,,sancta ,,sophia ,,con/ant9ople 8,a "w z !y report surpass+ e edifice 9 ! _w40 ,william ( ,malmesbury4 8,! faire/ *ur* 9 all ! _w40 ,sir ,john ,m&eville4 8,a m>vell\s & co/ful temple1 clept ,/4 ,sophie40 ,capgrave's ,*ronicle4 ,,! ,,*ur* ,,( ,,sancta ,,sophia ,,con/ant9ople ,a ,,/udy ,,( ,,byzant9e ,,build+ ,,by ,w4 ,r4 ,,le?aby ,,h>old ,,swa9son ,illu/ration #ahid ,macmillan ,co4 ,london ,new ,york ,,ri*>d ,,clay ,,& ,,sons1 ,,limit$1 ,,london ,,& ,,bungay4 ,,preface ,sancta ,sophia is ! mo/ int]e/+ build+ on ! _w's surface4 ,l ,k>nak 9 ,egypt1 or ! ,a!nian ,p>!non1 x is "o ( ! f\r great p9nacles ( ar*itecture1 b unlike !m ?is is no ru91 nor does x belong to a pa/ _w ( con/ructive ideas al?\gh x prec$es by sev5 hundr$ ye>s ! f\r? culm9ation ( ! build+ art 9 ,*>tres1 ,ami5s1 or ,b\rges1 & ?us mu/ ev] /& z ! supreme monum5t ( ! ,*ri/ian cycle4 ,f> f be+ a ru91 ! *ur* is "o ( ! be/ pres]v$ ( s anci5t monum5ts1 & 9 reg>d to its treatm5t by ! ,turks we c only be grateful t ,s4 ,sophia has n be5 situat$ 9 ! m le>n$ cities ( ,europe1 su* z ,rome1 ,aa*51 or ,ox=d1 dur+ 8! p]iod ( reviv$ int]e/ 9 ecclesia/ical antiquities40 ,our fir/ object has be5 to attempt "s dis5tanglem5t ( ! hi/ory ( ! ,*ur* & an analysis ( its design & con/ruction2 on ! "o h&1 we h be5 l$ a /ep or two into ! labyr9? ( ,con/ant9opolitan topography1 on ! o!r1 we h ?\ght t ! great ,*ur* (f]s ! be/ po9t ( view = ! obs]vation ( ! ,byzant9e !ory ( build+4 ,x may be well = u to /ate h[1 9 ! ma91 we h %>$ our "w4 ,! "o ( u--by ! accid5t ( ! alphabet1 second nam$--has done ! l>g] "p ( ! read+ & ! :ole ( ! translation requir$4 ,! fir/ has und]tak5 m ( ! con/ructive side ( ! book & ! :ole ( ! illu/rations4 ,we bo? visit$ ,con/ant9ople1 & wi% to ?ank ,canon ,curtis = help !n & s9ce4 ,mr4 ,ambrose ,poynt] has read ! pro(s4 ,9 our text we h ?\ght x well to incorporate s f> z possible ! actual words ( ! writ]s to :om we h ref]r$4 ,! dates :5 ! m anci5t au?ors wrote are giv5 "u _! names 9 ! index2 s are ! ye>s ( ! accession ( ! ,emp]ors m5tion$ 9 ! text4 ,al?\gh we h made full use ( ,salz5b]g's great "w 9 ! prep>ation ( "s ( our illu/rations1 none are m]e transcripts f 8 book4 ,9 "s in/ances :]e scales are giv5 to details1 ! scales are b r\gh approximations4 ,mu* rema9s to be obs]v$ at ,s4 ,sophia2 ! ,bapti/]y1 ! ,ci/]ns b5ea? ! *ur*1 & ! ,circul> ,build+ to ! ea/ are practically unkn[n1 & any fact not$ 9 reg>d to !m w almo/ c]ta9ly be new4 ,b x is /ill m important t build+ cu/oms1 recipes1 & traditions %\ld be record$4 ,byzant9e art /ill exi/s n only on ,m\nt ,a?os b all ov] ! once ,*ri/ian ,ea/--at ,damascus ! build]s are /ill ,*ri/ians1 & ! ,greek masons ( ,turkey1 ,m4 ,*oisy says1 are /ill ! fai?ful repres5tatives ( ! build]s ( ! ,l[] ,empire1 & _! pres5t practice is a sure comm5t>y on ! anci5t build+s4 ,a conviction ( ! necessity = f9d+ ! root ( ar*itecture once aga9 9 s\nd common-s5se build+ & pleasurable craftsman%ip rema9s z ! f9al result ( our /udy ( ,s4 ,sophia1 t m>vell\s "w1 :]e1 z has s well be5 said1 !re is no "p :]e ! pr9ciples ( rational con/ruction are n appli$ ) 8h>diesse0 & 8fran*ise0 ,9 e/imat+ s highly ! ,byzant9e me?od ( build+ 9 its greate/ example1 we see t its =ms & results directly dep5d$ on !n pres5t circum/ances1 & !n ord9>y mat]ials4 ,x is evid5t t ! /yle _c be copi$ by our attempt+ to imitate ,byzant9e build]s2 only by be+ ourselves & free1 c our "w be reasonable1 & if reasonable1 l !irs univ]sal4 ,l',,art ,c',,e/ ,d',,tre ,,absolum5t ,,soi-,m,,me4 ,,cont5ts ,,*apt] ,i4 ,byzantium4 ,new ,rome1 ,! ,acropolis1 ,! ,augu/eum4 ,fir/ & ,second ,*ur*es ( ,s4 ,sophia4 page #a ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,ju/9ian's ,*ur*4 ,acc\nt ( ,procopius4 ,fall ( ,dome & ,re/oration4 ,acc\nts ( ,aga?ias & ,evagrius4 page #ba ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,! ,descriptive ,poem ( ,paul ! ,sil5ti>y1 ,p>ts #a & #b4 page #ce ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,! ,sil5ti>y's ,acc\nt1 ,"p #c4 ,! ,ambo4 ,coronations 9 ! ,ambo4 page #ec ,,*apt] ,v4 ,ma9 ,divisions4 ,bema4 ,alt>4 ,ciborium4 ,cr[ns1 c4 ,alt> ,veils4 ,icono/asis4 ,pro!sis & ,diakonikon4 ,holy ,well & ,metatorion4 ,solea4 ,! ,nave & ,pavem5t4 ,font4 ,crosses4 ,miracul\s ,m>bles1 c4 ,wat] ,vessels4 ,images & ,tombs4 ,hang+s4 ,c>pets4 ,synods4 ,cl]gy & ,ritual4 ,adoration ( ! ,cross4 ,procession to ! ,*ur*4 page #ff ,,*apt] ,,vi4 #a4 ,! ,true ,cross & ,relics ( ! ,passion4 ,o!r ,treasure4 ,acc\nts by ,russian ,pilgrims4 #b4 ,! ,light+ ( ! ,*ur*4 page #ig ,,*apt] ,,vii4 #a4 ,lat] ,hi/ory4 ,occupation ( ! ,*ur* by ! ,crusad]s4 ,fall ( ,con/ant9ople4 #b4 ,! ,anonym\s ,acc\nt ( ! ,*ur*4 #c4 ,leg5ds4 page #abb ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,fossati's ,rep>ations4 ,salz5b]g's ,description ( ,design1 ,mat]ials1 ,con/ruction1 & ,decoration4 page #adh ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,prec9cts ( ! ,*ur*1 c4 ,palaces4 ,hippodrome4 ,augu/eum4 ,milion4 ,horologium4 ,s4 ,pet]'s ,*apel1 c4 ,b\nd>ies ( ,*ur*4 ,atrium4 ,phiale4 ,pavem5t4 ,we/ ,front4 ,belfry4 ,ci/]ns4 ,ext]ior g5]ally4 page #agc ,,*apt] ,x4 #a4 ,byzant9e ,orig9s4 #b4 ,! ,build]s ( ! ,*ur*4 #c4 ,orig9al ,=m ( ! ,*ur*3 ,dome & ,n4 & ,s4 ,ar*es1 ,atrium1 ,n4,w4 & ,s4,w4 ,angles1 ,bapti/]y & ,loggia4 #d4 ,/ructural ,sy/em4 ,ar* ,=ms4 ,vault+4 ,dome ,con/ruction4 ,*a9age & ,wall+4 ,mort> & ,cem5t4 page #aih ,,*apt] ,,xi4 #a4 ,build+ ,proc$ure4 #b4 ,m>ble ,qu>ries & ,id5tification ( ! ,m>bles4 #c4 ,application ( ,m>ble to ! ,walls4 #d4 ,m>ble ,masonry4 ,sev5 ,ord]s ( ,byzant9e ,capitals4 ,di/ribution & ,dates ( ,capitals4 ,%afts & ,bases4 ,responds4 ,cornices & ,skirt+s4 ,w9d[s1 c4 ,c>v+4 page #bcd ,,*apt] ,,xii4 #a4 ,bronze ,doors1 c4 #b4 ,mosaics4 ,salz5b]g's ,description4 ,fir/ ,s*eme4 ,lat] ,s*eme4 ,fossati's ,description4 ,tess]ae & ,fix+4 #c4 ,glass4 ,pla/]4 ,pa9t+4 #d4 ,monograms & ,inscriptions4 page #bfd ,s4 ,,sophia ,,*apt] ,i ,,! ,,city ,,( ,,con/ant9e ,,& ,,! ,,fir/ ,,*ur* ,byzantium4--,:]e ! n>r[ swift-fl[+ ,bosporus1 :i* divides ,asia f ! mo/ ea/]n "p ( s\!rn ,europe1 fl[s into ! ,sea ( ,m>m>a1 a cresc5t-%ap$ arm ( ! sea runs we/w>d into ! l&1 leav+ a n>r[ promontory1 :i*1 l ! pr[ ( a boat 9 pr(ile1 puts out to ! ea/4 ,! po9t ( ?is promontory is a mass ( rock ris+ /eeply f ! sea3 divid$ by a slight transv]se depression f ! re/ ( ! l&1 x =ms ! fir/ hill ( ! sev5 :i* 7 aft]w>ds inclos$ by ! walls ( ,con/ant9ople4 ,on ?is cre/ 7by ! pres5t ,s]aglio ,po9t71 comm&+ ! passage to ! ,eux9e1 0 built1 9 ! sev5? c5tury ,b4,c41 by coloni/s f ,meg>a--) :om ,dionysius c\ples ! ,cor9?ians--! ,acropolis1 ! sacr$ city & citadel1 & )9 c]ta9 limits ! l9es ( its conta9+ walls may /ill be trac$4 ,! l[] city ga!r$ ab\t ! slopes outside ! ,acropolis1 & _h o!r walls def9+ its l&w>d limits4 ,dionysius1 ! anci5t ,byzant9e writ]1 :o describes ! city be=e ! siege ( ,sev]us1 #aif ,a4,d41 says t ?is citadel ( ,byzantium 0 on ! promontory ( ! ,bosporus1 above ! bay call$ ,k]as 7! ,gold5 ,horn74 8,at a little di/ance ov] ! height is ! alt> ( ,a!na ,ecbasia--( ! l&+--:]e ! coloni/s f\ght z = _! own l&4 ,!re is too a temple ( ,poseidon1 an anci5t "o & h5ce q pla91 :i* /&s ov] ! sea4444 ,bel[ ! temple ( ,poseidon1 b )9 ! wall1 on ! level gr\nd are /adia & gymnasia1 & c\rses = ! "y40#a ,?is ,acropolis is r\ghly outl9$ 9 ,fig4 #a1 ! evid5ce be+ ! cont\rs ( ! hill1 rema9s & records ( c]ta9 walls to be m5tion$ lat]1 & ! b\nd>ies betwe5 ! fir/ f\r regions 9 ,con/ant9e's city z giv5 9 ! ,notitia1#b a description ( ! city writt5 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! fif? c5tury4 ,! ,acropolis s def9$ has a /rik+ resemblance to o!r ,greek hill cities--,tiryns1 ,myc5ae1 ,acrocor9?1 & ! ,acropolis ( ,a!ns4 ,9 ,fig4 #a ! cross %[s ! site ( ! pres5t ,*ur* ( ,s4 ,sophia2 ! arr[ %[s ! ,hippodrome1 :i*1 /ill exi/+1 is ! great monum5t ( pre-,con/ant9ian times1 & =ms ! key = all /udy ( ! subsequ5t city2 ,o %[s ! position ( ! column said to h be5 erect$ by ,claudius ,go?icus ab\t #bgj ,a4,d41 :i* /&s at ! nor? end ( ! ,acropolis ov]look+ ,s]aglio or ,demetrius ,po9t4 ,( ! anci5t ,greek t[n few positive rema9s h come d[n to u1 ) ! exception ( ! co9s4 ,a publication by ! ,greek ,philological ,society ( ,con/ant9ople m5tions z among sev]al pre-,con/ant9ian inscriptions a m>ble slab f\nd 9 8! t[] next to ! ,z\k ,tsesm gate on ! left z "o asc5ds to ,s4 ,sophia10 :i* ref]s to ! /adium erect$ by ,pausanias ! ,g5]al 9 #dgg ,b4,c41 8)9 ! walls ( ,byzantium & bel[ ! temple ( ,poseidon40#c ,! co9s also g back to ! fif? c5tury ,b4,c4 ,! e>ly ones %[ a c[ /&+ on a dolph91 ) ! lett]s ,,by4 ,9 ! ?ird c5tury we h ,poseidon seat$ on a promontory1 & lat] aga9 a dolph9 tw9$ r\nd a trid5t--all ! types hav+ evid5t ref]5ce to ! sea-wa%$ city4 ,ano!r relic ( anci5t ,byzantium is /ill to be se5 bel[ ! curve ( ! ,hippodrome1 :]e a :ite m>ble capital ( good ,greek ,doric "w lies neglect$ on ! seaw>d bank ( ! new railway4 ,9 addition to ! anci5t build+s already m5tion$1 we le>n f ,dionysius t ! city possess$ a temple ( ,g ,onesidora--! fruitful e>?--:i* consi/$ ( 8an unro($ space surr\nd$ by a wall ( poli%$ /one40 ,ne> by 7 8temples ( ,demet] & ! ,maid5 7,p]sephone71 ) _m pictures 9 !m1 relics ( _! =m] weal?40 ,?is au?or 0 also %[n ! sites ( temples to ,h]a & ,pluto1 8! =m] hav+ be5 de/roy$ by ,d>ius1 & ! latt] by ,philip ( ,mac$on40 ,he also speaks ( a l>ge r\nd t[] jo9$ to ! wall ( ! city4 ,"s records or leg5ds ( ! anci5t city are also conta9$ 9 ! ,pas*al ,*ronicle4#d ,aft] ! siege ,sev]us 8built ! public ba? call$ ,zeuxippus4 ,n[ 9 ! middle ( ! f\r-portico$#e space /ood a bronze /ele ( ! sun1 bel[ :i* he wrote ! "n ( ! sun4 ,! p ( ,?race inde$ call ! place ,helion1 b ! ,byzant9es !mselves call ?is same public ba? #8( ,zeuxippus' aft] its orig9al "n1 al?\gh ! emp]or ord]$ x %\ld be call$ ,sev]ion4 ,opposite to x 9 ! acropolis ( ,byzantium he built ! temple ( ,apollo1 :i* also fac$ ! two o!r temples =m]ly built by ,byzas--"o to ,artemis ) ! olive1 & ! o!r to ,ph$alian ,aphrodite4 ,& ! figure ( ! sun 0 tak5 f ! f\r-porticoes & plac$ 9 ?is temple 7( ,apollo74 ,opposite ! temple ( ,artemis he built l>ge k5nels1 & a !atre opposite ! temple ( ,aphrodite4 ,he b\ght h\ses & g>d5s f two bro!rs1 & aft] pull+ d[n ! =m] & uproot+ ! latt] he built ! ,hippodrome4 ,sev]us re/or$ ! ,/rategion z well4 ,x 0 fir/ nam$ by ,alex&] ( ,mac$on1 :o1 9 8 campaign aga9/ ,d>ius1 review$ 8 troops !re be=e attack+ ! ,p]sians40 ,new ,rome4--,x 0 ab\t #cbh ,a4,d4 or ! foll[+ ye> t ,con/ant9e decid$ to enl>ge ?is city1 :i* _h long be5 "u ! dom9ation ( ,rome1 & to make x 8 capital4 ,! "w ( build+ 0 pu%$ =w>d ) great en]gy1 & x 0 consecrat$ 9 ,may #ccj4 ,by an edict engrav$ on a /one erect$ 9 ! ,/rategium1 x 0 call$ ! ,new ,rome ( ,con/ant9e4 ,9 ! docum5ts ( ! patri>*s ( ! ,greek ,*ur* ! city is /ill call$ ,new ,rome4 ,! qu>ries ( easily wr\ght m>ble ( l>ge cry/all9e /ructure & s(t :ite col\r f\nd 9 su* abundance 9 ! isl& ( ,proconnesus1 only a few miles away ov] ! sea to :i* x has giv5 its "n ( ,m>m>a1 !n z n[ furni%$ a p]fect build+ mat]ial2 :ile ! /ill work$ qu>ries ( ,egypt & ,!ssaly provid$ imp]ial purple & gre54 ,b a ri*] qu>ry 0 d\btless f\nd 9 ! porphyry & cippol9o %afts ( ! old temples ( _m a decl9+ city4 ,con/ant9e's city does n appe> to h be5 s completely ,*ri/ian z ! ecclesia/ical writ]s w\ld h u suppose4 ,zosimus tells u t ,con/ant9e erect$ a %r9e to ! ,dioscuri 9 ! ,hippodrome1 & he m5tions ! temples ( ,rhea & ! ,ty* ( ! city 9 a l>ge f\r-portico$ =um4 ,a :ole population ( bronze & m>ble /atues 0 br\ght toge!r f ,greece1 ,asia ,m9or1 & ,sicily4 ,! ba?s ( ,zeuxippus alone are said to h _h m ?an sixty bronze /atues1#f a /ill great] numb] 7 assembl$ 9 ! ,augu/eum & o!r squ>es1 & 9 ! ,hippodrome1 :]e1 accord+ to ,zosimus1#g ,con/ant9e plac$ ! ,py?ian tripod1 :i* _h be5 ! c5tral object 9 ! temple ( ,apollo at ,delphi4 ,on ! triple coils ( ! bronze s]p5ts 9 ! ,at-,meidan c /ill be read ! names ( ! ,greek /ates1 :i*1 aft] ! battle ( ,plataea1 d$icat$ a ti! ( ! spoil to ! ,delphic oracle1 z describ$ by ,h]odotus4#h ,an extremely valuable description ( anci5t ,byzantium & ! recon/ruction by ,con/ant9e is giv5 by ,zosimus1 writ+ n mu* m ?an a c5tury aft] ! trans=mation4 8,n[ ! city lay ^u ! cre/ ( a hill :i* =ms a "p ( ! i/hmus t is made by :at is call$ ! #8,horn' 77 & ! ,propontis4 ,& =m]ly x _h its gate 77 at ! end ( ! colonnades :i* ,sev]us built40 444 8,& ! wall on its we/]n "p desc5d+ along ) ! cre/ rea*$ to ! temple ( ,aphrodite1 & ! sea ( ,*rysopolis ,scut>i :i* is opposite2 & 9 ! same way f ! cre/ ! wall desc5d$ nor?w>d to ! h>b\r :i* is call$ ,neorion1 & f !nce up to ! sea :i* lies directly 9 front ( ! /raits ?r\gh :i* "o ent]s ! ,eux9e40 444 8,?is !n 0 ! anci5t size ( ! city4 ,& ,con/ant9e erect$ a circul> =um :]e =m]ly 0 ! gate1 & surr\nd$ x ) porticoes ( two /oreys4 ,he set up two v big ar*es ( ,proconnesian m>ble opposite ea* o!r2 ?r\gh !m "o ent]$ ! porticoes ( ,sev]us or issu$ f ! anci5t city4 ,& wi%+ to make ! city mu* l>g] he fur!r cont9u$ ! old wall fifte5 /adia1 & inclos$ ! city ) a wall :i* cut (f ! i/hmus f sea to sea40 ,x is cle> f ?is t ! anci5t l& gate ( ,byzantium /ood on ! cre/ ( ! ridge close to ! site n[ occupi$ by ! ,porphyry ,column 7:i* 0 set up by ,con/ant9e 9 ! ,new ,=um71 & =m$ ! end ( a /reet ( columns built by ,sev]us 7! ,mese74 ,f ?is gate ! wall ran s\?w>ds to a temple ( ,aphrodite1 & along ! %ore ( ! ,propontis opposite ,scut>i4 ,nor?w>ds x desc5d$ to ! ,gold5 ,horn at ! ,neorion port1 & turn$ along ! %ore to ,s]aglio ,po9t4 ,n[ ! ,neorion port 0 j outside ! entrance to ! mod]n ,galata bridge1#i & ! acc\nt agrees p]fectly ) ! ,notitia 9 :i* we f9d ! foll[+3 8,! six? w>d at ent]+ on x is level gr\nd = a %ort di/ance1 all ! re/ is ^u ! desc5t2 = x ext5ds f ! ,=um ( ,con/ant9e to ! /airs :]e y f]ry ov] to ,sycae ,galata4 ,x conta9s ! porphyry pill> ( ,con/ant9e2 ! ,s5ate ,h\se 9 ! same place1 ! ,neorion port2 ! /airs ( ,sycae1 c40 ,x is evid5t t ! city :i* ,con/ant9e f\nd _h be5 virtually rebuilt by ,sev]us 9 ! /yle ( ! ,ea/4 ,f ! days :5 ,alex&ria & ,antio* 7 plann$ a city _h become a :ole to be design$ accord+ to rule4 ,ess5tial features ( su* cities--( :i* ,palmyra is ! be/ repres5tative--7 long av5ues ( columns =m+ ! ma9 /reets1 & a triumphal ar* ) a c5tral 8gold5 mile/one40 ,! ma9 /reet ( columns at ,con/ant9ople1 :i* we lat] he> ( by ! "n ( ! ,mese z =m+ ! way f ! ,milion to ! ,=um ( ,con/ant9e1 _c be any o!r ?an ! 8,porticoes ( ,sev]us0 j m5tion$4 ,9 ! fif? c5tury we f9d ! ,mese ref]r$ to 9 ! build+ laws ( ,z5o4 8,we orda9 t none %all be all[$ to ob/ruct ) build+s ! num]\s r[s ( columns :i* are erect$ 9 ! public porticoes1 su* z ^? lead+ f :at is call$ ! ,milion to ! ,capitol10 any %ops or boo?s betwe5 ! columns 8mu/ be ornam5t$ on ! outside at lea/ ) m>ble1 t !y may beautify ! city & give pleasure to ! pass]s by40#aj ,mordtmann %[s t ?is great column$ way occupi$ v ne>ly ! l9e ( ! pres5t ,divan ,yiulu2 inde$1 x is h>dly possible to div]t ! great art]ies at any /age ( a city's evolution1 & ! ,mese itself probably foll[$ ! c\rse ( a foot-track to ! gate ( ! ,acropolis4 ,by build+ walls across ! l& betwe5 ! ,gold5 ,horn & ! sea at di/ances f>!r & f>!r f ,s]aglio ,po9t1 ! city has be5 successively enl>g$2 ! great l& walls1 )9 :i* ! %runk5 city n[ lies1 are ma9ly ! "w ( ,!odosius ,,ii4 ,^!1 ! walls ( ! ,con/ant9ople kn[n to ! ,crusad]s1 are /ill comp>atively p]fect2 a triple l9e on ! l& side & a s+le l9e ar\nd ! sea m>g91 "s f\rte5 miles ( walls1 eight or t5 to fifte5 feet ?ick1 /r5g!n$ by great t[]s1 completely girdles ! city r\nd ab\t4 ,! l&-wall ( ,con/ant9e's city1 situat$ betwe5 ! ,acropolis & ! pres5t walls1 has disappe>$1 b its c\rse has be5 trac$ 7see ,fig4 #a74 ,acropolis4--,! topography ( anci5t ,con/ant9ople has engag$ ! att5tion ( g5]ations ( writ]s1 & an approximation to true results has und\bt$ly be5 rea*$4 ,fir/ we mu/ m5tion ,pi]re ,gilles1 usually call$ ,gyllius1 :o1 travell+ to collect ,,mss4 = ,francis ,i41 resid$ 9 ! city = _m ye>s1 & di$ 9 #aeee4 ,!n ,du ,cange1 9 8 great "w ,con/ant9opolis ,*ri/iana1 #afhj1 by a c>eful comp>ison ( ! au?orities1 c]ta9ly made discov]ies 9 a c\ntry he _h nev] visit$4 ,! folios ( ,b&uri#aa foll[$ 9 #agaa2 & 9 #ahfa ,lab>te publi%$ a m detail$ /udy ( ! ,imp]ial qu>t]1 *iefly bas$ on ! ample notices 9 ! ,book ( ,c]emonies ( ,con/ant9e ,porphyrog5itus4 ,?is "w1 ,le ,palais ,imprial de ,con/ant9ople et ses ,abords1 %[s rem>kable insight & critical acum54 ,buzantios 9 ,con/ant9opolis1 #ahfa1 & ,paspates 9 8 ,byzant9ae ,melatae1 #ahgg1 made sev]al fur!r id5tifications4 ,! latt] foll[$ ) ,! ,great ,palace ( ,con/ant9ople1 rec5tly translat$ by ,mr4 ,metcalfe1 :i* goes ov] ! same gr\nd z ,lab>te2 b ! excavations = ! railway1 :i* n[ circles ,s]aglio ,po9t1 _h 9 ! meantime expos$ "s rema9s1 & made ! exam9ation ( c]ta9 walls possible4 ,al?\gh ,paspates made sev]al valuable sugge/ions1 _m ( 8 conclusions are c]ta9ly n su/a9$ by 8 reason+2 inde$1 ,lab>te 9 _m po9ts ( div]g5ce 0 probably mu* ne>] ! facts4 ,paspates' views 7 accept$ by ,mr4 ,bury1#ab to be foll[$ 9 turn by ,mr4 ,oman 9 ,! ,byzant9e ,empire ( ! 8,/ory ( ! ,nations0 ,s]ies4 ,a "w 9 ,russian has rec5tly be5 devot$ to ! /udy ( ! ,palace qu>t]4#ac ,ung]'s collection ( topographical ref]5ces 9 ,quell5 d] ,byzant9is*5 ,kun/ges*i*te is also ( ! greate/ s]vice4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a4--,plan ( ,con/ant9ople %[+ its developm5t4 ,9 #ahib appe>$ ,dr4 ,mordtmann's ,esquisse1 toge!r ) a l>ge plan ( ! city1 on :i* ! probable id5tifications ( ! ways & build+s 7 laid d[n2 ?is 0 prep>$ at ! in/ance ( ! ,comte ,riant1 :o1 9 8 ,exuviae ,con/ant9opolitanae1 contribut$ ! result ( mu* rese>* to our k ( ,byzant9e antiquities4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #b4--,plan ( ! ,acropolis1 c41 ( ,con/ant9e's city4 ,dr4 ,mordtmann1 by a /udy ( ! :ole ( ! city area & its entire circumvallation z we h x to-day1 9 comp>ison ) ! writt5 descriptions1 has laid a firm] grasp on ! problem4 ,lab>te1 he po9ts out1 0 *iefly misl$ by a confusion ( ! build+s 9 ! ,=um ( ,con/ant9e & ^? 9 ! ,=um ,augu/eum--a mi/ake elaborat$ 9 "s respects by ,paspates4 ,lab>te ?us plac$ ! porphyry column ( ,con/ant9e1 :i* /ill m>ks ! site ( ! =m]1 toge!r ) o!r build+s t 7 qu>t]$ ab\t x1 all )9 ! ,augu/eum1 :i* la/ he rightly id5tifi$ ) ! pres5t op5 space to ! s\?-we/ ( ,s4 ,sophia4 ,texi]1 :o 9 #ahcd made a c>eful /udy ( ! anci5t city1 rightly di/+ui%$ ! two =a4#ad ,fig4 #b w assi/ 9 mak+ cle> our views z to ! trans=mation ( ! ,acropolis "u ,con/ant9e4 ,! ,byzant9e brick walls :i* n[ inclose ! old ,s]ai ,lab>te reg>d$ z ( late "w1 & we ?9k ! /yle ( ! build+ w\ld v well be> out ,paspates' op9ion t !y 7 erect$ by ,mi*ael ,palaeologus4 ,! excavation = ! railway expos$ "s rema9s ( a wall ne> ,o 9 our ,fig4 #a :i* ,paspates describes z 8built ( l>ge /ones z mu* z #aj feet long by #b broad1 & #a ?ick40#ae ,! re/ ( ! seaw>d wall /ill =m+ ! sub/ructure ( ! reta9+ wall ( ! sea-front ( ! old ,s]ai1 & runn+ 9 a direction p>allel to ! ,hippodrome1 is also ( /one4 ,?is wall is probably anci5t or foll[s ! c\rse ( ! anci5t ,acropolis inclosure :i* is describ$ by ,dion ,cassius z 8built on ris+ gr\nd & project+ into ! sea4444 ,! walls are v /rong1 =m$ ( l>ge squ>$ /ones b\nd toge!r ) copp]1 & ! inside is s /r5g!n$ ) e>? & build+s t ! :ole seems "o ?ick wall40#af ,! late ,anonym\s au?or edit$ by ,b&uri says t ! wall ( anci5t ,byzantium comm5c$ at ! ,gold5 ,horn ne> ! gate ( ,s4 ,eug5ius to pass along by ! ,gold5 ,mile/one4#ag ,we place no reliance on ! ,anonym\s = e>ly hi/ory1 b !re is mu* to confirm ,mordtmann's view t an anci5t wall occupi$ ?is position & t ! ,milion--:i* ! ,anonym\s says 0 ! l& gate--0 situat$ ^u its c\rse & =m$ inde$ ! entrance f ! ,/reet ( ,columns4 ,?is wall1 :i* ,mordtmann says pass$ on ! l& side ( ! old ,s]ai 9 front ( ! mod]n museum 7,t*5li ,kiosk7 :]e !re is a high reta9+ wall1 & cont9u$ to ! we/ ( ,s4 ,sophia n f> f ! n>!x1 we consid] mu/ be t :i* =m$ ! l&w>d inclosure ( ! ,acropolis4 ,! f\r? region ( ! city1 ,mordtmann says1 0 sep>at$ f ! second by ! rock ( ! ,acropolis & ?is wall4 ,we are confirm$ 9 our acceptance ( ! o!r wall describ$ by ,paspates z ! seaw>d wall ( ! ,acropolis1 n only because x is built aga9/ ! /eep esc>pm5t ( ! rock1 b by f9d+ t 9 ! division ( ! city into ! w>ds or regions ( ! ,notitia ! fir/ w>d exactly compris$ ! space betwe5 ! wall & ! sea2 ! second region conta9$ ! old ,acropolis itself1 ) a triangle ( l[] gr\nd at ! nor? aga9/ ! ,gold5 ,horn1 :]e 0 probably ! sea gate2 :ile ! ?ird 0 divid$ f ! f\r? by ! great way :i* left ! ,milion gate on ! old l&w>d wall ( ! ,acropolis4 ,su* pre-exi/+ features naturally =m$ ! b\nd>ies ( ! w>ds4 ,we n[ give f ! ,notitia ,dignitatum ! descriptions ( ! fir/ f\r regions ( ! f\rte5 into :i* ,con/ant9e's city 0 divid$1 :i* w %[ h[ ,con/ant9e occupi$ ! old areas ) ! royal & public qu>t]s ( 8 new city4 ,twelve regions 7 includ$ )9 ! walls1 & two o!rs 7 =m$ by ! suburbs ( ,bla*]nae & ,galata4 ,,region ,i4 ,conta9s ! h\se ( ,placidia ,augu/a2 ! h\se ( mo/ noble ,m>9a2 ! ,ba?s ( ,arcadius2 #bg /reets or alleys2 #aah h\ses2 #b porticoes2 #ae private ba?s2 #d public cornmills2 #ae private cornmills2 #d t]races ( /eps4 ,x is "u "o curator1 :o looks aft] ! :ole region2 x has #a v]naculus1 a slave 7or mess5g]7 = all regions2 #be collegiati1 :o are select$ f diff]5t ,guilds 7,corporati71 & help at fires2 & #e /reet w>d5s1 :o wat* ! city at night4 ,,region ,,ii4 ,gradually rises ) a g5tle asc5t beg9n+ f ! small] !atre1 & !n desc5ds abruptly to ! sea4 ,x conta9s ! ,great ,*ur*2 ! ,anci5t ,*ur*2 ! ,s5ate2 ! ,tribunal built ) porphyry /eps2 ! ,ba?s ( ,zeuxippus2 ! !atre2 ! amphi!atre2 #cd /reets or alleys1 #ih h\ses2 #d l>ge porticoes2 #ac private ba?s2 #d private cornmills2 #d t]races ( /eps4 ,x _h also #a curator1 #a v]naculus2 #ce collegiati1 #e /reet w>d5s4 ,,region ,,iii4 ,is a plane surface 9 its high] "p1 :]e is ! ,circus1 b f ! end ( ?is x desc5ds /eeply to ! sea4 ,x conta9s ! ,circus ,maximus2 ! h\se ( ,pul*]ia ,augu/a2 ! new h>b\r2 a semicircul> portico1 call$ by ! ,greeks ,sigma2 ! ,tribunal ( ! ,=um ( ,con/ant9e2 #g /reets2 #id h\ses2 #e l>ge porticoes2 #aa private ba?s2 #i private cornmills4 ,x _h #a curator2 #a v]naculus2 x _h also #ba collegiati2 & #e /reet w>d5s4 ,,region ,,iv4 ,f ! ,gold5 ,milli>ium is prolong$1 ) hills ris+ to "r & left 9 a valley lead+ to an op5 space4 ,x conta9s ! gold5 ,milli>ium2 ! ,augu/eum2 ! ,basilica2 ! ,nymphaeum2 ! ,portico ( ,fanio2 a m>ble %ip--! monum5t ( a naval victory--! *ur* or m>tyrium ( ,s4 ,m5nas2 ! ,/adium2 ! ,scala ,timasii2 #cb /reets2 #cge h\ses2 #d l>ge porticoes2 #g private ba?s2 #e private cornmills2 #g t]races ( /eps4 ,x _h #a curator2 #a v]naculus2 #de collegiati2 #e /reet w>d5s4 ,augu/eum4--,?us ,region ,i41 occupy+ ! l& betwe5 ! ,acropolis wall & ! sea1 0 p>tly res]v$ = palaces2 ,region ,,ii4 co9cid$ ) ! ,acropolis1 & _h its s\? end devot$ to ! ,=um ,augu/eum & ! ,*ri/ian ,basilicas ( ,s4 ,sophia 78! ,great ,*ur*07 & ,/4 ,ir5e 78! ,old ,*ur*4074 ,x w be obs]v$ t 9 ! ,notitia ! ,augu/eum is giv5 to ,region ,,iv41 to :i* x does inde$ adjo92 ,mordtmann#ah consid]s t ! ,augu/eum1 l ! build+s r\nd x1 mu/ h belong$ to ,region ,,ii41 b sugge/s t !re may h be5 a cont9uation ( ! op5 space f>!r to ! we/ 9 ,region ,,iv41 & "s su* space z ?is c]ta9ly seems requir$ by sev]al ( ! ref]5ces4 ,gyllius fir/ made ! id5tification ( ! ,augu/eum ) ! pres5t op5 space on ! s\? ( ,s4 ,sophia2 9 ?is he 0 foll[$ by ,lab>te1 & ,mordtmann concurs4 ,paspates 9 mak+ ! ,augu/eum occupy ! gr\nd along ! ea/ side ( ! ,hippodrome /&s alone aga9/1 z x seems to u1 all evid5ce4 ,= example1 he is compell$ to %ift ! inscrib$ p$e/al ( ! /atue ( ! ,empress ,eudoxia1 :i* we _c b believe 0 f\nd 9 its orig9al position 7see ,mordtmann1 p4 #fd1 & ,paspates1 p4 #aje1 & bel[1 p4 #ac74 ,! ,mese moreov] he makes ! c5tre ( 8 ,augu/eum4 ,mr4 ,bury ?\ght x prov$ t ! ,augu/eum 80 also call$ ! ,=um ( ,con/ant9e10 because a passage 9 ,c$r5us speaks ( ! ,s5ate ,h\se 7 7 z 9 ! ,=um ( ,con/ant9e4 ,x is p]fectly cle> h[ev] f ! ,notitia t !re 7 two ,s5ate ,h\ses--"o 9 ! ,=um m5tion$ 9 ! extract we h giv5 f ! description ( ! six? w>d1 & ! o!r includ$ 9 ! second region z j quot$4#ai ,9 ! ,augu/eum 0 erect$ a ,s5ate1 its front fac+ ! we/4 8,! ,s5ate10 says ,mordtmann1 80 plac$ :]e to-day /&s ! ,tribunal ( ,comm]ce40 ,t is1 on ! ea/ side ( ! pres5t place ( ,s4 ,sophia aga9/ :at mu/ h be5 ! ea/]n side ( ! ,augu/eum & ! anci5t ,acropolis1 on ! seaw>d wall ( :i* x 0 probably f\nd$4 ,9 digg+ ! f\ndations ( ! ,tribunal ( ,comm]ce 9 #ahdg ! anci5t pavem5t 0 f\nd1 at a dep? ( twelve feet1 & ! base ( ! celebrat$ /atue ( ,eudoxia1 ) an inscription1 m>k$ x z ! site ( ! ,c\rts ( ,ju/ice 7,mordtmann1 p4 #fd74 ,! /atue1 ,socrates#bj says1 0 8( silv]1 & x /ood ^u a l(ty p$e/al 7bema71 n f> f ! *ur* call$ ,s4 ,sophia1 ) a road betwe540 ,! ,augu/eum1 foll[+ ! ,hippodrome1 does n lie f\r-squ>e ) ! c>d9al po9ts1 b almo/ diagonally to !m3 = conv5i5ce1 h[ev]1 we %all speak ( ! directions z ,nor?1 ,s\?1 ,ea/1 & ,we/1 call+ ! side t[>ds ! ,mese ! we/4 ,on ! nor? side1 & foll[+ ! same sy/em ( alignm5t1 is ! pres5t ,s4 ,sophia4 ,! palace ( ! ,patri>* probably adjo9$ ! *ur*1 on ! nor? side ( ! squ>e4 ,! royal palaces m5tion$ 9 ! ,notitia 7 on ! s\? ( ! ,augu/eum4 ,accord+ to ! ,pas*al ,*ronicle1 writt5 ab\t #fcj ,a4,d41 ,con/ant9e ! ,great made a palace beside ! ,hippodrome1 8& ! asc5t f ! palace to ! /& ( ! ,hippodrome 0 by means ( ! /air call$ ! spiral0 7,paspates1 ,great ,palace1 p4 #dg74 ,?is palace does n seem to h become ( great importance until ,ju/9ian's "t4 ,! ,notitia m]ely m5tions ! ,h\se ( ,placidia ,augu/a1 & ! ,h\se ( ! mo/ noble ,m>9a1 ! daught]s ( ,arcadius1 9 ! fir/ w>d2 & ! ,h\se ( ,pul*]ia ,augu/a 9 ! ?ird2 & speaks ( sev]al o!r royal palaces 9 ! #i?1 #aj?1 & #aa? w>ds4 ,! palace ( ! emp]or at ?is "t 0 9 ! #ad? w>d1 :i* 0 outside ! walls & isolat$1 mak+ 8! figure ( a small city by itself20 ?is is ! celebrat$ palace ( ,bla*]nae4 ,! ,*ur*4--,x 0 9 ,may #cbh t ,hel5a is said to h discov]$ ! true cross & o!r relics at ,j]usalem4 ,& ?is ev5t1 :i* syn*ronizes exactly ) ,con/ant9e's *oice ( ,byzantium z 8 capital1 0 probably n )\t direct relation to ! f\ndation ( ! *ur* d$icat$ to ,*ri/4 ,socrates writes1 8,a portion ( ! cross %e 7,hel5a7 inclos$ 9 a silv] *e/ & left 9 ,j]usalem z a memorial1 b ! o!r "p %e s5t to ! k+40#ba ,!ophanes1 ,c$r5us1 ,glycas1 ,paul ! ,deacon1 ,nicephorus ,calli/us1 & o!r late hi/orians agree 9 mak+ ,con/ant9e ! f\nd] ( ! fir/ ,*ur* d$icat$ to ! ,second ,p]son ( ! ,tr9ity z ! ,div9e ,wisdom2 & ,c$r5us ev5 gives a "n--,euphrates--to ! ar*itect4#bb ,cod9us1 :o wrote 9 ! fifte5? c5tury1 alone relates t ,con/ant9e purifi$ a previ\sly exi/+ temple & d$icat$ x to ,*ri/ian uses4 ,!re is mu* evid5ce to %[ t ! *ur* c\ld n h be5 complet$ by ,con/ant9e ev5 if he _h f\nd$ x1 or contemplat$ its f\ndation4 ,9 ! life ( ! emp]or1 ! ,*ur* ( ! ,holy ,apo/les1 :i* 0 built ne> ! ,=um ( ,con/ant9e1 & 9 :i* ! emp]or 0 buri$1 is describ$ at l5g?1#bc b x does n m5tion ,s4 ,sophia1 al?\gh ! au?or takes pa9s to enum]ate ! ,*ri/ian objects 9 ! city--say+ t !re 7 8_m ,oratories & ,m>tyria1 & by ! f\nta9s 9 ! middle ( ! agorae 7 figures 9 gilt bronze ( ! ,good ,%eph]d & ( ,daniel ) ! lions2 9 ! palace 0 a cross wr\ght 9 gold ) _m col\r$ preci\s /ones40#bd ,9 ! fif? c5tury ,notitia1 z we h se51 ,s4 ,ir5e is call$ ! ,old ,*ur* & ,s4 ,sophia ! ,great ,*ur*4 ,! hi/orian ,socrates1 probably ! be/ au?ority1 says t ,con/ant9e 8built two *ur*es1 "o he call$ ,ir5e & ! o!r ! ,apo/les10#be & he attributes ,s4 ,sophia entirely to ,con/antius4 8,! ,k+ built ! great *ur* :i* is call$ ,sophia & jo9$ x to t call$ ,ir5e1 :i* ! fa!r ( ! k+ _h previ\sly increas$ & beautifi$1 & n[ bo? *ur*es 7 includ$ )9 "o wall & _h "o title40 ,^u its completion1 x 0 d$icat$1 ) magnific5t c]emony1 by ! patri>* ,eudoxius on ,sunday1 ,febru>y #ae?1 #cfj ,a4,d41 89 ! ?irty-f\r? ye> aft] its f\ndation40#bf ,?is w\ld fix its f\ndation 9 ! ye> #cbf ,a4,d41 two ye>s aft] ,con/ant9e1 hav+ defeat$ ,lic9ius1 _h begun to reign alone4 ,c$r5us writes1 8,eudoxius consecrat$ a second "t ! ,*ur* ( ! ,div9e ,wisdom1 because aft] its fir/ completion1 & ! d$ication by ,eusebius1 x _h fall5 & be5 aga9 re/or$ by ,con/antius10#bg & he places ?is ev5t 9 ! tw5ty-second ye> ( ,con/antius' reign4 ,c$r5us is a late & cr$ul\s writ]1 & 9 attribut+ a fir/ d$ication to ,eusebius--:o w\ld c]ta9ly h told u himself--he %[s h[ untru/wor?y is ! :ole /ory4 ,altoge!r we _c d bett] ?an accept ! acc\nt ( ,idatius & t giv5 9 ! ,pas*al ,*ronicle1 ) p]haps a little suspicion on ! "p :i* ref]s to ,con/ant9e1 8,9 ?is ye> 7#cfj7 9 ! mon? ,p]itius 0 d$icat$ ! great *ur* ( ,con/ant9ople1 9 ! ?irty-f\r? ye> f ! "t :5 ,con/ant9e _h laid ! f\ndations4 ,= ! op5+ c]emony 7enca5ia7 ,con/antius br\ght _m (f]+s ( gold1 & great treasure ( silv]2 _m tissues adorn$ ) gold ?read & /ones = ! sanctu>y2 = ! doors ( ! *ur* diff]5t curta9s 7amphi?uriai7 ( gold2 & = ! outside gateways 7puleones7 _m o!rs ) gold ?reads40 ,accord+ to ! late ,anonym\s au?or 7see page #abi71 89 ! reign ( ,!odosius ! ,great 7 #cie7 & 9 ! patri>*ate ( ,nect>ius 7#cha-cih71 sev5ty-f\r ye>s aft] ! *ur* 0 built1 ! ro( ( ! *ur* 0 de/roy$ by fire20 he probably really meant ! fire ( #djd 9 ,arcadius' reign4 ,at t "t ,s4 ,john ,*ryso/om1 incurr+ ! dislike ( ! ,empress ,eudoxia1 0 bani%$4 ,he 0 br\ght back at ! end ( two days1 once m prea*$ 9 ,s4 ,sophia1 & 0 exil$ aga91 ) disa/r\s results1 = 8 p>tisans set fire to ! *ur* & de/roy$ x4 8,?is happ5$ on ! #bj? ( ,june1 9 ! consul%ip ( ,honorius & ,ari/a5etus0 7#djd74bh ,! fire 0 by "s ?\ght to be ( sup]natural orig94 ,palladius1 ! bi%op's biograph]1 writes1 8,!n a flame seem$ to bur/ f ! c5tre ( ! ?rone 9 :i* he us$ to sit1 & climb$ up by ! *a9s ( lamps to ! ro( 444 & crept l a wriggl+ snake ^u ! back ( ! h\ses ( ! *ur*40 ,!re 0 also burnt ! ,s5ate1 8ly+ _m paces to ! s\? opposite ! *ur*2 & ! fire sp>$ only ! little h\se1 9 :i* ! sacr$ vessels 7 kept40 ,! *ur* 0 aga9 injur$ by fire1 re/or$ by ,!odosius ,,ii41 & r$$icat$ 9 #dae4bi ,fre% relics 7 requir$ = ?is r$$ication4#cj ,"o fact ( importance 9 reg>d to ?is *ur* is relat$ by ,sozom5us ( ! ,empress ,pul*]ia4 8,%e d$icat$ an alt> 9 ! *ur* ( ,con/ant9ople1 a mo/ wond]ful "w ( gold & preci\s /ones1 on behalf ( h] virg9ity & h] bro!rs' empire4 ,& %e wrote ?is on ! face ( ! table s t x might be cle> to all40#ca ,f ?is "t until ! outbreak kn[n z ! ,nika s$ition1 9 ,janu>y #ecb1 ! *ur* is n said to h be5 fur!r alt]$4 ,accord+ to ,c$r5us1 ! records & *>t]s p]i%$ ) ! *ur*4 ,!re _c be a d\bt t ! pres5t ,s4 ,sophia occupies ! site ( ! fir/ *ur*4 ,a *ur* once made holy by d$ication & ! reception ( relics c\ld n be transport$4 ,inde$ x is possible t x may occupy ! site ( "o ( ! ,greek temples1 = !re 0 a con/ant t5d5cy to ?is sup]session on "o sacr$ site2 & ! pres5t *ur* /&s on ! v cre/ ( ! old ,acropolis4 ,if !re 7 any suffici5t reason to id5tify ! site ) t ( ! alt> ( ,pallas1 ! d$ication ( ! *ur* itself w\ld evid5tly be "o ( ! _m in/ances ( a transf]5ce ( title f ! old wor%ip4 ,! ,p>!non--:]e ,hell5ic rites surviv$ to ! six? c5tury--became a *ur* 9 ?is way d$icat$ to ! ,holy ,wisdom4#cb ,! axis ( ! *ur* seems to po9t some:]e betwe5 #cj & #ce s\? ( ea/1 :]e !re is a consid]able sea prospect & a l[ horizon4 ,?is direction1 ei!r by accid5t or int5tion1 mu/ agree v closely ) sunrise at ! w9t] sol/ice3#cc ! latitude ( ! *ur* be+ #da #j #bf4 ,! plan w %[ t ! anci5t ,hippodrome1 & probably ! o!r build+s1 7 set out 9 relation to ?is axis4 ,9 comp>+ ! e>ly ,basilicas ( ,con/ant9ian date1 bo? ^? t exi/ & ^? ( :i* we h descriptions1 we f9d t !y g5]ally1 if n inv>iably1 _h _! doors ( entrance at ! ea/ end1 & _! apses t[>ds ! we/1 exactly ! opposite ( ! m rec5t cu/om4 ,rohault ,de ,fleury says ?is 0 usual 9 ! ,ea/ till ! fif? c5tury1 & ! cu/om cont9u$ mu* lat] 9 ,rome4 ,kraus1 9 ! be/ /udy ( ! subject1#cd writes3 8,s4 ,aga?a at ,rav5na mu/ be m5tion$ z ! fir/ :i* _h its alt> at ! ea/ end3 x 0 built 9 #dag1 & 9 ?is c5tury ! practice became g5]al40 ,socrates 7 #ddj7 says ( ! *ur* ( ,antio* t 8! alt> /ood n at ! ea/ b at ! we/10 b he speaks ( ?is z contr>y to ! usual cu/om at ! "t he wrote4 ,?is *ur* 0 f\nd$ by ,con/ant9e & f9i%$ by 8 son4 ,! ,*ur* ( ! ,apo/les at ,con/ant9ople1 built by ,con/ant9e to conta9 ! relics ( ,s4 ,luke1 seems also to h be5 ent]$ at ! ea/1 = ,s4 ,john ,*ryso/om#ce speaks ( ! emp]or be+ buri$ 89 ! "p 9 front ( ! doors10 & an anonym\s au?or1 :o wrote ab\t ! imp]ial sepul*res1 says t ,con/ant9e's s>cophagus 0 89 front t[>ds ! ea/40#cf ,we %all ?us be foll[+ ! reasonable sugge/ion ( comp>ative ar*ology 9 say+ t ! fir/ *ur* ( ,s4 ,sophia almo/ c]ta9ly _h its entrance doors at ! ea/--! sanctu>y end ( ! pres5t *ur*4 ,! *ur* 0 probably only ( m$ium size2 ! l5g? ( ! pres5t *ur* is ab\t #bej feet1 its va/ness be+ 9 its wid?4 ,! ,pas*al ,*ronicle speaks ( 8its /up5d\s & m>vell\s columns all be+ 02 b ow+ to a v>iant read+ x is difficult to det]m9e :e!r x means t ! pill>s 7 squ>e1 or 7 set 9 a squ>e1 or =m$ f\r bays4 ,glycas & ,cod9us1 :o wrote a ?\s& ye>s aft] ! f\ndation ( ! *ur*1 say t x 0 basilican 7dromika71 & _h a wood5 ro( 7xulotr\llos71 & ! latt] says t ! *ur* ( ,!odosius _h cyl9drical vaults4 ,z x is evid5t f ! rapid de/ruction by fire t ! ro(s ( ! e>ly *ur*es 7 ( wood1 !y 7 probably ,basilicas4 ,only a few m9or p>ticul>s1 su* z ! exi/5ce ( an atrium1 & ! "r ( sanctu>y 9 ! bema 7?usia/]ion71 c be ga!r$ f ! homilies ( ,s4 ,*ryso/om4 ,socrates tells u t ?is patri>* 0 wont to prea* 89 ! ambo = ! sake ( be+ bett] he>d40#cg ,f ,palladius we le>n t !re 0 a bapti/]y 79 :i* ! ,six? ,c\ncil ( ,con/ant9ople1 ,a4,d4 #cid1ch appe>s to h met7 atta*$ to ! *ur*1 & x 0 "h ,*ryso/om took leave ( ! deaconesses at 8 bani%m5t1 z describ$ 9 a passage difficult to int]pret4 8,he w5t out ( ! bapti/]y on ! ea/ side1 = !re 0 no we/]n 7exit74 ,! mule :i* he usually rode 0 made to /& we/w>ds be=e ! gate to ! *ur*1 :]e is ! por*1 s t he might escape ! p :o 7 expect+ him40 ,! passage f ! same au?or ab\t ! wat]s ( ! font be+ /a9$ ) blood does n1 z is sometimes suppos$1 necess>ily ref] to ,s4 ,sophia4 ,9 apply+ ! plan ( a *ur* ( mean size s t ! doors %\ld face ea/w>ds1 we are at once /ruck by f9d+ t ! we/]n hemicycle ( ! pres5t *ur* w\ld lie ab\t ! apse2 & we _c b sugge/ t 9 ?is we may h ! v raison d'tre ( ! rem>kable plan ( ! pres5t *ur*1 :i* x w\ld seem might be prop]ly class$ ) ^? *ur*es :i* h apses at bo? ends1 l ! e>ly basilica at ,orleansville ne> ,tunis2#ci ! ,,ms4 plan ( ,s4 ,gall is ! be/ kn[n example2 our own e>ly *ur* at ,cant]bury 0 ano!r in/ance1 ! result ( add+ to a *ur* ) a we/]n apse2 ,france furni%es ,besanon & ,nev]s1 & ,g]many num]\s examples4 ,x is inde$ possible t "s p>ts ( ! old /ructure may h giv5 practical & positive reasons contribut+ to ?is result1 & a ?or\gh exam9ation ( ! ci/]ns b5ea? ! pres5t floor ( ,s4 ,sophia may yet yield full evid5ce ( ! fir/ basilica2 or if ^! vaults 7 entirely built = ,ju/9ian's *ur*1 _! mat]ial w\ld almo/ c]ta9ly be d]iv$ f ! e>li] build+4 ,we sugge/ t ! circul> brick build+ ly+ at ! nor?-ea/ angle ( ! pres5t *ur* belong$ to ! pre-,ju/9ian *ur*1 & =m$ its bapti/]y4 ,x is ab\t =ty-five feet ext]ior diamet]1 & ! plan z giv5 by ,salz5b]g %[s great resemblance to o!r circul> /ructures ( ! ,con/ant9ian age2 su* z ,s4 ,con/antia 9 ,rome1 ! 8tomb ( ,hel50 at ,rome1 & ! r\nd tomb build+s :i* adjo9$ ,s4 ,pet]'s z %[n 9 ! plan ( ,ciamp9i4#dj ,! entrance doorway ( ?is build+ 0 to ! ea/4 ,z to its use4 ,9 ! contempor>y acc\nt ( ,ju/9ian's *ur*1 ! poet ,paulus1 describ+ ! nor? aisle1 says1 8,on ! nor? is a door admitt+ ! p to ! f\nts t purify ! /a9s ( mortal life & heal e sc>40 ,he does n m5tion ! pres5t s\?-we/ build+1 nor has he any o!r ref]5ce to a font4 ,we suppose !re=e t ?is isolat$ build+ on ! nor?-ea/ escap$ ! ,nika fire1 & s]v$ z ! bapti/]y ( ! new *ur*1 until ! squ>e build+1 on ! side ( ! *ur* t[>ds ! ,augu/eum1 :i* is spok5 ( 9 ! ,c]emonies z ! 8,great ,bapti/]y by ! ,horologium10 0 erect$ = or div]t$ to ?is purpose4 ,we v probably h "s relics ( ! e>li] build+s 9 c]ta9 capitals :i* ,salz5b]g f\nd 9 ! *ur*3#da ! inscrib$ bricks1#db & a ,byzant9e ,cor9?ian capital n[ ly+ 9 ! c\rty>d1 may likewise h belong$ to x4 ,! f9e bronze doors to s\? por* are evid5tly e>li] ?an ! pres5t *ur*1 & s probably are ! slabs ( :i* ! scre5 on s\? side ( fir/ floor is p>tly made up4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,ju/9ian',s ,,*ur* ,! ,new ,*ur*4--,! pre-,ju/9ian *ur* 0 burnt on ! #ae? ,janu>y1 #ecbdc--! fir/ day ( ! s$ition--& ! "w ( recon/ruction 0 begun on ! #bcrd ( ! foll[+ mon?4#dd ,!ophanes#de says ! p]iod employ$ 9 ! con/ruction 0 five ye>s elev5 mon?s & t5 days2 ! /atem5ts !re=e ( ,cod9us & ,glycas1 t x took sev5te5 ye>s to build1 are completely at v>iance ) ?is m cr$ible au?or4 ,! solemn d$ication took place1 z ,m>cell9us ,comes describes1#df on #bf? ,decemb]1 #ecg1 ,indiction #ae1 9 ! elev5? ye> ( ,ju/9ian's reign4 ,a description ( ?is d$ication c]emony is giv5 by ,!ophanes4#dg 8,! procession />t$ f ! *ur* ( ,ana/asia1 ,m5as ! patri>* sitt+ 9 ! royal *>iot1 & ! k+ walk+ ) ! p40 ,9 ! ?irty-second ye> ( ,ju/9ian's reign an e>?quake de/roy$ a great portion ( ! newly erect$ *ur*4#dh ,n[ ,procopius1 ^: contempor>y hi/ory ( ! edifices built by ,ju/9ian 01 accord+ to ,krumba*]1#di f9i%$ & publi%$ 9 ! ye> #eeh or ! spr+ ( #eei at late/1 makes no m5tion ( ?is e>?quake ( #eeh1 ?\gh he describes 9 full h[1 dur+ ! build+ ( ! *ur*1 :i* 0 complet$ 9 #ecg1 ! pi]s ( ! ea/]n ar* ?reat5$ to give way be=e x 0 f9i%$4 ,we may !re=e conclude t he describes ,ju/9ian's *ur* 9 its fir/ /ate4 ,! translation f ,procopius "h giv5 is bas$ on t ( ,mr4 ,aubrey ,/ew>t1 publi%$ by ! ,pale/9e ,pilgrims' ,text ,society1 :i* has be5 comp>$ ) ! orig9al4 ,we give 9 ,fig4 #c a plan ( ! *ur* z built by ,ju/9ian1 s f> z ! evid5ce w all[ ( an approximately c]ta9 re/oration4 ,z ! sev]al diff]5t curv$ portions ( ! plan are difficult to di/+ui%1 we propose s f> z possible to res]ve c]ta9 words = sep>ate p>ts4 ,! small ea/]n semicircle & its vault w be call$ apse & apsoid respectively4 ,hemicycle & semidome w ref] to ! great semicircle at ! ea/ or we/ & its vault4 ,! pairs ( curv$ spaces =m+ ! lat]al recesses 9 ! hemicycles we propose to "n ex$ras & _! half-domes con*s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #c4--,plan ( ,s4 ,sophia z built by ,ju/9ian4 ,procopius4--8,! l[e/ dregs ( ! p 9 ,byzantium once assail$ ! ,emp]or ,ju/9ian 9 ! rebellion call$ ,nika1 :i* ,i h cle>ly describ$ 9 my ,hi/ory ( ! ,w>s4 ,to prove t x 0 n m]ely aga9/ ! emp]or b no less aga9/ ,god t !y took up arms1 !y v5tur$ to burn ! *ur* ( ! ,*ri/ians :i* ! p ( ,byzantium call ,sophia1 a "n mo/ wor?y ( ,god4 ,god p]mitt$ !m to effect ?is crime1 kn[+ h[ great ! beauty ( ?is *ur* w\ld be :5 re/or$4 ,?us ! *ur* 0 entirely r$uc$ to a%es2 b ! ,emp]or ,ju/9ian n long aft]w>ds adorn$ ! new "o 9 su* a fa%ion1 t if any "o _h ask$ ! ,*ri/ians 9 =m] times1 if !y wi%$ _! *ur* to be de/roy$ & ?us re/or$1 %[+ !m ! appe>ance ( ! *ur* :i* we n[ see1 ,i ?9k x probable t !y w\ld h pray$ t !y might s soon z possible behold _! *ur* de/roy$1 9 ord] t x might be *ang$ into its pres5t =m4 ,! emp]or1 ?9k+ n ( co/ ( any k9d1 press$ on ! "w1 & collect$ toge!r workm5 7te*nitai7 f e l&4 ,an!mius ( ,tralles1 ! mo/ skill$ 9 ! build]'s art1 n only ( 8 own b ( all =m] times1 c>ri$ =w>d ! k+'s zeal\s int5tions1 organis$ ! lab\rs ( ! workm51 & prep>$ models ( ! future con/ruction4 ,associat$ ) him 0 ano!r ar*itect 7me*anopoios7 nam$ ,isidorus1 a ,milesian by bir?1 a man ( intellig5ce1 & wor?y to c>ry out ! plans ( ! ,emp]or ,ju/9ian4 ,x is inde$ a pro( ( ! e/eem ) :i* ,god reg>d$ ! emp]or1 t ,he furni%$ him ) m5 :o w\ld be s useful 9 effect+ 8 designs1 & we are compell$ to admire ! wisdom ( ! emp]or1 9 be+ able to *oose ! mo/ suitable ( mank9d to execute ! noble/ ( 8 works4 8,! *ur* consequ5tly pres5ts a mo/ glori\s spectacle1 extraord9>y to ^? :o behold x1 & altoge!r incr$ible to ^? :o are told ( x4 ,9 height x rises to ! v heav5s1 & ov]tops ! neighb\r+ build+s l a %ip an*or$ among !m1 appe>+ above ! re/ ( ! city1 :ile x adorns & =ms a "p ( x4 ,"o ( its beauties is t be+ a "p ( & gr[+ out ( ! city1 x rises s high t ! :ole city c be se5 z f a wat*t[]4 ,! l5g? & bread? are s judici\sly arrang$ t x appe>s to be bo? long & wide )\t be+ disproportion$4 8,x is di/+ui%$ by indescribable beauty1 excell+ bo? 9 its size1 & 9 ! h>mony ( its measures1 hav+ no "p excessive & none defici5t2 be+ m magnific5t ?an ord9>y build+s1 & mu* m elegant ?an ^? :i* are n ( s j a proportion4 ,! *ur* is s+ul>ly full ( light & sun%9e2 y w\ld decl>e t ! place is n light$ by ! sun f )\t1 b t ! rays are produc$ )9 itself1 su* an abundance ( light is p\r$ into ?is *ur*4 ,! ,apse4--,n[ ! head 7prosopon7 ( ! *ur* 7t is to say ! "p t[>ds ! ris+ sun1 :]e ! sacr$ my/]ies are p]=m$ 9 hon\r ( ,god7 is built z foll[s4 ,! build+ rises f ! gr\nd n 9 a /raight l9e1 b sett+ back some:at obliquely1 x retreats 9 ! middle into a r\nd$ =m :i* ^? :o are le>n$ 9 ^! matt]s call semicyl9drical1 ris+ p]p5dicul>ly4 ,apsoid & ,semidome4--,! upp] "p ( ?is "w ends 9 ! f\r? "p ( a sph]e1 & above x ano!r cresc5t-%ap$ 7m5oeides7 /ructure is rais$ ^u ! adjac5t p>ts ( ! build+1 admirable = its beauty1 b caus+ t]ror by ! app>5t weakness ( its con/ruction2 = x appe>s n to re/ ^u a secure f\ndation1 b to hang dang]\sly ov] ! heads ( ^? bel[1 al?\gh x is really support$ ) especial firmness & safety4 ,ex$ras4--,on ea* side ( ^! p>ts are columns /&+ ^u ! floor1 :i* are n plac$ 9 a /raight l9e1 b arrang$ ) an inw>d curve ( semicircul> %ape1 "o beyond ano!r l ! danc]s 9 a *orus4 ,^! columns support above !m a cresc5t-%ap$ /ructure4 ,opposite ! ea/ wall is built ano!r wall1 conta9+ ! entrances1 & ^u ei!r side ( x also /& columns1 ) /one-"w above !m1 9 a half-circle exactly l ^? previ\sly describ$4 ,great ,pi]s & ,ar*es4--,9 ! mid/ ( ! *ur* are f\r masses ( /one call$ pi]s 7pessoi71 two on ! nor?1 & two on ! s\? sides1 opposite & alike1 hav+ f\r columns 9 ! space betwe5 ea* pair4 ,^! pi]s are =m$ ( l>ge /ones fitt$ toge!r1 ! /ones be+ c>efully select$1 & clev]ly jo9t$ into "o ano!r by ! masons1#ej & rea*+ to a great height4 ,look+ at !m1 y w\ld comp>e !m to p]p5dicul> cliffs4 ,^u !m1 f\r ar*es 7apsides7#ea arise ov] a quadrilat]al space4 ,! extremities ( ^! ar*es jo9 "o ano!r 9 pairs1 _! ends re/+ ^u ! pi]s1 :ile ! o!r p>ts ( !m rise to a great height1 susp5d$ 9 ! air4 ,two ( ^! ar*es1 t is ^? t[>ds ! ris+ & ! sett+ ( ! sun1 are con/ruct$ ov] ! empty air1 b ! o!rs h "u !m "s /one-"w1 & small columns4 ,dome & ,p5d5tives4--,n[ above ^! ar*es is rais$ a circul> build+ ( a curv$ =m ?r\gh :i* ! light ( day fir/ %9es2 = ! build+1 :i* ,i imag9e ov]tops ! :ole c\ntry1 has small op5+s left on purpose1 s t ! places :]e ^! int]vals occur may s]ve = ! light to come ?r\gh4 ,?us f> ,i imag9e ! build+ is n incapable ( be+ describ$1 ev5 by a weak & feeble tongue4 ,z ! ar*es are arrang$ 9 a quadrangul> figure1 ! /one-"w betwe5 !m takes ! %ape ( a triangle1 ! l[] angle ( ea* triangle1 be+ compress$ :]e ! ar*es unite1 is sl5d]1 :ile ! upp] "p becomes wid] z x rises 9 ! space betwe5 !m1 & ends aga9/ ! circle :i* re/s ^u !m1 =m+ !re its rema9+ angles4 ,a sph]ical-%ap$ dome 7?olos7 /&+ ^u ?is circle makes x exce$+ly beautiful2 f ! lightness ( ! build+1 x does n appe> to re/ ^u a solid f\ndation1 b to cov] ! place b5ea? z ?\gh x 7 susp5d$ f heav5 by ! fabl$ gold5 *a94 ,all ^! p>ts surpris+ly jo9$ to "o ano!r 9 ! air1 susp5d$ "o f ano!r1 & re/+ only on t :i* is next to !m1 =m ! "w into "o admirably h>moni\s :ole1 :i* spectators d n dwell ^u = long 9 ! mass1 z ea* individual "p attracts ! eye to itself4 ,! sight causes m5 con/antly to *ange _! po9t ( view1 & ! spectator c n[h]e po9t to any "p :i* he admires m ?an ! re/4 ,see+ ! art :i* appe>s ev]y:]e1 m5 contract _! eyebr[s z !y look at ea* "p1 & are unable to compreh5d su* workman%ip1 b always dep>t !nce1 /upefi$1 ?r\gh _! incapacity4 ,s mu* = ?is4 8,! ,emp]or ,ju/9ian & ! ar*itects ,an!mius & ,isidorus us$ _m devices to con/ruct s l(ty a *ur* ) security4 ,"o ( ^! ,i w n[ expla91 by :i* a man may =m "s op9ion ( ! /r5g? ( ! :ole "w2 z = ! o!rs ,i am n able to discov] !m all1 & f9d x impossible to describe !m 9 words4 ,x is z foll[s3 ,! pi]s1 ( :i* ,i j n[ spoke1 are n con/ruct$ 9 ! same mann] z ! re/ ( ! build+2 b 9 ?is fa%ion2 !y consi/ ( quadrangul> c\rses ( /one1 r\gh by nature1 & made smoo? by art2 ( ^! /ones1 ^? :i* make ! project+ angles ( ! pi] are cut angul>ly 7engonios71 :ile ^? :i* g 9 ! middle p>ts ( ! sides are cut squ>e 7tetragonos74 8,!y are fa/5$ toge!r n ) lime 7titanos71 call$ #8unslak$' 7asbe/os71 n ) asphaltum1 ! boa/ ( ,semiramis at ,babylon1 nor any?+ ( ! k9d1 b ) lead1 :i*1 p\r$ into ! int]/ices1 has sunk into ! jo9ts ( ! /ones1 & b9ds !m toge!r2 ?is is h[ !y are built4 8,let u n[ proce$ to describe ! rema9+ p>ts ( ! *ur*4 ,! entire ceil+ is cov]$ ) pure gold1 :i* adds to its glory1 ?\gh ! reflections ( ! gold ^u ! m>ble surpass x 9 beauty4 ,!re are two aisles "o above ano!r on ea* side1 :i* d n 9 any way less5 ! size ( ! *ur*1 b add to its wid?4 ,9 l5g? !y rea* q to ! ends ( ! build+1 b 9 height !y fall %ort ( x2 ^! also h dom$ ceil+s adorn$ ) gold4 ,( ^! two porticoes "o gr\nd floor is set ap>t = male & ! o!r upp] floor = female wor%ipp]s2 !re is no v>iety 9 !m1 nor d !y diff] 9 any respect f "o ano!r1 b _! v equality & simil>ity add to ! beauty ( ! *ur*4 ,:o c\ld describe ^! gynaeceum gall]ies1 or ! num]\s porticoes 7/oai7 & cloi/]$ c\rts 7p]i/uloi aulai7 ) :i* ! *ur* is surr\nd$8 ,:o c\ld tell ( ! beauty ( ! columns & m>bles ) :i* ! *ur* is adorn$8 ,"o w\ld ?9k t "o _h come ^u a mead[ full ( fl[]s 9 bloom6 ,:o w\ld n admire ! purple t9ts ( "s1 & ! gre5 ( o!rs1 ! gl[+ r$ & ! glitt]+ :ite1 & ^? too1 :i* nature1 pa9t]-l1 has m>k$ ) ! /ronge/ contra/s ( col\r8 ,:oev] ent]s !re to wor%ip p]ceives at once t x is n by any human /r5g? or skill1 b by ! fav\r ( ,god1 t ?is "w has be5 p]fect$2 ! m9d rises sublime to commune ) ,god1 feel+ t ,he _c be f> (f1 b mu/ especially love to dwell 9 ! place :i* ,he has *os52 & ?is is felt n only :5 a man sees x = ! fir/ "t1 b x always makes ! same impression ^u him1 z ?\gh he _h nev] beheld x be=e4 ,no "o ev] became we>y ( ?is spectacle1 b ^? :o are 9 ! *ur* delight 9 :at !y see1 &1 :5 !y leave1 magnify x 9 _! talk4 ,moreov] x is impossible accurately to describe ! gold1 & silv]1 & gems1 pres5t$ by ! ,emp]or ,ju/9ian2 b by ! description ( "o "p1 ,i leave ! re/ to be inf]r$4--,t "p ( ! *ur* :i* is especially sacr$1 & :]e ! prie/s alone are all[$ to ent]1 :i* is call$ ! ,sanctu>y 7?usia/]ion71 conta9s =ty ?\s& p\nds' weight ( silv]4 8,! above is an acc\nt1 writt5 9 ! mo/ abridg$ & cursory mann]1 describ+ 9 ! fewe/ possible words ! mo/ admirable /ructure ( ! *ur* at ,con/ant9ople1 :i* is call$ ! ,great ,*ur*1 built by ! ,emp]or ,ju/9ian1 :o did n m]ely supply ! funds = x1 b assi/$ at its build+ by ! lab\r & p[]s ( 8 m9d1 z ,i w n[ expla94 ,( ! two ar*es 7apsides71 :i* ,i lately m5tion$--! ar*itects 7me*anopoioi7 call !m loroi#eb--t "o :i* /&s t[>ds ! ea/ _h be5 built up on ea* side1 b _h n altoge!r be5 complet$ 9 ! middle1 :]e x 0 /ill imp]fect2 :5 ! pi]s 7pessoi7 ^u :i* ! build+ re/$1 unable to support ! weight :i* 0 put ^u !m1 someh[ all at once split op51 & seem$ z ?\gh be=e long !y w\ld fall to pieces4 ,^u ?is ,an!mius & ,isidorus1 t]rifi$ at :at _h tak5 place1 ref]r$ ! matt] to ! emp]or1 los+ all confid5ce 9 _! own skill4 ,he at once1 ,i "k n by :at impulse1 b probably inspir$ by ,heav51 = he is n an ar*itect1 ord]$ !m to complete ?is ar*2 = x1 said he1 re/+ ^u itself1 w no long] ne$ ! pi]s 7pessoi7 bel[4#ec ,n[ if ?is /ory 7 unsupport$ by witnesses1 ,i am well assur$ t x w\ld seem to be writt5 9 ord] to flatt]1 & w\ld be q incr$ible2 b z !re are _m witnesses n[ alive ( :at !n took place ,i %all n hesitate to f9i% x4 ,! workm5 p]=m$ 8 bidd+1 ! ar* 0 safely susp5d$1 & prov$ by exp]im5t ! tru? ( 8 conception4 ,s mu* !n = ?is "p ( ! build+2 n[ ) reg>d to ! o!r ar*es1 ^? look+ to ! s\? & to ! nor?1 ! foll[+ incid5ts took place4 ,:5 ! ar*es call$ loroi 7 rais$ al(t dur+ ! build+ ( ! *ur* ev]y?+ bel[ !m lab\r$ "u _! weight1 & ! columns :i* are plac$ !re %$ little scales1 z ?\gh !y _h be5 plan$4 8,al>m$ at ?is1 ! ar*itects 7me*anikoi7 aga9 ref]r$ ! matt] to ! emp]or1 :o devis$ ! foll[+ s*eme4 ,he ord]$ ! upp] "p ( ! "w t 0 giv+ way to be tak5 d[n :]e x t\*$ ! ar*es = ! pres5t1 & to be replac$ aft]w>ds :5 ! damp _h ?or\ghly left ! fabric4 ,?is 0 done1 & ! build+ has /ood safely ev] s9ce1 s t ! /ructure1 z x 71 be>s witness to ! emp]or's skill40 ,fall ( ,dome & ,re/oration4--,on ! #g? ( ,may1 #eeh1 ! ea/]n "p ( ! dome1 8built by ,isaurian workm51 ) ! apse1 0 ?r[n d[n by an e>?quake1 de/roy+ 9 its fall ! holy table1 ! ciborium1 & ! ambo40#ed ,ref]5ce is made to ?is 9 ! op5+ l9es ( ! ,sil5ti>y's poem 7see ,*apt] ,,iii474 ,accord+ to ,!ophanes 8! ar*itects attribut$ its fall to ! fact t to save exp5se ! pi]s _h be5 made too full ( op5+s4 ,! emp]or re/or$ ! pi]s & rais$ ! dome tw5ty feet40 ,! *ur* 0 aga9 consecrat$ 9 ! fif? ye> aft] ! cata/rophe by ,euty*ius 9 ! ?irty-six? ye> ( ,ju/9ian1 on ! #bd? ( ,decemb]4#ee ,!ophanes#ef describes ! emp]or & patri>* z rid+ toge!r to ! *ur* 9 a *>iot1 & be>+ ! gospel ) !m1 8:ile ! p *ant$ ! #8,lift up y\r gates4'0 ,! *ur*1 aft] its repair1 is describ$ by ?ree contempor>y au?ors--,paul ! ,sil5ti>y1 ,aga?ias1 & ,evagrius4 ,! poem ( ! fir/ ( ^! is giv5 9 ! next *apt]4 ,aga?ias4--,aga?ias1 surnam$ ! s*ol>1 0 born 9 #ecf at ,myr9a 9 ,asia ,m9or1#eg /udi$ at ,alex&ria1 & came 9 #eed to ,con/ant9ople1 :]e he became kn[n z a hi/orian & a poet1 & di$ 9 #ehb4 ,ju/9ian1 he says1 re/or$ sev]al build+s aft] ! e>?quake1 8 especial c>e h[ev] 0 ! great *ur* ( ,s4 ,sophia4#eh 8,n[ ! =m] *ur* hav+ be5 burnt by ! angry mob1 ,ju/9ian built x up aga9 f ! f\ndations z big & m beautiful & wond]ful1 & ?is mo/ beautiful design 0 adorn$ ) mu* preci\s metal4 ,he built x 9 a r\nd =m ) burnt brick & lime1 x 0 b\nd toge!r "h & !re ) iron1 b !y avoid$ ! use ( wood1 s t x %\ld no m be easily burnt4 ,n[ ,an!mius 0 ! man :o devis$ & work$ at e "p4 8,& z by ! e>?quake ! middle portion ( ! ro( & ! high] p>ts _h be5 de/roy$1 ! k+ made x /rong]1 & rais$ x to a great] height4 ,an!mius 0 !n dead1 b ! "y man ,isidorus & ! o!r craftsm51 turn+ ov] 9 _! m9ds ! previ\s design1 & comp>+ :at _h fall5 ) :at rema9$1 e/imat$ :]e ! error lay1 & ( :at k9d x 04 ,!y det]m9$ to leave ! ea/]n & we/]n ar*es 7apsides7 z !y 74 ,b ( ! nor!rn & s\!rn 7ar*es7 !y br\ght t[>ds ! inside1 t portion ( ! build+ :i* 0 on ! curve4#ei ,& !y made ^! ar*es wid] s z to be m 9 h>mony ) ! o!rs1 ?us mak+ ! equilat]al symmetry m p]fect4 ,9 ?is way !y 7 able to cov] ! measurelessness ( ! empty space1 & to /eal (f "s ( its ext5t to =m an oblong design4 ,& aga9 !y wr\ght t :i* rose up ov] x 9 ! middle1 :e!r orb 7kuklos71 or hemisph]e1 or :atev] o!r "n x may be call$4 ,& ?is also became m /raight=w>d & ( a bett] curve1 9 e "p agree+ ) ! l9e2 & at ! same "t n s wide b high]1 s t x did n fright5 ! spectators z =m]ly1 b 0 set mu* /rong] & saf]40 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #d4--,longitud9al ,section1 hav+ reg>d to ,dome z fir/ built4 ,evagrius4--,?is hi/orian 0 born 9 #ecf ,a4,d4#fj at ,epiphania on ! ,orontes4 ,9 8 ,ecclesia/ical ,hi/ory we le>n ( ! suff]+ caus$ by ! invasion ( ,*osroes 9 #edj4 ,f ?is "t all ,syria 0 cont9ually di/urb$1 & ! educat$ ,*ri/ians fell back m & m on ,con/ant9ople4 ,evagrius came to ,con/ant9ople 9 #ehi1 ?\gh he return$ to ,antio* aft]w>ds4 ,8 hi/ory comm5ces ) ! ,c\ncil ( ,ephesus 9 #dca & ext5ds to ! ye> #eic4 ,he says#fa3-- 8,9 ! city ( ,con/ant9ople ,ju/9ian con/ruct$ _m *ur*es ( wond]ful beauty 9 hon\r ( ,god1 & ! sa9ts--among !m 0 a great & incomp>able "w ( a k9d t none l x 0 ev] rememb]$--! great *ur* ( ,s4 ,sophia2 :i* excell+ 9 beauty1 f> surpasses p[] ( description4 8,z f> z ,i c ,i w expla9 x4 ,! nave 7naos7 ( ! temple has a dome 7?olos7 ov] x spread+ its weight on f\r ar*es1 rais$ to su* a height1 t to ^? look+ f bel[ x is difficult to see ! :ole hemisph]e4 ,& ^? :o are above1 h[ev] bold !y are1 nev] d>e to b5d ov] & look on to ! gr\nd3 & ! ar*es are op5 f ! base up to _! cr[n4 ,on ! "r & left h[ev]1 opposite to "o ano!r1 are rang$ columns ( ,!ssalian m>ble4 ,^! ) o!r neighb\r+ columns c>ry upp] *amb]s1 :i* (f] a place to lean =w>d = ^? :o wi%4 ,"h x is t ! empress is wont to att5d s]vice on fe/al days4 8,b ! ar*es to ea/ & we/ are left s t no?+ int]f]es ) admiration ( _! size4 ,n[ ! arcades ( ! j m5tion$ upp] *amb]s are support$ f b5ea? by columns & small ar*es1 :i* greatly add to ! "w4 ,9 ord] t ! wond] ( ?is build+ may be m easily grasp$1 ,i h "h plac$ 9 feet ! measures ( ! l5g?1 bread?1 & height2 & ( ! ar*es _! diamet] & height4 ,! l5g? !n f ! door opposite ! holy apse1 :]e is (f]$ ! bloodless sacrifice1 to ! apse itself is #aij feet2 ! bread? ( ! nave f nor? to s\? is #aae4 ,! height f ! c5tre ( ! dome to ! gr\nd is #ahj feet4 ,& ( ! ar*es1 ! wid? ( ea* 9 feet is no numb] giv54 ,& ! l5g? f ea/ to we/ is #bjj feet4 ,! wid? ( ! op5+ is #ge feet4#fb ,!re are also to ! we/ two f9e porticoes1 & ev]y:]e op5 c\rts ( wond]ful beauty40 ,paul ! ,sil5ti>y4--,z ?is au?or's really detail$ acc\nt ( ! *ur* is ( consid]able l5g?1 we h res]v$ x = ! next *apt]1 al?\gh x 0 writt5 be=e ! descriptions j giv5 by ,aga?ias & ,evagrius4 ,= ! little t is kn[n ( ! au?or we are almo/ entirely indebt$ to 8 fri5d ,aga?ias1 :o says3 8,if any "o liv+ p]*ance f> f ?is city1 wi%es to "k & see ev]y?+ z if pres5t & look+ on1 let him read :at ,paulus1 son ( ,cyrus1 son ( ,florus1 has writt5 9 hexamet] v]se2 he is *ief ( ! ,royal ,sil5ti>ies1 & sprung f a noble race2 inh]it+ ance/ral weal?1 yet zeal\sly br\ght up 9 ! /udy ( lett]s1 by :i* he 0 ! m glori\s & fam\s4 ,he wrote a numb] ( o!r poems wor?y ( memory & praise1 b x seems to me t t :i* he wrote on ! ,great ,*ur* is complet$ ) ! mo/ skill & lab\r1 ev5 z its subject is m wor?y ?an any o!r4 ,= y w f9d 9 8 poem ! arrangem5t ( ! =m1 & ! nature ( ! /ones expla9$2 ! beauty & purpose ( ! curta9s2 ! l5g?s & heights1 :at is curv$ & :at /raight1 :at projects & :at is susp5d$4 ,y w le>n1 too1 h[ ) silv] & gold ! m sacr$ "p1 int5d$ = ! div9e my/]ies1 0 adorn$2 z well z :atev] ornam5t great or small is !re1 :i* ^? :o frequ5t ! *ur* may see40 ,! ,sil5ti>ies1 ( :om ,paulus 0 "o1 7 c\rt (ficials4 ,_! (fice 0 an exalt$ "o1 z !y rank$ ) ! s5ators1 & 7 employ$ on all k9ds ( s]vice1 n unfrequ5tly becom+ ! hi/orians ( ! emp]or4 ,paulus belong$ to ! cultivat$ & lit]>y circle1 :o dur+ ,ju/9ian's reign int]e/$ !mselves 9 lit]ature1 & to him are attribut$ m ?an eighty poems 9 ! ,an?ology4#fc ,! description or r explanation ( ,s4 ,sophia 0 mo/ probably writt5 & recit$ z an ,op5+ ,ode at ! ,enca5ia ( ,decemb] #bd?1 #efc4 ,krtum 79 ,salz5b]g7 conjectures t ! poem 0 recit$ 9 8a hall ( ! ,imp]ial ,palace10 b ,du ,cange is probably m correct 9 assign+ only ! fir/ eighty l9es to ! ,palace4 ,! succe$+ l9es he says 87 address$ to ! cl]gy 9 ! ,patri>*'s ,palace10 b we believe1 f ! anti!sis betwe5 ! ,palace ( ! ,emp]or & ! ,h\se ( ,god1 t ! address to ! patri>* 0 spok5 )9 ! walls ( ! *ur* itself1 & t ! :ole poem1 :i* is divid$ into ?ree p>ts1 0 writt5 to be recit$ 9 connection ) ! op5+ c]emony m5tion$ above4 ,x %[s u h[ mu* ar*itecture 0 e/eem$ by ,ju/9ian1 t ! hi/orian ( 8 w>s wrote also a hi/ory ( 8 build+s2 & ! c\rt poet 0 employ$ to celebrate ! greate/ ( !m 9 v]se4 ,on _m acc\nts ! poem is ! be/ anci5t ar*itectural description extant4 ,x is exact 9 accuracy1 mo/ ord]ly 9 its sequ5ce :5 read ) a k ( ! build+1 & mu/ h be5 writt5 )9 its walls4 ,a close & c>eful /udy writt5 :5 ar*itectural ideas 7 9 ! asc5dant--! *ief subject ( ?\ght 9 times ( peace--x is no futile attempt to expla9 a "w ( g5ius 9 t]ms ( me*anics & foot-rule measurem5ts1 aft] ! mann] ( an ar*itectural lecture1 b x translates ! ideas ( ! arti/ into ! words ( ! poet4 ,! conceit ( ,hom]ic metre & phras+ is almo/ a *>m at ?is di/ance ( "t1 ! poet's en?usiasm be+ q suffici5t to c>ry (f ! affectation ( attempt+ an ar*itectural epic4 ,x is n h[ev] 9 its =m b 9 its /imulus to imag9ation t we see its *ief value4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,! ,,sil5ti>y',s ,,poem--,,"p ,i ,! fir/ eighty l9es ( ! ,prelude are an eulogy on ! emp]or4 ,! succe$+ l9es 7 address$ to ! cl]gy4 8,we come to y1 sirs1 f ! home ( ! emp]or1 to ! home ( ! ,almighty ,emp]or1 ! ,devis] ( ! ,univ]se1 by ^: grace victory cleaves to our "l4 ,! augu/ head ( our /ate l5t a k9dly e> to our words1 z he sat 9 ! hall2 n[ we see ! *ief ( ! sacr$ prie/s4 ,may he too fav\r u1 & may none ( ^? :o li/5 c>p at our words40 ,! poem itself1 9 long ,hom]ic hexamet]s1 beg9s by describ+ ! g5]al peace ?r\gh\t ! ,roman _w at ! "t ( ! re/oration ( ,s4 ,sophia4 ,dr4 ,krtum notes ! foll[+ ref]5ces to ev5ts only !n rec5tly pass$4 ,! rule ( ! ,v&als 9 ,africa _h be5 de/roy$ by ,belis>ius 7#ecd71 & a lat] insurrection quell$ 7#ede72 ! reign ( ! ,o/rogo?s 9 ! ,we/ _h come to an end 7#eed71 & peace _h j be5 conclud$ ) ! ,p]sians 7#efa74 ,!re is also an allusion to ! conspiracy ( ?is same ye>1 :5 an attempt 0 made on ! emp]or's life4 ,! poet !n1 describ+ ! ru9 caus$ by ! e>?quake 7#eeh7 at ,s4 ,sophia1 tells u t 8! v f\ndations ( ! dome fail$1 & ?ick cl\ds ( du/ d>k5$ ! midday sun4 ,yet ! :ole *ur* did n fall1 b only ! top ( ! ea/]n vault1 & a portion ( ! dome above4 ,"p lay on ! gr\nd1 "p op5 to ! light ( day1 hung susp5d$ 9 ! air40 8,b ! emp]or soon began to build aga91 ! ,g5ius ( ,new ,rome by 8 side40 ,:5 ! emp]or w5t to ! ru9s ( ! *ur* he prais$ ! skilful craft ( ,an!mius2 8he x 0 :o laid ! fir/ f\ndations ( ! *ur*1 "o skill$ to draw a circle or set out a plan4#fd ,& he gave to ! walls /r5g? to resi/ ! pu%+ ar*es1 :i* 7 l active demons4 ,?is "t x 0 n m]ely ! cr[n ( ! ar* t gave way see above1 p4 #bh1 = ! v pi]s 7 %ak5 to _! f\ndations40 ,! poet n[ describes ! build+3 8,:oev] raises 8 eyes to ! beaute\s firmam5t ( ! ro(1 sc>ce d>es to gaze on its r\nd$ expanse spr9kl$ ) ! />s ( heav51 b turns to ! fre% gre5 m>ble bel[1 seem+ z x 7 to see fl[]-bord]$ /reams ( ,!ssaly1 & budd+ corn1 & woods ?ick ) trees2 leap+ flocks too & tw9+ olive-trees1 & ! v9e ) gre5 t5drils1 or ! deep blue peace ( summ] sea1 brok5 by ! pla%+ o>s ( spray-girt %ip4 ,:oev] puts foot )9 ! sacr$ fane1 w\ld live !re = ev]1 & 8 eyes well ) te>s ( joy4 ,?us by ,div9e c\nsel1 :ile angels wat*$1 0 ! temple built aga94 8,at la/ ! holy morn _h come1 & ! great door ( ! new-built temple groan$ on its op5+ h+es1 invit+ emp]or & p to ent]2 & :5 ! inn] "p 0 se5 sorr[ fl$ f ! he>ts ( all1 z ! sun lit ! glories ( ! temple4 ',twas = ! emp]or to lead ! way = 8 p1 & on ! morr[ to celebrate ! bir? ( ,*ri/4 ,& :5 ! fir/ gleam ( light rosy-arm$ driv+ away ! d>k %ad[s1 leapt f ar* to ar*1 !n all ! pr9ces & p ) "o voice hymn$ _! songs ( pray] & praise2 & z !y came to ! sacr$ c\rts1 x seem$ to !m z if ! mighty ar*es 7 set 9 heav54 ,apse & ,ex$ras4--8,t[>ds ! ,ea/ unfold triple spaces ( semicircul> =m2 & above1 on an upright b& ( wall1 so>s al(t ! f\r? "p ( a sph]e4 ,ev5 s1 high ov] its back & triple cre/1 %imm] ! tail fea!rs ( a peacock1 ) _! c\ntless eyes4 ,^! cr[n+ p>ts m5 le>n$ 9 ! build]'s art call con*s2 & c]ta9 x is !y call !m s f a %ell ( ! sea1 or 'tis a craftsman's "n4 ,apse4--8,! middle apse holds ! /alls 7?okoi7 & /eps 7ba?ra7 rang$ circle-wise4 ,"s on ! level ( ! gr\nd are mass$ close toge!r r\nd ! c5tre2 & z !y rise high]1 ) ! spaces betwe5 !m1 !y wid5 out little by little1 until !y come to ! /alls ( silv]4 ,?us ) increas+ circles !y ev] :eel r\nd a fix$ circle 9 ! pavem5t4 ,bema4--8,n[ ! apse is sep>at$ f ! nave by a space betwe5 v]tical walls built on /rong f\ndations1 ) an ar*#fe above1 n a portion ( a sph]e1 b 9 ! =m ( a cyl9d] cleft 9 twa94 ,ex$ras4--8,& we/w>ds aga9 are two con*s on columns1 "o on ei!r side2 project+ z if /ret*+ out b5t arms to embrace ! p s++ 9 ! *ur*4 ,!y are borne by columns ( porphyry1 bright ( bloom rang$ 9 semicircul> l9e1 & ) capitals 7k>5oi7 ( gold1 c>ry+ ! weight ( ! ar*es 7kukloi7 above4 ,^! columns 7 once br\ght f ! cliffs ( ,!bes1 :i* /&1 l greav$ w>riors1 by ! banks ( ,nile4 ,?us1 on two columns1 on ei!r side1 rise ! l[] p>ts ( ei!r ex$ra 7apsis74 ,& = ! support ( ea*1 ! skill$ workman has b5t f bel[ ?ree small semicircul> ar*es 7apsides72 &1 b5ea? _! spr++1 ! tops 7k>eata7 ( ! columns are b\nd ) well-wr\ght bronze1 ov]laid ) gold1 :i* drives away all fe>4 ,n[ above ! porphyry columns /& o!rs f ,!ssaly1 spl5did fl[]s ( fre% gre54 ,"h are ! fair upp] gall]ies = ! wom54 ,^! too h ar*es1 z may be se5 f bel[1 ?\gh !y %[ six ,!ssalian columns & n two4 ,& "o wond]s at ! p[] ( him1 :o bravely set six columns ov] two1 & has n trembl$ to fix _! bases ov] empty air4#ff ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #e4--;,gr\nd ,plan4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #f4--,plan ( ,gynaeceum ,gall]ies4 ,! left-h& side ( ea* plan %[s ! vaults1 & ! "r-h& side ! iron ties & wood /ruts at spr++ ( vaults4 8,n[ ! workman has f5c$ all ! spaces betwe5 ! ,!ssalian columns1 ) /one closures1 on :i* ! wom5 c lean & support _! elb[s4 ,?us z y raise y\r gaze to ! ea/]n ar*es 7antuges7 a nev]-end+ wond] appe>s4 ,ea/]n ,semidome4--8,& ^u all ( !m1 above ! curv$ =ms rises yet ano!r vault 7apsis71 borne on ! air1 rais+ its head al(t up to ! wide-rea*+ ar*1 on ^: back are firmly fix$ ! l[e/ c\rses ( ! div9e head-piece 7koros7 ( ! c5tre ( ! *ur*4 ,?us rises on high ! deep-bosom$ vault1 borne above triple voids bel[2 & ?r\gh fivefold op5+s1 pi]c$ 9 its back1 fill$ ) ?9 plates ( glass1 comes ! morn+ light scatt]+ sp>kl+ rays4 ,,"p ,,ii ,we/]n ,end4--8,& look+ t[>ds ! sunset1 "o might see ! same z t[>ds ! dawn1 ?