,this e,book was produced by ,david ,schwan davidschearthlink4net4 ,the ,sculpture and ,mural ,decorations of the ,exposition ,a ,pictorial ,survey of the ,art of the ,panama-,pacific ,international ,exposition ,described by ,stella ,g4 ,s4 ,perry ,with an ,introduction by ,a4 ,stirling ,calder1 ,n4 ,a4 ,acting ,chief of ,sculpture of the ,exposition ,paul ,elder and ,company ,publishers - ,san ,francisco ,copyright1 #aiae1 by ,paul ,elder ,company ,san ,francisco ,the courtesy of the ,cardinell-,vincent ,company1 official photographers of the ,panama-,pacific ,international ,exposition1 of granting permission to reproduce the selection of official photographs appearing in this volume1 is gratefully acknowledged4 ,to the ,memory of ,karl ,bitter ,when ,i have fears that ,i may cease to be ,before my pen has glean'd my teeming brain1 ,before high-piled books1 in charactery1 ,hold like rich garners the full ripen'd grain2 ,when ,i behold1 upon the night's starr'd face1 ,huge cloudy symbols of a high romance1 ,and think that ,i may never live to trace ,their shadows1 with the magic hand of chance2 ,and when ,i feel1 fair creature of an hour1 ,that ,i shall never look upon thee more1 ,never have relish in the faery power ,of unreflecting love2 then on the shore ,of the wide world ,i stand alone1 and think ,till love and fame to nothingness do sink4 -,keats ,contents ,sonnet4 ,keats ,the ,sculpture and ,mural ,decorations of the ,exposition4 ,a4 ,stirling ,calder1 ,n4 ,a4 ,illustrations ,exposition ,sculpture ,the ,mother of ,tomorrow - ,detail from the ,nations of the ,west4 ,cardinell-,vincent1 photo4 7,frontispiece47 ,fountain of ,energy - ,central ,group1 ,south ,gardens4 ,pillsbury ,pictures ,equestrian ,group - ,detail1 ,fountain of ,energy4 ,cardinell-,vincent1 photo ,north ,sea-,atlantic ,ocean - ,details1 ,fountain of ,energy4 ,cardinell-,vincent1 photo ,mermaid ,fountain - ,festival ,hall1 ,south ,gardens4 ,cardinell-,vincent1 photo ,torch ,bearer - ,finial ,figure1 ,festival ,hall4 ,cardinell-,vincent1 photo ,the ,muse and ,pan - ,pylon ,group1 ,festival ,hall4 ,w4 ,zenis ,newton1 photo ,boy ,pan - ,detail1 ,pylon ,group1 ,festival ,hall4 ,cardinell-,vincent1 photo ,detail1 ,spire ,base1 ,palace of ,horticulture4 ,cardinell-,vincent1 photo ,cortez - ,in ,front of ,tower of ,jewels4 ,j4 ,l4 ,padilla1 photo ,pizarro - ,in ,front of ,tower of ,jewels4 ,william ,hood1 photo ,the ,pioneer - ,avenue of ,palms4 ,w4 ,zenis ,newton1 photo ,the ,end of the ,trail - ,avenue of ,palms4 ,w4 ,zenis ,newton1 photo ,historic ,types - ,finial ,figures1 ,tower of ,jewels4 ,cardinell-,vincent1 photo ,fountain of ,youth - ,colonnade1 ,tower of ,jewels4 ,w4 ,zenis ,newton1 photo ,fountain of ,el ,dorado - ,colonnade1 ,tower of ,jewels4 ,w4 ,zenis ,newton1 photo ,frieze - ,details1 ,fountain of ,el ,dorado4 ,cardinell-,vincent1 photo ,nations of the ,east - ,group1 ,arch of the ,rising ,sun4 ,gabriel ,moulin1 photo ,pegasus - ,spandrels1 ,east and ,west ,arches4 ,cardinell-,vincent1 photo ,the ,stars - ,a ,detail of the ,colonnade4 ,cardinell-,vincent1 photo ,earth - ,detail1 one of ,the ,elements4 ,cardinell-,vincent1 photo ,the ,signs of the ,zodiac - ,frieze on the ,corner ,pavilions4 ,cardinell-,vincent1 photo ,nations of the ,west - ,group1 ,arch of the ,setting ,sun4 ,cardinell-,vincent1 photo ,enterprise - ,detail1 ,nations of the ,west4 ,cardinell-,vincent1 photo ,dance - ,balustrade1 ,court of the ,universe4 ,cardinell-,vincent1 photo ,the ,rising ,sun - ,fountain1 ,court of the ,universe4 ,w4 ,zenis ,newton1 photo ,column of ,progress - ,in the ,forecourt of the ,stars4 ,cardinell-,vincent1 photo ,frieze - ,base1 ,column of ,progress4 ,cardinell-,vincent1 photo ,primitive ,ages - ,altar ,tower1 ,court of ,ages4 ,cardinell-,vincent1 photo ,primitive ,man - ,arcade ,finial1 ,court of ,ages4 ,cardinell-,vincent1 photo ,fountain of ,earth - ,central ,group1 ,court of ,ages4 ,w4 ,zenis ,newton1 photo ,survival of the ,fittest - ,a ,panel1 ,fountain of ,earth4 ,cardinell-,vincent1 photo ,lesson of ,life - ,a ,panel1 ,fountain of ,earth4 ,cardinell-,vincent1 photo ,helios - ,separate ,group1 ,fountain of ,earth4 ,cardinell-,vincent1 photo ,water ,sprites - ,base of ,column1 ,court of ,ages4 ,cardinell-,vincent1 photo ,a ,daughter of the ,sea - ,north ,aisle1 ,court of ,ages4 ,w4 ,zenis ,newton1 photo ,the ,fairy - ,finial ,figure1 ,italian ,towers4 ,cardinell-,vincent1 photo ,flower ,girl - ,niche1 ,court of ,flowers4 ,cardinell-,vincent1 photo ,beauty and the ,beast - ,fountain ,detail1 ,court of ,flowers4 ,cardinell-,vincent1 photo ,caryatid - ,court of ,palms4 ,cardinell-,vincent1 photo ,the ,harvest - ,court of the ,four ,seasons4 ,cardinell-,vincent1 photo ,rain - ,court of the ,four ,seasons4 ,cardinell-,vincent1 photo ,fountain of ,spring - ,court of the ,four ,seasons4 ,cardinell-,vincent1 photo ,fountain of ,winter - ,court of the ,four ,seasons4 ,cardinell-,vincent1 photo ,fountain of ,ceres - ,forecourt of the ,four ,seasons4 ,w4 ,zenis ,newton1 photo ,the ,genius of ,creation - ,central ,group1 ,avenue of ,progress4 ,cardinell-,vincent1 photo ,the ,genius of ,mechanics - ,column ,friezes1 ,machinery ,hall4 ,cardinell-,vincent1 photo ,the ,powers - ,column ,finials1 ,machinery ,hall4 ,w4 ,zenis ,newton1 photo ,pirate ,deck-hand - ,niches1 ,north ,facade of ,palaces4 ,cardinell-,vincent1 photo ,from ,generation to ,generation - ,palace of ,varied ,industries4 ,cardinell-,vincent1 photo ,the ,man ,with the ,pick - ,palace of ,varied ,industries4 ,cardinell-,vincent1 photo ,the ,useful ,arts - ,frieze over ,south ,portals4 ,cardinell-,vincent1 photo ,triumph of the ,field - ,niches1 ,west ,facade of ,palaces4 ,cardinell-,vincent1 photo ,worship - ,altar of ,fine ,arts ,rotunda4 ,ralph ,stackpole1 photo ,the ,struggle for the ,beautiful - ,frieze1 ,fine ,arts ,rotunda4 ,cardinell-,vincent1 photo ,guardian of the ,arts - ,attic of ,fine ,arts ,rotunda4 ,cardinell-,vincent1 photo ,priestess of ,culture - ,within the ,fine ,arts ,rotunda4 ,cardinell-,vincent1 photo ,frieze - ,flower-boxes1 ,fine ,arts ,colonnade4 ,j4 ,l4 ,padilla1 photo ,exhibit ,sculpture ,the ,pioneer ,mother - ,exhibit1 ,fine ,arts ,colonnade4 ,w4 ,zenis ,newton1 photo ,lafayette - ,exhibit1 ,fine ,arts ,rotunda4 ,w4 ,zenis ,newton1 photo ,thomas ,jefferson - ,exhibit1 ,fine ,arts ,rotunda4 ,cardinell-,vincent1 photo ,lincoln - ,exhibit1 ,south ,approach4 ,cardinell-,vincent1 photo ,earle ,dodge ,memorial - ,exhibit1 ,fine ,arts ,rotunda4 ,gabriel ,moulin1 photo ,fountain - ,foyer1 ,palace of ,fine ,arts4 ,gabriel ,moulin1 photo ,wildflower - ,garden ,exhibit1 ,colonnade4 ,w4 ,zenis ,newton1 photo ,the ,boy ,with the ,fish - ,garden ,exhibit1 ,colonnade4 ,w4 ,zenis ,newton1 photo ,young ,diana - ,garden ,exhibit1 ,colonnade4 ,pillsbury ,pictures ,young ,pan - ,garden ,exhibit1 ,colonnade4 ,cardinell-,vincent1 photo ,fighting ,boys - ,garden ,exhibit1 ,colonnade4 ,w4 ,zenis ,newton1 photo ,duck ,baby - ,garden ,exhibit1 ,colonnade4 ,w4 ,zenis ,newton1 photo ,muse ,finding the ,head of ,orpheus - ,garden ,exhibit1 ,colonnade4 ,w4 ,zenis ,newton1 photo ,diana - ,garden ,exhibit1 ,south ,lagoon4 ,w4 ,zenis ,newton1 photo ,eurydice - ,garden ,exhibit1 ,colonnade4 ,w4 ,zenis ,newton1 photo ,wood ,nymph - ,garden ,exhibit1 ,colonnade4 ,w4 ,zenis ,newton1 photo ,l',amour - ,garden ,exhibit1 ,colonnade4 ,w4 ,zenis ,newton1 photo ,an ,outcast - ,garden ,exhibit1 ,colonnade4 ,gabriel ,moulin1 photo ,the ,sower - ,garden ,exhibit1 ,colonnade4 ,w4 ,zenis ,newton1 photo ,the ,bison - ,garden ,exhibit1 ,south ,approach ,w4 ,zenis ,newton1 photo ,the ,scout - ,garden ,exhibit1 ,south ,lagoon ,w4 ,zenis ,newton1 photo ,the ,thinker - ,exhibit1 ,court of ,french ,pavilion4 ,w4 ,zenis ,newton1 photo ,mural ,decorations ,earth - ,fruit ,pickers4 ,court of ,ages4 ,w4 ,zenis ,newton1 photo ,fire - ,industrial ,fire4 ,court of ,ages4 ,w4 ,zenis ,newton1 photo ,water - ,fountain ,motive4 ,court of ,ages4 ,w4 ,zenis ,newton1 photo ,air - ,the ,windmill4 ,court of ,ages4 ,w4 ,zenis ,newton1 photo ,half ,dome - ,court of the ,four ,seasons4 ,gabriel ,moulin1 photo ,art ,crowned by ,time - ,court of the ,four ,seasons4 ,gabriel ,moulin1 photo ,the ,seasons - ,court of the ,four ,seasons4 ,gabriel ,moulin1 photo ,westward ,march of ,civilization - ,arch1 ,nations of the ,west4 ,gabriel ,moulin1 photo ,discovery - ,the ,purchase4 ,tower of ,jewels4 ,gabriel ,moulin1 photo ,ideals of ,emigration - ,arch1 ,nations of the ,east4 ,gabriel ,moulin1 photo ,the ,golden ,wheat - ,rotunda1 ,palace of ,fine ,arts4 ,gabriel ,moulin1 photo ,oriental ,art - ,rotunda1 ,palace of ,fine ,arts4 ,gabriel ,moulin1 photo ,the ,arts of ,peace - ,netherlands ,pavilion4 ,gabriel ,moulin1 photo ,penn's ,treaty with the ,indians - ,pennsylvania ,building4 ,clayton ,williams1 photo ,return from the ,crusade - ,court1 ,italian ,pavilion4 ,cardinell-,vincent1 photo ,the ,riches of ,california - ,tea ,room1 ,california ,building4 ,gabriel ,moulin1 photo ,the ,sculpture and ,mural ,decorations of the ,exposition ,the ,sculpture and ,mural ,decorations ,in this fair world of dreams and vagary1 ,where all is weak and clothed in failing forms1 ,where skies and trees and beauties speak of change1 ,and always wear a garb that's like our minds1 ,we hear a cry from those who are about ,and from within we hear a quiet voice ,that drives us on to do1 and do1 and do4 ,the persistent necessity for creation is strikingly proved by the prolific output of the ,arts4 ,year after year1 as we whirl through space on our mysterious destiny1 undeterred by apparent futility1 the primal instinct for the visualization of dreams steadily persists4 ,good or bad1 useful or useless1 it must be satisfied4 ,it amounts to a law1 like the attraction of the sexes4 ,discouraged in some directions1 it will out in others1 never permanently satisfied4 ,each age and people must have its own art as well as what remains of the arts of past ages and peoples - in spite of scant patronage1 commercial limitation1 and critics' hostility4 ,the philosopher tells us that everything has been done1 yet we must do it again - personally4 ,art is so much a part of life that to discourage it is to discourage life itself - as if one would say3 ,others have lived2 all imaginable kinds of life have been lived4 ,therefore it is unnecessary for you to experience life4 ,the plastic and pictorial decoration of an ,exposition offer unusual opportunity to the ,artist1 at the same time imposing handicaps - the briefness of time1 the poverty of material4 ,it affords chances for experiment1 invention1 and originality only limited by the necessary formal settings of the architecture1 out of proportion to the initiative of the artists1 a majority of whom prefer1 either from inclination or necessity1 to take the safe course1 the beaten path of precedent4 ,artists are of two kinds - the ,imitators and the ,innovators4 ,the public also is of two corresponding kinds - those who accept only what they have learned to regard as good1 preferring imitations of it to anything requiring the acquisition of a new viewpoint2 and that other kind1 receptive to new sensations4 ,the first class is the more numerous1 which explains why most of our art1 in fact most of all art1 is imitative - that is1 imitative of the works of other artists4 ,the sculpture and mural decorations of the buildings and grounds of the ,exposition adequately represent the output of ,american art today4 ,it is the best possible collection under existent conditions4 ,its many sources of inspiration - all ,european1 like the sources of our racial origin - are clothed in outward resemblances of the styles and tinged with the thought of the masters1 old and new1 who constitute ,precedent4 ,thus1 in sculpture we have imitations1 conscious or unconscious1 of the ,greek1 of ,michael ,angelo1 ,donatello1 ,rodin1 ,barye1 ,meunier1 ,saint ,gaudens2 in painting1 of ,besnard1 ,merson1 ,monet1 et cetera1 as well as some more complex personal notes1 more difficult to relate1 although they too are related in the main1 adding only another variation of character to the great mass of human ideality4 ,as in nature1 there is nothing absolutely pure - nothing that can exist totally unrelated to the whole - so it is in art4 ,its works should be judged1 not by their absolute adherence to any so-called standard1 but finally by the appeal they make to the receptive and unprejudiced mind4 ,be brave1 ,mr4 ,critic - ,madame ,public1 think for yourself1 at the risk of ridicule4 ,be not ashamed to admire what appeals1 before learning its author1 and when it no longer appeals leave it without remorse4 ,in this introduction to the sculpture of the ,exposition1 it is unusually fitting that grateful recognition be accorded the memory of the sculptor whose lively faith in our growth1 and tireless energy first launched the enterprise4 ,karl ,bitter possessed more than any other ,american sculptor that breadth of vision that enabled him to discern talent - that generosity that enabled him to give praise where he believed it due - that suppleness of mind that could comprehend new concepts - and that sense of justice that avoided no obligation4 ,such an unusual combination of faculties defined a man broader and more profound than his broad achievement - one of the rare personalities in our ,art1 the most this exponent that sculpture has known in this land4 ,in the initial stages of planning1 his fiery initiative and amazing grasp of detail commanded attention1 speedily resulting in the first general plan of the sculpture of the buildings and grounds2 while later his tenacity and generosity assured the completed unity1 as it now stands4 ,forty-four sculptors contributed designs1 the subjects of which were assigned to the number of seventy-eight items1 some of which comprise compositions involving a score of figures4 ,the number of replicas used as repeated architectural motifs in order to create an effect of richness necessitated by the styles of architecture1 is very numerous4 ,vitality and exuberance1 guided by a distinct sense of order1 are the dominant notes of the ,arts of the ,exposition and pre-eminently of the sculpture4 ,it proclaims with no uncertain voice that all is right with this ,western world - it is not too much to claim that it supplies the humanized ideality for which the ,exposition stands - the daring1 boasting masterful spirits of enterprise and imagination - the frank enjoyment of physical beauty and effort - the fascination of danger2 as well as the gentler1 more reverent of our attitudes1 to this mysterious problem that is ,life4 ,one of the strongest influences the sculpture will have will be in the direction of a new impulse to inventive decoration4 ,this field has remained relatively undeveloped1 partly owing to our fondness for the portrait idea1 but the direction is legitimate and worthy4 ,architecture1 which is the growth of a selective precedence1 must be continually supplied with new impulses - new blood to re-energize1 rehumanize its conventions - and on the other hand1 all such new impulses must be trained into order with architecture4 ,within the last few years a school devoted to the development of this1 as it might be styled1 applied sculpture1 has been maintained by a group of public-spirited architects under the management of the ,society of ,beaux ,arts ,architects and the ,national ,sculpture ,society of the ,united ,states of ,america4 ,the ,star ,goddess on the colonnades of the ,court of the ,universe amounts to a definite creation of a new type of repeated architectural finial - a human figure conventionalized to be come architecturally static - yet not so devitalized as to be inert4 ,based on another style of architecture the finials of the cloister of the ,court of ,ages serve a correspondingly related purpose1 and the crouching figures on columns in this court are excellent examples of decorative crestings4 ,the groups of the ,nations of the ,east and the ,nations of the ,west are new types in motif and composition of arch-crowning groups - to be seen in silhouette against the sky at all points4 ,both of these are grandly successful solutions of problems never before attempted since the ancients imposed the quadriga form of composition4 ,they were first of all made possible by the receptive attitude of the distinguished architects1 ,messrs4 ,mc,kim1 ,mead and ,white - which proves conclusively to me that those who are most versed in the various forms of antique arts are also those who are most capable of accepting the application of new motifs when sufficiently proven1 and of quickly assimilating genuine contributions to the growth of progressive art4 ,by so doing they lend to them all that wealth of refined elegance that has come down through the ages4 ,this acceptance