,,! ,,/ory ,,( ,,milk ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,illu/ration3 ,well kept cream]y ) attractive surr\nd+s ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,! ,,/ory ,,( ,,milk ,illu/ration ,,by ,,johan ,d4 ,,fr$]iks5 ,,graduate ,,( ,,! ,,royal ,,dani% ,,agricultural ,,college1 ,,au?or ,,( 8,,*eese ,,mak+ ,,9 ,,am]ica0 7,,9 ,,dani%71 8,,cream+ ,,milk ,,by ,,c5trifugal ,,=ce10 ,,etc41 ,,g5]al ,,manag] ,,( ,,*r4 ,,hans5',s ,,laboratory1 ,,manufactur]s ,,( ,,dairy ,,& ,,milk-,,food ,,prep>ations1 ,,little ,,falls1 ,n4,y4 ,new ,york ,,! ,,macmillan ,,company #aiai ,all rights res]v$ ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,copyright1 #aiai ,,by ,,! ,,macmillan ,,company ,set up & electrotyp$4 ,publi%$ ,septemb]1 #aiai ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,table ,,( ,,cont5ts ,,hi/orical ,,*apt] ,i ,,page ,,production1 ,,composition ,,& ,,*>act]i/ics ,,( #a ,,milk ,milk ,f]m5ts #a --,pa/eurization #a ,dairy ,cattle #a --,milk-,bre$s #a --,beef-,cattle #d --,food & ,wat] #e --,! ,b>n #i --,milk+ #aj --,te/ ! ,c[s #aa --,heal?y ,c[s #ab ,composition ( ,milk #ac --,butt]-fat #ac --,case9 & ,album5 #ad --,milk-,sug> #ad --,m9]al ,matt]s #ae ,h[ to ,te/ ,milk #ae --,! ,babcock ,te/ #af --,sampl+ #ag --,! ,lactomet] #ah --,acidity ,te/ #ai ,f]m5ts #bj ,enzymes #ba --,r5net #bj --,peps9 #ba ,bact]ia #ba --,lactic ,acid ,bacilli #ba ,! ,control ( ,bact]ia #bb --,cleanl9ess #bb --,heat #bb --,cool+ #bb --,dis9fectants #be ,pa/eurization #be ,pure ,cultures #cj --,/>t]s #cb ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,milk ,,supply ,,& ,,cream]y ,,products #ce ,milk ,supply #ce --,bov9e ,tub]culosis #ce --,milk z a ,disease ,c>ri] #cf --,bact]ia ,c\nt #cf --,c]tifi$ ,milk #cf --,! ,sanit>y ,code #ch --,new ,york ,/ate ,milk ,grad+ #ch --,city ,deliv]y #ci --,milk ,/ations #da --,skim ,milk #dd ,cream #dd --,! ,sep>ator #df --,p]c5tage ( ,butt]-fat #dh --,/&>diz+ ,cream #dh --,pa/euriz$ ,cream #di --,:ipp$ ,cream #di --,emulsifi$ ,cream #ej ,ice ,cream #eb --,freez]s #eb --,classification ( ,ice ,cream #ef --,ice ,cream ,recipes #ef ,butt] #fi --,dairy ,butt] #gj --,c5trifugal ,cream+ #gj --,co-op]ative ,cream]ies #gj --,rip5+ ! ,cream #ga --,color+ #gd --,*urn+ #ge --,work+ #gh --,salt+ #gi --,composition #gi --,ov]run #gi --,pack+ #gi --,sweet ,butt] #gi --,r5ovat$ ,butt] #hj --,oleom>g>9e #hj --,coco-,butt] #hj ,butt]milk #hj --,cool+ ,ess5tial #ha --,comm]cial ,butt]milk #ha --,rip5+ #hb --,break+ up ! ,curd #hb --,?ick ,milk #hb --,yogh\rt #hc ,f]m5t$ ,milk #hc --,k\mis #hc --,kefir #he ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,*eese #hf ,*$d> ,*eese #hi ,! ,factory ,sy/em #ii --,rip5+ ! ,milk #ij --,color+ & ,sett+ ) ,r5net #ib --,cutt+ ! ,curd #id --8,cook+0 #id --,matt+ #ie --,salt+ #ig --,press+ #ig --,cur+ #ig --,=m1 size & pack+ #ih --,clean+ ! vats #aja --,yield #ajb --,composition #ajb --,qualities #ajc ,*eese ,made f ,pa/euriz$ ,milk #ajc ,mak+ ,*$d> ,*eese on ! ,f>m #ajd ,o!r ,types ( ,h>d ,*eese #aaa --,g\da #aab --,edam #aab --,swiss #aae --,roque=t #abj --,p>mesan #abc --,caccio ,cavallo #abd --,limburg] #abe --,brick #abe --,mun/] #abf ,s(t ,r5net ,*eese #abf --,neuf*atel #abf --,cream ,*eese #abg --,cur$ ,s(t ,*eese #abh --,fr5* ,s(t ,*eese #abh ,cottage ,*eese #abi --,mak+ ,cottage ,*eese ) ,r5net #acb ,snappy ,*eese #acd ,club ,*eese #acd ,:ey ,*eese #acd ,milk-,sug> #ace ,case9 #ace ,milk ,p[d] #acf --,j-,hatmak] ,process #acf --,eck5b]g ,process #acf --,m]rell-,s\le ,process #acf --,economic ,process #acf --,skim-,milk ,p[d] #acf --,:ole-,milk ,p[d] #acf ,cond5s$ & ,evaporat$ ,milk #acg ,:ey #ach ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,milk ,,z ,a ,,food #aci ,nutri5ts #aci --,prote9 #aci --,fats & ,c>bohydrates #aci --,m9]al ,matt]s #adj --,relation #adj --,nutritive ,ratio #adj --,calories #ada --,fallacy ( ,!oretical ,valuation #adc --8,some?+ ,unkn[n0 #adc ,c>e ( ,milk 9 ! ,h\se #ade --,keep ! ,milk ,cool #ade --,top-,milk #adf ,milk = ,infants #adh --,modify+ ,milk #adh --,recipes = ,infant ,food #adi ,milk = ,gr[+ ,*ildr5 #aeb ,,*apt] ,v ,,milk ,,cook]y #aed ,s\ps #aee --,cream ,s\ps #aee --,c]eal ,cream ,s\ps #aeg --,milk ,*[d]s #aeh --,milk ,/ews #aeh ,milk ,c]eals #aei ,lun*eon & ,supp] ,di%es #aei --,cream$ ,di%es #afj --,s\ffles #afa --,*eese ,fondu #afa --,milk ,toa/ #afb ,*eese ,di%es z ,meat ,sub/itutes #afb ,*eese ,salads #aff ,cottage ,*eese #afg ,milk ,breads & ,biscuits #agj ,dess]ts #agb ,junkets #agi ,milk ,bev]ages #aha ,miscellane\s ,sugge/ions #ahd ,! ,!rmomet] #ahd ,weights & ,measures #ahe ,end ,notes #ahg ,bibliography #ahh ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,introduction ,! conception ( ?is 8,/ory ( ,milk0 dates _m ye>s back4 ,9 8 life-long /udy ( problems connect$ ) dairy f>m+ & milk indu/ries 9 two ( ! _w's greate/ dairy c\ntries1 ,d5m>k & ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ! au?or has felt ! ne$ ( a concise h&book cov]+ ?is int]e/+ subject4 ,9 8 =ty ye>s ( "w 9 ! manufacture & di/ribution ( dairy & milk-food prep>ations he has be5 br\ght con/antly into contact ) m5 & wom5 int]e/$ 9 ! production ( milk & has f\nd a p]si/5t dem& = a book t might be consult$ by anybody 9 reg>d to que/ions relat$ to ^! greate/ ( all foods1 :i* are1 or ought to be1 a mo/ important "p ( ! daily diet ( *ildr5 & adults alike1 at all times1 ev]y:]e4 ,!re 0 a "t dur+ ! w> :51 fright5$ by ! so>+ ( ! price :i* _h rema9$ rem>kably l[ = _m ye>s1 mu* too l[ 9 fact comp>$ ) ! co/ ( o!r food1 p began to cut d[n ! consumption ( milk to an al>m+ ext5t4 ,ev5 ! ,national ,food ,adm9i/ration = a %ort "t recomm5d$ sav+ 9 ! wrong place1 =gett+ t1 at ! highe/ figures rea*$ dur+ ! tempor>y %ortage1 milk 0 /ill "o ( ! *eape/ ( foods & t x 0 absolutely indisp5sable = gr[+ *ildr5 & exce$+ly b5eficial = m5 & wom5 :o 7 call$ ^u to ex]cise _! physical & m5tal p[]s z nev] be=e4 ,b ) m5 l ,dean ,russell ( ! ,wiscons9 ,agricultural ,college 9 ! ,dep>tm5t & ,dr4 ,graham ,lusk ( ,cornell ,univ]sity repres5t+ ! ,unit$ ,/ates on ! ,int]-,alli$ ,c\ncil ( ,alim5tation1 ! ,food ,adm9i/ration c\ld n long ma9ta9 ?is mi/ak5 attitude b quickly jo9$ ! ,college au?orities & ! repres5tatives ( ! dairy indu/ry 9 advocat+ a lib]al use ( milk4 ,& ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture s5t out ov] ! c\ntry a l>ge =ce ( demon/rators to %[ ! p h[ to use milk 9 mak+ cottage *eese & _m o!r ways1 & ,agricultural ,colleges1 ,f>m ,bureaus & ,home ,economics ,ag5ts work$ h& 9 h& ) ,wa%+ton 9 dissem9at+ ! k ( h&l+ & utiliz+ milk4 ,a g5u9e int]e/ has be5 ar\s$ 9 our c\ntry 9 ! economy & cons]vation ( food1 & 9 8,! ,/ory ( ,milk0 ! au?or hopes to place at ! disposal ( ! /ud5t ( ,dome/ic ,sci5ce a compreh5sive book ( ref]5ce :i* may op5 ! eyes ( _m to ! fact t !re is no m int]e/+ subject ?an 8,milk0 9 connection ) ! /udy ( ! welf>e & physical improvem5t ( humanity1 & t milk & its products %\ld be us$ to a mu* great] ext5t ?an h]et(ore4 ,x w\ld make a long li/ ( ref]5ces if ! au?or %\ld m5tion ! s\rces on :i* he has drawn = in=mation beyond 8 own life-long exp]i5ce 9 ! dairy & relat$ indu/ries4 ,he desires to express 8 s9c]e appreciation ( ! k9dness & ready response ( in/itutions & fri5ds to :om he has appeal$ = photographs & cuts :i* h enabl$ him to illu/rate ! text s lib]ally4 ,9 ! back ( ! book w be f\nd a brief bibliography ( /&>d dairy lit]ature 9 :i* /ud5ts may f9d mat]ial = fur!r in=mation4 ,_m int]e/+ data & sev]al excell5t illu/rations h be5 obta9$ f ! bullet9s & collections ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture 9 ,wa%+ton & ! ,dairy ,s*ools at ,i?aca1 ,n4,y41 ,madison1 ,wis41 & ,ames1 ,ia4 ,! ,*apt] on ,milk ,cook]y 0 writt5 & classifi$ by ! au?or's wife1 ^: practical exp]i5ce w make x useful alike to h\sekeep]s & /ud5ts ( ,dome/ic ,sci5ce4 ,j4 ,d4 ,,fr$]iks54 ,little ,falls1 ,n4,y41 ,april1 #aiai4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,hi/orical ,milk & its products h be5 kn[n & us$ f "t immemorial4 ,9 ! ,bible milk & milk foods are m5tion$ 9 "s ?irty places4 ,9 ,g54 #ah3h we read3 8444 & he 7,abraham's s]vant7 took butt] & milk & set x be=e !m 44402 #a ,sam4 #ag3bh3 8,& ,jesse said unto ,david1 8 son3 444 br+ ^! t5 *eeses unto ! capta9 ( _! ?\s& & look h[ ?y bre?r5 f>e444402 ,prov4 #cj3cc3 8,= ! *urn+ ( milk br+e? =? butt]10 etc4 ,?\gh 9 "s ( ^! passages butt] is m5tion$ x is h>dly probably t ?is product 0 really made or us$ at ! "t "u ! climatic conditions 9 ,pale/9e4 ,m likely x 0 v>i\s k9ds ( curd & *eese :i* ! translator call$ butt]4 ,at any rate1 ! ,hebrews ( t f>-(f day covet$ milk & its products among _! mo/ valu$ foods4 ,f ,egyptian1 ,greek & ,roman hi/ory x appe>s t k ( *eese goes back to ! mo/ anci5t times & t x 0 made f ! milk ( %eep1 goats1 c[s1 asses1 m>es1 9 fact f all dome/ic animals2 9 ! f> ,nor?1 ,lapps & ,eskimos /ill make x f ! milk ( ! re9de]1 ! ,arabs use camel's milk1 ,llama *eese is fam\s 9 ! ,cordill]as & ,zebu *eese 9 ,ceylon & ,india4 ,ev5 9 anci5t times ! great food value ( dairy products 0 recogniz$4 ,pl9ius tells ( ,zoroa/] t = tw5ty ye>s he liv$ exclusively on *eese1 & ,plut>* calls *eese "o ( ! mo/ n\ri%+ ( foods4 ,z "t w5t by1 ! c[ excell$ all o!r dome/ic animals 9 capacity = ! production ( milk & by con/ant use ?r\gh c5turies = ! "o special purpose1--by c>e 9 fe$+1 bre$+ & selection1--special bre$s ( cattle 7 develop$ :i* gave milk 9 extraord9>ily l>ge quantities4 ,illu/ration3 ,f ,maelk]itid5de1 ,cop5hag5 ,illu/ration3 ,?omas ,r4 ,segelcke1 fa!r ( sci5tific dairy+ 9 ,d5m>k ,illu/ration3 ,l4 ,b4 ,arnold1 not$ dairy exp]t & writ]1 ( ,h]kim] ,c\nty1 ,n4,y4 ,9 ! cold climate ( ! nor!rn c\ntries :]e butt] w keep = a long "t x has be5 made = c5turies4 ,! illu/ration above is f a mural pa9t+ 9 an old *ur* 9 ,f9l&4 ,evid5tly at ! "t :5 t 0 built ! devil already play$ havoc ) ! *urn & ev5 up to ! days ( our gr&-fa!rs 8 ,satanic ,maje/y 0 (t5 accus$ ( prev5t+ ! butt] f 8com+40 ,n until ! middle ( ! n9ete5? c5tury did dairy+ take its place among ! important indu/ries ( ! _w & sci5ce beg9 to be appli$ 9 its developm5t4 ,betwe5 #ahfj & #ahgj ,?omas ,r4 ,segelcke1 ! 8,fa!r ( ,sci5tific ,dairy+0 9 ,d5m>k1 introduc$ ! !rmomet] 9 *urn+ in/ead ( ! rule ( ?umb & />t$ ! keep+ ( records 9 ! manufacture ( butt]4 ,n4 ,j4 ,fjord />t$ a s]ies ( exp]im5ts 9 ! cream]ies1 cont9u$ ?r\gh ! next decades1 & :i* became models = simil> "w ?r\gh\t ! _w1 cov]+ pa/eurization1 ice h\ses & cold /orage1 comp>ison betwe5 v>i\s sy/ems = rais+ ! cream1 sep>ators1 fe$+ rations1 etc41 & ,d5m>k develop$ its agriculture & dairy indu/ry to an enviable position4 ,ab\t ! same "t ,dr4 ,s*atzman appli$ sci5tific me?ods 9 *eese mak+ 9 ,switz]l& & ,jesse ,williams />t$ ! fir/ ,am]ican *eese factory ne> ,rome1 ,n4,y41 :ile ,l4 ,b4 ,arnold1 ,x4 ,a4 ,will>d1 ,h>ris ,lewis1 ,h>ry ,burrell & _m o!r progressive dairym5 made ,h]kim] ,c\nty *eese fam\s4 ,f ,new ,york1 dairy f>m+ spread rapidly we/w>d ?r\gh ,ohio to ,mi*igan & ,nor!rn ,ill9ois1 :]e butt] mak+ 0 develop$ ar\nd ,elg91 & to ,wiscons91 :]e ,gov]nor ,ho>d prea*$ ! gospel ( progress1 ,babcock inv5t$ & gave to ! _w ! fam\s te/ t be>s 8 "n & ,russell made a specialty ( dairy bact]iology4 ,illu/ration3 ,j4 ,h4 ,monrad1 ! 8,p5 & ,ink0 butt]mak] ( ,new ,york ,produce ,review ,illu/ration3 ,gov]nor ,w4 ,d4 ,ho>d1 ( ,wiscons91 promotor ( progressive me?ods ( dairy+ ,illu/ration3 ,j4 ,a4 ,ruddick1 ,dairy ,commission] ( ,canada ,j4 ,h4 ,monrad1 ,assi/ant ,dairy ,commission] ( ,ill9ois1 /ud5t1 writ] & lectur] on dairy subjects1 collect$ & index$ "o ( ! mo/ complete & valuable libr>ies ( dairy lit]ature f\nd any:]e1 :i* aft] 8 dea? 9 #aiae 0 tak5 ov] & in/all$ 9 special rooms by ,*r4 ,hans5's ,laboratorium 9 ,cop5hag51 :]e a libr>ian is keep+ x up to date & x is op5 to ! public4 ,9 ,canada1 ,dairy ,commission]s ,jas4 ,w4 ,rob]tson & ,j4 ,a4 ,ruddick1 ,d4 ,m4 ,mc,pherson1 ! 8,*eese ,k+10 & o!rs contribut$ to an enorm\s developm5t ( ! manufacture ( high-class *eese1 & 9 ,new ,zeal& & ,au/ralia simil> progress 0 made4 ,bus9ess & sci5ce h vi$ ) ea* o!r 9 increas+ ! output ( dairy products & improv+ _! quality4 ,9 ! table bel[1 %[+ e/imates = #aiag1 "s int]e/+ figures are giv5 ( ! am\nt ( milk produc$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ! uses to :i* x is appli$4#a ,uses to :i* milk is put 7calculations bas$ on e/imates7 ,item ,lbs4 ( ,milk ,p] ,c5t ,product ( #bb1gfh1jjj c[s at #hd1faa1cej1jjj #c1gaf lbs4 p] an4 ,disposition ( milk product3 #a1fej1jjj1jjj lbs4 ( butt] #cd1ffc1hej1jjj #da4j 7at #ba lbs4 milk7 #dbj1jjj1jjj lbs4 ( *eese 7at #d1bjj1jjj1jjj #e4j #aj lbs4 milk7 #ige1jjj1jjj lbs4 ( cond5s$ #b1dcg1ejj1jjj #b4i milk 7at #b lbs4 milk7 #baj1jjj1jjj gals4 ( ice cream #c1aej1jjj1jjj #c4g 7weigh+ #f lbs4 to ! gallon1 #aj fat7 #ajj1jjj1jjj p]sons2 #de at #cf1ejj1jjj1jjj #dc4a #j4g lb4 a day 7cities7 f>ms ) dairy c[s1 #cj1 #a4e lbs4 p] day2 o!r f>ms & small t[ns1 #be1 #a lb4 a day1 approximately #ag1ejj1jjj calves1 :ole milk #c1ffj1jjj1jjj #d4c 7e/imat$7 requirem5t ,total #hd1faa1cej1jjj #ajj4j ,al?\gh ! table acc\nts = all ! milk produc$1 x does n tell ! :ole /ory1 s9ce ! prep>ation ( a numb] ( products results 9 ! =mation ( va/ quantities ( by-products t are n us$ to ! fulle/ advantage = human food4 ,new ,york ,city alone consumes #a1fjj1jjj qu>ts ( milk a day1 b ev5 ?is enorm\s quantity means only #j4f p9t p] capita4 ,! consum+ public has be5 sl[ to realize ! value ( milk & its products1 & too mu* emphasis _c be laid ^u ! fact t ev5 at ! l>gely increas$ co/ ( all dairy products !y are /ill "s ( ! *eape/ & ! mo/ heal?ful ( foods1 especially = gr[+ *ildr51 & %\ld be us$ 9 mu* l>g] quantities4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,! ,,/ory ,,( ,,milk ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,! ,,/ory ,,( ,,milk ,,*apt] ,i ,,production1 ,,composition ,,& ,,*>act]i/ics ,,( ,,milk1 ,,milk ,,f]m5ts1 ,,pa/eurization ,,dairy ,,cattle ,illu/ration3 ,hol/e9 ,a numb] ( typical b widely diff]5t bre$s ( dairy c[s h be5 develop$ 9 v>i\s dairy c\ntries1 ea* ow+ to ! soil & ! climatic conditions ( its home1 z well z to ! skill & fancy ( ! bre$]s1 its *>act]i/ic features1 =m1 color1 etc4 ,illu/ration3 ,h]d ( pure-br$ ,hol/e9 c[s on a f>m 9 c5tral ,new ,york ,milk-,bre$s4--,! black & :ite ,hol/e9-,friesians 7:i*1 by ! way1 _h _! home 9 ,holl& & n 9 ,hol/e97 are kn[n = _! l>ge production ( n v ri* milk1 :ile ! ,gu]nseys & ,j]seys give milk exce$+ly ri* 9 butt]-fat4 ,a good ,hol/e9 c[ w give f #g1jjj to #aj1jjj lbs4 ( milk 9 a ye>1 conta9+ f #c to #d butt]-fat4 ,"s ( !m produce z mu* z #bj1jjj to #cj1jjj lbs4 9 a ye>--ne>ly #d1jjj gallons--j ?9k ( x6 ,j]sey c[s w usually n produce z mu* 9 quantity z ! ,hol/e9s b ,j]sey milk (t5 conta9s #e or #f or m butt]-fat1 & a few ( ! be/ h be5 kn[n to produce #hjj to #ijj lbs4 ( butt] 9 "o ye>1 an am\nt equal to ! c['s own weight4 ,! r$ ,dani% c[ is an exce$+ly good & highly br$ milk produc] :i*1 h[ev]1 has n be5 introduc$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 b ! ,scot* ,ayr%ires & ! ,br[n ,swiss are o!r well-kn[n dairy bre$s :i* are 9 favor ) _m ,am]ican f>m]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,gu]nsey ,b1 alas6 too _m h]ds ( dairy cattle av]age less ?an #e1jjj lbs4 ( milk p] c[ p] ye> & d n pay = _! fe$4 ,illu/ration3 ,j]sey c[s ,illu/ration3 ,r$ ,dani% ,illu/ration3 ,ayr%ire ,illu/ration3 ,%or?orn1 beef-/ra9 ,_m native c[s respond1 h[ev]1 to good c>e & fe$ & ) a ?or\ghbr$ bull a satisfactory h]d c readily be built up f c>efully select$ native /ock4 ,su* cont9u$ cross-bre$+ is m apt to succe$ ?an attempts to cross two ?or\ghbr$ bre$s because ! *>act]i/ic features 9 full-blood$ animals are s /rong z to inv>iably pr$om9ate 9 ! prog5y ov] ! less pron\nc$ =ms & t5d5cies inh]5t 9 native c[s4 ,b :]e two full-blood$ animals are mat$ & ! /rong *>act]i/ics 9 ea* are fight+ = pr$om9ance ! result is apt to be a poor1 ill-proportion$ (fspr+ z ! result ( atavism4 ,illu/ration3 ,%or?orn1 milk-/ra9 ,beef-,cattle4--,cattle br$ & develop$ = ! purpose ( produc+ beef r ?an milk are call$ by contra/ beef-cattle4 ,z examples ( beef-c[s look at ! ,%or?orns or ! ,h]e=ds or ! ,poll$ ,angus at ! next ,/ate ,fair y visit & notice ! squ>e1 deep1 smoo? body ) muscles & fat /rongly develop$ 9 contra/ to ! loosely built1 bony milk-c[ ) its t5d5cy to turn all its food into milk at ! exp5se ( ! body4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 also among ! ,%or?orns1 /ra9s ( good milk]s1 b z a rule ^! beef-bre$s are n select$ = ! dairy f>m1 & 8dual purpose0 c[s are n usually pr(itable4 ,food & ,wat]4--,! natural food = ! dairy c[ 9 summ] is grass1 & :]e ri*1 succul5t grass & clov] gr[ 9 abundance1 z on ! f]tile mead[s ( ,holl& & ! ,*annel ,isl&s1 or ! ,swiss ,alps1 ! highly cultivat$ ,dani% f>ms1 ! ea/]n & middle-we/]n /ates ( ,am]ica1 etc41 dairy+ e>ly rea*$ its highe/ developm5t4 ,z ! value ( milk & its products = human food became m g5]ally recogniz$ & all-!-ye>-r\nd production 0 =c$1 x 0 f\nd necess>y to fe$ ! c[s heavily 9 w9t] too1 n only hay1 b also gra9 & succul5t food su* z beets & corn-ensilage 7gre5 corn cut1 /alks1 cobs & all1 & pack$ 9 a silo71 & sci5ce 0 tak5 into play to =mulate ,balanc$ ,rations conta9+ ! prop] am\nts & proportions ( ! v>i\s nutri5ts--,prote91 ,fat & ,c>bohydrates4 ,x is n ! place "h to g deep] into ?is problem :i* has long be5 a subject = ?or\gh rese>* & exp]im5ts4 ,9 fact1 m att5tion has be5 paid to ! fe$+ ( cattle ?an to ! prop] n\ri%m5t ( human be+s1 & mu* ( :at we "k ab\t ! latt] has be5 d$uct$ f exp]i5ce & /udy on ! dairy f>m1 & f laboratory "w along t l9e4 ,9 ! *apt] on 8,milk z a ,food0 we are tak+ up food values1 etc41 9 relation to ! fe$+ ( *ildr5 & m54 ,suffice x "h to say t ! same fundam5tal pr9ciples apply to ! fe$+ ( calves & cattle = ! production ( milk & beef4 ,& we wi% to emphasize ! fact t1 ) due consid]ation to ! prop] proportion betwe5 ! v>i\s gr\ps ( nutri5ts1 x is mu* m important t ! food is succul5t1 appetiz+ & easily dige/ible ?an t ! ration %all be accurately balanc$4 ,illu/ration3 ,cutt+ ensilage & fill+ ! silo ,?is fact1 long well kn[n to practical bre$]s & dairym51 has rec5tly be5 confirm$ by ,dr4 ,e4 ,v4 ,mc,cullom to ^: exp]im5ts fur!r ref]5ce is made 9 ! *apt] on milk z a food = *ildr54 ,he %[s t !re is a v great diff]5ce 9 ! quality ( ,prote9 & ,fat f v>i\s s\rces & t !re is 8,some?+ ,unkn[n0 9 butt]-fat1 = in/ance1 :i* is abs5t 9 mo/ o!r fats & :i* is vital = ! gr[? ( ! *ild z well z = ! prop] n\ri%m5t ( man4 ,?is unkn[n b ess5tial sub/ance is also f\nd1 9 small quantities1 9 ! leaves ( c]ta9 plants1 z 9 alfalfa1 :ile x is abs5t 9 ! gra9 ( ! c]eals4 ,illu/ration3 ,an abundant crop ( alfalfa hay2 cut ?ree times dur+ ! summ]4 ,supplies prote9 9 ! ration ,9 mod]n dairy f>m+ alfalfa is consid]$ an indisp5sable s\rce = prote91 & corn-ensilage or beets = c>bohydrates1 :ile bran1 cottonse$ meal or oil cake1 malt-spr\ts1 glut51 di/ill]s' gra91 etc41 may be us$ to advantage 9 v>i\s comb9ations4 ,illu/ration3 ,c[s milk$ ) ma*9e ,contr>y to a g5]al impression "o _c fe$ fat into ! milk4 ,a l>ge am\nt ( oil cake or o!r food ri* 9 fat 9 ! daily ration does n increase ! p]c5tage ( butt]-fat 9 ! milk4 ,r1 x dep5ds l>gely ^u ! bre$ & to "s ext5t ^u ! p]iod ( lactation4 ,provid$ ! food agrees ) h] dige/ion & keeps ! c[ 9 a good1 heal?y condition1 ! composition ( ! milk is n *ang$ to any appreciable ext5t by a *ange 9 make-up ( ! food4 ,x goes )\t say+ t to produce f #bj to #ej lbs4 ( milk a day ! c[ mu/ h an abundance ( fre%1 pure wat] to dr9k & %e %\ld n h access to /agnant wat]4 ,! ,b>n mu/ be clean1 light & well v5tilat$ & ! c[s %\ld be milk$ ) clean h&s into a clean pail :i* is cov]$ z f> z possible s z to prev5t du/ f fall+ into ! milk1 or ) "o ( ! excell5t milk+ ma*9es :i* are n[ frequ5tly us$ 9 l>ge dairies4 ,! milk is /ra9$ & cool$ imm$iately aft] milk+4 ,illu/ration3 ,milk+ ma*9e ,illu/ration3 ,9 ! p>tly cov]$ milk-pail du/ does n fall z readily z 9 ! "o entirely op5 ,milk+4--,! c[s are usually milk$ twice a day2 occasionally1 :5 ! highe/ possible yield is desir$1 z 9 important te/s1 ?ree or f\r times4 ,! fir/ five days aft] ! bir? ( ! calf ! milk1--! ,colo/rum s call$1--is n normal & %\ld n be us$ = human consumption4 ,x may be f$ to ! calf4 ,! fir/ ?ree to f\r mon?s ! yield ( milk g5]ally is high] ?an lat]1 :5 x gradually drops until aft] ab\t t5 mon?s x /ops altoge!r & ! c[ goes 8dry0 at lea/ = "s six weeks be=e dropp+ ! next calf4 ,! highe/ annual yield may be obta9$ by hav+ ! c[s 8come 90 9 ! ,fall or e>ly ,w9t] & fe$+ !m well all ,w9t] to keep up an abundant fl[ ( milk4 ,!n1 :5 !y come out on pa/ure 9 ! ,spr+1--9 ! latitude ( ! ,great ,lakes ab\t ,may #ae?1--! fre%1 ri* fe$ w /imulate production & give x a fre% />t s t ! milk-pail may cont9ue to be fill$ dur+ ! next few mon?s & ! %r9kage ( ! yield w n occur until ! "t :5 ! pa/ures dry up4 ,! c[ w !n g dry 9 ! e>ly ,fall1 :5 fe$ is sc>ce4 ,usually1 h[ev]1 ! c[s are all[$ to 8come 90 9 ! ,spr+ & ! yield ( milk beg9s to %r9k 9 ! late ,summ] ) little or no?+ 9 ! ,w9t]4 ,illu/ration3 ,milk+ on a ,dani% f>m ,te/ ! ,c[s4--,to asc]ta9 if a c[ pays = h] fe$ ! am\nt & ! quality ( ! milk %\ld be te/$ & comput$ = ! ye>4 ,if ! milk f ea* c[ _c be weigh$ e day x may be done regul>ly once a mon? or pref]ably (t5]4 ,if x is weigh$ morn+ & ev5+ once e t5 days x is easy to keep ! acc\nt by multiply+ ! numb] ( p\nds by t5 & add+ ! totals = ! ye>4 ,occasionally ! milk may be subject$ to ! ,babcock ,te/ to asc]ta9 its ri*ness2 ?ree or f\r times dur+ ! p]iod ( lactation is suffici5t4 ,:]e f>m]s d n h "t to d ! te/+ !mselves !y (t5 comb9e & hire a "y man or woman1 tra9$ 9 an agricultural college1 to g ar\nd f f>m to f>m & d ! "w4 ,^! exp]ts n only te/ ! yield & ! p]c5tage ( fat b also weigh & compute ! fe$ s z to help ! f>m] make up 8 rations & calculate :e!r ea* c[ pays = h] fe$ or n4 ,! memb]s ( ^! associations meet & comp>e notes & a fri5dly rivalry is /imulat$ :i* may d mu* t[>d increas+ production4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 :]e ,c[ ,te/ ,associations h be5 introduc$1 bo? yield & quality ( ! milk h be5 l>gely increas$4 ,illu/ration3 ,dr4 ,b]nh>d ,bang ( ,cop5hag51 ,d5m>k ,heal?y ,c[s alone c be dep5d$ ^u to produce sanit>y milk4 ,9 _m h]ds ( milk-c[s tub]culosis is preval5t1 & con/ant vigilance is necess>y to prev5t its spread4 ,! ,tub]cul9 ,te/ discov]$ by ,ko* is invaluable = ! purpose ( asc]ta9+ ! pres5ce ( tub]culosis4 ,x is n necess>y1 h[ev]1 to kill e infect$ animal4 ,only :]e ! lungs or ! udd] is affect$ & a physical exam9ation %[s an advanc$ /age ( ! disease su* radical means are advisable4 ,:5 ! tub]cul9 te/ 0 fir/ introduc$ _m valuable h]ds 7 wantonly & fooli%ly kill$ (f because "s ( ! highly develop$ dairy c[s %[$ reaction to ! te/ :ile wor?less scrubs 7 all[$ to live & spread ! disease4 ,= only ! intellig5t & public-spirit$ own]s ( f9e h]ds submitt$ _! c[s to ! te/1 a reaction to :i*1 "u ill-advis$ regulations1 p]mitt$ /ate (ficials to condemn ! infect$ h]ds4 ,9 ,d5m>k ,dr4 ,b]nh>d ,bang introduc$ a sy/em ( isolation ( ! infect$ animals :i* toge!r ) ,compulsory ,pa/eurization ( ! milk f su* c[s has prov$ effici5t = ! eradication ( tub]culosis1 & ! ,bang ,me?od is n[ g5]ally recogniz$ z ! prop] way ( h&l+ ! matt]4 ,,composition ,,( ,,c[',s ,,milk ,c['s milk conta9s on an av]age 9 #ajj lbs43 #hg lbs4 ( wat] #d lbs4 ( butt]-fat #c lbs4 ( case9 & album9 7prote97 #e lbs4 ( milk sug> lbs4 ( a% 7m9]al matt]7 #ajj lbs4 total4 ,x consi/s !re=e ( #hg wat] & #ac 8solids10 #d ( :i* are fat & #i1 8solids--n fat40 ,butt]-,fat is f\nd 9 milk 9 ! =m ( m9ute globules susp5d$ 9 ! liquid4 ,z fat or oil is light] ?an wat] 7has less specific gravity7 x naturally floats & ! fat globules !re=e soon rise to ! top :5 milk /&s at re/1 =m+ a lay] ( cream :i* may be skimm$ (f f ! milk4 ,9 *emical composition butt]-fat is v ne>ly ! same z o!r animal & vegetable fats1 b ! slight v>iation may make a lot ( diff]5ce 9 dige/ibility & palatability z well z 9 nutritive value1 & x is a mi/ake to consid] ,oleom>g>9e1 ,butt]9e1 ,nut-,butt] & o!r sub/itutes = butt] 8j z good0 because a *emical analysis %[s !m to conta9 8almo/0 ! same elem5ts or comp\nds4 ,^! products may be good & legitimate if sold = :at !y are1 b %\ld nev] be all[$ to be sold or s]v$ = :at !y are n1 g5u9e butt]4 ,illu/ration3 ,composition ( c['s milk ,case9 & ,album9 are ! proteids or nitrog5\s matt]s ( ! milk1 9 *emical composition & 9 food value mu* ! same z ! prote9 9 beans & peas or 9 meat1 or ! :ite ( eggs4 ,case9 is pres5t 9 mu* l>g] quantity ?an album9 & is di/+ui%$ f ! latt] by be+ precipitat$ by r5net1 :i* has no effect on album94 ,case9 may also be precipitat$ by acids1 :ile x requir$ boil+ z well z acidity to ?r[ ! album9 out ( solution4 ,milk-,sug> is relat$ to ! vegetable sug>s1 glucose1 cane sug>1 etc41 & rema9s 9 solution 9 ! :ey :i* sep>ates out f ! *eese-curd :5 milk is curdl$ ) r5net or acids4 ,! :ey also conta9s ! m9]al matt]s or a%1 :i* consi/s l>gely ( phosphate ( lime1 ( use to ! "y 9 build+ up bones4 ,:5 :ey is boil$ d[n to a ?ick syrup & left to /&1 ! sug> w cry/allize out & may be sep>at$ f ! liquid1 /ill hold+ 9 solution ! m9]al matt]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,fat globules z !y appe> "u ! microscope ,m9]al ,matt]s4--,^! may be ga!r$ z a% by boil+ (f ! wat] f ?is liquid or f ! :ole milk & burn+ ! re/1 z all ! con/itu5ts except ! a% belong to :at 9 *emi/ry is call$ organic matt]1 :i* disappe>s 9 ! air by burn+4 ,illu/ration3 ,dr4 ,s4 ,m4 ,babcock ( ,madison1 ,wis4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,te/ ,,milk ,milk may be adult]at$ or decreas$ 9 value ei!r by skimm+ or by wat]+4 ,9 ei!r case ! p]c5tage ( ! mo/ valuable con/itu5t1 ! butt]-fat1 is dim9i%$4 ,x is ^u ?is fact t ! mo/ practical te/1 ! ,babcock1 is bas$4 ,illu/ration3 ,babcock te/ outfit ,! ,babcock ,te/4#b--;,by treat+ a sample ( milk ) /rong sulphuric acid ! butt]-fat is lib]at$ z an oil4 ,by subject+ ! mixture to c5trifugal =ce ! light butt] oil is sep>at$ f ! re/ ( ! milk & ! p]c5tage c be easily det]m9$4 ,c5trifugal =ce _h already be5 us$ 9 ! ,fjord ,cream ,te/1 b x rema9$ = ,dr4 ,babcock to "w out ! spl5did practical & reliable te/ :i* be>s 8 "n & 9 :i* he has giv5 to ! _w an inv5tion ( incalculable value4 ,illu/ration3 ,a two-bottle ma*9e ,sampl+4--,:e!r x is new milk or skim milk or butt]milk or cream t is to be te/$ ! fir/ ?