,,ic>us    ,,or    ,,! ,,future ,,(     
,,sci5ce          ,,by ,,! ,,same       
,,au?or    ,! ,a4,b4,c4 ,,( ,,atoms     
#abmo41 clo? #b4jj      ,9 ! la/ few    
ye>s ! /udy ( ,radioactivity has br\ght 
ab\t  amaz+ advances 9 our k ( !        
prop]ties & nature ( !  ,atom2 & into   
?is fasc9at+ wond]l& ( ! inf9itely small
  yet inf9itely complex & inf9itely full
 ( en]gy1 ,mr4 ,russell  introduces u4  
,e4 ,p4 ,,dutton  ,,company    #fha     
,fif? ,av5ue1 ,new ,york                
,,ic>us      ,,or      ,! ,future (     
,sci5ce      ,,by    ,,b]tr& ,,russell  
,illu/ration        ,,new ,,york    ,e4 
,p4 ,,dutton  ,,company    #fha ,,fif?  
,,av5ue            ,copyright1 #aibd    
,by ,e4 ,p4 ,dutton  ,company      ,all 
,rights ,res]v$      ,fir/ pr9t+1       
,april1 #aibd    ,second pr9t+1 ,june1  
#aibd    ,?ird pr9t+1 ,octob]1 #aibd    
,f\r? pr9t+1 ,decemb]1 #aibd    ,fif?   
,pr9t+1 ,decemb]1 #aibd    ,six? ,pr9t+1
 ,june1 #aibe    ,sev5? ,pr9t+1 ,june1  
#aibe        ,pr9t$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( 

,am]ica        ,,cont5ts                
,,page        ,i4  ,introductory        
#e       ,,ii4  ,effects ( ! ,physical  
,sci5ces        #ae      ,,iii4  ,!     
,increase ( ,organization            #bc
       ,,iv4  ,! ,an?ropological        
,sci5ces            #dc                 
,conclusion                             
#eg          ,,ic>us    ,,or    ,,!     
,,future ,,( ,,sci5ce          ,i4      
,,introductory      ,mr4 ,haldane's     
,da$alus has set =? an attractive       
picture ( !  future z x may become ?r\gh
 ! use ( sci5tific discov]ies  to       
promote human happ9ess4 ,mu* z ,i %\ld l
 to agree ) 8  =eca/1 a long exp]i5ce ( 
/atesm5 & gov]nm5ts has made  me some:at
 sceptical4 ,i am compell$ to fe> t     
sci5ce w be  us$ to promote ! p[] (     
dom9ant gr\ps1 r ?an to make m5  happy4 
,ic>us1 hav+ be5 taught to fly by 8 fa!r
 ,da$alus1 0  de/roy$ by 8 ra%ness4 ,i  
fe> t ! same fate may ov]take !         
populations :om mod]n m5 ( sci5ce h     
taught to fly4 ,"s ( !  dang]s inh]5t 9 

! progress ( sci5ce :ile we reta9 our   
pres5t  political & economic in/itutions
 are set =? 9 ! foll[+  pages4    ,?is  
subject is s va/ t x is impossible1 )9 a
 limit$ space1  to d m ?an outl9e "s (  
its aspects4 ,! _w 9 :i* we live  diff]s
 pr(\ndly f t ( ,que5 ,anne's "t1 & ?is 
diff]5ce  is ma9ly attributable to      
sci5ce4 ,t is to say1 ! diff]5ce w\ld   
be v mu* less ?an x is b = v>i\s        
sci5tific discov]ies1  b result$ f ^?   
discov]ies by ! op]ation ( ord9>y human 
nature4 ,! *anges t h be5 br\ght ab\t h 
be5 p>tly  good1 p>tly bad2 :e!r1 9 !   
end1 sci5ce w prove to h be5  a bless+  
or a curse to mank9d1 is to my m9d1 /ill
 a d\btful  "q4    ,a sci5ce may affect 
human life 9 two diff]5t ways4 ,on ! "o 
h&1 )\t alt]+ m5's passions or _! g5]al 
outlook1 x may  increase _! p[] (       
gratify+ _! desires4 ,on ! o!r h&1  x   
may op]ate ?r\gh an effect ^u !         
imag9ative conception (  ! _w1 ! !ology 
or philosophy :i* is accept$ 9 practice 
by  en]getic m54 ,! latt] is a fasc9at+ 

/udy1 b ,i %all almo/  :olly ignore x1 9
 ord] to br+ my subject )9 a manageable 
compass4 ,i %all conf9e myself almo/    
:olly to ! effect ( sci5ce  9 enabl+ u  
to gratify our passions m freely1 :i*   
has hi!rto  be5 f> ! m important ( !    
two4    ,f our po9t ( view1 we may      
divide ! sci5ces into ?ree gr\ps3       
physical1 biological1 & an?ropological4 
,9 ! physical gr\p ,i  include *emi/ry1 
& broadly speak+ any sci5ce conc]n$ ) ! 
prop]ties ( matt] ap>t f life4 ,9 !     
an?ropological gr\p ,i  include all     
/udies specially conc]n$ ) man3 human   
physiology &  psy*ology 7betwe5 :i* no  
%>p l9e c be drawn71 an?ropology1       
hi/ory1 sociology1 & economics4 ,all ^! 
/udies c be illum9at$  by consid]ations 
drawn f biology2 = in/ance1 ,riv]s ?rew 
a new  light on p>ts ( economics by     
adduc+ facts ab\t l&$ prop]ty  among    
birds dur+ ! bre$+ season4 ,b 9 spite ( 
_!  connection ) biology--a connection  
:i* is likely to gr[ clos]  z "t goes   
on--!y are broadly di/+ui%$ f biology by

 _!  me?ods & data1 & des]ve to be gr\p$
 ap>t1 at any rate 9 a  sociological    
inquiry4    ,! effect ( ! biological    
sci5ces1 s f>1 has be5 v small4 ,no     
d\bt ,d>w9ism & ! idea ( evolution      
affect$ m5's imag9ative  outlook2       
argum5ts 7 d]iv$ 9 fav\r ( free         
competition1 &  also ( nationalism4 ,b  
^! effects 7 ( ! sort t ,i propose  n to
 consid]4 ,x is probable t great effects
 w come f  ^! sci5ces soon] or lat]4    
,m5delism might h revolutioniz$         
agriculture1 & no d\bt "s simil> !ory w 
d s soon]  or lat]4 ,bact]iology may    
enable u to ext]m9ate our enemies by    
disease4 ,! /udy ( h]$ity may 9 "t make 
eug5ics an exact  sci5ce1 & p]haps we   
%all 9 a lat] age be able to det]m9e at 
w ! sex ( our *ildr54 ,?is w\ld probably
 lead to an excess  ( males1 involv+ a  
complete *ange 9 family in/itutions4 ,b 
^! speculations belong to ! future4 ,i d
 n propose to deal )  ! possible future 
effects ( biology1 bo? because my k (   
biology is v limit$1 & because ! subject