in itself is fraught with much encouragement to the growing school of public sculpture that aims to understand the principles of co-operation and to weld them to an ideal4 ,the above is true also of the ,column of ,progress1 which was again made possible by the instant comprehension of the architect1 ,mr4 ,w4 ,symmes ,richardson4 ,the ,column illustrates a new use for an ancient motif4 ,a type of monument which while distinctly architectural in mass has been humanized by the use of sculpture embodying a modern poetic idea4 ,now1 ,mr4 ,critic1 it does not matter in the least whether you care for this idea or not4 ,the fact remains1 and is all important1 that as a type of sculptured column it is new and fills architectural and aesthetic requirements1 so that other columns of the same or kindred types will be designed4 ,the ,fountain of ,energy and the ,fountain of the ,earth are the two original fountain compositions4 ,by which is meant that while there are many other very charming fountains on the grounds they are distinctly conceived within the rules of precedent and offer no new suggestion of type4 ,an exposition is the proper place to offer new types in design and execution and happy are they who accept the challenge4 ,the fountains in the ,court of the ,universe are examples of how the charm of sculpture can vitalize architectural conventions4 ,the crowning figures of these fountains1 representations of the ,rising and the ,setting ,suns1 have achieved great popularity4 ,the still potent charm of archaic methods applied to modern uses is well illustrated in the groups of the ,dance and of ,music on the terraces of the ,court of the ,universe4 ,again on the rotunda of the ,fine ,arts ,palace and elsewhere this tendency crops out and always with the assurance of pleasing4 ,the group representing the ,genius of ,creation lends a modifying note of refinement against the vigorous ,western facade of ,machinery ,building1 and adds much to the interest of the vistas north and south of the ,avenue of ,progress4 ,there are figures and reliefs of genuine feeling that do not gain by resemblances to the mannerisms of ,rodin and ,meunier1 that are not in harmony with the surrounding architecture4 ,the original figures in the south portal of the ,palace of ,varied ,industries and the panel over the entrance to the ,palace of ,liberal ,arts are quite successful inserts of new thought in old frames in spite of a touch1 of this influence4 ,rodin1 the emancipator of modern sculpture1 and a notorious anarchist as regards architecture1 is not always applicable4 ,the imitation of his style induces a negation of modeling only in evidence in one of his manners of execution4 ,there is a vague tendency voiced by some critics to advance the theory that the real future democracy of art depends on the verdict of the man in the street4 ,this is ridiculous4 ,the future of art depends on no one class of men1 aristocratic or democratic4 ,it depends on all men4 ,art is neither democratic nor aristocratic4 ,it knows no class - it is concerned with life at large - elemental life4 ,art is praise and all things in life are its subjects4 ,the group ,harvest surmounting the great niche in the ,court of the ,seasons is a fine placid thing - and the bull groups on the pylons are time-honored1 virile conceptions strikingly placed4 ,the three-tiered sculpture groupings of the ,tower of ,ages make rich appeal in relation to the romantic architecture4 ,there are groups in niches in the west walls that will remain caviar to the general1 but which are conceived with a fine sense of decoration1 and need only a touch of relation to reconcile them to the observer4 ,to him they are too strange4 ,yet strangeness exists and if sufficiently medicated is even admired4 ,it is strange when one thinks of it1 to have had an ,exposition4 ,the ,end of the ,trail is perhaps the most popular work on the grounds - the symbolism is simple and reaches many1 with just the right note of sentiment4 ,on the other hand1 there are those who have gone beyond the obvious and prefer less realistic subjects particularly in relation to architecture4 ,of this kind may be found many inserts and details making no particular claim for attention except that of delightful enrichment4 ,the details of the ,exposition are excellent and sometimes brilliant4 ,the ,pioneer is not well understood4 ,the trappings here puzzle the realists who insist on a portrait of a certain personage - ,joaquin ,miller4 ,the sculptor1 ,i know1 intended nothing of the sort4 ,it is his vision of an aged pioneer living over again for a moment his prime4 ,astride his ancient pony hung with chance trappings1 symbols of association1 with axe and rifle with which he conquered the wilderness1 he broods the past4 ,a mural decoration should be fitting for the place which it embellishes - both in color and composition4 ,the subject1 also1 should be relatively interesting1 but not the first consideration as is the color1 the line1 the chiaros-curo4 ,at a glance the decoration should be the jewel for the surrounding space4 ,the murals at the ,exposition are rather unusual in their settings1 where every building and every court is so replete with ,mr4 ,guerin's splendid coloring4 ,mr4 ,brangwyn's decorations are by far the most interesting in their free joyous use of color and amusing composition4 ,from about the middle of the cloister under the arches one turns to the right or left and is greeted with a pleasant surprise of color4 ,then the story appears and is buoyant and rich in execution4 ,one is rather shocked when standing directly near or underneath by the big patches of color and coarse drawing1 the vulgar types not well enough drawn to move our admiration4 ,the cloister looked poor to have such rich notes in each corner1 but one glance without the arches into the rich and teeming court1 and we were reconciled to their placing4 ,mr4 ,simmons' color note is pleasant1 seen across the great court4 ,how much more pleasant it is than to have adopted the blue of the heavens as the dominating note - all the blue decorations in spite of their many excellences look dull and grey and weary - the painters have not been able to play up to and dominate the brilliant blue of the sky4 ,in the ,court of the ,four ,seasons one finds color notes that are fitting1 though lacking in imaginative interest4 ,from the ,avenue of ,palms one looks across the ,court of ,flowers and sees over an opening what appears to be a crucifixion4 ,on nearer view one is undeceived4 ,the rich orange coloring and darker contrast is very handsome4 ,it is to be regretted that the lunettes over the other doors are again that watery blue from heaven4 ,though brilliant in themselves and clear in coloring1 none of the three decorations in this court are sufficiently naive in design for the space - much too smart and knowing1 they might be easel picture motifs used for the occasion4 ,the ,american public is so quick and clever that it is difficult to find in the painters the simplicity of mind necessary for such work4 ,again we find good composition and brilliant coloring in the two wall paintings in the ,pennsylvania ,building4 ,the ,italians have given us an imitation of their frescoing - the doing of it in this manner illustrates the simplicity of the ,italian mind1 but does not convey to one who has not been to ,italy the absolute grandness of ,italian fresco4 ,this is not a detailed review nor can justice here be done to all that honest1 earnest1 hopeful effort of the world-loving artist - he who delights in the myriad phases of our lovely-terrible life1 who naively labors to bring forth his sonnet of praise4 ,be kind to him all ye who contemplate1 and remember how much easier it is to criticize than to - be intelligently sympathetic4 ,it is all for you4 ,take what you like1 and leave the rest without pollution4 ,it may serve to comfort and to joy thy fellow-man4 ,a4 ,stirling ,calder4 ,illustrations and ,descriptive ,notes of the ,sculpture and ,mural ,decorations of the ,exposition ,fountain of ,energy ,central ,group1 ,south ,gardens ,the ,fountain of ,energy in the place of honor within the main entrance gives the keynote of the ,exposition - a mood of triumphant rejoicing4 ,the proud bearing of the equestrian group1 the wide sweep of water when the fountain is in play1 the sportive movement of the figures in the basin1 all express the joy of achievement4 ,in the conception of the sculptor1 ,a4 ,stirling ,calder1 this was fitting tribute to the completion of the ,panama ,canal which the ,exposition celebrates4 ,the fountain has a double significance4 ,in the first aspect it records the conquest by ,energy of the labors of the ,canal4 ,in the second it proclaims the approach of the ,super-,energy of the future4 ,both interpretations are detailed upon the following pages4 ,on the globe supporting the horseman are indicated the sun's course ,north and ,south and the evolution of mankind from lower to higher forms of life4 ,that of the strenuous ,western hemisphere is connoted by a bullman2 the quiet ,east by a cat-human4 ,great oceans and lesser waters revel in the fountain-bowl4 ,a garland of merfolk join globe to base with great sculptural beauty4 ,equestrian ,group ,detail1 ,fountain of ,energy ,in the more obvious phase of the fountain's meaning1 ,energy1 the ,lord of the ,isthmian ,way1 rides grandly upon the earth1 triumphing because of the ,canal so well achieved4 ,his outstretched arms have severed the lands and let the waters pass4 ,upon his mighty shoulders stand ,fame and ,glory1 heralding the coming of a conqueror4 ,the second and more subtle intention is nobly prophetic4 ,energy1 the ,power of the ,future1 the ,superman1 approaches4 ,twin inspirations - of two sexes to denote the dual nature of man - urge him onward4 ,his hands point upward1 contacting human energy with ,divine4 ,it is interesting to note the steadiness of the central figure1 the sense of firmness1 security1 in spite of the feeling of motion in the whole4 ,this is largely due to the hold of the feet upon the stirrups and the weight of the body in the saddle4 ,north ,sea - ,atlantic ,ocean ,details1 ,fountain of ,energy ,the basin of the ,fountain of ,energy is devoted to the revel of the waters4 ,the genii of the four great oceans dominate the scene4 ,they are mounted upon cavorting marine monsters and surrounded by the smaller waters1 fearlessly playing1 head-downwards1 upon dolphins about to dive4 ,the ,atlantic ,ocean faces ,east2 the ,pacific1 ,west2 the ,north and ,south ,seas their appropriate quarters4 ,the symbolic figures are designed to interpret the spirit of the oceans they represent - the ,atlantic1 fine and bright1 upon her armored sword-fish2 the ,pacific1 a beautiful1 graceful1 happily brooding ,oriental2 the ,north ,sea1 finned and glistening1 strange and eerie2 the ,south ,sea1 savage and tempestuous1 blowing a fitful blast4 ,the lesser waters have a lighter quality4 ,the hair of the sea-spirits suggests seaweed and coral4 ,from the mouths of of the sea-chargers jets of water rise to meet the nimbus and rainbows of the semi-spherical downpour of the main fountain4 ,mermaid ,fountain ,festival ,hall1 ,south ,gardens ,long1 quiet mirror pools flank the great ,fountain of ,energy1 giving balance and calm to the entrance plaza1 or ,south ,gardens4 ,they are oblong in shape with the farther ends curving into a graceful convex4 ,the pools are surrounded by formal flowerbeds planted to correspond to the beds surrounding the central fountain1 thus giving continuity to the whole4 ,these beds are enclosed by a decorative fence which follows the outline of the pools2 the entering paths1 emphasized at the outer ends by flower urns1 at the inner by sculptural light standards4 ,the curved ends of the pools are marked by ,arthur ,putnam's beautiful ,mermaid ,fountain1 in duplicate4 ,the crowning figure is by no means the conventional mermaid4 ,she is free1 full of grace1 charmingly poised4 ,the bifurcated tail is original and gives sculptural distinction as well as greater human appeal4 ,the figure is instinct with a spirit of play but is not boisterous4 ,arthur ,putnam is a ,californian who has greatly influenced the development of art in the ,west4 ,torch ,bearer ,finial ,figure1 ,festival ,hall ,as ,festival ,hall is the seat of the ,exposition's musical life1 all the sculpture on and about the building expresses a lyrical mood4 ,the sculptor has contrived to give this feeling great variety2 but1 on the whole1 the large reclining figures - the beautiful1 relaxed ,reclining ,nymph and the ,listening ,god over the great pylons - seem to be meditatively listening1 the seated figures have a fanciful1 lighter suggestion and those standing give a gentle effect of rhythm4 ,the great arches are marked by a cartouche emphasizing this intention4 ,the ,torch ,bearer here pictured is lightly yet firmly poised above the minor domes4 ,exquisitely silhouetted against the sky1 she has a spiral beauty1 and the grace of one posed in the midst of a dance4 ,the work of ,sherry ,edmundsen ,fry1 who made all the sculpture on ,festival ,hall1 is1 generally characterized by a classic correctness combined with a modern robustness4 ,it lends itself well to this ,french ,renaissance building - a type that depends upon its sculptured embellishments4 ,the ,muse and ,pan ,pylon ,group1 ,festival ,hall ,at the base of the great pylons that flank the columnar entrance court of ,festival ,hall1 are low pyramidal masses of foliage and flowering shrubs4 ,an interesting group by ,sherry ,e4 ,fry is set in the midst of each4 ,the more evident figure1 mounted upon a decorative pedestal1 is identical in both groups - a classic1 flower-bearing ,muse1 who seems to step softly forward4 ,but though the ,muse is repeated1 the groups vary in the smaller seated figures at the base of the pedestals4 ,this variation is not felt architecturally1 for the figures balance perfectly and are nestled in a mass of leafage4 ,at the feet of the ,muse before the northern pylon a ,boy ,pan sits among the flowers1 balanced in the southern group by a ,young ,nymph or ,dryad4 ,the gentle dignity of the standing ,muse and the reality and softness of her draperies recall the same sculptor's figure1 ,peace1 exhibited in the department of ,fine ,arts and awarded a medal by the jury4 ,the architectural beauty of these groups1 in relation to the arched panels of the pylons forming their background1 is worthy of study4 ,it will be seen that the group1 in spite of its statuesque quality1 is actually part of the wall surface4 ,the beauty of the ensemble is greatly enhanced by the sympathetic planting4 ,boy ,pan ,detail1 ,pylon ,group1 ,festival ,hall ,without doubt the most popular1 if not the most admired1 of the statues that adorn ,festival ,hall is the ,boy ,pan1 nestled in the foliage at the base of the pedestal in the group just described4 ,this roguish little god of woodland music has1 besides his traditional attributes1 a certain urchin quality that is very appealing4 ,he has just taken his pipe from his lips1 momentarily diverted by the presence of an alert lizard his melody has attracted4 ,the lizard is here hidden in the leafage4 ,the arch amusement of the whole figure1 the mischievous1 boyish smile upon his face1 have allurement1 just lifted from the normal by the quaint suggestion of small horns still in velvet4 ,here in his youth is the wholesome1 simple1 poetic ,pan of the earlier myths1 he who grew into the ,great ,god ,pan1 rather than the hero of the more subtle and diversified later legends4 ,his pertness is contrasted with the shy modesty of the ,young ,nymph1 the companion figure at the foot of the opposite pylon4 ,detail1 ,spire ,base ,palace of ,horticulture ,the ,palace of ,horticulture1 a combination of ,french ,renaissance with the ,byzantine1 is consistently flowery in decoration4 ,it has been given a carnival expression4 ,the general sculptured adornments are heavy garlands and overflowing baskets1 and profuse ornamentations of flowers4 ,large flower-decked jars stand in niches2 the cartouches bear the flower motif4 ,suggestions of lattices and arbors appear in the low domes on the porches surrounding the great greenhouses1 reminiscent of ,french garden architecture of the ,great ,age4 ,the superb central glass dome that gives the building distinction is crowned by a huge flower basket and draped at its base by a long garland4 ,at the foot of the sharply ascending spires - the slender shafts of which are carved with conventionalized vines and bear tapering flower urns as finials - stand graceful garlands of girls4 ,these pleasing spire bases1 the attendants of ,flora1 are by ,ernest ,louis ,boutier1 a ,parisian4 ,they carry small baskets of flowers on their heads1 a chain of flowers