+ to obs]ve is to take a truly repres5tative sample4 ,! liquid mu/ be ?or\ghly mix$ by p\r+ x sev]al times f "o vessel to ano!r1 or /irr+ vigor\sly4 ,x may n always be conv5i5t to make a te/ imm$iately :5 ! sample is tak54 ,9 ! cream]y :]e ! milk is paid = accord+ to its fat cont5ts1 samples are tak5 e day f e patron's milk & x w\ld take too mu* "t = ! butt] mak] to te/ all ( ^! samples be=e !y w\ld spoil4 ,a pres]vative1 corrosive sublimate1--poison\s b all "r = ! purpose1--is !re=e add$ & all ! samples ( "o f>m]'s milk = sev]al days or a :ole week are put toge!r 9 "o glass to be kept & te/$ at "o "t4 ,?is is call$ a composite te/ & has prov5 entirely satisfactory4 ,! ,lactomet] has be5 us$ to discov] adult]ations1 dep5d+ ^u ! diff]5ce 9 specific gravity ( ! v>i\s con/itu5ts4 ,! specific gravity ( :ole milk is ab\t #a4jcb :i* means t1 if a c]ta9 volume ( wat] weighs #a4jjj weight units1 ! same volume ( :ole milk weighs #a4jcb1 ! same volume ( butt]-fat weighs1 say1 4#ijj1 or ( cream ab\t #a4jjj1 & ( skim milk #a4jcf units4 ,if ! ,lactomet] %[s a sample ( milk to h a high] specific gravity ?an #a4jcb x may !re=e be suspect$ ( hav+ be5 skimm$4 ,b x w readily be se5 t by remov+ f :ole milk "s ( ! cream & add+ wat]1 ! specific gravity c easily be br\ght back to normal = :ole milk4 ,?is te/ is !re=e unreliable & has be5 disc>d$ ) ! adv5t ( ! ,babcock4 ,illu/ration3 ,! acidemet] ,acidity ,te/4#c--,! acidity1 or s\rness1 ( milk or cream1 :i* dep5ds ^u ! am\nt ( lactic acid develop$ 9 x1 may be te/$ by a liquid normal alkali or by ! ,f>r+ton ,alkal9e ,tablets1 a solution ( :i* add$ to s\r milk neutralizes ! acid4 ,a few drops ( an indicator1 ,ph5olp?ale91 add$ to ! milk1 turns x p9k :5 all ! acid has be5 neutraliz$1 & ! am\nt ( alkali solution us$ %[s ! p]c5tage ( acid 9 ! milk4 ,?is is q important 9 prep>+ 8/>t]s0 = rip5+ ! cream 9 butt] mak+ or milk 9 *eese mak+1 & 9 ! manufacture ( 8,comm]cial ,butt]milk10 etc4 ,!re are o!r te/s us$ 9 sci5tific dairy+ z ! ,f]m5tation ,te/ to asc]ta9 ! relative purity ( milk1 ! ,case9 ,te/1 etc41 b ! above are ^? mo/ly us$ besides ! ,bact]ial ,c\nt :i* is m5tion$ "u ! *apt] on 8,milk ,supply10 & ! ,r5net ,te/ describ$ "u 8,*eese ,mak+40 ,,f]m5ts ,two classes ( f]m5ts are ( importance 9 connection ) milk3 7#a7 8unorganiz$0 or *emical f]m5ts1 ! 8enzymes10 & 7#b7 8organiz$0 f]m5ts su* z bact]ia & yea/4 ,enzymes ,r5net4--,among ! unorganiz$ f]m5ts1 ,r5net or ,r5n9 is highly important on acc\nt ( its p[] ( coagulat+ or curdl+ milk by precipitation ( ! case94 ,r5net is extract$ f ! /oma* ( ! suckl+ or milk-f$ calf1 :]e x s]ves 9 dige/+ ! calf's food4 ,x is 9 ! m>ket 9 ! =m ( a liquid extract z well z a dry p[d] compress$ into tablets 7,r5net ,tablets & ,junket ,tablets74 ,! *>act]i/ics & use ( r5net are describ$ "u 8,*eese ,mak+0 9 ,*apt] ,,iii4 ,peps9 is ano!r enzyme ! (fice ( :i* 9 ! process ( dige/ion is to dissolve album9oids4 ,x is n consid]$ id5tical ) r5net ?\gh 9 an acid solution x w curdle milk4 ,x occurs 9 ! /oma*s ( gr[n animals f$ on solid food & is usually produc$ f hogs' /oma*s4 ,bact]ia ,ev]y:]e1 9 ! air1 9 wat]1 9 ! soil1 & cl++ to e object 9 ! _w1 are m9ute organisms kn[n "u ! common names ( bact]ia or microbes4 ,9 contra/ to r5net & ! o!r 8unorganiz$0 f]m5ts1 bact]ia belong to ! 8organiz$0 class4 ,"s are h>mful1 produc+ putrefaction1 dissolution1 poisons or disease2 o!rs are b5eficial1 lead+ to desirable f]m5tations & *anges2 o!rs aga9 are indiff]5t1 nei!r good nor bad1 b h>mless4 ,z ! milk comes f ! c[ x is almo/ free f bact]ia1 b milk makes an excell5t soil = _m ( ^! organisms to gr[ 91 & !y soon get 91 to multiply ) enorm\s rapidity at any temp]ature f #fj to #ajj ,f4 ,lactic ,acid ,bacilli are bact]ia ( special importance to ! dairyman1 = !y conv]t sug> ( milk into lactic acid & produce v>i\s m or less agreeable flavors4 ,!y are also p[]ful g]micides & scav5g]s1 de/roy+ or neutraliz+ ! products ( o!r bact]ia :i* 9 ! abs5ce ( ^! bact]ia & ! lactic acid produc$ by !m w\ld play havoc ) ! food & produce putrefaction or disease4 ,ev]ybody :o h&les milk kn[s t pure s\r milk or butt]milk 9 :i* lactic acid bact]ia ab\nd keeps well = a long "t1 free f o!r f]m5tations :i* h no *ance to develop 9 _! pres5ce4 ,x is due to ?is purify+ prop]ty t ,met*nik(f recomm5d$ ,bulg>ian s\r milk z a heal? food1 ass]t+ t x prev5ts h>mful f]m5tations 9 ! dige/ive *annel4 ,! ,control ( ,bact]ia ,! pr9cipal means at our disposal to prev5t or control & regulate bact]ial gr[? are3 ,cleanl9ess1 ,heat1 ,cold & ,dis9fectants4 ,cleanl9ess4--,only ! mo/ scrupul\s cleanl9ess w prev5t contam9ation4 ,h5ce ! necessity ( ?or\gh sc\r+ & /]iliz+ ( all ut5sils1 & ! ne$ = fre% air & pure wat]4 ,heat4--,! prev5tion ( f]m5tation 9 milk by heat+ is call$ 8/]ilization0 or 8pa/eurization0 accord+ to ! int5sity ( ! heat & ! l5g? ( "t ! milk is subject$ to x4 ,boil+ de/roys almo/ all bact]ial life4 ,"s g]ms require1 h[ev]1 exposure to a mu* high] temp]ature1 up to #bej ,f4 7boil+ "u pressure71 to be entirely eradicat$1 b = all practical purposes a ?or\gh boil+ is consid]$ suffici5t to elim9ate all dang] ( contam9ation4 ,su* boil+ is usually t]m$ ,/]ilization4 ,illu/ration3 ,effect ( heat+ milk to v>i\s temp]atures4 ,publi%$ by ! ,toronto ,bo>d ( ,heal? ,cool+ *ecks bact]ial gr[? & b few g]ms ?rive at a temp]ature bel[ #ej ,f4 ,! foll[+ table & diagram#d %[ h[ quickly bact]ia multiply 9 milk at ord9>y room temp]ature1 #fh to #gj1 :i* emphasizes ! importance ( keep+ milk cool4 ,relative gr[? ( bact]ia :5 held at diff]5t temp]atures ,no4 ( ,tem4 ( bact]ia ,at end ,at end ( ,at end ( ,at end ( ,milk p] c4c4 ( #f hrs4 #ab hrs4 #bd hrs4 #dj hrs4 at beg9n+ ,f4 #ej #aj #ab #ae #da #fb #fh #aj #ag #bdb #fa1bhj #c1egd1iij ,illu/ration3 ,milk cool] ,if ! milk _h conta9$ #a1jjj bact]ia p] cubic c5timet] at ! beg9n+1 ! "p held at #ej ,f4 w\ld h conta9$ #d1ajj bact]ia at ! end ( #bd h\rs1 :ile t held at #fh ,f4 w\ld h conta9$ #f1abh1jjj4 ,! effect ( temp]ature ^u ! gr[? ( bact]ia is %[n graphically 9 ! cut4 ,b ev5 fro/ does n kill ! bact]ia4 ,if milk :i* has be5 kept sweet or at ! desir$ degree ( s\rness by cool+ is all[$ to get w>m aga91 ! bact]ia :i* h be5 kept dormant w get a fre% />t4 ,= ?is reason milk & cream = city supply %\ld n only be cool$ /rongly1 b mu/ be kept ?or\ghly *ill$ up to ! "t !y are us$1 :i* means t !y %\ld be deliv]$ cool to ! consum]1 & kept on ice 9 ! h\se1 nev] be+ all[$ to w>m up until us$4 ,illu/ration3 ,! diagram 7aft] ,conn7 %[s ! rapidity ) :i* bact]ia multiply 9 milk n prop]ly cool$4 ,a s+le bact]ium 7a7 9 #bd h\rs multipli$ to #e 7b7 9 milk kept at #ej ,f42 7c7 repres5ts ! numb] t develop f a s+le bact]ium 9 milk kept #bd h\rs at #gj ,f4 ,dis9fectants4--,antiseptics1 su* z b5zoate ( soda1 =mal91 boracic acid1 etc41 are n p]missible 9 milk1 b dis9fectants su* z soda1 lime1 wa%+ p[d]s1 etc41 %\ld be freely us$ 9 clean+ ut5sils1 bottles1 floors & walls :]e milk is h&l$1 s z to prev5t z f> z possible any infection4 ,,pa/eurization ,illu/ration3 ,l\is ,pa/eur1 ,fr5* sci5ti/ & orig9ator ( ! process ( pa/eurization4 ,pa/eurization dep5ds ^u ! fact t almo/ all bact]ia1 & especially ! disease-produc+ species1 are *eck$ 9 _! gr[? & made h>mless1 if n totally de/roy$1 by in/antane\s exposure to a temp]ature ( #age ,f41 or a m or less prolong$ exposure to l[] temp]ature1 = in/ance = #bj m9utes to #aeg or #cj m9utes to #ade4 ,^! l[] temp]atures are recomm5d$ 9 ! case ( new milk to be consum$ z su*1 9 ord] n to *ange its dige/ibility4 ,pa/euriz]s ) 8hold+ devices0 are !re=e l>gely tak+ ! place ( ! 8cont9u\s0 /]iliz+ ma*9es1 :i* all[ only mom5t>y exposure to ! highe/ temp]ature4 ,:atev] me?od is us$ x is ess5tial t aft] ! heat+ is f9i%$ ! milk %\ld be cool$ z quickly z possible to a temp]ature suffici5tly l[ to prev5t developm5t ( ! g]ms t h n be5 entirely de/roy$ by ! heat & :i*1 if ! milk is left = any l5g? ( "t at a temp]ature favorable = bact]ial life--any:]e betwe5 #fe & #aaj1--w beg9 to gr[ aga94 ,cool ! milk to bel[ #fj & if possible to #ej or #dj4 ,sometimes a second pa/eurization is practic$1 ! milk be+ purposely all[$ to /& at #gj to #hj = #ab to #bd h\rs aft] ! fir/ pa/eurization = ! g]ms :i* escap$ de/ruction to develop into full-gr[n bact]ia4 ,!y are !n kill$ by ! second heat+ be=e ! milk is f9ally *ill$ to /op any fur!r gr[?4 ,pa/eurization c be done by plac+ ! milk 9 any t9 or enamell$ or glass vessel1 set 9 ano!r vessel conta9+ wat] 7a d\ble boil]74 ,heat until ! milk has rea*$ ! desir$ temp]ature1 hold x at t temp]ature ! necess>y "t1 & !n place ! vessel 9 cold runn+ wat] or 9 ice wat] until ! milk is ?or\ghly *ill$4 ,x is n advisable to place ! hot milk 9 ! ice box z cool+ 9 air is too sl[4 ,n until x is ?or\ghly cool$ 9 wat] is x safe to put x 9 ! ice box to keep x cool4 ,illu/ration3 ,n4 ,j4 ,fjord1 ,dani% inve/igator ,9 ! sev5ties ,pr(4 ,n4 ,j4 ,fjord1 9 ,d5m>k1 appli$ to milk ! process :i* _h be5 develop$ by ,l\is ,pa/eur 9 ,france to give keep+ quality to w9e & be]4 ,a ,dani% dairy exp]t1 ,j4 ,mold5hau]1 n[ connect$ ) ! ,new ,york ,/ate ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture1 fir/ br\ght ! process to ?is c\ntry & us$ pa/eurization 9 a city cream]y 9 ,k5tucky4 ,am]ican exp]im5t /ations e/abli%$ ! temp]atures & ! "t ( exposure necess>y = be/ results1 & no "o has done m = ! introduction ( pa/eurization ?an ! ,new ,york philan?ropi/1 ,na?an ,/raus1 :o has e/abli%$ pa/euriz+ plants & milk di/ribut+ /ations 9 _m localities1 !reby contribut+ s l>gely to ! l[]+ ( ! dea? rate among ! *ildr5 ( ! poor4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,/raus ,pa/euriz] ,illu/ration3 ,a cont9u\s pa/euriz] ,! foll[+ directions are giv5 by ! ,/raus ,pa/euriz$ ,milk ,laboratories ( ,new ,york = ! pa/eurization ( milk = babies3 #a4 ,only use fre%1 filt]$ milk1 :i* has be5 kept cold1 & proce$ z foll[s3 #b4 ,set ! bottles1 aft] !y h be5 ?or\ghly clean$1 into ! tray 7a71 fill !m to ! neck1 & put on ! corks or pat5t /opp]s4 #c4 ,! pot 7b7 is !n plac$ on a wood5 surface 7table or floor7 & fill$ to ! ?ree supports 79 ! pot7 ) boil+ wat]4 #d4 ,place tray 7a71 ) ! fill$ bottles1 into ! pot 7b71 s t ! bottom ( ! tray re/s on ! ?ree supports1 & put cov] 7c7 on quickly4 ,illu/ration3 ,milk cool] #e4 ,aft] ! bottles h be5 w>m$ up by ! /eam = five m9utes1 remove ! cov] quickly1 turn ! tray s t x drops into ! wat]4 ,! cov] is to be put on aga9 imm$iately4 ,?is manipulation is to be made v quickly1 s t z little /eam z possible c escape4 ,?us x rema9s = tw5ty-five m9utes4 #f4 ,n[ take ! tray out ( ! wat] & cool ! bottles ) cold wat] & ice z quickly z possible1 & keep !m at ?is l[ temp]ature till us$4 #g4 ,be=e use1 w>m ! milk--9 ! bottles--to blood heat4 ,nev] p\r x into ano!r vessel4 #h4 ,! milk mu/ n be us$ = *ildr5 lat] ?an tw5ty-f\r h\rs aft] pa/eurization4 ,nev] use remnants4 ,9 a ,cont9u\s ,pa/euriz] a con/ant /ream ( milk is f$ into ! ma*9e1 heat$ by fl[+ ov] a metal surface ) /eam or hot wat] on ! opposite side1 & cool$ by runn+ ov] a cool] furni%$ ) a /ream ( cold wat] or ice wat]4 ,,pure ,,cultures ,illu/ration3 ,pr(essor ,v4 ,/or*1 orig9ator ( pure cultures = rip5+ cream & milk ,be=e #ahij x 0 suppos$ t ! flavor ( f9e butt] dep5d$ ^u c]ta9 volatile oils & acids peculi> to butt]-fat4 ,9 ! e>ly n9eties ,pr(essor ,v4 ,/or* ( ! ,dani% ,exp]im5t ,/ation %[$1 h[ev]1 t x 0 due r to ! products ( bact]ia & he isolat$ ! lactic acid bacilli :i* w\ld produce su* exquisite flavor ev5 :5 p]fectly neutral & ta/eless butt]-fat 0 *urn$ ) milk acidifi$ or rip5$ ) a pure culture ( ^! bacilli4 ,9 ?is c\ntry ,dr4 ,h4 ,w4 ,conn ( ,wesleyan ,univ]sity1 ,/orrs1 ,conn41 did mu* to advance ! !ory & practice ( rip5+ cream ) a pure culture />t]4 8,pure cultures0 are produc$ 9 ! bact]iological laboratory by pick+ out "u ! microscope colonies ( ! desir$ species ( bact]ia1 plant+ !m 9 a /]iliz$ m$ium & all[+ !m to gr[ "u ! mo/ favorable conditions & ) ! exclusion ( all o!r g]ms4 ,illu/ration3 ,/reptococcus lacticus 7,/or*1 ,no4 #ah7 ,illu/ration3 ,bact]ium lactis acidi 7f ,/or*7 ,:5 su* a culture has rea*$ its maximum gr[? x is transplant$ into a l>g] quantity ( a /]iliz$ m$ium conta9+ prop] n\ri%m5t = ! p>ticul> organism4 ,9 ! bact]iological laboratory1 :]e alone absolute /]ility ( ut5sils & m$ium1 & entire exclusion ( =eign infection are possible1 ! culture may rema9 pure :ile ?is inoculation & propagation are repeat$ ov] & ov] aga94 ,b :5 ! propagation is c>ri$ on 9 ! h\se or ! dairy1 = in/ance 9 prep>+ />t]s or butt]milk1 su* absolute cleanl9ess is impossible & 9 ! long run infections w creep 9 f ! air or f ! ut5sils & aft] a :ile x becomes necess>y to />t ) a new 8pure culture40 ,h[ (t5 su* r5ewal mu/ be resort$ to dep5ds l>gely ^u ! surr\nd+s & ! c>e ( ! op]ator4 ,usually x mu/ be done aft] a week's "t1 al?\gh x is surpris+ to f9d milk prep>ations made by ! simple/ processes equal 9 purity to ^? prep>$ ) ! assi/ance ( bact]iological sci5ce & te*nique4 ,?is is1 = in/ance1 ! case 9 ,bulg>ia1 :]e ! fam\s ,yogh\rt s\r milk is prep>$ pure )\t special c>e & 9 ,d5m>k :]e ! c\ntry is fairly p]meat$ ) ! lactic acid bacilli us$ 9 rip5+ ! cream = ! celebrat$ ,dani% butt] & :]e c>eful butt]mak]s (t5 ma9ta9 _! />t]s = mon?s or ev5 = ye>s )\t 8r5ewal40 ,illu/ration3 ,typical lactic acid bact]ia 7,l4 ,a4 ,rog]s7 ,!re are _m diff]5t v>ieties ( bact]ia :i* conv]t sug> ( milk into lactic acid1 at ! same "t develop+ flavors m or less agreeable & *>act]i/ic = ! v>i\s products4 ,9 ! bact]iological laboratory c]ta9 species are select$ :i* w produce ! results desir$ = ! p>ticul> purpose 9 view4 ,/>t]s4--,beg9n+ ) a comm]cial dry culture 9 ! =m ( a p[d] z g5]ally us$ 9 ! cream]y or ! *eese factory z well z = ! prep>ation ( comm]cial butt]milk1 or ) butt]milk tablets z us$ 9 ! ord9>y h\sehold or ! hospital1 su* culture is add$ to a small quantity ( ?or\ghly pa/euriz$ milk4 ,if fre%1 sweet skim milk is available x is pref]able to :ole milk z ! butt]-fat 9 ! latt] only int]f]es ) ! process2 b ei!r c be us$4 ,milk = />t]s %\ld be /rongly pa/euriz$ by be+ kept at a temp]ature ne> ! boil+ po9t--at lea/ #ahj--;= #dj to #fj m9utes1 !n cool$ to ! degree at :i* x is to be set1 usually betwe5 #fe & #ge1 some:at high] = ! fir/ propagation ) ! pure culture ?an = ! subsequ5t transplant+s :5 ! bact]ia1 m or less dormant 9 ! dry p[d] or tablets1 h atta9$ full vitality4 ,"s species ( bact]ia1 z ! ,bacillus ,bulg>icus1 require high] temp]atures--#ij to #ajj or ev5 #aaj--?an o!rs4 ,! culture hav+ be5 ?or\ghly incorporat$ 9 ! milk by vigor\s & repeat$ /irr+ or %ak+1 ! milk is left at re/ 9 an incubator or a wat]ba? or wrapp$ 9 pap] or clo? 9 a w>m room :]e an ev5 temp]ature c be ma9ta9$1 until x is curdl$1 :i* may take #ah to #bd h\rs or ev5 long] = ! fir/ propagation4 ,"o "p ( ?is curdl$ milk is n[ add$ to #e or #aj p>ts ( fre% pa/euriz$ milk & set to rip5 9 ! same way z describ$ above1 possibly at a little l[] temp]ature1 & ?is is repeat$ e day1 ?us ma9ta9+ ! 8,"m ,/>t]40 ,aft] ! second or ?ird propagation ! bulk ( ea* bat* is us$ z a />t] 9 ! l>g] lot ( mat]ial to be rip5$1 be x cream = butt] or milk = *eese or = comm]cial butt]milk1 :ile a little is tak5 = ma9t5ance ( ! "m />t] z describ$ above4 ,! am\nt ( />t] to prep>e e day dep5ds ^u ! am\nt ( milk or cream to be rip5$ & ! p] c5t ( />t] us$ 9 same4 ,= in/ance1 if y h t5 gallons ( cream to rip5 e day 9 :i* y wi% to use ab\t #aj or #ab />t]1 or "o gallon1 take a little less ?an "o p9t ( ! fir/ or second propagation = "o gallon ( milk2 ! next day use "o p9t ( ?is to add to a gallon ( fre% />t] milk1 & ! rema9+ gallon to add to ! t5 gallons ( cream1 & s on e day4 ,if y h #d1jjj lbs4 ( milk 9 ! *eese vat to rip5 ) #b or #hj lbs4 />t]1 prep>e #hh lbs4 ( "m />t]4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 y wi% to make only a qu>t ( butt]milk e day1 take1 say1 two butt]milk tablets1 cru% !m ?or\ghly 9 a spoonful ( pa/euriz$ milk & /ir ?is into a tumbl]ful ( ! same milk2 let /& till x is ?ick5$ ! next day & use a tablespoonful ( ?is ?ick5$ milk 9 a qu>t ( fre% pa/euriz$ milk :i* :5 rip5$ is y\r butt]milk1 f :i* y take out a tablespoonful = />t] 9 ! next bat*1 & s on4 ,9 ?is case !re is no 8"m />t]0 except t p]haps ! fir/ tumbl]ful prep>$ ) ! tablets may be call$ s1 b aft]w>ds ! />t] is tak5 "r out ( ! f9i%$ product e day4 ,! process may be modifi$ to suit special purposes & local conditions1 b ! foll[+ precautions %\ld be /rictly obs]v$3 7#a7 to int]rupt ! rip5+ imm$iately by quick & int5se cool+ z soon z x has rea*$ ! prop] po9t 9 case ! rip5$ product is n us$ at once1 & 7#b7 to keep x ice-cold until x is us$4 ,if ?is is done1 x may be kept = two or ?ree days )\t det]ioration if x is n conv5i5t to make x fre% e day :i*1 h[ev]1 %\ld be ! rule4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,milk ,,supply ,,& ,,cream]y ,,products ,9 ! fir/ *apt] ! composition ( c['s milk & ! nature ( its con/itu5ts h be5 consid]$1 ! mo/ important te/s = its ri*ness & purity h be5 describ$1 & ! f]m5ts h be5 m5tion$ :i* in/igate *anges = good or = bad1 toge!r ) ! means at disposal = regulat+ _! activity4 ,to use ^! means intellig5tly 9 h&l+ milk & its products is ! key to ! dairyman's success4 ,we %all n[ briefly consid] ! v>i\s /eps t are ( importance 9 mod]n dairy indu/ry4 ,,milk ,,supply ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! f>m] mu/ furni% pure1 clean1 unadult]at$ milk1 fre% f ! c[ & cool$ imm$iately aft] milk+4 ,8 c[s mu/ be heal?y4 ,bov9e ,tub]culosis4--,_m milk-c[s1 = ! v reason t !y h be5 br$ ) ! "o purpose 9 view ( turn+ all _! food into milk & wa/+ z little z possible 9 build+ up ! body1 are m or less weak-*e/$ & apt to suff] f tub]culosis4 ,unless ?is disease is s f> advanc$ z to affect ! g5]al heal? ( ! c[1 or x has spread to ! milk organs1 ! udd] & ! teats1 x is n s dang]\s z has h]et(ore be5 suppos$4 ,x is n[ held by ! great majority ( physicians t bov9e tub]culosis is h>dly ev] transmitt$ to gr[n p]sons & seldom to *ildr54 ,nei!r is x h]$it>y4 ,nev]!less1 :]ev] x is possible to h ! h]d te/$ ) tub]cul91 segregat+1 if n kill+1 ! animals :i* %[ by reaction t !y are some:at tub]cul\s1 x %\ld be done4 ,milk f su* c[s %\ld always be pa/euriz$4 ,milk z a ,disease ,c>ri]4--,a great] dang] lies 9 ! fact t1 w>m z x comes f ! c[1 milk is an ideal m$ium = human disease g]ms to gr[ 91 & may ?us become a great conveyor ( su* g]ms4 ,= ?is reason x is ( ! greate/ importance t ! milk]s are heal?y & clean1 t ! udd]s & teats be free f dirt1 & ! milk pail cov]$ z f> z possible2 ! b>n mu/ be clean1 & e s\rce ( infection exclud$4 ,?is fact also po9ts to ! advisability ( pa/eurization4 ,on page #bc a *>t is %[n1 publi%$ by ! ,toronto ,bo>d ( ,heal? & indicat+ ! temp]atures at :i* v>i\s g]ms ( disease are made h>mless4 ,bact]ial ,c\nt4--,! te/ = clean milk n[ mo/ly us$ is ! 8,bact]ial ,c\nt10 ! numb] ( bact]ia--or r colonies ( bact]ia--f\nd 9 a cubic c5timet] ( ! milk4 ,x w\ld be bett] if ! nature or quality ( ! bact]ia c\ld be tak5 into consid]ation z well z ! quantity1 b t be+ z yet impracticable1 ! next be/ ?+ is to dep5d ^u ! numb]4 ,ord9>y good milk (t5 conta9s hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( bact]ia 9 a cubic c5timet]1 b :]e ! greate/ cleanl9ess is obs]v$ ! numb] may be less ?an #a1jjj4 ,c]tifi$ ,milk is n[ sold 9 _m cities :i*1 accord+ to v>y+ city ord9ances1 is gu>ante$ to h less ?an #aj1jjj or #bj1jjj or #cj1jjj bact]ia1 z ! case may be4 ,illu/ration3 ,c\nt+ ! bact]ia 9 a cubic c5timet] ( milk ,! co/ ( produc+ c]tifi$ milk places x beyond ! rea* ( ! great majority ( consum]s4 ,b su* c>e & cleanl9ess z c be obs]v$ by ! f>m] & ! milkman )\t extra exp5se %\ld be insi/$ ^u1 & milk :i* nev]!less conta9s a l>ge numb] ( bact]ia c be made safe by pa/eurization4 ,! ,sanit>y ,code4--,! regulation ( ! production & deliv]y ( milk 9 cities & t[ns z well z at cream]ies & *eese factories1 ! 8,sanit>y ,code0 e/abli%$ by /ate & municipal heal? au?orities1 has be5 v effective 9 improv+ ! quality ( ! supply4 ,s enorm\s h be5 ! improvem5ts 9 c>+ = & h&l+ ! products by ! l>ge e/abli%m5ts engag$ 9 ! deliv]y ( milk z to make ! increase 9 co/ seem trifl+ comp>$ ) ! great b5efit to ! public heal? secur$ by ^! ag5cies4 ,new ,york ,/ate ,milk ,grad+4--,! ,new ,york ,/ate ,bo>d ( ,heal? prescribes a grad+ = milk (f]$ = sale1 ! mo/ important features ( :i* are z foll[s3 ,c]tifi$4--,mu/ be produc$ "u specially sanit>y conditions approv$ by a c\nty m$ical commission4 ,grade ,a ,raw4--,c[s mu/ be tub]cul9 te/$ & milk mu/ n conta9 ov] #fj1jjj bact]ia p] cubic c5timet]4 ,grade ,a ,pa/euriz$4--,c[s mu/ be subject$ to physical exam9ation & milk mu/ n conta9 m ?an #bjj1jjj bact]ia be=e1 nor m ?an #cj1jjj aft] pa/eurization4 ,o!r grades p]mitt$ "u ! rules1 all subject to inspection & approval ( ! au?orities1 are3 ,grade ,b ,raw4 ,grade ,b ,pa/euriz$4 ,grade ,c ,raw4 ,grade ,c ,pa/euriz$4 ,deliv]ies mu/ be made )9 a c]ta9 "t aft] production or pa/eurization1 b>ns & milk /ations are inspect$1 & altoge!r su* safegu>ds are employ$ z to make ! supply exce$+ly safe & reliable4 ,city ,deliv]y4--,9 villages & small cities ! milk supply is /ill to a l>ge ext5t 9 ! h&s ( f>m]s :o come to t[n e>ly 9 ! morn+ p$dl+ _! milk1 (t5 at consid]able wa/e ( "t = horse & man4 ,or a numb] ( p$dl]s g ov] ! same r\te s t x takes a doz5 wagons to cov] a t[n :]e ?ree or f\r c\ld d x4 ,z long z !re 0 no effici5t regulation z to price & quality su* wa/e 0 p]haps unavoidable1 z competition on ! "p ( ! produc]s & di/ributors 0 ! only means ( protection = ! consum]s4 ,b lately /ate & municipal control is be+ ex]cis$ to su* an ext5t z to l>gely elim9ate ! dang] ( poor milk & exorbitant prices4 ,fur!r developm5t ( organiz$ deliv]y sy/ems s mu* to be desir$ = sanit>y z well z = economical reasons1 may be look$ = z soon z normal conditions return aft] ! close ( ! w>4 ,! deliv]y ( milk is "o ( ! ?+s t 9 ! int]e/ ( public heal? mu/ be "u ! /ricte/ (ficial control1 & co-op]ation betwe5 f>m]s & consum]s is ! logical sy/em = elim9ation ( unnecess>y exp5ses ( di/ribution & = prompt & satisfactory s]vice4 ,_! int]e/s are or %\ld be id5tical & bo? classes are hurt by ineffici5t & wa/eful deliv]y4 ,9 ! l>ge cities !re has gr[n up an indu/ry :i* l>gely monopolizes ! milk supply & :i* until lately 0 p[]ful en\gh to dictate prices & conditions bo? = produc]s & consum]s4 ,sev]al attempts h be5 made f "t to "t by f>m]s to comb9e to regulate prices & dictate ! t]ms to ! middlem54 ,su* attempts h1 h[ev]1 inv>iably fail$ z long z !y 7 built on false economic pr9ciples & prompt$ by selfi% int]e/s only4 ,no f>m]s' association c be /rong en\gh to ignore ! law ( supply & dem&1 & x is only q rec5tly t ! ,dairym5's ,league has succe$$ 9 influ5c+ ! m>ket by tak+ into consid]ation ! actual co/ ( production ( milk z work$ out by ! agricultural colleges1 & fix+ ! price on a sci5tific basis4 ,!re is "o o!r elem5t ent]+ into ! causes on :i* ! price to ! consum]s dep5ds1 namely1 ,transportation1 & :ile municipal bo>ds ( heal? are look+ aft] ! sanit>y conditions & prev5tion ( adult]ation1 ,/ate & ,f$]al au?orities are /epp+ 9 z mod]ators or arbitrators to reconcile ! int]e/s ( ! ,produc]s1 ! ,railroad ,companies1 ! ,di/ributors & ! ,consum]s4 ,! next /ep 9 ! developm5t w no d\bt be t[>ds full co-op]ation betwe5 produc]s & consum]s &1 to a l>ge ext5t1 elim9ation ( ! 8middlem540 ,x %\ld n be =gott51 h[ev]1 t :ile ! mu* abus$ middlem5 9 "t pa/ h be5 able to dictate t]ms & prices & h (t5 abus$ ! privilege2 !y h at ! same "t us$ _! influ5ce & p[] to improve ! milk supply4 ,z ! supply ( oil & gasol9e has be5 p]fect$ & *eap5$ by ! all-p[]ful ,/&>d ,oil ,co4 z a monopoly cru%+ all competition1 s ! 