\gh a portion diff]s4 ,= !re 9 ! c5tre x is n drawn r\nd 9 a circle1 z on ! ea/]n b\nd>y1 :]e sit ! le>n$ prie/s on seats ( respl5d5t silv]1 b at ! we/ end is a va/ entrance 7puleon72 n only "o door1 b ?ree4 ,n>!x4--8,& outside ( ! doors 7pulai7 !re /ret*es a long por* 7aulon71 receiv+ b5ea? wide portals 7?uretroi7 ^? t ent]2 & x is z long z ! wondr\s *ur* is broad4 ,9 ! ,greek spee* ?is "p is call$ ! n>!x4 ,"h ?r\gh ! night swells ! melodi\s s\nd1 pleas+ to ! e>s ( ,him :o give? life to all2 :5 ! psalms ( ,david are sung 9 antiphonal /ra9s--t sweet-voic$ ,david1 :om ! div9e voice ( ! ,almighty prais$1 & ^: glori\s po/]ity conceiv$ ! s9less ,son ( ,god1 :o 0 9 ,virg9's pangs br\ght =?1 & subject$ to a ,"m's c>e4 ,n[ into ?is por* op5 sev5 wide holy gates 7puleones71 invit+ ! p to ent]4 ,"o ( !m is on ! s\? ( ! n>r[ por*1 & ano!r op5s to ,boreas1 b ! o!rs are op5$ on creak+ h+es by ! doorkeep] 7neokoros7 9 ! we/ wall4 ,?is wall is ! end ( ! *ur*4 8,:i!r am ,i c>ri$8 ,:at breeze has driv51 l a %ip at sea1 my errant spee*8 ,! v c5tre ( ! fam\s *ur* is all =gott52 return1 my muse1 to see ! wond]s sc>cely to be believ$ :5 se5 or he>d4 ,! ,f\r ,pi]s4--8,alongside ( ! ea/]n & we/]n curves 7kukloi7--! half-circles ) _! pairs ( columns f ,!bes--/& f\r /rong well-built pi]s 7toi*oi71 nak$ to look on 9 front1 b on _! sides & backs !y h support+ ar*es1 & ! f\r re/ on /rong f\ndations ( h>d /ones4 ,9 ! jo9ts ! workman has mix$ & p\r$ ! du/ ( fireburnt /one1 b9d+ all toge!r ) ! build]'s art4 8,above !m spr+ measureless curv$ ar*es l ! _m-col\r$ b[ ( ,iris3 "o op5s t[>ds ! home ( ,zephyr1 ano!r to ,boreas1 ano!r to ,notus1 & yet ano!r to ! fi]y ,eurus4 ,& e ar* 7antux7 has its foot at ei!r end fix$ un%ak51 & jo9$ to ! neighb\r+ curves4 ,b z ea* rises sl[ly 9 ! air 9 b5d+ l9e1 x sep>ates f ! o!r to :i* fir/ x 0 jo9$4 ,! ,p5d5tives4--8,n[ ! "p betwe5 ^! same ar*es 7apsides7 is fill$ ) wondr\s skill4 ,= :]e1 z ne$s mu/ be1 ! ar*es b5d away f "o ano!r1 & w\ld h %[n empty air1 a curv$ wall1 l a triangle1 gr[s ov]1 t\*+ ! rim ( ! ar*es on ei!r side4 ,& ! f\r triangles1 creep+ ov]1 spread out1 until !y become unit$ above ! cr[n ( ea* ar*4 ,! middle portion ( ! ar*es1 z mu* z =ms ! curv$ rim1 ! build]'s skill has =m$ ) ?9 bricks 7pl9?oi71 & has ?us made fa/ ! topmo/ curves ( ! h\se ( /one4 8,n[ 9 ! jo9ts !y h put %eets ( s(t lead1 le/ ! /ones1 z !y lie on "o ano!r1 add+ weight to weight1 %\ld h _! backs brok54 ,?us ) ! lead ins]t$1 ! pressure is s(t5$1 & ! /one f\ndation is g5tly burd5$4 ,cornice ( ,dome4--8,a rim 7antux7 curv+ r\nd1 is firmly fix$ on ! backs 7( ! ar*es71 :]e re/s ! base ( ! hemisph]e#fg2 ?is is ! circle ( ! l[e/ c\rse :i* !y h set z a cr[n on ! backs ( ! ar*es 7apsides74 ,& j "u ! project+ firmam5t 7kosmos71 ! hang+ /ones =m a n>r[ curv$ pa?1 on :i* ! man :o c>es = ! sacr$ lights c walk fe>lessly1 & trim ea* 9 turn4 ,! ,dome4--8,& above all rises into ! immeasurable air ! great helmet ( ! dome1 :i*1 b5d+ ov]1 l ! radiant heav5s1 embraces ! *ur*4 ,& at ! highe/ "p1 at ! cr[n1 0 depict$#fh ! cross1 ! protector ( ! city4 ,& wondr\s x is to see h[ ! dome gradually rises1 wide bel[1 & gr[+ less z x rea*es high]4 ,x does n h[ev] spr+ upw>ds to a %>p po9t1 b is l ! firmam5t :i* re/s on air1 ?\gh ! dome is fix$ on ! /rong backs ( ! ar*es40 7,"h is a lacuna 9 ! ,greek text2 two brok5 l9es1 #id1 #ie1 speak ( 8w9d[ op5+s made 9 ! apses1 ?r\gh :i* /reams ! spl5d\r ( ! gold5 morn+ light407 8,) dauntless p5 ,i w describe :at plan ! emp]or devis$ = ! broad *ur*1 & h[1 ) build]'s skill1 bo? ! curves ( ! ar*es & ! vault ( ! wide-ext5d$ h\se 7 =m$ ) ?9 bricks 7pl9?oi71 & rais$ on firm f\ndations4 ,?us ! skilful ma/]-man1 well v]s$ 9 e craft1 =m$ a ceil+ to ! l(ty nave4 ,yet he did n s5d to ! hills ( ,phnician ,lebanon1 nor to se>* ! d>k woods ( ! ,alp9e crags1 nor :]e "s ,assyrian or ,celtic woodman goads on ! ox5 9 d5se =e/s1 nor did he ?9k to use fir 7peuke7 or p9e 7elate7 to ro( ! h\se4 ,f nei!r ! glades ( ,daphne#fi by ,orontes1 nor f ! wood$ crags ( ,pat>a#gj came cypress wood1 to =m a cov]+ = ! mighty temple4 ,= our noble k+1 s9ce nature c\ld produce no timb] great en\gh1 _h x cov]$ ) /ones 7li?oi7 laid 9 a r\nd =m4 ,?us on ! f\r ar*es 7apsides7 rose1 l a beaute\s helmet1 ! deep-bosom$ swell+ ro( 7kaluptra73 & x seems t ! eye1 z x w&]s r\nd1 gazes on ! circl+ heav5s4 ,& b5ea? ! two great ar*es 7apsides71 to ! ea/ & to ! we/1 y mu/ "k t x is all op51 & ext5d$ 9 ! air4 8,b t[>ds ! murmur+ s\? w9d & ! cold dry nor?1 a wall1 mighty 9 /r5g?1 rises to ! "u side ( ! r\nd$ ar* 7antux74 ,n[ ?is wall is made bright ) eight w9d[s1 & re/s bel[ on great props ( m>ble4 ,= b5ea? x six columns1 l ! fre% gre5 ( ! em]ald1 9 union support untir$ ! weight ( wall4 ,& ^! aga9 are borne on /rong columns fix$ immovable on ! gr\nd1 glitt]+ jewels ( ,!ssalian m>ble1 ) capitals above !m l locks ( gold5 hair4 ,^! sep>ate ! middle portion ( ! glori\s nave f ! neighb\r+ aisle 7ai?\sa7 t /ret*es alongside4 ,nev] 7 su* columns1 bloom+ ) a _m-hu$ brightness1#ga hewn f ! craggy hills ( sea-wa%$ ,molossis4 ,nor? ,aisle1 ,c5tre ,division4--8,& 9 ! aisle itself1 9 ! middle space ,an!mius ( _m crafts1 & ) him ,isiodorus ! wise1--= bo? ( !m1 act+ "u ! w ( ! k+1 built ! mighty *ur*--h plac$ two pairs ( columns1 & 9 measure !y are less ?an ^? o!rs ne> !m1 b !y are z bright ) fre% gre5 bloom1 & !y came f ! same qu>ry4 8,yet _! bases are n plac$ 9 a r[1 "o aft] ! o!r1 b !y /& on ! pavem5t two fac+ two opposite2 & above _! capitals on f\rfold ar*es 7seireai7 rises ! und]side ( ! wom5's gall]ies4 ,& close by ^! columns on ! nor? side is a door1 admitt+ ! p to ! f\nts t purify ! /a9s ( mortal life1 & heal e deadly sc>4 8,?us on f\r columns ( beautiful ,!ssalian /one1 9 ord]1 plac$ "h & !re1 t[>ds ! twilight & to ! dawn1 along ! l5g? ( ! aisle 7ai?\sa7 !re curves a weight ( b5d+ vaults 7kul9droi7 ext5d+ to ! walls1 :i* are pi]c$ ) op5+s2 on ! nor!rn side !y lean on ! spaces t jo9 ! tw9 w9d[s1#gb b on ! s\?1 in/ead ( w9d[s are empty spaces l a colonnade4 ,nor? ,aisle1 ,ea/ & ,we/ ,divisions4--8,& aga9 t[>ds ! ea/ & we/ /& two columns f ,!ssaly1 ) l(ty cre/s1 & tw9 pi]s 7/emones7 f fam\s ,proconnesus1 fix$ close by ! doors4 ,t[>ds ! ea/ !re is b "o door1 ?\gh on ! side ( ! cold nor? !y walk ?r\gh twa94 ,s\? ,aisle4--8,on ! s\? y w see a long aisle z on ! nor?1 yet made bigg]4 ,= a "p is sep>at$ (f f ! nave by a wall1 & "h ! emp]or takes 8 accu/om$ seat on ! solemn fe/ivals1 & li/5s to ! read+ ( ! sacr$ books4 ,gynaecea4--8,& :oev] m\nts w f9d on bo? sides ( ! *ur* ! aisles = wom5 simil> to ^? bel[1 & !re is yet ano!r1 ?\gh n l ^? on ei!r side1 above ! n>!x4 ,atrium4--8,n[ on ! we/]n side ( ?is div9e *ur* y w see a great op5 c\rt 7aule7 surr\nd$ by f\r cloi/]s4 ,"o ( ^! jo9s on to ! n>!x1 b ! o!rs spread r\nd ! sides1 :]e /& _! sev]al pa?s4 ,9 ! v c5tre ( ! wide g>? /&s a spaci\s phiale1 cleft f ! ,iassian peaks2 & f x bubbl+ wat] gu%es =? & ?r[s a /ream into ! air1 leap+ up f ! pressure ( ! braz5 pipe--a /ream t purges away all suff]+1 :5 ! p1 9 ! mon? ( ! gold5 ve/m5ts#gc at ! my/ic fea/ ( ,*ri/1 draw ! unsulli$ wat]s 9 vessels by night4 ,& ! wat] %[s ! p[] ( ,god2 = nev] w y f9d decay on its surface1 ev5 if x rema9s 9 its vessel1 & away f ! f\nta9 = m ?an a ye>4#gd 8,ev]y:]e ! walls glitt] ) wondr\s designs1 ! /one = :i* came f ! qu>ries ( seagirt ,proconnesus4 ,! m>bles are cut & jo9$ l pa9t$ patt]ns1 & 9 /ones =m$ into squ>es or eight-sid$ figures ! ve9s meet to =m devices2 & ! /ones %[ also ! =ms ( liv+ creatures4 8,& on ei!r side along ! flanks & outskirts 7antuges7 ( ! beautiful *ur*1 y w\ld see op5 c\rts 7aulai74 ,^! 7 all plann$ ab\t ! build+ ) cunn+ skill1 t x might be ba!d all r\nd by ! bright light ( day4 ,! ,m>bles4--8,yet :o1 ev5 9 ! measures ( ,hom]1 %all s+ ! m>ble pa/ures ga!r$ on ! l(ty walls & spread+ pavem5t ( ! mighty *ur*8 ,^! ! iron ) its metal too? has gnaw$--! fre% gre5 f ,c>y/us1 & _m-col\r$ m>ble f ! ,phrygian range1 9 :i* a rosy blu% m+les ) :ite1 or x %9es bright ) fl[]s ( deep r$ & silv]4 ,!re is a weal? ( porphyry too1 p[d]$ ) bright />s1 t has once lad5 ! riv] boat on ! broad ,nile4 ,y w\ld see an em]ald gre5 f ,sp>ta1 & ! glitt]+ m>ble ) wavy ve9s1 :i* ! tool has work$ 9 ! deep bosom ( ! ,iassian hills1 %[+ slant+ /reaks blood-r$ & livid :ite4 ,f ! ,lydian creek came ! bright /one m+l$ ) /reaks ( r$4 ,/one too !re is t ! ,lybian sun1 w>m+ ) 8 gold5 light1 has nurtur$ 9 ! deep-bosom$ clefts ( ! hills ( ! ,moors1 ( crocus col\r glitt]+ l gold2 & ! product ( ! ,celtic crags1 a weal? ( cry/als1 l milk p\r$ "h & !re on a fle% ( glitt]+ black4 ,!re is ! preci\s onyx1 z if gold 7 %9+ ?r\gh x3 & ! m>ble t ! l& ( ,atrax yields1 n f "s upl& gl51 b f ! level pla9s2 9 p>ts fre% gre5 z ! sea or em]ald /one1 or aga9 l blue cornfl[]s 9 grass1 ) "h & !re a drift ( fall5 sn[1--a sweet m+l$ contra/ on ! d>k %9+ surface4 ,sectile & c>v$ ,sp&rils4--8,be=e ,i come to ! glitt] ( ! mosaic1#ge ,i mu/ describe h[ ! mason 7laotoros71 weav+ toge!r ) skill ?9 slabs ( m>ble1 has figur$ on ! flat surface ( ! walls int]tw9+ curves lad5 ) pl5te\s fruit1 & baskets1 & fl[]s1 & birds sitt+ on ! twigs4 ,& ! curv$ patt]n ( a tw9+ v9e ) %oots l gold5 r+lets1 weaves a w9d+ *a9 ( clu/]s2 little by little does x put =? %oots1 until x ov]%ad[s all ! /one ne> ) ripples l beaute\s tresses4 ,su* ornam5t z ?is surr\nds ! *ur*4 ,! ,capitals4--8,& ! l(ty cre/ ( e column1 b5ea? ! m>ble abacus 7peze71 is cov]$ ) _m a supple curve ( wav+ acan?us--a w&]+ *a9 ( b>b$ po9ts all gold51 full ( grace4 ,?us ! m>ble 9 bulg+ =ms cr[ns ! deep r$ columns1 z wool ! di/aff2 ! /one glitt]+ ) a beauty t *>ms ! he>t4 ,! ,floor4--8,& gladly h ! hills ( ,proconnesus b5t _! backs to necessity1 & /rew$ ! floor ) m>ble4 ,9 p>ts too %imm]s ! poli% ( ! ,bosporus /one1 ) :ite /reaks on black4 ,! ,mosaic4--8,n[ ! vault+ is =m$ ( _m a little squ>e 7psephos7 ( gold cem5t$ toge!r4 ,& ! gold5 /ream ( glitt]+ rays p\rs d[n & /rikes ! eyes ( m51 s t !y c sc>cely be> to look4 ,"o might say t "o gaz$ ^u ! midday sun 9 spr+1 :at "t he gilds ea* m\nta9 height4 ,icono/asis4--8,our emp]or has levi$ f ! :ole e>?1 & br\ght toge!r ! weal? ( ! b>b>ians ( ! we/2 = z he did n deem /one a fitt+ adornm5t = ! div9e1 et]nal temple1 on :i* ,new ,rome has c5tr$ ! expectancy ( joy2 he has n sp>$ enri*m5ts ( silv]1 & s ! ridge ( ,pangaeus#gf & ! height ( ,sunium#gg h op5$ all _! silv] ve9s1 & _m treasure-h\ses ( our subject k+s h yield$ _! /ores4 8,= z mu* ( ! great *ur* by ! ea/]n ar* z 0 set ap>t = ! bloodless sacrifices1 no ivory1 no /one1 nor bronze di/+ui%es1 b x is all f5c$ ) ! silv] metal4 ,n only ^u ! walls1 :i* sep>ate ! holy prie/s f ! cr[d ( s+]s1#gh has he plac$ m]e plates ( silv]1 b he has cov]$ all ! columns !mselves ) ! silv] metal1 ev5 six sets ( twa92 & ! rays ( light glitt] f> & wide4 ,^u !m ! tool has =m$ dazzl+ circles1 beautifully wr\ght 9 skill$ symmetry by ! craftsman's h&1 9 ! c5tre ( :i* is c>v$ ! symbol ( ! ,immaculate ,god1 :o took ^u ,himself ! =m ( man4 ,9 p>ts /& up an army ( w+$ angels 9 pairs1 ) b5t necks & d[nca/ mi5 7= !y c\ld n gaze ^u ! glory ( ! ,godhead1 ?\gh hidd5 9 ! =m ( man to cle> man's fle% f s974 ,& else:]e ! tool has fa%ion$ ! h]alds ( ! way ( ,god1 ev5 ^? by ^: words 7 nois$ abroad1 be=e ,he took fle% ^u ,him1 ! div9e tid+s ( ! ,ano9t$ ,"o4 ,nor _h ! craftsman =gott5 ! =ms ( ^? o!rs1 ^: *ildhood 0 ) ! fi%+-basket & ! net2 b :o left ! mean lab\rs ( life & unholy c>es to be> witness at ! bidd+ ( a heav5ly k+1 fi%+ ev5 = m51 & =sak+ ! skill ( ca/+ nets to weave ! beaute\s se9e ( et]nal life4 ,9 o!r p>ts art has limn$ 7kategraphe7 ! ,"m ( ,*ri/1 ! vessel ( et]nal ,light1 ^: womb br\ght ,him =? 9 holy travail4 8,b on ! middle panels ( ! sacr$ scre51 :i* =ms ! b>ri] = ! prie/s1 ! c>v]'s art has cut "o lett] t means _m words1 = x comb9es ! "n ( our k+ & que54 ,& he has also wr\ght a =m l a %ield ) a boss1 %[+ ! cross 9 ! middle p>ts4 ,& ?r\gh ! triple doors ! scre5 op5s to ! prie/s4 ,= on ea* side ! skilful h& ( ! workman has made small doors4 ,! ,ciborium4--8,& above ! all-holy table ( gold rises 9 ! air a t[] 7purgos7 indescribable1 re>$ on f\rfold ar*es ( silv]4 ,& x is borne al(t on silv] columns1 on ^: tops e ar* re/s its silv] feet4 ,& above ! ar*es rises a figure l a cone1 yet x is n complete4 ,= at ! bottom its edge 7antux7 does n turn r\nd 9 ! circul> =m1 b has an eight-sid$ base1 & f a broad plan x gradually dim9i%es to a %>p po9t1 hav+ eight sides ( silv]4 ,& at ! juncture ( ea* to o!r is1 z x 71 a long backbone 7ra*is7 :i* seems to jo9 ) ! triangul> faces ( ! eight-sid$ =m1 & rises to a s+le cre/1 :]e is artfully wr\ght ! =m ( a cup4 ,& ! edges ( ! cup b5d ov] & assume ! =m ( leaves1 & 9 ! mid/ ( x has be5 plac$ a %9+ silv] globe1 & ! cross surm\nts x all4 ,may x be an om5 ( peace6 ,b above ! ar*es _m a curve ( acan?us tw9es r\nd ! l[] "p ( ! cone1 & ! plant %[s %>p projections :i* rise up f ! gr\ndwork l ! fruit ( a fragrant pe>1 glitt]+ ) light4 8,n[ :]e ! fitt$ edges jo9 ! flat base are fix$ & set b[ls ( silv]4 ,& 9 ea* cup /&s z x 7 a c&le1 ?\gh x is a glitt]+ symbol n made ( wax1 & beauty fla%es f !m & n light4 ,= !y are made r\nd ( silv]1 brightly poli%$4 ,?us ! c&le fla%es a silv] ray n ! light ( fire4 ,! ,alt>4--8,& on columns ( gold is rais$ ! all gold slab#gi ( ! holy table1 /&+ on gold f\ndations1 & bright ) ! glitt] ( diff]5t /ones4 8,:i!r am ,i c>ri$8 :i!r t5ds my unbridl$ spee*8 ,let my voice be sil5t1 & n lay b>e :at is n meet = ! eyes ( ! p to see4 ,alt> ,curta9s4--8,b1 ye prie/s1 z ! sacr$ laws comm& y1 spread out ! curta9 dipp$ 9 ! r$ dye ( ! ,sidonian %ell & cov] ! sacr$ table4 ,unfold ! veils 7kaluptrai7 hang+ on ! f\r sides ( silv]1 & %[ to ! c\ntless cr[d a multitude ( beautiful designs 9 gold ( skilful h&iwork4 ,on "o side is cunn+ly wr\ght ! =m ( ,*ri/4 ,& ?is 0 n work$ by skilful h&s ply+ ! ne$le on ! /uff1 b by ! web1 ! produce ( ! worm#hj f di/ant l&s1 *ang+ its col\r$ ?reads ( _m %ades4 ,a g>m5t %imm]+ ) gold1 l ! rays ( rosy-f+]$ dawn1 fla%es d[n to ! div9e knees1 & a *iton1 deep r$ f ! ,tyrian %ell dye1 cov]s ! "r %\ld] b5ea? its well-wov5 web4 ,! veil+ upp] robe has slipp$ away1 & pull$ up across ! side x only cov]s ! left %\ld]1 :ile ! =e>m & ! h& are b>e4 ,he seems to po9t ! f+]s ( ! "r h&1 z if prea*+ ! words ( ,life1 & 9 ! left h& ,he holds ! book ( ! div9e message1--! book t tells :at ! ,messiah accompli%$ :5 8 foot 0 on ! e>?4 ,& ! :ole robe %9es ) gold2 = on x a ?9 gold ?read is l$ ?r\gh ! web1 z if a fair *a9 0 laid on ! clo? 9 a groove or *annel & b\nd ) silk5 ?read by %>p ne$les4 ,& on ei!r side /& ! two mess5g]s ( ,god--,paul1 full ( div9e wisdom1 & also ! mighty doorkeep] ( ! ,gates ( ,heav51 b9d+ ) bo? heav5ly & e>?ly *a9s4 ,"o holds ! book pregnant ) sacr$ words1 & ! o!r ! =m ( a cross on a /aff ( gold4 ,& bo? ! cunn+ web has clo!d 9 robes ( silv] :ite1 & ov] _! sacr$ heads rises upw>d a temple ( gold1 ) triple apses fix$ on f\r columns ( gold4 8,n[ on ! extreme bord]s ( ! curta9 %ot ) gold1 unspeakable art has figur$ ! works ( m]cy ( our city's k+s2 "h "o sees hospitals = ! sick1 !re sacr$ fanes1 :ile on ei!r side are display$ ! miracles ( ,*ri/2 su* is ! grace & beauty ( ! "w4 8,b on ! o!r curta9s y see ! k+s ( ! e>? on "o side ) _! h&s jo9$ to ^? ( ! ,virg91 on ! o!r side ) ^? ( ,*ri/1 & all is cunn+ly wr\ght by ! ?reads ( ! wo( ) ! %e5 ( a gold5 w>p4 ,?us is ev]y?+ adorn$ ) spl5d\r4 ,?us may y see all t fills ! eyes ) wond]4 ,! ,light+4--8,no words c describe ! light at night-"t2 "o might say 9 tru? t "s midnight sun illum9$ ! glories ( ! temple4 ,= ! wise =e?\ght ( our k+ has _h /ret*$ f ! project+ rim 7antux7 ( /one1 on ^: back is firmly plant$ ! temple's air-borne dome1 long twi/$ *a9s 7seirai7 ( beat5 brass1 l9k$ 9 alt]nat+ curves ) _m w9d+s4 ,& ^! *a9s1 b5d+ d[n f e "p 9 a long c\rse1 come toge!r z !y fall t[>ds ! gr\nd4 ,b be=e !y rea* ! pavem5t1 _! pa? f above is *eck$1 & !y f9i% 9 unison on a circle4 8,& b5ea? ea* *a9 he has caus$ to be fitt$ silv] discs1 hang+ circle-wise 9 ! air1 r\nd ! space 9 ! c5tre ( ! *ur*4 ,?us ^! discs1 p5d5t f _! l(ty c\rses1 =m a coronet above ! heads ( m54 ,!y h be5 pi]c$ too by ! weapon ( ! skilful workman1 9 ord] t !y may receive %afts#ha ( fire-wr\ght glass1 & hold light on high = m5 at night4 8,& n f discs alone does ! light %9e at night1 b 9 ! circles close by a disc y w\ld see ! symbol ( ! mighty cross1 pi]c$ ) _m holes1 & 9 its pi]c$ back %9es a vessel ( light4 ,?us hangs ! circl+ *orus ( bright lights4 ,v]ily y might say t y gaz$ on ! bright con/ellation ( ! ,heav5ly ,cr[n by ! ,great ,be>1 & ! neighb\r+ ,dragon4 8,?us ?r\gh ! temple w&]s ! ev5+ light1 brightly %9+4 ,9 ! middle ( a l>g] circle y w\ld f9d a cr[n ) lightbe>+ rim2 & above 9 ! c5tre ano!r noble disc spread its light 9 ! air1 s t night is compell$ to flee4 8,ne> ! aisles too1 alongside ! columns1 !y h hung 9 ord] s+le lamps 7lampt]7 ap>t "o f ano!r2 & ?r\gh ! :ole l5g? ( ! f>-/ret*+ nave is _! pa?4 ,b5ea? ea* !y h plac$ a silv] vessel1 l a balance pan1 & 9 ! c5tre ( ?is re/s a cup ( well-burn+ oil4 8,!re is n h[ev] "o equal level = all ! lamps1 = y may see "s high1 "s l[1 9 comely curves ( light2 & f twi/$ *a9s !y sweetly fla% 9 _! a]ial c\rses1 ev5 z %9es tw9-po9t$ ,hyas fix$ 9 ! =ehead ( ,taurus4 8,"o might also see %ips ( silv]1 be>+ a fla%+ freight ( flame1 & ply+ _! l(ty c\rses 9 ! liquid air in/ead ( ! sea1 fe>+ no gale f s\?-we/1 nor f ,botes1 s9k+ late to re/4 ,& above ! wide floor y w\ld see %apely beams 7) lamps71 runn+ betwe5 two-horn$ supports ( iron1 by ^: light ! ord]s ( prie/s1 b\nd by ! rubrics1 p]=m _! duties4 8,"s !re are along ! floor1 :]e ! columns h _! bases1 & above aga9 o!rs pass1 by f>-rea*+ c\rses1 along ! cr[n+ "w ( ! walls4 ,nei!r is ! base ( ! deep-bosom$ dome left )\t light1 = along ! project+ /one ( ! curv$ cornice ! skilful workman susp5ds s+le lamps to bronze /akes4 ,z :5 "s h&maid b9ds r\nd ! neck ( a royal virg9 a graceful *a9 %9+ ) ! glitt] ( fi]y gold2 ev5 s has our emp]or fix$ r\nd all ! cornice lights 9 circle-wise1 companions ev]y:]e to ^? bel[4 8,!re is also on ! silv] columns ( ! ,icono/asis1 above _! capitals1 a n>r[ way ( access = ! lamp-light]1 glitt]+ ) bright clu/]s2 ^! "o might comp>e to ! m\nta9-n\ri%$ p9e1 or cypress ) fre% bran*es4 ,f a po9t ev]-wid5+ circles spread d[n until ! la/ is rea*$1 ev5 t :i* curves r\nd ! base2 in/ead ( a root1 b[ls ( silv] are plac$ b5ea? ! trees1 ) _! flam+ fl[]s4 ,& 9 ! c5tre ( ?is beaute\s wood1 ! =m ( ! div9e cross1 pi]c$ ) ! pr9ts ( ! nails1 %9es ) light = mortal eyes4 8,a ?\s& o!rs )9 ! temple %[ _! gleam+ light1 hang+ al(t by *a9s ( _m w9d+s4 ,"s are plac$ 9 ! aisles1 o!rs 9 ! c5tre or to ea/ & ,we/1 or on ! cr[n+ walls1 %$d+ ! brightness ( flame4 ,?us ! night seems to fl\t ! light ( day1 & be itself z rosy z ! dawn4 ,& :oev] gazes on ! light$ trees1 ) _! cr[n ( circles1 feels 8 he>t w>m$ ) joy2 & look+ on a boat#hb swa!d ) fire1 or "s s+le lamp1 or ! symbol ( ! ,div9e ,*ri/1 all c>e vani%es f ! m9d4 ,s ) wayf>]s ?r\gh a cl\dless night1 z !y see ! />s ris+ f po9t to po9t2 "o wat*es sweet ,hesp]us1 ano!r's att5tion is fix$ on ,taurus1 & a ?ird contemplates ,botes1 or ,orion & ! cold ,*>les' ,wa92 ! :ole heav51 scatt]$ ) glitt]+ />s1 op5s be=e !m1 :ile ! night seems to smile on _! way4 8,?us ?r\gh ! spaces ( ! great *ur* come rays ( light1 expell+ cl\ds ( c>e1 & fill+ ! m9d ) joy4 ,! sacr$ light *e]s all3 ev5 ! sailor guid+ 8 b>k on ! waves1 leav+ beh9d him ! unfri5dly bill[s ( ! rag+ ,pontus1 & w9d+ a s9u\s c\rse amid/ creeks & rocks1 ) he>t fe>ful at ! dang]s ( 8 nightly w&]+s--p]*ance he has left ! gean & guides 8 %ip aga9/ adv]se curr5ts 9 ! ,hellespont1 await+ ) taut =e/ay ! onslaught ( a /orm f ,africa--does n guide 8 lad5 vessel by ! light ( ,cynosure1 or ! circl+ ,be>1 b by ! div9e light ( ! *ur* itself4 ,yet n only does x guide ! m]*ant at night1 l ! rays f ! ,ph>os on ! coa/ ( ,africa1 b x also %[s ! way to ! liv+ ,god40 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,! ,,ambo ,! ?ird "p ( ! description ( ! ,sil5ti>y is devot$ to ! ambo1 ! *ief feature 9 ,ju/9ian's re9/atem5t ( ! int]ior4 ,x /ood f> out f ! bema1 on ! c5tral axis ( ! *ur*4 ,g]manus1 ,patri>* ( ,con/ant9ople f #gae-gdj ,a4,d41 & ,simeon ( ,!ssalonica bo? speak ( ?is z ! "r position = ambones2 8! mo/ holy bema %\ld be t[>ds ! ea/1 ) ! ambo 9 front ( x1 if !re is room40#hc ,! two flights ( /eps1 by :i* ! ambo--! "n ( :i* is d]iv$ f ! ,greek = asc5d+--0 rea*$1 7 on ! ea/ & we/ sides4 ,9 ! ambo ! ,gospel 0 read1 & "h 0 recit$ a pray]#hd at ! conclusion ( ! liturgy1 :i* seems to h be5 a comp5dium ( ^? previ\sly utt]$ 9 ! sanctu>y2 ! prie/ left ! bema1 asc5d$ ! ambo on ! ea/ side1 & pray$ ) 8 face t[>ds ! we/4 ,important (fices 9 coronations 7 also p]=m$ "h4 ,paulus' description ( ! ambo op5s ) a preface ( ?irty iambic l9es 9 praise ( ! emp]or1 :o has add$ ! 8"o ?+ ne$ful to our all-glori\s *ur*40 ,! importance ( ?is "w is made an excuse = int]rupt+ ! 8usual pursuits ( 8 he>]s ev5 = a ?ird "t40 ,tw5ty hexamet] l9es are devot$ to an invocation to ! apo/les & sa9ts1 & !n foll[s ! description ( ! ambo4 8,n[ 9 ! c5tral space ( ! wide temple1 yet t5d+ r t[>ds ! ea/1 rises a t[] 7purgos71 fair to look ^u1 set ap>t = ! read+ ( ! sacr$ books4 ,upright x /&s on /eps1 rea*$ by two flights1 "o ( :i* /ret*es t[>ds ! we/1 b ! o!r t[>ds ! dawn4 ,s are !y opposite to "o ano!r1 & bo? lead to a space =m$ l a circle4 ,n[ "o /one curves r\nd to =m ?is circul> space1 ?\gh x is n altoge!r equal to a complete curve 7tornos71 b x agrees ) x except :]e ! edge ( ! /one is l5g!n$2 = t[>ds ea/ & we/ a flight ( /eps is drawn out l a neck1 project+ f ! circl$ /one4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #g4--,plan ( ! ,ambo bo? above & bel[4 8,& up to ! height ( a man's girdle our godlike k+ has =m$1 ) ! help ( silv]1 beaute\s walls curv+ l cresc5ts4 ,he has n b5t silv] "r r\nd ! /one1 b a silv] plaque 7plax7 is spread out 9 ! c5tre1 to adorn ! circl+ wall4 ,?us has ! skilful workman spread out two sure cresc5ts & op5$ on ei!r side a flight ( /eps4 8,nor does fe> seize ^? desc5d+ ! sacr$ /eps1 because ! sides are unf5c$2 = h$ge walls ( glitt]+ m>ble h be5 re>$ !re2 & !y are high above ! /eps = ! h& ( a man to hold z he m\nts1 grasp+ !m to ease 8 way2 s on ea* side !y gr[ upw>ds 9 a ris+ l9e1 & /op at l5g? ) ! /eps :i* are betwe5 !m4 ,?us good use is made ( ! /one2 = !y h qu>ri$ savage hill1 & /eep promontory1 to h a f>-/ret*+ safegu>d to ! long flight4 ,& ! :ole is cunn+ly wr\ght ) skilful workman%ip1 & glitt]s ) ev]-*ang+ brightness4 ,9 p>ts x seems t :irlpools eddy ov] ! surface1 int]tw9+ circles w9d+ "u ! w&]+ curves ( o!r circles4 ,9 p>ts is se5 a rosy bloom1 m+l$ ) wan pal5ess1 or fair gleams ( light1 z f bright spe>heads2 9 o!r places %9es a s(t] glory1 l ! radiance ( boxwood1 or ! delightsome bees-wax1 :i* mortal m5 (ttimes lay on ! unsulli$ cliffs1 & turn ov] b5ea? ! rays ( ! sun1 :ile x *anges to a silv] :ite2 yet n completely alt]+ its sub/ance1 x /ill %[s ve9s ( gold4 ,ev5 s ! deep-/a9$ ivory ( _m a ye>'s gr[? exp&s its gleam+ fle% on ! curv$ brea/4 ,at times x seems to h a pale gre5 hue4 ,yet ! craftsman has n left x pallid & unadorn$1 = he has fix$ x 9 fair & cunn+ly wr\ght designs on ! /one4 ,?us ov] all 9 _m a curve its beauty is display$4 ,9 p>ts ! broad surface is t+$ ) ! *oice/ t9t ( ! pale crocus1 or appe>s almo/ )\t col\r1 l light creep+ r\nd ! po9t$ horns ( ! new-born moon4 8,n[ ne> a rocky hill /&s ! sacr$ city--,hi]apolis--:i* gives its "n to a well-kn[n m>ble2 & ( ?is is made all ! fair floor ( ! place :]e !y read ! div9e wisdom ( ! holy books2 & x is fitt$ by ! craftsm5's skill on eight cunn+ly wr\ght columns4 ,two ( ^! are t[>ds ! nor?1 two t[>ds ! s\!rn w9d1 two t[>ds ! ea/1 & two t[>ds ! home ( ev5+4 ,?us is ! floor rais$ up4 ,& b5ea? !re is z x 7 ano!r space1 :]e ! prie/s cont9ue _! sacr$ song4 ,! /one is a cov]+ to ^? bel[1 b above x is l a spread+ pla91 unt\*$ by ! feet ( mortals4 ,& ! und]side ! mason 7laotomos7 has cut out & holl[$1 s t1 by ! craftsm5's skill1 x rises f ! capitals1 curv+ ov] l ! holl[ %ell-back ( ! tortoise1 or "s oxhide %ield held up ov] ! helmet1 :5 ! w>rior leaps 9 ! mazes ( ! ,pyrrhic dance4 8,n[ ! rugg$ surface 7metopon7 ( ! /one !y h girdl$ ev]y:]e ) ! silv] metal2 & !re ! skill$ workman1 cutt+1 ) ! po9t ( 8 iron1 tw9+ foliage & lovely fl[]s1 has inlaid ! beaute\s leaves ( ivy1 ) its clu/]s & budd+ %oots4 8,b ) all its /eps & floor & ! columns z well1 ! artific]s h =m$ = x a fix$ f\ndation1 & rais$ a base 7krepis71 ! height ( a man's foot1 above ! floor ( ! *ur*2 & 9 ord] t !y might wid5 ! f\ndation ( ! space !y h plac$ on ei!r side1 r\nd ! belly 7ga/]7 9 ! middle1 half-circles 9 /one1 & !y h surr\nd$ ! space ) sep>ate columns arrang$ 9 semicircles4 ,?us ! :ole belly is wid5$ by means ( f\r ri* columns on ei!r side1 to nor?1 & to s\?2 & ! cave space 7speos71 l a h\se1 is surr\nd$ on all sides by a f5ce ( circl+ /one4 8,"s ( ! fair columns t ! masons h set up are f ! ,phrygian l&1 t[>ds ! ,mygdonian heights1 hewn ) /rong axes3 & look+ on ^! fl[]s ( /one1 "o w\ld say t :ite lilies m+l$ ) rose cups1 or ! s(t petals ( ! %ortliv$ anemone4 ,"h is abundance ( r$ & a m]e t+e ( :ite1 !re ?9 s9ews mix ) ! ve9s :i* dye ! columns deep r$1 z ) drops f ! ,laconian %ell4 8,fir/ !n at ! bottom !y h plac$ ! fairly wr\ght pl9? 7krepis7 support+ all1 made beautiful ) twi/+ curves2 & above x !y h set /one bases1 firmly fix$1 cut f ! ri* qu>ries ( ! ,bosporus4 ,q :ite1 !y glitt]1 & 9 bran*+ ve9s a deep blue l9e w&]s 9 ! %9+ fle%4 ,& ! bases on ! eight sides ! mason has adorn$ ) m\ld$ bronze r+s fix$ circle-wise r\nd ea* base1 z r\nd a neck4 ,& ?r\gh ! space ( ! :ole *ur* %9es ! glory ( ea* column fix$ on its poli%$ base1 l a :ite cl\d wr\ght into patt]ns by ! ruddy rays ( ! ris+ sun4 8,?us are rang$ 9 half-circles ! company ( f\r1 & ?is half ) ! o!r f\r !y h connect$ by a fair *iton ( /one1 ev5 r\nd ! well-=m$ holl[ 7antron72 = ! ?ree spaces betwe5 ! f\r columns h be5 clos$ by ! skilful mason ) f5ce/ones ( m>ble f ,hi]apolis1 firmly fix$ on ! pl9? 7krepis74 ,& x is meet t ?is cr[n ( /one on ! fair floor ( ! sacr$ fane %\ld be call$ ( #8! ,holy ,city' 7,hi]apolis74 ,9 ! b\nd>y is plac$ a door1 slightly curv$1 ?r\gh :i* ent]s ! prie/1 to ! floor ( ! holl[ cav]n 7antron74 8,n[ y mu/ "k t ! curve 7spelunx71 ) columns1 & pl9? 7krepis71 & f5ce wall1 is alike on ei!r side1 t[>ds ,g>amas on ! s\? & t[>ds ,arimaspus to ! nor?4 ,b ! doors ! workm5 h n fix$ 9 l places1 b "o is we/w>ds & ! o!r ea/w>ds--! we/]n "o incl9es t[>ds ! nor?1 b ! s\!rn gate is t[>ds ! ea/4 ,moreov] ! f5ce-walls d n /& ! same height z ! columns1 b !y rise above ! beaute\s pavem5t1 z mu* z to hide a man 9 ! holl[ space 7antron74 ,b ! eight columns ) fair c>v$ capitals come out above ! f5ce wall1 & /& r\nd x on ! base ) equal spaces betwe5 !m1 ev5 on ! /one pl9?4 ,! capitals %9e ) gold1 l high peaks :i* ! gold5-ray$ sun /rikes ) its arr[s4 8,& all ! capitals on high are cr[n$ above 9 circl$ ord] by an embrac+ rim ( beams 7d\ratea antux71 :i* b9ds ! columns toge!r 9 "o curve1 ?\gh at ! same "t ea* column is sep>ate f its fell[4 ,& fix$ ^u ! rim y might see trees1 ) clu/]s z ( fire1--! glitt] ( silv] b\ghs %9+ af>4 ,nor does ea* sapl+ w&] at w1 b x is re/ra9$ 9 a cone-l =m ( _m edges1 f a wide circle ev] less5+ to a po9t at ! top4 ,n[ ! fair girdle 7zo/]7 t =ms ! rim is all cr[n$ ) gold5 ivy-leaves1 & col\r$ ) ! sapphire du/4 ,b t[>ds ! home ( ,zephyr1 & also t[>ds ! fi]y-w+$ ,eurus1 !re are fix$ ^u ! rim 7antux7 two crosses ( silv]1 ) a curv$ spike 7hlos7 above ea*1 b5d+ l a %eph]d's crook1 fla%+ a ?\s& lights to ! eyes4 8,9 ?is mann] is ! %9+ ambo made2 ?us h !y call$ x #8! place asc5d$' 7ambatos71 by holy pa?s1 & "h ! p direct _! eyes1 z !y gaze on ! div9e gospel4 8,& x is to good purpose t !y h plac$ ! cut /ones 9 /eps1 on ^: :ite surface "o might descry ?9 ve9s ( deep r$ l ! dye ( ! sea-%ell4 ,= ! unpoli%$ /ones ! mason has hewn into a long flight 7ra*is7 ( /eps1 a /rong support = ! feet ( m51 le/ any "o slipp+ f above & fall+ %\ld desc5d all un/eady to ! floor2 ?us 9 ord] & 9 cont9u\s l9e "o /one1 z x rises above ano!r1 rec$es f x1 ev5 z mu* z a man asc5d+ plants "o /ep 9 turn 9 front ( ano!r4 8,& z an isl& rises amid/ ! swell+ bill[s1 bright ) patt]ns ( cornfields1 & v9ey>ds1 & blossom+ mead[s1 & wood$ heights1 :ile sailors1 z !y /e] by x1 are gladd5$1 & ! tr\bles & anxieties ( ! sea are beguil$2 s 9 ! middle space ( ! b\ndless temple rises upright ! t[]-l ambo ( /one1 ) its m>ble pa/ures l mead[s1 cunn+ly wr\ght ) ! beauty ( ! craftsman's art4 ,yet ?\gh x /&s 9 ! middle1 x is n q cut (f1 l an isl& girdl$ by ! sea1 b is r l "s wave-wa%$ l&1 ext5d$ by a n>r[ i/hmus ?r\gh ! gray bill[s into ! middle ( ! sea1 & 7 x n = ?is b9d+ *a91 x w\ld be cut (f & se5 z a true isl&2 b ?\gh x projects into ! ocean1 x is /ill jo9$ to ! ma9l& coa/ by ! i/hmus1 z by a cable4 8,su* is ! ambo2 = a long pa? />ts f ! la/ /ep ( its ea/]n flight1 & /ret*es out until x comes to ! space by ! tw9 silv] doors1 ev5 /rik+ ) its l5g?y pl9? ! f5ce wall ( ! sacr$ rites2 & ! pa? is w>d$ on bo? sides by walls4 ,n[ = ^! f5ce walls !y h n plac$ l(ty slabs1 b !y are z high up z ! navel ( a man /&+ by !m2 & "h ! prie/1 z he holds ! gold5 gospel1 passes along1 & ! surg+ cr[d /rive to t\* ! sacr$ book ) _! lips & h&s1 :ile mov+ waves ( p break ar\nd4 8,?us is ?is pa? prolong$ l an i/hmus1 wave-wa%$ on ei!r side1 & x leads ! prie/ z he desc5ds f ! di/ant ambo ) its l(ty cliffs1 to ! %r9e ( ! holy table4 ,& ! :ole pa? on bo? sides is f5c$ ) ! fre% gre5 /one ( ,!ssaly2 & ! abundant ri* mead[s ( ! /ones br+ ! delight ( beauty to ! eyes4 ,n[ at bo? ends ( ea* slab f ,!ssaly /& po/s ( equal height1 n l a cyl9d] 9 =m3 "o skill$ 9 figures w\ld say t ! po/s 7 n equal-sid$1 b h ! %ape ( a l5g!n$ cube4 ,& ! masons 7laotoroi7 h made ! jo9ts ( ! ,molossian slabs1 by w$g+ "o /one into ano!r2 x is f ! ,phrygian l& t ! /one-cutt] 7laotupos7 has _h ^! po/s qu>ri$4 ,& re/+ ! w&]+ glance !re "o might see snake-l coils tw9+ ov] ! fair m>ble1 w9d+ 9 beaute\s pa?s2 !re :ite & fi]y r$ are set alongside ( "o ano!r & a fle% col\r betwe5 bo?1 ! l9es b5d+ 9 alt]nat+ coils1 z !y roll r\nd 9 _! c\rses4 ,fir/ on "o side1 !n on ano!r1 are se5 ! =ms ( ! moon & />s4 8,& on ! upp]mo/ rim ( ! f5ce wall !y h fitt$ ano!r long /ret*+ /one1 qu>ri$ f ! same =el& crag1 s t ! ,!ssalian slab is fix$ bel[ on ! firm f\ndations ( ! pl9?1 & is b\nd above by ano!r b& ( m>ble2 & ! edges ( ! ,!ssalian slabs are jo9$ toge!r z 9 a *a9 by ! squ>e columns1 :i* are set upright & firm on ! f\ndation4 8,& z :5 "o w9ds ! gold twi/$ ?read 9 & out ov] ! _m-col\r$ surface ( a ,tyrian robe1 & adds a fitt+ patt]n r\nd ! bottom edges1 or 9 ! fair c5tre ( ! robe1 or ab\t ! sleeve-holes = ! arms :ile ! fre% gre5 web ( ! cloak %9es l a mead[ 9 spr+1--! glory ( ! gold5 w>p add+ beauty to beauty1 & deck+ x z if ) fl[]s2 ev5 s ! cunn+ workman has ca/ on ! fre% gre5 /ones ( ! sacr$ rock ! glitt] ( gold5 rays1 giv+ a bright] beauty to !m4 8,b at ! ea/]n end ( ! passage1 by ! holy f5ce walls ( ! alt>1 !y h cut (f ! i/hmus1 s z to =m a spe$i] pa? = ^? :o pass f side to side4 8,su* works z ^! has our emp]or1 be/[+ spl5did gifts1 built = ,god ! ,k+4 ,= to ! great b\nties ( 8 peaceful reign he has add$ ?is mu*-prais$ temple1 s t ) div9e =esight he might prep>e a gift = ! ,creator ( ! _w1 ,*ri/1 ,k+ ( ,all4 ,be ?\1 ,o glory ( ! et]nal ,tr9ity1 ?rice fav\rable to ?is city ( ,rome1 to our citiz5s1 our emp]or1 & our mu*-lov$ temple40 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 foll[+ ?is description we see t x beg9s on ! rais$ floor ( ! ambo :i* 0 r\nd$ on two sides1 ! o!rs be+ op5 to ! /eps at ! ea/ & we/4 ,! brea/ wall on ea* side 0 l>gely cov]$ ) appli$ silv] wr\ght into patt]ns2 & ! re/1 toge!r ) ! p>apet slabs to ! /eps1 7 inlaid 9 ivory1 probably c>v$ l ! contempor>y bi%op's ?rone at ,rav5na4 ,! body ( ! ambo inlaid ?us ) ivory & silv] 0 upheld on eight columns1 ! und]side ( ! floor /one be+ holl[$ into a flat dome l ! flut$ s(fite ( ! /ill old] ambo at ,s4 ,apoll9>e at ,rav5na4 ,on ei!r side1 ar\nd ! ambo1 0 a semicircle ( l>ge columns ( rosy-ve9$ ,synnada m>ble on :ite bases ) bronze annulets & gilt capitals2 betwe5 ! columns brea/-high slabs ( ,hi]apolis m>ble inclos$ a space4 ,! circle ( columns /ood on a rais$ /ep1 & above !y 7 b\nd toge!r by a c>v$ beam1 ! patt]n be+ gilt ) ! int]spaces pa9t$ 9 ultram>9e4 ,on ?is to ea/ & we/ /ood silv] crosses2 _! upp] limbs 8b5t l %eph]ds' crooks0 d\btless =m$ ! monogram4 ,silv] c&elabra1 cones ( dim9i%+ circles1 /ood r\nd ab\t on ! top ( ! beam4 ,f ! ea/]n /eps a passage way ran back to ! /ep ( ! icono/asis1 inclos$ on bo? sides by m>ble slabs groov$ into po/s1 be>+ a top rail4 ,?is closure ( ,v]de antique slabs 0 inlaid 9 :ite & r$ patt]ns & gold mosaic4 ,9 ?is description two sep>ate p>ts appe>1 ! ambo prop] rea*$ by ! n>r[ inclos$ way & asc5d$ by /eps2 & ! space ent]$ by two doors scre5$ (f ab\t x by ! circle ( l>ge columns & closure slabs1 8:]e ! prie/s cont9ue _! sacr$ song40 ,s 9 ,con/ant9e ,porphyrog5itus' ,book ( ! ,c]emonies#he we read ( ! 8psaltae0 plac$ 9 ! ambo s++1 8,*ri/ is ris540 ,we "k little ( ! lat] hi/ory ( ! ambo4 ,! ,anonym\s ,au?or1 :o probably wrote n e>li] ?an ! twelf? c5tury1 comp>+ ! my?ical spl5d\r ( an e>li] ambo de/roy$ by a fall ( ! dome to ano!r :i* he attributes to ,ju/9ian's nephew1 ,ju/91 says !y made ! latt] ( m>ble1 ) columns cov]$ ) silv]1 & ) silv] scre5s go+ r\nd ! solea4 ,x _h no dome4 ,imm$iately aft] he comp>es ! pavem5t :i* he says 0 de/roy$ at ! same "t ) "o t n[ is4 ,s t we may assume t he wrote ( an ambo !n exi/+1 & t !re=e 9 ?is in/ance he may be tru/$4#hf ,! "w attribut$ to ,ju/9 by ! ,anonym\s is really ! re/oration "u ,ju/9ian2 he seems to h confus$ ! nephew ( ! ar*itect :o 0 !n employ$ ) ! nephew ( ! emp]or4 ,rohault ,de ,fleury1#hg :o accepts ?is /ory1 sugge/s t a canopi$ ambo :i* appe>s 9 ! ,m5ologium ( ,basil 7#igf-ajbe7 figures "o 9 ,s4 ,sophia :i* may h replac$ ! =m] ambo aft] ! fall ( ! dome 9 #ige4 ,rob]t de ,cl>i 7#abjj7 m]ely says1 8,! place f :i* !y read ! ,gospel is s ri* & noble1 t we d n "k h[ to describe ! mak+ ( x40#hh ,! ambo ( t "t 0 de/roy$ by ! ,crusad]s 7#abjc74hi ,clavijo1 ! ,spani% ambassador1 :o saw ,s4 ,sophia two hundr$ ye>s lat]1 has left ?is description ( ! cov]$ ambo !n exi/+4 8,on ! floor 9 ! c5tre ( ! area is a pulpit plac$ on f\r columns ( jasp]2 & ! sides ( x are ov]laid ) panels ( jasp] ( _m col\rs1 & ?is pulpit is surm\nt$ by a cov]1 :i* /&s on eight v l>ge jasp] columns2 & "h !y prea* & read ! ,gospel on fea/ days40 99 99 99 99 99 ,coronations4--,we %all n[ quote two descriptions ( ! c]emonies associat$ ) ! ambo at coronations4 ,^! are ( ! age ( ! ,palaeologi1 & ! fir/ is especially int]e/+ z describ+ ! ,megale ,eisodos & ! ,celebration4 8,& ab\t ! second h\r ( ! same day ! pr9ce :o is to be ano9t$ is set ^u a %ield2#ij ! reign+ emp]or1 :o may be 8 fa!r1 & ! patri>* take hold ( ! front "p ( ! %ield1 :i* is also held by ! (ficials ( rank & ! nobility4 ,!y !n raise x1 & %[ ! new emp]or to ! assembl$ populace4 ,aft] he has be5 greet$ ) acclamation1 !y att5d him into ! *ur*1 :]e ! re/ ( ! c]emony mu/ be complet$4 ,n[ a little edifice ( wood has previ\sly be5 prep>$ = ?is v purpose1 into :i* !y lead ! new emp]or1 & put on him ! purple & ! diadem1 :i* h be5 ble/ by ! bi%ops4 ,& r\nd 8 head x is cu/om>y to put only a *aplet4 ,aft] ?is ! s]vice ( ! ,mass 7mu/agogia7 proce$s4 ,& ne> ! erection j m5tion$ a set ( movable /eps1 also ( wood1 are prep>$1 & ^! !y cov] ) purple silk4 ,& ^u x are plac$ gold5 ?rones1 accord+ to ! numb] ( ! pr9ces1 n l o!r ?rones1 b rais$ on f\r or five /eps2 "h ! pr9ces take _! seats4 ,! pr9cesses also asc5d ) !m1 & sit on ! ?rones1 we>+ _! cr[ns1 b %e t is ab\t to be cr[n$ we>s a *aplet4 ,n[ be=e ! hymn ,trisagion is sung1 ! patri>* comes out ( ! bema & asc5ds ! ambo1 & ) him are ! rul]s ( ! *ur*1 all we>+ _! sacr$ robes4 ,he !n dismisses !m1 & summons ! pr9ces1 & !y imm$iately arise f _! ?rones & come to ! ambo1 :ile pr(\nd sil5ce is kept by ! :ole congregation4 ,!n ! patri>* goes ?r\gh ! pray]s appo9t$ = ! ano9t+1 "s sil5tly by himself1 o!rs out l\d1 pray+ = ! bless+ ( ,god on him :o is ab\t to be ano9t$4 ,aft] ?is ! new emp]or removes f 8 head :atev] he is we>+1 & !n x is "r = all1 z _m z are pres5t1 to /& ) b>$ heads4 ,!n ! patri>* ) ! holy oil ano9ts ! head ( ! emp]or ) ! =m ( ! cross1 say+ ) a l\d voice #8,holy'2 & z soon z !y he> x ^? /&+ on ! ambo pron\nce x ?ree times1 & aft] !m all ! p4 ,aft] ?is ! cr[n is br\ght by deacons f ! bema :]e !y keep x 7n[ x is n above ! ,holy ,table z "s say71 & tak5 to ! ambo4 ,if any previ\sly cr[n$ emp]or be !re1 he & ! patri>* take ! cr[n toge!r1 & place x on ! head ( ! pr9ce1 ! patri>* say+ #8,holy' 9 a l\d voice4 ,^? 9 ! ambo repeat x ?ree times1 & ! p1 z aft] ! ano9t+4 ,!n ! patri>* repeats "s m pray]s1 & ! pr9ce desc5ds f ! ambo1 n on ! side by :i* he asc5d$1 b on ! side :i* is turn$ t[>ds ! solea4 ,if he is unm>ri$ he !n asc5ds ! /eps & reseats himself ^u 8 ?rone1 b if he has a wife !n %e also mu/ be cr[n$4 ,%e is !n l$1 z %e rises f ! ?rone1 by two k9swom5 "o on ei!r side1 or if %e has no relatives1 eunu*s lead h] d[n f ! /eps1 & /& ) h] be=e ! solea4 ,!n ! emp]or desc5ds f ! ambo1 & takes ! cr[n held ready by ! k9swom5 or eunu*s1 & places x ^u ! head ( 8 wife1 & %e kneels be=e h] husb&1 swe>+ fealty to him4 ,& ! patri>*1 /&+ by ! solea1 (f]s up a pray] = ! emp]or & empress1 & all _! p4 ,?us ! emp]or cr[ns 8 own wife4 ,& !n bo? asc5d ! /eps1 & sit ^u _! ?rones1 & ! re/ ( ! my/]ies are proce$$ )4 ,b at ! s++ ( ! ,trisagion1 or at ! read+ f ! apo/olic writ+s1 or ! ,gospels1 !y /& up4 8,& on bo? sides ( ! nave1 on wood5 /eps made = ?is purpose1 are ^? call$ protopsaltae1 & dome/ici1 & o!rs ( ecclesia/ical rank :o "k h[ to s+1 & :o are call$ because ( ?is kraktai2#ia all ^! s+ an!ms especially made = ! occasion4 ,b :5 ! "p ( ! my/]ies :i* is call$ ,! ,great ,entrance#ib is beg9n+1 ! *ief ( ! deacons comes & summons ! emp]or1 & he comes ) !m into ! pro!sis1 :]e are set out ! ,holy ,elem5ts1 &1 /&+ outside ! pro!sis1 a gold5 mantle is put ^u him ov] ! diadem & ! purple2 & 9 ! "r h& he holds ! cross1 :i* he usually c>ries :5 he we>s 8 cr[n1 b 9 ! left he c>ries ! rod1 :i* he :o is call$ deputatus usually c>ries4 ,) ^! 9 bo? h&s ! emp]or leads ! sacr$ entrance1 & on bo? sides ( him m>* ! ,v>angi ) _! axes1 & ! sons ( ! nobility arm$ & un>m$1 ab\t a hundr$ 9 all1 foll[2 & imm$iately beh9d him come ! deacons 9 ord]1 & ! prie/s1 c>ry+ ! vessels = ! s]vice--& o!r mo/ holy ?+s4 ,& aft] go+ r\nd ! nave1 z is _! wont1 :5 !y come into ! solea1 all ! o!rs /& outside1 b ! emp]or alone ent]s ! solea & f9ds ! patri>* /&+ at ! sacr$ scre51 & aft] b[+ to "o ano!r ! patri>* goes inside1 b ! emp]or rema9s )\t1 & !n ! deacon :o foll[$ imm$iately aft] ! emp]or1 hold+ 9 8 "r h& a c5s]1 & 9 8 left :at is call$ ! maphorion ( ! patri>*1 approa*es & c5ses ! emp]or4 ,! emp]or b[s 8 head1 :ile ! deacon ) a l\d voice calls out1 #8,may ! ,"l be m9dful ( ! p[] ( ?y k+dom 9 ,8 univ]sal k+dom1 n[ & always & = ev] & ev]1 ,am54' ,& 9 ord] ! re/ ( ! deacons & ! prie/s approa* & say ! same4 ,& :5 ?is is f9i%$ ! emp]or b[s to ! patri>*1 takes (f ! m&ya1 :i* is tak5 away by ! ref5d>ius4 ,! emp]or aga9 asc5ds ! tribune & sits d[n on ! ?rone1 b he /&s dur+ ! cre$1 ! ,"l's ,pray]1 & ! elevation ( our ,"l's body4 ,& aft] ! elevation1 if he is n prep>$ = ! ,communion he rema9s seat$ till ! end ( ! s]vice4 ,b if he is prep>$1 ! deacons aga9 come & summon him4 ,& ) !m he ent]s into ! bema &1 hav+ be5 giv5 a c5s]1 he c5ses ! ,holy ,table1 look+ fir/ ( all to ! ea/1 !n nor?1 we/1 & s\?1 & hav+ aga9 c5s$ t[>ds ! ea/1 he c5ses ! patri>* also4 ,! patri>* b[s to him & takes ! c5s]1 & c5ses ! emp]or 9 return4 ,aft] ?is ! emp]or removes ! cr[n1 & gives x into ! h&s ( ! deacons4 ,!n ! patri>* puts into 8 h& a portion ( our ,"l's body1 & aft] t he dr9ks ( ! life-giv+ blood1 n f a spoon l ! re/ ( ! p1 b f ! cup itself l ! prie/s4 ,!n ! emp]or replaces ! cr[n1 & comes out ( ! bema1 & aft] ! congregation has %>$ 9 ! ,communion1 & he has be5 bless$ by ! patri>*1 & ! prie/s1 & has kiss$ _! "r h&s1 !y lead him to ! "p call$ cate*um5a to receive ! acclamations ( ! p4 ,:5 ?is is f9i%$1 he comes d[n aga91 & he & ! empress m\nt on horseback1 & ride back to ! palace to p>take ( a banquet40#ic ,cod9us ,curopalata#id has also a description1 almo/ 9 ! same words1 b ) "s additions4 ,! future emp]or is 8l$ to ! tricl9ium call$ ,?omaites1 :i* looks on to ! ,augu/eum1 :]e are /&+ ! populace ) ! army4 ,b be=e ! emp]or %[s himself1 :at are call$ epicombia are ?r[n to ! p by "o ( ! s5ators1 :om ! emp]or has select$4 ,^! epicombia are made z foll[s4 ,!y cut pieces ( clo?1 & 9 ea* piece !y b9d up ?ree gold & z _m silv] numismata & ?ree obols1 & !n ?r[ !m to ! p1 & !y scatt] z _m ?\s&s ( ^! z ! emp]or %all arrange4 ,n[ x is cu/om>y to ?r[ ^! epicombia 9 ! proaulion ( ! great *ur*1 t is 9 ! "p call$ ,augu/eum2--he :o scatt]s !m /&+ above ! /eps ( ! ,augu/eum40 ,inside ! *ur* a wood5 tribunal _h be5 prep>$ 9 ! gynaeceum1 & at ! end ( ! c]emony 8! "y emp]or ) 8 wife ! empress1 & ! emp]or1 8 fa!r1 & 8 "m1 asc5d4 ,b ! gold5 velo?yra hide ! tribunal1 s t !y %all n be se54 ,!n ! psaltae s+ #8,lift up1' & imm$iately ! velo?yra are rais$1 & ! pr9ces 9 ! gynaeceum are greet$ ) acclamations by ! p40 ,,*apt] ,v ,,! ,,ritual ,,arrangem5ts ,,& ,,int]ior ,,p>ts ,,( ,,! ,,*ur* ,ma9 ,divisions4--,du ,cange1 9 ! comm5t>y to 8 edition ( ! ,sil5ti>y's ,poem1 0 ! fir/ to make a s]i\s attempt to elucidate ! int]ior arrangem5ts ( ,s4 ,sophia4 ,?is appe>$ ) ! poem 9 ! folio ( #afgj1ie b a revis$ edition 0 incorporat$ 9 8 ,hi/oria ,byzant9a1 #afhj4if ,9 ! fir/ 8 k ( ! actual /ate ( ! *ur* seems to h be5 limit$ to ! description ( ,gyllius unassi/$ by any plan4 ,draw+s ( ,s4 ,sophia 7 desid]ata at t "t1 & ,grelot tells u h[ he 0 induc$ to attempt to make !m by a k t o!rs :o _h be5 commission$ by ! ,k+ ( ,france _h fail$4 ,be=e ! publication ( 8 revis$ edition ( #afhj ,du ,cange _h obta9$ a plan4 ,?is appe>$ 9 ! same ye> z ,grelot's "w1 & div]g5ces seem to %[ t ! plans 71 9 great measure at lea/1 indep5d5t ( "o ano!r4 ,! ma9 text ( 8 comm5t>y h[ev] rema9$ ! same1 & ! alt]ations1 al?\gh crucial1 7 mo/ly made by ! omission ( a few l9es "h & !re )\t any att5tion be+ specially call$ to ! fact4 ,?is has be5 ! cause ( mu* confusion1 z x has un=tunately happ5$ t ! fir/ edition has be5 reproduc$ )\t rem>k 9 ! s]ies ( ,byzant9e texts publi%$ at ,bonn & 9 ,migne's ,patrologiae ,cursus ,completus4 ,9 ?is ,du ,cange plac$ ! icono/asis 8"u ! great ea/]n ar* :i* supports ! dome10 & ?us includ$ ! :ole ea/]n hemicycle 9 ! bema4 ,he devot$ ! :ole c5tral squ>e "u ! dome to ! 8prie/s & s+]s10 sep>at+ x f ! we/]n hemicycle by 8m>ble columns10 :i* 7 obta9$ by a curi\s misread+ ( ,gyllius' description ( ! v]de antique columns 9 ! we/]n op5+ on ! fir/ floor4 ,9 ! c5tre betwe5 ^! 8m>ble columns0 he plac$ ! 8,beautiful0 or 8,royal ,gate10 & ! we/]n hemicycle outside ?is 0 alone allott$ to ! p4 ,9 ! correct$ edition ( #afhj ! bema is conf9$ to ! ea/]n ext5sion1 ! ea/]n hemicycle became ! solea1 & ! c5tral area & we/]n hemicycle are giv5 to ! p4 ,!re is actually v little div]sity ( op9ion 9 reg>d to ! ma9 divisions ( ! *ur* betwe5 ,du ,cange1 ,neale1#ig & ,salz5b]g1 b ,rohault de ,fleury has be5 misl$ into mak+ an engrav+ ( ! icono/asis1 /ret*+ across ! :ole hundr$ feet ( ! hemicycle4 ,bema4--,a *ur*1 z ,simeon ( ,!ssalonica writes1 is prop]ly 8divid$ into ?ree p>ts1 ! pronaos1 ! naos1 & ! bema40 ,! bema 7see ,plan1 ,fig4 #e7 is ! rais$ "p )9 ! scre5 or icono/asis includ$ by ! apse4 ,?is 0 ! place set ap>t = ! prie/s1 :o are h5ce sometimes call$ 8!y ( ! bema40#ih ,decrees 7 pass$ f "t to "t to enhance its sacr$ "*2 z t no memb] ( ! laity %\ld pass beyond ! scre51 except ) ! cons5t ( a bi%op4 ,ev5 ! emp]or 0 only all[$ !re dur+ a few portions ( ! liturgy4 ,! bema ( ,s4 ,sophia 0 indiff]5tly call$ ! adyta1 hi]ateion1 ?usia/]ion4 ,! hi/ory ( ,mi*ael ,attaliotas also speaks ( x z ! 8second sk5e1 t is1 ! ,holy ( ,holies40#ii ,! apse prop] is by ,paulus m5tion$ ap>t f ! space conta9$ by ! /raight walls1 & x is possible t ?is is ! kuklios 7cyclius7 ( ,porphyrog5itus4 ,f ! poet we ga!r t ! prie/s' /alls aga9/ ! wall 7 plat$ ) silv]4 ,! upp] "p ( ! curv$ wall is incru/$ ) preci\s m>ble ( sombre gold5 tones1 b5ea? :i* ! surface has be5 di/urb$ & is n[ cov]$ by pla9 gray slabs4 ,:5 we recall ! imm5se quantity ( silv] t ,procopius says 0 us$ 9 ! sanctu>y1 & rememb] t ! icono/asis & ! alt>-ciborium 7 ( silv] & ! ,holy ,table ( gold1 x seems likely t ! plat+ ( ! silv] /alls cov]$ ! :ole ( ?is n>r[ /rip1 :i* w\ld n be m ?an six or eight feet above ! top seat1 ! level ( :i* we suppose is m>k$ by ! projection ( ! l[] "p ( ! wall4 ,9 ! small oratory ( ! ,savi\r built by ,basil 9 ! palace 8! :ole pavem5t 0 ( massive silv] wr\ght by ! hamm] & enri*$ by niello1 & ! walls to ! "r & left 7 cov]$ ) great plates ( silv] damasc5$ 9 gold & gli/5+ ) preci\s /ones & pe>ls40#ajj ,to ?is space we %\ld ref] ! f\r panels ) images 9 ! wall m5tion$ 9 ! ,novgorod ,*ronicle1#aja :i* we suppose 7 ( emboss$ silv] or enamel4 ,! mo/ ea/w>d po9t ( ! apse 0 occupi$ by ! patri>*'s ?rone4#ajb ,a bi%op's *air ) a canopy pres]v$ 9 ! ca!dral *ur* ( ,s4 ,george at ,con/ant9ople1 said to h belong$ to ,s4 ,sophia1 is 9 any case q late4 ,x is ( wood1 ornam5t$ ) inlaid "w repres5t+ ! two-head$ eagle1 :i* 0 n adopt$ e>li] ?an ! t5? c5tury4 ,9 ,fig4 #h we give an outl9e ( a m9iature 9 ! ,m5ologium 7,jan4 #af7 ( ! adoration ( ,s4 ,pet]'s *a9s1 :i* 7 kept 9 ! *apel ( ,s4 ,pet] atta*$ to ! great *ur*4 ,we h "h a bema fully repres5t$ ) ! alt>1 ciborium1 & apsidal /alls = ! cl]gy4 ,we c h>dly suppose t ^! latt] c\ld h belong$ to a small dep5d5t *apel1 & h5ce ! m9iature 9 ! symbolic way ( ^! old draw+s is probably int5d$ z a view ( ! great apse4 ,alt>4--,! c5tral object ( ! bema 0 ! alt>1 :i* /ood b5ea? ! cyl9drical vault1 on ! "u side ( :i* ! two great wat*+ angels are repres5t$ 9 ! mosaic4 ,paulus says1 8,on columns ( gold is rais$ ! all gold5 slab ( ! ,holy ,table2 x /&s too on a base ( gold1 & f x gleams ! brightness ( preci\s /ones40 ,! d\btful ,anonym\s says t x 0 8support$ on f\r columns1 ov]laid ) gold10 & aga9 t 8x 0 set up on solid columns ( gold1 /udd$ ) preci\s /ones20 & t b5ea? ! alt> 0 a 8sea0 7?alassa7 ornam5t$ ) gold & preci\s /ones4#ajc ,?is seems to ref] to ! 8base ( gold0 b5ea? ! columns4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #h4--,view ( ,bema f ! ,m5ologium4 ,accord+ to ,lab>te1 ! description by ! ,anonym\s 7see p4 #ach7 %[s t ! alt> itself 0 decorat$ ) ! bright div]sity ( enamel4 ,?is he seems to prove by passages 9 ,suidas#ajd & ,c$r5us4 ,! la/-nam$ writes3 8,x is =m$ ( gold1 ( silv]1 ( e k9d ( /one & metal & wood1 & ev]y?+ :i* e>?1 sea1 or ! :ole univ]se conta9s4 ,( all ^! he 7,ju/9ian7 collect$ ! mo/ valuable1 ) "s small am\nt ( common] ones4 ,he !n melt$ ^? t w\ld melt1 add$ ^? t 7 dry1 & p\r$ !m into a m\ld till x 0 fill$4 ,he wrote ^u x1 #8,we 7,ju/9ian & ,!odora7 ?y s]vants1 ,o ,*ri/1 br+ !e ( ?9e own1 pray+ t ?\ wilt graci\sly accept x1 ,o ,son & ,^w ( ,god made fle% & crucifi$ = u4 ,/r5g!n u 9 ! true fai?1 increase & gu>d ?is /ate1 :i* ?\ ha/ intru/$ to u1 ?r\gh ! m$iation ( ,m>y1 ! holy ,virg91 ! ,"m ( ,god4'0 ,h[ev] d\btful ^! late ,greek writ]s are z au?orities = ,ju/9ian's "t1 enamel 0 us$ 9 lat] days 9 ! mo/ extravagant mann]1 & we _c d\bt t at ! "t :5 ! ,crusad]s took ! *ur* ! alt> 0 ( enamel4#aje ,rob]t de ,cl>i1#ajf writ+ at ?is "t1 says1 8! *ief alt> ( ! *ur* 7,s4 ,sophia7 is s ri* t "o _c value x2 = ! slab :i* =ms ! alt> is ( gold & ( preci\s cut /ones 7esqu>teles7 & pe>ls 7molucs7 all ?r[n toge!r40 ,nicetas is ev5 cle>]2 describ+ ! capture ( ,con/ant9ople & ! sack ( ! *ur*1 he says3 8,! ,holy ,table1 made ( all k9ds ( preci\s mat]ials1 cem5t$ toge!r by fire1 & =m$ into a _m-col\r$ h>mony s z to be ! wond] ( all nations1 0 brok5 9 pieces & di/ribut$ by ! soldi]s40#ajg ,x is v probable t "s ( ! enamels add$ to ! ,pala d',oro at ,v5ice aft] ! sack ( ,con/ant9ople came f ! sanctu>y ( ,s4 ,sophia1 possibly f its alt>4 ,sylve/] ,sguropulus#ajh :o accompani$ ,john ,palaeologus to ,v5ice 9 #adch1 describes ! ,pala d',oro z 8an icon :i* is =m$ out ( _m1 & we he>d t "s ( ^! 7 tak5 f ! ,*ur* ( ,s4 ,sophia40 ,x may be only a co9cid5ce t "o ( ! panels ( ! ,pala conta9s ! figure ( ,solomon ) ! ,greek inscription1 8,wisdom ha? build$ h] h\se10 t be+ ! usual leg5d = ,solomon4 ,! alt> w\ld h be5 cov]$1 l ! alt>s %[n 9 ! mosaics at ,rav5na1 & ! illu/rations ( ! ,m5ologium1#aji by a clo? rea*+ on all sides to ! floor4 ,^! clo?s be> v simple devices--9 ! c5tre a pla9 cross1 circle1 or />1 & at ! f\r corn]s gammidae :i* 9 ! code ( symbolism probably express$ ! f\r corn]s ( t _w1 = :i* ! daily sacrifice 0 (f]$4 ,o!rs h[ev] 7 m ri*ly embroid]$4 ,9 ! ,lib] ,pontificalis ( ,agnellus#aaj x is said t ,maximian1 ! ,ar*bi%op ( ,rav5na 9 ,ju/9ian's "t1 ord]$ a mo/ preci\s alt>-clo? 7endo?is7 ( byssus1 on :i* 0 embroid]$ ! :ole hi/ory ( ! ,savi\r4 8,x is n possible to imag9e ! human figures1 or ! bea/s & birds :i* are made on x40 ,! figure ( ! ar*bi%op 0 repres5t$ ) ! inscription1 8,praise ! ,"l ) me1 = he ha? rais$ me f ! du/40 ,! ,cont9uator ( ,!ophanes also speaks ( an alt>-clo? on :i* 8! bir? ( ! ,"l 0 repres5t$40#aaa ,! g5]al ,greek "n = alt>-clo? 0 endute4 ,^? at ,s4 ,sophia are ?us spok5 ( by ! ,anonym\s1 & we read t ,mi*ael ,palaeologus s5t to ! ,pope 8an endute ( ! ,great ,*ur*1 ( rose r$1 ) gold & pe>ls work$ on x40#aab ,ciborium4--,! alt> /ood "u a canopy ( silv] call$ a kiborion1 z is fully describ$ by ,paulus4 ,accord+ to ! ,anonym\s x 0 patt]n$ ) niello or damasc5+ 7see p4 #ach74 ,su* ciboria are frequ5tly spok5 ( 9 ! ,lives ( ! ,popes4#aac ,?us ,gregory ,i4 made = ,s4 ,pet]'s a 8ciborium ) f\r columns ( pure silv]10 & ,leo ,,iii4 8made = ! basilica ( ,s4 ,paul a ciborium ) l>ge & beautiful columns ( ! pure/ silv]40 ,! ciborium ( ,s4 ,demetrius at ,salonica1 a fif?-c5tury "w describ$ 9 ! ,acta ,sanctorum1 0 also ( silv]4 ,x support$ at ! top 8a solid sph]e ( silv]1 ) wond]ful lily-leaves curv$ r\nd x1 & a cross above40#aad ,an illu/ration#aae 9 an eigh?-c5tury ,gospel pres]v$ at ,v5ice repres5ts a ciborium1 l t at ,s4 ,sophia4 ,we see f\r ar*es on f\r columns1 & f ! flat top above rises an octagonal cone4 ,at ! f\r corn]s /& b[ls1 & 9 ea* b[l is a c&le or a repres5tation ( "o1 z ! ,sil5ti>y describes4 ,pope ,leo ,,iii4 plac$ 8above ! alt> ( ,s4 ,pet] f\r l>ge cups ( ! pure/ silv]1 e "o hav+ 9 its c5tre a c&le ( silv]-gilt40#aaf ,! ciborium at ,s4 ,sophia describ$ by ,paulus may h la/$ till #abjc2 ,rob]t de ,cl>i1 writ+ at ?is "t1 says3 8,ar\nd ! alt> !re are columns ( silv]1 :i* c>ry a canopy 7abitacle7 ov] ! alt>1 made l a t[] 7cloki]71 :i* is all ( massive silv]1 & s ri* t "o _c e/imate its value40 ,cr[ns1 c4--,f ! fir/ a cr[n & dove ( gold w\ld h be5 susp5d$ f ! c5tre ( ! canopy2 su* doves are spok5 ( z be+ 9 use 9 ,con/ant9ople dur+ ! ,c\ncil ( #ecf4aag ,!ophanes says3 8,on ,ea/] ,day ,sophia1 ! wid[ ( ,ju/9 ,,ii41 & ,con/antia1 ! wife ( ,maurice1 gave ! ,emp]or ,maurice a cr[n ( exce$+ value4 ,:5 ! emp]or saw x1 he took x to ,s4 ,sophia1 & hung x above ! ,holy ,table by triple *a9s ( gold & preci\s /ones40#aah ,?is1 ,nicephorus ,calli/us says1 0 pres]v$ !re till ! tak+ ( ! city by ! ,lat9s4#aai ,accord+ to ,buzantios1 ! emp]or ,leo ,,iv4 & 8 wife ,ir5e also susp5d$ cr[ns "h4 ,nicetas speaks ( ! 8cr[n ( ! great ,con/ant9e1 :i* hung above ! ,holy ,table20 & aga9 ( "o 8,john1 surnam$ ,crassus1 :o ru%$ into ,s4 ,sophia & plac$ on 8 head a small cr[n1 "o ( ^? :i* hang r\nd ! ,holy ,table20#abj & x appe>s f ! acc\nt ( ! ,russian pilgrim ,an?ony1 giv5 9 ! next *apt]1 t j be=e ! ,crusade !re 7 ?irty cr[ns susp5d$ f ! ciborium--a beautiful symbolism4 ,! spl5did hang+ cr[ns at ,monza & 9 ! ,cluny ,museum %[ u t ^! votive cr[ns 7 broad circlets ( gold incru/$ ) l>ge uncut rubies & em]alds ) bord]s ( pe>ls1 & /r+s ( jewels1 & o!r p5dants hang+ f ! rim4 ,a small enamell$ cr[n = susp5sion above an alt> :i* is among/ ! ,con/ant9ople treasures at ,s4 ,m>k's is inscrib$ 772 ?is1 accord+ to ,lab>te1 mu/ be ,leo ,,vi41 :o di$ 9 #iaa4aba ,alt>-veils4--,r\nd ! f\r sides ( ! ciborium 7 susp5d$ ! curta9s describ$ 9 su* detail by ,paulus4 ,!y 7 all ! m wond]ful at ?is "t z be+ silk-wov5 & n embroid]$4#abb ,! gold ?read h[ev] seems to h be5 8laid0 on4 ,by ! lat] ,greeks ^? curta9s 7 nam$ tetrabela4 ,!y 7 (t5 ( deep r$ embroid]$ ) gold1 & 7 usually hung on rods go+ f capital to capital ( ! ciborium1 z "s ( ! illu/rations 9 ! ,m5ologium %[1 ?\gh o!rs seem to h be5 susp5d$ f ! curves ( ! ar*es4 ,! ,icono/asis4--,= a description ( ! scre5 9 front ( ! bema1 ) its columns1 beam1 panels1 & doors plat$ ) silv]1 we ref] to ! ,sil5ti>y4 ,a scre5 ( ?is k9d1 f ! sacr$ pa9t+s ) :i* x is adorn$1 is n[ call$ ! icono/asis1 b by ! ,byzant9e writ]s x is usually nam$ h]kos1 druphrakta1 k9klidai1 or kankelloi4 ,su* scre5s 7 g5]ally ( bronze or m>ble4 ,! ,*ur* ( ,s4 ,john ! ,evangeli/1 built by ,galla ,placidia at ,rav5na1 _h a scre5 ( silv]4 ,at ! ,*ur* ( ! ,apo/les at ,con/ant9ople1 built by ,con/ant9e1 ! icono/asis 0 gild$ bronze4 ,! scre5 ( ,s4 ,pet]'s 9 ,rome 0 =m$ by ! twelve beautiful antique columns :i* figure 9 ,raphael's tape/ry1 /&+ 9 two r[s4#abc ,eusebius connects twelve columns :i* /ood ab\t ! tomb 9 ! ,sepul*re *ur* ) ! numb] ( ! apo/les1 & x is possible1 z ,de ,fleury sugge/s1 t 9 ! six pairs ( pill>s =m+ ! icono/asis at ,s4 ,sophia a ref]5ce may be se5 to ! dismissal ( ! apo/les two by two4 ,f ! n>r[ness ( ! bema x seems c]ta9 t ! c\pl+ ( ! pill>s 0 transv]sely to ! scre5 z %[n on our plan1 ,fig4 #e4 ,?us !y easily support$ ! passage way1 :]e /ood a great gemm$ cross & a r[ ( bran*$ silv] c&elabra4 ,?is 0 ! 8n>r[ way = ! lamp-light] above ! silv] columns0 describ$ by ! ,sil5ti>y4 ,! decoration ( ! silv] plat+ ( ! brea/work & ! beam by figures ( apo/les1 prophets1 & angels1 & ) circles be>+ crosses & monograms1 may h be5 =m$ 9 rep\ss1 l a beautiful gilt panel ) a figure ( ! ,virg9 & ,greek inscription n[ at ,k5s+ton ,museum1 :i* =m$ a "p ( ! decoration ( ! scre5 at ,torcello1 b we ?9k x m probable t x 0 damasc5$ ) gold l ! silv] "w 9 ,basil's *apel4 ,! icono/asis probably rea*$ up to ! base ( ! porphyry /rip :i* =ms ! bord] ( ! m>ble plat+ ( ! bema2 if s x 0 ab\t tw5ty feet high2 x _h ?ree doors--8,! ,holy ,doors0--t 9 ! c5tre be+ ! l>ge/4 ,! 8gold & silv] columns 9 ! middle ( ! temple0 se5 by ,b5jam9 ( ,tudela1 #aagc1 mu/ ref] to ! icono/asis4 ,:5 ! ,crusad]s practically sack$ ! *ur*1 ! icono/asis1 ciborium1 & alt> 7 brok5 up & di/ribut$4 ,nicetas says1 8,! furniture ( surpass+ beauty1 ! silv]1 :i* w5t r\nd ! scre5 ( ! bema1 ! ambo1 ! doors1 & _m ornam5ts1 9 :i* gold 0 us$1 7 c>ri$ away40 ,! ,novgorod ,*ronicle#abd gives a full] acc\nt ( ! ev5tful morn+ :5 ! doors 7 brok5 ?r\gh & ,s4 ,sophia 0 invad$4 8,!y broke d[n ! podium ( ! prie/s1 ornam5t$ ) silv]1 ! twelve silv] columns1 ! f\r panels 9 ! wall1 decorat$ ) images1 & ! ,holy ,table4 ,!y also de/roy$ ! scre5 walls ( ! alt> plac$ betwe5 ! columns1 & twelve crosses :i* /ood above ! alt>2 among/ ^! 7 crosses ( metal1 l trees1 high] ?an a man4 ,all ^! ?+s 7 made ( silv]4 8,!y c>ri$ (f also ! wond]ful table1 ) ! gems & a great pe>l2 s great a crime did !y commit 9 ignorance4 ,moreov] !y snat*$ away =ty cups /&+ on ! alt>1 & silv] c&elabra1 ^: numb] 0 s great t x is n possible to enum]ate !m1 z well z ! silv] vessels :i* ! ,greeks use1 m especially on fea/ days4 8,!y /ole a ,gospel1 t 0 us$ = ! s]vices1 & sacr$ crosses & s+le images & ! cov]+ :i* 0 above ! alt>1 & =ty c5s]s made ( pure gold3 !y laid h&s on all gold & silv] & on priceless vessels 9 ! cupbo>ds1 walls1 & o!r places1 9 su* quantity t !y _c be numb]$40 ,grelot says t be=e ! ,turks alt]$ ! *ur* ! icono/asis _h figures ( ! ,virg9 & ,s4 ,john ,bapti/ betwe5 ! c5tral & side-doors & ! ,twelve ,apo/les ov]4#abe ,pro!sis & ,diakonikon4--,two *apels t 9 ,byzant9e *ur*es almo/ inv>iably occur "r & left ( ! bema ) :i* !y communicate directly are usually call$ ! pro!sis & diakonikon2 !y 7 sacri/ies1 us$ respectively = ! prep>ation ( ! mass & z a treasury or ve/ry4 ,du ,cange 9 bo? editions plac$ !m 9 ! two ex$ras ( ! ea/]n hemicycle1 & 9 ?is he is foll[$ by ,salz5b]g4 ,! impossibility ( ?is arrangem5t is %[n by ,neale1 :o sugge/s t two *amb]s on ei!r side ( ! bema :i* ,du ,cange ?\ght 7 only supplem5t>y 7 ! sacri/ies 9 "q4 ,! *apels at ! ea/ end ( ,s4 ,sophia h n[ be5 built up1 b ! doors t l$ into !m /ill exi/4 ,we are n h[ev] c]ta9 t ^! *apels 7 built ) ! *ur*4 ,paulus does n m5tion !m1 & !re d n appe> to h be5 *apels 9 ?is position at ,s4 ,s]gius4 ,9 reg>d to ! use ( ! pro!sis & diakonikon1 ,dr4 ,fre%field#abf consid]s t ! procession ) ! bread & w9e call$ ! ,megale ,eisodos1 describ$ 9 our la/ *apt]1 only became a "p ( ! ritual 9 ! reign ( ! successor ( ,ju/9ian1 to ^: "t ! ,*]ubic ,hymn sung dur+ ! c]emony is ref]r$4 ,! e>li] liturgies1 he says1 conta9 no directions = ?is c]emony1 b m]ely speak ( ! deacon z mov+ ! elem5ts f ! pro!sis table to ! alt>1 & he concludes t ! two side-*apels f\nd 9 s _m *ur*es belong to a "t subsequ5t to ,ju/9 ,,ii4 ,two n>r[ passages h[ev]1 "r & left ( ! bema1 at ,s4 ,sophia1 ,s4 ,s]gius1 ,s4 ,ir5e1 & ,s4 ,vitale seem to %[ t !y 7 int5d$ = access to lat]al portions us$ 9 connection ) ! bema1 ev5 if ^! p>ts 7 m]ely scre5$ f ! aisles1 & a comp>ison ( _m e>ly *ur*es 9 ,syria & ,asia ,m9or proves t su* *apels 7 9 frequ5t use if n ess5tial long be=e ,ju/9ian built 8 *ur*4#abg ,see our figures #ca & #cb1 & comp>e ,cattaneo1 page #fj4 ,! pro!sis & diakonikon ( ,s4 ,sophia are v infrequ5tly m5tion$ by ^? names4 ,9 ! catalogue ( ! ,con/ant9opolitan patri>*s we read ( 8relics be+ kept 9 ! diaconicum40#abh ,! diakonikon is also nam$ :]e ,cod9us speaks ( ! emp]or z 8he>+ ! pray]s ( ,s4 ,basil ne> ! diakonikon10 & ! pro!sis is m5tion$ 9 ! passage on p4 #fc4 ,c]ta9 divisions ( ! *ur* at ! ea/ end are h[ev] frequ5tly m5tion$ by ,porphyrog5itus1 ! ,anonym\s1 & ! ,russian pilgrims4 ,?us we h ! skeuophylakium 7treasury ( vessels7 & o!r *apels ref]r$ to4 ,! skeuophylakium ( ! ,anonym\s seems to be ! same z ! 8less] sanctu>y0 ( ,an?ony1 by :i* /ood ! cross :i* gave ! exact height ( ,*ri/4 ,?is less] sanctu>y1 or skeuophylakium1 is probably ! diakonikon--8! oratory 9 front ( ! metatorion0--:]e ! relics ( ! ,passion 7 kept4#abi ,aga9 we read3 8,!n by ! "r-h& side ( ! bema1 !y ent] ! oratory :]e /&s ! silv] crucifix 444 aft] wor%ipp+ !y asc5d by ! co*lea spiral /air1 we suppose at s\?-ea/ angle :]e m9>et n[ is :i* is by ! "p call$ ! ,holy ,well1 to ! ea/]n "p ( ! "r-h& cate*um5a40 ,aga91 8,!n by ! "r-h& side ( ! bema1 !y ent] ! oratory :]e /&s ! silv] crucifix40#acj ,! ,holy ,well & ,metatorion4--,! ,holy ,well1 s frequ5tly m5tion$ 9 ! ,c]emonies1 seems to h be5 n m]ely an object b a division ( ! *ur*4 ,lab>te makes x a *amb] ext]nal to ! *ur* on ! s\? side1 b ! ,anonym\s %[s t x 0 to ! ea/1 by speak+ ( 8t "p ( ! temple 9 :i* 0 ! ,holy ,well1 ! bema1 & ! ambo40 ,! au?or ( an acc\nt ( 8! miracle 9 ! ,holy ,well ( ! ,great ,*ur*0 speaks ( a picture ( ,*ri/ z be+ by ! ea/]n gate1 8:]e is ! holy m\? ( ! well ( ,sam>ia40#aca ,! ,russian pilgrims g5]ally speak ( ! ,sam>itan well1 f :i* fl[$ wat] f ! ,jordan1 z 89 ! sanctu>y30 ! ,anonym\s ,russian says 89 ! *apel to ! "r40 ,at ?is "t x 0 probably 9 "o ( ! ea/]n *apels1 :i*1 may h be5 id5tical ) ! pro!sis or diakonikon4 ,"s passages ( ! ,c]emonies seem to imply t 9 ! t5? c5tury ! ,holy ,well 0 )\t ! build+2 ?us we he> ( ! 8embolos portico ( ! ,holy ,well30 & aga91 8f ! ,holy ,well1 !y ent] by ! door lead+ to ! *ur*20#acb possibly x 0 mov$ lat]1 b probably "o ( ! ea/]n atta*$ *apels w fulfil ! conditions4 ,9 our ,fig4 #e we h foll[$ ,du ,cange's gr\nd-plan 9 ! di/ribution ( ^! ea/]n *apels4 ,x is possible t ! r\nd nor?-ea/ build+ 0 us$ z a great sacri/y z ,salz5b]g sugge/s2 ,grelot calls x s on 8 plan1 & ,t4 ,smi? says ?is 0 a tradition4 ,! ,anonym\s def9itely di/+ui%es ! ,skeuophylakium1 ! ,holy ,well1 & ! ,*apel ( ,s4 ,pet]4 ,! ,metatorion1 frequ5tly spok5 ( toge!r ) ! ,holy ,well1 ,lab>te & ,paspates place on ! s\? side1 ext]nal to ! *ur*4 ,we ?9k x 0 probably ! "n ( portions ( ! side-aisles scre5$ (f by curta9s4 ,?is w\ld agree ) ,ung]1#acc :o ?9ks t ! ^w means a 8qu>t] ( ! *ur*0 7metatio71 & t ,du ,cange 0 mi/ak5 9 d]iv+ x f mutatorium4 ,9 ! ,c]emonies1--8,! pr9ces g out ( ! "r side ( ! bema & ent] ! metatorion40 ,aga91 ! patri>* /&s )9 ! icono/asis 8on ! "r-h& side ( ! bema1 t[>ds ! metatorion40 ,f ! metatorion a small door l$ to ! ,holy ,well4 ,aga91 8!y leave ! bema by ! "r-h& side ?r\gh ! small holy door 79 icono/asis7 & proce$ to ! porphyry columns 7( ex$ra71 & by ! /aircase ( ! metatorion !y ent] ! cate*um5a40#acd ,aga91 8! emp]or takes (f 8 cr[n 9 ! metatorion )9 ! ,beautiful ,gate10 & 8)9 ! veil1 hang+ 9 ! metatorion at ! back ( ! n>!x door40 ,metatoria 9 ! cate*um5a ( ,s4 ,sophia & ( ,s4 ,s]gius are also ref]r$ to4#ace ,solea4--,! lat] writ]s (t5 m5tion ! solea ( ,s4 ,sophia4 ,?us ,cantacuz5us speaks ( ! emp]or pass+ ?r\gh ! solea up to ! 