binds them4 ,the same feeling is continued in the caryatids on this building1 by ,john ,bateman4 ,these1 also flower-capped1 are repeated on the ,press and ,y4 ,w4 ,c4 ,a4 buildings1 smaller structures in the ,south ,gardens adjoining the ,horticultural ,palace1 thus unifying the buildings in the plaza4 ,cortez ,in ,front of ,tower of ,jewels ,equestrian statues of ,cortez and ,pizzaro stand in the ,avenue of ,palms at the base of the ,tower of ,jewels to suggest the early history of the ,south and ,west of this hemisphere as a background to the present achievements at ,panama and1 indeed1 at ,san ,francisco4 ,this spirited and romantic presentation of the fearless conquistador1 ,hernando ,cortez1 shows him at the very height of his proud successes4 ,charles ,niehaus1 whose work is always direct and convincing1 has made us feel the ,spanish conqueror's own sense of victory4 ,we know that now ,mexico1 the ,tlascalans and the ,emperor ,montezuma have been vanquished1 that the victor's ruthless ambition is already dreaming of the conquest of ,new ,spain and the navigation of the ,pacific4 ,there are infused into the work a brilliancy and dash that fill the imagination with the glamor of that picturesque period of history4 ,the perfect horsemanship1 the restrained but vigorous motion1 the whole bearing1 have a stirring beauty4 ,there is also intended and expressed in the countenance a sense of vision1 as if ,cortez had here a prophetic moment in which he saw the future of the continent he claimed4 ,pizarro ,in ,front of ,tower of ,jewels ,pizzaro1 the companion equestrian to ,cortez1 is the work of ,charles ,cary ,rumsey4 ,the grim1 stern and epic history of the bold1 arrogant adventurer who was merciless in success and dauntless in failure is ruggedly suggested by this figure1 mounted upon a heavily armored charger and advancing with drawn sword4 ,the fact that ,pizzaro was a member of ,balboa's party when that explorer discovered the ,pacific and that he himself was in charge of a ,spanish colony at ,darien in #aeaj1 makes his appearance at this ,exposition appropriate4 ,but it is1 after all1 the conqueror of the ,incas1 the indomitable1 who spared neither his men nor his enemy until the rich cities of the ,southern ,empire had been pillaged of their gold and destroyed1 who is here portrayed4 ,after achieving wealth and honors ,pizzaro was slain by the followers of a rival conquistador4 ,the position of these two equestrians is well chosen2 the colonnade of the ,tower makes an impressive background4 ,the ,pioneer ,avenue of ,palms ,history of a later period1 nearer to the heart of ,westerners1 is embodied in ,solon ,borglum's lusty and venerable ,pioneer4 ,this impressive equestrian stands on the ,avenue of ,palms at the entrance to the court of ,flowers4 ,it is interesting to note that1 in this rugged and commanding figure1 fineness1 dignity and nobility are emphasized as well as the more customary endurance and hardihood conventionally associated with the character4 ,on the leather trappings of the old ,pioneer's horse1 the tepee1 the canoe and other symbols of ,indian life are marked4 ,the sculptor is himself the son of pioneers and has treated this subject with sincerity and affectionate insight4 ,the ,pioneer has been greatly appreciated and has received special notice in a number of addresses delivered by distinguished guests of the ,exposition4 ,its veracity is attested by the fact that resemblance to several famous pioneers has been imagined in it by their admirers4 ,the ,end of the ,trail ,avenue of ,palms ,still further back into the historical records of ,american stamina goes ,the ,end of the ,trail by ,james ,earle ,fraser4 ,no single work of art at the ,exposition has attracted more popular applause than this4 ,it has a gripping1 manly pathos that makes a direct appeal4 ,the physical vigor of the rider1 over-tried but sound1 saves it from mere sentiment4 ,an ,indian brave1 utterly exhausted1 his strong endurance worn through by the long1 hard ride1 storm-spent1 bowed in the abandon of helpless exhaustion1 upon a horse as weary as he1 has come to the end of the trail1 beyond which there is no clear path4 ,it is easy to apply the message of this statue to the tragedy of the ,american ,indian's decline upon the continent he once possessed4 ,the sculptor acknowledges as his text these words of ,marian ,manville ,pope3 ,the trail is lost1 the path is hid and winds that blow from out the ages sweep me on to that chill borderland where ,time's spent sands engulf lost peoples and lost trails4 ,historic ,types ,finial ,figures1 ,tower of ,jewels ,as repeated alternating figures on the top of corner pedestals on the first stage of the ,tower of ,jewels1 stand ,the ,four ,agents of ,civilization1 the historic influences that have developed our ,american life4 ,these1 the ,adventurer1 the ,soldier1 the ,priest and the ,philosopher1 have been presented with vivid simplicity by ,john ,flanagan4 ,he has given us1 first1 the ,adventurous ,explorer1 romantic1 courageous1 he who crossed the uncharted seas and found new worlds2 then the formidable conquering ,soldier1 he who founded settlements and held them with his sword or fought with natives for empire or riches for ,european monarchs2 then the ,missionary ,priest1 inspired with a holy zeal to spread the divine message to strange peoples2 and1 last1 the ,philosopher1 the ,thinker1 whose great influence is but now beginning4 ,the treatment of these figures is quiet1 restful and architectural in feeling1 as becomes their position4 ,they supply the serious note to the gala ,tower4 ,fountain of ,youth ,colonnade1 ,tower of ,jewels ,within the colonnades of the ,tower are two wall-fountains by ,american women4 ,the ,fountain of ,youth in the eastern colonnade is the work of ,edith ,woodman ,burroughs4 ,she has given us the eternally desired fountain in a new aspect1 not as the legendary restorative that changes age to adolescence1 but as the fount of perpetual youth that keeps inspiring and vivifying the race and every stage of our life4 ,an exquisite nude girl stands in a beautifully balanced archway rising like a flower from a pedestal on which are seen1 like roots1 vaguely outlined1 the faces of her ancestors4 ,she is ,youth1 the center of life1 for which the world1 its dreams and its rewards are made4 ,the side panels show the ships of life laden with the aged and manned by infants1 off on the sea of time on the endless quests upon which youth and desire for its fulfillment's keep the world launched4 ,however1 the enduring charm of the fountain certainly comes from the little-girlhood of the central figure1 the gentle1 expectant sweetness of waning childhood and the perfect purity of the emotion it produces4 ,fountain of ,el ,dorado ,colonnade1 ,tower of ,jewels ,within the ,west colonnade of the ,tower of ,jewels is the other fountain desired by all the world - the ,fountain of ,el ,dorado4 ,like the ,fountain of ,youth it is connected by legend with early ,spanish exploration in ,america4 ,long ago1 the story goes1 there lived in ,mexico or ,south ,america a golden king who scattered treasures along his path4 ,el ,dorado and his realm have long been symbols of the elusive gold sought by mankind in all ages and every clime4 ,in this fountain by ,gertrude ,vanderbilt ,whitney1 it is not the mere possession of wealth that is so sought1 but those joys of which our mistaken imaginings make gold the symbol4 ,in the central composition here pictured1 the ,gilded ,one has vanished through the portals4 ,impersonal1 unresponsive attendants in ,aztec garb guard the door from suppliant followers4 ,with subtle symbolism they give no sign as to whether or not they will relent and give entrance4 ,but the fact that branches of trees have grown close across the opening seems to imply that hope is slight4 ,frieze ,details1 ,fountain of ,el ,dorado ,two long curving panels supplement the main archway of the ,fountain of ,el ,dorado4 ,they represent the striving of humankind for ,power and ,possession4 ,some by prowess1 some by thought2 some gaily1 some sorrowfully2 some urgent1 some patient2 some rushing1 some lingering - all press onward toward the longed-for goal4 ,here and there one falls fainting2 another halts for love or pleasure or indifference4 ,some stop to lift or help the fallen1 others press by unheeding4 ,the certain sad fatality of the concept is relieved of its pang by the light and fluent beauty of treatment4 ,the idea is perhaps a little grim1 but the handling is pleasant and the impression agreeable4 ,the beauty of both the colonnade fountains is enhanced by the lines of the water in the cascade stairway4 ,in the ,fountain of ,el ,dorado this effect is increased by a line of balanced jets flowing from dolphin heads in the lower panel4 ,nations of the ,east ,group1 ,arch of the ,rising ,sun ,across the great ,court of the ,universe1 the ,court of ,honor of the ,exposition1 the ,nations of the ,east and ,west face each other from the summits of their triumphal arches4 ,they express the coming brotherhood of man1 the nations brought closer by ,canal and ,exposition1 and the fact that civilization has girdled the earth4 ,inscriptions characteristic of ,eastern and ,western wisdom are engraved beneath them4 ,these heroic groups are the result of the successful collaboration of ,a4 ,stirling ,calder1 ,frederick ,g4 ,r4 ,roth1 and ,leo ,lentelli4 ,in the ,eastern group here pictured1 about a richly caparisoned elephant stand the camel drivers1 ,egypt and ,assyria2 the equestrians1 ,arabian and ,mongolian2 two ,negro ,servitors2 the ,bedouin ,falconer and the ,chinese ,llama4 ,the pyramidal composition is massive and the ,eastern spirit nobly sustained4 ,on pylons before both arches1 ,leo ,lentelli's ,guardian ,genii - calm1 impressive1 winged spirits - guard the universe4 ,the unity of men and nature are denoted by the ,rising and ,setting ,sun fountains1 the row of ,stars1 the ,zodiac friezes and the ,elements4 ,of these1 ,air and ,earth appear in the foreground of the picture4 ,in the distance is ,music1 one of the classic groups contacting the ,court with the carnival spirit4 ,all these are described on later pages4 ,pegasus ,spandrels1 ,east and ,west ,arches ,these spandrels1 by ,frederick ,g4 ,r4 ,roth1 are interesting artistically1 not only for the eager sweep and sense of bigness not usual in the narrow scope of a spandrel1 but especially for their warm decorative value to the wall surface and the aspiring way in which they follow the rising line of the archway over which they are placed4 ,the spandrels are made in very vigorous low relief4 ,they express the place of poetry in the ,universe4 ,for1 in this court that celebrates man's achievements in the ,east and ,west1 and ,nature's gifts to all1 the poet on his winged horse appears to inspire the one and interpret the other4 ,the spandrels throughout the ,exposition are noteworthy4 ,it is significant of the artistic conscientiousness in detail of those who planned the sculpture that these and other smaller pieces are so uniformly beautiful4 ,notable among them are ,august ,jaegers' spandrels in the ,court of the ,four ,seasons and ,albert ,weinert's in the ,court of ,palms4 ,the ,stars ,a ,detail of the ,colonnade ,a sense of eternal spaces1 the feeling of calm and elemental tranquillity1 is given to the ,court of the ,universe by the surrounding ,colonnade of ,stars4 ,the quiet stars look1 down upon the activities of men4 ,the semi-conventionalized ,star figure1 light and firm1 repeated about the ,colonnade is a highly important factor in the architectural beauty of the ,court4 ,she stands a-tiptoe on the globe that forms her pedestal2 the circle of her arms about the starry head-dress implies the endlessness of space4 ,the pointed headdress is hung with jewels of the kind that decorate the tower4 ,these carry the jubilant idea of the tower around the ,court4 ,they twinkle brilliantly where the sun strikes them and are illuminated by thin shafts of searchlight at night4 ,this ,star figure by ,a4 ,stirling ,calder has been reproduced in the insignia of the ,exposition on a number of its official engravings and is the central design of the gold badges of the ,directors and the silver badges of the ,chiefs of ,departments4 ,earth ,detail1 ,one of ,the ,elements ,the ,four ,elements1 heroic pieces by ,robert ,i4 ,aitken1 are placed at the top of the main stairways leading down into the sunken gardens of the ,court of the ,universe4 ,in spite of their imaginative themes1 these massive works have the same gripping reality that characterizes all the later method of this sculptor4 ,he has treated the elements1 especially ,earth and ,air1 in their relation to man4 ,as here pictured1 ,earth1 the quiet mother1 sleeps on her rocks1 over which little human beings struggle and toil4 ,the rear view of ,air1 the group on the opposite side of the same stairway1 may be seen in the foreground of the plate illustrating ,the ,nations of the ,east4 ,air holds a star in her hair2 she has great wings and is attended by floating sea-gulls4 ,behind her1 a man has strapped his arms to her mighty pinions1 signifying the effort of the present age to ride the winds4 ,fire and ,water1 across the gardens1 are shown in vivid action2 ,fire roaring with his salamander1 and ,water blowing a stormy gust across the waves4 ,the ,signs of the ,zodiac ,frieze on the ,corner ,pavilions ,low relief1 the form that is so difficult and so beautiful and satisfying when perfectly achieved1 is at its finest in the sculptured mural panels that crown the corner pavilions of the ,court of the ,universe and the ,forecourt of the ,stars4 ,these are the panels of ,the ,signs of the ,zodiac1 by ,hermon ,a4 ,mac,neil1 who is better known to ,exposition visitors by his finial group1 ,the ,adventurous ,bowman1 on the ,column of ,progress4 ,the idea of the overhanging1 serene heavens1 expressed by the ,star ,colonnade1 is extended by these panels4 ,about the central figure of ,atlas or ,time1 his heavenly daughters move1 bearing the ,zodiacal symbols1 to indicate the sweep of the constellations and the onward march of time4 ,this impression of the steady1 slow passage of our days is increased by the gentle motion of the figures1 so slight as to be felt rather than seen4 ,the frieze has a clean-cut effect almost cameo-like in its precision and the harmony and grace of the whole composition have frequently been found suggestive of the decorations on an ,attic urn4 ,nations of the ,west ,group1 ,arch of the ,setting ,sun ,as we look across the ,court of the ,universe towards the ,nations of the ,west1 the vastness of the ,court and the commanding effect of these great groups of the nations impress us4 ,the high columns of the ,rising and ,setting ,sun fountains1 the monumental groups of the ,elements1 the classic ,music and ,dance of heroic size1 are merged in the splendid sweep of the ,court2 the dignified circle of sculptured light-standards is dwarfed by the perspective4 ,but these mighty processional masses of the ,nations still dominate the whole4 ,this western group1 companion to the ,nations of the ,east1 centers about the prairie schooner1 which balances the elephant in the opposing composition1 and the girlish figure of a young pioneer mother1 poetically called ,the ,mother of ,tomorrow4 ,accompanying her are represented the nations that have contributed to our ,american civilization4 ,the group is by the same sculptors in collaboration who made the group of eastern nations4 ,the four equestrians1 the ,latin-,american1 the ,french-,canadian1 the ,anglo-,american1 the ,indian and the trudging ,squaw are by ,leo ,lentelli2 the pedestrian figures1 the bowed ,alaskan women1 the ,german and the ,italian are by ,f4 ,g4 ,r4 ,roth1 who made also the oxen and the prairie schooner4 ,the ,mother and the crowning symbolic group of ,enterprise and the ,hopes of the ,future are by ,a4 ,stirling ,calder1 who is responsible for the general composition4 ,enterprise ,detail1 ,nations of the ,west ,the prairie schooner that forms the axis of the ,nations of the ,west is crowned by an animated1 imaginative group so perfectly co-ordinated with the realistic main composition that it causes no sense of discord4 ,this group of ,enterprise and the ,hopes of the ,future by ,a4 ,stirling ,calder1 forms the apex of the pyramidal construction4 ,it gives the required height and balances the howdah on the elephant in the companion group1 the ,nations of the ,east1 on the opposite archway4 ,the spirit of ,enterprise1 a kneeling figure whose encircling wings carry the rewards of the world1 calls aloud to summon initiative1 encouragement and perseverance to the brave and adventurous who advance our progress4 ,this ,enterprise is the pioneer spirit that discovered