8,milk ,tru/0 has improv$ ! di/ribution ( milk & has built up ! magnific5t sanit>y plants 9 :i* milk is h&l$1 pa/euriz$1 bottl$ & di/ribut$ 9 a way t might n h be5 possible )\t ! monopoly4 ,x has s]v$ a good purpose1 b has at ! same "t acquir$ su* p[] t (ficial control has become necess>y = ! protection ( produc]s & consum]s alike1 & ! "t may be ne> :5 ^! two classes w comb9e & take ! matt] into _! own h&s s t ! di/ribution may be done at actual co/4 ,illu/ration3 ,milk /ation 9 ! c\ntry :]e milk is receiv$ f ! f>m]s to be %ipp$ to ! city ,milk ,/ations are plants erect$ 9 dairy sections 9 ! c\ntry ei!r by ! city milk supply h\ses or by co-op]at+ f>m]s1 :]e ! milk is deliv]$ & h&l$ s z to make x ready = %ipm5t to ! city4 ,z 9 ! cream]y & ! *eese factory1 ! milk is c>efully exam9$ &1 if x is n sweet & pure1 x is reject$ & s5t back to ! f>m4 ,any impure flavor rema9s 9 ! cov] = "s "t & is easily detect$ by smell+ ( ! cov] z soon z x is remov$ f ! c4 ,a sample is tak5 & put aside = ! ,babcock te/ & p]haps ano!r = ! ,f]m5tation te/4 ,ea* f>m]'s milk is weigh$ 9 ! ,weigh ,c & run ?r\gh a *eese-clo? /ra9]4 ,! fur!r treatm5t v>ies 9 diff]5t plants4 ,! milk may simply be cool$ by runn+ x ov] a cold wat] or br9e cool] & plac+ x 9 %ipp+ cans 9 ! refrig]ator or 9 ice wat] until ! milk-tra9 comes along to pick up ! cans4 ,or x may be cl>ifi$ by runn+ x ?r\gh a c5trifugal ma*9e1 ! same z a sep>ator1 9 :i*1 h[ev]1 cream & milk are n sep>at$1 b impurities are ?r[n out by ! c5trifugal =ce & deposit$ on ! wall ( ! b[l1 & ! purifi$ milk may !n be pa/euriz$ & bottl$ be=e be+ %ipp$ to ! city4 ,illu/ration3 ,receiv+ milk at ! milk /ation ,arriv+ 9 ! city 9 ic$ c>s ! milk is tak5 to "o ( ! elaborate plants 9 :i* x is pa/euriz$ & bottl$1 if t has n be5 done at ! c\ntry /ation4 ,! ma*9]y us$ 9 ^! plants is gett+ m & m p]fect & exp5sive & leaves little to be desir$ z to sanit>y requirem5ts & economy 9 h&l+4 ,pa/euriz]s1 bottl+ ma*9es1 bottle-wa%+ ma*9es1 conveyors1 etc41 are wond]s ( +5uity1 & "o ne$s only to see "o ( ^! mod]n plants to und]/& t 9 a l>ge city milk c only be h&l$ to advantage 9 exp5sive e/abli%m5ts4 ,skim ,milk is "o ( ! *eape/ ( foods & "u prop] regulations its sale %\ld n be prohibit$4 ,! reason :y 9 times pa/ skim milk has be5 discr$it$ & exclud$ f sale 0 t1 z produc$ by ! old me?ods ( rais+ ! cream1 be=e ! adv5t ( ! sep>ator1 x 0 always m or less old & s\r be=e x 0 available & c]ta9ly be=e x c\ld be di/ribut$ to consum]s4 ,"u su* conditions x 0 h>dly ev] fit = human food4 ,b :5 produc$ by ! sep>ator & pa/euriz$ & cool$ imm$iately aft]--)9 a few h\rs aft] milk+1 :i* is entirely feasible--x is an excell5t & nutriti\s food = adults & ev5 = *ildr5 ov] two ye>s ( age4 ,rip5$ ) a pure culture ( lactic acid bact]ia1 x makes a heal?ful1 refre%+ dr9k1 l butt]milk4 ,only :5 x is all[$ to s\r )\t prop] c>e or control does skim milk1 z :ole milk does1 become unfit = food or dr9k4 ,on a cold w9t] morn+ :5 m5 are go+ to "w 7or p]haps are look+ = "w :i* !y _c f9d71 & *ildr5 are on _! way to s*ool1 (t5 und]f$1 a /reet-corn] wagon or /& :]e boil+ hot1 fre%1 sweet skim milk might be di/ribut$ at a c5t or two a glass w\ld be a bless+ 9 any city4 ,illu/ration3 ,pa/euriz+ & bottl+ milk 9 a ,bord5 plant ,,cream ,:5 new milk is left at re/ ! cream w rise to ! top & aft] #ab to #bd h\rs a cream-l9e c be se5 9 ! bottle4 ,?is cream-l9e is %>p] & m easily se5 9 raw milk ?an 9 pa/euriz$ milk & its abs5ce is n always a sure sign ( lack ( ri*ness or purity ( ! milk4 ,by cool+ ! milk ?or\ghly s t x w keep1 almo/ all ! cream w be at ! top 9 =ty-eight h\rs & c be skimm$ (f4 ,! cream c be us$ = c(fee or on c]eals or fruits or pudd+s2 ! skim milk left w /ill hold or m ( butt]-fat & c be us$ to dr9k or = cook+4 ,! ,sep>ator4--,on ! f>m or 9 ! cream]y ! cream is no long] rais$ by gravity1 t is1 by lett+ ! milk 8set0 ei!r 9 %all[ pans on ! kit*5 %elf or 9 deep cans 9 ice wat]1 b ! fre%1 w>m milk is run ?r\gh ! sep>ator 9 a cont9u\s /ream4 ,illu/ration3 ,e>ly conception ( ! sep>ator ,x 0 notic$ t ! ris+ ( ! cream due to ! diff]5ce 9 specific gravity betwe5 ! butt]-fat & ! milk-8s]um0 7! wat]y solution ( ! o!r con/itu5ts7 might be greatly ha/5$ by subject+ ! milk to c5trifugal =ce4 ,?is physical ph5om5on 0 tak5 advantage ( 9 ! fir/ conception ( ! sep>ator :]e x 0 %[n t if a pail ( milk 0 :irl$ ar\nd l a /one 9 a sl+ ! heavi] milk-s]um w\ld be ?r[n t[>ds ! bottom ( ! sep>ator pail ) s mu* great] =ce ?an ! light] cream 7butt]-fat mix$ ) a small "p ( ! s]um7 t ! sep>ation :i* w\ld take #dh h\rs 9 ! milk at re/1 c\ld be accompli%$ 9 a few m9utes :5 expos$ to c5trifugal =ce4 ,f ?is e>ly crude attempt ! cont9u\s b[l-sep>ator 0 develop$ & /ill lat] a numb] ( divisions 9 ! b[l 7 design$ :i* increas$ ! capacity & effici5cy ( ! ma*9e wond]fully4 ,! mo/ successful sep>ator 0 design$ by ,dr4 ,gu/af ,de ,laval ( ,sw$5 & ! ma*9es be>+ 8 "n are us$ all ov] ! _w :]e butt] is made4 ,b !re are _m o!r excell5t sep>ators on ! m>ket4 ,illu/ration3 ,dr4 ,gu/af ,de ,laval ( ,sw$51 inv5tor ( ! sep>ator be>+ 8 "n ,9 ! ma*9e ! milk is sep>at$ in/antane\sly by c5trifugal =ce & runs out ?r\gh two tubes1 "o = cream & ! o!r = skim milk4 ,a small mod]n h& ma*9e w take c>e ( f #bjj to #a1jjj lbs4 ( milk an h\r1 & p[] ma*9es are built to sep>ate #f1jjj lbs4 or m4 ,by regulat+ ! cream-outlet a heavi] or light] cream c be produc$4 ,illu/ration3 ,h& sep>ator ,suppose we are sep>at+ "s milk conta9+ #d butt]-fat4 ,if ( ?is milk is sep>at$ out z cream & conta9s all ! butt]-fat1 ! cream w be eight times z ri* 9 butt]-fat z ! orig9al milk2 #cb ( ! cream w be butt]-fat4 ,su* cream is call$ 8#cb cream40 ,if we take z cream1 we get a cream f\r times z ri* z ! milk1 a 8#af cream40 ,s out ( #ajj lbs4 ( milk we c take #ab lbs4 77 ( #cb cream1 #be lbs4 77 ( #af cream1 etc4 ,al?\gh ! skim milk is really valuable z a food1 x is wor? b little comm]cially2 ! cream conta9+ ! butt]-fat is ! exp5sive "p ( ! milk1 & we mu/ be prep>$ to pay = ! cream all t ! milk w\ld h co/4 ,p]c5tage ( ,butt]-,fat4--,! 8ri*ness0 ( cream or milk & _! value dep5d ^u ! am\nt ( butt]-fat 9 !m4 ,s cream or milk is (t5 call$ 8#cj cream0 or 8#bj cream0 or 8#d milk0 accord+ z #cj or #bj or #d ( ! fluid is butt]-fat2 #cj cream is q ri*2 ord9>y m>ket cream v>ies betwe5 #ah & #dj1 ?\gh x may fall bel[ #ah1 or x may be sold z a v exp5sive article z high z #fj4 ,ri* milk may conta9 m ?an #f ( butt]-fat & skim milk less ?an #j4a ( "o p] c5t4 ,! av]age = good :ole milk is betwe5 #c & #d4 ,= a long "t sci5ti/s & sci5tific dairym5 7 ! only ones to speak ( milk & cream 9 t]ms ( p]c5tage ( butt]-fat4 ,n[1 h[ev]1 p are beg9n+ to realize h[ valuable a "p ( ! milk ! butt]-fat is & are pay+ m att5tion to ! actual p]c5tage ( butt]-fat 9 ! cream or milk !y use4 ,s x is no long] unusual to see a dairyman adv]tise cream ( a c]ta9 p]c5tage or to he> a h\sewife ask = x specifically4 ,/&>diz+ ,cream4--,= ice cream or = prep>+ modifi$ milk = babies1 x is (t5 desirable to dilute ri* cream to a c]ta9 l[] /&>d4 ,! foll[+ simple /eps c be tak5 to f9d out h[ mu* milk to add = dilut+3 #a4 ,f ! te/--fat-p]c5tage--( ! ri* cream subtract ! te/ desir$4 #b4 ,f ! te/ desir$ subtract ! te/ ( ! milk us$ = dilut+4 #c4 ,divide ! fir/ diff]5ce by ! second1 & ! result w be ! numb] ( p9ts 7or p\nds7 ( milk to be add$ = ea* p9t 7or p\nd7 ( ! ri* cream4 ,= in/ance1 y may want to ?9 "s #cj cream to #aj = mak+ ice cream4 ,! milk to be add$ is skim milk4 ,!n3 #a4 #cj - #aj #bj4 #b4 #aj - #j #aj4 #c4 #bj divid$ by #aj #b4 ,s = ea* p9t ( ri* cream y may add #b p9ts ( skim milk4 ,or y may wi% to ?9 ! #cj cream ) :ole milk1 :i* has #d butt]-fat4 ,aga93 #a4 #cj - #aj #bj4 #b4 #aj - #d #f4 #c4 #bj divid$ by #f #c4 ,s y may add #c p9ts ( ! :ole milk to ea* p9t ( ! #cj cream & /ill h a #aj cream4 ,pa/euriz$ ,cream does n look z ri* z raw cream1 & fre%1 sweet cream appe>s to be ?9n] ?an :5 x is #bd h\rs old & slightly rip5$4 ,s x is well1 :5 buy+ cream1 n to judge by appe>ances4 ,dem& ( ! milkman t he furni% y cream ( a c]ta9 p]c5tage ( butt]-fat & see to x t y get :at y pay =4 ,if y h no ,babcock te/] ! milk inspector w te/ ! cream = y4 ,:ipp$ ,cream4--,= :ipp+1 cream mu/ be fairly ri*1 f #bd to #cb1 & x mu/ be cold4 ,fre%1 sweet cream does n :ip z readily z t :i* has be5 kept = #ab or #bd h\rs 9 ice wat]4 ,!re is no o!r secret connect$ ) ! process4 ,use a ri* cream1 suitably cool$ & ag$1 & ) a good beat] !re c be no tr\ble 9 gett+ a f9e1 /iff :ipp$ cream4 ,if ! cream is too ?9 or too w>m x may n become /iff4 ,sometimes1 :5 x is beat5 too long1 x turns into butt] & butt]milk4 ,illu/ration3 ,in/allation 9 a ,dani% cream]y4 ,f ! sep>ator at ! "r ! cream runs ?r\gh ! cont9u\s pa/euriz] :i* =ces x up ov] ! cool] :5ce x runs into ! cream-vat at ! left4 7,f ,boggild--,maelk]ibruget i ,danm>k7 ,emulsifi$ ,cream4--,"o ( ! rec5t additions to ! already elaborate ma*9]y us$ 9 ! cream]y1 ! milk supply or ! ice cream bus9ess1 is ! ,emulsifi]4 ,to be sure1 emulsifi]s 7 us$ ?irty to =ty ye>s ago to mix animal & vegetable fats--oleom>g>9e oil1 l>d & cottonse$ oil--into skim milk = 8,fill$ ,*eese0 or = ,butt]9e1 b lately !y are s]v+ new purposes 9 ! milk indu/ry4 ,by =c+ melt$ butt]-fat or oil mix$ ) wat] or skim milk ?r\gh exce$+ly small ap]tures "u high pressure1 or o!rwise break+ up ! mixture1 an emulsion c be =m$ 9 :i* ! fat globules are mu* f9] ev5 ?an ^? 9 natural milk or cream1 & sep>ation c be prev5t$4 ,! =ce us$ 9 ^! emulsifi]s may be produc$ by p[]ful pumps1 or a /eam jet1 or c5trifugal =ce "u high spe$2 :i*ev] sy/em is us$ ! ma*9es answ] ! same purpose1 to produce a p]man5t emulsion 9 :i* ! oil or fat w /ay 9 susp5sion ev5 aft] cool+4 ,9 "s milk supply plants & ice cream factories all ! cream is emulsifi$ & ! sy/em has especially be5 appli$ s9ce ! adv5t ( ! milk p[d]4 ,x is n[ a n infrequ5t practice to run ! new milk ?r\gh ! sep>ator1 make sweet1 unsalt$ butt] f ! cream1 & milk p[d] f ! skim milk1 & to %ip or /ore ^! products sep>ately :]e or until cream is want$ & !n br+ !m toge!r aga9 by runn+ !m ?r\gh ! emulsifi] ) a suitable am\nt ( wat]4 ,at fir/ ?\ght ?is process w\ld seem impractical & uneconomical4 ,b x has prov5 good bus9ess because 9 _m cases & places skim milk p[d] & butt] keep bett] sep>ately or c be %ipp$ at long di/ance to bett] advantage ?an new milk or cream or cond5s$ milk4 ,9 ice cream factories bus9ess may be dull 9 cold wea!r & cream is p]haps n provid$ & n available1 :5 sudd5ly a hot spell br+s ord]s = l>ge quantities4 ,) a /ock ( skim milk p[d] & butt] on h& 9 ! refrig]ator1 & an emulsifi] to mix ^! products1 cream c be produc$ on %ort notice & !re w be no dang] ( %ortage4 ,,ice ,,cream ,ice cream has fa/ become ! national dess]t s]v$ on all fe/ive occasions1 w9t] & summ]4 ,orig9ally x meant a froz5 mixture ( sweet5$ & flavor$ milk & cream1 b ! "n has long be5 appli$ to all k9ds ( froz5 delicacies 9 :i* cream ent]s z a con/itu5t4 ,n ev5 !re has ! l9e be5 drawn1 b gums1 gelat9e1 corn/>*1 eggs & o!r 8fill]s0 h be5 sub/itut$ or add$ to ?ick5 ! mixtures & give 8body0 to 8creams10 :i* h b little relation to ! g5u9e emulsion ( butt]-fat f c['s milk4 ,/&>dization has be5 attempt$ by ,national & ,/ate food au?orities ) v>y+ success ( en=cem5t4 ,:ile ! application ( ! "n to a great v>iety ( froz5 dess]ts has no d\bt become legitimate by long usage x may prop]ly be dem&$ t z an article ( m]*&ise 8ice cream0 %all conta9 at lea/ #h to #ab butt]-fat & t no +r$i5ts dang]\s to heal? ent] into its manufacture4 ,illu/ration3 ,h& freez] ,freez]s4--,! freez+ is usually done by contact ( ! mat]ial ) metal cool$ on ! o!r side by a 8freez+ mixture0 ( salt & ice :i* produces temp]atures f> bel[ ! freez+ po9t ( wat] :ile air is :ipp$ into ! cream by ! rapid motion ( ! beat]4 ,a great v>iety ( excell5t freez]s ( ?is k9d = h& or = p[] are on ! m>ket :i* answ] ! purpose = mak+ ice cream at home or at ! ice cream p>lor4 ,co>se-gra9$ salt & cru%$ ice1 mix$ 9 ! proportion ( #a "p salt to #d p>ts ( ice1 are con/antly fill$ into ! space surr\nd+ ! ice cream c1 & ! br9e produc$ by ! melt+ ( ! mixture is gradually drawn (f f ! tub4 ,9 a good freez] ! op]ation %\ld n take ov] fifte5 m9utes4 ,:5 ! cream is froz5 to a s(t mu%1 /op ! beat] & scrape d[n ! h>d p>ticles :i* may h accumulat$ on ! sides ( ! c1 add any +r$i5ts :i* may be bett] incorporat$ at ?is /age ?an mix$ into ! orig9al mat]ial1 su* z cru%$ fruit or pres]ves1 & f9i% ! freez+ )\t c>ry+ x too f>4 ,remove ! beat]1 /ir ! cream :i* %\ld /ill be s(t en\gh to h&le1 & pack 9 ice ) only a little salt4 ,or ! cream may be transf]r$ f ! freez] c to ! %ipp+ c & pack$ 9 x4 ,if bricks are want$ ! s(t cream is pack$ 9 molds ( ! desir$ %ape & size & buri$ 9 ! freez+ mixture to h>d54 ,9 mod]n ice cream factories ,br9e ,freez]s are g5]ally us$4 ,9 a ,refrig]ator ,plant int5sely l[ temp]atures are produc$ by ! vaporiz+ ( compress$ ammonia or c>bonic acid 9 an ice ma*9e1 & br9e circulat+ 9 iron pipes is cool$ by su* m$ium & may1 9 turn1 cool ! air 9 ! ,cold ,/orage room1 or ! cream 9 ! freez]1 or pure wat] 9 metal boxes = ! manufacture ( ,artificial ,ice4 ,x has be5 attempt$ to make ! br9e freez]s cont9u\s1 ! cream mixture be+ f$ into ! ma*9e at "o end & dis*>g$ froz5 at ! o!r4 ,b ?is sy/em has n s f> be5 successful1 & int]mitt5t or bat* freez]s are mo/ practical yet bo? = h& & = p[]4 ,illu/ration3 ,p[] br9e freez] ,ri* mat]ial1 froz5 9 a good ma*9e1 :e!r int]mitt5t or cont9u\s1 w exp& f #ej to #ajj1 & ! orig9al mat]ial %\ld n fill ! freez] c m ?an half full4 ,! manufacture ( ice cream has be5 ! subject ( /udy & exp]im5ts = ye>s 9 ! ,dairy ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,agricultural ,college at ,ames1 ,i[a1 :]e ,pr(essor ,m4 ,mort5s5 has work$ out a compreh5sive classification f :i* any manufactur] may readily *oose 8 =mulas1 modify+ !m to suit 8 local conditions & special problems4 ,! outl9e k9dly furni%$ ! au?or by ,pr(essor ,mort5s5 is s int]e/+ & in/ructive z to be well wor? copy+ sub/antially 9 full1 leav+ out ! 8,ices0 9 :i* no milk or cream is us$ & :i* are !re=e n ( special int]e/ 9 connection ) ! purpose ( ?is book--! use ( m & bett] milk4 ,illu/ration3 ,ice cream factory ,,classification ,,adopt$ ,,at ,,i[a ,,exp]im5t ,,/ation ,consid]+ ! "w ( =m] writ]s z well z names us$ by bus9ess m51 ! foll[+ classification 0 work$ out by ! /ation3 ,i4 ,pla9 ,ice ,creams4 ,,ii4 ,nut ,ice ,creams4 ,,iii4 ,fruit ,ice ,creams4 ,,iv4 ,bisque ,ice ,creams4 ,v4 ,p>faits4 ,,vi4 ,m\sses4 ,,vii4 ,pudd+s4 ,,viii4 ,aufaits4 ,,ix4 ,lactos4 ,explanation & ,=mulas ,i4 ,pla9 ,ice ,cream is a froz5 product made f cream & sug> ) or )\t a natural flavor+4 ,=mulas are giv5 = mak+ t5 gallons ( f9i%$ ice cream4 ,vanilla ,ice ,cream3 #e gallons #be cream #h lbs4 sug> #d oz4 vanilla extract ,*ocolate ,ice ,cream3 #e gallons cream #aj lbs4 sug> #a lbs4 bitt] *ocolate #d oz4 vanilla extract ,maple ,ice ,cream3 #e gallons #be cream #f lbs4 cane sug> #b lbs4 maple sug> #b oz4 c>amel #d oz4 vanilla extract ,c>amel ,ice ,cream3 #e gallons #be cream #h lbs4 sug> #ab oz4 c>amel #d oz4 vanilla extract ,c(fee ,ice ,cream3 #e gallons #be cream #h lbs4 cane sug> ,extract f #a lb4 c(fee ,m9t ,ice ,cream3 #e gallons #be cream #h lbs4 cane sug> #a pt4 conc5trat$ ,creme de ,m5! syrup ,few drops gre5 color+4 ,,ii4 ,nut ,ice ,cream is a froz5 product made f cream & sug> & s\nd non-rancid nuts4 ,walnut ,ice ,cream3 #e gallons #be cream #h lbs4 cane sug> #d oz4 vanilla extract #d lbs4 ( walnut meats4 ,accord+ to ?is g5]al =mula ! foll[+ nut ice creams may be prep>$ by sub/itut+ diff]5t k9ds ( nut meats3 ,*e/nut ,ice ,cream ,filb]t ,ice ,cream ,hazelnut ,ice ,cream ,pecan ,ice ,cream ,peanut ,ice ,cream ,almond ,ice ,cream ,pi/a*io ,ice ,cream4 ,at times pi/a*io ice cream is made f oil ( pi/a*io in/ead ( f ! nuts4 ,if ?us prep>$1 x w come "u ! head ( pla9 ice cream4 ,,iii4 ,fruit ,ice ,cream is a froz5 product made f cream1 sug> & s\nd1 clean1 mature fruits4 ,/rawb]ry ,ice ,cream3 #e gallons #be cream #h lbs4 sug> gallon cru%$ /rawb]ries4 ,employ+ ! same =mula ! foll[+ creams may be made by m]ely sub/itut+ o!r fruits & b]ries = ! /rawb]ries4 ,! am\nt ( sug> may be v>i$ accord+ to ! acidity ( ! fruit4 ,p9eapple ,ice ,cream ,raspb]ry ,ice ,cream ,*]ry ,ice ,cream ,pea* ,ice ,cream ,apricot ,ice ,cream ,currant ,ice ,cream ,grape ,ice ,cream ,cranb]ry ,ice ,cream4 ,prep>ation ( lemon & orange ice creams _c be includ$ "u ?is g5]al rule4 ,^! creams may be prep>$ z foll[s3 ,lemon ,ice ,cream3 #e gallons #be cream #aj lbs4 sug> #b pts4 lemon juice #a pt4 orange juice ,orange ,ice ,cream3 #e gallons #be cream #aj lbs4 sug> #b qts4 orange juice pt4 lemon juice4 ,,iv4 ,bisque ,ice ,cream is a froz5 product made f cream1 sug> & bread products1 m>%mall[s or o!r confections1 ) or )\t o!r natural flavor+4 ,mac>oon ,ice ,cream3 #e gallons #be cream #h lbs4 sug> #d oz4 vanilla extract #e lbs4 gr\nd mac>oons4 ,f ?is =mula we c make3 ,grape ,nut ,ice ,cream ,nabisco ,ice ,cream ,sponge ,cake ,ice ,cream ,m>%mall[ ,ice ,cream4 ,v4 ,p>fait is a froz5 product made f cream1 sug> & egg yolks ) or )\t nuts or fruits & o!r natural flavor+4 ,walnut ,p>fait3 #d gallons #cj cream ,yolks ( #aj doz5 eggs #ad lbs4 sug> #d oz4 vanilla extract #d lbs4 walnut meats4 ,f ?is =mula by sub/itut+ ! nut meats we c make3 ,filb]t ,p>fait ,almond ,p>fait ,peanut ,p>fait ,hazelnut ,p>fait1 etc4 ,by sub/itut+ ! same proportion ( fruits z are us$ = fruit ice cream1 = ! vanilla extract & nut meats1 fruit p>faits su* z /rawb]ry1 raspb]ry & *]ry p>faits & o!rs may be prep>$4 ,c(fee ,p>fait3 #d gallons #cj cream ,yolks ( #aj doz5 eggs #ad lbs4 sug> ,extract f #a lb4 c(fee ,maple ,p>fait3 #d gallons #cj cream ,yolks ( #aj doz5 eggs #d lbs4 maple sug> #aj lbs4 cane sug> #b oz4 c>amel pa/e ,tutti-,frutti3 #d gallons #cj cream ,yolks ( #aj doz5 eggs #ad lbs4 cane sug> #d oz4 vanilla extract #c lbs4 c&i$ *]ries #c lbs4 c&i$ assort$ fruit #c lbs4 p9eapple4 ,,vi4 ,m\sse is a froz5 :ipp$ cream to :i* sug> & natural flavor+ h be5 add$4 ,cranb]ry ,m\sse3 #b gallons #cj cream #d lbs4 cane sug> #a qt4 cranb]ry juice pt4 lemon juice4 ,f ! same =mula comb9ations may be made ) v>i\s o!r fruit juices & natural flavors1 su* z c(fee1 vanilla1 maple1 c>amel1 pi/a*io1 etc4 ,sultana roll1 z indicat$ by ! "n1 is made 9 a r\nd mold4 ,! c5t] ( ! mold is fill$ ) tutti-frutti1 & ! outside ) pi/a*io m\sse4 ,,vii4 ,pudd+ is a product made f cream or milk1 ) sug>1 eggs1 nuts & fruits1 highly flavor$4 ,nesselrode ,pudd+3 #c gallons #cj cream #aj doz5 eggs #aj lbs4 cane sug> #d oz4 vanilla extract #f lbs4 c&i$ *]ries & assort$ fruits #d lbs4 rais9s #d lbs4 mac>oons ,manhattan ,pudd+3 #c gallons #cj cream #aj doz5 eggs #ab lbs4 sug> #b qts4 orange juice #a pt4 lemon juice #d lbs4 walnut meats #d lbs4 pecan meats #d lbs4 *]ries & assort$ fruits ,plum ,pudd+3 #c gallons #cj cream #aj doz5 eggs #aj lbs4 sug> #b lbs4 *ocolate #d lbs4 *]ries & assort$ fruits #b lbs4 rais9s #b lbs4 figs #a lb4 walnut meats #c teaspoonfuls gr\nd c9namon teaspoonful gr\nd cloves4 ,,viii4 ,aufait is a brick cream consi/+ ( lay]s ( "o or m k9ds ( cream ) solid lay]s ( froz5 fruits4 ,fig aufait may be made f ?ree lay]s ( cream ( v>i\s flavors ) two lay]s ( :ole or slic$ figs4 ,x is mo/ satisfactory to slice ! figs l5g?wise 9 halves4 ,o!r aufaits may be made f a v>iety ( pres]v$ fruits & b]ries & comb9$ ) diff]5t creams4 ,,ix4 ,lacto is a product manufactur$ f skimm$ or :ole s\r milk1 eggs & sug>1 ) or )\t natural flavor+4 ,=mulas = lactos may be f\nd 9 ,bullet9 ,no4 #adj publi%$ by ! ,ames ,/ation4 ,z an example1 ! foll[+ mixture w make #e gallons ( ,*]ry ,lacto3 #c gallons lacto milk #i p\nds sug> #ab eggs #a qu>t ( *]ry juice or conc5trat$ *]ry syrup #a p9ts lemon juice 8,lacto ,milk0 is ! same z describ$ "u 8,comm]cial ,butt]milk0 & 8,?ick ,milk10 pages #ha & #hb4 ,! sug> is fir/ dissolv$ 9 ! lacto milk4 ,! eggs are !n prep>$4 ,! :ites & yolks are kept 9 sep>ate conta9]s & ea* lot is beat5 ) an egg beat]4 ,bo? ! yolks & :ites are !n add$ to ! milk4 ,! mixture is ?or\ghly /irr$ & /ra9$ ?r\gh a f9e wire gauze4 ,! fruit juices are add$ la/4 ,! freez] is n[ run until x turns ) difficulty :5 ! paddle is remov$4 ,! br9e is remov$ & ! freez] repack$ ) ice & salt & left = an h\r be=e ! cont5ts are s]v$4 ,orange1 ,m9t1 ,p9eapple1 ,m>as*9o1 ,raspb]ry or ,grape ,lacto may be prep>$ by sub/itut+ any ( ^! flavors = ! ,*]ry4 ,x4 ,ices are froz5 products made f wat] or sweet skimm$ or :ole milk1 & sug>1 ) or )\t eggs1 fruit juices or o!r natural flavor+4 ,ices may be = conv5i5ce divid$ into %]bets1 milk %]bets1 frappes1 pun*es & s\ffles4 ,milk ,%]bet is an ice made f sweet skimm$ or :ole milk ) egg album51 sug> & natural flavor+1 froz5 to ! consi/5cy ( ice cream4 ,p9eapple ,milk ,%]bet3 #f gallons milk #bj lbs4 sug> ,:ites ( #b doz5 eggs #a gallon p9eapple pulp #a qt4 lemon juice4 ,milk %]bets ( v>i\s flavors may be prep>$ accord+ to above =mula by sub/itut+ o!r flavor+s4 ,! =mulas pres5t$ above h be5 giv5 ma9ly = ! purpose ( mak+ cle> ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! v>i\s gr\ps4 ,num]\s o!r =mulas may be prep>$ on ! same g5]al outl9e4 99 99 99 99 99 ,pr(4 ,mort5s5's =mulas are mo/ly made out = t5 gallons ( ice cream4 ,x is h>dly necess>y to call att5tion to ! fact t !y c easily be adapt$ to any small] quantities by r$uc+ ea* ( ! +r$i5ts alike4 ,= in/ance1 to make3 #a gallon ( ,pla9 ,vanilla ,ice ,cream1 divide ! figures giv5 above by #aj & use3 #b qu>ts #be cream lbs4 sug> oz4 vanilla extract4 ,to make3 #a qu>t ( ,/rawb]ry ,ice ,cream1 divide by #dj & use3 #a p9t #be cream #c oz4 sug> ,cru%$ /rawb]ries to ta/e4 ,illu/ration3 ,pr(essor ,mort5s51 beh9d ! vat at ! left1 giv+ a lesson 9 ! mak+ ( ice cream at ,ames ,x w be notic$ t 9 ! =mulas work$ out at ,ames z above1 v ri* cream is us$1--) a fat cont5ts ( #be or #cj1--:i* makes exce$+ly ri* ice creams & great expansion 9 freez+4 ,! ord9>y ice cream mak] w usually employ *eap] mat]ial1 mix+ "s milk 9 ! cream & /&>diz+ ! mat]ial to suit 8 local trade4 ,also mo/ h\sekeep]s mak+ ice cream at home w f9d x conv5i5t & economical to use a mixture ( milk & cream & 9 do+ s "o mu/ n expect s mu* expansion4 ,9 _m places outside ( dairy sections cream is sc>ce & cond5s$ milk is sub/itut$ to a l>ge ext5t4 ,lately milk p[d] has come into use & ,emulsifi$ ,cream has become popul>4 ,skim-milk p[d] & unsalt$ butt] may be kept 9 /ock & be available at any "t1 & by means ( an ,emulsifi] !y are unit$ aga9 into a product id5tical ) ! milk or cream f :i* !y 7 orig9ally sep>at$4 ,junket ,ice ,cream4--,by sett+ a mixture ( milk & cream ) a solution ( ,junket ,tablets & all[+ x to jelly be=e freez+1 ! body ( ! cream may be improv$ s t a mat]ial ( comp>atively l[ fat-p]c5tage w make a v good ice cream1 ri* en\gh = mo/ p & especially well suit$ = invalids & *ildr54 ,ice-cold milk or cream is r h>d to dige/ = a weak or delicate /oma* because ! action ( ! r5net 9 ! dige/ive juice is imp]fect & sl[ except at blood-temp]ature4 ,9 ,junket ,ice ,cream1 h[ev]1 su* action takes place be=e x is eat5 & ! dige/ive f]m5t ( ! /oma* is reliev$ ( t function4 ,= t reason ,junket ,ice ,cream is consid]$ heal?i] ?an ! ord9>y froz5 products & may be indulg$ 9 freely by *ildr5 & invalids4 ,! foll[+ are examples ( te/$ ,junket ,ice ,creams3 ,vanilla ,ice ,cream ,dissolve two ,junket ,tablets 9 a tablespoonful ( cold wat]1 heat two qu>ts ( milk & "o p9t ( cream lukew>m 9 :i* has be5 dissolv$ "o cup ( sug> & two teaspoonfuls ( vanilla flavor1 !n add ! dissolv$ ,junket ,tablet1 /ir quickly = "o-half m9ute & p\r into ice cream c1 let /& undi/urb$ t5 or fifte5 m9utes or until set4 ,pack ) ice & salt & freeze4 ,pi/a*io ,ice ,cream ,exc]pt f an article by ,alice ,bradley 9 8,woman's ,home ,companion0 ,?is is ! be/ ice cream = ! money t we "k4 ,x may be made ready = ! freez] e>ly 9 ! morn+1 & kept 9 ! ice box until x is conv5i5t to freeze x4 ,x is q possible to utilize cream t is n p]fectly fre%4 ,put 9 ! c ( ! freez] "o p9t ( milk1 "o-half cup ( heavy cream1 "o-?ird cup sug>1 "o teaspoonful vanilla1 "o-half teaspoon ( almond extract1 a few gra9s ( salt1 & vegetable color pa/e to make a delicate gre5 color4 ,set ! freez] 9 a pan ( hot wat]4 ,z soon z ! mixture is lukew>m1 add "o ,junket ,tablet dissolv$ 9 "o tablespoon cold wat]4 ,mix ?or\ghly & let /& until firm4 ,put 9 ! ice box until ready to freeze1 !n put c 9 ! freez] tub1 adju/ ! crank1 put 9 ?ree small measures ( ice t has be5 cru%$ 9 a heavy bag or %av$ f9e ) an ice %av]1 cov] ?is ev5ly ) "o measure ( rock salt1 add ?ree measures m ( ice & "o ( salt1 let /& five m9utes & !n turn ! crank ( ! freez] = ab\t t5 m9utes1 :5 x may be turn$ a little m rapidly4 ,cont9ue ! turn+ until ! mixture is firm4 ,remove ! da%]1 pack ice cream solidly into ! c1 surr\nd ) f\r measures ( ice to "o ( salt1 cov] ) heavy burlap bag or newspap] & keep 9 a cold place until ne$$4 ,be sure ! op5+ 9 ! side ( ! freez] tub is n plugg$ up1 s t any surplus ( salt wat] w dra9 (f in/ead ( gett+ into ! freez]4 ,x may be necess>y to repack ! freez] if ! cream is froz5 v long 9 advance ( ! meal4 ,! cream may be put into a mold1 set 9 ! fireless cook] kettle1 surr\nd$ ) ice & salt & left 9 ! fireless cook] all day4 ,peel pea*es1 cut 9 ?9 slices1 spr9kle ) sug> & set 9 ! ice box to *ill4 ,to s]ve1 place pea*es 9 *ill$ dess]t glasses1 cov] ) ice cream & g>ni% ea* ) a c&i$ *]ry4 ,9 ! foll[+ recipes ! cream is add$ aft] ! junket prep>$ f mixtures ( milk1 sug> & flavors has be5 p>tly froz51 a me?od :i* is pref]r$ by _m4 ,c(fee ,ice ,cream ,make a cup ( v /rong c(fee1 add x to two qu>ts ( w>m milk 9 :i* "o cup ( sug> has be5 dissolv$1 ta/e 9 ord] to see if ! flavor is /rong en\gh1 add ?ree dissolv$ ,junket ,tablets1 /ir quickly = "o-half m9ute1 p\r into ice cream c & let /& undi/urb$ t5 or fifte5 m9utes or until set4 ,pack ) ice & salt2 freeze to a ?ick mu% be=e add+ "o p9t ( cream1 !n cont9ue freez+4 ,simmons ,college ,pea* ,ice ,cream ,heat two qu>ts ( milk lukew>m 9 :i* has be5 dissolv$ "o cup ( sug> & two teaspoonfuls ( vanilla flavor1 add two dissolv$ ,junket ,tablets1 /ir quickly = "o-half m9ute & p\r into ice cream c1 let /& undi/urb$ t5 or fifte5 m9utes or until set4 ,pack ) ice & salt2 freeze to a ?ick mu% be=e add+ "o p9t ( cream & cru%$ & sweet5$ pea*es1 !n cont9ue freez+4 ,save ! ne$$ am\nt ( pea*es to s]ve on top ( ice cream4 ,froz5 pudd+1 /rawb]ries1 bananas1 or p9eapple1 may be add$ 9 ?is way :5 mak+ any ,junket ,ice ,cream4 ,orange ,%]bet ,heat two qu>ts ( milk lukew>m 9 :i* has be5 dissolv$ two cups ( sug>1 !n add two dissolv$ ,junket ,tablets1 /ir quickly = a m9ute & p\r into freez] c1 let x /& t5 or fifte5 m9utes be=e pack+ ) ice & salt2 freeze to a ?ick mu%1 !n add juice & grat$ r9d ( six oranges & cont9ue to freeze4 ,raspb]ry ,%]bet may be made 9 ! same way by sub/itut+ = ! juice & r9d ( oranges "o qu>t ( cru%$ & sweet5$ raspb]ries1 & ,p9eapple ,%]bet by sub/itut+ two cups ( grat$ & sweet5$ p9eapple4 ,cu/>d ,ice ,cream ,:5 cream is sc>ce _m h\sekeep]s sub/itute a mixture ( eggs & milk4 ,! foll[+ is a good /&>d recipe :i* c be v>i$ by us+ diff]5t fruits & flavors ! same z 9 any ( ! above comb9ations4 #a qu>t milk #d eggs #b teaspoons vanilla 7m if desir$7 #b cups sug> #a qu>t cream 7or ri* milk7 ,scald milk1 add sug>1 !n add ! well-beat5 eggs4 ,cook until ?ick1 remove f fire & cool4 ,be c>eful n to cook too long or x w curdle4 ,!n add ! cream & vanilla & freeze4 ,,butt] ,z ev]ybody kn[s1 butt] is "o ( ! olde/ & mo/ important products ( ! dairy indu/ry & s9ce ! middle ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 :5 sci5ce 0 fir/ appli$ to x1 ! art ( butt]mak+ has gradually be5 develop$ to a high degree ( p]fection1 :ile ! ta/e = f9e butt] has gr[n apace ) its manufacture4 ,betwe5 #ahdj & #ahej ! l>ge e/ates 9 ,hol/e91 !n connect$ ) ,d5m>k1 7 kn[n = _! f9e dairies & excell5t butt]1 made 9 a practical way )\t mu* att5tion to ! reason = ! rules t 7 gradually work$ out4 ,a class ( sup]ior dairymaids 0 educat$ on ^! l>ge f>ms1 _m ( :om 7 hir$ by progressive f>m]s on ! ,dani% isl&s :]e an ef=t 0 made at t "t to introduce bett] me?ods ( dairy+4 ,! practical h&icraft ( ^! import$ exp]t dairymaids 0 supplem5t$ & regulat$ by ! sci5tific "w ( ,pr(essor ,segelcke & 8 pupils & f ! ,sixties butt]mak+ became an art 9 ,d5m>k :i* 0 subject$ to ! mo/ se>*+ /udy & improvem5ts4 ,dani% butt] soon captur$ ! ,engli% m>ket :]e previ\sly ,isigny 7f ,nor!rn ,france7 & ,dut* butt] _h comm&$ ! highe/ prices1 & ,dani% sweet butt] put up 9 seal$ t9 cans also became kn[n all ov] ! _w z ! only butt] t w\ld /& export to ! ,tropics4 ,9 ?is c\ntry ,orange ,c\nty1 ,n4,y41 fir/ produc$ a high-class article &1 lat]1 ,elg91 ,ill41 became ! c5t] t /ood = ! top ( p]fection4 ,!nce ! indu/ry soon spread ov] ! middle we/]n /ates1 l>gely populat$ by ,sc&9avian immigrants _m ( :om 7 skill$ butt]mak]s1 educat$ 9 ! old c\ntries4 ,ev5 up to ?is day x is noticeable t ! li/ ( prize w9n+ butt]mak]s at ! ,national ,dairy ,%[s & o!r exhibitions is l>gely made up ( ,sc&9avian names4 ,9 ,m9nesota1 = in/ance1 z f9e butt] is n[ made z any:]e 9 ! _w4 ,dairy ,butt]4--,9 ! e>ly days ( ! indu/ry butt] 0 made at home on ! f>m4 ,! milk 0 set 9 %all[ vessels1--9 ! ,hol/e9 & ,dani% dairies 9 wood5 tubs #bd in*es 9 diamet] plac$ on ! /one or concrete floor 9 ! milk-vault1 a cool cell> p>tly und]gr\nd1--or 9 t9 pans on ! pantry %elf4 ,aft] #cf to #dh h\rs ! cream 0 skimm$ (f ) a flat scoop1 (t5 bo? cream & skim milk be+ s\r4 ,ab\t #ahfj ! deep t9 c 0 introduc$1 set 9 cold runn+ wat] or1 :]e ice 0 available1 9 ice wat]4 ,?is 0 a great improvem5t ov] ! %all[ sett+ sy/em4 ,x 0 n[ possible to raise mo/ ( ! cream 9 #bd h\rs leav+ n to exce$ butt]-fat 9 ! skim milk1 & to h bo? cream & skim milk sweet4 ,c5trifugal ,cream+4--,b ! climax ( p]fection 0 n rea*$ until ! sep>ator 7see "u ,cream7 0 inv5t$ ab\t #ahgi & cream 0 rais$ in/antane\sly4 ,= a long "t x 0 ! object ( ! manufactur]s to produce p[] sep>ators ( l>g] & l>g] capacity1 h&l+ f #f1jjj to #aj1jjj lbs4 ( milk an h\r4 ,co-op]ative ,cream]ies 7 e/abli%$1 tak+ 9 #bj1jjj lbs4 ( milk & m a day4 ,b 9 ?9ly settl$ sections :]e ! roads 7 poor x 0 exp5sive to haul ! milk a long di/ance to ! cream]y & h& sep>ators 7 introduc$1 ea* f>m] skimm+ 8 own milk fre% f ! c[s & deliv]+ ! cream1 only1 to ! cream]y4 ,?is sy/em has ! advantage ( leav+ ! skim milk on ! f>m 9 ! v be/ condition = ! calves & hogs & ( sav+ "t & exp5ses 9 transportation4 ,x has ! disadvantage t _m f>m]s c h>dly be expect$ to h&le all ( ^! sep>ators z skilfully & cleanly z ! cream]y exp]t c run 8 "o or few ma*9es1 & consequ5tly t ! skimm+ is m or less imp]fect--m butt]-fat be+ left 9 ! skim milk & m impurities 9 ! cream ?an 9 ! :ole-milk cream]y4 ,b 9 practice ! advantages ( ! h& sep>ator & cream-ga!r+ sy/em seem to be great] ?an ! disadvantages & x is rapidly tak+ ! place ( ! :ole-milk cream]ies4 ,rip5+ ! ,cream4--,butt] may be made by *urn+ :ole milk1 b usually x is made f cream t has be5 8rip5$0 or s\r$ by /&+ = ab\t #aj h\rs at a temp]ature ( f #fe to #ge ,f4 ,mod]n butt]mak]s (t5 pa/eurize ! cream & !n add a 8/>t]0 to s\r x4 ,by prep>+ ! />t] ) a pure culture ( lactic acid bact]ia "o c get ! desir$ acidity & aroma1 & exclude undesirable flavors 7z to ,pure ,cultures & ,/>t]s1 see "u 8,bact]ia0 & 8,comm]cial ,butt]milk074 ,illu/ration3 ,sanit>y ,cream ,rip5] %[+ coil swung up into clean+ position ,! process ( rip5+ requires consid]able skill & att5tion & is "o ( ! mo/ delicate functions ! butt]mak] is call$ ^u to p]=m4 ,9 ! fir/ place ! cream mu/ be faultless1 sweet & pure be=e x is set to rip51 s ! butt]mak] w h full control ( ! f]m5tation4 ,=1 if x is already turn$ or p>tly f]m5t$1 no skill w avail to br+ x back to p]fection4 ,b ) a fir/ class1 pure cream ! op]ator has x 9 8 p[] to turn out p]fect butt]4 ,9 ! big we/]n cream]ies cream is (t5 collect$ f f>ms at a di/ance ( a hundr$ miles or m & 9 w>m wea!r su* cream is likely to arrive at ! c5tral plant 9 m or less advanc$ condition4 ,x is !re=e difficult = ! c5traliz]s to make really fir/-class butt] :ile ! 