 has be5 admirably  treat$ by ,mr4      
,haldane4#a        #a ,see 8 ,da$alus1  
or ,sci5ce & ! ,future4    ,!           
an?ropological sci5ces are ^? f :i*1 a  
priori1 we might  h expect$ ! greate/   
social effects1 b hi!rto ?is has n      
prov$ to be ! case1 p>tly because ^!    
sci5ces are mo/ly /ill  at an e>ly /age 
( developm5t4 ,ev5 economics has n s f> 
_h  mu* effect4 ,:]e x has seem$ to h1  
?is is because x advocat$  :at 0        
indep5d5tly desir$4 ,hi!rto1 ! mo/      
effective ( !  an?ropological sci5ces   
has be5 m$ic9e1 ?r\gh its influ5ce  on  
sanitation & public heal?1 & ?r\gh !    
fact t x has  discov]$ h[ to deal )     
mal>ia & yell[ fev]4 ,bir?-control is   
also a v important social fact :i* comes
 into ?is category4 ,b  al?\gh ! future 
effect ( ! an?ropological sci5ces 7to   
:i* ,i  %all return pres5tly7 is        
illimitable1 ! effect up to ! pres5t    
has be5 conf9$ )9 fairly n>r[ limits4   
,"o g5]al obs]vation to beg9 )4 ,sci5ce 
has increas$ man's  control ov] nature1 

& might !re=e be suppos$ likely to      
increase  8 happ9ess & well-be+4 ,?is   
w\ld be ! case if m5 7  rational1 b 9   
fact !y are bundles ( passions &        
in/9cts4  ,an animal species 9 a /able  
environm5t1 if x does n die out1        
acquires an equilibrium betwe5 its      
passions & ! conditions (  its life4 ,if
 ! conditions are sudd5ly alt]$1 !      
equilibrium is  upset4 ,wolves 9 a /ate 
( nature h difficulty 9 gett+ food1 &   
!re=e ne$ ! /imulus ( a v insi/5t hung]4
 ,! result is  t _! desc5dants1 dome/ic 
dogs1 ov]-eat if !y are all[$ to  d s4  
,:5 a c]ta9 am\nt ( some?+ is useful1 & 
! difficulty  ( obta9+ x is dim9i%$1    
in/9ct w usually lead an animal to      
excess 9 ! new circum/ances4 ,! sudd5   
*ange produc$ by sci5ce  has upset !    
balance betwe5 our in/9cts & our        
circum/ances1 b  9 directions n         
suffici5tly notic$4 ,ov]-eat+ is n a    
s]i\s  dang]1 b ov]-fight+ is4 ,! human 
in/9cts ( p[] & rivalry1  l ! dog's     
wolfi% appetite w ne$ to be artificially

 curb$1 if  indu/rialism is to succe$4  
,,ii4 ,,effects ,,( ,,! ,,physical      
,,sci5ces      ,mu* ! greate/ "p ( !    
*anges :i* sci5ce has made 9 social     
life is due to ! physical sci5ces1 z is 
evid5t :5 we consid]  t !y br\ght ab\t !
 indu/rial revolution4 ,?is is a trite  
topic1 ab\t :i* ,i %all say z little z  
my subject p]mits4 ,!re  are1 h[ev]1 "s 
po9ts :i* mu/ be made4    ,fir/1        
indu/rialism1 /ill has great p>ts ( !   
e>?'s surface to  conqu]4 ,russia &     
,india are v imp]fectly indu/rializ$2   
,*9a  h>dly at all4 ,9 ,s\? ,am]ica !re 
is room = imm5se developm5t4  ,"o ( !   
effects ( indu/rialism is to make ! _w  
an economic  unit3 its ultimate         
consequ5ces w be v l>gely due to ?is    
fact4 ,b be=e ! _w c be effectively     
organiz$ z a unit1 x  w probably be     
necess>y to develop indu/rially all !   
regions  capable ( developm5t t are at  
pres5t backw>d4 ,! effects (            
indu/rialism *ange z x becomes m        
wide-spread2 ?is mu/ be  rememb]$ 9 any 

attempt to argue f its pa/ to its       
future4    ,! second po9t ab\t          
indu/rialism is t x increases !         
productivity ( lab\r1 & ?us makes m     
luxuries possible4 ,at  fir/1 9 ,engl&1 
! *ief luxury a*iev$ 0 a l>g] population
  ) an actual l[]+ ( ! /&>d ( life4 ,!n 
came a gold5 age  :5 wages increas$1    
h\rs ( lab\r dim9i%$1 & simultane\sly  !
 middle-class grew m prosp]\s4 ,t 0 :ile
 ,great ,brita9  0 /ill supreme4 ,) !   
gr[? ( =eign indu/rialism1 a new  epo*  
began4 ,indu/rial organizations h seldom
 succe$$ 9 becom+  _w-wide1 & h         
consequ5tly become national4            
,competition1  =m]ly betwe5 individual  
firms1 is n[ ma9ly betwe5 nations1  & is
 !re=e conduct$ by me?ods q diff]5t f ^?
  contemplat$ by ! classical economi/s4 
,mod]n indu/rialism is a /ruggle betwe5 
nations = two ?+s1  m>kets & raw        
mat]ials1 z well z = ! %e] pleasure (   
dom9ion4 ,! lab\r :i* is set free f     
provid+ ! necess>ies  ( life t5ds to be 
m & m absorb$ by national rivalry4  ,!re

 are fir/ ! arm$ =ces ( ! ,/ate2 !n ^?  
:o  provide munitions ( w>1 f ! raw     
m9]als up to ! f9i%$  product2 !n !     
diplomatic & consul> s]vices2 !n !      
tea*]s  ( patriotism 9 s*ools2 !n !     
,press4 ,all ( ^! p]=m  o!r functions z 
well1 b ! *ief purpose is to m9i/] to   
int]national competition4 ,z ano!r class
 ^: lab\rs are devot$  to ! same end1 we
 mu/ add a consid]able proportion ( ! m5
  ( sci5ce4 ,^! m5 inv5t cont9ually m   
elaborate me?ods (  attack & def5ce4 ,! 
net result ( _! lab\rs is to dim9i% !   
proportion ( ! population t c be put    
into ! fight+ l9e1  s9ce m are requir$ =
 munitions4 ,?is might seem a boon1 b 9 
fact w> is n[-a-days prim>ily aga9/ !   
civilian population1 &  9 a defeat$     
c\ntry !y are liable to suff] j z mu* z 
!  soldi]s4    ,x is sci5ce above all t 
has det]m9$ ! importance ( raw  mat]ials
 9 int]national competition4 ,coal &    
iron & oil1  especially1 are ! bases (  
p[]1 & !nce ( weal?4 ,! nation  :i*     
possesses !m1 & has ! indu/rial skill   

