,! dawn ( amateur radio 9 ! ,u4,k4 & ,greece3 a p]sonal view ,norman ,f4 ,joly4 ,,copyright #aiij ,london 3 ,joly1 #aiij4 - #aeap4 - #j-ieaefbh-j-j ,c ,o ,n ,t ,e ,n ,t ,s #j4 ,,prologue #a4 ,,! ,,developm5t ,,( ,,electricity #b4 ,,! ,,bir? ,,( ,,radio ,,communications #c4 ,,:at ,,is ,a ,,radio ,,amateur8 #d4 ,,! #aiba ,,amateur ,,transatlantic ,,te/s #e4 ,,! ,,fir/ ,,greek ,,radio ,,amateurs #f4 ,,_w ,,w> ,,ii ,,& ,,aft] ,,9 ,,greece #g4 ,,pione]s ,,9 ,,greece #h4 ,,p]sonal ,,rem9isc5ces ,,anecdotes #i4 ,,miscellany #aj4 ,,gloss>y ,,= ,,non-,,te*nical ,,read]s ,prologue ,?ales ( ,miletus4 ,?ales1 :o 0 born 9 #fdj ,b4,c41 0 a man ( exceptional wisdom & "o ( ! ,sev5 ,sages ( ,anci5t ,greece4 ,he 0 ! fa!r ( ,greek1 & consequ5tly ( ,european philosophy & sci5ce4 ,8 speculations embrac$ a wide range ( subjects relat+ to political z well z to cele/ial matt]s4 ,"o mu/ rememb] t ev5 up to ! #ah? c5tury !re 0 no cle> di/9ction betwe5 philosophy & sci5ce1 bo? be+ products ( ! human m9d 9 its attempts to expla9 reality4 ,?ales _h /udi$ a/ronomy 9 ,egypt s he 0 able to draw up accurate tables =eca/+ :5 ! ,riv] ,nile w\ld be 9 flood4 ,b he fir/ became widely kn[n by anticipat+ an eclipse ( ! sun = ,may #ehe ,b4,c41 :i* happ5$ to co9cide ) ! f9al battle ( ! w> betwe5 ! ,lydians & ! ,p]sians4 ,he _h us$ "s tables drawn up by ,babylonian a/ronom]s1 b he did n succe$ 9 =eca/+ ! exact day 7,may #bh?7 or ! h\r ( ! spectacul> ev5t4 ,x c well be said t ,?ales 0 ! fir/ man ev] record$ to h corn]$ ! m>ket 9 a commodity3 hav+ =ese5 a ?ree-ye> dr\ght he b\ght up l>ge quantities ( olive oil & /or$ x = sale at a lat] date4 ,b :o c\ld possibly h imag9$ t "o ( ,?ales' orig9al speculations w\ld affect ! ,radio ,amateurs ( ! #bj? ,c5tury8 ,he believ$ t c]ta9 inanimate sub/ances1 l lode/ones 7magnetic rocks7 & ! res9 amb]1 possess$ psy*e 7a s\l74 ,_m c5turies _h to elapse be=e ?is s\l 0 id5tifi$ z /atic electricity & magnetism & h>ness$ = ! g5]ation ( ma9s electricity :i* dramatically alt]$ ! patt]n ( life on our planet--& also l$ to ! creation ( our hobby ( ,amateur ,radio4 ,ab\t #djj ye>s ago an ,engli% sci5ti/ call$ ,william ,gilb]t 7#aedd-afjc71 :o _h read ab\t ! unexpla9$ obs]vation ( ,?ales1 also became int]e/$ 9 ! intangible prop]ty & decid$ to call x electricity1 f ! classical ,greek ^w = amb]1 :i* is electron4 ,,*apt] ,,"o ,,! ,,developm5t ,,( ,,electricity ,! ph5om5on :i* ,?ales _h obs]v$ & record$ five c5turies be=e ! bir? ( ,*ri/ ar\s$ ! int]e/ ( _m sci5ti/s ?r\gh ! ages4 ,!y made v>i\s practical exp]im5ts 9 _! ef=ts to id5tify ! elusive =ce :i* ,?ales _h lik5$ to a 's\l' & :i* we n[ "k to h be5 /atic electricity4 ,( all =ms ( en]gy1 electricity is ! mo/ baffl+ & difficult to describe4 ,an electric curr5t _c be se54 ,9 fact x does n exi/ outside ! wires & o!r conductors :i* c>ry x4 ,a live wire c>ry+ a curr5t looks exactly ! same & weighs exactly ! same z x does :5 x is n c>ry+ a curr5t4 ,an electric curr5t is simply a movem5t or fl[ ( electrons4 ,b5jam9 ,frankl91 ! ,am]ican /atesman & sci5ti/ born 9 ,bo/on 9 #agjf1 inve/igat$ ! nature ( ?und] & lightn+ by fly+ a *ild's kite dur+ a ?und]/orm4 ,he _h atta*$ a metal spike to ! kite1 & at ! o!r end ( ! /r+ to :i* ! kite 0 ti$ he secur$ a key4 ,z ! ra9 soak$ into ! /r+1 electricity fl[$ freely d[n ! /r+ & ,frankl9 0 able to draw l>ge sp>ks f ! key4 ,( c\rse ?is c\ld h be5 v dang]\s1 b he _h =ese5 x & _h support$ ! /r+ ?r\gh an insulator4 ,he obs]v$ t ?is electricity _h ! same prop]ties z ! /atic electricity produc$ by friction4 ,b long be=e ,frankl9 _m o!r sci5ti/s _h c>ri$ out rese>* into ! nature ( electricity4 ,9 ,engl& ,william ,gilb]t 7#aedd-afjc7 _h notic$ t ! p[]s ( attraction & repulsion ( two non-metallic rods :i* he _h rubb$ briskly 7 simil> to ^? ( lode/one & amb]--!y _h acquir$ ! curi\s quality we call magnetism4 ,rememb]+ ,?ales ( old he co9$ ! ^w 'electricity'4 ,otto von ,gu]icke 7#afjb-afhf7 a ,mayor ( ,magdeburg 9 ,g]many1 0 an amateur sci5ti/ :o _h con/ruct$ all mann] ( gadgets4 ,"o ( !m 0 a ma*9e consi/+ ( two glass discs revolv+ 9 opposite directions :i* produc$ high voltage *>ges ?r\gh friction4 ,ramsd5 & ,wim%ur/ built improv$ v]sions ( ! ma*9e4 ,a significant break?r\gh occurr$ :5 ,aless&ro ,volta 7#agde-ahbg7 9 ,italy con/ruct$ a simple electric cell 79 #agii7 :i* produc$ a fl[ ( electrons by *emical means4 ,two plates1 "o ( copp] & ! o!r ( z9c1 7 plac$ 9 an acid solution & a curr5t fl[$ ?r\gh an ext]nal wire connect+ ! two plates4 ,lat] he connect$ cells 9 s]ies 7voltaic pile7 :i* consi/$ ( alt]nate lay]s ( z9c & copp] discs sep>at$ by flannel discs soak$ 9 br9e or acid :i* produc$ a high] electric pressure 7voltage74 ,b ,volta nev] f\nd ! "r explanation ( :y 8 cell 0 work+4 ,he ?\ght ! fl[ ( electric curr5t 0 due to ! contact betwe5 ! two metals1 :]eas 9 fact x results f ! *emical action ( ! electrolyte on ! z9c plate4 ,h[ev]1 8 discov]y prov$ to be ( incalculable value 9 rese>*1 z x enabl$ sci5ti/s to c>ry out exp]im5ts :i* l$ to ! discov]ies ( ! heat+1 light+1 *emical & magnetic effects ( electricity4 ,"o ( ! _m sci5ti/s & physici/s :o took advantage ( ! 'curr5t electricity' made possible by ,volta's cells 0 ,hans ,*ri/ian ,o]/$ 7#aggg-ahea7 ( ,d5m>k4 ,l _m o!rs he 0 look+ = a connection betwe5 ! age-old /udy ( magnetism & electricity1 b n[ he 0 able to pass electric curr5ts ?r\gh wires & place magnets 9 v>i\s positions ne> ! wires4 ,8 epo*-mak+ discov]y :i* e/abli%$ = ! fir/ "t ! relation%ip betwe5 magnetism & electricity 0 9 fact an accid5t4 ,:ile lectur+ to /ud5ts he %[$ !m t ! curr5t fl[+ 9 a wire held ov] a magnetic compass ne$le & at "r angles to x 7t is ea/-we/7 _h no effect on ! ne$le4 ,o]/$ sugge/$ to 8 assi/ant t he might try hold+ ! wire p>allel to ! l5g? ( ! ne$le 7nor?