and developed ,america4 ,at the feet of ,enterprise sit the ,hopes of the ,future2 two boys1 one white1 the other1 negro4 ,these sound the note of deep humanity that underlies the poetry of the conception4 ,this group of the ,western nations has an appropriate sub-title1 ,the ,pioneers4 ,dance ,balustrade1 ,court of the ,universe ,at the top of the longitudinal stairways in the ,court of the ,universe are ,paul ,manship's ,music and ,dance4 ,these are typical examples of that sculptor's power to combine classic restraint1 sculptural dignity and grace of line with complete freedom and untrammeled ease of method4 ,they express a musical mood1 supplying the honor of musical art to the otherwise incomplete celebration of man's achievements4 ,in ,dance1 here reproduced1 the beautiful movement of the figures and the garlands1 full in volume but light in weight1 are superlatively well presented4 ,a glimpse of the companion group1 ,music1 can be had in the plate devoted to the ,nations of the ,east4 ,in this are two classic male figures1 the ,composer and the ,musician4 ,one holds an open scroll from which the other reads as he pauses in touching the strings of a lyre4 ,a number of distinguished exhibits by ,mr4 ,manship1 showing all phases of his art1 appear in the ,palace of ,fine ,arts where he has been awarded the honor of a gold medal4 ,the ,rising ,sun ,fountain1 ,court of the ,universe ,the ,rising and ,the ,setting ,sun1 by ,adolph ,a4 ,weinman1 stand high against the heavens on tall shafts that rise from fountain bowls4 ,they are inspired with a sort of rapturous imagery and they so inspire the beholder4 ,the ,rising ,sun1 a youth with outstretched wings1 a figure suggestive of gladness1 hope and the dawn of high adventure1 is a fitting symbol of the sunrise4 ,he seems a-tiptoe for a flight on the summit of his column2 his profile against the sky is superb4 ,on the opposite column ,the ,setting ,sun1 a young woman with pensive face1 shaded by her hair and drooping wings1 sinks to rest4 ,these figures stand on translucent shafts that are pillars of light in the evening4 ,they bear garlanded capitals and rise from double fountain bowls bound together by rising and falling jets and sheets of water4 ,the column bases are finished with beautiful friezes1 one symbolic of the ,sun of ,truth1 the other of the ,peace of ,night4 ,winged mermen support the upper basin2 sea-creatures gambol in the lower4 ,column of ,progress ,in the ,forecourt of the ,stars ,one of the most serious and thoughtful works of the ,exposition sculpture is the ,column of ,progress which faces the bay at the end of the ,forecourt of ,stars4 ,this column represents with direct imagery the upward progress of man4 ,the shaft itself is sculptured with conventionalized waves in a gradually ascending spiral1 upon which a repeated vessel1 the ,ship of ,life1 sails upward1 indicating the slow upward rise of our life4 ,the lower panels1 significant of man's endeavors1 are described on the following page4 ,the crowning group1 ,the ,adventurous ,bowman1 noble in intent and in sculptural power1 is from the hand of ,hermon ,a4 ,mac,neil4 ,at the highest point of man's achievement1 stands this ,adventurous ,bowman1 the super-hero1 the leader1 the man with insight into the future1 who shoots his arrow into the ,sun of ,truth4 ,behind him the next man supports and is protected1 by him4 ,beside him kneels the woman with his reward in her hands4 ,the frieze beneath the group shows the ,burden-,bearers on whose shoulders the hero stands - an arresting thought2 reminder of the true values in modern life4 ,frieze ,base1 ,column of ,progress ,the four panels at the base of the ,column of ,progress sympathetically express its exalted idealism4 ,they are by ,isadore ,konti1 in richly wrought high relief4 ,the play of color values1 the planes of light and shade1 are handled with mastery4 ,these four panels indicate that the thought1 the dream1 the aspiration1 the dutiful devotion underlying all the labors of the common day are the source of their progress4 ,one panel shows the higher toils of the mind1 as in the arts and statesmanship4 ,in the center of this stands the inventor or leader of thought with the eagle of aspiration above him4 ,another shows the motives of love and pain and prayer and the central power of labor as movers of the world4 ,still another1 which is shown here1 expresses the humbler toils of mankind2 even they1 it says1 progress upward through the thinker who pauses in their midst to dream4 ,the other panel here pictured represents the triumph of man's endeavors1 and the successes that spur to greater achievements4 ,primitive ,ages ,altar ,tower1 ,court of ,ages ,the ,tower of ,ages1 in the ,court of ,ages1 represents ,evolution4 ,the lower group1 here illustrated1 presents ,the ,early ,ages4 ,this shows the development of man from his physical beginnings among the creatures of the ooze up through the cave man and the ,stone ,age to the growth of the family ideal out of which sprang a higher civilization4 ,the second group shows ,the ,middle ,ages4 ,its three figures are the ,monk1 the ,armored ,bowman1 and1 at the apex1 the ,crusader1 the highest expression of idealism1 of that period4 ,the ,present ,age crowns the whole1 upon an altar sits the ,woman ,enthroned and ,enshrined4 ,her children1 the future1 are at her feet4 ,their finger-tips touch a symbol1 the ,cosmos4 ,one bears a book1 the other the wheel of a machine4 ,figures of ,mutation flank the central composition4 ,the sculpture on the ,tower of ,ages is by ,chester ,a4 ,beach1 whose emancipated and vigorous manner is exactly suited to the presentment of these strong ideas4 ,primitive ,man ,arcade ,finial1 ,court of ,ages ,in accord with the basic idea of the beginning1 change and upward growth of the human race and its emotional life that are emphasized in this eastern court1 rough1 plastic figures of ,primitive ,man and ,primitive ,woman surmount the elaborate arcade4 ,they harmonize with the conception and treatment of the1 group on the ,tower of ,ages4 ,they are the work of ,albert ,weinert1 the sculptor who made the much-admired ,miner in the portal niches of the ,palace of ,mines and ,metallurgy1 and ,philosophy on ,administration ,avenue4 ,he presents these parents of civilization at the transition stage when they are still savage but have become physically upright and begun to develop the elementary glimmering of intellectual and emotional consciousness4 ,they stand as finials on the continued columns that pierce the arcade wall and emphasize the arches4 ,dividing the spaces above them1 on a higher level1 are repeated finials of a pert chanticleer1 emblem of the east1 the dawn and immortality4 ,fountain of ,earth ,central ,group1 ,court of ,ages ,here is one of the most majestic and imposing enrichments of contemporary art developed by the ,exposition4 ,the ,fountain of ,earth by ,robert ,i4 ,aitken has compelled the attention of the world of art and won the gold medal for sculpture of the year offered by the ,architectural ,league4 ,in this fountain the idea of man's evolution takes a subtler and more profound significance4 ,in general1 it shows the development and growth of love from its lower to higher forms and the upward effect of that spiritualization upon the life of the earth4 ,in the secondary group1 a prelude and epilogue to the main composition1 on the prow of the ,ship of ,earth are grouped the loves1 greeds1 passions1 griefs and spiritual cravings of man and woman1 who come and go from the ,unknown to the ,unknowable4 ,the great arms of ,destiny1 pushing and pointing1 giving and taking1 guide the way4 ,between the four panels of ,life on the ,earth1 stand the ,hermes1 milestones of ancient ,rome1 here used as milestones upon the road of ,time4 ,sea-creatures indicate our origin in the waters4 ,the description of the panels follows on succeeding pages4 ,survival of the ,fittest ,a ,panel1 ,fountain of ,earth ,the central fountain shows the globe of ,earth revolving in the ,infinite4 ,streams of water by day1 clouds of luminous steam by night1 give it the effect of swimming out of chaos4 ,the powerful panels of ,earth are boldly modeled in pierced relief1 giving statuesque realism as well as the picturesqueness demanded of a panel4 ,they follow in a natural sequence as regards their deep and arresting symbolism4 ,the order is1 first1 the ,southern1 then the ,western1 ,northern and ,eastern panels as the fountain lies4 ,the panel here illustrated is third in the sequence4 ,in the first panel are shown the motive ,elemental ,emotions - ,vanity1 ,sexual ,love and mere ,physical ,parenthood without enlightenment4 ,after the next milestone is the second panel called ,natural ,selection4 ,this presents the approach of the ,strong ,man2 little wings beside his head indicate the dawn of ,intellect4 ,women turn to him attracted by his qualities4 ,of the men whom they have deserted1 one resigns in sorrow2 the other prepares to contend the the issue4 ,in the next phase1 here illustrated1 ,the ,survival of the ,fittest1 the struggle has begun4 ,the following pages resume the story4 ,lesson of ,life ,a ,panel1 ,fountain of ,earth ,in the panel of ,the ,survival of the ,fittest the battle of life is at its height4 ,the men are in a furious struggle of strength and prowess4 ,the interplay of human passions1 the contests of wills and capacities1 has developed4 ,the women1 too1 are taking a conscious part in life1 one weeping and shrinking from the fray1 the other extending a restraining hand4 ,in the last and noblest panel1 called ,the ,lesson of ,life1 we see the spiritualized and intellect-guided emotions4 ,a helmeted man and pure-browed woman gaze tenderly in each other's eyes4 ,youth1 full of impulse and fire1 stays to listen to the voice of ,reason4 ,the lover keeps in touch with the guiding memory of the ,mother4 ,and the cycle is completed from animal to mental toward the higher foundation of life upon the earth4 ,seldom has more exaltation of thought or intensity of feeling been infused1 without mawkishness or exaggeration1 into a work of art4 ,the ,fountain of ,earth1 is deeply interpretive of the trend of modern thought4 ,helios ,separate ,group1 ,fountain of ,earth ,on the wall of the basin of the ,fountain of ,earth1 is a subsidiary group called ,helios1 the ,sun4 ,it is a decorative point of finish and is also symbolic4 ,the ,sun is taken as the symbol of the ,cosmos1 the enduring1 the ,day1 the source of life4 ,man is pictured as clinging to it1 in the hope of being freed from the encircling coils of his baser self and the old earthy entanglements that hold him down1 and destroy him4 ,this group and the main fountain1 as well as the sides of the beautiful court1 are mirrored in the long still pool in which the fountain stands - a pool properly free from splashes or springs as befits the setting of this intricate and massive work4 ,the rapid and stable growth of ,robert ,i4 ,aitken1 sculptor of the ,fountain of ,earth1 is of particular interest to ,san ,francisco1 the city of his birth1 and the site of several of his earlier efforts4 ,water ,sprites ,base of ,column1 ,court of ,ages ,the ,water ,sprite ,columns in the ,court of ,ages bring the somber symbolism of this court back to the gay spirit of festival4 ,the sprites are the work of ,leo ,lentelli2 they have a quaint elfin quality that is very engaging4 ,the amusing and lovely group seated about the base of the column have a certain chic habit of pointing elbows1 wrists and ankles that lends an unworldly attraction4 ,their sister sprite at the top of the slender decorated shaft is mischievously aiming an arrow downwards4 ,these ,sprite ,columns express the gay1 frolicsome mood of the waters4 ,their feeling harmonizes more with the sea-weed and shell decorations of the court itself and its falling-water motif than with the weightier sculpture it contains4 ,they create a pleasing ripple of merriment4 ,their light and airy modeling has the beauty of unconscious and unforced artistry4 ,the columns stand just within the northern entrance of the court1 guarding a vista of the bay4 ,a ,daughter of the ,sea ,north ,aisle1 ,court of ,ages ,in this ,daughter of the ,sea1 ,sherry ,e4 ,fry has given us a nymph who typifies the life within the watery sphere where it is deep and broad4 ,she has the robustness1 volume and vigor of the great high seas4 ,she is deep-bosomed and broad of thigh and stands as though storms and monsters had no terrors1 as one accustomed to breast and conquer the waves4 ,water creatures supplement her1 but she seems made on too goddess-like a scale to disport herself with them4 ,it is interesting to contrast this nymph of the fathomless trough of the sea with the arch and playful ,water ,sprites of the froth and ripple1 on the columns within the ,court of ,ages4 ,this statue is placed in the ,forecourt of ,ages1 facing the ,marina1 the court that is designed to graduate the richness of the larger court toward the more severe facades on the ,marina4 ,sherry ,e4 ,fry's work1 in a less rugged vein1 appears upon ,festival ,hall4 ,the ,fairy ,finial ,figure1 ,italian ,towers ,the gay and gracefully ethereal towers on corner pavilions at the entrance to the ,court of ,palms and the ,court of ,flowers1 sometimes called ,the ,kelham ,towers for their architect1 are pointed by a long and pleasing slope of wings4 ,carl ,gruppe's slender ,fairy stands upon them1 poised1 as though just alighted4 ,this finial figure has a pretty wistfulness that suggests the whimsical firefly fairies of ,peter ,pan more than the conventional gauzy creatures of ordinary fairy tale1 and is more like a female counterpart of ,shakespeare's delicate ,ariel who sucks where the bee sucks than any other creature of fancy4 ,the curving antennae increase this impression4 ,she carries in her hand a whirling star4 ,the silhouette of the figure is attractive and the halo of sky behind the head framed within the circle of the wings1 lends a distinct charm4 ,it is pleasant to have this symbol of imagination over the ,exhibit palaces1 especially in the ,courts of ,palms and ,flowers1 more suited to the fairy feeling than1 perhaps1 any other spot upon the grounds4 ,flower ,girl ,niche1 ,court of ,flowers ,the perfect balance of this ,flower ,girl by ,a4 ,stirling ,calder1 saved from any hint of rigidity by the graceful curves of its extended lines1 makes it an admirable wall decoration4 ,harmony with the wall-niche in which it appears is part of its allurement4 ,the sculptor has modestly sought to merge the figure's loveliness into that of the ,court and has succeeded in increasing both4 ,the ,flower ,girl appears in outer niches of the attic cloister of the court bearing her name1 the ,court of ,flowers4 ,a light garlanded mantle falls like a petal from her shoulders1 the floating edge following the line of the nymph's divided hair1 so that the maiden seems more like a flower itself than a flowerbearer4 ,however1 she has the sculptural solidity necessary for her location and resembles not some frail1 wind-blown blossom1 but the robust and buxom ,california blooms that flourish in the court below her4 ,beauty and the ,beast ,fountain ,detail1 ,court of ,flowers ,the ,fountain of ,beauty and the ,beast in the ,court of ,flowers accentuates the feeling of gentle fancy and the spirit of the fairytale that are the mood of this and its companion court4 ,it is by ,edgar ,walter1 a distinguished ,san ,franciscan2 he has given us a delightful1 playful and tender rendition of the old tale that has held the imagination of the world since it first appeared in ,straparola's ,piacevoli ,notti in #aeej4 ,since it was popularized by ,madame le ,prince de ,beaumont in #ageg1 the story has been translated into every language4 ,the fountain shows1 with great restraint and refinement of handling1 one of ,beauty's ministrations to the sick monster shortly before his transformation4 ,it is subject to the symbolism that may be read into the story itself2 but the note of fairy magic is the essential theme of the fountain4 ,quaint fairy pipers1 the unseen musicians of the ,monster's ,palace1 stand about the pedestal4 ,the lower basin bears a frieze of charmed or enchanted beasts1 very lightly handled and not insistent4 ,their idea is continued in the court by the gryphon decorations and ,albert ,laessle's wreath-bearing ,friendly ,lions1 at the entrances to the palaces4 ,caryatid ,court of ,palms ,the ,court of ,palms is restful1 meditative1 a place where the feeling of magical allure takes a deeper1 more subjective character4 ,it might well be called the ,court of ,pools1 for two1 quiet pools1 one circular1 one oblong except for its concave side to hold the other1 fill the floor of its sunken garden and reflect its pensive as well as