>t & y\rself1 b believe x is "o ( sev]al f\nd by my fri5d ,dr4 ,m',culloh1 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,b]kley ,spr+s1 ,virg9ia4 ,i regret t ,i h n 9 my possession ano!r specim5 to pres5t to y4 ,calym5e ,bufo4 ,gre54 ,ca/ ,no4 #aj4 ,clypeo rotundato1 convexo1 punctato2 abdom9is articulis sexdecim2 cauda att5uata2 corpore plano4 ,buckl] semilunate1 front v l>ge1 r\nd$ be=e & arcuat$ at ! ins]tion ( ! middle lobe2 surface convex1 & m>k$ ) num]\s depress$ pimples4 ,m\? l>ge1 lunate1 resembl+ t ( a toad or frog1 ) a n>r[ rais$ rim on ! upp] & "u lip4 ,bel[ ! *9 !re are no pu/ulations4 ,*eeks small1 triangul>1 & sep>at$ f ! front by a deep1 rectil9e> furr[2 ! eyes 9 our specim5 are mu* injur$1 b !y are l>ge1 & ne> ! upp] angle ( ! *eeks4 ,middle lobe ) a s]ies ( di/9ct d\ble articulations4 ,lat]al lobes wid] ?an ! middle lobe1 ribs deeply groov$ ne> _! ins]tion2 articulations ( ! abdom5 twelve2 ( ! tail t54 ,l5g? f\r in*es & a half2 bread? ( ! buckl] ne>ly two in*es4 ,?is fossil 0 pres5t$ to me "s "t s9ce by ,?omas ,p4 ,johnson1 ,esq41 :o m5tion$ t x 0 f\nd 9 ,new ,j]sey1 b t he c\ld n le>n its precise locality4 ,ne> ,patt]son1 9 t ,/ate1 "s trilobites h be5 discov]$--p]haps ! ,c4 ,bufo may h be5 d]iv$ f t locality4 ,x is compos$ ( a d>k greyi% lime/one1 easily cut ) a knife4 ,calym5e ,bufo4 ,v>iety1 ,rana4 ,ca/ ,nos4 #aa #ab4 ,?is f9e specim5 diff]s f ! "o above describ$1 9 hav+ ! front ( ! buckl] r small]1 & ( a diff]5t cont\r4 ,! :ole ( ! %ell is also cov]$ ) granulations1 :i* only appe> on ! head ( ! o!r2 ?is1 h[ev]1 may be only an imp]fection 9 ! specim5s 9 our cab9et4 ,i am indebt$ to ! ,albany ,in/itute = ! orig9als ( ! models ,nos4 #aa #ab4 ,!y 7 f\nd at ,s5eca1 ,ont>io ,c\nty1 ,new ,york1 9 d>k1 slaty lime/one1 :i* also conta9s cubical cry/als ( iron pyrites4 ,a =tunate bl[ ( ! hamm] has fractur$ ! rock :i* conta9s ?is trilobite1 s neatly1 z to pres5t u at ! same "t ) ! petrifi$ animal 9 an almo/ p]fect /ate1 & also ) ! m\ld or matrix 9 :i* x 0 imb$d$4 ,?is arrangem5t is beautifully illu/rat$ by our models4 ,g5us ,asaphus4 ,brongni>t4 ,?is g5us d]ives its "n f ! ,greek ^w --obscure4 ,x embraces p]haps m species ?an any o!r g5us ( ! family ( trilobites4 ,ab\t tw5ty h already be5 discov]$4 ,mo/ ( !m are v *>act]i/ic & c easily be det]m9$1 b z ! g5us ,asaphus1 is int]m$iate betwe5 ,calym5e & ,ogygia1 x is sometimes a little difficult to decide ! g5us to :i* ! inosculat+ species on ea* side1 belongs4 ,9 g5]al1 ! ,asaphs may be kn[n by ! body be+ v mu* depress$1 & by ! membranace\s developm5t1 :i* ext5ds beyond ! lat]al lobes4 ,! middle lobe ( ! abdom51 is r>ely m ?an "o-fif? ! wid? ( ! body4 ,z ! abdom5 & tail ( ! ,asaph are ! only portions ( ! animal commonly f\nd entire1 ! di/9ctive *>act]s ( ! g5us above giv51 may g5]ally be asc]ta9$4 ,pr(essor ,brongni>t rem>ks1 t ! ribs ( ! ,asaph1 :i* correspond 9 numb] & position to ! articulations ( ! middle lobe1 are sometimes simple or undivid$1 at lea/ 9 ! po/ abdom51 b t !y are always bifurcat$ 9 ! ,calym5e ,z f> z our obs]vations h ext5d$1 ^! rem>ks d n apply ei!r 9 ! "o case or ! o!r4 ,! head or buckl] ( ! ,asaph1 is n s deeply divid$ into ?ree lobes z ! ,calym5e2 !y are1 h[ev]1 q di/9ct4 ,! oculif]\s tub]cles are 9 "s species exce$+ly well m>k$ by a reticulat$ /ructure4 ,?is g5us (t5 occurs at ! same localities ) ! ,calym5e1 ?\gh 9 "s in/ances x seems to occupy rocks peculi> to itself4 ,dr4 ,john ,bigsby1 9 8 li/ ( organic rema9s occurr+ 9 ! ,canadas1 /ates1 t he nev] f\nd a s+le species ( ! g5us ,calym5e1 on ! nor? side ( ! ,riv] ,/4 ,lawr5ce1 al?\gh ! ,asaphs 7 v abundant4#bc ,9 8 ,sket* ( ! ,geology ( ! ,isl& ( ,montreal1 he h[ev] obs]ves3 ,( ,trilobites1 ! ,asaph g5us is ! mo/ abundant1 !y approa* ne>e/ ! species caudatus1 ( ,brongni>t4 ,i h f\nd no entire ,calym5e1 b _m buckl]s or heads ( ! ,blum5ba* species1 "s ( !m an in* & a half 9 diamet]4 ,!y are f\nd :ole 9 consid]able numb]s 9 ! vic9ity ( ,quebec4#bd ,footnote #bc3 ,silliman's ,j\rnal1 vol4 viii4 p4 #hc4 ,footnote #bd3 ,annals ,new ,york ,lyceum1 vol4 i4 p4 #bad4 ,asaphus ,latico/atus4#be ,gre54 ,ca/ ,no4 #ac4 ,footnote #be3 ,f ! ,lat9 = broad ribb$4 ,cauda prlonga1 p>s ad m>g9em vix membranacea2 cute coriacea1 tub]culis m9imis2 co/is latis1 convexis et valde di/9ctis4 ,! fragm5ts ( ?is species1 :i* we h exam9$1 comprise t5 articulations ( ! middle lobe1 & ! correspond+ ribs ( ! sides1 all 9 a v good /ate ( pres]vation2 ! ext5t to :i* ! membranace\s expansion rea*$ beyond ! tail & ! lat]al lobes is v app>5t1 b x has be5 un=tunately brok5 (f all r\nd4 ,our specim5 appe>s to be a natural ca/ ( ! int]nal "p ( ! %ell1 or ! coriace\s cov]+ ( ! animal4 ,! portion ( ?is specim5 ( trilobite :i* /ill rema9s p]fect1 is two in*es long1 & ?ree in*es & a qu>t] broad4 ,! middle lobe exhibits ! appe>ance ( a v exact & gradually tap]+ cone1 its articulations be+ r\nd$ & slightly flatt5$ on ! top4 ,! ribs ( ! lat]al lobes are ne>ly /raight1 slightly ar*$1 broad1 r\nd$1 & gradually increase 9 wid? f ! po9t ( _! ins]tion2 !y are simple or n bifurcat$ ?r\gh\t1 & are cov]$ ) v m9ute granulations1 :i* are probably produc$ by ! s&/one 9 :i* ! animal is m9]aliz$4 ,! membranace\s expansion ne> ! caudal t]m9ation1 is a good deal prolong$4 ,! ,a4 ,latico/atus occurs 9 a light col\r$ f]rug9\s s&/one1 :i* conta9s a multitude ( o!r fossil rema9s1 p>ticul>ly a l>ge species ( ,productus & ( ,t]ebratula4 ,x is said to h be5 f\nd 9 ,ul/] c\nty1 9 ! ,/ate ( ,new ,york1 by ! late ,*>les ,wilson ,peale1 ,esq41 ! di/+ui%$ f\nd] ( ! ,philadelphia ,museum4 ,dur+ ! memorable se>* aft] ! bones ( ! ,ma/odon ,giganteum1 9 ! m>l pits ( t c\nty1 ?is ent]pris+ naturali/ procur$ our ,asaph ) _m o!r rem>kable petrifactions4 ,! rocks :i* conta9 !m 7 probably f\nd n 9 situ1 b 7 masses roll$ f ! neighb\r+ ,%awangunk m\nta9s1#bf :i* by "s geologi/s are suppos$ to be a l9k 9 ! gr& *a9 ( ! ,alleghanies4 ,mr4 ,r4 ,peale1 ( ,new ,york1 lately visit$ ! ri* repository ( fossils 9 ,ul/] ,c\nty1 & procur$ a numb] ( specim5s ( ! ,a4 ,latico/atus1 all ( :i* he has k9dly p]mitt$ me to exam9e4 ,^! are mu* small] ?an our ca/1 b 9 _m in/ances ! caudal elongation is p]fectly develop$4 ,! ,a4 ,latico/atus also occurs 9 ! ,held]b]g m\nta9s1 specim5s ( :i* are 9 ! ,albany ,in/itute4 ,footnote #bf3 ,! ,l5ape tribe ( ,indians1 :o =m]ly inhabit$ ?is di/rict ( c\ntry1 gave ! "n ( ,%awangunk to ?is /up5d\s ridge ( hills a "n :i* has be5 v prop]ly pres]v$4 ,asaphus ,sel5urus4#bg ,eaton4 ,ca/s ,nos4 #ad #ae4 ,footnote #bg3 ,d]iv$ f ,sel5e1 moon1 & ouros1 tail4 ,cauda semilun>i2 co/is angu/is1 valde di/9ctis2 abdom9is articulis duodecim2 corpore convexo4 ,i am indebt$ to ,pr(essor ,eaton1 = two specim5s ( ?is v int]e/+ species4 ,9 8 ,geological ,text ,book1 he ?us describes x3 ,tail cresc5t-=m1 or concavo-convex1 ) ! convex side =w>d1 ^u :i* ! po/ abdom5 t]m9ates3 abdom5 conta9s ab\t #ab articulations1 ) an abrupt t]m9ation equal 9 bread? to "o-f\r? ( ! l5g? ( ! transv]se lunate tail2 ! articulations ( ! side lobes gradually incl9e t[>ds ! axis ( ! body1 until ! la/ pair t]m9ate at ! tail4 ,f\nd 9 transition lime/one at ,gl5n's ,falls1 & ,becr(t's m\nta91 ne> ,hudson4 ,i h a specim5 f ,becr(t's m\nta91 ) "p ( ! orig9al cov]+ ( ! animal rema9+4 ,:5 we fir/ notic$ ! rem>kable lunate appe>ance ( ! tail ( ?is ,asaph1 we suppos$ t x 0 occasion$ by "s accid5t1 b !re seems no d\bt t ?is con=mation is natural4 ,9 our specim5s ( ?is species1 :i* are n h[ev] p]fect1 ! articulations ( ! abdom5 d n exce$ #h 9 numb]4 ,! repres5tation ( ?is animal rema9 giv5 by ,mr4 ,eaton1 plate #a1 figure #a1 is exce$+ly inaccurate2 x w confuse r ?an illu/rate ! subject4 ,our ca/ & ! draw+1 we believe1 are tak5 f ! same specim51 :i* 0 k9dly loan$ by ,mr4 ,eaton = ?is "w4 ,x is b ju/ice to ! amiable1 indu/ri\s1 & indefatigable au?or ( ! ,geological ,text ,book to rem>k1 t he regrets z mu* z any "o1 ! insuffici5cy ( 8 figures ( ! trilobites1 to give any correct idea ( ! fossils !y are int5d$ to repres5t4 ,9 ! cab9et ( ! ,albany ,in/itute !re are a numb] ( specim5s ( ! ,a4 ,sel5urus4 ,"o ( our models repres5ts ! natural m\ld made by ! animal 9 ! rock2 ! o!r is an impression tak5 f x1 9 ord] to exhibit ! animal 9 a m satisfactory mann]4 ,asaphus ,limulurus4#bh ,gre54 ,ca/ ,no4 #af4 ,footnote #bh3 ,f two ,greek words1 :i* signify ,limulus tail$4 ,cauda longa1 sp9a munita sicut 9 ,limulo2 co/is abdom9is 9 sp9is retrorsum flexis1 des95tibus4 ,x is v mu* to be regrett$ t ! abdom5 & caudal end only ( ?is rem>kable ,asaph h hi!rto be5 discov]$2 x is1 h[ev]1 exce$+ly gratify+ t ! fragm5t /ill rema9s 9 s p]fect a /ate4 ,x =ms a "p ( ! magnific5t cab9et ( organic rema9s belong+ to ,j4 ,p4 ,we!rill1 ,esq41 n[ deposit$ 9 ! ,academy ( ,natural ,sci5ces1 ( ,philadelphia4 ,dr4 ,j4 ,j4 ,coh5 discov]$ a small specim5 ( ?is species at ,lockport1 ,new ,york1 :i* he has pres5t$ to ! ,a!num1 9 ,baltimore4 ,eight articulations ( ! abdom51 & t5 ( ! tail1 are all ( ?is f9e species t we h se54 ,! ribs1 or co/al ar*es ( ! abdom5 h a deep furr[ on _! upp] surface1 comm5c+ at ! middle lobe1 & t]m9at+ ne> _! free extremities2 ^! extremities appe> all deta*$ f ea* o!r1 & end 9 reflect$ po9ts or sp9es1 s z to give ! side ( ! animal a s]rate appe>ance4 ,! co/al ar*es ( ! tail are groov$ ?r\gh _! :ole ext5t1 & pres5t no sp9\s t]m9ations4 ,beyond ! membranace\s expansion ( ! tail1 :i* is some:at simil> to t ( ! ,asaphus ,caudatus1 !re projects a s+le sp9e1 l t f ! tail ( ! ,limulus polyphemus2 ?is sp9e may be trac$ "u ! caudal membrane to its ins]tion into ! middle lobe4 ,a portion ( ! cru/ace\s %ell is /ill entire1 & x seems to h be5 cov]$ ) v m9ute granulations4 ,a r[ ( l>ge granulations may easily be trac$ on ea* side ( ! middle lobe4 ,l5g? ( ! fragm5t1 "o in* & a half4 ,bread? "o in* & a f\r?4 ,! ,a4 ,limulurus 0 f\nd 9 ! d>k br[n1 %aly lime/one1 at ,lockport1 9 ! ,/ate ( ,new ,york2 x is associat$ 9 ! same rock ) ! t]ebratula & sev]al o!r fossils4 ,! s+ul> sp9\s projection f ! tail ( ?is ,asaph1 furni%es ano!r analogy1 betwe5 ! trilobite & ! limulus2 an aff9ity :i* 0 sugge/$ by ,dr4 ,dekay2 & :i* has be5 argu$ ) great +5uity bo? by himself & ,pr(essor ,wahl5b]g4#bi ,footnote #bi3 ,see ,nova ,acta ,regi ,societatis ,upsal5sis3 #ahba4 ,also1 ,annals ( ! ,lyceum ( ,natural ,hi/ory4 ,new ,york4 ,vol4 i4 pages #agi-ahe4 ,asaphus ,caudatus4#cj ,brnni*4 ,brongn4 ,ca/ ,no1 #ag4 ,footnote #cj3 ,f ! ,lat9 ^w = tail$1 ,clypeo antice subrotundato1 po/ice valde em>g9ato1 angulo ext]no 9 mucronem producto2 oculis exs]tis1 conicis1 truncatis1 di/9cte reliculatis2 po/ abdom9e 9 caudam membranaceam1 acutam ext5so4 7,vide ,brongni>t47 ,! middle lobe ( ! buckl] is m>k$ by ?ree transv]se plic or folds on its po/]ior "p1 & its *eeks or lat]al portions are triangul>2 ! po/]ior ext]ior angles ( :i*1 are acute1 & consid]ably elongat$4 ,! *eeks are furni%$ ) conical1 truncat$1 semilun> & ext]nally convex tub]cles1 :i* 7 beyond all d\bt ! eyes ( ! animal1 be+ reticulat$ z 9 ^? ( ! ,limulus4 ,! middle lobe ( ! back is n>r[1 & has twelve articulations4 ,! lat]al lobes are compos$ ( d\ble ribb$ co/al ar*es4 ,beyond ! lat]al lobes & ! caudal t]m9ation1 !re is a smoo?1 ?ick membranace\s expansion1 :i* =ms an acute projection bel[ ! c5tral portion ( ! tail4 ,! specim5 9 ! ,philadelphia ,museum1 by :i* ,i h id5tifi$ ?is species1 is m>k$ z com+ f ,ripley1 ,ohio4 ,x reposes on a fragm5t ( a% col\r$ lime/one--:i* conta9s also a mutilat$ specim5 ( :at seems to be a calym5e1 & a few small t]ebratul1 c4 ,dr4 ,john ,bigsby1 9 8 ,li/ ( ,organic ,rema9s1 occurr+ 9 ! ,canadas1 /ates t ! ,a4 caudatus is frequ5tly met )1 ?r[n up by ! wat] on ! nor? %ore ( ,lake ,sup]ior--on ! bank ( ,ra9y riv]--at ! ,lake ( ! ,woods1 & at sev]al o!r places4 ,9 "s localities !y are a/oni%+ly num]\s1 & s small z to be almo/ microscopic4 ,!y occupy indiscrim9ately lime/one ( e col\r1 b are mo/ num]\s 9 t :i* is br[n or cry/alliz$4 ,!y are compos$ ( ! k9d ( lime/one 9 :i* !y happ5 to be emb$d$4 ,we h se5 a numb] ( specim5s ( ?is species 9 ! ,albany ,in/itute1 9 ,mr4 ,we!rill's cab9et1 & 9 ! ,baltimore ,a!num2 b 9 all ( !m1 ! abdom5 & caudal extremity only rema9 p]fect3 f _! exact resemblance1 h[ev]1 to ! same p>ts ( ! ,a4 caudatus1 figur$ by ,brongni>t1 7plate #b1 fig4 #d1 ,d47 we h no hesitation ) reg>d to _! id5tity4 ,! description :i* we h giv5 ( ! buckl]1 suppos$ to belong to our ,asaph1 is !re=e tak5 f ,brongni>t1 ^: specim5s 7 f\nd at ,dudley1 ! celebrat$ locality ( ! ,c4 ,blum5ba*ii4#ca ,! coriace\s membrane1 :i* ext5ds beyond ! lat]al lobes & =ms ! caudal t]m9ation ( our species1 is n cov]$ ) m9ute dots1 z 9 ! ,european fossil2 & if a new "n is to be appli$ to x on t acc\nt1 x may be call$ ,a4 glabratus4#cb ,m4 ,wahl5b]g1 has giv5 ! figure ( a trilobite :i* he calls caudatus1 b ours _c be mi/ak5 = t species1 to :i* ,brongni>t has v judici\sly appli$ ! "n ( ,a4 meucronatus4 ,footnote #ca3 ,9 ! fir/ volume1 #b;d s]ies1 ( ! ,transactions ( ! ,geological ,society ( ,london1 ,mr4 ,weav] has publi%$ "s highly int]e/+ obs]vations on ! fossils f\nd 9 ,gl\ce/]%ire1 ,engl&4 ,! ,a4 caudatus1 he /ates1 is !re f\nd 9 ! transition lime/one1 ?\gh v mu* mutilat$4 7,vide p4 #cbf47 ,footnote #cb3 ,9 ! cab9et ( ,g4 ,w4 ,fea!r/onhaugh1 ,esq41 ,i h exam9$ a f9e specim5 ( ! ,a4 caudatus1 f ,dudley1 ,engl&1 b c\ld n p]ceive ! m9ute dots on ! tail1 z m5tion$ by ,brongni>t4 ,! conical eye-l protub]ances on ! head ( ?is species1 are v rem>kable1 & s mu* resemble ! reticulat$ eyes ( ! limulus1 z to leave no d\bt t !y once conta9$ ! organs ( vision4 ,asaphus ,hausmanni4 ,brongni>t4 ,cauda rotundata2 cute coriacea tub]culis m9imis sp9ulosis tecta4 ,9 ,de la ,be*e's ,geological ,manual1 !re is a li/1 ( ! trilobites :i* h be5 discov]$ 9 ! grauwacke gr\p ( rocks4 ,?is li/ we h giv5 9 our introduction4 ,among ! trilobites he /ates t ! ,asaphus ,hausmanni has be5 f\nd 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 z we h n se5 ! species1 & presum+ ! au?or to be correct 9 8 locality1 we give ! foll[+ description f ,pr(essor ,brongni>t4 ,i "k1 he obs]ves1 only ! tail ( ?is ,asaph1 b x is s diff]5t f t ( o!r trilobites1 t ,i d n hesitate to e/abli% a p>ticul> species1 ^u ! consid]ation ( ?is "p alone4 ,its g5]al =m is t ( a semi-ellipsis2 ! middle lobe repres5ts a v sl5d] cone4 ,! ar*$ ribs ( ! lat]al lobes are p]fectly di/9ct & simple4 ,i _c p]ceive 9 !m ! slighte/ appe>ance ( bifurcation4 ,?is suffici5tly *>act]izes ! species4 ,b t :i* fur!r di/+ui%es x f ! o!rs1 are ! small1 elevat$ po9ts1 scatt]$1 & ( c\rse r\gh 7s]rs71 ) :i* ! sk9 or epid]mis is cov]$1 resembl+1 9 ?is respect1 ! tail ( ! ,apus canc]i=mis4 ,?is fragm5t ( an ,asaph is 9 a homog5e\s1 compact1 blacki% lime/one1 :i* conta9s no o!r k9d ( petrifaction4 ,i "k n :]e x 0 f\nd4 ,x is 9 ! cab9et ( ,m4 de ,dre4 ,on plate #b ( ,pr(essor ,brongni>t's "w1 he has giv5 figures to illu/rate ?is species2 fig4 #c ,a4 repres5ts ! :ole fragm5t1 & #c ,b4 two ( ! ribs ( ! lat]al lobes1 magnifi$ to %[ ! arrangem5t ( ! tub]cles1 :i* are v peculi>4 ,f ! above description x w be readily p]ceiv$1 t ! ,a4 ,hausmanni comes v ne> to ! ,a4 ,latico/atus4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 _m /rik+ diff]5ces1 :i* w be obvi\s to ^? :o comp>e our ca/ ) ! figures ( ,brongni>t4 ,! %ape ( ! ribs1 & ! tub]cles ^u !m2 ! =m ( ! middle lobe & ( ! int]/ices betwe5 ! articulations1 are all peculi> to ea*4 ,! elongation ( ! tail 9 our species is alone suffici5t to di/+ui% x4 ,we h always be5 d\btful :e!r ! m9ute granulations on our species 7 n produc$ by ! s&/one 9 :i* x is petrifi$4 ,^u :at au?ority ! ,a4 ,hausmanni has be5 consid]$ z a species belong+ to ! ,unit$ ,/ates we _c det]m9e4 ,9 ! valuable & ext5sive cab9et ( trilobites belong+ to ! ,albany ,in/itute1 !re are a numb] ( specim5s labell$ ) ?is "n by ,pr(essor ,a4 ,eaton4 ,if we mi/ake n1 he m5tion$ to u t simil> fragm5ts ( ?is fossil 7 s5t by him to ,brongni>t1 :o1 we und]/&1 is ! au?or ( ! li/ ( trilobites f\nd 9 ! manual ( ,de la ,be*e4 ,! specim5s :i* h be5 exam9$1 bo? 9 ! cab9et ( ,pr(essor ,eaton1 & 9 t ( ! ,albany ,in/itute1 are c]ta9ly n id5tical ) ! figures or descriptions publi%$ ( ! ,a4 ,hausmanni4 ,pr(essor ,eaton1 9 8 ,geological ,text ,book1 at page #ca1 ?us describes 8 ,a4 ,hausmanni3--,tail r\nd$1 & =m+ ! middle ( a circul> arc ^: c5tre is 9 ! =e abdom51 ne> ! head2 cov]+ tub]cl$ or sp9$4 ,f\nd 9 coral rag on ! s\? %ore ( ,lake ,erie4 ,also1 9 its und]lay+ grit slate on ! ,held]b]g4 ,"s o!r trilobites m5tion$ 9 ,de la ,be*e's li/ z occurr+ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 we h n be5 s =tunate z to meet4 ,asaphus ,pleuroptyx4#cc ,ca/ ,no4 #ah4 ,footnote #cc3 ,f ! ,greek ^w = groov$ ribs4 ,corpore depresso2 cute coriacea tub]culis m9imis2 co/is /riatis2 cauda acuta1 brevi4 ,?is species l mo/ o!r specim5s ( ?is g5us1 9 our cab9ets1 is decapitat$--e o!r "p1 h[ev]1 appe>s to be 9 a good /ate ( pres]vation4 ,! articulations ( ! abdom5 & tail1 :i* _c readily be di/+ui%$ f ea* o!r1 are sev5te5 9 numb]4 ,! middle lobe is flat1 & regul>ly tap]s to an obtuse lip2 x is m>k$ on ea* side ) longitud9al impress$ l9es or little grooves4 ,! co/al ar*es on _! upp] side h a deep & n>r[ *annel1 runn+ ?r\gh _! :ole c\rse4 ,! co/al ar*es ( ! abdom5 h no membranace\s expansion beyond _! t]m9ations2 ?is organization is only visible imm$iately bel[ ! end ( ! middle lobe1 :]e x quickly f9i%es 9 an acute po9t4 ,a l>ge portion ( ! cru/ace\s %ell rema9s1 & is cov]$ ) di/9ct granulations2 ^? on ! tail are ! lea/ obvi\s4 ,?is species approa*es v ne> ! ,a4 caudatus1 b ! grooves on ! middle lobe1 ! smallness ( ! co/al ar*es1 & ! limit$ ext5t ( ! membranace\s expansion r\nd ! l[] portions ( ! %ell1 w suffici5tly di/+ui% x4 ,two specim5s ( ?is ,asaph are 9 ! cab9et ( ! ,albany ,in/itute4 ,! "o f :i* our ca/ is tak51 0 f\nd on ! ,held]b]g m\nta9s2 x is emb$d$ 9 a light grey col\r$ lime/one %ale4 ,! o!r specim51 :i* is mu* small]1 0 discov]$ ne> ! ,g5essee ,riv]1 9 ! ,/ate ( ,new ,york4 ,! rock 9 :i* x occurs is id5tical 9 its con/itution ) ! o!r4 ,x conta9s o!r species ( trilobites1 & a numb] ( %ells4 ,asaphus ,micrurus4#cd ,ca/ ,no4 #ai4 ,fig4 #c4 ,footnote #cd3 ,f ! ,greek1 = m9ute tail4 ,cauda att5uata1 acuta2 corpore valde convexo2 co/is /riatis2 p>te m>g9ali vix membranacea4 ,?is f9e1 l>ge caudal t]m9ation ( an ,asaph is 9 ! cab9et ( ! ,albany ,in/itute--& x is a subject ( great regret1 t all t has yet be5 discov]$ relat+ to ?is highly int]e/+ trilobite1 is to be se5 9 ?is fragm5t4 ,!re are eighte5 articulations ( ! tail & abdom51 :i* _c be di/+ui%$ f ea* o!r4 ,! middle lobe is compos$ ( a s]ies ( /raight1 di/9ct1 p>allel articulations1 v convex ab\t ! middle1 s z to =m a k9d ( longitud9al ridge d[n ! back4 ,! co/al ar*es ( ! lat]al lobes are v di/9ct1 & are longitud9ally /riat$ or groov$ on _! upp] surface1 p>ticul>ly ^? ne> ! upp] "p ( ! animal4 ,! membranace\s expansion is v n>r[ along ! sides ( ! body1 & =ms a sort ( hem2 bel[ ! c5tral portion ( ! tail x makes a %ort acute projection1 :i* seems to be support$ by a %ort co/al elongation ( ! middle lobe4 ,l5g? two in*es & a half4 ,! ,a4 ,micrurus 0 f\nd 9 ! black ftid lime/one ( ,tr5ton ,falls1 by ,m4 ,h4 ,web/]1 ,esq41 & by him plac$ 9 ! ri* collection ( trilobites 9 ! ,albany ,in/itute4 ,! lime/one 9 :i* ?is ,asaph is emb$d$1 is almo/ "o entire mass ( petrifactions4 ,! g5]al aspect ( ! ,a4 ,micrurus is v simil> to t ( a calym5e--b judg+ f its /ructure1 x c\ld nev] contract its %ell into a sph]ical figure4 ,its m9ute tail1 & n>r[ membranace\s expansion r\nd ! t]m9al edges ( ! lat]al lobes are q peculi>1 & det]m9e x to be an ,asaph4 ,asaphus ,we!rilli4#ce ,gre54 ,ca/ ,no4 #bj4 ,footnote #ce3 ,i h nam$ ?is species 9 complim5t to my fri5d1 ,john ,p4 ,we!rill1 ,esq41 ^: magnific5t cab9et ( fossils 9 ! ,academy ( ,natural ,sci5ces ( ,philadelphia1 w ev] rema9 z a monum5t ( 8 discrim9ation1 ent]prise1 & lib]ality4 ,clypeo po/ice arcuato1 sulcato2 abdom9is articulis duodecim2 cauda vix membranacea2 cute coreacea vix punctata4 ,! cont\r ( ?is beautiful ,asaph is v regul>ly ovate2 unlike mo/ ( ! rema9s ( ?is g5us1 ! buckl] is /ill atta*$ to ! abdom51 ?\gh "o ( ! *eeks1 & a portion ( ! front are obscur$ by ! rock 9 :i* ! animal is imb$d$4 ,! *eeks =m sph]ical triangles4 ,! oculif]\s tub]cles1 ?\gh a good deal defac$1 seem to h be5 circul> & n lunate1 z 9 ! ,a4 ,caudatus4 ,a rais$1 curv$ l9e passes f & ov] ! eye1 betwe5 x & ! lat]al lobe ( ! abdom54 ,! c5tral lobe ( ! back is compos$ ( twelve d\ble jo9ts1 & t ( ! tail ( six s+le articulations2 :]e ! epid]mis or %ell is p]fect1 all ! articulations appe> s+le4 ,! la/ jo9t ( ! tail is long] ?an 9 any o!r ( our species4 ,! ribs ( ! abdom5 are r broad1 & h a deep furr[ scoop$ out along _! upp] surface2 _! extremities1 :]e !y c be discov]$1 are deta*$ f ea* o!r1 & t]m9ate 9 reflect$ po9ts1 l ^? ( ! ,a4 ,limulurus4 ,! co/al ar*es ( ! tail are delicately groov$1 & t]m9ate 9 ! membrane4 ,! membranace\s expansion r\nd ! edge ( ! tail is v n>r[1 & appe>s to =m no projection beyond its c5tral "p4 ,! :ole epid]mis is f9ely m>k$ ) granulations4 ,l5g? "o in* & ?ree-f\r?s--bread? "o in* & "o-f\r?4 ,?is int]e/+ species 0 f\nd 9 lime/one %ale1 ne> ,ro*e/]1 9 ,munroe ,c\nty1 ,n4 ,y42 & is n[ 9 ! valuable cab9et ( ! ,albany ,in/itute4 ,an accid5tal fissure ( ! rock disclos$ n only a f9e specim5 ( bo? ! m\ld & ! ca/ ( ?is animal1 b also ano!r individual ( ! same species 9 contact ) x4 ,f ! peculi> attitude :i* ^! fossiliz$ animals ma9ta9 t[>ds ea* o!r1 !y appe> to h be5 combatants at ! v mom5t :5 ! cata/rophe occurr$ :i* produc$ _! m9]alization4 ,9 ! ,museum ( ! ,g>d5 ( ,plants at ,p>is1 !re is a l>ge specim5 ( two fossil fi%1 :i* are suppos$ by _m to h be5 de/roy$ & cov]$ ) m9]al matt]1 :5 "o ( !m 0 9 ! v act ( swall[+ ! o!r4 ,mr4 ,bake well1 h[ev]1 :o accurately exam9$ ?is specim51 is ( op9ion1 t ! two heads ( ! fi% _h be5 press$ toge!r by ! sup]9cumb5t weight4 ,g5us ,p>adoxides4 ,brongni>t4 ,! animals arrang$ "u ?is g5]ic "n1 include ! organic rema9s describ$ by ,l9n z ,entomoli?us p>adoxus1 & ,brongni>t has giv5 ! specific appellation :i* ! great ,sw$i% naturali/ appli$ to ^! s+ul> animals1 out ( complim5t to him1 ?\gh he consid]s x q inappropriate4 ,! late ,pr(essor ,dalman calls ?is g5us ,ol5us1 & quotes ,p>adoxides z a synonyme1 b ! t]m ( ,brongni>t seems to h ! priority1 & !re=e mu/ be pref]r$4 ,! animals belong+ to ! ,p>adoxides h ! body v mu* depress$1 & ! lat]al mu* wid] ?an ! middle lobe4 ,! buckl] is ne>ly semicircul>1 ! *eeks are de/itute ( eyes1 & ! front is m>k$ ) ?ree transv]se furr[s4 ,?is la/ "* is probably n a p]man5t "o4 ,b ! mo/ di/+ui%+ "*1 is ! prolongation ( ! co/al ar*es1 p>ticul>ly ^? ( ! tail1 beyond ! membrane :i* !y are suppos$ to support2 ! t]m9ation ( ^! ar*es is 9 tee? or sp9es4 ,"s species ( ! ,asaph h prolongat$ extremities to ! ribs ( ! abdom51 b we h nev] se5 !m on ! ar*es ( ! tail4 ,?is g5us is said to comprise a great numb] ( species1 b ! only "o f\nd 9 ,nor? ,am]ica1 z f> z our k ext5ds1 is t describ$ by ,j4 ,j4 ,bigsby1 9 ! f\r? volume ( ! ,j\rnal ( ! ,academy ( ,natural ,sci5ces ( ,philadelphia4 ,z we h n se5 ! specim51 we add ! description ( x 9 ! au?or's own words4 ,p>adoxides ,boltoni4 ,bigsby4 ,figure #e4 ,oval1 bl9d2 surface ) small tub]cles & /ri2 clypeus r\nd$ be=e2 ext]ior angle ext5d+ 9 a broad sp9e2 abdom5 f\rte5 jo9t$2 segm5ts recurv$1 falcate2 tail membranace\s & s]rate4 ,! %ape ( ?is individual is oval1 approa*+ ovate2 x is mod]ately flat2 ! :ole l5g? is five in*es & f\r-fif?s2 its bread? across ! middle is f\r in*es & n9e-t5?s2 :]ev] ! cutis is n remov$1 x is cov]$ pr(usely & irregul>ly ) small tub]cles4 ,! d5ud$ portions 9 ?is specim51 = ! space ( ?ree qu>t]s ( an in* f ! ext]nal m>g91 is1 9 a v small degree1 depress$1 & displays a numb] ( brok5 & cont9u\s /ri1 p>allel to t m>g94 ,!re are no traces ( organs ( vision4 ,! buckl] is ne>ly ! segm5t ( a circle2 ant]ior edge1 9 ! pres5t case1 imp]fect2 x is f\r in*es & ?ree-fif?s broad1 & "o in* & "o-n9? long at ! c5tre2 x jo9s ! abdom5 by a some:at s9u\s transv]se l9e2 *eeks & front ( equal bread?2 ! =m] are flat1 b rise at ! %>p ridge by :i* !y unite ) ! front2 !y are triangul> 9 %ape2 _! out] angles t]m9at+ by an acute tip4 ,! /ri m5tion$ above are "h n q p>allel to ! ext]nal bord]2 ! front is a %all[ depression2 r\nd$ b tap]+ ant]iorly2 x is int]sect$ f above on ea* side obliquely t[>ds ! mesial l9e1 by a ridge bifurcat+ d[nw>ds2 ano!r small] ridge ne>ly bisects ! front p]p5dicul>ly4 ,! abdom5 & po/ abdom5 are n di/9ct4 ,! abdom5 exclusive ( ! cauda is ?ree in*es & a half long2 x