-s\?7 & hey pre/o1 ! ne$le 0 deflect$6 ,he _h /umbl$ ^u ! electromagnetic effect 9 ! fir/ record$ in/ance ( a wire behav+ l a magnet :5 a curr5t is pass$ ?r\gh x4 ,a developm5t ( ,o]/$'s demon/ration ) ! compass ne$le 0 us$ to con/ruct ! _w's fir/ sy/em ( signal+ by ! use ( electricity4 ,9 #ahcg ,*>les ,:eat/one & ,william ,cooke took out a pat5t = ! _w's fir/ ,five-ne$le ,telegraph1 :i* 0 in/all$ betwe5 ,padd+ton railway /ation 9 we/ ,london & ,we/ ,drayton /ation a few miles away4 ,! five copp] wires requir$ = ?is sy/em 7 emb$d$ 9 blocks ( wood4 ,electrolysis1 ! *emical decomposition ( a sub/ance into its con/itu5t elem5ts by ! action ( an electric curr5t1 0 discov]$ by ! ,engli% *emi/s ,c>lisle & ,william ,ni*olson 7#agec-ahae74 ,if an electric curr5t is pass$ ?r\gh wat] x is brok5 d[n into ! two elem5ts ( :i* x is compos$--hydrog5 & oxyg54 ,! process is us$ ext5sively 9 mod]n indu/ry = electroplat+4 ,mi*ael ,f>aday 7#agia-ahfg7 :o 0 employ$ z a *emi/ at ! ,royal ,in/itution1 0 responsible = introduc+ _m ( ! te*nical t]ms connect$ ) electrolysis1 l electrolyte = ! liquid ?r\gh :i* ! electric curr5t is pass$1 & anode & ca?ode = ! positive & negative electrodes respectively4 ,he also e/abli%$ ! laws ( ! process itself4 ,b mo/ p rememb] 8 "n 9 connection ) 8 practical demon/ration ( electromagnetic induction4 ,9 ,france ,&re-,m>ie ,amp]e 7#agge-ahcf7 c>ri$ out a complete ma!matical /udy ( ! laws :i* gov]n ! int]action betwe5 wires c>ry+ electric curr5ts4 ,9 ,g]many 9 #ahbf a ,bav>ian s*oolma/] ,georg ,ohm 7#aghi-ahed7 _h def9$ ! relation%ip betwe5 electric pressure 7voltage71 curr5t 7fl[ rate7 & resi/ance 9 a circuit 7,ohm's law7 b #af ye>s _h to elapse be=e he receiv$ recognition = 8 "w4 ,sci5ti/s 7 n[ conv9c$ t s9ce ! fl[ ( an electric curr5t 9 a wire or a coil ( wire caus$ x to acquire magnetic prop]ties1 ! opposite might also prove to be true3 a magnet c\ld possibly be us$ to g5]ate a fl[ ( electricity4 ,mi*ael ,f>aday _h work$ on ?is problem = t5 ye>s :5 f9ally1 9 #ahcj1 he gave 8 fam\s lecture 9 :i* he demon/rat$1 = ! fir/ "t 9 hi/ory1 ! pr9ciple ( electromagnetic induction4 ,he _h con/ruct$ p[]ful electromagnets consi/+ ( coils ( wire4 ,:5 he caus$ ! magnetic l9es ( =ce surr\nd+ "o coil to rise & fall by int]rupt+ or v>y+ ! fl[ ( curr5t1 a simil> curr5t 0 induc$ 9 a neighb\r+ coil closely c\pl$ to ! fir/4 ,! colossal importance ( ,f>aday's discov]y 0 t x pav$ ! way = ! g5]ation ( electricity by me*anical means4 ,h[ev]1 z c be se5 f ! draw+1 ! basic g5]ator produces an alt]nat+ fl[ ( curr5t47,a4,c47 ,rotat+ a coil ( wire /eadily ?r\gh a complete revolution 9 ! /eady magnetic field betwe5 ! nor? & s\? poles ( a magnet results 9 an electromotive =ce 7,e4,m4,f47 at its t]m9als :i* rises 9 value1 falls back to z]o1 rev]ses 9 a negative direction1 rea*es a peak & aga9 returns to z]o4 ,?is completes "o cycle or s9e wave4 7#a;,hz 9 ,s4,i4units74 ,9 rec5t ye>s o!r me?ods h be5 develop$ = g5]at+ electrical p[] 9 relatively small quantities = special applications4 ,semiconductors1 :i* comb9e heat insulation ) good electrical conduction1 are us$ = !rmoelectric g5]ators to p[] isolat$ wea!r /ations1 artificial satellites1 und]sea cables & m>k] buoys4 ,specially develop$ diode valves are us$ z !rmionic g5]ators ) an effici5cy1 at pres5t1 ( only #bj b ! heat tak5 away f ! anode is us$ to raise /eam = conv5tional p[] g5]ation4 ,sir ,humphry ,davy 7#aggh-ahbi7 "o ( ,brita9's lead+ *emi/s ( ! #ah? c5tury1 is be/ rememb]$ = 8 safety lamp = m9]s :i* cut d[n ! risk ( me?ane gas explosions 9 m9es4 ,x 0 ,davy :o fir/ demon/rat$ t electricity c\ld be us$ to produce light4 ,he connect$ two c>bon rods to a heavy duty /orage batt]y4 ,:5 he t\*$ ! tips ( ! rods toge!r a v bright :ite light 0 produc$4 ,z he drew ! rods ap>t1 ! arc light p]si/$ until ! tips _h burnt away to ! critical gap :i* ext+ui%$ ! light4 ,z a rese>*] & lectur] at ! ,royal ,in/itution ,davy work$ closely ) ,mi*ael ,f>aday :o fir/ jo9$ ! in/itution z 8 mans]vant & lat] became 8 secret>y4 ,davy's cr[n+ hon\r 9 ! sci5tific _w came 9 #ahbj1 :5 he 0 elect$ ,presid5t ( ! ,royal ,society4 ,9 ! ,u4,s4,a4 ! prolific inv5tor ,?omas ,alva ,edison 7#ahdg-aica7 :o _h inv5t$ ! inc&esc5t c>bon filam5t bulb1 built a numb] ( electricity g5]ators 9 ! vic9ity ( ! ,niag>a ,falls4 ,^! us$ ! p[] ( ! fall+ wat] to drive hydraulic turb9es :i* 7 c\pl$ to ! dynamos4 ,^! g5]ators 7 fitt$ ) a sp9n+ swit* or commutator 7"o ( ! neate/ gadgets ,edison ev] inv5t$7 to make ! curr5t fl[ 9 unidirectional pulses 7,d4,c47 ,9 #ahgf all electrical equipm5t 0 p[]$ by direct curr5t4 ,today ma9s electricity plays a vital "p 9 our ev]yday lives & its applications are widespread & /agg]+ 9 _! imm5sity4 ,b we mu/ n =get t popul> dem& = ?is conv5i5t =m ( p[] arose only ab\t #ajj ye>s ago1 ma9ly = illum9ation4 ,rec5t exp]im5ts 9 sup]conductivity1 us+ c]amic in/ead metal conductors h giv5 u an excit+ glimpse into :at might be a*iev$ = improv+ effici5cy 9 ! di/ribution ( electric p[]4 ,hi/orians ( ! future may well *>act]ise ! #bj? c5tury z '! c5tury ( electricity electronics'4 ,b ,edison's ,d4,c4 g5]ators c\ld n 9 !mselves1 h a*iev$ ! spectacul> progress t has be5 made4 ,all ov] ! _w we dep5d totally on a sy/em ( transmitt+ ma9s electricity ov] long di/ances :i* 0 orig9ally creat$ by an amaz+ inv5tor ^: sci5tific discov]ies *ang$1 & are /ill *ang+1 ! :ole _w4 ,8 "n 0 sc>cely