,transcrib]'s ,notes    ,obvi\s         
typographical errors h be5 sil5tly      
correct$4    ,italics are repres5t$ ?us 
italic4          ,illu/ration3 a sprig (
 h]b                                    
,condim5ts                              
,spices & 444                           
444 ,flavors    ,condim5ts1 if prop]ly  
us$1 assure dige/ion & ha/5 !           
absorption ( food by ! sy/em4--,,!odore 
,,*ild4            ,,copyright1 #ahid1  
,,by    ,,m>y ,e4 ,,gre51 ,m4 ,d4       
,,preface      ,9 ?is pamphlet no       
attempt has be5 made to give specific   
directions  z to ! uses ( spices &      
condim5ts4 ,x mu/ be borne 9 m9d  t _!  
usage results nei!r f ! dem&s ( fa%ion  
nor ( a  vitiat$ s5se ( ta/e1 b f _! own
 g]micidal & pres]vative  qualities4 ,f 
! spic$ & p]fum$ mummies ( ! ,ph>aohs to
  ! spic$ apple & pickl$ pe> ( our own  
/ore-rooms1 ! same  reason = ! use (    
spices exi/s--_! antiseptic qualities4  
,a %ort  acc\nt ( ! div]s k9ds &        
qualities ( ^! excell5t sub/ances  may  

lead1 x is hop$1 to a m intellig5t use (
 !m 9 cook]y4  ,no?+ has be5 said ab\t  
adult]ation1 =1 :ile mo/ ( !  adult]ants
 ( spices are h>mless1 /ill1 fraud lies 
9 ! fact t  ! buy] pays a high price =  
an article "p ( :i* is wor?less4  ,z e  
h\sewife _c be h] own *emi/1 h] safegu>d
 lies 9  buy+ only ( reliable spice     
h\ses4                                  
,,condim5ts1 ,,spices ,,& ,,flavors4    
,a ,maxim z anci5t z ! "t ( ,democritus 
( ,abd]a  reads3 8,:atev] pleases !     
palate n\ri%es40 ,mod]n sci5ce has      
prov5 ! tru? ( ?is maxim & has giv5 u   
acceptable reason :y  condim5ts are no m
 necess>y 9 palace ( connoisseur ?an 9  
hut  ( b>b>ian1 :y !y are z eag]ly us$  
by ! native ( ,labrador  z by ! sw>?y   
son ( ! tropics2 :y !y are ! prop]ty (  
,mohamm$an1 ,confucian1 ,buddhi/1       
,g5tile & ,jew1 ( all ca/es1 races  &   
civilizations4 ,act+ pr9cipally ^u !    
n]v\s sy/em ?r\gh  ! s5se ( smell1      
condim5ts /imulate ! fl[ ( bo? ! saliva 
& ga/ric juices4 ,!y mat]ially aid      

dige/ion1 & ! famili>  phrase1 8to make 
! m\? wat]10 /ates a physiological fact4
  ,f ?is /&po9t ! fragrant aroma ( /eam+
 c(fee & !  savory odor ( a /ew are z   
truly condim5ts z pepp] & salt2 =       
condim5ts are ! magic w& :i* trans=ms   
mo/ commonplace (  foods into ess5ces1  
subtle & delici\s4 ,!y are equally      
appropriate  to ! /eam+ potage ( ! ,fr5*
 peasant & ! sacrificial  alt>s (       
,pale/9e & ,greece4 ,no?+ m closely te/s
 ! skill  ( ! cook ?an 8 use ( ^!       
appetiz+ flavors4 ,l g5ii (  ! fairy    
tale1 !y are will+1 v]satile & ob$i5t z 
slaves2  :5 ma/] _! pa?way is /rewn )   
sorr[ful ?\gh mo/ aromatic  wrecks (    
s\ps & hors d'uvres4 ,!y %\ld p]meate   
food z  inc5se does ! atmosph]e1        
delicate1 impalpable & z indescribable  
z !y are requisite4 ,! too abundant use 
( a c]ta9 condim5t  or spice1 ! lack (  
ano!r or ! injudici\s m+l+ ( c]ta9  o!rs
 w ru9 ! f9e/ pudd+1 sauce or s\p ev]   
comp\nd$4    ,condim5ts & spices are z  
anci5t z civilization4 ,! olde/ books  (

 ! scriptures1 notably ,exodus1         
,leviticus1 ,job & ! ,canticles1  make  
frequ5t ref]5ce to salt & spices1       
sub/ances :i* 7  !n co/ly1 *iefly       
d$icat$ to royalty & ! uses ( temple &  
alt>4 ,! ,greeks foll[$ ! ,semitic      
cu/oms to "s ext5t 9 _!  disposition (  
spices1 n us+ !m z l>gely 9 _! food z h 
lat] races4 ,!y 7 fond ( aromatic       
flavor+s & x is said t  ! laurels (     
,greece1 ( :i* ! c9namon is a species1  
possess$  t quality to a great] ext5t   
?an ^? ( any o!r c\ntry1  al?\gh all    
laurels h aromatic leaves4    ,hom] 9 ! 
,iliad ref]s ) nave surprise to ^? p    
unaccu/om$ to ! use ( salt1 & 9 ! n9?   
book pictures  ,patroclus z        8,he 
/rews a b$ ( gl[+ emb]s wide1           
,above ! coals ! smok+ fragm5ts turns1  
,& spr9kles sacr$ salt ^u ! urns40      
,by ! m$ival ,romans condim5ts 7 well   
lik$4 ,!y made1 accord+  to "o au?or1 a 
pickle f ! tunny fi%1 j z _! languor\s  
desc5dants are do+ to-day1 & also prep>$
 a condim5t f !  inte/9es ( ! mack]el4  

8,liv] ( ! capon1 /eep$ 9 milk &        
beccaficoes1 & dress$ ) pepp]0 0 ano!r (
 _! highly  season$ di%es4    ,9 !      
?irte5? c5tury ,dante1 9 ! description (
 ! al*emi/s  & =g]s ( ! t5? gulf ( !    
,inf]no1 ref]r$ to "o ,niccolo  (       
,si5na1 8:o fir/ ! spice's luxury       
discov]$40 ,contempor>y )  him 9 ,engl&1
 ,william ,langl&1 9 8 8,vision ( ,pi]s 
! ,pl[man10  inquir$ if ?\ 8ha/ 9 ?y    
purse any hot spices80    ,frequ5t      
ref]5ce by ! writ]s ( t day indicates t 
^!  sub/ances 7 exp5sive & us$ ma9ly by 
! luxuri\s4 ,v5ice _h  = _m ye>s        
controll$ ! trade 9 spices1 :i* 7 br\ght
  ov]l& f ! ,ori5t 9 imm5se c>avans1 & n
 until ,diaz &  ,vasco de ,gama1 9 !    
fifte5? c5tury1 r\nd$ ! cape ( ,good    
,hope  did _! co/l9ess dim9i%4 ,aft] t  
ev5t spices & condim5ts  ceas$ to be    
reg>d$ m]ely z luxuries & became z      
necess>y to !  pla9e/ ( s\ps z to !     
,puree de volaille a la ,be>nise ( !    
,fr5* *ef4    ,all classes ( p use      
condim5ts 9 "s =m1 f ! weal?y  epicure  

:o flavors 8 t]rap9 ) mace1 salt1 pepp]1
 & %]ry  to ! negro :o sifts okra ?r\gh 
8 f+]s into 8 gumbo s\p or  ! ,indian1  
/irr+ ! cont5ts ( a /eam+ kettle ) twigs
 (  sassafras4    ,condim5ts h be5 def9$
 z ^? sub/ances eat5 ) meat  & comb9$ ) 
salt :ile spices are *iefly add$ to     
articles  conta9+ sug>4 ,!y may be      
classifi$ z foll[s3                     
,clove1 c9namon1 cassia-bud1 pim5to or  
allspice1 nutmeg1 mace1 c>damon1 pepp]1 
cum91 cori&]1 f5ugreek1 gra9s (         
,,aromatics  ,p>adise1 anise1 dill1     
c>away1 basil1 *]vil1                   
cel]y1 f5nel1 bay-leaves1 summ] savory1 
p>sley1 ?yme1 sage1 sweet m>joram1      
,,vegetable             m9t1 t>ragon1   
onion1 leek1 g>lic1 saffron1            
cap]s1 turm]ic & curry p[d]4            
,mu/>d1                ,,pung5t         
horse-radi%1               ,,aromatics  
g+]1                          *ilies    
7cay5ne pepp]74        ,,m9]al   ,salt4 
,,animal    ,pa/es & ess5ces ( %rimp1   
lob/]1 bloat]1 an*ovy1                  

etc4    ,,sauces    ,*utney1 tabasco1   
lime juice1 ,worce/]%ire1 ket*up1       
c>a*i1 cass>eep & soy4      ,,pickles   
,v>i\s vegetables & fruits1 su* z       
cucumb]1 olive1              samphire1  
etc4      ,,flavors   ,vanilla1 tonka   
bean1 almond1 *ocolate1 orange &        
v>i\s fruits4      ,,acids     ,v9eg>1  
lime juice1 v]juice4      ,,cordials    
,curaoa1 ,noyau1 ,ratafia1 anisette1    
kmmel1 abs9!1              ,*>treuse1   
,m>as*9o1 etc4    ,salt is ev5 m        
valuable z a condim5t ?an z a           
pres]vative4 ,x  is us$ 9 e /aple       
article ( cook]y &1 z has be5 said1     
8,plut>* 0 "r :5 he /yl$ salt ! condim5t
 ( condim5ts40  ,c]eals & vegetables are
 ta/eless )\t ! addition ( t  my/]i\s   
quantity1 8a p9* ( salt10 bread is      
insipid )\t a  da% ( x1 z also are meats
 & pudd+s4 ,meats1 :5 s cook$ t  _! own 
salts are n extract$1 z :5 roa/$1 are m 
palatable  )\t additional salt ?an any  
o!r food s prep>$4    ,?\gh salt is     
unus$ because unatta9able by c]ta9      