requir$ to utilize  !m 9 w>1 c acquire  
m>kets by arm$ =ce1 & levy tribute  ^u  
less =tunate nations4 ,economi/s h      
und]e/imat$ ! "p  play$ by milit>y      
pr[ess 9 ! acquisition ( weal?4 ,! l&$  
ari/ocracies ( ,europe 71 9 orig91      
w>like invad]s4 ,_! defeat  by !        
b\rgeoisie 9 ! ,fr5* ,revolution1 & !   
fe> :i* ?is  g5]at$ 9 ! ,duke (         
,well+ton1 facilitat$ ! rise ( ! middle 
class4 ,! w>s ( ! eighte5? c5tury decid$
 t ,engl& 0  to be ri*] ?an ,france4 ,! 
traditional economi/'s rules = !        
di/ribution ( weal? hold only :5 m5's   
actions are gov]n$ by  law1 i4e4 :5 mo/ 
p ?9k ! issue unimportant4 ,! issues t  
p h consid]$ vital h be5 decid$ by civil
 w>s or w>s  betwe5 nations4 ,& = !     
pres5t1 ow+ to sci5ce1 ! art (  w>      
consi/s 9 possess+ coal1 iron1 oil1 & ! 
indu/rial skill  to "w !m4 ,= ! sake (  
simplicity1 ,i omit o!r raw mat]ials1   
s9ce !y d n affect ! ess5ce ( our       
problem4    ,we may say1 !re=e1 speak+ v
 g5]ally1 t m5 h us$  ! increas$        

productivity :i* !y owe to sci5ce = ?ree
 *ief  purposes 9 succession3 fir/1 to  
increase ! population2 !n1 to  raise !  
/&>d ( com=t2 &1 f9ally1 to provide m   
en]gy to  w>4 ,?is la/ result has be5   
*iefly br\ght ab\t by competition =     
m>kets1 :i* l$ to competition = raw     
mat]ials1 especially ! raw  mat]ials (  
munitions4          ,,iii4 ,,!          
,,increase ,,( ,,organization      ,!   
/imulation ( nationalism :i* has tak5   
place 9 mod]n times  is1 h[ev]1 due v   
l>gely to ano!r factor1 namely !        
increase  ( organization1 :i* is ( ! v  
ess5ce ( indu/rialism4  ,:]ev] exp5sive 
fix$ capital is requir$1 organization on
 a l>ge  scale is ( c\rse necess>y4 ,9  
view ( ! economies ( l>ge scale         
production1 organization 9 m>ket+ also  
becomes ( great importance4  ,= "s      
purposes1 if n = all1 _m indu/ries come 
to be organiz$  nationally1 s z to be 9 
effect "o bus9ess 9 ea* nation4         
,sci5ce has n only br\ght ab\t ! ne$ (  
l>ge organizations1  b also ! te*nical  

possibility ( _! exi/5ce4 ,)\t          
railways1 telegraphs1 & telephones1     
control f a c5tre is v  difficult4 ,9   
anci5t empires1 & 9 ,*9a d[n to mod]n   
times1  prov9ces 7 gov]n$ by practically
 indep5d5t satraps or  proconsuls1 :o 7 
appo9t$ by ! c5tral gov]nm5t1 b decid$  
almo/ all que/ions on _! own initiative4
 ,if !y displeas$ !  sov]eign1 !y c\ld  
only be controll$ by civil w>1 ( :i* !  
issue 0 d\btful4 ,until ! inv5tion ( !  
telegraph1 ambassadors  _h a great      
measure ( indep5d5ce1 s9ce x 0 (t5      
necess>y to  act )\t wait+ = ord]s f    
home4 ,:at appli$ 9 politics  appli$    
also 9 bus9ess3 an organization         
controll$ f !  c5tre _h to be v loosely 
knit1 & to all[ mu* autonomy to         
subord9ates4 ,op9ion z well z action 0  
difficult to m\ld f a  c5tre1 & local   
v>iations m>r$ ! uni=mity ( p>ty cre$s4 
,n[-a-days all ?is is *ang$4 ,telegraph1
 telephone1 & wireless make  x easy to  
transmit ord]s f a c5tre3 railways &    
/eam]s make  x easy to transport troops 

9 case ! ord]s are disobey$4 ,mod]n     
me?ods ( pr9t+ & adv]tis+ make x        
enorm\sly *eap] to  produce & di/ribute 
"o newspap] ) a l>ge circulation ?an _m 
) small circulations2 consequ5tly1 9 s  
f> z ! ,press controls  op9ion1 !re is  
uni=mity1 &1 9 p>ticul>1 !re is uni=mity
  ( news4 ,elem5t>y education1 except 9 
s f> z religi\s  d5om9ations introduce  
v>iety1 is conduct$ on a uni=m patt]n   
decid$ by ! ,/ate1 by means ( tea*]s :om
 ! ,/ate has tra9$1  z f> z possible1 to
 imitate ! regul>ity & mutual simil>ity 
( ma*9es produc$ to /&>d4 ,?us ! mat]ial
 & psy*ological  conditions = a great   
int5sity ( organization h increas$ p>i  
passu1 b ! basis ( ! :ole developm5t is 
sci5tific inv5tion  9 ! purely physical 
realm4 ,increas$ productivity has play$ 
its  "p1 by mak+ x possible to set ap>t 
m lab\r = propag&a1  "u :i* head are to 
be includ$ adv]tisem5t1 ! c9ema1 !      
,press1 education1 politics1 & religion4
 ,broadca/+ is a new me?od  likely to   
acquire great pot5cy z soon z p are     

satisfi$ t  x is n a me?od ( propag&a4  
,political controv]sies1 z ,mr4 ,graham 
,wallas has po9t$ out1 ought  to be     
conduct$ 9 quantitative t]ms4 ,if       
sociology 7 "o ( !  sci5ces t _h affect$
 social in/itutions 7:i* x is n71 ?is   
w\ld be ! case4 ,! dispute betwe5       
an>*ism & bureaucracy at  pres5t t5ds to
 take ! =m ( "o side ma9ta9+ t we want  
no organization1 :ile ! o!r ma9ta9s t we
 want z mu* z  possible4 ,a p]son imbu$ 
) ! sci5tific _s w\ld h>dly ev5  exam9e 
^! extreme positions4 ,"s p ?9k t we    
keep our  rooms too hot = heal?1 o!rs t 
we keep !m too cold4 ,if ?is  7 a       
political "q1 "o p>ty w\ld ma9ta9 t !   
be/  temp]ature is ! absolute z]o1 ! o!r
 t x is ! melt+  po9t ( iron4 ,^? :o    
ma9ta9$ any int]m$iate position w\ld be 
abus$ z timor\s "t-s]v]s1 conceal$ ag5ts
 ( ! o!r side1  m5 :o ru9$ ! en?usiasm (
 a sacr$ cause by tepid appeals to  m]e 
reason4 ,any man :o _h ! c\rage to say t
 our rooms ought to  be nei!r v hot nor 
v cold w\ld be abus$ by bo? p>ties1 &   