kn[n to ! g5]al public1 especially 9 ,europe1 :]e he 0 born4 ,:o 0 ?is unkn[n pione]8 ,"s p reckon t x 0 ?is a/oni%+ vision>y :o inv5t$ wireless1 remote control1 robotics & a =m ( ,x-ray photography us+ high frequ5cy radio waves4 ,a pat5t :i* he took out 9 ! ,u4,s4,a4 9 #ahij ultimately l$ to ! design ( ! humble ignition coil :i* en]gises billions & billions ( sp>k plugs 9 all ! motor c>s ( ! _w4 ,8 ,am]ican pat5ts fill a book two in*es ?ick4 ,8 "n 0 ,nicola ,tesla 7#ahef-aidc74 ,nicola ,tesla 0 born 9 a small village 9 ,croatia :i* at t "t =m$ "p ( ! great ,au/ro-,hung>ian ,empire4 ,today x is a nor!rn prov9ce ( ,yugoslavia1 a /ate creat$ aft] ! #aiad-aiah w>4 ,tesla /udi$ at ! ,graz ,te*nical ,univ]sity & lat] 9 ,budape/4 ,e>ly 9 8 /udies he _h ! idea t a way _h to be f\nd to run electric motors directly f ,a4,c4 g5]ators4 ,8 pr(essor 9 ,graz _h assur$ him categorically t ?is 0 n possible4 ,b "y ,tesla 0 n conv9c$4 ,:5 he w5t to ,budape/ he got a job 9 ! ,c5tral ,telegraph ,(fice1 & "o ev5+ 9 #ahhb1 z he 0 sitt+ on a b5* 9 ! ,city ,p>k he _h an inspiration :i* ultimately l$ to ! solution ( ! problem4 ,tesla rememb]$ a poem by ! ,g]man poet ,goe! ab\t ! sun :i* supports life on ! e>? & :5 ! day is ov] moves on to give life to ! o!r side ( ! globe4 ,he pick$ up a twig & began to scrat* a draw+ on ! soil 9 front ( him4 ,he drew f\r coils arrang$ symmetrically r\nd ! circumf]5ce ( a circle4 ,9 ! c5tre he drew a rotor or armature4 ,z ea* coil 9 turn 0 en]gis$ x attract$ ! rotor t[>ds x & ! rot>y motion 0 e/abli%$4 ,:5 he con/ruct$ ! fir/ practical models he us$ eight1 sixte5 & ev5 m coils4 ,! simple draw+ on ! gr\nd l$ to ! design ( ! fir/ induction motor driv5 directly by ,a4,c4electricity4 ,tesla emigrat$ to ! ,u4,s4,a4 9 #ahhd4 ,dur+ ! fir/ ye> he fil$ no less ?an #cj pat5ts mo/ly 9 relation to ! g5]ation & di/ribution ( ,a4,c4 ma9s electricity4 ,he design$ & built 8 ',a4,c4 ,polyphase ,sy/em' :i* g5]at$ ?ree-phase alt]nat+ curr5t at #be ,hz4 ,"o p>ticul> unit deliv]$ #dbb amp]es at #ab1jjj volts4 ,! beauty ( ?is sy/em 0 t ! voltage c\ld be /epp$ d[n us+ trans=m]s = local use1 or /epp$ up to _m ?\s&s ( volts = transmission ov] long di/ances ?r\gh relatively ?9 conductors4 ,edison's g5]at+ /ations 7 incapable ( any su* ?+4 ,tesla sign$ a lucrative contract ) ! fam\s railway eng9e] ,george ,we/+h\se1 ! inv5tor ( ! ,we/+h\se ,air ,brake :i* is us$ by mo/ railways all ov] ! _w to ! pres5t day4 ,_! g5]at+ /ation 0 put into s]vice 9 #ahie & 0 call$ ! ,niag>a ,falls ,electricity ,g5]at+ ,company4 ,x suppli$ p[] = ! ,we/+h\se network ( tra9s & also = an indu/rial complex 9 ,buffalo1 ,new ,york4 ,aft] t5 ye>s ,tesla began to exp]im5t ) high frequ5cies4 ,! ,tesla ,coil :i* he _h pat5t$ 9 #ahij 0 capable ( rais+ voltages to unhe>d ( levels su* z #cjj1jjj volts4 ,edison1 :o 0 /ill g5]at+ ,d4,c41 claim$ ,a4,c4 0 dang]\s & to prove x contract$ ) ! gov]nm5t to produce ! fir/ electric *air us+ ,a4,c4 = ! execution ( murd]]s condemn$ to dea?4 ,:5 x 0 fir/ us$ x 0 a gha/ly flop4 ,! condemn$ man moan$ & groan$ & foam$ at ! m\?4 ,aft] f\r m9utes ( repeat$ application ( ! ,a4,c4voltage smoke began to come out ( 8 back4 ,x 0 obvi\s t ! victim _h suff]$ a horribly drawn-out dea?4 ,tesla said he c\ld prove t ,a4,c4 0 n dang]\s4 ,he gave a demon/ration ( high voltage electricity fl[+ h>mlessly ov] 8 body4 ,b 9 reality1 he *eat$1 because he _h us$ a frequ5cy ( #aj1jjj cycles 7#aj k,hz7 at extremely l[ curr5t & because ( ! sk9 effect suff]$ no h>m4 ,"o ( ,tesla's pat5ts relat$ to a sy/em ( light+ us+ glass tubes fill$ ) fluor9e 7n neon7 excit$ by ,h4,f4voltages4 ,8 work%op 0 lit by ?is me?od4 ,sev]al ye>s be=e ,wilhelm ,ro5tg5 demon/rat$ 8 sy/em ( ,x-rays ,tesla _h be5 tak+ photographs ( ! bones 9 8 h& & 8 foot f up to #dj feet away us+ ,h4,f4curr5ts4 ,m a/oni%+ /ill is ! fact t 9 #ahic1 two ye>s be=e ,m>coni demon/rat$ 8 sy/em ( wireless signal+1 ,tesla _h built a model boat 9 :i* he comb9$ p[] to drive x ) radio control & robotics4 ,he put ! small boat 9 a lake 9 ,madison ,squ>e ,g>d5s 9 ,new ,york4 ,/&+ on ! %ore ) a control box1 he invit$ onlook]s to sugge/ movem5ts4 ,he 0 able to make ! boat g =w>ds & backw>ds & r\nd 9 circles4 ,we all "k h[ model c>s & aircraft are controll$ by radio today1 b :5 ,tesla did x a c5tury ago ! motor c> _h n be5 inv5t$1 & ! only me?od by :i* man c\ld cov] long di/ances 0 on horseback6 ,_m p believe t a modification ( ,tesla's ',magnify+ ,transmitt]' 0 us$ by ! ,soviet ,union :5 sudd5ly "o day 9 ,octob] #aigf !y produc$ an amaz+ noise :i* blott$ out all radio transmissions betwe5 #f & #bj ,m,hz4 7,! ,woodpeck]7 ,! ,b4,b4,c41 ! ,n4,b4,c4 & mo/ broadca/+ & telecommunication organisations ( ! _w compla9$ to ,mosc[ 7! noise _h p]si/$ cont9u\sly = #aj h\rs on ! fir/ day71 b all ! ,russians w\ld say 9 reply 0 t !y 7 c>ry+ out an exp]im5t4 ,at fir/ nobody seem$ to "k :at !y 7 do+ because x 0 obvi\sly n int5d$ z ano!r =m ( jamm+ ( =eign broadca/s1 an old ,russian cu/om z we all "k4 ,x is believ$ t 9 ! pursuit ( 8 life's ambition to s5d p[] ?r\gh ! e>? )\t ! use ( wires1 ,tesla _h a*iev$ a small measure ( success at ,e4,l4,f4 7extremely l[ frequ5cies7 ( ! ord] ( #g to #ab ,hz4 ,^! frequ5cies are at pres5t us$ by ! milit>y = communicat+ ) subm>9es subm]g$ 9 ! oceans ( ! _w4 ,tesla's c>e] & private life h rema9$ some?+ ( a my/]y4 ,he liv$ alone & %unn$ public life4 ,he nev] read any ( 8 pap]s be=e academic in/itutions1 ?