b>b>ic peoples1  su* z ! ,b$\9s1 x is   
consid]$ to be a necessity by all o!rs4 
,ari/otle relates t 9 ,greece a salt    
spr+ 0 believ$ to be a  direct gift ( ! 
gods1 salt always compris+ "p ( !       
religi\s  (f]+s4 ,salt is ref]r$ to 9 ! 
scriptures m ?an a score (  times4 ,9   
,leviticus we f9d ! comm& t 8e oblation 
( ?y  meat (f]+ %all be season$ ) salt40
 ,9 ,job occurs ! "q  8c t :i* is       
unsavory be eat5 )\t salt80 ,! ,biblical
  comp>ison to salt :i* has lo/ its     
savor ref]s to ! cu/om  /ill reta9$ 9   
,ori5tal c\ntries ( adult]at+ ) e>? !   
salt :i* f9ds its way to ! extremely    
poor1 :o _c pay !  orig9al high price4  
,s co/ly 0 salt 9 ! anci5t _w t !  old  
c>avan r\tes 7 fir/ =m$ = traffic 9 ?is 
article4 ,!  8,sal>ian ,way0 ( ,rome 0 s
 nam$ because ( its imm5se comm]ce 9    
salt & to ?is day ! trade r\te across ! 
,sah>a is by ?is means  ma9ly support$4 
,rec5tly1 ! salt b$s ( ,europe & ! salt 
m9es  & wells ( ! we/]n hemisph]e h made
 ?is article s abundant  t its *eapness 

effectually protects x f adult]ation4   
,illu/ration3 ,clove4    ,cloves are !  
unexp&$ fl[]s ( an ev]gre5 tree f\nd 9 !
  ,ea/ ,indies & indig5\s to ! ,molucca 
,isl&s4 ,!y are call$ by  ! ,*9ese      
8fragrant nails0 ow+ to ! peculi> %ape (
 ! dri$  clove buds1 & ! ,engli% ^w is  
d]iv$ f ! ,lat9 clavus1  & ,fr5* cl\1   
also mean+ nail4 ,x is d\btful if cloves
 7  kn[n to ! ,greeks or ,romans1 !     
,v5etians hav+ fir/ obta9$ !m  f !      
,arabians1 :ile ! clove trade 0 lat]    
monopoliz$ by !  ,portuguese4 ,!n x 0   
own$ by ! ,dut* :o expell$ ! ,portuguese
  f ! ,spice ,isl&s 9 #afje4 ,! ,dut*   
made great ef=t to control  ! entire    
spice trade ( ^! isl&s1 :i* 0 a s\rce ( 
abundant  weal?1 & 7 ev5 kn[n to furni% 
! m>ket ) ! adult]at$  article1 ! oil ( 
clove be+ extract$ by pressure & ! buds 
be+ giv5 a fre% appe>ance by a glaze (  
olive oil4 ,!y also  pres]ve ! "m clove1
 or fully develop$ fruit4 ,?is resembles
 !  olive 9 appe>ance &1 be+ less pung5t
 9 flavor ?an ! bud1  makes a da9ty     

sweetmeat4 ,! clove tree is n h>dy &    
gr[s be/  :5 plant$ 9 loamy soil1 %elt]$
 f ! w9ds by ! hills4 ,x  has be5       
introduc$ into ! ,we/ ,indies & ,guiana4
 ,cloves f !  ,moluccas & ,ceylon are m 
valuable1 be+ ri*] 9 oil1 d>k] 9  color 
& f> m aromatic4    ,c9namon is ! inn]  
b>k ( a tree alli$ to ! laurels4 ,x is  
indig5\s to ,ceylon & ! ,p5ang ,isl&s   
al?\gh believ$ by  "s au?orities to h   
orig9ally come f ,*9a1 :]e x has        
fl\ri%$ s9ce ! remote/ times4 ,z x is   
m5tion$ 9 ! ,old  ,te/am5t x is         
conjectur$ t ! ,hebrews obta9$ x f !    
,arabians :o 9 turn procur$ x f ,india4 
,lat] x 0 m5tion$ by  ,h]odotus4 ,x is  
kn[n t ,hippocrates us$ c9namon         
m$ic9ally &  ! mod]n m$ical _w has b    
rec5tly made ! discov]y t oil  ( c9namon
 is a valuable antiseptic & g]micide4 ,n
 until #aejf 0  c9namon discov]$ wild 9 
,ceylon & n until #aggj 0 x improv$  by 
cultivation4 ,! tree gr[s to a height ( 
tw5ty & occasionally  ?irty feet1       
al?\gh1 z ! b>k f ! "y %oots is ( f9]   

flavor1 t only is us$4 ,c9namon %rubs   
are cultivat$ 9 fields1  ! f9e/ be+     
locat$ 9 ! region ( ,colombo1 ,ceylon4  
,! %oots1  :i* gr[ 9 clu/]s ( f f\r to  
t51 are cut to ! roots twice  a ye>1    
aft] ! ra9s4 ,! epid]mis is peel$ (f1 ! 
b>k is put  up 9 bundles ab\t =ty in*es 
long & ?us dri$ & m>ket$4  ,?ree grades 
are export$1 ! f9e/1 ?91 ( a br[ni%     
yell[  color1 fragrant & sweet ( odor & 
correspond+ly high ( price4 ,x  is also 
adult]at$ ) cassia b>k1 a *eap]         
production4    ,cassia is ! inn] b>k ( a
 species ( c9namon call$ ,*9ese  c9namon
 or cassia lignea4 ,! great] "p ( x is  
export$ f  ,*9a4 ,! b>k is put up 9     
bundles ab\t half ! l5g? ( c9namon  b>k 
& is m pung5t & less sweet ( flavor4    
,cassia buds are !  unrip5$ fruits ( !  
tree :i* produces ,*9ese cassia4 ,9 %ape
  & size !y resemble cloves1 9 aroma1   
c9namon1 & are usually  pres]v$ :ole =  
sweetmeats or spices4 ,cassia is m5tion$
 by ,moses  z an +r$i5t ( ! holy oil1 9 
,psalms z a p]fume & 9 ,ezekiel  z a    

spice4    ,allspice1 sometimes call$    
,jamaica pepp] & prop]ly1 pim5to1  is   
native to ! ,isl& ( ,jamaica & has n be5
 successfully  cultivat$ outside ( !    
,we/ ,indies4 ,! pim5to tree is an      
ev]gre5  ( ! myrtlebloom family1 all (  
:i* are exotic trees1 & rea*es a  height
 ( ?irty feet4 ,! allspice ( comm]ce    
consi/s ( ! b]ries  ( ?is tree1 export$ 
:ole aft] be+ dri$1 & s call$ because   
_! aroma resembles t ( cloves1 c9namon1 
junip] & nutmeg4 ,!  b]ries are ga!r$ :5
 gre51 be+ left on ! twigs until dri$ by
  ! sun1 by :i* means all ! ess5tial oil
 is reta9$4    ,illu/ration3 ,cassia    
,buds4    ,illu/ration3 ,nutmeg4        
,nutmeg is ! k]nel ( ! fruit ( an exotic
 ev]gre5 tree native  to ! ,b&a & o!r ( 
! ,ea/ ,indian isl&s4 ,9 appe>ance x    
resembles ! orange1 yield+ fruit :5     
eight or n9e ye>s (  age & be>+ = fifty 
or sixty ye>s4 ,x requires a light soil1
  moi/ure & %ade1 & _c be propagat$ 9   
regions 9 :i*  ^! conditions are n      
pres5t4 ,! tree be>s fruit dur+ mo/  ( !