probably %ot 9 ,no ,man's ,l&4 ,possibly
 "s day politics may become  m rational1
 b s f> !re is n ! fa9te/ indication ( a
  *ange 9 ?is direction4    ,to a       
rational m9d1 ! "q is n3 ,d we want     
organization or d  we n8 ,! "q is3 ,h[  
mu* organization d we want1 & :]e  & :5 
& ( :at k9d8 ,9 spite ( a temp]am5tal   
lean+ to  an>*ism1 ,i am p]suad$ t an   
indu/rial _w _c ma9ta9  itself aga9/    
int]nal disruptive =ces )\t a great deal
  m organization ?an we h at pres5t4 ,x 
is n ! am\nt (  organization1 b its k9d 
& its purposes1 t cause our tr\bles4  ,b
 be=e tackl+ ?is "q1 let u pause = a    
mom5t to ask  ourselves :at is ! measure
 ( ! int5sity ( organization 9 a  giv5  
community4    ,a man's acts are p>tly   
det]m9$ by spontane\s impulse1 p>tly by 
! consci\s or unconsci\s effects ( !    
v>i\s gr\ps to :i* he  belongs4 ,a man  
:o works 7say7 on a railway or 9 a m9e  
is1 9 8  work+-h\rs almo/ entirely      
det]m9$ 9 8 actions by ^? :o  direct !  
collective lab\r ( :i* he =ms "p4 ,if he

 decides  to /rike1 8 action is aga9 n  
individual1 b det]m9$ by 8  ,union4 ,:5 
he votes = ,p>liam5t1 p>ty caucuses h   
limit$ 8  *oice to "o ( two or ?ree m51 
& p>ty propag&a has induc$  him to      
accept 9 toto "o ( ! two or ?ree blocks 
( op9ions  :i* =m ! rival p>ty          
programmes4 ,8 *oice betwe5 ! p>ties    
may be individual1 b x may also be      
det]m9$ by ! action (  "s gr\p1 su* z a 
trade union1 :i* collectively supports  
"o  p>ty4 ,8 newspap]-read+ exposes him 
to great organiz$ =ces2 s  does ! c9ema1
 if he goes to x4 ,8 *oice ( a wife is  
probably  spontane\s1 except t he mu/   
*oose a woman ( 8 own class4 ,b  9 !    
education ( 8 *ildr5 he is almo/        
entirely p[]less3 !y  mu/ h ! education 
:i* is provid$4 ,organization ?us       
det]m9es  _m vital ?+s 9 8 life4 ,comp>e
 him ) a h&icraftsman or                
peasant-proprietor :o _c read & does n h
 8 *ildr5  educat$1 & x becomes cle> :at
 is meant by say+ t  indu/rialism has   
increas$ ! int5sity ( organization4 ,to 

def9e  ?is t]m1 we mu/1 ,i ?9k1 exclude 
! unconsci\s effects ( gr\ps1  except z 
causes facilitat+ ! consci\s effects4   
,we may def9e !  int5sity ( organization
 to :i* a giv5 individual is subject z  
! proportion ( 8 acts :i* is det]m9$ by 
! ord]s or advice  ( "s gr\p1 express$  
?r\gh democratic decisions or executive 
(fic]s4 ,! int5sity ( organization 9 a  
community may !n be  def9$ z ! av]age   
int5sity = its sev]al memb]s4    ,!     
int5sity ( organization is increas$ n   
only :5 a man belongs  to m             
organizations1 b also :5 ! organizations
 to :i* he  already belongs play a l>g] 
"p 9 8 life1 z1 = example1 !  ,/ate     
plays a l>g] "p 9 w> ?an 9 peace4       
,ano!r matt] :i* ne$s to be treat$      
quantitatively is !  degree ( democracy1
 olig>*y1 or mon>*y 9 an organization4  
,no  organization belongs completely to 
any "o ( ! ?ree types4 ,!re  mu/ be     
executive (fic]s1 :o w (t5 9 practice be
 able to  decide policy1 ev5 if 9 !ory  
!y _c d s4 ,& ev5 if _!  p[] dep5ds ^u  

p]suasion1 !y may s completely control !
  relevant publicity t !y c always rely 
^u a majority4 ,!  directors ( a railway
 company1 = in/ance1 are to all int5ts &
  purposes uncontroll$ by ! %>ehold]s1  
:o h no adequate means  ( organiz+ an   
opposition if !y %\ld wi% to d s4 ,9    
,am]ica1  a railroad presid5t is almo/ a
 mon>*4 ,9 p>ty politics1 ! p[]  (      
lead]s1 al?\gh x dep5ds ^u p]suasion1   
cont9ually increases  z pr9t$ propag&a  
becomes m important4 ,= ^! reasons1 ev5 
:]e =mal democracy increases1 ! real    
degree ( democratic control  t5ds to    
dim9i%1 except on a few que/ions :i*    
r\se /rong popul>  passions4    ,!      
result ( ^! causes is t1 9 consequ5ce ( 
sci5tific  inv5tions :i* facilitate     
c5tralization & propag&a1 gr\ps  become 
m organiz$1 m discipl9$1 m              
gr\p-consci\s1  & m docile to lead]s4 ,!
 effect ( lead]s on foll[]s is          
increas$1 & ! control ( ev5ts by a few  
prom95t p]sonalities  becomes m m>k$4   
,9 all ?is !re w\ld be no?+ v tragic1 b 

= ! fact1 )  :i* sci5ce has no?+ to d1 t
 organization is almo/ :olly  national4 
,if m5 7 actuat$ by ! love ( ga91 z !   
old]  economi/s suppos$1 ?is w\ld n be !
 case2 ! same causes :i*  h l$ to       
national tru/s w\ld h l$ to int]national
 tru/s4  ,?is has happ5$ 9 a few        
in/ances1 b n on a suffici5tly wide     
scale to affect politics or economics v 
vitally4 ,rivalry is1 )  mo/ well-to-d  
en]getic p1 a /rong] motive ?an love (  
money4  ,successful rivalry requires    
organization ( rival =ces2 ! t5d5cy  is 
= a bus9ess su* z oil1 = example1 to    
organize itself into two  rival gr\ps1  
betwe5 !m cov]+ ! _w4 ,!y might1 (      
c\rse1  comb9e1 & !y w\ld no d\bt       
increase _! weal? if !y did  s4 ,b      
comb9ation w\ld take ! ze/ out ( life4  
,! object ( a  football team1 "o might  
say1 is to kick goals4 ,if two rival    
teams  comb9$1 & kick$ ! ball alt]nately
 ov] ! two goals1 _m m  goals w\ld be   
scor$4 ,nev]!less no "o sugge/s t ?is   
%\ld  be done1 ! object ( a football    