\gh he 0 fri5dly ) "s j\rnali/s :o wrote s5sational /ories ab\t him4 ,!y said he 0 t]rifi$ ( microbes & t :5 he ate out at a re/aurant he w\ld ask = a numb] ( clean napk9s to wipe ! cutl]y & ! glasses he drank out (4 ,= ! la/ #bj ye>s ( 8 life until he di$ dur+ ,_w ,w> ,,ii 9 #aidc he liv$ ! life ( a semi-recluse1 ) a pigeon z 8 only companion4 ,a disa/r\s fire _h de/roy$ 8 work%ops & _m ( 8 exp]im5tal models & all 8 pap]s 7 lo/ = ev]4 ,tesla _h mov$ to ,colorado ,spr+s :]e he built 8 l>ge/ ev] coil :i* 0 #eb feet 9 diamet]4 ,he /udi$ all ! diff]5t =ms ( lightn+ 9 8 unsuccessful que/ = ! transmission ( p[] )\t wires4 ,9 ,yugoslavia1 ,tesla is a national h]o & a well-equipp$ museum 9 ,belgrade conta9s abundant pro( ( ! g5ius ( ?is extraord9>y man4 ,,*apt] ,,two ,,! ,,bir? ,,( ,,radio ,,communications ,by #ahej mo/ ( ! basic electrical ph5om5a _h be5 inve/igat$4 ,h[ev]1 ,james ,cl]k ,maxwell 7#ahca-ahgi71 ,pr(essor ( ,exp]im5tal ,physics at ,cambridge !n came up ) some?+ entirely new4 ,by "s elegant ma!matics he _h %[n ! probable exi/5ce ( electromagnetic waves ( radiation4 ,b x 0 tw5ty f\r ye>s lat] 7eight ye>s aft] ,maxwell's dea?7 t ,he9ri* ,h]tz 7#aheg-ahid7 9 ,g]many gave a practical demon/ration ( ! accuracy ( ?is !ory4 ,he g5]at$ & detect$ electromagnetic waves across ! l5g? ( 8 laboratory on a wavel5g? ( approximately "o metre4 ,8 own photograph ( ! equipm5t he _h set up c be se5 9 ! ,deuts*es ,museum 9 ,muni*4 ,to detect ! electromagnetic waves ,h]tz employ$ a simple =m ( oscillator1 :i* he t]m$ a resonator4 ,b x 0 n s5sitive en\gh to detect waves at any great di/ance4 ,be=e wireless telegraphy c\ld become practicable1 a m delicate detector 0 necess>y4 ,cr$it is due to ,ed\>d ,branly 7#ahdd-aidj7 ( ,france = produc+ ! fir/ practical in/rum5t = detect+ ,h]tzian waves1 ! coh]]4 ,x consi/$ ( two metal cyl9d]s ) leads atta*$1 fitt$ tightly into ! int]ior ( a glass tube conta9+ iron or /eel fil+s4 ,! in/ant an electric dis*>ge ( any sort occurr$ ! coh]] became conductive1 & if x 0 tapp$ lightly its conduct+ prop]ty 0 imm$iately de/roy$4 ,9 practice ! tapp+ 0 done automatically by a tapp] :i* came into action ! mom5t ! coh]] became conductive4 ,9 ,russia ! physici/ ,aleks&r ,popov 7#ahei-aije7 _h us$ a coh]] :ile engag$ 9 ! inve/igation ( ! effects ( lightn+ dis*>ges4 ,he sugge/$ t su* dis*>ges c\ld possibly be us$ = signal+ ov] long di/ances4 ,old tim]s may rememb] t ab\t #ej ye>s ago ,russian amateurs us$ to s5d out a ,,qsl c>d ) a draw+ ( ,popov & a caption :i* claim$ t he 0 '! inv5tor ( radio'4 ,9 ,italy1 a "y #bb-ye>-old electrician became int]e/$ 9 electromagnetic radiation aft] read+ pap]s by ,pr(essor ,augu/o ,righi 7#ahej-aiba74 ,x 0 ,guglielmo ,m>coni 7#ahgd-aicg71 ! son ( a well-to-d l&[n] :o liv$ 9 ,bologna1 & :o 0 m>ri$ to ,annie ,jameson ( ! well kn[n ,iri% ,:iskey family4 ,guglielmo1 _! second son1 _h 8 e>ly education at a private s*ool 9 ,b$=d1 ,engl&1 & lat] at ,livorno & ,flor5ce 9 ,italy4 ,:5 he read ab\t ! exp]im5ts ( ,he9ri* ,h]tz & ab\t ,popov's sugge/ion1 he saw ! possibility ( us+ ^! waves z a means ( signal+4 ,8 fir/ transmitt]1 %[n 9 ! accompany+ photograph1 did n radiate v f>4 ,:5 he fold$ ! metal plate into a cyl9d] & plac$ x on a pole #cj feet above ! induction coil & connect$ to x by a v]tical wire1 he 0 able to detect ! radiation ne>ly two kilometres away4 ,m>coni realis$ t 8 signal+ sy/em w\ld be mo/ useful to %ipp+1 & 9 ^? days ,engl& possess$ ! _w's greate/ navy & ! _w's bigge/ m]*ant fleet4 ,! ,italian gov]nm5t 0 n int]e/$ 9 "y ,m>coni's "w1 s aft] a family conf]5ce he 0 br\ght to ,london by 8 "m1 :o _h influ5tial relatives !re4 ,n only did !y f9ance 8 e>ly exp]im5ts b !y also put him 9 t\* ) ! "r sort ( p4 ,"o ( ^! 0 ,alan ,a4 ,campbell ,sw9ton :o became ! fir/ ,presid5t ( ! ,radio ,society ( ,london 7n[ ! ,r4,s4,g4,b47 _m ye>s lat]1 9 #aiac4 ,campbell ,sw9ton introduc$ ! "y ,italian to ,william ,preece1 !n ,eng9e]-9-,*ief ( ! ,briti% ,po/ ,(fice4 ,preece _h already be5 inve/igat+ v>i\s me?ods ( 'induction' telegraphy4 ,9 a book entitl$ ,wireless ,telegraphy publi%$ 9 #aijh1 ,william ,j4 ,:ite ( ! ,eng9e]-9-,*ief's dep>tm5t at ! ,g4,p4,o4 wrote1 ,! "w ( ,sir 7!n ,mr7 ,william ,preece1 important ?\gh x 01 did n attract ! att5tion ( ! public to ! ext5t t might h be5 expect$4 ,?is 0 due to ! fact t no soon] _h he demon/rat$ a me?od ( wireless telegraphy :i* 0 a comm]cial possibility ?an 8 sy/em 0 sup]s$$ by ano!r1 & a bett] "o1 br\ght to ,engl& by ,mr ,guglielmo ,m>coni 9 #ahif4 ,! possibilities ( ,mr ,m>coni's sy/em 7 at once recognis$ by ,mr ,william ,preece4 ,! exp]i5ce ( ! eld] & ! g5ius ( ! y\ng] man1 :o mu/ be giv5 ! cr$it ( hav+ devis$ ! fir/ practical sy/em = wireless telegraphy1 comb9$ to turn app>5tly disa/r\s failures into success1 & n[ 79 #aijh71 wireless telegraphy has become1 9 less ?an a decade1 "p & p>cel ( comm]cial & national life4 ,! _w's fir/ pat5t = wireless telegraphy 0 aw>d$ to ,m>coni on ! #bnd ,june #ahif4 ,9 x he /at$ t electrical action c be transmitt$ ?r\gh ! e>?1 air or wat]1 by means ( oscillations ( high frequ5cy4 ,9 ! fir/ public demon/ration ( 8 equipm5t ,m>coni spann$ ! #cfe metres betwe5 ! ,g4,p4,o4 & ,victoria /reet4 ,lat]1 on ,salisbury ,pla91 9 ,m>* #ahig1 8 signals 7 detect$ ov] #g kilometres away4 ,on ! #aa? #ah? ,may #ahig messages 7 fir/ ex*ang$ ov] wat]4 ,on ! #bg? ( ,m>* #ahii1 dur+ naval manoeuvres1 ,m>coni bridg$ ! ,engli% ,*annel = ! fir/ "t1 a di/ance ( ab\t #adj kilometres4 ,8 transatlantic triumph came on ! #ab? ,decemb] #aija :5 ! morse lett] ',s' 0 transmitt$ f ,poldhu1 9 ,cornwall & receiv$ by ,m>coni himself at ,/4 ,john's1 ,newf\ndl&1 :o record$ ! hi/oric ev5t 9 8 pocket book simply ,sigs at #ab4bj1 #a4aj #b4bj4 ,! op]ation ( ,m>coni's transmitt] 0 itself q spectacul>4 ,to produce ! oscillations he employ$ ! oscillator design$ by ,augu/o ,righi4 ,depress+ ! key clos$ ! circuit & br\ght ! inductor coil into action4 ,vivid sp>ks occurr$ betwe5 ! balls ( ! oscillator1 to ! accompanim5t ( a succession ( %>p cracks1 l ! reports ( a pi/ol1 & "s en]gy 0 s5t (f ! squ>e metal plate 9 ! =m ( tra9s ( electromagnetic waves1 :i* radiat$ out 9 all directions4 ,b ! en]gy occupi$ a v l>ge b&wid? & ! receiv]s ( t p]iod c\ld n sep>ate two transmissions4 ,william ,j4 ,:ite ( ! ,po/ ,(fice wrote 9 #aijh1 ,! *ief objection :i* has be5 rais$ aga9/ mod]n wireless telegraphy is its want ( secrecy4 ,) a transmitt] s5d+ out waves 9 all directions1 x is possible = unscrupul\s p]sons to receive ! messages & make an improp] use ( !m4 ,?is =m ( 'sci5tific hooliganism' has1 9 fact1 become some:at notori\s4 ,:5 two or ?ree transmitt]s are ea* s5d+ out _! electromagnetic waves1 ! result1 naturally1 is utt] confusion4 ,:ite add$ t ! ,briti% ,po/al ,adm9i/ration 0 refus+ to grant lic5ces = m ?an "o sy/em 9 ! same area1 9 spite ( ! fact t !re _h be5 "s 'alleg$' solutions ( ! problem4 ,! ph5om5on ( resonance 0 kn[n & ,dr 7lat] ,sir ,oliv]7 ,lodge _h tak5 out v>i\s pat5ts betwe5 #ahhi & #ahih 9 connection ) receiv]s4 ,m>coni & 8 assi/ants ultimately solv$ ! problem by modify+ ,lodge's syntonic ,leyd5 j> tun$ circuit4 ,!y add$ a tapp$ inductance 9 ! a]ial circuit ( ! transmitt] & us$ v>iable capacitors in/ead ( fix$ ones4 ,?is 0 probably ! mo/ significant modification made 9 ! developm5t ( wireless telegraphy4 7,9 ,greek ! ^w syntonismos 'to br+ to equal tone' is us$ = 'tun+'47 ,ap>t f ! pat5ts tak5 out by ,sir ,oliv] ,lodge & ,dr ,alex&] ,muirhead1 9 #ahig1 pat5ts 7 tak5 out 9 ,g]many by ,pr(essor ,braun ( ,/rasb\rg1 :o 0 jo9$ by ,pr(essor ,slaby & ,c\nt ,d',arco 9 #aijc to =m ! ,telefunk5 company1 & 9 ! ,u4,s4,a4 by ,dr ,lee ,de ,=e/ ( ! ,am]ican ,de ,=e/ ,wireless ,telegraph ,company :o 0 ! fir/ to use a high ,a4,c4 voltage ( #bj1jjj volts to obta9 ! necess>y high-pot5tial dis*>ges1 ?us disp5s+ ) ! induction coil4 ,aga9 9 ! ,u4,s4,a41 ,pr(essor ,r4,o4,fess5d5 0 responsible = ! design ( new types ( transmitt+ & receiv+ app>atus4 ,dur+ ?is p]iod ,m>coni _h resi/$ all (f]s by f9anci]s to acquire 8 pat5ts4 ,9 ,july #ahig he entru/$ 8 c\s9 ,jameson ,davis to =m ,! ,wireless ,telegraph ,signal ,company ,ltd :i* soon became ,m>coni's ,wireless ,telegraph ,co41 & ultimately ! ,m>coni ,company4 ,william ,preece ( ! ,po/ ,(fice deta*$ "o ( 8 assi/ants1 ,george ,s4 ,kemp1 to help ,m>coni4 ,kemp 0 de/9$ to become 8 "r-h& man & s]v$ ,m>coni fai?fully ?r\gh\t 8 life4 ,by today's /&>ds1 ,m>coni c be said to h be5 a highly successful entrepr5eur4 ,he _h ! great knack ( select+ ! "r man = ! job1 & inspir$ deep loyalty 9 8 /aff4 ,he reg>d$ himself z an 'amateur' & (t5 paid tribute to ! "w ( radio exp]im5t]s4 7,mo/ ( ! above passages are quot$ f ',a ,hi/ory ( ! ,m>coni ,company' by ,w4,j4,bak]1 publi%$ by ,me?u5 ,co ,ltd4 repr9t$ 9 #aigi47 ,,*apt] ,,?ree ,,! ,,radio ,,amateur ,,movem5t ,f ! turn ( ! c5tury en?usia/ic "y m5 :o built _! own items ( electrical & wireless app>atus 7 kn[n z ,wireless ,exp]im5t]s4 ,_m ( !m 7 lat] grant$ lic5ces = ! use ( ,wireless ,telegraphy = exp]im5tal purposes 79 ! ,unit$ ,k+dom7 by ! ,po/ma/] ,g5]al "u ! t]ms ( ! #aijd ,wireless ,telegraphy ,act4 ,9 8 report to ,p>liam5t = ! ye>s #aije-aijf ! ,p4,m4,g4 /at$ t x 0 8 wi% to promote exp]im5tal inve/igations 9 ?is promis+ field4 ,9 a book publi%$ 9 #aijh by ,r4,p4,h[grave-,graham entitl$ ,wireless ,telegraphy = ,amateurs ! ^w amateur seems to h be5 us$ = ! fir/ "t4 ,dur+ ! #aiad-aiah w> all wireless app>atus 9 ! possession ( lic5s$ amateurs 0 clos$ d[n "u ! ,def5ce ( ! ,realm ,act ( #aiad4 ,exp]im5tal transmission lic5ces numb]$ #a1fjj4 ,aft] ! end ( ! w> an ,int]-,dep>tm5tal ,committee 0 set up & 9 its report to ! ,po/ma/] ,g5]al dat$ ,april #aiai x /at$3 ,we are ( ! op9ion t ! numb] ( /ations exi/+ 9 ,july #aiad 0 excessive f ! po9t ( view ( gov]nm5t control 9 case ( em]g5cy & ! necessity ( prev5t+ int]f]5ce ) gov]nm5t & comm]cial work+2 fur!r !re 0 no ju/ification = x f ! po9t ( view ( ! enc\ragem5t ( rese>* or developm5t ( indu/ry4 ,b !re 0 a magnanim\s relaxation 9 ! ,def5ce ,regulations :5 ! ,po/ ,(fice notifi$ manufactur]s ( electrical app>atus t re/riction on ! sale ( buzz]s _h be5 remov$4 ,buzz]s c\ld n[ be sold )\t enquiry z to ! use to :i* ! pur*as] propos$ to put !m666 ,dur+ #aiai _m issues ( ,,wireless ,,_w consid]$ ! amateur position1 & a lead+ article 9 ! ,m>* issue began ) a quotation attribut$ to ,m>coni3 ,i consid] t ! exi/5ce ( a body ( indep5d5t & (t5 en?usia/ic amateurs con/itutes a valuable asset t[>ds ! fur!r developm5t ( wireless telegraphy4 ,9 a subsequ5t lett] to ! ,editor ,m>coni wrote3 ,9 my op9ion x w\ld be a mi/ak5 policy to introduce legislation to prev5t amateurs exp]im5t+ ) wireless telegraphy 7:i* ! au?orities 7 contemplat+74 ,_h x n be5 = amateurs1 wireless telegraphy z a great _w-fact might n h exi/$ at all4 ,a great deal ( ! developm5t & progress ( wireless telegraphy is due to ! ef=ts ( amateurs4 ,john ,ambrose ,flem+1 ! inv5tor ( ! diode valve1 also wrote to ! ,editor ( ,w4,w4 z foll[s3 ,x is a matt] ( common k t a l>ge "p ( ! important inv5tions 9 connection ) wireless telegraphy h be5 ! "w ( amateurs & private rese>* & n ! outcome ( (ficial bra9s or ! h&iwork ( milit>y or naval organisations4 ,9 fact we may say t wireless telegraphy itself 9 its inception 0 an amateur product4 ,num]\s