 ye>1 9 ! ,molucca & o!r isl&s ?ree     
crops a ye>  be+ ga!r$4 ,! fruit1 :i*   
requires n9e mon?s 9 :i* to  mature1 is 
c>efully dri$ be=e ! p]ic>p is remov$ & 
!  k]nel tak5 out4 ,!re are ?ree        
v>ieties1 ! male or b>r51 !  royal & !  
que51 ! la/1 a small1 r\nd nutmeg1      
consid]$ mo/  valuable4 ,! inf]ior      
nutmegs are us$ = ! extraction ( nutmeg 
butt] or oil1 kn[n z 8oil ( mace40 ,ab\t
 six p] c5t ( volatile  oil is conta9$4 
,x is /at$ t m nutmegs are export$ to ! 
,unit$ ,/ates ?an to all ,europe4 ,!    
,dut* =m]ly pres]v$ !  entire fruit1    
k]nel & p]ic>p1 9 a syrup ( sweet v9eg> 
= a  sweetmeat4 ,?is nation :5 9 control
 ( ! spice trade ( c]ta9 (  ! ,ea/      
,indian isl&s made /r5u\s ef=ts to      
conf9e ! nutmeg  tree to ! ,b&as4 ,b !  
8nutmeg bird10 a species ( blue pigeon1 
fru/rat$ _! designs by scatt]+ ! nuts   
all ov] ! isl&s  aft] fe$+ ^u _! pulpy  
cov]+4 ,s det]m9$ at "o "t 7  ! ,dut* to
 keep ! price ( nutmegs high t1 if an   
unusually l>ge  h>ve/ occurr$1 "p ( x 0 

burn$ by !m4    ,mace is ! reticulat$   
aril cov]+ ! k]nel4 ,:5 fre%1 x is (  a 
crimson color1 rea*+ ! gold5 t9t only :5
 dri$ & aft]  "s mon?s4 ,9 its prop]ties
 x is simil> to ! nutmeg4 ,! leaves  ( !
 nutmeg tree z well z ! fruit are highly
 aromatic4    ,! c>damon is a memb] ( ! 
g+] family & is native to ,malab>1      
,madagasc> & ,ceylon4 ,t f ! latt]      
c\ntry is ( q l>ge  size4 ,x consi/s ( a
 rhizome or root /ock f :i* rise tall1  
flag-l leaves4 ,! fl[] /em spr+s        
directly f ! root & is  mu* %ort]1 be>+ 
racemi=m clu/]s ( small :ite fl[]s4 ,!  
fruit consi/s ( gre5i% pods half an in* 
9 l5g?1 ea* pod be+  ?ree capsul$ &     
conta9+ num]\s se$s4 ,^! se$s are pung5t
  9 flavor & con/itute ! valuable "p ( !
 plant4 ,! pods are  dri$ sl[ly z rapid 
dry+ causes !m to split1 !reby los+ !   
se$s4 ,c>damon se$s 7 us$ by ! anci5t   
,greeks bo? z a spice  & z m$ic9e4      
,pepp]1 ) c9namon1 salt & inc5se1 0 "o (
 ! /aple  commodities :i* anci5tly pass$
 ov] ! c>avan r\tes betwe5  ,v5ice &    

,india4 ,at t "t its price 0 extremely  
high &1  accord+ to ,e4 ,m4 ,holmes1    
r5ts 7 frequ5tly paid 9 ?is article  z  
late z ! middle ages4 ,aft] ! sack (    
,rome by ! b>b>ians  "o ( ! articles (  
tribute dem&$ by ,al>ic 0 a ?\s& p\nds  
( pepp]4 ,z late z ! eighte5? c5tury !  
pepp] trade 0  conf9$ to ! ,portuguese4 
,9 rec5t ye>s x has become "o ( !       
*eape/ ( our spices4    ,illu/ration3   
,r\nd ,pepp]4    ,! pepp] plant is a    
v9e1 ( ! ord] pip]ace1 :i* gr[s  wild 9 
,*9a1 is also indig5\s to ,malab> & o!r 
isl&s (  ! ,ea/ ,indies1 & has be5      
introduc$ into ! ,we/ ,indies4 ,!       
plants require a ri* moi/ soil1 be>+    
aft] ! f\r? ye> &  cont9u+ fruitful = f 
eight to f\rte5 ye>s4 ,! mo/ fam\s  ( ! 
pepp] isl&s are ! ,p5ang1 :i* furni% m  
?an half  ! am\nt produc$ by ! entire   
,ea/ ,indies4 ,only ! b]ries (  ! pepp] 
plant are valuable & ^!1 be+ ga!r$ be=e 
fully  develop$1 h a wr9kl$ appe>ance :5
 dri$4 ,! b]ries us$ =  :ite pepp] are  
decorticat$ ei!r 9 ! isl&s or 9 ,london 

&  rea* ! ,unit$ ,/ates ready = gr9d+4  
,! f9e/ grade passes  ?r\gh m ?an tw5ty 
diff]5t op]ations be=e x is consid]$    
m>ketable4    ,black pepp] diff]s f !   
:ite 9 ! leav+ on ( ! hull1  :i* is     
black & conta9s ! acrid pr9ciples ( !   
flavor4 ,h5ce1  :ite pepp] is less      
pung5t & fully z f9e 9 flavor z ! black4
  ,%ot pepp] consi/s ( ! f9e/ b]ries1 ^?
 ri*e/ 9 oil4 ,x is  select$ by ?r[+ a  
quantity ( ! b]ries 9 wat]4 ,^? :i*  s9k
 are collect$1 label$1 & sold z %ot     
pepp]4    ,long pepp]1 ref]r$ to by !   
,greeks z pip]i macron1 is !  unripe    
fruit ( a species ( pepp]1 an in* or m 9
 l5g? & &  %ap$ l a spike4 ,! flavor is 
simil> to t ( ord9>y black  pepp]4      
,african pepp] is ano!r v>iety4 ,^? be/ 
kn[n to !  we/]n m>kets are ,p5ang1     
,telli*]ry & ,malab>4    ,cum9 or cumm9 
is a small h]bace\s plant1 native to    
,egypt & v  e>ly cultivat$ 9 !          
,m$it]ranean c\ntries4 ,x is n[ gr[n 9  
,india1 ,sicily & ,malta1 ! se$s only   
be+ valuable4 ,^! conta9  a l>ge        

proportion ( ess5tial oil :i* gives !m  
an aromatic b  acrid flavor4 ,!y are n  
n[ us$ 9 cook]y ?\gh receipts are  /ill 
extant :i* prove !m to h once be5       
consid]$ a valuable  cul9>y spice4 ,!   
,lat9 poets relate t ! anci5ts us$ cum9 
se$s m$ic9ally1 _! effect be+ to produce
 languor4 ,!y are  ref]r$ to 9 ,isaiah z
 be+ 8beat5 out ) a rod0 & also 9 !     
,mosaic law reg>d+ ti!s4    ,cori&] is a
 small umbellif]\s plant native to !    
ea/]n ( !  ,m$it]ranean c\ntries b n[   
cultivat$ q g5]ally 9 bo?  ,europe &    
,am]ica4 ,! fruits1 errone\sly call$ !  
se$s1 are  ne>ly always m5tion$ 9 !     
e>li] recipes = meats & pudd+s  & to ?is
 day _m a c\ntry h\sewife consid]s !m   
indisp5sable  to ! flavor+ ( dri$ apple 
pies4 ,! plant gr[s wild 9 all p>ts  (  
,pale/9e1 especially 9 ! ,jordan valley4
    ,illu/ration3 ,cori&]4    ,f5ugreek 
is an h]bace\s plant alli$ to ! clov]4  
,x is native to  ! ,asiatic c\ntries &  
is /ill cultivat$ 9 ,france & ,g]many4  
,! se$s 7 =m]ly us$ z a spice1 b n[ only

 z an +r$i5t  ( curry p[d]1 ow+ to _!   
/rong1 bitt] & unpleasant flavor4       
,gra9s ( ,p>adise are ! dri$ se$s ( a   
re$-l plant alli$ to  ! g+] family &    
indig5\s to we/]n ,africa4 ,! fruit :i* 
conta9s ! se$s is f\r or five in*es 9   
l5g? & ( a bright r$  color4 ,! se$ are 
n[ nev] us$1 except+ occasionally by    
brew]s4  ,=m]ly !y 7 e/eem$ z a spice = 
cook]y & 7 "o (  ! +r$i5ts ( ! fam\s    
,norwi* h]r+ pies ( old ,engl&4 ,9      
flavor !y are extremely hot & pung5t4   
,anise is a little annual ( ! ord]      
umbellif] & sc>cely m  ?an a foot 9     
height4 ,x is indig5\s to ,europe1      
al?\gh cultivat$  9 _m ( ! nor!rn       
,m$it]ranean c\ntries4 ,! se$s are      
p[]ful  aromatics1 us$ bo? m$ic9ally & 9
 ! prep>ation ( a liqueur  call$        
8anisette10 :i* is to ! ,italians :at   
kmmel is to !  ,g]mans4 ,! /> anise is a
 tree alli$ to ! magnolias1 ! se$s (    
:i* are /rong] & less pleasant ( flavor 
?an ^? ( ! common  anise4 ,!y are call$ 
/> anise$ f ! />-l %ape ( !  fruit4 ,!  

anise m5tion$ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t z "p ( !
 ti!s  is a diff]5t plant1 believ$ to be
 dill4    ,dill is a small h]b1 native  
to ,spa91 :i* produces umbellif]\s      
/alks ( yell[ fl[]s4 ,x is /ill         
cultivat$ 9 portions (  temp]ate        
,europe4 ,an aromatic oil is extract$ f 
! t9y se$s  :i* are also us$1 :ole1 =   
flavor+ pickles4    ,illu/ration3       
,c>away4    ,c>away is also an          
umbellif]\s plant gr[+ wild 9 ! mead[s  
& pa/ures ( bo? ,europe & ,asia4 ,x is  
cultivat$ = its mildly  aromatic se$s1  
al?\gh 9 ! nor!rn c\ntries ( ,europe !  
root1  :i* resembles ! p>snip1 is also  
eat54 ,no aromatic ( temp]ate  climates 
is m common ?an ! da9ty1 :ite-bloom+    
plant gr[+  9 ! kit*5 g>d5s ( bo?       
hemisph]es4 ,its se$s are us$ = !  spic+
 ( *eese1 cakes & c&ies1 & 9 ,g]many 9 !
 rye bread  call$ 8kmmel-brod10 :i* is  
univ]sally eat54 ,! se$s are also  us$ 9
 ! mak+ ( an aromatic cordial call$     
8kmmel40    ,basil is n n[ us$ z        
ext5sively 9 cook+ z =m]ly4 ,its native 