its physical charms4 ,the ,caryatids repeated throughout this court are the joint work of ,john ,bateman and ,a4 ,stirling ,calder4 ,they inject into the court its fairy spirit without disturbing its repose4 ,they are ,puckish1 bat-winged1 goblin-horned fairy creatures of an eerie beauty1 elfin1 roguish and quaint4 ,their quality is enhanced by the beautiful color that has been applied to them1 to the garlanded panels between them1 to the cartouches over the archways and1 indeed1 to all the decorations on the walls and columns of this court4 ,this richness and depth of color leads the eye to the three splendid mural lunettes in the arches4 ,these are ,childe ,hassam's ,fruit and ,flowers and ,charles ,holloway's ,pursuit of ,pleasure1 at the entrances to the palaces1 and ,arthur ,mathews' ,victory of ,culture ,over ,force in the portal that leads to the ,court of the ,four ,seasons and frames a vista of the bay4 ,the ,harvest ,court of the ,four ,seasons ,the ,court of the ,four ,seasons1 classic in spirit1 finished and chaste in execution1 required a perfect harmony of mass1 line and feeling in the sculpture that was to embellish it4 ,it was the further task of the sculptors and mural painters to give the court its meaning1 to illustrate the idea of the earth's abundance and the fruitful beneficence of the seasons that is implied in the title of the court4 ,that they have nobly succeeded in this difficult double achievement is an actual triumph4 ,the ,harvest1 by ,albert ,jaegers1 crowning the half-dome1 is a magnificent bit of architectural sculpture4 ,it seems a faithful part of the surface it enriches2 its outlines are faultlessly balanced2 although its sides are varied1 its mass is superbly centered4 ,the ,goddess of the ,plentiful ,harvest sits in the slope of an overflowing cornucopia2 a sheaf of ripe wheat rests in her supporting arm2 she is attended by a lad who can scarcely lift the weight of fruit he bears4 ,the group is bound more closely to the half-dome by a graceful garland applied to the wall-surface ,mr4 ,jaegers has further illustrated the traditional idea of ,harvest ,home festivals by the vigorous groups1 ,the ,feast of ,sacrifice1 which adorn the huge pylons of this court4 ,rain ,court of the ,four ,seasons ,on separate columns flanking the ,half-,dome of the ,harvest1 ,albert ,jaegers has given us classic presentations of the two great resources of nature that bring the blessing of rich harvest4 ,these are symbolic figures1 ,rain1 here pictured1 and ,sunshine4 ,in ,rain1 the nymph of the ,earth1 holds upward a shell1 her cup1 in grateful expectation of the beneficent rainfall1 while she shields her head from the storm with a cloud-like mantle4 ,on the other column1 that of ,sunshine1 the nymph shades her head with an arching palm-branch1 though she looks up in happy appreciation to the welcome glow of the sun4 ,as in his ,harvest and ,the ,feast of ,sacrifice1 ,mr4 ,jaegers has here given with perfect restraint a sense of generous weight1 of richness1 profusion and mass that are highly satisfying in their artistic aspect and are valuable interpreters of the message of the ,court4 ,august ,jaegers1 a younger brother of this sculptor1 has embellished the arcade of this court with an attractive repeated attic figure4 ,in voluminous1 decorative draperies this female figure stands between two young orange trees1 her arms about them - significant of the harvest of ,california4 ,fountain of ,spring ,court of the ,four ,seasons ,the seasons of the year are expressed in the ,court that honors them by four wall-fountains1 the work of ,furio ,piccirilli4 ,the sculptured groups are set in colonnaded niches1 against a warm background of deep pastel pink wall4 ,the water flows over a cascade stairway4 ,the floors of this and of the basin are painted pale ,oriental green1 giving a luminous beauty to the water1 especially at night in the glow of hidden lighting4 ,the planting about the niches and the trailing green on the walls are component parts of the fountains' beauty4 ,the sculptor has felt the ,seasons in their gradual changes1 as found in ,california1 rather than in the usual sharp divisions4 ,he has infused them with a wistful sadness1 however1 as at the passing of time4 ,in ,spring1 here illustrated1 for example1 we feel something more than the ,youth1 ,flowers1 ,love and ,promise obvious in the composition - something tender and romantic but by no means gay4 ,fountain of ,winter ,court of the ,four ,seasons ,fountains of ,summer1 ,autumn and ,winter1 by the same sculptor as ,spring1 just described1 are similarly installed in their respective niches in the ,court of ,four ,seasons4 ,in ,summer is represented the earth's early fruition4 ,a young mother lifts her new-born babe for its father's kiss4 ,a gleaner harvests the grain4 ,over all is a gentle solemnity4 ,in ,autumn1 probably the most admired of the four1 against the background of a fruit-bearing tree1 a superb nymph bears proudly the full jar of wine or oil4 ,on one side a crouched figure gathers a richly-laden garland of the vine2 on the other1 a youthful1 kneeling female figure plays with a lusty child4 ,even this period of completion is marked by the general pensive beauty4 ,it is emphasized most1 however1 in ,winter1 here illustrated4 ,the bowed1 worn toiler rests on his shovel1 the spirit of the year waits1 still and brooding4 ,but1 on the other hand1 the sower is ready to cast the new seeds2 the cycle re-commences4 ,fountain of ,ceres ,forecourt of the ,four ,seasons ,the ,forecourt of the ,seasons1 the continuation of the ,court of the ,four ,seasons to the ,marina1 is officially called the ,forecourt of ,ceres1 because of ,evelyn ,beatrice ,longman's ,fountain of ,ceres which commands it4 ,ceres1 or ,demeter1 the goddess of ,agriculture1 presided over the ,earth's abundance4 ,by her favor1 came the good harvest2 she it was who first instructed man in the use of the plough4 ,in the loveliest of antique myths she is the mother of ,prosperine1 the ,spring4 ,miss ,longman has expressed her as exultant1 regal1 young - far less matronly than as conventionally pictured - glorying in her power to bless the cooperative labors of man and nature4 ,she holds as her sceptre the stalk of corn1 and offers the crown of summer to the world4 ,the central figure is not more lovely than the pedestal base on which she stands4 ,a frieze of dancing maidens1 wrought in cleancut low relief1 ,greek in manner1 celebrate the ,harvest feast4 ,in the accompanying illustration1 the groups on pylons1 by ,albert ,jaegers1 already described1 may be seen in the background4 ,the ,genius of ,creation ,central ,group1 ,avenue of ,progress ,the ,genius of ,creation1 by ,daniel ,chester ,french1 has the superb simplicity of all works of that master of sculptural calm1 intellectual power and straightforward sincerity4 ,mr4 ,french is said to make no mistakes in composition2 his precision is not dryness but technical ease and infallibility2 his classical quality is not obedience to tradition but insight1 into the underlying laws that made tradition4 ,here we have a splendid example of his perfection of mass1 balance and finish and of quiet1 inspiring depth and directness of feeling4 ,creation extends life-giving arms over the universe4 ,serene1 brooding1 blessing1 the noble face emerges from mysterious shadows of the enveloping mantle4 ,the sculptural quality of the draperies1 their weight and texture and grace are notable4 ,at the foot of the pedestal rock1 man and woman stand - facing different sides1 but their hands are clasped at the back of the group4 ,the ,serpent surrounds all1 inevitably suggestive of the story of ,genesis1 but symbolic of the waters from which life emerged and the encircling oneness of the universe4 ,the ,genius of ,mechanics ,column ,friezes1 ,machinery ,hall ,all of the sculpture about the ,palace of ,machinery partakes appropriately of the size and strength of that huge building which houses the world's progress in mechanical arts4 ,the sculpture1 like the building1 is ,roman rather than ,greek in type and modern ,american in vigor and expression1 as are the chief contents of the ,palace4 ,the sculptor1 ,haig ,patigian of ,san ,francisco1 has expressed this combination with power and virility4 ,the frieze here illustrated appears at the base of massive columns1 interestingly made of simulated ,sienna marble1 the warm tones truly reproduced4 ,the frieze is extremely energetic1 although well restrained1 and supports the great column as a basic frieze should do1 especially when its subject is so appropriate to the purpose4 ,two winged ,genii1 one holding a pulley1 one upholding the column upon his hands1 alternate with two ,disciples1 for whom their extended wings create a background4 ,one of these is complemented by hammer and anvil1 the other by furnace and tongs4 ,both share the column's weight on powerful arms4 ,the imaginary figures show potential strength in repose1 the human figures potent strength in action4 ,the frieze in low relief is colorful and decorative4 ,the ,powers ,column ,finials1 ,machinery ,hall ,high upon the mighty columns that surround1 relieve and give color to the immense facades of ,machinery ,palace1 are ,haig ,patigian's masculine and trenchant figures ,the ,four ,powers4 ,these are of heroic height1 and create an impression of superhuman size and strength even when raised so far above the ground4 ,they have a simple robustness that accords well with their theme4 ,two of the ,powers are abstract1 the driving powers of thought2 these are ,invention and ,imagination4 ,two are concrete1 representing the mightiest powers of modern mechanics1 ,steam ,power and ,electric ,power4 ,steam ,power is forcing the driving arm of an engine2 ,electric ,power1 the world at his feet1 handles the lightnings4 ,he wears the winged cap of ,mercury1 messenger of the gods1 for electricity is the messenger of modern days4 ,invention1 crowned with the bays of achievement1 holds in his hand a bird-man about to leave the earth2 ,imagination1 accompanied by the eagle making ready to soar1 dreams with closed eyes4 ,pirate ,deck-,hand ,niches1 ,north ,facade of ,palaces ,the northern facades of all the palaces along the ,marina are beautifully embellished above the vestibules with an intricate plateresque decoration1 modeled after portals in ,old ,spain4 ,in the three ornate statue-niches - in the original probably devoted to saintly images - are romantic figures by ,allen ,newman4 ,it is appropriate that these figures facing the water-front should represent1 as they do1 the ,conquistador and the ,pirate ,deck-hand1 who once were masters and terrors of the main4 ,the ,conquistador stands in the central canopied niche1 the strong line from his helmet-point down his sword-hilt making a grimly decorative axis for the whole4 ,the ,deck-hand is repeated in the niches on each side4 ,this ruthless minion of sea adventurers is here pictured beyond the urchin's dreams4 ,the line of the rope he carries is a touch of excellently handled decoration4 ,both these figures are so well harmonized architecturally and sculpturally to their pedestals and location that the entire facade should be seen for their proper appreciation4 ,from ,generation to ,generation ,palace of ,varied ,industries ,in the portals on the south side of the group of palaces1 facing the ,avenue of ,palms1 we have again the beauteous old ,spanish doorways in plateresque design1 with niches filled with modern sculpture4 ,the portal of the ,palace of ,varied ,industries1 copied from a famous prototype in the old hospice of ,santa ,cruz1 in ,toledo1 ,spain1 was assigned to ,ralph ,stackpole4 ,he is a sculptor who delights to honor the laborer and the craftsman and has supplied the figures for niches and keystone space and the tympanum and secondary groups in the portal of ,varied ,industries with evident affection4 ,he treats the subject of labor with dignity1 according it respect and not sentimentality4 ,in this secondary or crowning group1 a strong young man is taking the burden of labor from the shoulders of the last generation - an old workman1 bowed but still hale and vigorous4 ,there is a sense of responsibility and earnestness in the group1 but complete confidence and power4 ,it might well have been feared that these rugged types of ,american life might ill accord with the ancient ornate doorway4 ,but the decorative proprieties have been thoroughly sustained4 ,the ,man with the ,pick ,palace of ,varied ,industries ,in the repeated niches following the line of the archway in the portal of ,varied ,industries1 described in the foregoing page1 appears ,ralph ,stackpole's ,man ,with the ,pick1 a manly tribute to the intelligent1 self-respecting workman who is the basis of our national life4 ,there is a frank and unaffected realism in the work that attracts by its uncapitulating sincerity4 ,its impression of rugged power and self-respect saves it from becoming merely photographic1 and its plastic feeling is excellent4 ,in this and the preceding group1 as also in the keystone figure and the tympanum1 the courageous employment of the actual commonplace garments of everyday labor instead of idealized draperies has met success4 ,the tympanum group is called ,varied ,industries4 ,it appreciates the various daily labors of mankind through which civilization continues and is almost devotional in its expression - in the handicraft of their work is their prayer4 ,the ,useful ,arts ,frieze ,over ,south ,portals ,another artist who appreciates the spirit and enterprise of our own day and finds inspiration in its humble labors is ,mahonri ,young4 ,this feeling appears in much of his work and is notable in the panel of ,useful ,arts1 as also in the niche figures that flank it and are really part of the conception4 ,these appear over the handsome portal arch of the ,liberal ,arts ,palace4 ,the beautiful grouping of the many figures in the panel is a delight2 the planes of perspective are skillfully handled1 without in the least marring the flat surface requisite in a mural panel4 ,this panel of ,useful ,arts does honor to skilled labor4 ,men and women are shown busy with the spinning-wheel1 the anvil1 the forge and other implements of skilled craft4 ,satisfying figures in the niches1 the ,woman with the ,distaff and the ,man with the ,sledge-,hammer1 continue the same idea4 ,mr4 ,young's place in art is unique in that he has won distinguished consideration in three branches - painting1 etching and sculpture4 ,in the ,palace of ,fine ,arts he exhibits twelve etchings and nine works of sculpture1 several of each devoted to the phases of life expressed in this panel4 ,triumph of the ,field ,niches ,west ,facade of ,palaces ,in the western facade of the ,palaces of ,food ,products and ,education are examples of the new tendency in sculpture4 ,these are ,the ,triumph of the ,field and ,abundance by ,charles ,r4 ,harley1 the modernist4 ,he has made them intricate and teeming with imagery1 giving the beholder much food for study and personal interpretation4 ,these works have been useful in arousing much artistic discussion4 ,they endeavor to express a mood of richness1 fullness and success and have the effect of laden chariots in a triumphant pageant4 ,in ,the ,triumph of the ,field1 ,man sits upon the skeleton head of a steer1 surrounded by a multitude of symbols indicative of festivals of agricultural success in the past4 ,some are pagan1 some ,christian4 ,above his head is the wheel of an antique wagon2 he holds crude farm implements of long-past days4 ,in ,abundance1 the companion piece1 ,nature1 a female figure1 sits in the prow of a ship1 surrounded by the abundance of land and sea4 ,her hands are extended2 one1 in order to receive greatly2 the other1 that she may greatly give4 ,worship ,altar of ,fine ,arts ,rotunda ,this lovely1 adoring figure1 pure1 devoted1 appealing1 emblematic of ,art ,tending the ,fires of ,inspiration1 is placed upon the ,altar before the ,palace of ,fine ,arts and can be seen only from across the waters of the lagoon4 ,her perfect self-surrender to her holy task of guarding inspiration's flame is a sermon and a poem4 ,she is the worshipful spirit for whose reward the glow of genius is sent4 ,she is an image of the perfect reverence for an ideal4 ,it is interesting to note that she is by the same hand that fashioned those rugged laborers on the portals of the ,palace of ,varied ,industries1 that of ,ralph ,stackpole4 ,the altar of ,fine ,arts1 separated from the beholder by the whole width of the beautiful lagoon1 set before the great rotunda and surrounded by sculptured barriers and growing green buttress walls of flowers that quite shut it off from all access of the passerby1 has the effect of a shrine4 ,this sense of seclusion adds much to the