8,holy ,doors40#acf ,x 0 imm$iately outside ! icono/asis1 & mu/ h closely agre$ ) ! *oir ( ! s+]s 9 a ,we/]n *ur*4 ,paulus does n use ! ^w1 b he describes ! s+]s z occupy+ ! space 9 front ( ! ,holy ,doors1 & embrac$ by ! ex$ras4 ,! ambo1 ) its long passage ( approa* f ! /ep ( ! ,holy ,doors1 divid$ ?is space 9 two1 s x is cle> t ! s+]s /ood on ei!r side ( ! ambo4 ,! portion r\nd ab\t ! ambo scre5$ by ! circle ( columns 0 res]v$ = ! lead]s ( ! *oir1 ! ,protopsaltae4#acg ,we _c inf] f ! ,sil5ti>y t !re 0 any o!r scre5 to ! ,solea1 & no /alls = ! s+]s are m5tion$4 ,x is possible t 9 ! t5? c5tury1 :5 ! ,book ( ! ,c]emonies 0 writt51 ! ambo _h be5 modifi$ at lea/ 9 reg>d to ! approa* f ! bema1 & t a consid]able space 0 int]pos$ betwe5 x & ! ,holy ,doors1 9 front ( :i* !re 0 at ?is "t a porphyry omphalion /one 7see our page #if74 ,paspates#ach says ?is is /ill q intact1 some:at oval 9 %ape1 sev5 feet across1 & adorn$ ) a mosaic ( m>bles4 ,x seems probable f ! ,anonym\s t 9 ^! lat] days ! solea 0 inclos$ by a scre5 :i* he says 0 ( silv]4#aci ,paulus describes a "p on ! s\? side z be+ inclos$ = ! emp]or1 & 9 ,porphyrog5itus we read t ! emp]or _h 8 seat 8ne> ! ,holy ,doors on ! "r-h& side40 ,x is probable t opposite ! emp]or's ?rone !re 0 ano!r bi%op's *air1 = t 9 ! bema might only be occupi$ by ! bi%op 9 8 own diocese4 ,grelot inde$ reports t ! emp]or's & bi%op's ?rones 7 opposite "o ano!r4 ,nave4--,we n[ come to ! c5tral division ( ! *ur*1 ! naos or nave1 ! squ>e space b5ea? ! dome conta9$ betwe5 ! f\r ma9 pi]s3 its c5tre 0 call$ omphalos1 mesomphalos1 or mesonaos4 ,! pavem5t1 accord+ to ! poet ,paul1 0 cov]$ ) :ite ,proconnesian m>ble & d>k] ,bosporus /one4 ,9 ! op5+ l9es ( ! description be=e giv5 he seems to comp>e ! ve9$ m>ble to fl[+ /reams1 or foam-fleck$ sea1 & ! ambo is lik5$ to an isl& ris+ f ! sea4 ,accord+ to ,glycas & ,cod9us ! fir/ pavem5t 0 ( v>i\s hues l ! ocean4 ,! ,anonym\s1 9 comp>+ a pavem5t :i* he says 0 laid d[n aft]w>ds ) ?is suppos$ e>li] "o1 says t 8mess5g]s 7 s5t to ,proconnesus1 & m>ble ( a gre5 col\r 0 work$ !re1 z is se5 n[ l riv]s fl[+ into ! sea40 ,cod9us says1 8f\r riv]s ( leek-gre5 m>ble 7 l ! f\r /reams :i* fl[ f ,p>adise to ! sea40 ,z is se5 n[ c]ta9ly seems to br+ some?+ def9ite be=e our eyes1 & s f> z ! pavem5t c be se5 ?r\gh ! n>r[ *9ks ( ! matt+ !re is mu* to confirm ?is "p ( ! ,anonym\s4 ,grelot tells u t ! pavem5t is laid 9 comp>tm5ts4 ,x is ( :iti% gray ,proconnesian m>ble1 laid 9 slabs ab\t #d #aj feet1 ) "h & !re /rips ( v]de antique ab\t #b feet wide1 :i* sugge/ ! qu>t]+ ( ! floor by a great cross4 ,moreov] ! squ>e ( ri* ,alex&r9e "w /ill exi/+1 & figur$ by ,salz5b]g1 lies on a diagonal1 & w\ld ?us exactly occupy "o ( f\r squ>e spaces left 9 ! angles 7see ,fig4 #e74 ,n[ 9 ! palace ! floor ( ! b$*amb] ( ,basil _h f\r riv]s or /reams ( ,!ssalian-gre5 m>ble :i* seem$ to fl[ away f ! c5tre1 & ! qu>t]s 7 fill$ ) mosaics ( l>ge eagles4#adj ,x may also be notic$ t f\r riv]s are depict$ z fl[+ away f ! cross on ! c5tral bronze door ( n>!x4 ,_m p>allel examples ( pavem5ts1 /ill exi/+1 confirm ! ,anonym\s 9 ?is respect4 ,! mosaic floors ( ,italy furni% _m in/ances :]e ! f\r riv]s ( ,ed5 are repres5t$ 9 ! sev]al angles z human =ms p\r+ f urns1 wat]s :i* are inscrib$ ) ! names ,gihon1 ,tigris1 ,euphrates1 & ,pison4 ,! design ( ! pavem5t ( ! ,bapti/]y at ,flor5ce has be5 mu* di/urb$1 b x seems to h repres5t$ fl[+ /reams1 :i* l$ f ! font 9 ! middle to ! doors l f\r pa?s4 ,x has be5 po9t$ out t ! c>pet ( ,*osroes1 :i* is describ$ z hav+ repres5t$ a g>d5 ) fl[+ /reams1 0 a traditional patt]n ( :i* an example %[+ f\r /reams qu>t]+ ! field is 9 ! possession ( ,mr4 ,colv94#ada ,we und]/& t a simil> c>pet is n[ 9 ,new ,york4 ,we give "h a repres5tation ( a squ>e ( pavem5t at ! c5tre ( ! ,we/]n ,gynaeceum2 x is ( ,proconnesian slabs ) bord]1 & a disc ( v]de antico4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #i4--,m>ble ,pavem5t at c5tre ( ,we/ ,gall]y4 ,font4--,a f9e m>ble font =m]ly 9 ! prec9cts ( ! ,mosque ,ze9ab ,sultana at ! we/ ( ,s4 ,sophia1 & n[ 9 ! ,imp]ial ,museum1 is ! "o ref]r$ to by ,paspates z be+ probably ! font ( ,s4 ,john ,bapti/ 7! ,bapti/]y74 ,he writes t !re 7 only two rema9+ 9 ,con/ant9ople1 ! o!r be+ a small] font 9 ! prec9cts ( ! ,mosque ,kotza ,mu/apha ,pa%a4#adb ,! font 9 ! museum :i* we illu/rate is #h feet #b in*es long1 #f feet #a in*es wide1 & #d feet #f in*es high1 wr\ght out ( "o f9e block ( ,proconnesian m>ble4 ,! outside is c>efully f9i%$1 :i* %[s t x /ood above ! floor4 ,! inside is =m$ into /eps1 & ab\t ! rim are sev]al r\ghly sunk crosses1 :i* we sugge/ 7 fill$ by inlaid votive crosses ( metal4 ,simil> fonts are %[n 9 ! mosaics at ,s4 ,m>k's & o!r places4 ,texi] f\nd "o 9 ! m>ble qu>ries ( ,synnada ) /eps inside1 & o!rs are f\nd 9 ,pale/9e1 "o ( :i*1 illu/rat$ 9 ! ,memoirs ( ! ,exploration ,fund1#adc closely resembles ?is at ,con/ant9ople1 :i* we may !re=e look on z a typical ,byzant9e font4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aj4--;,font f ,con/ant9ople4 ,consecration or o!r ,crosses4--,on ! great v]de antico columns ( ! nor? side ( ! nave1 ab\t six feet above ! floor1 appe> sunk crosses ab\t six in*es high2 on ! s\? side %all[ sunk panels occupy simil> positions1 =m$ we may suppose by ! ,turks = ! purpose ( de/roy+ ! crosses4 ,simil> sunk crosses occur on "s ( ! m>ble columns 9 ! gall]y at ,s4 ,s]gius & at ,be?lehem2 at ,s9ai ! nave columns be> inlaid bronze crosses4 ,f ! "* ( ^? at ,s4 ,sophia we %\ld suppose t !y 7 also =m]ly fill$ by inlaid metal2 _! simil>ity 9 size & ! regul>ity ) :i* !y are plac$ seem to %[ t !y are ( ! nature ( consecration crosses r ?an be+ m]ely votive1 or r t !y 7 made by ! build]s1 j z a f>m] crosses 8 bags ( :eat4 ,9 mo/ ( ! ci/]ns ( ,con/ant9ople "o column at lea/ be>s a l>ge fairly wr\ght cross4 ,miracul\s ,m>bles & ,mosaics4--,clavijo describes a l>ge :ite slab 9 ! "r ( ! gall]y naturally figur+ 8! ,virg9 ) ,*ri/ 9 h] mo/ holy arms30 b5ea? ?is 0 an alt> 9 a little *apel :]e !y said mass4 ,^! m>bles1 9 :i* accid5tal resemblances to figures might be trac$1 7 evid5tly mu* valu$4 ,felix ,fabri describes a slab at ! ,holy ,sepul*re 9 :i* ,s4 ,j]ome & 8 lion appe>$4 8,?is picture 0 n produc$ by art1 b by simple poli%+ alone40 ,! column ( ,s4 ,gregory ,?aumaturgus1 m5tion$ by ,an?ony ( ,novgorod z by ! entrance & 8cov]$ ) bronze plates10 may possibly be ! celebrat$ 8sweat+ column10 :i* is ! fir/ squ>e pill> 9 ! nor? aisle4 ,at ab\t five feet f ! floor x is cas$ ) bronze1 9 :i* a hole is left ov] ! cavities 9 ! pill> :i* are suppos$ to exude ! dampness4 ,! ind5ts are smoo?1 & look l natural cavities discov]$ 9 ! m>ble :5 x 0 wr\ght4 ,canon ,curtis1 :o 0 k9d en\gh to exam9e ! pill> = u1 says x 0 p]fectly dry1 & ! att5dants assur$ him t wat] nev] ooz$ out ( ! cavities1 al?\gh 8a few drops ( wat] might be easily kept 9 ea* ( !m40 ,sweat+ columns are well kn[n 9 ! leg5ds ( ! middle ages4 ,b5jam9 ( ,tudela speaks ( two 9 ,rome :i* sweat$ on ! anniv]s>y ( ! fall ( ,j]usalem1 & ,m&eville m5tions f\r pill>s 9 ! ,holy ,sepul*re 8t always drop wat]1 & "s m5 say t !y weep = our ,"l's dea?40 ,/eph5 ( ,novgorod speaks ( a mosaic ( ,*ri/ 9 ,s4 ,sophia f :i* holy wat] fl[$ f ! w\nds ( ! feet4 ,wat] ,vessels4--,at ! we/ end ( ! *ur* 9 ! "r & left ex$ras /& two l>ge :ite ,proconnesian m>ble urns ab\t sev5 feet high1 ( beautiful g\rd-l =ms4 ,!y rise f ! c5tre ( polygonal bas9s1 & wat] is drawn f !m ?r\gh bronze taps4 ,x has be5 said t !y 7 br\ght f ,p]gamus or ,m>mora by ,sultan ,murad ,,iii4#add ,! c>v+ ( ! turban-l tops is c]ta9ly ,turki%1 b ! vessels seem to be ( ,byzant9e =m1 & we are dispos$ to agree ) ,grelot1 :o saw !m 9 _! pres5t position be=e #afhj4 ,he says !y 7 kept full ( wat] 8to cool ! ,mohamm$ans ov]heat$ by _! dev\t ge/iculations40 8,if !y are n v anci5t1 !y /& 9 ! place ( o!rs1 :i* conta9$ holy wat] = ! ,*ri/ians :o ent]$ ! *ur*40 ,he associates ) ^! ! pal9drome inscription giv5 by ,grut] 7see our page #aia71 :i* he says 0 writt5 on ^!1 or simil>1 vessels 9 gold lett]s4#ade ,n[ a beautiful can?>us 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,s4 ,pet] & ,s4 ,&rew1 on ! isl& ( ,murano1#adf :i* is almo/ id5tical ) ^? ( ,s4 ,sophia1 is /at$ to h be5 br\ght back !nce ) ! ,v5etian booty1 & be>s a ,byzant9e inscription3-- 78,draw ! wat] ) gladness1 = ! voice ( ! ,"l is ^u ! wat]s072 toge!r ) a monogram :i* reads 4 ,b5ea? ! monogram appe>s a /opp+ :]e evid5tly a tap 0 fix$1 9 exactly ! position ( ^? to ! urns 9 ,s4 ,sophia4 ,! fir/ half ( ! latt] inscription is on a small vessel ( lead f\nd at ,tunis1 :i*1 f ! "* ( ! decoration1 _c be lat] ?an ! f\r? or fif? c5tury4 ,! fir/ m5tion ( ! vessels 9 ,s4 ,sophia :i* we h be5 able to f9d is by an ,engli% travell]1 ,fynes ,moryson 7#aeie71 :o says1 8,i did see two nuts ( m>ble ( huge bigness & great beauty40 ,we give 9 ,fig4 #aa ! vessel 9 ! s\? ex$ra at ,s4 ,sophia1 toge!r ) t ( ,murano1 & = fur!r comp>ison "s beautiful vessels f a relief ( ,ju/9ian's "t on ! ivory ?rone at ,rav5na4 ,we h omitt$ ! ,turki% top ( ! =m]4 ,canon ,curtis1 :o has specially exam9$ !m1 writes to u t betwe5 ! top & body ( ea* vessel is a copp] b& :i* conceals ! jo9t1 if !re is a jo9t4 ,images & ,tombs4--,v few fragm5ts ( ,*ri/ian sculpture rema9 9 ,con/ant9ople4 ,! ,sil5ti>y does n m5tion any sculpture at ,s4 ,sophia4 ,probably ! feel+ :i* 0 mature 9 ,leo ! ,isaurian 0 always lat5t2 ,ori5tal ,*ri/ians %>+ 9 ! dislike ) :i* ,jew & ,moslem reg>d$ /atues4 ,canon ,curtis writes3 8,on ! nor!rn side ( ! sweat+ column ,i us$ to see p>ts ( a bas-relief repres5t+1 z ,i ?\ght1 a procession1 b x 0 almo/ conceal$ by ! metal plates1 & n[ x is entirely hidd540 ,! weal? ( ! *ur* 9 icons at a late p]iod may be ga!r$ f incid5tal ref]5ces4 ,n until a late "t d we he> ( any tombs 9 ! *ur*4 ,s4 ,*ryso/om & mo/ ( ! o!r patri>*s 7 buri$ 9 ! ,*ur* ( ! ,holy ,apo/les4 ,pa*ym]es m5tions 8! /ele ( ! ?ree ,g]mani 7,patri>*s ( ,con/ant9ople7 ne> ! porphyry columns on ! we/40 ,nicephorus ,gregoras#adg also writes t ! rema9s ( ! patri>* ,ars5ius 7 buri$ 9 ! great ,*ur* ( ,s4 ,sophia4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aa4--,wat] ,vessels f ,s4 ,sophia & ,murano4 ,hang+s4--,! descriptions on sev]al occasions m5tion veils & hang+s by ! names ( vela & velo?yra4 ,) mosaics & m9iatures to help u x is possible to judge ( ! lavi% way 9 :i* ^! hang+s 7 us$4 ,! mosaics at ,rav5na %[ veils hang+ at ! door ( ! *ur* ?r\gh :i* ,!odora is ab\t to ent]1 & ! l>ge elevation ( ! ,palace ( ,!odoric1 likewise 9 mosaic1 %[s hang+s 9 all ! ar*es ( ! portico4 ,su* textiles susp5d$ at entrance doorways are (t5 m5tion$ by contempor>y au?ors4#adh ,at ,s4 ,sophia ! doors ent]+ ! n>!x1 & ^? betwe5 x & ! *ur*1 all h bronze hooks1 to :i* su* 8door veils0 7 susp5d$2 & embroid]$ ,turki% hang+s1 :i* roll up f ! bottom by means ( cords & pulleys1 are /ill hung to !m4 ,9 ! ,byzant9e mosaics ! hang+s are (t5 %[n rais$ by be+ ga!r$ into a loose knot1 or by be+ drawn to ! sides & pass$ once r\nd ! pill>s betwe5 :i* !y hang4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ab4--,vessels ( ,six? ,c5tury3 f ,ivory ,?rone1 ,rav5na4 ,! acc\nt ( ! coronation c]emony describes h[ ! royal p]sons 7 seat$ 9 ! gynaeceum1 scre5$ by 8gold5 velo?yra10 s t !y %\ld n be se5 until ! psaltae sang ! 8,lift up10 :5 imm$iately ! velo?yra 7 rais$4 ,( ^! hang+s 9 ! int]ior we h a picture 9 ! acc\nt giv5 9 ! cont9uation ( ,!ophanes ( an ambassador1 ,ib] ,curopalates1 :o visit$ ,con/ant9ople 9 #ibc1 & 80 tak5 to ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,sophia1 t he %\ld inspect its beauty & size & preci\s ornam5ts4 ,n[ ! walls 7 all drap$ ) clo? ( gold be=e !y l$ him 91 & he1 /ruck ) ! great size ( ! *ur* & its weal? ( adornm5t1 exclaim$1 #8,truly ?is is ! h\se ( ,god1' & return$ home40#adi ,! ,c]emonies m5tion gold hang+s 9 ,cate*um5a above ,royal ,door4#aej ,nicetas tells u h[ ! ,crusad]s 8sp>$ nei!r ! h\se ( ,god nor ,8 m9i/]s1 b /ripp$ ! great *ur* ( all its f9e ornam5ts & hang+s1 made ( ! ri*e/ brocades ( ine/imable value40 ,we h no d\bt t ,s4 ,sophia 0 frequ5tly adorn$ inside by ! arcades ( bo? ti]s hav+ hang+s susp5d$ f ! iron b>s1 :i* cross all ^! ar*es at _! spr++1 exactly l ^? %[n 9 ! mosaic ( ,!odoric's palace4 ,inde$ ,ignatius ( ,smol5sk 7circ4 #acie71 :o 0 pres5t at ! coronation ( ,manuel1 says t ! wom5 9 ! gall]ies rema9$ beh9d curta9s ( silk s t none might see _! faces4#aea ,^! hang+s seem ei!r to h _h simple figures su* z squ>es ) l>ge 8gammidae0 at ! corn]s work$ on !m1 probably 9 gold1 or !y 7 patt]n$ ov] ) figures1 animals1 & fl[]s1 wov5 9 ! /uff l ! elaborate veils ( ! alt> describ$ by ! ,sil5ti>y4 ,! l95 ve/m5ts f\nd at ,panopolis 9 ,egypt %[ u t ! 8gammidae0 orig9at$ 9 embroid]$ %\ld] /raps1 ) seal-l ends appli$ on ei!r side ( ! neck op5+4 ,fig4 #ac %[s two ( ! door veils repres5t$ at ,rav5na2 t on ! "r is f ! mosaic 9 ,s4 ,apoll9>e ,nuovo %[+ ! palace4 ,! gammidae are "h exactly ( ! =m f\nd on ! e>ly ,coptic l95 ve/m5ts1 & x _c be d\bt$ t !y 7 8appli$0 9 a simil> way4 ,! patt]n on ! left is ! door-hang+ f ! mosaic ( ,s4 ,vitale2 ! pla9 squ>es are ( gold4 ,! designs on ! robes 9 ?is mosaic are int]e/+4 ,ju/9ian's *lamys is cov]$ ) birds 9 circles1 ! bord] ( ,!odora's robe displays ! ?ree ,magi mak+ _! (f]+s2 "o ( h] att5dants has a robe p[d]$ ) swimm+ ducks & a mantle ) f\r petall$ r$ roses on a gold gr\nd1 & ano!r robe has five po9t$ leaves scatt]$ ov] its field4 ,_m examples ( ! figur$ silks are pres]v$ 9 museums4 ,!re is at ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum a piece ( pictur$ silk ( ?is k9d1 probably ( ,ju/9ian's "t1 :i* is cov]$ ) circles1 9 ea* ( :i* is figur$ a man & a lion4 ,m ?an a c5tury be=e ! "t ( ,ju/9ian1 ,a/]ius1 ,bi%op ( ,amasius1 _h made ^! elaborately figur$ /uffs a subject ( satire3 8,:5 m5 s drap$ appe> 9 ! /reets ! pass]s-by reg>d !m l pa9t$ walls4 ,_! clo!s are pictures :i* little *ildr5 trace out ) _! f+]s4 ,!re are lions1 pan!rs1 & be>s1 also rocks1 woods1 & hunt]s4 ,! mo/ dev\t c>ry ,*ri/1 ,8 disciples1 & ,8 miracles4 ,"h we may see ! m>riage 9 ,galilee & ! pots ( w9e2 !re is ! p>alytic c>ry+ 8 b$1 ! p5it5t woman at ! feet ( ,jesus1 or ,laz>us come aga9 to life40#aeb ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ac4--;,door ,veils ( ! ,six? ,c5tury3 ,rav5na ,mosaics4 ,lat] ! patt]ns became m h]aldic & l>g] 9 scale1 figur+ = ! mo/ "p great display$ eagles1 & griffons1 or lions affront$4 ,a piece ( a textile ( ?is k9d 9 ! museum at ,dsseldorf1 ( :i* !re is a full-size copy at ,s\? ,k5s+ton1 be>s gold5 lions ab\t two feet six in*es long1 & ! names ( ,con/ant9e ,,viii4 & ,basil on a pallid purple gr\nd4 ,fraub]g]#aec comp>es ?is ) ano!r sign$ example ( ! same age & simil> design pres]v$ at ,siegburg1 & a ?ird at ,autun1 8all ( :i* 7 int5d$ = *ur* hang+s40 ,! same writ] says t aft] ,ju/9ian's introduction ( silk weav+ 9 #eeb & ! loss ( ,bosra ) its purple-dye vats to ,*osroes1 an imp]ial textile indu/ry 0 e/abli%$ by ! ,gold5 ,horn1 :i* exi/$ until ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,"h ^! hang+s 7 probably produc$4 ,c>pets4--,portions ( ! floor ( ,s4 ,sophia 7 almo/ c]ta9ly /rewn ) c>pets4 ,porphyrog5itus relates ( ! ,new ,*ur* ( ,basil t 8wooll5 c>pets 7nakopetai7 call$ pray] c>pets1 ( wond]ful size & beauty1 & resembl+ ! bright plumage ( peacocks1 7 laid "o ov] ano!r1 completely cov]+ ! mosaic pavem5t ( valuable /ones40 ,! c>pets & pray]-rugs ( ! mosques ?us _h _! direct p>allels1 if n _! prototypes1 9 ! ,byzant9e *ur*es4 ,synods4--,! patri>*al regi/]s1 dat+ f ! f\rte5? c5tury1 speak ( synods sitt+ 89 ! "r-h& cate*um5a02 ?is probably ref]s to ! s\? gall]y1 :]e ! vault has display$ 9 mosaic ! desc5t ( ! ,holy ,gho/ on ! ,apo/les4 ,across ?is gall]y !re is at pres5t a scre51 :i* possibly1 z ,paspates sugge/s1 %ut (f ! "p us$ by ! ,synods4 7,see dott$ l9e on ,fig4 #f47 ,! scre5 is made up ( two m>ble slabs1 ea* sculptur$ into ! =m ( panell$ d\ble doors1 ) ar*itraves & c>v$ panels4 ,above ! op5+ left betwe5 ^! is a col\r$ m>ble slab4 ,at ! top is a c>v$ wood beam1 :i*1 be+ exactly l ! p]man5t vault ties1 is evid5tly ( ,ju/9ian's age2 b ! :ole is c]ta9ly n an orig9al assemblage ( ! p>ts4 ,ea* slab1 :i* imitates a pair ( wood doors1 has a repres5tation ( a bronze r+ h&le & a lock-plate on "o half1 & a hasp on ! o!r1 all exactly copi$ 9 sculptur$ m>ble4 ,we believe t ^! imitation doors are e>li] ?an ! *ur*2 ! idea 0 common 9 late classic times4 ,de ,vog & ,dr4 ,m]rill#aed f\nd sev]al tomb doors1 simil>ly panell$1 /udd$ ) imitation nails1 & hav+ elaborate knock]s1 all c>v$ 9 /one4 ,an example 9 m>ble n[ 9 ! museum at ,le$s closely resembles ! ,s4 ,sophia slabs4 ,cl]gy & ,ritual4--,9 ! "t ( ,ju/9ian ! total numb] ( cl]gy 0 #ebe1 b at ! "t ( ,h]aclius ?is _h be5 increas$ to #fjj4aee ,!y 7 ?us divid$3-- ,presbyt]s #hj ,deacons #aej ,deaconesses #dj ,subdeacons #gj ,read]s #afj ,s+]s #be ,doorkeep]s #ge --- ,total #fjj ,! subdeacons1 accord+ to ! =ty-?ird canon ( ! ,c\ncil ( ,laodicea1 /ood by ! doors4 ,porphyrog5itus#aef speaks ( ! emp]or 8pass+ ?r\gh ! n>!x ( ! gynaeceum1 :]e ! deaconesses h _! usual place40 ,! same au?or also m5tions#aeg 8hypurgi ( ! n>!x1 read]s = alt]nate weeks1 o/i>ii ( ! ,holy ,well1 a dome/icus ( ! subdeacons1 & deputati ( ,s4 ,sophia40 ,a s]ies ( seals ( ! (fic]s ( ,s4 ,sophia is giv5 by ,s*lumb]g]2#aeh ! seals are ^? ( ! kl]ikos1 diakonos1 manglabites1 ekdikos1 deut]oboetes1 protospa?>ios1 & ! *>tophulax4 ,an anonym\s au?or#aei gives a li/ ( ! (fic]s ( ! 8holy & great0 *ur* :i* is too long to be giv5 9 full1 b we may note "s ( ! duties m5tion$4 ,! ,oeconomus held 8"o ( ! flabella1 & /ood at ! "r h& ( ! alt>1 :5 ! patri>* 0 (ficiat+20 :ile 8! sacell>ius1 hold+ a napk91 /ood on ! left40 ,! skeuophylax /ood 9 front ( ! skeuophylakium1 s z to be ready to h& any vessel t might be want$4 ,! *>tophulax /ood ne> ! 8holy doors10 & pron\nc$ ! words ( ! s]vice1 8,approa*1 ye prie/s40 ,! ca/5sius holds ! c5s]1 & draws ! curta9 at ! ,trisagion4 ,! ref5d>ius & deputati c>ri$ ! ord]s ( ! patri>* to ! pr9ces & nobles1 & summon$ !m to 8 pres5ce4 ,:5 ! patri>* 0 (ficiat+1 ! protopapas took prec$5ce ( all ! o!r prie/s1 & ev5 gave ! communion to ! patri>*4 ,! protopsaltes 8/ood 9 ! middle ( ! *ur* betwe5 ! "r & left *oirs10 & l$ ! s++4 ,on "o occasion ! numb] ( prie/s 0 s great 8t ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,sophia1 ?\gh x is ! greate/ ( all on ! e>?1 seem$ !n too small40#afj ,up to ! elev5? c5tury1 s]vices 7 only p]=m$ 9 ,s4 ,sophia on ,sundays & ,sa9ts' days4 ,9 ! middle ( ! elev5? c5tury1 ,monoma*us arrang$ t ! s]vice %\ld be e day1 & = ?is extra sal>ies 7 giv54#afa ,"s idea ( ! ritual ( ! s]vices may be ga!r$ f ! (fices 9 ! ,eu*ologium1 edit$ by ,go>1 ! ,*]ubic & o!r hymns1 toge!r ) ! ,c]emonies ( ,porphyrog5itus4 ,an acc\nt giv5 by ,an?ony ( ,novgorod is quot$ 9 ! next *apt]4 ,b]tr&on ,brocquire writes3 8,i 0 curi\s to witness ! mann] ( ! ,greeks p]=m+ div9e s]vice1 & w5t to ,s4 ,sophia on a day :5 ! patri>* (ficiat$4 ,! emp]or 0 pres5t accompani$ by 8 wife1 8 "m1 & 8 bro!r1 ! despot ( ! ,morea4 ,a ,my/]y 0 repres5t$1 ! subject ( :i* 0 ! ?ree y\?s :om ,nebu*adnezz> _h ord]$ to be ?r[n into ! fi]y furnace40 ,hav+ 9 our la/ *apt] quot$ ! description ( ! procession & celebration ( ! ,mass1 we n[ give ! acc\nts ( ! ,adoration ( ! ,cross giv5 by ,arculf#afb 9 ! sev5? c5tury1 & by ,porphyrog5itus 9 ! t5?2 toge!r ) ! directions = ! emp]or's procession to ! great *ur*4 ,! ,adoration ( ! ,cross4--8,9 ! nor!rn "p ( ! int]ior ( ! h\se 7,s4 ,sophia7 is %[n a v l>ge & beautiful aumbry1 :]e is kept a wood5 *e/1 9 :i* is %ut up t wood5 cross ( salvation on :i* our ,savi\r hung = ! salvation ( ! _w4 ,?is notable *e/1 z ! sa9t$ ,arculf relates1 is rais$ ) its treasure ( su* preci\sness ^u a gold5 alt>1 on ?ree consecutive days aft] ! lapse ( a ye>4 ,?is alt> also is 9 ! same r\nd *ur*1 be+ two cubits long1 & "o broad4 ,on ?ree consecutive days only ?r\gh\t ! ye> is ! ,"l's cross rais$ & plac$ on ! alt>1 t is on ! day ( ! supp] ( ! ,"l1 :5 ! emp]or & ! armies ent] ! *ur*1 &1 approa*+ ! alt>1 aft] t sacr$ *e/ has be5 op5$1 kiss ! ,cross ( ,salvation4 ,fir/ ( all ! emp]or ( ! _w kisses x ) b5t face1 !n go+ up "o aft] ano!r 9 ! ord] ( rank or age all kiss ! cross ) hon\r4 ,!n on ! next day1 t is on ! six? day ( ! week be=e ,ea/]1 ! que51 ! matrons1 & all ! wom5 ( ! p approa* x 9 ! above-m5tion$ ord]1 & all kiss x ) rev]5ce4 ,on ! ?ird day1 t is on ! ,pas*al ,sabba?1 ! bi%op1 & all ! cl]gy aft] him1 approa* 9 ord] ) fe> & trembl+ & all hon\r1 kiss+ ! ,cross ( ,victory :i* is plac$ 9 its *e/4 ,:5 ^! sacr$ & joyful kiss+s ( ! sacr$ cross are f9i%$1 t v5]able *e/ is clos$1 & ) its hon\r$ treasure x is borne back to its aumbry4 ,b ?is %\ld also be c>efully not$1 t !re are n two b ?ree %ort pieces ( wood 9 ! cross1 t is ! cross beam & ! long "o :i* is cut & divid$ into two equal p>ts2 :ile f ^! ?reefold v5]at$ beams :5 ! *e/ is op5$1 !re arises an od\r ( a wond]ful fragrance1#afc z if all sorts ( fl[]s _h be5 collect$ 9 x1 wond]fully full ( sweetness1 satiat+ & gladd5+ all 9 ! op5 space be=e ! inn] walls ( ! *ur*1 :o /& /ill z !y ent] at t mom5t2 = f ! knots ( ^? ?reefold beams a sweet-smell+ liquid di/ils1 l press$-out oil1 :i* causes all m5 ( :atev] race1 :o h assembl$ & ent]$ ! *ur*1 to p]ceive ! above-m5tion$ fragrance ( s great sweetness4 ,?is liquid is su* t if ev5 a little drop ( x be laid on ! sick1 !y easily recov] _! heal?1 :atev] be ! tr\ble or disease !y h be5 afflict$ )40 ,! passage f ! ,book ( ! ,c]emonies#afd describ+ ! ,exaltation ( ! cross on ,septemb] #ad? beg9s ) ! emp]or 8pass+ ?r\gh ! palace ,manaura1 & ! upp] corridors1 asc5d+ by ! wood5 /aircase1 & ent]+ ! cate*um5a#afe ( ! great *ur*40 ,aft] he has rea*$ ! cate*um5a & 8light$ c&les1 & pray$1 he takes 8 seat 9 ! "p on ! "r-h& side40 8,! emp]or !n summons ! patri>*1 :o rema9s = a %ort "t ) ! emp]or1 & !n goes out1 & comes to ! small secretum1 :]e is kept ! ,holy ,wood1 & receives ! emp]or !re4 ,& z ! congregation beg9 ! #8,glory to ,god 9 ! ,highe/1' ! emp]or ent]s1 & kisses ! ,sacr$ ,wood1 & comes out into ! great secretum4 ,!n ! emp]or1 foll[+ ! ,cross1 desc5ds by ! great w9d+ /aircase1 keep+ to ! left1 & passes ?r\gh ! ,didaskalion1#aff :]e ! pas*alia are inscrib$1 & hav+ gone d[n ! /eps1 he ent]s ?r\gh ! great gate ( ! n>!x1 & rea*es ! royal doors & /&s !re4 ,! emp]or & patri>* n[ pass ?r\gh ! middle ( ! nave1 & on ! "r ( ! ambo into ! solea2 "h ! emp]or /&s be=e ! ,holy ,doors1 & gives ! c&le he is c>ry+ to ! praepositus4 ,he !n ent]s ! bema1 & hav+ kiss$ ! ,sacr$ ,wood1 & turn+ r\nd1 he comes out aga91 & passes ?r\gh ! solea1 !n m\nts ! ?ird or f\r? /ep ( ! ambo & /&s !re1 hold+ ! c&le4 ,! patri>* !n comes out ( ! bema & m\nts ! ambo ) ! ,sacr$ ,wood1 & ! emp]or gives 8 c&le to ! praepositus1 & rema9s !re until ! ,wood has be5 elevat$ 9 ! f\r qu>t]s ( ! ambo4 ,! emp]or & patri>* !n desc5d f ! ambo & ent] ! bema1 & ! ,wood be+ plac$ be=e !m ! emp]or prays & kisses x1 & com+ out ?r\gh ! side ( ! bema he is conduct$ by ! patri>* to ! ,holy ,well1 & hav+ kiss$ x1 he cont9ues to ! palace40 ,x w\ld almo/ appe> t :]eas 9 ! "t ( ,arculph 7circa #fhj7 ! ,cross 0 kept 9 "o ( ! nor?-ea/]n *amb]s by ! bema1 9 ! "t ( ,porphyrog5itus 7t5? c5tury7 x 0 pres]v$1 dur+ c]ta9 p]iods1 9 a secretum accessible f ! gynaeceum4 ,possibly ! small upp] *apel on ! s\? side ) mosaic ceil+1 & ! additions ov] ! s\? por*1 bo? built ab\t ! t5? c5tury1 may be ! *amb]s 9 "q4 ,at ! end ( ! c]emony ! ,cross 0 left 9 ! bema1 & x may be t only on ! occasion ( ! ,fe/ival ( ! ,cross 0 x tak5 up to ! gall]y1 prep>atory to a procession ?r\gh all p>ts ( ! *ur*4 ,procession to ! ,*ur*4--,! foll[+ is an acc\nt ( a pageant1 :i* is ! fir/ 9 ! ,book ( ,c]emonies--! ord] ( ! royal procession to ! ,great ,*ur*4 ,on ! day prec$+ ! fea/1 notice 0 giv5 s t ! way might be adorn$ ) fl[]s4 ,! emp]or & pr9ces c>ri$ gifts1 & processional c&les1 & ! ,cross ( ,/4 ,con/ant9e4#afg ,prie/s 7 s5t to receive him ) ! ,cross ( ! ,"l1 :i* 0 tak5 f ! *ur* by ! ,sacri/an 7skeuophulax74 ,9 proce$+ to ! *ur* !re 7 six 8receptions40 ,?ree 7 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! palace1 8& ! pr9ces come to ! gate 7,*alk71 & ! f\r? reception takes place outside ! b>ri] ( ,*alk2 ! fif? reception takes place 9 front ( ! ,great ,gate :i* leads into ! ,augu/eum2 & ! six? reception is at ! ,horologium ( ,s4 ,sophia40#afh 8,& f !nce ! pr9ces ent] ?r\gh ! ,beautiful ,gate1 & h _! cr[ns remov$ by ! praepositi )9 ! curta9 t hangs 9 ! *amb]1 t is to say1 ! propylaeum ( ! n>!x4 ,& ! patri>* receives !m at ! door ( ! n>!x ) ! usual c]emony4444 ,! lords remove _! cr[ns1 kiss ! holy ,gospel c>ri$ by ! ar*deacon1 greet ! patri>*1 & proce$ up to ! royal doors4 ,be>+ ! c&les & b[+ ?rice1 ! entrance is made aft] a pray] by ! patri>*2 !n ^? c>ry+ ! sceptres & vessels /& "r & left ( ! *ur*2 b ^? be>+ ! bann]s & ! books /& on ei!r side 9 ! solea2 & ! ,cross ( ,/4 ,con/ant9e is plac$ on ! "r side ( ! bema4 ,& :5 ! lords come to ! ,holy ,doors & to ! porphyry omphalion1 ! patri>* alone ent]s )9 ! scre51 by ! holy door on ! left4 ,! pr9ces1 aft] b[+ ?rice1 ent] ) ! c&les1 foll[+ ! patri>*1 & com+ to ! holy table !y kiss ! holy clo?1 & !y place z is usual on ! holy table ! two :ite veils1 & kiss ! holy *alices1 & ! two discs & ! holy corporal clo?1 :i* are h&$ to !m by ! patri>*4 ,& !n by ! "r-h& side ( ! bema ! pr9ces ent] ) ! patri>* ! ,kuklis1 :]e is plac$ ! ,holy ,crucifix ( gold1 & aga9 !y b[ ) ! c&les ?ree times prais+ ,god2 & ! patri>* gives ! c5s] to ! emp]or & he c5ses ! crucifix3 !n !y kiss ! patri>*1 & take leave ( him & ent] ! oratory1 :i* is 9 front ( ! metatorion1 & !re1 b[+ ?ree times & prais+ ,god1 !y kiss ! ,holy ,cross z well z all ! ,in/rum5ts ( our ,"l's ,passion1 & !n ent] ! metatorion40 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,relics1 ,,treasure1 ,,& ,,! ,,light+ ,,( ,,! ,,*ur* #a4 ,,relics4 ,! ,true ,cross4--,!re w\ld seem to be little d\bt t a discov]y 0 made ab\t #cbf ( :at 0 suppos$ to be ! true ,cross4 ,s4 ,cyril ( ,j]usalem1 writ+ "s tw5ty-five ye>s lat]1 says t portions ( ! ,cross 7 spread all ov] ! _w4 ,we h se5 7p4 #ad7 t e>ly hi/orians relate t a portion ( ?is preci\s relic 0 s5t to ,con/ant9ople by ,hel5a4 ,! pr9cipal "p h[ev] rema9$ at ,j]usalem until x 0 tak5 by ,*osroes4 ,x is describ$ by "s ( ! pilgrims to ! holy city z be+ encas$ 9 silv]4 ,br\ght back f ,p]sia by ,h]aclius 9 #fbh toge!r ) ! spe> & sponge1 x re/$ = a brief int]val 9 ,s4 ,sophia1 :]e x 0 8uplift$02 b x 0 aga9 return$ to ,j]usalem until #fcf1afi :5 "u ! fe> ( ! com+ tr\bles ! l>g] portion at lea/ 0 remov$4 ,rohault de ,fleury1 :o devot$ a folio volume to ! ,in/rum5ts ( ! ,passion1 quotes a lett] f ,anseau1 a prie/ ( ! ,holy ,sepul*re 9 ! twelf? c5tury1 :i* 0 s5t to ,p>is ) a portion ( ! ,cross4 ,accord+ to ?is acc\nt ! ,holy ,wood 0 divid$ into n9ete5 small ,crosses1 ( :i* ,con/ant9ople possess$ ?ree besides ! 8,cross ( ! ,emp]or10 & ,j]usalem reta9$ f\r4 ,we h positive evid5ce t 9 ! c5tury be=e ,h]aclius ,con/ant9ople 0 a c5tre :]e portions ( ! ,cross 7 to be obta9$3 ?us ,radegunde1 wife ( ,clo?aire1 receiv$ a fragm5t f ,ju/9 ,,ii4 & ,sophia 9 #efi4agj ,at ?is "t1 accord+ to ,john ( ,ephesus1 !re 0 8a day ( ! adoration ( ! ,holy ,cross ( our ,savi\r2 on ?is fe/ival ! ,cross is br\ght out & set up 9 ! ,great ,*ur*1 & ! s5ate & all ! p ( ! city assemble to wor%ip x40#aga ,probably ! ,exaltation 0 celebrat$ concurr5tly at ,j]usalem & at ,con/ant9ople4 ,:5 we m def9itely he> ( ! ,true ,cross at ,s4 ,sophia1 x is evid5t1 f ! frequ5t occasions 9 :i* x is transport$ to diff]5t p>ts ( ! *ur*1 & to ! palace1 t x 0 q small1 a relic 9 fact4 ,arculf 7circa #fhj71 z we h se51 describes x z kept 9 a *e/1 on a gold5 alt>1 :i* 0 only two cubits long by "o broad4 ,he says3 8x %\ld be specially notic$ t !re are n two b ?ree %ort pieces ( wood 9 ! cross2 t is1 ! cross beam1 & ! long "o divid$ into two equal p>ts40 ,n[ 9 ! ,m5ologium ( ,basil we h a repres5tation ( ! ,exaltation ( ! ,cross1 :i* ! patri>* is uplift+ 9 an ambo4 ,x is repres5t$ z a d\ble cross made up ( ?ree pieces1 n ( two4 ,a m9iature ( ! f9d+ ( ! ,cross 9 ! ,national ,libr>y ( ,p>is %[s ! same =m4 ,didron rem>ks t ! cross ) d\ble bran*es probably orig9at$ 9 ,greece1 8= x is con/antly se5 9 ,attica1 9 ! ,morea1 & on ,m\nt ,a?os40 ,?is =m appe>s frequ5tly on ! lat] co9s ( ,con/ant9ople1 & we f9d t mo/ ( ! relics ( ! ,true ,cross :i* /ill exi/ on ,m\nt ,a?os & o!r places are made up ) d\ble arms4 ,a reliqu>y = ! fragm5t1 said to be t :i* 0 s5t to ,radegunde1 0 pres]v$ 9 ! mona/]y ( ,s4 ,cross at ,poiti]s 9 ! la/ c5tury4 ,! field 0 ( cloisonn enamel1 blue ) "h & !re a r$ fl[]4 ,a draw+ ( ?is relic1 ( :i* we give an outl9e1#agb %[s t ?is fragm5t ( ! ,true ,cross 0 made up 9 ! d\ble-arm$ =m1 :i* 0 repeat$ 9 ! relic at ! ,/e4 ,*apelle4#agc ,two su* relics n[ at ,v5ice are d\bly int]e/+1 = besides a cross ( ?is =m two support+ figures are repres5t$ :i* are inscrib$ ,con/ant9e & ,hel5a4#agd ,n[ ,c$r5us & o!r late writ]s say t 9 ! ,kam>a ( ! ,milion 7 ! figures ( ,con/ant9e & 8 "m1 ) ! cross betwe5 !m4 ,! same composition appe>s 9 ! mosaics at ! mona/]y ( ,s4 ,luke4 ,! two ,v5ice relics be> ! names ( ! ,empresses ,m>ia 7#aahj7 & ,ir5e 7#acej74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ad4--,%[+ =m ( ,true ,cross at ,s4 ,sophia4 ,fig4 #ad repres5ts ! ,poiti]s reliqu>y2 ! ,true ,cross z %[n 9 ! ,m5ologium2 & a cross f a late co94 ,we _c d\bt t ! ,cross at ,con/ant9ople 0 ( ?is =m4 ,0 x ! result ( ! conjunction ( ?ree pieces z m5tion$ by ,arculph1 or did ! upp] arm f ! fir/ repres5t ! label8 ,) ! ,cross 7 associat$ ! o!r ,in/rum5ts ( ! ,passion--! ,cr[n ( ,?orns1 ! ,sponge & ,spe>1 & slabs f ! ,tomb4 ,! catalogue ( relics by ,ni*olas ,?+eyr5sis 7#abjj7 says1 8,9 ,s4 ,sophia is ! ,cross ( ! ,"l :i* ,hel5a ! ,que5 br\ght20#age b at t "t ! great] "p ( ! ,cross & o!r relics ( ! ,passion seem to h be5 transf]r$ to ! *apel 9 ! palace ( ,b\coleon1 :]e !y 7 se5 by ,rob]t de ,cl>i 7#abjj74 ,! anniv]s>y ( ! day on :i* !y 7 mov$ f ,s4 ,sophia1 ,augu/ #ad?1 0 kept z a holiday4 ,accord+ to ,paspates all ! relics ( ! ,passion 7 remov$ 9 #abcd4 ,baldw9 ,,ii4 took ! ,cr[n ( ,?orns :i* 0 acquir$ by ,s4 ,l\is4 ,x is evid5t1 h[ev]1 f ! lat] ,pilgrims quot$ bel[1 & f ,m&eville1 t a "p ( ! ,passion relics rema9$ or t o!rs 7 acquir$4 ,o!r ,treasure & ,relics4--8,n only k+s & patri>*s1 b also private individuals & monks br\ght to ,con/ant9ople relics ( ! apo/les & m>tyrs1 anci5t ikons1 & all k9ds ( sacr$ objects connect$ ) ! sa9ts ( ! *ur*4 ,any?+ ( value 9 ! :ole l& ( ,pale/9e 0 = ! mo/ "p mov$ to ,con/ant9ople1 & su* 0 ! rev]5ce = relics t no *ur*1 mona/]y1 nor oratory 0 built )\t !m40#agf ,s e>ly z #dae1 :5 ,s4 ,sophia 0 r$$icat$1 x 0 necess>y to h fre% relics 7see page #af74 ,a description ( ! relics & ! treasure ( ,con/ant9ople is giv5 9 ! lett] suppos$ to h be5 writt5 9 #ajie by ,alexius ,comn5us to ,rob]t1 ,c\nt ( ,fl&]s1 9 :i* he craves ! assi/ance ( ! ,we/ aga9/ ! ,turks4 ,aft] enum]at+ ! relics scatt]$ ?r\gh\t ! city1 he cont9ues1 8,if y d n c>e to fight = ^!1 & gold w tempt y m1 y w f9d m ( x at ,con/ant9ople ?an 9 ! :ole _w1 = ! treasures ( its basilicas alone w\ld be suffici5t to furni% all ! *ur*es ( ,*ri/5dom1 & all _! treasures _c toge!r am\nt to ^? ( ,s4 ,sophia1 ^: ri*es h nev] be5 equall$ ev5 9 ! temple ( ,solomon40 ,! disp]sion ( ! relics & treasures ( ,s4 ,sophia & ! o!r *ur*es at ,con/ant9ople has be5 exhau/ively treat$ by ,c\nt ,riant4#agg ,! description by ,an?ony1 ,ar*bi%op ( ,novgorod1 :o visit$ ,s4 ,sophia 9 #abjj1 ?ree ye>s be=e ! capture by ! ,crusad]s1 furni%es ! be/ acc\nt ( ! accumulat$ ri*es ( ! great *ur*4 ,we give ?is 9 full f ! ,fr5* v]sion conta9$ 9 ,it9raires ,russes en ,ori5t4#agh 8,i1 ,antonius1 ,ar*bi%op ( ,novgorod1 an unwor?y & humble s9n]1 by ! grace ( ,god & by ! help ( ,s4 ,sophia1 :o is ! ,wisdom & ! ,et]nal ,^w1 rea*$ 9 safety ! imp]ial city1 & ent]$ ! great ,ca?olic & ,apo/olic ,*ur*4 ,we fir/ wor%ipp$ ,s4 ,sophia1 kiss+ ! two slabs ( ! ,"l's sepul*re4 ,fur!rmore we saw ! seals1 & ! figure ( ! ,"m ( ,god1 nurs+ ,*ri/4 ,?is image a ,jew at ,j]usalem pi]c$ 9 ! neck ) a knife1 & blood fl[$ =?4 ,! blood ( ! image1 all dri$ up1 we saw 9 ! small] sanctu>y4 8,9 ! sanctu>y ( ,s4 ,sophia is ! blood ( ! holy m>tyr ,pantaleon ) milk1#agi plac$ 9 a reliqu>y l a little bran* or b\gh1 yet )\t _! hav+ mix$4 ,besides t !re is 8 head1 & ! head ( ! ,apo/le ,quadratus1 & _m relics ( o!r sa9ts3 ! heads ( ,h]molaus & ,/ratonicus2 ! arm ( ,g]manus1 :i* is laid on ^? :o are to be orda9$ patri>*s2 ! image ( ! ,virg9 :i* ,g]manus s5t 9 a boat to ,rome by sea2 & ! small m>ble table on :i* ,*ri/ celebrat$ ,8 ,supp] ) ! disciples1 z well z ,8 swaddl+ clo!s & ! gold5 vessels1 :i* ! ,magi br\ght ) _! (f]+s4 8,!re is a l>ge gold #8disc' = ! mass1 giv5 to ! patri>* by ,olga1 a ,russian pr9cess1 :5 %e came to ! imp]ial city to be baptiz$4#ahj ,9 ?is disc !re is a preci\s /one :i* displays ! image ( ,*ri/1 & ! seal-impressions f ?is are us$ z *>ms2 b on ! upp] side ! disc is adorn$ ) pe>ls4 8,9 ! sanctu>y is likewise pres]v$ ! real *>iot ( ,con/ant9e & ,hel5a1 made ( silv]2 !re are gold plates1 enri*$ ) pe>ls & little jewels1 & num]\s o!rs ( silv]1 :i* are us$ = ! s]vices on ,sundays & fea/ days3 !re is wat] also 9 ! sanctu>y com+ out ( a well by pipes4 8,outside ! small] sanctu>y#aha is erect$ ! #8,crux ,m5suralis1' :i* %[s ! height ( ,*ri/ :5 on e>?2 & beh9d t cross is buri$ ,anna1 :o gave h] h\se to ,s4 ,sophia1 :]e n[ is ! small] sanctu>y1 & %e is buri$ ne>4 ,& ne> ?is same small] sanctu>y are ! figures ( ! holy wom5 & ( ! ,virg9 ,"m hold+ ,*ri/1 & %$d+ te>s :i* fall on ! eyes ( ,*ri/4 ,!y give ( ! wat] ( ! sanctu>y = ! bless+ ( ! _w4 8,9 ! same "p is ! *apel ( ,s4 ,pet] ! ,apo/le1 :]e ,s4 ,!ophania is buri$4 ,%e 0 ! gu>dian ( ! keys ( ,s4 ,sophia1 :i* p us$ to kiss4 ,!re is also susp5d$ ! c>pet ( ,s4 ,ni*olas4 ,! iron *a9s ( ,s4 ,pet] are kept !re 9 a gold *e/2 dur+ ! fea/ ( #8,s4 ,pet]'s ,*a9s' ! emp]or1 ! patri>*1 & all ! congregation kiss !m see ,fig4 #h4 ,ne> by1 9 ano!r *apel1 is also %[n ! cry/al ( ! anci5t ambo1 de/roy$ :5 ! dome fell4 8,by ! side ( ! images ( ! holy wom5 is ! tomb ( ! son ( ,s4 ,a!nog5ius4444 ,!re are no o!r tombs 9 ,s4 ,sophia except t1 & a lamp hangs 9 front ( x1 :i* once fell1 full ( oil1 )\t be+ brok54 ,! place is inclos$ by a wood scre51 & ! p are n all[$ to ent]4 8,:5 "o turns t[>ds ! gate "o sees at ! side ! column ( ,s4 ,gregory ! ,miracle-,work]1 all cov]$ ) bronze plates4 ,s4 ,gregory appe>$ ne> ?is column1 & ! p kiss x1 & rub _! brea/s & %\ld]s aga9/ x to be cur$ ( _! pa9s2 !re is also ! image ( ,s4 ,gregory4 ,on 8 fea/ day ! patri>* br+s 8 relics to ?is column4 ,& !re plac$ above a plat=m is a great figure ( ! ,savi\r 9 mosaic2 x lacks ! little f+] ( ! "r h&4 ,:5 x 0 f9i%$1 ! arti/ look$ at x & said1 #8,"l1 ,i h made !e z if alive4' ,!n a voice com+ f ! picture said1 #8,:5 ha/ ?\ se5 me8' ,! arti/ 0 /ruck dumb & di$1 & ! f+] 0 n f9i%$1 b 0 made 9 silv]-gilt4 8,above ! gate is depict$ on a l>ge panel ! ,emp]or ,leo ! ,wise1 & 9 front ( x is a preci\s /one1 :i* illum9ates ,s4 ,sophia at night-"t4 ,?is same ,emp]or ,leo took a c]ta9 writ+ f ,babylon1 :i* 0 f\nd 9 ! tomb ( ! prophet ,daniel4 ,x 0 copi$1 & on x 7 writt5 ! names ( ! ,greek emp]ors4 ,at ! royal gate is a bronze romani/um#ahb or bolt by :i* ! door is clos$4 ,m5 & wom5 are br\ght to x1 & if !y h drunk s]p5t poison or any o!r poison1 !y _c remove ! bolt f ! m\?1 until all ! evil ( ! disease has trickl$ away ) ! saliva4 8,by ! great alt> on ! left is ! place :]e an angel ( ! ,"l appe>$ to ! boy :o 0 gu>d+ ! workm5's tools1 & said1 #8,i w n leave ?is spot z long z ,s4 ,sophia %all rema94' ,?ree figures are %[n 9 ?is place1 = ! angels are pa9t$ !re2 & a multitude ( p come !re to pray to ,god4 ,n f> f !re is ! place :]e !y boil ! holy oil1 burn+ und]nea? x old ikons1 ^: features "o c no long] trace4 ,) ?is oil !y ano9t *ildr5 at baptism4 ,above ! sanctu>y !re rises 9 ! air a great holl[ vault cov]$ ) gold4 ,9 ! sanctu>y are eighty c&elabra ( silv] = use on fea/ days1 :i* occupy ! fir/ place1 besides numb]less silv] c&elabra ) _m gold5 apples4 8,above ! great alt> 9 ! middle is hung ! cr[n ( ! ,emp]or ,con/ant9e1 set ) preci\s /ones & pe>ls4 ,bel[ x is a gold5 cross1 :i* ov]hangs a gold5 dove4 ,! cr[ns ( ! o!r emp]ors are hung r\nd ! ciborium1 :i* is entirely made ( silv] & gold4 ,?us ! alt> pill>s & ! sanctu>y & ! bema are built ( gold & silv]1 +5i\sly made1 & v co/ly4 ,f ! same ciborium hang ?irty small] cr[ns1 z a remembrance to ,*ri/ians ( ! pieces ( money ( ,judas4 ,to ! ciborium 7 atta*$ curta9s1 :i* 7 =m]ly drawn by ! bi%ops dur+ ! s]vices4 ,we ask$ :y !y did s1 & !y answ]$ s t ! prie/s %\ld n see ! wom5 & ! p1 b %\ld s]ve ! supreme ,god ) a pure he>t & s\l4 ,lat] ! h]etics1#ahc :5 nobody c\ld see !m z !y 7 beh9d ! curta9s1 took ! body & blood ( ,*ri/1 & spat !m out1 & trampl$ on !m4 ,! ,_s w>n$ ! fa!rs ( ?is h]esy1 & ! fa!rs fix$ ! curta9s to ! columns ( ! ciborium1 & set an ar*deacon ne> ! patri>*1 metropolitan1 or bi%op1 s t !y %\ld wor%ip ,god holily )\t h]esy4444 ,:5 ,j]usalem 0 tak5 by ,titus _m sacr$ vessels & curta9s 7 br\ght to ,new ,rome ) ! royal treasures & giv5 to ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,sophia4 ,9 ,s4 ,sophia also are pres]v$ ! tables ( ! ,law1 z well z ! ,ark & manna4 ,! subdeacons1 :5 !y s+ #8,alleluia' 9 ! ambo1 hold 9 _! h&s tablets l ^? ( ,moses4 ,dur+ ! procession ( ! ,holy ,sacram5t ! eunu*s comm5ce to s+1 & !n ! subdeacons1 & !n a monk *ants alone4 ,!n _m prie/s & deacons c>ry ! ,holy ,sacram5t 9 procession2 at ?is "t all ! p n only bel[1 b also 9 ! gall]ies1 weep 9 great humility4 ,:at !n ought to be ! fe> & humility ( ! bi%ops1 ! prie/s1 & ! deacons 9 ?is holy s]vice8 8,h[ magnific5t are ! gold & silv] *alices1 g>ni%$ ) preci\s /ones & pe>ls6 ,:5 ! spl5did *e/1 call$ ,j]usalem1 is br\ght out ) ! flabella1 !re rises among/ ! p a great groan+ & weep+4444 ,b "h is a wond]ful miracle1 :i* we saw 9 ,s4 ,sophia4 ,beh9d ! alt> ( ! l>g] sanctu>y is a gold cross1 high] ?an two m51 set ) preci\s /ones & pe>ls4 ,!re hangs be=e x ano!r gold cross a cubit & a half long1 ) ?ree gold lamps1 :i* hang f z _m gold arms 7! f\r? is n[ lo/74 ,^! lamps1 ! arms or bran*es1 & ! cross1 7 made by ! great ,emp]or ,ju/9ian :o built ,s4 ,sophia4 ,by virtue ( ! ,holy ,_s ! small cross ) ! lamps asc5d$ above ! big cross1 & aga9 sl[ly came d[n aga9 )\t go+ out4 ,?is miracle took place aft] mat9s1 be=e ! comm5cem5t ( ! mass3 ! prie/s :o 7 9 ! sanctu>y saw x1 & all ! p 9 ! *ur* :o saw x cri$ ) fe> & joy1 #8,god 9 ,8 m]cy has visit$ u4' 444 ,?is great & wond]ful miracle 0 wr\ght by ,god 9 ! ye> #fgjh ,a4,m4 on ,sunday1 ,may #ba/1 be+ ! ,commemoration ( ,s4 ,con/ant9e & 8 "m ,hel5a1 dur+ ! reign ( ! ,emp]or ,alexius & ! patri>*ate ( ,john4 ,x 0 on ! fea/ ( ! #cah fa!rs4 ,iv]diat9us ,o/romitza 0 !n liv+ at ,con/ant9ople2 he 0 an ambassador f ! great ,roman duke4 ,n$anus1 ,domagirus1 ,demetrius1 & ,novg>o 7 also !re4 8,at ,s4 ,sophia on ! "r ne> ! sanctu>y is a piece ( r$ m>ble1 on :i* !y place a gold5 ?rone2 on ?is ?rone ! emp]or is cr[n$4 ,?is place 0 surr\nd$ by bronze closures to prev5t p walk+ on x2 b ! p kiss x4 ,at ?is place ! ,holy ,virg9 pray$ to h] ,son1 our ,"l1 on behalf ( all ,*ri/ians2 a prie/ :o 0 gu>d+ ! *ur* at night saw h]4 ,on ! same side is also ! gr& icon ( ,s4 ,boris & ,s4 ,glebe1 :i* arti/s copy4 ,:5 (ficiat+1 ! patri>* holds x high up 9 ! tribune4 8,9 ! *apel beh9d ! alt> are affix$ to ! wall ! upp] slab ( ! ,"l's sepul*re1 ! hamm]1 ! gimlet1 & ! saw1 ) :i* ! cross ( ! ,"l 0 made2 also ! iron *a9 :i* 0 hung to ! gate ( ,s4 ,pet]'s prison1 & ! wood ( ! cross :i* ,*ri/'s neck t\*$4 ,?is is ins]t$ 9 a reliqu>y 9 ! =m ( a cross4 ,9 ?is *apel above ! door is pa9t$ ,s4 ,/eph51 protom>tyr1 & a lamp is hung be=e him2 :5 any "o has bad eyes1 !y put r\nd 8 head ! rope by :i* ?is lamp is hung1 & 8 eyes are heal$4 8,!re is also ! figure ( ,*ri/ ^: neck ! ,jew /ruck1#ahd & ! bronze trumpet ( ,jo%ua1 :o took ,j]i*o1 & ! m>ble m\? ( ! well ( ,sam>ia4 ,ne> x ,*ri/ said to ! woman ( ,sam>ia1 #8,give me to dr9k2' ! well m\? has be5 cut 9 half1 & ! ,sam>itans /ill draw wat] f ! o!r half4 8,!re lie also ! bodies ( ,s4 ,ab]cius1 ,s4 ,gregory1 & ,s4 ,sylve/]1 & ! heads ( ,cyrus & ,john1 & _m o!r relics4 ,!re also is ! ,bapti/]y1 ^u :i* is pa9t$ all ! hi/ory ( ! baptism ( ,*ri/ by ,john 9 ! ,jordan3 & h[ ,john taught ! p1 & h[ little *ildr5 & m5 ?rew !mselves 9 ! ,jordan3 all ?is 0 execut$ by ,paul ! ,skilful dur+ my lifetime1 & !re is no pa9t+ l ?is4 ,!re are !re wood5 supports1 ^u :i* ! patri>* has _h plac$ ! figure ( ,*ri/1 ?irty cubits high2 ,paul fir/ pa9t$ ! ,*ri/ ) col\rs made ( preci\s /ones & cru%$ pe>ls mix$ ) wat]2 ?is image is /ill at ,s4 ,sophia4 8,& :5 !y s+ mat9s at ,s4 ,sophia1 !y s+ fir/ be=e ! great doors ( ! *ur*1 9 ! n>!x1 !n !y ent] & s+ 9 ! middle ( ! *ur*2 !n !y op5 ! p>adise gates1 & s+ ! ?ird "t be=e ! alt>4 ,sundays & sa9ts' days ! patri>* assi/s at mat9s & at mass1 !n he blesses ! s+]s f ! ambo1 !y /op s++ & !n say ! polykronia3 !n !y beg9 to s+ aga91 & s+ z h>moni\sly & sweetly z ! angels till ! ,mass4 ,aft] mat9s are f9i%$1 !y put (f _! surplices & !n g out & ask ! patri>*'s b5$iction = ! mass4 ,aft] mat9s ! prologue is read 9 ! ambo till ! mass2 :5 ! prologue is f9i%$1 ! liturgy is comm5c$1 &1 aft] ! s]vice is ov]1 ! *ief prie/ 9 ! sanctu>y recites ! pray] call$ #8,( ! ambo1' :ile ! second prie/ recites x 9 ! *ur* on ! side ( ! ambo1 away f ! sanctu>y3 bo?1 :5 ! pray] is f9i%$1 bless ! p4 ,9 a simil> way vesp]s are sung4 ,!re are no bells at ,s4 ,sophia1 b a little h&-bat hagiosidre :i* !y /rike = mat9s1 ?\gh !y d n /rike x = mass & vesp]s1 z 9 o!r *ur*es3 !y foll[ ! precepts ( ! angel 9 hav+ ?is bat2 ! ,lat9s h bells4444 ,:5 !y built ,s4 ,sophia1 !y inclos$ holy relics 9 ! walls ( ! sanctu>y4 ,!re are also _m ci/]ns at ,s4 ,sophia4 ,above evid5tly "u ! gall]ies are ! ci/]ns & /oreh\ses ( ! patri>*s & ( ! ,*ur*4 ,vegetables ( e k9d suitable = ! table ( ! patri>*s1 melons1 apples1 & pe>s are pres]v$ at ! bottom ( ! ci/]ns 9 baskets hung by cords3 :5 ! patri>* wants to eat1 !y br+ !m up q fre%3 & ! emp]or eats !m also4 ,! ba? ( ! patri>* is also above "u ! gall]ies2 ! wat] ( ! f\nta9s m\nts by pipes1 & ! ra9wat] is pres]v$ 9 ci/]ns4 ,on ! gall]ies are pa9t$ all ! patri>*s & emp]ors ( ,con/ant9ople1 & ^? :o %>$ _! h]esies4 ,9 ! *oirs ( ! *ur* are five heads ornam5t$ ) pe>ls l a silv] ^w indeciph]able4444 ,laz>us1 ! image pa9t]#ahe 444 fir/ pa9t$ at ,con/ant9ople1 9 ! sanctu>y ( ,s4 ,sophia1 ! ,virg9 hold+ ,*ri/ & two angels4444 ,s4 ,sophia has #c1jjj prie/s2 #ejj %>e 9 ! b5efices ( ! *ur* & #a1ejj h no %>e2 :5 "o ( ! #ejj prie/s dies1 8 place is tak5 by "o ( ! #a1ejj40 99 99 99 99 99 ,franki% ,occupation & ,aft]4--,?ree ye>s aft] ! visit ( ,an?ony1 ,con/ant9ople 0 tak5 by ! ,lat9s4 ,"o ( ! ,crusad]s1 ,villeh>d\91 writes1 8,( holy relics ,i ne$ only say x conta9$ m ?an all ,*ri/5dom comb9$2 !re is no e/imat+ ! quantity ( gold1 silv]1 preci\s vessels1 jewels1 ri* /uffs1 silks1 robes ( vair1 gris1 & erm9e1 & o!r valuable ?+s--! production ( all ! climates 9 ! _w4 ,x is ! belief ( me1 ,ge(frey ,villeh>d\91 m>*al ( ,*ampagne1 t ! plund] ( ?is city exce$$ all t has be5 witness$ s9ce ! creation ( ! _w40 ,mu* ( ! accumulat$ weal? ( six c5turies--! gifts f emp]ors & private individuals ( 8sacr$ vessels ( gold & pe>ls & preci\s /ones0#ahf--0 remov$ by ! ,v5etians & ,franks4 ,_m ( ^! preci\s objects are lo/ beyond hope ( recov]y2 su* are ! c&le/icks & crosses4 ,z "s repres5tation ( ^! we give a figure ( a gemm$ processional cross1 ) its seizae ( jewels1 f ! ,m5ologium ( ,basil 7,fig4 #ae74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ae4--;,jewell$ ,processional ,cross4 ,9 ! treasury ( ,s4 ,m>k's at ,v5ice !re is h[ev] a ri* ho>d ( vessels1 lamps1 & o!r objects1 :i* 7 tak5 f ! *ur*es ( ,con/ant9ople2 & _m ( ^! cry/al lamps1 agate cups1 & enamell$ book-cov]s d\btless belong$ to ,s4 ,sophia4 ,among/ ^! may be m5tion$ an agate *alice ) ! "n ,sis9nius4 ,?is may probably be ref]r$ to a ,patri>* ( ,con/ant9ople ( t "n 9 #iif2 ano!r ) ! "n ,ignatius to a patri>* 9 #hgg2 a ?ird ) ! inscription 8,"l help ,romanus1 ! ,or?odox ,emp]or0 to ,romanus ,lecap5us 7#iai-idd74ahg ,extracts f ! ,v5etian hi/orians m5tion+ objects br\ght f ,con/ant9ople are giv5 by ,riant4 ,paulus ,mauroc5us speaks ( 8! _m holy relics1 & small figures1 & *alices & pat5s & o!r beautiful ?+s f ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,sophia20 also1 8! v same doors :i* n[ close ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,m>k's 444 & two c5s]s ( gold f ,s4 ,sophia ( su* grace & beauty t "o _c see !m )\t be+ a/\nd$40 ,he also m5tions1 ?\gh x is n q cle> if he associates ?is ) ,s4 ,sophia1 8,! palla ( silv]-gilt ) ! figures ( our ,"l1 ! ,virg91 ! ,apo/les1 prophets1 doctors1 & m>tyrs1 :i* is n[ plac$ 9 ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,m>k40#ahh ,! head ( ,s4 ,pantaleon 0 tak5 by ,he9ri* ,ulm5 to ! *ur* ( ! sa9t at ,cologne4 ,aft] ! int]regnum1 ,s4 ,sophia 0 visit$ by sev]al o!r ,russian pilgrims1 :o h left acc\nts ( ! *ur* :i* agree v closely4 ,( ! fulle/ ( ^!1 :i* is by an anonym\s ,russian writ]1 #adbd-adec1 we give a cond5s$ ab/ract1 z x conta9s "o or two m po9ts1 %[s ! acquisition ( o!r relics 9 ! place ( ^? lo/1 & is useful = comp>ison ) ! anonym\s ,greek au?or translat$ 9 ! next *apt]3-- ,ne> ! we/ door 9 ! middle ( ! n>!x are ! doors ( ! ark ( ,noah & ! *a9 :i* b\nd ! apo/le ,paul4 ,above ! door is ! miracul\s image ( ! ,savi\r1 & a lamp is susp5d$ be=e x4 ,9 ! sanctu>y is ! life-giv+ ,cross on :i* ! ,jews crucifi$ ,*ri/4 ,! /one on :i* ,he sat & conv]s$ ) ! woman ( ,sam>ia is 9 ! *apel on ! "r4 ,"h is ! table ( ,abraham4 ,at ! bottom ( ! *ur* aga9/ ! wall to ! "r ( ! alt> is ! b$ ( iron on :i* m>tyrs 7 burnt4 ,"h is a /one c(f] ) relics ( ,m>tyrs & ! ,innoc5ts4 ,to ! left is ! tomb & ! :ole body ( ,ars5ius3 ! doors ( ! ark3 ! b5* :]e ,j]emiah ! prophet wept1 & a column by :i* ,pet] wept4 ,to ! left are buri$ ,s4 ,george & ,s4 ,!ologos4 ,on ! left is a little %r9e beautifully built2 x conta9s ! image ( ! ,virg9 :i* wept :5 ! ,franks held ,con/ant9ople4 ,h] te>s1 resembl+ pe>ls1 are kept 9 a c(f] be=e ! image4 ,! in/rum5ts ( ! ,passion are expos$ f ,?ursday to ,saturday4 ,beyond is ! image ( ,*ri/ 9 m>ble1 & ! cross ( ,s4 ,john *a9$ to ! wall4 ,ne> ! ,holy ,table 9 ! bema is ! tomb ( ,s4 ,john ,*ryso/om1 cov]$ by a plank ov]laid ) gold & gems4 ,to ! "r on ent]+ ! *ur* are situat$ a well & l>ge bas9 ( m>ble 9 :i* ! patri>* baptizes4 ,"o leaves ,s4 ,sophia by ! s\? door2 at "s /eps f ! gate1 to ! left1 is ! ,*ur* ( ! ,holy ,savi\r2 above ! door is susp5d$ an image :i* an emp]or attempt$ to de/roy4 ,beh9d ! bema ( ,s4 ,sophia is ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,ni*olas4 ,ne> by 9 front ( ! door :i* is beh9d ! alt> ( ,s4 ,sophia is ! place :]e !y bless ! wat]1 plung+ 9 ! ,cross2 a ro( cov]$ ) lead surm\nts ! bas9 ( gre5 m>ble4 ,x is "h !y baptize ! emp]ors2 f\r cypresses & two palms =m a cresc5t 9 ?is place4 ,"s di/ance 9 front ( ! ambo ( ,s4 ,sophia is a p$e/al ( m>ble :i* supports ! holy *alice2 x is )9 a /one inclosure1 & is cov]$ by a vault ( gilt copp]4 ,f ! entrance ( ! *ur* to ! ambo is #ff cubits1 & x is #cj beyond to ! sanctu>y1 :i* is #ej long by #ajj wide4 ,! *ur* is #bjj cubits wide & #aej high4 ,above ! fir/ door is ,solomon 9 mosaic 9 a circle ( azure4 ,t ^! acc\nts accurately relate ! /ories ( ! gu>dians ( ,s4 ,sophia is suffici5tly prov$ by ,la ,brocquire1 :o 0 told 9 #adcc t ,s4 ,sophia possess$ 8"o ( ! robes ( our ,"l1 ! end ( ! lance t pi]c$ ,8 side1 ! sponge t 0 (f]$ to ,him1 & ! re$ t 0 put 9 ,8 h&4 ,i c only say t beh9d ! *oir ,i 0 %[n ! gridiron on :i* ,s4 ,lawr5ce 0 roa/$ ! iron b$1 & a l>ge bas9-l /one on :i* !y say ,abraham gave ! angels food :5 !y 7 go+ to de/roy ,sodom & ,gomorrah40 #b4 ,,light+4 ,! description by ! ,sil5ti>y#ahi ( ! lamps & c&elabra :i* illum9at$ ! ,great ,*ur* =ms "o ( ! mo/ fasc9at+ p>ts ( ! :ole poem4 ,al?\gh ! multitude ( lamps :i* once lit up ! int]ior h long disappe>$1 ! ma9 features ( ! light+ may be br\ght back to our imag9ations by comp>+ ! description ) illu/rative examples4 ,fir/ !n 9 ! c5tral space "u ! great dome1 *a9s fell f ! height ( ! upp] cornice1 :]e !y 7 probably atta*$ to /rong bronze arms :i* project$ f> out l ! pres5t metal /akes :i* project 9 ! ex$ras on ! fir/-floor cornice4 ,^! *a9s all t]m9at$ at "s height above ! floor 9 support+ ! great sweep ( a metal circle to :i* 7 susp5d$ flat circul> discs ( silv]1 ea* ( :i* 0 pi]c$ ) holes into :i* 7 dropp$ glass oil vases ) rims :i* prev5t$ !m fall+ ?r\gh4 ,) ^! discs 7 associat$ crosses ( metal :i* also c>ri$ lamps4 ,^!1 cross & disc toge!r1 or alt]nately1 hang+ r\nd 9 a great circle made a 8circl+ *orus ( bright lights0 )9 :i* 0 a l>ge corona ( o!r lamps & above x a l>ge c5tral disc4 ,!n along ! sides ( ! *ur* 7 r[s ( lamps 9 ! =ms ( silv] b[ls1 & %ips2 o!r r[s ( lights 7 atta*$ to beams support$ above ! floor by metal /&>ds1 & to project+ metal arms1 or susp5d$ rods4 ,^u ! beam ( ! icono/asis 0 a r[ ( c&elabra1 ea* ) a s]ies ( horizontal circles dim9i%+ upw>ds ab\t ! /em1 l a fir-tree1 issu+ f a silv] b[l4 ,above ! c5tre ( ! icono/asis 0 a great /&>d light-be>+ cross4 ,r\nd ab\t ! ambo simil> light trees 7 plac$4 ,light coronae1 crosses1 or s+le lamps 7 fav\rite gifts to a *ur*1 & 9 ^! objects ,s4 ,sophia probably became mu* m weal?y z "t w5t on4 ,mi*ael ,,iii41 = in/ance1 gave to ! *ur* 9 #hfg 8a circle 7kuklos7 = lights :i* !y call a polyc&elon1 z big z any ( ! o!rs b all ( gold weigh+ sixty p\nds4 ,to x 0 giv5 ! fir/ & mo/ holy place40#aij 8,a *alice & pat5 sup]ior to all ! o!rs1 z well z a polyc&elon 9 ! =m ( a cross ) _m lamps10 are also m5tion$ z giv5 by ,mi*ael4 ,8 successor ,basil ,i41 8z !re 0 a dang] ( ! sacr$ lamps be+ ext+ui%$ = want ( oil10 assign$ = ! use ( ! *ur* 8! tribute call$ mantea1 s t ! light might nev] be qu5*$40#aia ,! ,anonym\s d\btless exagg]ates beyond belief ) 8 #cjj polyc&ela & #fjjj lamps all ( gold1 b ! k9ds ( c&elabra he speaks ( mu/ h be5 p]fectly well kn[n 7p4 #adj74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #af4--,polyc&elon or ,disc1 = ,sev5te5 ,lamps1 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,at ! end ( ! twelf? c5tury1 ,rob]t de ,cl>i1 ! knight ( ,ami5s1 wrote--8,?r\gh\t ! *ur* hang "o hundr$ c&elabra1 & !re is n "o :i* does n hang f a silv] *a9 z ?ick z a man's arm1 & ea* c&elabrum has q tw5ty-five lamps or m1 & !re is n a s+le c&elabrum :i* is n wor? two hundr$ silv] m>ks40 ,b5jam9 ( ,tudela m5tions 8c&elabra1 lamps1 & lant]ns1 ( gold & silv] m ?an any man c "n20 & ,/eph5 ( ,novgorod 7#acej7 speaks ( 8a multitude imm5se1 innum]able1 ( lamps40 ,( ! great brilliance ( illum9ation obta9$ 9 ! e>ly *ur*es !re c be no d\bt4 ,paul9us writes t at 8 *ur* at ,nola ! lights 7 susp5d$ 9 su* pr(usion t !y seem$ to float 9 a sea4 ,an int]e/+ acc\nt ( ! me?od ( light+ foll[$ at ! ,lat]an1 illu/rat$ by a plan ( ! circles1 is giv5 by ,rohault de ,fleury4#aib ,a ,byzant9e lamp-hold] lately s5t to ! ,l\vre f ,con/ant9ople is probably almo/ id5tical 9 g5]al =m ) ! 8discs0 ( ,paulus4 ,?is polyc&elon is a broad flat r+ ( bronze pi]c$ ) eight holes = z _m lights1 & susp5d$ by f\r *a9s4 ,x be>s a votive inscription :i* reads1 8,"l1 rememb] !e ( ,?y s]vant ,abraham1 son ( ,con/ant9e40#aic ,9 ! ,briti% ,museum is a mu* m ornate example ( ! same k9d ( disc4 ,?is is also ( bronze1 ab\t sixte5 in*es diamet]1 pi]c$ ) sev5te5 holes = ! lights1 ! int]spaces be+ cut away to =m a radiat+ patt]n4 ,we give a draw+ ( ?is int]e/+ lamp1 ) :i* we h associat$ a small pi]c$ plate = a lamp *a9 9 ! same collection 7,fig4 #af74 ,9 ! ,ar*ological ,museum at ,granada !re is an ornam5tal disc closely resembl+ ! example 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,x came f ! mosque ( ,elvira1 & probably belongs to ! n9? c5tury4 ,we m5tion ?is because ! bottom plate ( ! mod]n mosque lamp ) ! small holes :i* take glass tubul> vessels eight or t5 in*es long & only ab\t two in*es 9 diamet]1 cont9ues ! tradition ( ! ,byzant9e polyc&ela1 & ! oil vessels well repres5t ^? l spe> %afts m5tion$ by ! ,poet4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ag4--,silv] ,polyc&elon f ,lampsacus1 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,9 ano!r example 9 ! ,briti% ,museum ! disc is n q flat b ( ! =m ( a d9n] plate1 ! holes = ! lamps be+ ar\nd ! rim4 ,?is lamp-hold] is ( silv]1 & 0 br\ght f ,lampsacus ne> ,gallipoli ) sev]al alt> vessels inscrib$ ) a monogram :i* reads or 4 ,9 ,fig4 #ag we h re/or$ ! oil vases4 ,ano!r bronze polyc&elon has rec5tly be5 br\ght f ,egypt by ,pr(essor ,fl9d]s ,petrie3 ?is is ab\t eight in*es across 7,fig4 #ahaid74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ah4--;,coptic ,polyc&elon = ,f\r ,lamps4 ,on ,m\nt ,a?os we probably f9d ! be/ exi/+ p>allel to ! circle ( discs at ,s4 ,sophia 9 ! mona/]y ( ,do*ei>eiu 7see ,fig4 #ai74aie ,9 ! words ( ! ,sil5ti>y1 8^! discs =m a coronet40 ,! second cr[n ( lights1 :i* hung )9 ! great circle ( discs at ,s4 ,sophia1 w\ld also h _h a circul> rim support$ by *a9s ) lamps susp5d$ b5ea?1 or atta*$ to arms project+ f ! rim4 ,s4 ,b]n>d speaks ( a *ur* :]e 7 plac$ 8n cr[ns b :eels ) preci\s /ones & lights ar\nd !m40 ,to ^! circul> c&elabra ecclesia/ical writ]s usually give ! title ( coronae4 ,leo ,,iii4 gave to ! basilica ( ,s4 ,&rew at ,rome a 8gold corona ( lamps set ) gems40 ,o!r au?ors call cr[ns ) lamps ( ?is k9d ph>a2 we read 9 ,leo ,o/i5sis ( a 8ph>um or l>ge cr[n ( silv] ) six & ?irty lamps hang+ f x40#aif ,!y are also spok5 ( z cycli1 b m g5]ally z polyc&ela4 ,! ,*ronicon ,cass95se m5tions 8a ph>os or cr[n ( silv]1 weigh+ a hundr$ librae1 tw5ty cubits r\nd ab\t1 ) twelve t[]s project+ f x1 & ?irty-six lamps hang+ f x4 ,?is 0 fix$ outside ! *oir1 be=e ! great cross1 by an iron *a9 adorn$ ) sev5 gold apples40#aig ,! same *ronicle also speaks ( a 8silv]-gilt corona1 col\r$ ) preci\s /ones1 ) six crosses hang+ f x40 ,! great circles ( ,aix & ,hilde%eim are ! be/-kn[n examples ( ! anci5t coronae4 ,^! h twelve t[]s l t j m5tion$1 & !y symbolis$ ! ,new ,j]usalem4 ,r4 de ,fleury sugge/s t relics 7 conta9$ 9 su* turrets4 ,an extremely beautiful ph>os 9 ! ,h]mitage ,museum repres5ts a basilica4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ai4--;,corona ) ,lamp ,discs1 ,m\nt ,a?os4 ,! light crosses 7 v g5]ally kn[n ?r\gh\t ,*ri/5dom1 & ! hi/orian ,socrates m5tions t crosses ( silv] ) burn+ c&les ^u !m 7 c>ri$ 9 processions 9 ! "t ( ,*ryso/om4 ,accord+ to ,ana/asius1 at ,s4 ,pet]'s !re 0 a l>ge ph>os 89 ! =m ( a cross :i* hung be=e ! presbyt]ium hav+ #a1cgj c&les20 ?is 0 light$ f\r times a ye>2 also 8a gold c>v$ cross hang+ be=e ! alt> ) twelve c&les10 & 8a cross lamp ) two little %ips & ?ree fi%es40 ,! lamp cross hang+ 9 ,s4 ,m>k's is ! be/-kn[n example rema9+4 ,x is possible t ^? at ,s4 ,sophia m5tion$ ) ! discs hung horizontally to f\r *a9s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bj4--,s+le ,lamp ) ,votive ,inscription4 ,at ,s4 ,sophia1 9 addition to ! discs1 crosses1 & circles1 !re 71 accord+ to ,du ,cange1 lamps hung f nets4 ,! ^w :i* he int]prets 9 ?is way is t translat$ 8skiff0 7l9e #dhj71 z x means a small r[-boat4 ,h[ he gets 8 int]pretation ( nets x is difficult to see4 ,we m5tion x "h = its intr9sic beauty only3 x 0 a famili> arrangem5t = lamps4 ,ana/asius 9 8 ,lives ( ! ,popes speaks ( "o ( ! *ur*es at ,rome hav+ 8a ph>os 9 ! =m ( a net10 & aga9 ( a l>ge ph>os 8l a net ) tw5ty baskets10 & also 8a bronze net ) silv] baskets40 ,! hang+ lamps 9 ! =m ( %ips m5tion$ by our poet w\ld h c>ri$ ! oil vessels r\nd _! sides4 ,a mo/ int]e/+ example ( a lamp ( ?is k9d is giv5 9 ! ,diction>y ( ,*ri/ian ,antiquities 7,smi? & ,*ee?am74 ,x repres5ts a small vessel ) a ma/ & sail1 conta9+ two figures1 "o /e]+1 & ! o!r look+ out f ! pr[4 ,^! figures are ei!r ,pet] & ,paul or m probably ,*ri/ & ,pet]4 ,! symbolism ( ! %ip = ! ,*ur* is too famili> to ne$ comm5t2 ! ma/ 9 ! c5tre1 )\t :i* ! %ip is unsafe1 z ,s4 ,ambrose says1 typifies ! cross )\t :i* ! *ur* is unable to /&4 ,! galley =m ( lamp 0 well kn[n also 9 antiquity4 ,9 ! ,*ri/ian era x 0 only "o ( ! _m beautiful & sugge/ive =ms 9 :i* lamps 7 made2 "s resembl$ birds1 cry/al fi%1 or %ells1 o!rs aga9 7 b[ls ( :ite or em]ald glass4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ba4--,six?-c5tury ,c&le/ick4 ,9 ! sanctu>y !re w\ld h be5 susp5d$ l>ge s+le lamps :i* burnt p]petually 7,akoimetoi74 ,a v f9e s+le ,byzant9e lamp ( ?is k9d is %[n 9 ! fifte5?-c5tury picture by ,m>co ,m>ziale 9 ! ,national ,gall]y1 9 :i* ! int]ior ( ,s4 ,m>k's figures z ! temple4 ,9 ,fig4 #bj we give a re/oration ( fragm5ts ( a beautiful e>ly ,*ri/ian b[l-%ap$ lamp be>+ a votive inscription figur$ by ,rossi4 ,on ,m\nt ,a?os ,dr4 ,covel notic$ a lamp ( beat5 gold set ) jewels4 ,! treasury ( ,s4 ,m>k's probably /ill conta9s lamps :i* hung 9 ,s4 ,sophia3 "o ( especial beauty is a glass b[l ) circles cut on ! outside & atta*$ to a metal rim on :i* is inscrib$ 9 ,greek1 8,/4 ,panteleon1 succ\r ?y s]vant ,zac*>iah1 ,ar*bi%op ( ,ib]ia1 ,am540#aih ,9 illu/ration ( ! tree-l c&elabra :i* /ood above ! beam ( ! icono/asis1 & r\nd ! ambo1 we may m5tion ! well-kn[n classical examples4 ,a lamp-be>] 9 ! museum at ,brussels is describ$ z 8an arbu/e ( consid]able size & irregul> trunk & bran*es ) lamps susp5d$ f ! extremities ( its b\ghs40 ,ana/asius m5tions a 8tree ( bronze ) c&le/icks to ! numb] ( fifty 9 :i* 7 plac$ wax c&les1 ?irty-six lamps z well hung f ! b\ghs40 ,paul9us also speaks ( hang+ c&elabra at ,nola 8) bran*es l a v9e be>+ little glass cups :i* resembl$ burn+ fruit2 :5 !y 7 light$ x 0 l ! sudd5 bur/ into life ( spr+ fl[]s40 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bb4--;,c&le/icks4 ,besides all ^! oil lamps !re w\ld h be5 a great numb] ( /&+ c&le/icks 9 ! sanctu>y4 ,! ,anonym\s speaks ( "s ! height ( a man4 ,"o con/ant type is repres5t$ 9 ,fig4 #ba2 ?is is inlaid 9 "m-(-pe>l on ! apse walls at ,p>5zo1 & is ( ,ju/9ian's "t4 ,fig4 #bb %[s two o!rs f ! ,m5ologium4 ,wax c&les1 :i* are frequ5tly m5tion$1 7 patt]n$ & col\r$4 ,! miracle ( ! mov+ cross ( lights m5tion$ by ,an?ony rem9ds u ( a rem>kable cu/om 9 reg>d to ! great coronas ( lights 9 ,byzant9e *ur*es :i* is obs]v$ on ,m\nt ,a?os1 & also at ,s9ai1 & is probably anci5t4 ,a "p ( ! great fe/ival s]vice at ,vatop$i consi/s 9 s++ ! ,polyeleos4 8,:5 ! la/ ( ! multitude ( c&les _h be5 light$ 9 ! great coronas "u ! domes1 ! monks fet*$ long poles1 ) :i* !y pu%$ out ! c&elabra to ! full ext5t t _! susp5d+ *a9s p]mitt$ & !n let !m g1 ! result be+ t 9 a few m9utes ! :ole *ur* 0 fill$ ) sl[ly sw++ lights40#aii ,! me?od ( light+ describ$ by ! ,sil5ti>y has n *ang$ 9 ! un*ang+ ,ea/4 ,s4 ,sophia is /ill light$ by a myriad little lamps arrang$ 9 r[s1 or susp5d$ 9 circles4 ,! s+le lamp is a small glass vessel ( oil on :i* floats ! wick2 ! two typical =ms be+ l a b[l or an elongat$ tumbl]4 ,^! cups are hung by ?ree *a9s1 or ins]t$ 9 a r+1 at ! end ( a metal arm1 project+ f ! wall or f ! rim ( a susp5d$ circle4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bc4--;,hang+ ,rods = ,lamps 9 ,s4 ,sophia until #ahej4 ,up to ! "t ( ,fossati's re/oration !re 0 an imm5se polygon ( probably "s sixty feet diamet] ( iron rods susp5d$ f ! dome4 ,grelot#bjj describ$ x 9 #afhj z a l>ge circle ( iron rods hang+ d[n to )9 eight or t5 feet ( ! pavem5t & hav+ fix$ to x 8a prodigi\s numb] ( lamps1 o/ri* eggs1 & o!r baubles40 ,9 ! mosque ( ,a*met1 sev]al r+s are b\nd toge!r by /raight rods1 mak+ ov]head a geometrical arrangem5t ( b>s1 f :i* ! lamps are susp5d$2 al?\gh ^! are all ,turki%1 ! sy/em rema9$ f ,byzant9e times4 ,fig4 #bc is re-drawn f ,fossati4 7,aya ,sophia1 ,con/ant9ople1 #aheb47 ,"o ( ! mo/ beautiful me?ods is t ( susp5d+ ! lamps to long /raight iron b>s runn+ ! :ole l5g? ( ! build+ z at ,s4 ,john ,/udius4 ,9 ! mosque ( ,damascus1 be=e ! rec5t fire1 !re 7 hang+ assemblages ( circles "o above ano!r some:at simil> we may suppose to ! trees ( ! poet4 ,at ,salonica a network ( lamps :i* hangs almo/ l a curta9 be=e ! bema ( ,s4 ,demetrius may illu/rate ! 8nets0 if nets !re 74 ,dur+ ,ramazan fe/oons ( lamps are hung f m9>et to m9>et arrang$ 9 inscriptions2 9 #afgf ,dr4 ,covel ( ,cambridge saw illum9ations be=e ! ,sultan at ,adrianople :i* repres5t$ 8ca/les1 mosques1 peacocks1 ,turki% writ+s1 c41 extremely pleasant & wond]ful to behold40 ,^! 7 =m$ by lamps hung to light frames2 ! me?od 0 probably d]iv$ f ,byzant9e illum9ations su* z ! fireworks m5tion$ z be+ exhibit$ 9 ! ,hippodrome4 ,! f\r m>ble pill>s t /& up out ( ! p>apet at ! we/]n gall]y ( ,s4 ,sophia 7,fig4 #da7 mu/ always h c>ri$ lights on metal bran*es at ! top1 mu* z at pres5t2 & ! long metal /akes ) hook ends1 t project f ! fir/ cornice at ! angles ( ! ex$ras1 & f :i* *&eli]s hang1 are possibly orig9al 9 "s cases4 ,! multiplication ( small lights is ! mo/ brilliant sy/em ( illum9ation1 = n only is !re light ev]y:]e b flame1 & h5ce no %ad[s4 ,:oev] sees ! great *ur* light$ = ! solemn s]vices ( ,ramazan1 :51 accord+ to ,fossati1 8six ?