haunts are ,india & ,p]sia1 al?\gh s9ce 
x yields gracefully to  culture1 x is to
 be f\nd 9 _m old-fa%ion$ kit*5 g>d5s4  
,its  aromatic prop]ties are simil> to  
^? ( o!r g>d5 h]bs4    ,illu/ration3    
,basil4    ,*]vil is an umbellif]\s     
annual possess+ aromatic leaves &       
some:at resembl+ p>sley 9 flavor4 ,x is 
us$ 9 ,europe z a  pot-h]b = s\ps &     
/ews1 b is *iefly kn[n 9 ,am]ica z "o ( 
! obsolete delicacies :i* des]ve to be  
/ill popul>4 ,! root1  :i* is fle%y &   
fusi=m 9 %ape1 is cook$ & eat5 by !  p (
 s\!rn ,europe4    ,cel]y is a v]itable 
plebeian1 orig9ally gr[+ wild 9 ! dit*es
  & f5s ( ,europe1 a co>se1 (f5sive &   
poison\s vegetable4 ,few  plants are s  
susceptible to ! influ5ces ( cultivation
 & x is  difficult to recognize its     
un>i/ocratic prototype 9 ! t5d]1  :ite &
 aromatic /alks ( ! g>d5 product4 ,x    
belongs to !  p>sley family & e portion 
is useful to ! cook1 f !  da9tily curl$ 
tops :i* may be us$ = bo? flavor &      
g>ni%1 !  /alks :i* may be eat5 pla91   

dress$ raw 9 salad or cook$1 to !  se$s1
 ! flavor ( :i* makes ev5 ! poore/ (    
s\ps reli%able4  ,! se$s are n[ commonly
 gr\nd = ! mak+ ( 8cel]y salt0 or       
8cel]y pepp]10 z ! same product is      
v>i\sly call$4 ,a v>iety (  cel]y1 call$
 cel]iac1 is cultivat$ 9 c]ta9 ,european
 c\ntries1  notably ,g]many1 ! root     
only1 :i* is l>ge & fle%y1 be+ eat54  ,!
 fam\s 8wild cel]y0 ( ,*esapeake ,bay is
 simply 8eelgrass10 an  aquatic plant   
:i* be>s no relation%ip :atev] to !     
umbellif]1  ( :i* ord] cel]y is a       
species4    ,f5nel is an umbellif]\s    
plant1 native to portions ( temp]ate    
,europe & ,asia1 especially ,portugal4  
,! fruits possess an aromatic  flavor   
:ile ! t5d] %oots are us$ = salad4 ,!   
plant &  its cul9>y value 0 well kn[n to
 ! ,romans1 & x is to-day  cultivat$ 9  
bo? ,europe & ,am]ica4 ,! fruits ( !    
,european  f5nel are us$ 9 ! mak+ ( an  
aromatic dr9k1 :ile 9 ,am]ica  ! plant  
is *iefly cultivat$ = its leaves4 ,x has
 be5 said t  f5nel is to fi% :at m9t is 

to lamb1 & 9 c]ta9 ( ! s\!rn  /ates     
mack]el is consid]$ ( too /rong a flavor
 to be eat5 unless  cook$ ) f5nel4 ,!   
f5nel ?us us$ gr[s wild1 ! gre5 leaves  
be+ ti$ 9 bun*es & boil$ ) ! fi%4       
,bay leaves are ! leaves ( a %rub       
belong+ to ! laurel tribe1  :i* gr[s    
wild 9 ! ,m$it]ranean c\ntries4 ,among !
 ,greeks !  bay leaf 0 consecrat$ to !  
uses ( poetry1 h]oism & religion4  ,n   
until lat] times 0 x us$ z a flavor+ =  
foods & = !  decoration ( v>i\s di%es4  
,x gr[s wild 9 c]ta9 ( ! s\!rn  /ates b 
! leaves are usually export$ f ,europe1 
dri$4 ,!  leaves are us$ 9 s\ps1 /ews & 
pickles &1 al?\gh ! av]age  h\sewife    
f9ds x next to impossible to procure !m1
 sc>cely a  recipe = ^! articles ( food 
b includes bay leaves among its         
flavor+s4    ,illu/ration3 ,bay ,leaves4
    ,summ] savory is a h>dy little      
annual :i* has long gr[n wild 9  s\!rn  
,europe & is n[ l>gely cultivat$ =      
cul9>y use4 ,bo?  ! summ] & w9t]        
savories are fragrant & are valuable 9 !

  season+ ( sausages & gravies4         
,p>sley is a native ( ! isl& ( ,s>d9ia  
&1 hav+ be5 improv$  9 bo? fragrance &  
appe>ance by culture1 is m valuable ?an 
any o!r h]b = ! g>ni%+ ( di%es4 ,its    
curl$1 crisp1 gre5  leaves give ! poore/
 salad or meat a tempt+ appe>ance1 well 
su/a9$ by ! f95ess ( flavor x imp>ts4   
,its flavor some:at  resembles t (      
cel]y4 ,! little h]b may be se5 9 ne>ly 
e g>d5 dur+ ! summ] mon?s & (t5 9 a pot1
 or kit*5  w9d[-box dur+ ! w9t]1 f :i* x
 may be pluck$ fre%  daily4 ,! exp]i5c$ 
cook w\ld "p ) any o!r half doz5        
condim5ts m will+ly ?an ) p>sley4 ,!    
plant belongs to !  umbellif]1 :i* ord] 
includes ! c>rot1 p>snip & cel]y4 ,x  is
 said to h come orig9ally f ,egypt &    
my?ology repres5ts  ,h]cules z adorn+ 8 
head ) its curl$ leaves4    ,?yme1 a    
little "u %rub native to ! ,m$it]ranean 
c\ntries1 is  alli$ botanically to sage1
 summ] savory & sweet basil4 ,x         
possesses  v small leaves & :orls ( t9y1
 lilac-color$ fl[]s1 f  :i* ?ymol or oil

 ( ?yme1 a valuable g]micide1 is        
di/ill$4 ,9  flavor x is fragrant &     
aromatic & x may be readily cultivat$ 9 
g>d5s4 ,! wild ?yme ( our banks 8:]e    
ox-lips & ! nodd+  violet gr[s10 is a   
diff]5t v>iety ( ! same ord]4 ,its "n is
  d]iv$ f ! ,greek ^w ?umos1 mean+      
inc5se or p]fume4    ,illu/ration3      
,?yme4    ,sage is a small plant ( !    
ord] labiat1 & is native to  s\!rn      
,europe4 ,x has be5 s greatly *ang$ by  
cultivation t  little semblance ( !     
orig9al plant n[ rema9s 9 ! sage ( our  
g>d5s except+ ! flavor4 ,x 0 kn[n to !  
anci5ts & to-day  its fragrant1 grayi%  
gre5 leaves con/itute "o ( our commone/ 
flavor+s4    ,x 0 an ,engli%man :o once 
said t 8m9t made lamb out ( an old      
%eep06 ,p]haps he lov$ x also because ( 
! leg5d t x once  exi/$ 9 ! =m ( a      
beautiful maid51 trans=m$ by ,p]sephone 
into ! mode/ aromatic ( our g>d5s4 ,!   
m9t designat$ is t  memb] ( ! labiate   
family kn[n z spe> m9t1 native to       
,europe  b gr[n 9 all portions ( !      

,unit$ ,/ates & l>gely m>ket$4  ,x is a 
small1 gre5 h]b1 ! leaves be+ highly    
aromatic &1 :5  bruis$1 yield+ a        
valuable ess5tial oil4 ,x is equally    
lik$ 9 !  m9t sauce s indisp5sable to   
mutton & ! m9t-julep--                  
8,?is cordial julep "h1      ,t flames &
 dances 9 8 cry/al b\nds40              
,illu/ration3 ,m9t4    ,sweet m>joram   
gr[s wild 9 ,spa9 & ,portugal &1 9 a    
cultivat$  /ate1 ?r\gh\t ,europe & !    
,unit$ ,/ates4 ,x is a memb] ( !  m9t   
family &1 l spe> m9t1 possesses aromatic
 leaves4    ,t>ragon is a small1        
aromatic h]b1 native to ,lib]ia4 ,x is  
cultivat$  9 ,europe & is ! e/ragon ( ! 
,fr5*1 :o use ! "y plants  l>gely =     
salads4 ,x is h>dy1 & is gr[n ext5sively
 9 ,am]ica1  be+ us$ = flavor+ v9eg>1   
mu/>d & pickles4 ,t>ragon  v9eg>1 f !   
excell5ce ( its flavor1 %\ld h a place 9
  e h\sehold4    ,illu/ration3 ,t>ragon4
    ,! onion is believ$ to h orig9at$ 9 
,egypt al?\gh x 0 kn[n  9 v e>ly times 9
 ,india4 ,9 ! =m] c\ntry x 0 wor%ip$ z  

a deity4 8,cucumb]s1 & ! melons1 & !    
leeks1 & ! onions1 &  ! g>lick0 =m$ !   
daily food ( ! ,israelites 9 ,egypt4    
,italy  & ,spa9 are n[ not$ = ! imm5se  
size ( ! onions gr[n !re1  z also are ! 
,b]muda ,isl&s4 ,^? ( ! latt] place     
possess a  f> mild] flavor1 a condition 
due to soil & climate4 ,! flavor (      
onion1 :5 /rong1 is unpleasant to "s p  
to a nauseat+ degree  & x is h>d to see 
9 x any resemblance to its da9ty c\s9s1 
! lily & ! hyac9?4 ,b :5 skillfully us$ 
x is a valuable  & :olesome cul9>y      
condim5t & is m l>gely employ$ by !     
av]age cook ?an ! un9itiat$ ev] suspect4
 ,says "o au?or3 8,!  onion is ! %eet   
an*or ( ! skillful cook4 ,x is          
impossible to  prep>e ! delicate        
,bordelaise sauce )\t resort+ to ! use (
  onions & a %ade ( g>lic1 444 & x is ! 
judici\s use ( ^!  two season+s t /amps 
! exp]t cook40    ,! leek is a memb] ( !
 onion family1 simil> 9 flavor1 al?\gh  
mild]1 & ! leaves ( :i* are flat in/ead 
( tubul>4 ,x has  be5 /at$ t 9 ,engl& ! 