impressiveness of the statue4 ,the ,struggle for the ,beautiful ,frieze1 ,fine ,arts ,rotunda ,a surpassingly beautiful contribution to the ,exposition art has been made by ,bruno ,louis ,zimm in his panels of ,greek culture4 ,these lovely panels in low relief1 surely worthy of a permanent medium1 are set in the attic of the ,rotunda or ,belvedere before the ,palace of ,fine ,arts1 used and known as the ,temple of ,sculpture4 ,the panels express not so much the historical ,greek tradition - though they are1 indeed1 produced in the purest ,greek manner - as they do the high spirit and ideals of ,greek art1 the devoted seeking for divine fire1 the determined opposition to the trivial and the base4 ,each of the panels is once repeated4 ,the panel of ,the ,triumph of ,apollo shows the fiery god of ,inspiration1 ,music and the ,sun in a procession of worshipers2 his flaming wings are the rays of the sun4 ,the panel of ,the ,unattainable in ,art might well be called ,the ,struggle for the ,beautiful4 ,it pictures the unending struggle with the gross and stupid1 both objective and subjective1 that confronts the champion of the beautiful4 ,art stands serene1 aloof1 unassailable in the center of the fray4 ,the panel of ,pegasus shows the winged steed of the poets controlled by a true aspirant1 attended by ,music1 ,literature and ,art4 ,guardian of the ,arts ,attic of ,fine ,arts ,rotunda ,two stately ,guardians of the ,arts1 one male1 one female1 of godlike proportions and great dignity1 are placed in the attic of the ,fine ,arts ,rotunda1 separating the panels of ,greek culture4 ,they are the work of ,ulric ,h4 ,ellerhusen1 who has shown a keen perception of the structural necessities involved in these immense details4 ,the ,rotunda of ,fine ,arts1 the temple of ,sculpture1 is one of the most interesting architectural features of the ,exposition4 ,it is the culminating beauty of the marvelous colonnade of ,fine ,arts ,palace1 its chief distinction4 ,within are some of the treasures of the exhibit sculpture4 ,under the arching dome are ,robert ,reid's mural paintings described in a later place4 ,the ,weeping ,figures on top of the colonnade itself are also by ,mr4 ,ellerhusen4 ,they express the humility that ennobles the true artistic spirit and distinguishes it from the spurious4 ,instead of the self-satisfied ,triumph or ,victory that might be expected to crown this last of the ,exposition palaces1 these represent the spirit of ,art weeping at the impossibility of achieving her dreams4 ,priestess of ,culture ,within the ,fine ,arts ,rotunda ,high on the decorative columns that mark the great arches within the beautiful ,rotunda of ,fine ,arts1 stand1 repeated1 the peaceful1 dignified and serene ,priestess of ,culture1 by ,herbert ,adams1 an angelic figure1 modeled with the control and calm that fittingly express the mission of culture upon the earth4 ,indeed the work of ,mr4 ,adams may be said generally to be characterized by that probity and intellectual beauty ministering to the purposes of culture4 ,these figures are harmonious ornaments to the richly decorated ceiling which they touch and to which they give a certain tranquillity4 ,the slope of their wings connects gracefully with that of the arches2 this1 with the quiet beauty of the drapery and its accord with the line of the cornucopia1 creates a restful architectural effect4 ,it is a pleasant coincidence that these ,priestesses of ,culture look down upon the statue of ,william ,cullen ,bryant by the same sculptor1 an exhibit piece1 charmingly installed at the entrance to the great ,rotunda4 ,frieze ,flower ,boxes1 ,fine ,arts ,colonnade ,the very large flower boxes bearing masses of luxuriant ,california shrubs that mark the ,peristyle ,walk in the ,fine ,arts ,colonnade are constantly admired for their own beauty1 the beauty of their contents and their part in the general effectiveness of the delightful ,colonnade they enrich4 ,the friezes are by ,ulric ,h4 ,ellerhusen1 who made also the ,weeping ,figures and the heroic ,guardians of ,arts already described4 ,it is interesting to note that the precision of handling has given this design1 in spite of its size1 an exquisite delicacy4 ,standing at charmingly balanced intervals1 a circle of maidens bear a heavy rope-garland4 ,this rope makes a gratifying line that has given pleasure to connoisseurs4 ,the frieze is so successful largely because1 though frankly decorative as suits its purpose1 its personality and charm distinguish it from the pattern-like or conventional4 ,the landscape planting in the boxes1 in the flower beds and above1 is one of the enduring attractions of this colonnade and walk4 ,the green is architecturally massed and the relief of flowers bright and delicate1 never intrusive4 ,the ,pioneer ,mother ,exhibit1 ,fine ,arts ,colonnade ,the ,pioneer ,mother monument1 by ,charles ,grafly1 is a permanent bronze1 a tribute by the people of the ,west to the women who laid the foundation of their welfare4 ,it is to stand in the ,san ,francisco ,civic ,center1 where its masterful simplicity will be more impressive than in this colorful colonnade4 ,it is a true addition to noteworthy ,american works of art and fully expresses the spirit of this courageous motherhood1 tender but strong1 adventurous but womanly1 enduring but not humble4 ,it has escaped every pitfall of mawkishness1 stubbornly refused to descend to mere prettiness1 and lived up to the noblest possibilities of its theme4 ,the strong guiding hands1 the firmly set feet1 the clear1 broad brow of the ,mother and the uncompromisingly simple1 sculpturally pure lines of figure and garments are honest and commanding in beauty4 ,the children1 too1 are modeled with affectionate sincerity and are a realistic interpretation of childish charm4 ,oxen skulls1 pine cones1 leaves and cacti decorate the base2 the panels show the old sailing vessel1 the ,golden ,gate and the trans-continental trails4 ,the inscription by ,benjamin ,ide ,wheeler perfectly expresses what the sculptor has portrayed4 ,lafayette ,exhibit1 ,fine ,arts ,rotunda ,paul ,wayland ,bartlett's ,lafayette1 of which this is a plaster copy1 should be known and honored by every loyal ,american4 ,it is considered by many the most successful equestrian statue of modern times and it was the gift of the school children of ,america to the ,republic of ,france4 ,the original bronze stands in the ,court of the ,louvre1 the most coveted location in ,paris4 ,the position of honor among the sculpture exhibits accorded to this copy1 as the central piece in the ,temple of ,sculpture1 gives the impressive beauty of the ,lafayette the distinction it deserves4 ,seen at a little distance1 with the background of the lagoon1 the superb bearing of both horse and rider get their full effect4 ,this interpretation of ,lafayette1 commanding1 heroic1 graceful1 unselfconscious1 his ,gallic dash and fire evident but restrained by military and aristocratic control1 is stirring and convincing4 ,the upheld sword is a touch of fine artistry4 ,mr4 ,bartlett was ,chairman for ,sculpture of the ,exposition ,jury of ,fine ,arts4 ,he has just completed the pedestal heads for the ,house wing of the ,capitol at ,washington4 ,his ,dying ,lion1 exhibited in plaster copy in the ,fine ,arts garden1 has been coupled by critics with the ,wounded ,lion of ,rodin4 ,thomas ,jefferson ,exhibit1 ,fine ,arts ,rotunda ,all the work of the late ,karl ,bitter bears a peculiar appeal at this time1 since he was ,chief of ,sculpture of the ,exposition1 was so close personally to many of the men who made its beauty1 was so valuable an influence to the art of our nation and left so ennobling a memory as man and as artist4 ,his sustained1 faithful and enduring works are well represented in the exhibit galleries by his ,signing of the ,louisiana ,purchase ,treaty1 made for the ,st4 ,louis ,exposition and loaned by that city2 his ,tappan ,memorial from the ,university of ,michigan2 his ,rockefeller ,fountain1 and the appealing ,faded ,flowers4 ,a medal of honor was awarded to him4 ,thomas ,jefferson was always a sympathetic study to ,karl ,bitter1 who has interpreted that statesman1 scholar and patriot in his several capacities4 ,the original of the present statue was made for the ,university of ,virginia2 ,jefferson said he preferred to be remembered as founder of that institution rather than as ,president of the ,united ,states4 ,he is here represented in a moment of meditative leisure4 ,lincoln ,exhibit1 ,south ,approach ,two noble ,lincolns by the great ,augustus ,saint-,gaudens do honor to the city of ,chicago and are distinguished by the titles ,the ,standing ,lincoln and ,the ,seated ,lincoln4 ,both have the homely beauty1 greatness and dignity of character that are essential to the presentment of this national inspiration4 ,the ,seated ,lincoln here shown is the original bronze1 not a replica4 ,it was loaned1 under the protection of heavy insurance1 to the ,fine ,arts ,department1 and will soon be installed in a ,chicago park4 ,it is the property of the ,lincoln ,memorial ,fund1 a foundation of #ajj1jjj left by the late ,john ,crerar to commemorate ,abraham ,lincoln in ,chicago4 ,saint-,gaudens1 having made ,the ,standing ,lincoln with such success1 was given the opportunity for a new presentation of this great theme4 ,the ,seated ,lincoln has a soul-stirring expression of figure and countenance2 the crumpled shirt1 the square-toed shoes1 the well-known shawl draped upon the chair1 are not more real than the simple greatness of soul that somehow expresses itself throughout4 ,earle ,dodge ,memorial ,exhibit1 ,fine ,arts ,rotunda ,the ,princeton ,student made by ,daniel ,chester ,french as the ,earle ,dodge ,memorial1 is lent to the ,exposition by the trustees of ,princeton ,university4 ,it is this master's expression of the type of young manhood that makes for the winning of respect and enthusiastic friendship and worthy leadership in our modern college life4 ,full of energy and spirit1 the youth steps forward1 physically rugged1 of athletic prowess and sportsmanly character1 intelligent1 frank1 clearbrowed1 fearless and straightforward of gaze1 bearing his books with care and ease and draped with the academic gown1 symbol of scholastic achievement4 ,to give this figure of young manhood the solemnity of a memorial and still keep it true to the hearty and cheerful vigor it depicts was a notable achievement4 ,the setting in one of the arches of the ,rotunda1 with the lagoon and the landscape-planting in the background1 is admirable4 ,two great universities have in recent years been graced by ,mr4 ,french's work2 his ,alma ,mater on the great stairway of the ,columbia ,university ,library is one of the art treasures of ,new ,york ,city4 ,fountain ,foyer1 ,palace of ,fine ,arts ,this fountain1 by ,gertrude ,vanderbilt ,whitney1 who made the ,fountain of ,el ,dorado for the ,exposition1 is strikingly different from that work in treatment and character1 showing a notable versatility and responsiveness to change in motif4 ,as that was poetically symbolic1 this is a massive direct work in a more virile and vigorous manner4 ,it shows three well-modeled nudes supporting a bowl heavy with richly laden vines4 ,its installation in the center of the entrance hall of the ,fine ,arts ,palace is in itself a work of art4 ,the white marble fountain - for this is the original work1 loaned by the artist - is cleverly contrasted with vivid green water plants in the bowl2 just enough of them and tastefully placed4 ,and in the rim small trees are set1 of well-chosen verdure1 shape and size4 ,the fountain was awarded a bronze medal4 ,wildflower ,garden ,exhibit1 ,colonnade ,one of the most varied and interesting talents among the younger men of distinction who have exhibited in the ,department of ,fine ,arts is that of ,edward ,berge of ,baltimore4 ,the entire originality and freedom from mannerism with which each subject is met1 and the variety of the subjects themselves1 are worthy of note1 as are also ,mr4 ,berge's singular lightness and fluidity of method4 ,his correctness is apparently unlabored4 ,no small piece has more admirers than this sweet and merry little ,wildflower4 ,a secret of her appeal may lie in the fact that the artist is the father of the model4 ,the little girl1 crowned with a wildflower1 posed with the pertness of a wayside blossom1 her hands extended like pointed leaves1 has a roguishness and playful grace that charm4 ,with something of the same humorous whimsy ,mr4 ,berge exhibits a ,sundial showing a nude baby1 buxom and cuddlesome1 embracing a new doll while the old one lies discarded1 illustrating the legend1 ,there is no ,time like the ,present4 ,the ,boy with the ,fish ,garden ,exhibit1 ,colonnade ,bela ,lyon ,pratt1 widely esteemed for his vital and imposing serious works1 of which a splendid collection here exhibited has been awarded a gold medal1 has amused himself and all of us with this jolly little garden piece1 ,the ,boy ,with the ,fish4 ,it is a unique bronze1 never to be reproduced or copied4 ,though hundreds of persons have wished to purchase replicas1 no one can ever do so1 for the owner stipulated with the sculptor never to allow reproduction4 ,the moulds have been destroyed4 ,but no one can stop the joyous memory in many minds of this spirited little elf1 riding a turtle1 struggling with his slippery fish and having so much fun about the difficult feat4 ,one of ,mr4 ,pratt's more serious works that is attracting the deserved attention of ,exposition visitors is ,the ,whaleman1 a detail of his noble ,whaleman's ,memorial4 ,this sculptor has done much to encourage individuality and earnestness among the younger men1 not only by example but also in his capacity of instructor in the ,boston ,museum of ,fine ,arts4 ,young ,diana ,garden ,exhibit1 ,colonnade ,janet ,scudder1 an ,american artist whose work has been as highly honored in ,france as in her native land1 is known chiefly for her poetic and happy expressions of the out-of-door spirit4 ,her fountains and garden pieces are small and sportive but intensely sincere and never trivial4 ,she has a pagan sense of natural imagery and a deep feeling for childhood4 ,her finish is delicate and perfect4 ,the ,young ,diana1 here illustrated1 girlish1 with singularly natural untrammeled grace - slender1 beautiful and novel in conception - was awarded honorable mention in the ,paris ,salon of #aiaa4 ,the young goddess of the chase1 the moon and of maidens1 is presented as still more of a maid than a goddess1 glad with the freedom of girlhood1 unconscious of her ,olympian inheritance4 ,miss ,scudder has received the distinction of having one of her fountains purchased by the ,metropolitan ,museum in ,new ,york4 ,this is the ,frog ,fountain which1 loaned by that ,museum1 appears in the ,palace of ,fine ,arts4 ,her ,little ,lady of the ,sea1 also here exhibited1 received notable consideration in the ,paris ,salon of #aiac4 ,she is the holder of a silver medal awarded by the present ,exposition4 ,young ,pan ,garden ,exhibit1 ,colonnade ,one of the charms of the ,exposition lies in the fact that the long rainless summer and beautiful plant-life of ,california permit the garden pieces to be displayed out of doors in the setting desired for them by their sculptors4 ,this little ,pan of ,janet ,scudder's1 for instance1 is far happier in his appropriate mass of foliage than if he were inside of a gallery4 ,young ,pan1 a garden figure1 is witty1 elfin1 very engaging4 ,he is a seaside ,pan instead of the woodland dweller usually portrayed4 ,his foot is - rather recklessly one would think1 were this not a magical1 superhuman being - placed heel-down upon the back of a great crab4 ,a pretty pedestal base1 with sea-shell decoration1 supports the baby god4 ,this base1 by the way1 ,miss ,scudder attributes as the work of ,laurence ,grant ,white4 ,pan is enjoying the music of the two long pipes he blows-playing one of the unplaced wild lilts of nature1 we may be sure4 ,this sense of enjoyment and his debonair little swagger are festive and delightful4 ,his mischievous gaiety communicates itself to the beholder4 ,this humorous quality appears in another merry little god by the same sculptor1 her ,flying ,cupid1 close at hand4 ,fighting ,boys ,garden ,exhibit1 ,colonnade ,another evidence of the charm of outdoor installation is seen in ,miss ,scudder's ,fountain of the ,fighting ,boys1 so beautifully placed1 with the waters in actual play1 in the ,peristyle ,walk about the ,fine ,arts ,palace4 ,the original of this little fountain is owned by the ,art ,institute of ,chicago4 ,there can be no doubt that this fight is without rancor2 the faces of the cherubic contestants are so gay and good-natured that only the determined little tug of the hair1 the business-like pressure of