team be+ n to kick goals b  to w94 ,s ! 
object ( a big bus9ess is n to make     
money1 b to  w9 9 ! conte/ ) "s o!r     
bus9ess4 ,if !re 7 no o!r  bus9ess to be
 defeat$1 ! :ole ?+ w\ld become         
un9t]e/+4  ,?is rivalry has atta*$      
itself to nationalism1 & enli/$ !       
support ( ! ord9>y citiz5s ( ! c\ntries 
conc]n$2 !y  seldom "k :at x is t !y are
 support+1 b1 l !  spectators at a      
football-mat*1 !y gr[ en?usia/ic = _!   
own  side4 ,! h>m t is be+ done by      
sci5ce & indu/rialism is  almo/ :olly   
due to ! fact t1 :ile !y h prov$ /rong  
en\gh to produce a national organization
 ( economic =ces1 !y  h n prov$ /rong   
en\gh to produce an int]national        
organization4  ,x is cle> t political   
int]nationalism su* z ! ,league (       
,nations 0 suppos$ to inaugurate1 w nev]
 be successful until we  h economic     
int]nationalism1 :i* w\ld require1 z a  
m9imum1 an  agreem5t betwe5 v>i\s       
national organizations divid+ among !m  
! raw mat]ials & m>kets ( ! _w4 ,?is1   

h[ev]1 c h>dly  be br\ght ab\t :ile big 
bus9ess is controll$ by m5 :o are s  ri*
 z to h gr[n indiff]5t to money1 & to be
 will+ to risk  enorm\s losses = !      
pleasure ( rivalry4    ,! increase (    
organization 9 ! mod]n _w has made !    
ideals  ( lib]alism :olly inapplicable4 
,lib]alism1 f ,montesquieu to  ,presid5t
 ,wilson1 0 bas$ ^u ! assumption ( a    
numb] ( m or  less equal individuals or 
gr\ps1 ) no diff]5ces s vital t  !y 7   
will+ to die soon] ?an compromise4 ,x 0 
suppos$ t  !re 0 to be free competition 
betwe5 individuals & betwe5 ideas4      
,exp]i5ce has %[n1 h[ev]1 t ! exi/+     
economic sy/em is  incompatible ) all   
=ms ( free competition except betwe5    
,/ates  by means ( armam5ts4 ,i %\ld    
wi%1 = my "p1 to pres]ve free           
competition betwe5 ideas1 ?\gh n betwe5 
individuals & gr\ps1  b ?is is only     
possible by means ( :at an old-fa%ion$  
lib]al  w\ld reg>d z int]f]5ces )       
p]sonal lib]ty4 ,s long z !  s\rces (   
economic p[] rema9 9 private h&s1 !re w 

be no  lib]ty except = ! few :o control 
^? s\rces4    ,su* lib]al ideals z free 
trade1 free press1 unbias$ education1   
ei!r already belong to ! pa/ or soon w d
 s4 ,"o ( !  triumphs ( e>ly lib]alism 9
 ,engl& 0 ! e/abli%m5t (  p>liam5t>y    
control ov] ! army2 ?is 0 ! casus belli 
9 !  ,civil ,w>1 & 0 decid$ by !        
,revolution ( #afhh4 ,x 0 effective  s  
long z ,p>liam5t repres5t$ ! same class 
f :i* army  (fic]s 7 drawn4 ,?is 0 /ill 
! case ) ! late ,p>liam5t1  b may cease 
to be ! case ) ! adv5t ( a ,lab\r       
,gov]nm5t4  ,russia1 ,hung>y1 ,italy1   
,spa91 & ,bav>ia h %[n 9 rec5t ye>s  h[ 
frail democracy has become2 ea/ ( !     
,rh9e x l+]s only  9 outly+ regions4    
,con/itutional control ov] armam5ts mu/1
  !re=e1 be reg>d$ z ano!r lib]al       
pr9cipal :i* is rapidly  becom+         
obsolete4    ,x w\ld seem probable t1 9 
! next fifty ye>s or s1 we %all  see a  
/ill fur!r increase 9 ! p[] ( gov]nm5ts1
 & a  t5d5cy = gov]nm5ts to be su* z are
 desir$ by ! m5 :o  control armam5ts &  

raw mat]ials4 ,! =ms ( democracy may    
survive  9 we/]n c\ntries1 s9ce ^? :o   
possess milit>y & economic  p[] c       
control education & ! press1 & !re=e c  
usually  secure a subs]vi5t democracy4  
,rival economic gr\ps w presumably      
rema9 associat$ ) rival nations1 & w    
fo/] nationalism 9  ord] to recruit _!  
football teams4    ,!re is1 h[ev]1 a    
hopeful elem5t 9 ! problem4 ,! planet is
  ( f9ite size1 b ! mo/ effici5t size = 
an organization  is cont9ually increas$ 
by new sci5tific inv5tions4 ,! _w       
becomes m & m ( an economic unity4 ,be=e
 v long !  te*nical conditions w exi/ = 
organiz+ ! :ole _w z "o  produc+ &      
consum+ unit4 ,if1 :5 t "t comes1 two   
rival  gr\ps cont5d = ma/]y1 ! victor   
may be able to introduce t  s+le _w-wide
 organization t is ne$$ to prev5t !     
mutual  ext]m9ation ( civiliz$ nations4 
,! _w :i* w\ld result  w\ld be1 at fir/1
 v diff]5t f ! dreams ( ei!r lib]als  or
 sociali/s2 b x might gr[ less diff]5t )
 ! lapse (  "t4 ,!re w\ld be at fir/    

economic & political tyranny (  !       
victors1 a dread ( r5ew$ upheavals1 &   
!re=e a dra/ic  suppression ( lib]ty4 ,b
 if ! fir/ half-doz5 revolts 7          
successfully repress$1 ! vanqui%$ w\ld  
give up hope1 & accept  ! subord9ate    
place assign$ to !m by ! victors 9 !    
great  _w-tru/4 ,z soon z ! hold]s ( p[]
 felt secure1 !y w\ld  gr[ less         
tyrannical & less en]getic4 ,! motive ( 
rivalry be+  remov$1 !y w\ld n "w s h>d 
z !y d n[1 & w\ld soon  cease to exact  
su* h>d "w f _! subord9ates4 ,life at   
fir/  might be unpleasant1 b x w\ld at  
lea/ be possible1 :i* w\ld be  en\gh to 
recomm5d ! sy/em aft] a long p]iod (    
w>f>e4 ,giv5 a  /able _w-organization1  
economic & political1 ev5 if1 at fir/1  
x re/$ ^u no?+ b arm$ =ce1 ! evils :i*  
n[ ?reat5  civilization w\ld gradually  
dim9i%1 & a m ?or\gh democracy  ?an t   
:i* n[ exi/s might become possible4 ,i  
believe t1 ow+  to m5's folly1 a        
_w-gov]nm5t w only be e/abli%$ by =ce1  
& w !re=e be at fir/ cruel & despotic4  