8:ole-milk cream]y0 z well z ! f>m] h&l+ 8 own milk are 9 position to control ! rip5+ f ! beg9n+1--/>t+ ) pure mat]ial & be+ able to develop ! desir$ flavor & acidity 9 ! cream4 ,aft] add+ ! />t] to ! cream x mu/ be kept at a uni=m temp]ature ( #fe to #ge dur+ ! rip5+ process & x mu/ be wat*$ c>efully & occasionally /irr$ g5tly until ! consi/5cy1 aroma & acidity are z desir$4 ,!n x %\ld be cool$ quickly to /op fur!r f]m5tation & if x is n to be *urn$ at once x %\ld be kept cold until *urn+ "t4 ,usually x is saf] to set ! cream 9 ! morn+ & ha/5 ! rip5+ s x w be complet$ 9 ! ev5+ r ?an to leave x ov]night w>m4 ,=1 if x is f9i%$ 9 ! ev5+1 ! cream may be cool$ & plac$ 9 ice wat] ov]night & "o is sure to h x 9 good condition = *urn+ 9 ! morn+4 ,b x is q feasible = ! exp]i5c$ op]ator to regulate ! process s ! cream w n be fully rip5$ 9 ! morn+ until he is on h& to wat* x & see t ! process does n g too f>4 ,ta/e & smell w tell :5 x is j "r1 & ! acid te/ may also be appli$ to det]m9e :5 to /op ! f]m5tation4 ,an acidity ( 4#e is usually desir$4 ,:5 ! condition is "r1 *ill ! cream1 cool+ x to bel[ #ej--pref]ably d[n t[>ds #dj--;& leave x 9 ice wat] or 9 ! refrig]ator until *urn+ "t2 !n temp] x to ! prop] temp]ature = *urn+4 ,ev5 if x is to be *urn$ soon aft] ! rip5+ is complet$ x is be/ to *ill x & !n raise ! temp]ature to ! po9t want$ = *urn+4 ,?is gives a bett] 8gra90 & 8body0 to ! butt] ?an if ! rip5$ cream is j cool$ to ! *urn+ temp]ature1 & is especially desirable :5 ! cream has be5 pa/euriz$4 ,illu/ration3 ,bran* ( ! ,annatto tree ,color+4--,:5 ! cream is ready x is p\r$ into ! *urn & a little butt] color is add$4 ,"s p pref] butt] v light or ev5 uncolor$1 b usually #a to #b teaspoonfuls ( a /&>d butt] color#e to #aj gallons ( cream w be f\nd "r1 v>y+ accord+ to ! season & ! bre$ ( c[s furni%+ ! milk4 ,! butt]-fat 9 ,gu]nsey & ,j]sey milk is naturally highly color$1 :ile t 9 ,hol/e9 milk is comp>atively :ite4 ,:5 ! c[s are on fre% pa/ure 9 ! e>ly summ] ! butt]-fat is m highly color$ ?an :5 !y are on dry food4 ,! am\nt ( color+ to be add$ to ! cream is regulat$ to ov]come su* v>iations & make ! butt] ( uni=m color all ! ye> r\nd4 ,illu/ration3 ,add+ ! butt] color ,*urn+4--,hundr$s ( v>ieties ( *urns h be5 con/ruct$ f "t to "t2 #b1jjj ye>s ago ,pl9y describ$ ! old da% *urn mu* ! same z /ill occasionally us$ on ! f>m1 & ! pr9ciple involv$ 9 ! process has n be5 *ang$4 ,! object is to make ! fat globules conglom]ate into gra9s t c be collect$ & leave z little butt]-fat z possible 9 ! butt]milk4 ,illu/ration3 ,old ,arabian *urn made out ( ! sk9 ( a goat ,illu/ration3 ,anci5t *urn ,illu/ration3 ,dani% *urn ,! be/ temp]ature = *urn+ v>ies f #dh to #ef & mu/ be det]m9$ by local conditions & exp]i5ce4 ,to all[ pl5ty ( room = ! cream to %ake ab\t1 ! *urn %\ld n be mu* m ?an half full4 ,:5 ! globules ( fat susp5d$ 9 ! milk /ick toge!r & =m granules z l>ge z good siz$ p9-heads x is "t to /op ! *urn & dra9 (f ! butt]milk4 ,if ! butt] fails to 8come0 9 half an h\r or =ty m9utes x may be because ! cream 9 ! *urn is too w>m or too cold4 ,a little cold or w>m wat]1 z ! case may be1 c be add$ z a simple rem$y4 ,illu/ration3 ,*urn+ room 9 a l>ge mod]n cream]y ,t[>d ! end ( ! process c>e mu/ be tak5 t ! *urn is /opp$ at ! "r mom5t1 :5 ! butt] w sep>ate cle> f ! butt]milk4 ,aft] ! butt]milk is drawn (f pure cold wat] is p\r$ into ! *urn & ! butt] granules are r9s$ 9 x4 ,?is wat] aga9 is drawn (f & fre% cold wat] put 94 ,illu/ration3 ,butt] work] ,work+ ! ,butt]4--,! butt] c n[ be tak5 out ) a sieve & work$ on ! butt]-work]1 or x may be work$ 9 ! *urn4 8,work+0 ! butt] consi/s 9 squeez+ out ! butt]milk & knead+ ! butt] into a smoo? b n 8greasy0 mass4 ,if x is too w>m & if x is work$ too mu*1 ) a slid+ motion in/ead ( j press+1 ! butt] is apt to become greasy4 ,if !re seems to be any dang] ( greas9ess1 x is bett] to /op & put ! butt] 9 a cool place = a few h\rs to recov] its ela/icity4 ,! work+ c !n be f9i%$ safely4 ,salt+4--,dur+ ?is work+ process salt is add$ & ?or\ghly di/ribut$ & work$ 94 ,ab\t half an ounce ( salt is us$ = a p\nd ( butt]4 ,composition ( ,butt]4--,:5 f9i%$1 ! butt] ought n to conta9 m ?an #ab to #ae ( wat]1 & !re %\ld be at lea/ #hj ( butt]-fat4 ,if all ! butt]-fat orig9ally 9 ! milk c\ld be tak5 out 9 ! butt]1 #ajj lbs4 ( #d milk %\ld yield #d4hh 7#d4hh lbs47 ( butt] ) #hb butt]-fat4 ,b a little is lo/ 9 ! skim milk & m 9 ! butt]milk1 :i* usually conta9s fat1 s t ab\t #d lbs4 is all ! butt] t c be expect$ f #ajj lbs4 ( milk4 ,ov]run4--,cream]y m5 are mu* int]e/$ 9 ! 8,ov]run0 :i* means ! increase f ! *urn ov] ! am\nt ( fat 9 ! milk4 ,= in/ance1 if a quantity ( milk conta9+ #ajj lbs4 butt]-fat z %[n by ! ,babcock ,te/ produces #aad lbs4 ( f9i%$ butt]1 ! ov]run is #ad4 ,! butt]mak] :o gets ! l>ge/ ov]run by r$uc+ ! loss ( butt]-fat 9 ! skim milk & ! butt]milk to a m9imum1 keep+ ! p]c5tage ( wat] 9 ! butt] j bel[ #af1 & yet produc+ high scor+ butt]1 is consid]$ mo/ effici5t4 ,pack+4--,= ! m>ket1 butt] is pack$ 9 tubs or /one j>s4 ,or x is mold$ 9 neat "o-p\nd bricks & wrapp$ 9 p>*m5t pap]4 ,sweet ,butt]4--,real 8sweet0 butt] is *urn$ f fre%1 sweet1 uns\r$ cream4 ,b usually ! "n is giv5 to ! unsalt$ & uncolor$ butt] t _m p reli%4 ,)\t ! salt x does n keep z well z ord9>y butt]1 & mu/ be eat5 q fre%4 ,well-made salt$ butt] w keep = mon?s ) ord9>y c>e1 & 9 cold /orage x may be kept a ye>4 ,b :5 x comes out ( cold /orage x mu/ be us$ )9 a few weeks1 = butt]1 l o!r cold /orage foods1 w soon spoil & become rancid :5 x is expos$ to a high] temp]ature = any l5g? ( "t4 ,r5ovat$ ,butt]4--,butt] t has become old & rancid c be 8r5ovat$40 ,! butt] is melt$ & ! butt]-oil wa%$1--arat$ 9 ! r5ovat+ plants1--& !n *urn$ ) f9e-flavor$ s\r skim milk4 ,f ! s\r skim milk x gets back its old butt] flavor4 ,! granul> physical consi/5cy ( fre% butt] is ga9$ by p\r+ ! emulsifi$ mixture ov] crack$ ice or into ice wat]4 ,by ! "t ! excess ( 8butt]milk0 has be5 remov$ by work+1 & salt has be5 mix$ 91 ! r5ovat$ butt] may be almo/ z good z fre% cream]y butt]4 ,oleom>g>9e or ,butt]9e is made 9 mu* ! same way4 ,a mixture ( beef-fat 7! s(t "p ( beef-tall[7 & l>d & cottonse$ oil is *urn$ ) s\r milk & work$ & granulat$ l r5ovat$ butt]4 ,= ! bett] grades1 "s ( ! f9e/ cream]y butt] is mix$ ) x1 s t ! mixture c h>dly be di/+ui%$ f real butt]4 ,coco-butt]1 ,nut-butt]1 etc41 9 great v>iety1 are n[ also on ! m>ket z sub/itutes = butt]1 all prep>$ 9 a simil> way1 b lack+ ! vital unkn[n elem5t t makes g5u9e butt] s sup]ior to sub/itutes4 ,,butt]milk ,if ! cream has be5 c>efully rip5$1 ) or )\t a pure culture />t]1 & x has %[n ! prop] s\rness :5 *urn$1 ! butt]milk w be ( a pleas+ ta/e & flavor4 ,its ?ickness w ( c\rse dep5d ^u ! am\nt ( wat]1 if any1 add$ to ! cream 9 ! *urn dur+ ! butt]mak+4 ,if ! butt]milk is to be us$ = human food c>e mu/ be tak5 n to dilute x too mu*4 ,cool+ ,ess5tial4--,if butt]milk is left to /& = h\rs 9 a w>m room1 f]m5tation goes on & may soon spoil ! butt]milk by mak+ x sloppy or bitt]4 ,x %\ld !re=e be cool$ at once :5 drawn f ! *urn2 if kept 9 ice wat] x may rema9 9 f9e flavor = sev]al days4 ,well tak5 c>e ( x is n only a pleas+ & refre%+ dr9k b em95tly heal?ful4 ,9 cook+1 too1 x c be us$ to advantage4 ,comm]cial ,butt]milk or ,cultur$ ,milk is simply c>efully s\r$ milk4 ,x c be made at home f fre% milk ei!r :ole or skimm$ or p>tly skimm$4 ,p>tially skimm$ milk conta9+ f #a to #b butt]-fat is pl5ty ri* en\gh & ev5 bett] = mo/ purposes ?an :ole milk4 ,! ess5tial qualities ( good butt]milk dep5d ^u ! prop] rip5+ ( ! cream or milk1 ! developm5t ( a pure 8bre$0 ( heal?ful bact]ia 9 a clean field free f we$s4 ,su* a plantation or 8culture0 may be gr[n 9 milk z well z 9 cream4 ,its function is to turn ! sug> ( milk into lactic acid "u ! developm5t ( pleas+ flavors & :e!r ! butt]-fat is remov$ by ! sep>ator or by *urn+ makes little diff]5ce4 ,9 natural butt]milk !re is always a little butt]-fat--at lea/ --left1 mo/ly 9 ! =m ( f9e granules1 too small to be reta9$ 9 ! butt]4 ,if ! same am\nt ( butt]-fat is left 9 skim milk & t is rip5$ & *urn$1 ! product w be id5tically ! same z natural butt]milk f rip5$ cream4 ,rip5+4--,= be/ result ! milk %\ld be pa/euriz$1 n necess>ily z ?or\ghly z = />t]s1 b suffici5tly s z to de/roy all obnoxi\s bact]ia & give ^? introduc$ ?r\gh a pure culture />t] a *ance to gr[4 ,butt]milk may1 h[ev]1 also be made f good1 clean1 unpa/euriz$ milk ( good flavor4 ,:e!r pa/euriz$ or n ! milk is set to rip5 ) f #e to #aj />t] at a temp]ature ( f #fe to #ge4 ,! prep>ation ( />t]s is describ$ "u 8,bact]ia0 & ! rip5+ ( ! milk = 8butt]milk0 is ess5tially ! same process 7see also "u ,rip5+ ( cream = butt]74 ,:5 rip5$ to ! desir$ acidity1--say 4#e to 4#f by ! acid te/1--/op fur!r f]m5tation by ?or\gh cool+4 ,break+ up ! ,curd4--,aft] cool+1 ! rip5$ milk may be brok5 up f9e & if vigor\sly %ak5 or 8*urn$0 x w rema9 smoo? & creamy4 ,o!rwise x may sep>ate into curd & :ey4 ,if *urn$ long en\gh = ! butt] to =m1 x becomes absolutely id5tical ) real butt]milk4 ,b1 = all practical purposes1 a vigor\s %ak+ = a few m9utes is en\gh4 ,?ick ,milk4--8,?ick ,milk0 z eat5 9 ,sc&9avia is made 9 ! same way z comm]cial butt]milk1 except t ! milk--ri* :ole milk--is set to rip5 9 ! b[l 9 :i* x is to be s]v$4 ,in/ead ( be+ *urn$ or /irr$1 x is left ?ick1 to be s]v$ z a pudd+1 l ,junket made f sweet milk4 ,! ri* lay] ( cream t =ms on top is excell5t4 8,?ick ,milk0 is eat5 pla9 ) ! oatmeal = breakfa/1 or z a dess]t ) grat$ /ale bread & sug> spread ov] x4 ,! uses ( butt]milk 9 mak+ pancakes & = _m o!r cul9>y purposes are m5tion$ 9 ! *apt] on 8,milk ,cook]y40 ,illu/ration3 ,dr4 ,elie ,met*nik(f1 au?or ( 8,! ,prolongation ( ,life0 ,yogh\rt or ,bulg>ian ,s\r ,milk is prep>$ ) a culture ( bact]ia orig9ally f\nd 9 ,bulg>ia :]e ,met*nik(f1 ! late director ( ! ,pa/eur ,in/itute ( ,p>is1 f\nd p liv+ to exceptional old age :i* he ascrib$ to ! fact t _! pr9cipal diet is s\r milk ( v high acidity4 ,! !ory is t a luxuri\s gr[? ( lactic acid bacilli1 act+ z a g]micide1 de/roys o!r f]m5tations 9 ! l[] inte/9es4 ,! bacilli active 9 ,yogh\rt require a some:at high] temp]ature = _! be/ gr[? ?an ! lactic acid bacilli pr$om9ant 9 s\r cream = ! f9e/ butt]1 a fact :i* mu/ be tak5 into consid]ation 9 prep>+ ! v>i\s products4 ,,f]m5t$ ,,milk ,9 ! prep>ation ( ,k\mis1 ,kefir & o!r f]m5t$ milks ( ! same class1 ,yea/ plays an important "p1 *ang+ "s ( ! milk-sug> into ! alcohol :i* is f\nd 9 ^! prep>ations 9 quantities up to #b4 ,illu/ration3 ,baba ,vasilka1 #abf ye>s old & h] son1 ,tudor1 #aja2 ,bulg>ian peasants ^: pr9cipal food has be5 s\r milk all _! lives ,k\mis 0 fir/ made f m>e's milk by ! ,t>t>s1 b is n[ prep>$ 9 ?is c\ntry f c['s milk by ! addition ( sug> & yea/4 ,z c>bonic acid is develop$ 9 ! process x is q eff]vesc5t & may be reg>d$ bo? z a food & a /imulant4 ,x is sometimes prescrib$ by physicians 9 cases :5 ! pati5t _c reta9 o!r food4 ,kefir is a simil> prep>ation orig9ally made 9 ! ,caucasus by a f]m5tation />t$ by ,kefir gra9s :i* conta9 bo? yea/ & v>i\s bact]ia4 ,! dry ,kefir gra9s are soak$1 fir/ 9 lukew>m wat]1 lat] 9 lukew>m milk1 = sev]al days1 until !y develop s mu* gas z to float on ! top4 ,a c\ple ( tablespoonfuls ( ! gra9s are !n add$ to a qu>t ( milk :i* is left to f]m5t at #gj ,f4 "u frequ5t /irr+ or %ak+4 ,:5 ! f]m5tation is fully develop$ ! gra9s are /ra9$ (f & ! milk is bottl$ & kept = #a to #b days at #fj4 ,! gra9s may be us$ at once aga9 9 fre% milk1 & :5 ! manufacture is f9i%$ !y may be dri$ & kept1 to be us$ aga9 ano!r "t4 ,illu/ration3 ,kefir gra9s ( natural size2 a1 b & c dri$2 d1 e & f soak$ 7,orla ,j5s51 ,milk ,bact]iology7 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,*eese ,illu/ration3 ,/ud5ts mak+ *eese 9 ! ,univ]sity *eese factory1 ,madison1 ,wis4 ,mo/ ( ! foll[+ pages on ,*eese 7 publi%$ 9 #aiah z a sep>ate pamphlet to meet an urg5t dem& = brief directions along ?is l9e dur+ ! ,food ,cons]vation campaign4 ,! copy has1 h[ev]1 be5 revis$ & new mat]ial has be5 add$ ) ! view ( mak+ ?is *apt] m useful to ^? :o desire to /udy 9 detail ! manufacture ( v>i\s fancy =eign types ( *eese su* z ,edam1 ,swiss1 ,brick1 ,roque=t1 etc41 :i* are n[ made 9 ?is c\ntry 9 con/antly increas+ quantities4 ,= m complete directions 9 *eese mak+ /ud5ts are ref]r$ to 8,a ,b ,c 9 ,*eese ,mak+0 by ,j4 ,h4 ,monrad1 & o!r te*nical works4 ,*eese ( a ?\s& diff]5t k9ds is made1 v>y+ 9 prop]ties & appe>ance f ! solid1 yet mell[ & agreeable ,*$d> *eese to ! semi-s(t1 malodor\s ,limburg]1 ! delici\s1 s(t ,neuf*atel & ,cream *eese1 or ! sweet ,myseo/ ( ,norway4 ,9 ,india *eese 0 made c5turies ago2 to-day x is produc$ ! _w ov]1 9 ! caves ( ! ,swiss ,alps & 9 ! mo/ mod]n & sci5tific ,am]ican *eese factories & laboratories4 ,( ^! myriad types we c "h describe only a few4 ,*eese may be classifi$ into t made ) r5net & t made )\t4 ,( *eese made ) r5net "s is :at is call$ h>d1 "s s(t4 ,! ,engli% & ,am]ican ,*$d>--! common ,am]ican *eese--! ,dut* ,g\da & ,edam1 ! ,swiss ,gruy]e1 & ! ,italian ,p>mesan are all h>d *eese made ) r5net4 ,z examples ( ! s(t v>ieties may be m5tion$ ! ,fr5* ,camemb]t & ,brie1 ,cream & ,neuf*atel *eese4 ,9 a class by !mselves are su* *eeses z ! ,fr5* ,roque=t1 ! ,engli% ,/ilton1 & ! ,italian ,gorgonzola1 _! peculi> flavors be+ d]iv$ f molds implant$ 9 ! curd4 ,illu/ration ,:5 *eese is made )\t r5net1 ! milk is all[$ to curdle by natural acidity or x is 9 "s o!r way made acid4 ,among ! v>ieties made by ?is me?od ! common ,cottage *eese is ! be/ kn[n4 ,= _m ye>s imitations ( =eign v>ieties su* z ,swiss & ,limburg] h be5 made 9 ,nor!rn ,new ,york & ,wiscons94 ,z a result ( ! w> & ! cutt+ (f ( =eign *eese imports1 ! ,/ate ( ,wiscons9 has built up a l>ge bus9ess 9 ^! fancy v>ieties4 ,new types h lately be5 add$1 z ! ,romano1 ,riggiano1 & ,myze?ra1 :i* are ( ,italian & ,greek orig94 ,"s ( ^! are made ( :ole milk1 "s ( p>tly-skimm$ milk1 & o!rs ( ! album9 ( ! :ey4 ,let u briefly review ! *>act]i/ic features 9 ! mak+ ( ! old] types4 ,,*$d> ,,*eese ,= a hundr$ ye>s or m ?is fam\s *eese has be5 made & m>ket$ at ! village ( ,*$d> ne> ,bri/ol1 ,engl&4 ,9 ! middle ( ! n9ete5? c5tury a f>m] 9 t neighborhood1 ,joseph ,h>d+ ( ,m>ksbury ,vale1 sy/ematiz$ ! manufacture & x 0 8 me?od t became ! model = *eesemak+ 9 ,am]ica4 ,9 ?is c\ntry x 0 fir/ made 9 ,h]kim] ,c\nty1 ,n4,y41 :]e ,h>ry ,burrell n only made *eese = ! home m>ket1 b also export$ to ,engl&1 & 8 son1 ,david ,h4 ,burrell1 at ,little ,falls lat] develop$ ! ma*9]y :i* became ! /&>d = ! ,am]ican & ,canadian *eese factories4 ,! factory sy/em by :i* *eese 0 made f milk br\ght toge!r f sev]al f>ms1 orig9at$ ne> ,rome1 ,n4,y41 & soon *eesemak+ became an important indu/ry ?r\gh\t ,c5tral & ,nor!rn ,new ,york :5ce x spread into ,p5nsylvania1 ,ohio & ! ,we/1 z well z to ,canada4 ,to-day ,wiscons9 makes m *eese ?an all ! o!r /ates toge!r & ,canada l>gely supplies ,engl& ) ,*$d> *eese ( excell5t quality4 ,illu/ration3 ,joseph ,h>d+1 :o sy/ematiz$ ! mak+ ( ,*$d> *eese 9 ,engl& ,illu/ration3 ,david ,h4 ,burrell1 :o introduc$ laborsav+ ma*9]y & supplies 9 ! *eese factories ,illu/ration3 ,jesse ,williams1 fa!r ( ! ,am]ican factory sy/em ,! ,factory ,sy/em ,! milk is deliv]$ 9 ! morn+ by ! f>m]s at ! factory & is weigh$ & /ra9$ ?r\gh *eese-clo? into ! *eese vat4 ,:5 x is all 9 ! vat x is w>m$ to a temp]ature ( #hf ,f4 by lett+ /eam into ! wat] surr\nd+ ! bottom & sides ( ! jacket$ vat4 ,illu/ration3 ,a measur+ glass & an accurate !rmomet] are indisp5sable ,illu/ration3 ,! ,m>s*all r5net te/ ,rip5+4--,! milk %\ld be slightly acid1 n noticeably s\r1 yet suffici5tly rip5$ = ! prop] f]m5tation to take place 9 ! process t foll[s4 ,! be/ *eesemak]s regulate ! rip5+ by add+ a />t] to ! sweet milk & all[+ ! lactic acid bact]ia to multiply 9 ! milk until a ,r5net ,te/#f or ,acid ,te/#g %[s t ! desir$ degree ( acidity has be5 rea*$4 ,! />t] may be s\r :ey or pref]ably prep>$ f sweet skim milk or :ole milk ) a comm]cial lactic acid culture z describ$ 9 ,*apt] ,i "u ,f]m5ts & ,butt]milk4 ,f #a to #b />t] is usually suffici5t4 ,an acidity ( 4#ah to 4#bj or #b degrees on ! ,r5net ,te/ is usually desir$ be=e ! r5net is add$4 ,illu/ration3 ,*ri/ian ,d4 ,a4 ,hans51 inv5tor ( comm]cial r5net extract ,illu/ration3 ,bl[+ up ! r5nets to dry !m ,add+ ,color & ,r5net4#h--;,if ! *eese is to be color$1 f #a to #b ounces ( liquid *eese color 7,annatto dissolv$ 9 an alkali7 p] #a1jjj lbs4 ( milk is n[ add$ & ?or\ghly mix$ into ! milk :i* is !n set ) r5net4 ,?ree ounces ( a /&>d r5net extract to #a1jjj lbs4 ( milk is usually suffici5t4 ,en\gh %\ld be us$ s t ! milk w %[ beg9n+ coagulation 9 #aj to #ae m9utes & be ready to cut 9 #cj to #dj m9utes4 ,! extract %\ld be dilut$ ) t5 times z mu* wat] & is !n p\r$ into ! milk "u vigor\s /irr+ s z to be ?or\ghly di/ribut$ & incorporat$ 9 ! :ole mass4 ,ow+ to ! sc>city ( ! raw mat]ial = r5net extract dur+ ! w>1 peps9 extract$ f hogs' /oma*s has be5 sub/itut$ 9 _m factories & is us$ ei!r 9 dry =m or z a liquid extract in/ead ( r5net extract4 ,) peps9 z ! coagulant x is necess>y to rip5 ! milk some:at fur!r ?an if r5net is us$1 9 fact to ! dang]-po9t :]e a little m acidity is apt to d h>m & produce a dry & crumbly *eese & loss ( butt]-fat 9 ! :ey4 ,mo/ *eesemak]s !re=e pref] r5net :5 !y c get x4 ,! r5net hav+ be5 add$1 ! milk is left undi/urb$ until a firm curd has be5 =m$4 ,:5 ! curd breaks or splits %>ply be=e ! f+] pu%$ sl[ly ?r\gh x1 x is ready to be 8cut40 ,illu/ration3 ,curd knives ,cutt+4--,two sets ( curd knives are us$1 ea* consi/+ ( a metal frame 9 :i* t9n$ /eel blades are hung1 9 "o v]tically & 9 ! o!r horizontally4 ,! v]tical knife is fir/ c>ri$ sl[ly ?r\gh ! curd l5g?wise & crosswise2 ! horizontal set ( blades is !n mov$ c>efully ?r\gh ! l5g? ( ! vat4 ,:5 ! cutt+ is ov]1 ! entire mass %\ld be 9 cubes ab\t half an in* squ>e4 ,! :ey t beg9s to sep>ate out %\ld be cle> & yell[4 ,milky :ey is a sign t ! butt]-fat is escap+ 9 x2 ! curd has be5 brok5 up too viol5tly4 ,9 curdl+1 ! case9 encases ! butt]-fat & ! object ( ! break+ up ( ! curd 9 ! vat is to expel ! :ey b reta9 ! fat 9 ! *eese4 8,cook+0 ! ,curd4--,g5tle heat is n[ appli$ to raise ! temp]ature gradually to #ih or #ajj 9 ! c\rse ( ab\t #cj m9utes4 ,mean:ile ! small pieces ( curd are kept float+ 9 ! :ey by g5tle /irr+ ) a rake & ! h&s1 & are n all[$ to pack at ! bottom ( ! vat4 ,! heat+ is easily regulat$ by op5+ ! /eam valve little by little4 ,?r\gh ! 8cook+0 ! pieces ( curd %r9k to "s ext5t & are h>d5$ s t !y w gradually /& liveli] /irr+ )\t los+ butt]-fat4 ,aft] ! cook+ ! curd is left = an h\r or s 9 ! :ey = a slight acidity to develop & x is !n %ov$ t[>d ! sides ( ! vat & ! :ey is dra9$ (f4 ,"h aga9 ! 8,acid ,te/0 may assi/ 9 det]m9+ :5 ! :ey %\ld be drawn4 ,illu/ration3 ,cutt+ ! curd ,*$d>+ or ,matt+4--,aft] ?or\gh dra9+1 ! curd is pack$ toge!r 9 ! bottom ( ! vat or on a 8s9k0 provid$ ) a false bottom cov]$ ) *eese-clo?4 ,aft] f]m5t+ = #aj or #ae m9utes x is cut into l>ge pieces :i* are aga9 pack$ toge!r = fur!r matt+4 ,! exact condition to be atta9$ c be det]m9$ only by exp]i5ce4 ,illu/ration3 8,*$d>+0 or 8,matt+0 ! curd ,a simple te/1 ! 8,hot ,iron ,te/10 may1 h[ev]1 help ! *eesemak] to judge ( ?is po9t4 ,a h&ful ( curd squeez$ toge!r & t\*$ to a hot /eam pipe or an iron rod heat$ almo/ r$-hot 9 ! fire "u ! boil]1 & sl[ly )drawn1 w leave ?reads /ick+ to ! iron4 ,dep5d+ ^u ! maturity ( ! curd1 ! ?reads w break at a l5g? ( f to #b in*es4 ,usually f]m5tation is consid]$ suffici5t :5 ?reads #a in*es long are =m$ by ?is te/4 ,illu/ration3 ,curd mill ,salt+4--,! matt+ is !n int]rupt$ by break+ up & salt+ ! curd4 ,?is c be done by h& or by a curd-mill :i* cuts or breaks up ! curd & p]mits a ?or\gh mix+ 9 ( ! salt4 ,two or ?ree p\nds ( salt to "o hundr$ p\nds ( curd1 or ! curd f #a1jjj lbs4 ( milk1 is ! usual ratio4 ,press+4--,/irr+ & cool+ ! salt$ curd to ab\t #hj ,f4 makes x ready = pack+ into ! hoops 9 :i* x is to be press$4 ,! hoop is usually a cyl9d] ( heavy t9 ) a 8foll[]0 ( wood on :i* ! pressure is appli$4 ,be=e ! curd is put 91 ! hoop is l9$ ) *eese-clo? :i* rema9s on ! *eese1 :5 x is tak5 out4 ,! press mo/ly us$ 9 ! factory is ! cont9u\s pressure 8gang-press0 9 :i* a numb] ( *eeses c be press$ at ! same "t4 ,cur+4--,aft] #ah h\rs' pressure ! *eese is tak5 out ( ! press & out ( ! hoop1 weigh$ & plac$ on a %elf or table 9 ! cur+ room4 ,= ! fir/ week or t5 days x is kept at a temp]ature ( ab\t #gj1 lat] ! *eese is remov$ to a cool] room & possibly plac$ 9 cold /orage4 ,usually x is p>aff9$ to prev5t too mu* dry+ & crack+ ( ! r9d4 ,illu/ration3 ,fill+ ! curd into ! hoops ,to cure a fir/-class ,*$d> *eese takes f ?ree to six mon?s1 b mo/ ( ! ,am]ican *eese is made to cure mu* m quickly & is eat5 two to f\r mon?s old4 ,inde$1 x is g5]ally %ipp$ f ! factory eight to t5 days old & :atev] fur!r cur+ x gets is 9 ! w>eh\se ( ! commissionman or 9 ! groc]y /ore4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,gang press ,=m1 ,size & ,pack+4--,! old /yle ,am]ican *eese is cyl9drical1 ab\t #ad in*es 9 diamet]1 & v>y+ 9 dep? to weigh betwe5 #fj & #hj p\nds4 ,v>i\s o!r =ms are n[ (t5 made1 squ>e & long or 9 fancy %apes1 su* z a ball or a p9eapple4 ,aside f su* freaks1 :i* h nev] become v popul>1 o!r deviations f ! l>ge1 /&>d1 ,am]ican ,*$d>1 are also made to a consid]able ext5t4 ,p :o h visit$ ! beautiful ,national ,dairy ,%[s held 9 turn 9 ,*icago1 ,spr+field1 ,mass41 & ,columbus1 ,o41 ! ,national ,milk & ,dairy ,f>m ,expositions ( ,new ,york ,city1 ! ,ont>io ,prov9cial ,fair held ea* ye> at ,toronto1 or ! annual ,/ate ,fairs 9 ,new ,york1 ,wiscons91 ,mi*igan & o!r *eesemak+ sections w h 9 m9d fir/ ! prom95t exhibits ( ! regul> ,*$d>1 %[+ a uni=mity 9 texture1 =m & ta/e t is really rem>kable4 ,b "o w also admire ! v>iety ( o!r =ms4 ,!re are ! ,flats or ,tw9s1 pack$ two 9 a box & weigh+ toge!r ! same z "o ,am]ican2 ! ,"y ,am]icas pack$ f\r 9 a box2 ! ,longhorns ( six to eight in*es 9 diamet]2 o!rs made l a loaf ( bread & creas$ s t a p\nd or two may be cut (f fairly accurately1 etc4 ,illu/ration3 ,tak+ ! *eese out ( ! press ,! ,giant ,*eeses1 weigh+ five to six tons1 occasionally exhibit$ & cut up at ,_w ,fairs & on simil> occasions are1 l ! p9eapple *eese1 a curiosity r ?an an indu/rial product4 ,"o ( ! be/ =ms1 9 ! writ]'s op9ion1 is ! small #e-lb4 *eese1 proportion$ exactly l ! l>ge ,am]ican4 ,?is makes a suitable size = an av]age family1 ! memb]s ( :i* h le>n$ to appreciate a good *eese4 ,if x is made small]1 too mu* is lo/ 9 ! r9d2 if l>g] x gets too old be=e x c be consum$ by "o family4 ,illu/ration3 ,cur+ room ,! l>g] *eeses are usually pack$ 9 neat1 snug-fitt+ elm-wood boxes1 ) ?9 8,scale ,bo>ds0 on ! top & bottom ( ! *eese1 ! small] ones 9 p>aff9$ press$ pulp or pa/ebo>d boxes4 ,clean+ ! ,vats & ,ut5sils4--,l e o!r place :]e milk & its products are h&l$1 ! *eese factory mu/ be kept scrupul\sly clean4 ,vats & ut5sils %\ld be r9s$ fir/ ) cold or lukew>m wat] or :ey1 !n scrubb$ ) boil+ hot wat] & if necess>y ) soda1 soap1 or wa%+ p[d]4 ,! surr\nd+s %\ld be kept neat & attractive1 & ! *eesemak] mu/ see t ! transportation cans are kept clean by ! f>m]s & ! milk deliv]$ 9 good condition4 ,illu/ration3 ,*eese box ,yield4--,! yield is ar\nd #aj ( ! milk4 ,to make a p\nd ( fre% *eese takes f n9e to elev5 p\nds ( milk4 ,9 cur+1 a "p ( ! weight is lo/ by evaporation1 b ?is loss is r$uc$ to a m9imum by p>aff9+4 ,9 "s localities an increas$ yield is obta9$ by wa%+ ! curd & mak+ x absorb all ! wat] x c hold4 ,! process is n comm5dable & :ile x may sell to "s ext5t1 9 c]ta9 m>kets :]e a s(t1 fre% *eese is lik$1 8wa%$0 or 8soak$0 curd *eese c nev] comp>e favorably 9 quality ) a well-made1 firm ,*$d> *eese t is mell[$ d[n by long-"t cur+ to a consi/5cy s x w fairly melt 9 y\r m\?4 ,composition4--,! ,am]ican *eese conta9s almo/ all ! case9 & ! butt]-fat ( ! milk1 besides su* portions ( ! milk-album91 milk-sug>1 & m9]al matt] z are held 9 ! wat] or :ey :i* is reta9$ 9 ! *eese4 ,9 r\nd figures av]age ,am]ican *eese conta9s equal p>ts ( case91 butt]-fat & wat]1 #cj to #ce ( ea*4 ,9 ord] to protect ! hone/ mak] & ! consum] & prev5t 8soak+0 ( ! curd to an ext5t t may be consid]$ fraudul5t1 ! dairy laws ( ! ,/ate ( ,new ,york limit ! cont5ts ( wat] p]missible to #dj & #db respectively = c]ta9 classes ( *eese4 ,qualities4--,a good ,*$d> *eese %\ld be mell[1 yet solid1 )\t holes1 & ( an agreeable ta/e1 nei!r %>p nor bitt]4 ,*eese c be made ( skim milk1 b x is h>dly palatable4 ,9 ! fall ( ! ye>1 :5 ! av]age milk is ri* 9 butt]-fat1 #a or #b butt]-fat may be tak5 f ! milk & ! result+ p>tly-skimm$ milk w /ill make a fairly good *eese1 h>dly di/+ui%able f full cream *eese4 ,"u ! laws ( ! ,/ate ( ,new ,york x mu/1 h[ev]1 be m>k$ 8,skim ,milk ,*eese40 ,*eese ,made f ,pa/euriz$ ,milk ,f "t to "t attempts h be5 made to make ,*$d> *eese f pa/euriz$ milk4 ,if ! milk is heat$ to #ade only1 & held = #cj m9utes at su* temp]ature1 its prop]ty to =m a firm curd ) r5net is n de/roy$ & x w make a f9e *eese1 b if x is pa/euriz$ at a high] temp]ature x w n curdle firmly until x is rip5$ or o!rwise br\ght back to ! condition requir$ = satisfactory action ( ! r5net f]m5t4 ,?or\gh rip5+ ) a pure culture />t] w d x1 or an addition ( muriatic acid w accompli% ! same 9 a %ort] "t1 b c>e mu/ be tak5 n to use too mu*1 :i* w\ld make ! *eese dry & crumbly4 ,dr4 ,j4 ,l4 ,sammis & ,a4 ,t4 ,bruhn ( ! ,wiscons9 ,dairy ,s*ool work$ out ! problem & sy/ematiz$ a process :i* is describ$ 9 ,bullet9 #afe ( ! ,u4 ,s4 ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture & by :i* x is claim$ a fir/-class *eese c be made regul>ly f ?or\ghly pa/euriz$ milk4 ,mak+ ,*$d> ,*eese on ! ,f>m ,illu/ration3 ,am]ican outfit = f>m *eese mak+ ,illu/ration3 ,pla9 wood5 vat & curd mill ,x takes q a little exp]i5ce to make a good ,*$d> *eese &1 unless "o has ! "t & opportunity to /udy x & make x an e-day practice1 x is n z a rule advisable to attempt mak+ ,*$d> *eese 9 ! home f ! milk ( "o or a few c[s4 ,! amateur w usually f9d x easi] to make ,neuf*atel or ,cream or ,cottage *eese = home use or = ! home m>ket4 ,illu/ration3 ,dani% kettle & *eese vat ,if ,*$d> *eese is to be made regul>ly x is be/ to get an outfit consi/+ ( a small boil] & a jacket$ vat1 al?