,transcrib]'s ,notes3 ,text enclos$ by und]scores is 9 italics 7italics74 ,! :ole numb] "p ( a mix$ fraction is sep>at$ f ! fractional "p ) -1 = example1 #b-a_/b4 ,additional ,transcrib]'s ,notes are at ! end4 99 99 99 99 99 ,s,,r5 ,,hjor? ,s,,r5 ,,hjor? ,,inv5tor ,,( ,,! ,,dynamo-,,electric ,,pr9ciple ,,by ,,sigurd ,,smi? ,c4 ,e41 ,m4 ,i4 ,f4 ,,publi%$ ,,by ,,elektroteknisk ,,=5+ ,,at ,,! ,,exp5se ,,( ,,! ,,c>lsb]g ,,f\ndation ,k,,b5havn ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,j4 ,,jorg5s5 ,,co4 7,m4 ,a4 ,,hannov]7 #aiab 99 99 99 99 99 ,?is pamphlet is publi%$ simultane\sly 9 ,engli% & 9 ,dani%1 & is di/ribut$ among int]e/$ in/itutions all ov] ! _w4 ,translat$ by ,f4 ,,sodemann1 ,c4 ,e41 ,m4 ,i4 ,f4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illu/ration ,h&swor?1 ,birm+ham1 ,feb4 #f?1 #ahea4 444 ,aft] ?is wond]ful =ce has be5 discov]$ by ,y\r ,excell5cy1 x has be5 my pride & int]e/ t also ! utilization !re( %\ld be orig9at$ by a ,dane4444 7,fragm5t ( a lett] f ,hjor? to ,h4 ,c4 r/$47 ,,preface4 ,s9ce ! ,life & ,works ( ,sr5 ,hjor?1 ! ,dane 0 publi%$ 9 ! ,dani% te*nical j\rnal ! ,elektroteknik]51 9 #aijg1 a /atem5t conc]n+ ,hjor?'s rights ( priority to ! inv5tion ( ! dynamo-electric pr9ciple has be5 s5t to ! lead+ =eign te*nical p]iodicals1 viz4 ,elektrote*nis*e ,zeits*rift1 ,l'clairage lectrique1 & ,electrical ,eng9e]+4 ,z ?is /atem5t /ill /&s uncontradict$1 x seems reasonable to consid] ,hjor?'s priority rights to ?is pr9ciple to be g5]ally ackn[l$g$1 ev5 9 ! great c5tres ( civilization4 ,!re=e ,i highly appreciat$ ! c\rtesy ( ,mr4 ,hjor?'s heirs1 aft] ! dea? ( 8 /ep-daught]1 ,miss ,d4 ,anck]1 9 ! autumn ( #aijh1 9 (f]+ me an opportunity to p]use ! l>ge collection ( lett]s1 r\gh-copies1 draw+s1 & sket*-books left by ,hjor?1 :i* ?rew new light on 8 int]e/+ life & "w4 ,:]e x 0 previ\sly necess>y to resort to guesswork alone1 we are n[ able to base our /atem5ts on e/abli%$ facts & to foll[ ,hjor?'s tra9 ( ideas almo/ f 8 fir/1 to 8 la/ inv5tion1 & to see :]e he has "r & :]e he fail$4 ,9 ! foll[+ pages1 an acc\nt w be giv5 ( ! results ( ^! rec5t rese>*es 9 connection ) :at 0 previ\sly kn[n ab\t ,hjor?4 ,*>lott5lund #aiaa4 ,sigurd ,smi?4 ,,cont5ts4 ,page ,preface4 ,sr5 ,hjor?3 ,*ildhood & ,y\? #a ,! ,railway #d ,electricity #g ,h>d ,times #ah ,s\rces #bi 99 99 99 99 99 ,s,,r5 ,,hjor?4 ,*ildhood & ,y\?4 ,sr5 ,hjor? 0 born on ! #ac? ( ,octob]1 #ahja4 ,he sp5t 8 *ildhood at ,ve/]byga>d1 an e/ate r5t$ by 8 fa!r1 ,j5s ,hjor?1 9 ,jordlse ,p>i%1 nor? ( ,tiss4 ,8 "m's maid5 "n 0 ,m>gre! ,lass54 ,( _! num]\s *ildr5 only two1 besides ,sr51 surviv$ *ildhood4 ,! p>5ts became e>ly aw>e t _! son possess$ great me*anical g5ius4 ,he receiv$ 8 fir/ education f ! p>i% s*ool-ma/]4 ,aft] ,hjor? 0 confirm$1 8 fa!r leas$ ! beautiful e/ate ,drag%olm1 9 ,od%]r$ ,c\nty1 :]e he rema9$ = _m ye>s1 & aft] ! dea? ( 8 fir/ wife1 he m>ri$ b>oness ,zytph5-,adel]4 ,?\gh he did n h an opportunity ( le>n+ mu* 9 8 *ildhood1 ,hjor? succe$$ 9 8 y\? 9 pass+ an exam9ation :i* admitt$ him to ! ,b>4 ,lat] on he became ! /ew>d ( ,bond]up ,e/ate1 ne> ,korsr1 b 9 ?is position he did n feel satisfi$1 & 9 #ahbh he became a volunte] 9 ! ,/ate ,treasury1 9 ,cop5hag54 ,9 #ahcf1 he advanc$ to ! position ( ,cl]k ( ! ,ex*equ] & secret>y4 ,al?\gh ,hjor?'s occupation1 dur+ ! la/ #cj ye>s ( 8 life1 0 ma9ly t ( a civil eng9e]1 he always cont9u$ to be address$ z ,secret>y ,hjor?1 & by ?is title he is /ill rememb]$ by "s ( 8 surviv+ contempor>ies4 ,hjor?'s int]e/s :ile at ! ,treasury 7 n conc5trat$ solely on 8 "w !re4 ,me*anical problems always fasc9at$ him4 ,x is told t1 dur+ ?is p]iod1 he made all k9ds ( exp]im5ts at ,drag%olm1 &1 among o!r ?+s1 he con/ruct$ a ?ra%+-ma*9e4 ,9 #ahcb he con/ruct$ a rot>y /eam-eng9e1 :i* 0 made by ,s*idt1 a me*anic resid+ at ,/4 ,annae ,plads1 &1 ^u ,hjor?'s application1 x 0 b\ght by ! ,k+ = #ejj rixdoll>s 9 notes4 ,! ,k+ donat$ x to ! newly f\nd$ ,polyte*nic ,in/itute1 ?is be+ ! place :]e x might be/ be utiliz$ & :]e ?is orig9al dome/ic inv5tion might mo/ suitably be plac$4 ,! same ye>1 ,hjor? describ$ 9 ,urs9's ,magaz9es = ,arti/s & ,artisans a /eam-c>1 inv5t$ by him & adapt$ to be propell$ by means ( ! rot>y /eam-eng9e4 ,s ,hjor? once m made a petition to ! ,gov]nm5t = a subv5tion ( #bjjj to #bejj rixdoll>s to assi/ 9 ! practical manufacture ( ?is c>4 ,! decision on ?is application 0 po/pon$1 h[ev]1 at ! sugge/ion ( ,pr(essors r/$1 ,zeiss & ,=*hamm]1 because ,hjor? _h n yet f9i%$ ! in/allation ( ! boil] = ! fir/ /eam-eng9e at ! ,polyte*nic ,in/itute4 ,hjor? did n succe$ 9 mak+ ! eng9e "w1 z x 0 n made ) suffici5t accuracy4 ,! sum = :i* ! c> 0 to be made1 0 nev] grant$1 z petition$ =1 al?\gh ,hjor? _h giv5 up us+ 8 rot>y eng9e = x2 & ! c> itself 0 probably nev] built4 ,at t "t1 ! use ( /eam-c>s on ! c\ntry roads attract$ great att5tion 9 ,engl&1 & _m diff]5t con/ructions appe>$4 ,9 #ahcd ,hjor?1 aid$ by subv5tions f ! ,rej]s5 ,f\ndation & ! ,gov]nm5t1 w5t to ,engl&1 9 ord] to acqua9t himself ) ! use ( ^! /eam-c>s on high-roads & railroads4 ,dur+ ^! ye>s he v actively inve/igat$ ! use ( /eam-p[]1 especially z a means ( propulsion = vehicles & %ips4 ,) admirable int]e/ & dilig5ce he /udi$ ! /eam propell$ road-c>riage1 & = a long "t he consid]$ t to be ! future means ( conveyance4 ,al?