,b ,i believe t  x is necess>y = !      
pres]vation ( a sci5tific civilization1 
& t1 if once realiz$1 x w gradually give
 rise to ! o!r  conditions ( a tol]able 
exi/5ce4          ,,iv4 ,,!             
,,an?ropological ,,sci5ces      ,x      
rema9s to say some?+ ab\t ! future      
effects ( !  an?ropological sci5ces4    
,?is is ( c\rse extremely conjectural1  
because we d n "k :at discov]ies w be   
made4 ,! effect  is likely to be f>     
great] ?an we c n[ imag9e1 because ^!   
sci5ces are /ill 9 _! infancy4 ,i w1    
h[ev]1 take a few po9ts  on :i* to hang 
conjectures4 ,i d n wi% to be suppos$ to
 be  mak+ prophecies3 ,i am only sugge/+
 possibilities :i* x may be  in/ructive 
to consid]4    ,bir?-control is a matt] 
( great importance1 p>ticul>ly 9        
relation to ! possibility ( a           
_w-gov]nm5t1 :i* c\ld h>dly  be /able if
 "s nations increas$ _! population mu* m
  rapidly ?an o!rs4 ,at pres5t1         
bir?-control is increas+ 9 all  civiliz$
 c\ntries1 ?\gh 9 mo/ x is oppos$ by    

gov]nm5ts4 ,?is  opposition is due p>tly
 to m]e sup]/ition & desire to          
conciliate  ! ,ca?olic vote1 p>tly to ! 
desire = l>ge armies & sev]e            
competition betwe5 wage-e>n]s1 s z to   
keep d[n wages4 ,9 spite  ( ! opposition
 ( gov]nm5ts1 x seems probable t        
bir?-control  w lead to a /ation>y      
population 9 mo/ :ite nations )9 !  next
 fifty ye>s4 ,!re c be no security t x w
 /op ) a  /ation>y population2 x may g  
on to ! po9t :]e ! population  dim9i%es4
    ,! increase 9 ! practice (          
bir?-control is an example ( a  process 
contr>y to t se5 9 indu/rialism3 x      
repres5ts a  victory ( individual ov]   
collective passions4 ,collectively1     
,fr5*m5  desire t ,france %\ld be       
popul\s1 9 ord] to be able to defeat  h]
 enemies 9 w>4 ,individually1 !y desire 
t _! own families  %\ld be small1 9 ord]
 to increase ! inh]itance ( _! *ildr5  &
 to dim9i% ! exp5se ( education4 ,!     
individual desire has  triumph$ ov] !   
collective desire1 & ev51 9 _m cases1   

ov]  religi\s scruples4 ,9 ?is case1 z 9
 mo/ o!rs1 ! individual  desire is less 
h>mful to ! _w ?an ! collective desire3 
! man  :o acts f pure selfi%ness does   
less damage ?an ! man :o is  actuat$ by 
8public _s40 ,=1 s9ce m$ic9e &          
sanitation h  dim9i%$ ! infant          
dea?-rate1 ! only *ecks to              
ov]-population  t rema9 7ap>t f         
bir?-control7 are w> & fam9e4 ,s long  z
 ?is cont9ues to be ! case1 ! _w mu/    
ei!r h a ne>ly  /ation>y population1 or 
employ w> to produce fam9e4 ,! latt]    
me?od1 :i* is t fav\r$ by oppon5ts (    
bir?-control1 has be5  adopt$ on a l>ge 
scale s9ce #aiad2 x is h[ev] some:at    
wa/eful4  ,we require a c]ta9 numb] (   
cattle & %eep1 & we take /eps  to secure
 ! "r numb]4 ,if we 7 z indiff]5t ab\t  
!m z  we are ab\t human be+s1 we %\ld   
produce f> too _m1 & cause  ! surplus to
 die by ! sl[ mis]y ( "u-fe$+4 ,f>m]s   
w\ld  consid] ?is plan extravagant1 &   
humanit>ians w\ld consid] x  cruel4 ,b  
:]e human be+s are conc]n$1 x is        

consid]$ ! only  prop] c\rse1 & works   
advocat+ any o!r are confiscat$ by !    
police if !y are intelligible to ^? :om 
!y conc]n4    ,x mu/ be admitt$1 h[ev]1 
t !re are c]ta9 dang]s4 ,be=e  long !   
population may actually dim9i%4 ,?is is 
already happ5+  9 ! mo/ intellig5t      
sections ( ! mo/ intellig5t nations2    
gov]nm5t opposition to bir?-control     
propag&a gives a biological  advantage  
to /upidity1 s9ce x is *iefly /upid p   
:om  gov]nm5ts succe$ 9 keep+ 9         
ignorance4 ,be=e long1 bir?-control  may
 become ne>ly univ]sal among ! :ite     
races2 x w !n n  det]iorate _! quality1 
b only dim9i% _! numb]s1 at a "t  :5    
unciviliz$ races are /ill prolific & are
 pres]v$ f a high  dea?-rate by :ite    
sci5ce4    ,?is situation w lead to a   
t5d5cy--already %[n by !  ,fr5*--to     
employ m prolific races z m]c5>ies4     
,gov]nm5ts w  oppose ! tea*+ (          
bir?-control among ,africans1 = fe> (   
los+  recruits4 ,! result w be an imm5se
 num]ical inf]iority ( !  :ite races1   

lead+ probably to _! ext]m9ation 9 a    
mut9y (  m]c5>ies4 ,if1 h[ev]1 a        
_w-gov]nm5t is e/abli%$1 x may see  !   
desirability ( mak+ subject races also  
less prolific1 & may  p]mit mank9d to   
solve ! population "q4 ,?is is ano!r    
reason  = desir+ a _w-gov]nm5t4         
,pass+ f quantity to quality (          
population1 we come to !  "q ( eug5ics4 
,we may p]haps assume t1 if p gr[ less  
sup]/iti\s1 gov]nm5ts w acquire ! "r to 
/]ilize ^?  :o are n consid]$ desirable 
z p>5ts4 ,?is p[] w be  us$1 at fir/1 to
 dim9i% imbecility1 a mo/ desirable     
object4 ,b  probably1 9 "t1 opposition  
to ! gov]nm5t w be tak5 to prove        
imbecility1 s t rebels ( all k9ds w be  
/]iliz$4 ,epileptics1  consumptives1    
dipsomaniacs & s on w gradually be      
includ$2 9  ! end1 !re w be a t5d5cy to 
include all :o fail to pass !  usual    
s*ool exam9ations4 ,! result w be to    
increase ! av]age  intellig5ce2 9 ! long
 run1 x may be greatly increas$4 ,b     
probably ! effect ^u really exceptional 