\gh *eese may be made 9 a pla9 wood5 tub or any o!r conv5i5t vessel4 ,! d\ble bottom$ vat g5]ally us$ 9 ,am]ican z well z 9 ,dani% dairies facilitates bo? ! heat+ ( ! milk be=e sett+ & ! 8cook+0 ( ! curd 9 ! :ey aft] cutt+4 ,ei!r l[ pressure /eam1 or--bett]--wat] heat$ by /eam1 is introduc$ 9 ! space betwe5 ! out]1 wood5 bottom & ! inn]1 t9n$ /eel or copp] bottom4 ,if x is cool ! milk %\ld be w>m$ to #hf ,f4 ,9 ! summ] x may be w>m en\gh z x comes 91 fre% f ! c[4 ,if n1 heat x by /eam or by sett+ x 9 a 8%ot-gun0 c 9 ano!r vessel ( hot wat]1 /irr+ frequ5tly1 until ! !rmomet] %[s #hf4 ,x may be well to add a little butt]milk or s\r :ey f ! prec$+ day1 or a pure culture />t] made ) ,butt]milk ,tablets1 n to exce$ #a or #b4 ,illu/ration3 ,cutt+ ! curd ,if x is desir$ to make color$ *eese add a teaspoonful ( liquid *eese color1 or *eese color tablet dissolv$ 9 w>m wat]1 to #ajj p\nds ( milk1 m or less accord+ to season & ! %ade ( color desir$ 9 ! *eese4 ,next add ! r5net4 ,:]e *eese is made f less ?an #ejj lbs4 ( milk ,r5net ,tablets are h&y1 "o tablet to #hj or #ajj lbs4 ,= less ?an #ej lbs4 ( milk1 ,junket ,tablets may be us$1 "o to a gallon4 ,dissolve ! tablet1 or tablets1 or fraction ( a tablet1 z ! case may be1 9 cold wat] & /ir ! solution well into ! milk1 mak+ sure ( ?or\gh mix+4 ,let /& cov]$ = half an h\r until a firm curd is =m$4 ,cut or break ! curd v c>efully ) a big knife or spoon or home-made =k ) wires across ! prongs1 imitat+ z f> z possible ! op]ation ) curd knives 9 ! factory4 ,illu/ration3 ,tak+ ! temp]ature ( ! milk 9 a %ot-gun c ,illu/ration3 ,curd =k ,illu/ration3 ,mold or 8,hoop0 8,cook0 ! curd z 9 factory *eesemak+4 ,if /eam is n available1 all[ ! curd to settle & dip (f "s ( ! :ey :i* is !n heat$ & p\r$ back on ! curd s z to raise ! temp]ature ( ! :ole mass ab\t #b degrees4 ,repeat ?is sev]al times1 gradually rais+ ! temp]ature to #ajj1 a few degrees at a "t4 ,keep ! curd g5tly /irr$ up & float+ 9 ! :ey & d n all[ x to lie on ! bottom ( ! vat long en\gh to pack firmly toge!r1 /irr+ once 9 a :ile until by smell & ta/e 7if n also by acid or hot iron te/s7 x appe>s to be suffici5tly f]m5t$ = ! :ey to be drawn1 a condition t c only be le>n$ by exp]i5ce4 ,?is w be ab\t two or ?ree h\rs f ! "t ! r5net is add$4 ,illu/ration3 ,diagram ( lev] press ,illu/ration3 ,comb9$ screw & lev] press ,draw ! :ey & press m out ( ! curd ) ! h&s4 ,let ! curd mat & break x up alt]nately sev]al times2 f9ally crumble & pulv]ize x & keep x /irr$ ) ! h&s1 add+ salt at ! rate ( ?ree to f\r ounces to ! curd f #ajj lbs4 ( milk & cont9u+ ! /irr+ until ! curd is cool$ d[n to bel[ #hj1 :5 x %\ld be pack$ into ! hoop & put to press4 ,?is salt+ & cool+ may take ano!r h\r4 ,! hoop may be made ( wood or heavy t9 ( any size desir$1 ) a loose foll[] ( wood4 ,! sides & bottom %\ld be p]=at$ to all[ ! :ey to escape4 ,or x may be a cyl9d] )\t top or bottom1 plac$ on a corrugat$ piece ( bo>d4 ,l9e ! hoop ) *eese-clo? be=e putt+ 9 ! curd4 ,illu/ration3 ,upright factory & dairy *eese press ,= press+1 a home-made lev]-press1 z outl9$ 9 ! diagram1 may be made ( a plank or b>1 "o end ( :i* 7,c71 is /uck "u a piece ( a bo>d nail$ on ! wall :ile at ! o!r end a weight 7,k7 is appli$ :i* may be mov$ 9 & out to regulate ! pressure4 ,! hoop is plac$ "u ! plank at ! fulcrum 7,k#a7 ne> ! wall4 ,if a comp\nd lev]-press or a screw-press is available x is bett]4 ,x is important t ! pressure is appli$ /raight s z to make ! *eese ev5 & n "o side l[] ?an ! o!r4 ,beg9 ) light pressure & increase x gradually e h\r until at night ! full pressure is appli$4 ,aft] an h\r take ! *eese out & turn x 9 ! hoop1 !n return x to ! press & at night apply full pressure4 ,! next morn+ take x out & weigh x & place x on ! %elf to cure 9 a room ( mod]ate temp]ature1 turn+ x e day4 ,aft] a c\ple ( weeks x may be remov$ to a cool cell> & rubb$ ) grease4 ,9 two to ?ree mon?s x %\ld be suffici5tly matur$ = consumption4 ,,o!r ,,types ,,( ,,h>d ,,*eese ,,made ,,) ,,r5net ,illu/ration3 ,a v>iety ( dome/ic & =eign *eese made at ! dairy s*ool ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,wiscons9 ,9 ! manufacture ( ! ,dut* ,g\da1 ! ,dani% ,export1 & o!r simil> types1 ! 8cook+0 & matt+ ( ! curd1 *>act]i/ic ( ! ,engli% & ,am]ican ,*$d>1 are m or less omitt$4 ,o!rwise ! process & ! result are n greatly diff]5t4 ,!y are all 8h>d0 or solid *eese ( ! same class1 ?\gh !re are hundr$s ( v>ieties 9 diff]5t localities1 ea* ) "s peculi>ity ( its own4 ,illu/ration3 ,g\da *eese ,g\da ,*eese4--,! ,g\da1 l ! ,dani% ,export *eese1 is made f :ole or p>tly-skimm$ milk :i* is set ) r5net at #ij ,f4 & is coagulat$1 ready = cutt+1 9 fifte5 to tw5ty m9utes4 ,! curd is brok5 ) ! 8lyre10 s call$1 a frame on :i* piano wires are susp5d$4 ,! curd is b slightly 8cook$0 & ! :ey is drawn :ile /ill sweet4 ,aft] be+ press$ ) ! h&s 9 ! vat to squeeze out ! :ey ! curd1 /ill q w>m1 is put into wood5 molds & work$ & squeez$ 9 !m ) ! h&s = half an h\r to elim9ate m :ey1 :5 ! mold is plac$ 9 a regul> press = #ab to #ah h\rs4 ,to salt x ! *eese is plac$ 9 a /rong br9e :]e x rema9s = sev]al days4 ,x is !n put on ! %elf 9 ! cur+ room :]e x is turn$ & rubb$ daily & 9 f\r to six weeks x is m>ket$4 ,! *eese is ab\t #aj in*es 9 diamet] by #d to #e in*es high4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,lyre ,edam ,*eese4--,! ball-%ap$ r$ ,edam is also made 9 ,holl& by a simil> me?od to t ( ! ,g\da4 ,fre% milk is set at f #ij to #ic ,f4 9 summ] & up to #ig 9 w9t]1--color$ to a r high yell[ ) ,annatto4 ,add suffici5t r5net to coagulate ! milk 9 #h to #ae m9utes4 ,cut curd c>efully ) ! 8lyre0 & break ) =k into v f9e pieces1 z small peas4 ,leave to settle = #c to #d m9utes1 putt+ cov] on ! vat if ! temp]ature 9 ! room is bel[ #fj4 ,:5 settl$1 ! curd is g5tly pu%$ into a heap :i* takes #e to #f m9utes & ! :ey is remov$ ) a dipp]4 ,weight is appli$ = #e m9utes & ! tub or vat is tipp$ s ! :ey w dra9 (f :ile ! curd is held back ) ! dipp]4 ,?is press+ is repeat$ twice m = #d & #c m9utes respectively4 ,illu/ration3 ,cur+ room 9 a ,g\da *eese factory ,! curd %\ld n[ be ela/ic & firm & %[ a temp]ature1 9 w9t] ( at lea/ #hc1 9 summ] at mo/ #ij4 ,if necess>y ! temp]ature is regulat$ by p\r+ hot :ey 7n exce$+ #ajd7 or cold wat] ov] ! curd4 ,! mold is !n plac$ 9 ! vat & two h&fuls ( curd put 9 :i* is squeez$ & work$ ?or\ghly ) ! h&s4 ,m curd is add$ & work$ 9 ! same way & ?is is repeat$ until ! mold is full ) a l>ge top on1 :i* is press$ ) ! h&s = #d or #e m9utes1 turn+ ! *eese #c or #d times & op5+ ! dra9 holes if plugg$ up4 ,"s mak]s spr9kle a teaspoonful ( f9e salt 9 ! bottom ( ! mold1 b 9 w>m wea!r x is bett] to "w 9 a qu>t] ( an ounce ( salt4 ,?is "w mu/ be done quickly s ! curd w n cool4 ,illu/ration3 ,mold = ,edam *eese ,:5 ?us =m$ ! *eese is dipp$ = #a or #b m9utes 9 fre% :ey heat$ to #abf 79 w9t] #aca7 & press$ ) ! h&s 9 ! mold = ano!r #b m9utes :5 x is c>efully wip$ (f by roll+ on a f9e clo? to remove ! la/ drop ( :ey4 ,! *eese is !n wrapp$ 9 a f9e clo?1 plac$ 9 ! mold & put to press1 9 ! ,spr+ = #e to #g h\rs1 lat] 9 ! ye> = #ab h\rs4 ,! clo? is n[ remov$ & ! *eese is put 9 a l>g] mold :i* is plac$ 9 a wat]-tight salt+ box provid$ ) a cov] & a dra9-hole 9 "o end4 ,! fir/ day a p9* ( salt is put on ! top ( ! *eese & ! next ! :ole *eese is roll$ 9 damp salt1 turn$ & put back 9 ! mold1 a lib]al quantity ( salt be+ plac$ on ! top4 ,?is is repeat$ e day until ! *eese f be+ s(t & ela/ic becomes h>d :i* z a rule takes #h to #aj days = a #d lb4 & #ab days = a #aj-ab lb4 *eese4 ,f9ally ! *eese is left a few h\rs 9 ! br9e collect$ 9 ! box1 wa%$1 wip$ & plac$ on ! %elf 9 ! cur+ room4 ,! cur+ room %\ld be light & well v5tilat$1 nev] above #gb nor bel[ #de4 ,w9d[s mu/ n be op5$ to admit dry w9d or moi/ air4 ,if too dry ! *eese w crack & if too moi/ x w be cov]$ ) delet]i\s yell[i% r$ fungi4 ,! *eese is turn$ daily ! fir/ mon?1 lat] e o!r day or twice a week4 ,:5 #bd to #cj days old ! *eese is soak$ = "o h\r 9 wat] ( #fh to #gg1 wa%$ ) a bru%1 dri$ = #bj to #dj m9utes 9 ! sun & return$ to ! %elf4 ,?is is repeat$ two weeks lat] & !n ! *eese is pa9t$ ) l9se$ oil & left on ! %elf until %ortly be=e %ipp+ :5 x is scrap$ ) a %>p knife & pa9t$ accord+ to ! dem& ( ! p>ticul> m>ket = :i* x is prep>$2 yell[i% ) ,annatto = ,engl& & ,spa91 r$ ) ,turnsole = o!r c\ntries4 ,:5 dry x is rubb$ ) a little butt] & r$ color4 ,swiss ,*eese4--,! ,swiss ,gruy]e or ,emm5?al also belongs to ?is class4 ,x is *>act]iz$ by its =m & size1 be+ l>ge1 r\nd & flat1 weigh+ #ajj to #adj lbs4 or m1 & by ! l>ge holes :i* are want$ 9 ,swiss1 b n tol]at$ 9 ,am]ican or ,dut* *eese4 ,x 0 =m]ly suppos$ t fir/-class ,swiss *eese c\ld only be made 9 ! ,alps1 b v good imitations h long be5 made 9 ,nor!rn ,new ,york & 9 ,wiscons94 ,besides 9 ! usual l>ge r\nd =m1 ! same z ! g5u9e import$ ,emm5?al]1 ,am]ican ,swiss or 8,switz]0 is also made 9 blocks1 six in*es squ>e & tw5ty in*es long1 weigh+ #be to #cj lbs4 ,until lately ,swiss *eese has be5 made 9 ! old-fa%ion$ way1 ! factory & tools be+ ( ! simple/ description4 ,! milk 0 heat$ 9 a copp] cauldron hang+ on a crane1 enabl+ ! *eesemak] to sw+ x on or (f ! fireplace4 ,n[adays ! kettle is usually jacket$ & heat$ ) /eam4 ,! r\nd =m is /ill pref]r$ to ! ,am]ican *eese vat1 h[ev]1 z x adapts itself bett] to ! peculi> me?od ( h&l+ ! curd4 ,illu/ration3 ,swiss *eese ,! milk is set ) r5net at a temp]ature ( #ij ,f4 9 summ] & #ie 9 w9t]1 suffici5t r5net be+ us$ to make a firm curd 9 ?irty to =ty m9utes4 ,b v little color is add$4 ,! curd is cut ) a long1 %>p wood5 knife1 ! 8*eese sword10 fir/ "o way into %eets1 !n1 z soon z ! cuts /& cle>1 beg9n+ to expel ! :ey1 crossways1 into v]tical /icks1 two in*es squ>e4 ,illu/ration3 ,scoop ,illu/ration3 ,*eese sword ,illu/ration3 ,cutt+ ! curd ) ! scoop ,illu/ration3 ,tools = /irr+ ! curd ,no horizontal knife is us$1 b a few m9utes aft] ! la/ v]tical cutt+ ! curd is fur!r brok5 by ! 8scoop10 a wood5 spoon or ladle ab\t eight in*es long1 ?irte5 in*es wide1 "o & "o-half in*es deep1 & provid$ ) a %ort h&le4 ,/&+ at "o side ( ! kettle1 ! *eesemak] scoops (f a lay] f ! top &1 draw+ ! scoop t[>ds himself1 drops ! pieces ( curd close to ! side ( ! kettle4 ,?is movem5t is repeat$1 at fir/ sl[ly1 !n fa/]1 & soon ! :ole mass ( curd is mov+1 ! pieces cut (f go+ d[n along ! side ( ! kettle & ! re/ ( ! /icks slid+ upw>d along ! o!r side1 to be attack$ by ! scoop z soon z !y come to ! top4 ,all ! curd hav+ be5 cut into squ>e pieces1 x is fur!r brok5 by ! /irr]1 a /ick at ! l[] end ( :i* a few cross /icks or w+s ( brass wire are fix$1 ! :ole mass be+ kept 9 con/ant motion4 ,cook+ ! ,curd4--,aft] break+ up ! curd to ! size ( peas or beans1 ! /irr+ is discont9u$ = ab\t t5 m9utes1 :5 x is begun aga9 & ! kettle is turn$ ov] ! fire1 or /eam is appli$1 to heat ! curd to #adj "u con/ant /irr+ :i* is cont9u$ = #de to #fj m9utes aft] ?is temp]ature has be5 rea*$4 ,! condition ( ! curd is judg$ by squeez+ a h&ful & notic+ its ela/icity & consi/5cy4 ,x is important to /op /irr+ at ! "r mom5t4 ,m :ey is expell$ 9 mak+ ,swiss *eese ?an = ,*$d> *eese4 ,! cook+ & agitat+ hav+ be5 f9i%$1 ! mass1 :i* n[ consi/s ( gra9s ! size ( :eat1 is once m /irr$ up ) su* =ce z to make x =m a funnel at ! c5t] & x is !n left at re/ = five to t5 m9utes4 ,! curd1 =m+ a r solid cake at ! bottom ( ! kettle1 is n[ lift$ out )\t be+ brok54 ,"o end ( a l>ge piece ( clo? is fold$ ar\nd a flexible rod4 ,b5d+ ov] ! kettle ! mak] takes hold ( bo? ends ( ! rod & ga!r+ ! o!r end ( ! clo? betwe5 8 tee?1 pu%es ! rod d[n along ! f>!r side ( ! kettle1 lett+ x foll[ ! bottom t[>ds himself until ! :ole mass ( curd is ga!r$ 9 ! clo?1 :5 x is lift$ out ( ! kettle & plac$ 9 ! hoop on ! press table4 ,! hoop c be enl>g$ or dim9i%$ to take c>e ( a v>y+ am\nt ( curd :i* is put into x 9 ! same solid cake z =m$ 9 ! kettle )\t be+ brok54 ,pressure is appli$1 at fir/1 g5tly1 lat] heavi] & aft] half an h\r ! *eese is tak5 out1 turn$ & provid$ ) fre% b&age1 put back into press & left till ! next day4 ,illu/ration3 ,9 ,swiss *eese mak+ ! curd is lift$ out ( ! vat ) a /rong clo? ,cur+ & ,salt+4--,! *eese is fir/ plac$ 9 a cur+ room above gr\nd & heat$ 9 w9t]4 ,aft] a few weeks x is remov$ to ! cell>4 ,sometimes ?ree to five *eese are pil$ "o on ! top ( ! o!r = a few days ) a few h&fuls ( salt betwe5 !m4 ,! salt+ prop] is done by rubb+ & bru%+ dry salt & ! br9e =m$ f same into ! *eese1--altoge!r #d to #e lbs4 ( salt to #ajj lbs4 ( *eese4 ,e day x is rubb$ ) a dry rag & ! *eese is turn$ & salt$ on ! o!r side until ! salt is ?or\ghly incorporat$4 ,illu/ration3 ,swiss *eese press ,! *eese is cur$ = at lea/ #ajj days 9 ! factory & is usually /or$ = ano!r ?ree to six mon?s by ! deal] be=e x is ready = ! consum]4 ,roque=t4--,! ,fr5* ,roque=t is inoculat$ ) a mold f /ale bread :i* spreads ?r\gh ! *eese & produces ! peculi> flavor ( ?is type4 ,x is made f %eep's milk & 0 =m]ly cur$ 9 cool subt]ranean cav]ns1 b n[ 9 elaborate cur+ h\ses4 ,9 ?is c\ntry imitation ,roque=t is made ( c['s milk & cur$ 9 cold /orage4 ,x %\ld be rememb]$1 h[ev]1 t %eep's milk is v ri* 9 fat & t a ri* ,roque=t t w comp>e favorably ) ! g5u9e _c be made f c['s milk )\t an addition ( cream if %eep's or goat's milk is n available4 ,9 ,france a small addition ( c['s milk to ! %eep's milk--n to exce$ #aj--;is (t5 us$4 ,ar\nd ,roque=t a milk ewe produces on an av]age #ace lbs4 ( milk a ye>1 :i* makes up to #ce lbs4 ( *eese4 ,illu/ration3 ,milk+ ! ewes at ,roque=t1 ,france 7,g4 ,ellbre*t7 ,! milk is set at ab\t #hj ) r5net suffici5t to coagulate x 9 #a to #b h\rs4 ,to cut or break & /ir ! curd1 tools simil> to ^? us$ 9 ! manufacture ( ,dut* *eese are employ$ & /irr+ is cont9u$ until ! pieces ( curd are ab\t ! size ( peas :5 ! :ey is dipp$ (f & ! curd is fur!r brok5 ) ! h& & plac$ on a clo? to dra94 ,9 fifte5 m9utes x is ready to be put into ! hoops :i* are ei!r ( glaz$ /onew>e or p]=at$ t91 #h in*es 9 diamet] by #d 94 high4 ,gr\nd /ale1 moldy bread is spr9kl$ 9 ! curd z x is put into ! hoop1 at ! rate ( #a "p ( bread to #aj1jjj p>ts ( curd4 ,?is moldy bread is prep>$ f #b p>ts ( :eat fl\r & #a "p ( rye fl\r leav5$ ) s\r yea/ & v9eg> & bak$ h>d4 ,! loaf is plac$ 9 a d>k1 moi/ cell> to mold4 ,9 six weeks x is p5etrat$ ) mold :5 x is dri$ at #hf & pulv]iz$1 =m+ ! p[d] us$ = inoculation into ! *eese-curd4 ,:5 ! hoops are fill$ !y are plac$ 9 l>ge wood5 boxes at a temp]ature ( #fe to #gj = ! :ey to dra9 (f4 ,! fir/ few days ! *eese is turn$ ?ree times a day1 lat] once a day1 & :5 five days old x is br\ght into ! cur+ room :]e x rema9s until x is firm en\gh to be %ipp$ to ! l>ge cold /orage e/abli%m5ts1 :]e x is tak5 c>e ( until ready = ! g5]al m>ket4 ,9 ! 8caves0 a high degree ( moi/ure1 a l[ temp]ature--#dj to #ej--;& pure air are ess5tial conditions4 ,! *eese is fir/ salt$ by be+ rubb$ repeat$ly ) salt on all sides4 ,! slime =m+ on ! surface is bru%$ or scrap$ (f s z n to prev5t ! admission ( air1 :i* is ess5tial to ! cur+4 ,9 ord] to fur!r facilitate ! p5etration ) air ! *eese is n[ prick$ ) num]\s ne$les by means ( a ma*9e & plac$ on ! %elf 9 ! cave :]e ! prop] moi/ure & temp]ature are ma9ta9$4 ,v>i\s f]m5tations are n[ develop+1 "o aft] ano!r1 regulat$ by scrap+1 v5tilation1 etc41 until 9 six to twelve weeks ! *eese is ready = ! m>ket & is pack$ = %ipm5t 9 pap] or 9 t9foil & 9 wick] baskets or airtight boxes1 accord+ to de/9ation1--= home consumption or = export4 ,illu/ration3 ,cur+ room 9 a ,roque=t *eese factory 7,g4 ,ellbre*t7 ,p>mesan ,*eese is an ,italian *eese made mo/ly 9 ! ,valley ( ! ,riv] ,po & nam$ f ! ,city ( ,p>ma4 ,x is produc$ f p>tly-skimm$ milk & is all[$ to become h>d & dry1 be+ us$ grat$ ) mac>oni4 ,! milk is set ) r5net at a comp>atively high temp]ature1 ab\t #ie ,f41 & :5 x is firmly curdl$ x is brok5 up & /irr$ r vigor\sly1 :i* makes ! curd f9e & dry4 ,color is n[ add$--p[d]$ ,saffron--at ! rate ( #j4e gram to #ajj kg4 milk4 ,! curd is cook$ sl[ly "u con/ant /irr+ to a temp]ature up t[>ds #ajj :5 ! :ey %\ld be p]ceptibly acid4 ,! curd is !n all[$ to settle 9 ! r\nd kettle & :5 fairly firm x is lift$ up 9 a clo?1 ! same z 9 ,swiss *eesemak+4 ,! mold is also mu* ! same z ! ,swiss & ! curd is b slightly press$4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ! day ! *eese is turn$ once or twice & put into fre% clo?4 ,! next day x is put into ! cur+ room :5 x is rubb$ ) salt4 ,9 a few mon?s ! *eese is cur$ & is !n scrap$ & poli%$ ) l9se$ oil4 ,sometimes x is kept 9 /orage two or ?ree ye>s 9 a d>k room at a temp]ature ( #fc ,f4 ,! composition av]ages3 #cb wat]1 #ba fat1 #da nitrog5\s matt]s & #f a%4 ,illu/ration3 ,caccio ,cavallo ,caccio ,cavallo is made 9 ,s\!rn ,italy ( a =m almo/ l a beetroot4 ,! milk is set ) r5net at ab\t #ie ,f4 & aft] ! curd has be5 brok5 up ! :ey is dipp$ (f & heat$ to boil+ :5 x is p\r$ back on ! curd4 ,! mass is !n all[$ to f]m5t eight to f\rte5 h\rs accord+ to ! temp]ature ( ! air4 ,! quality ( ! *eese dep5ds l>gely on ?is f]m5tation4 ,! f]m5t$ curd is cut into pieces & subm]g$ 9 boil+ wat] & is !n knead$ & =m$ into ! desir$ %ape4 ,aft] ly+ 9 cold wat] = two h\rs & 9 br9e = ?irty h\rs x is dri$ & smok$ until x atta9s a f9e gold5 color4 ,x is made 9 v>i\s sizes1 f #e to #bj p\nds1 & ! yield is said to v>y f #aj to #af ( ! milk4 ,caccio ,cavallo is eat5 on bread z well z ) mac>oni & is mu* reli%$ by ! ,italians4 ,limburg]1 ,brick1 ,mun/] & o!r simil> semi-s(t *eese ( ! prov]bial /rong flavor1 orig9at$ 9 ,belgium & ,bav>ia1 b are n[ l>gely made 9 ,nor!rn ,new ,york & ,wiscons9 z well4 ,= ,limburg] ! milk is n rip5$ z = ,*$d> b is set ) r5net q sweet at a temp]ature ( ab\t #ij2 ! curd is cut r s(t1 c>e be+ tak51 h[ev]1 n to lose butt]-fat4 ,! curd is b slightly 8cook$10 to a temp]ature n to exce$ #if1 & is n salt$ 9 ! vat b is dipp$ out into p]=at$ wood5 boxes or molds ab\t #e in*es squ>e & left to dra9 )\t pressure4 ,! *eese are plac$ edgeways l bricks on %elves & are rubb$ ) salt & turn$ e day until cur$4 ,dur+ ! cur+ process moi/ure exudes & a f]m5tation takes place :i* develops ! well-kn[n 8,limburg]0 flavor4 ,aft] eight or t5 weeks ! *eese is pack$ 9 pap] & t9foil & is ready = ! m>ket4 ,brick *eese is some?+ betwe5 a ,*$d> & a ,limburg]1 ( a mild] flavor ?an ei!r1 n z h>d z ! =m] b firm] ?an ! latt]4 ,! milk is slightly rip5$ & is set ) r5net at #hf s z to coagulate 9 #bj m9utes4 ,! curd is 8cook$0 to #aaj or m & is n all[$ to 8mat0 z = ,*$d> *eese1 b is dipp$ out ( ! vat be=e mu* acidity has develop$1 into ! molds1 :i* are rectangul> boxes )\t top or bottom plac$ on a dra9+ table :]e ! :ey runs (f4 ,! mold is usually #e in*es wide1 #h in*es deep & #aj in*es long4 ,:5 x is fill$ ) curd a foll[] is put on ! top & a slight weight1 a c\ple ( bricks1 on ! foll[]4 ,! *eese is turn$ a few times & ! next day x is tak5 out ( ! mold & plac$ on ! salt+ table4 ,! salt+ is done by rubb+ ! *eese on all sides ) salt :i* p5etrates ! curd & draws out moi/ure4 ,?is is repeat$ = #c days & ! *eese is !n left to cure1 be+ wa%$ & wip$ (f e week to prev5t mold+4 ,brick *eese is %ipp$ "o or two mon?s old4 ,x is wrapp$ 9 pap] & pack$ tw5ty 9 a box4 ,mun/] ,*eese is v mu* ! same z ,brick except = ! =m1 x be+ r\nd1 mold$ 9 a p]=at$ t9 hoop in/ead ( ! box us$ = ,limburg] & ,brick4 ,,s(t ,,r5net ,,*eese ,! s(t *eese made ) r5net may be classifi$ z fre% & cur$4 ,neuf*atel4--,! fre% s(t *eese ( ! ,neuf*atel or ,cream ,*eese type is easily made & may be produc$ 9 any h\se f a small quantity ( milk4 ,! milk is set at a comp>atively l[ temp]ature1 usually #gb ,f41 ) v little r5net1 j en\gh to coagulate ! milk 9 ab\t eighte5 h\rs4 ,dur+ t "t a slight acidity develops 9 ! milk4 ,:5 x is firmly curdl$ x is c>efully dipp$ on to *eese-clo? susp5d$ on a frame1 or into cotton bags :]e x dra9s ov]night4 ,to make ! *eese quickly a />t] is sometimes us$ & m r5net employ$4 ,! milk is heat$ to #hj ,f41 #be />t] & #g c4c4 ( r5net extract1 or "o r5net tablet p] hundr$ p\nds ( milk1 are add$ & ! milk curdles 9 ab\t #cj m9utes4 ,aft] dra9+ = a few h\rs ! curd is g5tly press$ = a simil> "t4 ,:5 ! :ey is fairly well expell$1 ! curd is knead$ or run ?r\gh a meat cutt] ) a little salt1 n m ?an #b oz4 to #aj lbs4 ( curd4 ,! outfit & ! manipulation is ess5tially ! same z describ$ "u ,cottage *eese4 ,a sup]ior quality is obta9$ by pa/euriz+ ! milk & if t is done a pure culture />t] %\ld always be us$4 ,if ! sl[ sett+ me?od is us$ a v small am\nt ( />t]1 say 1 is suffici5t1 b :5 ! quick process is employ$ #aj to #be may be add$4 ,illu/ration3 ,mold+ ,neuf*atel *eese ,to give x a good appe>ance = m>ket1 ! *eese is mold$ 9 little t9 molds v mu* l a qu>t]-p\nd bak+ p[d] c ) op5 ends4 ,! cyl9drical roll ( *eese is wrapp$ 9 p>*m5t pap] & t9foil & is imm$iately ready = consumption4 ,9 an ice box x w keep = a week or s4 ,neuf*atel *eese may be made f :ole milk or p>tly-skimm$ milk4 ,! yield is f #aj to #bj lbs4 out ( #ajj lbs4 ( milk4 ,cream ,*eese is usually made 9 ! same way4 ,a mixture ( cream & milk conta9+ ab\t #aj butt]-fat is us$1 ?\gh sometimes ! cream is n add$ until ! "t ( salt+4 ,! mold is squ>e1 #b0 #a0 #b0 deep4 ,^! s(t k9ds ( *eese are (t5 mix$ ) *opp$ pepp]s1 olives or nuts & make excell5t s&wi*es4 ,cur$ ,s(t ,*eese4--,= ,cream or ,neuf*atel *eese1 made = cur+1 ! curd is salt$ m ?an = fre% *eese1 or ! mold$ *eese is roll$ 9 salt4 ,= a week or two x is plac$ 9 a cur+ room on /raw mats or ! l :]e x f]m5ts slightly be=e be+ wrapp$ & pack$ = %ipm5t4 ,fr5* ,s(t ,*eese4--,! _m =ms ( ,fr5* s(t *eese z repres5t$ by ! ,brie1 ! ,camemb]t1 etc41 are subject$ to special f]m5tations :i* give to ea* its peculi> flavor4 ,attempts h be5 made to use pure cultures ( ! bact]ia active 9 su* f]m5tations & s r$uce ! art ( *eesemak+ to a m sci5tific process4 ,b x has be5 f\nd t any desir$ k9d ( *eese _c be made simply by add+ a culture ( ?is or t bact]ium to pa/euriz$ milk4 ,( va/ly great] importance = ! developm5t ( ! prop] bact]ia & flavor is ! h&l+ ( ! milk & ! curd by ! exp]i5c$ *eesemak]4 ,inoculation ) a pure culture alone does n make ! special *eese want$4 ,,*eese ,,made ,,)\t ,,r5net ,illu/ration3 ,mono-s]vice j> ,cottage ,*eese4--,( ! s\r milk types ! common ,cottage ,*eese is ! be/ kn[n4 ,x is made f skim milk :i* 9 a w>m room w curdle :5 s\r1 :e!r r5net & a />t] are us$ or n4 ,! ?ick s\r milk is heat$ to any:]e betwe5 #ajj & #abj & dipp$ into bags ( *eese-clo? hung up = dra9+4 ,! next day light pressure is appli$ = #ab to #bd h\rs1 :5 ! curd is knead$1 slightly salt$1 =m$ into balls & wrapp$ 9 p>*m5t pap] or pack$ into j>s4 ,= ?is purpose p>aff9$ pap] j>s are v practical4 ,! m ! curd is heat$ 9 ! :ey ! dri] w be ! *eese4 ,(t5 x is improv$ by all[+ ! curd to become r dry & !n work+ new milk or a little cream into x1 accord+ to ! use to :i* x is to be put--:e!r x is = bak]s' /ock or = ! table4 ,simple directions = mak+ ,cottage *eese are giv5 9 ,f>m]s' ,bullet9 #hej & ,a4 ,i4 #ag1 issu$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture f :i* we repr9t ! foll[+ & copy ! accompany+ illu/rations3 ,illu/ration3 ,p\r+ ! curdl$ milk on clo? to dra9 8,"o gallon ( skim milk w make ab\t #a p\nds ( *eese4 ,if ! milk is sweet x %\ld be plac$ 9 a pan & all[$ to rema9 9 a clean w>m place at a temp]ature ( ab\t #ge ,f41 until x clabb]s4 ,! clabb]$ milk %\ld h a clean1 s\r flavor4 ,ord9>ily ?is w take ab\t #cj h\rs1 b :5 x is desirable to ha/5 ! process a small quantity ( clean-flavor$ s\r milk may be mix$ ) ! sweet milk4 8,z soon z ! milk has ?ick5$ or firmly clabb]$ x %\ld be cut into pieces #b in*es squ>e1 aft] :i* ! curd %\ld be /irr$ ?or\ghly ) a spoon4 ,place ! pan ( brok5 curd 9 a vessel ( hot wat] s z to raise ! temp]ature to #ajj ,f4 ,cook at t temp]ature = ab\t #cj m9utes1 dur+ :i* "t /ir g5tly ) a spoon = #a m9ute at #e-m9ute int]vals4 ,illu/ration3 ,lift+ ! clo? back & =? to facilitate dra9+ 8,at ! conclusion ( ! heat+1 p\r ! curd & :ey into a small *eese-clo? bag 7a clean salt bag w d nicely7 & hang ! bag 9 a fruit-/ra9] rack to dra91 or ! curd may be p\r$ into a col&] or a /ra9] ov] :i* a piece ( *eese-clo? has be5 laid4 ,aft] #e or #aj m9utes "w ! curd t[>d ! c5t] ) a spoon4 ,rais+ & l[]+ ! ends ( ! clo? helps to make ! :ey dra9 fa/]4 ,to complete ! dra9+ tie ! end ( ! bag toge!r & hang x up4 ,s9ce !re is "s dang] t ! curd w become too dry1 dra9+ %\ld /op :5 ! :ey ceases to fl[ 9 a /eady /ream4 ,illu/ration3 ,press+ ! curd 8,! curd is !n empti$ f ! bag & work$ ) a spoon or a butt] paddle until x becomes f9e 9 gra91 smoo?1 & ( ! consi/5cy ( ma%$ potatoes4 ,s\r or sweet cream may be add$ to increase ! smoo?ness & palatability & improve ! flavor4 ,!n ! *eese is salt$ accord+ to ta/e1 ab\t "o teaspoonful to a p\nd ( curd4 8,because ( ! ease ) :i* ! *eese c be made x is desirable to make x (t5 s t x may be eat5 fre%1 al?