important inv5tions su* z ! cry/al detector1 ! oscillat+ valve1 ! triode valve--h be5 due to private or amateur "w4 ,if full opportunities = su* non-(ficial rese>* "w are n re/or$1 ! progress ( ! art ( radio telegraphy & radio telephony w be greatly h9d]$4 ,pr(essor ,w4,h4 ,eccles wrote3 ,improvem5ts & inv5tion mu/ be /imulat$ to ! utmo/4 ,x is n impossible to devise laws to impose re/rictions ^u ! emission ( wireless waves z w preclude int]f]5ce ) ! public radio s]vice ( ! future 7,r4,f4,i4 ,t4,v4,i48667 & yet all[ lib]al opportunities = ! exp]im5tal /udy ( wireless telegraphy4 ,,note4 ,! above passages are tak5 f ,,_w ,,at ,,_! ,,f+]tips by ,john ,cl>ricoats1 ,o4,b4,e41 ,g#f;,,cl1 publi%$ by ! ,r4,s4,g4,b4 9 #aifh4 ,,*apt] ,,f\r ,,! #aiba ,,transatlantic ,,te/s ,mo/ comm]cial exp]im5tal transmissions 9 wireless telegraphy be=e ,_w ,w> ,i 7 c>ri$ out on ! long wavel5g?s1 ?\gh !y 7 n call$ t at ! "t4 ,transmissions by amateurs 9 ! ,unit$ ,k+dom & ! ,u4,s4,a4 on ! o!r h& 7 made ar\nd #bjj metres 7#a4e,m,hz74 ,9 ! ,u4,s4,a4 amateurs 7 p]mitt$ to use a ,d4,c4input ( #a1jjj watts to ! anode ( ! f9al /age ( _! transmitt]s4 ,9 ! ,u4,k4 ! maximum p[] all[$ 0 #aj watts & ! comb9$ height & l5g? ( ! transmitt+ a]ial 0 n to exce$ #ajj feet4 ,s :5 ! fir/ attempt to span ! ,atlantic 0 made 9 ,febru>y ( #aiba x 0 natural t ! ,am]ican /ations %\ld d ! transmitt+ & ! ,europeans ! li/5+4 ,ab\t #be ,u4,s4 amateur /ations p>ticipat$ 9 ! te/s1 :i* took place e>ly 9 ! morn+ on ! #bnd1 #d? & #f? ( ,febru>y #aiba4 ,al?\gh ab\t #bjj ,european /ations _h indicat$ _! int5tion to li/5 only #cj actually submitt$ logs4 ,& n a s+le "o ( !m 0 able to report he>+ any?+ t c\ld be attribut$ to ! ,am]ican transmissions4 ,! !n ,editor ( ,,q/ wrote3 ,we h te/$ mo/ ( ! circuits us$ by ! ,briti%]s & f9d !m "o & all decid$ly inf]ior to our /&>d ,am]ican reg5]ative circuit us+ v>iomet] tun+ 9 second>y & t]ti>y circuits4 ,we w\ld bet our new ,spr+ hat t if a good ,u4,s4 amateur ) su* a set & an ,arm/rong sup]het]odyne c\ld be s5t to ,engl&1 reception ( ! ,u4,s4 transmissions w\ld /raightaway become commonplace4 ,/rong language4 ,9 ,septemb] ( ! same ye> x 0 ann\nc$ t a prom95t ,u4,s4 amateur ,paul ,godley #b,,ze w\ld be go+ to ,europe to take "p 9 ! second s]ies ( te/s plann$ = ,decemb]4 ,8 exp5ses 7 be+ paid by ! ,a4,r4,r4,l4 :i* already boa/$ hav+ #ae1jjj transmitt+ memb]s4 ,9 ! ,u4,s4,a4 di/ances ( ov] #b1jjj miles _h already be5 a*iev$4 ,dur+ 8 brief /ay ( a few h\rs 9 ,london ,paul ,godley 0 introduc$ to ,s5ator ,m>coni1 to ,admiral ( ! ,fleet ,sir ,h5ry ,jackson1 to ,alan ,a4 ,campbell ,sw9ton & _m o!r di/+ui%$ memb]s ( ! ,wireless ,society ( ,london1 z ! ,r4,s4,g4,b4 0 !n call$4 ,paul ,godley fir/ set up 8 receiv+ equipm5t at ,wembley ,p>k1 ,middlesex b soon decid$ t ! electrical noises 9 ! area w\ld n p]mit reception ( ! weak transatlantic signals4 ,he !re=e obta9$ p]mission to set up ! ,european receiv+ /ation at ,ardrossan a coa/ t[n ne> ,glasg[1 ,scotl&4 ,! actual site 0 a l>ge field heavily cov]$ ) seawe$4 ,he 0 assi/$ 9 ! erection ( 8 receiv+ ant5na by a memb] ( ! ,m>coni ,int]national ,m>9e ,communications ,company4 #a1cjj feet ( phosphor-bronze wire 0 /ret*$ #ab feet above ! gr\nd on t5 poles spac$ equally along ! full l5g? ( ! wire :i* 0 e>!d at ! f> end ?r\gh a non-inductive resi/or4 ,?is 0 ! fir/ ,bev]age type receiv+ array ev] erect$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,k+dom4 ,be=e ! actual te/s took place ! l5g? ( ! wire 0 r$uc$ to #hej feet4 ,at #jj4ej ,,gmt on ,decemb] #i? #aiba ,godley id5tifi$ signals f #a;,,bcg locat$ at ,gre5wi*1 ,connecticut4 ,! /ation !re 0 mann$ by six memb]s ( ! ,radio ,club ( ,am]ica4 ,"o ( ! op]ators 0 ,e4 ,h[>d ,arm/rong inv5tor ( ! reg5]ative detector1 sup]-reg5]ation & ! sup]sonic het]odyne receiv]1 ?\gh ! ,fr5* claim t ! sup]het 0 fir/ design$ by ,luci5 ,levy ( ,p>is4 ,two days lat] ! hi/oric fir/ complete message transmitt$ by ,u4,s4 amateurs & receiv$ 9 ,europe on ! %ort waves 7actually #bcj metres7 h]ald$ a new era4 ,! message read3 ,no4#a de #a;,,bcg4 ,,words #ab4 ,,new ,,york ,,decemb] #aa #aiba4 ,,to ,,paul ,,godley ,,ardrossan ,,scotl&4 ,,he>ty ,,congratulations4 ,,sign$ ,,burgh>d ,,inman ,,gr9an ,,arm/rong ,,amy ,,cronkhite4 ,eight ,briti% amateurs _h also copi$ ! message correctly4 ,"o ( !m 0 ,w4,e4 ,bill ,cor%am #b,,uv ( ,willesd51 ,london :o 0 lat] cr$it$ by ! ,r4,s4,g4,b4 & ! ,a4,r4,r4,l4 z be+ ! inv5tor ( ! ,,qsl c>d4 ,bill _h us$ a simple ?ree valve receiv] & an inv]t$-,l wire #ajj feet long comp>$ to ,godley's huge ,bev]age array4 ,9 ! summ] ( #aibb amateurs 9 ,france began to get lic5ces & ,leon ,deloy #h;,,ab ,presid5t ( ! ,radio ,club ( ,nice 9 s\!rn ,france />t$ he>+ ,briti% /ations4 ,aft] a visit to ! ,u4,s4,a4 ,deloy 0 able to improve 8 equipm5t & on ,novemb] #bg? #aibc he contact$ ,fr$ ,s*nell #a,,mo ( ,we/ ,h>t=d1 ,connecticut = ! fir/ ev] #b-way ,,qso across ! ,atlantic4 ,!y us$ ! useless wavel5g?s ar\nd #ajj metres4 ,,int]national ,,dx _h come to /ay4 ,,*apt] ,,five ,,! ,,fir/ ,,greek ,,radio ,,amateurs ,z no lic5ces 7 issu$ = _m ye>s !re are no (ficial records to be consult$4 ,e>ly activity 0 ma9ly 9 & ar\nd ,a!ns b !re may h be5 "o or two /ations 9 o!r p>ts ( ! c\ntry :i* we nev] he>d 9 ! capital4 ,at ! "t ( writ+ 7#aihg7 f\r ( ! orig9al pione]s 9 ! ,a!ns area are alive & ?ree ( !m are curr5tly active on ! ,h4,f4 b&s4 ,a?anassis ',takis' ,c\mbias has ,,qsl c>ds address$ to him dat$ #aibi :5 he 0 a %ort wave li/5] 9 ,odessa1 ,russia ) ! ,,swl callsign ,,rk-#aacf4 ,9 #aica 8 family1 l _m o!r ,greek families 9 ,russia1 mov$ to ,a!ns :]e ,takis built a #d-valve transmitt] ) :i* he 0 v active on #dj & #bj metre ,,cw us+ ! callsign ,,sv#a;,,aaa4 ,i frequ5tly op]at$ 8 /ation myself & :5 ,i ask$ him :y he _h *os5 t p>ticul> callsign he gave me :at prov$ to be a truly prophetic answ]4 ,x w be ages1 he said1 be=e ! ,greek ,/ate (ficially recognizes ! v exi/5ce ( radio amateurs & beg9s to issue transmitt+ lic5ces to !m4 ,aft] t x might take ano!r #ej ye>s = !m to get to ! ?ree-lett] s]ies beg9n+ ) ,,sv#a;,,aaa4 ,9 actual fact ?is is :at happ5$3 legislation 0 enact$ #dj ye>s lat] & ! callsign ,,sv#a;,,aaa 0 (ficially allocat$ to ,nikita ,v5izelos aft] #ed ye>s _h elaps$6 ,al?