\s& lamps are susp5d$ at v>i\s heights10 may imag9e ! spl5d\r ( ! light$ int]ior 9 ,byzant9e times4 ,:51 aft] "o ( ! s]vices1 ! lamplight]s walk$ r\nd & ext+ui%$ ! lamps ) a :isk f long fan-%ap$ brooms1 we saw ! ne$ ( ! passages above ! diff]5t cornices2 & leav+ ,con/ant9ople "o ,april ev5+1 z we sl[ly w\nd r\nd ! po9t1 :ile ! circle ( w9d[s 9 ! light$ dome seem$ to hang above ! city1 we realis$ t x 0 no idle say+ ( ! poet's t ! m>9] guid$ 8 lad5 vessel 8by ! div9e light ( ! *ur* itself40 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,lat] ,,hi/ory ,,& ,,leg5ds #a4 ,,hi/ory4 ,f ! date ( ! completion ( ,ju/9ian's re/or$ *ur* x has _h to )/& ! frequ5t e>?quake %ocks :i*1 z we h s rec5tly se51 deva/ate ! city f "t to "t4 ,von ,hamm]#bja calculates1 f ! acc\nts ( ! ,byzant9e hi/orians1 t f ! beg9n+ ( ! sev5? to ! middle ( ! fifte5? c5tury !re 7 tw5ty-?ree sev]e e>?quakes1 "o ( :i*1 9 #ajcc1 la/$ int]mitt5tly = #adj days4 ,9 ! ,turki% records1 f #aeaa to #agfe1 t5 e>?quakes are m5tion$4 ,x is rem>kable t 9 ?is l5g? ( "t ! delicately pois$ con/ruction ( ! *ur* %\ld only h requir$ re/orations :i* are relatively unimportant4 ,x is difficult to say h[ f> ! *ur* suff]$ dur+ ! /ruggles ab\t image wor%ip1 :i* rag$ = m ?an a c5tury4 ,! "q w be consid]$ m fully :5 we deal ) ! mosaics ( ! vaults4 ,! re/oration ( images 0 f9ally accompli%$ 9 #hdb1bjb by ,!odora & ,mi*ael4 ,a belfry 0 built 9 ! c5tre ( ! we/ front ab\t ! ye> #hfe3bjc & ! ea/]n walk ( ! atrium 0 probably trans=m$ into an exon>!x at ! same "t4 ,! fir/ regul> re/oration 0 also und]tak5 9 ! second half ( ! n9? c5tury1 "u ,basil ! ,mac$onian3 8,= ! wide & l(ty we/]n ar* ( ! great *ur* call$ ,s4 ,sophia 0 %[+ r5ts & ?reat5+ to fall4 ,) ! help ( ! workm5 he gird$ x r\nd & rebuilt x1 s t x 0 safe & /rong4 ,& on x he figur$ ! ,virg9 ) h] ,*ild on h] arms1 & ,pet] & ,paul1 ! *ief ( ! apo/les1 on ei!r side40#bjd ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bd4--,plans ( ,additions to ,we/ ,end4 ,a & ,c ,nor? & ,s\? ,por*es2 ,b ,belfry4 ,! nor? & s\? por*es & great lat]al /airways1 :i* injuri\sly alt]$ ! ext]ior1 mu/ also h be5 built by ,mi*ael or ,basil1 z we f9d !m m5tion$ 9 ! ,book ( ,c]emonies4 ,9 ,octob] #ige an e>?quake caus$ ! 8hemisph]e ) ! we/]n ar* 7apsis7 to fall40#bje ,!y 7 re/or$ aga9 by ! same emp]or 9 six ye>s3 he sp5t1 ,scylitzes says1 8on ! ma*9es = m\nt+ = ! workm5 to /& on1 & = rais+ ! scaffold+1 to build :at 0 fall52 t5 c5t5>ia ( gold40#bjf ,accord+ to ,glycas1 ,romanus ,argyrus 7#ajbh7 beautifi$ ! capitals2 ,scylitzes also says ?is emp]or 8made bright ) silv] & gold bo? ! capitals ( ! great *ur* & ( our ,lady ( ,bla*]nae40#bjg ,! injuries wr\ght by ! ,crusad]s to ,s4 ,sophia are ref]r$ to 9 ,*apt] ,v4 ,baldw9 0 cr[n$ "h 9 #abjd1 & = fifty-sev5 ye>s ,ca?olic prie/s read masses at its alt>4 ,on ! recapture ! ,byzant9e emp]ors made an ef=t to re/ore1 b ! *ur* nev] recov]$ its =m] spl5d\r4 ,! patri>* ,ars5ius dur+ ! reign ( ,mi*ael ,palaeologus 8re/or$ ! bema & ambo & solea at ! k+'s exp5se1 besides enri*+ ! *ur* ) ve/m5ts & sacr$ vessels40#bjh ,9 ! fir/ half ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 ,&ronicus ,palaeologus1 ! eld]1 /r5g!n$ ! nor? & ea/ sides4 ,nicephorus ,gregoras says ! emp]or 8he>d f sev]al exp]i5c$ build]s t 9 a %ort "t ! p>ts t[>ds ! nor? & ea/ w\ld give way1 & fall unless /r5g!n$4 ,& he built pyramidal /ructures f ! f\ndations & prev5t$ ! ?reat5$ de/ruction10 b bricks & mosaic cont9u$ to fall4#bji ,! pyramidal /ructures to ! ea/ mu/ be ! f\r great slop+ buttresses :i* /& ov] ! l[ atta*$ build+s on t side2 !y are %[n on ,fossati's plan4 ,gregoras also inveighs aga9/ ! ,empress ,anna z hav+1 9 ! reign ( ,cantacuz5us1 robb$ ! *ur* ( furniture & ornam5ts1 & says t tyranny & oppression 7 ! *ief causes ( ! de/ruction ( ! *ur*4 ,cantacuz5us1 9 8 own hi/ory1#baj speaks ( ! damage caus$ by an e>?quake 9 #acdf1 :5 ab\t a ?ird ( ! ro( fell1 de/roy+ 8! great /oa by ! side ( ! bema0 7p]haps ! icono/asis74 ,?is is also ref]r$ to by ,gregoras1 8! ea/]nmo/ ( ! f\r ar*es :i* rival heav5 fell1 dragg+ ) x ! "p ( ! h\se :i* re/$ on x4 ,! hidd5 beauty ( ! bema 0 de/roy$ z well z its ornam5ts ( sacr$ icons40#baa ,! /oa & bema 7 re/or$ by ! ,empress ,anna1 ! wife ( ,&ronicus ,palaeologus1 ,phaceolatus be+ prefect ( ! works1 b ! upp] p>ts ) ! ro( _h to wait until ! accession ( ,cantacuz5us 9 #acdg4 ,he re/or$ ! decoration bo? 9 m>ble & mosaic1 a "w :i* ,john ,palaeologus f9i%$4 ,bo? emp]ors 7 help$ 8by "o ,a/ras1 9 _m ?+s a clev] man1 b especially 9 build+1 & by ,john1 surnam$ ,p]alta1 "o ( ! ,lat9 subjects ( ! emp]or40#bab ,! *ur* 0 necess>ily mu* neglect$ 9 ! la/ days ( ! ,empire4 ,clavijo1 :o gave a c>eful acc\nt ( ! *ur* 9 #adjc 7see ,*apt] ,,ix471 says 8! out] gates by :i* ! *ur* 0 approa*$ 7 brok5 & fall540 ,he notes t 8! ,greeks d n call ,con/ant9ople z we "n x1 b speak ( x z ,escomboli40 ,?is cle>ly proves t ! d]ivation ( ! ,turki% "n ,i/ambul f 1 8to ! city10 is correct4#bac ,! ,flor5t9e ,bondelmontius1 :o 0 !re 9 #adbb1 says t 8only ! dome ( ! *ur* rema9$1 z ev]y?+ is fall5 d[n & 9 ru9s40 ,?is exagg]ation is probably expla9$ by a /ory giv5 by ! ,*evali] ,b]tr&on de la ,brocquire1 :o visit$ ! city elev5 ye>s lat]1 9 ! c\rse ( 8 rem>kable ride f ,damascus to ,dijon along ! r\te ( ! pres5t ,ori5tal express4 ,he att5d$ s]vice 9 ! *ur*1 & writes3--8,!re ! patri>* resides1 ) o!rs ( ! rank ( canons4 ,x is situat$ ne> ! ea/]n po9t1 is ( a circul> %ape1 & =m$ ( ?ree diff]5t p>ts1 "o subt]ranean1 ano!r above ! gr\nd1 & a ?ird ov] t4 ,=m]ly x 0 surr\nd$ by cloi/]s1 & 01 x 0 said1 ?ree miles 9 circumf]5ce4#bad ,x is n[ ( small] ext5t1 & only ?ree cloi/]s rema91 all pav$ & inlaid ) squ>es ( :ite m>ble1 & ornam5t$ ) l>ge columns ( v>i\s col\rs4 ,! gates are rem>kable = _! bread? & height1 & are ( bronze40#bae ,! visit ( ! ,*evali] ,b]tr&on br+s u )9 tw5ty ye>s ( ! fall ( ! great city4 ,! incid5ts ( ! lat] ye>s ( ! empire1 ! va9 ef=ts to get help f ,europe1 & ! s*emes = unit+ ! ,greek & ,lat9 *ur*es1 are describ$ by ,*$omil ,mijatovi*4#baf ,9 ! ye> be=e ! ,fall ! negotiations ) ! ,we/ _h proce$$ s f>1 t1 on ! #ab? ( ,decemb] #adeb1 a ,te ,deum aft] ! ,lat9 rite 0 sung by ,c>d9al ,isidore 9 ,s4 ,sophia1 b ?is did n meet ) fav\r f ! populace4 ,ducas speaks ( ! *ur* aft] t "t z be+ no?+ bett] ?an a ,jewi% synagogue or hea!n temple4 ,five mon?s lat]1 on ! #bh? ( ,may #adec1 ! la/ ,*ri/ian s]vice 0 held )9 its walls4 ,at ! vesp] s]vice on t solemn ev5+1 ! emp]or1 aft] pray+ ) great f]v\r1 left 8 imp]ial *air1 &1 approa*+ ! icono/asis1 pro/rat$ himself be=e ! figures ( ,*ri/ & ! ,madonna on ei!r side ( ! great c5tral door4 ,he !n ask$ = p>don f any :om he might h (f5d$1 & ! ritual proce$$4 ,on ! morr[ at ! fir/ capture ( ! city ! ,janiss>ies ru%$ to ! great *ur*1 :i* !y conceiv$ 0 fill$ ) gold1 silv]1 & preci\s /ones4 ,!y f\nd ! doors fa/5$1 b broke !m op51 & at once began to pillage4 ,! sultan z soon z possible rode to ,s4 ,sophia4 ,dism\nt+ on ! ?re%old1 ) ! my/ic symbolism ( an ,ori5tal1 he /oop$ d[n1 &1 collect+ "s e>?1 let x fall on 8 turban$ head1 z an act ( humiliation4 ,!n he ent]$ ! edifice1 b /opp$ 9 ! doorway "s mom5ts1 & gaz$ 9 sil5ce be=e him4 8,he saw a ,turk break+ ! floor ) an axe4 #8,:]e=e do/ ?\ t8' inquir$ ! conqu]or4 #8,= ! fai?1' repli$ ! soldi]4 ,mahomet 9 an impulse ( ang] /ruck him1 say+1 #8,ye h got en\gh by pillag+1 & enslav+ ! city1 ! build+s are m9e4'0 ,a lett] to ,pope ,ni*olas ,v41 writt5 9 #adec1 describes h[ 8! pr(ane hea!n broke into ! m>vell\s temple ( ,s4 ,sophia1 unsurpass$ by ,solomon's2 !y rev]5c$ n ! sacr$ images1 nay1 r broke !m 9 pieces2 !y put out ! eyes ( ! prie/s1 scatt]$ ! relics ( ! sa9ts1 & seiz$ on ! gold & silv]40#bag ,ducas1 :o di$ elev5 ye>s aft] ! ,fall1 bewails 8! ,great ,*ur*1 a new ,sion :i* has n[ become an alt> ( ! hea!n1 & is call$ ! h\se ( ,mahomet40 8,! dogs hew$ d[n ! holy ikons1 tore (f ! ornam5ts1 ! *a9s1 ! napk9s1 & ! cov]+s ( ! holy table4 ,"s ( ! lamps !y de/roy$1 & o!rs !y c>ri$ away4 ,!y /ole ! sacr$ vessels f ! skeuophylakium4 ,ev]y?+ made ( silv] & gold or o!r preci\s mat]ials 0 tak5 away1 & ! *ur* 0 left nak$ & desolate z x _h nev] be5 be=e40 ,) ! exception ( ! removal ( mu* ( ! treasure1 ! *ur* did n imm$iately suff] great h>m f its new ma/]s4 ,on ! outside h[ev] ! de/ruction ( _m ( ! l[ atta*$ *amb]s1 & ! addition ( ! m9>ets1 h v mu* *ang$ its appe>ance4 ,! fir/ m9>et1 :i* 0 inde$ ! fir/ 9 ,con/ant9ople1 0 built at ! s\?-ea/ corn] by ,mahomet ! ,conqu]or4 ,selim ,,ii41 :o reign$ f #aeff to #aegd1 built ! second at ! nor?-ea/ corn]1 & also re/or$ ! ea/]n apse :i* _h be5 aga9 damag$ by an e>?quake3 ,amura? ,,iii4 erect$ ! la/ two m9>ets at ! we/]n corn]s4#bah 8,! description ( ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,sophia z x n[ appe>s10 :i* =ms "o ( ! *apt]s 9 ,gyllius' 7 #aeee7 ,topography ( ,con/ant9ople1 describes ! *ur* be=e ! addition ( ^! ?ree la/ m9>ets4 ,x is int]e/+ to note t he rem>ks h[ little ! build+ _h be5 alt]$1 8& x is despoil$ ( no?+1 except a little ( ! metal "w mosaic8 :i* %[s itself 9 great abundance ?r\gh ! :ole *ur*4 ,! ,sanctum ,sanctorum1 =m]ly holy & unpollut$1 into :i* ! prie/s only 7 suff]$ to ent]1 is /ill /&+1 ?\gh !re is no?+ rema9+ ( ! jewels & preci\s /ones :i* adorn$ x1 ^! hav+ be5 plund]$ by its sacrilegi\s enemies40 ,?is is lat] support$ by ,grelot1#bai :o writes1 8,x is decorat$ ) ev]y?+ t human indu/ry & skill c\ld devise to r5d] ! "w absolutely p]fect4444 ,i say no?+ ab\t ! beautiful pictures1 ! faces ( :i* h be5 de/roy$ by ! ,turks40 ,x is cle> f ,t\rne=t 7#agjb7 & ,lady ,m>y ,montagu 7#agag7 t ! mosaics 7 n :olly oblit]at$2 ! latt] writes1 8! figures 7 9 no o!r way defac$ b by ! decays ( "t3 = x is absolutely false t ! ,turks defac$ all ! images !y f\nd 9 ! city40 ,on ! o!r h&1 an ,italian ,,ms4 description ( ,s4 ,sophia 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 writt5 9 #afaa1 says1 8,! ,turks took away all ! beautiful "w & cov]$ ev]y?+ ) :itewa%40#bbj ,x is evid5t f ,dr4 ,covel's ,,ms41 quot$ lat]1 t mu* 0 de/roy$1 defac$1 & pla/]$ ov]4 ,dr4 ,wal% tells u t "o ( ! small] vaults fell 9 ab\t #ahbj1 scatt]+ its mosaic ov] ! floor4 #b4 ,,! ,,anonym\s ,,acc\nt4 ,we mu/ n[ exam9e ! description ( ! *ur* by ! writ] g5]ally call$ ! ,anonym\s ( ,combefis 7o!rwise ( ,b&uri or ,lambecius74 ,cod9us1 :o is believ$ to h di$ soon aft] ! capture ( ,con/ant9ople by ! ,turks1 has s closely copi$ ! ,anonym\s t ! acc\nts diff] only 9 a few m9or p>ticul>s4 ,combefis says t ! text ( ! ,anonym\s 0 collat$ by ,lambecius1 8:o produc$ x f ! royal ar*ives0 ) ! ,*ronography ( ! ,logo!tae1 a t5?-c5tury "w to :i* ! same acc\nt is add$ z a sep>ate treatise4 ,lab>te h[ev] consid]s t x 0 writt5 9 ! elev5? c5tury3 ,*oisy assigns x to ! f\rte5?1 a view ) :i* we are incl9$ to agree2 b 9 any case we _c ?9k x e>li] ?an ! twelf? c5tury4 ,! description by ,paulus is s precisely accurate :]e we c--z is s l>gely ! case--*eck x by ! exi/+ "w1 t !re _c be a d\bt ( 8 entire accuracy4 ,) ! ,anonym\s ?is is n s2 & x mu/ fir/ ( all be borne 9 m9d t he pr(esses n to write ( ! *ur* z he saw x1 b to celebrate its spl5d\r :5 fir/ complet$ by ,ju/9ian2 9 ?is 8 acc\nt diff]s entirely f ! ,sil5ti>y's1 :i* !re is no sign to %[ t he _h ev] read4 ,! ,anonym\s has be5 v l>gely us$ by s*ol>s ( ! ability ( ,lab>te & ,bayet1 b we believe him to be entirely unreliable :]e he speaks ( ! =m] /ate ( ! *ur*4 ,he simply ga!rs ! leg5ds :i* _h gr[n up1 because facts 7 =gott51 & enum]ates ! relics4 8,! great *ur*1#bba kn[n z ,s4 ,sophia =m]ly a place ( hea!n wor%ip--,cod9us1 0 fir/ built ( an oblong 7dromica7 =m1 l ^? ( ,s4 ,&ronicus & ,s4 ,acacius4 ,on its completion x 0 adorn$ ) _m /atues4 ,?is build+ la/$ sev5ty-f\r ye>s4 ,b 9 ! reign ( ,!odosius ! ,great1 at ! "t ( ! second synod ( ,con/ant9ople1 an ,arian upro> arose1 dur+ :i* ! ro( ( ! *ur* 0 de/roy$ by fire4 ,! mo/ holy patri>* ,nect>ius took up 8 (fice at ,s4 ,ir5e1 a *ur* :i* 0 also built by ,con/ant9e4 ,!n = two ,cod9us & ,glycas say sixte5 ye>s ,s4 ,sophia 0 )\t a ro(1 until ,!odosius1 ) ,ruf9us z 8 ma/] workman 7magi/ros71 cov]$ x ) cyl9drical vaults4 ,aft] ?is x rema9$ unhurt = ?irty-n9e ye>s1 mak+ altoge!r eighty-five ye>s 7sic7 f ! "t ( ,con/ant9e1 until ! fif? ye> ( ,ju/9ian's reign4 ,?is 0 aft] ! massacre 9 ! ,circus1 9 :i* ?irty-five ?\s& m5 7 kill$1 :5 a faction elect$ ,hypatius emp]or4 ,h[ev]1 9 ! fif? ye> ( ,ju/9ian's reign1 ! ,mo/ ,high ,god put x into 8 m9d t he %\ld build a temple to surpass all t _h ev] be5 built f ! "t ( ,adam4 8,he wrote !re=e to ! /rategi1 top>*s1 judges1 & satraps ( ! diff]5t prov9ces1 t ) all zeal !y %\ld look = mat]ials--columns1 pi]s1 panels1 & lattice-doors--ev]y?+ 9 fact t w\ld be useful = build+4 ,obey+ ! emp]or's lett]1 !y quickly s5t all t c\ld be f\nd f ! %r9es ( ! pagan idols1 f ba?s1 & private h\ses1 f e prov9ce ( ea/1 we/1 nor?1 & s\?1 & f all ! isl&s4 8,eight porphyry columns f ,rome1 :i*1 accord+ to ,plut>*1 ,ju/9ian's secret>y1 a wid[ ,m>cia _h receiv$ z d[ry1 7 transmitt$ to ,con/ant9ople4 ,!y _h =m]ly /ood 9 a temple ( ! ,sun built by ,val]ian1 :o surr5d]$ himself to ! ,p]sians4 ,eight o!rs ( gre51 ( m>vell\s beauty1 7 qu>ri$ & s5t f ,ephesus by ! praetor ,con/ant9e4 ,! ,m>cia1 :om ,i h j m5tion$1 wrote to ! emp]or z foll[s3 #8,i s5d !e1 ma/]1 eight columns f ,rome ( equal l5g? & size1 & ! same weight1 = ! safety ( my s\l4' 8,( ! o!r columns "s 7 br\ght f ,cyzicus1 "s f ! ,troad1 o!rs f ! ,cyclades & ,a!ns4 ,& :5 suffici5t 0 collect$ = ! "w sev5 & a half ye>s _h be5 sp5t4 ,!n 9 ! twelf? ye> ( ,ju/9ian's reign1 ! *ur* built by ,con/ant9e 0 de/roy$ ) ! f\ndations2 ! old mat]ials 7 put aside1 z a suffici5t am\nt ( fre% _h be5 prep>$2 & ,ju/9ian began to buy up ! neighb\r+ h\ses4 ,! fir/ ( ^! 0 "o belong+ to a wid[ nam$ ,anna1 ( :i* ! price 0 e/imat$ at eighty-five librae4 ,%e 0 h[ev] unwill+ to sell x to ! emp]or1 & refus$ to give x up "u five hundr$ librae2 nor did ! emp]or ga9 8 purpose by s5d+ ! nobles ( ! c\rt to w9 h] ov]4 ,he f9ally w5t himself & begg$ h] to sell h] h\se at any price4 ,b :5 %e saw him z a suppliant1 %e fell at 8 feet1 say+1 #8,"l & ,k+1 ,i c accept no moneys = my h\se f !e2 ,i ask only t ,i may obta9 rew>d 9 ! day ( judgm5t1 & t ,i may be buri$ 9 a tomb ne> ! future *ur*1 s t ! memory ( my gift may live = ev]4' ,! emp]or promis$ t :5 ! *ur* 0 f9i%$ %e %\ld be buri$ !re1 = ! l& :i* %e _h giv5 up1 t ! memory ( x might live = ev]4 ,! "p :i* %e gave to ! great *ur* is t n[ occupi$ by ! skeuophylakium1 & ! *apel 7naos7 ( ,s4 ,pet]4 8,!n ! "p :i* is occupi$ by ! ,holy ,well1 & all ab\t ! ?ysia/]ium1 & ! place ( ! ambo1 & ! middle ( ! nave1 0 ! h\se ( a c]ta9 eunu*1 ,antio*us1 :i* 0 valu$ at ?irty-eight librae4 ,he 0 (f5d$ because ! emp]or _h n (f]$ him a prop] price = x4 ,n[ ! emp]or 0 mu* di/ress$1 wond]+ :at to d4 ,b ! ,magi/] ,/rategius--a gu>dian ( ! treasures1 ! adopt$ bro!r ( ! emp]or--promis$ t ! emp]or %\ld ga9 8 po9t by a little guile1 & t ! o!r %\ld sell 8 h\se4 ,n[ ?is ,antio*us 0 an eag] frequ5t] ( ! ,circus1 & especially fav\r$ ! blue faction4 ,:5 ! games 7 ab\t to be giv51 he 0 arre/$ & imprison$ 9 ! ,praetorian prison4 ,!n ,antio*us call$ out f ! prison t if he c\ld only witness ! games he w\ld d :atev] ! emp]or wi%$4 ,he 0 !n l$ by ! emp]or's ord]s to 8 empty seat1 & made to sell 8 h\se be=e ! games comm5c$1 ! ,quae/or & ! :ole ,s5ate be+ witness4 ,n[ !re us$ to be ! cu/om1 t z soon z ! emp]or asc5d$ to 8 seat ! *>iote]s %\ld beg91 b because !y /opp$ !n1 until ! eunu* _h accompli%$ 8 de$ ( sale1 ev5 to ! pres5t day ! *>iots = ! races are accu/om$ to ent] at a sl[ trot4 8,! :ole ( ! "r-h& "p ( ! ,gynaeceum#bbb up to ! column ( ,s4 ,basil1 & "s portion ( ! nave1 0 ! h\se ( an eunu*1 ,*>iton1 nicknam$ ,*5opolus1 :o sold x z a fav\r = d\ble its value1 :i* 0 twelve librae4 8,! left "p ( ! ,gynaeceum#bbb up to ! column ( ,s4 ,gregory ,?aumaturgus 0 ! h\se ( "o ,x5ophon1 a cobbl]4 ,:5 !y want$ to buy ?is h\se1 besides ask+ twice ! value1 :i* 0 f\rte5 librae1 he also dem&$ t1 on ! day ( ! games1 ! f\r *>iote]s ( ! f\r factions %\ld d obeisance to him z well z to ! emp]or4 ,! emp]or decre$ t x %\ld be done z he _h ask$1 b made him a laugh+-/ock = ev]4 ,= on ! day ( ! games he 0 set midway 9 ! b\nd>ies1 s t ! *>iote]s1 by way ( joke1 b[$ to 8 back be=e beg9n+ _! c\rses1 & s x is /ill done1 & ! man is /yl$ #8,*ief ( ^? bel[4' ,he we>s a :ite *lamys1 wov5 ) byssus4 8,on ! area ( ! naos1 ! f\r n>!ces1 ! l\t]1 & ! p>ts adjac5t1 0 ! h\se ( ,damianus1 a noble ( ,seleucia1 ! value ( :i* he e/imat$ at n9ety librae1 & gladly gave to ! emp]or4 8,n[ ,ju/9ian1 :5 he _h measur$ out ! site1 & f\nd a /one to act z c5tre1 f ! ?ysia/]ium z f> z ! l[] we/]n apse1 laid ! f\ndations ( ! great dome 9 circle-wise4 ,n[ f ! apses "r away to ! mo/ outside n>!x1 ! f\ndations 7 laid 9 m>%y & spongy gr\nd4 ,& :5 x _h be5 begun1 he urg$ ,euty*ius ! patri>* to (f] up pray]s to ,god = its safe build+1 & !n1 tak+ ) 8 own h&s lime & /one1 giv+ ?anks to ,god1 he himself laid ! fir/ /one 9 its place4 ,n[ be=e ! *ur* 0 built he con/ruct$ ! oratory ( ,s4 ,john ! ,precursor ) a gilt vault1 & v>i\s ornam5tations ( preci\s /ones4 ,?is is g5]ally call$ ! ,bapti/]y1 & is situat$ ne> ! ,horologium4 ,he built at ! same "t ! adjac5t portion ( ! ,metatorium1 t he might frequ5tly re/ !re ) 8 c\rt1 & refre% himself ) food4 ,!n also he built ! :ole ( ! portico1 :i* leads f ! palace up to ! ,great ,*ur*1 s t1 z (t5 z he lik$1 he might cross ov] & devote 8 "t to ! build+1 )\t be+ se5 by any "o4 ,!re 7 "o hundr$ ma/] workm51 & ea* _h a b& ( a hundr$ m5 "u him1 mak+ t5 ?\s& m5 altoge!r4 ,fifty b&s took "o side1 & fifty ! o!r2 & by ! emulation betwe5 !m1 ! "w quickly progress$4 8,! =m ( ! *ur* 0 %[n to ! emp]or 9 a dream by an angel4 ,& ! fir/ ,devis] 7me*anikos7 ( ! build]s 0 skilful & full ( s\nd wisdom1 & well v]s$ 9 build+ *ur*es4 ,b>ley 0 put into cook+ pots1 & its decoction1 in/ead ( wat]1 0 m+l$ ) unslak$ lime 7asbe/os7 & tiles cru%$4 ,! mixture1 :5 w>m1 became visc\s & /icky4 ,at ! same "t !y cut slips (f will[ trees1 :i* 7 ca/ into ! cook+ pots ) ! b>ley2 !y !n made solid masses1 hav+ a l5g? ( ov] fifty feet1 & fifty feet broad1 & tw5ty feet deep1 & plac$ !m 9 ! f\ndations4 ,!y 7 put !re1 n hot1 nor yet q cold1 t s !y might b9d bett]1 & above ^! masses !y plac$ l>ge squ>e /ones4 8,:5 ! f\ndations _h aris5 f ! e>? two cubits1 !y _h sp5t f\r hundr$ & fifty-two mili>isia ( gold4 ,money 0 br\ght daily f ! palace1 & plac$ 9 ! ,horologium1 & ea* ( ^? :o c>ri$ /one receiv$ a piece ( silv]1 le/ any slackness %\ld come ^u !m1 or !y %\ld be tempt$ to compla94 ,"s ( !m1 :5 c>ry+ /one1 gave way "u ! weight1 & fell head =emo/ & 7 hurt4 ,/rategius1 :om ,i h m5tion$1 di/ribut$ ! wages3 he 0 a ,c\nt ( ! royal treasury1 & fo/]-bro!r ( ,ju/9ian4 8,n[ :5 ! pi]s 7p9soi7 _h be5 f9i%$1 & ! great columns1 bo? ^? f ,rome & ! gre5 ones1 _h be5 put 9 _! position1 ! emp]or left 8 noonday sleep & devot$ himself to ! "w1 & inspect$1 ) ,troilus1 a c\nt ( ! h\sehold1 all ! poli%]s 7li?oxooi71 /onecutt]s 7laotomoi71 c>p5t]s 7tektonikoi71 & lab\r]s 7oikodomoi71 promis+ !m ea* week a nummus m1 or z mu* z ea* might ask1 above _! fix$ wages4 ,he us$ to come to see h[ ! "w 0 proce$+1 clad 9 a :ite l95 g>m5t1 8 head cov]$ ) a k]*ief1 & hold+ a /ick 9 8 h&4 8,& :5 !y _h rais$ ! vaults 7apsides7 ( ! upp] floor1 ^? on ! "r & on ! left1 & _h cov]$ ov] ^! vaults1 ! emp]or decre$ t no mili>isia %\ld be c>ri$ f ! palace on ,sundays4 ,n[ x 0 ! ?ird h\r ( ! day1 & ,/rategius ord]$ ! m5 to g to _! d9n]s4 ,z ,ignatius1 ! fir/ me*anikos ( ! build]s :om ,i h m5tion$ above1 came d[n1 he left 8 son on ! "r-h& side ( ! upp] floor1 :]e he _h be5 work+1 ) /rict ord]s to wat* ! workm5's tools4 ,he 0 a boy ( ab\t f\rte54 ,z he 0 sitt+ !re1 a eunu*1 clad 9 %9+ g>m5ts1 & fair to look ^u1 l "o s5t f ! palace1 appe>$ to him & said1 #8,:at is ! reason :y ! workm5 d n quickly f9i% ! "w ( ,god1 b h left x & gone to eat8' ,to him ! boy answ]$1 #8,at ! e>lie/ h\r1 my "l1 !y w be "h4' ,b he cri$1 #8,g quickly & br+ !m4' ,:5 ! boy said t he 0 n to leave1 le/ ! tools %\ld disappe>1 ! eunu* said1 #8,g quickly & summon !m "h1 = ,i swe> to !e1 my son1 by ! ,holy ,wisdom1 ^: temple is n[ be+ built1 ,i w n dep>t1 s9ce1 by ! comm& ( ! ,^w ( ,god1 ,i am to m9i/] & gu>d "h until y return4' ,:5 he he>d ?is1 ! boy quickly set out1 leav+ ! angel ( ,god z gu>d4 ,& :5 he _h got d[n1 & gone to 8 fa!r & ! re/1 he relat$ ev]y?+ 9 ord]2 !n ! fa!r took 8 son & l$ him to ! emp]or's table4 ,= ! emp]or 0 !n d9+ 9 ! oratory ( ,/4 ,john ! ,precursor1 by ! ,horologium4 ,:5 he he>d ! /ory1 he summon$ all 8 eunu*s1 & %[$ ea* 9 turn to ! boy4 ,!n ! boy call+ out t he saw none l ! "o t _h appe>$1 ! emp]or knew t x 0 an angel ( ! ,"l :o _h address$ ! boy1 & ?is 0 made m cle>1 z ! boy said t he 0 clo!d 9 a :ite robe1 8 eyes glitt]+ l fire2 !n ! emp]or prais$ ,god1 say+1 #8,god has accept$ my temple4' ,& z he _h be5 wond]+ :at "n to call x1 he nam$ x ,s4 ,sophia1 accord+ to int]pretation #8,^w ( ,god4' ,& ! emp]or took c\nsel ) himself & said1 #8,i w n all[ ! boy to return1 s t ! angel may gu>d x = ev]1 z he promis$ by 8 oa?4 ,= if ! boy return1 ! angel w dep>t4' ,hav+ consult$ ) ! pr9cipal s5ators & ! bi%ops1 ! emp]or comm&$ t ! boy %\ld n be s5t back to ! temple1 s t1 by ! grace ( ,god1 x %\ld h a gu>dian till ! end ( ! _w4 ,& !n ! emp]or load$ ! boy ) gifts & hon\rs1 &1 ) ! cons5t ( 8 fa!r1 s5t him to ! ,cyclades4 ,n[ ! conv]sation ( ! angel ) ! boy happ5$ on ! "r-h& side ( ! pi] ( ! upp] ar*1 z "o asc5ds t[>ds ! dome4 ,cod9us says1 8ne> ! ,syllagonum10 = ?is x has be5 sugge/$ to read ,syllagoeum1 or 8! place ( ! c\ncil04 8,:5 ! workm5 _h cont9u$ ! "w up to ! second cate*um5a1 & ! upp] columns & ar*es 7 built1 & !y 7 ro(+ ! adjac5t p>ts1 ! emp]or began to be anxi\s = want ( funds4 ,b z he 0 /&+ 9 ! upp] "p ( an ar*1 z !y 7 ab\t to beg9 ! dome1 at ! h\r ( ! ,sabba? j be=e d9n]1 an eunu* appe>$ to him1 clad 9 :ite1 & said1 #8,:y are y di/ress$ = money8 ,to-morr[ bid "s ( y\r nobles to come1 & !y %all h z mu* gold z !y wi%4' ,on ! foll[+ day ! eunu* came & %[$ himself to ! emp]or4 ,! emp]or s5t to foll[ him ,/rategius1 & ,basilides ! quae/or1 & ,!odorus ! patrician1 & ,colocyns :o 0 a praefect1 besides fifty s]vants1 tw5ty mules1 & tw5ty pani]s4 ,) all ^! he m>*$ out ( ! ,gold5 ,gate4 ,& :5 !y _h come to ! ,tribunalium1 !re seem$ to ^? :o 7 s5t to be built !re palaces ( /up5d\s beauty4 ,b :5 !y _h dism\nt$1 ! eunu* bade !m asc5d a wond]ful /air1 & !n1 produc+ a spl5did gold key1 he op5$ ! door ( a room1 &1 z ,/rategius says1 ! :ole floor 0 heap$ ) gold co9s4 ,tak+ a %ovel1 ! eunu* fill$ ea* pani] ) f\r hundr$ p\nds ( gold1 am\nt+ altoge!r to eight ?\s&1 & ) ^! he s5t !m back to ! emp]or2 & hav+ clos$ up ! room ) ! key1 he said to !m1 #8,take ! gold to ! emp]or1 & bid him sp5d x on ! "w4' ,! eunu* left !m !re1 & !y came & %[$ ! emp]or ! gold !y _h receiv$4 ,he 0 a/oni%$1 & ask$ !m :]e !y _h be51 & :]e ! eunu* dwelt4 ,!y told him all 9 ord]1 & h[ ! weal? ( gold 0 spread on ! floor ( ! room4 ,! emp]or hop$ t ! eunu* w\ld return1 b z he 0 disappo9t$ he s5t a slave to ! place4 ,:5 ! slave _h f\nd ! place :]e ! palace _h be51 & saw t !re 7 no h\ses !re1 he return$1 & told all to ! emp]or4 ,he 0 !n a/oni%$1 b und]/&+ h[ x 01 said1 #8,truly ?is is a miracle z all may see2' & he prais$ ,god4 8,n[ :5 !y 7 go+ to build ! ?ysia/]ium & let 9 ! light ?r\gh glass w9d[s1 ! ,devis] 7me*anikos7 sugge/$ t ! apsoid 7muax7 %\ld h "o light4 ,!n he *ang$ 8 m9d1 & sugge/$ t x %\ld h two1 s t x %\ld n be heavy1 because no wood5 ties 7ikriomata7 7 plac$ !re z 9 ! n>!x1 & on ! sides ( ! *ur*4 ,b ! re/ ( ! craftsm5 7 oppos$1 say+ t "o ar* 7kam>a7 w\ld light ! holy place4 ,!n ! *ief build] 7protooikodomos7 0 at a loss :at to d1 because ! emp]or said at "o "t t !re %\ld be "o ar* 7apsis71 & at ano!r "t two4 ,:il/ ! ma/] 7mai/or7 0 ?us pond]+ & anxi\s1 on ! f\r? day1 at ! fif? h\r1 appe>$ an angel ( ! ,"l1 l ! emp]or1 ) royal robes & r$ %oes1 & said to ! craftsman1 #8,i w t !re be a triple light1 & t ! con* be made ) ?ree w9d[s1#bbc 9 ! "n ( ! ,fa!r1 ! ,son1 & ! ,holy ,gho/4' ,he !n disappe>$ quickly4 ,!n ! ma/]1 /ruck ) wond]1 ru%$ to ! palace1 & said to ! emp]or1 #8,y keep n to y\r ^w4 ,until to-day y want$ "o w9d[1 & !n two1 to light ! bema2 b n[1 :5 ! "w is all b f9i%$1 y come to me & say1 ?ree w9d[s %all light ! bema1 z a symbol ( ! ,tr9ity4' ,n[ ! emp]or knew t day t he _h n left ! palace1 & he recognis$ t an angel ( ! ,"l _h spok54 ,he said1 #8,z ,i h bidd5 !e1 s d4' 8,all ! pi]s 7pessoi7 inside & outside 7 made /rong by iron b>s 7mo*loi71 s t !y 7 b\nd toge!r1 & made immovable2 ! jo9ts ( ! pi]s 7 made ) oil & asbe/os2 & ^u !m 0 plac$ a plat+ ( _m m>bles 7or?om>m>osis74 8,! emp]or s5t ,troilus ! ,cubicul>1 ,!dosius ! ,prefect1 & ,basilides ! ,quae/or1 to ,rhodes to h bricks 7besala7 ( ,rhodian clay1 made all equal 9 weight & l5g?1 ) ! words engrav$ on !m1 #8,god is 9 ! mid/ ( h]1 !re=e %all %e n be mov$2 ,god %all help h]1 & t "r e>ly4'#bbd ,& !y s5t bricks ( measur$ sizes to ! emp]or1 twelve ( !m weigh "o ( ours2 = ! clay is light1 spongy1 f9e1 & :ite2 h5ce arose ! common idea t ! dome is built ( pumice /one 7kis]ion72 b ?is is n s1 ?\gh x is light & ( a :ite col\r4 8,?us ! f\r great ar*es 7 built2 & :5 !y _h be5 rais$ to ! level ( ! dome 7tr\los71 on ! completion ( e twelf? c\rse1 pray]s 7 utt]$ = ! *ur*1 & relics ( ! sa9ts built 94 ,?us arose ! build+2 x 0 !n adorn$ ) m>ble & cov]$ ) mosaic4 ,& into ! pi]s1 arcades1 & l>g] columns !y plac$ relics ( ! sa9ts4 ,& :5 ! m>ble plat+ _h be5 f9i%$1 !y appli$ gold to ! m>g9s ( ! slabs1 & to ! capitals ( ! columns4 ,& ! c>v$ "w1 & ! ornam5ts ( ! upp] gall]ies1 bo? ( ! p>ts ) two /ories1 & ) ?ree 7diorophoi & triorophoi71 7 all cov]$ ) pure gold4 ,! ?ickness ( ! gold plat+ 7petalos7 0 two in*es4#bbe 8,b all ! vaults 7orophoi7 ( ! upp] gall]ies1 ( ! p>ts ) two /ories on ! sides1 & ! vault+ ( ! nave1 & ( ! p>ts adjac5t1 & ( ! f\r n>!ces1 he gild$ ) glass mosaic4 ,he gild$ ev5 ! proaulia1 ) _! upp] *amb]s1 & columns1 & m>ble slabs4 8,! floor ( ! nave 0 adorn$ ) v>i\s m>bles1 bo? ) ! ,roman ( a rue-gre5 col\r & o!rs ( a rosy r$2 & ^! 7 all laid d[n & poli%$4 ,! walls outside & all r\nd 7 cov]$ ) l>ge & valuable /ones4 8,! ?ysia/]ium 0 ( %9+ silv]1 ! b>ri] 7/e!a71 & its l>ge columns1 ) ! doors1 7 all ( silv]4 ,all ! silv] 0 dipp$ 9 gold4 ,f\r tables 7 set up 9 ! ?ysia/]ium support$ on columns1 & ^! 7 gilt4 ,! sev5 seats ( ! prie/s1 on :i* !y sat on ei!r side1 ) ! ?rone ( ! patri>*1 & ! f\r columns1 7 all gild$4 ,& x 0 =bidd5 to g up into ! holy place1 ! ,kuklios1 also call$ ! ,holy ( ,holies1 :i* is above ! /eps4 8,he set up also l>ge columns ( silv]-gilt1 & ! lilies ) ! ciborium4 ,& ! ciborium he made ) silv] & niello$ 7arguro5cau/on74 ,above ! ciborium 0 a globe ( solid gold1 weigh+ #aah p\nds1 & gold5 lilies1 weigh+ six p\nds1 & above !m a gold5 cross1 ) mo/ preci\s & r>e /ones1 weigh+ eighty p\nds4 ,su* 0 ! design he made4 8,& z he wi%$ to make ! holy table m beautiful ?an ! re/1 & m preci\s ) gold1 he collect$ num]\s craftsm51 & consult$ ) !m4 ,_! op9ion & advice 0 to ca/ into ! melt+ pot 7*oneut]ion7 gold1 silv]1 /ones ( e k9d1 & pe>ls1 copp]1 electron1 lead1 t91 iron1 glass1 & e o!r metallic sub/ance4 ,& !y gr\nd !m all toge!r & =m$ !m into masses 7olboi71 & p\r$ !m into ! pot2 & :5 x _h be5 melt$1 !y took x f ! fire & p\r$ x out into a m\ld 7tupos74 ,?us ! holy table 0 made4 ,& x 0 !n set up by ! emp]or on solid columns ( gold1 /udd$ ) preci\s /ones4 ,& ! #8sea' 7?alassa7 ( ! holy table 0 ornam5t$ ) gold & preci\s /ones4 ,:o c see ! holy table )\t be+ a/oni%$8 & :o c gaze at x on acc\nt ( ! _m gl9t+ surfaces8 s t at "o "t x all appe>s ( gold1 f ano!r place all ( silv]1 & 9 ano!r ( glitt]+ sapphire2 & altoge!r !re are eighty-two diff]5t col\rs ( metals & /ones & pe>ls4 8,he made also1 above & bel[1 c>v$ ivory doors ov]laid ) gold1 to ! numb] ( #cfe4 ,9 ! fir/ entrance into ! l\t] he made ! doors ( electron2 doors also ( electron 7 9 ! n>!x1 two ( !m small] ?an ! middle "o1 :i* 0 mu* l>g]1 & ( silv] dipp$ 9 gold 7*rusembaphos74 ,! ar*itraves also 7 ov]laid ) gold4 ,?ree or ! doors inside1 in/ead ( be+ made ( new wood1 7 made ( wood f ! ,ark4 ,he wi%$ to make ! pavem5t entirely ( silv] ,cod9us says gold1 b 8 advis]s dissuad$ him1 say+ t 9 ! future poor emp]ors might h x tak5 up4 ,& ^? :o p]suad$ him 7 ,maximian & ,hi]o!us1 ,a!nian philosoph]s & a/ronom]s1 say+ t 9 ! latt] days poor] rul]s w\ld come & take x all away4 ,& foll[+ ^! c\nsels ! ?\ght 0 giv5 up4 ,& e day ! emp]or _h #b1jjj mili>isia put 9 a heap & m+l$ ) e>?2 & :5 "w 0 f9i%$1 9 ! ev5+1 ! craftsm5 dug out ! m\nd & f\nd ! mili>isia1 & ?is ! emp]or did t !y might be eag] = _! "w4 ,& collect+ ! mat]ials1 z 0 said1 took sev5 & a half ye>s4 ,b ! completion ( ! temple1 ev5 ) ! cr[d ( workm5 ,i h m5tion$1 all lab\r+ ) ! greate/ eag]ness1 took n9e ye>s two mon?s4 8,! ambo ) ! solea he pav$ ) s>donyx1 & ins]t$ preci\s /ones2 its columns 7 ( solid gold1 ) c>buncles & cry/als & sapphires2 & he ov]laid ! upp] "p ( ! solea ri*ly ) gold4 ,! ambo _h also a gold5 dome /udd$ ) pe>ls1 ly*nites1 & em]alds4 8,! gold cross ( ! ambo weigh$ #ajj p\nds4 ,x _h also seizae1#bbf & ly*nites1 & 0 embroid]$ ) pe>ls4 ,& ! ambo above _h a hat-%ap$ cov]+ 7petasion71 ^u#bbg supports 7/e!a74 8,! top ( ! ,holy ,well 0 br\ght f ,sam>ia4 ,x 0 consid]$ sacr$1 because ,*ri/ _h sat on x1 & talk$ to ! woman4 ,& ! bronze trumpets1 :i* /& by ! ,holy ,well1 7 br\ght f ,j]i*o2 !y 7 ^? at ^: bla/s by angels ! walls ( ,j]i*o fell d[n4 ,! hon\r$ ,cross1 to-day 9 ! skeuophylakium1 :i* 0 ! measure ( our ,"l's height1 0 eag]ly s\ght = 9 ,j]usalem by ! fai?ful & br\ght hi!r4 ,& = ?is reason !y surr\nd$ x ) silv]1 & all k9ds ( preci\s /ones1 & ov]laid x ) gold4 ,& to ?is day x works heal+ wond]s1 & drives away diseases & demons4 ,& 9 e column ( ! *ur* bo? above & bel[ is plac$ "o sacr$ relic4 8,he made also gold5 vessels = ! twelve solemn fea/s1 accord+ to ! sacr$ ,gospels3 bas9s 7*]niboxeses71 ew]s 7orkioloi71 *alices 7diskopot]ia71 & pat5s 7diskoi72 !y 7 all ( solid gold1 set ) preci\s /ones & pe>ls4 ,& ! numb] ( ! sacr$ vessels 0 #a1jjj2 alt>-clo?s 7endutai71 ) r[s ( jewels1 #cjj2 cr[ns1 #ajj4 ,e fe/al day _h its own *alice cov]+ 7pot]okalumma74 ,!re 7 pat5 cov]s 7diskokalummata7 ( gold1 ) pe>ls & preci\s /ones1 to ! numb] ( #a1jjj2 f\r-&-tw5ty gospels1 ea* wor? two c5t5>ia2 ?irty-six c5s]s ( solid gold ) preci\s /ones2 #cjj lamps 7lu*nitai7 weigh+ =ty p\nds2 #f1jjj c&elabra 7polyc&ela71 & clu/]$ lights#bbh ( solid gold1 = ! ambo1 ! bema1 ! two gynaecea1 & ! n>!x4 8,! rev5ues ( #cfe f>ms 9 ,egypt1 ,india1 & all ! ,ea/ & ,we/ 7 devot$ to ! ma9t5ance ( ! *ur*4 ,= ea* holy day 0 set aside #a1jjj measures ( oil1 #cjj measures ( w9e1 & #a1jjj sacram5tal loaves4 ,simil>ly = ! daily s]vices1 ! cl]gy1 includ+ ! l[e/1 numb]$ #a1jjj1 ) #ajj s+]s divid$ into two = alt]nate weeks4 ,= ! cl]gy !re 7 cells r\nd ! build+2 = ! s+]s !re 7 two mona/]ies4 8,he made five gold crosses1 ea* weigh+ #ajj p\nds1 :i* 7 adorn$ ) all k9ds ( preci\s /ones1 s t !y 7 ea* valu$ at eight c5t5>ia3 also two c&le/icks ( gold incru/$ ) pe>ls & preci\s /ones1 valu$ at five c5t5>ia1 z well z two o!r l>ge c>v$ c&elabra 7man\alia7 ( gold2 ^! _h gold5 feet1 ea* wor? #ajj p\nds1 to /& bel[ ! gold5 c&elabra4 ,he made fifty o!rs too1 ( silv]1 ( ! height ( a man1 to /& by ! alt>4 ,on ! adornm5t ( ! ambo & solea 0 sp5t #ajj1jjj p\nds1 :i* 0 ! tribute levi$ by ,con/ant9e on ,s>oboris1 ,k+ ( ! ,p]sians1 & on _m o!rs4 ,! :ole *ur* ) ! p>ts outside & ar\nd--) ! exception ( ! vessels & ornam5ts1 :i* 7 giv5 by ! emp]or--co/ #hjj1jjj p\nds4 8,n[ ,ju/9ian alone began & alone f9i%$ ! *ur* ) no o!r help+ him1 or ev5 build+ a "p ( x4 ,its beauty is wond]ful to behold2 all k9ds ( pe>ls glitt] !re l ! sea1 & "o seems to see ! ev]-fl[+ wat]s ( great riv]s4 ,n[ ! f\r b\nd>ies#bbi ( ! *ur* he call$ aft] ! riv]s t fl[$ f ,p>adise1 & he made a law t :osoev] 0 excommunicat$ %\ld /& !re = 8 s9s4 ,& = ! phiale 9 ! c5tre he made twelve arcades1 & lions bel*+ out wat] = ! p to wa% 94 ,on ! "r side1 h[ev]1 ( ! "r-h& gynaeceum1 he made a bas9 7?alassa7 ( "o cubit = ! wat] to come up 91 & "o flight ( /eps 7klimax7 = ! prie/s to cross above ! wat]4 ,he plac$ too 9 ! front ( ! bas9 7dexam5e7 an op5 tank = ! ra9 7ombusia71 & c>v$ twelve lions1 twelve p>ds1 twelve de]1 & eagles1 & h>es1 & calves1 & cr[s1 twelve ( ea*1 & ^! sp\t$ out ! wat] = ! use ( ! prie/s alone4 ,! place 0 call$ ! place ( ! lions 7leont>ion7 & metatorion1 because !re 0 a gold5 c\* !re1 t ! emp]or might re/ on 8 way to ! temple4 ,b :o c describe ! comel9ess & beauty ( ! temple1 ov]laid ) respl5d5t gold f ! cr[n to ! pavem5t8 8,:5 ! temple & ! sacr$ vessels _h be5 all complet$1 on ! #bd? ( ,decemb] he m>*$ 9 solemn pomp f ! palace to ! ,gate ( ! ,augu/eum1 op5+ into ! ,horologium2 & he kill$ #a1jjj ox51 #f1jjj %eep1 #ejj de]1 #a1jjj pigs1 #a1jjj f[ls1 & gave !m to ! poor & ne$y1 z well z #cj1jjj measures ( :eat4 ,& ! di/ribution ( ^! on t day took ?ree h\rs1 & !n ! emp]or ent]$ ) ! cross1 & ! patri>* ,euty*ius1 & at ! royal entrance he left ! patri>* & walk$ alone to ! ambo2 !n1 /ret*+ out 8 h&s to heav51 he cri$1 #8,glory be to ,god :o has ?\ght me wor?y to f9i% ?is "w4 ,solomon1 ,i h surpass$ !e4' ,& :5 ! c]emony 0 ov] he di/ribut$ l>gesse1 & ) ! help ( ,/rategius gave away ?ree hundr$ p\nds ( gold4 ,b on ! foll[+ day he solemnly op5$ ! temple1 & kill$ ev5 m ox51 & fea/$ e "o = fifte5 days until ! fea/ ( ,epiphany1 prais+ ,god4 ,9 su* a way z ?is 0 ! great "w complet$4 8,n[ ! new dome :i* 0 built by ,ju/9ian1 & ! gorge\s & wond]ful ambo1 ) ! solea1 & ! patt]n$ pavem5t ( ! nave1 la/$ sev5te5 ye>s4 ,b aft] ! dea? ( ,ju/9ian1 8 nephew ,ju/9 succe$$1 & 9 ! second ye> ( 8 reign1 & ! fif? day1 at ! six? h\r ! dome fell1 & de/roy$ ! wond]ful ambo ) ! gold5 supports1 & ! solea1 & all ! s>donyx1 & *oice pe>ls & sapphires4 ,b ! ar*es1 & ! columns1 & ! re/ ( ! build+ rema9$ unhurt4 ,!n ! emp]or summon$ ! skilful ma/]m51 & inquir$ :at _h caus$ ! fall ( ! dome4 ,b !y answ]$ & said to ! k+1 #8,y\r uncle took away too quickly ! supports 7ant9ux7 = ! dome1 :i* 7 ( wood1 to cov] x ) mosaic2 & made x too high s t x %\ld be se5 f ev]y:]e1 & ?us ! craftsm51 by de/roy+ ! scaffold+ 7skalosis7 be=e ! f\ndations _h be5 suffici5tly set1 caus$ ! fall ( ! dome4' ,?us spake !y to ! k+1 & !y add$ t if he wi%$ to build a dome l a holl[ cymbal he %\ld foll[ 8 uncle's example1 & s5d to ,rhodes1 & %\ld ord] bricks made 9 ! same way & ( ! same weight z ! previ\s ones4 ,! emp]or gave ! ord]1 & bricks 7 br\ght f ,rhodes1 simil> to ! previ\s ones4 ,s once m ! dome 0 built1 ) fifte5 fa?oms tak5 f its height1 & =m$ l a drum s t x %\ld n aga9 fall4 ,! supports 7 left = a ye>1 until !y knew t ! dome _h become well set4 ,b ! ambo & solea1 :i* !y 7 n able to build ( an equal magnific5ce to ! =m] ones1 !y are made ( m>ble1 ) columns cov]$ ) silv]1 & !re 0 a silv] inclosure 7/e?os71 r\nd ! solea4 ,b ! dome ( ! ambo he did n build aga91 fright5$ by ! exp5se4 ,& = ! pavem5t1 z he 0 n able to f9d slabs ( su* beauty & size z h]et(ore1 he s5t ,manasses1 a ,patrician & ,praepositus1 to ,proconnesus1 & m>ble 0 work$ !re z is se5 n[1 ( a gre5 col\r1 l riv]s fl[+ into a sea4 8,b :5 !y wi%$ to cut away ! scaffold+ ( ! dome1 & to take away ! timb]s1 !y fill$ up ! *ur* ) wat] to a height ( five cubits1 & ?rew d[n ! beams into ! wat]1 & ?us ! l[] p>ts ( ! walls 7 un9jur$4 ,& he cov]$ x all ) mosaic4 ,h5ce !re are "s :o say t ,ju/91 ,ju/9ian's nephew1 built ! *ur*1 b 9 ?is !y lie4 ,let u r give ?anks to our ,god :o has will$ t ! great /ructure %\ld rema9 unt\*$1 s t we c ent] x1 & give ! praise t is due to ,*ri/2 = ,he is wor?y ( all glory1 hon\r1 p[]1 & wor%ip1 n[ & = ev]1 ,am540 #c4 ,,leg5ds4 ,_m ( ! po9ts 9 ?is celebration ( ! wond]s ( ,s4 ,sophia seem to be traceable to ! writ]'s absorb+ traditions ( ! "w ( ,basil--:o built l a goldsmi? at 8 new *ur*--into 8 acc\nt4 ,9 ! de/ructive rapacity ( ! ,crusad]s & ! int]regnum t foll[$ :ile !y occupi$ ,s4 ,sophia we f9d su* a satisfactory cause = ?is half-my?ical retrospect und]tak5 9 all good fai? t we _c ?9k x 0 writt5 until aft] ! ,franki% asc5d5cy4 ,we ne$ n suppose t ! ,anonym\s inv5t$ ev5 ! wilde/ ( ^! /ories2 su* /ories gr[ up z a matt] ( c\rse1 & to-day v>i\s =ms ( "s ( !m are told )9 ! walls ( _m o!r build+s4 ,! acc\nts giv5 by ! ,russian pilgrims 7see ,*apt] ,,vi7 agree s closely 9 _m respects ) ! ,anonym\s description t we might ?9k ! writ] _h be5 _! guide 9 ! *ur*4 ,t ! /ories 7 widely told 9 ,con/ant9ople at ?is "t is prov$ by ! acc\nt ( ,s4 ,sophia giv5 by ,el ,h>awi1 an ,arab travell]1 :o visit$ ! city 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury4 8,"h is also ,agia ,sophia1 ! greate/ *ur* !y h4 ,i 0 told by ,yakub ,ibn ,abd ,allah t he _h ent]$ x3 )9 are #cfj doors4 ,& !y say "o ( ! angels resides !re2 r\nd ab\t ?is place !y h made f5ces ( gold1 & ! /ory !y relate ( him is v /range40#bcj ,?is /ory ( ! angel recalls ! ,w+less ,victory ( ! ,a!nian acropolis1 b x is probably m closely relat$ to ! 8,angels ( ! ,*ur*es0 9 ! ,revelation4 ,an int]e/+ ref]5ce to ?is ?\ght is made by ,palladius 9 8 ,life ( ,*ryso/om4 ,be=e he left ,s4 ,sophia = ev] ! patri>* ent]$ x say+1 8,come let u pray & say f>ewell to ! ,angel ( ! ,*ur*20 b1 adds 8 biograph]1 8! ,angel dep>t$ ) him40 ,we give "h an acc\nt ( ! *ur* f a ?irte5?-c5tury ,engli% ,,ms41 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 ,vit4 ,a4 xx4 #ad1 :i* ref]s to ! m commonplace "p ( ! /ory z told by ! ,anonym\s4 8,t fam\s city is end[$ ) wond]ful & ine/imable weal?4 ,9 x may be se5 ! fam\s *ur* ,agia ,sophia1 t is ! ,holy ,wisdom2 an angel ( ,god appe>$ & taught ! workm5 z !y 7 build+4 ,und]nea? ! *ur* 9 its ci/]ns !re is refre%+ wat]1 "s ( :i* is salt & "s ( x ra9wat]4 ,! *ur* bel[ is borne on "o hundr$ & sev5ty-?ree columns ( m>bles1 & above on two hundr$ & =ty-six4 ,r\nd ! *oir f ! top to ! bottom x is cov]$ ) silv] gilt4 ,& ?is same *oir has an alt> #8/>r$' 7/ellatum7 all ov] ) mo/ wond]ful & preci\s /ones4 ,9 ! *ur* are lamps ( ! pure/ silv] & gold1 & _! numb] _c be c\nt$4 ,! *ur* is op5$ & clos$ by sev5 hundr$ & fifty-two d\ble doors1 & !re are w9d[s innum]able4 ,!re are sev5 hundr$ preb5d>y prie/s1 ( :i* ?ree hundr$ & fifty take ea* week 9 turn4 ,n[ ! ,patri>* ( ,agia ,sophia has 9 t city "o hundr$ metropolitans & ar*bi%ops1 & ea* metropolitan has sev5 suffragans 9 ! same city40 ,! idea ( competition ) ,solomon's ,temple & ! ,tab]nacle w\ld be sure to sugge/ itself1 &1 once receiv$1 x w\ld be ju/ifi$ by _m ass]tions2 inde$ a t5d5cy to imitate ! biblical acc\nts may be detect$ 9 ! ,anonym\s au?or4 ,= in/ance1 we h ,ju/9ian's int5tion to cov] ! floor ) silv]1 ! description ( ! gold vessels = ! alt>1 & ! 8sea0 = ! prie/s4 ,ju/9ian's (t-quot$ spee* on ent]+ ! complet$ *ur* may be assign$ to ?is lead+ idea1 :i* we f9d express$ z e>ly z ! six? c5tury by ,corippus1 ! poet-bi%op1 :o says1 8,praise ( ! temple ( ,solomon is n[ sil5c$1 & ! ,wond]s ( ! ,_w h to yield ! preem95ce4 ,two %r9es f\nd$ by ! wisdom ( ,god h rivall$ ,heav51 "o ! sacr$ ,temple1 ! o!r ! spl5did fane ( ,s4 ,sophia1 ! ,ve/ibule ( ! ,div9e ,pres5ce40#bca ,glycas1 :o tells _m ( ! /ories giv5 by ! ,anonym\s1 cont9ues ! idea fur!r4 ,ju/9ian1 he says1 set up a /atue 8repres5t+ ,solomon z look+ at ! ,great ,*ur* & gna%+ 8 tee? ) envy40#bcb ,9 ! ,book ( ,prov]bs we read1 8,wisdom ha? build$ h] h\se1 %e ha? hewn out h] sev5 pill>s40 ,?is 0 also seiz$ ^u1 & ,mi*ael ,psellus speaks ( ,s4 ,sophia z 8! v beautiful temple1 ! incomp>able home :i* ! ,div9e ,wisdom built 9 ,8 own "n & :i* ,he rais$ on sev5 pill>s40#bcc ,mod]n writ]s1 ,t\rne=t1 ,von ,hamm]1 c41 h delight$ to po9t out t ! *ur* has #ajg columns2 inde$1 ) a little hum\r+1 #ajh may be c\nt$4 ,! symmetrical numb] ( ! workm5 employ$ accord+ to ! ,anonym\s may be mat*$ 9 a leg5d>y acc\nt ( ! build+ ( ,s4 ,luke's1 accord+ to :i* !re 7 tw5ty-f\r protomai/ores1 ea* ( :om _h tw5ty-f\r workm5 "u him4 ,! /ory ( ,ju/9ian mix+ money ) ! e>? is p>allel to ! acc\nt1 giv5 by ,vas>i1 ( ,brunelles*i's s*eme = build+ ! dome ( ,s4 ,m>ia del ,fiore 9 ,flor5ce4 ,x is impossible t ! *ur* %\ld h be5 flood$ ) wat]1 z describ$ by ! ,anonym\s4 ,!re appe>s to be no basis = ! supposition t ! great dome 0 gilt outside4 ,9 ! texts ( ,cod9us ! dome is said to be ( ivy-wood 773 ?is is evid5tly somebody's misread+ = pumice-/one 774 ,! /ones 7 actually suppos$ to be specifics = diseases by ! ,russian pilgrims & o!rs4 ,cl>i ! ,knight ( ,ami5s#bcd 7#abjj7 speaks 8( ! ,m9/] 7,m\/i]7 ( ,s4 ,sophia1 & ! ri*es :i* 7 !re4444 ,!re are vaults all r\nd ov] ! *ur*1 :i* are c>ri$ on l>ge columns1 v ri*2 = !re is n a column b is ( jasp]1 or porphyry1 or "s preci\s m>ble1 & e column has a m$ic9al quality2 "s keep (f ,mal des ra9s1 "s ,mal du flanc1 & o!r diseases3 & !re is no?+ 9 ?is m9/] su* z a h+e 7gons7 or b& 7v]veles7 g5]ally ( iron1 :i* is n ( silv]40 ,cod9us concludes 8 acc\nt ( ! *ur* ) a /ory1 :i* may be class$ ) a l>ge s]ies1 z 8! gratitude ( employ]s to _! ar*itects20 imprison+ & bl9d+ !m1 or cutt+ (f _! h&s4 ,x is 9 a s5se "o ( ! true/ ( /ories6 ,! ma/] workman ( ! great *ur*1 8,ignatius 7sic71 ow+ to ! great fav\r :i* 8 "w won = him f ! p1 0 %ut up by ! emp]or 9 8 /atue 9 ! ,augu/eum40 ,to p>allel o!r tales ?is mu/ be ! arti/'s own "w :i* is ! in/rum5t ( 8 torture4 ,"h he w\ld h di$ ( hung] _h x n be5 = 8 fai?ful wife1 :o ?rew to him a rope besme>$ ) liquid pit*2 aft]w>ds fire de/roy$ all evid5ce ( 8 flight4 ,we h also ! cu/om>y tales ( /atues f\nd 9 ! gr\nd :5 ! *ur* 0 begun4 ,gyllius1 quot+ f ,suidas1 says t ,ju/9ian discov]$ m ?an sev5ty /atues ( ! ,greek deities1 ! figures ( ! twelve signs ( ! zodiac1 & eighty /atues ( ,*ri/ian pr9ces & emp]ors4 ,! travels t be> ! "n ( ,sir ,john ,m&eville relate t once :5 an emp]or made a grave 9 ,s4 ,sophia1 8!y f\nd a body 9 ! e>?1 & ^u ! body lay a plate ( gold1 t said ?us 9 ,hebrew1 ,greek1 & ,lat91 #8,jesus ,*ri/ %all be born ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y1 & ,i believe 9 ,him4' ,x 0 laid !re #b1jjj ye>s be=e ! bir? ( ,*ri/1 & is /ill pres]v$ 9 ! treasury ( ! *ur*4 ,& !y say t x 0 ,h]mog5es1 ! wise man40 ,! leg5ds 7 n =gott5 aft] ! tak+ ( ! *ur*4 ,s&ys1 ! ,engli% travell]1 :o 0 9 ,con/ant9ople ab\t #afaj1 tells u t 8"o ( ! doors 0 fam$ to be ! ark ( ,noe1 & is !re=e left b>e 9 "s places to be kiss$ by ! devot$ p10 & 8! total numb] ( doors 0 said to be z _m z ! days ( ! ye>40 ,:5 ?is1 ! *ur* ( ! _w1 fell into ! h&s ( ! ,turks1 _m /ories came to ! ,we/1 or arose !re )\t com+4 ,! poetry ( ! ,fall requir$ ! miracul\s salvation ( ! prie/ celebrat+ mass1 & ! prophecy ( 8 return z told by ,!o4 ,gauti]4 ,x also requir$ a massacre 9 ! *ur*1 ! rid+ 9 ( ! pr\d conqu]or1 & ! m>k ( 8 blood-/a9$ h&1 :i* inde$ is /ill po9t$ out "s tw5ty feet above ! pavem5t6 ,mijatovi*1 9 8 hi/ory ( ! la/ ( ! emp]ors1 reg>ds ! massacre z unhi/orical4 ,an ,engli% romance almo/ contempor>y ) ! ,fall tells u h[ ! ,turks took possession1 8,= to let !yr hawkys fly ,9 ! *ir* ( ,sa9t ,s(y40 ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,fossati',s ,,rep>ations4 ,,salz5b]g',s ,,description4 ,sancta ,sophia seems really to h be5 9 a dang]\s condition :51 9 #ahdg1 ! ,sultan ,abdul ,mesjid began a mu*-ne$$ "w ( rep>ation :i* 0 c>ri$ on "u ! guidance ( ! ,italian ar*itect ,fossati1 :o appe>s to h tak5 great pa9s1 & not)/&+ "s alt]ations & 8re/orations0 9 ! wor/ s5se he des]ves our gratitude = probably sav+ ! build+4 ,9 ! preface to 8 li?ograph views publi%$ 9 ,london 9 #aheb he says1 8,! portions ( ! build+ t look$ mo/ ?reat5+ 7 recon/ruct$1 & ! lead ro(s 7 repair$4 ,! dome 0 reliev$ ( f\r heavy buttress ar*es1 ^: function 0 tak5 by a d\ble ce9cture ( iron ar\nd its base4 ,?irte5 columns ( ! gynaeceum1 :i* 7 incl9+ "u ! ?ru/ ( ! great ar*es t support ! dome1 7 put /raight aga940 ,! m>ble "w ( ! int]ior 0 clean$1 & ! gold mosaic vaults 7 cle>$ ( ! cru/ ( limewa% :i* conceal$ !m4 ,all repres5tations ( figures 7 h[ev] cov]$ aga94 ,! sultan's tribune 0 built1 ,fossati says1 89 ! ,byzant9e /yle40 ,! walls outside1 aft] be+ repair$1 7 cov]$ ) a coat+ ( pla/] on :i* r$ /ripes 7 pa9t$4 ,s9ce ?is "t v>i\s rema9s ( ! ,great ,c\rt1 :i* exi/$ z late z #ahgc1 h entirely disappe>$1 & ! broad b>e space1 9 front ( ! exon>!x1 has little n[ to recall ! atrium ) its f\nta9 & quadriporticus4 ,all /udy ( ! *ur* 9 its condition at t "t mu/ be bas$ on ! exhau/ive plates & text ( ,salz5b]g4#bce ,m4 ,texi] _h 9 #ahcd made "s draw+s at ,con/ant9ople1 :i* are n[ pres]v$ 9 ! libr>y ( ! ,royal ,in/itute ( ,ar*itects2 & sev]al co9cid5ces seem to po9t to ,salz5b]g's hav+ _h ! use ( ,texi]'s gr\nd plan4 ,9 any case ,texi] 0 ! fir/ to make correct plans includ+ ! upp] floor1 also ! atrium1 bapti/]y1 & ! circul> build+ at ! nor?-ea/4 ,z ,salz5b]g made full use ( ! unique opportunity af=d$ by ! scaffold+1 :5 ! build+ 0 giv5 ov] to ! workm51 we h ?\ght x wise to give a cond5s$ p>aphrase ( 8 acc\nt :]e x is descriptive ( ! /ructure1 ev5 at ! risk ( "s repetition4 ,our rem>ks 9 o!r places :]e !y may ov]lap are ! result ( our own obs]vation1 f diff]5t po9ts ( view4 ,! re/ ( ?is *apt] is an abridgm5t ( ,salz5b]g's text & descriptive ( 8 plates1 & we add no?+ unless 9 notes or squ>e brackets4 ,design4--,! ext]ior walls ( ! atrium1 ) sev]al entrances1 7 built ( brick1 b ! inn] sides _h m>ble columns betwe5 squ>e brick pi]s1 two columns to "o pi]4 ,^! c>ri$ semicircul> ar*es4 ,! atrium walks1 z rema9s %[$1 7 b>rel-vault$1 & ! vaults 7 =m]ly cov]$ ) mosaic4 ,! p>ts = :i* !re 0 evid5ce rema9+ are %[n 9 d>k] hat*+ 9 ,salz5b]g's plate vi4 ,! out] wall on ! nor? side1 ) sev]al ar*$ op5+s2 & traces ( ! we/]n b\nd>y /ill exi/$4 ,! long ve/ibule 9 front ( ! n>!x has gro9$ vault+1 & l>ge w9d[s 9 its we/ wall2 !re are "s ,turki% additions to ?is "p4 ,a door f ea* lat]al cloi/]1 & two o!rs f ! op5 atrium1 l$ into x4 ,on ei!r side ( ! two doors f ! c\rt are /rong project+ pi]s1 connect$ above by a wide ar*1 =m+ a por*-l %elt] ov] ! doors4 ,^! f\r pi]s rise above ! ro( ( ! ve/ibule4#bcf ,d\ble ti]s ( buttress ar*es spr+ f ea* ( ^! pi]s to ! we/ wall ( ! *ur*4 ,a close exam9ation ( ! wall & pi]s l$ to ! conviction t !y are n contempor>y ) ! *ur*1 b 7 built lat]1 ?\gh p>tly ( old mat]ial4#bcg ,! upp] cornices = in/ance diff]4 ,modifications "h c be expla9$ by removal ( ,bell ,t[]1 see p4 #aid4 ,! pi]s 7 probably erect$ by ,byzant9e build]s1 to /r5g!n ! we/]n vault4 ,five doors lead to ! n>!x1 ! w9d[s ( :i* are above ! ro( ( ! out] ve/ibule4 ,! walls are cov]$ ) m>ble1 & ! vault+ ) mosaic2 :ile ! walls & ceil+ ( ! exon>!x1 are q pla94 ,two o!r doors ent] ! n>!x at its nor? & s\? ends1 & n9e lead f x into ! *ur*2 ! l>ge c5tral entrance be+ ! ,royal ,door4 ,! walls ( ! *ur* =m approximately a squ>e1 ! l5g? ( :i* 9 ! int]ior1 exclusive ( ! apse1 is #bda feet1 & ! bread? #bbd4bch ,! dome measures #ajj feet across f ! edge ( ! cornice1 b above ! cornice ! vault$ space is #ajd feet across2 x is #agi feet f ! floor to ! v]tex4 ,! dome rises above ! squ>e area on f\r huge ar*es1 ) a l>ge semidome to ! ea/ & ano!r to ! we/1 ea* ( :i* embraces ?ree small] spans4 ,! lat]al op5+s :i* ?us pi]ce ! ea/ & we/]n semidomes are cov]$ by con*s1 b ! middle op5+ 9 ea* case has a cyl9drical vault1 t to ! ea/ be+ prolong$ into ! ea/]n apse4 ,at ! corn]s ( ! c5tral squ>e ( ! nave rise f\r l>ge pi]s1 :i* are jo9$ by ar*es to f\r buttress pi]s 9 ! nor!rn & s\!rn walls beh9d !m4 ,! ar*$ op5+s connect ! ?ree p>ts into :i* ! aisles are divid$ by ! pi]s4 ,on ei!r side ( ea* ( ! c5tral op5+s f ! ea/]n & we/]n hemicycles rise o!r pi]s1 :i* are pi]c$ by n>r[ ar*$ passages1 runn+ f nor? to s\?4 ,! pi]s1 eight altoge!r1 c>ry ! :ole vault+ ( ! nave1 z well z a "p ( t ( ! side aisles4 ,betwe5 ! middle division ( ea* aisle & ! nave are f\r l>ge columns ) five ar*es on ! gr\nd floor1 & on ! fir/ floor six small] columns ) sev5 ar*es4 ,above aga9 is a wall ) w9d[s1 fill+ up ! great ar*es on ! nor? & s\? sides "u ! dome4 ,ea* ex$ra has1 on ! gr\nd floor1 two l>ge columns ) ?ree ar*es1 &1 on ! floor above1 six small columns ) sev5 ar*es4 ,! vault ( ea* division ( ! aisles is support$ on f\r columns4 ,^? next ! ea/ & we/ walls ( ! *ur*1 eight 9 all1 are squ>e1 ! o!rs are r\nd4 ,! divisions ( ! gall]ies foll[ ^? ( ! aisles und]nea?4 ,! f\r ma9 pi]s h[ev] 7 pi]c$ by additional ar*$ op5+s n[ fill$ up betwe5 ! gall]ies & ! nave4 ,! "p ov] ! n>!x op5s to ! nave by ?ree ar*es1 on c\pl$ columns4 ,above is ! imm5se semicircul> w9d[ :i* fills up ! c5tral b>rel vault at ! we/]n end4 ,all ! op5+s t[>ds ! nave 9 ! upp] aisles h m>ble p>apets4 ,! vault+ ( ! l[] aisles re/s on =ty r\nd columns & eight squ>e ones1 & 9 ! gall]ies on sixty r\nd columns1 n includ+ ! c\pl$ columns at ! we/2 ?is makes 9 all a hundr$ r\nd columns4 ,possibly ! eight squ>e pill>s 9 ! aisles 7 employ$1 s t ?is numb] %\ld n be exce$$4 ,9 ! walls are num]\s l>ge w9d[s1 & ! dome is pi]c$ by =ty j above ! cornice2 ?us light /reams into ! *ur* f e qu>t]4 ,mu* ( ! dome1 includ+ ! c5tral circle ( mosaic at ! cr[n1 c be se5 f ! ,royal ,door4 ,! great] numb] ( ! build+s :i* =m]ly surr\nd$ ! *ur* are ei!r de/roy$1 or s alt]$ by ,turki% m9>ets & buttresses t x is difficult to conjecture _! orig9al =m4#bci ,on ! nor? & s\? ( ! n>!x are long por*es ( ,byzant9e workman%ip1 ) cyl9drical vaults4 ,9 ! nor!rn "o is a flight ( f\rte5 /eps lead+ d[n f outside to ! n>!x4 ,! s\!rn por* is call$ by ,von ,hamm] ! ,ve/ibule ( ! ,w>riors4 ,x is m5tion$ by ,nicetas z ! place :]e ! ,ar*angel ,mi*ael 0 repres5t$ 9 mosaic4 ,x 0 ?r\gh ?is por* t ! emp]or pass$ to ! *ur*1 & "h "s ( ! bodygu>d w\ld rema94 ,! vault+ /ill be>s ! rema9s ( mosaics :i* are n[ cov]$ up4 ,on ! ea/ sides ( bo? ! nor!rn & s\!rn por*es are accesses to ! gynaeceum1 =m$ ( a s]ies ( incl9$ planes4 ,! entrance to ! nor!rn "o is f ! por*1 b ! s\!rn /air is rea*$ f a n>r[ passage betwe5 x & ! bapti/]y4 ,to ! we/ ( ! nor!rn & s\!rn por*es1 9 ! angles betwe5 !m & ! outside walls ( ! atrium1 are ! two m9>ets built by ,murad ,,iii4 ,on ! fir/-floor level1 above ! s\!rn por* & "p ( ! adjac5t /aircase1 is a s]ies ( *amb]s1#bdj ( :i* ! purpose is n kn[n4 ,! walls ( ! two l>g] *amb]s are cov]$ ) m>ble1 & _! ceil+s ) mosaic4 ,only "o /airway is n[ extant at ! ea/4 ,! m9>et built by ,mahom$ ,,ii41 :i* helps to buttress ! s\?-ea/ corn] ( ! *ur*1 occupies ! position ( a second4 ,salz5b]g's ,plate xiv4 %[s ! /airway re/or$1 b 9 ,plate xiii4 ! nor!rn "o is remov$ to expla9 ! arrangem5t ( ! "p ( ! build+ to ! s\? ( x4 ,on ent]+ at ! door ( ?is nor?-ea/]n /airway "o c ei!r m\nt ! asc5d+ planes :i* w9d r\nd a well = light1 or g to ! left ?r\gh a small lobby into ! *ur*4 ,on ! "r /eps asc5d to ! r\nd build+ adjac5t4 ,! light #8well' once asc5d$ ! :ole height ( ! /aircase1 :i* seems to h be5 =m]ly /ill high]1 z ! ea/]n wall ( ! *ur*1 :i* is "h prolong$ nor?w>ds1 rises ab\t f\r feet above ! pres5t ro( ( ! /airway1 & %[s ! rema9s ( a w9d[4 ,^! /airways may h be5 built by ,&ronicus ,palaeologus 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury1 :5 he erect$ ! buttress masses :i* are call$ pyramids by ,nicephorus ,gregoras4 ,all ^! /airways h[ev] 7 additions to ! build+1 probably built :5 ! dome abutm5ts 7 /r5g!n$4 ,! orig9al /aircases to ! gynaeceum 7 9 ! f\r pi]s by ! nor!rn & s\!rn walls ( ! *ur*1 & ! /eps f ! gynaeceum to ! base ( ! dome /ill rema94#bda ,9 ! ea/]n buttress pi] on ! s\? side is a portion ( "o ( ! orig9al /aircases1 lead+ d[nw>ds f ! gynaeceum1 ?\gh b5ea? on ! gr\nd floor !re is n[ a vault$ passage4#bdb ,9 ! we/]n buttress pi] on ! s\? side1 at ! gr\nd-floor level1 is a vault$ passage adorn$ ) mosaic1 & a door lead+ to an ext]nal addition4 ,9 ! simil> position on ! gynaeceum level1 ! /aircase1 :i* =m]ly l$ high]1 has be5 de/roy$1 to make a way to ! upp] floor ( ?is same late annex4 ,! s\?-ea/ por* may h be5 us$ by ! emp]ors on non-fe/al days1 z x 0 close to ! s\!rn aisle :]e !y sat4 ,?ree columns are n[ plac$ on ea* side ( ?is por*2 ! two out] ones are ( porphyry1 & h capitals ) a design ( a basket & doves4#bdc ,^! capitals are f9e ,byzant9e "w1 al?\gh ! ar* above may be ,turki%4 ,"h sev5 /eps desc5d into ! *ur*4 ,! o!r por* on ! nor? ( ! ea/ end 0 de/roy$ at ! la/ re/oration to make an entrance = ! ,sultan4 ,rema9s ( a s]ies ( *amb]s c /ill be trac$ on ! ea/ side betwe5 ! por*es3 _! ro(s mu/ h be5 bel[ ! l[] w9d[s ( ! ea/]n wall4 ,! *amb]s are n[ built up2 b _! orig9al plan may be conjectur$ f ! lead saddle-ro(s1 :i* h gutt]s t conduct ! ra9wat] ?r\gh ! out] wall4 ,two doors f ! por*es1 & two doors f ! *ur*--all f\r n[ block$ up--%[ ! previ\s communication ) ?is r[ ( *amb]s1 :i* probably conta9$ ! prie/s' ve/m5ts1 & ! vessels = ! alt>4 ,among/ ! build+s t surr\nd$ ! *ur* mu/ be m5tion$ ! skeuophylakium1 9 :i* 0 kept ! sacr$ furniture4 ,"h 7 plac$ bi]s = ! /ate fun]als3 conspicu\s among/ !m 0 "o q cov]$ ) gold1 ! gift ( ,/udios & ,/ephanos4 ,?is probably 0 ! isolat$ r\nd build+ at ! nor?-ea/ ( ! *ur*1 rea*$ by ! /eps previ\sly m5tion$4 ,x n[ has two floors ( wood2 = security !re 7 no w9d[s1 b only twelve ni*es 9 ! wall1 9 "o ( :i* is ! door4 ,?is build+ n[ s]ves z a /oreh\se = ! army kit*5 7im>eh7 adjac5t1 & is mu* injur$4 ,w9d[s h be5 made 9 ! walls1 & ! door alt]$4#bdd ,! bapti/]y s\?-we/ build+ is squ>e outside1 b octagonal ) f\r ni*es )94 ,x is vault$ by a dome )\t ribs4 ,on ! ea/ side is an apse1 & on ! we/ a por*4 ,! ,anonym\s says t ! bapti/]y 0 =m]ly call$ ! ,*apel ( ,s4 ,john1 & t x 0 built by ,ju/9ian4 ,entrance to ?is is n[ obta9$ by a door1 :i* has be5 pi]c$ 9 its nor?-ea/]n angle4 ,! we/]n wall has a semicircul>-head$ op5+1 ( ! same size z ! ni*es1 lead+ to a n>!x or ve/ibule to :i* !re is n[ no access f ! outside4 ,9 addition to ! we/]n entrance1 a door on ! nor?1 n[ block$ up1 l$ ?r\gh an op5 por* into a small c\rt4 ,! l>ge cyl9drical ar* ( ?is por* _h a scre5 at its nor!rn side1 ! columns & door-frame#bde ( :i* are /ill extant1 b ! m>ble lattice is de/roy$4 ,?r\gh an ar* 9 ! ea/ wall ( ?is por* ! addition :i* 0 made outside ! s\?-we/ buttress pi] c\ld be rea*$1 :]e !re 0 a passage into ! *ur*4 ,salz5b]g's plan#bdf ( ?is addition is tak5 at ! level ( a l&+ rea*$ by a /aircase f ! passage ?r\gh ! s\?-we/ buttress pi]4 ,?is l&+ seems at "o "t to h be5 connect$ ) a *amb] above ! nor? por* ( ! bapti/]y1 & f !nce ) ! /airway at ! s\?-we/ angle ( ! *ur*4 ,lead+ upw>ds f ?is l&+ is ! orig9al /aircase to ! gynaeceum1 & at ?is level !re is a small *apel vault$ ) a cupola4#bdg ,! vault is adorn$ ) mosaic2 figures ( angels /& 9 ! f\r p5d5tives4 ,orig9ally ! *apel 0 n light$2 b at ! la/ 8re/oration0 a hole 0 made 9 ! ro(1 :i* 0 fill$ ) glass2 a passage f ?is *apel to ! gynaeceum is probably ,turki%4 ,! *apel is suppos$ by ! ,greeks to be ! "o into :i* ! (ficiat+ prie/ disappe>$ at ! capture by ! ,turks4 ,! ,turks turn$ ! bapti/]y into a /or]oom = ! oil us$ 9 light+ ! *ur*1 b on ! sudd5 dea? ( ! ,sultan ,mu/apha ,i4 x 0 conv]t$ into a turbeh4 ,almo/ ! :ole ( ! *ur* is rais$ above vault$ ci/]ns4 ,an op5+ 9 ! s\? aisle#bdh gives access to ! wat]1 & !re is ano!r op5+ 9 ! nor?-we/ ex$ra4 ,! dep? ( ! wat] prev5t$ a close inspection4 ,( ! two additions made 9 ,byzant9e times to ! c5tre ( ! nor? & s\? walls on ! outside1 & int5d$ to buttress ! aisles1 ! s\!rn "o has be5 fur!r l5g!n$ by ! ,turks4 ,to pres]ve ! use ( ! door & w9d[ 9 ! wall ( ! *ur*1 ea* addition 0 pi]c$ by a passage4 ,rema9s ( /airways & side passages h also be5 f\nd "h4#bdi ,o!r rema9s ( build+s exi/$ on ! nor? & s\? sides ( ! *ur*1 b !y 7 too insuffici5t to base any conclusions on !m4 ,mat]ials4--,! pr9cipal mat]ials employ$ are brick1 & a k9d ( pep]9o /one4 ,! latt] is us$ 9 ^? p>ts ( ! build+ :i* h to /& great pressure1 su* z ! f\r l>ge pi]s 9 ! nave1 ! pi]s to ea/ & we/1 & ! extra projections f ! buttress pi]s 9 ! side aisles & gynaeceum4 ,9 addition a horizontal c\rse two feet deep runs r\nd ! :ole build+ f\r feet f ! floor4 ,! outside walls ( ! orig9al build+1 l ! vault+1 7 entirely ( brick1 b 9 ! lat] additions !y are =m$ ( alt]nate lay]s ( brick & /one1 & "s ( ! lat] buttress masses are almo/ entirely ( /one4 ,! bricks are z a rule ab\t f\rte5 in*es long & two in*es ?ick2 "s vault+ bricks br\ght f ! ru9s by ! por* on ! ea/ measur$ f\rte5 in*es squ>e & two in*es ?ick2 on "o side ( !m 7 scrat*$ l9es probably made by ! ?ree f+]s ( ! mak]1 & on ! o!r 0 an oblong label inclos+ an inscription 7#a72 ano!r _h a diff]5t inscription 7#b72 & a ?ird1 n f ?is vault1 b ( ! same size1 0 also inscrib$ 7#c74 ,illu/ration 7#a7 ,reads ,con/antius or ,con/ant9e4 7#b7 ,may be r5d]$ 8! *ur* :i* is be+ erect$10 by read+ a p>ticiple ( = ! second & ?ird lett]4 7#c7 ,?is is also giv5 9 ! ,revue ,ar*ologique1 #ahgf1 ) "s slight diff]5ces 9 second & ?ird l9es2 x is !re said to h be5 f\nd betwe5 ,,ss4 ,sophia & ,ir5e4 ,x probably reads1 8,"l1 help ,philemon3 ,indiction #g40 ,! two fir/ v[els ( ,philemon h *ang$ places1 & ! contraction =m aft] 80 is also turn$ ! wrong way4 ,at ! base ( ! dome ! bricks are #bg #i in*es1 & two in*es ?ick4 ,"s appe> to be tw5ty-sev5 in*es squ>e2 b at ! apex ( ! dome1 by ! hole int5d$ = ! lamp-*a91 ! ?ickness is tw5ty-f\r in*es4 ,!re 0 no trace ( ! light bricks made 9 ,rhodes :i* ! ,anonym\s m5tions2 al?\gh 9 ! p5d5tives a light sub/ance1 :iti%1 ) impressions ( plants 9 x1 0 us$ 9 irregul> masses4 ,! mort> has a r$ col\r1 & 0 evid5tly mix$ ) cru%$ brick2 ! jo9ts are f "o to two in*es ?ick4 ,! m>ble ( ,proconnesus1 :i* some:at resembles ! ar*itectural m>ble ( ,c>r>a1 is employ$ = ! cornices1 capitals1 & bases ( ! columns1 & = ! w9d[s4 ,9 ,salz5b]g's plans ! mat]ials are express$ by diff]5t dep?s ( t9t2 ! d>ke/ be+ m>ble1 slightly light] is /one1 & a /ill light] brickwork2 ! additional build+s are repres5t$ 9 ! lighte/ tones1 & ! ,turki% build+s ) /rokes & dots4 ,con/ruction4--,! outside walls av]age a height ( sev5ty feet3 ^? on ! nor? & s\? h a ?ickness ( ?ree & a half feet1 t on ! ea/ is f\r & a half feet1 & t on ! we/ betwe5 ! nave & n>!x five feet4 ,:]e ! ar*es re/ on ! walls !re are pi]s :i* project ab\t two feet3 ?us ! we/ wall1 = in/ance1 has 9 p>ts a ?ickness ( sev5 feet4 ,z a g5]al rule1 ! int]ior vaults ( wide span cont9ue ?r\gh ! walls1 & appe> z ar*es on ! outside face4 ,! w9d[ & door op5+s are semicircul>4 ,! m>ble f9i%+s 7 ins]t$ aft] ! completion ( ! walls4 ,! dome at fir/ sight seems to re/ ^u f\r ar*es ea* ( #ajj feet span2 x is1 h[ev]1 only on ! ea/ & we/ t ^! ar*es are op54 ,f nor? to s\? ! ma9 pi]s are #ajf feet ap>t1 & _! bread? 9 ?is direction is fifte5 feet eight in*es2 b on ei!r side ( ! nave !re are projections1 n>r[+ ! op5+ to #ajj feet1 & giv+ ! op5 ar*es abutm5ts ( eighte5 feet eight in*es4 ,beh9d ea* ( ^! ma9 pi]s aga91 at a di/ance ( tw5ty-n9e & a half feet f !m1 /&s "o ( ! buttress or /aircase pi]s1 :i*1 includ+ ! outside wall1 is sev5te5 feet f\r in*es by tw5ty-f\r & a half feet 9 area4 ,r\nd ar*es1 :i* appe> bel[ ! vaults1 transmit ! ?ru/ ( ! great ar*es f ! ma9 pi]s to ^! buttress+ pi]s4 ,above ^! ea* ( ! imm5se buttress masses :i* /& "r across ! aisles1 & rise to )9 eighte5 feet ( ! spr++ ( ! dome1 be> ^u two reliev+ ar*es ( diff]5t radii1 s z n to load ! vault+ b5ea?4#bej ,! cyl9drical ar*es1 :i*1 at ! gr\nd-floor aisles & ! gynaeceum1 connect ! great pi]s ) ! out] buttress pi]s1 are ea* re9=c$ by two extra ar*es1 /&+ on /one additions to ! ma9 pi]s1 f :i* !y project five feet4#bea ,^! ar*es1 ?\gh ?us /r5g!n$1 are almo/ all out ( %ape2 ^? by ! two nor!rn ma9 pi]s h be5 pu%$ out ne>ly fifte5 in*es4 ,a draw+ giv5 9 ,salz5b]g's text %[s ! s\? ar* :i* supports ! dome ) ! mosaics remov$4 ,! pi]s f ea/ to we/ are sev5ty-two feet ap>t1 & accord+ly ! span ( ! ar* is sev5ty-two feet1 its s(fite be+ fifte5 feet eight in*es4 ,! ar* is five feet deep1 =m$ ( two unconnect$ r+s1 & on ea* side ! l[] "p is laid 9 horizontal c\rses s t ! portion ) radiat+ jo9ts is only ?ree qu>t]s ( ! :ole ar*4 ,! w9d[ wall :i* fills ! ar* op5+ is f\r feet ?ick1 & is bond$ ) ! horizontal c\rses1 b a movem5t ( ! ar*es has caus$ a fissure1 :i* is %[n 9 ! diagram4 ,^! w9d[ walls on ! s\? & nor? sides h crack$ 9 sev]al places4 ,! upp] "p ( ! w9d[ wall on ! nor? side is only tw5ty-n9e in*es ?ick4 ,! w9d[s h be5 r$uc$ & /r5g!n$ by ins]t+ /one jambs4 ,on ! nor? & s\? side are also two l>ge ar*es1 :i* project on ! inside ?ree feet f ! w9d[ wall & re/ on ! ma9 pi]s1 hav+ ! same height & span z ! ar*es on ! ea/ & we/4 ,!y complete ! squ>e =m "u ! cornice ( ! dome1 & give ! idea t ! dome is c>ri$ on f\r ar*es ( #ajj feet span3 :]eas 9 reality1 z has j be5 %[n1 ! real support+ ar*es on ! nor? & s\? side are conceal$ 9 ! w9d[ wall1 & are n sugge/$ 9 any way 9 ! int]ior decoration1 be+ only visible on ! outside4#beb ,! f\r pr9cipal pi]s are v c>efully built ( %ap$ /ones1 ! jo9ts1 accord+ to ,procopius1 be+ run ) lead1 b ! ,sil5ti>y m5tions a cem5t z be+ us$ "h4 ,! height f ! floor to ! spr++ ( ! great ar*es is sev5ty-?ree feet4 ,! ar*es ( sev5ty-two feet span h abutm5ts ( tw5ty-f\r & a half feet1 :i* are increas$ above ! vaults ( ! gynaeceum to tw5ty-n9e feet4 ,! great ar*es "u ! spr++ ( ! dome are ab\t f\r bricks1 or five feet1 ?ick4 ,! dep? at ! top1 includ+ ! cornice ( ! dome1 is ab\t six feet & ?ree qu>t]s4 ,! c5tre ( ! ar*es is two & a half feet above ! spr++1 s t !y are m ?an semicircul>4 ,9 ! int]nal angles =m$ by !m are ! f\r p5d5tives4 ,! cornice has a projection ( ab\t two feet n9e in*es4 ,! lead m5tion$ by ! ,sil5ti>y may be f\nd 9 ! int]/ices ( its /ones4 ,! dome spr+s f ! cornice on =ty pi]s1 ab\t ?ree feet five in*es broad on ! inside1 & ab\t eight & a half feet deep 9 ! direction ( ! radius4 ,!y are connect$ by ar*es :i* =m w9d[s f\r feet n9e in*es wide4 ,on ! outside ! pi]s project beyond ! ar*es1 & may p]haps at "o "t h be5 connect$ ) o!r ar*es1 =m+ a drum = ! dome3 )9 !y =m "p ( ! ribs ( ! dome4 ,9 ! int]ior ! ribs project at ! spr++ six in*es f ! surface ( ! dome1 :i* is !re tw5ty-n9e in*es ?ick1 b _! projection gradually dim9i%es1 till !y are lo/ 9 ! great circle ( ?irty-sev5 & a half feet diamet] 9 ! c5tre4 ,9 ! int]ior f rib across to rib is #ajd feet1 s t all r\nd on ! cornice is ! passage two feet n9e in*es wide1 :i*1 accord+ to ,paulus1 0 us$ by ! lamp-light]4 ,! dome rises =ty-six feet n9e in*es above ?is gangway1 s t x is consid]ably less ?an a semicircle 9 section4 ,! orig9al dome1 accord+ to ,aga?ias1 mu/ h be5 ev5 flatt]4 ,!ophanes /ates ! increase 9 height to h be5 tw5ty feet1 & ,zon>as tw5ty-five4#bec ,! dome has n[ _m swell+s & depressions :i* are n visible f ! gr\nd4 ,at ! same "t we see h[ immovable dom$ vault+ is1 if only its supports rema9 un9jur$4 ,at ! ea/ & we/ ends ( ! nave ! two cyl9drical vaults are ea* =ty-sev5 feet across4 ,!y re/ on ! f\r less] pi]s1 & h an abutm5t ( fifte5 & a half feet4 ,! f\r ex$ras are ea* =ty-"o feet across4 ,all ! con*s & semidomes h drums outside1 :i* are pi]c$ by ! w9d[s4 ,! con*s :i* cov] ! ex$ras h /rong ar*es1 :]e !y int]sect ! semidomes4 ,! weight ( ! ex$ra con*s is *iefly support$ by ! columns2 ! upp] columns ( ! s\?