\gh if x is kept cold x w n spoil = sev]al days4 ,if ! *eese is n to be eat5 promptly x %\ld be /or$ 9 an e>!nw>e or glass vessel r ?an 9 "o ( t9 or wood1 & kept 9 a cold place40 ,illu/ration3 ,app>atus ne$$ 9 mak+ cottage *eese ,mak+ ,cottage ,*eese ) ,r5net4--,9 ! bullet9 m5tion$ a me?od is also giv5 = mak+ ! *eese ) r5net or peps94 ,junket ,tablets make a conv5i5t =m ( r5net to be us$ = ?is purpose4 ,! advantages claim$ = ?is me?od are3 #a4 ,a f9] textur$ & m uni=m *eese4 #b4 ,! mak+ requires less "t & att5tion4 #c4 ,losses ( fat 9 ! :ey are r$uc$4 ,! process is ! same z describ$ above except t a solution ( ,junket ,tablets is add$ to ! milk at ! rate ( "o tablet to #ajj lbs4 ( milk4 ,= less milk use a fraction ( a tablet1 or dissolve "o tablet 9 t5 tablespoonfuls ( wat] & use "o spoonful ( ! solution = ea* #aj lbs4 ( milk4 ,if a />t] is us$ ! r5net solution is add$ imm$iately aft] ! />t] is put 92 if no />t] is us$ ! milk is left = five or six h\rs at #hj ,f4 to rip5 be=e add+ ! r5net4 ,! milk w curdle ov]night4 ,aft] dra9+ = ?irty m9utes on cotton %eet+ ! ends ( ! clo? are ti$ toge!r & a weight is plac$ on top to press ! curd g5tly until ! desir$ consi/5cy is atta9$4 ,salt may be work$ 9 at ! rate ( #b ounces to #aj lbs4 ( curd4 ,if desir$1 add sweet or s\r cream at ! rate ( p9t to #aj lbs4 ( curd or p9t ( cream to ! product f #cj lbs4 ( milk4 ,x w be se5 t ,cottage *eese made ) r5net is really ! same z ,neuf*atel *eese1 ! only diff]5ce be+ 9 ! =m & pack+ or wrapp+ ( ! f9i%$ *eese4 ,snappy ,*eese4--,by all[+ ! s\r skim milk curd to f]m5t "u c>eful regulation1 a v>iety ( %>p1 snappy1 m or less h>d *eese c be made4 ,?\gh !re is no g5]al dem& = !m1 "s k9ds are q popul> 9 _! own re/rict$ localities4 ,! ,dani% ,appetite *eese is only "o ( ! _m v>ieties :i* h z _m names4 ,club ,*eese & simil> v>ieties are made by gr9d+ up old dry *eese ) a little butt] & pack+ ! product 9 j>s or o!r attractive packages4 ,am]ican1 ,roque=t1 or any o!r well-kn[n type may be us$ z ! /ock = ^! *eeses4 ,ev]y:]e !y are favorites 9 d9+ c>s & lun* rooms4 ,illu/ration3 ,milk+ ! goat 9 ,norway ,:ey ,*eese4--,9 ,switz]l& ! s-call$ ,zieg] *eese is made f s\r :ey1 ! album9 be+ coagulat$ by heat &1 ) :atev] butt]-fat !re may be left 9 ! :ey1 skimm$ (f ! top4 ,9 ,norway ,myseo/ 78,o/0 is ,norwegian = *eese7 is made by boil+ d[n :ey almo/ to dryness4 ,if goat milk is available to mix 91 x improves ! *eese4 ,! ma9 sub/ance is sug> ( milk & ! *eese has a sweet1 syrupy flavor4 ,,milk ,,sug> ,! by-product1 sug> ( milk1 is produc$ by acidify+ ! :ey1 heat+ to boil+ & neutraliz+ ) lime until ! album9 is coagulat$4 ,x is !n filt]$ out & ! cl>ifi$ liquid is conc5trat$ 9 vacuum4 ,f ! ?ick syrup ! sug> is all[$ to cry/allize out1 leav+ ! salts or m9]al matt]s 7milk-a%7 9 ! rema9+ liquid4 ,! use ( milk-sug> is limit$ to m$ic9al purposes & = modify+ milk = infants4 ,! production is !re=e n v ext5sive4 ,,case9 ,9 a numb] ( cream]ies case9 is produc$ f skim milk by precipitat+ x ) an acid & dry+ & pulv]iz+ ! precipitate4 ,case9 is widely us$ z a sub/itute = ivory1 9 billi>d balls1 buttons1 etc4 ,x is also us$ z glue1 & z a b9d] 9 pa9ts4 ,,milk ,,p[d] ,! production & use ( dry milk has increas$ enorm\sly dur+ ! la/ few ye>s & ! processes ( manufacture h be5 improv$ well-nigh to p]fection4 ,!re are sev]al me?ods practic$1 ! mo/ important be+ ! foll[+3 ,! ,j-,hatmak]1 9 :i* a l>ge metal drum or cyl9d] revolves sl[ly 9 a tank ( milk4 ,! drum is heat$ by /eam inside &1 z x rolls out ( ! milk1 ! metal surface picks up a ?9 film ( milk :i* quickly dries & is remov$ by a scrap]4 ,! ,eck5b]g process employs vacuum evaporat+ pans1 l ^? us$ = mak+ cond5s$ milk & maple syrup4 ,! ,m]rell-,s\le ,company's me?od consi/s 9 driv+ a bla/ ( hot air into a f9e spray ( milk1 :i* at once r$uces ! milk to a f9e p[d]4 ,9 ! 8,economic0 process ! milk is dri$ by hot air ! same z 9 ! ,m]rell-,s\le me?od1 b 9 dropp+ ?r\gh a t[] f a height ( "s #cj feet ! milk meets sev]al bla/s ( air ( diff]5t temp]atures4 ,x is claim$ t 9 ?is way alone ri* milk & cream may be r$uc$ to a p[d] )\t injury to1 or *ange (1 ! orig9al fat globules4 ,skim ,milk ,p[d]4--,beautiful skim milk p[d]s are n[ made :i* dissolve p]fectly 9 wat]4 ,conta9+1 z !y d1 ! extremely n\ri%+ con/itu5ts ( ! fatless milk 9 a mo/ palatable =m1 !y c be us$ 9 bak+ & 9 _m food products to great advantage4 ,:ole ,milk ,p[d]4--,until rec5tly dri$ :ole milk 0 n produc$ ( good keep+ quality z ! butt]-fat _h a t5d5cy to become rancid be=e _m mon?s4 ,b improvem5ts are con/antly be+ made & milk p[d]s ( e degree ( ri*ness bid fair to take ! place ( fre% milk on bo>d %ips & 9 o!r places :]e milk mu/ be kept a long "t be=e be+ us$4 ,9 _m new food prep>ations ( value1 milk p[d] is fill+ a long-felt want4 ,dissolv$ 9 #h or #i times z mu* wat]1 milk p[d] makes a liquid almo/ id5tical ) pa/euriz$ fre% milk4 ,x has already be5 m5tion$ "u ! *apt] on 8,cream0 & "u 8,ice ,cream0 h[ skim milk p[d] & unsalt$ butt]1 emulsifi$ 9 a suitable am\nt ( wat] or milk1 make an excell5t mat]ial = ice cream4 ,,cond5s$ ,,& ,,evaporat$ ,,milk ,milk _c be boil$ d[n 9 a common op5 kettle or /eam boil] )\t be+ scor*$4 ,evaporat+ or cond5s+ is !re=e usually done 9 a vacuum pan at a l[ temp]ature4 ,cond5s$ to "o-?ird ( its volume & exclud$ f ! air by cann+1 milk w keep well = mon?s1 & has _m uses z a sub/itute = fre% milk4 ,(t5 sug> is add$ z a pres]vative1 & :]e sug> w\ld be add$ anyway1 z 9 c(fee1 ice cream1 etc41 ?is is unobjectionable4 ,= purposes :]e sug> is n want$1 unsweet5$ cond5s$ or evaporat$ milk is on ! m>ket1 s c>efully made t ! ta/e ( ! orig9al milk is h>dly *ang$ at all by ! process4 ,:5 wat] is add$ 9 ! proportion ( two p>ts ( wat] to "o ( ! evaporat$ milk1 ! fluid obta9$ excels ev5 t f milk p[d] 9 its resemblance to fre% milk4 ,,:ey ,:ey is a by-product 9 *eesemak+4 ,usually x is f$ to hogs & especially toge!r ) gra9 or bran x makes an excell5t food = !m4 ,b :ey is also prep>$ = human food4 ,9 ! hospital or 9 ! home x s]ves z a sub/itute = milk :5 a mild diet ( easily dige/$ food is tempor>ily requir$ = a weak /oma*4 ,= su* purposes x mu/ n be all[$ to become acid z 9 *eesemak+1 b %\ld be prep>$ z ! *ief product f sweet new milk or fre%ly sep>at$ skim milk4 ,! sweet milk is set ) r5net--"o ,junket ,tablet1 dissolv$ 9 cold wat]1 to a qu>t ( milk--at a temp]ature ( #ij to #ajj ,f4 ,z soon z a firm curd is =m$ x is c>efully brok5 up & transf]r$ to a /ra9] ( *eese-clo?4 ,unless x is to be us$ at once1 ! :ey /ra9$ (f %\ld be imm$iately cool$ to #ej or l[]4 ,if left at a high] temp]ature x w soon become s\r4 ,a teaspoonful ( limewat] to a qu>t1 or a p9* ( soda1 w help to keep x sweet4 ,/ill1 9 any ev5t1 x %\ld n be kept long1 b prep>$ fre% :5 requir$4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,milk ,,z ,a ,,food ,milk is fir/ ( all ! food = ! "y1--until a c]ta9 age ! only food1 & a p]fect food4 ,x conta9s b little refuse or wa/e & is "u favorable conditions almo/ :olly dige/ible4 ,,nutri5ts ,all foods conta9 c]ta9 gr\ps ( nutri5ts :i* may be classifi$ accord+ to v>i\s functions 9 nutrition & _! *emical composition4 ,prote94--,! prote9 gr\p ( nutri5ts conta9s nitrog5 & is necess>y = build+ up ! tissues ( ! body1 ! muscles & ! t5dons :i* also conta9 nitrog54 ,only by ?is gr\p c tissues wa/$ by con/ant we> & te> be rebuilt4 ,prote9s are ! fle%-=m+ gr\p4 ,to "s degree ! prote9s or album9oids are also active 9 produc+ fat 9 ! body1 b ! o!r gr\ps ( nutri5ts1 especially ! fats1 also contribute4 ,fats & ,c>bohydrates4--,ano!r important function ( food is to produce & ma9ta9 ! animal heat4 ,! ma9 s\rces ( ?is necessity are ! fats & ! c>bohydrates1 s call$ because !y consi/ ( ! elem5t c>bon comb9$ ) oxyg5 & hydrog51 ! la/ two 9 ! exact proportion 9 :i* !y are comb9$ 9 wat]4 ,all ( ^! ?ree gr\ps furni% ! fuel1 s to speak1 = ! body1 b !y are n equal 9 ?is respect4 ,p\nd = p\nd1 :5 burn$ 9 ! body1 ! fats yield #b times z mu* heat z prote9 or ! c>bohydrates4 ,m9]al ,matt]s4--,f9ally !re are 9 all foods ! m9]al matt]s1 a gr\p conta9+ a numb] ( salts :i* are indisp5sable because !y are con/itu5ts ( e "p ( ! body4 ,phosphate ( lime1 = in/ance1 makes up "o-half ( ! sub/ance ( ! bones1 & ! sulphates & *lorides ( pota% & soda1 iron1 etc41 are ev]y:]e pres5t 9 small] quantities4 ,no food 9 :i* any ( !m is lack+ is complete4 ,relation4--,! value ( a food dep5ds l>gely ^u ! relation ( "o gr\p ( nutri5ts to ano!r4 ,prop] nutrition c only be obta9$ :5 a suffici5t am\nt ( fle%-=m+ z well z ( heat-produc+ nutri5ts are pres5t1 :5 ! 8nutritive ratio0 is prop]ly balanc$ = ! p>ticul> purpose 9 view1 be x ! gr[? ( ! *ild1 ! ma9t5ance ( ! body1 ! re/oration ( matt] consum$ by labor ( body or bra91 or ! supply ( heat to make up = cold surr\nd+s4 ,milk conta9s all ( ^! gr\ps ( nutri5ts4 ,! prote9 is repres5t$ 9 milk by ! case9 & album91 ! fats by ! butt]-fat1 ! c>bohydrates by milk-sug>1 & ! m9]al matt]s by ! milk-a%4 ,human milk conta9s !m 9 a p]fect proportion = infants1 & = all purposes ( nutrition c['s milk may be us$ to make up a 8balanc$ ration10 if n alone1 !n 9 connection ) o!r food4 ,nutritive ,ratio4--,z we said be=e1 ! 8nutritive ratio0 ( a food means ! ratio ( its fle%-=m+ con/itu5ts--prote9s--to its heat-produc+ nutri5ts--c>bohydrates & fats4 ,c['s milk1 conta9+ #c4be prote91 #d fat & #e milk-sug>1 has a nutritive ratio ( #a 3 #d4c1 i4 e41 #a "p ( prote9 to #d4c p>ts ( heat-giv+ nutri5ts1 c\nt+ ! fat equal to #b ( c>bohydrates 7multiply+ ! #d fat by #b makes #i1 add$ to ! #e ( sug>1 makes #ad2 #c4be to #ad equals #a to #d4c74 ,skim milk1 conta9+ #c4d prote91 #j4b fat1 & #e4a sug>1 has a ratio ( #a 3 #a4f 7#c4d 3 #e4de74 ,"m's milk1 conta9+ #b prote91 #d fat1 & #f4e c>bohydrates1 has a ratio ( #a 3 #g4ge4 ,to sub/itute c['s milk = "m's1 x mu/ !re=e be 8modifi$40 ,calories4--,ano!r way ( comp>+ v>i\s foods ?an by ! nutritive ratio is by measur+ _! 8fuel value0 or en]gy-produc+ capacity4 ,! am\nt ( heat requir$ to raise ! temp]ature ( "o kilogram ( wat] #a ,c41 or "o p\nd #d ,f41 is call$ a calorie4 ,by ext5sive fe$+ exp]im5ts ! caloric value ( ! v>i\s nutri5t gr\ps has be5 e/imat$ z foll[s3 ,prote9 at #ahbj calories p] p\nd#i ,fats at #djdj calories p] p\nd ,c>bohydrates at #ahbj calories p] p\nd ,measur$ by ?is rule ! fuel value (3 ,:ole milk is #caj calories p] p\nd ,skim milk is #afj calories p] p\nd ,full cream #ahhe calories p] *eese is p\nd ,butt] is #cdaj calories p] p\nd ,comp>$ ) o!r food1 milk1 al?\gh n suit$ to act z ! sole food ( adults1 is "o ( ! be/ & *eape/ articles ( diet1 & %\ld be mu* m ext5sively us$4 ,! foll[+ table1 compil$ by speciali/s ( ! ,u4 ,s4 ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture1 %[s ! quantities ( v>i\s foods ne$$ to supply z mu* prote9 or en]gy z #a qu>t ( milk3 ,prote9 ,en]gy #a qu>t ( milk is equal to--#a qu>t ( milk is equal to-- #g ounces ( sirlo9 /eak #aa4c ounces ( sirlo9 #f ounces ( r\nd /eak /eak #d4c eggs #ad4i ounces ( r\nd /eak #h4f ounces ( f[l #i eggs #ad4e ounces ( f[l ,ano!r me?od ( comp>ison is %[n by ! table bel[1 9 :i* ! relative value ( c]ta9 foods z economical s\rces ( prote9 is giv53 ,is z *eap z ,milk at-- sirlo9 /eak at-- ,or eggs at-- #g c5ts a qu>t #af4c c5ts a p\nd#ag4f c5ts a doz5 #h c5ts a qu>t #ah4f c5ts a p\nd#bj4a c5ts a doz5 #i c5ts a qu>t #ba4j c5ts a p\nd#bb4f c5ts a doz5 #aj c5ts a qu>t#bc4c c5ts a p\nd#be4a c5ts a doz5 #ab c5ts a qu>t#bg4i c5ts a p\nd#cj4b c5ts a doz5 #ae c5ts a qu>t#cd4i c5ts a p\nd#cg4g c5ts a doz5 ,accord+ to ?is table1 if milk is sell+ at #aj c5ts a qu>t1 sirlo9 /eak mu/ sell z l[ z #bc4c c5ts a p\nd1 & eggs at #be4a c5ts a doz5 to supply prote9 at equal co/4 ,to ,supply ,en]gy at ,equal ,co/ ,sirlo9 /eak ,:5 milk is-- mu/ n ,& eggs n be m ?an-- m ?an-- #g c5ts a qu>t #i4i c5ts a p\nd #i4c c5ts a doz5 #h c5ts a qu>t #aa4c c5ts a p\nd#aj4f c5ts a doz5 #i c5ts a qu>t #ab4h c5ts a p\nd#aa4i c5ts a doz5 #aj c5ts a qu>t#ad4b c5ts a p\nd#ac4b c5ts a doz5 #ab c5ts a qu>t#ag4j c5ts a p\nd#ae4i c5ts a doz5 #ae c5ts a qu>t#ba4c c5ts a p\nd#ai4h c5ts a doz5 ,fallacy ( ,!oretical ,valuation4--,:ile ! cont5ts ( prote9 & ! ratio betwe5 dige/ible prote9 & fats & c>bohydrates on "o h&1 & ! fuel or en]gy value on ! o!r1 h long be5 ! only recogniz$ measures = food values1 !y are admitt$ly q inadequate & insuffici5t & al?\gh !y are a great help :5 us$ ) discrim9ation 9 mak+ up food rations1 !y are (t5 abus$ by p]sons :o d n take _! fallacies into consid]ation4 ,illu/ration3 ,dr4 ,e4 ,v4 ,mc,collum 8,some?+ ,unkn[n40--,rec5t inve/igations by ,dr4 ,f4 ,g4 ,hopk9s1 ( ,cambridge1 ,engl&1 & ,dr4 ,e4 ,v4 ,mc,collum1 =m]ly ( ,wiscons91 n[ ( ! ,johns ,hopk9s ,univ]sity1 h prov5 conclusively t "o food +r$i5t _c always be sub/itut$ = ano!r ) impunity ev5 ?\gh ! mo/ se>*+ *emical analysis %[s !m bo? alike 9 cont5ts & dige/ibility4 ,!re is 8,some?+ ,unkn[n0 9 c]ta9 foods--8,vitam9es0 "s call x--ess5tial especially 9 promot+ ! gr[? ( ! "y1 :i* our pres5t k ( *emi/ry _c expla94 ,9 ,bullet9 ,no4 #ag ( ! ,wiscons9 ,exp]im5t ,/ation exp]im5ts ) ! fe$+ ( rats are describ$ :i* %[ h[ butt]-fat c\ld n be replac$ 9 ! ration by vegetable fats ( app>5tly ! same composition & dige/ibility )\t disa/r\s results1 & simil> conditions h be5 f\nd 9 reg>d to o!r food/uffs1 prote9s z well z fats4 ,! yolk ( eggs & butt]-fat conta9 ?is unkn[n some?+ :i* is absolutely ess5tial = ! gr[? ( ! *ild & :i* is miss+ 9 mo/ sub/itutes1 especially 9 l>d & vegetable fats4 ,illu/ration3 ,! rat on ! left got five p] c5t ( cottonse$ oil & ! "o on ! "r got in/ead "o & a half p] c5t ( butt]-fat1 o!rwise _! rations 7 alike4 ,^! results are typical = any ration made up ( purifi$ food/uffs ) butt]-fat 9 !m z comp>$ ) any fat ( plant orig94 ,! plant fats lack an unkn[n some?+ )\t :i* gr[? _c proce$4 ,! above illu/ration is f ! "w ( ,mc,collum & ,davis at ! ,wiscons9 ,exp]im5t ,/ation4 ,realiz+ ! fallacy ( ! old rules = mak+ up rations = ! fe$+ ( f>m animals1 ,pr(essor ,evv>d ( ,i[a is try+ ! reliability ( ! in/9cts ( animals z a guide to ! prop] selection ( ! mo/ favorable comb9ations & proportions ( food +r$i5ts4#aj ,we m5tion ^! exp]im5ts z a w>n+ aga9/ plac+ too great reliance on ! caloric !ory or ! relation ( nutri5ts 9 mak+ up food rations4 ,we h yet mu* to le>n & ! good h\sewife try+ to cook accord+ to sci5tific rules w d well n to neglect ! palatability ( ! food1 b to wat* ! 8in/9ct0 :i* causes ! *ild or ! adult to reject or approve (1 & enjoy1 ! food1 :i* 9 mo/ cases is a bett] guide ?an calories or prote9 cont5ts1 or ! ration betwe5 ! v>i\s gr\ps ( nutri5ts4 ,,c>e ,,( ,,milk ,,9 ,,! ,,home ,if receiv$ fre% & w>m f ! c[1 milk %\ld at once be /ra9$ ?r\gh absorb5t cotton or sev]al ?icknesses ( *eese-clo? into wide-m\!d bottles or glass j>s & plac$ 9 runn+ wat] or ice wat] to cool z quickly z possible4 ,if obta9$ f ! milkman x may be left 9 ! bottle 9 :i* x is receiv$4 ,! practice ( deliv]+ milk 8loose10 dipp+ x f ! wagon1 %\ld n be p]mitt$1 & is fa/ be+ aboli%$4 ,public safety dem&s t x %\ld be bottl$ on ! f>m or 9 ! cream]y or milk /ation "u sanit>y conditions4 ,keep ! ,milk ,cool4--,if ! milk :5 deliv]$ at ! h\se is n cold en\gh to keep sweet z long z desir$1 x %\ld1 we repeat1 be plac$ 9 ice wat] or cold runn+ wat] until ?or\ghly cool$4 ,ev5 if ! air is cold1 9 ! ice box1 = in/ance1 ! milk _c be cool$ quickly en\gh )\t wat]4 ,aft] x has be5 cool$ 9 wat] x may be put 9 ! ice box4 ,9 mo/ ice boxes ! temp]ature is all[$ to rise high] ?an is g5]ally suppos$1 & x is bett] to keep ! milk bottle next to ! ice ?an 9 ! food comp>tm5ts4 ,illu/ration3 ,a clean ice box ,milk & cream easily absorb flavors f ! air & %\ld n be kept 9 op5 vessels next to o!r food4 ,any h\sekeep] kn[s h[ quickly milk or cream w be ta9t$ by /&+ 9 ! same comp>tm5t ) onions or muskmelons2 if ! bottle is n cov]$1 milk may also be contam9at$ by o!r less noticeable b m h>mful vapors f ne>by products4 ,let ! milkman furni% y ) "s extra milk bottle caps1 or cov] y\r milk bottle ) an inv]t$ tumbl]4 ,z has be5 %[n 9 previ\s *apt]s1 milk is a favorable soil = all sorts ( g]ms & bact]ia to gr[ 94 ,x mu/ !re=e be kept f contam9ation ) ! utmo/ c>e1 & ev]y?+ t comes 9 contact ) x mu/ be scrupul\sly clean4 ,top-,milk4--,:5 ! milk has be5 /&+ at re/ ?ree or f\r h\rs1 ! top-milk w be consid]ably ri*] ?an ! re/4 ,if su* ri* milk is want$ = any p>ticul> purpose x may be p\r$ (f1 to be eat5 ) c]eals1 b]ries1 etc4 ,9 twelve h\rs mo/ ( ! cream w rise & may be skimm$ (f1 al?\gh ?irty-six or ev5 =ty-eight h\rs may be requir$ to get all t c be obta9$ by sett+4 ,! half-skimm$ milk left :5 ! top-milk has be5 remov$ aft] #c to #f h\rs' sett+ w /ill conta9 #b or m ( butt]-fat & is v good = dr9k+2 ev5 ! skim milk f :i* ! cream has be5 tak5 aft] #ab h\rs' sett+ is /ill an excell5t bev]age1 provid$ x is sweet4 ,p]fectly skimm$1 almo/ entirely fatless1 milk may be us$ 9 v>i\s ways 9 cook+1 to make up = lack ( prote9 9 _m o!r food products4 ,b c>e mu/ be tak5 t x is pure & sweet1 or r1 its condition1 sweet or s\r1 mu/ be "u ! p]fect control ( ! h\sekeep]4 ,if a sample ( milk w /& scald+ or ev5 boil+ )\t curdl+1 x is usually fre% & 9 good condition = any use4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if x curdles by scald+1 x is beyond control & x may or may n make good s\r milk1 dep5d+ on ! bact]ia work+ 9 x4 ,,milk ,,= ,,infants ,illu/ration ,comp>+ c['s milk ) "m's milk1 x w be se5 t ! latt] conta9s less prote91 ab\t ! same p]c5tage ( fat & m c>bohydrates ?an ! =m]4 ,a comp>ison may be made f ! foll[+ table ( av]age composition 9 r\nd figures3 ,fuel ,wat] ,total ,prote9 ,fat ,milk- ,m9]al value solids sug> matt]sp] lb4 ,p] ,p] ,p] ,p] ,p] ,p] ,calories c5t c5t c5t c5t c5t c5t ,"m's ,milk #hg #ac #b #d #f4e #j4e #caf ,c['s ,milk #hg #ac #c4be #d #e #j4ge #cab ,modify+ ,milk4--,undilut$ c['s milk is too ri* 9 prote9 & 9 salts = infants &1 :5 f$ )\t modification1 mu/ be dilut$ ) an equal am\nt ( wat] dur+ ! fir/ two or ?ree mon?s4 ,su* dilution1 h[ev]1 also r$uces ! p]c5tage ( fat1 :i* %\ld rema9 ! same1 & ( c>bohydrates1 :i* %\ld be increas$4 ,9 ord] to modify or 8humanize0 c['s milk s z to make its composition ne>ly ! same z t ( "m's milk1 simple dilution ) wat] is !re=e n suffici5t4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 v>i\s o!r me?ods :i* may be us$ to advantage4 ,= in/ance1 top-milk f a bottle ( fre% milk :i* has /ood #d or #f h\rs 9 ice wat] w conta9 #f to #h ( fat4 ,by dilut+ ?is ) an equal "p ( wat]1 ! p]c5tage ( prote91 fat & m9]al matt] w be ab\t "r1 & sug>1 ei!r cane-sug> or milk-sug>1 may be add$ to supply ! c>bohydrates4 ,or c>efully prep>$ sweet :ey conta9+ milk-sug>1 or b>ley wat]1 may be add$ to ! ?9 cream 9 place ( "s ( ! pure wat]4 ,! foll[+ recipes h be5 us$ ) good results3 ,mrs4 ,pospyhala's ,recipe ,infant ,food4--,w>m #a qu>ts ( milk to blood heat4 ,remove f fire & add "o ,junket ,tablet dissolv$ 9 a spoonful ( cold wat]4 ,let ! milk set until x =ms a solid mass1 !n /ir x up 9 ord] to break ! curd4 ,place x back on ! fire & /ir until q smoo?1 n all[+ x to get any w>m] ?an blood heat4 ,x is !n ready to /ra9 ?r\gh two ?icknesses ( *eese-clo? & c>e mu/ be tak5 to squeeze well s z to obta9 z mu* ( ! :ey z possible1 :i* is v important4 ,add "o tablespoonful ( sug> to sweet54 ,p\r into nurs+ bottles1 ! am\nt be+ accord+ to ! age ( ! baby4 ,a suffici5t numb] ( bottles are prep>$ = #bd h\rs' fe$+4 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 to keep ! milk 9 a cool place z x w s\r ! same z fre% milk4 ,e "t ! baby is f$ ! milk mu/ be w>m$ by plac+ ! bottle 9 a pan ( wat] & heat+ to ! "r temp]ature4 ,mrs4 ,ror]'s ,recipe ,:]e c['s milk1 ev5 :5 dilut$1 or p>tly modifi$ z 9 ! home fa%ion1 disagrees ) ! infant1 ?is mixture may be us$ ) good results3 heat two qu>ts ( milk to #ajj ,f4 ,add two ,junket ,tablets dissolv$ 9 a tablespoonful ( cold wat]4 ,:5 ! milk is congeal$ & p]fectly solid draw ?r\gh x backw>d & =w>d an ord9>y f\r-t9$ silv] =k2 ?is w sep>ate ! curd4 ,/ra9 ?r\gh two ?icknesses ( *eese-clo?1 sav+ ! :ey z ?is is ! "p y are to use2 add a p9t ( wat]1 a half ounce ( sug> ( milk1 ?ree ounces ( cream & f\r ounces ( ! :ite ( egg4 ,! :ites may be dropp$ into a qu>t fruit j>1 a p9t ( ! :ey add$1 ! top screw$ on & ! j> ?or\ghly %ak5 until ! :ites are well mix$ ) ! :ey2 !n add !m to ! rema9+ quantity & /& at once 9 a v cold place4 ,?is w be giv5 9 quantities f two to ?ree ounces 9 an ord9>y nurs+ bottle4 ,,recipes ( ! ,na?an ,/raus ,laboratories ,=mula by ,dr4 ,a4 ,r4 ,gre5 = #a/ to #d? week3-- ounces ( #af ,cream #c ounces ( ,full ,milk #ai ounces ( ,wat] #a ounces ,milk ,sug> ,?is mixture fills #h bottles--ea* to conta9 #c ounces4 ,fe$ #b h\rs ap>t4 ,=mula by ,pr(4 ,a4 ,jacobi = #c;d to #g? mon?3-- #ah ounces ( ,full ,milk #ah ounces ( ,b>ley ,wat] #a ounces ( ,cane ,sug> #bj gra9s ( ,table ,salt 7less ?an teaspoonful7 ,?is mixture fills #f bottles--ea* to conta9 #f ounces4 ,fe$ #c h\rs ap>t4 ,=mula by ,pr(4 ,r4 ,g4 ,freeman = #a/ to #c;d mon?3-- #a ounces ( #af ,cream #c ounces ( ,full ,milk #ac ounces ( ,wat] ounce ,lime ,wat] #a ounce ,milk-,sug> ,?is mixture fills #f bottles--ea* to conta9 #c ounces4 ,fe$ #c h\rs ap>t4 ,=mula by ,dr4 ,a4 ,f4 ,hess = #g? to #i? mon?3-- #bb ounces ( ,full ,milk #g ounces ( ,oat or ,b>ley ,wat] #a ounces ( ,cane ,sug> #cj gra9s ( ,table ,salt 7ab\t teaspoonful7 ,?is mixture fills #e bottles--ea* to conta9 #f ounces4 ,fe$ #c h\rs ap>t4 ,=mula by ,pr(4 ,r4 ,g4 ,freeman = #b;d to #f? mon?3-- #ah ounces ( ,full ,milk #af ounces ( ,wat] #a ounces ( ,limewat] #a ounces ( ,milk ,sug> ,?is mixture fills #f bottles--ea* to conta9 #f ounces4 ,fe$ #c h\rs ap>t4 ,aft] #i? mon?3-- ,full pa/euriz$ milk1 #h ounces e #d h\rs4 ,:5 ! modifi$ milk c be obta9$ f a dairy laboratory :]e x is prep>$ ) sci5tific c>e & accuracy1 x is bett] to use x ?an to dep5d on home-made prep>ations1 & 9 _m cases a doctor's prescription may be necess>y4 ,ev5 if ! modifi$ c['s milk is prep>$ s z to conta9 app>5tly ! same proportion ( ! v>i\s gr\ps ( nutri5ts z "m's milk1 !re may /ill be "s ess5tial diff]5ce4 ,= in/ance1 ! prote9 9 human milk consi/s ma9ly ( album91 :ile t ( c['s milk is mo/ly case94 ,x is (t5 a "q :e!r ! individual baby c dige/ ! case9 )\t tr\ble4 ,a trifle ( r5net f]m5t1--a fraction ( a ,junket ,tablet1--add$ to ! modifi$ c['s milk j be=e fe$+ may be b5eficial to ov]come t defect4 ,a little limewat] also is heal?ful z x neutralizes any acid t may develop 9 ! mixture4 ,= ! p>ticul> ne$s ( ! individual baby1 a compet5t doctor %\ld be ask$ to prescribe4 ,,milk ,,= ,,gr[+ ,,*ildr5 ,illu/ration ,:5 ! *ild is big en\gh to ?rive on undilut$1 unmodifi$ c['s milk1 x %\ld n only be all[$1 b urg$1 to cont9ue on a diet 9 :i* ?is1 ! be/ ( all foods1 is ! mo/ ess5tial "p4 ,an excell5t =m 9 :i* to fe$ milk to ! gr[+ *ild is junket4 ,eat5 sl[ly ) a spoon z a pudd+1 x is expos$ to ! action ( dige/ion mu* bett] ?an milk swall[$ by ! glassful 9 a hurry & ev5 if x is cold !re is no dang] ( defective r5net action 9 ! /oma* because su* action has already tak5 place4 ,doctors /ill disagree z to ! desirability ( pa/euriz+ milk = "y *ildr5 7see 8,pa/eurization10 ,*apt] ,i71 "s hold+ t ! dige/ibility is affect$ by ! process4 ,! tru? is probably t /rong pa/eurization at a temp]ature above #aeg & hold+ ! heat$ milk unnecess>ily long at su* high temp]ature d *ange ! prop]ties ( ! milk s z to make x h>d] to dige/1 b t ! ma9 difficulty is 9 ! *ange ( diet f raw to pa/euriz$ milk or vice v]sa4 ,let ! *ild get us$ to ! *ange by mak+ x gradual1 dim9i%+ ! am\nt ( "o & increas+ ! am\nt ( ! o!r f day to day 9 a week1 until ! *ange is complet$1 & !re w usually be little if any tr\ble4 ,! secretions ( dige/ive f]m5ts 9 ! /oma* soon adapt !mselves to ! *ange 9 ! food4 ,! same holds good 9 case ( o!r *anges1 z1 = in/ance1 f :ole milk to m or less fatless milk1 ) additions ( c]eals or o!r p>tial sub/itutes2--x is always advisable to make any *ange 9 ! *ild's diet gradual4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,*apt] ,v ,,milk ,,cook]y ,milk %\ld also be us$ a great deal m ?an x is by gr[n p]sons1 n only z a dr9k b 9 ! daily cook]y4 ,9 "s homes milk 9 "s =m is a "p ( e m5u & ! meals are m delici\s1 attractive & n\ri%+ ?an ! ord9>y milkless diet1 & are also less exp5sive1 z ! milk takes ! place ( "p ( ! meat4 ,dr4 ,graham ,tusk ( ,cornell ,univ]sity1 :o repres5t$ ! ,unit$ ,/ates on ! ,int]alli$ ,c\ncil ( ,alim5tation1 says3 8,no family ( five %\ld sp5d any money = meat until ?ree qu>ts ( milk h be5 pur*as$1 & ?is %\ld be done ev5 ?\gh ! price ( milk %\ld g to tw5ty c5ts a qu>t4 ,absolutely no?+ 9 ! food l9e w keep *ildr5 s heal?y z _! daily supply ( milk40 ,9 cook+ ) milk x is well to rememb]3 #a4 ,t1 al?