\gh he did n succe$ 9 gett+ 8 own /eam-c>riage put to practical use1 he made _m exp]im5ts on a /eam c>1 & ,i am told by "o ( 8 pass5g]s t on ! level /reets ( ,cop5hag5 & ,fr$]iksb]g all w5t v well1 b ! c>riage c\ld n climb ,valby hill4 ,dur+ ^! ye>s1 ,hjor? also att5d$ ! lectures at ! ,polyte*nic ,in/itute1 & he 0 especially int]e/$ 9 r/$'s lectures on ! physics ( ! globe1 & on electricity & magnetism4 ,not)/&+ 8 unsuccessful exp]im5ts ) ! rot>y /eam-eng9e1 ,pr(essors r/$1 ,zeiss & ,=*hamm] _h to give him a w>m recomm5dation1 :5 he made a petition to ! ,m9i/ry 9 ord] to get 8 exp5ses refund$ by ! ,gov]nm5t4 ,!y m5tion$ 8 indefatigable zeal1 8 great dilig5ce1 & ! consid]able exp5se borne by him 9 ! pursuit ( 8 rese>*es4 ,! num]\s & exp5sive exp]im5ts absorb$ all ! money ,hjor? c\ld procure3 n only 8 sal>y 0 sp5t1 b also su* funds z he 0 able to raise among 8 fri5ds4 ,! ,railway4 ,9 #ahci ,hjor? made a j\rney to ,engl&1 ,france & ,belgium4 ,by t "t1 he seems to h come to ! conclusion t /eam-c>riages runn+ on rails1 are pref]able to /eam-c>riages runn+ on ! high-road1 at any rate he ma9ly /udi$ locomotives & railroad+ dur+ ?is j\rney4 ,aft] 8 return to ,d5m>k1 he sp5t "s ye>s z manag] ( ,m>s*all's piano factory1 ?\gh /ill at "w ) 8 railroad s*emes1 & 9 #ahdj he happ5$ to f9d a man nam$ ,s*ram1 a book-keep]1 :o %>$ 8 int]e/s & 0 able to assi/ him 9 ! realisation ( 8 ideas4 ,9 #ahdj1 ^! two m5 publi%$ a detail$ calculation ( ! probable rev5ues & exp5ses ( a railroad betwe5 ,cop5hag5 & ,roskilde4 ,?is project1 h[ev]1 did n ar\se any int]e/1 & p 7 mo/ly incl9$ to smile at ! idea1 & x appe>$ impossible to induce compet5t m5 to take1 any int]e/ 9 ! s*eme1 mu* less to inve/ money !re94 ,!n1 9 #ahda1 !y appli$ to ! "y ,indu/rial ,association :i* body ref]r$ ! case to its special committee ( comm]ce4 ,ev5 ?is committee did n seem mu* incl9$ to li/5 to ,hjor?'s & ,s*ram's proposition1 b _! undefatigable en]gy f9ally succe$$ 9 p]suad+ ! committee ( comm]ce to convoke a l>ge meet+ to be held on ! #bd? ( ,m>*4 ,"h x 0 decid$ to make an application to ! ,gov]nm5t = ! survey+ ( ! propos$ railroad l9e &1 to ! surprise ( _m1 ! petition 0 grant$4 ,hjor?1 possess+ di/9ctive agitatory faculties1 %[$ great activity1 deliv]+ lectures & exhibit+ models1 & tri$ !reby to excite int]e/ 9 8 s*emes4 ,8 contempor>ies describe him z a sociable man ( a w9n+ & lovable disposition & possess+ a c]ta9 p]suasive p[]4 ,he 0 well lik$ by 8 fri5ds z well z by 8 _m casual acqua9tances4 ,9 #ahda bo? ,hjor? & ,s*ram 7 elect$ memb]s ( ! ,bo>d ( ,repres5tatives ( ! ,indu/rial ,association1 & f #ahda to #ahdc ,hjor? 0 ! vice-presid5t ( ! association4 ,n[ !re began to be "s sympa?y = _! cause1 & ! ,bo>d ( ,repres5tatives ( ! ,indu/rial ,association %[$ a will+ness to foll[ ! sub-committee elect$1 consi/+ ( ! two motioni/s & ,lector1 7lat] ,pr(essor7 ,wilk5s ( ! ,polyte*nic ,in/itute4 ,! /r5u\s ef=ts ( ?is sub-committee result$ 9 ! ,indu/rial ,association submitt+1 9 ,janu>y #ahdc1 an application = a fran*ise to =m a /ock-company = ! purpose ( build+ a railroad f ,cop5hag51 by way ( ,roskilde1 to a sea-port on ! we/]n coa/ ( ,seal&4 ,?is fran*ise1 0 grant$1 = a p]iod ( #ajj ye>s1 & on ! #af? ( ,april #ahdd ! ,indu/rial ,association issu$ a public invitation to take /ock 9 a company ^: /ock capital 0 to be #a-a_/b million rixdoll>s1 a v consid]able sum = ^? times4 ,z e>ly z 9 ! beg9n+ ( ,may1 mo/ ( ! /ock 0 tak5--ma9ly 9 ,hamburg4 ,:ile ! confid5ce 9 a s*eme ( ?is k9d 0 b slight 9 ,d5m>k1 ! speculation 9 railroad /ocks 0 ne>ly culm9at+ at ! /ock-ex*anges ( ,g]many & ,engl&2 z a matt] ( fact1 x became ne> be+ a sw9dle4 ,! ,seal& ,railroad ,company 0 f\nd$ on ! #bnd ( ,july #ahdd1 & ,hjor? became its fir/ te*nical director1 :ile ,s*ram became its fir/ g5]al manag]4 ,! ,indu/rial ,association receiv$ #aejjj rixdoll>s = ! fran*ise1 & f ?is sum x paid #cjjj to ,hjor? & ,s*ram4 ,9 #ahdc1 ,hjor? 0 unanim\sly elect$ presid5t ( ! ,indu/rial ,association4 ,9 #ahde1 he _h to resign ?is (fice1 b z x appe>$ v difficult to conc5trate ! votes 9 fav\r ( a new presid5t & vice-presid5t1 ,secret>y ,hjor?1 to meet ! g5]al dem&1 accept$ ! vice-presid5cy1 :i* (fice he !n held = a ye>4 ,9 ! meantime1 ! railroad company _h f9i%$ ! con/ruction ( its fir/ piece ( road1 f ,cop5hag5 to ,roskilde1 & ?is 0 op5$ = traffic on ! #bg? ( ,june #ahdg1 "s days be=e ! "t limit fix$4 ,ev5 at t "t x 0 decid$1 ow+ to ,hjor?'s influ5ce1 to ext5d ! road to ,korsr4 ,! cause ( ! delay 9 comm5c+ ?is "w 0 ! railroad crisis :i* _h j brok5 out 9 ,g]many & ,engl&1 mak+ x impossible to obta9 money = ! con/ruction ( railroads4 ,?is road1 !re=e1 0 n con/ruct$ until ! gov]nm5t1 9 #aheb1 gu>ante$ an int]e/ ( #d on ! capital inve/$4 ,hjor? reta9$ 8 position = ab\t #d ye>s1 & conc]n+ ?is p]iod he writes3 ,all ! great difficulties & ob/acles to be surm\nt$ dur+ ! con/ruction ( ! road influ5c$ my heal? to su* a degree t ,i broke d[n & 0 =c$ to ab&on my position z te*nical director ( ! railroad be=e ! expiration ( my t]m ( (fice1 9 ord] t ,i might take a wat]-cure at ,klamp5borg4 ,aft] he _h1 to "s ext5t1 rega9$ 8 heal? !re1 & ano!r bo>d ( directors _h be5 elect$1 he made a travel to ,engl& :i* turn$ out to be ( su* great importance t we w describe x m fully 9 ! foll[+4 ,electricity4 ,aft] ,f>aday1 9 #ahca1 _h discov]$ h[ an electric curr5t might be produc$ by means ( a magnet1 _m p busi$ !mselves by try+ to put ?is inv5tion into practical use1 & num]\s attempts 7 made to con/ruct electro-magnetic & magneto-electric ma*9es = useful purposes4 ,no wond] t ^! ef=ts attract$ ,hjor?'s att5tion1 &1 z e>ly z #ahdb1 he _h draft$ an