-ea/ ex$ra1 at ! "t ( ! la/ re/oration1 7 mu* incl9$1 & _h to be br\ght back to ! v]tical1 by propp+ ! ar*es1 cutt+ away ! old bases1 & ins]t+ new pieces--! columns be+ surr\nd$ & support$ by wood5 cradl+4 ,! ?ickness ( ! we/]n b>rel vault is f\r feet2 ! ea/]n apse is ab\t ?ree feet ?ick4 ,! we/]n semidome receiv$ an additional ?ickness at ! re/oration4 ,vault+ ( ! ,aisles4--,! ?ree pr9cipal divisions ( ea* aisle are cov]$ by domical vaults4 ,! vault ar*es re/ p>tly on columns2 & ! spaces betwe5 ^! columns & ! outside wall are also vault$4 ,! middle division ( ! nor? & s\? aisles has two domical vaults1 sep>at$ by a b>rel vault t op5s t[>ds ! nave ar*es1 & to ! w9d[ 9 ! outside wall4 ,! ar*es h iron ties f\r in*es ?ick1 :i* /ret* f ! out] wall to ! columns ( ! nave1 & grip !m tightly4 ,! f\r columns 9 ! aisles :i* c>ry ! vault are mu* l[] ?an ^? betwe5 ! aisles & nave1 & = ?is reason ! n>r[ vault$ space1 :i* jo9s ! aisle vault to ! nave arcade1 is =m$ by a /ilt$ quadrant4 ,?is arrangem5t only applies to ! l[] aisles3 above is a /ilt$ cyl9drical vault1 runn+ l5g?ways betwe5 ! ma9 gynaeceum vaults1 & ! arcade t[>ds ! nave4#bed ,"h1 besides ! iron ties1 !re are wood5 beams4 ,! l>ge ar*es 9 ! aisles are tw5ty-n9e & a half feet f column to column4 ,! domical vault+ ( ! aisles is v flat--a comb9ation ( cross gro9+ & a dome4 ,=1 ?\gh x />ts ) angles at ! f\r corn]s1 x gradually m]ges into a dome at ! apex4 ,! vault+ bricks are arrang$ 9 horizontal circles4#bee ,a diagonal b& ( mosaic />ts f ea* corn]1 & m]ges into a c5tral circle4#bef ,9 ! gynaeceum ! vault+ is high] & consi/s ( sph]ical domes1 ! radii be+ half ! diagonals ( ! spaces cov]$4 ,! mosaic decoration "h aga9 foll[s ! =m4#beg ,n>!x4--,! n>!x is cov]$ ) vaults1 simil> to ^? ( ! l[] aisles ( ! nave4 ,ea* vault$ space is sep>at$ f ! next by a segm5tal ar*1 six & a half feet wide ) a span ( tw5ty-six & a half feet1 :i* abuts on ! we/ wall ( ! nave1 & ! pi]s ( ! out] wall4 ,! vault spaces v>y f sixte5 & a half feet 9 ! middle to ?irte5 & a half feet t[>ds ! ends4 ,! pi]s ( ! out] wall are connect$ toge!r by ar*es above ! w9d[ op5+s1 & ! spaces bel[ ! w9d[s are fill$ up ) ?9 #8scre5' walls4 ,! upp] floor ( ! n>!x is cov]$ ) a semicircul> vault1 int]sect$ by ! w9d[ ar*es betwe5 ! pi]s ( ! out] wall4 ,^! pi]s are ! cont9uation ( ^? b5ea?1 & h a wid? ( six feet1 & a dep? ( sev54 ,!y _h to be> ! ?ru/ ( ! b>rel vault ( tw5ty-six & a half feet span3 ! buttresses previ\sly m5tion$1 spr++ f ! pi]s ( ! propylaeum1 7 subsequ5tly add$ to /r5g!n !m4 ,9 ! exon>!x !re are cross gro9s ) ar*es betwe54 ,! ar*es h a span ( f\rte5 & a half feet & an abutm5t ( sev5 feet4 ,?is seems to be ( a lat] con/ruction ?an ! re/ ( ! vault+1 & n improbably1 z well z ! pi]s1 belongs to a recon/ruction ( ?is por*1 und]tak5 to /r5g!n ! we/ wall ( ! n>!x4 ,all ! ar*es ( ! nave :i* /& on columns h iron ties2 & to ! ?ree l>ge op5+s ( ! gynaeceum at ! we/ end ( ! nave !re are wood5 b9d]s z well4 ,9 ! l[] r[s ( w9d[s b5ea? ! dome on bo? ! nor? & s\? sides ( ! nave iron ties c be se51 :i* seem to /ret* across ! :ole wid? ( ! l>ge ar*es :i* support ! dome4 ,ro(s4--,all ! ext]ior vaults are cov]$ ) lead ab\t a qu>t] ( an in* ?ick1 :i* re/s on a lay] ( wood5 batt5s plac$ imm$iately ^u ! brick vaults4 ,!re are sev]al passages & /aircases = access to ! ro(s4 ,access to ! ext]ior ( ! side aisles & n>!x is ga9$ by ! /aircases 9 ! buttress pi]s3 ! /airs are support$ on brick ar*es4 ,9 ! nor?-ea/ pi] ! /air space is only f\r feet eight in*es by six feet sev5 in*es1 & 9 ?is are plac$ ! flights ( /airs two feet eight in*es wide1 ) a space ( fifte5 in*es betwe54#beh ,at ! top ( ea* flight spaces are holl[$ out 9 ! wall1 :i* s]ve z l&+s f "o flight to ano!r4 ,^! /airs asc5d above ! ro(s ( ! side aisles to ! upp] "p ( ! buttress pi]s1 f :i* op5 passages1 ) brea/-walls on ei!r side1 lead above ! buttress pi]s to ! angles at ! base ( ! dome4 ,!re 7 two flights ( /eps lead+ to ! plat=m ( ! dome3 "o ( ^! on ! s\?-ea/1 :i* ,salz5b]g %[s dott$ 9 ,plate viii41 is /ill q pres]v$1 ?\gh injur$ at ! upp] end2 rema9s too c /ill be trac$ ( ! nor?-we/ /air4 ,a door n[ built up1 on ! nor? side ( ! s\?-ea/ /air1 & rema9s ( vault+ 9 ! nor?-we/ /air1 seem to %[ t o!r passages mu/ h exi/$4 ,! ro( ( ! cyl9drical vault+ at ! we/ end ( ! nave is rea*$ by means ( /airs 9 ! small r\nd t[]s1 :i* flank x on ! outside4#bei ,^! turrets c also be rea*$ f ! ro( ( ! n>!x4 ,ano!r passage runs along "u ! n>!x ro( at ! we/ 7,salz41 ,plate ix471 :i* has an op5+ close to ! upp] surface ( ! vault+1 & f !nce any "p above ! nave c be rea*$4 ,probably ?is 0 =m]ly us$ = ! light+ ( ! *ur*4 ,to rea* ! cornice at ! foot ( ! dome !re 0 an op5+ 9 ! wall "u "o ( ! dome w9d[s4 ,decorative ,"w4--,all ! con/ructional =ms 7 %[n boldly on ! outside )\t any adornm5t2 ! we/ front ( ! n>!x next to ! atrium 0 alone cov]$ ) slabs ( ,proconnesian m>ble1 "s ( :i* are /ill pres]v$1 b ! upp] wall surfaces 7 p]fectly pla94 ,9 ! int]ior ! :ole ( ! walls are plat$ ) r>e v>iegat$ m>bles1 & ! vaults are cov]$ ) glass mosaic4 ,two *ief masses ( col\r 9 ! nave are sep>at$ horizontally by a cornice1 & ano!r cornice =ms ! spr++ = ! vault+4 ,!re are also cornices at ! foot ( ! dome1 & ar\nd ! walls ( ! aisles4 ,all ^! are ( c>v$ :ite m>ble 9 simple pr(iles4 ,! l[] range ( ar* sp&rils betwe5 ! pi]s ( ! nave is =m$ ( slabs ( :ite m>ble completely cov]$ ) c>v+3 ! upp] sp&rils above ! gynaeceum ar*es h sectile "w ( col\r$ m>bles4 ,! c>v+ is %>ply cut1 b con=ms v closely to ! g5]al surfaces2 accord+ to ! old descriptions x 0 gilt1 & rema9s ( col\r /ill extant %[ "s ( ! leaf-ornam5t col\r$ ) a d>k r$4#bfj ,columns4--,among/ ! columns are beautiful examples ( ! d>k gre5 ,!ssalian m>ble1 n[ call$ v]de antico4 ,( ?is are =m$ all ! r\nd columns 9 ! nave & gr\nd-floor aisles1 ) ! exception ( ! eight 9 ! f\r ex$ras1 :i* are ( d>k ,!ban porphyry4 ,x c\ld n h be5 always possible to f9d a suffici5t numb] ( columns ( ! same height & diamet]1 & ! transport ( !m mu/ h be5 frequ5tly accompani$ by injuries ( "o k9d or ano!r4 ,!re are diff]5ces betwe5 simil>ly situat$ columns1 & 9 _m cases m5d$ fractures appe> on ! surface ( ! m>ble4 ,9 no cases are antique capitals plac$ on ^! columns4 ,all ! capitals & bases are ( ,proconnesian m>ble1 & 7 wr\ght by ,byzant9e *isels4 ,! great] "p ( ! capitals are simil> 9 design1 ?\gh _! size v>ies 9 proportion to ! height ( ! columns :i* support !m4 ,salz5b]g1 9 ,figs1 #a & #c ( 8 ,plate xv41 %[s "o ( ! capitals ( ! great ord]4 ,! leaf-"w on !m--p>tly acan?us & p>tly palm--is v deeply und]cut1 & lies almo/ cle> ( ! gr\nd und]nea?4 ,9 ! middle ( front & back are monograms4 ,"u ! capitals are bronze r+s elev5 & half in*es high2 ea* is compos$ ( ?ree memb]s1 ) a wr\ght lock on ! side t[>ds ! nave1 on :i* is repeat$ ! monogram ( ea* capital4 ,at ! foot ( ! columns above ! bases are simil> r+s n9e in*es high4 ,^! r+s occur on all ! old columns1 ) ! exception ( ! two dual columns ( ! we/ gall]y4 ,!y seem to be let into ! %aft1 &1 accord+ to ! description ( ! ,sil5ti>y1 !y 7 gild$4 ,9 addition to ^! r+s1 !re are on o!r columns--z1 = in/ance1 ! porphyry columns ( ! ex$ras--simple r+s1 rectangul> 9 section1 9 positions :]e cracks & injuries appe>2 !re be+ ?ree or f\r su* r+s on a column at diff]5t heights4 ,x is possible t "s ( ^! are ( ,turki% orig94 ,! bases z a rule h mu* ! same =m z ! ,attic base2 ! porphyry columns ( ! ex$ras h p$e/als#bfa bel[ !m1 because ! %afts 7 n long en\gh4 ,ea* ( ! great v]de antique %afts has a height ( tw5ty-five & a half feet1 & ! bronze base-r+ has an inside diamet] ( ?ree feet sev5 in*es4 ,! capital is ?ree feet t5 in*es high1 & ! upp] "p five feet eight in*es wide1 ! :ole height1 includ+ base & capital1 be+ ?irty-?ree & a half feet4 ,! porphyry columns ( ! we/]n ex$ras h a total height ( ?irty-"o feet2 ! %afts are tw5ty-two feet & ?ree-qu>t]s long1 & ! diamet] at ! bottom is ?ree feet "o in*4 ,! capital is f\r feet high1 & ! abacus above measures t[>ds ! nave f\r feet n9e in*es1 & t[>ds ! aisles f\r feet elev5 in*es4 ,9 ! direction ( ! ?ickness ( ! ar* ! side ( ! abacus measures five feet1 ! v>iation be+ due to ! circul> plan ( ex$ras4 ,! columns ( ! upp] /orey1 :i* sep>ate ! gynaeceum & ! nave1 also ( v]de antique1 /& ne>] to "o ano!r & are small] ?an ^? bel[4 ,! total height ( ^? 9 ! middle division is tw5ty-two feet five in*es2 ^? 9 ! ex$ras are tw5ty-"o feet1 ) a diamet] at ! bottom ( two & a qu>t] feet4 ,! capitals are ?ree & a half feet high1 & ! bases1 includ+ a six-in* bronze r+1 two feet "o in*4#bfb ,! p>apet is ?ree feet t5 in*es high1 & ( :ite m>ble4#bfc ,x /&s betwe5 ! columns1 & l !m is set on a /ylobate "o foot six in*es high1 above ! l[] cornice4 ,x %\ld be notic$ h[ ! wide vault+ ( ! aisles is contriv$1 s z n to int]f]e ) ! view ?r\gh ! ar*$ op5+s ( ! l[] range ( columns4 ,! columns 9 ! int]ior ( ! gr\nd-floor aisles are ab\t tw5ty-f\r feet sev5 in*es high4 ,^! capitals are simil> to ^? already describ$4 ,^? 9 ! int]ior ( ! gynaeceum1 ) %afts ( ,proconnesian m>ble1 h capitals ( q ano!r =m4#bfd ,!y are v simil> to o!rs 9 ! *ur* ( ,,ss4 ,s]gius & ,bac*us2 ! tw9 columns 9 ! gynaeceum at ! we/ end ( ! nave h simil> capitals2 ! columns be+ v]de antique4 ,9 ^! capitals1 h[ev]1 ! volutes are n arrang$ diagonally1 b %[ 8cu%ions0 at ! side4 ,! capitals 9 ! atrium resembl$ ^? ( ! tw9 columns2 ?\gh ! cu%ion 0 %ort] & ! top _h less projection1 & x 0 cr[n$ ) a flat egg & tongue m\ld+4 ,! capitals & %afts 7 ( :ite m>ble4 ,! beautiful squ>e capitals ( ! eight squ>e :ite m>ble pill>s 9 ! aisles are %[n 9 ,salz5b]g's ,plate xvi4 ,! ar*es ( ! great ord] h an elaborate leaf-ornam5t r\nd !m1 cont9u+ above ! capitals 9 a horizontal l9e1 resembl+ 9 fact an ar*itrave4 ,9 ! c5tre above ea* capital is a cross1 & at ! cr[n ( ! ar* is a f\r or six-arm$ cross4 ,! sp&rils are fill$ ) acan?us-ornam5t1 & 9 ! c5tre ( ea* is a disc ( col\r$ m>ble-surr\nd$ by a c>v$ circle 9 ! :ite m>ble4 ,! ornam5t ( ! intrados ( ! ar*es consi/s ( five divisions 9 ! wid?3 ^! are cov]$ ) a cont9u\s patt]n1 sev5 slabs cas+ ! intrados ( ! ar*4 ,! five b&s are only c>v$ alt]nately1 ! c5tre & lat]al ones be+ pla94 ,see our ,fig4 #ej4 ,! respond on ! ma9 pi] at ea* end ( ?is arcade is a k9d ( pila/] /rip1#bfe surm\nt$ by a capital 9 l[ relief1 & surr\nd$ by a not*$ bord]4 ,! two cornices runn+ r\nd ! nave1 :i* s]ve z gall]ies = ! lamplight]s1 h an extremely simple pr(ile4 ,! slant+ "u-surface1 divid$ horizontally by a r[ ( beads1 has acan?us-leaves 9 ! upp] "p =m+ a cymatium1 & 9 ! l[] modillions c>v$ ) ivy & acan?us1 & betwe5 !m1 panels ) diff]5t leaf-ornam5ts4 ,b5ea? ! aisle cornice is a frieze ( m>ble mosaic4 ,! base m\ld+s or skirt+s are work$ out ( ?9 slabs4#bff ,salz5b]g's ,plate xx4 conta9s a collection ( ar*itectural details1 :i* seem to belong to diff]5t p]iods2 ,figs4 #a1 #b1 #c repres5t "o ( ! :ite m>ble capitals :i* adorn ! two porphyry columns ( ! s\?-ea/ por*4 ,! ar* above !m is ,turki%1 & h5ce x may be que/ion$ if ?is 0 _! orig9al position3 !y seem m int5d$ = an ornam5tal /ructure ?an to support a load1 & !y may p]haps h belong$ to a ciborium above ! holy table4 ,! two m>ble capitals 7,figs4 #d & #e71 only ?ree in*es ?ick1 7 f\nd 9 ! *amb] 9 ! nor?-ea/ buttress mass1 above ! gynaeceum ro(1 toge!r ) brok5 pieces f a w9d[4 ,!y may orig9ally h belong$ to ! upp] "p ( ! build+1 su* z ! w9d[ wall "u ! nor? ar* ( ! dome4#bfg ,! workman%ip is v diff]5t f t 9 ! re/ ( ! *ur*1 & is m closely alli$ ) anci5t treatm5t4 ,p]haps !y are fragm5ts f ! e>li] *ur* :i* f\nd a fre% application 9 ,ju/9ian's build+4 ,! p>apet pill>s betwe5 ! tw9 columns ( ! we/]n gynaeceum1 ) tall p$e/als1 are ea* =m$ 9 "o piece ( v]de antique4 ,_! capitals resemble ^? ( ! w9d[s1#bfh ) ! exception t ! =m] are r\nd$ und]nea? in/ead ( be+ squ>e4 ,! wood ties :i* span diff]5t ar*es are adorn$ on ! sides & b5ea? ) c>v+s4#bfi ,w9d[s & ,doors4--,! light+ ( ! *ur* is mo/ brilliant2 :]ev] space or con/ruction p]mitt$1 w9d[s ( consid]able size 7 op5$1 s t light floods ! :ole *ur*4 ,at ! foot ( ! dome ! light /reams 9 ?r\gh =ty w9d[s1 & ea* ( ! sev5 apses has five op5+s4 ,! ea/]n sun s5ds its fir/ rays ?r\gh ! six w9d[s 9 ! apse1 & ! sett+ sun %9es ?r\gh ! great we/ lunette4 ,!re are tw5ty-f\r w9d[s 9 ! two great tympana1 besides l>ge w9d[s 9 ! aisles4 ,! w9d[s 9 ! con*s ( ! ex$ras are n[ clos$ up1 ! gr\p$ w9d[s 9 ! great tympana on ! nor? & s\? are dim9i%$ to insignificant op5+s1 & ! l>ge ar*$ op5+s at ! sides or ! end divisions ( ! aisles seem ev5 9 ,byzant9e times to h be5 r$uc$ 9 size2 at lea/ ! rema9s ( pi]s1 %[n 9 ,salz5b]g's ,plate xiii41 indicate t !re 0 orig9ally an op5+ ) pila/]s1 simil> to ^? at ! ea/]n end ( ! side aisles4#bgj ,x is said t ,ju/9ian gave in/ructions t combu/ible mat]ials %\ld be avoid$4 ,if s1 ^! in/ructions 7 foll[$ ev5 to ! w9d[s & doors1 = ! lattice-"w ( ! =m] is ( m>ble1 & ! panels ( ! latt] are ( bronze1 or r !y are cov]$ ) bronze4 ,salz5b]g#bga gives ! inside elevation & section ( a w9d[ on ! s\? side ( ! gynaeceum1 ) details on a l>g] scale4 ,! op5+ 9 ! wall is brick-ar*$1 & ! framework consi/s ( upright po/s1 ) a ?9 horizontal ar*itrave divid+ ! w9d[ into two p>ts4 ,betwe5 ^! po/s 7 fitt$ ! brea/-wall & lattice-"w4 ,! po/s are n>r[ t[>ds ! outside1 & ! ends ( ! ar*itrave re/ on ?9 pieces aga9/ ! jambs4 ,! #8brea/-wall' at ! bottom ( ! op5+ & ! #8lattice-"w' are =m$ ( m>ble1 ?ree in*es ?ick4 ,! op5+s pi]c$ 9 ! slabs are ab\t sev5 or eight in*es high1 fill$ ) panes ( glass4 ,betwe5 ! panes ! m>ble has a wid? ( ?ree & a half in*es1 slightly splay$ on ! inside4 ,a second r[ ( slabs fills ! l[] "p ( ! w9d[s pi]c$ ) op5+s1 surr\nd$ by wid] m>g9s4#bgb ,! great semicircul> we/ w9d[ is divid$ v]tically by two columns ) pla9 capitals & bases2 ! horizontal division f column to column is simil> to ! cr[n+ memb] ( ! brea/-wall ( ! o!r w9d[s4 ,! l[] "p is fill$ ) m>ble slabs1 :i* conceal ! ro( ( ! we/]n gynaeceum4 ,ea* panel is ornam5t$ ) a cross ^u a circle1 & )9 ! latt] is a monogram4 ,! small w9d[s are simply fill$ ) m>ble lattice = ! glass4 ,inside ! apse w9d[s ( ! ea/ end are o!r w9d[s hav+ col\r$ glaz+2 b ^! are evid5tly ,turki%4 ,m>ble door jambs 7 plac$ 9 ! op5+s left 9 ! walls1 j z ! po/s 7 ins]t$ 9 ! w9d[s2 ! middle1 or ,royal ,door1 f ! n>!x to ! nave1 is ( bronze4 ,all ! frames 7 m\ld$1 & above are fix$ door-hooks1 l b5t =ef+]s2 ^! held r+s & lea!r fa/5+s1 f :i* 7 susp5d$ ! cu/om>y door-hang+s4 ,! l9tel ( ! bronze door-frame be>s a relief4 ,?is repres5ts an ar*1 support$ by columns above a ?rone ) ! book ( ! ,gospel & ! desc5t ( ! ,holy ,gho/ 9 ! =m ( a dove4 ,on x are ! words ( ,s4 ,john1 #8,! ,"l said1 ,i am ! door ( ! %eep2 ?r\gh me if any man ent]1 he %all ent] & %all g out1 & %all f9d pa/ure4' ,! simple bronze door-plat+ n[ rema9+ does n seem to be orig9al4 ,see p4 #bfe4 ,salz5b]g1#bgc z an example ( ! m>ble frames1 gives ! ea/ door ( nor? aisle4 ,l all ,byzant9e door-frames1 ! head does n cut across ! jamb1 b mitres4 ,?is p]haps made x easi] = fix+ )9 ! op5+s left 9 ! walls4 ,salz5b]g#bgd also repres5ts ! ar*$ op5+1 :i* /&s betwe5 ! ,bapti/]y & ! small c\rt on ! s\? side ( ! *ur*4#bge ,!re are two ti]s ( columns1 ) a ?9 ar*itrave b& betwe5 !m4 ,! door /&s betwe5 ! l[] columns2 to avoid conceal+ !m ! frame is made z small z possible1 z ! plan %[s4 ,a simil> arrangem5t is f\nd 9 ! e>li] *ur* ( ,s4 ,john ,/udius4#bgf ,! bronze door-plat+ on ! ext]ior ( ! s\? por* entrance is extremely int]e/+4#bgg ,a wood5 f\ndation f\r or five in*es ?ick is cov]$ ) ornam5tal bronze cas+s4 ,! bord]s to ! panels are beautifully modell$1 & mu/ be anci5t4 ,! o!r out] m>g9s1 ) knobs & rosettes1 & ! f\r panels1 :i* are decorat$ ) monograms1 belong to ! ,byzant9e s*ool4 ,9 ! m anci5t p>ts ! metal is "o-eigh? to "o-f\r? in* 9 ?ickness1 9 ! latt] x is ?ree-eigh?s to half an in*4 ,antique doors mu/ h be5 enl>g$ & fitt$ ) new panel plates4 ,m>ble ,plat+4--,broad horizontal b&s run r\nd ! nave at diff]5t heights1 & ! spaces betwe5 !m are fill$ ) s+le panels & v]tical %ea?+4 ,all ! b&s & panels h not*$ fillets1 #a wide1 ( :ite m>ble z bord]s4 ,! m important panels h sculptur$ :ite m>ble frames1 elev5 in*es wide ) a 8pat] no/]0 & not*$-fillet bord]s on ei!r side4 ,! sp&rils ( ! upp] ar*es & ! b&s b5ea? ! topmo/ cornices are incru/$ ) designs ( leaves1 fl[]s1 fruits1 & birds =m$ ( diff]5t k9ds ( m>ble4 ,! m>ble cas+ to ! walls ( ! nave is arrang$ z foll[s4#bgh ,above ! skirt+ is a #c4aj b& ( v]de antique1 !n ! not*$ fillet1 !n a #a4e yell[ b& ori5tal alaba/]2 above ?is is a v]tical %eet+ #g4aj =m$ ( ,pavonazzetto m>ble1 alt]nat+ ) a yell[i% br[n m>ble2 !n ano!r horizontal b& ( yell[4 ,above ?is /ret*es a s]ies ( panels r\nd ! :ole nave--a panel ( rosso1 ) two v]tical slabs ( a d>k m>ble l porto v5]e on ei!r side1 ea* surr\nd$ by ! sculptur$ frames4 ,! space f ! top ( ?is s]ies to ! l[e/ cornice is adorn$ ) two b&s ( yell[ alaba/]1 & betwe5 !m is %ea?+ simil> to t bel[4 ,! upp] division ( ! nave />ts above ! cornice ) horizontal b&s ( :ite & v]de antique2 above :i* are v]tical panels ( porphyry1 set 9 a frame ( yell[ alaba/]1 ) slabs ( ! russet m>ble on ei!r side4 ,!n foll[s ano!r horizontal b& ( ori5tal alaba/]1 & above x a range ( v]tical slabs ( v]de antique alt]nat+ ) ,synnadan4 ,beyond ?is aga91 & imm$iately bel[ ! upp] cornice1 is ! b& made up ( diff]5t m>bles#bgi opus sectile4 ,a d>k br[n m>ble =ms ! gr\ndwork1 ! t5dril ornam5t is :ite1 & ! re/ is ( r$1 l rosso antico1 & ( gre5 s]p5t9e4 ,simil> "w incru/s ! sp&rils ( ! gynaeceum arcade4 ,! c5tre ( ea* is a disc ( gre5 m>ble1 & ! :ole sp&ril is edg$ by a ?ree-in* /rip ( pale r$4 ,above ! c5tre ( ea* ar* 9 ?is sp&ril decoration are discs conta9+ crosses1 f ! arms ( :i* hang seals4#bhj ,! s(fites ( ! ar*es are cov]$ ) glass mosaic4 ,! aisles are l9$ ) m>bles simil>ly arrang$ to ^? 9 ! nave4 ,! walls ( ! bema are cov]$ ) panels ( inlaid m>ble4#bha ,^! panels 9 pairs are sep>at$ by a pla9 slab ( porphyry4 ,by ! side ( ! ar*$ op5+ into ! gynaeceum is a panel ( porphyry ) a patt]n 9 slight relief1 & surr\nd$ ) yell[ alaba/]4 ,! ar*$ op5+ into ! gynaeceum is clos$ ) a p>apet ( :ite m>ble1 ) a c>v$ framework above1 =m]ly fitt$1 z holes %[1 ) a metal lattice4 ,! l[] division ( ! bema walls is decorat$ by two r[s ( panels1 divid$ by a horizontal b& ( v]de antique4 ,salz5b]g's ,plate xxii41 ,fig4 #f1 %[s ! frieze directly bel[ ! bema cornice1 & ! top ( a porphyry pila/]-/rip ) a capital ( :ite m>ble2 a simil> pila/] fills ! n>r[ space on ea* side ( ! apse4 ,! walls ( ! apse are %[n on ,salz5b]g's ,plate xxi4 ,! frieze b5ea? ! cornice is giv5 9 ,plate xxii41 ,fig4 #h4 ,! porphyry gr\nd has an inlaid patt]n :i* slightly projects3 ! s]p5t9e 9 ! frieze1 ,fig4 #f1 also projects f its rosso gr\nd4 ,! l[] portion ( ! apse1 =m]ly occupi$ by ! seats ( ! prie/s1 is n[ plat$ ) a :ite gray m>ble4 ,?is is probably ,turki%4 ,! height ( ?is probably gives ! height ( ! icono/asis1 z !re is no sign ( any *ange 9 ! decoration above4 ,! m>ble is fix$ to ! wall ) a d>k br[n res94 ,9 ! opus sectile1 pieces ( col\r$ m>ble ab\t a qu>t] ( an in* ?ick 7 cut to ! =ms ( ! design1 & !n laid ) _! poli%$ faces d[nw>d at ! bottom ( a m\ld2 on ?is 0 p\r$ a ?ree-qu>t] in* back+ ( res9 mix$ ) bits ( /one & brick4 ,:5 set1 ! slabs s =m$ 7 atta*$ to ! wall ) cem5t4 ,! l>ge m>ble slabs are "o to two in*es ?ick1 &1 besides ! cem5t1 are fa/5$ to ! walls by iron 8 bronze clamps4 ,! pavem5ts ( gr\nd floor & gynaeceum are ( :ite m>ble ) d>k gray /ripes4 ,proconnesian4 ,9 ! s\?-ea/ angle ( ! squ>e area "u ! dome is a squ>e ( m>ble mosaic1 ( :i* details are giv5 9 ,salz5b]g's ,plate xxii41 ,figs4 #i-ae4 ,x is =m$ ( a circul> c5trepiece ( a gray br[n granite1 t5 feet two in*es 9 diamet]1 r\nd :i* are arrang$ col\r$ m>ble discs ( v>i\s sizes1 set 9 a mosaic ( m>bles1 ) a little glass mosaic 9 ! angles4 ,9 ! c5tre ( ! we/ end ( ! gynaeceum is a squ>e ( ab\t tw5ty-f\r feet 9 ! pavem5t laid ) slabs ( 8gray cipoll9o0 ,proconnesian1 hav+ a bord] ( v]de antique1 ) a patt]n$ edg+#bhb ( giallo & rosso on "o side1 & giallo & s]p5t9e on ! o!r4 ,betwe5 ?is & ! p>apet is a circul> slab ( v]de antique f\r feet sev5 in*es 9 diamet]4 ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,! ,,anci5t ,,prec9cts ,,& ,,ext]nal ,,p>ts ,,( ,,! ,,*ur* ,palace4--,be=e ent]+ on p>ticul>s ( ! ext]ior ( ! *ur*1 x w be well to h a cle>] view ( ! edifices 9 its imm$iate neighb\rhood z !y appe>$ 9 ! "t ( ,ju/9ian4 ,! gr\p ( build+s ( :i* ! ,augu/eum 0 ! c5tre 0 pr(\ndly modifi$ by ! fire ( ! ,nika ,s$ition1 & by ! build+ en]gy ( ! emp]or4 ,! rese>*es ( ,lab>te & ,paspates h be5 almo/ entirely conf9$ to ! elucidation ( ! palace z x exi/$ 9 ! t5? c5tury4 ,a re/oration ( ! relative position ( ! sev]al p>ts ( ! palace1 unless by ! discov]y ( rema9s positive evid5ce is obta9$1 is c]ta9ly impossible2 ! attempt ( ,lab>te 0 wor? mak+1 b ,paspates1 9 br++ =w>d ano!r s*eme1 seems only to h succe$$ 9 %[+ h[ conjectural ! :ole matt] is1 al?\gh he speaks ( c]ta9 scraps ( walls z belong+ to ?is or t "p ( ! palace ) z mu* confid5ce z if he _h f\nd !m labell$4 ,8 "w c>ries int]nal evid5ce ( ! greate/ inexactness & confusion1 & has prov$ mo/ mislead+1 al?\gh 8 citations are valuable4 ,x %\ld n be assum$ t :]ev] a palace is m5tion$ by ! hi/orians ! 8,great ,palace0 is ! "o ref]r$ to1 & x mu/ be rememb]$ t ! palace describ$ 9 ! ,c]emonies 0 ! result ( gradual gr[?3 inde$1 :at is requir$ is a *ronological analysis ( its hi/ory4 ,we h se5 9 ! fir/ *apt] t accord+ to ! ,pas*al ,*ronicle ,con/ant9e built a palace by ! hippodrome1 & ! ,notitia m5tions ! palaces ( ,placidia & ,m>9a 9 ! same neighb\rhood4 ,accord+ to ,procopius ! palace 0 almo/ rebuilt by ,ju/9ian1 b he only specifically m5tions ! ,*alk4 ,rema9s ( a palace n[ on ! sea-wall1 exactly to ! s\? ( ! curve ( ! hippodrome1 are ?\ght to be portions ( ! palace 8,hormisdas0 :i* ,ju/9ian occupi$ be=e he came to ! ?rone 7,b1 on ,plan1 ,fig4 #b74 ,close to ! sea-wall f>!r to ! we/ 0 ! d\ble *ur* ( ,,ss4 ,s]gius & ,bac*us & ,,ss4 ,pet] & ,paul1 ( :i* ! fir/ survives z ,little ,sancta ,sophia 7,a1 on ,fig4 #b74 ,^! 7 e>ly works ( ,ju/9ian1 & 8 monogram & t ( ,!odora appe> on ! capitals ( ,s4 ,s]gius4 ,procopius tells u t ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,s]gius 0 8close to ! k+'s palace :i* 0 =m]ly call$ by ! "n ( ,hormisdas4 ,?is 0 once 8 own private h\se10 & :5 he became emp]or 8he jo9$ x to ! o!r imp]ial ap>tm5ts40 ,! ,great ,palace 0 high] up ! slope1 aga9/ ! hippodrome & ,augu/eum1 to :i* its gates op5$4 ,x 0 long aft] ,ju/9ian t ! great palace rea*$ its maximum developm5t2 ! ,*rysotricl9um 0 erect$ by 8 successor ,ju/9 ,,ii4 ,! h\ses ( ,m>9a & ,placidia 7 /ill 9 use at ! end ( ! six? c5tury1 al?\gh ?is is m5tion$ by nei!r ,lab>te nor ,paspates4 ,! w$d+ ( ! daught] ( ,phocas 0 celebrat$ 9 ! =m]1#bhc & 8! ,royal palace ( ,placidia0 is ref]r$ to by ,john ( ,ephesus4 ,! writ] tells u t ,tib]ius ,,ii41 ! successor ( ,ju/9 ,,ii41 made l>ge additions to ! palace4 ,be=e he reign$ alone ! wife & daught]s ( ,tib]ius occupi$ ! h\se ( ,hormisdas1 8z x 0 situat$ j bel[ ! palace1 & he w\ld g d[n & sp5d ! ev5+ ) !m & return e>ly 9 ! morn+ to ! palace40#bhd ,ju/9ian ,,ii4 also add$ to ! palace1 & 9 ! n9? c5tury ,!ophilus built ! ,tricon*a4 ,basil ! ,mac$onian /ill fur!r increas$ ! assemblage ( build+s4 ,x is cle> t 9 ! "t ( ,ju/9ian !re 7 at lea/ f\r m or less sep>ate palaces gr\p$ toge!r--! ,great ,palace1 ,hormisdas1 & ^? ( ,m>9a & ,placidia4 ,hippodrome4--,! in=mation 9 reg>d to ! hippodrome br\ght toge!r 9 ! works be=e m5tion$1 & by ,gyllius1 _c be recapitulat$ "h4#bhe ,z ! gr\nd fell away /eeply t[>ds ! s\?1 t end _h to be rais$ high on vaults1 & ?is reta9+ wall1 p]haps =ty feet high1 =m+ a semicircul> curve1 /ill exi/s4#bhf ,on ei!r side rose ! ti]s ( ! m>ble seats4 ,at ! nor? end 0 ! royal /&1 call$ ,ka?isma1 f :i* ! emp]ors wat*$ ! games2 ?is 0 rais$ above ar*$ *amb]s1 :]e ! *>iots = ! ar5a 7 kept4 ,! s\?-we/ end 0 call$ ,sph5done--,! ,curve4 ,a r\gh draft ( ,con/ant9ople1 made e>ly 9 ! fifte5? c5tury = ,bondelmontius1 reproduc$ by ,mordtmann1 %[s columns /&+ on ! reta9+ wall ar\nd ?is curv$ end4 ,a cle> repres5tation ( ?is semicircle ( columns is also giv5 9 ! ,nuremb]g ,*ronicle4 ,b&uri reproduces f ,panv9ius1 :o wrote 9 ! middle ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 a draw+ ( ! hippodrome :i* seems to h be5 made ) consid]able c>e4 ,b5ea? x is writt51 8,! ru9s ( ! circus or hippodrome ( ,con/ant9ople z !y 7 a hundr$ ye>s be=e ! capture ( ! city by ! ,turks40#bhg ,b t x %\ld h be5 9 a ru9\s /ate at ?is "t is n borne out by ! acc\nts ( writ]s l ,clavijo & ,bondelmontius1 :o describ$ x 9 ! g5]ation be=e ! ,fall3 on ! contr>y1 we %\ld suppose ?is to be "o ( ! draughts = ! ,v5ice view ( ! city publi%$ ab\t #aegj1 ) :i* x agrees 9 _m respects4#bhh ,?is bird's-eye view %[s ! monum5ts on ! ,sp9a1 ! ,gr& ,/& & its 8,podium0 ( vaults1 & also ! high ext]nal reta9+ wall ( ! curve1 above :i* ! columns aga9 appe>1 b set back f its face1 s z to leave a passage outside ! columns1 ! out] wall be+ f9i%$ ) a battlem5t4 ,x is true t 9 ! engrav+ x is r5d]$ z if ^! columns 7 atta*$ to a wall1 or r z if a wall 7 built betwe5 ! columns1 = !y appe> bo? inside & out2 b ?is int]pretation _c be giv5 to a description ( ?is colonnade by ,gyllius4#bhi 8,9 ! front ( ! hippodrome fac+ ! ,propontis !re 0 a range ( sev5te5 pill>s ( :ite m>ble /&+ :5 ,i fir/ came to ,con/ant9ople1 go+ r\nd t "p ( ! hippodrome :i* lies betwe5 s\? & we/40 ,!y /ood on a l[ wall1 ab\t two feet six in*es high t[>ds ! hippodrome1 b outside x 0 fifty feet to ! gr\nd4 ,!y 7 ( ! ,cor9?ian ord]1 ?ree feet five in*es 9 diamet] & tw5ty-eight feet high1 /&+ elev5 feet ap>t on p$e/als2 above !m 0 an ar*itrave to :i* r+s 7 fix$ = curta9s4 8,above 0 ano!r range ( pill>s1 :i* 7 rema9+ "s "t aft] ! tak+ ( ! city by ! ,turks40 ,^! la/ 7 only report$ to ,gyllius2 & if we accept su* a second ti] we may suppose t x rang$ ) a colonnade surm\nt+ ! conta9+ wall ( ! t]races ( seats4 ,paspates makes f ?is acc\nt a wond]ful & impossible arrangem5t2 he supposes ! fir/-m5tion$ columns to h be5 cont9u$ along ! ext]nal sides ( ! hippodrome1 he fur!r re>s ! second range on !m1 & ?is he ?9ks upheld ! imm5se mass ( ! ris+ seats4 8,if we suppose10 he says1 8! height ( ^? 9 ! upp] r[ to h be5 tw5ty-"o feet1 we h ab\t fifty-six feet z ! height ( ! wall on :i* ! seats = ! spectators 7 built40 ,^! columns probably =m$ an op5 scre5 ?r\gh :i* ! spectators might see ! sp>kl+ wat]s ( ! ,propontis1 set ) ! blue jewels ( ,pr9ce's ,isl&s & ! :ite peaks ( ,olympus ris+ f> away to ! left--"o ( ! mo/ beautiful sc5es 9 ! _w4 ,?is addition ( a natural spectacle beh9d ! sc5e 0 frequ5tly obta9$ 9 anci5t !atres3 ! be/ kn[n is t at ,taorm9a4 ,clavijo#bij speaks ( ! hippodrome z be+ 8surr\nd$ by :ite m>ble pill>s10 b he adds 8?irty-sev5 9 numb]40 ,! anonym\s ,russian :o wrote ab\t ! same "t says 8?irty columns & _! summits are unit$ by an ar*itrave40 ,see ,fig4 #b4 ,an 8op5 hippodrome0 & a 8cov]$ hippodrome0 are m5tion$ by ! ,byzant9e writ]s4 ,lab>te di/+ui%+ !m1 plac$ ! latt] )9 ! palace4 ,byeljayev1 h[ev]1 conjectures t ! cov]$ hippodrome 0 a "p ( ! ,great ,hippodrome4 ,be ?is z x may1 ! 8r+s = curta9s0 ( ,gyllius sugge/ t portions 7 %elt]$ by a ,vel>ium4 ,bondelmontius#bia writes ?us ( ! hippodrome3 8,9 x ^? cf noble bir? j\/ 9 ! pres5ce ( ! p1 & !re are combats & t\rnam5ts4 ,x is #fij brac*ia long & #acd wide1 & x is built above vaults1 9 :i* a ci/]n ( ! be/ wat] cov]s ! :ole ( ! space m5tion$4 ,at ! head ( ! hippodrome are high pill>s ( ,ka?isma :]e ! emp]or sits ) 8 nobles1 & on bo? sides 9 its l5g? are seats ( m>ble arrang$ 9 /eps :]e ! p sit & see all ! games40 ,on ! outside t[>ds ,s4 ,sophia !re 0 ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,/eph51 8f ! gall]ies ( :i* ! ladies wat*$ _! *os5 *ampions40 ,on ! ,sp9a he notices a f\nta9 :]e ! w\nd$ 7 laid1 ! two obelisks1 & ! ?ree s]p5ts 8) op5 m\?s f :i*1 x is said1 on days ( j\/+ wat]1 w9e1 & milk us$ to sp\t40 ,at ! end ( ! ,sp9a 7 f\r small m>ble columns :]e ! emp]or sat on fea/ days4#bib ,besides ! bronze s]p5t9e column f ,delphi1 !re /ill /&s 9 ! hippodrome an ,egyptian obelisk1 set up by ,!odosius ,i4 on a p$e/al sculptur$ ) a repres5tation ( ! emp]or view+ ! games f ! ,ka?isma1 & a record ( ! me?ods us$ 9 erect+ ! obelisk by means ( ropes & w9*es4 ,nicetas 9 8 life ( ,s4 ,ignatius says t a braz5 p9e-apple surm\nt$ ?is obelisk4 ,a ?ird monum5t is a l>ge built-up obelisk ( /one1 pitt$ all ov] :]e p9s :i* atta*$ bronze plates 7 ins]t$4 ,an inscription (t5 quot$1 records t ,con/ant9e1 fa!r ( ,romanus1 repair$ x & add$ to its beauty4 ,! cas+ ( bronze 0 probably cov]$ ) reliefs & ornam5t1 z 0 ! case ) ! pill> 9 ! ,augu/eum1 & ! anemodulium1 :i* 0 set up by ,!odosius 9 ! ,=um ,tauri4 ,?is la/ 0 an obelisk entirely cas$ ) bronze1 8hav+ reliefs#bic ( cattle1 %eep & skipp+ lambs2 peasants lab\r+ or play+ on _! pipes1 & birds2 !re 0 also repres5t$ ! sea1 & sea-gods1 & cupids play+ at ball4 ,on ! po9t 0 a /atue ( a woman :i* turn$ to ! slighte/ brea? ( ! w9d40 ,among ! /atues 9 ! hippodrome m5tion$ by ,nicetas z hav+ be5 de/roy$ 0 ! colossal bronze ,h]cules1 & a sundial :i* 0 9 ! =m ( an eagle ) wide exp&$ w+s trampl+ on a s]p5t4 ,! twelve h\rs 7 m>k$ out b5ea? its w+s1 six on ei!r side1 & ! sun %9+ ?r\gh a hole 9 ea* w+ m>k$ ! h\r or ! day4 ,ne> ! ea/]n goal 0 a r[ ( /atues ( *>iote]s1 driv+ _! *>iots & turn+ ! goal4 ,besides ^! !re 7 _m o!r /atues ( p]sons & animals2 an elephant ) a proboscis t mov$ is m5tion$1 b x is n cle> h[ev] t ?is la/ 0 9 ! hippodrome4 ,sigurd1 ,k+ ( ,norway1 saw ! games giv5 "h 9 #aaaa2 !re 0 a spectacle 9 :i* p appe>$ z if rid+ 9 ! air1 "s sort ( fireworks1 also music ) play+ ( organs1 h>ps1 & o!r in/rum5ts4#bid ,b5jam9 ( ,tudela 7#aafa7 says1 8lions1 be>s1 & leop>ds 7 %[n1 & all nations ( ! _w 7 repres5t$1 toge!r ) surpris+ feats ( juggl]y40 ,! hippodrome 0 us$ = spectacles aft] ! *ange ( ma/]s4 ,an ,italian ,,ms4 ( #aehb 9 ! ,briti% ,museum describes ! ambassadors & pr9ces sitt+ on /ag+1 ) a l>ge /& = ! b& 9 ! 8piazza0 ( ! hippodrome2 ! ,sultan & 8 son sat on an inclos$ & cov]$ ?rone4#bie ,augu/eum4--8,9 front ( ! palace10 says ,procopius1 8!re is a =um surr\nd$ ) columns4 ,! ,byzant9es call ?is =um ! ,augu/eum4 ,on ! ea/]n side /&s ! ,s5ate-h\se40 ,o!r writ]s speak ( x z ! ,agora ( ! ,milion1 or simply z ! ,milion1 f ! build+ :i* adjo9$ x4 ,zon>as seems to call x ! ,proaulion ( ! ,great ,*ur*4 ,r\nd its sides 7 p]i/yles1 & ! build+s m5tion$ 9 ! fir/ *apt]1 mo/ ( :i* 7 rebuilt by ,ju/9ian4 ,x 0 laid ) a m>ble floor ( long slabs1 a portion ( :i* 0 discov]$ _m feet bel[ ! pres5t level1 toge!r ) ! inscrib$ base ( ! silv] /atue ( ,eudoxia1 :5 ,fossati built ! new gov]nm5t (fices 9 #ahdh4 8,outside ! palace ! public ba?s ( ,zeuxippus & ! great porticoes & all ! build+s on ei!r h& z f> z ! ,=um ( ,con/ant9e are ! "w ( ! emp]or ,ju/9ian40#bif ,l>ge pill>s h frequ5tly be5 f\nd :i* appe> to h =m$ "p ( colonnades 9 ! ,augu/eum4 ,gyllius saw sev5 l>ge ,cor9?ian columns1 =ty-six feet high ov] all & 8tw5ty foot t5 digits ap>t40 ,on ! %aft ( "o 0 cut ! "n ( ,con/ant9e1 ) ! signal ( ! cross he saw 9 ! heav5s1 & ! inscription 4 ,^!1 he seems to sugge/1 may h belong$ to ! ,milion4 ,on ?is is built up a *>act]i/ic piece ( re/oration by ,paspates1 :o sees 9 ! sev5 columns1 /&+ ov] tw5ty feet ap>t1 & obvi\sly 9 a /raight l9e1 8a squ>e build+ re/+ on sev5 columns10 to :i* he adds an upp] range ( pill>s support+ a dom$ *amb]4 ,bondelmontius1 :o is also cit$ = ^! columns1 says !re 7 six1 & all 9 a r[4 ,!y 7 almo/ c]ta9ly a "p ( ! n9e columns se5 by ,clavijo#big be=e ! ,fall1 :5 he 0 told t 8a great palace us$ to /& on ! top ( !m1 :]e ! patri>* & 8 cl]gy held _! meet+s40 ,?is great squ>e1 surr\nd$ by colonnades1 conta9$ s _m /atues & o!r works ( art t ,lab>te well calls x an op5 air museum4 ,to ! nor?1 opposite ! s\?-we/ corn] ( ! *ur*1 0 ! colossal bronze eque/rian /atue ( ,ju/9ian surm\nt+ a pill>1 :i*1 accord+ to ,procopius1 /ood on sev5 /ages ( /eps & 0 cov]$ ) bronze reliefs4 ,! k+ look$ to ! ea/1 & c>ri$ ! orb ( ! e>? surm\nt$ by a cross 9 8 h&4 ,! pill> _h orig9ally be5 erect$ by ,arcadius to support a silv] /atue ( ,!odosius 8 fa!r4 ,! /atue ( ,ju/9ian1 :i* replac$ t ( ,!odosius1 0 de/roy$ by lightn+ 9 #adib4bih ,! fragm5ts 7 se5 by ,gyllius1 &1 f measurem5ts :i* he gives1 x seems to h be5 f twice to ?ree times natural size4 ,bondelmontius says ! pill> 0 sev5ty cubits high4 ,a v good draw+ ( ! /atue1 n[ among/ ! ,,mss4 ( ! ,s]ai libr>y1 made ab\t ! ye> #acdj1 is reproduc$ by ,mordtmann4 ,?is pill> & its /atue is (t5 call$ ! ,augu/eum1 & x probably gave its "n to ! place 9 :i* x /ood4 ,! ,milion4--,x is probable t ! city mile/one exi/$ be=e ,con/ant9e1 :o may h built ! /ructure ov] x4 ,accord+ to ,du ,cange#bii ! ,augu/eum1 ) :i* x 0 s closely associat$1 0 (t5 call$ by its "n2 s t ,cod9us tells u t ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,phocas 0 built 89 ! ,milion40 ,x appe>s to h =m$ ! we/]n b\nd>y & gate ( ?is =um1 or at lea/ ( its inn] "p1 if divid$1 & to h be5 connect$ ) a colonnade runn+ nor? & s\? z well z ) ! ,mese4 ,x is spok5 ( z a colonnade 7embolos71 z vault$ 7kam>a & ph\rnikon71 or z hav+ _m ar*es 7apsides74 ,c$r5us & o!r writ]s speak ( /atues 9 ! apsis or kam>a ( ! ,milion4 ,x c h>dly be d\bt$ t x _h f\r l>ge ar*es fac+ diff]5t ways4 ,a /ructure ( ?is k9d rema9s at ,lattaquieh1 :i* is ab\t t5 metres squ>e & 0 surm\nt$ by a dome4 ,de ,vog#cjj comp>es x ) ru9s ( a simil> erection f\nd at ,palmyra1 ! ,mesomphalion ( ,nicaea1 & ! ,umbilicus ( ,antio* describ$ by ,dion ,*ryso/om1 & o!rs4 ,?is la/ /ood at ! c5tre ( ! two great colonnad$ /reets t ran ea/ to we/ & nor? to s\? ?r\gh ! city4 ,! pr9cipal ref]5ce to ! ,milion is ! description by ,nicetas#cja ( ! /ruggle ) ! insurg5t troops 9 ! reign ( ,alexius ,manuel4 8,z _m build+s z adjo9$ ! ,great ,*ur* & comm&$ ! ,augu/eum 7 seiz$ by ! rebels1 :o scal$ ! l>ge apsis :i* /&s ov] ! ,milion1 & also =tifi$ ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,alexius1 :i* is jo9$ to ! ,augu/eum4 ,b ! imp]ial troops made a sally f ! great palace & e/abli%$ !mselves 9 ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,john call$ ,diippus2 & ! agora 0 full ( m5 :o 7 injur$ by ^? on ! apsis ( ! ,milion1 & on ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,alexius4 ,b fre% troops f ! palace fill$ all ! ?or\ghf>es & passages lead+ to ,s4 ,sophia4 ,! rebels1 com+ out ( ! temple & pass+ by ! ,augu/eum1 became engag$ ) ! o!rs 9 ! n>r[ ways1 & ! conflict rema9$ unc]ta91 until ! imp]ial troops drove back f ! /reets ^? :o _h come out ( ,s4 ,sophia & %ut !m )9 ! ,augu/eum4 ,! imp]ial troops broke op5 ! gates ( ! ,augu/eum1 & ! rebels 7 =c$ f ! top ( ! ,milion by ! troops m\nt+ ! apsides1 :ile ! re/ ( !m1 be+ wor/$ 9 ! ,augu/eum1 gave way2 b a %[] ( missiles 0 kept up f ! "p call$ ,macron1 ov]look+ ! ,augu/eum1 & ! neighb\r+ *amb] ( ,?omais4 ,!y took refuge 9 ! pronaos ( ! *ur*1 :]e is ! ,ar*angel ,mi*ael 9 mosaic /&+ ) drawn sword z if on gu>d4 ,! imp]ial troops1 because ( ! n>r[ness1 7 unable to foll[ !m ) advantage1 nor did ! insurg5ts d>e to tru/ !mselves out aga94 ,! patri>* desc5d$ into ! prosk5ion or protekdikeion ( ! *ur*1 & !n h>angu$ !m to prev5t fur!r sacrilege40 ,9 ! ,c]emonies we twice read ( ! emp]or pass+ ?r\gh ! nave ( ,s4 ,sophia & its ,royal ,gate1 !n across ! n>!x1 &1 by ! l\t] 7f\nta971 rea*+ ! /eps ( ! a?yr 7atrium74 8,!n he passes ?r\gh ! ,milion1 & along ! ,mese & rea*es ! ,=um1 :]e is ! ,*apel ( ,s4 ,con/ant9e40 ,lab>te1 wrongly expla9+ ?is z ! ,=um ,augu/eum1 in/ead ( t ( ,con/ant9e1 makes ! l\t] ! bapti/]y1 & ! a?yr its por*4 ,o!r processions f ! ,palace to ! ,*ur* ?r\gh ! ,milion h be5 giv5 by ,lab>te4 ,! colonnades adjo9+ ! ,milion are m5tion$ 9 ! acc\nt ( a fire :i* attack$ a "p ( ! ,great ,*ur* 9 ! reign ( ,isaac ,angelus4 8,! p>ts by ! apsis ( ! ,milion1 & ! ,macron1 & ! place call$ ! ,synods 7 burnt4 ,! porticoes ( ,domn9us 7 r$uc$ to a%es1 z well z ! two cov]$ ways />t+ on bo? sides ( ! ,milion "o ( :i* rea*es to ! ,philadelphion40#cjb ,! ,philadelphion 0 t[>ds ,con/ant9e's =um1 & ! o!r way probably l$ f ! ,milion nor? & s\? to ! *ur* & ! palace gate4 ,we le>n f ,aga?o ! ,deacon#cjc t 9 ! porticoes 7/oai7 ( ! ,milion 7 repres5t$ ! sev5 cum5ical ,synods ( ,con/ant9ople2 ?is is probably :at is meant by ,nicetas1 :]e he speaks ( 8,! ,synods0 z quot$ above 7see1 h[ev]1 ,mordtmann1 p4 #fh74 ,! sev5 synods is "o ( ! iconographic s*emes giv5 by ! ,byzant9e ,manual1 & !y are repres5t$ 9 ! mosaics at ! ,nativity ,*ur* at ,be?lehem4 ,horologium4--,9 close connection bo? ) ! ,milion & ! *ur* 0 ! c\rt ( 8! "t-measure0--a sundial or wat]-clock4 ,at ! triumphal entry ( ,basil 8!y pass$ along ! ,mese up to ! ,milion1 & ent]$ ?r\gh ! embolos ( ! ,milion into ! ,horologium1 &1 hav+ put (f _! cr[ns 9 ! metatorium )9 ! ,beautiful ,gate1 !y ent]$ ! n>!x40#cjd ,! ,horologium is con/antly spok5 ( z be+ ne> ! bapti/]y1 & 0 c]ta9ly on ! s\? side ( ! *ur*4 ,bapti/]y4--,9 our fir/ *apt] we h giv5 reasons = suppos+ t ! r\nd build+ at ! nor?-ea/ =m$ "p ( ! e>li] *ur* & became ! bapti/]y ( ,ju/9ian's build+4 ,buzantios consid]$ t ! =m] 0 ! bapti/]y 8p]haps also us$ z a sacri/y40 ,a k ( an e>li] bapti/]y w\ld seem to be impli$ 9 ! way ! s\?-we/ build+ is spok5 ( by ,porphyrog5itus & lat] writ]s z ! 8,great ,bapti/]y by ! ,horologium40 ,accord+ to ,cod9us & ! ,anonym\s ! ,great ,bapti/]y 0 built be=e ! *ur*1 & ,salz5b]g ?\ght ! /yle 0 e>li] ?an t ( ! *ur*4 ,is x possible t ?is 0 built z an indep5d5t *ur* & only ultimately became ! bapti/]y8 ,x appe>s f ! acc\nt ( ! ,russian pilgrim ,an?ony t 9 ! twelf? c5tury its dome 0 pa9t$ ) ! baptism ( ,*ri/ 9 ,jordan1 a s*eme :i* agrees ) ! two bapti/]ies at ,rav5na4 ,/4 ,pet]'s ,*apel1 c4--,to ! ea/ !re 7 "s deta*$ build+s1 at lea/ 9 lat] times4 ,! ,anonym\s we h se5 m5tions a *apel ( ,/4 ,pet] z ne> ! skeuophylakium4 ,an?ony speaks ( ?is *apel1 9 :i* ,/4 ,pet]'s *a9s & ! c>pet ( ,/4 ,ni*olas 7 pres]v$1 z beh9d ! alt>4 ,! anonym\s ,russian says a *apel ( ,/4 ,ni*olas 0 beh9d ! bema1 & also speaks ( a m>ble bas9 cov]$ ) a lead ro(1 8:]e !y baptise ! emp]ors0 z be+ beh9d ! alt>1 9 a space set r\nd ) cypresses4 ,anna ,comn5a also m5tions 8! *apel ( ! ,hi]>* ,ni*olas0 z "p ( ! ,great ,*ur* & a place ( sanctu>y4#cje ,! passage ( ,/4 ,ni*olas is also ref]r$ to4 ,x is possible t ?is *apel 0 o!rwise kn[n z ,/4 ,pet]'s1 & ei!r ?is or 8! place :]e !y baptise ! emp]ors0 may be ! pres5t r\nd build+--! anci5t bapti/]y z we suppose4 ,t ,/4 ,pet]'s *apel 0 ( "s importance & deta*$ seems cle> f ! ,m5ologium4 ,on ,janu>y #af 0 celebrat$ ! adoration ( ,/4 ,pet]'s *a9s4 ,x is expla9$ t aft] ,pet]'s release1 8! *a9s 7 f\nd by "s believ]s & gu>d$ f g5]ation to g5]ation until !y 7 br\ght to ,con/ant9ople by a pi\s emp]or & plac$ 9 ! *ur* 77 ( ,/4 ,pet] :i* is ne> ,/4 ,sophia40 ,we h giv5 a picture ( ! *a9s 9 ,figure #h4 ,a tradition ( "s ( ^! build+s may be pres]v$ 9 an ,italian ,,ms4 ( #afaa 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 8,! anci5t build+s r\nd ! *ur* h be5 ru9$ by ! ,turks except a small "p ( ! close 7canonica71 :]e !y h made dwell+s2 !re is also ! sacri/y & ! place ( ! bapti/]y1 :i* _h orig9ally ?ree vault$ ceil+s1 "o above ano!r4 ,x 0 ( wond]ful ar*itecture & made ) six angles4 ,f ! sacri/y to ! base ( ! dome is an arquebus %ot2 betwe5 x & ! ,s]aglio lies a road40 ,b\nd>ies4--,probably ! fulle/ & cle>e/ acc\nt ( ! approa* to ! *ur* ?r\gh ! ,augu/eum is giv5 by ! ,spani% ambassador ,clavijo1 :o 0 at ,con/ant9ople 9 #adje1 at a "t :5 _m ( ! build+s 9 ! prec9cts _h be5 de/roy$4 ,9 a c\rt 9 ! front ( ! *ur*1 he saw 8n9e v l>ge columns ( :ite m>ble10 & he 0 told t be=e 8 "t a palace _h be5 "h1 :]e ! patri>* met ! canons 9 *apt]4 8,& 9 ! same place be=e ! *ur* /&s a /one pill> ( m>vell\s height1 on ! top ( :i* is a horse ( copp] z l>ge z f\r horses put toge!r2 on ! horse 0 an arm$ knight ) a great plume on 8 head l a peacock's tail4 ,! horse has *a9s ( iron r\nd its body secur$ to ! column to prev5t x f fall+1 or be+ mov$ by ! w9d4 ,! horse is v well made1 & "o =e & "o h9d leg is rais$1 z if x 7 9 ! act ( pranc+4 ,! knight1 on its back1 has 8 "r arm rais$1 ) ! h& op51 :ile ! re9s are held ) ! left h&4 ,?is m>vell\s horse is said to h be5 plac$ "h by ! ,emp]or ,ju/9ian1 :o erect$ ! column4 ,at ! entrance to ! *ur* "u an ar* 9 front ( a gate1 is a place adorn$ ) f\r columns1 & bel[ is a little *apel v ri* & beautiful4 ,& beyond ?is *apel is ! gate to ! *ur* cov]$ ) bronze v great & high2 beyond aga9 is a little c\rt surr\nd$ by high gall]ies horologium84 ,aft]w>ds !re 0 ano!r gate ( bronze ! s\? por*4 ,beyond ?is gate !re is a #8nave' va/ & high1 ) a ceil+ ( wood ! exon>!x4 ,& on ! left h& !re is a cloi/] v l>ge1 & beautiful ! atrium1 ) _m /ones ( jasp] ( inf9ite v>iety ( col\r4 ,on ! "r h& "u ! said nave-cov]$ z ,i h said--& aft] ! second gate1 y arrive at ! body ( ! *ur*1 :i* has five doors1 high & l>ge1 cov]$ ) bronze1 ( :i* t 9 ! middle is ! greate/40#cjf ,! pres5t s\? por* we %\ld suppose is ! pronaos m5tion$ by ,nicetas z t :]e ! ,ar*angel ,mi*ael /ood on gu>d4 ,! exon>!x is n[ vault$1 b n cov]$ ) mosaic2 x is b>e & r\gh1 & x seems possible t at "o "t !re may h be5 a ceil+ ( wood4 ,/eph5 ( ,novgorod 7#acej7 says t ! fir/ gate ( ! *ur* 0 by ! column ( ,ju/9ian2 !n !re 0 a second1 a ?ird1 f\r?1 fif? & six? & by ! sev5? y ent]$ ! great *ur*4 ,?is may be exagg]ation1 b ,gyllius speaks ( ! s\? entrance =m]ly be+ by six valvae ( brass1 8n[ !re are only ?ree1 +5i\sly work$10 s t !re w\ld appe> to h be5 at lea/ "o m d\ble door 9 8 "t ?an ! two n[ exi/+4 ,if we consult ! c>eful draw+s made by ,grelot1 :i* take u half way back to ! conque/1 we %all see t ! b\nd>ies ( ! cypress g>d5 on ! s\? side agree entirely ) ! pres5t walls4 ,! fir/ ( ! turbehs 0 built "h ab\t a hundr$ ye>s aft] ! conque/1 & we may almo/ safely assume t x 0 back$ aga9/ ! out] wall1 z at pres5t4 ,n[ :5 we f9d ,clavijo1 "s fifty ye>s be=e ! conque/1 9 approa*+ ! *ur* f ?is side1 speak ( an out] gateway & a c\rt be=e ! *ur* 0 rea*$1 we %all almo/ c]ta9ly be ju/ifi$ 9 plac+ ?is out] gate on ! pres5t b\nd>y4 ,! f\nta9 9 ! s\? c\rt we suppose occupies ! site ( an anci5t f\nta94 ,a comp>ison ( ,grelot's plan 7#afhj7 ) ,fossati's 7#ahej71 w make cle> ! s\? b\nd>ies ( ! *ur*1 z !y exi/$ at ! "t ( ! conque/4 ,! octagonal build+ atta*$ to ! s\? side ( ! *ur* %[n 9 ,fossati's plan mu/ be ,turki%1 probably ! libr>y ( ! sultan m5tion$ by ,pococke4 ,! palace ( ! patri>*1 ) ! libr>y ( ! ,?omaites1 we w\ld place on ! gr\nd betwe5 ! s\? b\nd>y & ! *ur*1 ! g>d5s :i* belong$ to x occupy+ ! gr\nd ( "o ( ! c\rts4 ,x _h evid5tly be5 de/roy$ by ! "t ( ,clavijo's visit1 & = :at is kn[n z to ! build+s we mu/ ref] to ,paspates4 ,! c\rts to ! nor? ( ! *ur* 7 probably occupi$ by ! cells ( ! cl]gy & ! college call$ ,didaskalion 7see our page #di72 ,bondelmontius speaks ( 8! way ( a ?\s& columns 9 pairs0 7! ,mese7 ?r\gh :i* ! emp]or walk$ to ,s4 ,sophia 8:]e ! h\ses ( ! #hjj cl]gy 7 r\nd ! *ur*40#cjg ,! ,atrium4--,! /reet ly+ at an angle to ! we/ wall ( ! entrance c\rty>d1 ris+ /eeply t[>ds ! hippodrome1 is probably anci5t4 ,"s consid]able rema9s ( ! atrium colonnade 7 9 exi/5ce 9 ! pres5t c5tury1 b !y 7 f9ally de/roy$ 9 #ahgc4cjh ,! pres5t b\nd>y ( ! we/]n c\rt appe>s to occupy ! position ( ! ext]ior we/ wall ( ! atrium4 ,outside x !re is a level roadway1 beyond :i* ! gr\nd falls rapidly to ! /reet4 ,z ! *ur* /&s across a hill ! gr\nd _h to be made up to a level1 & ?is1 toge!r ) ! position ( ! /reet1 w\ld acc\nt = ! c\rt n hav+ be5 squ>e z 0 usually ! case4 ,z excavations h %[n t ! pavem5t ( ! ,hippodrome & ! ,augu/eum 7 eight or t5 feet bel[ ! pres5t level1#cji /eps w\ld h be5 requir$ to atta9 ! level ( ! *ur* at ! we/4 ,! ,c]emonies %[ t ! royal processions ent]$ & left ! *ur* on ! s\? side ?r\gh ! ,augu/eum1 :i* s]v$ z a great =ec\rt to ! *ur* on ?is side4 ,)\t d\bt ?is 0 ! pr9cipal entrance4 ,clavijo & o!r visitors all appe> to h ent]$ ! *ur* f ! s\?4 ,:5 ,grelot's we/]n view 0 made 7be=e #afhj7 no we/ doors to ! atrium exi/$1 b x 0 ent]$ f ! nor? & s\? only4 ,9 our plan we h !re=e %[n only "o door 9 ! we/ wall ( ! atrium1 possibly !re 0 none 7,fig4 #c74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #be4--,orig9al /ate ( ,we/ ,front z built by ,ju/9ian4 ,outside ! pres5t s\?-we/ entrance ( ! c\rt !re rema9$ until #ahfi a /one inscrib$ 4444 ,its =m sugge/s t x 0 a /ep1 or x may h be5 a l9tel f "o ( ! doors into ! atrium or ! rim f a f\nta94#caj ,! words 8,! ,holy ,god dwelle? "h let no44440 may be comp>$ ) ! inscriptions = f\nta9s & gates giv5 on pages #hd & #bfd4 ,?is atrium c\rt ( ,s4 ,sophia 0 call$ by ! ,byzant9e au?ors aule1 mesaulion1 ai?ria1 & by "s late writ]1 g>ona/asion1 :i* ,du ,cange expla9s z 8! place :]e pages wait40 ,! cloi/]$ walk orig9ally surr\nd$ x & =m$ a quadriporticus2 al?\gh ! ea/]n walk1 ! pres5t exon>!x1 is inclos$ & entirely diff]5t f ! o!r colonnad$ walks1 ! atrium is (t5 ref]r$ to z 8,f\r-portico$0 7,tetra/oon74 ,x _c !re=e be d\bt$ t ! exon>!x ) its great pi]s replac$ ! orig9al ea/]n walk1 = ! sake ( great] abutm5t to ! *ur*4 ,?is is equally cle> f ! build+ itself & ! description ( ! poet4 7,see ,figs4 #c1 #bd1 #be1 #bi74 ,! 8,propylaeum0 (t5 spok5 ( mu/ ei!r be ?is exon>!x1 or ! gateways 9 ! atrium4 ,! cloi/] walks 7 vault$1 & ! walls cov]$ ) m>ble4 ,"o ( ! capitals rema9$ 9 ! c\rty>d z lately z #ahgc1 :5 x 0 drawn by ,canon ,curtis2 x resembl$ ^? 9 ! gall]y inside1 ) deep sculptur$ doss]et & small volutes bel[4 ,m ?an "o writ] rem>ks on ! great beauty ( ! m>ble %afts4 ,!y 7 set 9 close ord]1 & we may see f ,salz5b]g t1 :5 we add = _! bases1 !y 7 "s tw5ty-two feet high1 & mu/ h made a f9e portico to ! we/ front4 ,9 #aheb two ( ! pill>s 7 repres5t$ on ! plan ( ,fossati z /ill 9 situ3 n[ e evid5ce ( ! atrium has entirely disappe>$4 ,phiale4--,9 ! middle ( ! c\rt 0 plac$ a f\nta91 :]e1 accord+ to ! ,sil5ti>y1 0 a 8bubbl+ /ream leap+ into ! air f a bronze pipe40 ,! "n giv5 to su* a f\nta9 by ,greek writ]s 0 phiale or colymbe?ra1 &1 by ! ,lat9s1 can?>us or nymphaeum4 ,at ,s4 ,sophia x 0 also call$ 8,! ,lav] ( ! ,atrium0 7 74#caa ,! l\t] or l\tron1 ) its colymbe?ra1 =m$ a sanctu>y = ! pursu$3 we read 9 ,procopius ( _! 8flee+ to ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,sophia1 & com+ to ! holy l\tron1 & lay+ hold ( ! colymbe?ra :i* 0 !re40#cab ,accord+ to ! ,anonym\s au?or1 on :om we place no reliance1 ! phiale _h twelve arcades or columns1 & lions sp\t$ out ! wat]4 ,canopi$ phialae x is true /ill exi/ at ,/4 ,demetrius at ,salonica1 & 9 ! mona/]ies ( ,m\nt ,a?os4 ,! canopy ( ! phiale at old ,/4 ,pet]'s 0 ( bronze2 "u x ! great p9e cone1 :i* /ill rema9s1 ?rew out wat] 9 innum]able little ?reads4 ,on ! canopy 7 probably plac$ ! beautiful bronze peacocks1 :i* also /ill exi/4#cac ,a v beautiful f\nta9 ( ?is k9d1 at ,con/ant9ople1 0 plac$ be=e ! *ur* built by ,basil 9 ! palace4 ,! bas9 0 m>ble1 f :i* rose a p9e cone pi]c$ ) holes4 ,above on ! cornice 7 plac$ cocks1 /ags1 & rams1 ( ca/ bronze1 f :i* ! wat] fl[$4#cad ,9 ! ,c\rt ( ! ,lions at ! ,alhambra1 ! bas9 ( ! f\nta9 re/s on lions1 & ! wat] runs away f ! f\nta9 9 f\r op5 /reams to ! f\r sides ( ! cloi/]4 ,?is "w 0 c]ta9ly execut$ "u ,byzant9e influ5ce1 & x is curi\s to f9d m ?an "o small g>d5 f\nta9 at ,con/ant9ople 9 :i* ! wat] issues f ! m\? ( lions4 ,on ! o!r h& x seems probable t ! ,anonym\s imitat$ ! description ( ! temple ( ,solomon & ! lav]1 :i* /ood on twelve ox54 ,! o!r wa%+ place he describes 7see page #ada7 ) ! diff]5t k9ds ( animals repres5t$1 seems to be f\nd$ on ! description ( t ( ,basil's *ur*4 ,porphyrog5itus speaks ( ! 8cup ( ! phiale02 & x seems mo/ probable1 consid]+ ! simple description ( ! ,sil5ti>y1 t1 z 9 s _m anci5t *ur*es1 x 0 at fir/ m]ely a b[l1 /&+ on a pill> ris+ f a polygonal bas94 ,9 ! "t ( ,mi*ael ,palaeologus1 !re 0 su* a bas9 on ! sides ( :i* 80 engrav$ on ! m>ble ! hon\r$ =m ( ! cross40#cae ,a b[l figur$ by ,grut]us#caf 9 #afjb z 8newly f\nd at ,con/ant9ople10 has be5 spok5 ( by ,du ,cange & o!rs z hav+ belong$ to ,s4 ,sophia1 al?\gh ! evid5ce ( ?is is n v positive4#cag ,?is 0 a circul> b[l v simil> to ! well-kn[n repres5tation ( a can?>us ( ,ju/9ian's "t 9 ! ,rav5na mosaic4 ,! inscription ar\nd ! rim read equally well 9 bo? directions4#cah ,?is circle be+ horizontal1 we _c b ?9k1 z x w\ld necess>ily be read f outside1 t ,grut]us 0 mi/ak5 9 putt+ ! bottom ( ! lett]s t[>d ! c5tre2 we h !re=e rev]s$ ?is 9 our figure4 ,! words 8,wa% ?y s9s1 n ?y face only10 almo/ c]ta9ly ref] x to a phiale4 ,eusebius1 = in/ance1 speak+ ( "o ( ^! f\nta9s1 says1 8x is n meet = an unclean foot to /ep on ! sacr$ place )9 ! temple10 & ,paul9us tells u t at ,nola ^? :o ent]$ ! *ur* wa%$ _! h&s 9 a simil> place4#cai ,probably1 s accurate a writ] z ,du ,cange _h good reasons = ref]r+ ! b[l 9 "q to ,s4 ,sophia4 ,dr4 ,covel ( ,cambridge1 :o 0 at ,con/ant9ople f #afgj to #afgg1 & has left a valuable ,,ms4 n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 :i* we %all h fur!r occasion to quote1 also gives ! inscription1 :i* he says came f ! f\nta9 ( ,s4 ,sophia1 b aga91 x is possible he d]iv$ ?is f ,du ,cange1 or f ,grelot1 :om he appe>s to h met1 = "s ( ! ,fr5*man's draw+s are includ$ 9 ! ,,ms4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bf4--;,inscription on ,phiale f ,grut]4 ,9 ?is collection are draw+s ( two beautiful phiale cups1 :i* exi/$ at ,ephesus :5 visit$ by ,dr4 ,covel4 ,f ! simple elegance ( _! =ms we suppose t ^! b[ls _c be lat] ?an ! six? c5tury4#cbj ,see ,fig4 #bg4 ,pavem5t ( ! ,c\rt4--,:5 ! ,anonym\s tells u t ! f\r b\nd>ies ( ! *ur* 7 call$ aft] ! riv]s t fl[$ f ,p>adise1 x is q evid5t f ! context t he is speak+ ( ! atrium2 & x seems probable t imm$iately be=e1 :]e he speaks ( 8ev] fl[+ wat]s ( great riv]s10 he is describ+ ! pavem5t ( ! c\rt z figur+ f\r /reams4 ,?is c]ta9ly w\ld furni% a reason = ! walks tak+ _! names f ! f\r riv]s ( m>ble :i* fl[$ t[>ds !m1 l ! f\r real /reams fl[ 9 ! c\rt ( ! ,alhambra4 ,!re is mu* to c\nt5ance ?is !ory4 ,= in/ance1 ! atrium ( old ,/4 ,pet]'s 0 call$ ,p>adise3 ,simeon ( ,!ssalonica tells u ! "p outside ! doors ( a *ur* repres5t$ ! creation1 z ! bema symbolis$ heav52 & ! idea might easily be ref]r$ to ! words us$ 9 ! s]vice = bless+ ! wat]s ( ! phiale4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bg4--,phiale ,b[ls f ,ephesus4 ,?is cu/om ( bless+ ! wat]s on ! eve ( ,epiphany1 to :i* ,paulus ! ,sil5ti>y alludes 7see page #dd71 0 practis$ z e>ly z ! end ( ! f\r? c5tury4#cba ,go> gives ! ritual4#cbb ,aft] ! ev5+ s]vice ! prie/ ) ! c5s] & c&le/ick proce$s to ! 8lut] ( ! mesaulion10 *ant+ 8! voice ( ! ,"l is ^u ! wat]s40 ,"p ( ! c]emony ( bless+ includ$ a pray]1 8,we besee* !e1 ,o ,almighty ,fa!r 444 :o fix$ ,p>adise 9 ,ed5 & bade its quadruple spr+ fl[ f> & wide 444 :o bless$ ! wat]s = ,jacob1 & ha/ bidd5 u1 ?r\gh ?y prophet ,isaiah1 to draw wat] 9 gladness f ! f\nta9s ( ! ,savi\r40 ,! acc\nt ( ! ,anonym\s may be a duplication ( 8 description ( ! int]ior1 b outside ,*>lemagne's *ur* at ,aix !re is a p9e cone :i* =m]ly belong$ to a phiale2 ! wat] ra9$ f x ?r\gh little holes1 & ab\t ! foot are v]ses ref]r+ to ! riv]s ( ,p>adise & ,baptism4 ,we/ ,front4--,on ! ea/ side ( ! atrium c\rt1 aga9/ ! we/ wall ( ! exon>!x1 rise f\r great pi]s f :i* spr+ fly+ ar*es to ! we/ wall ( ! *ur*4 ,salz5b]g ?\ght t ! upp] ar*es 7 ,turki%1 & t ! pi]s 7 orig9ally int5d$ to support eque/rian /atues1 :i* he !re=e %[s 9 8 draw+s4 ,o!r writ]s1 among/ :om is ,fossati1 say t ! bronze horses n[ on ! gall]y outside ! we/ front ( ,s4 ,m>k's at ,v5ice1 tak5 f ,con/ant9ople 9 #abjd1 came f ?is position2 b !re is n ! lea/ au?ority = ?is /atem5t1 & ! horses at ,v5ice are n half ! size ( ^? t w\ld be requir$ to ju/ify ! sugge/ion4 ,bondelmontius 9 #adbb describ+ ! columns ( ! city1 speaks fir/ ( t ( ,ju/9ian1 8secondly ( t ( ! ,cross1 :]e are se5 f\r upright porphyry columns2 & on !m 7 plac$ f\r bronze horses :i* ! ,v5etians took to ,s4 ,m>k's at ,v5ice1 b ! columns rema940 ,brocquire1 writ+ t5 ye>s lat]1 says t 8we/w>d 9 ! city is a v high squ>e column ) *>act]s trac$ on x1 & be>+ on ! summit an eque/rian /atue ( ,con/ant9e 9 bronze4 ,he holds a sceptre 9 8 left h&1 ) 8 "r ext5d$ t[>ds ,turkey 9 ,asia & ! road to ,j]usalem z if to d5ote t ! :ole ( t c\ntry 0 "u 8 gov]nm5t4 ,ne> ?is column are ?ree sic o!rs plac$ 9 a l9e1 & ( s+le pieces :i* bore ! ?ree gilt horses n[ 9 ,v5ice40 ,brocquire has "h c]ta9ly confus$ ! column ( ,ju/9ian1 & t ( ,con/ant9e1 b we may safely accept ,bondelmontius4 ,! porphyry column ( ,con/ant9e1 situat$ 9 ! ,=um ,con/ant9e1 at ?is "t bore a cross ) ! inscription 8,holy1 ,holy1 ,holy40 ,_m mod]n writ]s place ! f\r horses 9 ! hippodrome1 z ,nicetas speaks ( 8! ar*$ />t+-places = ! rac]s1 above :i* are fix$ p[]ful horses ( gilt bronze1 curv+ _! necks & fac+ "o ano!r z if eag] = ! c\rse0 7,ed4 ,bonn1 p4 #aej74 ,betwe5 ! f\r great pi]s ( ! we/ front !re are n[ ?ree doorways4 ,if1 h[ev]1 we ref] to ! plates ( ,salz5b]g1 we %all f9d t only ! two lat]al ones are !re %[n1 & t ! position ( ! c5tral door is occupi$ by a w9d[2 ?is arrangem5t 0 se5 by ,texi] 9 #ahcd1 & is %[n 9 a ,,ms4 draw+ ( 81 n[ 9 ! libr>y ( ! ,royal ,in/itute ( ,ar*itects4 ,ref]r+ to ! views & plan :i* ,grelot publi%$ 9 #afhj1 we see ! c5tral bay occupi$ by a belfry1 ) a pyramidal top ris+ above ! ro( ( ! exon>!x4 ,n[ 9 ,go>'s ,eu*ologium#cbc !re is a note to ?is effect1 8,! ,greeks fir/ took up ! use ( bells f ! "t :5 ,urso ,patricio1 ,doge ( ,v5ice1 9 ! ye> #hfe1 s5t !m to ,mi*ael ! emp]or1 :o greatly valu$ !m1 & built a t[] = !m aga9/ ,s4 ,sophia40 ,we h already se5 t l>ge repairs 7 made to ! we/ front ( ! *ur* ab\t ?is "t 7page #abc71 ) a view ( c\nt]act+ ! ?ru/ ( ! vaults4 ,be=e ! belfry 0 built ! ,semantron w\ld h be5 us$2 ?is 0 a plate ( bronze or wood susp5d$ 9 ! atrium & /ruck l a gong 7see ,fig4 #bh74 ,x appe>s f ! ,russian pilgrims t ! bells rema9$ 9 use = only a %ort "t4 ,a sixte5? c5tury ,fr5* ,,ms4 9 ! ,briti% ,museum speaks ( ! old squ>e t[] & bells4 ,grelot#cbd says 8?is t[]1 =m]ly ! belfry1 is n[ void1 ! ,turks hav+ ex*ang$ ! music ( bells = ! noise ( cannon40 ,x 0 n fifty toises high1 & c\ld n h held _m bells1 or l>ge ones4#cbe ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bh4--,semantron at ,con/ant9ople1 f ,l5oir4 ,! upp] /ory ( ! n>!x1 ,grelot tells u 0 support$ by six fly+ buttresses1 & bo? 8 ext]ior views %[ ?ree complete pi]s & fly+ ar*es on ea* side ( ! t[]4 ,! bay next ! belfry on ! "r 0 occupi$ by a l[ build+ ) a p5t ro(1 9 :i* 7 desc5d+ /eps1 at ! bottom ( :i* !y drew (f wat] f 8! great ci/]ns "u ! *ur*1 f :i* x 0 said a boat might rea* ! sea40 ,z to ! doors !re 7 ?ree t[>ds ! we/1 us$ :5 ,grelot made 8 plan1 two be+ ^? at ! extreme nor? & s\?1 opposite ! lat]al atrium walks1 & ! o!r1 :i* 0 less1 & little us$1 0 next ! belfry on ! left1 & is 9 fact ! left "o ( ! ?ree pres5t doors4 ,! ar*es1 :i* cov] two ( ! spaces betwe5 ! pi]s & make !m into por*es1 are %[n 9 ! view by ,fossati ( ! unre/or$ /ate ( ! front4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bi4--,we/ ,front z alt]$ 9 ! ,n9? ,c5tury4 ,comp>+ ! draw+s ( ,grelot & ! plan giv5 by ,du ,cange1 bo? publi%$ 9 #afhj1 ) ! pres5t rema9s1 x w\ld appe> t !re 7 =m]ly t5 ( ^! buttresses2 two be+ m]g$ 9 ! c5tral belfry1 & ! two outside ones incorporat$ 9 ! m9>ets1 on ! sides ( :i* traces ( !m may /ill be se54 ,two o!rs h ei!r be5 de/roy$ by ! ,turks1 or ,grelot's draw+s are wrong to ?is ext5t1 z no trace seems to rema9 ( m ?an eight4 ,( ^! eight :i* n[ 9 "p rema91 ,salz5b]g only res]ves ! f\r at ! c5tre1 on :i* he places ! horses4 ,our ,figs4 #bf & #bi repres5t ! orig9al we/ front & ! alt]$ faade ( ! n9? c5tury2 see also ,plan1 ,fig4 #bd4 ,ci/]ns4--,on ! s\? side ( ! "r-h& pi] is a small ar* :i* gives access to a little recess$ *amb] 9 ! buttress4 ,f ?is & f a simil> recess nor? ( ! c5tral entrance1 wat] f ! ci/]ns b5ea? ! *ur* 0 probably obta9$3 a cross on ! wall ( ! little *amb] w\ld seem to %[ t x 0 a 8holy well40#cbf ,clavijo says ! ci/]ns b5ea? ! *ur* w\ld float t5 galleys1 & ,c4 ,lebrun 7#agad7 speaks ( t5 ci/]ns & =ty columns /&+ 9 ! wat]4 ,! only real description ( ! ci/]n we h be5 able to f9d is 9 ,dr4 ,covel's ,,ms4 di>y 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,9 #afgf he writes1 8,we w5t to see ! vaults "u ,s4 ,sophia2 !y 7 full ( wat]1 !n #ag feet deep1 & ov]head1 f ! wat] up to ! top ( ! ar* 0 ab\t #b y>ds & #f in*es4 ,e pill> is squ>e 7#d feet71 & di/ant f ano!r j #ab feet4 ,! bricks are v broad1 ?91 & well bak$2 x is n pla/]$ )91 ! mort> v h>d4 ,!y say x goes "u ! ,at-,meidan1 b we c\ld n ent] x4 ,! wa/e wat] ( ! ,aqu$uct ent]s into x1 & go+ out ( x pass+ ?r\gh ! ,s]aglio1 goes into ! sea by ! dunghill4 ,!re is sev]e puni%m5t to ^? :o h h\ses ) (fices dra9+ into x2 or = ^? :o ?r[ any fil? into x3 ! well ( ,s4 ,sophia op5s into x & _m wells 9 ! ,s]aglio40 ,he gives a diagram plan1 %[+ two r[s ( eight pi]s & a ?ird r[ ( ?ree1 al?\gh1 z no b\nd>y is %[n1 x is impossible to say if ?is is ! :ole ext5t 7see bel[74#cbg ,g5]ally4--,"s ( ! ext]ior 0 d\btless cas$ ) m>ble l ,s4 ,m>k's2 inde$ "s ( ! m>ble plat+ rema9$ 9 ,salz5b]g's "t4 8,! walls outside 7! ,anonym\s writes7 7 cov]$ ) l>ge & valuable /ones40 ,:]e n s incru/$ ! n>r[ c\rs$ brickwork %[$ 9 ?9 r$ l9es1 almo/ equall$ by ! ?ick jo9ts ( ! mort>4 ,f ?is brickwork ! m>ble lattices ( ! w9d[s1 ea* ) its slab at ! bottom *>g$ ) a cross1 %one out fair1 & ! gray lead ( ! _m domes rose above all1 curve on curve 9 pe>ly gradation ( light4 ,! c\rts 7 d\btless closely set ) cypresses1 l ^? :i* n[ rise ab\t ! turbehs on ! s\? side4 ,_m passages 9 ! ,byzant9e au?ors %[ h[ mu* beauty ( site 0 reg>d$ z ess5tial = a fair *ur*4#cbh ,procopius1 describ+ ! ,*ur* ( ! ,f\nta9 at ,con/ant9ople1 says1 8!re 0 a grove ( cypresses 9 a ri* mead[ ( bloom+ fl[]s1 a g>d5 ab\nd+ 9 fruit1 ) a g5tly bubbl+ spr+ ( sweet wat]1 ev]y?+ sugge/$ ! site ( a *ur*40 ,,*apt] ,x ,,build+ ,,=ms ,,& ,,! ,,build]s #a4 ,,orig9s4 ,x may be well to say a few words on ! gr[? ( ! ,byzant9e ar*itecture1 ( :i* ,ju/9ian's *ur* is ! p]fect fl[]4 ,?is build+ is (t5 spok5 ( z if x 7 at once ! fir/ & ! mature/ essay 9 ?is great /yle1 b ?is we might "k w\ld h be5 impossible1 ev5 ?\gh ! l9ks t l$ up to x 7 lo/1 :i* is n entirely ! case4 ,x is p]fectly true1 h[ev]1 z ,mr4 ,morris says1 t 8! /yle leaps into sudd5 complet5ess 9 ?is mo/ lovely build+40 ,! new wants ( ! ,*ur* soon evolv$ ! complete ,*ri/ian basilica1 :i*1 x has be5 said mu/ h be5 9 ! m9d ( ! writ] ( ! ,apocalypse z ! type ( ! entire arrangem5t ( ! alt>1 ! tw5ty-f\r eld]s1 & ! great congregation1 9 8 vision ( ! heav5ly wor%ip4 ,9 ! "t ( ,con/ant9e1 & 9 ,rome1 alongside ( "w :i* 0 entirely classic1 ! *ur*es1 ) few] ties to ! pa/ to limit developm5t along truly rational l9es1 _h develop$ a mann] :i* 0 a m direct outcome ( ! necessities ( build+ ) a m9imum ( m]ely p]functory 8ar*itectural0 =ms--^? conv5tions = ! ?\ghtless exp5diture ( ! work]s' lab\r1 :i* 9 /ill worse times make ar*itecture a burd5 to !m in/ead ( a delight4 ,?is transitional /yle is rightly call$ e>ly ,*ri/ian1 or ,con/ant9ian4 ,9 ! ,ea/1 ! vital "p ( ! empire at ?is "t1 a great] *ange 0 tak+ place t br\ght back life once aga9 to ! arts ( decoration2 ?is may be express$ 9 a =mula z ! re-ori5talization ( classic art--! l9k+ ( simple massive ,roman build+ to a new decoration1 vividly alive & inv5tive1 frank1 bright1 & full ( col\r1 & yet z rational 9 its *oice & application z ! con/ruction4 ,9 ! mod]n s5se ! ,romans may be said to h inv5t$ build+1 & ! ,byzant9e-,greeks ar*itecture4 ,! ,roman sy/em ( ar*$ build+1 cov]$ ) brick & concrete vault$ %ells & domes1 _h be5 mask$ by non-functional pill>s1 tablem5ts1 & p$im5ts 9 :at 0 ?