leek 0 once consid]$ to be !  typical   
plant1 bo? onion & g>lic be+ b species4 
,! diet ( !  soldi]s ( anci5t ,greece 0 
at "o "t leeks & *eese1 a cu/om  :i*    
,bulw] has satiriz$ 9 a ,neo-,greek     
outbur/ ( rhyme3            8,away1     
away1 ) ! helm & greaves1          ,away
 ) ! leeks & *eese6      ,i h conqu]$ my
 passion = w\nds & bl[s1      ,& ! wor/ 
t ,i wi% to ! wor/ ( my foes            
,is ! glory & ga9              ,( a     
ye>'s campaign          ,on a diet (    
leeks & *eese60    ,g>lic possesses an  
onion-l bulb ar\nd :i* small] bulbs     
clu/]1  ! :ole cov]$ by a membran\s out]
 lay]4 ,ea* bulb is describ$  z a       
8clove0 ( g>lic & 9 flavor is f> m      
demon/rative ?an  onion4 ,%allot1 on !  
contr>y1 is ! da9tie/ ( ! onion tribe1  
gr[+ f a clu/] ( roots & nev] =m+ a     
compact bulb4    ,illu/ration3 ,g>lic4  
,saffron1 a plant ( ! crocus family1 0  
l>gely us$ 9 m$ival  ,europe z a        
condim5t1 al?\gh to-day its value z a   
color+  sub/ance is consid]$ ( mo/      

acc\nt4 ,! color+ matt] is  obta9$ f !  
/igmas ( ! fl[]1 :i* are ( a deep orange
  hue4 ,! plant gr[s wild 9 ,asia ,m9or1
 is possibly native to ,arabia1  & has  
long be5 ext5sively cultivat$ ?r\gh\t ! 
,m$it]ranean  c\ntries4 ,t export$ f    
,spa9 is consid]$ ! f9e/4 ,at "o  "t 9  
,g]many ! adult]ation ( saffron 0 held  
crim9al &  puni%able by dea?4 ,hi/ory   
records ! burn+1 9 #addd1 ( a man  ) 8  
adult]at$ saffron &1 a doz5 ye>s lat]1 !
 burn+  ( two m5 & a woman = a simil>   
(f5se4 ,! salut>y effect (  ?is p5alty 0
 n p]man5t1 h[ev]1 z x is to-day        
ext5sively  adult]at$ ) a *eap] article 
kn[n z saffl[]4 ,9 ! ,ori5t1 a  few     
nations /ill add saffron to _! rice bo? 
= flavor & color  :ile 9 ,europe x is n[
 mo/ l>gely us$ = color+ mac>oni1       
v]micelli & o!r pa/es4 ,saffron is      
m5tion$ 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t  9 connection 
) spik5>d1 c9namon & o!r spices1 &      
appe>s  to h be5 us$ by ! e>ly ,greeks  
m$ic9ally1 & z bo? dye &  p]fume4       
,cap]s are ! unop5$ fl[]s ( a l[1 trail+

 %rub :i* gr[s  wild 9 ,africa & s\!rn  
,europe4 ,x is native to ,italy & is    
said  to h gr[n wild ^u ! walls ( anci5t
 ,rome4 ,x is cultivat$ 9  ,france1 only
 ! small1 grayi% gre51 fl[] buds be+ (  
comm]cial  value4 ,!y possess an        
aromatic & slightly pung5t flavor &1 :5 
pres]v$ z is usual 9 ei!r salt or v9eg>1
 are us$ = flavor+  gravies1 be+        
well-nigh indisp5sable 9 ! s]v+ ( roa/  
mutton4  ,f\r or five grades ( cap]s are
 export$1 ! f9e/ grade consi/+  ( !     
t9ie/ & mo/ p]fect buds :i* gradually   
dim9i% 9 value  z !y increase 9 size4   
,illu/ration3 ,cap]s4    ,turm]ic1 :ile 
class$ ) condim5ts ow+ to its pung5t &  
aromatic prop]ties1 is mo/ ext5sively   
us$ z a color+ ag5t4 ,x  is obta9$ f !  
root ( ! curcuma longa1 a plant alli$ to
 !  g+] family & native to ,india &     
,annam4 ,x is us$ z a condim5t  only by 
! ,ori5tals :o flavor _! rice ) x1 its  
greate/ value  to ! cook+ _w be+ due to 
! fact t x is "o ( ! *ief  +r$i5ts (    
curry p[d]4    ,curry p[d] is a         

manufactur$ condim5t1 "o ( ! mo/        
aromatic  & highly season$ us$4 ,x      
orig9at$ 9 ! ,ea/ ,indies1 ?r\gh  !     
skill ( :om x is n kn[n4 ,! /ory goes t 
! fam$ &  delici\s cook]y ( ! ,ori5t    
came ab\t 9 ?is fa%ion4 ,! e>ly         
,engli%1 ,fr5* & ,dut*1 :5 sett+ out = !
 ,ea/ ,indies1 ea*  det]m9$ to seize &  
appropriate ! isl&s1 spices & all2 =    
fe> ( be+ compell$ to eat poor &        
unappetiz+ food took )  !m _! mo/       
accompli%$ cooks4 ,f ! fri5dly conc\rse 
(  ^! *efs arose c]ta9 ( ! celebrat$    
ea/]n di%es1 & f  its +r$i5ts x is easy 
to believe t curry 0 "o ( !m2 =  9 x are
 unit$1 ) ! h]bs ( ! temp]ate zones1 !  
spices  & fruits ( ! tropics4 ,! +r$i5ts
 us$ v>y 9 "*  & 9 proportion accord+ to
 ! diff]5t h\ses or localities          
manufactur+ x4 ,"o recipe calls = !     
foll[+3 turm]ic1 black  pepp]1 cay5ne   
pepp]1 nutmeg1 g+]1 cloves1 c9namon1    
allspice1  c>damon se$s1 cori&] se$s1   
cum9 se$s1 c>away se$s &  f5ugreek4 ,9  
,india ! foll[+ +r$i5ts are sometimes   

us$1  besides ^? above nam$3 anise1     
almonds1 asaftida1 butt] 7ghee71        
cocoanut & cocoa oil1 cream & curds1    
v>i\s nuts1 g>lic1 lime  juice1 mangoes1
 saffron1 salt1 & tam>9ds4 ,9 ,india    
alone !re  exi/ ne>ly =ty diff]5t me?ods
 ( prep>+ curry1 to :i* li/  might be   
add$ ! recipes ( ! num]\s spice h\ses ( 
,europe &  ,am]ica4 ,! +r$i5ts ( curry  
are always f9ely gr\nd & well  mix$4 ,:5
 lime-juice & butt] or oil are add$ to !
 curry1 a  pa/e is prep>$4 ,?is is      
pres]v$ by be+ pack$ 9 e>!n j>s4  ,!    
curries & curry pa/es ( ,ceylon & ,java 
7^! be+ (t5  comb9$ ) g>lic7 are q z    
celebrat$ z ^? ( ,india1 :ile  ! ,engli%
 & ,am]ican prep>ations rank enviably   
high4    ,illu/ration3 ,mu/>d4    ,!    
mu/>d ( comm]ce consi/s ( ! pulv]iz$ se$
 ( ! mu/>d  plant1 :i* gr[s wild 9      
,engl& & :i* may be cultivat$ 9  ne>ly e
 "p ( ! globe1 ev5 9 ,india4 ,! use (   
mu/>d z  a condim5t dates f !           
,elizabe?an age1 al?\gh x 0 us$         
m$ic9ally by ! mo/ celebrat$ physicians 