chubby knee upon knee1 the uncertain possession of the big fish that is the cause of contention1 makes us see that a battle is raging4 ,the boys fight merrily1 evidently enjoying both the contest and the downpour of water that complicates it4 ,an unexpected accidental beauty has been added to this and all the ,exposition fountains4 ,some colorful substance in the water that plays upon them has given soft touches of the same rich ochre tone that appears in the columns4 ,this increases the effectiveness and takes away the appearance of boldness or newness1 substituting a weather-beaten and permanent aspect4 ,when long spires of flowers are in bloom and reflect their beauty in this little fountain pool1 the gayety and loveliness of the spot are entrancing4 ,duck ,baby ,garden ,exhibit1 ,colonnade ,the contagious mirth of ,the ,duck ,baby1 a garden figure by ,edith ,barretto ,parsons1 is irresistible4 ,this plump little image of good cheer conquers the most serious2 every observer breaks into answering chuckles as this smile-compelling small person1 holding fast her victims1 beams upon them4 ,the frieze of busy ducklings on the pedestal base adds to the amusing impression4 ,this figure makes such a universal appeal that thousands of postal card pictures and amateur photographs by exposition visitors have been sent in a steady stream throughout the land1 scattering the ,duck ,baby's good cheer far and wide ever since the ,exposition opened4 ,in the presence of so much that is weighty and powerful1 this popularity of the ,duck ,baby is significant and touching indication of the world's hunger for what is cheerful and mirth provoking4 ,another well-liked and winsome work with a chubby baby figure at its center is ,the ,bird ,bath by ,caroline ,risque1 in which a lovable baby1 with an expression of the tenderest sympathy1 holds a little bird to his breast4 ,muse ,finding the ,head of ,orpheus ,garden ,exhibit1 ,colonnade ,under the branches of a low tree the poetic group by ,edward ,berge1 ,muse ,finding the ,head of ,orpheus1 a white marble group of superior elegance and texture1 arrests the passerby4 ,a ,muse kneels1 drooping in exquisite pathos over the head of ,orpheus found in the waves4 ,the sculptor has chosen the tragic side of the ,orphean myth4 ,the son of ,apollo and the ,muse ,calliope1 whose heaven-taught lyre charmed men and beasts1 melted rocks and even opened the gates of ,erebus1 had failed to win from death his bride1 ,eurydice1 lost to him for the second time4 ,as he wandered disconsolate1 the ,thracian bacchantes wooed him in vain4 ,maddened by failure and by their bacchanal revels1 they called upon ,bacchus to avenge1 and hurled a javelin upon him4 ,but the music charmed the weapon1 until the wild women drowned it with their cries4 ,then they dismembered the singer and threw him to the waves2 but the very fragments were melodious and reached the ,muses1 who buried them where the nightingale still sings ,eurydice4 ,so runs the allegory2 even drowned by earthly clamors1 slain and torn by wanton hands1 the song of ,poetry continues1 the weeping ,muses save4 ,diana ,garden ,exhibit1 ,south ,lagoon ,in a setting of surpassing appropriateness and beauty1 installed high amid the tall shrubbery as if emerging from the edge of one of her own forests1 the huntress ,diana points the arrow she is about to let fly4 ,this rendering by ,haig ,patigian1 who made the heroic ,powers and other decorations on ,machinery ,hall1 is simple1 classic1 pure1 imaginative1 poetic in purpose and in effect4 ,he has softened the traditional coldness of the goddess by a warmer humanity without injuring the sense of proud aloofness4 ,the ,maiden goddess of the ,hunt bears in her hand the crescent bow1 its lines here strongly suggestive of those of the young moon1 of which it is the symbol and this goddess the deity4 ,mr4 ,patigian exhibits in the ,colonnade a companion piece1 ,apollo1 the ,sun ,god1 twin brother of ,diana4 ,a vivid figure of manly grace1 ,apollo is presented in the guise of the sun of the morning4 ,he kneels and shoots an arrow upward2 the long1 pleasing curve of his bow suggests the outline of the sun above the horizon as ,apollo releases his first bright shaft of light4 ,eurydice ,garden ,exhibit1 ,colonnade ,this ,eurydice1 by ,furio ,piccirilli1 pictures the nymph as standing against the background of an echoing rock1 listening to the distant strains of the magic lyre of her lover1 ,orpheus4 ,orpheus had been taught to play by ,apollo1 his father1 and could enchant the animate and inanimate world by his music4 ,so he charmed the nymph1 ,eurydice2 but ,hymen1 god of marriage1 refused to prophesy happiness at their nuptials and soon ,eurydice1 in escaping from a pursuer1 trod upon a snake1 was bitten and died4 ,orpheus' sorrowful music moved all the earth to pity4 ,even ,pluto and the keepers of ,erebus relented1 allowed the musician to descend into their forbidden realm and lead ,eurydice back to life1 provided he should not turn backward to gaze upon her until they reached the world of mortals4 ,but the lover could not resist the desire to assure himself of her presence1 looked1 and lost her forever4 ,furio ,piccirilli1 who made this marble1 is the sculptor who has graced the ,exposition with the four ,fountains of the ,seasons in the ,court of that name4 ,for this ,eurydice and his other small group1 ,mother and ,child1 he has taken a silver medal4 ,wood ,nymph ,garden ,exhibit1 ,colonnade ,isadore ,konti1 from whose hand came also the inspiring1 panels at the base of the ,column of ,progress1 described in a preceding page1 is the sculptor of this pretty ,hamadryad4 ,the ,dryads and ,hamadryads lived1 according to old legend1 within the trunks of trees and perished with their homes4 ,so it was an impious act to destroy a tree without cause4 ,this nymph of the woods has emerged from the tree-trunk home or from some rocky fastness and taken the urn of a naiad1 a sister nymph of brook and fountain1 to give drink to the gentle1 confident fawn that is her charge4 ,the little animal is lapping the stream that flows from the overturned vase4 ,this study in white marble follows tradition and is regarded chiefly for its gentle grace and careful tooling4 ,it is harmoniously composed and has a beautiful surface4 ,mr4 ,konti's varying moods are1 represented in the ,fine ,arts collection by a number of works1 each revealing a different intention - from the pretty and restful1 like this1 to the large and stirring4 ,l',amour ,garden ,exhibit1 ,colonnade ,there are few more complete examples of delicacy of feeling and of refined1 caressing perfection of tooling than this exquisite marble group1 ,l',amour1 by ,evelyn ,beatrice ,longman4 ,the purity of its emotion1 the tenderness and fidelity of its poignant pose1 are surpassed only by the marvel of surface finish4 ,the surface has been gone over so lovingly1 so painstakingly1 so repeatedly that the marble has taken on the soft1 warm impression of living flesh4 ,and the gentle unstrained modeling has the plastic grace of the human body4 ,miss ,longman1 winner1 by the way1 of a silver medal for exhibits in the ,fine ,arts1 is the maker of the ,fountain of ,ceres in the ,forecourt of ,seasons that has been described4 ,she is an earnest and serious artist of abundant talent whose work is treated with ever-increasing respect and admiration4 ,she won the competition for the doors of the ,naval ,academy at ,annapolis1 for which there were many distinguished aspirants4 ,she presents ,love in the group under discussion as a rarefied and inspiring emotion in which the physical and spiritual commingle and sense helps soul as well as soul helps sense4 ,an ,outcast ,garden ,exhibit1 ,colonnade ,this epic figure1 ,an ,outcast1 compelling by its earnestness and the tragedy of its motive idea1 is handled with firmness1 assurance and a perfect sense of volume and sculptural mass values4 ,it is exhibited by ,attilio ,piccirilli1 the artist who designed the ,maine ,memorial in ,new ,york ,city4 ,the appeal of ,an ,outcast is too direct to need any illumination4 ,its frank bigness and physical power and tenseness1 so suggestive and so desperate1 are ,rodinesque4 ,but though the work is influenced by that master's school and thought1 it is by no means a copy of his method4 ,this sculptor has a number of interesting groups in the exhibit palaces and has been granted a gold medal4 ,the dejected and desolate ,outcast1 so huge and so tragic1 is in sharp contrast with the quaint and fanciful ,fawn's ,toilet1 by the same hand1 at the entrance to the ,colonnade4 ,attilio and ,furio ,piccirilli1 whose work has been here noticed1 are brothers1 members of a family of sculptors4 ,the ,sower ,garden ,exhibit1 ,colonnade ,one of the most useful services of a great ,exposition1 especially as it relates to the world of art1 is its service in bringing to the attention of the public the power of new and rising stars on the horizon of achievement4 ,albin ,polasek has made his work generally felt at this ,exposition1 where he received a silver medal4 ,he is one of the most talented sculptors of the ,american ,academy at ,rome4 ,he won honorable mention in the ,paris ,salon in #aiac1 and the ,prix de ,rome in #aiaj4 ,he was the holder of the ,cresson scholarship4 ,his ,sower was the culminating work of his early labors1 the product of his final year at ,rome1 in which year a heroic figure is required of every student4 ,it caused the critics to prophesy for this sculptor the future that is developing4 ,mr4 ,polasek's work has the same unassailable rigor of truth as that of ,charles ,grafly1 who was his teacher4 ,the ,sower ennobles an humble theme4 ,it has sweep and life and distinction of bearing4 ,in ,the ,girl of the ,roman ,compagna1 close at hand in this ,colonnade1 the sculptor shows his equal power in a softer theme4 ,the ,roman girl is a well-poised and beautiful expression of the spirit of old ,rome in the days of her grand simplicity4 ,the ,bison ,garden ,exhibit1 ,south ,approach ,these mighty monarchs of the plains1 now disinherited by human progress1 the ,american bisons1 are here more than portrayed2 they are realized4 ,their essential characteristics1 their strong mass1 bulky without clumsiness1 are made present and convincing in these two statues by ,a4 ,phimister ,proctor1 a master of animal sculpture4 ,there is good reason for the living and sharp aspect of these plaster models4 ,they are not copies of the permanent statues2 they are the sculptor's own original plasters from which the permanent pieces were cast4 ,a number of ,mr4 ,proctor's animal studies stand in the great zoological parks of our nation4 ,he does not idealize or humanize the beasts he depicts2 but he understands them and reverses the underlying life that gives them their racial and personal individuality4 ,partly his ,canadian love of the wild1 partly a technician's delight in mastering this difficult phase of art1 has caused a lifelong devotion to animal studies4 ,they are not photographic1 but combine the qualities of sculptural beauty with rugged and imposing freedom4 ,a varied and stimulating collection of ,mr4 ,proctor's work1 exhibited at the ,exposition1 has won a gold medal4 ,it includes the famous ,princeton ,tiger4 ,the ,scout ,garden ,exhibit1 ,south ,lagoon ,cyrus ,edwin ,dallin has devoted many years and much of his high talent to the poetry and beauty of the ,american ,indian4 ,he says that this ,scout is to be the last of his long series of ,indian studies1 and he believes it to be the best of them all4 ,surely it has an exalted beauty and is a noble example of ,mr4 ,dallin's firm1 finished1 accurate method1 perfection of restraint and free grace of modeling4 ,it has a clear and beautiful directness that is almost ,greek in feeling4 ,those who do not believe in the picturesqueness and dignity of the ,indian as celebrated in these bronzes1 need only to have seen the photographs in the exhibit of the ,indian ,memorial booth in the ,palace of ,education4 ,some of the chiefs there shown have the dignity of ,caesar and the knightly splendor of heroic periods4 ,copies of almost all the ,dallin ,indians and other of his notable works appear in the ,palace of ,fine ,arts1 where ,mr4 ,dallin is a gold medalist2 ,they include the famous ,appeal to the ,great ,spirit1 which stands before the ,boston ,museum of ,art4 ,the ,thinker ,exhibit1 ,court of ,french ,pavilion ,it is a satisfaction that at the entrance to the ,pavilion of ,france should stand this great work of the master sculptor of our age4 ,this is a replica of ,le ,penseur 7,the ,thinker71 placed before the doors of the ,pantheon in ,paris4 ,paul ,gsell says of it3 ,before us1 the ,thinker1 his fist beneath his chin1 his toes clutching the rock upon which he sits1 bends his back beneath the overpowering weight of a meditation that surpasses the endurance of the human spirit4 ,here1 tremendous1 rugged1 primitive human strength at its highest power suffers under the first great grapple of the human mind with problems of the unknowable universe4 ,it is majestic1 true1 an expression of our age2 it is everlasting art4 ,rodin kept this replica outdoors for a long time1 thinking the rigor of the elements helpful to its finish4 ,the ,thinker and other ,rodins in the ,french ,pavilion are loaned by ,mrs4 ,a4 ,b4 ,spreckels of ,san ,francisco4 ,americans and ,american museums have long appreciated this master of whom ,octave ,mirbeau says3 ,not only is he the highest and most glorious artistic conscience of our time1 but his name burns henceforth like a luminous date in the history of art4 ,earth ,fruit ,pickers1 ,court of ,ages ,in the corners of the ambulatory about the ,court of ,ages1 crystallizing the color and design of its long1 arched ceiling1 are the opulent1 warm1 vibrant murals by ,frank ,brangwyn4 ,they introduce to the general public of ,america this ,belgian-,english artist who has long been esteemed among the great of the world4 ,he has presented here the ,elements1 two interpretations of each1 in relation to their service to simple human life4 ,the paintings are neither allegorical nor photographic1 but highly interpretative of the luxuriant picturesqueness of nature and the everyday labors of man4 ,the luminosity of color1 dash and daring of contrast1 fairly crackle with life and yet have rich depths of quietness4 ,the two panels of ,earth glow with the earth's abundance4 ,the first1 the ,fruit ,pickers1 here shown1 in which harvesters gather fruits from high trees and the laden ground1 is notable for its marvelous massing of composition and color4 ,the second1 ,dancing the ,grapes1 is remarkable for its shimmering contrasts of light and shade4 ,in both you get the tang of the harvest season4 ,fire ,industrial ,fire1 ,court of ,ages ,the two ,fire panels represent this element in its two phases of serviceability4 ,the first shows its simplest use1 that of giving warmth to man2 the second1 its more developed employment as an agent of manufacture4 ,in the ,primitive ,fire1 a gray1 woodsy plume of smoke rises to the autumn sky4 ,a group of workers have made a fire at the edge of a grove2 they surround it1 some encouraging the growing blaze by blowing upon it1 others leaning forward toward its warmth4 ,the thin pillar of waving smoke is executed with such fidelity that it explains why this artist's admirers dwell upon his handling of fugitive surface tones1 as smoke or clouds1 as much as upon his more obvious excellences4 ,in ,industrial ,fire1 here reproduced1 the smoke rises not in fine line1 but in heavy mass from a kiln4 ,it is a rich cloud1 colorful with iridescent metallic lustres4 ,workers feed the blaze1 their warm flesh glowing in the mixed light4 ,whole vessels and broken bits of pottery are heaped and scattered upon the ground4 ,water ,fountain ,motive1 ,court of ,ages ,as the ,earth panels are luxuriant1 teeming with a sense of plentitude1 and the ,fire panels are moving with the grace of rising smoke1 those that represent the phases of ,water are moist and lush4 ,in the one here shown1 ,the ,fountain1 people have come through the damp grasses1 bearing their bright vessels to fill them with water that flows downward from a spring in a long1 fine1 curving bow4 ,the beautiful grouping1 the pose of the figures and the graceful lines of the vessels are unforgettable4 ,the air is fluid2 great white clouds stretch across the sky1 which has the same liquid beauty as the water in the background4 ,water-birds and dewy flowers add life and color4 ,the grateful use of water for man's thirst is beautifully told4 ,in the other water panel1 ,the ,net1 hardy fishermen1 standing in the water-reeds and blossoming flag-lilies1 haul in the last catch of the brightly dying day4 ,others bear on their heads baskets heavy with the success