\ght ! true ,a!nian mann]2 at ! same "t _m beautiful decorative exp$i5ts 7 also 9 use1 su* z ! l9+ ( walls ) l>ge ?9 m>ble slabs1 or small pieces ( glass ( v>i\s =ms & col\rs4 ,mosaic ( gold glass seems to h be5 kn[n be=e ! "t ( ,con/ant9e4#cbi ,gold tess]ae probably orig9at$ 9 an at fir/ almo/ accid5tal use ( portions ( ! ,roman glass vessels :i* are decorat$ by patt]ns 9 gold leaf protect$ by a ?9 lay] ( glass ov] ! surface4 ,p>ts ( su* vessels are f\nd us$ decoratively 9 ! ,catacombs4 ,byzant9e ar*itecture 0 develop$ by ! use ( brick 9 ! franke/ & fulle/ mann]1 especially 9 domical vault+4 ,wide spans 7 kept 9 equipoise by o!r small] domes4 ,! m conc5trat$ supports 7 m>ble monoli?s1 & ! wall & vault surfaces 7 cov]$ by incru/ations ( m>ble slabs & glass mosaic4 ,directness1 an economy ( lab\r relative to ! results obta9$1 is p]haps ! mo/ ess5tial *>act]i/ic ( ! art bo? 9 con/ruction & decoration 9 ! great p]iod4 ,?is fre$om & rationality m>k x out f all o!r /yles ( build+1 or r make x include all o!r /yles1 = ?is rea*es ! univ]sal4 ,m4 ,*oisy rightly insi/s on ! fact t ! ,byzant9e build]s endeav\r$ to suppress prep>atory & auxili>y "w1 & to execute _! vaults & domes )\t c5tr+4 8,! great] numb] ( _! vaults10 he says 8rose 9 space )\t any k9d ( support4444 ,_! me?od is n a m]e v>iation ( t ( ! ,we/1 b x is q a di/9ct sy/em1 n ev5 d]iv$ f a ,roman s\rce1 b ,asiatic4 ,byzant9e art is ! ,greek _s work+ on ,asiatic elem5ts40 ,"h we h an extreme /atem5t 9 "o direction1 & ! ^w ,roman mu/ be us$ 9 a n>r[ s5se2 = ^! ,asiatic elem5ts 9 con/ruction1 ( :i* alone ,m4 ,*oisy seems to be speak+1 :atev] 7 _! remote orig9s mu/ h be5 completely absorb$ into ! l>g] ,rome ( ! ,empire1 & we h no k ( any o!r sy/em ( con/ruction 9 we/]n ,asia f ! fir/ to ! f\r? c5tury ?an 8,roman10 unless we subdivide ?is into ,palmyr5e1 ,h]odian1 or con/ruct an imag9>y ,p]sian /yle out ( :at w5t be=e & came aft]w>ds4 ,*oisy himself %[s t a l>ge use ( burnt brick 0 fir/ made by ! ,romans1 & t ! sy/em ( build+ vaults 9 sections kn[n 9 ,assyria & ,egypt _h be5 adopt$ by ,roman build]s 9 ! ,ea/ 9 ! "t ( ,con/ant9e4 ,b ?is 0 ! ess5tial g]m ( ,byzant9e con/ruction4 ,x 0 ! fall+ away ( a dead s*ola/icism t left ,roman build+ 9 ! ,ea/ free to be %ap$ into ,byzant9e ar*itecture4 ,mr4 ,bury1 :o is extreme 9 ! opposite direction1 & makes ! same claim = ! cont9uity ( ,roman art z he does = ! ,empire1 sugge/s t ,romaic w\ld be a bett] t]m ?an ,byzant9e4 ,b :atev] "n is giv5 to ! political sy/em we mu/ rememb] t ! arts are %ap$ by ! p1 & t ! p 7 truly ,greek :o1 9 ! age ( ,ju/9ian1 ?\ght out & left to ! mod]n _w ! la/ great gift ( ,hell5ic g5ius--m$ival ,greek ar*itecture4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cj4--,roman ,tomb 9 ,pale/9e4 ,:ile ! art ( build+ 9 ! ,ea/1 p>ticul>ly 9 ,syria & ,asia ,m9or1 & possibly 9 ,egypt1 0 /ill di/9ctly ,roman1 a f]m5t & *ange may be detect$ :i* _c be mat*$ 9 ,rome itself4 ,bo? 9 con/ruction & ornam5tation !re is mu* already at ,palmyra & ,baalbec t belongs to ! new1 & repudiates ! rules ( m]ely (ficial art4 ,9 ,rome ! dome nev] appe>s to h be5 f9ally adapt$ to a composite build+ by be+ directly appli$ to a squ>e plan4 ,! dome on p5d5tives1 s f> z we "k1 0 inv5t$ & p]fect$ entirely 9 ! ,ea/4 ,m4 ,*oisy figures a build+ f ,j]a%1 :i* may be ( ! ?ird or f\r? c5tury :i* he consid]s ! e>lie/ kn[n dome on p5d5tives4 ,?is build+1 al?\gh x is pla9ly e>ly1 has no?+ *>act]i/ically ,roman ab\t x4 ,a build+ ( ! same class h[ev]1 rec5tly discov]$ by ! ,pale/9e ,exploration ,society at ,kusr en ,neijs 9 ea/]n ,pale/9e1#ccj is an ornate example ( late ,roman "w2 ,ionic pila/]s & c>v$ entablature mask ! outside1 :ile )9 we h a p]fect$ dome on p5d5tives cov]+ a c5tral squ>e area1 c\nt]pois$ by f\r b>rel vaults4 ,we agree ) ! ,memoir t--8!re c be little hesitation 9 ascrib+ ?is build+ to ! second c5tury ,a4,d40 ,?is build+1 probably a mausoleum1 9 adju/m5t ( p>ts1 & geometrical developm5t might be a ,byzant9e *ur* ( ?ree hundr$ ye>s lat]4 ,x is a little ,sancta ,sophia1 & tak5 toge!r ) ! ,j]a% build+ x makes a class invaluable z a fix$ po9t to "w f4#cca ,?is h[ev] l mo/ ,syrian build+s is ( /one4 ,a *ur* at ,koja ,kalessi 9 ,isauria1#ccb ,fig4 #ca1 :i* !re is a great reason to suppose ( e>ly fif? c5tury "w1 furni%es an important l9k4 ,we h "h an approximation ( ! squ>e dom$ build+ to ! column$ basilica :i* is mo/ int]e/+4 ,?is *ur* is sub/antially complete ) wom5's gall]ies op5+ to ! nave by a second ti] ( arcades j z at ,s4 ,sophia4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ca4--,plan ( a ,*ur* 9 ,isauria4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cb4--;,*ur* ( ! ,tr9ity1 ,ephesus4 ,! next build+ we %\ld place 9 ! sequ5ce is ! *ur* ( ! ,tr9ity at ,ephesus ( :i* ,hbs*1 ,wood & ,*oisy give plans4 ,! =m] furni%es a re/oration1 & speaks ( x z probably "o ( ! e>lie/ ( ,*ri/ian *ur*es1 b !re is no reason to suppose x e>li] ?an ! beg9n+ ( ! fif? c5tury4 ,*oisy speaks ( x z a curi\s monum5t ( transition already ,byzant9e 9 /ructure4 ,be=e see+ ,hbs*'s re/oration1 we _h plac$ an arcade 9 ! lat]al ar*es1 agree+ 9 e respect ) 8 sugge/ions2 & t ?is 0 ! orig9al =m is /rongly confirm$ by ! next *ur*--z x seems to u--9 ! developm5t4 ,?is is ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,sophia at ,salonica1 :i* has long be5 assign$ to ,ju/9ian's reign at a "t subsequ5t to ! erection ( ,s4 ,sophia1 b is n[ ?\ght to belong to ! fif? c5tury4 ,m4 ,petros ,papageorgios 9 ! ,he/ia#ccc ( ,a!ns = ,octob] #crd & ,novemb] #ad? #ahic1 gives ! mosaic inscription ( ?is *ur*1 :i* he ?9ks def9itely fixes its decoration 9 ! ye> #die4ccd ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cc4--;,*ur* ( ,s4 ,sophia1 ,salonica4 ,scale ab\t =ty-five feet to an in*1 = ?ree plans4 ,! *ur*es at ,cassaba1 ,ancyra & ,myra 9 ,asia ,m9or engrav$ 9 ,texi]'s ,asie ,m9eure1 & repeat$ by ,salz5b]g relate !mselves s closely to ?is *a9 ( developm5t t we believe !y w be f\nd to belong r to ! fif? & six? c5turies ?an to ! sev5? or eigh? z ^? writ]s ?\ght4 ,! squ>e type ) a c5tral dome p]si/$ indep5d5tly )\t coalesc+ ) ! basilica4 ,su* 0 ! dom$ *ur* at ,antio* f\nd$ by ,con/ant9e & complet$ by ,con/antius2 "h ! c5tral dome 0 surr\nd$ by aisles1 & =m$ an octagon4 ,9 ! *ur*es ( ,/4 ,george at ,ezra1 & ,/4 ,s]gius at ,bosra we h domes /&+ ov] a c5tral octagon conta9$ 9 an ext]nal squ>e4 ,^! 7 built ab\t #eae1 & !y furni%$ ! type t 0 foll[$ at ,/4 ,s]gius at ,con/ant9ople :i* 0 built only a few ye>s be=e ,s4 ,sophia4 #b4 ,,! ,,build]s ,,( ,,! ,,*ur*4 ,x is notewor?y t ! ar*itects :o built ,s4 ,sophia z well z ! hi/orians :o *ronicle ! "w1 all1 s f> z _! bir?-places are kn[n1 come f ,syria & ,asia ,m9or4 ,! fl\ri%+ city ( ,ephesus 0 "o ( ! great c5tres ( ! trans=mation ( ! art ( build+2 & x 0 f ! neighb\r+ cities ( ,tralles & ,miletus1 t ,an!mius & ,isidorus came to ,con/ant9ople4 ,( ! two ma/] build]s :o appe> to h be5 employ$ toge!r by ,ju/9ian1 x seems cle>1 f ,procopius & ! o!r writ]s1 t ,an!mius 0 m especially conc]n$ 9 ! prep>ation ( ! fir/ draft or model1 & t ,isidorus1 by bir? a ,milesian1 0 associat$ ) him 9 ! conduct ( ! works4 8,an!mius10 says ,paulus1 8skill$ 9 sett+ out a plan1 laid ! f\ndation40 8,an!mius 0 ! man :o devis$ & work$ at e "p10 writes ,aga?ias1 & ?is au?or gives "s acc\nt ( 8 life4 8,n[ ?is ,an!mius 0 born at ,tralles1 & he 0 an inv5tor ( ma*9es2 "o ( ^? :o apply designs to mat]ial1 & make models & imitations ( real ?+s4 ,he 0 di/+ui%$ 9 ?is & _h rea*$ ! summit ( ma!matical k1 j z 8 bro!r ,metrodorus 0 di/+ui%$ 9 lett]s4 ,besides ^! !re 7 ?ree o!r bro!rs1 ,olympus1 fam\s = 8 k ( law1 & ,dioscorus & ,alex&]1 bo? skill$ 9 m$ic9e4 ,( ^! ,dioscorus liv$ 9 8 native l& & ,alex&] 9 ,old ,rome4 ,b ! fame ( ! skill ( ,an!mius & ,metrodorus rea*$ ! emp]or1 & !y 7 invit$ to ,con/ant9ople1 :]e !y sp5t ! re/ ( _! lives1 ea* pres5t+ wond]ful examples ( 8 skill4 ,"o taught lett]s2 ! o!r rais$ wond]ful build+s ?r\gh\t ! city & 9 _m o!r places2 ^!1 ,i ?9k1 ev5 if no?+ 7 said ab\t !m1 z long z !y rema9$ unh>m$1 w\ld be suffici5t to w9 = him p]petual glory40 ,/ories ( 8 me*anical +5uity are told by ,aga?ias "o ( :i* is z foll[s4 ,an!mius _h a qu>relsome neighb\r ^: room ov]hung 8 gr\nd4 ,he plac$ "h l>ge kettles ( wat]1 ) an arrangem5t ( lea!r pipes & a tube l a trumpet up to ! project+ "p2 & mak+ ! o!r p>ts secure1 8he heat$ ! wat] s t ! :ole ?+ bur/ up l an e>?quake40 ,z to ! s*eme prep>$ by ! ma/] build]s = ! build+1 an exam9ation ( ! evid5ce seems to sugge/ ! foll[+ antec$5t conditions & gov]n+ ideas4 #a4 ,! gr\nd levels requir$ a %ort & wide *ur* 7ante1 p4 #ahf74 #b4 ,an old we/]n apse possibly sugge/$ ! we/]n hemicycle ( ! new *ur* 7ante1 p4 #ai74 #c4 ,! plan1 :ile a direct outcome ( traditional =ms z we h %[n1 seems a syn!sis ( ! ?ree types :i* 7 !n curr5t2 ! ,basilican l ,s4 ,john ,/udius2 ! squ>e *ur* ) a dome l ,s4 ,s]gius1 & ! cross plan ( ! ,*ur* ( ! ,apo/les4 ,at ,s4 ,s]gius1 ! exp$i5t ( plann+ column$ ex$ras to fill out ! angles ( ! squ>e b5ea? a dom$ vault _h prov$ its utility & beauty4 ,= ! influ5ce ( ! cross type we ne$ only turn to ! plan1 & obs]ve t ! wid? across ! 8transepts0 is exactly ! same z ! l5g? includ$ by ! ea/]n & we/]n hemicycles4 ,! ma/] build]s n only design$ ! *ur*1 !y came 8& work$ at e "p10 & liv$ ) _! build+ until _! dea?2 !y c]ta9ly graduat$ z workm51 & we he> no?+ ( _! hon\rs or position1 only ( _! g5ius4#cce ,9 ! words ( ,m4 ,*oisy1 8,9 ,ju/9ian's "t1 to build 0 ! ess5tial rle ( ! ar*itect40 ,bo? ma/] build]s are aga9 m5tion$ z work+ toge!r on ! occasion ( ! =tifications ( ,d>a 9 ,mesopotamia1 hav+ be5 injur$ by floods4 ,! emp]or on he>+ ( x at ,con/ant9ople 8/raightway summon$ ^? mo/ celebrat$ ar*itects ,an!mius & ,isidorus m5tion$ be=e1 & inquir$ :at might be devis$40 ,! s*eme ( ,*ryses1 ! eng9e] ( ! works at ,d>a1 0 h[ev] adopt$4#ccf ,! y\ng] ,isidorus :o re-erect$ ! dome ( ,s4 ,sophia ,procopius m5tions z hav+ be5 employ$ by ,ju/9ian 9 rebuild+ ! city ( ,z5obia 9 ,mesopotamia ) its =tifications1 *ur*es1 ba?s & porticoes4 8,all ?is "w 0 done "u ! sup]9t5d5ce ( ,isidorus & ,joannes1 ( :om ,johannes 0 a ,byzant9e & ,isidorus a ,milesian by bir?1 be+ ! nephew ( t ,isidorus ,i m5tion$ be=e40 ,to ! ma/] build]s ,procopius1 ,paulus1 & ,!ophanes give ! names me*anikos1 polume*anos1 me*anopoios1 to :i* o!r writ]s add protooikodomos--8fir/ ( ! build]s10 magi/ros & mai/or4 ,! craftsm5 appe> to h be5 class$ z te*nitai ) a =eman ov] ea* subdivision4 ,! ,lat9 names ( ! diff]5t build+ crafts are giv5 bo? 9 ,!odosius' code1#ccg & 9 ! edict ( ,diocletian1#cch :i* fix$ _! wages4 ,?is edict is bil+ual1 b un=tunately ! ,greek synonyms = ! workm5 are want+4 ,9 ! description ( ! build+ ( ,s4 ,sophia1 ,procopius speaks ( ! li?ologos or 8/one-lay]10 :o built ! big pi]s1 ,paulus & ! ,anonym\s use laotoros & laotomos a 8mason0 & 8/one-cutt]10 :]ev] m>ble work]s are m5tion$1 to :i* mu/ also be add$ li?oxos 8/one poli%]40 ,! g5]al bricklay]s1 c4 are compris$ z oikodomoi4 ,tektonikos implies a c>p5t]4 ,s4 ,gregory ( ,nyssa1 9 describ+ a *ur* ( ,s4 ,!odore1 calls ! craftsman :o arrang$ ! mosaic tess]ae1 4 ,a li/ ( ! *ief classes ( workm5 employ$ 9 ! six? c5tury on a monum5tal build+ 9 ,italy giv5 by ,cassiodorus1#cci names ! foll[+--,in/ructor-p>ietum1 sculptor-m>morum1 cam]>um-rotator1 gypsopla/es1 & musiv>ius4 ,! in/ructor-p>ietum is probably ! man :o set out ! "w1 ! cam]>um-rotator is he :o turn$ ! vaults4 ,! gypsopla/es1 a lit]al transcription ( 1 signifies a work] or modell] 9 /ucco1 correspond+ to ! pla/es-gyps>ius ( ! edict ( ,diocletian4 ,! musiv>ius is ! 8putt] toge!r ( tess]ae0 ( ,s4 ,gregory4 ,workm5 :o und]/ood ! my/]ies ( 8vault turn+0 seem to h be5 especially appreciat$1 z ,!ophanes tells u t ,isaurian workm5 7 employ$ to build ! dome ( ,s4 ,sophia4 ,9 ! humble/ "w ! p]sonality ( ! mak] is (t5 delightfully express$4 ,a ,byzant9e brick 9 ! ,briti% ,museum is /amp$ 84 made by ! mo/ excell5t ,n>sis10 & a late ,roman glass cup be>s ! leg5d 8,ennion made ?is4 ,?9k ( x1 ,o buy]40 ,9 8 inquiry z to ! me?ods ( workman%ip1 ,m4 ,*oisy says ! ,byzant9e ,greeks did n efface f build+s all traces ( ! workman's individuality4 8,! workman is no m]e passive in/rum5t1 ob$i5t1 )\t any reg>d to initiative or responsibility1 to ! work%op =eman2 he is treat$ z an intellig5t p[]1 & f9ds 9 front ( him lib]ty1 & a field op5 to 8 imag9ation40 ,9 ,roman times ! sy/em 0 t we call 8division ( lab\r40 8,l'art roman e/ un fait d'organisation40 ,! workman 0 n an indep5d5t citiz5 work+ at 8 own pleasure = 8 daily wants2 he 0 a functionnaire1 & compulsorily a memb] ( an association organis$ by ! /ate on ! model ( milit>y s]vice4 ,9 ! ,ea/ an altoge!r fre] sy/em seems to h obta9$4 ,! guilds 7 indep5d5t associations1 & 9 ,pale/9e ! ,c>p5t]'s ,son & ! t5tmak] foll[$ _! call+s irrespective ( /ate au?ority4 8,9 ,byzant9e build+s ! same "n occurs 9 turn ^u columns1 capitals1 or simply squ>$ blocks ( /one1 & !re is no?+ to %[ t ! =eman ( ! works kept "o man at "o p>ticul> k9d ( "w4 ,! ,ea/ nev] *anges2 at pres5t ! abs5ce ( division ( lab\r 9 ,ori5tal build+s is mo/ /rik+4 ,! proprietor *ooses a ma/] workman 7protomai/or72 to ?is improvis$ ar*itect he adds a c]ta9 numb] ( head workm5 7mai/ores7 & _! companions1 & ^! same m5 w "w at digg+ ! f\ndations1 at ! masonry ( ! walls1 & at ! c>p5try ( ! ro(2 ev5 ! ironwork & jo9]y is sc>cely res]v$ = special workm540 ,! t]ms ma/]s & companions sugge/ an arrangem5t :i* m]its consid]ation4 ,l we/]n workm5 ! ,greek artizans 7 affiliat$ to corporations :i* h liv$ to our days4 ,^! associations 7sun]gasiai7 _h a c\ncil1 compos$ exclusively ( ^?1 :o1 by appr5tice%ip & trial1 _h e>n$ ! title ( ma/]s 7mai/ores74 ,ea* society 0 presid$ ov] by a 8protomai/or0 help$ by secret>ies 7grammateus & k]ux7 to summon ! meet+s4 ,x 0 at once a corporation ( workm51 a religi\s bro!rhood1 & a mutual aid society3 & su* societies engag$ 9 mutual acts ( hospitality & assi/ance betwe5 "o t[n & ano!r4 ,all work]s 9 ! ,ea/ seem to h be5 ?us associat$ into guilds1 & municipal life 0 organis$ on ! guilds4 ,?is is evid5t at ,con/ant9ople z e>ly z ! ,notitia1 see p4 #aa above4 ,! memb]s ( ! guilds _h to help at fires1 & ,lydus gives ! cry :i* br\ght !m toge!r1 8,omnes ,collegiati40 ,demetrius1 ! silv]smi? ( ,ephesus1 call$ toge!r ! ,sun]gasia :5 ! craft 0 9 dang]2 we ev5 he> ( /rikes4 ,ev5 unskill$ lab\r]s _h _! guilds1 & ,mr4 ,ramsay has describ$ ! ,guild ( ,/reet ,port]s ( ,smyrna 9 ,roman times 7,am]ican ,j\rnal ( ,ar*ology1 ,vol4 ,i474 ,! exi/5ce ( ! guilds is ! mo/ significant fact ( ! social hi/ory ( ! middle ages4 ,9 su* craft organisation ( lab\r1 free ( ! f9ancial middlem5 :o n[ rightly call !mselves 8,contractors10 we see ! only hope t build+ = s]vice1 & ornam5t+ = delight1 c aga9 be made possible4 ,our /udies h conv9c$ u t 8%op production0 w5t on side by side ) ! build+ organisation4 ,?is %op production w be at once all[$ = su* ?+s z gold cups & alt>s1 lamps & bronze doors1 b we believe t decorative m>ble "w 0 l>gely produc$ 9 ?is way1 & t j z enamell$ cups & damasc5$ doors 7 8ord]$0 9 ,con/ant9ople1 s also 7 sculptur$ slabs & capitals4 ,x w\ld be possible to acc\nt = m]e resemblance by 8influ5ce10 b absolute lik5ess betwe5 ! capitals & sculptur$ or inlaid slabs f\nd 9 contempor>y build+s1 at cities s f> ap>t z ,con/ant9ople1 ,salonica1 ,p>5zo1 ,rav5na1 & ,rome %[ t 9 ! fif? & six? c5turies su* works 7 disp]s$ f a common c5tre4 ,s e>ly z ! f\r? c5tury ,s4 ,gregory ,nazianz5us speaks ( a prie/ :o came to ,con/ant9ople 8f ,?asos br++ ) him ! gold ( ! *ur* :]e) to buy slabs 7plakes7 ( ,proconnesian m>ble40#cdj ,^! ?+s 7 n only b\ght1 b specially commission$2 = in/ance1 ! m>bles ( ,/4 ,clem5te1 :i* are almo/ c]ta9ly ,con/ant9ople "w1 be> f9e monograms ( ,john1 aft]w>ds elect$ pope 9 #ecb4 ,! great contribut+ cause = ?is1 besides ! political & arti/ic position ( ,con/ant9ople1 0 d\btless its possession ( an absolutely p]fect mat]ial 9 b\ndless pr(usion--! co>se :ite m>ble1 :i* we may see to-day s delightfully wr\ght 9 small %ops into ! tombs1 ea* ( :i* has its c>v$ tree ( cypress1 palm1 or rose4 #c4 ,,orig9al ,,=m ,,( ,,! ,,*ur*4 ,dome1 c4--,aga?ias tells u t :5 ,ju/9ian rebuilt ! dome x 0 made high]1 & t l>ge alt]ations 7 made to ! su/a9+ ar*es on ! nor? & s\? sides4 ,salz5b]g cites ,!ophanes & ,zon>as :o give ! increase ( height z tw5ty & tw5ty-five feet respectively4 ,if we exam9e ! longitud9al section we %all see t ! great semidomes ( ! hemicycles & ! apsoid ( ! bema %[ mu* less ( _! curvature outside ?an ! pres5t c5tral dome4 ,! w9d[s 9 ^! d n /& above a cornice1 b are pi]c$ ?r\gh ! vaults at middle height2 ! domical surface be+ unbrok5 by any cornice f spr++ to cr[n4 ,! cupola ( ! bapti/]y is also cont9u\s ) ! p5d5tives4 ,a dome ( ?is k9d1 h[ev]1 cont9u+ ! p5d5tives1 w\ld seem to be impossibly flat1 & w\ld be "s ?irty feet less ?an ! pres5t height--see ,a 9 ,fig4 #d1 ! exi/+ dome ris+ to ,b4 ,if a curve betwe5 ^! two be obta9$ by l[]+ ! cr[n ( ! dome ab\t fifte5 feet to ,c1 x may be notic$ t a /raight l9e tang5tial to ! curve ( ! ea/]n apsoid1 & also to ! great semidome w\ld =m simil> contact ) ! dome4 ,salz5b]g1 und]/&+ an acc\nt ( ,c$r5us z to a /r5g!n+ ( ! abutm5ts ( ! dome to ref] to ! great buttress masses :i* rise above ! gynaeceum ro(1 consid]s t ! ext]nal p>ts ( ^! masses 7 additions made at ! "t ( ,ju/9ian's re/oration4 ,^! great v]tical piles are s ess5tial to ! /ructure1 to ! logical beauty ( ! design1 & to ! /aircase s]vice ( ! build+2 moreov] ! prep>ation = !m b5ea? is s adequate1 t we _c accept ?is sugge/ion1 & !re=e foll[ ,*oisy 9 consid]+ !m orig9al4 ,n[ ,*oisy1 exam9+ ! ext]nal base ( ! dome :]e x =ms a squ>e1 f\nd t ! f\r angles _h be5 increas$1 & t x did n orig9ally =m a squ>e1 b rose above ! pi]s & ! lat]al ar*es z %[n 9 ,fig4 #cd1 & 9 ,fig4 #cg1 :]e ! fir/ base is %[n by hat*+ & ! additions by dott$ l9es1 ,a ,a4 8,?is alt]ation10 he writes1 8is n hypo!tical4 ,i v]ifi$ ! entire abs5ce ( bond betwe5 ! fir/ base ( ! dome & ! add$ "w0 7p4 #ach74 ,^! additions 7 built on ! lat]al ar*es1 & on ! top ( ! pi]s1 alt]+ ! =m %[n 9 our ,fig4 #ce to ! pres5t =m giv5 by ,salz5b]g4 ,t ,*oisy is "r1 is borne out by see+ ! resemblance ( treatm5t t !re w\ld h be5 betwe5 ! gr[? ( ! dome on ! nor? & s\? & ! semidome on ! we/ 7see ,fig4 #cd74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cd4--,view ( ,vault$ ,sy/em ( ,s4 ,sophia1 adapt$ f ,*oisy4 ,aga91 ,salz5b]g h>dly makes x suffici5tly cle> t ! l>ge ar*es 9 ! walls :i* fill ! great v]tical semicircles ov] ! arcades on nor? & s\? sides1 are 9 fact ! inn] surfaces ( ! ar*es :i* pass betwe5 ! pairs ( pi]s on nor? & s\? sides 7sev5ty-two feet ap>t 9 ?is direction71 & be+ ! :ole wid? ( ^? pi]s 7fifte5 feet eight in*es7 on s(fite !y =m ! imm5se ar*es s well kn[n on ! outside4 ,! semicircles ( wall1 ea* ( :i* conta9s twelve w9d[s1 are n[ fill$ 9 b5ea? ^! ar*es1 flu% ) _! inn] faces1 & ! ar*es !re=e d n %[ to ! int]ior ?r\gh ! decoration 7,figs4 #d1 #cf1 #ch74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ce4--,plan ( ,upp] ,gall]y z fir/ design$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cf4--,section ( ,aisles & ,gall]y4 ,n[ ,aga?ias 7see page #cj7 says t at ! re/oration aft] ! e>?quake 9 #eeh1 at ! nor? & s\? ar*es !y br\ght t[>ds ! inside 8! portion ( ! build+ :i* 0 on ! curve40 ,?is1 we ?9k1 mu/ ref] to ! fill+ wall1 9 ! ar*es ( sev5ty-two feet span1 :i* we suppose 0 =m]ly on ! ext]ior1 & ?us left an upp] gall]y twelve feet wide & sev5ty-two feet long op5 to ! int]ior4 8,& !y made ! ar*es wid] to be 9 h>mony ) ! o!rs1 ?us mak+ ! equilat]al symmetry m p]fect4 ,!y ?us r$uc$ ! va/ space & =m$ an oblong design40 ,t is ! ar*es ( sev5ty-two feet1 :5 fill$ up on ! inside1 7 no long] visible1 & ! dome appe>$ to /& ov] ar*es ( #ajj feet span on nor? & s\?1 z already on ea/ & we/1 ! transv]se dim5sion ( ! *ur* be+ less5$ betwe5 ^! po9ts by "s tw5ty-f\r feet4 ,salz5b]g und]/&+ ,aga?ias to ref] to ! app>5t ar*es ( #ajj feet span on nor? & s\? is unable to (f] any explanation4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cg4--,plan ( ,basis ( ,dome z orig9ally design$1 ) ,additions ,a ,a conta9+ /airs4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ch4--,section betwe5 ,great & ,second>y ,ord]s4 ,! actual evid5ce 9 ! *ur*1 we believe1 fully be>s out ! int]pretation "h sugge/$4 ,:at we h call$ ! second>y ord] ( columns w\ld pass exactly b5ea? ! position giv5 to ?is wall4 ,^! columns on ! gall]y floor are v /rong1 & a v /rong r[ ( ar*es runs along ov] !m 7see ,fig4 #ch74 ,moreov] ! curta9 walls 9 e o!r in/ance ?r\gh\t ! *ur* are flu% ) ! ext]ior4 ,t ?is space is n available to ! int]ior ( ,s4 ,sophia has caus$ ,*oisy to criticise ! design 9 ?is respect z 8a solution undecid$1 moy5 t]me1 f*eux2 ! l>ge ar*es by a dep>ture f ord9>y rule be+ ?r[n on ! outside s t ! space cov]$ by !m 0 lo/4 ,s4 ,sophia ,salonica r$ress$ ?is error40 ,we wond] t ,*oisy's views z to ! orig9al base ( ! dome did n cause him to take ! fur!r /ep we h "h sugge/$4 ,! pres5t =m1 9 :i* ! lat]al ar*es support ! squ>e base ( ! dome1 is at lea/ a possible "o2 b t ! ar*es :5 !y c>ri$ no?+ & ?us 7 actually vaults 7z be=e %[n by ,*oisy7 7 n fill$ ) a scre5 b 7 m]e ar*es twelve feet on s(fite1 ly+ aga9/ ! sides ( ! build+ seems inconceivable4 ,9 our ,figure #cd we h am5d$ ,*oisy's view 9 ?is respect4 ,look+ on ^! lat]al ar*es z vaults we h fill$ !m ) a w9d[ l ! we/]n vault1 & ! h>mony :i* results betwe5 ! sides & ! we/ end amply v]ifies our conclusions4 ,"o po9t fur!r4 ,! upp] surface ( ! base ( ! dome on ! we/ side %\ld n be :olly level z %[n 9 ,fig4 #cd1 ! c5tral ?ird curves up foll[+ ! l9e ( ! top ( semidome4 ,9 o!r words1 ! great ar* ( ! int]ior pu%es itself up ?r\gh ! base ( ! dome1 & ?is treatm5t ?us recurr$ at v>i\s heights--ov] l>ge w9d[s ( aisles1 ov] we/]n & lat]al lunettes1 z we h %[n1 & ov] ! semidome4 ,orig9ally1 be=e ! int]ior 0 n>r[$ 9 ! way we h expla9$1 !re 0 a mu* cle>] sugge/ion ( a cross plan3 b>rel vaults at nor? & s\? be+ fill$ at _! ends ) l>ge lunettes l ! we/ vault4 ,we suppose t ! failure 0 ma9ly 9 ! second>y ord]1 & t ! w9d[ scre5 & all possible weight 0 entirely remov$ & transf]r$ to ! great ord]4 ,salz5b]g 0 satisfi$ t !re _h be5 great alt]ations 9 ?is "p ( ! build+1 & ,*oisy's view ( ! w9d[-wall1 ,plate xxv41 entirely confirms 8 op9ion4 ,if x c\ld be %[n t ! alt]ation spok5 ( by ,aga?ias w n be> ! int]pretation we put on x1 !re 7 e>li] tr\bles at ?is "p m5tion$ by ,procopius4 ,! be/ pro(1 h[ev]1 we sugge/ is f\nd 9 ! design4 ,x has be5 be=e po9t$ out t ,*oisy & o!r writ]s h too ha/ily assum$ t ,s4 ,sophia ,salonica 0 built aft] ! great *ur* ( ,con/ant9ople4 ,t x prec$$ x en=ces ! pres5t argum5t4 ,grelot 7#afhj7 writes t upp] gall]ies rema9$ 9 ! *ur* 9 ^! positions1 b he bas$ 8 ass]tion on ! r[ ( sev5 ar*$ recesses j above ! ma9 cornice :i* he ?\ght 7 =m]ly op54 ,x is cle> h[ev] f an exam9ation ( ! section t ! ar*es c\ld only h op5$ to ! vault ( ! fir/ floor gynaeceum4 ,t ^! small ar*es did op5 to ! vault ( ! fir/ floor1 seems to be borne out by ! fact t above ! c5tre ( ! second>y ord]1 :]e its ar* is l[1 a simil> pi]c+ is made1 ?r\gh :i* 7or ! high] ar*es on ea* side7 & ?r\gh ! sev5 ar*es1 a my/]i\s p]spective into ! imm5sity ( ! dome might h be5 obta9$ by ^? 9 ! gynaeceum 7see ,figs4 #d1 #cf1 #ch74 ,%all[ ar*$ recesses m]ely us$ decoratively seem to h be5 little kn[n to e>ly ,byzant9e art1 & ar*es on ! fir/ floor ?r\gh ! great pi]s are block$ 9 a simil> way4 ,moreov] su* op5+s w\ld expla9 :y ! vault betwe5 ! two ord]s ( columns is s mu* /ilt$ up into m]e d>kness4 ,atrium4--,to expla9 ! pres5t confus$ arrangem5t ( ! ext]ior1 we mu/ rememb] t f ! "t ( ! description ( ! *ur* by ! ,sil5ti>y to its description by ,gyllius 0 a ?\s& ye>s--z long z f ! "t ( ,alfr$ to ! pres5t day--& 9 ?is "t we may well expect alt]ations & accretions4 ,9 ,*apt] ,,ix4 we h %[n t ! pres5t =m ( ! exon>!x1 ) its great ext]nal pi]s1 0 an alt]ation1 made ab\t ! "t ! belfry 0 add$ 9 ! n9? c5tury4 ,be=e t "t ! atrium 0 alike on all f\r sides--a true quadriporticus--"o ( ! mo/ beautiful features ( ! anci5t *ur*es4 7,see ,figs4 #c & #be47 ,nor? & ,s\? ,por*es4--,mu* ( ! confusion at ! nor?-we/ & s\?-we/ angles is ! result ( ,turki% atta*m5ts1 includ+ ! we/]n m9>ets1 :i* 7 built 9 ! la/ qu>t] ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,! plan ( gynaeceum floor furni%es ! be/ key to ! =m] arrangem5t1 = :]e !re is ,byzant9e "w above1 x mu/ once h exi/$ bel[4 ,comp>+ ! fir/ floor & ro( plans 9 ,salz5b]g ) ! gr\nd plan1 x becomes app>5t t ! ma9 block 0 orig9ally f9i%$ bo? at nor?-we/ & s\?-we/ angles to ! g5]al squ>e ( build+4 ,! two /aircases n[ at ^! angles 7 add$ z extra buttress+ masses2 ! orig9al /airs be+ ! f\r 9 ! pi]s ( nor? & s\? sides4 ,! nor? & s\? por*es1 ) extra build+ above ! latt] on ! fir/ floor1 7 also additions4 ,besides ! irregul>ity & inf]ior /yle ( ^! build+s ! foll[+ evid5ce %\ld be notic$4 ,! actual =m ( ! nor?-we/ angle on ! gall]y floor2 & ! natural read+ ( ! ?ree plans :5 laid "o ov] ! o!r2 broad ar*es1 :i* pass across ! por*es2 ! fact t ! ar* 9 s\? por* 7dott$ 9 ,c on ,figure #bd1 see also ,fossati1 ,plate i47 n[ has no (fice2 & t above ! door at ?is end ( n>!x1 !re is a w9d[ :i* n[ m]ely op5s into ! s\? por*4 ,an exam9ation ( ! ext]ior on ! s\? side %[s t ! s\?-we/ /aircase 0 built be=e ! por*1 or ! "p above x at lea/1 because a /raight jo9t 9 ! wall+1 & ! =m ( ! ro(+1 "h cle>ly make evid5t t ! apex ( ! gable ro( 0 orig9ally ov] ! c5tre ( ! /aircase1 & t ! slope has be5 subsequ5tly run =w>d to cov] ! "p above ! por*4 ,9 consid]+ all ! o!r irregul>ly atta*$ build+s1 toge!r ) ! hi/orical evid5ce1 x seems cle> t ! *ur* z design$ & fir/ built 0 ext]nally a regul> p>allelogram1 int]rupt$ only by ! projection ( ! apse at ! ea/ end2 :i* 0 itself mask$ by a range ( l[ *amb]s aga9/ ! ea/ wall1 ?r\gh :i* !re 7 two entrances to ! *ur* z at pres5t1 & to :i* o!r two doors1 9 ! ea/ wall1 /ill visible b n[ block$1 gave access4 ,! o!r ext]nal doors1 besides ^? f n>!x1 be+ two on ! nor? & "o 9 ! s\? wall2 toge!r ) two ext]nal doors at ! gynaeceum level1 "o ( :i* probably gave access to ! gall]y along :i* ! emp]or pass$ to ! *ur*1 & ! o!r1 to ! nor?1 may h l$ to ! cells ( ! cl]gy4 ,bapti/]y & ,loggia4--,( e>ly build+s deta*$ f ! *ur* we h ! r\nd build+ at ! nor?-ea/1 :i* we reg>d z hav+ desc5d$ f ! e>li] *ur*1 & ! s\?-we/ bapti/]y1 ) a loggia atta*$ to its nor? side4 ,! space betwe5 ! *ur* & ! bapti/]y on plan looks l a cov]$ way1 lead+ f ! *ur* ) a scre5 9 ! middle1 b ! "p next ! *ur* is1 & always mu/ h be51 op54 ,! "p next ! bapti/]y is cov]$ ) a l>ge semicyl9drical vault1 ar*$ transv]sely to ! 8scre510 & p5etrat$ by a less cyl9d] 9 ! direction ( ! l5g? ( ! loggia4 ,rebates 7on bapti/]y side7 r\nd ! doorway :i* /&s betwe5 ! pair ( columns %[ t !re 0 a door1 & /rips d[n ! sides ( ! pill>s1 :i* /& above ! transom1 %[ t pi]c$ slabs or o!r closures fill$ ! ar*$ front ( ! vault4 ,if we add brea/-high closures 9 ! lat]al op5+s1 z 9 ! portico ( ,/4 ,john ,/udius1 ! :ole becomes an inclos$ loggia aga9/ ! bapti/]y4 ,salz5b]g /ates t !re 0 a door 9 ! nor? wall ( bapti/]y1 & ,lab>te places ano!r 9 ! we/]n comp>tm5t ( s\? aisle ( *ur*1 b = ! latt] !re does n appe> to be a p>ticle ( evid5ce2 & consequ5tly ! c\rt & loggia _c h =m$ a direct passage to ! bapti/]y4 #a4 ,salz5b]g on 8 plan draws ! transv]se axis ( ! bapti/]y1 & t ( ! we/]n bay ( ! *ur*2 ^! d n agree by a foot or two1 b ! doorway ( 8scre50 agrees ) nei!r1 nor is x a mean betwe5 !m1 b v>ies by excess4 #b4 ,9 ! section 7,salz5b]g1 ,plate xi47 x is se5 t ! pres5t level ( floor 9 ?is loggia is t ( bapti/]y1 & is bel[ t ( *ur*2 b ! columns h no bases1 !re=e ! loggia floor 0 b5ea? bo? *ur* & bapti/]y4 #c4 ,a l>ge ar* is %[n betwe5 ! *ur* & we/ pi] ( ?is loggia1 f :i* x spr+s prop]ly1 :ile at ! o!r end x is cut (f incomplete by ! wall ( ! *ur*4 ,^! reasons toge!r lead u to sugge/ t ! loggia is possibly old] ?an ! *ur*1 & t x may be a "p ( an arcade reta9$ :5 ! pres5t *ur* 0 built4 ,! /yle ( ! scre5 w\ld readily all[ ( its be+ tw5ty or ?irty ye>s old] ?an ,s4 ,sophia4 ,! capitals are n f\nd else:]e 9 ! *ur*1 :ile simil> ones =m ! *ief ord] at ,s4 ,s]gius2 & ! door is ins]t$ betwe5 ! two columns1 exactly z 9 ! portico ( ,s4 ,john ,/udius4 ,we d n h[ev] insi/ on its be+ e>li] ?an ! *ur* s mu* z on ! evid5ce po9t+ to its be+ "p ( a cont9u\s arcade 7see plan1 ,fig4 #ci74 ,d\btless x might be det]m9$ f a c>eful exam9ation :e!r ! loggia or ! bapti/]y 0 built fir/4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ci4--,re/oration ( ,loggia by ! ,bapti/]y4 ,scale ab\t eight feet to an in*4 ,! way by :i* ! 8,great ,bapti/]y0 0 rea*$ f ! bema1 z m5tion$ 9 ! ,c]emonies 0 probably by ?is cloi/]1 :i* p]haps inclos$ "o ( ! c\rts on ! sides ( ! *ur*1 spok5 ( by ,procopius & ! ,sil5ti>y4 ,! portion drawn by ,salz5b]g /ill rema9s1 al?\gh sadly pla/]$ ov] & mutilat$4 #d4 ,,/ructural ,,sy/em ,,& ,,vault+4 ,! geometrical s*eme ( ?is build+1 :i* 9 its f9al =m mu/ be ! result ( hundr$s ( adju/m5ts1 modifications1 & exp$i5ts1 to meet newly discov]$ em]g5cies1 is )al s seem+ly simple1 t x may be read z a b>e me*anical solution ( ! prim>y conditions4 ,! great c5tral area1 except+ only ! n>r[ bema1 is surr\nd$ by two /ories ( vaults2 ! ?ru/ ( ! dome ov] ! squ>e ( ab\t #ajj feet is n only resi/$ by ^!1 b by ! f\r imm5se buttress+ masses 7or r *amb]s = !y are built holl[7 :i*1 pi]c$ by ar*es1 pass "r across ! aisles4 ,ea/ & we/ ! dome is su/a9$ by ! semidomes ( ! great hemicycles1 & ^! 9 turn by ! vaults ( ! ?ree subdivisions ( ! hemicycles4 ,! ?ru/s are ?us di/ribut$ 9 a regul> pyramid4 ,! ext]nal wall1 :i* incloses ! :ole1 be+ built out to ! extremity ( ! great buttress pi]s ( ! nor? & s\? sides1 & ! less] pi]s ea/ & we/1 is ?us little m ?an a scre51 inclos+ ! m active p>ts ( ! /ructure4 ,"o ( ! mo/ rem>kable exp$i5ts ( ?is m>vell\sly plann$ build+ is t by :i* ! vaults ( ! side aisles1--:i*1 hav+ l>ge spans1 necess>ily spr+ comp>atively l[ d[n--are receiv$ on ! second>y ord] ( columns1 /&+ beh9d ! pill>s ( ! great ord]4 ,?is all[s ( ! /ately colonnade on ei!r side ( ! c5tral space & ^? 9 ! f\r ex$ras be+ only controll$ by ! height ( ! upp] floor1 :i* is =ty-f\r feet above ! area z is expla9$ by ,figs4 #cf1 #ch4 ,^! second>y pill>s also trans=m ! spaces left by ! ex$ras into squ>e comp>tm5ts4 ,ar* ,=ms4--,! great ar*es "u ! dome h _! c5tres two feet six in*es above ! spr++ l9e4 ,^? 9 ! pr9cipal arcade appe> to be semicircul>4 ,9 ! adjo9+ ex$ras1 ! porphyry columns n be+ ne>ly s long z ! gre5 ones1 !y 7 set on p$e/als1 & ! ar*es are 8horse%oe0 9 =m1 at lea/ t[>ds ! nave1 = !y are built 8w9d+10 s z to approa* a squ>e impo/ on _! caps4 ,we say approa*1 = !re is a gradual modification2 ! caps be+ an in* or two wid] t[>ds ! aisles1 ! impo/ increases ?is by a few in*es m4 ,! op5+s f gynaeceum at we/ end are segm5tal1 "s ar*es to ! side w9d[s & ! lat]al w9d[s ( we/ elevation1 ,fig4 #be1 are bluntly po9t$4 ,! transv]se ar*+ ( n>!x is semielliptical1 or r ?ree-c5tr$1 a segm5t ) ! curve at ! ends quick5$ to become tang5tial to ! wall4 ,! po9t$ ar* is us$ 9 ! great aqu$uct ne> ,con/ant9ople & 9 "o ( ! city ci/]ns3 bo? appe> to be ( ! age ( ,ju/9ian4#cda ,vault+4--,! vault+ is execut$ ) ! ma/]y & fre$om t comes ( confid5ce 9 direct me?ods4 ,c]ta9 portions are cyl9drical1 & o!rs are =m$ by cyl9drical cross-p5etrations4 ,! octagon ( ! bapti/]y1 & ! squ>e comp>tm5ts ( ! gynaeceum1 are cov]$ by domes :i* p5etrate d[n into ! angles ) cont9u\s p5d5tives4 ,! l>g] comp>tm5ts ( ! vaults ( ! aisles require "s explanation4 ,:]e f\r semicircul> ar*es op5 ab\t a squ>e or oblong space1 & x is desir$ to make ! vault con=m exactly to !m1 ?is may be accompli%$ by a semisph]ical dome1 ! span ( :i* is equal to ! diagonal ( ! comp>tm5t to be cov]$2 su* a vault pres5ts an unbrok5 surface4 ,or two cyl9drical vaults may p5etrate at "r angles1 :5 ! vault is brok5 by ! int]section into f\r surfaces4 ,at ,s4 ,sophia x 0 evid5tly desir$ to keep ! spr++ high = ! sake ( ! monoli? columns1 & yet to ma9ta91 s f> z possible1 a domical surface4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dj4--;,con/ruction ( ,vaults4 ,?us 9 ,fig4 #dj ! dome spr++ out ( ! angle requires ! height a1 ! radius be+ equal to half ! diamet]2 b x 0 wi%$ to flatt5 ?is to b1 & yet = ! vault to rise ev]y:]e f ! ar*$ l9e e1 c4 ,n[ if ! vault con=ms to ! surfaces g5]at$ by ! revolution ( ! arc d1 f1 b1 ab\t ! axis o1 d1 int]sect+ ) a simil>ly g5]at$ surface at "r angles1 we get a mean betwe5 ! dom$ & cyl9drical =ms--a domical vault4 ,! int]sections1 in/ead ( be+ ev]y:]e squ>e on plan z at x1 x1 & ris+ j to ! cr[n ( ! vault1 z w\ld be ! case ) cyl9drical p5etrations1 w be obtuse z at i1 i1 & n ris+ s high w practically leave a l>ge concave surface unbrok5 at ! cr[n ( ! vault4 ,?is is ! pr9ciple ( ! vaults ( ,s4 ,sophia2 ! gradations be+ g5tle & ! means less obvi\s1 ! =ms are m l ^? f\nd 9 nature1 & ! result is extremely beautiful4 ,! =ms are fur!r s(t5$ by e edge ( ar* & vault be+ r\nd$1 s t ! mosaic completely envelops ! :ole l a va/ embroid]$ gold tissue4 ,!re w\ld be no difficulty 9 con/ruction1 = ! vault falls ev]y:]e on an ar* 9 ! angle e1 f1 b t is 9 planes :i* are radii to ! ar*4 ,! vault+ ( ! n>!x is made up ( a s]ies ( comp>tm5ts1 mu* n>r[] ?an ! span1 divid$ by pla9 ar*$ b&s4 ,to meet ! requirem5ts ( su* oblong spaces two gauges w\ld be ne$$4 ,! 8w9d+0 ( ! l9es ( int]section 0 n to be fe>$1 z !y 7 s soon lo/ 9 ! m domical surface ( ! upp] "p ( ! vault4 ,aft] ! above 0 writt5 we f\nd ! geometrical & practical con/ruction ( ^! vaults expla9$ 9 ,l',art de ,btir *ez les ,byzant9s1 9 a mann] :i* diff]s f t "h giv54 ,m4 ,*oisy's me?od is fir/ ( all to design ! curve ( ! int]section ov] ! diagonal ( ! plan z a segm5t ( a circle3 !n he consid]s all sections ( ea* comp>tm5t ( ! vault1 tak5 p>allel to its ar*1 & !re=e p]p5dicul> to its axis1 to be also segm5ts ( circles spr++ f a s]ies ( po9ts on ! diagonals1 _! c5tres be+ on ! axis ( ea* vault4 ,we _c agree ) ?is1 =1 al?\gh !oretically ! vault s conceiv$ diff]s immat]ially f ! solution we h propos$1 yet practically its erection w\ld be full ( difficulty4 ,m4 ,*oisy's me?od is t propos$ by ,m4 ,viollet-le-,duc = ! lat] ,romanesque vaults1 9 :i*1 ! mat]ials be+ poor rubble1 c5tr+ mu/ h be5 requir$4 ,9 ^! ,viollet-le-,duc ?9ks t diagonal c5tres 7 us$1 & !n planks 7 plac$ f !m to ! g5]at+ ar*es1 & ! additional height ( a domical vault made up by a lay] ( e>?4 ,x is to be notic$ t diagonal c5tres 9 ?is case almo/ imm$iately produc$ diagonal /one ribs4 ,m4 ,*oisy 9 8 mo/ int]e/+ book %[s t ! *ief consid]ation 9 ! con/ruction ( ! ,byzant9e vaults 0 to avoid wood5 c5tr+4 ,) ?is view we entirely agree1 b 9 ! sy/em expla9$ 9 ,l',art de ,btir1 ! l9es ( con/ruction w\ld be arriv$ at by an elaborate sy/em1 :i* requir$ fix$ axes to ! vaults & ei!r a diagonal c5tre or a rod revolv+ 9 a v]tical plane ov] ! diagonal4 ,!n two rods1 =m+ an angle ) its apex t\*+ any giv5 po9t 9 ! diagonal curve & ! ends re/+ on ! axis ( ! vault z a base1 revolv$ z a trammel = t c\rse ( ! fill+4 ,?is _h to be repeat$ = a s]ies ( po9ts4 ,by ! me?od we h sugge/$ no?+ 0 requir$ except a s+le template to a fix$ angle1 ! upp] arm cut to ! curve f ! cr[n ( ! ar* to ! cr[n ( ! vault2 we may suppose ?is to sweep r\nd ! g5]at+ ar*es l a trammel1 b practically te/+ ! "w ) x at ! cr[n1 z x gradually grew =w>d1 0 d\btless f\nd suffici5t 7see ,fig4 #dj74 ,?us ! vault surfaces gave ! conditions ( ! problem & ! int]sections f\nd !mselves4 ,we did n notice ! curi\s 8curve ( inflection0 ( :i* ,m4 ,*oisy speaks2 c]ta9ly x does n g5]ally exi/1 al?\gh accord+ to ,l',art de ,btir 8,s4 ,sophia is ! mo/ curi\s example :i* rema9s ( ?is s+ul> conception1 :]e ! _s ( ,greek logic did n hesitate be=e anomalies ( =m0 7p4 #ee74 ,we believe ?is curve is d$uc$ only by ! logic ) :i* ,m4 ,*oisy's foll[s up 8 me?od ( geometrical projection1 :i* c]ta9ly g5]ates su* an inflect$ curve4 ,we _c say ?is )\t at ! same "t express+ our great admiration = ,l',art de ,btir2 its fre%ness ( sight1 cle>ness1 vitality1 & logic are entirely delightful4 ,/rzyg[ski & ,=*heim]#cdb foll[ ,*oisy's demon/ration2 & give an elaborate & analytical explanation ( ! curve & its po9ts ( inflexion4 ,"o ( ! ci/]ns !y say %[$ ! inflect$ l9e 9 ! axial sections ( ! vaults 7p4 #ga74 ,n[ ! ci/]n vaults are r\ghly built & "s ( !m may h settl$ d[n2 "s inde$ may h be5 design$ s t ! axial section is horizontal = "s di/ance f ! walls be=e ! dom+ is comm5c$1 especially 9 ! long direction ( p>allelogramic comp>tm5ts4 ,! ess5tial po9ts are two4 ,did ^! vaults gr[ =w>d f ! walls & ! int]sections f9d !mselves1 or 0 ! curve ( int]section fir/ design$8 ,are horizontal sections ?r\gh ! int]section ( two vault surfaces j above ! spr++ obtuse or acute8 ,! vaults at ,s4 ,sophia h ! angles ( int]section s obtuse t ?is fir/ drew our att5tion to ! subject4 ,= a g5]al view ( ! vault$ sy/em ( ,s4 ,sophia we w\ld especially ref] to ,*oisy1 ^: rem>ks on ! con/ruction ( ^! vaults are mo/ int]e/+4 ,he cle>ly %[s h[ ! l>ge flat bricks made possible ! con/ruction ( vaults )\t c5tr+4 ,! extrados ( ! ar*es f :i* ! vaults spr+ be+ splay$ to a skew back1 ! l>ge surfaces ( ! ?9 light bricks all[$ !m to be /uck up aga9/ ?is skew back1 or any "p already done1 mu* z if !y 7 squ>e %eets ( c>dbo>d 7see left side ( ,fig4 #dj74 ,inde$ ! bricks seem sometimes to h be5 plac$ q v]tically1 b ! bett] plan seems to h be5 to incl9e ! b$s1 ! vaults 7 ?us built 9 sections r ?an 9 lay]s4 ,to take ! simple/ in/ance1 a cyl9drical vault1 ! ar*+ w\ld beg9 at "o end aga9/ ! v]tical wall1 ! r+s ( l>ge ?9 bricks be+ plac$ 8on edge0 9 planes ( say #fj "r d[n ! vault4 ,9 o!r words1 9 a longitud9al section ( su* a vault ! jo9ts in/ead ( be+ horizontal might be v]tical1 or a mean betwe5 ! two4 ,?is me?od 0 kn[n 9 anci5t ,egypt & at ,khorsabad1 & ! imm5se vault at ,ctesiphon is built 9 ?is way4 ,al?\gh ! mosaic cov]s mo/ ( ! vaults at ,s4 ,sophia1 a va/ numb] are expos$ 9 ! contempor>y ci/]ns1 & ,*oisy seems to h f\nd a cyl9drical vault uncov]$ 9 a *amb] 9 "o ( ! buttress masses 7,plate ii471 he also %[s ! con/ruction ( ! aisle & n>!x vaults 7,plates ix4 & xi471 b he does n say if he _h any au?ority = ^!4 ,we agree ) him t ! vaults ( ,s4 ,sophia owe mu* ( _! exceptional beauty to ! fact t ar*es d n break up ! curv+ expanse ( ! vault+ to any appreciable degree2 9 ! n>!x ! ar*es become "o ) ! vault1 see ,fig4 #da4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #da4--,section ( ,n>!x & ,gall]y ov] %[+ ,royal ,doors4 ,scale twelve & a half feet to an in* 7#a_/abe74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #db4--;,dome ,con/ruction4 ,domes4--,9 elaborat+ 8 !ory ( ,byzant9e dome con/ruction ,*oisy ref]s to a passage 9 ,eton's ,turki% ,empire#cdc :i* describes domes ! latt] saw built )\t any k9d ( c5tr+4 ,! build]s put a po/ 9 ! middle ab\t ! height ( ! walls4 ,to ?is is fix$ a pole rea*+ to ! inside surface ( ! dome1 :i* is free to move 9 all directions4 ,bel[ is atta*$ to ! po/ ano!r pole1 :i* rea*es to ! outside & describes ! outside curvature ( ! cupola4 ,^! give ! ?ickness at ! top & bottom & at e int]m$iate po9t4 8,:]e !y build ^! cupolas ( bricks !y use gypsum in/ead ( lime1 f9i%+ "o lay] all r\nd be=e !y beg9 ano!r4 ,scaffold+ is only requir$ = ! workm5 to close ! op5+ at ! top40 ,our diagram ,a1 ,fig4 #db1 repres5ts ?is fasc9at+ s*eme ( build+3 ) su* a rod any po9t 9 ! :ole curvature is def9$ 9 a mom5t2 x equally gauges ! horizontal c\rses & ! rise ( ! dome4 ,*oisy sugge/s a second s*eme :i* w be made cle> by ,b4 ,!re is no reason1 he po9ts out1 :y ! b$s ( ! bricks 9 a dome %\ld radiate to ! c5tre ( ! curve3 9 ! ,byzant9e domes ! b$s 7 flatt5$ s t !y radiat$ m or less accurately to ! spr++ ( ! opposite side ( ! dome4 ,! ?ru/s 7 ?us m9imis$1 & ! con/ruction 0 facilitat$4 ,if rods =m+ a triangle revolve ab\t a v]tical po/ z %[n1 ! horizontal curvature is gaug$ & ! top rod w def9e ! slope = ! b$4 ,^! rods c !n be rais$ to ano!r position z %[n 9 ! figure4 ,we %\ld h suppos$ t little c>e w\ld be tak5 ) ! slope ( ! b$s1 z f ! ?9 bricks us$ ! con/ruction practically became homog5e\s4 ,*oisy ev5 ?9ks t ! great dome ( ,s4 ,sophia may h be5 built 9 ! air )\t c5tr+4 ,c1 9 ,fig4 #db1 gives 8 repres5tation ( ! con/ruction ( ! semidomes1 :i* he ?9ks 7 built out "s way entirely )\t support4 ,! out] ar* 0 !n built on a c5tre & ! fill+ complet$ 89 space0 7a /raight jo9t betwe5 ! ar* & ! dome fill+ is %[n 9 ! figure 9 ,salz5b]g's text74 ,we ?9k x m likely t 9 all ! l>g] domes auxili>y support 0 requir$ 8to close ! op5+ at ! top10 :5 ! space _h be5 s contract$ t a light c5tr+ re/+ on ! "p already complet$ 0 all t w\ld be ne$$4 ,f ! importance atta*$ to wood ties or girdles built into ! small domes ( ,m\nt ,a?os1 we may be c]ta9 t "s sy/em ( *a9+ 0 appli$ to ! great dome ( ,s4 ,sophia4 ,*oisy gives an example ( ! =m]1 & also a dome con/ruct$ by int]lock+ semicircul> bricks1 8two c\rses ( :i* make a circlet absolutely inext5sible40 ,see ,b 9 ,fig4 #de4 ,! dome ( ,s4 ,vitale at ,rav5na is built ( lay]s ( e>!nw>e pots or tap]+ tubes1 ! end ( "o fitt+ into ! next & ris+ 9 a cont9u\s spiral c\rse1 r\nd & r\nd f ! bottom to ! cr[n ( ! dome4 ,! "q ( dome con/ruction )\t c5tr+ is ( ! greate/ int]e/1 & mu* might d\btless be ga!r$ ( ! traditional me?ods /ill foll[$ 9 mod]n ,greece1 ,egypt1 ,p]sia1 & ,s4 ,italy4 ,our ,fig4 #dc repres5ts mod]n domes 9 ,p]sia1 ! upp] diagram be+ an ord9>y type ( ext]ior f a photograph ( ,k\m4 ,! dome b5ea?1 ,fig4 #dd1 is f a sket* made 9 a ,p]sian c>avans]ai by ,mr4 ,wm4 ,simpson1#cdd :o describes x z built ( burnt brick1 squ>e bel[1 r\nd above4 8,z ,i 0 told t c5tr+ 0 nev] us$ 9 ,p]sia ,i presume ?is "o 0 con/ruct$ )\t x40 ,?is beautiful =m may be consid]$ z f\r conical squ9*es p5etrat+ a hemisph]e z at ,a1 or z a gradual transition f squ>e to r\nd1 ,b4 ,anci5t ,p]sian domes ( sub/antially ! same =m1 9 :i* a hemisph]e p5etrates a pyramid1 are %[n by ,dieulafoy4#cde ,illu/ration3 ,,figs4 #dc & #dd4--,mod]n ,domes built )\t ,c5tr+4 ,*a9age & ,wall+4--,9 ! ,ea/ ! frequ5cy ( sev]e e>?quakes necessitat$ a mann] ( con/ruction :i* %\ld resi/ disruption4 ,! massive walls ( /one ( ! ,classic p]iod are cramp$ toge!r ) metal4 ,! /one ,byzant9e *ur* at ,ezra has a c\rse ( int]lock+ /ones =m+ a *a9 ar\nd ! octagon b5ea? ! dome 7,fig4 #de a74 ,at ,s4 ,sophia ! cont9u\s c\rses ( /one "s feet above ! floor1 m5tion$ by ,salz5b]g1 are almo/ c]ta9ly conv]t$ into a *a9 by cramps2 & ! /one c\rse at ! spr++ ( ! great ar*es probably has ! same function4 ,9 brickwork lat]al cohesion 0 usually obta9$ by a sy/em ( cont9u\s wood ties1 :i* is describ$ by ,*oisy z built into ! wall at e five or six feet ( height4 ,accord+ to ! ,greek ar*itect1 ,m4 ,k\ppas1 ties ( bond timb]s 7 us$ 9 ?is way 9 ! con/ruction ( ! ci/]ns1 8laid n only along ! outside walls b also 9 p>allel r[s b5ea? ! l9es ( pill>s & ar*es20 o!r r[s ( timb] 7 built 9 ei!r z ties or /ruts 9 cont9u\s l9es at ! spr++ ( ! vaults4 ,at ,s4 ,sophia !re 0 d\btless a l>ge use made ( tempor>y ties ( ?is k9d dur+ ! con/ruction4 ,9 _m places at ! spr++ ( ! gynaeceum vaults ! ends ( su* provisional ties1 :i* h be5 sawn away1 appe>4 ,besides ^! !re is a s]ies ( wood beams :i* f ! fir/ 7 int5d$ to be p]man5t1 = !y are ri*ly c>v$ 7,c 9 ,fig4 #de72 ^! are %[n by d\ble l9es on ! "r-h& side ( ,figs4 #e & #f1 ! s+le l9es %[+ ! iron ties4 ,^! c>v$ beams1 z ,*oisy po9ts out1 are /ruts r ?an ties4 ,if we take "o ( ! columns /&+ 9 an angle 9 ! aisles1 an impo/ ( m>ble connects x ) ! wall to :i* x is ne>e/1 & a c>v$ wood beam =ms a /rut to ! o!r wall4 ,! beam across ! c5tral bay ( second>y ord] 7,fig4 #e7 =ms a rigid /rut to ! two wid] ar*es 7see ,fig4 #ch1 :]e1 h[ev]1 by ov]sight ! beam has be5 omitt$2 x is at ! spr++ ( n>r[ ar* high above iron tie74 ,*oisy ass]ts t 8! ar*itect int5d$ to pres]ve only ! /ruts1 all ! ties subject to ext5sion 7 remov$1 b _! suppression 0 disa/r\s1 & !y _h ha/ily to replace !m by b>s ( iron :i* 7 fix$ ) difficulty40 ,we d n "k :at reason ,*oisy _h = suppos+ ! sy/em ( iron ties to be an aft]?\ght1 unless x is because 9 "s cases !y appe> directly above ! ends ( ! remov$ wood5 ties4 ,n[ we believe !y occur equally above ! c>v$ beams 9 ! op5+s f ! gall]y to ! nave1 & !re is no sign ( wood ties hav+ be5 remov$ f ! gr\nd-floor vaults1 :]e ! iron b>s fulfil su* an important function4 ,x is c]ta9 t ! iron b>s to all ! nave ar*es are orig9al1 = ! m>ble cas+ %[s no sign ( alt]ation1 & !y are evid5tly ?read$ cont9u\sly ?r\gh ! impo/s4 ,! important iron ties across ! aisles are %[n 9 ,fig4 #de3 d is ! atta*m5t to ! column ( great ord]1 e to impo/ ( second>y ord] beh9d x1 f is a k+ rod4 ,across ! we/ gall]y ! span is less5$ by /one corbels b5ea? ! ties g4 ,) a view ( b9d+ ! vaults & walls toge!r into a homog5e\s mass1 ! ar*$ vault+ ( ! int]ior 0 c>ri$ ?r\gh ! ?ickness ( ! walls3 9 "s cases ^! ar*es 7 left op51 to be aft]w>ds fill$ ) a scre5 ( w9d[s4 ,! wall+ ( ! sides ( ! *ur* is built indep5d5tly ( ! great pi]s1 z /raight jo9ts on ! ext]ior %[1 & ,*oisy rem>ks t ! indep5d5ce ( masonry unequally *>g$ 0 a lead+ idea 9 ,byzant9e con/ruction2 inde$ x is obvi\sly necess>y :]e ! quantity ( mort> is s great t ! brick at times becomes second>y to ! jo9ts4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #de4--,me?ods ( ,*a9age4 ,mort> & ,cem5t4--,! mort> us$ by ! ,byzant9e build]s 0 call$ ,k]amotos1 f ! cru%$ pott]y or tiles :i* 0 us$ 9 its composition4 ,9 an article 9 ! ,transactions ( ! ,philological ,society ( ,con/ant9ople ,m4 ,k\ppas#cdf ent]s fully into ! me?ods :i* h be5 traditionally foll[$ 9 ci/]n build+1 & describes ?is mort> z =m$ ( p[d]$ unslak$ lime 7asbe/os71 cru%$ pott]y1 co>se s&1 & t[ or hair1 fully a ?ird be+ lime1 ano!r ?ird ! cru%$ pott]y1 ab\t a fif? ! co>se s&1 & ! re/ or #aj p] c5t4 ( hair or t[4 ,^! 7 !n mix$ toge!r 9 wat]4 ,m4 ,k\ppas also describes a hydraulic cem5t made ( 8co>se lime 7titanos7 slak$ by wat] into p[d]1 sift$ & laid 9 lay]s ) cotton %r$s4 ,?is 0 ?or\ghly mix$1 & !n olive oil 0 p\r$ 91 & ! :ole gradually br\ght to a homog5e\s mass40 ,&reossy#cdg describes a mixture 7call$ lukium7 made ( a hundr$ 8ocques0 ( lime1 fre%ly slak$ 9 ! =m ( p[d]1 tw5ty-five 8ocques0 ( l9se$ oil ( ! be/ quality1 & tw5ty dra*ms ( filam5ts ( cotton4 ,?is 0 r$uc$ to a d\gh1 & !n be=e us+ fre% oil 0 add$4 ,/rzyg[ski#cdh also speaks ( a ,turki% cem5t 8( six p>ts by weight l9se$ oil1 eight p>ts slak$ & p[d]$ lime1 & "o "p ( cotton40 ,he ref]s to a ,roman mixture m5tion$ by ,pl9y ( 8oil & quicklime40 ,by f> ! be/ & e>lie/ acc\nt ( ! me?ods us$ = obta9+ lime & mak+ cem5t at ,con/ant9ople is conta9$ 9 ,dr4 ,covel's ,,ms4 9 ! ,briti% ,museum 7#afgj-g74 ,! lime 0 burnt 9 a pit dug 9 ! gr\nd1 ! /one1 :i* 0 h>d & black & l 8,plym\? /one10 be+ pil$ up 9 & above x l a beehive hut1 an op5+ be+ contriv$ 9 ! side = ins]t+ fuel1 & a small] pit dug 9 ! middle = ! a%es2 x 0 fir$ = ?ree days4 ,!n he describes 9 detail h[ a cem5t 0 made :i* recalls :at ! ,anonym\s says ( ! jo9ts ( ! pi]s at ,s4 ,sophia be+ made ( unslak$ lime 7asbe/os7 & oil3 8,to make good lukium 7a /rong cem5t z ,i may call x7 !y take ! above said calx or burnt /one & slake x ) wat]1 & s soon z x is m\ld$ & turn$ into a meal 7ev5 :ile x is w>m7 !y "w x ) l9se$ oil & cotton till x is well saturat$ & br\ght to ! consi/5cy ( pla/]1 & make pres5t use ( x1 = x w n re/ 9 its p]fection above "o day or two at mo/1 & if !y use x imm$iately aft] x is temp]$ x is c]ta9ly ! be/4 ,9 ! works ( _! ,bagnos s soon z x is laid on z a pla/]+1 und]/ood "h !y let ! wat] come to x1 :i*1 by temp]+ ! heat ( ! lime1 h9d]s x f crack+4 ,cotton is bett] to be mix$ among/ x ?an hair1 x be+ m t5aci\s & apt to incorporate40 ,he aga9 describes a simil> cem5t 78lukium1 an excell5t mort>07 us$ 9 "s wat]works4 8,x is made ( unslak$ lime & beat5 brick mo/ f9ely p[d]$ & sift$1 cotton wool v ?9ly pull$ & /rew$ on1 & !n all slak$ ) l9se$ oil & mix$ toge!r3 !n !y use x :il/ x is fre% made1 o!rwise x h>d5s imm$iately40#cdi ,su* a cem5t mu/ h _h ! h>d5+ qualities ( gesso2 ! oil cem5ts or ma/ics us$ 9 ,engl& "s fifty ye>s ago 7 closely alli$ 9 _! composition4 ,mod]n mort> has lo/ mu* by our neglect+ ! tradition ( us+ cru%$ brick4 ,ea/]n build]s sp>$ nei!r lab\r nor "t 9 prep>+ & te/+ _! mat]ials4 ,tav]ni] tells u ! wat]pro( t]races ( ! ,p]sian h\ses 7 =m$ ( 8a lay] ( lime beat5 = eight days1 :i* became h>d l m>ble40 ,! mat]ials us$ 9 ,byzant9e build+ 7 te/$ by long exposure1 slak$ lime 0 seal$ up 9 pits = "o or two ye>s2 & /ones1 bricks1 & tiles !y _h f\nd %\ld n be us$ new1 =1 z ,vitruvius says1 8! only way ( asc]ta9+ _! goodness is to try !m ?r\gh a summ] & w9t]40 ,,*apt] ,,xi ,,m>ble ,,masonry #a4 ,,build+ ,,proc$ure4 ,! me?od & sequ5ce ( ! build+ op]ations z foll[$ by ! ,byzant9es seem to h be5 v mu* z foll[s4 ,aft] ! =m ( ! build+ _h be5 m or less decid$1 ! fir/ ?+ necess>y 0 to collect m>ble monoli?ic %afts4 ,at ,s4 ,sophia ! eight v]de-antique %afts mat* "o ano!r v closely2 !y are all ( "o l5g?1 & v>y f #g to #h diamet]s 9 proportion4 ,! f\r pairs ( porphyry %afts 9 ! ex$ras diff] mu* m2 &1 z we h rem>k$1 ^? 9 ! we/]n ex$ras seem to be made up ( sep>ate drums4 ,! proportions ( ^! v>y f less ?an #g diamet]s on "o side to #h on ! o!r4 ,! great monoli?s are ! l>ge/ kn[n1 & ( ne>ly normal classic proportion1 s we c readily see t x 0 necess>y to h a c]ta9 k :]e su* m>bles might be qu>ri$ or o!rwise obta9$1 be=e ev5 ! f\ndations 7 prep>$1 = ! columns decid$ ! heights & po9ts ( support ( ! build+4 ,^! once assur$1 ! body ( ! /ructure 0 proce$$ ) z a brickwork %ell )\t fur!r dep5d5ce on ! masons1 :o 7 only requir$ to prep>e bases & capitals1 & !n ! cornices2 ev]y?+ else 0 complet$ z a brick 8c>case40 ,at ,s4 ,sophia ! ma9 squ>e pi]s are 9 fact /one1 b ?is 0 only = /r5g?1 n because !y 7 to be se5 f9ally1 any m ?an ! r\gh brick4 ,! build+ complet$ 9 ?is =m we mu/ rememb] 0 made up ( va/ masses ( ?9 bricks1 ( :i* ! mort> occupi$ probably a half ( ! aggregate2 ?is _h to ?or\ghly settle d[n & dry be=e ! re/ ( ! m>ble masonry 0 ins]t$1 & ! wall cas+s appli$4 ,! m>ble "w1 h[ev]1 0 all ! :ile be+ prep>$1 &1 ! build+ once ready1 ! w9d[s 7 ins]t$ z scre5s 9 ! op5+s previ\sly left2 m>ble jambs & l9tels = ! doors 7 plac$ 9 position also1 ) w9d[s above !m fill+ out to ! brick ar*es4 ,! walls 7 !n %eet$ ) _! m>ble cov]+1 ! vaults 7 ov]laid ) mosaic1 & ! pavem5t 0 laid d[n4 ,9 ?is way1 z ! bricklay]s _h n to wait = ! masons1 ! c>case 0 complet$ 9 ! %orte/ possible "t2 & by res]v+ ! application ( ! m>ble until ! /ructure 0 dry & solid1 x 0 possible to br+ toge!r unyield+ m>ble & brickwork t mu/ h settl$ d[n v consid]ably4 #b4 ,,m>ble ,,qu>ries4 ,mu* confusion exi/s z to ! m>bles ( :i* ! anci5t writ]s speak2 ?is has be5 occasion$ necess>ily by wrong id5tifications :5 b few anci5t qu>ries _h be5 recov]$1 & mo/ unnecess>ily by a p]si/5ce 9 us+ antique names = mod]n v>ieties1 long aft] ! true prov5ance has be5 discov]$1 :5 ! anci5t m>bles are n 89 ! m>ket40 ,x is ! ,italian names t h be5 corrupt$ 9 ?is way1 & x w\ld be a great advantage if !y 7 disc>d$ 9 ,engl&1 or bett] /ill1 us$ only 9 conjunction ) ! geographical names4 ,9 ?is case z ! ,italian names are descriptive1 &1 z _m v>ieties ( m>ble are f\nd 9 ! same or neighb\r+ qu>ries1 we %\ld get a safe nom5clature4 ,synnadan w\ld ?us be qualifi$ z ,pavonazzetto or ,fior de ,p]sico1 & ! b&$ v>ieties f ,c>y/ian1 ,proconnesian1 or mod]n qu>ries might )\t confusion be call$ cipoll9o4 ,9 endeav\r+ to id5tify ! m>bles m5tion$ by ! anci5t writ] on ,s4 ,sophia1 we h made use ( ,salz5b]g's notes to ! ,poem ( ! ,sil5ti>y1 & ( ! rese>*es ( ,g>(alo1#cej ,corsi1#cea & ,c4 ,o4 ,mll]2#ceb & we h also be5 help$ by ! practical k ( ,mr4 ,w4 ,br9dley4 ,! acc\nt ( anci5t m>bles easily accessible 9 ,pr(essor ,middleton's ,anci5t ,rome1 #ahib1 is sub/antially an extract f ,corsi4 ,porphyry4--,! 8porphyry p[d]$ ) bright />s0 ( ! poet is us$ = ! columns ( ! ex$ras1 & = "s ( ! panels on ! walls4 ,! ,anonym\s au?or /ates t ^! columns came f a temple ( ! ,sun1 b ! ,sil5ti>y says 8!y load$ ! boats on ! bosom ( ! ,nile10 & !re seems no reason to d\bt t ! columns came direct f ! porphyry qu>ries at ,mons ,porphyrites 9 ,egypt4 ,?is porphyry m\nta9 is at ,djebel ,do*an1 tw5ty-five miles nor?-ea/ f ,!bes4 ,lepsius#cec seems to prove t ! qu>ries 7 work$ z long z ! ,nile canal rema9$ op52 & %ips /ill sail$ on ! canal till ! appe>ance ( ,islam4 ,letronne#ced gives details ( ! me?od ( transit4 ,! porphyry 0 br\ght f ! qu>ry to ! ,r$ ,sea1 & !n by ! ,nile canal to ! ,l[] ,nile1 & h5ce into ! ,m$it]ranean4 ,on ?is evid5ce we w\ld say t ! porphyry us$ at ,con/ant9ople 9 ,ju/9ian's reign 0 qu>ri$ = ! purpose1 & n br\ght f ,roman build+s4 ,m>mor ,molossium4--8,! m>ble t ! l& ( ,atrax yields10 is call$ else:]e 9 ! poem 8,!ssalian10 &1 f ! prov9ce 9 ,!ssaly :]e x 0 f\nd1 8,molossian40 ,corsi & ,g>(alo bo? wrongly describe ,molossian z ,fior di ,p]sico4 ,! m>ble really is ! brecciat$ s]p5t9e & lime/one1 n[ call$ ,v]de ,antico1 ! ,lapis ,atracius ( ! anci5ts1 ( :i* ! eight great columns 9 ! nave & _m o!rs are =m$4 ,"h aga9 x has be5 said t ^! eight l>ge columns 7 tak5 f a build+ at ,ephesus1 b ! ,sil5ti>y says1 8,nev] 7 su* columns hewn f sea-wa%$ ,molossis10 & we c h>dly d\bt t !y 7 qu>ri$ especially = ,s4 ,sophia1 toge!r ) ! re/ ( ! enorm\s quantity us$ 9 ! *ur*4 ,! qu>ries 7 ne> ,atrax 9 ,!ssaly1 & ! m>ble is be/ nam$ z by ,fr5* writ]s1 ,!ssalian gre54 ,lapis ,lac$aemonius4--8,! fre% gre51 l em]ald1 f ,sp>ta10 0 probably ! porphyry qu>ri$ 9 ,m\nt ,taygetus 9 ,laconia4 ,?is gre5 porphyry1 call$ by ,corsi s]p5t9o1 is us$ 9 ! opus sectile ( ,s4 ,sophia4 ,z a gre5 porphyry is obta9able 9 ,egypt1 ! =m] %\ld be di/+ui%$ z ,sp>tan4 ,proconnesium4--8,! hills ( ,proconnesus10 accord+ to ,paulus1 8/rew$ ! floor40 ,! same m>ble 0 also us$ = ! columns 9 ! upp] aisles1 = ! eight squ>e columns bel[1 & = ! capitals1 door frames1 w9d[ lattices & o!r /ructural p>ts2 also = ! plat+ ( ! l[] arcade & o!r p>ts ( ! wall-surfaces1 & z frames to ! col\r$ m>bles4 ,x is a s(t :ite1 or :ite ) gray-b&$ /reaks4 ,! qu>ries ( ,m>mora are /ill work$4 ,?is m>ble 0 greatly priz$ 9 ,classic times1 & ,pl9y m5tions t x 0 us$ at ! palace ( ,mausolus1 :]e1 x is said1 ! me?od ( plat+ brick walls ) m>ble 0 fir/ appli$4 ,x closely resembles gray ,c>y/ian b !y %\ld n be conf\nd$4 8,! ,bosporus /one ) :ite /reaks on black10 us$ = ! floor1 0 probably ! ord9>y lime/one--black ) :ite ve9s--us$ at ,con/ant9ople4 ,m>mor ,c>y/ium4--8,! fre% gre5 f ,c>y/us10 is ! m>ble n[ kn[n z cipoll9o2 x 0 qu>ri$ at ,c>y/us1 at ! foot ( ,m\nt ,o*a1 9 ! isl& ( ,euboea4 ,its beautiful gre5i% :ite surface1 m>k$ ) broad wavy l9es ( gre5 or purpli% gray1 0 (t5 prais$ by ! lat] classical writ]s4 ,its resemblance to ! m>k+s ( a slic$ onion is ! orig9 ( its "n4 ,mod]n cipoll9o ne$ n be confus$ ) true ,c>y/ian m>ble1 :i* ! anci5t mat]ial %\ld always be nam$4 ,m>mor ,phrygium4--8,! m>ble hewn f ! ,phrygian l& t[>ds ! ,mygdonian heights10 spok5 ( z 8_m-col\r$10 has be5 id5tifi$ z ! m>ble :i* came f ,dokimion ne> ,synnada 9 ,phrygia4 ,! descriptions by ,/atius & ,claudianus ( ! deep r$-ve9$ m>ble ( ,synnada agree closely ) ! ,phrygian & ,mygdonian /one z describ$ by ,paulus4 ,x is a brecciat$ m>ble ( a rosy col\r1 slabs ( :i* alt]nate ) v]de antique 9 ! panell+ ( ! side aisles ( ,s4 ,sophia4 ,! qu>ries at ,dokimion 7 visit$ by ,leake & ,texi]1 & a rec5t exam9ation ( !m by ,m4 ,leonti#cee disclos$ all %ades ( 8violet & :ite1 yell[1 & ! m famili> brecciat$ :ite & rose-r$40 ,?is beautiful mat]ial is be/ call$ ,synnadan1 z ! mod]n ,italian "n ,pavonazzetto is also us$ = ! /reak$ m>ble qu>ri$ at ,c>r>a4 ,m>mor ,hi]apolitanum4--8,! /one f ! sacr$ city ,hi]apolis40 ,?is m>ble has be5 id5tifi$ by ,pr(essor ,ramsay4#cef ,x 0 f\nd at ,?i\nta ab\t t5 miles ,n4,w4 ( ,hi]apolis 9 ,asia ,m9or4 ,x is v>iegat$ l ,synnadan1 & 0 mu* us$ = s>cophagi2 inde$ ,pr(essor ,ramsay says1 8,on e occasion :5 its use is m5tion$1 x 0 employ$ to make s>cophagi40 ,x 0 call$ by ! "n ( ! great city :i* is n f> di/ant1 8& to :i* d\btless ord]s f ! out] _w 7 s5t4 ,simil>ly ! m>ble f\nd at ,dokimion 0 always call$ ,synnadic m>ble f ! "t ( ,/rabo1 yet ,dokimion 0 ?irty-two miles f ,synnada40 ,m>mor ,iass5se4--,! 8,iassian1 ) slant+ ve9s ( blood-r$ on livid :ite10 0 us$ = ! phiale4 ,corsi id5tifies ?is ) ,porta ,santa1 b ,porta ,santa1 ,g>(alo says1 came f ,*ios1 & ?is conclusion we believe is n[ accept$4 ,g>(alo ?\ght ,iassian to be ! same z ! ,c>ian m>ble m5tion$ by ,porphyrog5itus 9 8 ,life ( ,basil ! ,mac$onian1 & says x 0 qu>ri$ on ! isl& q close to ! coa/ ( ,c>ia4 ,a 8/one m+l$ ) /reaks ( r$0 is also m5tion$ by ,paulus z br\ght f 8! ,lydian ,creek40 ,possibly ! port ( ,iassus is aga9 int5d$4 ,! ord9>y ,lapis ,lydius 0 a black t\*/one4 ,! 8rosy cipoll9o10 9 :i* wide b&s ( deep r$ alt]nate ) :ite1 us$ 9 ! panell+ ( ! aisles does n seem to be m5tion$ specifically by ,paulus2 unless ?is is ! ,iassian m>ble to :i* 8 words w\ld v well apply4 ,a v>iety ( rosy cipoll9o1 ! spl5didly figur$ r$ & :ite m>ble1 is obta9$ 9 ,laconia4 ,m>mor ,numidicum4--8,! /one1 nurtur$ 9 ! hills ( ! ,moors1 crocus col\r glitt]+ l gold10 is ! beautiful w>m yell[ ,african m>ble f ,semittu ,colonia1 ab\t fifty miles f ,tunis1 s highly priz$ by ! ,romans1 & n[ call$ giallo antico4 ,x is us$ 9 ,s4 ,sophia 9 ! sectile "w4 ,m>mor ,celticum4--8,! product ( ! ,celtic crags1 l milk p\r$ on a fle% ( glitt]+ black10 has be5 id5tifi$ z ! ,bianco e ,n]o ,antico1 qu>ri$ 9 ! ,pyr5ees4#ceg ,! black m>ble ) :ite /reaks1 :i* occurs 9 "s ( ! panels 9 ! nave1 is probably ! "o to :i* ! poet ref]s4 ,ony*ites4--8,! preci\s onyx0 m5tion$ by ! poet is ! alaba/rites or ony*ites ( ! anci5ts4 ,x is ! ori5tal alaba/] 7aragonite7 us$ 9 ! horizontal b&s ( ! nave1 & "s ( ! panels4 ,x is a transluc5t1 fibr\s /alagmite =mation1 g5]ally ( a cle> honey-col\r4 ,"s ( ! v>ieties are /rongly ve9$ ) :ite1 & o!rs are mu* d>k]4 ,l>ge anci5t qu>ries ( ?is ,egyptian alaba/] h be5 discov]$ on ! ea/ bank ( ! ,nile4 ,paulus appe>s to make no m5tion ( ! dusky black ) dull gold5 ve9s us$ 9 ! bema apse1 :i* closely resembles ! 8,porto ,v5]e0 qu>ri$ at ,spezzia4 ,! m>ble blocks 7 r\ghly hewn into %ape ) picks :ile /ill atta*$ to ! rock1 & 7 !n sep>at$ by ! aid ( metal w$ges4 ,_m objects discov]$ %[ t !y 7 sometimes complet$ at ! qu>ry1 at o!r times ! blocks 7 r\ghly br\ght to ! sizes & =ms requir$4 ,! qu>ries appe> to h be5 (ficially inspect$4 ,texi] f\nd _m ar*itectural fragm5ts & blocks at ,dokimion be>+ ! signs ( ! inspectors ( ! block4 ,pr(essor ,ramsay writes3 8,! r\te f ,dokimion to ! coa/ is comm]cially almo/ ! mo/ important 9 ,asia ,m9or4 ,! road along :i* ! enorm\s monoli?ic columns 7 transport$ pass$ ?r\gh ,synnada1 :]e ! c5tral (fice = manag+ ! qu>ries 0 situat$40 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #df4--,m>ble ,slabs & ,frieze 9 ,n>!x4 ,ephesus & ,alex&ria 7 mo/ important c5tres = ! work+ & export ( m>ble1 ( :i* su* an enorm\s quantity 0 requir$ by ! ,byzant9e build]s4 ,! me?od ( slic+ up ! blocks into v5e] is describ$ by an ,ea/]n pilgrim1 ,nasiri ,khusrau1 9 #ajdg4 ,he says3 8,9 ! city ( ,ramlah !re is m>ble 9 pl5ty 444 !y cut ! m>ble "h ) a too?less saw :i* is work$ ) ,mekkah s&40 ,?is s& he tells u came f ,haifa ne> ,acre 7,pal4 ,pilgrims' ,text ,soc4 ,comp>e ,pl9y1 ,hi/4 ,nat4 xxxvi47 #c4 ,,application ,,( ,,m>ble4 ,at ,s4 ,sophia ! application ( ! ?9 %ea?+ & incru/ations 7! 8cru/ae0 ( ,pl9y7 ( ! 8delectable v>iety0 ( m>bles is made 9 _m ways4 ,fir/ !re are ! l>ge %eets ( ! grayi% ,proconnesian1 op5$ out side by side 8s t ! ve9+ ( "o foll[s f ! next40 ,!n ! ri*] v>ieties are set 9 b&s & panels ) n>r[ not*$ fillets betwe5 !m1 & /ill m preci\s slabs are fram$ r\nd ) c>v$ m>g9s ( :ite4 ,ov] ! doors ent]+ ! aisles at ! we/ !re are panels ) especially wide & ri* bord]s ( me&]s gr[+ f *alices4 ,! l>ge panels are v (t5 ( two pieces ) mat*$ ve9+4 ,fig4 #df %[s "o ( a r[ ( /rongly ve9$ panels f ! n>!x ) ! frieze above4 ,all ! wall plat+ is arrang$ ) delightful v>iety z to size1 & 9 ! alt]nate plac+ ( light aga9/ d>k1 s t !re is no rigidity or ov]-accurate 8sett+ out40 ,besides ?is con/ant *ange ( size1 col\r1 & arrangem5t1 !re is a great v>iety 9 ! surface treatm5t4 ,we h ! %all[ *annell+ into cont9u\s m\ld+s ( ! skirt+s1 "s portion ( :i* has a /iff fret sunk 9 ! surface 9 addition4 ,!n !re are panels on ei!r side ( ! great door1 & on ! faces ( ! projections f ! great pi]s 9 ! aisles1 com+ j above ! eye1 7,fig4 #dh7 ( pla9 russet-r$ or br[n :i* be> sev]e ab/ract patt]ns1 made out by slight s9k+ into ! surface4 ,! c5tre 9 "s cases is ov]laid ) an oval or squ>e ( ano!r preci\s mat]ial su* z r$ or gre5 porphyry or ! 