( antiquity4 ,x 0  fir/ comp\nd$ 9 its  
pres5t =m = table use by an old lady (  
,durham1 f :i* circum/ance x came to be 
widely celebrat$ z  8,durham mu/>d40 ,"o
 ( ! m]*ants1 to :om ?is indu/ri\s old  
lady sold h] mu/>d1 is cr$it$ ) say+ t  
he ow$ 8 weal?1  n to ! mu/>d :i* p ate 
b to t :i* !y left on  _! plates4 ,two  
v>ieties ( mu/>d are cultivat$1 "o      
produc+  :ite se$s1 ! o!r1 se$s :i* are 
t9y & black4 ,bo? v>ieties  ( se$s are  
us$1 :ole1 9 ! spic+ ( pickles4 ,x is   
requisite  t mu/>d possess good keep+   
qualities1 t x be ( a bright  yell[     
color1 & h an aromatic z well z pung5t  
flavor4    ,illu/ration3 ,g+]4          
,horse-radi% is a plant alli$ to !      
na/urtium &1 l ! se$s  & /ems ( ! latt]1
 possesses a %>ply pung5t flavor4 ,x is 
native to ,engl& & we/]n ,europe al?\gh 
cultivat$ 9 ne>ly all  portions ( !     
temp]ate zone4 ,! root1 :i* is l>ge &   
fle%y1 is  grat$1 mix$ ) salt & v9eg>1 &
 us$ z a condim5t4 ,x may  be prep>$ 9  
season & bottl$1 ei!r ) v9eg> or        

dessicat$1  keep+ = use dur+ ! rema9d] (
 ! ye>4    ,g+] is a flag-l plant1      
probably native to ! ,ea/ & ,we/        
,indies1 ! rhizomat\s root ( :i* is !   
only portion comm]cially  valuable4     
,accord+ to "s au?orities g+] 0 kn[n to 
!  e>lie/ ( ! ,greeks & ,romans & has   
be5 a common spice among  ! nations (   
,europe1 includ+ ,engl&1 s9ce ! elev5?  
c5tury4  ,"u ! ,plantag5ets & ,tudors   
g+] 0 us$ z a flavor+ =  meats1 unlike !
 mod]n cu/om ( us+ x only 9 curries1    
cakes &  bev]ages4 ,to-day g+] is       
export$ f bo? ! ,indies1 t f  ,jamaica  
be+ p>ticul>ly f9e1 f ,africa1 f ,*9a1 f
 ,india  & f ,borneo4 ,! ,african g+] is
 ( excell5t flavor b ( d>k  color4 ,x is
 *iefly sold to bak]s4 ,t f ,borneo is  
good =  h\sehold use1 hav+ a sweet &    
aromatic flavor & conta9+ v  little     
fibre4 ,f ,calcutta ! 8race0 or 8h&0 g+]
 is export$1 s  call$ because ( !       
palmate %ape ( ! root4 ,x is export$    
be=e  be+ decorticat$ & is n a high     
grade g+]4 ,! root is (t5  pres]v$ 9    

sug>1 be+ tak5 :5 "y & succul5t4 ,x may 
be  pres]v$ :ole or cut into cubes or   
slices4 ,bo? pres]v$ & dri$  x is l>gely
 export$ f ,*9a & ,japan4    ,*ili is ! 
,spani% "n = ! pod ( ! cay5ne1 ! ,gu9ea 
pepp]1 & o!r species ( capsicum4        
,capsicum is a memb] ( !  night %ade    
family1 9 no way relat$ to ! true pepp]4
 ,x is native  to tropical ,am]ica1     
al?\gh n[ f\nd 9 ne>ly all ( ! w>m]     
c\ntries4 ,cay5ne is ! pod ( ! capsicum 
pulv]iz$ to extreme  f95ess4 ,x %\ld be 
( a dull1 r$ color &1 if v r$1 is q     
likely to be adult]at$1 (t5 ) r$ lead or
 v]milion4 ,cay5ne  pepp] is1 p]haps1 ! 
mo/ acrid & pung5t aromatic us$ & is    
also valuable m$ic9ally4 ,!re are _m    
v>ieties ( capsicum1 !  mo/ not$ be+ !  
capsicum annuum1 cultivat$ 9 ! ,ea/     
,indies1  9 ,mexico & s\!rn p>ts ( !    
,unit$ ,/ates1 & f :i*  cay5ne pepp] is 
made2 & ! capsicum frutesc5s1 ! ,gu9ea  
or  bird pepp]1 a mu* small] pod & :i*1 
dri$ :ole1 is mo/ (t5  us$ 9 cook]y4    
,*ilis are us$ 9 enorm\s quantities by  

natives (  hot c\ntries1 a p>adoxical   
cu/om x appe>s to be1 & ! hotte/1  mo/  
8pepp]y0 di%es kn[n h orig9at$ :]e !    
sunbeam is  ne>e/ v]tical4 ,^? be/ kn[n 
to ,am]icans are ! *ili con  c>ne & !   
*ick5 tomale ( ,mexico4 ,9 ! s\!rn /ates
  cay5ne is cu/om>ily add$ to all meats1
 s\ps & /ews4 ,capsicum  is an agreeable
 & valuable /imulant1 hav+ ! m$ic9al    
effect (  alcohol )\t disa/r\s results f
 its use4    ,illu/ration3 ,*ili ,pepp]4
    ,mix$ season+s are n[ to be f\nd 9  
ne>ly all m>kets & 9 po9t  ( conv5i5ce  
des]ve to be popul>4 ,!y consi/ ( !     
aromatic  h]bs & spices1 mix$ & prep>$  
by exp]ts & int5d$ = !  season+ ( p\ltry
 & meats ( all k9ds4    ,p5ang or mix$  
spices1 are also a mod]n prep>ation &   
are useful 9  cook+1 pickl+ & pres]v+4  
,!y consi/ ( aromatic & pung5t  spices  
mix$ 9 v>y+ proportions4    ,among      
condim5ts prep>$ f animal foods1 ^? ( ! 
an*ovy1  lob/]1 %rimp1 & ,y>m\? bloat]  
are ! mo/ common4 ,! an*ovy  is a t9y1  
silv]y fi%1 caught 9 ! ,m$it]ranean sea 

9 va/  quantities4 ,! mo/ fam\s come f  
,gorgona1 a small isl& ne>  ,leghorn1   
:]e !y are caught 9 nets z !y come 9 f !
 deep]  wat]s = ! purpose ( deposit+    
spawn4 ,an*ovies 7 us$ z  a condim5t by 
! mo/ luxuri\s ( ! ,romans1 "o          
prep>ation1  call$ 8g>um10 consi/+ ( !  
p>tly decompos$ inte/9es ( ?is  fi% mix$
 ) spices4 ,!y are n[ export$ = use z a 
condim5t  to all p>ts ( ! _w1 be+       
pres]v$ :ole z well z 9 !  =m ( pa/es & 
ess5ces4 ,! pa/es are prep>$ by press+ !
  fi% ?r\gh a sieve1 simple flavor+s &  
"s oil be+ add$4  ,! ess5ces consi/ ( ! 
fi% /eep$ 9 a highly spic$ br9e or      
pickle1 !n /ra9$ & bottl$4 ,ess5ces (   
lob/]1 %rimp1 &  v>i\s fi% are simil>ly 
prep>$4    ,v>i\s appetiz+ mixtures     
int5d$ to give reli% to meats1 fi% &    
s\ps1 & compos$ ( vegetables1 fruits &  
div]s spices1 are kn[n  z sauces4       
8,roots1 h]bs1 v9e fruits & salad-fl[]s1
 !y di% up  v>i\s ways & f9d !m a v     
delici\s sauce to _! meats1 bo?  roa/$ &
 boil$1 fre% & salt40 ,no o!r sauce made

 comp>es )  g5u9e ,ea/ ,indian *utney4  
,x is a ?ick sauce1 made f ! mango      
apple1 *ilies1 spices1 lemon juice1     
rais9s1 figs1 salt & sug>4  ,^? mo/     
celebrat$ are ! ,b5gal ,club1 ,t]hoot1  
,sweet ,luckn[ & a  numb] ( club        
*utneys4 ,tr9idad *utney is p>ticul>ly  
f9e4 ,ceylon  *utney is (t5 slightly    
flavor$ ) g>lic4 ,ano!r k9d is 8mango   
*utney1 a *>act]i/ic ,s+alese condim5t1 
among ! +r$i5ts (  :i* are fre%1 grat$  
cocoanut & *ilies c>efully bray$ toge!r 
9 a mort>4 ,?is *utney is ( a ri*       
roseate hue2 & aft] eat+ x  ) 8 prawn   
curry ! epicure feels l ! ,gr& ,turk40  
,c>a*i is a sauce little kn[n 9 ,am]ica1
 al?\gh1 z x is mu*  lik$ abroad1 ,i    
give a recipe = its mak+1 :i*           
suffici5tly  def9es its "*3 "o head (   
g>lic1 "o dess]t spoonful (  cay5ne     
pepp]1 ?ree table spoonsful ea*1 ( soy1 
mu%room ket*up1  walnut pickle1 & mango 
pickle1 five an*ovies & a p9t ( v9eg>4  
,cass>eep consi/s ( ! inspissat$ juice (
 ! root ( ! bitt]  cassava1 flavor$ )   

v>i\s spices4 ,f ! cassava1 or manioc1  
is prep>$ tapioca & also cassava fl\r ( 
:i* bread is made4 ,!  root is poison\s 
because ( ! prussic acid conta9$1 ?is1  
h[ev]1  be+ dissipat$ by heat4 ,aft] !  
juice is extract$1 x is boil$  d[n to ! 
color & consi/5cy ( molasses1 aft] :i*  
spices are  add$4 ,x is ! basis (       
,worce/]%ire & _m o!r sauces & is       
valuable 9 ! flavor+ ( s\ps & rag\ts4 ,x
 is l>gely export$  f ,briti% ,guiana & 
is us$ ?r\gh\t ! tropics4               
,worce/]%ire sauce is "o ( ! commone/ ( 
table condim5ts4 ,x  is prep>$ f        
cass>eep & v>y+ proportions ( spices1   
g>lic1  pepp]s1 & lime-juice1 accord+ to
 ! ta/es ( ! v>i\s h\ses  manufactur+ x4
    ,bo? lime-juice & ,devon%ire sauces 
are simil> 9 prep>ation &  flavor to    
,worce/]%ire1 ! =m] be+ q acid1 ow+ to !
  great] proportion ( lime-juice us$4   
,ket*up is a sauce made v>i\sly f       
tomatoes1 mu%rooms1 walnuts1  oy/]s1    
etc4 ,x %\ld be semi-fluid1 ab\t !      
consi/5cy ( a good  pure &1 al?\gh      