exhibits f\rte5 co/ v>y+ indiscrim9ately f "o-fif? to "o-f\r? ( an in* 9 bread?1 except ! ?ree inf]ior ones1 :i* are r broad]2 !y occupy ! :ole abdom5 )\t membran\s int]spaces1 & are sep>at$ by a black sulcus1 n always well def9$1 & sometimes a l9e 9 diamet]4 ,ea* co/a is canaliculat$ f ! upp] & "u angle to ! tip4 ,! middle lobe is sep>at$ f ! lat]al by a %all[1 rude sulcus1 :i* h[ev]1 does n always de/roy ! cont9uity ( ! co/1 z !y cross x2 ?is lobe is slightly convex1 "o in* & a half broad at ! top1 & s cont9ues to ! six? co/a1 aft] :i* x gradually contracts1 until at ! bottom x is "o-fif? ( an in* broad1 subsid+ ins5sibly into a flat membrane-l surface2 its longitud9al sulci pass "o in* f>!r d[nw>ds1 & exp&+ a little1 unite ) ! co/ on ea* side ! po/]ior edge ( ! space includ$ by !m1 be+ d5tat$4 ,! lat]al lobes are q flat1 "o in* & a half broad ant]iorly1 &1 by gradual prolongation1 become at ! f\r? co/a "o in* & f\r-fif?s 9 bread?2 ?is dim5sion is ma9ta9$ to ! n9? articulation1 :5 x sl[ly decreases to "o in* at ! bottom2 ! recurvature ( ! co/ is g5tle 9 ! upp] eight1 b !n decreases rapidly4 ,_! extremities1 advanc+ two-fif?s & f\r-fif?s ( an in* into ! emb$d+ rock1 are falcate ) _! rais$ black edges1 & cle>ly m>k$ po9ts4 ,?is trilobite 0 f\nd by ,lieut4 ,bolton1 at ,lockport1 9 ! /ate ( ,new ,york1 9 ! black1 %aly1 horizontal lime/one =m+ ! l[] "p ( ! rav9e by :i* ! ,erie canal asc5ds ! p>allel ridge ( ,lake ,ont>io4 ,dr4 ,bigsby rem>ks on ?is locality1 ,i am n prep>$ to assign to ?is lime/one its exact place 9 ! s]ies ( geological =mations2 x is above ! salif]\s s&/one1 & !re=e m rec5t ?an ! rocks be/ kn[n z ab\nd+ 9 trilobites4 ,we h1 !re=e1 9 ?is in/ance1 ano!r fact1 :i* demon/rates t bl9d trilobites are n conf9$ to a geological p]iod m remote ?an ,t :i* has produc$ ! animals ) oculif]\s tub]cles4 ,g5us ,ogygia4 ,brongni>t4 ,9 ! va/ qu>ries ( slate at ,ang]s1 9 ,france1 !re is frequ5tly notic$ two v rem>kable organic rema9s1 :i* h = a long "t excit$ ! att5tion ( naturali/s4 ,to receive ^! curi\s relics1 ,pr(essor ,brongni>t e/abli%$ ! g5us1 ,ogygia1 :i* he ?us *>act]izes4 ,body mu* depress$--elongat$ into an ellipse1 t]m9at$ 9 po9ts--ne>ly equal at its extremities1 & n capable ( contract+ itself into a sph]ical =m4 ,! buckl] is bord]$ by a slight longitud9al furr[1 ris+ f its ant]ior extremity1 & its po/]ior angles t]m9at+ 9 elongat$ po9ts4 ,! abdom5 has eight articulations1 & its longitud9al lobes are n v prom95t4 ,! eyes are nei!r prom95t nor reticulat$ & !re are no o!r protub]ances on ! buckl]4 ,9 ,pr(essor ,brongni>t's orig9al "w on ! ,trilobites1 he has describ$ ! two specim5s f ,ang]s1 "u ! specific names ( ,guett>di1 & ,desm>e/ii1 9 complim5t to ,m4 ,m4 ,guett>d & ,desm>e/2 & 9 ,de ,la ,be*e's ,manual ( ,geology1 we are in=m$ t he has s9ce id5tifi$ two o!r species2 "o ( :i* is suppos$ to be f\nd 9 ,nor? ,am]ica2 ?is he calls ,ogygia ,sillimani2 ! banks ( ! ,mohawk ,riv]1 ne> ,s*5ectady1 is ! locality f :i* x is said to h be5 d]iv$4 ,z we h n be5 able to f9d any detail$ acc\nt ( ?is species1 we h admitt$ bo? x & ! g5us to :i* x is said to belong into our ,monograph exclusively on ! high au?ority ( ,pr(essor ,brongni>t1 z quot$ 9 ! ,manual ( ,geology4 ,we are n ignorant ( ! species ( ,trilobites f\nd ne> ,s*5ectady1 & if p]mitt$ to (f] a sugge/ion on ?is subject1 x w\ld be1 t ! description ( ! ,am]ican ogygia1 0 made out by its di/+ui%$ au?or f ! fragm5t ( an ,isotelus4 ,! ,isotelus is n uncommon 9 t vic9ity1 & "o ( its extremities might1 ev5 by a v close obs]v]1 be mi/ak5 = t ( an ,ogygia--especially by ^? :o are n p]fectly famili> ) ! ,isotelus4 ,g5us ,isotelus4 ,dekay4 ,?is f9e g5us ( trilobites 0 e/abli%$ ,novemb]1 #ahbd1 by my fri5d ,james ,e4 ,dekay1 ,m4 ,d4 ,x embraces a consid]able numb] ( species s analog\s to ea* o!r1 t except 9 a v few cases1 x is exce$+ly difficult to po9t out _! di/9ctive *>act]s4 ,"s ( ! species ( ,isotelus1 appe> to h rea*$ a great] size ?an any o!r trilobite4 ,9 ! cab9et ( ,p4 ,a4 ,br[ne1 ,esq41 !re is ! fragm5t ( "o1 :i* mu/ h be5 f\rte5 or fifte5 in*es long4 ,! ,isotelus is f\nd 9 sev]al p>ts ( ,nor? ,am]ica1 b mo/ abundantly 9 ! black transition lime/one1 9 ! nor!rn section ( ! c\ntry4 ,! ri*e/ locality1 n only ( ?is g5us1 b also ( ! ,calym5e & ! ,asaph1 is ,tr5ton ,falls1 on ,we/ ,canada ,creek1 ab\t #ac miles to ! nor? ( ,utica1 9 ! /ate ( ,new ,york4 ,! foll[+ extracts f ! notes ( ,pr(essor ,r5wick1 :i* accompany ,dr4 ,dekay's acc\nt ( ! ,isotelus1 w give "s idea ( ?is va/ depository ( ! m$als ( anci5t zoology4 ,we/ ,canada ,creek1 is "o ( ! pr9cipal bran*es ( ! ,mohawk ,riv]4 ,at ,tr5ton ,falls x has worn itself a passage ?r\gh ! rock = ! di/ance ( ne>ly two miles1 =m+ a s]ies ( wat] falls2 & has ?us laid op5 to view ! /rata to ! dep? ( probably #cjj feet4 ,! lay]s ( ! rock ?us disclos$ are ne>ly horizontal1 & ( v>i\s ?icknesses3 !y are compos$ ( lime/one1 ) ! exception ( num]\s ?9 ve9s ( argillace\s matt]4 ,! high] /rata are compos$ ( c>bonate ( lime ne>ly pure1 ( a light grey col\r & cry/all9e /ructure4 ,at great] dep?s x is m compact & d>k] 9 col\r1 & f9ally x appe>s q black & highly ftid4#cf ,footnote #cf3 ,see ,annals ( ,n4 ,y4 ,lyceum1 vol4 i4 page #ahe4 ,animal rema9s are conta9$ 9 e "p ( ! rock2 besides sev]al g5]a ( trilobites1 we h sev]al species ( or?oc]a4 ,encr9ites & ,fungites--,nautili--,t]ebratul & ,producti1 are q common4 ,! favosites "h are sometimes six in*es 9 diamet]1 & 9 su* num]\s columns1 z to h induc$ ! late wor?y proprietor ( ?is int]e/+ spot1 ,mr4 ,j4 ,%]man1 to consid] !m z analog\s 9 /ructure to ! basaltic columns ( ,/affa & ! ,giant's ,causeway2 he !re=e ma9ta9s ! extravagant !ory t ^! columns are no?+ m ?an gigantic favosites4#cg ,we visit$ ?is fam\s locality ( trilobites n long s9ce1 & 7 almo/ z mu* delight$ ) ! sublimity & gr&eur ( ! cat>act1 & ! picturesque & romantic "* ( ! gl51 z ) ! reliques ( old5 times1 :i* are scatt]$ "h 9 su* pr(usion4 ,footnote #cg3 ,see a ,description ( ,tr5ton ,falls1 by ,john ,%]man1 p4 #ag4 ,! g5us ,isotelus1 d]iv$ f 1 equal1 & 1 extremity1 is ?us *>act]iz$ by ,dr4 ,dekay4 ,body oval (t5 contract$1 n unfrequ5tly ext5d$4 ,head or buckl] l>ge & r\nd$1 equall+ ! tail 9 size1 b ) two oculi=m tub]cles4 ,abdom5 ) eight articulations4 ,frontal process b5ea?1 ) two semilun> t]m9ations4 ,po/ abdom5 or tail1 broad1 exp&$ ) indi/9ct divisions1 z l>ge z ! buckl]4 ,longitud9al lobes v di/9ct4 ,o!r di/+ui%+ m>ks by :i* ?is g5us may be kn[n1 h be5 giv5 9 our introduction4 ,isotelus ,gigas4 ,dekay4 ,ca/s ,nos4 #ba & #bb4 ,head repres5t+ a sph]ical triangle1 surface punctate1 convex1 desc5d+ f betwe5 ! eyes to ! ant]ior bord]1 :i* has a n>r[ rais$ rim2 po/]ior extremity concave & correspond+ to ! articulation ( ! abdom54 ,eyes elevat$1 prom95t1 sub-p$unculat$2 cornea oblong1 lunat$1 highly poli%$2 abdom5 ) eight di/9ct articulations1 ! middle lobe d\ble ! size ( ! lat]al "o3 ^! latt] are cont9u\s ) ! middle lobe1 h a deep furr[ impress$ on _! upp] surfaces1 :i* becomes gradually effac$ t[>ds _! n>r[ free extremities4 ,^! lat]al lobes are r\nd$ at _! extremities1 & flatt5$ 9 su* a mann] z to all[ ea* lobe to slide easily "u ! lobe imm$iately prec$+4 ,tail subtriangul>1 convex1 equall+ ! head 9 size1 ) ! po/]ior t]m9ation r\nd$4 ,on ! c5tre ( its surface1 :5 accid5tally decorticat$1 a slight elevation may be trac$1 if ! specim5 be held 9 a c]ta9 light1 :i* appe>s to be a cont9uation ( ! middle lobe2 ?is ext5ds to )9 a %ort di/ance ( ! po/]ior angle ( ! tail1 :5 x is ei!r entirely effac$ or t]m9ates 9 an abrupt truncation4 ,ano!r elevation runs p>allel to & at a %ort di/ance f ! edge ( ! tail4 ,^! elevations are connect$ by obscure p>allel l9es1 imitat+ ! spaces betwe5 ! lat]al lobes4 ,:5 ! tail is fractur$ on ! bord]s1 a semilun> depression is visible1 exhibit+ conc5tric /ri4 ,! :ole ,surface ( ! animal has a jet black poli%4 ,l5g? f #f to #ab in*es4 ,! orig9al ( our ca/ is 9 ! cab9et ( ,j4 ,p4 ,we!rill1 & 0 f\nd ne> ,c9c9nati1 ,ohio4 ,x is ( a yell[i% col\r1 & occurs 9 argillace\s slate4 ,specim5s are common 9 mo/ cab9ets ( ,am]ican fossils4 ,! ,lyceum 9 ,new ,york1 possesses a fragm5t ( an individual ( ?is species1 :i* mu/ h be5 at lea/ #ag in*es long4 ,our ca/1 ,no4 #bb1 is f ! gigantic tail 9 ! cab9et ( ,p4 ,a4 ,br[n1 ,esq4 ,mr4 ,/okes describes ! ,i4 gigas z a new species "u ! "n ( ,asaphus ,platycephalus1 9 ,geolog4 ,trans4 vol4 i4 ,n4 ,s]ies4 ,8 specim5 0 f\nd 9 ! lime/one (4 ,/4 ,joseph's1 ,canada4 ,isotelus ,planus4#ch ,dekay4 ,ca/ ,no4 #bc4 ,footnote #ch3 ,! g5]al usage ( naturali/s is to prefix a %ort ,lat9 caption to ! species :i* !y discov]--b z "s au?ors d n foll[ ?is fa%ion1 we are satisfi$ to suff] _! descriptions to /& )\t x4 ,we believe1 inde$1 t ! "t is n v di/ant1 :5 e au?or w be expect$ to publi% 8 discov]ies 9 8 v]nacul> tongue4 ,head m r\nd$ ?an ! prec$+1 & less elevat$4 ,tail flat1 r\nd$4 ,total l5g? two in*es & "o-t5?4 ,bread? "o in* & "o-t5?4 ,l5g? ( ! head1 six-t5?s--( ! abdom51 eight-t5?s1 & ( ! tail sev5-t5?s4 ,dr4 ,dekay is ( op9ion t ?is species may possibly prove to be ! "y ( ! prec$+4 ,! relative proportions ( its buckl] & tail v>y consid]ably f ^? ( ! ,i4 gigas2 & ! dep? ( ! lat]al lobes1 :i* exce$s ?ree-t5?s ( an in*1 w\ld almo/ ( itself det]m9e x to be a new species4 ,! orig9al1 f :i* our ca/ 0 tak51 is 9 ! cab9et ( ,j4 ,p4 ,we!rill4 ,x 0 f\nd ne> ,newport1 ,k5tucky1 & occurs 9 argillace\s slate4 ,! fossil is ( a dirty yell[ col\r4 ,isotelus ,cyclops4#ci ,gre54 ,ca/ ,no4 #bd4 ,fig4 #g4 ,footnote #ci3 ,f ! ,greek = r\nd eyes1 ,clypeo antice att5uato1 plano2 oculis rotundis1 proximis2 cauda ovata1 acum9ata4 ,! head ( ?is species is mu* m elongat$ ?an x is 9 ! two prec$+ species4 ,! ant]ior portion ( ! buckl] is mu* prolong$4 ,! eyes are approximate1 r\nd$1 & ne> ! po/]ior edge ( ! head4 ,! abdom5 is furni%$ ) eight di/9ct articulations2 ! middle lobe is sc>cely broad] ?an ! lat]al lobes2 tail r broad] ?an ! head1 & ovate2 po/]ior t]m9ation m r\nd$ ?an ! buckl]4 ,l5g? ne>ly ?ree in*es4 ,! specim5 f :i* our model 0 tak5 belongs to ! ,albany ,museum4 ,no label is atta*$ to x1 b ,i 0 in=m$ by ,mr4 ,mea*1 "o ( ! proprietors1 t x 0 f\nd 9 ! we/]n "p ( ! ,/ate ( ,new ,york4 ,x is emb$d$ 9 an a%-col\r$ lime/one4 ,! specim5 is a good deal worn--b ! peculi> =m ( ! eyes1 & ! n>r[ness ( ! middle abdom9al lobe1 cle>ly di/+ui% x f ei!r ( ,dr4 ,dekay's species4 ,isotelus ,megalops4#dj ,gre54 ,ca/ ,no4 #be4 ,footnote #dj3 ,f ! ,greek = great eyes4 ,clypeo antice subrotundato1 po/ice arcuato2 oculis magnis1 rotundis1 em95tissimis2 cauda suborbicul>i1 limbo lato2 articulis abdom9is octo4 ,! buckl] 9 its cont\r resembles v mu* ! head ( ! ,i4 gigas2 x is1 h[ev]1 r m r\nd$ be=e1 & arcuat$ beh9d4 ,! oculif]\s tub]cles1 are v peculi>1 be+ v l>ge1 r\nd1 & exce$+ly prom95t4 ,!y h a good deal ! appe>ance ( solid hemisph]es plac$ on ! =ehead ( ! animal4 ,!y are exactly on a l9e ) ! two abdom9al furr[s4 ,! abdom5 is compos$ ( eight di/9ct articulations2 ! middle lobe is r l>g] ?an ! lat]al lobes4 ,! tail is suborbicul>1 convex1 & r less ?an ! head4 ,l5g? ne>ly five in*es4 ,bread? almo/ ?ree in*es4 ,?is magnific5t ,isotelus 0 obta9$ ne> ,tr5ton ,falls1 9 ,new ,york1 by ,p4 ,a4 ,br[ne1 ,esq41 & n[ =ms a "p ( 8 f9e collection ( fossils1 9 ?is city4 ,x occurs 9 black transition lime/one4 ,x diff]s ess5tially f ! ,i4 gigas ( ,dekay1 9 ! magnitude1 collocation1 & cont\r ( ! eyes4 ,^? ( ! ,i4 gigas are oblong & lunate1 & ne>ly half ! di/ance betwe5 ! ant]ior & ! po/]ior edges ( ! buckl]2 ^? ( ! ,i4 ,megalops are n only mu* l>g]1 b !y are r\nd1 & v ne> ! po/]ior bord] ( ! head4 ,isotelus ,/egops4#da ,gre54 ,ca/s ,nos4 #bf & #bg4 ,footnote #da3 ,f two ,greek words1 :i* signify cov]$ eyes4 ,clypeo antice1 caudaque po/ice att5uatis2 cute coreacea punctis m9imis4 ,! head ( ?is species is ne>ly 9 ! =m ( a sph]ical triangle2 its ant]ior edge is v]tically flatt5$ all r\nd1 b does n produce a n>r[ rais$ rim1 su* z is describ$ by ,dr4 ,dekay1 to belong to ! ,i4 gigas4 ,! eyes are prom95t1 & r ne>] ! lat]al edge ( ! buckl]1 ?an to its po/]ior bord]4 ,! %ell ( ! buckl] =ms a rem>kable projection ov] ! top ( ea* oculif]\s tub]cle1 some?+ l an eye-lid4 ,cont9u\s ) ! edge ( ?is cuticul> projection1 !re is a curv$ l9e> depression1 :i* t]m9ates on bo? sides1 at ! edge ( ! buckl]4 ,?is k9d ( suture1 ?\gh rem>kably develop$ 9 ?is species1 is n peculi> to x1 be+ m or less di/9ct 9 mo/ ( ! ,isoteli4 ,! articulations ( ! abdom5 are lo/2 !re c be little d\bt1 h[ev]1 t !y 7 eight 9 numb]4 ,! tail is subtriangul>1 & less 9 magnitude ?an ! buckl]4 ,?is fossil is among ! numb] ( f9e specim5s 9 ! cab9et ( ,j4 ,p4 ,we!rill4 ,x is 9 a roll$ or contract$ attitude1 & is some:at di/ort$4 ,we h giv51 h[ev]1 models ( ! head & ! tail1 9 two di/9ct pieces4 ,! ext]nal %ell1 or calc>e\s cov]+1 is m p]fect 9 ?is specim5 ?an 9 any o!r we h ev] se54 ,a consid]able portion ( ! "u side ( ! ant]ior "p ( ! buckl]1 is also well pres]v$1 & p]fectly co9cides ) ! figure & description giv5 ( x by ,dr4 ,dekay & ,mr4 ,/okes4 ,!re is ano!r fragm5t ( an ,isotelus 9 ! cab9et ( ,mr4 ,we!rill1 %[+ eight articulations ( ! abdom51 :i* probably belongs to ano!r individual ( ?is species4 ,! dorsal %ell is 9 a high /ate ( pres]vation4 ,?is species is emb$d$ 9 clay slate1 & 0 f\nd 9 ,newport1 ,k5tucky4 ,g5us ,cryptoli?us4 ,gre54 ,among ! num]\s organic relics emb$d$ 9 black lime/one at ,tr5ton ,falls1 9 ! ,/ate ( ,new ,york1 !re is (t5 f\nd ! fragm5t ( a trilobite :i* _c prop]ly be ref]r$ to any ( ! g5]a already m5tion$4 ,dr4 ,j4 ,bigsby1 9 8 ,sket* ( ! ,geology ( ! ,isl& ( ,montreal1 has figur$ & describ$ a fossil :i* occurs at t place1 :i* approa*es 9 its specific *>act]s to ! fragm5ts f\nd at ,tr5ton--b he does n sugge/ = 8 relic any "n4 ,pr(essor ,brongni>t has also repres5t$1 plate #d1 figs4 #e & #g ,a4 ,b4 ,c41 ! fragm5ts ( trilobites f ,russia & f ,ll&illo1 9 ,wales1 :i* seem to diff] b little f ^? above notic$1 ^! are also )\t names4 ,"u su* circum/ances1 we h ?\ght x exp$i5t to gr\p ^! relics "u ! g5]ic t]m ( ,cryptoli?us1 a "n analog\s to ,calym5e1 ,asaphus1 ,ogygia1 & ,agno/us1 & :i* may ) propriety be appli$ to ! animal1 %\ld x ev] be discov]$ entire4#db ,footnote #db3 ,s9ce ! above 0 writt51 & ! ,c4 ,tessellatus publi%$1 ,i h receiv$ a f9e specim5 ( ?is trilobite f ,pr(essor ,eaton1 9 an almo/ p]fect /ate1 s t ! entire animal c n[ be describ$4 ,body1 contractile4 ,buckl]1 lunate1 convex1 out] edge surr\nd$ by a semicircul>1 reticulat$1 or tessellat$ bord]4 ,front or middle lobe ( ! buckl] v protub]ant4 ,oculif]\s protub]ances1 none4 ,abdom51 mu* compress$1 trilobate4 ,cryptoli?us ,tessellatus4 ,gre54 ,ca/ ,no4 #bh1 & ,fig4 #d4 ,clypeo rotundato1 fronte valde convexo1 capite antice semicircul>i m>g9e tessellato ornato4 ,outl9e ( ! buckl] hemisph]ical1 ! edge surr\nd$ by a semicircul> bord] ( tessellat$ or r\nd$ punctures1 9 ?ree conc5tric r[s 9 front--on ea* side ne> ! po/]ior angle ( ! buckl]1 ^! r[s ( punctures are m num]\s2 ! front is highly convex2 is r\nd$ be=e1 & gradually tap]s t[>ds ! abdom54 ,! *eeks =m sph]ical triangles1 & are entirely de/itute ( oculif]\s tub]cles or any o!r m>k+s2 _! po/]ior angles project beyond ! sides ( ! abdom54 ,abdom5 & tail v mu* compress$1 & compos$ ( ab\t t5 articulations2 co/al ar*es ( ! lat]al lobes groov$2 tail att5uat$4 ,:ole l5g? half an in*4 ,! ,cryptoli?us ,tessellatus1 resembles a good deal ! ,entomo/racites ,granulatus ( ,wahl5b]g1 & :i* ,dr4 ,d aim an calls ,asaphus ,granulatus4 ,! figure ( ?is animal giv5 by ,brongni>t1 table #c1 fig4 #g1 appe>s to be q imp]fect1 & is v unlike1 except 9 ! buckl]1 ! repres5tation ( ,wahl5b]g's fossil1 giv5 by ,dalman1 table #b1 fig4 #f4 ,?