\gh milk is a liquid1 x conta9s a l>ge am\nt ( solid food & ( exce$+ly n\ri%+1 palatable & easily dige/ible food1 mu* m ?an _m vegetables or fruits4 ,:ile milk has #ac ( solid matt]1 wat]-melon has only #b1 turnips #d1 beets #ab1 etc4 ,:5 sub/itut+ milk = wat]1 y add n\ri%m5t to ! food & x is well to keep 9 m9d ! +r$i5ts1--! am\nt ( prote91 fat1 etc41 add$ 9 ! =m ( milk1 :i* may take ! place ( o!r simil> +r$i5ts 9 ! comb9ation4 #b4 ,t if milk is ev5 b slightly s\r1 or if "s o!r acid is add$ to x1--9 ! =m ( fruit1 = in/ance1--x is apt to curdle by scald+ or boil+4 ,! limits ( a s+le *apt] d n all[ _m recipes to be giv51 b a few are furni%$ "u ea* ( ! sev]al k9ds ( milk di%es1 & a clev] dome/ic sci5ce pupil or ! ord9>y good h\sekeep] & cook c easily add to ^! recipes indef9itely1 by foll[+ out ! simple sugge/ions (f]$4 ,all measurem5ts are level4 ,,s\ps ,cream ,s\ps4--,s-call$ cream s\ps may be made ) or )\t ! addition ( meat /ock4 ,= example3 ,asp>agus ,s\p #c cups veal or *ick5 bro? #a c asp>agus cup butt] cup fl\r #a qt4 scald$ milk ,salt & pepp] ,res]ve tips ( asp>agus4 ,add /alks to cold /ock1 boil fifte5 m9utes1 rub ?r\gh sieve1 ?ick5 ) butt] & fl\r cook$ toge!r1 add milk1 tips1 salt & pepp]4 ,if fre% asp>agus is us$1 cut "o bun* 9 small pieces1 boil 9 z little wat] z w cov]1 remove t\gh bits ( /alk1 add two cups /ock & proce$ z above4 ,cream ( ,cel]y ,s\p #c cups veal or *ick5 bro? #c cups cel]y cut 9 in* pieces #d cups milk ,yolks #b eggs cup cream ,salt & pepp] ,boil cel]y 9 bro? till t5d]4 ,rub ?r\gh sieve1 add milk1 br+ to ! boil+ po9t & add egg yolks beat5 & dilut$ ) cream4 ,sp9a* ,s\p #d cups bro? #b qts4 sp9a* #c cups boil+ wat] #b cups milk cup butt] cup fl\r ,salt & pepp] ,wa% ! sp9a* & cook ?irty m9utes 9 boil+ wat] to :i* teaspoon soda has be5 add$4 ,dra9 & *op f9e4 ,add /ock & butt] & fl\r cook$ toge!r1 milk & season+4 ,caulifl[]1 mu%rooms1 lettuce1 /r+ beans1 onions & o!r vegetables may be us$ = s\ps 9 ! same way4 ,9 all ( ^! recipes milk may be sub/itut$ = ! /ock4 ,! s\ps w be m n\ri%+1 _m l !m bett]1 & !y are m easily prep>$4 ,if cann$ vegetables are us$ !y may be add$ to ! ?ick5$ milk1 :i* %\ld be made 9 ! proportions ( "o qu>t ( milk to two tablespoons butt] or sub/itute & two tablespoons fl\r4 ,"o c ( beans1 peas1 asp>agus1 or corn1 may be add$ to ?ree p9ts ( ?ick5$ milk4 ,if fre% vegetables are us$1 !y %\ld be boil$ 9 z little wat] z possible & ?is wat] add$ ) ! vegetables to ! hot1 ?ick5$ milk4 ,! addition ( "o-half to "o cup ( cream to ^! s\ps improves _! ta/e b is n necess>y4 ,if ! cream is :ipp$ & add$ j be=e s]v+1 ! appe>ance is also mu* improv$4 ,! vegetables may be press$ ?r\gh a sieve or n1 z pref]r$4 ,if ! s\p is to be s]v$ 9 cups x is bett] to d ?is or *op ! vegetables v f9e1 b if ! s\p is to be s]v$ 9 s\p plates x looks attractive & is m sub/antial if ! vegetables are cut 9 in* pieces & left 9 ! s\p4 ,all cooks are famili> ) cornlet s\p1 tomato bisque1 & oy/] & clam /ews1 ! f\ndation ( :i* is also milk4 ,pl5ty ( good recipes = !m c be f\nd 9 any /&>d cook book4 ,c]eal ,cream ,s\ps4--,!re is ano!r class ( s\ps us$ mu* 9 ,europe b1 un=tunately1 little kn[n "h4 ,!y are v n\ri%+1 easy ( prep>ation1 & delici\s4 ,a few recipes w suffice to introduce ! h\sewife to ?is class ( s\ps & %e c !n easily add to ! v>ieties h]self4 ,h] family w enjoy ! new di%es = _! good ta/e & _! novelty4 ,cr\tons1 crack]s1 zwieback1 or toa/ may be s]v$ ) any ( !m4 ,!y %\ld always be prep>$ 9 a d\ble boil]4 ,rice ,s\p #a qt4 milk cup rice #a tablespoon butt] #a tablespoon sug> ,heat ! milk 9 a d\ble boil]1 add ! rice & cook two h\rs4 ,add sug> & butt]4 ,spr9kle c9namon on ea* plate ( s\p :5 s]v+4 ,sago ,s\p #a qt4 milk #d tablespoons sago #a tablespoon butt] #a egg yolk #b tablespoons sug> ,heat ! milk 9 a d\ble boil]1 add sago & cook "o-half h\r4 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 to /ir ! mixture (t5 :5 ! sago is fir/ add$ or x w lump4 ,add butt] & egg yolk beat5 ) sug>4 ,oatmeal ,s\p #a cup oat flakes #a p9t boil+ wat] #b tablespoons sug> #a p9t milk #a tablespoon butt] ,add oat flakes to wat] & boil "o-half h\r4 ,add milk & boil "o-half h\r1 add sug> & butt]4 ,f>9a or ,cream ( ,:eat ,s\p #c p9ts milk cup f>9a or cream ( :eat #a tablespoon butt] #a tablespoon sug> ,scald milk & add c]eal sl[ly4 ,cook "o h\r & add butt] & sug> & a spr9kl+ ( nutmeg4 ,milk ,*[d]s ,*[d]s are also a v acceptable way ( s]v+ milk4 ,= ri* *[d]s ! proportions us$ are3 ,two cups ( milk or ( milk & wat]1 #a cup ( potatoes cut into small pieces & #a p\nd ( fi%4 ,= flavor+ add an onion fri$ 9 two tablespoons ( fat tri$ out f salt pork4 ,:ile ^! proportions make a ri* di%1 x is possible to r$uce ! am\nt ( fi% greatly1 to leave x out entirely1 to use small portions ( left-ov] fi% or "s salt codfi% :i* has be5 fre%5$1 or to sub/itute corn = x4 ,su* di%es are palatable & ( reasonably high nutritive value1 provid+ ! great] "p ( ! liquid us$ is milk4 ,simil>1 b less ri* & ?ick1 is3 ,milk ,/ew #a qt4 ( milk #a cupful raw potatoes cut into small pieces #b tablespoonfuls ( butt] or bacon fat #a cupful ( codfi% cut into small pieces or j en\gh to flavor ! /ew ,soak ! fi% 9 lukew>m wat] until x is s(t & ! salt remov$4 ,cook ! potatoes 9 wat] until t5d]1 dra9 !m1 add ! milk & codfi%1 & br+ to ! boil+ po9t2 add ! butt] & salt to ta/e4 ,9 place ( ! codfi%1 fre% fi%1 clams1 oy/]s1 or a little *ipp$ beef may be us$4 ,or ! fi% may be omitt$ & ! s\p made savory & palatable by add+ a few drops ( onion juice1 or *eese or a vegetable cut into small pieces & cook$ ?or\ghly4 ,,milk ,,c]eals ,mo/ c]eals are bett] cook$ 9 milk ?an 9 wat] & ^? n famili> ) ?is me?od h no idea ( ! _m good di%es :i* !y c ?us easily provide = _! families4 ,c]eals s prep>$ make an especially good :olesome breakfa/ or supp] = s*ool *ildr5 & ! writ] has nev] se5 an adult1 :o1 on a cold night1 did n enjoy a di% ( rice1 or corn meal1 boil$ 9 milk & s]v$ ) cream & sug> = supp]4 ,milk c]eals mu/ always be cook$ 9 a d\ble boil] & ! milk mu/ be hot :5 ! c]eal is add$4 ,rice #a cup to #c cups milk1 boil #b h\rs ,cornmeal #a cup to #d cups milk1 boil #a to #b h\rs ,f9e ,hom9y #a cup to #d cups milk1 boil #a h\r ,cream ( ,:eat #a cup to #d cups milk1 boil #a h\r ,f>9a #a cup to #d cups milk1 boil #a h\r ,cream ( ,:eat or ,f>9a ,pudd+ is also delici\s4 ,x is prep>$ 9 ! same way1 b cup ( c]eal only is add$ to #a qu>t hot milk4 ,j be=e s]v+1 a teaspoonful ( vanilla is add$1 & two beat5 eggs are fold$ 94 ,x is eat5 ) cream1 or milk1 & sug>1 or ) maple syrup4 ,,lun*eon ,,& ,,supp] ,,di%es ,di%es prep>$ pr9cipally ( milk1 ) ! addition ( ei!r eggs1 *eese1 meat1 or vegetables are p>ticul>ly adapt$ = lun*eon or supp] use4 ,"h aga9 a few /&>d recipes are giv5 :i* c be v>i$ to make any desir$ numb] ( good1 :olesome & delici\s di%es4 ,cream$ ,di%es4--,! same sauce may be us$ to cream cold *ick51 lamb1 veal1 *ipp$ beef1 & cold boil$ or bak$ fi%1 cann$ salmon1 lob/] or %rimps1 accord+ to ! foll[+ recipe3 ,cream$ ,*ick5 #b cups cold cook$ *ick5 cut into dice #c tablespoons butt] #c tablespoons fl\r #a cups milk ,salt & pepp] ,melt butt] & add ! fl\r & milk4 ,br+ to ! boil+ po9t & add dic$ *ick54 ,season ) salt & pepp]4 ,_m grate a small onion into ! sauce be=e add+ ! *ick54 ,! writ] does n favor indiscrim9ate use ( onion z x t5ds to make all di%es ta/e alike4 ,x seems bett] to use sometimes a little cel]y or cel]y salt1 sometimes an onion1 & aga9 frequ5tly no flavor b ! *ick5 or meat or fi%4 ,"o's cook+ is ?us m di/9ctive & v>i$4 ,if ! cream$ mixture is turn$ into a bak+ di%1 cov]$ ) butt]$ bread or crack] crumbs & br[n$ 9 ! ov51 ! result is ev5 m pleas+4 ,su* a sauce flavor$ ) *eese makes a good & v nutriti\s gravy to p\r ov] caulifl[] & cabbage or to s]ve ) boil$ rice or hom9y or p\r$ ov] toa/4 ,,cream$ ,,vegetables ,9 cream+ vegetables ! proportion is usually #a cup ( sauce to #b cups ( vegetables4 ,potatoes1 asp>agus1 caulifl[]1 boil$ onions1 beans1 & c>rots1 beets or peas are all delici\s s]v$ 9 ?is way4 ,eggs & ,asp>agus ,cream asp>agus4 ,arrange 9 a bak+ di%1 alt]nate lay]s ( ! asp>agus & slices ( h>d boil$ eggs4 ,cov] ) butt]$ crumbs & bake till crumbs are a delicate br[n4 ,s\ffles4--,s\ffles are always delightful1 & :ile _m consid] !m difficult to make !y are really v simple & if made correctly are always to be dep5d$ ^u4 ,!y %\ld1 h[ev]1 be eat5 at once :5 bak$4 ,salmon1 *ick51 lamb1 veal1 ham & *eese1 & also _m vegetables su* z asp>agus1 caulifl[] & peas may be prep>$ 9 ?is way4 ,elaborate recipes are (t5 giv51 b ! foll[+ is entirely suffici5t & always satisfactory3 #b cups *opp$ meat or vegetables cut f9e #b cups ?ick :ite sauce ,yolks ( #b eggs ,:ites ( #b eggs ,to ! meat or vegetables add :ite sauce 7#b tablespoons butt] & #c tablespoons fl\r to #a cup milk7 & beat5 yolks4 ,cool & add :ites beat5 /iff4 ,bake #cj m9utes 9 mod]ate ov54 ,?is makes a di% l>ge en\gh to s]ve f\r or five p]sons4 ,a simil> di%1 ,*eese ,fondu1 is also good1 & c /& long] ?an a s\ffle be=e s]v+4 ,*eese ,fondu #b cups milk #b cups m9c$ *eese #a cup bread crumbs #b eggs beat5 ,bake 9 a hot ov5 = tw5ty m9utes4 ,v>iations ( ?is di% are made by sub/itut+ "o cup m9c$ ham = "o cup ( ! *eese1 or by us+ two cups ( ham & omitt+ ! *eese altoge!r4 ,,milk ,,toa/ ,a v good way to s]ve milk toa/ is to toa/ bread ?or\ghly & to p\r hot milk ov] x at ! "t ( s]v+4 ,9 s]v+ milk toa/ 9 ?is way all ! di%es %\ld be kept v hot4 ,a heavy e>!nw>e pit*] may be us$ = s]v+ ! hot milk1 z x reta9s heat = a long "t4 ,,eggs ,,poa*$ ,,9 ,,milk ,eggs are mu* bett] poa*$ 9 milk ?an 9 wat]4 ,if s]v$ on toa/ ! hot milk may be p\r$ on ! egg if a s(t toa/ is desir$4 ,if n1 dip ! eggs out ( ! milk ) a p]=at$ spoon & lay on ! toa/ 9 ! usual way1 add+ salt & butt]4 ,,*eese ,,di%es ,,z ,,meat ,,sub/itutes ,meat is :olesome & reli%$ by mo/ p]sons1 yet x is n ess5tial to a well-balanc$ meal1 & !re are _m h\sekeep]s :o1 = "o reason or ano!r1 are int]e/$ 9 less5+ ! am\nt ( meat :i* !y provide or to sub/itute "s o!r foods = x4 ,*eese naturally sugge/s itself z a sub/itute = meat1 s9ce x is ri* 9 ! same k9ds ( nutri5ts :i* meat supplies1 is a /aple food ) :i* ev]yone is famili>1 & is "o :i* c be us$ 9 a great v>iety ( ways4 ,9 sub/itut+ *eese = meat1 pa9s %\ld be tak5 to s]ve di%es :i* are reli%$ by memb]s ( ! family4 ,a numb] ( recipes = di%es :i* are made ) *eese foll[3 ,*eese ,s\p #a qt4 milk #a onion grat$ #a blade mace #b tablespoons butt] #b tablespoons fl\r c4 grat$ *eese #b egg yolks #a teaspoon salt teaspoon :ite pepp] ,scald milk1 onion1 mace & pepp] pod4 ,melt butt] 9 saucepan1 bl5d fl\r ) melt$ butt]4 ,/ra9 milk & season+s & add gradually to fl\r mixture1 /irr+ all ! "t4 ,return to d\ble boil] to cook4 ,:5 creamy1 add ! *eese1 salt & pepp]1 /irr+ until *eese is melt$4 ,!n p\r ov] well-beat5 egg yolks1 /irr+ all ! "t4 ,:ip until fro?+ & s]ve4 ,delmonico ,potatoes ,arrange cream$ potatoes & grat$ *eese 9 alt]nate lay]s4 ,cov] ) butt]$ crumbs & bake till crumbs are br[n4 ,/uff$ ,potatoes ) ,*eese ,split hot bak$ potatoes l5g?wise & remove cont5ts )\t injur+ sk9 ( potato4 ,put potato ?r\gh ric] or ma%1 add salt & pepp] to ta/e & en\gh hot milk to make ( prop] consi/5cy4 ,beat until light1 refill ! sk91 pil+ up lightly4 ,spr9kle ?ickly ) grat$ *eese & reheat 9 ov5 until *eese is melt$ & a delicate br[n4 ,mac>oni ) ,*eese #a cup mac>oni #b qts4 boil+ salt$ wat] #b cups :ite sauce #a cup grat$ *eese #a cup butt]$ bread or crack] crumbs ,break mac>oni into "o-in* pieces4 ,cook 9 boil+ wat] until t5d]4 7,if mac>oni is put 9 a wire basket 9 kettle1 x w n /ick to ! kettle47 ,dra9 & run cold wat] ?r\gh x4 ,make sauce3 #b tablespoons butt] #b tablespoons fl\r #a teaspoon salt #b cups milk ,add *eese & mac>oni4 ,cov] ) crumbs & bake until crumbs are br[n4 ,rice ,bak$ ) ,*eese #a cup rice #b qts4 boil+ salt$ wat] lb4 grat$ *eese ,milk ,butt]$ crumbs 7bread or crack]7 ,add rice to boil+ wat]4 ,:5 t5d] dra91 cov] bottom ( butt]$ bak+ di%1 spr9kle ) grat$ *eese & a little paprika4 ,add alt]nate lay]s ( rice & *eese until di% is full4 ,add milk ne>ly to fill di%4 ,cov] ) crumbs & bake until milk is absorb$ & crumbs are br[n4 ,*eese ,s\ffle ) ,bread ,crumbs #a cup scald$ milk #a cup s(t1 /ale bread crumbs lb4 mild *eese1 cut 9 small pieces #a tablespoon butt] teaspoon salt #b egg yolks #b egg :ites ,mix milk1 bread crumbs1 *eese1 melt$ butt] & salt4 ,add yolks ( eggs beat5 until lemon color$4 ,cut & fold 9 :ites ( eggs beat5 until /iff4 ,p\r into a butt]$ bak+ di% & bake tw5ty m9utes 9 a mod]ate ov54 ,*eese ,s\ffle #b tablespoons butt] #c tablespoons fl\r cup scald$ milk teaspoon salt ,few gra9s cay5ne cup grat$ *eese ,yolks ( #c eggs ,:ites ( #c eggs ,melt ! butt] 9 a saucepan1 add ! fl\r & mix well2 add scald$ milk gradually & season+s2 cook two m9utes4 ,remove pan to back ( /ove & add *eese & well-beat5 yolks ( eggs4 ,set pan :]e mixture w cool4 ,:5 cold1 add ! :ites ( eggs beat5 until /iff & dry4 ,turn into a butt]$ bak+ di% & bake tw5ty m9utes 9 a sl[ ov54 ,s]ve ! mom5t x comes f ! ov54 ,engli% ,monkey #a cup bread crumbs #b cups milk #a cup grat$ *eese teaspoon salt teaspoon :ite pepp] or paprika #a egg #a tablespoon melt$ butt] ,scald milk 9 d\ble boil] & add bread crumbs to x4 ,!n add grat$ *eese1 melt$ butt] & season+s4 ,cook 9 d\ble boil] until *eese is melt$2 add ! slightly-beat5 egg gradually4 ,cook five m9utes & s]ve on dry toa/4 ,*eese ,omelette ,no4 #a #d eggs teaspoon salt ,few gra9s pepp] #d tablespoons hot wat] #a tablespoons butt] #a cup grat$ *eese ,beat yolks ( eggs ?or\ghly2 add salt1 pepp] & hot wat]4 ,beat :ites till /iff & dry2 add *eese & fold into fir/ mixture4 ,melt butt] 9 pan1 turn 9 mixture & cook sl[ly4 ,:5 well rais$ & a delicate br[n und]nea?1 place pan 9 hot ov5 to cook top4 ,fold & turn on hot platt]4 ,*eese ,omelette ,no4 #b ,make z above1 omitt+ *eese4 ,make two cups ( hot1 :ite sauce2 add #a cup grat$ *eese1 melt & p\r ar\nd ! omelette4 ,bak$ ,eggs ) ,*eese #d eggs #a cup grat$ *eese #a cup s(t bread crumbs teaspoon salt ,few gra9s cay5ne #b cups :ite sauce ,break ! eggs into a butt]$ bak+ di% & cook 9 hot ov5 until !y beg9 to turn :ite ar\nd ! edges4 ,!n cov] eggs ) ! :ite sauce & ov] ?is put ! mixture ( crumbs1 *eese & season+s4 ,br[n 9 v hot ov51 s eggs w n be ov]cook$ by "t *eese is br[n4 ,if pref]r$1 or = v>iety1 ! *eese may be add$ to ! :ite sauce & only ! season$ crumbs put on ! top4 ,bo/on ,roa/ #a c kidney beans or same am\nt ( cook$ beans ,salt lb4 grat$ *eese ,bread crumbs ,ma% beans or put !m ?r\gh a meat gr9d]4 ,add ! *eese & suffici5t bread crumbs to make ! mixture /iff en\gh to be =m$ into a roll4 ,place 9 butt]$ bak+ pan & bake 9 mod]ate ov54 ,ba/e frequ5tly ) "o-half cup hot wat]1 9 :i* "o tablespoon butt] is melt$4 ,s]ve ! roa/ ) tomato sauce4 ,if desir$1 a few drops ( onion juice or a little f9ely *opp$ onion may be add$ to flavor ?is di%4 ,cam\flag$ ,cabbage ,remove ! he>t f a small cabbage1 cut or *op ! rema9d] into half in* pieces1 boil 9 salt$ wat] exactly tw5ty m9utes & dra94 ,= "o p9t ( ?is cook$ cabbage make a sauce (3 #b tablespoons butt] #b tablespoons fl\r cup milk cup *eese ,:5 ?or\ghly bl5d$ add ! cabbage2 cov] ) butt]$ crumbs & bake tw5ty m9utes4 ,! result is a good di% = supp] or lun*eon & x is well nam$4 ,,*eese ,,salads ,*eese & ,pim5to ,salad ,/uff cann$ pim5tos ) cream *eese1 cut into slices1 place on lettuce leaves & s]ve ) mayonnaise dress+4 ,*eese & ,cel]y ,salad ,select cel]y /alks ) deep grooves 9 !m2 wa% & dry on clean t[el4 ,mix a small cream *eese ) a bit ( salt1 & cup f9ely *opp$ nuts 7pecans are be/74 ,fill grooves 9 cel]y /alk ) ! *eese mixture & *ill4 ,:5 ready to s]ve cut /alks into small pieces ) %>p knife4 ,s]ve on lettuce leaves ) ,fr5* dress+4 ,= a pleasant addition to fruit salad1 fill t5d] cel]y /alks ) roque=t *eese1 & lay "o or two on ea* plate ( salad4 ,pepp] & ,*eese ,salad ,remove top & se$s f a sweet gre5 pepp]4 ,scald x ) boil+ wat]1 lett+ x /& 9 wat] ab\t t5 m9utes4 ,mix s(t cream *eese ) *opp$ nuts1 or ) t9y cubes ( cook$ beets & fill pepp] ) ?is mixture2 *ill well1 cut 9 ?9 slices ) %>p knife & s]ve on b$ ( head lettuce ) ,fr5* dress+4 ,apples c also be us$ 7) *eese & nuts7 by remov+ core )\t break+ ! apple4 ,,cottage ,,*eese 7,see also "u ! *apt] on ,*eese7 ,all t has be5 said ( *eese z a valuable food & z a sub/itute = meat1 applies equally to cottage *eese & x is s easily prep>$1 inexp5sive & g5]ally reli%$ t x %\ld be us$ mu* m freely ?an x is4 ,! foll[+ recipes are only a few ( ! _m t might be giv51 b ! c>eful cook %\ld evolve o!r comb9ations equally attractive4 ,cottage ,*eese by ,gov]nm5t ,me?od 7,f ,food ,adm9i/ration ,bullet97 ,unit1 #a gallon4 ,= less] am\nts1 measurem5ts to be divid$ accord+ly4 ,take #a gallon ( sweet skim milk2 add cup ( clean1 s\r milk & /ir z x is put 94 ,raise ! temp]ature 9 hot wat] to #ge degrees ,fahr5heit1 us+ a dairy !rmomet]4 ,remove f heat & place :]e x is to rema9 until set4 ,add ( a junket tablet ?or\ghly dissolv$ 9 a tablespoon ( cold wat]2 /ir :ile add+4 ,cov] ) clo? & leave = #ab to #af h\rs 9 ev5 temp]ature1 ab\t #ge degrees ,fahr5heit4 ,at end ( ?is p]iod !re %\ld be a slight :ey on ! top & :5 p\r$ out ! curd %\ld cleave %>ply4 ,dra9 ?r\gh cotton clo?1 n *eese-clo?4 ,:5 :ey has be5 dra9$ out1 "w 9 #a or #b teaspoons ( salt to ! *eese1 accord+ to ta/e2 #a to #b p\nds ( *eese %\ld be obta9$ f a gallon ( milk4 ,= table use x is advisable to "w 9 #a or #b tablespoons ( cream to ! p\nd4 ,= use 9 cook+1 ?is is n necess>y4 ,"o may also make cottage *eese ( fre%ly s\r$ milk by simply heat+ x 9 a d\ble boil] till :ey =ms1 lett+ x /& an h\r & !n turn+ x into a *eese-clo? bag to dra94 ,to ! dry curd =m$ add sweet or s\r cream & salt to ta/e4 ,:5 made 9 ?is way c>e mu/ be tak5 t ! milk is fre%ly s\r$--if x is old x w h a bitt] ta/e & ! *eese w n be good4 ,cottage ,*eese ,s&wi*es ,?9 slices ( rye1 br[n or :ite bread1 butt]$1 ) fill+s ( cottage *eese 9 comb9ation ) jelly1 m>malade1 pim5toes1 lettuce or mayonnaise are all good4 ,cottage ,*eese ,club ,s&wi*es ,toa/ slices ( bread1 cut diamond %ape & spread ) butt] & cottage *eese or cottage *eese alone & put toge!r ) any "o ( ! foll[+ comb9ations3 ,tomato1 lettuce & mayonnaise dress+4 ,?9 slices ( ham spread ) mu/>d & lettuce4 ,slic$1 t>t apple1 *opp$ nuts & drops ( ,fr5* dress+4 ,slic$ orange & mayonnaise4 ,slic$ ,spani% onion1 a hot fri$ egg spr9kl$ ) ,worce/]%ire sauce4 ,?9 slices ( tomato1 bacon1 *ick51 lettuce & mayonnaise dress+4 ,cottage ,*eese ,salad ,dress+ cup cottage *eese #a tablespoon v9eg> teaspoon sug> teaspoon salt #a cup heavy cream 7ei!r sweet or s\r7 :ipp$ /iff4 ,mix 9 ord] giv54 ,a *opp$ h>d boil$ egg improves x4 ,a simil> salad dress+1 al?\gh conta9+ no cottage *eese1 may be giv5 "h also4 ,s\r ,cream ,salad ,dress+ #a cup s\r cream--:ipp$ #a tablespoon v9eg> #a tablespoon olive oil teaspoon salt 7#a teaspoon sug>1 if desir$7 #b h>d boil$ egg yolks f9ely *opp$ ,mix 9 ord] giv54 ,ei!r ( ^! is p>ticul>ly good ) gre5 vegetables4 ,= a fruit salad ! eggs %\ld be omitt$ & d\ble ! am\nt ( sug> us$4 ,cottage ,*eese ,salad ,lettuce1 slic$ cucumb] or gre51 sweet pepp]s1 cottage *eese =m$ 9 small balls or slices1 mayonnaise or ,fr5* dress+4 ,cottage ,*eese ,pie #a cup cottage *eese cup sug> cup milk #b egg yolks1 beat5 #a tablespoon melt$ butt] ,salt teaspoon vanilla ,mix ! +r$i5ts 9 ! ord] giv54 ,bake ! pie 9 "o cru/4 ,cool x slightly & cov] x ) m]+ue made by add+ #b tablespoons ( sug> & teaspoon ( vanilla to ! beat5 :ite ( #b eggs & br[n x 9 a sl[ ov54 ,devon%ire ,da9ty ,s]ve on individual plates cup cottage *eese to :i* has be5 add$ #b tablespoonfuls :ipp$ cream 7sweet or s\r74 ,ov] ?is p\r cup currant jam4 ,pass salt9es or o!r dry1 unsweet5$ crack]s4 ,,milk ,,breads ,,& ,,biscuits ,p>k] ,h\se ,rolls #b cups scald$ milk 7skim7 #c tablespoons butt] #a teaspoon salt #a yea/ cake dissolv$ 9 cup lukew>m wat] ,dissolve yea/ 9 wat]1 melt butt]1 comb9e all +r$i5ts except fl\r4 ,add #c cups fl\r gradually1 beat+ vigor\sly4 ,let rise till light2 cut d[n & knead 9 #b cups fl\r4 ,cov] & all[ to rise until ?ree times orig9al bulk4 ,roll in* ?ick4 ,cut1 spread half ) butt] & fold ov]4 ,put 9 butt]$ t9s to rise1 plac+ #a in* ap>t4 ,bake :5 light 9 a hot ov5 #ae to #bj m9utes4 ,popov]s #a cup fl\r teaspoon salt #b eggs teaspoon melt$ butt] #a cup milk ,beat eggs ?or\ghly4 ,add gradually1 :ile beat+1 ! milk & fl\r1 to :i* salt has be5 add$4 ,add butt] & beat two m9utes ) ,dov] egg beat]4 ,put a half teaspoon ( butt] 9 hiss+ hot iron gem pans4 ,fill half ) batt] & bake ?irty m9utes 9 a hot ov54 ,s]ve imm$iately4 ,bo/on ,nut ,bread cup molasses #a teaspoon soda #b cups s\r milk #b cups graham fl\r #a teaspoon salt cup sug> #a cup *opp$ nuts #a cups :ite fl\r ,mix & sift all ! dry +r$i5ts4 ,add molasses to ! milk & comb9e ?is gradually ) ! dry mat]ials4 ,add ! nuts4 ,half fill bak+ p[d] cans1 ) oil$ cov]1 & let /& "o-half h\r4 ,bake ?ree-qu>t]s ( an h\r 9 mod]ate ov54 ,s\r ,milk ,biscuit #a qt4 fl\r #a teaspoon soda #a teaspoon salt #a teaspoon sug> #b tablespoons butt] ,s\r milk to moi/5 7ab\t #a cups7 ,sift dry +r$i5ts toge!r1 cut 9 butt] ) knife1 add milk to make a /iff d\gh4 ,roll out ?9 & bake 9 hot ov54 ,s]ve ) honey or maple syrup4 ,g+]bread #d tablespoons butt] cup sug> #a egg cup molasses #b teaspoons cocoa cup s\r milk #a cups fl\r teaspoon soda #a teaspoon g+] #a teaspoon c9namon teaspoon salt #a teaspoon allspice ,sift fl\r & spices1 salt & soda toge!r4 ,mix o!r +r$i5ts 9 ! ord] giv5 & comb9e mixtures4 ,bake 9 mod]ate ov5 #cj m9utes4 ,s\r ,milk ,waffles #a egg #a cup s\r milk #a cup fl\r #a tablespoon butt] #a teaspoon soda teaspoon salt ,beat egg ?or\ghly1 add s\r milk1 fl\r & salt4 ,dissolve soda 9 tablespoon cold wat]4 ,add to mixture4 ,beat ?or\ghly4 ,cook on oil$1 hot waffle iron & s]ve hot ) maple syrup4 ,sweet ,milk ,waffles #b cups fl\r #c teaspoons bak+ p[d] teaspoon salt #a cups milk ,yolks #b eggs ,:ites #b eggs #b tablespoons butt] ,mix & sift dry +r$i5ts1 add milk1 beat5 yolks1 butt] & egg :ites beat5 /iff4 ,butt]milk ,griddle ,cakes #b cups butt]milk #b cups fl\r #a teaspoon soda #a egg beat5 ,mix 9 ord] giv54 ,sweet ,milk ,griddle ,cakes #a egg beat5 #b cups milk #c cups fl\r sift$ ) #c teaspoons bak+ p[d] & teaspoon salt #b tablespoons melt$ butt] ,mix 9 ord] giv54 ,bo/on ,br[n ,bread #a cup :ole :eat fl\r #b cups graham fl\r #a teaspoon soda #a teaspoon salt #b cups s\r milk cup molasses ,mix dry +r$i5ts ?or\ghly4 ,mix ! s\r milk & molasses4 ,/ir 9 dry +r$i5ts1 beat+ ?or\ghly4 ,turn into well butt]$ p\nd bak+ p[d] cans4 ,cov] tightly & /eam ?ree h\rs4 ,take f c & slice1 cup rais9s or nuts c be add$ to ! d\gh mixture1 if desir$4 ,,dess]ts ,= dess]ts ! numb] ( cu/>ds1 creams & pudd+s made ) milk is legion1 & !y are s well kn[n & c be s easily v>i$ t only a few /ock recipes ne$ be giv54 ,boil$ ,cu/>d #b cups scald$ milk ,yolks #b eggs cup sug> teaspoon salt teaspoon vanilla ,beat eggs slightly1 add sug> & salt2 /ir con/antly :ile add+ gradually hot milk4 ,cook 9 d\ble boil]1 cont9ue /irr+ until mixture ?ick5s & a coat+ is =m$ on ! spoon2 /ra9 imm$iately1 *ill & flavor4 ,if cook$ too long ! cu/>d w curdle4 ,%\ld ?is happ51 by us+ a ,dov] egg beat] x may be re/or$ to a smoo? consi/5cy1 b cu/>d w n be z ?ick4 ,eggs %\ld be beat5 slightly = cu/>d t x may be ( smoo?1 ?ick consi/5cy4 ,to prev5t scum f =m+1 cov] ) a p]=at$ t9 or spr9kle ) granulat$ sug> :5 cool+4 ,blanc ,mange or ,corn/>* ,pudd+ #a qt4 milk cup corn/>* ,p9* ( salt #c eggs cup sug> ,heat milk to boil+1 add corn/>* dissolv$ 9 a little cold milk & a p9* ( salt4 ,boil five m9utes1 add yolks ( eggs beat5 ) sug>4 ,boil #b m9utes long]1 remove f fire & beat 9 ! :ipp$ :ites ( eggs4 ,flavor ) vanilla or lemon4 ,s]ve cold ) cream & sug> or cann$ pea*es or pe>s4 ,?is is us$ also z a fill+ = cream pie1 us+ ! beat5 :ites ( eggs1 sweet5$ = a m]+ue & br[n+ slightly 9 ov54 ,bake ! cru/ be=e fill+ ) ! cream4 ,bak$ ,cu/>d #d cups scald$ milk #d eggs cup sug> teaspoon salt ,few grat+s nutmeg ,beat eggs slightly1 add sug> & salt1 p\r on sl[ly scald$ milk1 /ra9 9 butt]$ mold1 set 9 pan ( hot wat]4 ,spr9kle ) nutmeg & bake 9 sl[ ov5 until firm1 :i* may be readily det]m9$ by runn+ a silv] knife ?r\gh cu/>d4 ,if knife comes out clean1 cu/>d is done4 ,dur+ bak+ c>e mu/ be tak5 t wat] surr\nd+ mold does n rea* boil+ po9t or cu/>d w :ey4 ,always be> 9 m9d t eggs & milk comb9ation mu/ be cook$ at a l[ temp]ature4 ,= cup cu/>ds all[ ?ree eggs to f\r cups milk2 = l>ge mold$ cu/>d f\r or five eggs2 if few] eggs are us$1 cu/>d is liable to crack :5 turn$ on a s]v+ di%4 ,bak$ ,apple1 ,s\!rn ,/yle ,illu/ration #f *oice apples cup sug> #a qt4 milk ,salt #d eggs cup sug> #a teaspoon vanilla ,p>e & core apples t are n too s\r to hold _! %ape :5 bak$4 ,put 9 a pudd+ di%1 spr9kle ! half cupful ( sug> ov] & ar\nd !m1 also fill+ place :]e ! core 0 tak5 out4 ,put 9 ov5 & bake4 ,remove f ov5 & p\r ar\nd !m ! milk mixture made ?us3 ,beat ! eggs well1 add sug> & beat aga91 add milk1 salt & vanilla4 ,bake sl[ly until a knife-blade w come out clean aft] ins]tion 9 ! cu/>d4 ,s]ve hot or cold1 ) or )\t :ipp$ cream4 ,?is is an especially good dess]t = *ildr54 ,c(fee ,cu/>d #b cups milk #a cup /rong c(fee #c eggs cup sug> teaspoon salt teaspoon vanilla ,beat eggs slightly2 add sug>1 salt1 vanilla1 milk & c(fee4 ,/ra9 into butt]$ individual molds1 set 9 pan ( hot wat] & bake until firm4 ,c>amel ,cu/>d #d cups scald$ milk #e eggs teaspoon salt #a teaspoon vanilla cup sug> ,put sug> 9 omelette pan1 /irr+ con/antly ov] hot "p ( range until melt$ to a syrup ( light br[n color4 ,add gradually to milk1 be+ c>eful t milk does n bubble up & g ov]1 z is liable on acc\nt ( high temp]ature ( sug>4 ,z soon z sug> is melt$ 9 milk1 add mixture gradually to eggs slightly beat51 add salt & flavor+1 !n /ra9 9 butt]$ mold4 ,bake z cu/>d4 ,*ill & s]ve ) c>amel sauce4 ,rice ,pudd+ #a qt4 milk cup rice teaspoon salt teaspoon gr\nd nutmeg1 or c9namon1 or grat$ r9d ( ( a lemon ,wa% ! rice ?or\ghly1 mix ! +r$i5ts & bake ?ree h\rs or m 9 a v sl[ ov51 /irr+ occasionally at fir/4 ,tapioca ,cu/>d ,add to ! li/ ( +r$i5ts = boil$ cu/>d cup ( pe>l tapioca4 ,soak ! tapioca 9 wat] = an h\r or two1 dra9 x1 & cook 9 ! milk until x is transp>5t4 ,proce$ z = boil$ cu/>d4 ,,g5]al ,,recipe ,,= ,,c]eal-,,milk ,,pudd+s ,bread & rice pudd+s1 made ) milk & eggs1 are famili> to all cooks4 ,made )\t eggs1 ! foll[+ w be f\nd sugge/ive3 ,= a qu>t ( milk all[ ( a cup ( any co>se c]eal 7rice1 cornmeal1 crack$ :eat1 oatmeal or b>ley72 add ( a cup ( br[n1 :ite or maple sug>1 syrup1 honey or molasses2 teaspoon salt2 teaspoon spice4 ,! flavor+ may be omitt$ :5 honey or molasses is us$4 ,! above recipe makes q a l>ge pudd+4 ,x is (t5 conv5i5t to make a small] "o1 & en\gh = a *ild's d9n] c be made 9 ! d\ble boil]1 all[+ two level or "o r\nd+ tablespoon ( c]eal to a cup ( salt$ & flavor$ milk4 ,cook an h\r & sweet5 slightly4 ,^! pudd+s1 if made ?91 may be p\r$ ov] /ew$ prunes or o!r cook$ fruits1 & are a good & economical sub/itute = ! cream or s(t cu/>d usually us$ = t purpose4 ,a v old recipe = a bak$ corn pudd+ has rec5tly be5 giv5 to ! au?or4 ,indian ,meal ,cu/>d #a pt4 sweet milk1 :5 hot add sl[ly cup cornmeal ,p9* salt teaspoon ea* c9namon & g+] ,sug> to ta/e #a tablespoon molasses ,boil #e m9utes1 & add #b beat5 eggs #a pt4 milk ,bake ab\t "o-half h\r or till set4 ,milk & ,fruit ,mold#aa ,illu/ration3 ,milk & fruit mold #c cups hot milk1 cup cold milk1 #e tablespoons granulat$ sug> #aj tablespoons corn/>* #b beat5 egg :ites #a teaspoon almond extract1 teaspoon salt ,c&i$ *]ries1 cut into small pieces ,heat milk 9 d\ble boil]4 ,mix corn/>* ) cold milk1 /ir x into ! hot milk1 add salt & sug> & cook1 /irr+ occasionally1 = #aj m9utes4 ,remove f fire1 fold 9 ! beat5 :ites & add ! flavor+4 ,r9se mold 9 cold wat]1 dra91 p\r 9 "p ( ! cook$ mixture1 add a lay] ( *]ries & cont9ue until mold is fill$4 ,set on ice to *ill4 ,may be s]v$ 9 tall glasses1 z illu/rat$1 or unmold$ on a flat s]v+ platt]4 ,c>amel ,rice#aa #f cups milk #a cup rice #a cups granulat$ sug> #a teaspoon salt #b slightly beat5 eggs ,grat$ r9d ( half an orange ,cook rice1 salt1 ! qu>t] cup ( sug> & milk toge!r 9 a d\ble boil] until rice is t5d]4 ,remove f fire1 add grat$ r9d & beat5 eggs & mix well4 ,put ! cup ( sug> 9 a small saucepan ov] ! fire & /ir con/antly until x is a gold5 br[n liquid4 ,h a mold heat+1 & :5 v hot p\r ! liquid 9 x1 turn+ ! mold s t all p>ts are coat$4 ,turn ! rice into ! mold & set x 9 a pan ( wat] 9 a hot ov5 = #bj m9utes1 hav+ ! mold cov]$ ! entire "t4 ,remove f ov51 let /& until cold1 unmold & s]ve ) ! c>amel sauce t is 9 ! mold4 ,milk ,cream#aa #a cups hot milk cup cold milk cup granulat$ sug> #c eggs ounce granulat$ gelat9e #a teaspoon vanilla ,p9* ( salt ,soak gelat9e 9 ! cold milk = #aj m9utes4 ,heat balance ( milk 9 a d\ble boil]1 add salt1 sug> & beat5 yolks1 /irr+ con/antly4 ,cook until mixture coats ! spoon1 remove f fire1 add soak$ gelat9e & /ir until dissolv$4 ,!n set aside to cool & :5 beg9n+ to ?ick5 add flavor+ & mix 9 lightly ! /iffly beat5 :ites4 ,r9se a mold 9 cold wat]1 dra91 p\r 9 mixture & set 9 a cold place until firm4 ,unmold & s]ve pla9 or ) ?9 cream4 ,illu/ration3 ,milk cream ,pla9 ,junket ,heat a qu>t ( milk until lukew>m1 n to exce$ #ajj ,f4 ,remove f fire2 sweet5 & flavor to ta/e1 us+ vanilla or any o!r desir$ flavor4 ,dissolve "o ,junket ,tablet 9 cold wat] & /ir ! solution quickly into ! lukew>m milk4 ,p\r imm$iately into individual s]v+ di%es1 %]bet glasses1 b[ls or ! l1 & let /& w>m until ?ick5$4 ,:5 8set0 remove to ice box or o!r cool place )\t /irr+ & let /& until s]v+ "t4 ,s]ve ) or )\t :ipp$ cream1 a spr9kle ( nutmeg1 or a few /rawb]ries on ! top1 etc4 ,illu/ration3 ,pla9 junket ,*ocolate ,junket ,sweet5 a qu>t ( milk ) half a cup ( sug>4 ,melt "o squ>e ( *ocolate or two tablespoonfuls ( cocoa1 add half a cup ( ! milk & boil "o m9ute4 ,remove f fire & add ! rema9d] ( ! milk1 :i* mu/ n be boil$1 & a teaspoonful ( vanilla4 ,probably ! mixture w be lukew>m1 if n1 w>m until x is4 ,/ir 9 dissolv$ ,junket ,tablet1 p\r at once into s]v+ di%es & leave undi/urb$ until set4 ,*ill & s]ve4 ,if :ipp$ cream sweet5$ & flavor$ ) vanilla is heap$ ^u ! ,*ocolate ,junket :5 s]v+1 a mo/ attractive dess]t is obta9$1 & ,*ocolate ,junket froz5 makes a delici\s ice cream4 ,c(fee ,junket ,"o-half cup v /rong c(fee1 cup sug>1 add$ to #a p9ts ( heat$ milk4 ,dissolve4 ,add y\r ,junket ,tablet & f9i% z ord9>y ,junket4 ,s]ve ) cream4 ,an endless v>iety ( ,junkets c be made by v>y+ flavor & color1 by add+ fruit or pres]ves1 etc41 & 9 ! sick room v>i\s m$ic9es or /imulants1 peptone1 w9e1 etc41 may conv5i5tly be adm9i/]$ z an +r$i5t 9 ! pudd+4 8,prep>$ ,junket0 ,prep>$ ,junket 9 :i* all ! +r$i5ts are f\nd except ! milk is on ! m>ket 9 ! =m ( a p[d] call$ 8,nesnah40 ,x is put up 9 v>i\s flavors & is easily & quickly made :5 milk is at disposal4 ,heat #a qt4 milk lukew>m1 remove f fire1 add "o package ( ! prep>$ ,junket & dissolve quickly & ?or\ghly by vigor\s /irr+ = m9ute only4 ,p\r imm$iately into individual s]v+ di%es & let /& 9 w>m room until ?or\ghly set4 ,place 9 ice box until s]v+ "t4 ,s]ve ) or )\t pla9 or :ipp$ cream4 ,,milk ,,bev]ages ,:ey #a qt4 fre% milk #a ,junket ,tablet #a tablespoon cold wat] ,heat ! milk until lukew>m & add ! tablet dissolv$ 9 ! cold wat]4 ,all[ x to set 9 a w>m room4 ,!n break up ! curd g5tly & /ra9 x ?r\gh two ?icknesses ( *eese-clo?1 be+ c>eful to remove all ! case94 ,cool at once & s]ve cold1 )\t or ) sweet5+1 & flavor z desir$4 ,lemon ,:ey #a qt4 hot milk #c tablespoons sug> cup lemon juice ,heat ! milk 9 a d\ble boil] & add ! lemon juice4 ,cook )\t /irr+ until ! :ey sep>ates4 ,/ra9 ?r\gh *eese-clo? & add ! sug>4 ,s]ve hot or cold1 g>ni%$ ) small slices ( lemon4 ,c9namon & ,milk #a qt4 new milk ,/ick c9namon ,sug> ,boil milk ) suffici5t c9namon to flavor z desir$4 ,sweet5 & s]ve w>m or cold4 ,rice ,milk #a ounce rice #a p9t milk #a saltspoon salt #a teaspoon sug> ,soak ! rice twelve h\rs4 ,add ! scald$ milk1 salt & sug>4 ,/ir well & cook "o h\r2 !n rub ?r\gh a f9e sieve4 ,?9 ) m hot milk & s]ve4 ,kumyss 7see also ,*apt] ,,ii7 cake ,fleis*mann's yea/ #a tablespoons sug> #a tablespoon wat] #a qu>t milk ,make a ?9 syrup ( ! sug> & wat] & cook "o m9ute4 ,s(t5 ! yea/ 9 two tablespoons ( lukew>m milk4 ,heat ! milk until lukew>m1 add o!r +r$i5ts & %ake4 ,put 9 /one1 /]ile bottles1 place 9 an upright position = twelve h\rs1 at #gj 7kit*5 heat72 !n turn on side & leave at a temp]ature ( #ej 7l[] "p ( ice box74 ,ready = use aft] ! fir/ tw5ty-f\r h\rs2 (t5 kept sev]al days1 b ! long] x is kept ! less palatable x is4 ,x %\ld look l ?ick1 foamy cream4 ,egg ,milk ,%ake #a egg #a cup milk ,sug> ,vanilla ,break ! egg into a l>ge glass & beat well4 ,add sug> & a c\ple ( drops ( vanilla or a du/ ( nutmeg & beat aga94 ,fill up glass ) ri* milk4 ,?is makes a v n\ri%+ dr9k4 ,butt]milk ,%ake #a cup butt]milk #a egg ,sug> ,few drops lemon extract ,salt ,break egg into b[l1 beat ?or\ghly ) egg beat]1 add sug>1 flavor+1 a t9y p9* ( salt & butt]milk4 ,beat aga9 till light & foamy4 ,turn into glass4 ,butt]milk ,lemonade ,a v>iation may be made f ord9>y butt]milk by ! addition ( lemon juice & sug>4 8,butt]milk lemonade0 usually requires ! juice ( ?ree lemons to "o qu>t ( butt]milk4 ,! quantity ( lemon & sug>1 h[ev]1 %\ld be v>i$ to suit ! ta/e ( ! individual4 ,! bev]age is delightful & is especially refre%+ on a hot summ] day4 ,"o may also use ! juice ( two oranges & "o lemon to "o qu>t ( butt]milk1 in/ead ( ! lemons alone4 ,_m p l ! cle> butt]milk slightly sweet5$ ) a few gra9s ( salt add$4 ,*ocolate #a squ>es *ocolate #d tablespoons sug> ,few gra9s salt #a cup boil+ wat] #c cups milk teaspoon vanilla ,scald milk4 ,melt *ocolate 9 small saucepan & gradually add boil+ wat]4 ,:5 smoo? add to scald$ milk1 sweet5 & add salt & vanilla4 ,mill ) ,dov] egg beat]1 & s]ve1 putt+ a l>ge teaspoon ( :ipp$ cream on ea* cup4 ,cocoa cup cocoa cup sug> ,few gra9s salt #a cup wat] #c cups milk teaspoon vanilla ,mix cocoa & sug>1 add wat] & /ir into milk already heat$ 9 d\ble boil]4 ,cook #ae m9utes1 add vanilla & salt4 ,s]ve ) :ipp$ cream4 ,a fam\s cook kn[n to ! writ] adds #a teaspoon corn/>* dissolv$ 9 #a tablespoon cold wat] to ! cocoa :5 ne>ly ready = ! table4 ,x adds to ! app>5t ri*ness ( ! bev]age4 ,,miscellane\s ,,sugge/ions #a4 ,a tablespoonful ( milk put 9 ! pan be=e fry+ eggs w keep !m t5d]4 #b4 ,cov]+ cold *ick5 or o!r meat ) butt]milk w keep x = tw5ty-f\r h\rs or m1 )\t affect+ ! meat except to make x m t5d]4 #c4 ,cu/>ds & ice cream kept too long 9 w>m wea!r may cause ptoma9e poison+4 #d4 ,keep milk cov]$ to %ut out flavors f o!r food4 #e4 ,milk w>m f ! c[ %\ld n be kept 9 a clos$ receptacle4 #f4 ,dani% cooks soak a piece ( veal 9 skim milk ov]night be=e roa/+ x1 to improve ! flavor4 #g4 ,slic$ ham cov]$ ) milk & bak$ 9 a mod]ate ov5 = an h\r has delicate flavor & is always t5d]4 ,,! ,,!rmomet] ,illu/ration3 ,dairy & h\sehold !rmomet]s ,9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,canada z well z 9 ,engl& ,fahr5heit's !rmomet] is g5]ally us$ accord+ to :i* wat] freezes at #cb & boils at #bab at ord9>y air pressure1 leav+ #ahj degrees betwe5 ! freez+ & ! boil+ po9t4 ,9 "s c\ntries 9 ,europe ,raumur's !rmomet] is us$ ) #j = ! freez+ po9t & #hj = boil+4 ,9 ,france & = sci5tific "w 9 all c\ntries1 h[ev]1 ! ,celsius or ,c5tigrade sy/em is employ$ = measur+ heat & cold1 hav+ #j = freez+ & #ajj = boil+4 ,z !re are #ahj ,fahr5heit1 #hj ,raumur & #ajj ,c5tigrade betwe5 freez+ & boil+1 ! divisions are !re=e z #i ,f4 to #d ,r4 & #e ,c4 ,to *ange f degrees ( ,f4 above ! freez+ po9t to ! o!r sy/ems d$uct #cb1 divide ! rema9d] by #i & multiply by #d or by #e respectively4 ,to *ange f ,c4 to ,f4 divide by #e1 multiply by #i & add #cb1 etc4 ,z ! metric sy/em is gradually be+ introduc$ ev]y:]e in/ead ( ! old sy/ems = weights & measures1 s also is ! ,c5tigrade !rmomet] be+ sub/itut$ = ! o!rs & 9 cook]y x may soon be us$ exclusively4 ,,weights ,,& ,,measures #a p\nd #af ounces #dec4f grams #a ounce #af drams #bh4ce grams #a kilogram #ajjj grams #b4b p\nds #a gram #ae4dc gra9s 4#jce ounces #a gallon #d qu>ts #c4ghe lit]s #a qu>t #b p9ts 4#idfd lit]s #a p9t #af fluid ounces 4#dgca lit]s #a fluid ounce #h drams #bi4eg c4c4 #a lit] #ajjj cubic c5timet]s #a4jefg qu>ts #a mile #ebhj feet #a4f kilomet] #a foot #ab in*es 4#cjdh met] #a kilomet] #ajjj met]s 4#fbad mile #a met] #ajj c5timet]s #ci4cg in*es #a acre #dc1efj sq4 ft4 4#djdg hect>e #a sq4 ft4 #add sq4 in*es #i4bi sq4 decimet]s #a hect>e #aj1jjj sq4 met]s #b4dga acres #a squ>e met] #ajj sq4 decimet]s #aj4gfd sq4 ft4 #a bu%el #d pecks 4#ceeb hectolit] #a hectolit] #b4hcgg bu%els #a ,u4 ,s4 gallon #abh ounces #bca cb4 in*es #a ,imp]ial gallon 7,engli% & ,canadian7 #afj ounces #bgg cb4 94 #f ,u4 ,s4 gallons #e ,imp]ial gallons #a gallon ( wat] weighs #h4cd p\nds #a gallon ( milk weighs #h4f p\nds ,a #dj qu>t c ( milk #hf p\nds ,approximate ,h\sehold ,weights & ,measures #d saltspoonfuls #a teaspoonful #c flat teaspoonfuls #a heap+ teaspoonful #a heap+ tablespoonful ( granulat$ sug> ne>ly #a ounce #a r\nd$ tablespoonful ( butt] #a ounce #b ord9>y cups ( granulat$ sug> #a p\nd #c ord9>y cups ( :eat fl\r #a p\nd #a p\nd ( granulat$ sug> #a p9t #d flat teaspoonfuls ( liquid #a flat tablespoonful fluid ounce #d l>ge tablespoonfuls #a ord9>y w9e glass #b fluid ounces #a p9t #b cups or glasses #a cup or glass #h fluid ounces4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,end ,,notes ----- ,footnote #a3 ,f circul> ,no4 #he ( a s]ies ( /atem5ts prep>$ "u ! direction ( ! ,secret>y ( ,agriculture1 cov]+ ! agricultural situation = #aiah4 ,footnote #b3 ,! ,babcock ,te/ is op]at$ z foll[s3 ,:5 ! milk has be5 ?or\ghly mix$ & a true sample has be5 tak5 ! pipette is fill$ to ! m>k by suck+ ! milk into x until x /&s a little above ! m>k on ! /em1 !n quickly plac+ a dry f+] ov] ! end ( ! pipette & all[+ ! milk to escape until x j rea*es ! m>k4 ,! quantity ?us measur$ (f is #ag4f c4c4 ,! pipette is !n empti$ into ! te/ bottle by plac+ ! po9t 9 ! neck & all[+ ! milk to fl[ sl[ly d[n ! inside ( ! neck1 tak+ c>e n to lose any ( ! milk4 ,bl[ ! la/ drops out ( ! pipette into ! bottle4 ,! measur+ glass1 hold+ #ag4e c4c41 is fill$ to ! m>k ) sulphuric acid ( a specific gravity ( #a4hb to #a4hc & ?is is p\r$ into ! milk 9 ! te/ bottle4 ,! acid is a /rong poison & mu/ be h&l$ ) c>e4 ,p\r x sl[ly d[n along ! wall ( ! bottle :i* is held at an angle & turn$ sl[ly dur+ ! op]ation4 ,n[ give ! bottle a rot>y motion to ?or\ghly mix ! milk & ! acid1 %ak+ vigor\sly t[>ds ! end ( ! op]ation s z to be sure n to leave any ( ! acid :i* is heavi] ?an ! milk at ! bottom ( ! bottle4 ,:irl+4--,! bottles are !n plac$ 9 ! c5trifugal ma*9e & :irl$ = five m9utes at ! prop] spe$--f #fjj to #abjj revolutions p] m9ute--accord+ to ! diamet] ( ! ma*9e & z /at$ 9 ! directions :i* come ) ! te/]4 ,! mixture ( milk & acid is hot en\gh if ! :irl+ is done at once1 b if x is all[$ to cool ! bottles %\ld be plac$ 9 hot wat] ( #aej to #agj = ab\t #ae m9utes2 :irl+ at full spe$ = #d m9utes br+s all ! fat to ! top4 ,hot wat] is n[ add$ until ! bottle is fill$ almo/ to ! scale on ! neck & ! bottles are aga9 plac$ 9 ! ma*9e & :irl$ at full spe$ = "o m9ute4 ,hot wat] is !n aga9 add$ until ! l[] end ( ! fat column is )9 ! scale1 pref]ably at ! #a or #b m>k on ! neck ( ! bottle4 ,:irl once m = "o or two m9utes & !n read (f ! p]c5tage ( fat on ! scale4 ,ea* division repres5ts #j4b fat4 ,! fat column is measur$ f ! l[] l9e betwe5 ! fat & ! wat] to ! po9t :]e ! top ( ! fat column t\*es ! wall ( ! neck4 ,a pair ( divid]s are h&y = measur+ ! fat column & read+ (f ! p]c5tage ( fat 9 ! milk4 ,! bottle ) cont5ts %\ld be w>m--ab\t #adj--:5 ! measure is tak54 ,= te/+ skim milk & cream special =ms ( te/ bottles are us$--:i* are describ$ 9 ! circul>s com+ ) ! te/]s & /ud5ts :o desire full] in=mation are ref]r$ to ,f>r+ton & ,woll's 8,te/+ ,milk & its ,products10 publi%$ by ! ,m5dota ,book ,co41 ,madison1 ,wis4 ,footnote #c3 ,! ,acid ,te/ dep5ds ^u :at 9 ! laboratory is call$ 8titration0 & makes use ( a 8burette10 a long1 graduat$ measur+ tube provid$ ) a p9*-cock4 ,?is burette is fill$ ) an alkali solution ( kn[n /r5g?1 usually a 8t5? normal0 solution ( cau/ic soda4 ,a c]ta9 am\nt ( ! milk to be te/$ is measur$ (f into a glass or a :ite porcela9 cup4 ,z a #ag4f c4c4 pipette belong+ to ! ,babcock te/ usually is at h&1 t may be us$ = ?is purpose4 ,a few drops ( an ,indicator is add$ to ! milk & "u con/ant /irr+ ! soda solution is all[$ to drip into x until sudd5ly x turns p9k4 ,! color w quickly disappe>1 h[ev]1 & a few m drops ( ! alkali are add$ & /irr$ 9 sev]al times until a fa9t b di/9ct p9k color rema9s = "s "t4 ,t indicates t ! acid 9 ! milk has be5 neutraliz$ & ! am\nt ( ! soda solution consum$ is !n read (f on ! scale on ! burette4 ,by divid+ ! numb] ( c4c4 ( ! soda solution us$ by two1 ! t5?s p] c5t ( lactic acid 9 ! milk is f\nd4 ,= example1 if x takes #d c4c4 ( ! soda solution to neutralize #ag4f c4c4 milk1 ! acidity is 4#b4 ,?is dep5ds ^u ! fact t #a c4c4 ( a t5? normal soda neutralizes 4#jji gram ( lactic acid & t !re=e ! p] c5t ( acid 9 ! milk is equal to 4#jji multipli$ by ! numb] ( c4c4 ( soda solution us$1 divid$ by ! numb] ( c4c4 ( milk & multipli$ by #ajj4 ,if #ej c4c4 ( milk is tak5 in/ead ( #ag4f ! calculation is *ang$ accord+ly4 ,footnote #d3 ,f>m]s' ,bullet9 ,no4 #fjb1 ,u4 ,s4 ,dept4 ( ,agriculture4 ,footnote #e3 ,butt] ,color is made ( ! color+ matt] ( 8,annatto0 dissolv$ 9 a ref9$ vegetable 7salad7 oil4 ,! ,annatto tree 7,bixa ,orelana7 gr[s 9 ! tropics & ! se$ :i* has a ?9 coat+ ( ?is beautiful color+ matt] comes mo/ly f ! ,we/ ,indian ,isl&s1 ,jamaica1 ,porto ,rico & ,guadel\pe4 ,x is p]fectly h>mless & is us$ by ! natives to flavor & color s\p & o!r foods mu* z we use tomatoes4 ,footnote #f3 ,! ,m>s*all ,r5net ,te/ consi/s ( a graduat$ cup 7a7 ) a f9e hole = an outlet 9 ! bottom4 ,"o cubic c5timet] ( a /&>d r5net extract is dilut$ ) wat] 9 ! glass bottle 7c74 ,! cup is fill$ ) milk & plac$ on ! corn] ( ! *eese vat1 ! milk be+ all[$ to run ?r\gh ! f9e hole 9 ! bottom ( ! cup4 ,! mom5t ! surface ( ! milk rea*es ! upp] m>k ( ! graduation 9 ! cup ! dilut$ r5net extract is add$ & quickly /irr$ into ! milk ) ! spattle 7d74 ,:5 ! milk beg9s to curdle x /ops runn+ out4 ,! sweet] ! milk is ! m w run out be=e coagulation /ops x & ! m>k on ! scale at :i* x /ops indicates ! degree ( acidity or rip5+4 ,! po9t is to h ! milk alike e day & if1 = in/ance1 ! *eesemak] has f\nd t 8 *eese is be/ if he adds ! r5net to ! milk 9 ! vat :5 ! te/ %[s #b1 he wants to rip5 ! milk to t degree e day4 ,s1 if ! te/ %[s #c or #d1 x indicates t ! milk is n suffici5tly rip5$ & x %\ld be all[$ to /& w>m = a long] "t be=e x is set ) r5net4 ,footnote #g3 ,! ,acidemet] = mak+ an ,acid ,te/ is describ$ 9 ,*apt] ,i4 ,footnote #h3 ,r5net 7see "u 8,f]m5ts0 9 ,*apt] ,i7 is prep>$ f ! ?ird division ( ! /oma* ( ! suckl+ or milk-f$ calf4 ,fifty ye>s ago *eesemak]s us$ to make _! own r5net by soak+ salt$ calves' /oma*s 9 s\r :ey1 & our gr&mo!rs us$ a piece ( a dry1 salt$ /oma* to make ,junket or 8,curds & ,:ey40 ,ab\t #ahfh1 ,*ri/ian ,hans51 ( ,cop5hag51 ,d5m>k1 began ! prep>ation ( ,comm]cial ,r5net ,extract :i* soon supplant$ ! home-made r5net 9 all c\ntries :]ev] *eese 0 made4 ,n[adays r5net 9 liquid or p[d] or tablet =m = *eesemak+1 & ,junket ,tablets = milk pudd+s1 are prep>$ pure & ( kn[n /r5g? 9 laboratories & h&l$ by druggi/s & deal]s 9 dairy supplies4 ,! fre% /oma*s are sav$ by ! f>m]s or but*]s & are ei!r bl[n up & dri$ 9 ! air protect$ f sunlight & ra91 or split l5g?wise & spread out flat & salt$ on bo? sides4 ,9 ! laboratory ! f]m5t is extract$ by *emicals & a pure1 cle> liquid extract is prep>$1 ( uni=m /r5g? & good keep+ quality4 ,or ! extract is cond5s$ into a p[d] :i* aga9 is compress$ into tablets ( great /r5g?4 ,! f]m5t acts be/ :5 ! milk is lukew>m1 b x w d ! "w at temp]atures rang+ f #ej1 or ev5 l[]1 to #abj ,f4 ,/rongly pa/euriz$ or /]iliz$ milk w n curdle ) r5net1 b milk pa/euriz$ at a l[ temp]ature is n *ang$ en\gh to prev5t x f mak+ a firm curd4 ,m r5net does n make a firm] curd b causes ! milk to curdle quick]2 less r5net makes ! process sl[]4 ,dilut$ milk w n curdle firmly1 & ! failure ( milk to make a smoo? coagulum ( ! usual consi/5cy & 9 ! usual "t1 ! temp]ature be+ "r & ! regul> am\nt ( a /&>d r5net be+ us$1 is a nev]-fail+ pro( t some?+ is ! matt] ) ! milk4 ,x has be5 *ang$ f its natural condition by ov]-heat+ 9 pa/eurization or by wat]+ or doctor+1 or x has n be5 prop]ly rip5$4 ,footnote #i3 ,w4 ,o4 ,atwat]1 ,f>m]s' ,bullet9 ,no4 #adb4 ,footnote #aj3 ,dr4 ,e4 ,v4 ,mc,collum 9 8,ho>d's ,dairyman40 ,footnote #aa3 ,prep>$ = 8,! ,/ory ( ,milk0 by ,a4 ,l\ise ,&rea4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,bibliography ,*eese ,mak+2 ,john ,w4 ,deck]1 ,columbus1 ,o4 ,! ,milk ,"q2 ,m4 ,j4 ,ros5au1 ,h\ghton-,miffl9 ,co41 ,bo/on4 ,! ,manufacture ( ,*eese ( ! ,*$d> ,type f ,pa/euriz$ ,milk2 ,j4 ,l4 ,sammis & ,a4 ,t4 ,bruhn1 ,bullet9 #afe1 ,bureau ( ,animal ,indu/ry1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,dairy ,laboratory ,guide2 ,*>les ,w4 ,melick1 ,d4 ,van ,no/r& ,company1 ,new ,york ,city4 ,h&book = ,f>m]s & ,dairym52 ,f4 ,w4 ,woll1 ,john ,wiley ,sons1 ,new ,york ,city4 ,te/+ ,milk & ,its ,products2 ,e4 ,h4 ,f>r+ton & ,f4 ,w4 ,woll1 ,m5dota ,book ,company1 ,madison1 ,wis4 ,f>m]s' ,clean ,milk ,book2 ,dr4 ,*>les ,e4 ,nor?1 ,john ,wiley ,sons1 ,new ,york4 ,o/ og ,o/eproduktion2 ,g4 ,ellbre*t1 ,nordisk ,=lag1 ,cop5hag51 ,d5m>k4 ,outl9es ( ,dairy ,bact]iology2 ,n4 ,l4 ,russell1 ,madison1 ,wis4 ,a ,b ,c 9 ,butt] ,mak+2 ,j4 ,h4 ,monrad1 ,urn]-,b>ry ,co41 ,new ,york4 ,a ,b ,c 9 ,*eese ,mak+2 ,j4 ,h4 ,monrad1 ,urn]-,b>ry ,co41 ,new ,york4 ,dairy ,*emi/ry2 ,h5ry ,droop ,ri*mond1 ,*>les ,griff9 & ,company1 ,ltd41 ,london4 ,milk1 its ,nature & ,composition2 ,c4 ,m4 ,aikman1 ,adams & ,*>les ,black1 ,london4 ,milk & ,its ,products2 ,h4 ,h4 ,w+1 ,! ,macmillan ,co41 ,new ,york4 ,pr9ciples & ,practice ( ,butt]mak+2 ,g4 ,l4 ,mc,kay & ,c4 ,l>s51 ,john ,wiley ,sons1 ,new ,york4 ,sci5ce & ,practice ( ,*eese ,mak+2 ,l4 ,l4 ,van ,slyke & ,*as4 ,a4 ,publ[1 ,orange ,judd ,company1 ,new ,york4 ,agricultural ,bact]iology2 ,h4 ,w4 ,conn1 ,p4 ,blaki/on's ,son ,co41 ,philadelphia4 ,cream+ ,milk by ,c5trifugal ,=ce2 ,j4 ,d4 ,fr$]iks51 ,little ,falls1 ,n4,y4 ,! ,common ,s5se ( ! ,milk ,"q2 ,john ,sp>go1 ,! ,macmillan ,company1 ,new ,york4 ,practical ,dairy ,husb&ry2 ,x4 ,a4 ,will>d1 ,excelsior ,publi%+ ,h\se1 ,new ,york4 ,maelk]i ,bakt]iologi2 ,orla ,j5s51 ,cop5hag54 ,maelk]ibruget i ,danm>k1 ,b]nh>d ,boggild1 ,cop5hag54 ,mej]ivaes5et i ,nord-,am]ika2 ,j4 ,d4 ,fr$]iks51 ,cop5hag54 ,mod]n ,dairy ,guide2 ,m>t9 ,h4 ,mey]1 ,madison1 ,wis4 ,la ,lait]ie2 ,a4 ,f4 ,p\riau1 ,librairie ,audot1 ,lebroc ,cie1 ,p>is4 ,! ,dairy+ ,indu/ry 9 ,canada2 ,j4 ,a4 ,ruddick1 ,dept4 ( ,agriculture1 ,ottawa1 ,canada4 ,canadian ,dairy+2 ,h5ry ,h4 ,dean1 ,william ,briggs1 ,toronto4 ,! ,bus9ess ( ,dairy+2 ,cl>5ce ,b4 ,lane1 ,orange ,judd ,co41 ,new ,york4 ,que/ions & ,answ]s on ,butt]mak+2 ,*as4 ,a4 ,publ[1 ,orange ,judd ,company1 ,new ,york4 ,! ,prolongation ( ,life2 ,elie ,met*nik(f1 ,g4 ,p4 ,putnam's ,sons1 ,new ,york4 ,! ,bacillus ( ,long ,life2 ,l\don ,m4 ,d\glas1 ,g4 ,p4 ,putnam's ,sons1 ,new ,york4 ,! ,book ( ,butt]2 ,edw>d ,sewall ,gu?rie1 ,! ,macmillan ,co41 ,new ,york4 ,! ,c>e & ,fe$+ ( ,*ildr52 ,l4 ,emmett ,holt1 ,m4 ,d41 ,d4 ,appleton ,co4 ,pr9t$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,! foll[+ pages conta9 adv]tisem5ts ( a few ( ! ,macmillan books on k9dr$ subjects4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,! ,book ( ,ice ,cream ,,by ,,walt] ,n4 ,,fisk ,clo?1 #ab mo ,?is book is int5d$ to aid ! /ud5t & ! comm]cial manufactur] 9 bett] und]/&+ ! pr9ciples ( mak+ & h&l+ ice cream4 ,x is n prim>ily int5d$ z a recipe-book1 al?\gh _m recipes are includ$ 9 ! text4 ,! fir/ five *apt]s consi/ 9 a g5]al discussion ( ! mat]ials us$ 9 ! manufacture ( ice cream z well z ! /abiliz]s & fill]s & flavor+ mat]ials4 ,! next *apt] deals ) ! classification ( ice creams1 & "h ! recipes are giv54 ,! equipm5t & refrig]ation are !n expla9$ 9 a sep>ate *apt]1 foll[$ by ?ree *apt]s devot$ to ! actual mak+ ( ice cream4 ,! conclud+ pages are tak5 up ) an analysis ( ! qualities ( ice cream & ( ! bact]iology ( its manufacture4 ,su* a discussion %\ld be useful bo? to ! /ud5t 9 ! class-room & ! progressive manufactur]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,! ,,macmillan ,,company ,publi%]s #fd-ff ,fif? ,av5ue ,new ,york ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,! ,,rural ,,text-,,book ,,s]ies ,,edit$ ,,by ,l4 ,h4 ,,bailey ,butt] ,,by ,e4 ,s4 ,,gu?rie ,pr(essor 9 ! ,dairy ,dep>tm5t1 ,new ,york ,/ate ,college ( ,agriculture1 ,cornell ,univ]sity 99 99 99 99 99 ,clo?1 #abmo1 #a4ge4 ,a practical discussion ( ! g5]al *>act]i/ics ( butt]1 & ( all ( ! problems connect$ ) its manufacture & m>ket+1 toge!r ) a brief hi/ory ( ! product4 ,among ! topics consid]$ are ! hi/ory ( butt]2 composition & food value ( butt]2 cleans+ & c>e ( dairy ut5sils2 c>e ( milk & cream2 cream sep>ation2 grad+ milk & cream & neutraliz+ acidity2 pa/eurization2 cream rip5+2 *urn+1 wa%+1 salt+ & pack+ butt]2 flavors ( butt]2 /orage ( butt]2 m>ket+2 :ey butt]1 r5ovat$ & ladl$ butt]2 m>g>9e1 & te/+4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,! ,book ( ,*eese ,,by ,,*>les ,,?om ,mycologi/ 9 *>ge ( ,microbiological ,laboratory1 ,bureau ( ,*emi/ry1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture2 =m]ly ,inve/igator 9 ,*eese at ,connecticut ,agricultural ,college ,,& ,,walt] ,w4 ,,fisk ,assi/ant ,pr(essor ( ,dairy ,indu/ry1 ,new ,york ,/ate ,college ( ,agriculture at ,cornell ,univ]sity ,clo?1 #abmo1 #a4ij4 ,an exposition ( ! processes ( mak+ & h&l+ a s]ies ( important v>ieties ( *eese4 ,! k9ds consid]$ are ^? made comm]cially 9 ,am]ica or widely met 9 ! trade "h4 ,! relation ( *eese to milk & to its production & composition has be5 pres5t$ 9 s f> z requir$ = ?is purpose4 ,aft] a g5]al /atem5t on *eese1 ! au?ors consid] ! foll[+ subjects3 ,! milk 9 its relation to *eese2 ,coagulat+ mat]ials2 ,lactic />t]s2 ,curd mak+2 ,classification ( *eese2 ,*eese ) s\r milk flavor2 ,s(t *eeses rip5$ by mold2 ,s(t *eeses rip5$ by bact]ia2 ,semi-h>d *eeses2 ,! h>d *eeses2 ,*$d> *eese mak+2 ,composition & yield ( *$d> *eese2 ,*$d> *eese rip5+2 ,! ,swiss & ,italian gr\ps2 ,miscellane\s v>ieties & by-products2 ,*eese factory con/ruction1 equipm5t1 organization2 ,hi/ory & developm5t ( ! *eese indu/ry 9 ,am]ica2 ,te/+2 ,m>ket+2 ,*eese 9 ! h\sehold4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,a ,manual ( ,milk ,products ,,by ,w4 ,a4 ,,/ock+1 ,,jr4 ,pr(essor ( ,dairy ,bact]iology 9 ! ,new ,york ,/ate ,college ( ,agriculture at ,cornell ,univ]sity ,clo?1 #abmo1 #b4ej ,?is is a v rec5t addition to ! ,rural ,manual ,s]ies "u ! editor%ip ( ,l4 ,h4 ,bailey4 ,! "w is int5d$ to s]ve z a ref]5ce book cov]+ ! entire subject ( milk & its products4 ,!re are *apt]s on ,! ,*emical ,composition ( ,milk1 ,! ,factors ,:i* ,influ5ce ,its ,composition1 ,physical ,prop]ties1 ,! ,v>i\s ,te/s ,us$ 9 ! ,/udy ( ,milk1 ,! ,production & ,h&l+ ( ,milk1 ,butt] ,mak+1 ,! ,cream ,supply1 ,butt] ,mak+ on ! ,f>m1 ,*eese ,mak+1 & ! ,bact]iology ( ,dairy ,products4 ,milk & ,its ,products ,,by ,,h5ry ,h4 ,,w+ ,pr(essor ( ,dairy ,husb&ry 9 ,cornell ,univ]sity ,new ,revis$ ,edition1 ) new illu/rations1 clo?1 #abmo1 #a4fj ,! revolution 9 dairy practice1 br\ght ab\t by ! introduction ( ! c5trifugal cream sep>ator & ! ,babcock te/ = fat1 by a m def9ite k reg>d+ ! v>i\s f]m5tations t s greatly influ5ce milk1 & ! manufacture ( its products1 h dem&$ ! publication ( a book t %all give to ! dairyman1 & p>ticul>ly to ! dairy /ud5t1 9 simple1 concise =m1 ! pr9ciples und]ly+ mod]n dairy practice4 ,su* has be5 ,pr(essor ,w+'s purpose 9 ?is "w4 ,?is is n a new edition ( ! au?or's v successful volume publi%$ "u ! same title _m ye>s ago2 x is1 9 reality1 an entirely new book1 hav+ be5 :olly reset & enl>g$ by ! addition ( new matt]1 bo? text & illu/rations4 ,! au?or's aim has be5 at all times to give ! pres5t /ate ( k z support$ by ! weight ( evid5ce & ! op9ions ( ^? ^: au?ority is highe/4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,transcrib]'s ,notes3 ,footnotes h be5 ga!r$ & mov$ to _! own section4 ,miss+ or obscur$ punctuation 0 sil5tly correct$4 ,typographical errors 7 sil5tly correct$4 ,inconsi/5t spell+ & hyph5ation 7 made consi/5t only :5 a pr$om9ant =m 0 f\nd 9 ?is book4 ,text t 0 93 italics is enclos$ by und]scores 7italics72 bold by is enclos$ by 8equal0 signs 7bold74