8onyx02 ! :ole ( ! sunk portions may h be5 fill$ by inlays1 or 9 "s ! s9k+ alone may h =m$ ! design4 ,! upp] "p ( ! bema is incru/$ ) slabs patt]n$ 9 ?is way1 & "h ! sunk portions are entirely inlaid2 sev]al p>ts ( ?is are repres5t$ by ,salz5b]g4 ,9 ?is "w 8casem5ts0 are sunk into ! rosso or o!r deep col\r$ field1 & gre5 porphyry & o!r mat]ials1 set (f by yell[i%-:ite l9es & spaces are inlaid 9 geometrical panels1 or friezes ( /iff foliage4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dg4--,portion ( ,m>ble ,l9+ ( ,aisles4 ,scale ab\t #a_/ej4 ,our ,fig4 #dg %[s ! arrangem5t ( ! m>ble plat+ on ! great pi]s t[>ds ! middle comp>tm5t ( ! aisles2 9 ?is we h %[n "o ( ! enri*$ panels n[ only sunk1 z inlaid4 ,fig4 #dh gives outl9es ( o!rs ( ^! panels4 ,! m>ble us$ 9 ! aisles is z foll[s4 ,fir/ comes ! m\ld$ skirt+ ( :ite ,proconnesian1 !n a #cc b& ( ! /reak$ v>iety ( ! same m>ble4 ,a b& ( v]de antique #bj wide foll[s1 above :i* is a r[ ( slabs alt]nately v]de antique & ,synnadan4 ,a second simil> r[ ( slabs comes above a b& ( rosy cipoll9o4 ,! frieze bel[ ! cornice is ( m>ble sectile "w4 ,! passages ?r\gh ! pi]s are l9$ ) slabs ( /reak$ ,proconnesian m>ble1 ne>ly f\rte5 feet high4 ,! gynaeceum has two b&s at ! bottom & an upp] b& ( rosy cipoll9o2 ! wall space betwe5 is cov]$ ) a r[ ( v]tical slabs ( /reak$ ,proconnesian1 except ! c5tral space on nor? side :]e ! slabs are ( rosy cipoll9o4 ,9 ! sp&rils ( gynaeceum arcade at ! we/ are r\ndels ( ori5tal alaba/]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dh4--,m>ble ,panels ) ,sunk & ,inlaid ,panels4 ,scale ab\t #a_/cj4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #di4--;,inlaid ,m>ble ,slabs above ,royal ,door4 ,scale ab\t #a_/ej4 ,directly ov] ! ,royal ,door is a v beautiful arrangem5t ( decorat$ slabs4 ,fir/ !re is an imm5se upright piece ( v]de antique 9 ! middle1 t5 or twelve feet high1 ) two lat]al horizontal pieces mak+ a great cross1 9 ! qu>t]s ( :i* are panels ) sunk & inlaid designs4 ,at ! head ( ! cross is a fif? panel :i* displays a /ill ri*] =m ( decoration4 ,x repres5ts a vault$ recess or ciborium betwe5 ! columns ( :i* hang curta9s1 loop$ back1 & display+ a d>k field4 ,"h is ! matrix ( a cross :i* 0 probably ( silv]2 "r & left ( ! cross are o!r matrices1 9 :i* 7 set cr[ns or o!r objects1 n to be det]m9$ f bel[4 ,! two upp] lat]al panels h sunk geometrical designs4 ,! l[] pair are inlaid2 _! c5tres are *>g$ ) circles1 above & bel[ :i* are pairs ( dolph9s4 ,^! inlaid designs are made out 9 porphyry & gre51 :i* are sep>at$ by :ite l9es & spaces :i* %9e out bright1 & are probably ( "m ( pe>l l simil> inlaid panels ( ?is date ar\nd ! apse at ,p>5zo4 ,^! panels at ,p>5zo are s mu* l ^? ( ,s4 ,sophia t we d n d\bt !y 7 s5t f ,con/ant9ople4 ,!re are v simil> panels 9 ! bapti/]y at ,rav5na4 ,f9ally we h ! enri*$ surfaces ( ! two ranges ( arcade sp&rils4 ,! upp] r[ be+ sectile "w ( col\r$ morsels put toge!r to =m a patt]n ( scrolls & foliage1 & ! l[] s]ies hav+ ! surface entirely sculptur$ ) ! exception ( discs ( preci\s sub/ance :i* are set 9 !m4 ,?is utt]mo/ spl5d\r is quiet & s(t 9 its result4 ,! surface ( c\rse has n t me*anically ev51 repell5tly smoo?1 pa9fully fitt$ appe>ance ( mod]n "w4 ,! planes are wav$ "u ! h& saw+1 & ! face is smoo? b h>dly poli%$4 ,! col\r 9 consequ5ce1 gray & russet ris+ to full yell[1 gre5 & r$s1 ve9$1 wav$1 & fl[]$ 9 all mann] ( gradations & lovely comb9ations1 vibrates ) a wond]ful 8bloom0 :i* d\btless owes mu* to age2 b x is v probable t ! m>ble 0 poli%$ ) wax encau/ic :i* 0 s g5]ally us$ = f9i%+ surfaces by anci5t work]s4 ,! wax deep5s & mell[s ! col\r & leaves a dull pleasant poli%4 ,we suppose ! me?od foll[$ 0 t recomm5d$ by ,vitruvius = ! encau/ic poli%+ ( col\r$ /ucco walls4 8,lay on ) a bru% a coat ( melt$ ,punic wax temp]$ ) oil2 !n ) a brazi] ( hot *>coal heat all ! wax$ surface1 =c+ ! wax to melt 9 an ev5 way ov] ! :ole surface2 f9ally rub ! wall ) a wax c&le & !n poli% x ) a clean l95 clo? j 9 ! way ! nude m>ble /atues are treat$4 ,?is practice is call$ by ! ,greeks40 ,felix ,fabri1 :o travell$ 9 ,pale/9e at ! end ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 describes ! r[s ( co/ly columns at ,be?lehem1 8& !y are poli%$ ) oil s t a man c see 8 face 9 !m z 9 a mirror40 ,9 reg>d to ! wall plat+ we wi% especially to po9t out ! extremely easy way 9 :i* x is appli$1 )\t ?\ght ( disguise4 ,! slabs ( great size are plac$ v]tically1 entirely ! rev]se ( solid con/ruction2 moreov] ! slabs ( ! f9] panels are op5$ out side by side s t ! ve9+s appe> 9 symmetrical patt]ns4 ,at ! angles ! lap %[s 9 ! mo/ op5 way2 :ile x is mitr$ :]e re/or$4 ,! be/ acc\nt ( ! actual me?ods ( fix+ ! m>ble slabs to walls by metal clamps :i* not* into ! edges ( ! %eet be=e ! adjo9+ "o is fix$1 is giv5 by ,pr(essor ,middleton1 :o figures an example ( ! second c5tury f ,rome :i* might belong to ,s4 ,sophia4 #d4 ,,m>ble ,,masonry4 ,aft] m ?an a ?\s& ye>s ( work+ m>ble ?r\gh "o complete developm5t1 ,greek build]s1 by consid]+ afre% ! prime necessities ( mat]ial1 & a rational sy/em ( craftsman%ip1 op5$ ! great qu>ry ( ideas 9 con/ructive art :i* is exhau/less4 ,9 a hundr$ ye>s ar*itecture became truly organic1 features t _h become m]e 8ve/iges0 dropp$ away1 & a new /yle 0 complete2 "o1 n p]haps s completely w9n+ z "s =ms ( ,go?ic1 b ! supremely logical build+ art t has be54 ,if any:]e ?is vitalis+ _h n be5 complet$1 x w\ld h be5 9 ! m decorative =ms2 b "h we f9d no m]e ex]cise 9 apply+ ar*itectural ord]s1 ev]y?+ is z real & fre% z 9 ! /ructure4 ,hav+ ! ,cor9?ian & ,ionic capitals be=e _! eyes & )\t =gett+ or reject+ !m1 ! ,byzant9e build]s inv5t$ & develop$ an entirely fre% gr\p ( capitals fitt$ 9 ! mo/ p]fect way = ar*$ brick con/ruction4 ,z ,mr4 ,freeman has said 7,hi/4 ,essays1 iii4 p4 #fa7 ( ! new ar*itecture3 8,! problem 0 to br+ ! ar* & column into union--9 o!r words to tea* ! column to support ! ar*40 ,?is 0 done by %ap+ ! block ( m>ble :i* =m$ ! capital s t a simple transition f ! squ>e block to ! circle ( ! column 0 =m$4 ,:5 !y 7 sculptur$1 & mo/ ( !m are mo/ elaborately sculptur$1 ! g5]al =m is n alt]$ b ! c>v+ enri*es ! surface only4 ,! new 8,impo/ capital0 is f\nd ?r\gh\t ! great ci/]n g5]ally kn[n z t ( ,philox5us :i* is usually ref]r$ to ! "t ( ,con/ant9e4 ,9 _! /udy ( ! vault$ ci/]ns ( ,con/ant9ople ,=*heim] & ,/rzyg[ski h contribut$ mu* t is new to our k ( ! ar*itecture ( ! city & %[ t ! evid5ce is entirely aga9/ ?is !ory1 :i* 0 prop\nd$ by ,gyllius1 :om m rec5t writ]s h be5 cont5t to copy4 ,?is ci/]n1 kn[n to ! ,turks z ,b9 ,bir direk 7?\s& & "o columns71 !y id5tify ) a great ci/]n :i* ! ,pas*al ,*ronicle says 0 built by ,ju/9ian 9 #ebh4 ,we believe ) !m t ! ar*itecture ( ! ci/]n agrees entirely ) :at we might expect z an outcome ( ! special circum/ances 9 ! "t ( ! great build+ era4 8,b9 ,bir direk exhibits ! highe/ developm5t ( ! art ( ci/]n build+1 & x ?us 9 its p>ticul> sph]e resembles ,s4 ,sophia2 l x ! boldness ( its con/ruction 0 nev] aga9 equall$ by ! ,byzant9es4 ,x w\ld be an explanation ( ! bold a*ievem5t if x might be assum$ t ,an!mius prov$ 8 capability 9 ?is subt]ranean "w be=e he made 8 supreme ef=t 9 ,s4 ,sophia4 ,te*nical features1 h[ev]1 make x seem probable t ! build] 0 an ,alex&r9e40 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ej4--;,columns ( ,great ,ord]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ea4--;,capital n[ ,outside ,por* at ,s4 ,sophia4 8,x is ( ! wide/ significance = ! hi/ory ( ,byzant9e art t "h ?r\gh\t ! new #8impo/ capital' is employ$ 9 its pla9e/ con/ructive =m4 ,x seems n improbable t ! d>+ build] ( ! ci/]n 0 ! fir/ to make use ( ?is =m ( capital :i* completely broke ) classical tradition & is 9 su* p]fect accord ) ! exig5cies ( ar*-ar*itecture40 ,?is is to g too f>2 = if ! ci/]n is rightly ref]r$ to #ebh x is probable1 z we %all %[1 t ! impo/ capital _h at t "t be5 = _m ye>s 9 use4 ,at ,s4 ,sophia ! f\r ma9 v>ieties ( ! new capital are all f\nd4 ,9 ! ci/]n ! *ange ( =m is made by r\nd+ away ! angles at ! bottom )\t ref]5ce app>5tly to any geometrical idea2 b 9 o!r capitals :i* belong ess5tially to ?is type ! me?od seems to h be5 t expla9$ 9 ,fig4 #ec :i* repres5ts ! =m ( ! caps ( ! lamp pill>s on ! front ( ! we/]n gynaeceum4 ,!y are mo/ delicately c>v$ ) a network ( ornam5t1 b ! g5]al =m is undi/urb$ z we h expla9$4 ,! pla9 capitals ( ! we/ w9d[ & ! isolat$ sculptur$ capital ,salz5b]g f\nd 9 ! nor? aisle are also ( ?is =m1 :i* we %all call ! ,impo/ ,capital type ,i4 ,! pr(ile c be made convex or inflect$1 we are only speak+ ( ! simple/ me?od ( *ang+ ! =m f a circle to a squ>e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eb4--;,columns 9 ,gall]y4 ,two capitals n[ us$ z m\nt+ blocks outside ! ea/ por*1 :i* we illu/rate 7,fig4 #ea71 furni% u ) a sculptur$ example ( a simil> capital 9 two /ages ( developm5t1 "o ( !m nev] hav+ be5 complet$4 ,we give "h an outl9e ( ! block$ out capital1 9 :i* ! me?od ( workman%ip may be pla9ly se54 ,fir/1 ! block 0 cut away bel[ convexly to meet ! circul> %aft4 ,9 ?is /ate x exactly resembles ! capitals ( ! ci/]n4 ,secondly1 on ?is 0 m>k$ a bord] all r\nd ! top2 also c5tre l9es runn+ d[n ea* ( ! faces1 ab\t ! c5tre po9t ( ea* ( :i* a circle ( ab\t sev5 in*es diamet] 0 drawn2 & at ! bottom ! wid? = ! neck+ 0 m>k$ (f4 ,?irdly1 ! int]m$iate spaces 7 sunk ab\t two in*es2 ! holl[ ( ! abacus 0 =m$2 ! neck+1 & edge ( ! circul> discs 7 r\nd$4 ,?is br+s ! capital to ! /age %[n 9 ! diagram1 ! po9t to be obs]v$ be+ t ! abacus1 boss1 & neck+ lie 9 "o surface1 fir/ obta9$1 & ! re/ 9 ano!r face1 sunk "s two in*es bel[ ! =m]4 ,x _c be d\bt$ t ! /yle ( ^! capitals is contempor>y ) ! "w at ,s4 ,sophia1 & ! f9i%$ "o be>s a monogram :i* appe>s to read 2 x is1 h[ev]1 almo/ id5tical ) t ( ,!odora1 :i* occurs on ! capitals ( ! int]ior4 ,,mm4 ,curtis & ,ari/>*es1#ceh :o h writt5 on ^! monograms1 ?9k x belong$ to a portico1 re/or$ 9 #dji by an ep>* call$ ,!odoros4 ,"w ( ?is /yle 0 n done at t "t1 & ^! capitals possibly belong$ to "s ( ! out] c\rts ( ! *ur* m5tion$ by ,procopius4 ,!y resemble ! great capitals s closely t !y might almo/ be prelim9>y /udies4 ,! /rips :i* are left d[n two sides ( ! capitals 7 cu/om>y 9 ! capitals ( a ,byzant9e colonnade1 especially :]e scre5s 7 ins]t$ betwe54 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ec4--,rudim5t>y ,=m ( ,capital4 ,type ,i4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ed4--,rudim5t>y ,=m ( ,capital4 ,type ,,ii4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ee4--,rudim5t>y ,=m ( ,capital4 ,! two capitals 9 ! loggia by ! bapti/]y furni% a well-def9$ v>iety ( ! impo/ capital4 ,! squ>e at ! top is "h wr\ght into curves recall+ ! antique abacus4 ,^! are ga!r$ toge!r into ! circle ( ! neck+ 9 a beautiful convex =m :i* may be call$ ! ,melon type ,,ii41 see ,fig4 #ed4 ,we give 9 ,fig4 #ej an outl9e ( ! :ole column ( ! great ord] 9 ! int]ior ( ! *ur*1 & 9 ,fig4 #ef a diagram ( ! block+ out ( ! capital4 ,! columns "h & ?r\gh\t ! great *ur* be+ monoli?s ( f9e mat]ial1 ! support+ area is v small comp>$ to ! area ( ! ar* impo/s1 :i* are ( brick %eet$ ) m>ble4 ,x w be se5 t ! projection is j t requir$ by ! impo/1 :i* spr+s directly f ! outside edge4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ef4--,rudim5t>y ,=m ( ,capital4 ,type ,,iii4 ,! great capitals ( ,s4 ,sophia are rem>kable examples ( ! evolution ( beautiful =ms on ! mason's bank]2 ! workman f9d+ =m 9 ! /one block by ! application ( practical me?ods4 ,! l[] half ( ! capital is circul> l ! %aft1 ris+ 9 a slightly swell+ curve ( a b[l2 ! upp] "p is squ>e l ! impo/4 ,! basis ( =m is t ( a b[l ) a tile plac$ above x1 & is ?us t ( ! ,greek ,doric4 ,?is type ,,iii4 9 :i* ! circle does n pass by transition into ! squ>e impo/1 b *anges abruptly1 we may call ! b[l & tile capital4 ,at ,s4 ,sophia ! surface ( ! =m obta9$ z %[n 9 ! figure is wr\ght into crisp acan?us & palm foliage2 & is 9 _m places1 especially at ! tips ( ! leafage & beh9d ! monograms1 entirely und]cut4 ,! cutt+ be+ s %>p1 & ! %ad[s s deep1 :ile at ! same "t ! g5]al =m ) its broad gradation ( light & %ade is s little modifi$ by surface modell+1 ! effect is almo/ t ( inlay+ black on :ite4 ,! capitals ( ! columns /&+ 9 ! aisles1 & ^? ( ! fir/ floor rang$ aga9/ ! c5tral area1 are simil> to ! great ord]1 b simplifi$ & r$uc$4 ,! columns ( ! aisles on ! fir/ floor h block capitals1 ) small volutes bel[2 ,fig4 #eg w make ! elem5t>y =m cle>4 ,?is type ,,iv4 is really a ,byzant9e ,ionic4 ,! dual columns ( we/ gall]y h a capital 9 common1 :i* is a v>iation ( ^!1 & ! capitals ( atrium 7 also simil>4 ,"o capital ( ! nor? gall]y is entirely diff]5t f all ! re/1 ! block1 n be+ c>v$ all ov] cont9u\sly1 is brok5 up into sev]al horizontal l9es ( ornam5t4 ,= ! capitals ( ! squ>e pill>s ( gr\nd floor1 & o!rs to ! w9d[s1 we mu/ ref] to ,salz5b]g2 !y are all ( ! simple block =m delicately sculptur$4 ,salz5b]g also figures two capitals1 n[ on ! porphyry columns at ! ea/ por*4 ,^! are comp>atively small1 & may possibly h belong$ to "s position 9 ! int]ior ( ! *ur*1 su* z ,ju/9ian's fir/ ambo4 ,! =m is t ( a basket ) f\r doves p]*$ on ! rim1 & crosses betwe54 ,doves associat$ ) crosses symboliz$ ! ,*ur*4 ,n[ 9 ,/4 ,clem5te at ,rome !re are two capitals ( ?is k9d :i* belong$ to ! ciborium1 set up z ! inscription %[s :ile ,hormisdas 0 pope 7#ead-ebc71 !y are figur$ by ,cattaneo1 ,fig4 #g1 :o says !y obvi\sly 7 sculptur$ by ,greek *isels4 ,x is ?us extremely possible t ours may h be5 late additions to ! pre-,ju/9ian *ur*1 :]e !y also may h belong$ to ! ciborium4 ,rohault de ,fleury believ$ t ?is =m ( capital 0 int5d$ to repres5t an (f]+s basket4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eg4--,rudim5t>y ,=m ( ,capital 9 ,gynaeceum4 ,type ,,iv4 ,to ^! ,bird & ,basket capitals1 type ,v41 may be add$ v>ieties ( ! great class ( d]ivatives f ! ,cor9?ian ( :i* ?is is 9 fact "o4 ,^! 7 9 g5]al use be=e ! block type ( capital 0 develop$4 ,we w "h only m5tion two ( ^! acan?us capitals4 ,^? 9 :i* ! leaves are set upright on ! /em ( ! %aft we w call ,byzant9e ,cor9?ian & type ,,vi4 ,^? 9 :i* ! leaves turn ov] & b5d r\nd ! capital we w1 ) ,mr4 ,rusk91 call 8,w9d-bl[n acan?us10 & type ,,vii4 ,di/ribution & ,dates ( ,capitals4--,we h ref]r$ be=e to our belief t ,con/ant9ople 0 a m>ble work+ c5tre f :i* sculptur$ m>bles 7 disp]s$ to all p>ts ( ! ,roman _w4 ,hav+ ! *ief types ( ,byzant9e capitals be=e u x w be conv5i5t to consid] ?is m fully4 ,we suppose t z :ite m>ble _h to be b\ght 9 any case1 ! cu/om grew up ( obta9+ ! capitals fully wr\ght4 ,importation 01 ( c\rse1 a g5]al antique practice 9 reg>d to figure sculpture1 columns1 & o!r objects ( m>ble4 ,proconnesian m>ble seems to h be5 ! common /one ( ,con/ant9ople s t x is us$ = ! columns & capitals ( ! ci/]ns4 ,we believe t c>eful exam9ation ( ! capitals at ,rav5na1 ,p>5zo1 & o!r ,byzant9e c5tres w %[ t !y are 9 ! ma9 ( ?is mat]ial4 ,z to design ! capitals ly+ neglect$ ab\t ! city1 toge!r ) ^? 9 situ 9 ! *ur*es & ci/]ns1 furni% a p]fect museum ( ! types ) :i* o!rs disp]s$ ?r\gh ! :ole area ( ! empire agree 9 ! m9ute/ p>ticul>s ( design & workman%ip4 ,to take ! types we h m5tion$3 ,impo/ ,capital1 ,i4--,?is capital is f\nd ) ! surface ri*ly sculptur$ at ,s4 ,s]gius4 ,capitals id5tical 9 =m & decoration ) ! isolat$ capital ( ,s4 ,sophia 7,salz4 ,pl4 xx41 fig4 #h7 are f\nd at ,p>5zo & 9 ,j]usalem4 ,! spl5did examples ( ?is type at ,s4 ,vitale1 ,rav5na1 are well kn[n2 "h ! fretwork ( sculpture is almo/ entirely reliev$ f ! gr\nd4 ,we f\nd an example absolutely simil> at ,con/ant9ople4 ,mr4 ,rusk9's 8,lily ,capital0 :i* belongs to ?is gr\p is f\nd at ,s4 ,m>k's1 at ,s4 ,vitale1 at ,p>5zo1 & at ,alex&ria4 ,ano!r v>iety is cov]$ all ov] ) horizontal b&s ( zigzag fillets2 an example re/s 9 ! ,t*5li-,kiosk ,museum1 o!rs are f\nd at ,a!ns1 at ,mi/ra1 & a ?ird n[ at ,s4 ,m>k's is figur$ 9 ! ,/ones ( ,v5ice4 ,! capitals at ,s4 ,sophia1 ,salonica1 figur$ by ,texi] are probably ! e>lie/ ( type ,i4 to :i* an approximate date c be giv52 x 0 c]ta9ly 9 g5]al use at ! end ( ! fif? c5tury4 ,melon ,=m1 ,,ii4--,^! magnific5t eight-lob$ capitals =m ! great ord] at ,s4 ,s]gius1 & are f\nd at ! *ur* usually call$ ,agia ,!otokos4 ,simil> capitals belong to ! upp] ord] at ,s4 ,vitale1 & o!rs are f\nd at ,s4 ,m>k's4 ,"s ( ! nave columns ( ,s4 ,demetrius at ,salonica h f9e capitals ( ?is type :i* al?\gh evid5tly d]iv$ f ! la/ probably also orig9at$ 9 ! fif? c5tury4 ,b[l ,type1 ,,iii4--,^!1 ! great capitals ( ,s4 ,sophia1 seem to h be5 especially design$ = ! metropolitan *ur*3 ! beautiful palm foliage1 h[ev]1 ) :i* !y are sculptur$ is f\nd aga9 at ,p>5zo & on a capital 9 ! ,rav5na museum said to h be5 br\ght f ,pomposa4 ,! *ur* at ,p>5zo 0 begun 9 #ece4 ,byzant9e ,ionic1 ,,iv4--,^! occur 9 _! p]fect$ =m ( block capital fully sculptur$ 9 ,s4 ,s]gius & at ! palace ( ,hormisdas 9 ,con/ant9ople1 also 9 ! upp] ord] at ,s4 ,sophia1 ,salonica4 ,examples are also f\nd at ,v5ice4 ,9 _! e>li] =m ( transition f ! 8,ionic ) a pla9 doss]et0 an imm5se numb] are f\nd 9 ! subt]ranean /ructures ( ,con/ant9ople4 ,an example has be5 f\nd 9 ,*alcis4#cei ,bird & ,basket1 ,v4--,s4 ,sophia furni%es two examples1 b !re is no pro( t !y orig9ally belong$ to ! build+4 ,ano!r example is 9 ,cairo4 ,t at ,s4 ,clem5te1 ,rome1 is sign$ ) ! "n ( ,john ,m]curius2 ,piranesi figures a capital ( ?is k9d f ! ,palazzo ,mattei1 be>+ a monogram :i* is indeciph]able 9 8 plate4 ,p]iod1 end ( fif? c5tury & beg9n+ ( six?4 ,byzant9e ,cor9?ian ,type1 ,,vi4--,^! are ( great v>iety2 we w only m5tion "o4 ,9 ! portico ( ,john ,/udius ! acan?us leaves are d\bl$1 "o leaf ly+ ov] & )9 ano!r1 s t a d\ble r[ ( s]rations is %[n ar\nd ! m>g9s 7see figure 9 ,salz474 ,simil> capitals are f\nd 9 ,s4 ,demetrius1 ,salonica1 & at ,s4 ,m>k's1 ,v5ice4 ,?is p>ticul> =m is probably ne>ly concurr5t ) ! la/1 possibly a little e>li]4 ,w9d-bl[n ,acan?us1 ,,vii41 is repres5t$ at ,con/ant9ople by two examples =m+ bases = ! po/s ( a wood5 por* to a h\se ne> ,gl ,jami1 & ano!r is f\nd 9 ! ci/]n usually call$ aft] ,arcadius or ,pul*]ia4 ,absolutely simil> capitals are f\nd 9 ,s4 ,sophia1 ,salonica 7circa #dij7 & "o occurs at ,s4 ,demetrius4 ,at ,rav5na f9e examples are dat$ by be>+ ! monogram ( ,!odoric4 ,o!rs at ,s4 ,apoll9>e 9 ,classe resemble ! la/ s closely t we d\bt _! hav+ be5 made specially = ! *ur* built 9 #ecd-edi4 ,an example 0 f\nd 9 ,*alcis ) ! ,ionic capital j ref]r$ to & ,de ,vog figures "o f ,syria4 ,p]iod1 say #dbe to #ebe4 ,! sev5 mo/ typical ,byzant9e ord]s 7 ?us be+ wr\ght concurr5tly at ! end ( ! fif? c5tury1 & x seems t ! ?ree la/ did n long outla/ ?is c5tury4 ,! o!rs 9 _! c5tral types probably did n cont9ue 9 use mu* beyond ! six? c5tury4 ,aft] ?is "t some:at co>se v>ieties ( ,byzant9e ,cor9?ian1 or ,type ,i41 7 mo/ly us$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eh4--;,bronze ,annulets ( ,columns4 ,! evid5ce ( ! orig9al block 9 ! fully sculptur$ f9i%$ "w :i* we f9d 9 ! mo/ *>act]i/ic examples ( ! ,byzant9e capitals is ( prim>y importance 9 all m>ble sculpture1 & diff]5tiates ! "w ( ! *isel f be+ a m]e /one model ( a clay model :i* is practically :at mo/ mod]n sculpture has become4 ,9 _m ( ^! capitals ! v]tical /rip %[n 9 ,fig4 #ee left 9 ! f9i%$ "w furni%es a fur!r sugge/ion ( ! block f :5ce !y 7 hewn4 ,%afts & ,bases4--,! usual !ory t ! ,byzant9es wr\ght b few new m>ble %afts does n be> scrut9y4 ,byzant9e %afts h neck+s ( v slight projection1 ?us obviat+ ! wa/e ( lab\r & mat]ial ( ,roman "w4#cfj ,! %afts ( ! bapti/]y loggia at ,s4 ,sophia1 figur$ by ,salz5b]g1 furni% good examples2 sometimes ! neck+1 z to ! squ>e m>ble pill>s1 is a simple broad fillet ( ab\t a qu>t] ( an in* projection4 ,! hundr$ r\nd %afts ( ,s4 ,sophia exhibit a rem>kable & beautiful /ructural exp$i5t by :i* ! neck+ is entirely suppress$1 & bronze annulets surr\nd ! %aft "u ! capital & above ! base2 :i* prev5t ! %afts f slid+ or splitt+1 & reta9 ! lead b$s f be+ =c$ out by ! weight 7see ,*oisy1 p4 #ae74 ,l>ge monoli?ic %afts 7 ! m apt to split1 z !y _h to be set up contr>y to ! direction ( ! qu>ry /rata4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ei4--,m>ble ,p$e/als & ,skirt+ ,slabs4 ,fig4 #eh repres5ts ^! bronze zones 9 association ) ! great capitals & bases4 ,! p$e/als ( ! ex$ra columns ,a a1 next figure1 are work$ toge!r ) ! bases 9 "o /one4 ,9 ^! pr(iles we aga9 see h[ little ! m\ld+s di/urb ! orig9al =m4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fj4--;,cornice ,pr(iles4 ,responds4--,a v rem>kable feature 9 ! int]ior1 is ! way 9 :i* ! col\r ( ! m>ble columns ( ! arcade is reflect$ z x 7 on ! responds1 :]e ! ar*es fall on ! great squ>e pi]s4 ,a /rip ( porphyry or v]de antique1 ! wid? & height ( ! free %afts1 is inlaid into ! m>ble cas+ ( ! pi]s absolutely flu%1 ! edge be+ only def9$ by a l9e ( ! not*$ fillet4 ,a flat sculptur$ slab at ! top e*oes ! capital1 & a base slab ( m\ld+s work$ 9 a v]tical plane ranges ) ! bases ( ! columns4 ,salz5b]g's plate does n r5d] ?is feature prop]ly1 ! 8capital0 is flat & has /raight sides & in/ead ( ! 8base0 he %[s a portion ( ! wall skirt+4 ,fig4 #ei %[s ?is base 9 elevation 7,b71 & section 7,c71 rang+ ) ! p$e/als ( ! ex$ra1 ,columns 7,a74 ,! way 9 :i* ! sculptur$ & inlaid sp&rils ( ! arcades /op aga9/ ! pla9 v5e]+ ( ! great pi]s is also mo/ notewor?y4 ,cornices & ,skirt+s4--,we give "h 7,fig4 #ei1 ,d & ,e7 two pr(iles ( ! skirt+s :]e ! pr9ciple ( work+ out ( ?9 v5e]+-slabs is appli$ to m\ld$ "w4 ,! p>apet slabs ( fir/ floor are work$ 9 a v simil> way2 ,salz5b]g %[s design ( front1 & !y be> flat loz5ges betwe5 two crosses at ! back4 ,see ,fig4 #fa4 ,! cornices ( ! int]ior1 :i* really =m$ walks = ! lamplight]s1 are made up ( no regul> comb9ation ( curves2 !y project /eeply =w>d1 ! g5]al slant+ plane be+ little di/urb$ 7,a1 ,fig4 #fj72 !y are decorat$ ) r[s ( acan?us1 ! curv$ tips ( :i* cat* ! light 9 bright po9ts4 ,! cornice ( aisle is giv5 at ,b4 ,we also give a pr(ile ( ! door-head1 :i* %[s h[ ! m\ld+s con=m to a plane ( lea/ lab\r 7,c74 ,by ! jambs & heads be+ mitr$ toge!r1 ! difficulty ( work+ /op ends 0 also obviat$4 ,! m\ld+s are n %>p & accurate1 z is sugge/$ by ,salz5b]g's engrav+s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fa4--;,closures betwe5 ,pill>s1 ,front ( ,gynaeceum4 ,we may m5tion "h t all ! doors ent]+ ! *ur* f ! n>!x h rais$ m>ble ?re%olds1 t ( ! ,royal ,door be+ a magnific5t piece ( v]de antique :i* rises "s sev5 in*es above ! level ( ! floor2 ! o!rs are ( :ite m>ble4 ,w9d[s1 c4--,! pi]c$ lattices ( ! w9d[s also furni% examples ( ano!r beautiful me?od ( m>ble slab con/ruction4 ,! l>ge w9d[s are subdivid$ by m>ble po/s1 betwe5 :i* ! pi]c$ lattices make a m]e scre54 ,salz5b]g1 :o f\nd a /ore-room full ( brok5 fragm5ts1 gives a section ( a b>4 ,w9d[s ov] ! we/]n entrances1 & ano!r at ! foot ( ! s\?-we/ /air1 :i* are simil>ly pi]c$ out ( %eet m>ble1 h a simple me&] c>v$ on ! b>s 7,fig4 #fb72 ?is we suppose to be ( ! n9? or t5? c5tury4 ,! l[] "p ( ! w9d[ op5+s go+ d[n to ! floors are fill$ ) m>ble closures1 "s ( :i* be> flat sculptur$ devices1 su* z a fi% 9 a loz5ge1 & on ! outside a cross2 above ?is came a second ti] ( slabs pi]c$ ) squ>e op5+s1 :i* 7 possibly cov]$ by m>ble slabs z op5+ casem5ts4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fb4--,m>ble ,w9d[ ,lattice4 ,"s ( ^! closures are transluc5t2 "o 9 ! ,we/ ,gall]y ov] n>!x is ! well-kn[n 8,%9+ ,w9d[0 :i* is m5tion$ by ,grelot4 ,^! transp>5t slabs ( 8,ph5gites0 7 mu* us$ 9 ,byzant9e ar*itecture4 ,! transp>5t m>ble slab w9d[s ( ,s4 ,m9iato are well kn[n4 ,at ,rav5na !re is a sculptur$ slab alt>front1 ?r\gh :i* %one ! light ( c&les plac$ beh9d4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fc4--;,cipoll9o ,slabs ) ,cross4 ,plac$ aga9/ ! ea/ side ( ! m>ble scre5 n[ 9 s\? gynaeceum are slabs ( cipoll9o1 :i* be> l>ge crosses /&+ on circles2 ! relief be+ v slight & ! edges s(t5$ ^! %[ 9 ! fa9te/ way2 ea* cross ext5ds ov] two slabs1 ! jo9t be+ d[n ! middle4 ,a simil> slab ) a cross is n[ plac$ 9 ! op5+ on s\? side ( bema4 ,^! cross slabs "s sev5 feet high are beautiful examples ( ! prop] use ( m>ble4 7,fig4 #fc47 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fd4--;,=ms on ,c>v$ ,impo/ ,m\ld+4 ,c>v+4--,( ! c>v$ ornam5t we c only /ay to rem>k on ! l>ge use made ( ! drill 9 obta9+ po9ts & *a9s ( %>p %ad[3 & t 9 ! design new motives & old--! acan?us & ! v9e are f\nd side by side1 bo? equally alive4 ,! acan?us has be5 r$rawn f ! leaves :i* trac]y ! /ones along ! %ore2 & ev5 ! ar*aic lotus1 = c5turies degrad$ into 8egg & tongue10 buds once aga9 into leaf4 ,,*apt] ,,xii ,,bronze1 ,,mosaics1 ,,inscriptions #a4 ,,bronze ,,"w4 ,"o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ facts 9 connection ) ! build+ is ! lavi% use ( bronze 9 con/ruction & decoration4 ,!re is e reason to suppose t ! bronze cas+ ( ! ,royal ,doorway ent]+ ! *ur* f ! n>!x1 0 appli$ long subsequ5t to ! build+ ( ! *ur*4 ,we give 9 ,fig4 #fe a sket* ( ! bronze cornice ( ?is door1 ) its hooks = ! door hang+s2 ! left h& %[s ! =m t[>ds ! n>!x1 ! "r h& ! int]ior4 ,! deep-splay$ cas+ ( ! cornice resembl+ a s>cophagus may h sugge/$ ! /ory quot$ by ,buzantios1#cfa t ! body ( ,s4 ,ir5e repos$ above ?is doorway4 ,by comp>+ x ) ! adjo9+ m>ble doorways1 x is app>5t t ! bronze mu/ be laid ov] simil> m>ble =ms1 & t ?is deep-splay$ cas+ simply cov]s a m>ble cornice hack$ back to "o slant+ face4 ,salz5b]g gives a detail ( ! panel at ! c5tre1 & ! inscription has already be5 quot$4 ,su* inscriptions 7 g5]al at ! ent]+ 9 ( anci5t *ur*es4 ,= in/ance1 a small *ur*#cfb 9 ,pale/9e has ! leg5d1 8,?is is ! gate ( ! ,"l1 ! righte\s %all ent] 9 !reat10 & a simil> inscription is on ! l9tel ( ! e>ly *ur* at ,corfu4#cfc ,an isolat$ l9tel at ,con/ant9ople has 8,op5 me ! gates ( righte\sness1 t ,i may ent] & praise ! ,"l40 ,paul9us says t at ! door ( 8 *ur* at ,nola 0 writt51 8,peace be to !e ) peaceful he>t & pure1 :o come/ )9 ! secret place ( ,*ri/40 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fe4--;,bronze ,cas+ to ,royal ,doorway4 ,scale #a_/fj4 ,9 a pap] on ! inscriptions at ,s4 ,sophia1 by ,c4 ,g4 ,curtis & ,s4 ,ari/>*s 9 ! ,transactions ( ! ,philological ,society#cfd ( ,con/ant9ople ! au?ors po9t out t ,s4 ,sophia 0 greatly injur$ by e>?quake on ! #be? ( ,octob]1 #ige1 & re/or$ six ye>s aft]w>ds1 & say t ! =m ( ! lett]s ( ! inscription sugge/s t x 0 writt5 at ?is "t4 ,possibly an e>?quake gave a v suffici5t reason = su* a cas+1 by fractur+ ! great m>ble l9tel1 b !re appe>s to h be5 a :ole s]ies ( additions & alt]ations at ?is end ( ! *ur* be=e ?is p]iod1 & x might v well h be5 done at ! same "t z ! mosaic above x4 ,all ! doors op5+ into or f ! n>!x1 ) "o exception1 are cas$ 9 bronze on a wood f\ndation ab\t five in*es ?ick1 =m$ into panels4 ,!y are all hung 9 two leaves1 & ! back edges aga9/ ! frame are r\nd$ cont9u+ top & bottom z pivots on :i* !y revolve4 ,! n9e doors ent]+ ! *ur* are comp>atively pla91 ea* leaf be+ divid$ into ?ree panels4 ,! c5tral doors ent]+ ! n>!x are two panels high1 ea* ( :i* bore a l>ge cross2 ^! 7 appli$ sep>ately1 ! upp] "o "u a r\nd ar* on pila/]s1 & ! l[] b5ea? a gable also support$ by pila/]s4 ,! l[] cross is plant$ on a rock1 f :i* fl[ ! f\r riv]s1 symbol ( ! ,gospel prea*$ to ! ends ( ! e>?4 ,"p ( a v]se 9 ! mosaic ( ! apse at ,nola z giv5 by ,paul9us makes ?is symbolism cle>4 8,*ri/ ! rock ,( all ! *ur*1 ! base ( rock su/a9s ,f :i* z liv+ /reams f\r f\nta9s fl[2 ,! f\r evangeli/s1 ^: words are gone ,?r\gh e l&40 ,! m>g9s1 fram+ ! panel ( ?is pair ( doors1 are decorat$ ) elliptical holl[s & pairs ( small rosettes alt]nately 7see ,fig4 #ff74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ff4--;,c5tral ,bronze ,door ent]+ ,n>!x4 ,scale ab\t ?ree feet to an in*4 ,! two doors "r & left ( ?is c5tral door are less 9 size2 "h ea* leaf is aga9 divid$ into two panels4 ,! top "o has a relief ( a *alice f :i* rises ! /em ( a cross ) crisp acan?us foliage on ei!r side4 ,! l[] panel has a l>ge pla9 cross4 ,^! reliefs are all appli$ to ! panels1 ! crosses be+ made up ( f\r arms1 :i* are sep>ately ins]t$ into a c5tral boss4 ,! horizontal arms1 & 9 _m in/ances ! :ole crosses1 h be5 remov$ by ! ,mahomm$ans4 ,! /yles & rails ( ^! doors are inlaid ) /rap-l =ms & gammidae 9 silv]1 & engrav$ ) a repres5tation ( a sett+ ( gems 7see ,fig4 #fg74 ,^! inlaid /raps1 ) seal-l ends1 exactly repeat ! =ms f\nd on door-hang+s4 ,see ,fig4 #ac4 ,at ,s4 ,sophia ! =ms h c]ta9ly be5 tak5 f simil> veils4 ,! l>ge simplicity ( ! design ( ^! beautiful bronze doors sugge/s t !y may be ( ,ju/9ian's "t4 ,! doors /ill fur!r f ! c5tre1 "r & left1 t is to say ! two end doors ( ! five ent]+ ! n>!x1 h ea* leaf divid$ into ?ree panels4 ,! top & bottom panels are *>g$ ) crosses2 & ! c5tre "o1 :i* is smalle/1 be>s an annul> boss2 ! /yles are /udd$ ) discs4 ,! s\? door ( n>!x1 & also ! end doors 9 ! we/ wall ( ! nave are simil> to ^!2 ! o!rs 9 ?is wall1 includ+ ! great c5tral door f ! n>!x1 h ! big panel 9 ! c5tre & two small] ones ) circul> boss top & bottom 7see ,fig4 #fh74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fg4--;,bronze ,door ( ,n>!x4 ,scale ab\t f\r feet to an in*4 ,! out] doors ( ! por* at ! s\? end ( n>!x are /ill m rem>kable4 ,! panel m>g9s are made up ( ca/ bronze decorat$ ) me&]s1 frets1 & leaf m\ld+s1 v delicately modell$ 9 high relief4 ,^! are evid5tly ( antique workman%ip1 possibly !y may be z late z ! f\r? c5tury1 b !y c h>dly h be5 wr\ght lat]4 ,! anci5t doors h be5 enl>g$ by add+ out] m>g9s1 consi/+ ( lat] relief "w1 & flat metal /udd$ ) little leaf ornam5ts :i* =m ! heads ( p9s4 ,! panels h be5 fill$ ) plates ( bronze1 :i* be> an inscription +5i\sly made up ( monograms1 arrang$ on crosses 9 circles2 ^! are deeply engrav$ into ! metal plates & fill$ ) silv]4 ,x is int]e/+ to f9d "h an example ( ! damasc5$ "w ( :i* "s ( ! doors 9 ,italy br\ght f ,con/ant9ople are su* rem>kable specim5s4#cfe ,! lett]s are beautifully design$1 & 9 all cases ! horizontal arm ( ! cross is above ! c5tre ( ! circle 9 :i* x occurs4 ,good engrav+s ( ^! doors are giv5 by ,salz5b]g1 :o h[ev] incorrectly transcribes & arranges ! inscription on ! panels4 ,( ?is we "h give a correct$ v]sion1 ,fig4 #fi4 7,! top l9e 9 ! figure is actually above ! "r-h& monograms47 ,! inscription has be5 deciph]$ 9 ! previ\sly m5tion$ ,transactions ( ! ,greek ,syllogos at ,con/ant9ople4 - ,s 4 7( ,!ophilus &7 ,mi*ael ,conqu]ors 7#a7 ,"l1 help 7#b7 ,!ophilos ,emp]or 7#c7 ,"m ( ,god1 help 7#d7 ,!odora ,augu/a 7#e7 ,*ri/1 help 7#f7 ,mi*ael ,emp]or 7#g7 ,ye> f ! creation 7#h7 ( ! _w #fcdi4 ,ind4 #d ,! six? & eigh? monograms %[ evid5ce ( hav+ be5 alt]$4 ,! silv] has be5 remov$ f ! e>li] =m1 & ! grooves hav+ be5 fill$ up ) bronze fre% lett]s 7 inlaid3 ! l9es /opp$ out h[ev] %[ a diff]5t col\r f ! orig9al gr\nd1 & s ! palimpse/ c be read4 ,! revision 0 made 8aft] ! bir? ( ,mi*ael ! fir/ son ( ,!ophilus 9 #hci & 8 coronation 9 ! ye> #hdj4cff ,be=e ?is "t ! monogram ( ,john ! patri>*1 :i* may /ill be trac$1 occupi$ ! position ( ,mi*ael's monogram3 & in/ead ( #fcdi ,indiction #d1 ! date 0 #fcdg ,indiction #b1 ?us giv+ ! ye> beg9n+ ,septemb] #hch1 :5 ,john ! ,six? 0 ,patri>* ( ,con/ant9ople40#cfg ,! inscription 8,mi*ael ,conqu]ors0 7:i* is =m$ by pi]c+ a bronze plate1 n by damasc5+1 z %[n by ,salz5b]g7 occupies ! top ( ! "r-h& leaf ( ! door3 t on ! left correspond+ to x is lo/4 ,,mm4 ,curtis & ,ari/>*es h re/or$ ?is z above4 ,! exi/+ words1 x is evid5t1 mu/ h be5 add$ aft] ,mi*ael's bir? & ) ! alt]ation ( ! monograms probably =m a memorial ( 8 coronation4 ,murray's ,h&book #ahic sugge/s t ! ^w ,niktn ref]s to ! re/oration ( images2 b ! revision ( ! inscription 0 made dur+ ! lifetime ( ,!ophilus1 :o 0 ! la/ ( ! iconocla/ic emp]ors4 ,accord+ to ,muralt#cfh ,!ophilus di$ ,jan4 #bj ,a4,m4 #fcej 7#hdb74 ,j be=e1 feel+ himself to be dy+1 he made ! empress swe> n to re-e/abli% images1 & n to depose ! patri>* ,john4 ,?ree weeks h[ev] aft] ! emp]or's dea?1 ,me?odius 0 nam$ patri>*4 8,! victory ( ! image-wor%ipp]s 0 celebrat$ by ! in/allation ( ! long-bani%$ pictures 9 ,s4 ,sophia on ! #ai? ( ,febru>y #hdb1 j ?irty days aft] ! dea? ( ,!ophilus40#cfi ,x is almo/ c]ta9 t ! conjectural re/oration is correct = ,!ophilus & ,mi*ael are ?us associat$ 9 a mural inscription#cgj & ,niketes 0 a common title f ,con/ant9e d[nw>ds4 ,on ! panels are c]ta9 p9-holes#cga plac$ symmetrically betwe5 ! monograms2 ^! mu/ h be5 = ! atta*m5t ( reliefs4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fh4--;,bronze ,doors 9 ,n>!x4 ,scale ab\t f\r feet to an in*4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fi4--;,inscription ,damasc5$ 9 ,silv] on ,bronze ,door4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,anonym\s au?or speaks ( doors ( 8elektron0 & ( silv] dipp$ 9 gold1 b we _c rely on ?is any m ?an on 8 #cfe doors ( ivory4 ,electrum is incorrectly translat$ z amb] 9 ! la/ edition ( ,murray's ,guide 7#ahic74 ,lab>te po9t$ out t enamel =ms ! "r equival5t1 & = ?is int]pretation he has ample au?ority4 ,!ophilus1 ! ,byzant9e writ] on ! arts1 cont9ually uses ! ^w = glass enamels1 ei!r set z sep>ate jewels1 or fus$ z transluc5t enamels to a metal base4 ,a note 9 ! ,engli% edition ( ?is writ] expla9s t ?is use ( ! ^w 0 probably ext5d$ f amb] to cov] o!r transp>5t bodies ( simil> appe>ance4 ,f ! lavi% way 9 :i* enamel 0 us$ ab\t ! t5? c5tury x is possible t "s ( ! doors su* z ^? 9 ! icono/asis might h be5 enamell$4 ,z to ! 8dipp+0 ( silv] or bronze ) gold ! ,sil5ti>y tells u t ,ju/9ian 8ov]laid ) gold0 ! bronze zones ( ! columns2 & ! annulets ( ! porphyry columns at ! ea/ entrance /ill %[ gild+4 ,buzantios#cgb quotes f a ,,ms4 *emical treatise 9 ! ,p>is libr>y :i* m5tions 8dipp+ bronze l ! doors ( ,s4 ,sophia10 & ,fossati says ! head ( ! ,royal ,door 0 gilt4 ,!ophilus expla9s 9 detail h[ bronze or silv] might be gilt by fire-gild+1 ! process "h call$ dipp+4 ,! copp] 9 ! bronze _h to be pure & free f lead4 ,! gold 0 gr\nd v f9e & cook$ ) m]cury4 ,?is amalgam 0 !n appli$ to ! surface ) a copp] bit1 l t plumb]s use 9 sold]+1 & poli%$ ) a wire bru%4 ,we h giv5 sket*es ( ! bronze coll>s :i* surr\nd ! columns1 at ! junction ( capital & %aft1 & j above ! bases4 ,! porphyry columns 9 ! two we/]n ex$ras h _m int]m$iate annulets at unequal heights2 ^! 9 "s cases 7 d\btless int5d$ to b9d up longitud9al fractures 9 ! %afts1 :i* %[ 9 _m places2 b 9 o!r in/ances !y appe> to cov] ! junction ( sep>ate drums ( porphyry4 ,^! are all %[n 9 ,grelot's int]ior view4 ,! pr9cipal coll>s are c]ta9ly ( ! "t ( ,ju/9ian2 ^? "u ! capitals h squ>e metal bosses or boxes cov]+ ! po9t :]e !y meet & are p9n$ toge!r4 ,^! 8seals0 ( ! great ord] be> ! monograms ( ,ju/9ian & ,!odora4 ,! annulets at ! base are made cont9u\s at ! jo9t1 & h ! appe>ance ( be+ braz$3 ^? ( ! ma9 ord] are n[ kept brightly poli%$4 ,"o ( ! base annulets 9 ! nor? gall]y is sign$ by a monogram z ! "w 8( ,/eph540#cgc ,besides ! hooks1 9 ! =m ( upturn$ f+]s1 = ! hang+s at ! bronze door1 simil> hooks occur 9 ! m>ble l9tels ( ! doors 9 ! n>!x & ! exon>!x4 #b4 ,,mosaic4 ,! mosaics ( figures expos$ at ! "t ( ,fossati's repairs are _m ( !m figur$ by ,salz5b]g1 al?\gh 8 h>%ly col\r$ diagrams c b v inadequately repres5t ! beauty ( ! orig9als4 ,we give "h 8 descriptive text 9 a slightly cond5s$ =m z a basis = our own rem>ks4 ,de?i]#cgd ass]ts t only a "p ( ! mosaics discov]$ 7 publi%$ by ,salz5b]g1 & t ,fossati pres]v$ o!rs in$it$ 9 8 portfolios4#cge ,! mosaics are =m$ ( glass ( v>i\s col\rs cut into small pieces & appli$ to ! vaults ) a cem5t4 ,! gold mosaic 0 made by lay+ leaf gold on ! glass1 :i* 0 !n cov]$ by a ?9 film ( glass to protect ! surface4 ,silv] mosaic 0 made 9 ! same way4 ,! gold 0 us$1 9 spite ( its app>5t abundance1 ) great economy4 ,= in/ance1 9 v]tical spaces high up & only visible f almo/ imm$iately b5ea?1 ! tess]ae are arrang$ 9 horizontal r[s at a di/ance ( two or ?ree tess]ae f ea* o!r ) _! upp] edges project+4 ,! project+ edge ( ! l[] r[ hides ! b>e space betwe5 x & ! r[ above4 ,!re is ?us a sav+ ( m ?an half ! mat]ial1 & great play ( light is obta9$4 ,! tympana ( ! aisles are cov]$ 9 ?is way4 ,! col\r$ tess]ae are set 9 ! usual way1 z ! difficulties involv$ by ! o!r me?od 9 ! curves ( ! ornam5t w\ld outweigh ! sav+ ( mat]ial4 ,besides gold & silv]1 r$1 blue1 & gre5 are ! pr9cipal col\rs2 ?\gh o!rs are us$ 9 ! heads ( ! figures4 ,! vault+ ?r\gh\t 0 cov]$ ) a backgr\nd ( gold1 on :i* are conv5tional patt]ns t foll[ ! =ms ( ! con/ruction4 ,"s ( ! spaces h repres5tations ( figures4 ,9 ! b&s ( ornam5t are gamma-crosses swa/ikas1 he>ts1 leaves1 & crosses1 plac$ 9 circles1 squ>es1 & o!r figures4 ,!re are no %>p arrises to ! vaults1 b patt]n$ b&s are plac$ on ! r\nd$ edges4 ,! vault ( ! n>!x has its wide transv]se b&s adorn$ ) gamma-crosses4 ,9 ! dom$ portions betwe5 ! transv]se ar*es are diagonal b&s :i* culm9ate 9 a circle inclos+ a cross4#cgf ,! vaults ( ! gynaeceum1 p]haps because !y 7 visible f ! nave1 are m elaborate ?an ^? ( ! aisles bel[4#cgg ,salz5b]g's ,plate xxv4 %[s ! we/]n dome on ! s\? side1 on :i* is repres5t$ ! desc5t ( ! ,holy ,_s3 ! ar*es h ! same ornam5t z ^? bel[4#cgh ,details ( ! dome are giv5 9 ,salz5b]g's ,plate xxvi4 ,! edges ( ! ribs & w9d[ op5+s are cov]$ ) b&s ( ornam5t4 ,! faces ( ! ribs h alt]nate squ>es & crosses1 :i* decrease 9 size z !y get high]4 ,! c5tral space has lo/ its figure subject1 b x is surr\nd$ by a wide bord]4#cgi ,! sides ( ! w9d[ op5+s are l9$ ) silv] mosaic4 ,! l[] "p ( ! dome is n decorat$1 z ! project+ cornice hides x f bel[4#chj ,! edges ( ! ex$ra-con*s h b&s simil> to ^? on ! great ar*es1 & ! same patt]n occurs aga9 on ! edges ( ! ea/]n b>rel vault1 & ! bema apse4#cha ,! re/ ( ! decoration ( ! surface ( ! apses has disappe>$4 ,ov] ! c5tre door f ! n>!x to ! nave is repres5t$ ,*ri/ on a ?rone1 hold+ a ,gospel op5 at ! words1 8,i am ! ,light ( ! _w3 ,peace be ) y40 ,a mon>* is pro/rate be=e him1 & 9 m$allions on ei!r side are ,m>y ! ,int]cessor1 & ,mi*ael ! ,protector4#chb ,! nimbus ( ,*ri/ has ?ree rays1 & ,8 h& blesses 9 ! ,greek mann]1 by :i* ! f+]s repres5t ! initial & f9al lett]s ( ,jesus ,*ri/us4 ,! und]g>m5t has broad gold /ripes work$ on x1 & ! lights are giv5 9 silv]2 x seems to be ( silk1 ! upp] g>m5t appe>s to be ( a :ite wooll5 /uff4 ,! great we/]n ar* has a m$allion ( ! ,virg9 at ! cr[n1 & full l5g?s ( ,pet] & ,paul at ! sides1 ,pet] on ! s\?2 h[ev]1 only a few remnants ( ^! figures are n[ left4 ,! bord] :i* surr\nds ! m$allion ( ! ,virg9 has col\rs ( ! ra9b[1 ! circle ( h] halo is r$2 ! fle% col\r is fair1 & ! eyes are blue4 ,! veil is blue1 ) a gold cross1 & ! cloak is also blue4 ,"u ! veil is a k9d ( b& r\nd ! head1 l t :i* ! ,spani% ,jews ( ,con/ant9ople we>2 x is ( a blue gre5 col\r ) d>k /ripes2 ! hair is n visible4 ,h] nimbus has ?ree silv] rays on a gold gr\nd2 h] h&s re/ on ! %\ld]s ( ! ,*ild1 ^: "r h& blesses1 :ile ! left holds ! book ( ! ,gospel4 ,pet]'s face is d>k1 ! nimbus is blue1 ! g>m5t is blui% gre51 & ! gold rod1 surm\nt$ by a cross1 has r$ & blue b&s4 ,he ?us has ! same insignia z ! ,/4 ,pet] on ! ,ciborium ,curta91 & x is ?is :i*1 9 ! mosaic1 id5tifies ! figure z ,pet]1 = !re is no inscription4 ,porphyrog5itus1 9 8 life ( ,basil1 m5tions t :5 ! we/]n ar* 0 re/or$ ! pictures ( ! ,virg91 & ! ,apo/les ,pet] & ,paul 7 plac$ !re by t emp]or4 ,! figure ( ,paul has an upp] g>m5t ( gre5 ) silv] lights1 & ! und]g>m5t is a gre5i% yell[4 ,! :ole figure is ab\t sev5te5 feet high1 b ! head is want+4#chc ,on ! l>ge semicircul> walls b5ea? ! nor!rn & s\!rn dome-ar*es are a numb] ( figures 9 mosaic4 ,! sev5 ar*$ recesses 7 fill$ ) repres5tations ( m>tyrs & bi%ops2 above1 betwe5 ! w9d[s1 7 six small] figures ( prophets1 & a l>g] figure at ea* end4 ,at ! height ( ! upp] r[ ( w9d[s 7 probably ! ar*angels1 b ( ^! only ! feet rema94 ,! figures t n[ exi/ are ! foll[+4 ,9 ! recesses on ! s\? side1 ! second f ! ea/ is ,an?imos1 ,bi%op ( ,nicom$ia1 m>tyr$ 9 #caa3 9 ! ?ird is ,basil1 ,bi%op ( ,caes>ea1 m>tyr$ 9 #cgi4chd ,! f\r? recess f ! ea/ has ,gregory ,!ologos1 ,patri>* ( ,con/ant9ople f #cgh to #chc4 ,! next figure is ,dionysius ! ,areopagite2 :o 0 conv]t$ by ,/4 ,paul1 & became1 tradition says1 ,bi%op ( ,a!ns4 ,9 ! six? recess is ,ni*olas1 ,bi%op ( ,myra1 :o di$ 9 #ccj4 ,?is figure is p>tly de/roy$4 ,! sev5?1 is ,gregory1 ,bi%op ( ,arm5ia1 :o di$ 9 #cbe4che ,! figure ( ,isaiah1 :i* is to ! ea/ ( ! r[ ( w9d[s1 _h be5 cov]$ up 7:5 ,salz5b]g made 8 draw+s71 b x 0 describ$ by ,fossati z hav+ an und]g>m5t ( gre5 ) silv] lights1 & ov] x a cloak ( a :ite wooll5 /uff4 ,! "r h& po9t$ t[>ds ! bema1 & 9 ! left 0 an op5 scroll ) ! inscription1 8,behold1 a ,virg9 %all conceive & be> a son40 ,"u ! figure 0 a monogram4#chf ,high] up aga9 on ! same wall 0 ! inscription3-- 4444 44444444 ,! recesses ( ! nor? wall h no mosaics see bel[1 p4 #bhg4 ,at ! height ( ! w9d[s1 ! fir/ figure beg9n+ f ! ea/ is ,j]emiah4#chg ,! und]g>m5t has /ripes ( blue & r$1 & ! upp] repres5ts a russet-col\r$ wooll5 /uff4 ,! "r h& blesses1 ! left has an op5 roll ) ! inscription %[n 9 ! plate1 8,?is is our ,god2 no o!r %all be comp>$ to ,him404#chh ,! figure betwe5 ! fir/ & second w9d[ is probably ,jonas1 z /ill rema9s on ! "r side ( ! head1 & !re is only room = ?ree lett]s on ! o!r side4 ,! und]g>m5t is a gre5i% blue ) silv] lights1 & has broad r$ /ripes4 ,! nimbus is blue4 ,ov] ! head ( ?is figure is f\nd ! remnant ( an inscription 4 ,?is may h belong$ to "o ( ! figures above1 ( :i* a s&al$ foot & edge ( a g>m5t alone rema94 ,! foot does n /& ^u gre5 e>?1 l ! prophets bel[1 & !re=e probably belong$ to an angel4 ,only a "p rema9s ( ! ?ird prophet f ! ea/1 :i* 0 inscrib$ ,habakkuk4#chi ,! mosaics on ! s(fite ( ! ea/]n ar* 7 cov]$ be=e draw+s 7 made4 ,at ! cr[n is a m$allion ) a :ite gr\nd4 ,9 ?is is a l[ ?rone ( gold1 ) two gre5 cu%ions ^u x2 ov] !m is ?r[n a blue clo? ) a :ite hem1 & ^u t is plac$ a gold5 book4 ,above is also a gold cross ) ?ree arms2 ! middle "o is ! longe/1 & at its int]section ) ! upright memb] is a circle4 ,on ! s\? face ( ?is ea/]n ar* is ! figure ( ,john ! ,bapti/1 ) long hair1 & a br[n %aggy g>m5t2 8 "r h& blesses1 & 8 left holds a cross ) ?ree arms4 ,opposite1 on ! nor? side is ! ,virg91 ) uplift$ h&s 9 ! attitude ( pray]4 ,%e has a :ite und]g>m5t1 b\nd ) a gold5 girdle1 a r$ upp] g>m5t1 & a veil ( a gre5-blue1 ) a gold hem4 ,"u h] is ,john ,palaeologus1 :o re/or$ ?is "p1 & to ^: "t ^! figures & designs c]ta9ly belong4 ,! emp]or we>s a cr[n1 ) /r+s ( pe>ls on ei!r side4 ,he has a closely fitt+ und]g>m5t ( gold1 decorat$ ) pe>ls & embroid]y4 ,a magnific5t cloak hangs d[n f ! left %\ld]1 & r\nd ! neck & brea/ is a k9d ( broad gorget ri*ly embroid]$4 ,9 8 "r h& is a sceptre1 & 9 8 left a roll4 ,! ar*angel on ! s\? side ( ! bema vault#cij has a globe 9 ! left h&1 & a /aff 9 ! "r4 ,he is clad 9 :ite1 ) imp]ial r$ %oes4 ,! ar* ( ! apse be>s an inscription1 :i* ends ) ! lett]s 4 ,on ! con* ( ! apse is ! ,"m ( ,god ^u a ?rone1 hold+ ! ,*ild betwe5 h] knees2 h] upp] g>m5t1 :i* is blue1 conceals ! :ole figure1 except t at ! brea/1 "u ! arm1 & above ! feet1 ! :ite & gold g>m5t b5ea? is visible4 ,! ,*ild has 8 "r h& uplift$ & 8 left aga9/ 8 brea/4 ,he we>s a :ite g>m5t1 ) a gold girdle4 ,8 hair falls d[n freely1 & ! nimbus has ?ree /reams ( light4 ,! ?rone is gold ) r$ ornam5ts1 b is )\t a back1 & ! foot/ool is ( gre5 silk4 ,9 ! dome p5d5tives are ,*]ubim ) six w+s4 ,ea* head is f\r feet two in*es high4 ,! upp] fea!rs ( ! w+s are a light gre51 & ! "u fea!rs br[n4#cia ,! great c5tre-piece ( ! dome1 :i*1 accord+ to ,du ,cange1 repres5t$ ,*ri/ z ,judge ( ! ,_w seat$ ^u a ra9b[1 no long] exi/s4 ,only "o ( ! domes ( ! gynaeceum pres]ves its mosaic ornam5t ( figures4 ,?is#cib repres5ts ! desc5t ( ! ,holy ,_s4 ,only a "p rema9s ( ! ?rone 9 ! c5tre2 on x is a gre5 cu%ion1 & a blue clo? ) gold patt]ns4 ,gr\ps ( spectators fill ! p5d5tives ( ! vault4 ,above ! doorway :i* leads f ! we/]n gynaeceum to ! *amb]s ov] ! s\? por*1 are rema9s ( figures1 :i* c no long] be id5tifi$4#cic ,9 ! ceil+ ( ! *amb] ov] ! /airway is a design ( gre5 t5drils on a gold gr\nd4#cid ,! small dome 9 ! *amb] :i* op5s out ( ! we/]n buttress ( ! s\? side on ! fir/-floor level has f\r angels ) uplift$ h&s1 support+ a m$allion 9 ! c5tre4 ,?is design is simil> to t 9 ! side *apel at ,s4 ,prass$e at ,rome4 8,! figure repres5tations belong to ! "t ( ,ju/9ian1 ?\gh ! ,sil5ti>y1 o!rwise s accurate1 does n describe !m40 99 99 99 99 99 ,fir/ ,s*eme4--,a read+ ( ,salz5b]g's notes on ! figure mosaics w %[ h[ little gr\nd !re 0 = 8 impression t ^! belong$ to ! "t ( ,ju/9ian1 :i* ! la/ s5t5ce expresses4 ,sev]al ( ^! mosaics are dat$ z be+ p>ts ( re/orations4 ,?us he %[s t ,basil ,i4 plac$ figures on ! ar* ( ! great we/]n hemicycle1 & t ^? ( ! great ea/]n ar* are ! "w ( ,palaeologus4 ,! subject has be5 mu* obscur$ by insecure assumptions & inexact ass]tions4 ,lab>te1 :o 0 "o ( ! fir/ to d\bt t ,ju/9ian 0 int5d$ by ! figure ( ! kneel+ emp]or be=e ,*ri/ ov] ! ,royal ,door1 ?\ght t ! ,sil5ti>y describ$ figure-mosaics z cov]+ ! int]ior4#cie ,g]spa* 9 ,la ,mosaque calls ! emp]or #8,ju/9ian' & appe>s to mi/ake ! ,p5teco/ cupola = ! great dome4 ,9 reg>d to ! date ( ! lunette conta9+ ! emp]or1 ,lab>te sugge/$ t x 0 a "w ( ! sev5? c5tury1 & t ! emp]or 0 ,h]aclius4#cif ,woltmann & ,wo]mann plac$ x /ill lat] & write1 8,!re is no k9d ( resemblance betwe5 ! be>dless portrait ( ,ju/9ian at ,rav5na & ?is be>d$1 gray-head$ man4 ,x is m likely to be ,basil ,i4 ! re/or] ( ! we/]n apse1 & ?is op9ion is support$ by ! m9iatures ( 8 "t40 ,! pilgrim ,an?ony seems to ref] to x z ,leo ! ,wise1 b ! ,russians ascribe s _m works to ?is emp]or )\t reason t ?is is inconclusive4 ,! =ms ( ! lett]s 9 ! inscriptions1 h[ev]1 %[ t ! mosaic is late4 ,bayet1#cig :o has consid]$ ! mosaics afre%1 & ?9ks ! sil5ce ( ,paulus is conclusive z to ! abs5ce ( figure-mosaics :5 ! poem 0 writt51 ab\t #efb1 himself seems to misread "s p>ts ( ! poet's description2 ?us he ?9ks patt]ns 9 mosaic are int5d$ 9 l9es #fjg-fab4 ,! animals ( ! atrium may possibly h be5 ( glass mosaic3 b we ?9k x m likely t inlaid m>ble l ! dolph9s ( ! int]ior 7,fig4 #di7 is int5d$4 ,! baskets ( fruit1 bran*es ) birds1 & ! gold5 v9e 9 ! *ur*1 spok5 ( 9 l9es #ffh1 c4 seem to ref] to ! c>v$ & gilt surfaces ( ! sp&rils ( ! arcade1 n to ! mosaic1 z ,bayet supposes4 ,! figure s*eme1 s f> z x c be trac$1 closely agrees ) ! ,byzant9e ,manual ( ,pa9t+3 & ! subjects & treatm5ts c be associat$ ) "w 9 o!r *ur*es ( ! n9? & t5? c5turies :i* h 9 sev]al cases almo/ id5tical designs4 ,altoge!r x may be d\bt$ if a s+le figure belongs to a "t ant]ior to ! iconocla/ic p]iod ( ! eigh? c5tury4 ,we believe ! orig9al s*eme ( decoration is be/ acc\nt$ = )\t figures1 & ev5 if ?is 7 n s1 we c h>dly believe t 9 ! ,patri>*al ,*ur* at ! door ( ! ,palace figures w\ld h la/$ ?r\gh ! reigns ( ! iconocla/ic emp]ors & patri>*s1 z !y may well h done 9 remot] *ur*es :]e ! cl]gy 7 on ! o!r side4 ,leo issu$ 8 fir/ decree aga9/ images 9 #gbf4 ,its purport 0 n1 z is (t5 /at$1 t pictures %\ld be hung high] 9 ! *ur*es 9 ord] t p %\ld n adore !m by kiss+3 8x comm&$ t !y %\ld be totally aboli%$40#cih ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gj4--,mosaic ( small ,vault ,comp>tm5t next ! ,bema4 ,x is well kn[n t a figure ( ,*ri/ ov] ! entrance to ! palace 0 de/roy$ by ,leo ! ,isaurian4 ,dr4 ,wal%1 :o 0 *apla9 to our embassy at ! ,porte ab\t #ahbj1 writes1 8,!re /ood till v lately 9 ,con/ant9ople an inscription ov] ! gate ( ! palace call$ ,*alces4 ,"u a l>ge cross sculptur$ ov] ! entrance to ! palace 7 ! foll[+ words3-- 8#8,! emp]or _c endure t ,*ri/ %\ld be repres5t$ 7graphes7 a mute & lifeless image grav5 on e>?ly mat]ials4 ,b ,leo & 8 "y son ,con/ant9e h at _! gates engrav$ ! ?rice-bless$ repres5tation ( ! cross1 ! glory ( believ+ mon>*s4'0#cii ,9 #gfh ,nicetas1 ! patri>* "u ,con/ant9e1 ,leo's son1 is said to h de/roy$ 8! images ( gold mosaic & wax encau/ic0 9 all ! *ur*es ( ,con/ant9ople4#djj ,& 9 ! life ( ,!ophilus we read1 8?r\gh\t e *ur* ! figures ( ! sa9ts 7 de/roy$1 & ! =ms ( bea/s & birds 7 pa9t$ 9 _! places40#dja ,x is q c]ta9 f ,procopius & ! poem ( ! ,sil5ti>y t ! vaults ( ,ju/9ian's *ur* 7 cov]$ ) mosaic4 ,!y bo? describe ! brilliance ( ! gold glitt]+ surface1 b d n m5tion any figures4 ,9 su* detail$ descriptions ?is sil5ce goes f> to %[ t !re 0 orig9ally no /ori$ s*eme ( imag]y1 l t :i* ! ,poet s fully trac$ out on ! curta9s & icono/asis4 ,x seems equally c]ta9 t :]e1 describ+ ! dome on ! /rong ar*es1 ov]hang+ ! int]ior l ! firmam5t :i* re/s on air1 he says1 8at ! highe/ po9t 0 depict$ 7epigraphe7 ! cross1 ,protector ( ! ,city10 we are to und]/& t a great cross 9 mosaic exp&$ its arms on ! z5i? ( ! dome1 & t ! backgr\nd 0 /rewn ) />s4 ,n[ ?is is a well-kn[n s*eme1 & x is f\nd at an e>li] date 9 ! *apel ( ,galla ,placidia at ,rav5na1 & lat] x is m5tion$ by ,porphyrog5itus 9 a description ( a dom$ ap>tm5t 9 ! palace4 ,! />s on ! dome are m ?an once ref]r$ to 9 ! poem 7page #cf71 & x is probable t ! surfaces betwe5 ! ribs z well z ! c5tral circle _h gold />s set 9 azure1 ! ribs be+ ( gold2 no?+ less w\ld seem to ju/ify 8! firmam5t ( ! ro( its r\nd$ expanse spr9kl$ ) ! />s ( heav540 ,x is evid5t t1 h[ev] easily figures & pictures might be add$ "h & !re at v>i\s dates1 ! *ur*1 be+ once incru/$ ) mosaic1 w\ld at no subsequ5t "t h _h ! enorm\s areas ( tess]ae remov$ to be aga9 r5ew$4 ,x foll[s t ! gr\nd1 & any patt]ns ev5ly di/ribut$ 9 e "p ( ! vaults1 are assur$ly ( ! fir/ "w4 ,fir/ among su* designs is a jewell$ cross ?irte5 feet high1 :i* is blazon$ on bo? gr\nd floor & gall]y vaults1 & :i* mu/ h be5 repeat$ "s twelve times twelve4 ,we give an outl9e ( "o ( ! smalle/ vault comp>tm5ts 9 ! *ur*1 ! irregul> space to ! ea/ directly s\? ( ! bema3 "h ?ree ( ! crosses c /ill be se5 ?r\gh ,fossati's col\r+1 _! int]lock+ arms spread+ ov] ! :ole field4 ,?is =m ( cross1 ) lob$ ends1 is f\nd set 9 a circle ( />s1 9 ! mosaic apsoid ( ,s4 ,apoll9>is 9 ,classe4 7,fig4 #gj47 ,a simil> argum5t applies to o!r =ms :i* occur ) equal frequ5cy4 ,a squ>e panel ( ornam5t :i* alt]nates ) ! crosses1 c]ta9 diap]s1 ! b&s up ! edges ( ! aisle vaults1 & ! small circles ea* conta9+ ! six-arm$ cross or monogram at ! c5tre ( ^! comp>tm5ts1 w\ld all seem to be p>ts ( ! orig9al "w1 & ^! simple elem5ts we believe =m$ ! fir/ s*eme ( decoration4 ,texi] figures a mosaic f ,salonica made up ( crosses4 ,! spl5did simplicity ( su* a s*eme seems entirely 9 h>mony ) ,s4 ,sophia1 = ev5 figures w\ld di/urb ! beauty ( ! expanse :i* at ea* movem5t glitt]s l a web ( gold5 mail sway$ by a breeze4 ,lat] ,mosaics4--,= ! mosaics display+ figures we ref] back to ,salz5b]g's description4 ,mu* fur!r in=mation might h be5 ga!r$ if he _h giv5 copies ( ! inscriptions :i* exi/1 9 h[ev] incomplete a /ate4 ,8 section 7,plate x47 %[s t a long inscription surr\nd$ ! ar* ( ! apse1 b 9 8 text he only gives ! la/ few lett]s 2 ?is possibly belong$ to ! words 1 8,set up aga910 & ! :ole may h conta9$ ! "n ( ! emp]or "u :om ?is re/oration 0 effect$4 7,see bel[1 p4 #bhg47 ,on ! great lunette ( ! wall ( ! s\? side also1 :]e ! ti]s ( sa9ts & prophets seem a "p ( a s*eme repres5t+ ! ,*ur* triumphant1 or a ,b5$icite1 two monograms occur 7see ,salz5b]g's ,plate ix472 only ! fir/1 :i* reads 1 is figur$ 9 ! text2 x is evid5tly a "p ( ! well-kn[n invocation1 #8,"l1 help1' :i* requires ! "n ( an emp]or or arti/ to complete x4 ,an inscription betwe5 ^! monograms is p>tly giv5 9 ! text2 & suppos+ x to be correctly r5d]$ ! :ole probably read 8,"l1 help0 7"n :o pa9t$ ?is wall7 8( ! ,immortal ,wisdom0 7) ! figures7 8( ! sa9ts04 ,! entire lat] s*eme ( ! mosaics mu/ h correspond$ closely to t 9 ! ,new ,*ur* 9 ! palace built by ,basil1 :i* is describ$ by ,porphyrog5itus4 ,"h1 at ! c5tre ( ! dome1 0 ! human =m ( ,*ri/ embrac+ ! :ole _w 9 ,8 reg>d2 bel[ 7 ranges ( angels4 ,9 ! apse 0 ! figure ( ! ,virg9 ) arms uplift$ 9 pray]1 8a *oir ( apo/les1 m>tyrs1 prophets & patri>*s fill$ ! o!r spaces ( ! :ole *ur*40 ,?is 9 turn resembles v closely ! iconography at ,s4 ,luke's4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ga4--,re/oration ( ,?rone at ,cr[n ( ,p5teco/ ,dome4 ,! foll[+ in/ances may be giv5 ( ! agreem5t ( ! mosaics at ,s4 ,sophia ) ! in/ructions ( ! ,pa9t]'s ,manual4 ,= example1 x directs t ov] ! door ( entrance f ! n>!x ,*ri/ be repres5t$ ?ron$1 hold+ ! ,gospel op5 at ! words1 8,i am ! ,door3 by me1 if any man ent] 91 he %all be sav$40 ,at ea* side ! ,virg9 & ! ,prodromos are to be repres5t$4 ,! figure to ,*ri/'s left at ,s4 ,sophia1 call$ ,mi*ael by ,salz5b]g1 ,grelot tells u 0 ! ,prodromos & he probably foll[$ ! traditional ascription1 al?\gh ! type seems to agree bett] ) an ar*angel4 ,aga91 8,inside ! ,sanctu>y at ! c5tre ( ! vaults draw ! ,virg9 seat$ on a ?rone hold+ ,*ri/ z a little *ild40#djb ,?is exactly describes ! apsoid mosaic at ,s4 ,sophia4 ,! cupola ( ! gynaeceum1 repres5t+ ! desc5t ( ! ,holy ,_s1 is also 9 close agreem5t ) ! directions giv5 9 ! ,manual3--8,! ,holy ,_s is se5 9 ! =m ( a dove1 twelve tongues ( fire g out f x & re/ on ! apo/les40 ,?is subject is treat$ at ,s4 ,luke's 9 a mann] almo/ id5tical to t at ,s4 ,sophia1 & x is also f\nd 9 a dome at ,s4 ,m>k's4 ,diehl 9 8 exam9ation ( ! mosaics at ,s4 ,luke's has po9t$ out t ! c5tral circle ( ! ,p5teco/ cupola at ,s4 ,sophia z %[n by ,salz5b]g 9 ,plate xxxi4 is q insuffici5t to h conta9$ ! figure ( ,*ri/ z %[n 9 ! re/oration giv5 on ,plate xxvi41 & t consequ5tly ! ,holy ,_s z a ,dove really occupi$ ?is position z at ,s4 ,luke's4 ,9 ,fig4 #ga we give an am5d$ re/oration ( ?is c5tre2 x w be se5 f ,salz5b]g's text t he _h no evid5ce = a figure4 ,! two angels above ! sanctu>y are describ$ by ,salz5b]g z be>+ lances or bann] poles2 ^! 7 d\btless surm\nt$ by ,flabella be>+ ! words z at ,s4 ,luke's & ,nicaea4#djc ,!re is a v simil> angel hold+ a flabellum ( ?is k9d 9 ! t5? c5tury ,m5ologium2 & ! words ,holy1 ,holy1 ,holy1 are direct$ to be put on flabella 9 ! manual4 ,aga9 ! ,manual says1 8,at ! summit ( ^! vaults 7op5+ f ! dome7 draw ! holy ,veil to ! ea/ & opposite to x ! holy ,cup40 ,n[ 9 ,grelot's view ( ! int]ior1 made :5 _m ( ! mosaics 7 /ill visible1 he %[s a l>ge squ>e mosaic at ! cr[n ( ! bema vault directly ov] ! alt>1 :i* he says 0 8! picture ( ,*ri/'s face ^u a napk9 call$ ,v]onica40 ,! repres5tation ( ! ?rone at ! c5tre ( ! s(fite ( ! ea/]n ar* 7see p4 #bgg7 is "o ( ! mo/ beautiful symbolisms ( ,byzant9e art4 ,at ,nicaea ! same design occurs 9 a simil> position on ! triumphal ar*1 & x is inscrib$ 4 ,?is 8,prep>ation ( ! ?rone0 ref]r$ to ! second com+ ( ,*ri/4 ,our figure repres5ts a ?rone ( ?is k9d :i* we (f] z an illu/ration ( t at ,s4 ,sophia2 x is bas$ on a ?rone inscrib$ :i* appe>s on ! cov] ( a ,byzant9e ,gospel book at ,s4 ,m>k's4#djd ,! small dome ( ! little *apel on ! fir/ floor1 ,salz5b]g says1 resembles a dome at ,s4 ,prass$e4 ,! latt] is a "w ( ! n9? c5tury4#dje ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gb4--,re/oration ,?rone at ,cr[n ( ,great ,e4 ,ar*4 ,salz5b]g's description seems to acc\nt = all ! figur$ mosaics m5tion$ by ,grelot 7#afhj7 except ! 8,v]onica ov] ! sanctu>y40 ,:5 ,grelot made 8 draw+ !re 0 no figure at ! cr[n ( ! dome b only ! b&s ris+ to ! c5tral wrea?4 ,clavijo h[ev] writes1 8,! vault ( ! squ>e is cov]$ ) v ri* mosaic "w1 & 9 ! middle ( ! vault high ov] ! great alt> ! image ( ,god ! ,fa!r v l>ge is wr\ght 9 mosaics ( _m col\rs2 b x is s high up t x only looks ! size ( a man or a little l>g] ?\gh really x is s big t x measures ?ree palmos betwe5 ! eyes40 ,?is mu/ be ! ,pantocrator ( ! ,manual--8draw ne> ! summit ( ! cupola a circle ( diff]5t col\rs l a ra9b[ se5 on cl\ds 9 ra9y wea!r4 ,9 ! c5tre repres5t ,*ri/ ) ! ,gospel & ?is inscription1 ,jesus ,*ri/1 ! ,almighty40 ,s9ce ! above has be5 9 type we h f\nd a pamphlet publi%$ by ! bro!rs ,fossati 9 #ahij1djf describ+ a collection ( draw+s ( ,s4 ,sophia1 %[n by !m at ,milan4 ,f ?is we ga!r ! foll[+ additional p>ticul>s ( ! mosaic subjects4--,ov] ! door ( ! s\? por* 80 a rem>kable mosaic repres5t+ ! ,virg9 & ,*ild1 to :om ,ju/9ian pres5ts ! ,*ur* & ,con/ant9e ! ,city40--,a repres5tation ( ,*ri/1 ! ,virg91 & ,s4 ,john1 =m+ ! ,trimorphion 7,pantocrator1 ,panto*rante1 ,pantepopte47--,two gr\ps ( ! ,fa!rs ( ! ,*ur*1 ?irte5 altoge!r3 ,ignatius ,oneos1 ,me?odius1 ,ignatius ,!ophorus1 ,gregory ,?aumaturgus1 ,john ,*ryso/om1 ,cyril1 & ,a?anasius4 ,^! mu/ occupy ! sev5 recesses on ! nor? w9d[-wall1 z ! six o!rs agree ) ^? giv5 by ,salz5b]g on ! s\? side4--,! ,pantocrator on a ?rone 8 suppos$ c5tre ( ,p5teco/ dome4--,john ,palaeologus 8 ) ! ,virg9 on nor? side ( great ea/ ar*1 p4 #bgh4--;,john ,comn5us & ,ir5e ) ! ,virg9 betwe5 !m4--,con/ant9e ,,xi4 & ,zoe ) ,*ri/ betwe5 !m4--,alexius ,comn5us ,x4 or ,,xi4--,alex&]1 ! bro!r ( ,leo "s ( ^! also 7 d\btless on ! great ea/ & we/ ar*es4--,?ree ,virg9s4--,s4 ,john ) six apo/les surr\nd$ by *]ubim 8 9 high] "p ( "o ( ! w9d[-walls1 p4 #bgg4--,prophets 8 ( w9d[-wall1 p4 #bgf4--;,a circle ) colossal ,pantocrator 8 ! de/roy$ c5tre ( ! great dome4--,diff]5t emblems ) ,greek & ,lat9 descriptions4 ,besides ^!1 a draw+ ( ,*]ubim 8sav$ f ! ,atrium ,portico0 is m5tion$2 & ! inscription on ! ar* 9 front ( ! apse is giv5 z foll[s1 & may be comp>$ ) ,salz5b]g's ,plate x43-- 4 ,! e>lie/ description ( ! mosaics ent]+ into any p>ticul>s is t ( ,dr4 ,covel's ,,ms4 #afgj-g 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 8,9 ^? cupolas ( gynaeceum are imag]y ( ,sa9ts & ! /ory ( ! ,bible :i* ! ,turks h 9 _m places q defac$ & pla/]$ !m all ov]2 9 o!r places only scrat*$ out or disfigur$ _! faces z ! *]ubims 9 ! corn]s "u ! great dome40 ,he !n ent]s into details ( ! p5teco/ dome :i* 0 ! only figur$ vault entire2 & !n describes mosaics 9 ! we/]n gall]y n o!rwise m5tion$4 8,9 ! sides ( ! second w9d[ f ! s\?1 is ,*ri/ com+ up f ,jordan & ! ,desc5t ( ! ,holy ,gho/ ) ^! words1 ,matt4 iii41 #ag3--1 c41 on "o side & ov] aga9/ x1 ,*ri/ betwe5 ,moses & ,elias ) ^! words1 ,matt4 xvii41 #e3--1 c40 ,! w9d[ jambs ( ! we/]n gall]y are n[ pla/]$1 x is probable t a s]ies ( mosaics ( ! life ( ,*ri/ cov]$ !m4 ,up to #ahdj e visitor seems to h be5 (f]$ tess]ae1 :i* = bett] assurance 7 brok5 out be=e 8 eyes4 ,! ,italian ,,ms4 ( #afaa also 9 ! ,briti% ,museum 7,h>l4 #cdjh71 aft] say+ t ! walls ( ! *ur* 7 l9$ ) m>ble adds1 8! por* z well1 except t ?is is all work$ 9 mosaic ) gr[+ leaves ( great beauty d[n to ! pavem5t ( ! por*40#djg ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gc4--,mosaic ,tess]ae1 actual size4 ,signor ,boni has notic$ t "s ( ! gold tess]ae at ,p>5zo are ins]t$ at an angle ( #cj to ! plane ( ! wall1 s z to be normal to ! l9e ( vision1 j z ,salz5b]g describes at ,s4 ,sophia2 ! same ?+ occurs at ! ,dome ( ! ,rock4 ,?is1 besides sav+ ! mat]ial1 aid$ 9 fla%+ ! light1 a prop]ty ( ! gold tess]ae :i* 0 mu* valu$1 z sev]al inscriptions f ! mosaics %[4#djh ,9 ,s4 ,m>ia 9 ,domnica1 ! apse--8,nunc rutilat jugit] v>iis decorata metallis10 aga9 9 ,s4 ,m>ia 9 ,tra/ev]e ! vault 8div9i rutilat fulgore decoris10 & at ,s4 ,paulo fuori le ,mura ! mosaic--8fulget fulg5te decore40 ,we h exam9$ a h&ful ( gold tess]ae f ,s4 ,sophia ?r\gh ! k9dness ( ,mr4 ,james ,p[ell4 ,! cubes av]age a qu>t] ( an in* 9 size1 ! glass is yell[i%1 slightly ame?y/ or d>k gre54 ,! surface lay] equals /\t pap] 9 ?ickness4 ,at ! back ( ! tess]ae a du/y r$ appe>s1 :i* "u a glass proves to be ( p[d]$ tile4 ,?is r\gh5s & adh]es to ! surface ( ! glass1 :i* 0 evid5tly s&$ ) ! p[d] :ile 9 a molt5 /ate1 & ( c\rse be=e x 0 brok5 into morsels4 ,! fir/ purpose ( ?is )\t d\bt 0 to increase ! hold ( ! cubes to ! cem5t+ mat]ial1 b ! r$d5+--almo/ l a coat ( v]milion pa9t--may probably h assi/$ ! gold to %[ out bett] ?an if ! tess]ae _h be5 fix$ )\t x into ! p]fectly :ite /ucco :i* =ms ! b$4 ,! cem5t+ mat]ial 0 an in* or m 9 ?ickness1 =m$ ( lime ) brok5 re$ = b9d+1 & a consid]able am\nt ( cru%$ :ite m>ble1 9 ! "p next ! mosaic at lea/4 #c4 ,,glass1 ,,pla/] ,,& ,,pa9t+4 ,! ,romans probably l>gely us$ col\r$ glass = w9d[s4 ,! lattices 7 sometimes bronze or ?9 slabs ( m>ble pi]c$ into a patt]n4#dji ,sidonius 7 #dhd71 describ+ ! basilica ( ,t\rs1 cle>ly m5tions ! patt]n$ w9d[s ( gre5 & sapphire glass4#daj ,x has be5 sugge/$ t "s ( ! w9d[s at ,s4 ,sophia 7 fill$ ) glass ( brilliant col\r4 ,!ophilus1 9 8 preface to ! section ( 8 "w deal+ ) col\r$ glass1 says1 8,i h approa*$ ! atrium ( ,holy ,sophia1 & beheld ! *ancel fill$ ) e v>iety ( div]s col\rs40 ,he proce$s to describe w9d[s ( pa9t$ glass 9 :i* ! pieces are unit$ by leads3 b assur$ly1 if col\r$ w9d[s did exi/ 9 ! apse ( ,s4 ,sophia1 ! glass 0 ins]t$ 9 pi]c$ m>ble1 l ! pla/] lattices ( ! ,ori5tals4 ,beautiful w9d[s ( brilliant-hu$ glass exi/ 9 ! mosques & turbehs4 ,! ,arab lattices %[ u :at beautiful mosaics ( jewels may be =m$ 9 ?is way2 ! s+ul> *>m ( !m is ! spread+ & bl5d+ ( ! col\rs1 by reflection f ! sides ( ! ?ick divid+ b>s2 lumps ( cry/al seem to h be5 us$ occasionally 9 place ( glass4 ,mo/ beautiful #8braid$' ,byzant9e lattices ( m>ble are to be f\nd at ,s4 ,m>k's :i* w\ld be well *>act]is$ z :i* accord+ to ,l5oir 0 ! "n ( ^! w9d[s4 ,if col\r$ glass 0 us$ 9 ,s4 ,sophia1 we ?9k x c only h be5 9 small w9d[s ( ?is k9d 9 ! apse & con*s4 ,lab>te ?\ght1 f ! descriptions ( ,procopius & ,paulus1 t ! w9d[s 7 ( :ite glass :i* all[$ ! rays ( ! sun to %9e ?r\gh unalt]$4 ,x is h>dly possible to conceive ( ! great w9d[s be+ ( any?+ else ?an :ite glass4 ,a fragm5t ( 8anci5t cry/all9e0 glass f ,s4 ,sophia 0 exhibit$ at ! ,society ( ,antiqu>ies 9 #ahgf4 ,x is describ$ z only 8"o sixte5? ( an in* ?ick1 & ne>ly col\rless except = iridesc5ce40 ,grelot rem>k$ t ! pla9 glaz+ 0 8( r\nd panes set 9 pla/]10 b ?is mu/ ref] to ! gradual fill+ r\nd ( ! panes by repairs1 z may at pres5t be se5 9 ! bapti/]y w9d[s2 al?