\gh ! angles ( ! buckl] 9 ! ,asaphus ,granulatus are mu* m elongat$ ?an ^? ( ! ,c4 ,tessellatus1 x may p]haps be ano!r species ( ! same g5us4#dc ,footnote #dc3 ,! foll[+1 is ,dr4 ,dalman's description ( ! ,asaphus ,granulatus3-- ,a4 trunco sex>ticulato pygidioque lvibus1 capite antice semicircul>i m>g9e granuloso1 angulis po/icis ext5sis corpore longioribus4 ,animalculum s+ul>e1 inv]sum si inspicitur1 lyram =ma f]e similans4 ,caput antice semicircul>e1 m>g9e di/9cto1 s]ie submonili=mi e granulis approximatis ornato1 discus capitis lvis1 s$ ambitus intra m>g9em punctis elevatis obsitus4 ,hic ambitus1 una cum m>g9e1 truncum quoque amplecti videtur1 ad pygidii bas9 usque1 ubi 9 cornua lvia1 trunco multo longiora1 abit4 ,glabella antice f]e clav=mis1 ad bas9 utr9que emitt5s lobi rudim5tum4 ,truncus brevis lvis segm5tis con/ans tantummodo sex1 rha*ide angu/a4 ,pygidium breve1 rotundatum1 lve2 adeo p>vum ut ne quidem capitis disco respondeat4 ,obs4--,oculos atque suturam facialem ex autopsia describ]e licet4 ,vide ,om4 ,palad]na ell] de sa kallade ,trilobit]na af4 ,j4 ,w4 ,dalman1 pages #ej-d4 ,! animal describ$ & figur$ by ,dr4 ,j4 ,bigsby1 to :i* we h already ref]r$1 seems r diff]5t f our species4 ,8 specim5s 7 f\nd at ,montmor5ci1 ne> ,quebec1 7,canada7 m ?an an in* & a half 9 diamet]4 ,! foll[+ are 8 rem>ks on ?is trilobite4#dd ,! front ( ! buckl] is rem>kably convex1 & has on ea* side ne> ! base1 ?ree v small transv]se l9es1 sc>cely to be call$ depressions1 correspond+ to ! sulci s /rongly m>k$ 9 ! g5us ,calym5e4 ,!re is frequ5tly1 b n univ]sally1 a v m9ute pisi=m process on ! c5tre ( ! front4 ,! :ole upp] edge ( ! buckl] is always surr\nd$ by a v ornam5tal semicircul> bord]1 sometimes semi-elliptical1 ( punctures plac$ 9 ! me%es ( a net-"w 9 high relief & arrang$ close toge!r1 9 rays1 pass+ p]p5dicul>ly f ! buckl] & =m+ at ! same "t :5 obs]v$ transv]sely1 curv$ l9es p>allel to its upp] rim or edge1 except+ at ! sides1 :]e !y div]ge1 leav+ a space occupi$ by o!r l9es ( dott+s1 p>allel to ! =m]1 b spe$ily t]m9at+ on ! *eeks ( ! buckl]4 ,! l9es :i* are complete f side s side1 are f\r 9 numb]4 ,! imp]fect additional ones1 v>y f two to f\r2 ! smalle/ & inn]1 consi/+ only ( two or ?ree punctures4 ,a pla9 edg+ includes ! semicircle ( punctures4 ,9 ! b$s ( ^! ca/s1 ! places ( ! punctures are %[n by small conical elevations1 & ^? ( ! ridges ( ! net-"w1 by correspond+ depressions4 ,footnote #dd3 ,see ,geology ( ! ,isl& ( ,montreal1 9 ,lyceum ( ,nat4 ,hi/ory1 ,n4 ,y4 p4 #bad4 ,%\ld ?is prove to be a di/9ct species1 we propose to call x ,cryptoli?us ,bigsbii4 ,! ,nutta9ia ,conc5trica ( ,pr(essor ,eaton seems also v ne>ly alli$ to ?is species2 he describes x z hav+ f\r or five conc5tric arcs ( punctures 9 front ( ! buckl]1 sep>at$ by alt]nat+ arcs ( f9e elevat$ ridges4 ,! g5us ,nutta9ia1 to :i* he ref]s ?is species1 _c include x1 & ! ,n4 ,sp>sa2 = ^! two relics h sc>cely a s+le ess5tial "* 9 common2 we h1 !re=e1 conf9$ ! g5us ,nutta9ia1 to ! species :i* he calls ,sp>sa4 ,! ,cryptoli?us ,tessellatus is v common at ,tr5ton falls4 ,9 ! transition lime/one at ,gl5n's falls1 9 ! /ate ( ,new ,york1 dur+ a v %ort visit to ?is place1 ,dr4 ,r4 ,h>lan procur$ a l>ge numb] ( ?is fossil1 b only ! buckl]1 ! project+ front ( :i* exhibit$ a pisi=m protub]ance above ! level ( ! /rata4 ,mr4 ,eaton says t ! ,n4 ,conc5trica occurs 9 ! wacke v>iety ( transition ( argillite1 on ! ,*ampla9 canal1 betwe5 ! t[n ( ,wat]=d & ! ,mohawk riv]4 ,! specim5 9 my cab9et1 f :i* our ca/ 0 made1 is f t place4 ,! ,cryptoli?us ,tessellatus occurs also 9 ! lime/one :i*1 accord+ to ,dr4 ,bigsby1 ov]lays ! s&/one 9 ! isl& ( ,montreal4 ,at mo/ ( its localities1 x is associat$ ) ! ,isotelus1 ! ,calym5e1 & ) sev]al species ( ,asaphus4 ,! ,cryptoli?us1 :i* is entirely de/itute ( eyes1 be+ ?us f\nd ) ! oculif]\s species1 is an int]e/+ fact1 & controv]ts ! op9ion ( ,pr(essor ,wahl5b]g1 t ! trilobites1 :i* are )\t eyes belong to a geological epo* m anci5t ?an ^? :i* are furni%$ ) oculi=m tub]cles4 ,t organic rema9s furni% u ) ! mo/ satisfactory evid5ce ( ! id5tity or dissimil>ity ( c]ta9 =mations1 is a disput$ po9t ) "s geologi/s#de ,x _c reasonably be d\bt$1 t new & isolat$ facts h be5 made ! basis ( a too ha/y g5]alization4 ,on ?is subject ,c\nt ,ras\m[sky makes ! foll[+ rem>ks3--,les div]s gisem5s des ,trilobites ne me sembl5t pas non plus p\voir tre dt]m9s avec quelque prcision4 ,m4 ,brongni>t p>ait admettre que les trilobites aveugles ne se tr\v5t que dans de tres anci5nes =mations dans des s*i/es et des calcaires de transitions2 mais n\s avons donn la description d'un trilobite )\t eyes des bords de la ,ya\sa prs de ,mosc[1 qui n'app>ti5t c]ta9em5t pas aux =mations de transition1 ce qui me donn lieu de croire que de n\velles re*]*es et de n\velles obs]vations1 pr\v]ont qu'il n'e/ pas /rictem5t vrai qu'en ,france1 en ,anglet]re1 en ,russie1 il n'exi/e po9t de trilobites entirem5t privs d'yeux1 comme le dit le savant auteur que je vi5s de cit]4 ,see ,annales des ,sci5ces ,naturelles1 ,vol4 #h4 page #aie4 ,footnote #de3 ,see ,eclectic ,review1 = ,july1 #ahcb4 ,g5us ,dipleura4 ,gre54 ,body1 contractile1 n mu* depress$1 & slightly tap]+4 ,buckl]1 pu/ul\s1 trilobate1 *eeks protub]ant1 ) oblique1 annul>1 oculif]\s tub]cles4 ,abdom51 ) f\rte5 articulations1 n lobate1 ! ribs d\ble4 ,tail1 suborbicul>1 n s l>ge z ! buckl]1 cov]$ ) an epid]mis4 ,?is g5us d]ives its "n f two ,greek words1 :i* signify d\ble ribs2 _m ( ! trilobites are ?us *>act]iz$2 b 9 no species1 is ?is organization s rem>kable z 9 ^? :i* belong to ! ,g5us ,dipleura4 ,! expansion ( ! tail resembles1 9 "s degree1 t ( ! ,isotelus1 b o!r obvi\s *>act]s suffici5tly di/+ui% x f t int]e/+ g5us4 ,! fossils arrang$ "u ?is section are l>g] ?an mo/ o!r trilobites4 ,dipleura ,dekayi4 ,gre54 ,ca/s ,no4 #cj1 #ca1 & ,figs4 #h #i4 ,clypeo lunato punctato2 abdom9e quatuordecim articulis duplicibus vix lobatis2 cauda suborbicul>i2 limbo lato convexo integ]rimo2 oculis oblique deflexis4 ,! buckl] is subtriangul>1 & cov]$ ) granulations2 ! ant]ior portion ( our specim5 be+ mutilat$1 we _c det]m9e its =m exactly4 ,! *eeks are v prom95t1 & swell up gradually t[>ds ! oculif]\s protub]ances1 :i* are oblique1 & m>k$ at _! apex ) a depression1 s z to give !m an annul> appe>ance4 ,! abdom5 is cross$ by f\rte5 d\ble di/9ct articulations1 n int]rupt$ 9 _! c\rse1 by ! two longitud9al furr[s1 s common 9 mo/ ( ! trilobites2 b ow+ to c]ta9 curves or irregul>ities 9 ! ribs ne> _! lat]al t]m9ation1 a trilobate appe>ance may 9 "s specim5s be detect$4 ,tail suborbicul>1 convex1 & cov]$ ) a ?ick epid]mis4 ,! specific "n ( ?is species 0 giv5 9 complim5t to ,dr4 ,james ,e4 ,dekay1 ( ,new ,york1 ^: valuable pap] on ! g5us ,isotelus1 fir/ direct$ my att5tion to ! ,am]ican trilobites4 ,! ,d4 ,dekayi has be5 f\nd 9 sev]al di/ricts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 at ,lockport 9 ! ,/ate ( ,new ,york1 x is n uncommon4 ,! small specim5 f :i* our ca/ ( ! abdom5 & caudal end 0 tak51 is 9 ! f9e cab9et ( ,mr4 ,william ,hyde1 :o p]mitt$ me to use x ) 8 wont$ lib]ality & k9dness4 ,x is said to h be5 f\nd 9 ,nor?umb]l&1 ,p5nsylvania1 & occurs 9 grey c>bonate ( lime4 ,9 ! ,philadelphia ,museum1 !re is a f9e fragm5t ( ?is species1 9 :i* !re is emb$d$ "s cry/als ( iron pyrites2 x 0 obta9$ 9 ,ul/] ,c\nty1 ,new ,york4 ,9 ! cab9et ( ! ,academy ( ,natural ,sci5ces1 !re is a longitud9al & holl[ fragm5t1 fill$ ) o*re1 & ! oxide ( iron2 x is labell$ f ,lockport1 ,new ,york4 ,at ,m\nt ,hope ,in/itution1 ne> ,baltimore1 !re is also a good specim5 f ! same locality4 ,9 ! ,cl9ton collection1 own$ by ! ,albany ,in/itute1 !re is a l>ge ext5d$ fragm5t1 ne>ly five in*es long4 ,x is emb$d$ 9 br[n lime/one1 & 0 f\nd 9 ,madison ,c\nty1 ,n4 ,y4 ,!re are twelve articulations ( ! abdom5 rema9+1 & ! epid]mal cov]+ ( ! tail is di/9ctly m>k$ ) num]\s dots4 ,9 ! same collection !re is ano!r l>ge fragm5t ( ?is species1 consi/+ ( ! tail & f\rte5 articulations4 ,x 0 f\nd 9 ,/eub5 ,c\nty1 ,new ,york2 & occurs 9 grey lime/one4 ,x is slightly contract$ & v mu* depress$ lat]ally4 ,!re is also a head 9 ! same k9d ( lime/one1 f ,caz5ovia1 ,madison ,c\nty1 ,new ,york4 ,9 ! cab9et ( ! ,in/itute !re is ano!r specim5 ( ?is species1 ab\t six in*es 9 l5g?1 & ne>ly p]fect2 x is also emb$d$ 9 a simil> rock1 & 0 br\ght f ,ro*e/]1 ,munroe ,c\nty1 ,new ,york4 ,! orig9al ( ! head f :i* our ca/ 0 made1 is 9 ! cab9et ( ,p4 ,a4 ,br[ne1 ,esq41 & 0 f\nd by t ent]pris+ geologi/ ne> ,lehighton1 ,pa4 ,g5us ,trim]us4#df ,gre54 ,footnote #df3 ,f ! ,greek = ?ree divisions4 ,body1 contractile1 tap]+1 compress$4 ,buckl]1 pu/ul\s1 indi/9ctly lobate1 ) only two small elevat$ oculif]\s tub]cles4 ,abdom51 ) ?irte5 di/9ct1 d\ble articulations divid$ into ?ree lobes by a slight longitud9al furr[4 ,flanks1 or lat]al lobes1 n s broad z ! middle lobe4 ,tail1 tap]+ to an obtuse po9t1 pu/ul\s1 & m>k$ ) t5 articulations4 ,?is