\gh at ! "t !re 0 no (ficial recognition ( amateur radio 9 ,greece1 ! exi/5ce & id5tity ( ! h&ful ( '"u cov]' op]ators 0 kn[n to ! ,head ( ! ,w_/,t section at ! ,m9i/ry ( ,po/s ,telegraphs 7,greek initials ,t4,t4,t47 ,/efanos ,elef!ri\ :o did m ?an anyone else to enc\rage & promote ! developm5t ( our hobby4 ,9 fact1 foll[+ a m9or bru% ) ! police 9 #aicg 7describ$ by ,n#b;,,doe lat] 9 ?is book7 ,elef!ri\ issu$ ?ree lic5ces '= exp]im5tal rese>* 9 connection ) ! propagation ( %ort waves' on ! basis ( e>li] legislation gov]n+ ! use ( wireless telegraphy :i* really _h no?+ to d ) amateur radio4 ,! recipi5ts ( ^! ?ree lic5ces 7 ,co/as ',bill' ,tavaniotis ,,sv#a,,ke1 ,aghis ,cazazis ,,sv#a;,,ca & ,nikos ,katselis ,,sv#a,,nk4 ,z !re 7 no relevant regulations ! *oice ( callsign 0 left to ! individual op]ators4 ,= in/ance1 ,tavaniotis ran 8 own electrical & electronic bus9ess call$ ,,kon/av ,,electric s he decid$ to use ,,ke z 8 callsign4 ,z f> z ,i "k ! foll[+ t5 amateurs 7 active 9 ! ,a!ns area 9 #aicg3 #a4 ,takis ,c\mbias444444444444444444444,,sv#a;,,aa a #b4 ',bill' ,tavaniotis444444444444444444,,sv#a,,ke 7sil5t key7 #c4 ,polyc>pos ,psomiadis44444444444444,,sv#a;,,az 7n[ ,n#b;,,doe7 #d4 ,aghis ,cazazis4444444444444444444444,,sv#a;,,c a 7sil5t key7 #e4 ,nikos ,katselis444444444444444444444,,sv#a,,nk 7sil5t key7 #f4 ,george ,z>ifis444444444444444,,sv#a,,sp_/,,sv#f ,,sp 7n[ ,,sv#a;,,aa7 #g4 ,nasos ,c\c\lis44444444444444444444,,sv#a,,sm 7sil5t key7 #h4 ,george ,yiapapas44444444444444444444,,sv#a;,,gy 7n[ ,,qrt7 #i4 ,m5elaos ,paid\sis44444444444444444,,sv#a,,mp #aj4 ,norman ,joly444444444444444444444444,,sv#a,,rx 7n[ ,g#c;,,fnj7 ,9 #aieb ,co/as ,k>ayiannis :o ran a big bus9ess call$ ,,radio ,,k>ayianni publi%$ an amaz+ly compreh5sive book entitl$ ,,ell9iki ,,radi(onia :i* means ',greek ,broadca/+'4 ,x conta9$ a va/ treasure ( in=mation on _m subjects alli$ to broadca/+1 & !re 0 a page entitl$ ,,dawn 7#aicj-aidj7 :i* dealt ) amateur radio activity 9 ,greece be=e ,_w ,w> ,,ii4 ,x confirm$ mo/ ( ! names li/$ above z c be se5 9 ! photo-copy ( ! orig9al ,greek text1 & x m5tion$ ?ree o!rs3 ,george ,g]>dos ,,sv#a;,,ag1 7sil5t key71 ,s4 ,/efan\ & ,mikes ,psalidas :o 0 allocat$ ! callsign ,,sv#a;,,af #bj ye>s lat]1 ?\gh he1 l _m o!rs _h come on ! air aft] ! end ( ! w> ) an un(ficial callsign4 ,7 all ^! op]ators :o function$ /rictly 9 accordance ) int]national regulations pirates8 ,9 my view !y 7 c]ta9ly n pirates4 ,if ! ,/ate 0 (ficially unaw>e ( ! exi/5ce ( amateur radio h[ c\ld !y apply = lic5ces & be issu$ ) (ficial callsigns8 ,lat] 9 ?is book ,n#b;,,doe describes h[ a h&ful ( amateurs _h prep>$ draft legislation 9 #aicg at ! reque/ ( ,/efanos ,elef!ri\ ( ! ,m9i/ry b ! outbreak ( ,_w ,w> ,,ii 9 ,septemb] #aici _h prev5t$ him f tak+ any action 9 ?is connection4 ,! isl& ( ,crete 9 s\!rn ,greece 0 fir/ he>d on ! air 9 #aich :5 ,george ,z>ifis came on #dj metre ,,cw us+ ! callsign ,,sv#f,,sp4 ,8 transmitt] consi/$ ( a s+le metal #f,l#f cry/al oscillator ) an input ( ab\t #g watts4 ,= reception he us$ an ,am]ican ,,case broadca/ receiv] 9 :i* he _h fitt$ a ,,bfo4 ,9 a v %ort p]iod he _h ab\t #ejj ,q,s,os4 ,=ty f\r ye>s lat] "s ( ! y\ng] g5]ation ( op]ators :o _h n he>d ( ?is e>ly activity f ,crete allocat$ ! prefix ,,sv#i to ! isl&4 ,r illogically !y allocat$ ,,sv#h to all ! o!r isl&s irrespective ( _! geographical position & ) yet ano!r exception--,,sv#e = ! twelve ,dodecanese isl&s4 ,g5]al ,george ,z>ifis 7retir$7 ,,sv#a;,,aa z he is n[1 _h />t$ play+ ) 'wireless' a long long "t be=e he w5t to ,crete4 ,9 #aiba :5 he 0 9 ! #d? =m at s*ool he _h b\ght two kits ( p>ts f ,france & put !m toge!r ) ! help ( 8 fell[-/ud5t ,george ,grab+]4 ,! kit consi/$ ( a bright emitt] triode 9 an oscillat+ circuit4 ,! heat] supply 0 a #d volt accumulator1 & a doz5 or s dry cells1 ) an e>phone 9 s]ies1 suppli$ ! anode voltage4 ,! tun$ circuit consi/$ ( a coil ) a small pressure op]at$ capacitor across x4 ,a c>bon microphone ) a dry cell 9 s]ies 0 connect$ to two or ?ree turns ( wire w\nd ov] ! coil4 ,! assembl$ kits 7 te/$ close to ea* o!r & !y work$4 ,lat]1 :5 !y _h connect$ r&om l5g? wire ant5nas to ! circuits ! two s*oolboys 7 able to talk to ea* o!r across ! #djj metres :i* sep>at$ _! homes4 ,^! contacts q def9itely h]ald$ ! dawn ( amateur radio 9 ,greece at ab\t ! same "t z ! #aiba ,transatlantic te/s 7 tak+ place4 ,on ! #a/ ( ,septemb] #aici ,hitl]'s armies invad$ ,pol&4 ,great ,brita9 :i* _h a treaty ) ,pol& 0 compell$ to decl>e w> on ,g]many two days lat] on ! #crd1 foll[$ by ,france4 ,canada & ,au/ralia decl>$ w> on ,g]many ! next day4 ,all ! radio amateurs 9 ,a!ns imm$iately dismantl$ _! transmitt]s & disp]s$ ! compon5ts4 ,s end$ ! fir/ phase ( amateur radio activity 9 ,greece4 ,,*apt] ,,six ,,_w ,,w> ,,ii ,,& ,,aft] ,,9 ,,greece ,socrates ,c\tr\bis ,,sv#a;,,ae describ$ to me h[ 8 int]e/ 9 radio 0 ar\s$ 9 #aice :5 he 0 #ac ye>s old4 ,8 fa!r _h decid$ to buy a dome/ic radio receiv]4 ,( c\rse 9 #aice ,a!ns _h no broadca/+ s]vice1 ,socrates said1 s ! receiv] _h to be able to tune 9 to ! %ort wave broadca/+ b&s4 ,z we already _h a ,we/+h\se refrig]ator my fa!r decid$ we %\ld try "o ( _! receiv]s4 ,:5 ,i say 'try' ,i mu/ expla9 t x 0 ! usual ?