electro-magnetic ma*9e1 consi/+ ( a /ation>y circle ( magnets1 ^: poles 7 direct$ aga9/ ! poles ( a moveable circle ( magnets4 ,9 #ahdc ?is sket* 0 deposit$ ) ! ,royal ,sci5tific ,society1 b ! sket* itself1 z well z ! explanation belong+ to x1 are v incomplete4 ,9 ! mon? ( ,april1 #ahdh1 ,hjor? made a petition to ! gov]nm5t = a subv5tion ( #bjj rixdoll>s1 9 ord] t he might g to ,engl& to get an electro-magnetic ma*9e#a design$ by him1 made !re4 ,hjor? _h notic$ t1 9 a piece ( iron encircl$ by an electric curr5t1 ! magnetism only to a c]ta9 ext5t w\ld increase1 ) ! /r5g? ( curr5t1 !re be+ a po9t ( saturation = ! iron4 ,:5 ?is po9t has be5 rea*$1 x w be ( no use to increase ! int5sity ( ! curr5t1 s9ce ! magnetism w n increase any fur!r4 ,on ! basis ( ?is obs]vation1 ,hjor? _h con/ruct$ 8 ma*9e1 b he _h confid$ ! details !re( only to ,pr(essors r/$ & ,=*hamm]4 ,9 ! report on ,hjor?'s petition made by ^! two pr(essors to ! ,bo>d ( ,trade1 !y1 curi\sly en\gh1 take exception to ! above-m5tion$ obs]vation by ,hjor?1 :ile its correctness w n[ be ackn[l$g$ by any electrician4 ,^! pr(essors1 h[ev]1 advis$ t ,hjor?'s petition %\ld be grant$1 us+ ?is lib]al argum5t1 word$ by r/$3 ,reg>d+ ! petition]'s new electro-magnetic ma*9e1 we mu/ /ate t we f9d x q +5i\s1 & al?\gh we are n conv9c$ t x w produce rem>kable effects1 we %\ld consid] x useful to h a work+ model execut$4 ,hav+ dur+ s _m ye>s work$ = ?is case1 ! petition] might p]haps1 by ! execution ( su* a model1 be enabl$ to make "s fur!r inv5tion1 :i* w\ld br+ him ne>] to ! goal4 ,indefatigable zeal has (t5 accompli%$ its purpose1 :]e sci5ce _h to decl>e ! means at fir/ us$1 to be entirely inadequate1 b :]e1 by cont9u$ "w1 entirely diff]5t means1 previ\sly unkn[n to ! inv5tor1 7 f\nd4 ,inasmu* z ! sum ( #bjj rixdoll>s ask$ = is s small1 we f9d x advisable to grant ! subv5tion4 ,/ill we _c refra9 f rem>k+ t ! petition]'s ma*9e may j z well be made "h z at any o!r place4 ,?us ! discov]] ( electro-magnetism cle>$ ! road :i* 0 to lead to ! mo/ beautiful application ( electro-magnetism1 t application :i*1 be=e all o!rs1 has be5 ( radically re=m+ importance dur+ ! la/ half c5tury1 !reby ?r[+ d\ble spl5dor on r/$'s "n4 ,soon aft] 8 arrival at ,london1 9 ! summ] ( #ahdh1 ?r\gh a firm :i* he knew f an e>li] p]iod ( 8 life1 ,hjor? made ! acqua9tance ( a nephew ( ,bramah1 ! r5[n$ me*anician & inv5tor ( ! ,bramah-lock4 ,hjor?'s inv5tion 0 !n laid be=e a fri5d ( ,bramah's1 a civil eng9e] nam$ ,gregory1 :o _h made ! /udy ( magnetism 8 specialty4 ,gregory at once p]suad$ ,bramah to be> ! exp5se ( mak+ a ma*9e1 & ( secur+ pat5ts 9 ,engl& & sev]al o!r c\ntries1 on condition t ! expect$ pr(its %\ld be divid$ betwe5 him & ,hjor?4 ,lat] on1 ,b4 ,taylor & ,normann ,innis 7 tak5 9 z p>tn]s1 pay+ toge!r #ajjj1 & !n ,*>les ,/ov9 7#fjj7 & ,rob]t ,broad1 ( ! ,h5ley ,iron ,works 7#ejj74 ,two ma*9es 7 n[ made1 accord+ to ,hjor?'s directions1 by ! firm ( ,rob9son ,sons1 ,pimlico1 ,london4 ,"o ( ^! is %[n 9 ,fig4 #a1 & is app>5tly q an +5i\s imitation ( ! /eam-eng9es ( ^? days4 ,c is a movable1 ,a a fix$ electro-magnet4 ,_! peculi> %ape1 involv+ sev]al conical p9s fitt+ into correspond+ cavities1 0 ?\ght to be advantage\s = ! di/ribution ( ! effect ( ! magnetic =ce ov] a long] /roke4 ,! pi/on ,c1 reciprocat+ up & d[n1 drives a crank %aft hav+ two opposite cranks4 ,to ei!r ( ! cranks !re is a correspond+ gr\p ( magnets4 ,an ecc5tric fix$ on ! %aft1 moves a slide valve1 alt]nately clos+ ! circuit ( "o or ! o!r ( ! two gr\ps ( magnets4 ,:5 ! "o pi/on is at its l[e/ position1 ! circuit ( ! o!r gr\p ( magnets is clos$1 & its pi/on is attract$1 until x rea*es its bottom position2 !n ! curr5t is %ift$1 & ! o!r pi/on attract$1 etc4 ,9 ord] to avoid ! =mation ( sp>ks at ! circuit break]1 an +5i\s device 0 provid$1 clos+ ! curr5t ( "o gr\p ( magnets1 imm$iately be=e t ( ! o!r "o 0 brok54 ,! fir/ ma*9e 0 made ) a #d in* /roke1 ! next "o ) #ac-a_/b in* /roke4 ,! magnetic attraction p] squ>e in* ( ! pi/on1 _h ab\t ! same magnitude z ! pressure p] squ>e in* 9 ! l[ pressure /eam-eng9es ( ^? days4 ,! pat5t application 0 fil$ 9 ,london z e>ly z 9 ,octob] #ahdh1 & x 0 grant$ on ! #bf? ( ,april #ahdib4 ,on ! #ba/ ( ,septemb]1 ! same ye>1 ,hjor? obta9$ a fifte5 ye> monopoly 9 ! k+dom ( ,d5m>k1 to manufacture ma*9es1 utiliz+ electro-magnetism z motive p[] 9 ! above describ$ mann]4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #a4 ,hjor?'s ,electromotor4 ,! l>g] ( ! ma*9es "h ref]r$ to 0 %[n 9 action to sev]al te*nical exp]ts1 & creat$ consid]able s5sation1 especially on acc\nt ( ! great l5g? ( /roke atta9$--#ac-a_/b in*es--& ! uni=m motion ( ! ma*9e4 ,! ma*9e is m5tion$ 9 ,m9+ ,j\rnal1 = ! #e? ( ,may1 & #af? ( ,june #ahdi1 & an extract ( ^! articles is publi%$ 9 ! ,flyvepo/5 = ! #crd ( ,july ! same ye>4 ,hjor? 0 invit$ to %[ ! ma*9e at ! ,royal ,society1 & at ! annual meet+ ( ! ,society ( ,civil ,eng9e]s1 ( :i* he 0 a memb]4 ,x 0 exhibit$ at ! ,univ]sal ,exhibition 9 ,london1 9 #ahea4 ,9 ! catalogue x 0 highly comm5d$1 & x receiv$ ! only prize-m$al aw>d$ to electrical ma*9es4 ,!re 01 h[ev]1 "o ess5tial ob/acle to ! practical use ( ?is ma*9e1 namely ! lack ( means = *eaply produc+ electricity 9 ! quantities requir$ by ! electromotor4 ,wet batt]ies 7 exp5sive to use1 & if ! ma*9e 7 to become useful 9 practice1 a p[]ful dry batt]y w\ld be a necessity4 ,mo/ ( ! !n kn[n ma*9es produc+ electricity1 7 fitt$ ) p]man5t /eel magnets1 & z ! po9t ( magnetic saturation ( /eel is l[1 ^! ma*9es 7 unable to produce any consid]able quantities ( electric en]gy4 ,hjor? !re=e impos$ ^u himself ! task ( build+ a dry batt]y4 ,8 sket*-book f #ahea is full ( new s*emes = su* batt]ies & improvem5ts on ^? already exi/+ 7,woolri*'s1 ,elk+ton's & ,pa9e's74 ,f ?is x appe>s1 among o!r ?