g5us resembles 9 "s respects bo? ! ,calym5e & ,dipleura4 ,! =m ( ! buckl]1 ! position & /ructure ( ! oculif]\s tub]cles1 & ! sc>cely lobate divisions ( ! abdom51 w readily di/+ui% x f ! ,calym5es4 ,! articulations ( ! tail1 n be+ cov]$ ) a %elly cru/1 is a "* too obvi\s to conf\nd x ) ! g5us ,dipleura4 ,!re is1 we ?9k1 a beautiful *a9 ( gradations ( resemblances1 betwe5 ! ,isotelus1 ,dipleura1 ,hemicrypturus & ,trim]us4 ,! lobes ( ! abdom5 ( ! ,isotelus are v di/9ct1 & ! articulations ( ! tail are hid by a broad ?ick %elly cru/4 ,! lobes 9 ! ,dipleura are sc>cely app>5t1 ! ribs m num]\s2 & ! cov]+ ( ! tail mu* small]4 ,! lobes ( ! ,hemicrypturus are l ^? ( ! ,isotelus2 b ! lat]al ones only ( ! tail are cov]$4 ,9 ! g5us ,trim]us ! lobes are l ^? ( ,dipleura1 b ! articulations ( ! tail are expos$4 ,trim]us ,delph9ocephalus4 ,gre54 ,ca/ ,no4 #cb1 & ,fig4 #a4 ,clypeo semilun>i1 antice compresso2 oculis m9imis1 enim5tissimis2 articulis duplicibus vix lobatis2 cauda att5uata2 corpore tub]culata4 ,9 ! ri* cab9et ( ,am]ican fossils 9 ! ,albany ,in/itute1 !re are two f9e specim5s ( ?is species1 & ,i am indebt$ to t ris+ & lib]al in/itution1 = ! use ( !m 9 ! pres5t "w4 ,our ca/ is made f ! small] & m p]fect specim5 ( ! two4 ,! outl9e ( ! buckl] =ms an irregul> semi-ellipse4 ,! front is convex betwe5 ! eyes1 & v mu* depress$ ant]iorly1 s z to =m a %>p edge4 ,! po/]ior "p ( ! buckl] is m>k$ ) a transv]se groove p>allel ) ! articulations ( ! back4 ,! *eeks are small & triangul>2 ! small elevat$ eye-%ap$ tub]cles be+ plac$ 9 ! middle1 ne>ly equidi/ant f ea* ( ! angles4 ,! eyes are n reticulat$1 ! summit ( ea* tub]cle only pres5t+ a pla9 oval =am54 ,! middle lobe ( ! abdom5 is mu* broad] ?an ! lat]al lobes1 & has #ac di/9ct1 d\ble articulations4 ,! side lobes are curv$1 & ea* co/al ar* is flatt5$ ant]iorly ne> _! l[] extremities1 no d\bt = ! purpose ( enabl+ ! animal to roll itself into a ball4 ,! tail is tap]+1 & is compos$ ( t5 articulations4 ,! cru/ace\s cov]+ is "h m ?ickly deposit$ ?an on any o!r "p4 ,! entire %ell seems to h be5 cov]$ ) m9ute elevat$ dots2 ^! are beautifully di/9ct on ! buckl] & on ! tail4 ,:ole l5g? ( ! specim5 describ$1 n q two in*es4 ,! o!r specim5 ( ?is species 9 ! cab9et ( ! ,albany ,in/itute1 is a l>ge caudal end1 ?ree in*es & a half long1 entirely p]fect4 ,bo? ( ^! fossils 7 br\ght f ,williamsville1 ,niag>a c\nty1 ,new ,york4 ,!y occur 9 a d>k %elly lime/one1 fill$ ) o!r petrifactions4 ,! calc>e\s matt] :i* has m9]aliz$ ! trilobite1 9 ?is in/ance1 z 9 mo/ o!rs1 is ( a mu* d>k] hue ?an ! surr\nd+ rock4 ,g5us ,c]aurus4 ,gre54 ,body1 v mu* depress$1 & slightly tap]+4 ,buckl]1 sc>cely trilobate2 *eeks l>ge1 flat1 ) small remote oculi=m tub]cles2 po/]ior angle ( ! buckl] sp9\s4 ,abdom51 ) twelve articulations4 ,tail1 r\nd$ at ! end1 b t]m9at+ on ea* side ) two slightly curv$ sp9es4 ,! "n ( ?is g5us is d]iv$ f ! rem>kable sp9\s projections f ! caudal end2 ?is peculi> organization sep>ates x widely f ! o!r g5]a4 ,! ,p>adoxides ,sp9ulosus ( ,wahl5b]g1 :i* is suppos$ to be ! old ,entomoli?us ,p>adoxus ( ,l9n1 ! fossil1 ) :i* all ! trilobites 7 = a long "t conf\nd$1 has n only project+ sp9es f ! tail1 b f all ! co/al ar*es ( ! lat]al lobes4 ,! pres5ce ( eyes or ( oculif]\s tub]cles 9 ! ,c]aurus1 w\ld alone be suffici5t to sep>ate x f ! g5us to :i* t int]e/+ fossil belongs4 ,9 ! eigh? volume ( ,annales des ,sci5ces ,naturelles1 ,c\nt ,ras\m[sky has figur$ & describ$ ! fragm5t ( a v curi\s relic1 :i* seems to be an int]m$iate l9k betwe5 our g5us & p>adoxides2 9 addition to a numb] ( filam5t\s elongations ( ! co/al ar*es1 a curv$ sp9e seems to project f ! end ( ! tail1 z 9 ! ,a4 limulurus4 ,no "n is giv5 to ?is trilobite1 :i* appe>s to h be5 f\nd on ! banks ( ! ,ya\sa1 ne> ,mosc[1 :]e x occurs 9 black1 co>se1 argillace\s s*i/us4 ,! ,c]aurus is probably a v r>e animal rema91 z we h only met ) x1 9 ! unrivall$ cab9et ( trilobites belong+ to ! ,albany ,in/itute4 ,c]aurus ,pleurexan!mus4 ,gre54 ,ca/ ,no4 #cc4 ,fig4 #aj4 ,clypeo po/ice arcuato1 angulo ext]no 9 mucronem valde producto2 oculis m9imis remotis1 po/abdom9e 9 sp9am arcuatam acutam utr9que ext5so4 ,! exact cont\r ( ?is species _c be p]fectly asc]ta9$ f our specim52 x seems1 h[ev]1 to h be5 lunate4 ,! horns ( ! cresc5t :i* =m ! po/]ior angles1 are v di/9ct1 & !y project l curv$ sp9es1 "s di/ance on ea* side ( ! head4 ,! middle lobe or front is fa9tly scallop$ on ea* side along ! *eeks4 ,! *eeks are r l>ge1 & are furni%$ ) two small oculi=m tub]cles1 v remote f ea* o!r1 & q ne> to ! ant]ior portion ( ! buckl]4 ,! abdom5 is compos$ ( twelve articulations4 ,! lat]al lobes ( ! abdom5 are flat1 & ea* ( ! ribs1 at ab\t half _! ext5t1 is m>k$ on ! upp] surface1 ) an elevat$ pimple4 ,^! little pu/ules are ne>ly on a l9e ) ! oculif]\s tub]cles ( ! buckl]1 & pres5t two p>allel ranges d[n ! body1 "o on ea* side ( ! middle lobe1 & are t]m9at$ by a curv$ sp9e1 :i* projects to "s di/ance beyond ! tail ( ! animal4 ,l5g? "o in* & a f\r?4 ,?is rem>kable organic relic 0 f\nd ne> ,newport1 9 ! ,/ate ( ,new ,york4 ,x is emb$d$ 9 black lime/one %ale1 & s exce$+ly depress$ is ?is animal1 t a v ?9 lam5 ( ! slate remov$ f ! surface w\ld de/roy e ve/ige ( its appe>ance4 ,i am indebt$ to my e>ly fri5d1 ,pr(essor ,t4 ,r4 ,beck1 = ! use ( ?is valuable petrifaction1 :i* n[ belongs to ! cab9et ( ! ,albany ,in/itute4 ,g5us ,tri>?rus4 ,gre54 ,body1 slightly convex2 contractile8 ,buckl]8 ,abdom51 ) ?ree articulations1 side lobes longitud9al1 n>r[1 & w$ge-%ap$4 ,tail1 broad1 r\nd$1 )\t any membranace\s expansion4 ,! "n ( ?is g5us is d]iv$ f ! circum/ance1 t ! abdom5 has b ?ree articulations2 an organization :i* is v peculi>4 ,^! curi\s fossil animals are v abundant 9 ! rocks 9 :i* !y are f\nd2 b ?\gh ,i h exam9$ a multitude ( specim5s f diff]5t localities1 no ve/ige ( ! head or buckl] c\ld1 on ! mo/ m9ute exam9ation1 be discov]$4 ,:e!r ^! animals1 dur+ _! petrifaction1 7 s contort$ or roll$ up1 z to br+ ! extremities ( ! body toge!r1 9 su* a mann] z to pres5t ! po/]ior fold$ "p only to ! view2 or :e!r ! buckl] has be5 de/roy$ by ! process ( m9]alization1 z appe>s frequ5tly to happ5 ) ! asaphs1 we are at a loss to det]m9e4 ,! animal rema9s :i* belong to ! g5us ,tri>?rus1 diff] s mu* 9 _!' =m & g5]al *>act]s f all ! o!r trilobites1 t we p]haps ought to reg>d !m z =m+ ano!r race ( be+s4 ,!y are1 h[ev]1 m ne>ly alli$ to ?is family ?an ! ,agno/i ( ,pr(essor ,brongni>t4 ,tri>?rus ,beckii4 ,gre54 ,ca/ ,no4 #cd4 ,fig4 #f4 ,cauda subrotunda1 bipunctata2 articulis abdom9is tribus1 absque lobis lat]alibus consuetis1 s$ lobo arcuato utr9que apposito4 ,! only portions ( ?is fossil :i* h yet be5 f\nd1 are ! abdom5 & tail4 ,! abdom5 is compos$ ( ?ree jo9ts2 ! fir/ passes f ! side lobes completely ov] ! body1 & on its upp] surface1 ne> ! middle ( ! back1 !re is (t5 a m9ute elevat$ pimple4 ,! o!r two1 pass obliquely f ! lat]al lobes1 & are int]rupt$ 9 _! c\rse ov] ! body4 ,! tail1 or po/]ior portion1 is exp&$1 some?+ l t ( ! ,isotelus or ,dipleura1 & has a deep puncture on ea* side1 ab\t half ! di/ance betwe5 its t]m9al bord] & ! la/ articulation ( ! abdom54 ,! lat]al lobes are unlike ^? ( any o!r g5us4 ,!y =m n>r[ cunei=m app5dages to ! sides2 ne> ! fir/ jo9t ( ! abdom5 !y are cross$ transv]sely by an elevat$ ridge1 f :i* !y gradually tap] along ! sides ( ! body1 & appe> to inosculate 9 a delicate po9t at ! c5tral bord] ( ! tail4 ,! abdom9al articulations d n pass ov] ^! lobes1 b j bel[ ! la/ jo9t1 a little transv]se furr[1 9 p]fect specim5s1 may be notic$4 ,! l>ge/ specim5 ( ?is fragm5t ,i h se5 is exactly half an in* 9 l5g?4 ,?is fossil occurs 9 black %aly lime/one1 on ! canal ne> ,cahooes ,falls1 9 ! ,/ate ( ,new ,york1 & at a numb] ( o!r places 9 t ,/ate4 ,i h nam$ ?is species 9 complim5t to my e>ly fri5d1 ,pr(essor ,!odore ,romeyn ,beck1 ,m4 ,d41 well kn[n bo? at home & abroad1 z ! le>n$ au?or ( ! "w on ,m$ical ,jurisprud5ce4 ,"s "t aft] comm5c+ ?is little ,monograph1 ,i communicat$ my plan to ,dr4 ,beck1 & 0 surpris$ & gratifi$ to f9d t he 0 also engag$ ) ! same inquiries1 & t he 0 !n busy 9 arrang+ & exam9+ ! unique collection ( trilobites belong+ to ! ,albany ,in/itute4 ,)\t ! smalle/ hesitation1 he plac$ all 8 specim5s at my disposal1 & has facilitat$ o!rwise my und]tak+1 by e means 9 8 p[]4 ,g5us ,nutta9ia4 ,eaton4 ,pr(essor ,a4 ,eaton1 9 8 ,geological ,text ,book1 has propos$ ! ,g5us ,nutta9ia1 to include two rem>kable trilobites :i* c\ld n prop]ly be arrang$ 9 any ( ! previ\sly e/abli%$ g5]a4 ,! two fossils "h gr\p$ toge!r1 be> no g5]ic relation to ea* o!r4 ,! fir/ species :i* he calls ,n4 ,conc5trica1 belongs to ! g5us ,cryptoly?us1 :i* 0 propos$ be=e ! appe>ance ( 8 "w1 & has !re=e be5 notic$ 9 ano!r place4 ,! g5us ,nutta9ia is ?us *>act]iz$ by its au?or3 ,head 9 ?ree lobes1 ! middle "o mo/ prom95t2 ! two lat]al lobes sub-hemisph]ical1 or sub-quadrantal2 ! :ole head bord]$ ant]iorly ) a punctur$ fillet2 body di/9ctly ?ree lob$1 middle lobe sub-cyl9dric1 & n s broad z ! side lobes4 ,nutta9ia ,sp>sa4 ,eaton4 ,ca/ ,no4 #ce4 ,fillet ne>ly /raight 9 front ( ! middle lobe ( ! head1 punctures ( ! fillet scatt]$ irregul>ly1 )\t any alt]nat+ ridges2 head compress$1 cov]$ ) scatt]$ punctures1 hav+ its side lobes mu* small] ?an ! middle "o2 middle lobe ) /raight sides1 giv+ x some:at ! =m ( a p>allelogram4 ,f\nd 9 ?ird grauwacke1#dg or grit slate 9 ,coeymans1 sixte5 miles s\?