of earlier castings4 ,heavy sea-clouds are tinted by the late afternoon sunshine4 ,air ,the ,windmill1 ,court of ,ages ,the two panels of ,air may well be thought of as the air that moves and the air that supports4 ,in the first1 ,the ,windmill1 which is illustrated1 the motion of the wind and of the world it blows is dazzling4 ,the field of1 golden grain1 bright in the glow of the sun that has just broken through the rain clouds1 is quivering with graceful undulations4 ,the great wings of the windmill turn1 with flapping sails4 ,the little kites are blown tempestuously4 ,the garments of the workers wave forward as they walk1 braced against the wind that blows from behind them4 ,a brilliant rainbow and wind-blown dark rain-clouds tell the end of a passing storm4 ,in the second ,air panel1 which is called ,the ,hunters1 the air supports the arrows just shot from the bows of hunters who hide behind the last trees at the edge of a wood4 ,it bears also flocks of homing birds and light clouds blown across a ruddy sunset sky4 ,half ,dome ,court of the ,four ,seasons ,the murals in the ,court of the ,four ,seasons are the work of ,milton ,herbert ,bancroft4 ,they are smooth1 flat1 highly decorative to the wall surfaces into which they blend with rare discretion and harmony4 ,they have a soft beauty of coloring and a classic definiteness of outline that accord well with the pure feeling of this court4 ,mr4 ,bancroft has kept two ideas consistently throughout these murals4 ,one is the abundance of rewards and delights brought by the changing seasons2 the other1 the fruitful labors of man4 ,in this second idea special honor is tendered to those who labor in the arts and artistic crafts4 ,to these two ideals the sculptor has given the unifying title1 ,the ,pleasures and ,work of the ,seasons4 ,the panels of ,the ,seasons appear in the walls of the fountain niches4 ,in the place of honor is the beautiful ,half ,dome2 beneath its colorful decorated roof are the great1 panels1 ,man ,receiving ,instruction in ,nature's ,laws and ,art ,crowned by ,time4 ,in the former1 ,nature holds her child1 ,man1 in her arms4 ,she has summoned for him all the forces of the ,universe1 who attend in a group of calm dignity4 ,she teaches him that by obedience to her laws all these forces1 ,earth1 ,fire1 ,water1 ,life1 and even ,death1 will serve and never harm4 ,the other panel is described on the following page4 ,art ,crowned by ,time ,court of the ,four ,seasons ,in this calm and classic panel1 ,art ,crowned by ,time1 the sculptor has done honor not only to the ,fine ,arts but also to those artistic crafts that fulfill the perfect combination of use and beauty4 ,in the center of the panel stands ,art1 a superb1 regal figure1 serenely indifferent to the wreath of appreciation with which she is being crowned by the hand of ,time4 ,she is surrounded by her attendants1 the ,useful ,crafts3 ,weaving1 with her distaff2 ,glasswork1 holding carefully a delicate example of her skill2 ,jewelry1 a beautiful youth severely garbed1 bearing an ornate casket2 ,pottery1 with a finished vase upon her knee2 ,smithery1 carrying in his strong arm a piece of armor2 and ,printing1 cherishing in both hands a beautiful clasped book4 ,the panel has a fine ,olympian dignity and an ornateness that becomes simplicity through grace of handling1 and does not mar the correct mural flatness of surface4 ,in spite of the gracefully composed grouping each figure has individual1 almost statuesque1 distinction4 ,the treatment of the draperies is interesting4 ,the ,seasons ,court of the ,four ,seasons ,the fountain niches of the ,seasons in the ,court of the ,four ,seasons are graced by ,milton ,herbert ,bancroft's appropriate panels4 ,two of these1 one on each wall of the fountain niche1 are devoted to each season4 ,one represents the pleasures that that period of the year brings forth for man2 the other shows the duties it demands of him4 ,in ,spring1 we have the poet's conception of the time of blossoms and garlands1 of young loves1 piping shepherds and dancing maidens1 while the goddess of the season dreams of coming glories4 ,in the companion panel1 ,seedtime1 the waiting farmers attend her as she stands1 sceptered with an ,easter lily1 and extends her benison on the land4 ,summer crowns the victors in athletic sports2 while in ,fruition the goddess of the season receives the tribute of the successful workers of the soil4 ,the panel called ,autumn is gay with the dance of the vineyard festival2 three happy figures modeled with grace and much refinement are placed on a background divided into panels by a vine4 ,but ,harvest is quiet and serious2 the goddess1 bearing the torch of ,indian ,summer1 receives the sheaves of the gleaners4 ,so in ,winter1 one panel shows ,festivity1 with the old bard1 the ,christmas garland and the gaieties of the home2 the other1 the distaff by the fireside1 the huntsman and the wood-cutter4 ,westward ,march of ,civilization ,arch1 ,nations of the ,west ,decorating the inner walls of the ,arch of the ,setting ,sun are two long1 colorful panels by ,frank ,vincent ,du ,mond1 inspired by the historical background of the ,west4 ,they have refreshing vividness of color1 clear precision of draughtsmanship and a bright enthusiasm for their subject4 ,with a narrative quality unusual in a mural they commemorate the adventurous spirit that led a stable civilization in the march across the continent of ,america4 ,in the panel1 ,leaving the ,east1 emigrants depart from a barren1 snowy coast1 upon which stands the meeting-house1 source of so many national traditions4 ,a youth bids farewell to his sorrowing friends2 a group of adventurers bearing the bare necessities of life leads the way to the frontier4 ,in the central group1 surrounding the old ,concord wagon laden with household goods1 appear the ,jurist1 ,preacher1 ,schoolmistress1 the ,child - ,symbol of the ,home - the ,plains' ,driver and the ,trapper4 ,a symbolic figure1 ,the ,call of ,fortune1 accompanies them4 ,some of the characters are actual portraits1 as are also the ,artist1 ,writer1 ,scholar1 ,architect and ,sculptor in the opposite panel1 ,the ,arrival in the ,west4 ,in this the lavishness and opulence of ,california welcome the pioneers4 ,mr4 ,du ,mond is a member of the ,international ,jury of ,awards in the ,fine ,arts ,department of the ,exposition4 ,discovery - ,the ,purchase ,tower of ,jewels ,the murals in the great tower are properly dedicated to the ,panama ,canal4 ,in them ,william de ,leftwich ,dodge admirably interprets its history1 labors and triumphant achievement4 ,each of the long decorative bands is divided into three panels4 ,the central panels1 #if feet long1 are1 on the west wall1 ,the ,atlantic and the ,pacific1 celebrating the united nations face to face across the united waters1 and on the east1 ,the ,gateway of ,all ,nations1 an allegorical pageant of triumph4 ,the ,gateway of ,all nations is flanked by ,achievement and ,labor ,crowned1 noble and timely tributes to the ,workers who made the canal4 ,those here reproduced1 opposing them on the western wall1 are historic4 ,discovery shows ,balboa1 on a peak in ,darien1 in awe at his great moment of discovering the ,pacific4 ,the ,spirit of ,adventurous ,fortune attends him4 ,watching him1 sits the ,indian guarding his treasures1 a tragic prophecy in face and figure4 ,the ,purchase commemorates the part of ,france in this achievement4 ,columbia is purchasing the title from her sister republic4 ,american workmen1 led by ,enterprise1 take up the tools that ,french laborers have relinquished4 ,ideals of ,emigration ,arch1 ,nations of the ,east ,the mural panels in the ,eastern arch are devoted to the ideals and motives that brought men across the sea4 ,they are by ,edward ,simmons and show that fresh juvenility of touch1 that exquisite lucid tenderness of color and gentle lightness of motion that give his work its delightful poetic quality4 ,but ,mr4 ,simmons' art has always a deep accent and the imagery in these panels touches fundamentals4 ,visions of ,exploration1 the upper as here pictured1 are ,hope and ,illusory ,hope - she who casts bubbles behind her - ,adventure1 following the lure of the bubbles2 then1 in a dignified central group1 ,commerce1 ,imagination1 ,fine ,arts and ,religion2 these1 followed at a little distance by ,wealth and ,the ,family1 potent motives of the immigrant of today4 ,in the background1 the ,taj ,mahal and a modern city indicate the ideal and the practical4 ,on the opposite panel1 called the ,lure of the ,atlantic1 the ,call of the ,new ,world1 a youth blowing a trumpet1 summons the brave explorers1 the man of ,atlantis1 of the ,classic ,age1 of ,northern and ,southern ,europe1 the ,missionary ,priest1 the ,artist and the ,modern ,immigrant4 ,they are followed by the ,veiled ,future1 still hearkening to the onward call4 ,the ,golden ,wheat ,rotunda1 ,palace of ,fine ,arts ,the richly ornate ceiling of the ,rotunda of ,fine ,arts is embellished by a double series of eight panels from the brush of ,robert ,reid1 in the luminous1 fervid1 joyous vein that characterizes the method of this highly honored ,american artist4 ,the task assigned him here was a test of skill4 ,the arched effect1 so beautifully achieved1 and the great accomplishment of merging the huge1 brilliant panels into the decorative plan1 were not the only difficulties4 ,he had also to calculate the scale of proportion to a mathematical nicety1 to make the figures large enough to appear the proper size when viewed so high overhead4 ,the panels are in two sequences1 four of them devoted to each subject4 ,the sequence of which an example is illustrated is the ,four ,golds of ,california3 ,the ,golden ,poppy1 the cup of gold that makes the spring a glory on ,california hills2 ,the ,golden ,fruit1 the citrus fruits that are her pride2 ,the ,golden ,metal that called the world to her hill-sides1 and ,the ,golden ,wheat1 here shown1 the treasure of her fields1 borne high in honor4 ,these alternate with the sequence of the ,golden ,arts1 described on the succeeding page4 ,oriental ,art ,rotunda1 ,palace of ,fine ,arts ,the great panels of the ,golden ,arts alternate1 in the ceiling of the ,rotunda of ,fine ,arts1 with the ,four ,golds of ,california4 ,all of these panels so tone their brilliancy into the great sweep of the ceiling that the beholder gets a sense of the beauty of the whole rather than that of any part4 ,this arching1 floating unity of the ceiling is an admirable example of the self-control of the muralist4 ,the ,golden ,arts are interpreted by symbolic groups including a larger number of figures than ,the ,four ,golds4 ,they are entitled ,inspirations of ,all ,art1 ,ideals in ,art1 ,the ,birth of ,european ,art1 and ,oriental ,art1 here illustrated as typical4 ,in this1 against the soft but sparkling background of bright sky and clouds that supports all of the panels1 are set with much verve the historical1 legendary and romantic inspirations of ,oriental art4 ,the group is dominated by a contest between an eagle and a knight mounted upon a dragon - based upon a legend of the ,ming dynasty4 ,fugi1 the sacred mountain1 is in the distance2 the sacred dog attends the ,chinese hero in the foreground4 ,a beautiful ,japanese woman - indicating the inspiration of romance1 ,east and ,west - sits among flowers4 ,the space is filled in a manner appropriately and charmingly suggestive of ,oriental composition4 ,the ,arts of ,peace ,netherlands ,pavilion ,the ,pavilion of ,the ,netherlands is inevitably reminiscent of the ,peace ,palace of ,the ,hague1 by natural association of ideas and because of the spirit of its central mural painting1 ,the ,arts of ,peace4 ,it is therefore an interesting fact that ,hermann ,rosse1 the artist who painted this imposing work1 and1 indeed1 designed the entire interior decoration of the pavilion1 was also muralist and decorator of the ,palace of ,peace4 ,the pavilion walls and hangings - steel blue1 olive green and silver grey1 relieved by quaint conventional stencils of orange trees and tulips and severe shields of the four divisions of the kingdom - has a broad1 cool puritanism that lends itself well to the rich depth of the painting4 ,holland holds high the image of ,peace1 surrounded by the peace-nurtured arts and industries on whose support all human welfare rests4 ,among them stand not only representatives of trades and crafts1 with their symbols and implements1 but also the ,art of ,motherhood and the ,art of ,play shown by a happy child4 ,ships of all ages in side-panels and background tell of the maritime history of ,holland which so largely and peacefully colonized the world4 ,beneath the painting is a comforting and inspiring legend4 ,penn's ,treaty with the ,indians ,pennsylvania ,building ,the ,pennsylvania ,building was designed with the patriotic purpose of enshrining the ,liberty ,bell4 ,the ,bell stands in a loggia between two wings1 the architectural motif following that of ,independence ,hall4 ,on the walls of the loggia are two mural lunettes of distinction by ,edward ,trumbull of ,pittsburg4 ,their deep glowing color and massive grouping mark ,mr4 ,trumbull a worthy pupil of his master1 ,frank ,brangwyn4 ,penn's ,treaty with the ,indians1 here given1 shows ,william ,penn and the foremost of his shipmates on ,the ,welcome making with ,chief ,tamanend and his braves the ,treaty of ,shackamaxon in #afhc1 the treaty that never was broken4 ,the plainness of the kindly ,friends1 the barbaric splendor of the ,indians1 the deep green of the overarching ,treaty ,elm and the lovely typical ,pennsylvania landscape have enduring attraction4 ,the panel is in contrast with ,mr4 ,trumbull's vigorous and burning modern picture1 ,the ,steel ,workers1 on the opposite wall4 ,in the reception room of this building are seven delightful small panels by ,charles ,j4 ,taylor1 showing the early life of ,pennsylvania villages4 ,they are painted in the quaint style of old colonial decorations and have charm1 humor1 naivete and beauty too pleasing to be overlooked4 ,return from the ,crusade ,court1 ,italian ,pavilion ,the courts and palaces of ,italy1 with their appearance of age and their remote1 sheltered calm1 present an education in artistic reserve and decorative uses of space that all who linger may learn4 ,they represent four centuries of architecture1 of three historic types4 ,the lovely piazzetta with its antique well is the center of beauty4 ,on one of its walls is what appears to be an ancient mural1 soft1 flat1 with that faded1 velvety coloring associated with age4 ,it was recently painted by ,mathilde ,festa-,piacentini1 in the ancient manner to harmonize with the court4 ,it represents ,the ,return from the ,crusade of one noble ,pandolfo1 and bears date and description in ,latin4 ,quaint old-time stiffness and weather-worn coloring combine with modern correctness and fluency4 ,the young artist is the wife of the architect of the pavilion and has won a silver medal in the ,italian section of ,fine ,arts4 ,below this lunette stands a bronze copy of an antique ,david with the marble head of ,goliath4 ,other interesting murals appear in ,italy's pavilion1 by ,pierretto ,banco and ,bruno ,ferrari1 son of the sculptor1 ,ettore ,ferrari4 ,the ,riches of ,california ,tea ,room1 ,california ,building ,the tea-room of the ,auxiliary to the ,woman's ,board1 in the ,california ,building1 was decorated by ,florence ,lundborg1 a ,californian whose work has won consideration in this country and in ,france4 ,in her large mural1 ,the ,riches of ,california1 one of the most extensive ever painted by a woman1 and in the supplementary medallions she has expressed the generous abundance of ,california's fruitage4 ,feeling a similarity between copious ,california and ,sicily1 where she has lived and painted1 the artist chose for her text a line from ,theocritus describing that country3 ,all breathes the scent of the opulent summer1 the season of fruits4 ,this inscription1 in old ,spanish lettering1 surrounds the great canvas4 ,across a restful1 soft-toned landscape1 bright but tempered1 the peaceful1 happy harvesters bear homeward the plenteous fruit4 ,a mood of quiet gladness is over all4 ,the window arches1 throughout the soft gray walls of the room1 are marked by brilliant medallions of fruit and flowers1 sumptuously composed upon a gold background4 ,here ends ,the ,sculpture and ,mural ,decorations of the ,exposition1 with an introduction by ,a4 ,stirling ,calder4 ,the ,descriptive titles have been written by ,stella ,g4 ,s4 ,perry4 ,edited by ,paul ,elder4 ,published by ,paul ,elder and ,company and seen through their ,tomoye ,press under the typographical direction of ,h4 ,a4 ,funke1 in the city of ,san ,francisco during the month of ,october1 ,nineteen ,hundred and ,fifteen