+s1 t he 0 fully aw>e t1 :5 ! spools sudd5ly ent]$ or left ! field1 difficulties w\ld arise 9 ! commutation1 & he !re=e improv$ ! ma*9e by b5d+ ! field magnets1 obta9+ !reby a gradually increas+ & decreas+ field1 ! same ?+ :i* is1 n[adays1 atta9$ by us+ po9t$ or obliquely cut pole-%oes4--,x w\ld be v tempt+ to /udy m closely ^! sket*-books ) _! neatly color$ draw+s1 %[+ h[ _m diff]5t ideas h be5 fo/]$ by him1 be=e ! actual production ( ! fir/ dynamo1 9 #ahed4 ,mo/ ( ! descriptions & notes h be5 writt5 9 ! ,engli% language1 :i* he us$ almo/ z readily z 8 native tongue4 ,on ! #a/ ( ,may1 #ahea1 ,hjor? writes 9 8 sket*-book1 beside a sket* ( a ma*9e hav+ copp] discs = armature conductors & ca/ iron electro-magnets3 ,by pass+ ! curr5t on ! said way r\nd ! ,electromagnets1 ^! w ( c\rse be excit$ 9 proportion to ! /r5g? ( ! same1 & ! m !y are excit$1 ! m w ! discs be influ5c$ by ! magnets1 a mutual action ?us tak+ place4 ,s x appe>s t ,hjor?1 z e>ly z on ! #a/ ( ,may #ahea1 ) p]fect cle>ness1 has pron\nc$ ! dynamo-electric pr9ciple4 ,"u ! date ( ,june #bd?1 #ahea1 we f9d sket*$ out ano!r beautiful idea = ! con/ruction ( a dynamo4 ,x mu/ be regrett$ t ?is ma*9e has n be5 execut$1 z x w\ld c]ta9ly h prov$ sup]ior to 8 dynamo ( #ahee1 :i* has _m po9ts 9 common ) ?is project4 ,fig4 #b %[s a reproduction ( ?is page ( ! sket*-book4 ,!re is no descriptive text to ?is sket*1 only at "o side ( ! draw+1 ^! v significant words are writt53 ,magneto-,electric arrangem5t ) mutual action4 ,all ! six p[]ful held magnets are ( ca/ iron1 & !y are w\nd s z to be magnetiz$ by ! curr5t1 produc$ by ! dynamo itself#c4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig #b4 ,facsimile ( a ,page ( ,hjor?'s ,sket* ,book1 ,june #bd? #ahea4 ,9 ,novemb]1 #ahea1 ,hjor? return$ to ,cop5hag51 & "h he cont9u$ :at he _h comm5c$ 9 ,engl&4 ,9 ,may1 #aheb1 he deposit$ ) ! ,society ( ,sci5ces "s pap]s1 sign$ by ,pr(essors ,s*>l+ & ,=*hamm] 9 ,decemb]1 #ahea4 ,^! pap]s conta9 two descriptions1 writt5 9 ,engli%1 & two draw+s ( dry batt]ies4 ,^! consi/ ( #c or #d circul> r[s ( v]tical /eel rod magnets1 plac$ "o above ! o!r1 & dispos$ r\nd a v]tical %aft1 c>ry+ #b or #c circul> r[s ( armatures4 ,ea* armature consi/s ( a piece ( s(t iron1 & is w\nd ) a /rip ( copp]1 9 a special mann]4 ,!re are1 9 ea* r[1 z _m armatures z magnets4 ,! holl[ %aft1 z well z ! magnets1 :i* are fitt$ ) %oes ( s(t iron1 are w\nd1 & encircl$ by ! curr5t produc$ 9 ! armatures4 ,) reg>d to ! magnetic arrangem5t1 ?is ma*9e comes v ne> to ! "o pat5t$ by ,brett 9 #ahdh1 & x w be notic$ t x _c be said to be con/ruct$ accord+ to ! dynamo pr9ciple1 z ! mutual action plays no important "p1 ! magnets be+ p]man5t /eel magnets1 h>dly adapt$ to receive mu* extra magnetism by ! curr5t ( ! ma*9e4 ,hjor? po9ts out1 z ! novel feature ( ^! ma*9es1 ! division ( ! /eel magnets into _m small ones1 ) an armature correspond+ to ea* magnet4 ,h]eby he claims1 = ! same weight ( ! /eel magnets1 a l>g] capacity ( ! ma*9e ?an if he _h us$ few]1 b l>g] /eel magnets#d4 ,! ma*9e is fitt$ ) a commutator = direct curr5t4--,9 ,m>*1 #ahed1 ! sket*-book conta9s ano!r sket* ( a dynamo1 ) cle> indication ( ! dynamo pr9ciple1 approximately z x 0 pat5t$ on ! #ad? ( ,octob] ! same ye>#e4 ,?is sket* is reproduc$ 9 ,fig4 #c4 ,! ma*9e has two p]man5t ca/ iron magnets & two electro-magnets4 ,! armature cores are fitt$ ) oblique pole-%oes4 ,! description is v brief & conta9s ! same z ! pat5t specification4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #c4 ,facsimile ( a ,page ( ,hjor?'s ,sket* ,book1 ,m>* #ahed4 ,9 #ahec ,hjor? negotiat$ ) a c]ta9 ,dr4 ,watson1 :o _h con/ruct$ a dry batt]y by means ( :i* ,hjor? _h meant to drive 8 electro-magnetic ma*9e4 ,! object ( _! negotiations 0 to buy out ,hjor?'s above-nam$ p>tn]s1 & to =m a new company = ! purpose ( exploit+ ! above-m5tion$ two ma*9es4 ,! p>tn]%ip1 h[ev]1 0 n realiz$1 & 9 spr+ ( #ahed1 ,hjor? himself comm5c$ to h a #c ,,hp batt]y built 9 ,cop5hag54 ,! ma*9e 0 fitt$ ) ca/ iron magnets1 & 9 all probability x 0 simil> to ! project ( ,m>* #ahed1 & agre$ ) ! pat5t ( ,octob]1 ! same ye>4 ,?is pat5t specification reads z foll[s3 ,! ma9 feature ( ?is batt]y consi/s 9 apply+ "o1 two1 or sev]al p]man5t magnets ,a1 ( ca/ iron1 & %ap$ z %ewn 9 ! draw+ 7,figs4 #d & #e71 9 connection ) an equal numb] or m electro-magnets ,b1 %ap$ z indicat$ 9 draw+1 9 su* a mann] t ! curr5ts induc$ 9 ! coils ( ! revolv+ armatures are all[$ to pass r\nd ! electro-magnets2 consequ5tly1 ! m ! electro-magnets are excit$ 9 ! said mann]1 ! m w ! armatures ,c be excit$1 & ! m electricity ( c\rse induc$ 9 ! respective coil+s2 & :ile a mutual & accel]at+ =ce is produc$ 9 ?is mann] betwe5 ! electro-magnets & ! armatures1 an additional or second>y curr5t is at ! same "t induc$ 9 ! coil+ ( ! electro-magnets by ! motion ( ! armatures1 ! said curr5t fl[+ 9 ! same direction z t ( ! prim>y curr5t1 aft] hav+ pass$ ! commutator4 ,! direction ( ! curr5t induc$ 9 ! coils ( ! armatures w1 ( c\rse1 be rev]s$ accord+ to ! *ange ( ! respective pol>ities1 & ! commutator ,d is !re=e appli$ = ! purpose ( caus+ ! curr5t to fl[ con/antly 9 "o direction4 ,!n