-we/ ( ,albany4 ,i h ! head ( "o be=e me two & a half in*es broad1 & "o & a half long4 ,! :ole ( ! animal mu/ h be5 six or sev5 in*es 9 l5g?4 ,footnote #dg3 ,9 a manuscript note1 ,pr(essor ,eaton /ates t ! ?ird grauwacke1 or grit slate ( ,coeymans1 alt]nates ) ! und]lay+ *]ty lime rock4 ,?is op9ion "s ( our geological fri5ds1 famili> ) ! =mation at ,coeymans1 & ) ! ,pr(essor's nom5clature ( rocks1 h call$ 9 "q4 ,! above acc\nt is copi$ f ! ,text ,book4 ,mr4 ,eaton 0 k9d en\gh to l5d me ! only specim5 ( ?is curi\s fossil rema91 :i* has yet be5 f\nd2 f :i* 8 description 0 tak51 & ( :i* our ca/ is an exact copy4 ,8 g5]ic *>act]s d n 9 our op9ion at all apply to ?is fragm5t4 ,no?+ b ! head ( ?is s+ul> trilobite rema9s1 & x is d\btful :e!r :at is said to be ! punctur$ fillet1 ne>ly /raight 9 front ( ! middle lobe1 be n ! comm5cem5t ( ! articulations ( ! abdom54 ,! :ole fragm5t looks v mu* l ! head ( "s l>ge ,asaph or ,ogygia4 ,g5us ,brongniatia4 ,eaton4 ,pr(essor ,eaton has propos$ ! "n ,brongniatia 7,brongni>tia87 = a g5us ( trilobites1 :i* we ?9k he has n def9$ ) suffici5t accuracy to be ( any practical use4 ,! ,isotelus gigas ( ,dr4 ,dekay1 :i* has be5 = a long "t s well e/abli%$1 is "h rank$ m]ely z a species "u ! "n ( ,b4 isotela4 ,! relic :i* we describ$ be=e ! ,geological ,text ,book appe>$ z ! ,tri>?rus ,beckii1 =ms ! species ,b4 c>c9odea--& ! trilobite :i* is suppos$ to be ! ,asaphus platycephalus ( ,/okes1 is ! only o!r species m5tion$4 ,! ,a4 platycephalus1#dh we "k to be id5tical ) ! ,i4 gigas1 & z ! animal rema9 describ$ by ,mr4 ,eaton is entirely diff]5t f ,dr4 ,dekay's f9e species1 we subjo9 ! acc\nt giv5 9 ! ,text ,book4 ,footnote #dh3 ,= a figure & description ( ! ,asaphus ,platycephalus1 by ,mr4 ,/okes1 see ,transactions ( ! ,geological ,society4 ,second ,s]ies1 vol4 i4 ,g5us ,brongniatia--,=e abdom5 always1 & po/ abdom5 9 "s cases1 longitud9ally divid$ into ?ree lobes1 by regul> s]ies ( undulations trav]s+ ! jo9ts1 )\t grooves2 articulations ( ! side lobes be+ manife/ cont9uations ( ^? ( ! middle lobe1 & consequ5tly1 agree+ 9 numb]4 ,brongniatia ,platycephala4 ,eaton4 ,head & =e abdom5 v broad & depress$1 ! abdom5 ) t5 jo9ts curv$ =w>ds at ! undulations2 po/ abdom5 & tail ) ab\t fifte5 jo9ts curv$ backw>ds at ! undulations2 ! ?ree lobes ( ! tail m di/9ctly sep>at$2 divisions betwe5 ! jo9ts ( ! abdom5 d\ble4 ,! repres5tation ( ,b4 platycephala1 figure #bj1 plate #b1 ( ! ,geological ,text ,book1 if x be accurately drawn1 is c]ta9ly ( a trilobite nev] be=e describ$4 ,on ! buckl]1 :i* is )\t eyes1 !re is del9eat$ a figure1 n unlike "s ( ! leaves ( ! mulb]ry tree4 ,! tail is also v peculi>4 ,9 ,silliman's ,j\rnal1 ,volume #ba/1 page #acf1 ,pr(essor ,eaton propos$ = ?is curi\s fossil ! tempor>y "n ( ,ogygies latissimus4 ,x is f\nd1 he obs]ves1 9 ! upp] s(t slaty v>iety ( ! rock :i* has be5 s successfully us$ = ! lias cem5t at ,*itt5+o1 c4 ,dr ,smi?1 ( ,lockport1 7,n4 ,y47 s5t me two specim5s1 tak5 f a cont9uation ( ! ,*itt5+o lias rock1 imm$iately b5ea? ! geodif]\s lime rock on :i* ! *]ty 7cornitif]\s7 reposes4 ,! :ole animal is six in*es long1 & ?ree broad4 ,nature ( ! ,trilobite4 ,e "o famili> ) ! hi/ory ( ! ,trilobites1 is aw>e t a good deal ( controv]sy has exi/$ among naturali/s1 respect+ ! precise l9k 9 ! gr& *a9 ( organiz$ be+s1 ^! s+ul> fossil animals1 %\ld occupy4 ,pr(essor ,brongni>t1 ,dr4 ,dekay1 ,audo91 & sev]al o!r acute obs]v]s1 h plac$ !m 9 ! vic9ity ( ! ,limuli1 & o!r ,entomo/raca ) num]\s feet2 :ile ,p4 ,a4 ,latreille & o!rs1 presum+ t ^! animals 7 de/itute ( locomotive organs1 z no ve/ige ( !m has ev] be5 discov]$1 fix _! natural position 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ! ,*itones2 or r t !y con/itut$ ! orig9al /ock ( ! ,articulata1 be+ connect$ on ! "o h& ) ^! latt] ,mollusca1 & on ! o!r ) ^? fir/ m5tion$1 & ev5 ) ! ,glom]is4#di ,x 0 our orig9al int5tion to h clos$ ?is ,monograph ) a %ort hi/ory ( ^! !ories--& ( ! notion advanc$ by ,latreille & o!rs1 t ! ,trilobites h be5 annihilat$ by "s anci5t revolution ( our planet4 ,all ^! matt]s1 we ?9k1 are n[ put to re/ by ! late discov]y ( "s liv+ ,trilobites 9 ! s\!rn seas1 ne> ! ,falkl& ,isl&s4 ,9 ! cab9et ( ! ,albany ,in/itute1 we h exam9$ "s ( ^! rec5t animals1 :i* h v ne>ly ! size & g5]al appe>ance ( ! ,p>adoxides ,boltoni1 z repres5t$ on our frontispiece2 ! species _c1 h[ev]1 belong to t g5us1 z ! buckl] is furni%$ ) eyes v simil> to ^? ( ! ,calym5e ,bufo2 its organs ( locomotion are %ort1 num]\s1 & conceal$ "u ! %ell--b ,i d n feel at lib]ty to notice ! int]e/+ animal m m9utely4 ,x w probably be describ$ & figur$ %ortly1 9 a p]fectly full & satisfactory mann]1 by ,dr4 ,james ,eights1 ! ent]pris+ discov]]1 toge!r ) sev]al o!r new & rem>kable g5]a & species belong+ to ! ,entomo/raca4 ,footnote #di3 ,see ,cuvi]'s ,animal ,k+dom1 vol4 iii4 pp4 #ace-f4 ,,f9is4 ,index to ! ,species4 -------- ,,calym5e ,blum5ba*ii1 page #bh ,callicephala1 #cj ,sel5ecephala1 #ca ,platys1 #cb ,microps1 #cd ,an*iops1 #ce ,diops1 #cg ,macroph?alma1 #ci ,bufo1 #da ,rana1 #db ,,asaphus ,latico/atus1 #de ,sel5urus1 #df ,limulurus1 #dh ,caudatus1 #ej ,hausmanni1 #eb ,pleuroptyx1 #ee ,micrurus1 #ef ,we!rilli1 #eg ,,p>adoxides ,boltoni1 #fj ,,ogygia ,sillimani1 #fc ,,isotelus ,gigas1 #fg ,planus1 #fh ,cyclops1 #fi ,megalops1 #gj ,/egops1 #ga ,,cryptoli?us ,tessellatus1 #gc ,bigsbii1 #gf ,,dipleura ,dekayi1 #gi ,,trim]us ,delph9ocephalus1 #hb ,,c]aurus ,pleurexan!mus1 #hd ,,tri>?rus ,beckii1 #hg ,,nutta9ia ,sp>sa1 #hi ,,brongniatia ,platycephala1 #ia ,,joseph ,,brano1 ,no4 #ab1 ,,ca/le ,,/reet1 ,,philadelphia1 ,tea*] ( ! ,art ( ,prep>+ ,birds1 ,quadrup$s1 ,reptiles1 c4 c4 ,,& ,,( ,,! ,art ( mak+ ,m\lds & ,ca/s 9 ,wax1 ,pla/]1 & ,compositions4 ,9 addition to ! ca/s tak5 f ! orig9als ( ! ,trilobites1 he has also a few f9e ca/s ( ! bones ( ! ,megalonix ,laqueatus1 ,h>lan4--,scaphites ,cuvi]i1 ,morton4--,mosasaurus too?1 & ( sev]al r>e fossil ,am]ican ,plants2--all tak5 f ! orig9al fossils1 9 ! ,cab9et ( ! ,academy ( ,natural ,sci5ces1 c4 c4 ,^! models are fac similes ( ! real objects1 col\r$ accord+ to nature4 ,z ! orig9als ( ! above are 9 ! possession ( diff]5t public & private cab9ets ?r\gh\t ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,i h at great tr\ble & exp5se1 tak5 f !m exact patt]ns1 s z to accommodate museums & sci5tific g5tlem5 ) !m on v reasonable t]ms4 ,?is practice is n[ us$ 9 sev]al p>ts ( ,europe2 & ?us ! curi\s are able to supply _! cab9ets ) r>e specim5s1 (t5 sup]ior to ! orig9als4 ---- ,,joseph ,,brano hav+ f9i%$ = u a numb] ( models ( diff]5t objects 9 ,natural ,hi/ory1 we h no hesitation 9 recomm5d+ him z an exce$+ly skilful arti/4 ,jacob ,gre51 ,m4 ,d4 ,ri*'d4 ,h>lan1 ,m4 ,d4 ,p4 ,a4 ,br[ne1 ,,esq4 ,*as4 ,a4 ,p\lson4 ,isaac ,p>ri%1 ,m4 ,d4 ,s4 ,g4 ,morton1 ,m4 ,d4 ,philadelphia1 ,octob] #c;d1 #ahcb4 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcrib] ,note ,m9or typos correct$4 ,! quotation on page #ia has be5 correct$ bas$ on ! orig9al article f\nd at ,! ,int]net ,ar*ive4