\gh circul> panes 9 a pla/] sett+ 7 mu* us$ 9 ,byzant9e "w1 ! glass be+ spun 9 sep>ate discs ( slightly v>y+ sizes 0 ins]t$ 9 m>ble or pla/] slabs 9 diff]5t comb9ations4 ,w9d[s ( ?is k9d rema9$ 9 ! apse ( ! ,!otokos *ur* tw5ty ye>s ago4 ,dr4 ,covel is precise z to ,s4 ,sophia 9 #afgf2 he says ! w9d[s 7 8cut out ( entire /one into qu>ries exactly squ>e10 #aj by #ab or #ad in*es4 8,9 ! fir/ w9d[ ( ! we/ gall]y 7com+ 9 on ! s\? side71 are sev]al pieces ( :ite transp>5t /one :i* ,i take to be ,indian alaba/]40 99 99 99 99 99 ,modell$ /ucco "w 0 mu* us$ by late ,greek1 ,roman1 & ,byzant9e build]s4 ,paul9us tells u t at ,nola 8a cornice ( gypsum0 sep>at$ ! mosaic & m>ble ( ! apse4 ,a l>ge numb] ( examples f ! f\r? to ! six? c5tury are f\nd 9 ,rome1 ,p>5zo1 & ,rav5na4 8,ab\t ! middle ( ! fif? c5tury ,galla ,placidia built ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,croce 9 ,rav5na #8( v preci\s /ones1 & ) /ucco 7gypsea7 modell$ ) ! tool' 7,agnellus4 ,lib4 ,pontif4 i4 #bhc74 ,decorative /uccoes 9 ! apse ( ,s4 ,ambrose at ,milan 7 de/roy$ ?irty ye>s ago1 z !y 7 suppos$ to be #8,b>oque4' ,d>te9 analys$ ! mat]ial & f\nd t x conta9$ #he p] c5t4 ( pla/] 7gesso71 a little lime1 s& & brick-du/ or pozzolana40 8,! ri* decoration ( ! ,*apel ( ,s4 ,m>ia at ,cividale 7eigh? to t5? c5tury71 & ! ,arab-,norman modell$ /uccoes ( ,sicily %[ t ! traditions ( ?is k9d ( ornam5t 7 n lo/ at a lat] "t40#daa ,9 ! *ur*es ( ,greece ?is mat]ial is l>gely us$1 & its application 9 ,arab "w 0 due to ,byzant9e example4 ,at ,s4 ,sophia an ornam5tal pla/] frieze runs along bo? sides ( ! s\? por*3 ?is is a scroll ?r[+ out acan?us leaves & fruits l poppy se$-vessels4 ,! backgr\nd is col\r$ blue4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gd4--,pla/] ,friezes ( ,gynaeceum4 ,! flat frieze-l cornice ( ! fir/ floor ornam5t$ ) two patt]ns ( leafage appe>s to u to be ( /ucco2 we figure ^! "h1 b we h n be5 able to v]ify ! mat]ial4 ,if ( /ucco1 z we suppose1 x is ca/ or /amp$ 9 small squ>e panels z %[n3 c]ta9ly "s ( ! ,byzant9e pla/]-"w1 z = in/ance t =m+ ! cornice ( ! apse at ,s4 ,apoll9>e 9 ,classe1 0 ca/ 9 %ort sections & !n appli$4 ,! blue backgr\nd ( ! pla/]$ frieze j m5tion$ may rem9d u ( ! decoration ( ! beam above ! columns ( ! ambo ) gold ivy leaves on a backgr\nd col\r$ ultram>9e z describ$ by ! poet4 7,! spade-l leaves :i* occur 9 sev]al places 9 ! mosaic mu/ be ivy47 ,?is decoration ( gold & 8sapphire0 seems to h be5 g5]al 9 ,byzant9e "w4 ,! sculptur$ beam ( ! icono/asis at ,/4 ,luke's has ! blue backgr\nd ne>ly intact1 & "h & !re ! gold is visible 7,diehl1 p4 #bf74 ,traces ( ! blue gr\nd may also be notic$ 9 ! sculptures ( ,mone tes ,*oras at ,con/ant9ople4 ,! not*$ fillet1 :i* sep>ates ! m>ble panels 9 ,s4 ,sophia1 is us$ s ext5sively at ,v5ice t ,mr4 ,rusk9 call$ x ! ,v5etian d5til2 ! complete int5tion ( ?is fillet1 he writes1 is n[ only to be se5 9 pictures1 8= l mo/ ( ! re/ ( ! m\ld+s ( ,v5etian build+s x 0 always ei!r gild$ or pa9t$--(t5 bo?1 gold be+ laid on ! faces ( ! d5tils & ! recesses col\r$ alt]nately r$ & blue40#dab ,x is cle> f ,paulus t at ,s4 ,sophia ! sculptur$ capitals 7 all gilt 7,"p ,,ii41 l9es #abi & #bdd71 z app>5tly 7 also ! c>v$ surfaces fill+ ! sp&rils ( ! l[] arcade 7l9e #bcf74 ,! r$ col\r+ :i* ,salz5b]g notices 0 probably ! prep>ation = ! gold4 ,x is ?us almo/ c]ta9 t ! not*$ fillets & c>v$ frames ( :ite m>ble surr\nd+ ! m>ble wall panels 7 gilt1 z ! ,anonym\s says1 & col\r$1 ?us reflect+ z x 7 f ! wall surfaces ! bright] hues ( ! mosaic vaults4 #d4 ,,monograms ,,& ,,inscriptions4 ,! poet ,paulus speaks ( ! icono/asis z be>+ ! names ( ! emp]or & empress1 comb9$ 9 a monogram--8"o lett] t means _m words40 ,su* ciph]s or monograms _h be5 9 use = "s c5turies1 & at ! end ( ! fif? c5tury !y 7 us$ z signatures 9 discs left 9 ! capitals4 ,!y appe> at ,rav5na 9 ! "t ( ,!odoric2 &1 9 ,con/ant9ople1 ,s4 ,sophia1 ,s4 ,s]gius1 & ,s4 ,ir5e display simil> ciph]s ( ,ju/9ian4 ,at ,s4 ,sophia almo/ e capital is *>g$ ) two monograms :i* are c>v$ on ! bosses on opposite sides ( ! capitals4 ,! backgr\nd is entirely holl[$ away1 & ! monograms %[ %>p & cle> 9 ! ne/-l cup :i* is held by ! s]rat$ edges ( ! acan?us leafage4 ,!re are f\r or five ma9 v>ieties ( :i* ,salz5b]g some:at inaccurately figures two )\t (f]+ any explanation4 ,! fir/ type appe>s on two or ?ree ( ! co9s ( ,ju/9ian1 ( :i* we h figur$ an example at l>ge on ! title-page1 & 9 ^! in/ances !y h be5 deciph]$ by ,sabati] z ! monogram ( t emp]or4 ,a c]amic inscription giv5 9 ! ,revue ,ar*ologique = #ahgf1 repeats ! same =m4 ,we _h made out t ! second v>iety 0 probably ! ^w ,basileos1 :51 at ,con/ant9ople1 we 7 ref]r$ to ! pap] by ,canon ,curtis & ,m4 ,ari/>*es4#dac ,9 ?is article ! monograms are classifi$ accord+ to _! ma9 types & ! :ole s]ies is figur$4 ,al?\gh ! figures are small1 ?is is a ?or\ghly good piece ( "w1 9 ! result obta9+ _m pairs read+ ,ju/9ian1 ,basileos1 o!r pairs ) ,!odora ,augu/a1 & "o ) a date4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ge4--,monograms on ,capitals ( ,nave4 ,! capitals ( ! sixte5 great columns ( ! nave1 ! capitals ( ! l[] side aisles--) ! exception ( ^? on ! eight squ>e columns1--& ! ?irty-six columns on ! floor above1 :i* scre5 ! side gynaecea f ! nave1 be> monograms4 ,we 7 =tunately able to exam9e & draw all ( !m1 b give 9 ,fig4 #ge only ^? on ! back & front ( ! sixte5 great columns ( ! nave4 ,!y occur 9 ! ord] 9 :i* !y are plac$ on ! illu/ration f ! fir/ column on ! left 7nor?7 side on ent]+ at ! we/1 to ! correspond+ "o on ! s\? side4#dad ,_m ( ^? monograms1 especially ^? ( ! gall]ies1 be> evid5ce ( hav+ be5 re/or$4 ,we may recollect t ! capitals 7 said to h be5 re/or$ by ,romanus 7p4 #abc74 ,x is possible t ,fossati tamp]$ ) !m2 ! ,italian ,,ms4 ( #afaa 9 ! ,briti% ,museum /ates t 8! ,turks h de/roy$ "s figures :i* 7 anci5tly c>v$ 7intagli>si7 on ! capitals40 ,!re are fifty-six examples on ! capitals :i* ,curtis & ,ari/>*es give z be+ monograms ( ,ju/9ian2 9 all ^! ! lett] =ms ! ma9 l9es1 to :i* additions are made1 s t ! lett]s c be trac$ out4 ,"s ( ^! h crosses 9 addition4 ,! next monogram is t read 4 ,x occurs 9 all on fifty-five columns1 ! examples ( x 9 our illu/ration are ,b4#a1 ,e4#b1 ,h4#a1 ,p4#a1 ,c4#b1 ,p4#a1 ,g4#b1 ,j4#b1 ,l4#b1 ,n4#b1 ,q4#b1 ! remnant ( ,k4#a1 %[s t ?is 0 simil>4 ,?is monogram is f\nd also on ! capitals ( ,s4 ,s]gius & ,bac*us1 & on ?ree beautiful ,basket ,capitals at ,s4 ,m>k's4#dae ,sev]al ( ! fifty-six1 class$ toge!r z ,ju/9ian1 furni% v>ieties f ! cle>e/ typical =m4 ,9 "s a lett] appe>s :i* may be read ei!r z or 1 also an & a sign ( contraction3 see ,m4#a & ,o4#a2 possibly ?is is a comb9ation ( ,ju/9ian & ,basileos or only a v>iant spell+3 ?is =m occurs 9 ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,s]gius z well z at ,s4 ,sophia4 ,on twelve capitals is c>v$ ! monogram 4 ,?is is ei!r design$ on ! cross =m z ,b4#b ,f4#a1 ano!r 9 ! side aisles1 & ?ree 9 ! gynaeceum above1 or else z 9 ,e4#b x approximates to ,basileos4 ,two ( ?is latt] type also occur 9 ,s4 ,s]gius1 :i* %[s h[ e>ly ,ju/9ian associat$ 8 wife ) him 9 8 ar*itectural lab\rs4 ,f9ally f ,s4 ,sophia1 & f !re only1 we h twelve examples ( 4 ,typical ones are %[n 9 ,g4#a1 & ,a4#a-;,a4#b2 possibly "s ( ^!1 z ,a4#a1 may h be5 read ,augu/us1 if any c>e 0 tak5 9 _! di/ribution4 ,! lett]s on ! la/ capital ,q4#a h be5 read by ,curtis & ,ari/>*es z 4 ,!y take to be a capital =m ( ! obsolete lett] :i* is us$ = #f or #f1jjj1 is z usual #dj1 & is #b4 ,h5ce !y get #fjdb = ! ye> ( ! _w4 ,! l[] is !n expla9$ z ! ye> ( an ,indiction1 read+ x z 1 or #ab4 ,"o ,indiction p]iod ( fifte5 ye>s w\ld h end$ 9 #ebb ,a4,d41 & ! twelf? ye> f t w\ld be #ecd ,a4,d4 equall+ #fjdb ,a4,m4 ,!re=e ?is gives a date1 two ye>s aft] ! *ur* 0 begun1 :5 !y sugge/ t ?is capital 0 put 9 its place4 ,?is +5i\s explanation requires too mu* adju/m5t = x to be conclusive1 & ! =m is at lea/ unusual4 ,?is monogram looks v :ite1 z if x _h be5 made up 9 pla/]2 if we 7 assur$ z to h[ mu* is anci5t we might p]haps1 if x prov$ diff]5t f ! o!rs1 f9d "h ! ins]t$ monogram ( a lat] emp]or :o made repairs4 ,salz5b]g gives "s monogram signatures f ! closures "u ! great we/ w9d[1 :i* are c>efully c>v$ & entirely diff]5t f r\gh masons' m>ks1 al?\gh "s ( ! =ms occur among/ ^?4 ,we 7 unable to exam9e !m1 & tak+ ,salz5b]g's repres5tation1 we c only sugge/ t !y may be ! signatures ( ma/]-work]s2 "o appe>s to be ,phocas4 ,m4 ,*oisy#daf has inve/igat$ ! masons' m>ks ( ,s4 ,sophia2 besides ! ord9>y signs1 he makes out a sy/em ( numb]+ 9 ! pavem5t slabs ( ! gall]ies4 ,/rzyg[ski#dag pursues ! subject ( ,byzant9e m>ks 9 g5]al1 mu* fur!r4 ,he po9ts out ! same signs on ! columns ( ,s4 ,vitale1 ( ,pomposa1 & ( ,p>5zo1 & 9 ! ci/]n ,b9-,bir-direk at ,con/ant9ople4 ,f ?is we ga!r t n only 8! columns ( ,rav5na1 b also ! simil> ar*itectural features ( ,con/ant9ople1 ,salonica1 ,p>5zo1 9 fact along ! :ole coa/ ( ! ,m$it]ranean0 7 tak5 f ! qu>ries ( ,proconnesus1 & 9 ! lett]+ on ! diff]5t memb]s we c recognise ! work+ signs ( ! qu>rym5 or masons belong+ to ! guild1 :i* sprang into exi/5ce !re at ! f\nd+ ( ,new ,rome1 & :i* ev5 z e>ly z ! end ( ! f\r? c5tury 0 export+ to ! isl&s ( ! gean4 ,a few o!r inscriptions on ! m>ble may be briefly notic$4 ,on ! inn] bord] ( ! m>ble p>apet ( ! nor? gall]y is scrat*$1 8,place ( ! mo/ noble ,patrician ,lady ,!odora10 end+ ) an abbreviation t may mean ,s4 ,sophia1#dah & aga9 on a panel ( ! p>apet ( ! nor? gall]y at ! we/ end is se51 8,timo?y1 keep] ( ! vessels40 ,cotel] 9 8 ,monum5ta ,ecclesiae ,graecae f9ds m5tion ( "o ,timo?y1 :o 0 skeuophylax ( ! ,great ,*ur* at ! "t ( ! ,mono!lite h]esies ab\t #fbb4dai ,on a column 9 ! s\!rn gynaeceum occurs ! ^w ,teodorus1 b ! fact t x is spelt ) ! ,lat9 ,t & ,d proves x to h be5 writt5 dur+ ! ,we/]n supremacy1 #abjd-abfa4 ,9 ! s\? gall]y is a slab =m+ a "p ( ! pav+2 8m>ks 9 ! face ( :i* seem to sugge/ t a rail+ inclos$ ! space )9 :i* a s>cophagus us$ to /&1 support$ by pill>s40 ,?is is inscrib$ ) ! "n ( ! bl9d ,doge :o l$ ! ,v5etians aga9/ ,con/ant9ople 9 #abjd1 & di$ ! foll[+ ye>1 8,,h5ricus ,,d&olo40 ,,note ,! foll[+ additional inscription f ! mosaics is giv5 9 ,cl>ke's ,travels 7#ahab74 ,x 0 tak51 he says1 9 "o place1 8f ! ceil+ ( ! dome10 b 9 ano!r place he seems to associate x ) ! ea/w>d semidomes3-- 44444 444444 ,,index ,a ,abdul ,mesjid1 re/oration by1 #adh ,acacius1 ,s41 *ur* (1 #abi ,acan?us1 #df1 #aff1 #afg1 #bed1 #beg1 #bfa1 #bfc ,acropolis1 #a1 #b1 #g1 #aj1 #aa1 #ab1 #ag ,additions to *ur*1 #aed1 #aee ,adoration ( ,cross1 #ih ,aga?ias 7#f? c471 #cj1 #cc1 #aei1 #bjd1 #bab1 #bad ,aga?o ! ,deacon1 #ahb ,agora ( ,milion1 #agi1 #aha ,aisles1 #bg1 #dc1 #dd1 #aea2 lamps 91 #ea2 m>ble1 #aga1 #bdc2 mosaics1 #bdg2 vault+1 #afj1 #bbj1 #bba ,aix1 #aaf1 #aib ,akoimetoi lamps1 #aah ,alex&ria1 #f1 #bdi2 capital ( ,s4 ,m>k's at1 #bee ,alexius1 ,s41 #aha ,comn5us 7#ajha71 #ajj1 #aje1 #aha ,alt>1 #af1 #bi1 #dh1 #fh1 #fi1 #ajj2 cross plac$ on1 #ib2 clo?1 #ga4 ,see also ,holy ,table ,ambo1 #ah1 #bi1 #ec1 #eg1 #id1 #ih1 #abd1 #acj1 #aci1 #adj2 c&elabra r\nd1 #aaa1 #aah2 s+]s 91 #gi1 #ajd2 coronations 91 #fa1 #fc ,ami5s1 ,knight (2 see ,rob]t de ,cl>i ,amura? ,,iii41 #abg ,ana/asia1 ,s41 *ur* (1 #ba ,ana/asius1 #aaf1 #aag1 #aai ,ancyra1 *ur* at1 #bjc ,&reossy1 #bcb ,&ronicus1 ,s41 #abi ,palaeologus1 #abd1 #aeb ,anemodulion1 #agh ,anna ,comn5a 7#ab? c471 #ahc1 #ahf ,anna1 ,empress1 #abd ,annulets r\nd %afts1 #bei1 #bgc ,anonym\s ,au?or 7#ab? c4 871 #bd1 #bf1 #bh1 #cj1 #cf1 #dc1 #bjd1 #bdh1 #bgj ,an!mius1 #bd1 #bf1 #bh1 #cj1 #cf1 #dc1 #bjd1 #bdh1 #bgj ,an?ony ( ,novgorod2 see ,novgorod ,antio*1 #f1 #ag1 #dd1 #aha1 #bjc ,antux1 #cg1 #da1 #dc1 #de1 #dg1 #di1 #eg ,apoll9>is1 ,s41 #beh1 #bhc ,apo/les1 *ur* (1 #ad1 #ae1 #ah1 #gd1 #he1 #bje ,apse1 #ai1 #bb1 #bd1 #bi1 #cb1 #cg1 #fg1 #fi1 #acb1 #aej1 #baf ,apsides1 #be1 #bh1 #cj1 #da1 #dc1 #acc1 #ahj1 #ahb ,apsoid1 #bb1 #be1 #bji1 #baj ,arcadius 7#cie71 #af1 #ahj2 ba?s (1 #aa2 ci/]n1 #beg ,ar*1 #baj1 #bac2 we/]n re/or$1 #abc2 =ms1 #bbj ,ar*itraves1 m>ble1 #ach2 bronze1 #bfd ,arculf 7#g? c471 #ib1 #ie1 #ih ,ark ( ,noah1 #aji1 #ach1 #adg ,arrises ( vaults1 #bdd ,ars5ius1 #hf1 #aji1 #abd ,asbe/os1 #bg1 #acb1 #acf1 #bca ,a?os1 ,mt41 #ih1 #aae1 #aah1 #aai1 #ahi1 #bbg ,atrax1 m>ble1 #de1 #bcf ,atrium1 #ah1 #dd1 #abb1 #adh1 #aeb1 #ahb1 #ahe1 #aia1 #bae2 capitals (1 #aff ,attaliotas 7#aa? c471 #fg ,augu/eum1 #d1 #i1 #aj1 #ab1 #bj1 #ada1 #adf1 #agc1 #agh1 #ahj1 #ahd1 #ahf2 /eps (1 #fe1 #ie ,aule1 #dd1 #de1 #ahh ,b ,baalbec1 #bja ,baldw91 ,i41 #abd2 ,,ii41 #ajj ,b&uri1 #g1 #aj1 #age1 #aij ,baptism ( ,*ri/1 #dd1 #ajf1 #ahc2 ( ,emp]ors1 #aaj1 #ahc ,bapti/]y1 #ah1 #ai1 #bj1 #ha1 #ajf1 #acb1 #aeb1 #aee1 #ahc1 #bji1 #bag ,b>ley 9 concrete1 #acb ,base ( dome1 #baj1 #bad ,bases1 #afe1 #beh1 #bfj ,basil1 ,s41 #aca1 #adc1 #bgf2 ,i4 ,emp]or 7#hfg71 #aaa1 #abc1 #age1 #ahb1 #bgi2 *ur* built by1 #fh1 #gj1 #ij1 #adc1 #ahi ,basil ,,ii4 7#igf71 #hi2 see "u ,m5ologium ,beams ) lamps1 #ej1 #aaa ,beautiful ,gate1 #fg1 #ie1 #ahb ,belfry1 #abb1 #aid1 #bae ,bells1 #ajf1 #aej1 #aid ,bema1 #ah1 #cg1 #fb1 #fc1 #fe1 #fg1 #gh1 #id2 view (1 #fi2 re/or$1 #abd2 walls (1 #aga1 #bdb2 see also ,?usia/]ion ,b5jam9 ( ,tudela1 #hc1 #aac1 #agh ,b]tr&on de la ,brocquire1 #ib1 #aaj1 #abe1 #aic ,be?lehem1 *ur* (1 #hc1 #ahb1 #bdj2 built by ,ju/9ian1 #ag ,b9 ,bir ,direk1 ci/]n1 #bdh ,bi%op's ?rone1 #fh1 #gi ,bla*]nae palace1 #aa1 #abc ,bless+ ! wat]1 #aaj1 #aib ,bondelmontius1 #abe1 #age1 #agg1 #agi1 #ahf1 #aic ,bosporus1 /one (1 #df1 #ef1 #gi1 #bcg ,bosra1 #ij1 #bjd ,b\coleon palace1 #ii ,bricks1 #aee1 #afa1 #aii1 #bbd1 #bbf1 #bcd2 size (1 #aee2 inscriptions on1 #acf1 #aef1 #bjg ,bronze1 #agb1 #ahj1 #ahi1 #bfd1 #bgb2 hooks1 #hf1 #aji1 #bfd1 #bgc2 panels1 #afh1 #agj1 #bfe2 r+s1 #ef1 #fj1 #afd1 #bei2 horses at ,v5ice1 #aic ,bru9 ,code 7#agjj71 #aif ,bury1 #g1 #ab1 #bjj ,buttress1 #aej1 #aeg1 #baj1 #baf1 #bai1 #bbf ,buzantios1 #g1 #ahc1 #bfd ,byeljayev1 #h1 #agg ,c ,cam]>um rotator1 #bjf1 #bjg ,c&elabra1 #fj1 #gd1 #hj1 #ajc1 #aai ,c&les on ciborium1 #dh1 #gb ,cantacuz5us 7#acda71 #fb1 #fe1 #abd ,cant]bury1 #ai ,can?>us1 #hd1 #ahi ,capitals1 #cg1 #dc1 #df1 #ee1 #acg1 #afd1 #ahh1 #bah2 di/ribution (1 #bee2 types1 #bej1 #bed ,c>pets1 #ha1 #ij1 #ajb1 #ahc ,c>y/us1 m>ble (1 #de1 #bcg ,cassiodorus1 #bjf ,cate*um5a1 #fe1 #ij1 #id1 #ace ,c$r5us 7#aa? c471 #ac1 #ad1 #af1 #ii1 #aeg1 #ahj1 #baj ,cells ( cl]gy1 #adj1 #ahf1 #bag ,celtic m>ble1 #de1 #bcg ,cem5ts1 #bca1 #bhi ,c]emonies1 book ( 7#aj? c471 #g1 #bj1 #fj1 #ib1 #ie1 #abc1 #agc1 #aha1 #ahf1 #bai ,*a9age1 #bbh ,*a9s 7lamp71 #af1 #di1 #ej1 #ea1 #aaa2 ,s4 ,pet]'s1 #fh1 #ahc ,*alk ,gate1 #ie1 #agd ,*alices1 #if1 #ajd1 #ajh1 #aaj1 #aaa1 #adj1 #bdb1 #bfg ,*alkis1 #beg ,*amb]s at ,ea/-,end1 #aec1 #baf ,*apels1 #fh1 #aje1 #aed1 #aee1 #ahd ,*]ubic ,hymn1 #fc1 #ib ,*]ubim 9 mosaic1 #bgh1 #bhg ,*oir2 see ,solea ,*oisy1 #abh1 #aii1 #bjj1 #bjg1 #baj1 #bad1 #bbb1 #bbd1 #bbf ,*osroes1 #cb1 #ij1 #ig ,*rysopolis1 #e ,*ryso/om 7#d? c471 #af1 #ah1 #dd1 #he1 #aji1 #aaf1 #add ,*rysotricl9ium1 #agd ,ciborium1 #bi1 #dg1 #fh1 #gb1 #afg ,cipoll9o1 #bfc2 rosy1 #bda1 #bdb ,ci/]ns ( ,con/ant9ople1 #hc1 #bbd1 #bbf1 #bdh1 #beg2 ( ,s4 ,sophia1 #ai1 #ajf1 #aee1 #aif ,clamps1 #bdg ,clavijo1 #fa1 #hc1 #abe1 #age1 #agg1 #agi1 #ahd1 #ahf1 #ahh ,clem5te ,s41 *ur* at ,rome1 #bji1 #bed1 #beg ,cl]gy1 #ia1 #adj ,cloi/] on s\? side1 #bai ,cod9us 7#ae? c471 #ad1 #ba1 #fc1 #fe1 #gi1 #abh1 #ahj1 #ahc ,columns1 #ee1 #ef1 #fj1 #fi1 #aji1 #acg1 #ach1 #afc1 #afe1 #bcd1 #bcf2 ( ,s4 ,basil1 #ajb1 #aca2 ( ,s4 ,gregory1 #ajb1 #aca2 ( ,hippodrome1 #agb ,colymbe?ra1 #ahi ,con*s1 #bb1 #cg1 #aej1 #afh1 #ahj ,con/ant9e1 #d1 #f1 #aj1 #ad1 #ae1 #ii1 #aja1 #ajc1 #aje1 #abi1 #agi1 #ahj1 #aic1 #aih1 #bjc2 cross (1 #ie1 #if2 ,=um (1 #c1 #e1 #f1 #i1 #ab1 #ad1 #agi1 #ahb1 #aic2 ,,vii4 ,porphyrog5itus 7#iab71 #agh2 ,,viii4 7#ajbe71 #hi2 ,,xi4 7#ajei71 9 mosaic1 #bhg ,con/antius 7#ccg71 #ae ,coptic l951 #hh ,cornices1 #aej1 #afc1 #bfj1 #bfa2 ( dome1 #da1 #aej1 #aei1 #afc1 #aff ,corona ( lights1 #ej1 #ea1 #aaa1 #aae1 #aai ,corippus1 #ade ,corporations1 #aa1 #bjh ,corsi1 #bcf1 #bch1 #bci ,covel1 #aah1 #aba1 #abh1 #aia1 #bcb1 #bhh1 #bij ,cross1 ! true1 #ad1 #ib1 #ic1 #id1 #if1 #ih1 #aje1 #aji2 adoration (1 #ib2 exaltation (1 #id1 #ih2 ( light1 #aaf1 #aag2 votive1 #hb ,cr[ns1 #fc1 #fd1 #gb1 #gc1 #ajc1 #adj ,crusad]s1 #f1 #afa1 #gj1 #hg1 #ajj1 #abd1 #adc ,cru/1 #bda ,crux ,m5suralis1 #ajb1 #aci ,curta9s1 #cc1 #dh1 #di1 #ie1 #ajc ,curtis1 #hc1 #he1 #ahf ,curve ( inflection1 #bbc ,d ,damasc5+1 #fg ,d>a1 #bje ,deacons1 #fc1 #fd1 #fe1 #ia ,deaconesses1 #ah1 #ia ,delphi1 s]p5ts f1 #d1 #agg ,demetrius1 ,s41 *ur* ( ,salonica1 #gb1 #aba1 #ahi1 #bjb1 #bjc1 #bad1 #bae1 #beg ,deputatus1 #fd1 #ia ,de?i]1 #bgc ,de ,vog1 #ij1 #ahj ,diakonikon1 #ajb ,didaskalion1 #id1 #ahh ,didron1 #ih ,diehl1 #bhe ,diocletian1 edict (1 #bjf ,dion ,cassius1 #aj ,dion ,*ryso/om1 #aha ,dionysius1 #ac ,discs 7lamp71 #ej1 #aaa1 #aac ,division ( lab\r1 #bjg ,dokimion1 #bch ,dome1 #bja1 #bbj1 #bbf2 ( ,s4 ,sophia1 #bf1 #bi1 #ce1 #db1 #abc1 #adb1 #aej1 #aeg1 #aei1 #afi1 #bji1 #baj1 #bai2 mosaics 91 #bgd1 #bgh1 #bhf ,domn9us1 porticoes (1 #ahb ,doors ( *ur*1 #dj1 #eg1 #eh1 #ach1 #adc1 #adg1 #afh1 #aic1 #baf1 #bfg2 ,holy1 #gi1 #id1 #if ,doorkeep]s1 #ia ,door veils1 #hh ,drill1 use (1 9 c>v+1 #bfc ,du ,cange1 #g1 #cd1 #dd1 #ec1 #ahj1 #ahf1 #aij2 editions (1 #ff1 #fg2 plan by1 #gh ,ducas 7#ae? c471 #abf ,e ,e>?quakes1 #ba1 #bb1 #abb1 #bab1 #bbh1 #bfe ,ea/]n *apels1 #gh ,egypt1 #d1 #agg1 #bjj1 #bbf1 #bbh ,elektron1 #gj1 #ach1 #bgb ,embolos ( ,milion1 #ahj1 #ahb ,enamel1 #fh1 #gj1 #bgb ,enca5ia1 #ae1 #ba1 #cd1 #cf1 #ada ,endute1 #ga1 #adj ,ephesus1 #cb1 #acj1 #aia1 #bjb2 build+ c5tre1 #ih2 ,john ( 7#f? c471 #ih ,eque/rian /atues1 #adi1 #aic ,escomboli1 #abe ,etoimasia1 #bhf ,eu*ologium1 #fb1 #ib1 #aid ,eudoxia1 #af2 /atue (1 #ab1 #ac1 #agi ,eudoxius1 #ae ,eug5ius1 gate (1 #aj ,eusebius 7#d? c471 #ad1 #gd1 #aij ,euty*ius1 #bi1 #acb1 #ada ,ex$ras1 ( ,s4 ,sophia1 #bb1 #be1 #cf1 #aea1 #afd1 #afh1 #bai1 #bcd1 #bei2 at ,s4 ,s]gius1 #bje ,exon>!x1 #abb1 #adh1 #aej1 #afb1 #ahe1 #ahh1 #aic1 #bae ,ext]ior ( ,s4 ,sophia1 #bae1 #bai2 cas$ ) m>ble1 #aig ,evagrius 7#f? c471 #bi1 #cb1 #cc ,ezra1 #bjd1 #bbh ,f ,fabri1 ,felix1 #hc1 #bdf ,fall ( city1 #abe1 #abf1 #adg1 #age1 #agi ,fanio1 portico (1 #ab ,figure s*eme 9 mosaics1 #bhj1 #bhc ,fillet1 not*$1 #agj1 #bfj1 #bib ,flabella1 #ia1 #ajd1 #bhe ,fonts1 #ai1 #bj1 #ha ,=tunatus1 #ha ,=um ( ,con/ant9e1 #c1 #e1 #f1 #i1 #ab1 #ac1 #ad1 #agi1 #ahb1 #aic2 ,tauri1 #agh ,fossati1 #hd1 #abj1 #adh1 #agi1 #ahe1 #bhg ,f\ndations1 #acb ,f\nta9s1 #agg1 #ahe1 #ahh ,g ,galata1 #e1 #aa ,galla ,placidia1 #gd1 #bhb ,gall]ies to ,s4 ,sophia1 #bab1 #bag ,gammidae1 #ga1 #hh1 #bfg ,ganosis1 #bdf ,g>cono/asion1 #ahh ,g>(alo1 #bcf ,g]manus 7#h? c471 patri>*1 #he1 #ajj ,giallo antico1 #agb1 #bci ,gild+1 #bgb ,glass1 #df1 #afi1 #bij2 enamels1 #bgb2 mosaic1 #agb1 #bgc ,glycas 7#ab? c471 #ba1 #gi1 #abc1 #abi1 #ade ,go> 7#ag? c471 #fi1 #ib1 #abb1 #aib1 #aid ,gold1 #cc1 #df1 #dh1 #di1 #fj1 #gj1 #aii1 #bic ,gold5 ,gate1 #ace2 ,horn1 #a1 #e1 #f1 #aj1 #aa1 #ij ,gregory1 ,s41 ( ,arm5ia1 #bgf2 ,s41 ( ,nazianz5e1 #bji2 ,s41 ( ,nyssa1 #bjf1 #bjg2 ,?aumaturgus1 #hc1 #ajb1 #ajf1 #aca1 #bgf1 #bhg ,grelot1 #ff1 #gh1 #hd1 #abj1 #abg1 #ahe1 #ahh1 #aij1 #aic1 #bae1 #bhe1 #bia ,grut]1 #hd1 #aij ,gyllius1 #ab1 #ff1 #abg1 #adf1 #age1 #agg1 #agi1 #ahe1 #aic1 #bdh ,gynaeceum1 #bg1 #dd1 #fe1 #hg1 #ia1 #aca1 #adj1 #adg1 #afa1 #afd1 #bdb2 accesses to1 #aeb1 #aed1 #aeg2 domes1 #bbb2 doors1 #baj2 pavem5t1 #agb1 #bae2 w9d[s1 #afh1 #aga ,gypsopla/es1 #bjf ,gypsum1 use (1 #bbf ,h ,habakkuk 9 mosaic1 #bgg ,haifa s&1 #bda ,hang+s1 #hf ,hel5a1 #ad1 #ig1 #ii ,hemicycle1 #ai1 #bb1 #fg1 #bje1 #bai ,hemisph]e1 #cj1 #cb1 #da1 #abc ,h]aclius 7#faj71 #ia1 #ig ,hi]apolis m>ble1 #ee1 #eg1 #fj1 #bch ,hippodrome1 #b1 #c1 #d1 #aj1 #ab1 #ac1 #ag1 #aba1 #agd1 #age1 #ahf1 #aic ,holy table1 #bi1 #dh1 #fc1 #fh1 #gj1 #if1 #ach2 see also ,alt>2 well1 #gh1 #ia1 #ie1 #aje1 #acj1 #aci2 wood1 #id1 #ig1 #aje ,hormisdas1 palace (1 #agd1 #beg ,horologium1 #bj1 #ie1 #acb1 #ada1 #ahb ,hypurgi ( n>!x1 #ia ,i ,iassian m>ble1 #dd1 #de1 #bch ,iconocla/s1 #bhj ,icono/asis1 #df1 #ea1 #fj1 #fh1 #gd1 #abf1 #agb2 lamps on1 #aaa1 #aah ,icons1 #ga1 #he1 #aje1 #abi ,idatius 7#e? c471 #ae ,j]a%1 #bja ,j]emiah 9 mosaic1 #bgg ,j]usalem1 #ad1 #hd1 #ig1 #ajd1 #bef ,ignatius1 #hh1 #ajh1 #acc1 #adj1 #agg1 #bhg ,images1 ,re/oration (1 #he1 #abb ,indiction1 #ba1 #bfi ,inscriptions1 #ij1 #aij1 #bje1 #bfd ,in/ructor p>ietum1 #bjf ,in/rum5ts ( ,passion1 #if1 #ig1 #aji ,john ,/udius1 ,s41 *ur* (1 #abj1 #bah1 #beg ,jonah 9 mosaic1 #bgg ,jo%ua1 trumpets (1 #aje1 #aci ,ir5e1 ,s41 #ab1 #abi1 #bfd2 ,empress1 #bhg ,iron ties1 #afa1 #afb1 #bcj ,isaiah 9 mosaic1 #bgf ,isauria1 *ur* 91 #bja1 #bjb ,isaurian workm51 #bi1 #bjg ,isidorus1 ! eld]1 #bd1 #bf1 #bh2 ! y\ng]1 #cj1 #dc1 #bjd1 #bjf ,ju/9ian ,i4 7#ebg71 #ad1 #bj1 #bd1 #bi1 #cd1 #fa1 #gj1 #hh1 #ij1 #ajd1 #aai1 #aed1 #afg1 #aij1 #aih2 figure ( 9 mosaic1 #bhg2 eque/rian /atue1 #ahj ,ju/9ian ,,ii4 7#fhe71 #agd ,ju/9 ,,ii4 7#efe71 #fa1 #ig1 #adb1 #agd ,ivory inlaid1 #ee1 #fj ,k ,kam>a1 #ii1 #acf1 #ahj ,ka?isma1 #age1 #agg1 #aic ,kl]ikos ( ,s4 ,sophia1 #ia ,k\ppas1 #bbh ,kraus1 #ag ,krumba*]1 #bb1 #cj1 #cb ,kuklios1 ,kuklis1 #fh1 #ij1 #ach ,l ,lab>te1 #g1 #i1 #aj1 #ab1 #fh1 #abh1 #agc1 #agg1 #ahj1 #bag ,lamplight]1 #gd1 #bfa ,lamps1 #aaa1 #add1 #bej ,laotomos1 #ee1 #acc1 #bjf ,laotoros1 #de1 #ei1 #bjf ,lat]an1 light+ at1 #aac ,lattaquieh1 milion at1 #ahj ,lattices1 w9d[1 #aed1 #afh1 #aig1 #bfa1 #bij ,laz>us1 ! pa9t]1 #ajg ,lead1 #bg1 #da1 #aej1 #bei ,leo1 ,pope1 #gb1 #aae ,leo ,,iii4 7#gag71 ,emp]or ,edict (1 #bhj ,leo ,,vi4 7#hhf71 ,emp]or1 #gc1 #ajc ,leo ! ,deacon 7#aj? c471 #abc ,light+1 #di1 #eb1 #aaj ,li?ologos1 #be1 #bjf ,li?oxooi1 #acc1 #bjf ,loggia ( ,bapti/]y1 #bag1 #beb1 #beh ,l\t]1 #acb1 #ach1 #ahb1 #ahi1 #aib ,lukium cem5t1 #bcb ,luke1 ,s41 mona/]y (1 #ii1 #ade1 #bhd1 #bhe ,lybian m>ble1 #de1 #bci ,lydian m>ble1 #de1 #bci ,lydus1 ,john 7#f? c471 #c1 #f1 #db1 #bjh ,m ,macron1 #aha1 #ahb ,magi/ros1 #abi1 #bjf ,mahomet ,,ii41 #abf1 #abg1 #aeb ,mai/or1 #acf1 #bjf1 #bjh ,manaura1 palace (1 #id ,m&eville1 #hd1 #adf ,manual ,byzant9e1 #ahb1 #bhd ,manuel 7#aadc71 #aha ,m>bles1 #de1 #agj1 #bce2 export (1 #bdj2 application (1 #bda1 #bfj ,m>cell9us ,comes 7#f? c471 #ba ,m>9a1 ,h\se (1 #aa1 #ad1 #agd1 #age ,m>k1 ,s41 *ur* (1 at ,alex&ria1 #bef2 at ,v5ice1 #hb1 #ajh1 #aji1 #aic1 #aig1 #bef2 monograms1 #bid ,m>mora1 #hd ,mass1 #fb1 #ib1 #ajf ,me*anikos1 #bi1 #acb1 #acc1 #acf1 #bjf ,me*anopoios1 #bd1 #bh1 #bjf ,megale ,eisodos1 #fb1 #fc ,mekkah ,s&1 #bdj ,m5as1 patri>*1 #ba ,m5ologium1 #fa1 #fh1 #ih1 #ajh1 #aai1 #ahc2 date1 #ga ,mese1 #e1 #f1 #ab1 #ac1 #ahj1 #ahb1 #ahf ,mesomphalos1 #gi ,metatorion1 #gg1 #gh1 #if1 #aca1 #ada1 #ahb ,me?odius1 #bhg ,mi*ael ,,iii4 7#hdb71 #aaa1 #abb1 #abc1 #bfi ,miletus1 #bd1 #bjd ,milion1 #f1 #aj1 #aa1 #gj1 #ii1 #ahj1 #aha1 #ahb ,m9>ets1 #abg1 #aea1 #aeb1 #bae ,molossus1 m>ble (1 #dc1 #ei1 #bch ,monograms at ,s4 ,sophia1 #dg1 #fj1 #afd1 #afi1 #agj1 #agd1 #bea1 #bfh1 #bgb1 #bie2 at ,rav5na1 #bib2 at ,v5ice1 #bid ,mordtmann1 #e1 #f1 #h1 #i1 #ab1 #age ,mort>1 #aef1 #bca1 #bce ,mosaics1 #db1 #df1 #fi1 #aii1 #bjf1 #bhb2 figures1 #bgc1 #bhg2 fir/ s*eme1 #bgi2 at ,s4 ,luke's1 #ii2 at ,s4 ,m>k's1 #hb2 at ,rav5na1 #ga1 #hf ,m\ld+s1 #bdb1 #bfj ,murad ,,iii41 #aeb ,murano1 #hd1 #he ,mygdonian m>ble1 #ef1 #bci ,n ,naos1 #cb1 #fg1 #gi1 #acb ,n>!x1 #dj1 #dd1 #ajf1 #adj1 #aej1 #ahb1 #baf1 #bbe2 vaults1 #acg1 #bbb1 #bbf2 frieze1 #bda2 mosaics1 #bgd1 #bhg2 propylaeum1 #ib1 #ie1 #afb1 #ahh ,nect>ius1 #af1 #abi ,neorion ,port1 #ef ,new *ur* ( ,brazil1 #ij1 #bhd ,new ,rome1 #d1 #cf1 #df ,nicaea1 #aha1 #bhe ,nicetas 7#ac? c471 #gj1 #aej1 #agg1 #aha ,nicephorus ,calli/us 7#ad? c471 #ad ,nicephorus ,gregoras 7#ad? c471 #hf1 #abd1 #aeb ,ni*olas1 #ajb1 #aaj1 #ahc2 ( ,myra1 #bgf2 ,?+eyr5sis1 #ii ,niketes1 #bgb ,nola1 *ur* at1 #aac1 #aai1 #aij1 #bfg1 #bia ,notitia1 #b1 #e1 #aa1 #ab1 #ac1 #ad1 #ae1 #agd1 #bjh ,novgorod1 ,an?ony (1 #hc1 #ib1 #ajj1 #ahc2 ,/eph5 (1 #hd1 #aac1 #ahe2 ,*ronicle 7#ac? c471 #fh1 #ge ,nuremb]g ,*ronicle 7#ae? c471 #age ,o ,octagon ,*ur*1 #bjc2 ,bapti/]y1 #ahf1 #bbj ,(fic]s ( *ur*1 #ia ,oikodomoi1 #acc1 #bjj ,oil 9 cem5ts1 #acf1 #bcb1 #bcc ,omphalos omphalion1 #hi1 #if ,onyx1 #bci1 #bda ,opus sectile1 #de1 #afb1 #aga1 #bbj1 #bbe1 #bdb1 #bdf ,ori5tation1 #ag ,organic ar*itecture1 #bdg ,orig9al =m ( *ur*1 #bji ,ori5tal alaba/]1 #agj1 #aga1 #bci1 #bdb ,o/i>ii1 #ia ,p ,pa*ym]es 7#ac? c471 #ga1 #he ,palace1 #g1 #ac1 #acb1 #agc1 #agd1 #age2 ( ,bla*]nae1 #aa1 #abc2 ( ,hormisdas1 #agd1 #age2 ( ,m>9a1 #aa1 #ad1 #agd2 ( ,patri>*1 #ac1 #ad1 #ajg1 #agi1 #ahf2 ( ,placidia1 #agd1 #age ,pala d',oro1 #ga1 #aji ,palaeologus1 #fa2 ,&ronicus ,,ii4 7#acbh71 #abd1 #aeb2 ,john ,i4 7#acef71 #abd1 #bgh1 #bhg2 ,john ,,ii4 7#adbe71 #ga1 #aij2 ,mi*ael 7#abfa71 #aj1 #ga1 #abd1 #aij ,palladius 7#d? c471 #af1 #ah1 #add ,palmyra1 #f1 #aha1 #bja ,panels1 m>ble1 #fh1 #aga1 #bda ,pantocrator1 mosaic1 #bhg ,p>5zo1 #bji1 #bai1 #bdf1 #bef1 #beg ,pas*al ,*ronicle 7#g? c471 #c1 #ac1 #ae1 #agd ,paspates1 #g1 #i1 #aj1 #ab1 #ac1 #gi1 #ha1 #hd1 #ij1 #ajj1 #agc1 #agf1 #agi1 #ahf ,passion1 in/rum5ts (1 #if1 #ii1 #ajj ,patri>*1 #d1 #fb1 #ia1 #ie1 #if1 #ajd1 #ajg1 #abe1 #acg1 #add1 #aha ,patri>*s' tombs1 #he ,paul1 ,s41 figure (1 #di1 #aji1 #aah1 #abc1 #bge ,paul ! ,deacon 7#h? c471 #da ,paulus ,mauroc5us1 #ajh ,paulus ,sil5ti>ius 7#f? c471 #bj1 #cc1 #fg1 #gj1 #gi1 #abh1 #aei1 #afj1 #bjd1 #bjf ,paul9us 7#e? c471 #aac1 #aai1 #aij1 #bfg ,pausanias1 #b ,pavem5t ( nave1 #gi1 #hj1 #acg1 #ach1 #adb1 #agb2 ( atrium1 #ada1 #aia2 cloi/]s1 #abe2 gynaeceum1 #ha2 ,basil's *ur*1 #fh2 ,augu/eum1 #ahf ,pavonazzetto1 #agj ,p5d5tives1 #bf1 #da1 #bja1 #bji ,pep]9o1 #aee ,pet]1 ,s41 figure (1 #di1 #aah1 #abc1 #bge2 *a9s (1 #fh1 #ajb1 #ahc2 *apel (1 #fh1 #gh1 #ajb1 #acj1 #ahc1 #ahd2 *ur* (1 at ,rome1 #gb1 #gd1 #aaf1 #ahi1 #aib ,ph>os1 #aaf1 #aag ,ph5gites1 #bfb ,phiale1 #dd1 #ada1 #ahi1 #aij1 #aia ,philox5us1 ci/]ns (1 #bdh ,phrygian m>ble1 #de1 #ef1 #ei1 #bcg ,pi]s1 #bb1 #be1 #bh1 #bi1 #da1 #gi1 #acc1 #aeg1 #aei2 ( /one1 #aee1 #bcd2 ( we/ front1 #aic ,plane ( lea/ lab\r1 #bfa ,poli%+ m>ble1 #bdf ,po9t$ ar*es1 #bbj ,polyc&ela1 #aaa1 #aab1 #aad1 #aae1 #adj ,por*es1 #fi1 #gj1 #ia1 #abc1 #aea1 #ahc1 #aij1 #bae1 #bhh2 s\?1 #ahe2 doors (1 #bfh1 #bgj ,porphyry1 #cg1 #acd1 #bcf ,porticoes ( ,domn9us1 #ahb2 ( mese1 #f2 ( milion1 #ahb2 ( ,sev]us1 #f ,porto-,v5]e m>ble1 #aga1 #bci ,pozzolana1 #bia ,praepositus1 #id1 #ie ,prie/s1 #dg1 #fg1 #ia1 #ajg1 #adj1 #add ,proaulion1 #acg1 #agi ,procession to ! *ur*1 #ie ,proconnesus1 m>ble (1 #d1 #dd1 #df1 #gi1 #hj1 #ha1 #aef1 #afc1 #afd1 #aff1 #agb1 #bji1 #bcg1 #bdb1 #bdc1 #bef ,procopius1 7#f? c471 #ba1 #bb1 #fh1 #aei1 #agd1 #ahj1 #ahi1 #aig1 #bjf1 #bad ,pronaos1 #fg1 #aha1 #ahd ,pro!sis1 #fc1 #fd1 #ge1 #gg ,protomai/or1 #ade1 #bjg ,protooikodomos1 #acf1 #bjf ,protopapas1 #ia1 #ic ,protospa?>ios1 #ia ,protopsaltae1 #fc1 #gi1 #ib ,psellus 7#aa? c471 #ade ,pul*]ia1 #ab1 #af ,purgos ( ciborium1 #dg2 ( ambo1 #ed ,q ,quadriporticus1 #bae ,r ,ramazan illum9ations1 #aba ,rav5na1 #ag1 #ga1 #hj1 #hh1 #ahc1 #bji1 #bdf ,read]s1 #afj ,receptions on way f ,palace1 #ie ,ref5d>ius1 #fd1 #ia ,relics1 #af1 #ig1 #ajj1 #ajf1 #acg1 #aci ,res9 fixes m>ble to walls1 #agb ,re/oration ( image wor%ip1 #abb2 ( ,s4 ,sophia1 #bb1 #bi1 #abc1 #baj1 #bab ,rhodes1 bricks f1 #acf1 #adb1 #aef ,riant1 #ai1 #ajj1 #ajh ,ribs ( dome1 #aei1 #bge ,rob]t de ,cl>i 7#ac? c471 #fa1 #gj1 #gb1 #aac1 #aae ,rohault de ,fleury1 #ag1 #fa1 #fg1 #gd1 #aac1 #aaf ,roman sy/em ( build+1 #aii ,romanus ,argyrus1 7#ajbh71 #abc1 #bie ,rome1 #b1 #ag1 #abc1 #bjj1 #bji ,rosso antico1 #aga1 #bdb ,r\nd ,n4,e4 build+1 #gh1 #aed1 #bag ,royal ,door1 #fg1 #aej1 #aea1 #aha1 #bjd2 slabs ov]1 #bdb ,russian ,pilgrim1 #fe1 #adc1 #ade ,s ,sacell>ius1 #ia ,sacri/y1 #gh1 #aed1 #ahd2 see ,skeuophylakium ,salonica1 see "u ,demetrius1 also ,sophia ,salz5b]g1 #ai1 #bj1 #cd1 #db1 #fg1 #gh1 #adi-agb1 #bjc1 #baj1 #bac1 #baf1 #bai1 #bgc ,sanctu>y1 #bh1 #fh1 #gh1 #aja1 #ajb1 #aje1 #ajg1 #aji2 small]1 #gg1 #aja2 "r ( 9 ,s4 ,sophia1 #ahi ,scaffold+1 #abc1 #adb1 #bbf ,s*lumb]g]1 #ia ,scre5 to solea1 #gi2 9 ,s\? ,gall]y1 #ij1 #bfb ,sculptor ,m>morum1 #bjf ,scylitzes 7#aa? c471 #abc ,second>y ord] ( columns1 #bac1 #bad1 #bai1 #bcj ,selim ,,ii41 #abg ,semidomes1 #bb1 #bd1 #dj1 #aej1 #bji1 #bai1 #bbf ,s5ate1 #f1 #aa1 #ab1 #agi ,sepul*re ,holy1 slab (1 at ,s4 ,sophia1 #aja1 #aje2 ,*ur* (1 at ,j]usalem1 #da1 #gd1 #hc1 #hd ,s]aglio1 #aj1 #ahj1 #ahd2 ,po9t1 #a1 #b1 #e1 #f ,s]gius ,s41 *ur* (1 at ,bosra1 #bjd2 ,*ur* (1 at ,con/ant9ople1 #hc1 #aff1 #agd1 #bjd1 #bje1 #bah1 #bef1 #beg1 #bie1 #bif ,s]p5t9e1 #aga1 #agb ,s]vices 9 ,s4 ,sophia1 #ib1 #abf ,sev]us1 #a1 #c1 #f2 porticoes (1 #e1 #f ,%op production1 #bjh1 #bef ,silv]1 #bh1 #cc1 #cg1 #dj1 #df1 #dg1 #ed1 #ef1 #fj1 #gj1 #gd1 #ge2 9 pavem5t1 #fh2 9 mosaic1 #bgc2 9 monograms1 #bfh ,simeon ( ,!ssalonica1 #fg1 #aib ,s9ai1 ,mt41 #hc1 #aai ,s+]s1 #fj1 #ia1 #adj ,skeuophylax1 #ia1 #ie1 #big ,skeuophylakium1 #gh1 #ia1 #abg1 #acj1 #aci1 #aed1 #ahc ,skirt+s1 #bda1 #bfj ,socrates 7#e? c471 #ac1 #ad1 #ae1 #ag1 #ah1 #aaf ,solea1 #fc1 #fd1 #fg1 #if1 #aci1 #adj1 #adb ,solomon1 #ga1 #ajj1 #aaj1 #abf1 #ada1 #add1 #aij ,sophia ,s41 *ur* (1 at ,salonica1 #bjb1 #bjc1 #bad1 #beg ,sozom5us 7#e? c471 #af ,sp&rils ( arcades1 #de1 #afc1 #aff1 #agj1 #bdb1 #bfj1 #bic ,sp>tan m>ble1 #fe1 #bci ,sph5done1 #age ,sp9a1 #age1 #agg ,/airways1 #id1 #abc1 #afb1 #baj1 #baf ,/alls1 #cg1 #dj1 #ff1 #acg1 #agb ,/rategion1 #c1 #d ,/ucco1 #bia ,subdeacons1 #ia1 #ajd ,suidas 7#aj? c471 #gj1 #adf ,sundial1 #agh1 #ahb ,sun]gasia1 #bjh ,synnadan m>ble1 #fj1 #hb1 #aga1 #bch1 #bdc ,syria1 influ5ce (1 #bja1 #bjd ,t ,te*nitai1 #bd1 #bjf ,tektonikos1 #acc1 #bjf ,temples at ,byzantium1 #a-d ,tess]ae1 #de1 #bgd1 #bhh ,texi]1 #aj1 #adi1 #aic1 #bjc1 #bhc ,!odora1 wife ( ,ju/9ian1 #gj1 #hf1 #hh1 #bid2 wife ( ,!ophilus1 #abb1 #bfi ,!odoric1 #hf1 #hh1 #beg ,!odosius ,i4 7#cgi71 #af1 #abi1 #agg1 #ahj2 ,code (1 #bjf ,!odosius ,,ii4 7#djh71 #f1 #af ,!ophanes 7#i? c471 #ad1 #bj1 #bi1 #gb1 #ajj1 #bjg1 #bji2 ,cont9uator 7#aj? c471 #ga1 #hg1 #ij ,!ophilus1 ,emp]or 7#hbi71 #age1 #bfi2 writ]1 #bgb1 #bij ,!ssaly1 m>ble (1 #cb1 #cg1 #dj1 #dd1 #eh1 #ei1 #acj1 #afd1 #bcf ,?omaites1 #fe1 #aha1 #ahf ,?rone1 #fb1 #aje2 ( bi%op1 #fh2 9 mosaic1 #bgg1 #bgi ,?usia/]ion1 #ah1 #bh1 #fg1 #acj1 #acb1 #acf ,tib]ius 7#egh71 #agd ,titanos1 #bg1 #bcb ,tombs 9 ,s4 ,sophia1 #ajb ,tralles1 #bd1 #bjd ,transp>5t slabs1 #bfb ,trees ( light1 #ea1 #eg1 #aah1 #aai ,tribunal ) porphyry /eps1 #aa ,tricon*a1 #age ,turks capture city1 #abf1 #abg1 #adg ,turrets at we/ end1 #afc ,u ,ultram>9e1 #fj1 #bia ,und]cutt+ 9 c>v+1 #bed ,ung]1 #h1 #gh ,urns1 m>ble1 #hd ,v ,v>angi1 #fd ,vaults1 #fi1 #aej1 #afj1 #afa1 #aii1 #bjj1 #bjg1 #bai2 mosaic on1 #bgd ,vela1 #fe1 #hf1 #hg ,v5ice1 #ga1 #gb1 #ii1 #age1 #aic ,v]de antique1 #fg1 #ha1 #hb1 #afd1 #afe1 #aff1 #afg1 #agj1 #agb1 #bdb1 #bfj1 #bfa ,v]onica1 #bhf ,villeh>d\91 #ajg ,virg91 figure (1 #hc1 #aji1 #abc1 #bge1 #bgh1 #bhd ,vitale1 ,s41 at ,rav5na1 #hh1 #bbg ,von ,hamm]1 #ade1 #aeb ,w ,walls ( *ur*1 #aee1 #aeg2 m>ble cas+s1 #bhe ,wax1 encau/ic1 #bdf ,well1 ,holy1 #gh1 #ia1 #ie1 #aje1 #acj1 #aci ,we/ front1 #aib ,w9d[s1 #db1 #dc1 #aeh1 #afh1 #bji1 #bfa ,wood1 ,holy1 #id1 #ie1 #ig1 #aje ,wood tie beams1 #afa1 #afb1 #afh1 #bbg1 #bbh1 #bcj ,z ,z5o1 build+ laws (1 #f ,z5obia1 city (1 #bjf ,zeuxippus1 ba?s (1 #c1 #d1 #aa1 #agi ,zon>as 7#aa? c471 #bi1 #afj1 #agi1 #bji ,zosimus 7#e? c471 #d1 #e ,,! ,,end4 ,,footnotes #a 1 ed4 ,c4 ,wes*]1 #ahgd1 p4 #e4 #b ,notitia ,dignitatum1 eds4 ,pancirolus1 ,v5ice1 #afjb1 & ,seeck ,b]l91 #ahgf4 ,! date giv5 by ,seeck = ! ,notitia is #daa-dac ,a4,d4 #c 2 1 #ahhe4 #d ,ed4 ,bonn1 i41 p4 #did4 #e ,lydus speaks ( a fire spread+ f ! 8,=um ( ,zeuxippus0 to t ( ,con/ant9e 7p4 #bfe74 ,! ba?s ( ,zeuxippus are plac$ at ! nor? end ( ! ,hippodrome by ,lab>te & ,mordtmann4 #f ,*ri/odorus1 a fif?-c5tury poet4--,f4 ,baumg>t51 #ahia4 #g ,hi/4 ed4 ,bonn1 p4 #ig4 #h ,rawl9son's ,h]odotus1 #ahge1 vol4 iv41 p4 #dfg4 #i ,mordtmann1 ,esquisse topo4 de ,con/ant9ople1 p4 #dh & map4 #aj ,! ,museum ( ,classic4 ,antiq4 #aheg1 p4 #cje4 ,! ,capitol 0 beyond ,=um ,cons4 ,lydus speaks ( 8! porticoes t pass ?r\gh ! city & lead to ! ,=um ( ,con/ant9e1 & ! broad space is scre5$ symmetrically ) great & beautiful columns4 ,"s ( ^! porticoes are said to h be5 built by m5 f ,naples & ,puteoli :o came to ,byzantium to please ,con/ant9e40 7,ed4 ,bonn1 p4 #bff47 #aa ,imp]ium ,ori5tale1 ,p>is1 #agaa4 #ab ,bury1 ,a ,hi/ory ( ! lat] ,roman ,empire 7#cie ,a4,d4 to #hjj ,a4,d471 vol4 i41 p4 #eg4 ,mr4 ,bury1 9 an excell5t review ( ,paspates' book 9 ,! ,scotti% ,review1 ,ap4 #ahid1 gives up ! position assign$ to ! ,augu/eum by t au?or4 #ac ,d4 ,byljajev1 ,byzant9a1 ,/4 ,pet]sburg1 #ahia1 review$ 9 ,byzant9is*e ,zeits*rift1 #ahib1 p4 #cdd4 #ad ,,mss41 plans1 & descriptions1 9 ! ,libr>y ( ,r4 ,in/4 ,brit4 ,ar*itects4 #ae ,paspates1 ,! ,great ,palace1 p4 #bj4 ,mr4 ,metcalfe's translation is int5d$ ?r\gh\t4 #af ,lib4 lxxiv41 *4 #aj4 #ag ,mordtmann1 ,esquisse1 pp4 #d & #e4 #ah ,esquisse ,top4 p4 #c4 #ai ,zosimus 7p4 #aci7 & ,lydus 7p4 #bfe7 say t ! ,emp]or ,julian built a ,s5ate4 ,s also accord+ to ,sozom5 7ii4 #c7 & ! ,pas*al ,*ron4 did ,con/ant9e4 #bj ,hi/4 eccles4 lib4 vi41 *4 xviii4 #ba ,ecc4 ,hi/4 lib4 i41 xvii4 #bb ,du ,cange1 ,descriptio ,s4 ,sophiae1 ed4 ,bonn1 p4 #fb4 #bc ,eusebius1 ,de ,vita ,cons4 lib4 iv41 cap4 lviii-lix4 #bd ,de ,vita ,cons4 lib4 iii41 cap4 xlviii4-xlix4 #be ,eccl4 ,hi/4 ii41 xvi4 #bf ,du ,cange1 p4 #fc4 ,he quotes ! fif?-c5tury au?or ,idatius4 #bg ,ed4 ,bonn1 i41 p4 #ebc1 & i41 p4 #ecj4 #bh ,socrates1 ,hi/4 ,eccl4 vi41 #ah4 #bi ,du ,cange1 #c4 #cj ,pas*4 ,*ron4 ed4 ,bonn1 i41 p4 #egb4 #ca ,eccl4 ,hi/4 ix41 #a4 #cb ,see ,toz]'s note1 ,f9lay1 vol4 i41 #de4 #cc ,ju/9ian's *ur* 0 op5$ at ,*ri/mas4 #cd ,art4 8,ori5tirung0 9 ,real ,encyklopdie d] ,*ri/li*5 ,alt]?m]1 #ahhf1 bas$ on ,mo!s' s*$ule 9 ,die ,basilik5=m51 #ahfe4 ,we hope to %[ on ano!r occasion t ! pres5t *ur* at ,be?lehem :i* po9ts to ! ea/ 0 entirely rebuilt by ,ju/9ian4 ,!re is no pro( t ,s4 ,george ,salonica is old] ?an fif? c5t4 #ce ,homilies xxvi4 & lx4 #cf ,de ,sepulcris ,imp]atorum1 ,migne ,s4 ,g41 vol4 #aeg1 p4 #gbf4 #cg ,migne1 p4 #fgd4 #ch ,b+ham1 ,antiquities ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1 vol4 iii41 p4 #abj4 #ci ,revue ,ar*ologique1 vol4 iv41 p4 #fei1 & ,kugl]1 ,ges*i*te d] ,baukun/1 vol4 i41 p4 #cgb4 #dj ,= simil> e>ly circul> bapti/]ies see ,m>tigny1 ,dict4 ,*ri/4 ,antiq4 #da ,see ,salz41 plate xx41 figs4 #d1 #e4 #db ,ibid4 p4 #ai4 #dc ,*ron4 ,pas*4 ed4 ,bonn1 p4 #fbb4 #dd ,zon>as also gives ! true date2 accord+ to ! ,byzant9e era ! ye> ( ! _w #fjdj4 ,9 ,c$r5us x appe>s z #fjjh1 a copyi/'s error 9 writ+ = 4 #de ,ed4 ,bonn1 p4 #cch4 #df ,migne1 ,s4,l4 vol4 li41 p4 #idc4 #dg ,ed4 ,bonn1 p4 #cgh4 #dh ,!o4 p4 #cei4 #di ,ges*i*te d] ,byzant9is*5 ,litt]atur1 #ahic1 p4 #db4 ,ramsay says x c\ld n h be5 complet$ until #efj4 ,see ,hi/orical ,geography ( ,asia ,m9or1 p4 #bje4 #ej --really "o :o picks out & lays /ones4 #ea 1 8a b9d+ toge!r10 us$ = ei!r an ar* or a semidome4 #eb 1 8a ?ong0 or a belt4 #ec ,! au?or seems "h to mi/ake ! pi]s = ! tempor>y support ( ! ar* :ile x 0 be+ built4 #ed ,!ophanes1 ,*ronographia1 ed4 ,bonn1 vol4 i41 p4 #cei4 #ee ,*ron4 ,pas*4 ed4 ,bonn1 & ,zon>as4 #ef ,*ron4 ed4 ,bonn1 p4 #cfi4 #eg ,krumba*]1 p4 #di4 #eh ,aga?ias1 lib4 v4 ed4 ,bonn1 p4 #bif4 #ei 4 #fj ,krumba*]1 p4 #ec4 #fa ,hi/4 ,eccles4 iv41 *ap4 #ca4 #fb ,! dim5sions appe> s inaccurate t we d n attempt to expla9 !m4 #fc ,salz4 ,alt4 ,baud4 #fd 4 #fe 1 ! circul> rim ( a %ield4 ,us$ "h = ! bema-ar*4 #ff ,column does n /& directly ov] column4 #fg 1 ! ( ,aga?ias & ,evagrius4 ,?is ^w is us$ by ,eusebius = ! dome ( ! ,holy ,sepul*re4 #fh leaves no d\bt t a mosaic cross on ! int]ior is int5d$1 & n1 z ,salz5b]g sugge/s1 a cross on ! outside4 ,! full expression = repres5tations 9 mosaic 0 3 z 9 ,joannes ,lydus 7 #eej71 ,de ,magi/ratibus ii4 #bj1 9 8 description ( ! palace built by ! ,praetorian ,prefect4 #fi ,ne> ,antio*4 #gj ,a t[n ( ,lycia4 #ga 1 a bud1 spr\t or fl[]2 h5ce brightness & bloom g5]ally4 #gb is else:]e a door4 ,b 8tw9 doors0 has no mean+ "h4 ,see plan4 #gc ,janu>y2 ! consuls !n ent]$ on _! ye> ( (fice1 & wore *itons ( gold ?read4 ,see ,du ,cange1 ,s4 ,sophia1 #bb4 #gd ,?is cu/om at ,antio* is m5tion$ z e>ly z ! "t ( ,s4 ,john ,*ryso/om 9 a s]mon on ! ,baptism ( ,*ri/4 #ge --pebbles4 ,! usual ^w = mosaic tess]ae4 #gf ,9 ,mac$onia4 ,! m9es are m5tion$ by ,h]odotus4 #gg ,! promontory on ! s\? ( ,attica4 ,! m9es 7 at ,laurium4 #gh 1 ! *oir4 #gi 1 a back1 & h5ce1 any wide1 flat surface4 #hj 1 ! ant2 "h ! silkworm4 #ha 4 ,us$ 9 ,hom] ( ! butt end ( a spe>2 h5ce long n>r[ glass lamps4 ,see our ,fig4 #ag4 #hb 1 a small r[-boat4 #hc ,see ,du ,cange1 ,s4 ,sophia1 #gj4 #hd ,call$ 1 ! 8back0 ( ! ambo4 #he ,ed4 ,bonn1 p4 #gd4 ,see also our page #gi4 #hf ,see ,nicetas also on our p4 #ge4 #hg ,la ,messe41 ,art4 8,ambon10 vol4 iii41 p4 #i4 #hh ,hopf1 ,*roniques ,grco-,romanes1 p4 #if4 #hi ,see our p4 #ge4 #ij ,cantacuz5us1 ,hi/4 lib4 i41 *ap4 #da1 ed4 ,bonn1 p4 #aif4 #ia ,a %ort5$ =m ( 4 #ib 1 :5 ! ,bread & ,w9e are br\ght f ! table ( ! pro!sis & plac$ ^u ! ,holy ,table1 :ile ! ,*]ubic ,hymn is sung 9 hon\r ( 8! ,k+ ( all1 invisibly att5d$ by ! spe>s ( ! ,angelic ,ho/s40 ,see ,dr4 ,fre%field's article 9 ! ,ar*aeologia1 vol4 xliv41 p4 #chf2 he translates a p>allel acc\nt f ,cod9us4 #ic ,a ,russian pilgrim describ+ ! coronation ( ,manuel 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury says1 8,! imp]ial procession advanc$ s sl[ly t x took ?ree h\rs to walk f ! royal door to ! ?rones40 ,soc4 de l',ori5t ,lat91 sries gog4 vol4 v41 p4 #adc4 #id ,de ,(ficiis ,palatii1 *ap4 xvii41 ed4 ,bonn1 p4 #hg4 #ie ,9 ,nicephori ,bry5nii 444 ,pauli ,sil5ti>ii comm5t4 #if ,hi/4 ,byz4 duplici comm5t>io illu/rata4 #ig ,introduction to ! ,hi/ory ( ! ,ea/]n ,*ur*4 #ih ,du ,cange1 ,s4 ,sophia1 #di4 #ii ,ed4 ,bonn1 p4 #bei4 #ajj ,cons4 ,porphyr4 9 ,lab>te1 ,pal4 ,imprial1 p4 #ib4 #aja ,see our p4 #ge4 #ajb ,see ,anon4 p4 #ach bel[4 #ajc ,! ,eu*ologium1 ed4 #afdg1 p4 #dii1 speaks ( tak+ ! g>m5ts ( ^? ab\t to become conv5tuals & plac+ !m on or 9 ! 8little sea0 7?alassidion7 ( ! ,holy ,table4 ,"h ,go>us int]prets x z 8! holl[ recess ( ! ,holy ,table10 :i* seems to h be5 b5ea? ! table1 & us$ = wa%+ ! vessels1 l ! pisc9a 9 ! lat] ,lat9 *ur*4 #ajd 8 or unit$ ) glass & f9e /ones2 su* is ! mat]ial ( :i* ! ,holy ,table ( ,s4 ,sophia is made40 ,gloss>y ( ,suidas quot$ by ,lab>te 9 ,re*]*es sur la ,pe9ture en ,email1 p4 #hi4 #aje ,porphyrog5itus describes ! table 9 ! *apel built by ,basil ! ,mac$onian z 8a mixture ( all preci\s mat]ials plac$ 9 ord] & b\nd toge!r by fire into a _m-col\r$ mass ( surpass+ beauty1 :i* is ! wond] ( all nations40 ,we also read ( 8,holy ,tables ( silv]1 hav+ gold & preci\s /ones & pe>ls p\r$ ov] !m1 =m+ a compact union toge!r40 #ajf ,hopf1 ,*roniques ,grco-,romanes4 #ajg ,nic4 ,*ron4 ,hi/41 ed4 ,bonn1 p4 #geh4 #ajh ,v]a ,hi/oria ,unionis1 ,hague1 #affj4 #aji ,a ,,ms4 ,greek s]vice-book made = ,basil ,,ii4 7#igf-ajbe7 n[ 9 ! ,vatican ,libr>y4 ,a folio 0 pr9t$ f x at ,urb9o 9 #agbg4 #aaj ,migne1 ,s4 ,l4 vol4 #ajf1 p4 #faj4 #aaa ,migne1 ,s4 ,l4 vol4 #ajf1 p4 #fjc4 #aab ,pa*ym]es1 de ,mi*4 ,pal4 ed4 ,bonn1 vol4 ii41 p4 #che4 #aac ,du ,cange1 ,s4 ,sophia1 #eg4 #aad ,texi]1 ,ar*4 ,byz41 p4 #acd4 #aae ,de ,fleury1 ,la ,messe1 vol4 ii4 & plate cii4 #aaf ,du ,cange1 #eh4 #aag ,b+ham1 ,antiq4 ,*ri/4 ,*ur*1 vol4 iii41 p4 #abc1 note4 #aah ,ed4 ,bonn1 vol4 i41 p4 #dcc4 #aai ,migne1 ,s4 ,g4 ,tom4 #adg1 p4 #dad4 #abj ,ed4 ,bonn41 pp4 #dej & #fig4 #aba ,figur$ 9 ,ongania's ,il ,tesoro di ,san ,m>co4 #abb ,bayet1 ,l',art ,byzant94 #abc ,de ,fleury1 ,la ,messe4 #abd ,hopf1 ,*roniques ,grco-,romanes4 #abe ,comp>e our p4 #abf4 #abf ,ar*aeologia1 vol4 xxxiv4 #abg ,paul9us1 describ+ ! *ur* at ,nola1 writes3 8,cum duabus dextra laevaque con*ulis intra spatiosum sui ambitum apsis s9uata laxetur1 una e>um immolanti ho/ias jubilationis anti/iti patet1 alt]a po/ sac]dotem capaci s9u receptat orantes40 ,migne1 ,s4,l41 vol4 #fa1 p4 #ccg4 #abh ,suic]us1 ,!saurus ,ecclesia/icus v]b4 ,diaconicum4 #abi ,see p4 #if4 #acj ,c]4 pp4 #fcf & #efe4 #aca ,du ,cange1 #gf4 #acb ,c]4 p4 #bg4 ,a ,holy ,well is frequ5tly f\nd 9 ! ,pro!sis4 #acc ,quell5 fr ,byzantis*] ,kun/ges*i*te4 #acd ,c]4 pp4 #ag & #afg4 #ace ,c]4 pp4 #aeg & #afj4 #acf ,see acc\nt ( ,coronation 9 previ\s *apt] & ( ,adoration ( ,cross bel[4 #acg ,on ,m\nt ,a?os2 8! ,kanon>*es1 or ma/] ( ! *oir1 prompts ! cantors1 :o s+ )\t books40 ,a4 ,riley's ,m\nt ,a?os4 #ach ,! ,great ,palace1 p4 #if4 #aci ,comp>e ,s4 ,g]manus2 ,la ,messe1 iii41 p4 #ia4 #adj ,!oph4 ,cont941 ed4 ,bonn1 p4 #ccc4 #ada ,mr4 ,conway 9 ,art ,j\rnal1 #ahia4 #adb ,great ,palace1 pp4 #abj1 #abi4 #adc ,vol4 iii41 p4 #cba4 #add ,fossati3 also ,paspates' ,byzant9ae ,meletai1 p4 #cdc4 #ade ,relation d'un ,voyage de ,con/ant9ople1 p4 #afj4 ,?is idea he may h obta9$ f ,rosweyd's note to ,paul9us 7#aefi71 say+ f\nta9s 9 front ( *ur*es 7 succe$$ by lu/ral vases plac$ at ! ve/ibule ( ! temple4 8,! rim ( su* a "o seems to be figur$ 9 ,grut]1 p4 #ajdf1 ) an inscription :i* 0 select$ f ! ,an?ology1 z is %[n by ,rigaltius4 ,?is l9e 0 also writt5 on ! sepul*re ( ,/4 ,diom$e40 #adf ,paciaurdi #ageh1 ,de sacris ,balneis1 tab4 vi4 #adg ,ed4 ,bonn1 vol4 i41 p4 #bfb4 #adh ,e4 ,muntz1 ,tapiss]ie4 #adi ,ed4 ,bonn1 p4 #djb & p4 #hid4 #aej ,c]4 ,i41 p4 #eia4 #aea ,soc4 ,ori5t4 ,lat91 sries ,gographique1 vol4 v4 #ahhi1 p4 #adc4 #aeb ,see ,e4 ,muntz1 ,tapiss]ie1 & ,m4 ,f4 ,mi*el1 ,re*]*es sur 444 des t(fes de ,soie4 #aec ,jahrbu* des ,v]e9s von alt]?umsfreund5 9 ,rhe9l&e1 #ahib1 p4 #bbd4 #aed ,across ! ,jordan4 #aee ,see ,paspates & ,salz4 #aef ,ed4 ,bonn1 vol4 i41 p4 #ahb4 #aeg ,vol4 i41 p4 #hja4 #aeh ,sigillographie de' l',empire ,byzant94 ,! seal ( ! *ur* itself repres5ts ,ju/9ian & ! ,virg9 or ,!odora support+ ! build+4 ,cp4 ,l5ormant1 ,revue ,numismatique1 #ahfd1 p4 #bfh1 pl4 xii4 #aei ,explicatio ,(ficiorum sanctae ac magnae ,ecclesiae1 ,auctore inc]to a ,b]n>do ,m$onio edita1 #afee4 ,a ,tupikon or ,ritual ,book ( ,s4 ,sophia has be5 rec5tly f\nd at ,patmos3 ,byz4 ,zeit41 #ahic4 #afj ,cantacuz5us1 ,bonn1 ii41 p4 #ae4 #afa ,c$r5us1 vol ii41 p4 #fji4 #afb ,pal4 ,pil4 ,text4 ,soc4 #afc ,9 ! ,c]emonies1 book ii41 we read t ! ?ree crosses kept 9 ! palace 7 ano9t$ by ! protopapas ) balsam1 be=e be+ %[n4 ,ed4 ,bonn1 p4 #edi4 #afd ,ed4 ,bonn1 p4 #abe4 #afe 1 a 8place = in/ruction10 us$ bo? ( upp] & l[] aisles4 #aff ,! college ) a provo/ 7didaskalos7 & twelve fell[s 0 betwe5 ,s4 ,sophia & ! ,*alkoprateia 7see ,bury1 ii41 p4 #dcc71 & !re=e accord+ to ,mordtmann nor? ( ,s4 ,sophia4 ,desc5d+ /eps are only f\nd 9 ! nor? por*1 & ?is is conclusive aga9/ ,lab>te & ,paspates1 :o saw 9 ! ,didaskalion a m]e passage atta*$ to ! s\? side ( ! *ur*4 ,pas*alia are ! tables ( ,ea/]4 #afg ,at ?is "t m ?an "o 8life-giv+ cross0 0 kept at ! palace & occasionally tak5 to ,s4 ,sophia4 ,c]em4 #edi4 #afh ,ed4 ,bonn1 p4 #ad4 #afi ,drapeyron1 ,l',emp]eur ,h]aclius1 #bgi4 #agj ,=tunatus celebrat$ its acceptance by a hymn4 #aga ,j4 ( ,ephesus1 ed4 ,r4 ,p4 ,smi?1 #adj4 #agb ,figur$ 9 ,mol9i]'s ,l',emaill]ie1 ,p>is1 #ahia4 #agc ,figur$ 9 ,s*lumb]g]'s ,nicephorus ,phocas4 #agd ,see ,ongania1 ,il ,tesoro1 ,fig4 #cc & p4 #ajb4 #age ,riant1 ,ex4 ,sac4 ,c4,p41 vol4 ii41 p4 #bac4 #agf ,paspates1 ,byzant9ae ,meletae1 p4 #bhe4 #agg ,des ,dp\illes ,religieuses enleves ,con/ant9ople au xiii sicle p> les ,lat9s1 #ahge1 & ! full] "w1 ,exuviae ,sacrae ,con/ant9opolitanae1 #ahgg4 #agh ,soc4 ,ori5t ,lat94 ,sries ,gog41 vol4 v4 #agi ,allud$ to on a s+le page ( ,,ms4 9 ! ,briti% ,museum 7,cott4 ,claud4 iv47 #ahj ,9 ! reign ( ,con/ant9e ,porphyrog5itus1 see ,c]emonies1 vol4 ii41 *4 xv4 #aha ,! ,fr5* translation has ,diakonikon3 ,riant1 9 ,exuv4 ,sacrae1 ,c4,p4 says 8small] sanctu>y30 ! ,anon4 says skeuophylakium4 #ahb ,?is mu/ be ! same z ,rob]t de ,cl>i's 8buhotia\s0 fa/5$ to ! r+ ( ! great door ( ,s4 ,sophia4 #ahc ,i4e41 ! iconocla/s1 ( :om a numb] ( /ories are told by ! ,russian pilgrims4 #ahd ,see ?is /ory 9 ,gold5 ,leg5d1 8,exaltation ( ! ,cross40 #ahe ,laz>us 0 a m>tyr 9 ! cause ( image-wor%ip4 ,see ,bayet1 ,l'art ,byzant94 #ahf ,c$r5us1 ii41 p4 #fji4 ,ir5e gave a cross 8di/+ui%$ = its pe>ls03 ,!o4 ,cont41 p4 #gjc4 #ahg ,ongania1 ,il ,tesoro di ,san ,m>co1 pp4 #eg1 #ei4 ,rohault de ,fleury1 ,la ,messe4 #ahh ,exuviae ,sacrae ,con/ant9opolitanae4 #ahi ,see our p4 #di4 #aij ,!oph4 ,cont941 ed4 ,bonn1 p4 #baa4 #aia ,ibid41 ,life ( ,basil1 *4 #gi4 #aib ,la ,messe1 vol4 vi41 p4 #gh4 #aic ,see fig4 9 ,byz4 ,zeits*rift1 #ahic1 p4 #adb4 #aid ,9 ! figure #ah ! atta*m5t = ! *a9 is %[n at ,a1 ! *a9 ( monograms is tak5 f ,rossi1 ,b %[s ! provision = ! *a9s 9 ! la/ example 7,fig4 #ag71 :]e !re is a slight mi/ake1 ! alt]nate pi]c+s 9 ! rim be+ crosses z "h %[n4 #aie ,adapt$ f a photographic view 9 ,a4 ,riley's ,m\nta9 ( ! ,monks4 #aif ,du ,cange4 #aig ,lib4 iii4 ,?is 0 at ,milan4 #aih ,= ?is & o!r lamps see especially ,la ,messe & ,il ,tesoro4 #aii ,a4 ,riley1 ,m\nta9 ( ! ,monks4 #bjj ,p4 #aed4 #bja ,con/ant9opolis und a] ,bosporus1 vol4 i41 pp4 #cf-dd4 #bjb ,! images 7 re/or$ 9 ,s4 ,sophia on ! #ai? ( ,febru>y4 ,pagi4 ,critica 9 ,univ]sos ,annales ,b>onii1 vol4 iii41 p4 #ehg4 #bjc ,go>'s ,eu*ologium1 #afdg1 p4 #efj4 #bjd ,cons4 ,porph4 ,life ( ,basil1 *4 #gi4 #bje ,leo ,diaconus1 ed4 ,bonn1 p4 #agf4 #bjf ,du ,cange1 ,s4 ,sophia1 #ce4 #bjg ,paspates1 ,byzant9ae ,meletae4 #bjh ,pa*ym]es1 ed4 ,bonn1 i41 p4 #agb4 #bji ,hi/4 ,byzan41 ed4 ,bonn1 p4 #bgc4 #baj ,ed4 ,bonn1 lib4 iv41 p4 #bi4 #baa ,nicephorus ,gregoras1 p4 #gdi4 #bab ,cantacuz41 ed4 ,bonn1 p4 #cj4 #bac ,comp>e ,toz]'s ,turkey1 i4 #ig4 ,he says ,con/ant9ople is /ill con/antly call$ 8! ,city0 all ov] ! ,levant4 #bad ,gyllius reports a simil> /ory4 #bae ,wright's ,e>ly ,travels 9 ,pale/9e4 #baf 8,con/ant9e1 ! la/ emp]or ( ! ,greeks40 #bag ,brit4 ,mus4 ,,mss4 ,add4 #f1dag4 #bah ,salz5b]g1 ,alt*ri/li*e ,baud5kmale4 #bai ,relation d'un ,voyage de ,con/ant9ople1 #afhj4 #bbj ,,ms4 ,h>l41 #c1djh4 #bba ,f ,orig9um ,r]umque ,con/ant9opolit>ium1 v>iis auctoribus1 manipulus1 ,f4 ,franciscus ,combefis1 ,p>is1 #affd4 ,! same anonym\s description is also giv5 by ,b&uri1 ,imp]ium ,ori5tale1 ed4 #agaa1 vol4 i4 #bbb ,evid5tly meant = l[] aisles4 #bbc ,if ?is int]pretation c be accept$ = 4 #bbd ,bricks /amp$ ) long inscriptions ( ?is k9d 7 frequ5tly us$3 "o f ,sirmium is m5tion$ 9 ,byzant9is*e ,zeits*rift = #ahid1 p4 #bbb3 8,o ,"l ,*ri/1 help ?is city1 keep (f ! ,av>s & gu>d ,romania & him :o writes ?is1 ,am540 #bbe ,?is may mean ! ?ickness ( ! m>ble wall l9+ 9 "s places gilt--if x has a mean+4 #bbf 1 a network1 /udd$ ) jewels1 susp5d$ f processional crosses1 & f ! sides ( cr[ns1 see ,fig4 #ae4 #bbg ,read+ = 4 #bbh 1 8l bun*es ( grapes40 #bbi 1 ,graecis$ =m ( ! ,lat9 f9es4 #bcj ,quot$ 9 ,ibn ,batuta1 ,ori5t4 ,trans4 ,socy4 #bca ,du ,cange1 notes on ,bondelmontius4 #bcb ,glycas1 ,annalium1 ,p>s ,v41 ed4 ,bonn1 p4 #dih4 #bcc ,du ,cange1 op4 cit4 #bcd ,hopf1 ,*roniques ,grco-,romanes1 ,b]l91 #ahgc1 p4 #fg4 #bce ,alt*ri/li*e ,baud5kmale von ,con/ant9opel1 publi%$ by ! ,prussian ,gov]nm5t1 ,b]l9 #ahed1 ) metrical v]sion ( ! ,sil5ti>y's poem by ,dr4 ,krtum4 #bcf ,salz5b]g "h sugge/s t ^! =m]ly support$ eque/rian /atues4 ,see 8 plates ix4-xii4 & comp>e our fig4 #bi4 #bcg ,salz4 xx41 figs4 #i & #aj4 #bch ,all dim5sions 9 ?is *apt] are 9 ,prussian feet1 #ajj ( :i* #ajc ,engli%4 #bci ,see ,salz41 plate vi4 #bdj ,salz41 plate vii4 #bda ,salz41 plates vii41 viii41 & illu/ration ( /airs 9 text4 #bdb ,salz41 plate vi4 #bdc ,ibid41 plate xx4 #bdd ,only a %ort "t 0 all[$ to ,salz5b]g = its exam9ation4 ,he 0 conv9c$ x 0 n a bapti/]y1 b gives no reasons4 #bde ,salz41 plate xviii41 figs4 #i1 #ac4 #bdf ,salz41 plate vi4 #bdg ,salz41 plate vii4 #bdh ,salz41 plate vi4 #bdi ,salz41 plates vi41 x4 #bej ,x is probable1 writes ,salz5b]g1 t orig9ally ! buttress masses rea*$ only up to ! ro( ( ! gynaeceum1 level ) ! spr++ ( ! great ar*es2 z ,c$r5us describes h[ ,ju/9ian1 at ! re/oration aft] ! fall ( ! dome1 made outside ! build+1 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ! ma9 pi]s1 above ! ro( ( ! gynaeceum f\r /aircases1 8co*leas0 :i* rea*$ up to ! dome 8to /r5g!n ! vault+40 ,!ophanes also speaks ( new pi]s :i* ,ju/9ian erect$ to /r5g!n ! dome4 ,! circum/ances m5tion$ by ,procopius seem to indicate t ! abutm5ts ( ! great ar*es 7 n suffici5t4 ,see our *ap4 x41 #a1 = ano!r int]pretation4 #bea ,^! ,salz5b]g ?\ght lat] additions1 8= ! /one projections are n bond$ to ! pi]s1 & ! ,sil5ti>y says columns /ood 9 ^! positions40 ,we d n s int]pret ! l9es ( ! poem1 &1 al?\gh ,*oisy "h foll[s ,salz5b]g1 x is impossible to see1 if !re 7 additions subsequ5t to ! completion ( ! build+1 h[ x is t ! p]fectly symmetrical disposition ( ! m>ble panell+ %[s no di/urbance1 & ! beautiful c>v$ cornice :i* mitres r\nd ^! projections has _h no additions made to x 7our ,fig4 #dg74 ,! /raight jo9ts1 :i* ,*oisy 9 ano!r place specially notes z a me?od ( ,byzant9e build+1 7 "h mo/ wisely appli$2 = on "o side ! great pi] 0 ( /one1 & on ! o!r ! buttress pi] is ( brick4 #beb ,salz5b]g conjectures f ,aga?ias t ^! ar*es 7 a lat] addition made :5 ! dome 0 re/or$ by ,ju/9ian4 ,b )\t !m1 z he rem>ks1 !re w\ld n h be5 orig9ally a squ>e base = ! circle ( ! dome4 ,see explanation ( orig9al =m1 p4 #baj4 #bec ,salz5b]g assumes f ,paulus t 8! dome 0 surm\nt$ by a cross03 ! cross 0 ( mosaic inside4 #bed ,see ,salz41 plate x4 ,! "r-h& side is a section ?r\gh "o ( ! domical vaults1 & ! left ?r\gh ! b>rel-vault :i* connects two domical vaults4 ,! plans1 plates vi4 & vii41 & ! section plate xi41 %[ h[ close "s ( ! columns /& to ! pi]s1 to :i* !y are jo9$ by small b>rel-vaults1 int]sect+ ! domical vault+4 #bee ,a mi/ake = v]tical circles2 ! l>ge numb] ( ci/]ns :]e ! vaults are uncov]$ make ?is c]ta94 ,see our p4 #bba4 #bef ,salz41 plate xxiv4 #beg ,salz41 plate xxiii4 #beh ,see figure 9 ,salz5b]g's text4 #bei ,salz41 plate xi4 #bfj ,prep>ation = ! gold4 #bfa ,salz5b]g's plate xv41 fig4 #f4 ,! incl9ation ( ! sides ( t %[n is mu* exagg]at$1 if 9 any case x exi/s4 #bfb ,salz41 plate xvi41 fig4 #a1 #e4 #bfc ,plate xvi41 figs4 #e1 #f4 #bfd ,salz41 plate xvii41 figs4 #ab & #ac4 ,fig4 #ad gives ! base1 fig4 #b a complete column4 #bfe ,salz41 plate xv41 figs4 #g1 #h4 #bff ,see ,salz41 plate xv41 figs4 #a1 #d1 #e = l[] cornice2 plate xvi41 #b & #c = upp]1 figs4 #c1 #d = dome cornice1 fig4 #i aisle cornice4 ,?is la/1 says ,salz5b]g1 8is m5d$ 9 _m places ) gypsum1 & comes f an e>li] build+40 ,we d n "k :at e>li] build+ c\ld h furni%$ a qu>t] ( ! quantity us$ 9 ,s4 ,sophia4 ,is x possible t ! :ole ( x is ( gypsum8 7,see our *apt] xii47 ,! m>ble skirt+s are %[n on plates xv4 & xvi4 #bfg ,9 a note ,salz5b]g draws att5tion to ,paulus speak+ ( eight w9d[s 9 ?is wall1 & conjectures t in/ead ( ! five upp] w9d[s !re 0 "o l>ge op5+ "h4 #bfh ,salz41 plate xx41 fig4 #d4 ,fig4 #f is a capital t 0 f\nd on "o ( ! f\r p>apet po/s1 & remov$ at ! 8re/oration02 fig4 #g 0 n f\nd 9 ,s4 ,sophia2 fig4 #h 0 an isolat$ capital 9 nor? aisle2 figs4 #i-aa %[ upp] m\ld+s to ! pi]s ( ! propylaeum4 #bfi ,salz41 plate xx41 fig4 #ab %[s ! und]side ( ! beam 9 ! middle ( ! we/ gynaeceum2 fig4 #ae is ! side1 & fig4 #af ! und]side ( "o 9 ! s\? gynaeceum2 figs4 #ac & #ad1 "o 9 ! nor? gynaeceum4 #bgj ,salz41 plate xiv4 #bga ,plate xvii41 figs4 #a-g4 #bgb ,see ,salz41 plate xvii4 ,fig4 #c is ! upp] capital1 fig4 #d ! l[]1 figs4 #e & #f ! base1 & fig4 #g ! "u side ( ! ar*itrave4 ,figs4 #h1 #i1 #aj are details ( l>ge we/ w9d[4 #bgc ,salz41 plate xviii4 #bgd ,plate xviii41 figs4 #aj-ad4 #bge ,see plates vi4 & xi4 #bgf ,salz41 plate iii41 fig4 #g4 #bgg ,salz41 plate xix4 #bgh ,see ,salz41 plate ix4 #bgi ,salz41 plate xvi41 fig4 #d4 #bhj ,salz41 plate xvi4 #bha ,salz41 plates xxi41 xxii4 ,plate xxii41 fig4 #a %[s ! upp] frieze & ! panels b5ea?4 #bhb ,salz41 plate xxi41 fig4 #ah1 & our fig4 #i4 #bhc ,bury1 vol4 ii41 #bjb4 #bhd ,j4 ( ,ephesus wrote circa #eij1 ,r4 ,payne ,smi?'s translation4 #bhe ,see also ,rambaud1 ,revue des ,deux ,mondes1 ,aug4 #ahga4 #bhf ,see plan & view 9 ,/rzyg[ski und ,=*heim]1 ,die ,wass]behlt] von ,kon/ant9opel4 #bhg ,imp]ium ,ori5tale1 p4 #ffd4 #bhh ,see ,anci5 ,plan de ,con/ant9ople imprim entre #aeff et #aegd1 avec ,notes explicatives p> ,ca$icius1 #ahij4 #bhi ,ed4 #aefb1 p4 #ia4 #bij ,hakluyt ,society1 #ahei1 p4 #cd4 #bia ,migne1 ,s4,g4 vol4 #acc1 p4 #fie4 #bib ,texi] figur$ 9 ! ,revue ,ar*ologique1 #ahde1 a small f\nta9 f\nd ne> ! hippodrome to :i* x probably =m]ly belong$4 #bic ,nicetas1 ed4 ,bonn1 p4 #heg4 #bid ,an organ is %[n on ! sculptur$ base ( ! obelisk ( ,!odosius4 #bie ,,ms4 ,mus4 ,brit41 ,sloane #bgdb1 xvi4 c4 #bif ,procopius4 #big ,hakluyt ,soc41 p4 #cf4 #bih ,nuremb]g ,*ronicle4 #bii ,con/ant9opolis ,*ri/iana1 lib4 i41 *4 xxiv4 #cjj ,la ,syrie ,c5trale1 p4 #ge4 #cja ,ed4 ,bonn1 p4 #cjg et seq4 #cjb ,nicetas1 p4 #gcc4 #cjc ,quot$ by ,buzantios4 #cjd ,c]emonies1 app5dix ad lib4 i41 p4 #ejb4 #cje ,ed4 ,bonn1 v41 p4 #bff4 #cjf ,hakluyt ,soc4 s]ies4 #cjg ,anna ,comn5a also speaks ( ! h\ses ( ! ,great ,*ur*4 #cjh ,see ,curtis1 ,brok5 ,bits ( ,byzantium1 "p #b4 #cji ,paspates1 p4 #dj4 #caj ,see ,curtis1 ,brok5 ,bits ( ,byz41 "p #b4 #caa ,x may be m5tion$ t an ,italian can?>us1 or font1 ( ! twelf? c5tury1 9 ! possession ( ,mr4 ,br9dley1 has ! ,lat9is$ =m ( ! same ^w 9 an inscription ar\nd its rim :i* reads ,artificum summus cui nullus 9 orbe secundus ,hunc lut]em cl>um soll]] sculpsit aquae4444 #cab ,quot$ by ,paspates1 ,byzan4 ,mel4 ,note on p4 #cdj4 #cac ,lanciani1 ,pagan & ,*ri/4 ,rome4 #cad ,lab>te1 ,pal4 ,imp4 #cae ,pa*ym]es de ,mi*ael ,palaeol41 ed4 ,migne1 p4 #gjc4 ,see also ,du ,cange1 ,s4 ,sophia1 #bb4 #caf ,inscriptiones ,antiquae totius orbis ,romani4 #cag ,grelot is vague 9 reg>d to x4 ,b&uri und]/ood him to mean t ! inscription 0 on ! inn] wat] vessels4 ,! ,greek patri>* ,con/antios accepts x z hav+ belong$ to ! ,phiale4 ,buzantios wildly says bapti/]y4 #cah ,an inscrip4 9 ,bapti/]y ,flor5ce1 reads-- ,,en ,,giro ,,torte ,,sol ,,ciclos ,,et ,,rotor ,,igne4 #cai ,see p4 #hd & ,kraus = o!r simil> inscriptions4 #cbj ,! fir/1 he says1 8/&s by ! entrance to an old ,bagno10 x 0 #d #c 9 diamet]4 8,! second /&s 9 ! mid/ ( ! ci/]n 9 ! squ>e c\rt ( ! suppos$ ,/4 ,john's ,*ur*40 ,?is 0 #b #f 9 diamet]4 #cba ,migne1 ,pat4 ,cur4 ,com4 ,s]ies ,graeca1 vol4 i4 #cbb ,eu*ologium1 ed4 #afdg1 p4 #dfc4 #cbc ,ed4 #afdg1 p4 #efj4 #cbd ,relation ,n\velle d'un ,voyage de ,con/ant9ople4 #cbe ,9 ,fig4 #bi we h foll[$ 8 draw+s disreg>d+ 8 e/imate ( height4 #cbf ,curtis1 ,brok5 ,bits ( ,byz41 ,"p ,,ii4 #cbg 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #cbh ,see ,p4 ,d4 ,k\ppas1 ,! ,build+ ( ,byzant9e ,*ur*es4 4 4 4 4 vol4 #bj-bb1 p4 #ch4 #cbi ,= gold tess]ae ( second c5t4 see ,bull4 ,soc4 des ,ant41 #ahic1 p4 #gf4 #ccj ,ea/]n ,pale/9e ,memoirs1 #ahhi1 p4 #agb4 #cca ,see ,fig4 #cj4 #ccb ,f ! ,hell5ic ,society's supplem5t to _! j\rnal4 #ccc ,see also ,byzant9is*e ,zeits*rift1 #ahid4 #ccd ,! inscription /ates t ! "w 0 done :ile ,paul 0 ar*bi%op4 ,&-- ,! vital num]als 7 defac$1 b !re seem$ no d\bt t ! la/ fragm5t 0 a "p ( ,s 7#fjjj7 & z ! writ] /ates t !re 0 only room = "o m lett]1 ,s or #fjjd 7#die7 is ! only ye> t w fit ! f\r? indiction4 8,! ar*itect ,bubr(f is ab\t to %[ t ! *ur* 0 built 9 ! fif? c5tury40 #cce ,a book on me*anics 7 7 has be5 ascrib$ to ,an!mius4 #ccf ,procopius 9 ,pal4 ,pilg4 ,text41 p4 #dh4 #ccg ,lib4 xiii41 tit4 iv4 #cch ,edit4 by ,wadd+ton1 p4 #ah4 #cci ,giacomo ,boni1 ,il ,duomo di ,p>5zo1 9 ,ar*ivio ,/orico dell',arte1 #ahid1 p4 #e4 #cdj ,migne1 ,s4,g41 vol4 xxxvii41 p4 #ajij4 #cda ,!re is no d\bt ab\t ^! ar*es be+ truly po9t$4 ,!y 7 drawn s by ,dr4 ,covel ab\t #afge1 !y appe> s 9 ! c>eful engrav+ 9 ,miss ,p>doe's ,bosphorus1 & ^! are fully confirm$ by ,/rzyg[ski & ,=*heim]1 ,die ,wass]behlt] von ,kon/ant9opel1 pp4 #ab & #ga4 ,! use ( ! po9t$ ar* 9 ! ea/ is probably an unbrok5 tradition f e>ly days 9 ,egypt4 #cdb ,die ,wass]behlt]1 p4 #acj1 c4 #cdc #agii1 p4 #bcf4 #cdd ,j\rnal ( ,roy4 ,in/4 ,brit4 ,ar*ts41 ,jan4 #ahic4 #cde ,see also p4 #bdg1 #ahib1 = ! conditions ( /ability ( dome ( ,s4 ,sophia4 #cdf 4 4 4 4 vol4 xx41 #ahib4 #cdg ,p4 #dhe4 #cdh ,die ,byzant9is*5 ,wass]behlt]1 p4 #bb4 #cdi ,9 ano!r place ,covel gives ! foll[+4 ,lukium--unslak$ lime1 burnt brick 7bo? 9 a f9e p[d]71 cotton wool v f9e pull$ & /rew$ on1 l9se$ oil4 ,ci/]n plai/]--,lime1 burnt brick1 cotton or flax1 wat] use almo/ dry1 smoo? x & saturate ) oil4 #cej ,blasii ,c>yophili opusculum de antiquis m>moribus1 #agdc4 #cea ,trattato delle pietre anti*e1 #ahcc4 #ceb ,anci5t ,art4 #cec ,*ronologie von ,egypt51 p4 #cfe4 #ced ,revue des deux ,mondes1 #ahda4 #cee ,9 ,,ms4 notes l5t by ,mr4 ,br9dley4 #cef ,hi/or4 ,geography ( ,asia ,m9or1 p4 #dcc4 #ceg ,see ,boni1 :o corrects ,corsi1 9 ,la ,basilica di ,san ,m>co4 #ceh 4 4 4 4 #ahhe1 p4 #aj4 #cei ,mit!ilung51 etc41 ,ar*4 ,in/4 ,a!ns1 #ahhi1 xiv4 #bhf4 #cfj ,mr4 ,br9dley has %[n u a photograph ( a half work$ ,byzant9e column ) a flat neck+1 /ill atta*$ 9 a horizontal position to ! rock on its und]side :ile ! upp] "p is r\nd$4 #cfa 4 1 p4 #ejj4 #cfb ,survey ( ,we/]n ,pale/9e1 vol4 iii41 p4 #ceg4 #cfc ,wal%1 ,a ,resid5ce at ,con/ant9ople1 8,errata0 to p4 #hj4 #cfd 4 4 4 41 vol xvi41 #ahhe1 p4 #cd4 #cfe ,see ,bayet1 ,l',art ,byzant94 #cff ,a4,m4 #eejh ( ,byzant9e *ronology co9cides ) ,a4,d4 #a up to ,septemb] #a/4 ,indictions 7 cycles ( fifte5 ye>s comm5c+ 9 #cab ,a4,d4 ,bo? ! ye>s ( ! _w & ! ,indictions began on ,septemb] #a/4 #cfg 4 4 4 41 vol4 xvi41 p4 #cj4 #cfh ,essai sur la ,*ronologie ,byzant9e4 #cfi ,f9lay1 vol4 i41 p4 #afe4 #cgj ,mordtmann1 p4 #cf4 #cga ,%[n 9 ,salz5b]g's plate4 #cgb 4 1 vol4 i4 p4 #ejj #cgc ,curtis1 ,brok5 ,bits ( ,byz41 "p ii4 #cgd ,le ,bosphore et ,con/ant9ople1 #ahgc4 #cge ,see bel[1 p4 #bhg4 #cgf ,see ,salz41 plate xxiii4 ,fig4 #b is "o ( ! tympana1 ! c5tre "o has figures3 fig4 #c transv]se ar*es2 fig4 #e s(fite ( a w9d[4 #cgg ,salz5b]g's plate xxiv4 gives details ( ! l[] aisles4 #cgh ,fig4 #b is ! b>rel vault ne> ! w9d[2 fig4 #c ar*es & vault adjo9+2 fig4 #f ! intrados ( ! ar*es op5+ to ! nave2 fig4 #g a patt]n ( ! we/ gynaeceum4 #cgi ,plate xxvi41 fig4 #f4 #chj ,see fig4 #c = ?is cornice1 ! b& b5ea?1 & ! edges ( ! great ar*es4 #cha ,fig4 #g gives ! bord]s ( ! w9d[s 9 semidomes4 #chb ,salz41 plate xxvii4 #chc ,salz4 xxxii41 fig4 #d4 #chd ,salz41 plate xxviii4 #che ,salz41 plate xxix4 #chf ,read+ 4 #chg ,salz41 plate xxx4 #chh ,! figure ( ,j]emiah at ,s4 ,clem5te1 ,rome1 be>s ! same inscription4 #chi ,salz41 plate xxv41 fig4 #c4 #cij ,salz41 plate xxii4 #cia ,salz41 plate xxxi4 #cib ,salz41 plate xxxi4 #cic ,salz41 plate xxxi41 fig4 #g4 #cid ,ibid4 fig #h4 #cie ,arts ,indu/riels4 #cif ,hi/4 ( ,pa9t+1 vol4 i41 p4 #bcd4 #cig ,re*]*es4 #cih ,bury1 vol4 ii4 #dcb4 #cii ,r4 ,wal%1 ,essays on ,anci5t ,co9s1 c41 #ahbh1 gives ! ,greek4 #djj ,am]ican ,j\rn4 ,ar*ol41 iv4 #adc4 #dja ,!oph4 ,cont4 ed4 ,bonn1 p4 #ii4 #djb ,a composition ( ?is k9d at ,p>5zo appe>s to g up to ! six? or sev5? c5tury4 #djc ,see ,diehl 9 ,byz4 ,zeits41 #ahic4 #djd ,il ,tesoro4 #dje ,prat1 ,ar*ol4 ,*rti5ne1 ) figure1 p4 #bfe4 #djf ,relievi /orico arti/ici sulla ar*itettura ,bizant9a4 #djg ,see note above ! index4 #djh ,il ,duomo di ,p>5zo1 p4 #bf4 #dji ,middleton1 ,anc4 ,rome1 i4 #ca4 #daj ,see ,lab>te1 ,arts ,indu/41 vol4 iii41 p4 #cca4 #daa ,boni1 ,il ,duomo di ,p>5zo1 pp4 #d1 #e4 #dab ,/ones ( ,v5ice1 ,i41 xxiii41 #ac4 #dac 4 4 4 41 vol4 xvi41 #ahhe1 p4 #ac4 #dad ,9 our illu/ration ! same capital is di/+ui%$ by a lett]1 ! two sides by #a & #b1 ! monograms read+ 9 ! direction ( ! ref]5ce to _! position4 ,^? ( 8,n4 ,aisle0 = in/ance read f left side ( page4 #dae ,two v>ieties ( monograms on capitals at ,s4 ,m>k's h be5 ! subject ( mu* /udy :i* ,cattaneo sums up 9 ,boto's text ( ! great monograph on ,s4 ,m>k's1 b !y h nev] be5 deciph]$4 ,"o 7see ,photos1 vol4 ii41 p4 #abg7 is a p]fect example ( ,ju/9ian2 ?ree :i* %[ 9 capitals ( ! upp] /age s\? side are p]fect examples ( ,basileos--if correspond+ monograms probably on ! hidd5 sides ( ^! capitals are exam9$1 !y too may be f\nd to conta9 ! ,ju/9ian monogram4 ,= monograms at ,s4 ,s]gius see ,byz4 ,zeit4 = #ahid4 #daf ,9 ,l',art de ,btir & ,revue ,ar*ologique1 #ahgf4 #dag ,die ,wass]behlt] von ,kon/ant9opel1 p4 #bde4 #dah ,curtis1 ,brok5 ,bits ( ,byzantium1 pt4 ii4 #dai 4 4 4 41 vol4 xvi4 p4 #bi4 ,,transcrib]',s ,,note ,?is e,book makes ! foll[+ corrections to ! pr9t$ text3 ,pg #h ,quell5 d] ,byzant9is*5 ,kun/ges*i*t ,quell5 d] ,byzant9is*5 ,kun/ges*i*te ,pg #i plac$ ! prophyry column plac$ ! porphyry column ,pg #bb 7footnote7 ,ges*i*te d] ,byzant9is*] ,litt]atur ,ges*i*te d] ,byzant9is*5 ,litt]atur ,pg #bd t he furni%$ him t ,he furni%$ him ,pg #cb & ! sa9ts among !m & ! sa9ts--among !m ,pg #ce ! re/oration ( ,s4 ,sophia ! re/oration ( ,s4 ,sophia4 ,pg #ef r+s fix$ circlewise r\nd ea* base r+s fix$ circle-wise r\nd ea* base ,pg #id rea*es ! royal doors & /&s !re40 rea*es ! royal doors & /&s !re4 ,pg #aji by ,h5ri* ,ulm5 by ,he9ri* ,ulm5 ,pg #aah above ! beam ( ! icona/asis above ! beam ( ! icono/asis ,pg #abj runn+ ! :ole long? runn+ ! :ole l5g? ,pg #abb f "t to "t f "t to "t4 ,pg #abd patri>* ,ars5ius dur+ ! reign ( ,mi*ael ,palaeologos patri>* ,ars5ius dur+ ! reign ( ,mi*ael ,palaeologus ,pg #abd ! wife ( ,&ronicus ,palaeologos ! wife ( ,&ronicus ,palaeologus ,pg #acb is g5]ally call ! ,bapti/]y is g5]ally call$ ! ,bapti/]y ,pg #ace 9 ord]4 & h[ ! weal? 9 ord]1 & h[ ! weal? ,pg #acf said to ! craftsman4 #8,i w said to ! craftsman1 #8,i w ,pg #aej floor to ! v]tex1 floor to ! v]tex4 ,pg #aea imm5se semircircul> w9d[ imm5se semicircul> w9d[ ,pg #aeb pyramids by ,nicephorus ,gregoras pyramids by ,nicephorus ,gregoras4 ,pg #afj 0 us$ by ! lamplight] 0 us$ by ! lamp-light] ,pg #afj & ,zonoras tw5ty-five & ,zon>as tw5ty-five ,pg #agi mo/ ( :i* 7 re-built by ,ju/9ian mo/ ( :i* 7 rebuilt by ,ju/9ian ,pg #ahf 7footnote7 ,see ,curtis ,brok5 ,bits ( ,byzantium ,see ,curtis1 ,brok5 ,bits ( ,byzantium ,pg #aia 7footnote7 ,?is 0 #b #f 94 diamet] ,?is 0 #b #f 9 diamet] ,pg #aib ,symeon ( ,!ssalonica tells u ,simeon ( ,!ssalonica tells u ,pg #bjd & ,/4 ,s]gius at ,bozra & ,/4 ,s]gius at ,bosra ,pg #bab ,figs1 #d1 #cf1 #ch ,figs4 #d1 #cf1 #ch ,pg #bag above ! transome above ! transom ,pg #bbc ,viollet-de-,duc ?9ks t ,viollet-le-,duc ?9ks t ,pg #bcb filam5ts ( cotton40 ,?is 0 r$uc$ filam5ts ( cotton4 ,?is 0 r$uc$ ,pg #bcc ,x is made ( unslak$ lime 4440 8,x is made ( unslak$ lime 4440 ,pg #bfh ! horizonal arm ( ! cross ! horizontal arm ( ! cross ,pg #bid c]amic inscription giv5 9 ! ,revue ,ar*oogique c]amic inscription giv5 9 ! ,revue ,ar*ologique ,make punctuation consi/5t 9 section head+s4 ,replace ,roman num]als ) ,arabic num]als = section head+s 9 ,*apt] ,,vii4 ,paspates' book1 1 is cit$ v>i\sly z ,byzant9ae ,meletai1 ,byzant9ae ,melatae1 & ,byzant9ae ,meletae4 ,^! citations are left un*ang$4 ,?is e,book makes ! foll[+ adju/m5ts to ! ,byzant9e inscriptions3 ,use 7capital omega7 :]e ! pr9t$ text us$ a l>ge 4 ,use 7capital upsilon7 :]e ! pr9t$ text us$ a ,v-%ap$ "*4