foll[s a description ( ! commutator ( ! dynamo4 ,f9ally ! pole-%oes1 or false poles1 provid$ on ! magnets z well z on ! armatures1 are m5tion$4 ,he po9ts out t ! false poles h on ! side ( attraction1 a long /raight edge1 z di/ant f ! c5tre z possible1 :ile on ! side ( sep>ation1 ei!r "o has a %>p po9t1 ne>] to ! axis ( revolution1 all ) a view to avoid reaction>y curr5ts1 & at ! same "t to facilitate ! motion ( ! armature4 ,:ile /eel magnets also may be appli$ in/ead ( ca/-iron magnets1 ! p]man5t magnets may be coil$ l ! electro-magnets1 :i* also w s]ve to make !m m p]man5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #d4 ,hjor?'s ,dynamo #ahed4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #e4 ,hjor?'s ,dynamo #ahed4 ,fragm5t ( ! ,pat5t ,draw+4 ,f ! above-nam$ sket*-book notations1 & ! pat5t specification1 x w be se5 t ,hjor?1 dur+ ! ye>s #ahea-ed1 has repeat$ly pron\nc$ ! dynamo pr9ciple ) p]fect cle>ness1 & t he has utiliz$ x 9 sev]al projects4 ,x is wor? not+ t ,hjor?'s s-call$ p]man5t magnets are ( ca/ iron4 ,?is %[s t ,hjor? has kn[n ( reman5ce1 or p]man5ce4 ,he has kn[n t ca/ iron always possesses "s slight magnetism1 ei!r induc$ by ! e>? magnetism or z a remnant--remnant magnetism--left ov] f its be+ magnetiz$ 9 a coil4 ,x has h]et(ore be5 assum$ t ,siem5s 0 ! fir/ to call att5tion to ?is prop]ty ( iron1 9 8 pap] 9 ! transactions ( ! ,royal ,society1 ( ! #ad? ( ,febru>y1 #ahfg4--,?us ,hjor? us$ ?is weak reman5t magnetism 9 ! l>ge ca/ iron magnets to produce ! initial curr5t 9 ! dynamo1 :i* !n excites itself4--,at ! end ( ! pat5t specification1 ,hjor? po9ts out t ! reman5t magnets may also be coil$ 7comp>e ,fig4 #b71 & !reby he comes clos] to ! lat] dynamo con/ructions4 ,hjor? is q "r1 accord+ to ! pat5t specification1 9 giv+ ! pole-%oes su* a %ape t ! armature is gradually demagnetiz$1 & 9 /at+ t ! object ( ?is is !reby to avoid reaction>y curr5ts1 & consequ5tly ! =mation ( sp>ks2 :ile he is mi/ak5 9 believ+ to be able to facilitate ! motion ( ! armature by giv+ ! pole-%oes a c]ta9 special %ape1 because 9 t case1 ! ma*9e w\ld be a p]petuum mobile4 ,toge!r ) ! above-m5tion$ dynamo1 ,hjor? _h an electromotor made 9 ,cop5hag51 ess5tially simil> to ! "o exhibit$ 9 #ahea4 ,:5 9 ! autumn #ahed ! ma*9es 7 f9i%$1 ,hjor? 0 call$ back to ,engl&1 9 ord] to cont9ue ! "w on 8 inv5tions4 ,x is n kn[n :e!r ! ma*9es 7 s5t to ,engl& or n2 at any rate !y ar\s$ "s int]e/ !re1 & he _h a new & l>g] dynamo built by ,messrs ,malcolm ,campbell2 ( ,liv]pool1 #g ,india ,build+s1 at ! exp5se ( ,malcolm & o!rs4 ,?is ma*9e 0 pat5t$ 9 #aheef1 & is %[n 9 ,fig4 #f1 :i* is reproduc$ f a photograph4 ,"h1 too1 ! dynamo pr9ciple has be5 foll[$1 b ea* electro-magnet is compos$ ( "o solid & "o tubul> electro-magnet1 ! latt] enclos+ ! =m]1 ! two toge!r =m+ a s-call$ cup magnet1 a con/ruction :i* has also be5 us$ by lat] inv5tors4 ,hjor? describes ! action ( ! batt]y z foll[s3 ,! p]man5t magnets act+ on ! armatures1 br\ght 9 succession betwe5 _! poles1 induce a curr5t 9 ! coils ( ! armatures1 :i* curr5t1 aft] hav+ be5 caus$ by ! commutator to fl[ 9 "o direction1 passes r\nd ! electro-magnets1 *>g+ ! same & act+ on ! armatures4 ,by ! mutual action betwe5 ! electro-magnets & ! armatures1 an accel]at+ =ce is obta9$1 :i* 9 ! result produces electricity great] 9 quantity & int5sity ?an has h]et(ore be5 obta9$ by any simil> means4 ,at ! same "t1 ,hjor? all[$ ! dynamo pat5t ( #ahed to lapse1 x be+ m]ely a provisional pat5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #f4 ,hjor?'s ,dynamo #ahee1 f an old ,photograph4 ,toge!r ) ! dynamo pat5t ( #ahed1 ,hjor? secur$ a provisional pat5t on an improv$ electromotor#g1 & toge!r ) ! dynamo pat5t ( #ahee1 he obta9$ ! complete pat5t on ! above m5tion$ electromotor1 z well z on ano!r con/ruction !re(#h4 ,! =m] consi/$ ( holl[1 horizontal electro-magnets 7cyl9d]s71 be+ ( a special %ape inside1 adapt+ !m to give to an electro-magnetic pi/on1 reciprocat+ )9 !m1 a long & /eady /roke4 ,by means ( a crank1 ! /roke 0 trans=m$ into a rot>y motion4 ,! o!r electro-motor consi/$ ( :eels1 ) protrud+ tee?1 :i* 7 set 9 rot>y motion by ! tee? be+ attract$ into holl[ electro-magnets4 ,,footnotes3 #a ,accord+ to ! usual t]m9ology ( ^? times1 an electro-magnetic ma*9e means a ma*9e driv5 by electricity1 an electromotor1 :ile1 on ! o!r h&1 a magneto electric batt]y1 or a dry batt]y is a ma*9e = produc+ electricity4 #b ,specification ( ,pat5t ,no4 #abbie1 #ahdh4 #c ,aft] ! publication ( my fir/ treatise 9 ! ,elektroteknik]51 = ,febru>y #aijg1 v>i\s p>ties h object$ t ,hjor?1 9 8 dynamos1 did n use ! dynamo pr9ciple 9 its pure/ =m1 z he _h "o l>ge1 unw\nd1 ca/ iron magnet4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! above-m5tion$ leaf ( 8 sket*-book %[s t ,hjor?1 z e>ly z 9 #ahea1 has us$ ! dynamo pr9ciple 9 its pure/ f--exactly ! same z us$ by ,siem5s 9 #ahfg--;z all ! field magnets h be5 w\nd ca/ iron magnets1 & ! initial curr5t is induc$ by ! remnant magnetism ( ^! magnets4 ,s4 ,s4 #d ,?is is correct1 z long z he uses armatures ) b a s+le w9d+1 because1 9 t case1 ! numb] ( armature w9d+s is proportional to ! numb] ( /eel magnets4 ,:]eas ,hjor? is mi/ak51 :5 9 #ahfg he makes ! same /atem5t ab\t a ma*9e1 :]e no?