spices may be add$1 ! orig9al flavor ( !
  basic +r$i5ts mu/ always be pres]v$4  
,color is "o desid]atum4  ,9 tomato     
ket*up ! sauce is always made ( ! ripe  
tomato fruit1  al?\gh1 z ! color is     
sometimes produc$ artificially1 ! only  
safegu>d lies 9 pur*as+ ( reliable      
manufactur]s4 ,! tomato  ket*up is a    
typical ,am]ican sauce1 correspond+ 9   
our diet>y )  ! mu%room ket*up ( !      
,engli%4    ,soy or %oyu is 9 g5]al use 
?r\gh\t ! ,ea/1 p>ticul>ly 9  ,*9a &    
,japan1 t f ! latt] c\ntry be+ ackn[l$g$
 !  f9e/ made4 ,"o au?ority /ates t our 
^w ket*up is d]iv$  f ! ,*9ese "n = soy1
 kitjap4 ,! basis ( soy1 ! soy  bean1   
has be5 cultivat$ 9 ,japan s9ce ! e>lie/
 dyna/ies1 & is  to-day "o ( _!         
important crops4 ,! diff]5t v>ieties ( !
 soy  bean produce ?ree k9ds ( soy kn[n 
z ! black1 ! gre5 & !  :ite4 ,! process 
( mak+ soy consi/s 9 fir/ boil+ ! beans 
& mix+ !m ) p>*$ b>ley & :eat1 co>sely  
gr\nd4 ,?is  b>m is f]m5t$ & :5 ! :ole  
mixture is cov]$ ) fungi  x is mix$ )   

br9e ( a c]ta9 /r5g?1 :i* has already   
be5  boil$ & all[$ to cool4 ,?is mixture
 is !n kept = f]m5tation  ab\t          
tw5ty-five mon?s4 ,x is /irr$ ) a wood5 
paddle twice a  day dur+ w9t]1 ?ree     
times a day 9 summ] &1 :5 suffici5tly   
f]m5t$1 is put ?r\gh a soy press4 ,x is 
!n heat$ to #acj degrees  ,fahr5heit &1 
aft] becom+ cold aga91 is put up 9      
bottles &  casks4 ,x may be pres]v$ =   
any l5g? ( "t4 ,9 appe>ance x  resembles
 ,worce/]%ire sauce & f a nutritive po9t
 ( view is  sup]ior to any o!r sauce 9  
our m>kets4    ,soy is manufactur$ 9 e  
"p ( ,japan1 no few] ?an #aj1fhb firms  
be+ engag$ 9 mak+ x 9 #ahia4 ,x is eat5 
by ! entire ,japanese  population ) e   
meal &1 besides be+ a sauce1 is         
suffici5t  z a salt4 ,us$ ^u fi%1       
beef-/eaks & meats1 g5]ally1 x gives  a 
reli% t is impossible to ! *oice/ (     
cook]y o!rwise4 ,9  ,japan x is us$ by  
all classes except+ ! extremely         
de/itute1 :o  _c af=d to buy x4         
,tabasco is a popul> sauce1 ! *ief      

+r$i5t ( :i* is ! pulp  ( ! r$ pepp]4   
,?is1 a species ( *ili1 came orig9ally f
  ,c5tral ,am]ica & ?r\gh cultivation1  
l>gely c>ri$ on 9 !  ,s\?1 its /r5g? &  
flavor h be5 greatly improv$4 ,! sauce  
is  extremely hot ) *ilis &1 z x keeps  
well 9 any climate1 x is  lik$ by       
connoisseurs4    ,!re are on ! m>ket    
num]\s prep>ations kn[n z salad dress+s4
  ,!y are useful 9 cases ( inexp]i5ce or
 em]g5cy1 b are by no  means equal to ! 
fre%ly made mayonnaise ( ! home kit*54  
,!re  is real art 9 prep>+ a good       
mayonnaise & a ,spani% prov]b reads3    
8,f\r p]sons are necess>y to ! mak+ ( a 
salad dress+3 a  sp5d?rift = oil1 a mis]
 = v9eg>1 a c\nsellor = salt & a  madman
 to /ir x all up40    ,pickles are ^?   
articles ( food1 fruit or vegetables1   
:i* are  pres]v$ by imm]sion 9 v9eg>1 ) 
or )\t ! addition (  salt or spices4    
,cucumb] & gre5 tomato pickles are !    
commone/  v>ieties4 ,:5 vegetables are  
mix$1 z ) *[-*[1 piccalilli  & 8mix$    
pickles10 cucumb]s1 small onions1 gre5  

beans1 cabbage1  pepp]-pods1 caulifl[] &
 v>i\s spices are us$4 ,fruits1 su* z   
apple1 melon1 pea*1 crab-apple & pe> are
 also pickl$4    ,pickl$ sanphire1      
al?\gh at "o "t popul>ly us$ z a        
condim5t1  is n[ little kn[n outside (  
,engl&4 ,x is a v>iety ( sea-we$  & gr[s
 ^u dang]\s & rocky cliffs4 ,%akespe>e  
ref]s to  8! sanphire ga!r]'s dang]\s   
trade10 & ano!r poet has  apo/rophiz$ ! 
8,gre5 girdles & cr[ns ( ! sea gods1    
,cool blossoms ( wat] & foam10    q     
omitt+ to m5tion ! fact t ! 8girdles &  
cr[ns0 make1  :5 *opp$ & pack$ 9 v9eg>1 
a mo/ delici\s pickle4 ,unlike  mo/     
condim5ts1 ?is is1 z are all seawe$s1   
nutriti\s4 ,! p  ( ! ,s&wi* ,isl&s1 z   
well z ! ,engli%1 consid] sanphire1  bo?
 ! true & false v>ieties1 a *oice       
condim5t4 ,x is specially  lik$ :5 s]v$ 
) mutton4    ,"o ( ! *oice/ ( condim5ts 
is ! olive4 ,x is ! fruit (  an ev]gre5 
tree1 native to ,syria & l[] ,asia b n[ 
cultivat$  ext5sively 9 s\!rn ,europe & 
,cali=nia4 ,unlike mo/ pickles  x may be

 class$ z a food1 ow+ to ! oil conta9$4 
,! fruit  is pick$ by h& & c>efully     
sort$ ab\t six weeks be=e x  w\ld rip54 
,x is fir/ plac$ 9 /rong lye = ab\t     
tw5ty-f\r  h\rs1 !n remov$ to fre% wat] 
:]e x may rema9 sev]al days4  ,aft]     
sev]al wa%+s 9 fre% wat] ! olives are   
remov$ &  pack$ 9 br9e4 ,!y are ready = 
use 9 f "o to ?ree mon?s4  ,! resid5ts (
 ! olive di/ricts bo? 9 ,greece1 ,spa91 
& 9  ,cali=nia (t5 pref] ! olive pres]v$
 aft] x has rip5$1 !  oil hav+ !n matur$
 & ! flavor be+ f9]4 ,among ! export    
trade !re is mu* prejudice aga9/ x ow+  
to its dull1 black  color4 ,olives %\ld 
be ( good color1 crisp & firm1 b nev]   
t\gh4  ,! ,spani% & ,italian olives are 
widely popul> b are really no  f9] ?an !
 be/ ,cali=nia products4    ,! c&le-nut1
 us$ z a reli% & some:at resembl+ a gre5
  walnut1 is ! fruit ( a tropical tree4 
,x is *opp$ f9e1 pack$ 9  j>s1 or       
bottl$1 ) salt add$4 ,z a reli% x is    
highly priz$1  specially by ! natives ( 
! ,s&wi* ,isl&s4    ,illu/ration3       

,c&le-nut4    ,flavors are us$ almo/    
entirely 9 ! mak+ ( sweetmeats1 c&ies  &
 pa/ry4 ,vanilla is p]haps ! mo/ *oice1 
be+ inv>iably us$  9 ! prep>ation (     
*ocolate & cocoa = ! m>ket4 ,! vanilla  
v9e is an or*id1 native to ,c5tral      
,am]ica1 & cultivat$ 9 ,s\?  ,am]ica1 ! 
,we/ ,indies1 ,mexico1 & ^u ! isl&s ( ! 
,indian  & s\!rn ,pacific oceans4 ,!    
vanilla ( comm]ce is made f  ! delicate1
 volatile oil extract$ f ! se$-pods4 ,^!
 are  sev]al in*es 9 l5g? & great c>e is
 ex]t$ 9 cur+ t !  flavor be n de/roy$4 
,! cur+ process occupies ab\t six mon?s4
  ,! vanilla plant be>s fruit :5 ab\t   
?ree ye>s old1 rema9+  productive =     
?irty or =ty ye>s4 ,! be/ vanilla is    
export$ f  ,mexico1 :ile t f ,brazil is 
( an inf]ior quality4    ,! ,tonka bean1
 call$ also ,tongua & ,tonqu9 bean1 is  
frequ5tly  sold z a sub/itute = or      
adult]ant ( vanilla4 ,x belongs to !    
legum9os1 produc+ ?ick1 %ort pods f :i* 
an oil1 resembl+  vanilla1 is extract$4 
,! tree is common 9 ,briti% ,guiana & ! 