intellig5ce w be bad4  ,mr4 ,micawb]1 :o
 0 ,dick5s's fa!r1 w\ld h>dly h be5     
reg>d$  z a desirable p>5t4 ,h[ _m      
imbeciles ought to outweigh "o ,dick5s  
,i d n pr(ess to "k4    ,eug5ics has1 ( 
c\rse1 m ambiti\s possibilities 9 a m   
di/ant future4 ,x may aim n only at     
elim9at+ undesir$ types1  b at increas+ 
desir$ types4 ,moral /&>ds may alt] s z 
to  make x possible = "o man to be !    
sire ( a va/ prog5y by  _m diff]5t      
mo!rs4 ,:5 m5 ( sci5ce envisage a       
possibility  ( ?is k9d1 !y are prone to 
a type ( fallacy :i* is common  also 9  
o!r directions4 ,!y imag9e t a re=m     
inaugurat$ by  m5 ( sci5ce w\ld be      
adm9i/]$ z m5 ( sci5ce w\ld wi%1  by m5 
simil> 9 outlook to ^? :o h advocat$ x4 
,9 l  mann] wom5 :o advocat$ votes =    
wom5 us$ to imag9e t !  woman vot] ( !  
future w\ld resemble ! ard5t fem9i/ :o  
won  h] ! vote2 & sociali/ lead]s imag9e
 t a sociali/ ,/ate  w\ld be adm9i/]$ by
 ideali/ic re=m]s l !mselves4 ,^!  are1 
( c\rse1 delusions2 a re=m1 once a*iev$1

 is h&$ ov]  to ! av]age citiz54 ,s1 if 
eug5ics rea*$ ! po9t :]e x  c\ld        
increase desir$ types1 x w\ld n be !    
types desir$ by  pres5t-day eug5i/s t   
w\ld be increas$1 b r ! types  desir$ by
 ! av]age (ficial4 ,prime ,m9i/]s1      
,bi%ops1 & o!rs  :om ! ,/ate consid]s   
desirable might become ! fa!rs ( half ! 
next g5]ation4 ,:e!r ?is w\ld be an     
improvem5t x is n = me  to say1 z ,i h  
no hope ( ev] becom+ ei!r a ,bi%op or a 
,prime  ,m9i/]4    ,if we knew en\gh    
ab\t h]$ity to det]m9e1 )9 limits1 :at  
sort ( population we w\ld h1 ! matt]    
w\ld ( c\rse be 9 !  h&s ( ,/ate        
(ficials1 presumably eld]ly m$ical m54  
,:e!r !y  w\ld really be pref]able to   
,nature ,i d n feel sure4 ,i suspect t  
!y w\ld bre$ a subs]vi5t population1    
conv5i5t to rul]s b  incapable (        
initiative4 ,h[ev]1 x may be t ,i am too
 sceptical (  ! wisdom ( (ficials4    ,!
 effects ( psy*ology on practical life  
may 9 "t become v  great4 ,already      
adv]tis]s 9 ,am]ica employ em95t        

psy*ologi/s  to in/ruct !m 9 ! te*nique 
( produc+ irrational belief2  su* m5    
may1 :5 !y h gr[n m pr(ici5t1 be v      
useful 9  p]suad+ ! democracy t         
gov]nm5ts are wise & good4 ,!n1  aga91  
!re are ! psy*ological te/s (           
intellig5ce1 z appli$  to recruits = !  
,am]ican army dur+ ! w>4 ,i am v        
sceptical  ( ! possibility ( te/+ any?+ 
except av]age intellig5ce  by su*       
me?ods1 & ,i ?9k t1 if !y 7 widely      
adopt$1 !y  w\ld probably lead to _m    
p]sons ( great arti/ic capacity be+     
classifi$ z morons4 ,! same ?+ w\ld h   
happ5$ to "s  fir/-rate ma!maticians4   
,specializ$ ability n infrequ5tly goes  
) g5]al disability1 b ?is w\ld n be %[n 
by ! k9d (  te/s :i* psy*ologi/s        
recomm5d$ to ! ,am]ican gov]nm5t4    ,m 
s5sational ?an te/s ( intellig5ce is !  
possibility (  controll+ ! emotional    
life ?r\gh ! secretions ( ! ductless    
gl&s4 ,x w be possible to make p *ol]ic 
or timid1 /rongly  or weakly sex$1 & s  
on1 z may be desir$4 ,diff]5ces (       

emotional  disposition seem to be *iefly
 due to secretions ( ! ductless  gl&s1 &
 !re=e controllable by injections or by 
increas+  or dim9i%+ ! secretions4      
,assum+ an olig>*ic organization  (     
society1 ! ,/ate c\ld give to ! *ildr5 (
 hold]s ( p[]  ! disposition requir$ =  
comm&1 & to ! *ildr5 ( !  prolet>iat !  
disposition requir$ = ob$i5ce4 ,aga9/ ! 
injections ( ! ,/ate physicians ! mo/   
eloqu5t ,sociali/ oratory  w\ld be      
p[]less4 ,! only difficulty w\ld be to  
comb9e ?is  submissiv5ess ) ! necess>y  
f]ocity aga9/ ext]nal enemies2  b ,i d n
 d\bt t (ficial sci5ce w\ld be equal to 
! task4    ,x is n necess>y1 :5 we are  
consid]+ political consequ5ces1  to p9  
our fai? to ! p>ticul> !ories ( !       
ductless gl&s1  :i* may bl[ ov]1 l o!r  
!ories4 ,all t is ess5tial 9  our       
hypo!sis is ! belief t physiology w 9 "t
 f9d ways (  controll+ emotion1 :i* x is
 sc>cely possible to d\bt4 ,:5 t  day   
comes1 we %all h ! emotions desir$ by   
our rul]s1 & !  *ief bus9ess ( elem5t>y 

education w be to produce ! desir$      
disposition1 no long] by puni%m5t or    
moral precept1 b by ! f>  sur] me?od (  
injection or diet4 ,! m5 :o w adm9i/]   
?is  sy/em w h a p[] beyond ! dreams ( !
 ,jesuits1 b !re  is no reason to       
suppose t !y w h m s5se ?an ! m5  :o    
control education to-day4 ,te*nical     
sci5tific k does n  make m5 s5sible 9 _!
 aims1 & adm9i/rators 9 ! future1 w  be 
presumably no less /upid & no less      
prejudic$ ?an !y are at  pres5t4        
,,conclusion      ,x may seem z ?\gh ,i 
_h be5 at once gloomy & frivol\s 9 "s  (
 my progno/ications4 ,i w end1 h[ev]1 ) 
! s]i\s lesson  :i* seems to me to      
result4 ,m5 sometimes speak z ?\gh !    
progress  ( sci5ce mu/ necess>ily be a  
boon to mank9d1 b t1 ,i fe>1  is "o ( ! 
com=table n9ete5?-c5tury delusions :i*  
our m  disillusion$ age mu/ disc>d4     
,sci5ce enables ! hold]s ( p[]  to      
realize _! purposes m fully ?an !y c\ld 
o!rwise d4 ,if  _! purposes are good1   
?is is a ga92 if !y are evil1 x is a    