+ prev5ts ! armature f be+ fitt$ ) a great numb] ( w9d+s4 #e ,specification ( ,pat5t ,no4 #baih1 #ahed4 #f ,specification ( ,pat5t ,no4 #hjf1 #ahee4 #g ,specification ( ,pat5t ,no4 #baii1 #ahed4 #h ,specifications ( ,pat5ts ,no4 #hjg & #hjh1 #ahee4 ,h>d ,times4 ,9 ,may1 #ahef1 ,hjor? return$ f ,engl&1 disappo9t$4 ,x w be not$ t ?r\gh ! electro-motor ,hjor? 0 l$ to occupy himself ) ! dynamo ma*9e4 ,! dynamo 0 built 9 ord] to produce motive p[] = ! motor4 ,all ! "t he 0 work+ on ^! two inv5tions1 x 0 8 firm belief t if he c\ld make ! dynamo drive ! electro-motor1 he w\ld be able to atta9 a sub/antial sav+ 9 p[]1 get mu* m p[] out ( ! electro-motor ?an 0 consum$ 9 driv+ ! dynamo4 ,! ma*9es w\ld1 z x 71 run automatically4 ,he c\ld n und]/&1 :y ,dr4 ,watson 0 sceptical ) reg>d to ?is mann] ( batt]y action4 ,he int5d$ to in/all 8 ma*9es 9 %ips & locomotives1 :i* w\ld !n be propell$ ) a m9imum consumption ( p[]4 ,9 %ort1 ! comb9ation ( dynamo & electro-motor imag9$ by ,hjor? 0 to be a p]petuum mobile4 ,x has c]ta9ly be5 ! great disappo9tm5t ( 8 j\rney to ,engl&1 t ?is s*eme fail$4 ,on read+ ab\t ?is mi/ake1 "o is incl9$ to base ! judgm5t ( ,hjor? ^u assumptions belong+ to ! pres5t "t4 ,b ?is w\ld be a great inju/ice to him4 ,! axiom t ! quantity ( en]gy 9 nature is unalt]able1 & consequ5tly a p]petuum mobile an impossibility1 has1 z x 71 be5 imbu$ by our own g5]ation ) ! "m's milk4 ,n s ) ,hjor?4 ,n until ! =ties ( ! la/ c5tury1 did ,may]1 ,j\le & ,cold+1 ! ,city ,eng9e] ( ,cop5hag51 set =? _! !ories ab\t ! p]man5cy ( en]gy1 & ab\t ! conv]tibility ( heat into me*anical activity1 & ( ! latt] into heat aga94 ,^! !ories1 h[ev]1 7 v sl[ly accept$1 ev5 by sci5ti/s4 ,x is1 !re=e1 no wond] t a man l ,hjor?1 hav+ no special sci5tific tra9+1 c\ld n easily dige/ ! new !ory & ,hjor? did n h any in/9ctive s5sation ( hav+ ent]$ ^u a hopeless & impossible track4 ,on ! contr>y1 he imag9$ ! new wond]ful =m ( en]gy to conceal une/imable possibilities :i* he _h only to wre/ f nature4 ,?\gh ,hjor? 0 ?us %ip-wreck$ on 8 fav\rite idea1 he nev]!less discov]$ new l&1 f]tile = com+ g5]ations4 ,8 intrepid zeal guid$ him1 z r/$ _h anticipat$1 9 spite ( 8 lack ( sci5tific education1 on to ! road lead+ to ! spl5did results ( ?is day4 ,none ( ,hjor?'s orig9al p>tn]s p>ticipat$ 9 ! manufacture ( 8 late/ ma*9es1 & possibly ?is 0 due to 8 above-m5tion$ errone\s idea4 ,only "o ( 8 ,engli% fri5ds1 ,wm4 ,macr$ie1 ( ,melb\rne1 ma9ta9$ 8 atta*m5t to ,hjor? & 8 confid5ce 9 him to ! la/4 ,he 0 always v int]e/$ 9 ,hjor?'s s*emes1 &1 besides1 he %>$ 8 religi\s cre$4 ,hjor? 0 v anxi\s z to 8 future4 ,:5 he return$ f ,engl&1 he /ood q de/itute & felt depress$ by pov]ty4 ,8 heal? 0 n ( ! be/1 & 8 =m]ly s neat h&-writ+ _h become un/eady4 ,he receiv$1 %ortly aft] 8 return1 a communication f 8 ,engli% p>tn]s t !y wi%$ to h ! dynamo pat5t$ 9 ,d5m>k & ,france1 :i* %[$ t !y _h fai? 9 ?is ma*9e1 b nev]!less ^! 7 h>d times = ,hjor?4 ,! dynamo rema9$ = "s "t ) ,malcolm1 9 ,liv]pool1 & negotiations = its sale 7 sev]al times ent]$ into1 b 7 )\t results4 ,x 0 te/$ on sev]al occasions1 b ^! te/s prov$ t x c\ld n yield z mu* z might be expect$ f its size4 ,! uncoil$ magnets1 :i* 7 orig9ally ( ca/ iron1 7 replac$ by m p[]ful /eel magnets4 ,^u ! :ole1 ?is dynamo _h a r ev5tful exi/5ce1 = fir/ e o!r magnet pole 0 remov$ 7see ,fig4 #f71 & !n x 0 propos$ to rew9d ! magnets4 ,9 ,may1 #aheg1 x 0 donat$ to ! ,polyte*nic ,in/itute1 ,reg5t ,/reet1 9 ,london4 ,among ! pap]s left by ,hjor?1 !re are a dagu]reotype & a photograph ( ?is ma*9e1 7f :i* ! accompany+ ,fig4 #f is reproduc$74 ,not)/&+ a ?or\gh se>* ( ! ,london museums1 x has be5 impossible to trace ?is ma*9e1 :i* is said to h be5 se5 9 ,london dur+ ! n9eties4 ,hjor? 0 n[ compell$ to f9d a new means ( e>n+ 8 livelihood1 & to make new connections4 ,9 #aheg1 he became ! repres5tative ( ,cyclop's ,/eel ,manufactory1 ,*>les ,cammell1 ( ,%effield1 & 9 #ahei1 he appli$ = & obta9$ a lic5ce z a translator ( ,engli% 9 ,cop5hag54 ,f9ally he _h a k9d ( eng9e]+ & pat5t (fice1 assi/+ /rang]s 9 obta9+ monopolies1 & do+ "w = new railroads1 bridges etc4 ,9 ! beg9n+ ( ! sixties he caus$ a rese>* to be made conc]n+ ! use ( coals f ,hornholm & ,silkeborg1 & ! use ( peat = briquettes4 ,9 ,april1 #ahfj1 he appli$ to ! gov]nm5t = a position1 enabl+ him to "w = ! build+ ( new railroads 9 ,d5m>k1 & at ! same "t he ref]r$ to 8 previ\s m]its 9 t direction4 ,z he _h n1 )9 a ye> !reaft]1 receiv$ any position1 he made a petition = a ye>ly p5sion1 9 case su* a position c\ld n be giv5 to him4 ,z ! idea ( build+ ! ,seal& railroad1 z well z ! g5]al location ( ?is road1 is ma9ly due to ,secret>y ,hjor? 444 & fur!r m1 no small %>e 9 ! completion ( ! und]tak+ is due to him1 x 0 propos$1 on ! budget = #ahfa-fb1 to grant a p5sion to ,hjor?4 ,t ye> & ! foll[+ ones1 until 8 dea?1 he receiv$ #ejj rixdoll>s4 ,dur+ ^! ye>s1 ,hjor? liv$ at #aj ,nrrebrogade4 ,9 #ahde1 he m>ri$ ,vilhelm9e ,anck]1 ne ,hans5 7born on ! #bg? ( ,m>*1 #ahje71 ! wid[ ( ! f>m] ,did]ick ,anck]1 ( ,lille ,eg$e1 & !reby he became ! /ep-fa!r ( two daught]s4 ,?is m>riage 0 *ildless4 ,?is c>efully dress$ little man#i 9 top-hat & high-heel$ %oes1 0 well kn[n1 & v well lik$ 9 _m circles4 ,he 0 always amiable & will+ to help1 & x is kn[n t he has1 at great p]sonal sacrifice1 assi/$ "y artisans :o 7 9 h>d luck4 ,9 society he attract$ att5tion by 8 p[] ( fasc9ation & by 8 univ]sal k4 ,on ,sundays he 0 regul>ly se5 direct+ 8 /eps to ,/4 ,john's *ur*1 :]e1 = _m ye>s1 he 0 a memb] ( ,rev4 ,frimodt's congregation4 ,dur+ ! p]iod ( depression above describ$1 ,hjor? c\ld naturally n v well af=d to occupy himself ) exp]im5ts1 nor _h he mu* "t4 ,/ill1 9 #aheg1 he secur$ p]mission to