tropics & gr[s to an imm5se size4 ,x is 
mu* *eap] comm]cially  ?an vanilla4     
,illu/ration3 ,vanilla ,v9e & ,bean4    
,! extract ( bitt] almond consi/s ( a   
t9cture made f !  k]nel ( ! nut4 ,! tree
 ( ! bitt] almond orig9at$1 x is        
believ$1 9 ,prussia1 al?\gh n[ gr[+ wild
 9 s\!rn ,europe4  ,! flavor obta9$ f ! 
k]nel is due to ! prussic acid  develop$
 9 ! process ( mak+ ! t9cture4 ,a simil>
 flavor  exi/s 9 ! k]nel & leaves ( !   
pea*1 a tree alli$ botanically  to !    
almond4 ,flavor+ extracts are also made 
f ! orange1 lemon1  /rawb]ry1 & o!r     
fruits4 ,!y are also produc$ *emically1 
z  _m alleg$ fruit-flavors f\nd ^u !    
m>ket prove1 f !  coal-t> products4     
,! pi/a*io or pi/a*e nut is p>ticul>ly  
lik$ by confection]s  because ( its     
delicate flavor1 resembl+ t ( ! almond4 
,x is  ! k]nel ( a p9e-tree1 is small & 
( a light gre5 color4 ,x is  native to  
,europe & ! f> ,ea/4    ,cordials or    
liqueurs are us$ bo? = flavor+ pa/ries &
 ices  &1 9 ! way ( bev]ages1 z aids to 

! dige/ion4 ,9 ! latt]  case !y are tak5
 9 v small quantities j at ! close ( a  
meal4    ,curaoa is "o ( ! mo/ celebrat$
 ( cordials4 ,x 0 orig9ally  made 9 !   
isl& ( ,curaoa1 :5ce its "n1 & is prep>$
 f  limes1 orange peel & spices4 ,x is  
/ill an important s\rce (  rev5ue to its
 native isl&4    ,noyau is a liqueur    
made f br&y1 flavor$ ) bitt] almond4    
,ratafia is a liqueur simil> to ,curaoa 
& noyau1 :i* is flavor$  ) pea* & almond
 extracts & spic$4    ,anisette & kmmel 
h be5 already m5tion$1 ! =m] a cordial  
made by ! ,fr5* & ,italians & flavor$ ) 
anise$2 ! latt]1  a ,g]man & ,russian   
liqueur1 flavor$ ) kmmel or c>away se$4 
,abs9! is a bitt] & aromatic cordial1 ! 
bitt]ness be+ due to  ! use ( wormwood 9
 its prep>ation4 ,x is p>ticul>ly       
p]nici\s  & trea*]\s to use if tak5 be=e
 meals1 z is (t5 ! cu/om1  in/ead (     
aft]w>d4 ,x is l>gely us$ by ! ,fr5*4   
,m>as*9o is an aromatic cordial1 !      
flavor ( :i* is produc$ by  ! use ( !   
bitt] almond & ! ,italian *]ry4         

,*>treuse 0 orig9ally prep>$ by ! monks 
( a mona/]y ( t  "n 9 ,france4 ,= obvi\s
 reasons ! ,pope prohibit$ its          
manufacture  by !m 9 #ahfd & ! orig9al  
receipt 0 lo/4 ,!re are f\r k9ds  n[    
made1 ( :i* ! gre5 is p]haps ! mo/      
popul>4 ,*>treuse  possesses ! fragrance
 ( g>d5 h]bs1 ! aroma ( v>i\s spices1   
fl[]s & nuts1 & ev5 ! balsamy fragrance 
( ! "y1 gre5  tassel f ! p9e tree4 ,^!  
cordials are m l>gely us$ 9  ,france &  
,italy ?an any:]e else4 ,ow+ to a gr[+  
s5tim5t  aga9/ _! use1 !y are tol]at$ to
 only a limit$ ext5t 9  ,am]ica al?\gh1 
because ( _! common use z flavor+s1 !y  
are  "h m5tion$4    ,vegetable acids are
 also l>gely us$ = ! flavor+ ( foods4   
,"o  ( ! olde/ kn[n is v]juice1 us$ by !
 anci5ts z a bev]age4  ,its use 9 cook]y
 is believ$ to h orig9at$ 9 m$ival      
,france4  ,x is made f ! juice (        
crab-apples & ( unripe grapes4    ,v9eg>
 is a develop$ acid4 ,! ^w comes f !    
,fr5*  v9-aigre1 mean+ s\r w9e4 ,if     
simple cane sug> be mix$ )  wat] & "s   

f]m5t1 x w turn to grape sug>1 !n to    
alcohol1  !n to v9eg>4 ,h[ev]1 ! be/    
v9eg> n[ us$ is a fruit acid1  ei!r f   
apple or grape4 ,x is also made f ! r$ &
 :ite  w9es & f s\r be]1 ! latt] be+    
kn[n z malt v9eg>4 ,9  ,engl& ! law     
all[s a p]c5tage ( sulphuric acid to be 
add$ to  malt v9eg> :ile 9 ,am]ica bo?  
sulphuric & muriatic acids are  consid]$
 adult]ants4 ,v9eg> is ! "o indisp5sable
 +r$i5t (  pickles & v>i\s sauces z well
 z a valuable condim5t4    ,limes &     
lemons1 simil> fruits1 conta9 l>ge      
quantities ( acid  :i* is ?or\ghly      
:olesome & agreeable4 ,to "s ext5t ^!   
acids  are displac+ v9eg> z condim5ts1  
be+ consid]$ bo? m heal?  giv+ & m      
palatable4    ,! mo/ complete &         
in/ructive exhibition ( condim5ts &     
spices  ev] giv5 0 held 9 !             
,agricultural ,build+ dur+ ! ,_w's      
,columbian ,exposition4 ,! nations ( all
 ! e>? contribut$4 ,!re  7 cap]s &      
olives f ,italy1 spices f ,java1 *utney 
f  ,tr9idad1 ,calcutta1 & ! f> away isl&

 ( ,ceylon2 ket*up f  bo? ,engl& &      
,am]ica1 cass>eep & pickl$ limes f      
,briti%  ,guiana1 soy f ,*9a & ,japan1 &
 pickles f l&s galore4 ,!  long1 da9tily
 curv$1 vanilla bean 0 exhibit$ side by 
side ) its  %ort1 fat1 plebeian look+   
adult]ant1 ! tonka bean4 ,cordials 7    
s5t f e c\ntry exhibit+4 ,!re 0 9 "o    
portion ( !  build+ a small cons]vatory 
fill$ ) gr[+ spice plants1 among  !m    
pim5to1 g+]1 clove1 nutmeg1 pepp]1      
cassia & c9namon4    ,illu/ratio3 ,a pot
 surr\nd$ by fl[]s                      
,,index4                 ,,page4        
,abs9!1 #dj      ,almond1 #ch           
,allspice1 #i      ,an*ovy ,pa/e1 #ca   
,anise1 #ad      ,anisette1 #dj         
,basil1 #af      ,bay ,leaves1 #ah      
,black ,pepp]1 #ab        ,c&le-,nut1   
#cg      ,cap]s1 #be      ,capsicum1    
vide *ili1 #bj      ,c>a*i1 #cb         
,c>away1 #ae      ,c>damon1 #aa         
,cassia1 #h      ,cass>eep1 #cb         
,catsup1 vide ,ket*up      ,cay5ne1 vide
 ,*ili      ,cel]y1 #af      ,*>treuse1 

#dj      ,*]vil1 #af      ,*ili1 #bi    
,*utney1 #cb      ,c9namon1 #g          
,clove1 #f      ,condim5ts1 antiquity (1
 #b2      classification (1 #c2         
dige/ive value (1 #a2      exhibition (1
 #da2      m$ival use (1 #c4            
,cori&]1 #ac      ,cum91 #ac            
,curaoa1 #ci      ,curry1 #bf           
,devon%ire ,sauce1 #cc      ,dill1 #ae  
,f5nel1 #ag      ,f5ugreek1 #ad         
,g>lic1 #bc      ,g+]1 #bi      ,gra9s (
 ,p>adise1 #ad      ,gu9ea ,pepp]1 #cj  
,horse-,radi%1 #bh        ,ket*up1 #cc  
,kmmel1 #dj        ,leek1 #bc           
,lemon1 #da      ,lime1 #da             
,lime-juice ,sauce1 #cc      ,long      
,pepp]1 #ac        ,mace1 #aa           
,m>as*9o1 #dj      ,m9t1 #bj      ,mix$ 
,season+s1 #ca      ,mu/>d1 #bf         
,noyau1 #ci      ,nutmeg1 #aj           
,olive1 #cf      ,onion1 #bb            
,p>sley1 #ai      ,p5ang ,spices1 #ca   
,pepp]1 #aa      ,pickles1 #ce          
,pi/a*e ,nut1 #ci        ,ratafia1 #ci  
,saffl[]1 #bd      ,saffron1 #bd        

,sage1 #bj      ,salad ,dress+s1 #ce    
,salt1 #e      ,samphire1 #cf           
,sauces1 #cb      ,%allot1 #bd          
,soy1 #cd      ,/> ,anise1 #ae          
,summ] ,savory1 #ai      ,sweet         
,m>joram1 #ba        ,tabasco ,sauce1   
#ce      ,t>ragon1 #bb      ,?yme1 #ai  
,tonka-bean1 #ch      ,turm]ic1 #be     
,vanilla1 #cg      ,v]juice1 #da        
,v9eg>1 #da        ,w9t] ,savory1 #ai   
,worce/]%ire ,sauce1 #cc