loss4 ,9 ! pres5t age1 x seems t !      
purposes ( ! hold]s  ( p[] are 9 ! ma9  
evil1 9 ! s5se t !y involve a           
dim9ution1 9 ! _w at l>ge1 ( ! ?+s m5   
are agre$ 9  ?9k+ good4 ,!re=e1 at      
pres5t1 sci5ce does h>m by increas+  !  
p[] ( rul]s4 ,sci5ce is no sub/itute =  
virtue2 ! he>t is  z necess>y = a good  
life z ! head4    ,if m5 7 rational 9 _!
 conduct1 t is to say1 if !y act$  9 !  
way mo/ likely to br+ ab\t ! ends t !y  
delib]ately  desire1 intellig5ce w\ld be
 en\gh to make ! _w almo/ a  p>adise4 ,9
 ! ma91 :at is 9 ! long run advantage\s 
to "o  man is also advantage\s to ano!r4
 ,b m5 are actuat$ by passions  :i*     
di/ort _! view2 feel+ an impulse to     
injure o!rs1 !y  p]suade !mselves t x is
 to _! int]e/ to d s4 ,!y  w n1 !re=e1  
act 9 ! way :i* is 9 fact to _! own     
int]e/ unless !y are actuat$ by g5]\s   
impulses :i* make  !m indiff]5t to _!   
own int]e/4 ,?is is :y ! he>t is z      
important z ! head4 ,by ! 8he>t0 ,i     
mean1 = ! mom5t1 !  sum-total ( k9dly   

impulses4 ,:]e !y exi/1 sci5ce helps !m 
to be effective2 :]e !y are abs5t1      
sci5ce only makes m5 m  clev]ly         
diabolic4    ,x may be laid d[n z a     
g5]al pr9ciple to :i* !re are few       
exceptions t1 :5 p are mi/ak5 z to :at  
is to _! own  int]e/1 ! c\rse !y believe
 to be wise is m h>mful to o!rs  ?an !  
c\rse t really is wise4 ,!re are        
innum]able examples (  m5 mak+ =tunes   
because1 on moral gr\nds1 !y did some?+ 
:i*  !y believ$ to be contr>y to _! own 
int]e/s4 ,= in/ance1  among e>ly ,quak]s
 !re 7 a numb] ( %opkeep]s1 :o adopt$  !
 practice ( ask+ no m = _! goods ?an !y 
7 will+  to accept1 in/ead ( b>ga9+ )   
ea* cu/om]1 z ev]ybody else  did4 ,!y   
adopt$ ?is practice because !y held x to
 be a lie to  ask m ?an !y w\ld take4 ,b
 ! conv5i5ce to cu/om]s 0 s  great t    
ev]ybody came to _! %ops & !y grew ri*4 
7,i =get  :]e ,i read ?is1 b if my      
memory s]ves me x 0 9 "s reliable       
s\rce74 ,! same policy might h be5      
adopt$ f %rewdness1  b 9 fact no "o 0   

suffici5tly %rewd4 ,our unconsci\s is m 
malevol5t ?an x pays u to be2 !re=e ! p 
:o d mo/  completely :at is 9 fact to _!
 int]e/ are ^? :o1 on moral  gr\nds1 d  
:at !y believe to be aga9/ _! int]e/4   
,= ?is reason1 x is ( ! greate/         
importance to inquire :e!r  any me?od ( 
/r5g!n+ k9dly impulses exi/s4 ,i h no   
d\bt  t _! /r5g? or weakness dep5ds ^u  
discov]able physiological  causes2 let u
 assume t x dep5ds ^u ! gl&s4 ,if s1 an 
int]national secret society (           
physiologi/s c\ld br+ ab\t !  mill5nium 
by kidnapp+1 on a giv5 day1 all ! rul]s 
( ! _w1  & inject+ into _! blood "s     
sub/ance :i* w\ld fill !m  ) b5evol5ce  
t[>ds _! fell[-creatures4 ,sudd5ly ,m4  
,po9c>e  w\ld wi% well to ,ruhr m9]s1   
,"l ,curzon to ,indian nationali/s1     
,mr4 ,smuts to ! natives ( :at 0 ,g]man 
,s\? ,we/ ,africa1 !  ,am]ican ,gov]nm5t
 to its political prison]s & its victims
 9 ,ellis  ,isl&4 ,b alas1 !            
physiologi/s w\ld fir/ h to adm9i/] !   
love-philtre to !mselves be=e !y w\ld   

und]take su* a task4  ,o!rwise1 !y w\ld 
pref] to w9 titles & =tunes by inject+  
milit>y f]ocity into recruits4 ,& s we  
come back to ! old  dilemma3 only       
k9dl9ess c save ! _w1 & ev5 if we knew  
h[ to  produce k9dl9ess we %\ld n d s   
unless we 7 already k9dly4  ,fail+ t1 x 
seems t ! solution :i* ! ,h\ynhnms      
adopt$  t[>ds ! ,yahoos1 namely         
ext]m9ation1 is ! only "o2 app>5tly  !  
,yahoos are b5t on apply+ x to ea* o!r4 
,we may sum up ?is discussion 9 a few   
words4 ,sci5ce has n giv5  m5 m         
self-control1 m k9dl9ess1 or m p[] (    
disc\nt+  _! passions 9 decid+ ^u a     
c\rse ( action4 ,x has giv5  communities
 m p[] to indulge _! collective         
passions1 b1  by mak+ society m organic1
 x has dim9i%$ ! "p play$  by private   
passions4 ,m5's collective passions are 
ma9ly evil2 f>  ! /ronge/ ( !m are hatr$
 & rivalry direct$ t[>ds o!r  gr\ps4    
,!re=e at pres5t all t gives m5 p[] to  
indulge _!  collective passions is bad4 
,t is :y sci5ce ?reat5s to cause !      

de/ruction ( our civilization4 ,! only  
solid hope seems to lie 9  ! possibility
 ( _w-wide dom9ation by "o gr\p1 say !  
,unit$  ,/ates1 lead+ to ! gradual      
=mation ( an ord]ly economic &          
political _w-gov]nm5t4 ,b p]haps1 9 view
 ( ! /]ility (  ! ,roman ,empire1 !     
collapse ( our civilization w\ld 9 ! end
 be  pref]able to ?is alt]native4       
,transcrib]'s ,notes      ,punctuation1 
hyph5ation1 & spell+ 7 made consi/5t :5 
a  pr$om9ant pref]5ce 0 f\nd 9 ! orig9al
 book2 o!rwise !y  7 n *ang$4    ,simple
 typographical errors 7 correct$2       
unbalanc$ quotation  m>ks 7 rem$i$ :5 ! 
*ange 0 obvi\s1 & o!rwise left          
unbalanc$4    ,table ( ,cont5ts add$ by 
,transcrib]4