und]take1 at ! navy y>d1 "s exp]im5ts conc]n+ ! c>ry+ capacity ( a magnet at v>y+ di/ances betwe5 ! pole & ! armature1 & at ! same "t he sket*$ out ! con/ruction ( an electro-motor1 especially well adapt$ to utilize ! magnetic attraction4 ,?is electro-motor 0 built 9 ,cop5hag5 ) funds grant$ by ! ,class5ske ,fideicommis4 ,:5 x 0 f9i%$1 ,hjor? appli$ = ! money ne$$ to make x d\ble act+4 ,9 autumn #ahfj1 ,hjor? 0 9 ,p>is1 & !re he work$ = 8 electrical inv5tions4 ,9 #ahff1 ,wilde publi%$ 8 ma*9e1 9 :i* ! curr5t ne$$ to magnetize ! electro-magnets 0 produc$ by a p]man5t magnet4 ,?is is exactly ! pr9ciple1 und]ly+ ! dynamos built by ,hjor? 9 #ahed & #ahee4 ,hjor?'s good fri5d1 ,wm4 ,macr$ie1 ,melb\rne1 s5t ,hjor? a clipp+ f an ,engli% p]iodical m5tion+ ,wilde's ma*9e1 & call$ 8 att5tion to ! id5tity4 ,x is to be regrett$ t ,hjor?'s answ] is n kn[n1 z 8 copy-book = #ahff has be5 lo/4 ,consid]+ ! data at h& :5 ,hjor?'s biography 0 publi%$ 9 #aijg1 "o might be incl9$ to believe t ,hjor? _h inv5t$ ! dynamo pr9ciple & !n dropp$ x at once1 go+ back to /eel magnets4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 cle>ly evid5c$1 by ! pap]s left by ,hjor?1 t ?is has n be5 ! case1 b t ,hjor? has us$ ! dynamo pr9ciple1 9 v>i\s1 m or less pure1 =ms1 9 practically all 8 projects f #ahea to #ahgj4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #g4 ,sket* ( ,hjor?'s ,magneto-,electric ,ma*9e #ahfg4 ,z previ\sly m5tion$1 ,hjor? _h be5 disappo9t$ 9 8 attempts to produce en]gy ?r\gh an electrical transmission ( p[]1 b ?is did n cause him to rel9qui% ! idea ( produc+ en]gy by electric means4 ,he took ?is up aga9 9 a new =m 9 8 old age4 ,9 ord] to h ?is idea c>ri$ out 9 practice1 ,hjor? _h a ma*9e built1 a description & draw+ ( :i* is to be f\nd 9 a pamphlet publi%$ lat] on 9 ,fr5* & ,dani%4 ,f ?is x appe>s t ! ma*9e 0 n orig9ally built accord+ to ! dynamo pr9ciple4 ,hjor? f\nd no advantage 9 us+ ! exp5sive electro-magnets1 z x 0 8 ma9 object to prove t1 by 8 special arrangem5t ( armatures & magnets1 he c\ld r$uce ! p[] requir$ to produce a c]ta9 am\nt ( electrical en]gy4 ,! ma*9e1 9 its mann] ( con/ruction1 rem9ds "o to "s ext5t1 ( ,hjor?'s project ( #ahea4 ,two or ?ree r+s1 or :eels1 ( armature coils ,a 7see ,fig4 #g7 revolve betwe5 ?ree or f\r circul> r[s ( magnets ,m4 ,?is decreas$ consumption ( p[] 0 to be atta9$ by (fsett+ ! armature :eels some:at relatively to "o ano!r1 = in/ance s t :5 "o armature ( ! topmo/ :eel 0 opposite "o magnet pole1 an armature ( ! next armature :eel w\ld be spac$ "o qu>t] ( a pole di/ance f a pole1 & an armature ( ! l[e/ :eel w\ld be "o half pole di/ance f a pole4 ,z x is well kn[n1 ?is idea is entirely errone\s1 x be+ contr>y to ! axiom ( ! con/ancy ( en]gy4 ,! ma*9e 0 built into a cas+1 & 0 s5t to ! ,p>is exhibition ( #ahfg4 ,hjor? 0 always v c>eful n to give any in=mation ab\t 8 inv5tions to anybody4 ,at ! end ( ,april1 he w5t to ,p>is himself4 ,! ma*9e _h suff]$ "s injury on ! j\rney1 & _h to be repair$ 9 ,p>is1 & !re=e x made its appe>ance r late4 ,/ill he succe$$ 9 hav+ x submitt$ to ! judgm5t ( ! jury1 & a te/ ( electrolytic deposition 0 made1 :i* prov$ entirely successful4 ,9 ,p>is he met a c]ta9 bus9ess-man :o1 lat] on1 reque/$ to ent] into p>tn]%ip ) ,hjor?4 ,?is man 0 an adv5tur]1 ^: ambition 0 to become a ,knight ( ,danebrog4 ,x is only to be regrett$ t ?is p]son obta9$ s great a p[] ov] ,hjor?1 & und]/ood h[ to deceive him4 ,! previ\sly m5tion$ pamphlet1 edit$ by ! p>tn]1 & nam$ ,batt]ie magnto-lectrique de ,sr5 ,hjor?1 is a docum5t ( ! poore/ k9d4 ,?r\gh 8 p>tn]1 ,hjor? 0 introduc$ to v>i\s electricians & m5 ( sci5ce1 among o!rs ! r5[n$ ,samuel ,b4 ,morse1 :o recomm5d$ ,hjor?'s ma*9e1 b took exception to 8 idea conc]n+ ! production ( en]gy4 ,! electrician :o repair$ ,hjor?'s ma*9e1 introduc$ him to ! presid5t ( ! ,fr5* ,socit d',enc\ragem5t1 :o _h propos$ a competition = electrical ma*9es1 & _h (f]$ a prize ( #cjjj fr4 = a ma*9e1 comply+ ) ! conditions giv54 ,hjor?'s ma*9e 0 s5t to ! society1 b he did n succe$ 9 obta9+ ! prize1 :i* 0 aw>d$ to ! subsequ5tly s fam\s ,alliance ma*9e4 ,on ! #g? ( ,july1 ,hjor?1 probably prompt$ by 8 p>tn]1 obta9$ an audi5ce ( ,emp]or ,napoleon ,,iii4 ,aft] he _h demon/rat$ 8 inv5tion1 & %[n ! lett] f ,pr(essor ,morse1 ! ,emp]or ask$ him :at he c\ld d = him1 & ,hjor? answ]$ t 8 highe/ desire 0 to h a l>g] ma*9e built1 & he reque/$ ! ,emp]or's protection & assi/ance1 9 ord] to accompli% ?is4 ,! ,emp]or ord]$ an exam9ation ( ! ma*9e to be made4 ,! well-kn[n ,pr(essor ,jam9 0 reta9$ z an exp]t1 & ,hjor? demon/rat$ ! ma*9e be=e him4 ,on ! foll[+ day x 0 exam9$1 9 ! pres5ce ( ,hjor? & 8 p>tn]1 by ,jam9 & o!r m5 ( sci5ce4 ,!y subsequ5tly _h ! ma*9e s5t to ! exposition1 :]e !y measur$ ! voltage & int5sity ( curr5t1 & express$ _! satisfaction1 z to ! results atta9$4 ,nev]!less ,hjor? 0 disappo9t$ to receive1 ! next day1 ?r\gh ! repres5tative ( ! ,emp]or1 ,g5]al ,fav1 a communication t ! subv5tion appli$ = c\ld n be grant$4 ,at ! exposition1 a great s5sation 0 creat$ by a dynamo exhibit$ by ,ladd4 ,?is ma*9e _h two electro-magnets & two armatures1 ! curr5t be+ direct$ f ! small] armature r\nd ! electro-magnets & tak5 f ! l>g] armature to ! ext]ior circuit1 lights = in/ance4 ,?us ! ma*9e 0 evid5tly built accord+ to ! dynamo pr9ciple4 ,9 ord] to claim 8 "r ( priority to ?is pr9ciple1 ,hjor? w5t to ! prom95t au?ority on physics1 ,c\nt ,?4 du ,moncel1 :o lat] on became ! editor ( ,la lumire lectrique4 ,z ,hjor? himself did n "k ,fr5*1 ! int]view probably took place ?r\gh 8 p>tn]4 ,ab\t ?is1 ,moncel writes 9 ! above m5tion$ p]iodical1 9 #ahhc1 t ,hjor?'s repres5tative 0 n v conv]sant ) electrical matt]s2 !re=e he 0 unable to express himself cle>ly1 & consequ5tly ,hjor?'s rights ( priority 7 n ackn[l$g$4 ,hav+ receiv$ ! ,emp]or's refusal1 ,hjor? w5t home1 brok5 d[n by illness & disappo9tm5ts4 ,9 #ahfh-fi ,hjor?1 due to ! int]e/ tak5 9 8 case by ! manufactur] ,mr4 ,khl]1 succe$$ 9 hav+ a small ma*9e built 9 ?is g5tleman's %op 9 ,korsr4 ,at ! same "t1 a l>g] ma*9e 0 made 9 ,cop5hag51 ! necess>y funds be+ contribut$ by sev]al c\ntry g5tlem5 & m]*ants int]e/$ 9 ! case4 ,f9ally1 9 ,decemb]1 #ahfh1 a body ( prom95t m5 address$ ! gov]nm5t1 petition+ a subv5tion ( #ae1jjj rixdoll>s to be giv5 to ,hjor?1 9 ord] to enable him to build a new & l>g] ma*9e4 ,z ! ,m9i/ry 0 n incl9$ to grant a sum ( ?is size1 x propos$ to grant #ajjj rixdoll>s1 9 ord] to h ! exi/+ ma*9es exam9$ by ,pr(essor ,hummel & o!r exp]ts4 ,?is proposition 0 accept$ by ,hjor?1 & a commission 0 =m$1 consi/+ ( ,pr(essor ,hummel1 assi/$ by ,pr(essor ,holt51 ,in/ructor ,lor5z & ,w9/rup1 a me*anic4 ,z e>ly z ,decemb]1 #ahfh1 ,pr(essor ,hummel1 toge!r ) head-ma/] ,ibs5 f ,sor1 _h visit$ dy] ,gli* ( ,*ri/ian%avn1 :]e "o ( ! ma*9es 0 locat$1 & !y made a few te/s1 :i* ,hummel himself did n consid] to be ( any importance4 ,! exp]im5ts 7 to be made 9 ,april1 #ahfi1 aft] an assi/ant _h made a prelim9>y exp]im5t1 b !n ,khl] report$ t he _h tak5 ! ma*9e ap>t1 9 ord] to make an alt]ation !re91 & t ?is w\ld take a c\ple ( mon?s4 ,x appe>s1 f a lett] f ,hjor? to ! ,m9i/ry ( ! ,int]ior1 t ,hjor? _h arriv$ at ! conclusion t he mu/ resort to ! use ( electro-magnets1 to a c]ta9 ext5t1 at lea/1 on acc\nt ( ! /eel1 by cont9u$ use1 los+ "p ( its magnetic p[]1 :i* necessitates its be+ re-magnetiz$1 & p>tly because x appe>s t electro-magnets may be made to yield a consid]ably l>g] magnetic p[] ?an /eel magnets1 by means ( ! electrical curr5t induc$ !reby4 ,z ?is *ange to ! dynamo pr9ciple 0 e/imat$ to co/ #djj rixdoll>s1 ,hjor? 0 in=m$1 9 ,april #ahfi1 t ?is am\nt w\ld be paid out ( ! sum1 grant$ = ! exp]im5ts1 :5 ! small] ma*9e _h be5 re-built4 ,hjor?'s answ] to ?is 0 a petition t ! #djj rixdoll>s might be sp5t on any batt]y1 :i* he might build4 ,h]eaft] ! case di$ out4 ,8 petition 0 n answ]$ until 9 ,april #ahgj1 & ! answ] 0 a refusal4--,at t "t ,hjor? 0 9 delicate heal?1 & 8 en]gy _h be5 brok51 & a few mon?'s aft]w>ds he di$1 on ! #bh? ( ,augu/1 #ahgj4 ,he 0 surviv$ by 8 wife1 :o di$ on ! #cj? ( ,septemb] #ahhe4 ,?is indefatigable work] did n succe$ 9 see+ or reap+ ! h>ve/ ( 8 "w = ! utilization ( electricity1--p]haps 8 aim _h be5 too high4 ,at a p]iod :5 9 all c\ntries /one 0 add$ to /one 9 ! f\ndation n[ support+ electrical eng9e]+1 we ,danes h also made our contribution4 ,hjor? did n possess ! pr(\nd k nor ! %>p] insight necess>y 9 ord] to avoid errors1 b 8 p]sev]ance1 8 indu/ry1 & 8 sacrifices1 ought to be ackn[l$g$1 & 8 "n ought to be v5]at$ on acc\nt ( 8 contributions to ! developm5t ( electric ma*9]y4 ,,footnote3 #i ,hjor?'s ,engli% passport1 f #ahee1 conta9s ?is in=mation3 ,height3 #e feet #g in*es1 ,complexion3 fre%1 ,eyes & ,hair3 grey4 ,,s\rces4 ,aft] ,hjor?'s dea?1 few knew t he _h discov]$ ! dynamo pr9ciple4 ,if ,hjor? himself _h und]/ood ! importance ( ?is discov]y1 & ! magnitude ( ! revolutions to be caus$ !reby1 he w\ld und\bt$ly h endeav\r$ to propagate ! k !re(4 ,x 0 n until #ahgi1 :5 ,colonel ,bolton read a pap] be=e ! ,society ( ,telegraph ,eng9e]s 9 ,london1 t ,hjor?'s pat5t ,no4 #baih1 ( #ahed1 0 aga9 br\ght out ( oblivion1 & accompani$ by ^! words3 ,?is appe>s to involve ! pr9ciple :i* 0 lat] on tak5 up by o!rs4 ,c\nt du ,moncel1 :o _h receiv$ ,hjor?'s repres5tative 9 #ahfg1 :5 read+ ^! words1 0 rem9d$ ( ! case4 ,!reaft] he has giv5 ,hjor? a fair r$ress 9 ! above-cit$ article 9 ! valuable p]iodical ,la lumire lectrique1 edit$ by him1 ! head+ be+ ,! ,actual ,inv5tor ( ! ,pr9ciple ( ! ,dynamo-,electric ,ma*9e4 ,among ! few pr9t$ s\rces ( in=mation conc]n+ ,sr5 ,hjor? & 8 inv5tions1 ! foll[+ may also be m5tion$3 ,c4 ,nyrop3 ,indu/ri=5+5 i ,kb5havn1 #ahch-ahhh4 ,du ,moncel3 ,l'clairage lectrique1 #ahhd1 page #ajb4 ,electrician1 ,july #h?1 #ahhb4 ,la lumire lectrique1 #ahhc1 ,,viii1 page #eh4 ,! mo/ important s\rce is ! pap]s1 left by ,hjor?1 :i* comprise a consid]able collection ( draw+s1 lett]s1 & r\gh copies ( lett]s writt5 by him4 ,^! docum5ts furni% full in=mation1 n only ( ,hjor?'s inv5tions1 b also ( 8 entire reason+ & mann] ( be+4 ,probably ! mo/ int]e/+ ( all are 8 note-books & sket*-books1 :]e9 he us$ to note d[n 8 ideas 9 ,engli%1 & :i* are accompani$ by neatly made1 col\r$ sket*es4 ,^! pap]s 7 n accessible to ! public until ! autumn ( #aijh1 & !y are n[ pres]v$ 9 ! ar*ives & libr>y ( ! ,polyte*nic ,in/itute 9 ,cop5hag54 ,important contributions to ,hjor?'s hi/ory h also be5 obta9$ f ! ,/ate ,ar*ives1 ! ,ar*ives ( ! ,society ( ,sci5ce1 ! ,ar*ives ( ! ,polyte*nic ,in/itute & f ! pap]s left by ,h4 ,c4 r/$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcrib]'s ,notes3 ,footnotes h be5 mov$ to ! end ( ea* *apt] & relabel$ consecutively ?r\gh ! docum5t4 ,illu/rations h be5 mov$ to p>agraph breaks ne> :]e !y are m5tion$4 ,punctuation has be5 made consi/5t4 ,v>iations 9 spell+ & hyph5ation 7 reta9$ z !y appe> 9 ! orig9al publication1 except t obvi\s typographical errors h be5 correct$4