+ to ask a numb] ( ag5ts to submit _! late/ models = comp>ison at "o's home4 ,i rememb] t toge!r ) ! ,we/+h\se1 we _h an ,atwat] ,k5t1 ,philco1 ,,rca1 ,/romb]g-,c>lson & sev]al sets ( ,european manufacture su* z ,philips1 ,blaupunkt1 ,saba etc4 ,we f9ally settl$ = ! ,g]man ,saba because x 0 ! prettie/ & bl5d$ bett] ) our liv+ room furniture6 ,!re 7 v few /ations to be f\nd on ! %ort waves4 ,b ,i rememb] ! ,dut* /ation ,,pcj run by ! ,philips company 9 ,e9dhov54 ,! ann\nc] 0 ,edw>d ,/>tz :o spoke p]fect ,engli% & ab\t a doz5 o!r languages4 ,?is is ! ,happy ,/ation1 broadca/+ f ! ,ne!rl&s he w\ld say *e]fully4 ,a c\ple ( ye>s aft] we _h b\ght ! radio we 7 return+ f an op5 air movie r\nd ab\t midnight :5 ,i notic$ a book on sale at a road-side kiosk4 ,x 0 entitl$ ,,! ,,radio ,,amateur',s ,,h&book publi%$ by ! ,a4,r4,r4,l4 ,i _h no idea :at ! initials /ood =4 ,! price 0 a/ronomical = my pocket b aft] a little co]cion ,i got my fa!r to buy x = me4 ,:5 ,i began to read x ,i discov]$ ! exi/5ce ( radio amateurs4 ,x 0 ! #aici edition & ,i f\nd a circuit = a receiv] :i* look$ simple en\gh = me to try4 ,x 0 describ$ z a reg5]ative detector & audio amplifi]4 ,at t "t ! be/ place to buy compon5ts 9 ,a!ns 0 at a /ore call$ ,radio ,k>ayianni1 b ?ree o!rs %ops also /ock$ valves 7tubes7 & compon5ts4 ,"o 0 ! ,electron run by ,george ,spanos1 :o 0 ! ag5t = ! ,dut* ,philips company4 ,!n !re 0 a %op 9 a basem5t next door1 ,kon/av ,electric1 own$ by ',bill' ,tavaniotis ,,sv#a,,ke4 ,a wide range ( compon5ts 7 also /ock$ by ! ,ray!on ag5t1 ,nick ,katselis ,,sv#a,,nk4 ,i obta9$ "s plug-9 =ms & w\nd ! coils c>efully accord+ to ! in/ructions b un=tunately ! receiv] didn't "w v well1 if at all4 ,:5 ,i ask$ a few fri5ds !y sugge/$ ,i %\ld %ort5 ! v long wires ,i _h us$ betwe5 ! compon5ts1 & sure en\gh ,i _h ! greate/ ?rill ( my life :5 = ! fir/ "t ,i he>d ,rome on %ort waves on my v own home-made receiv]4 ,out/&+ /ations 9 ! broadca/ b& 9 ^? days 7 ,trie/e 9 nor!rn ,italy1 ,kat[ice 9 ,pol&1 ,breslau 9 ,g]many & ,t\l\se 9 s\?-we/ ,france4 ,al?\gh ,i _h read ab\t ! activities ( radio amateurs 9 ! ,h&book ,i _h n yet he>d any ( ! half doz5 or s /ations t 7 already op]at+ on ,,cw & ,,am telephony 9 ! ,a!ns area4 ,my fa!r us$ to buy ! p]iodical ,,london ,,call+ :i* conta9$ ! ov]seas programmes ( ! ,b4,b4,c4 z well z ! programmes ( ! pr9cipal ,european broadca/+ /ations4 ,?is publication also c>ri$ adv]tisem5ts & x 0 !re t ,i fir/ saw an illu/ration ( ! ,hamm>lund ,sup] ,pro & realis$ t !re 7 receiv]s specially design$ = ! reception ( %ort waves4 ,b dur+ ! ,g]man_/,italian occupation ( ,greece betwe5 #aida & #aidd my little home-made receiv] play$ a vital role 9 enabl+ u to li/5 7secretly7 to ! ,b4,b4,c4 broadca/s because ! au?orities _h seal$ all radios to ! broadca/ 7m$ium wave7 b& & to ! frequ5cy ( ,radio ,a!ns4 ,mo/ p devis$ +5u\s me?ods ( li/5+ to /ations o!r ?an ,a!ns4 ,aft] ! end ( ! w> a fri5d ( m9e :o return$ to ,a!ns f ,cairo br\ght me ! #aide edition ( ! ,a4,r4,r4,l4,h&book1 :i* is /ill on ! %elf z y c see4 ,socrates expla9$ t 9 #aide !re 0 complete political upheaval 9 ,greece1 ow+ to ! ev5ts t _h tak5 place dur+ ! =eign occupation1 s ! ,g5]al ,election ( t ye> 0 c>ri$ out "u ! sup]vision ( =eign obs]v]s f ! ,u4,s4,a41 ! ,unit$ ,k+dom ,france4 ,! ,russians did n s5d a mission4 ,ow+ to my k ( ,engli% ,i 0 employ$ by ! ,am]ican mission to act z int]pret]4 ,"o day :5 ,i 0 (f duty ,i 0 tak5 by a fri5d to a signals unit :]e !re 7 _m pieces ( equipm5t :i* _h be5 'lib]at$'1 & ,i 0 able to buy a ,,bc #cdb receiv]4 ,lat] :5 ,h>ry ,b>nett ,,sv#a,,we :o 0 9 ! ,press ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,briti% ,embassy return$ to ,engl& ,i b\ght 8 ,hallicraft] ,,sx#bh4 ,x 0 at ,h>ry's h\se 9 ,kolonaki t ,i _h my fir/ ta/e ( amateur radio 9 action4 ,he _h a ,national ,,hro = reception & he _h con/ruct$ a #ej-watt transmitt] us+ surplus compon5ts :i* 7 9 pl5tiful supply at t "t4 ,ano!r fri5d ( m9e1 ,jim ,liv]ios1 0 employ$ at ! ,civil ,aviation transmitt] site on a hill s\? ( ,nea ,smyrni4 ,! ,am]ican ,mission _h set up _! %ort wave transmitt]s on ! same site & lat] ,int]pol in/all$ _! own equipm5t z well4 ,liv]ios 0 always on night %ift because he att5d$ ! ,univ]sity dur+ ! day4 ,i /ill don't "k h[ he ev] manag$ to get any sleep4 ,:5 ?+s 7 quiet he w\ld 'borr[' a #e ,kw transmitt] & tune x 9 ! #bj metre b&4 ,us+ a callsign ( 8 own *oice 7probably a diff]5t "o e night7 he w\ld h contacts ) ! :ole _w4 ,on 8 invitation ,i w5t !re at midnight "o night & /ay$ until ! morn+4 ,i rememb] we _h ,q,s,os ) ,cuba1 ,*ile1 ,new ,zeal& & ,au/ralia4 ,,! ,,affair ,,( ,,! ,,piraeus ,,police4 ,9 #aidg1 !re 0 a w> 9 nor!rn ,greece :i* "s p call$ a civil w> & o!rs a w> aga9/ ! gu]rillas1 dep5d+ on ^: side !y 7 on4 ,sudd5ly "o morn+ all ! ,a!ns newspap]s came out ) "s amaz+ headl9es3 ,,! ,,wireless ,,transmitt]s ,,( ,,! ,,communi/s ,,h ,,be5 ,,seiz$ ,,9 ,,a!ns ,,wireless ,,transmitt]s ,,f\nd ,,9 ,,communi/ ,,h&s ,,h[ ,,! ,,five ,,transmitt]s ,,( ,,! ,,communi/s ,,7 ,,discov]$ ,,! ,,six ,,in/allations ,,seiz$ ,,by ,,! ,,police ,two ( ! newspap]s pr9t$ ! id5tical photograph 7includ$ 9 ! montage7 ) ! foll[+ caption1 ',! ,communi/ transmitt]s seiz$ by ! ,piraeus police'4 ,?is 0 a photograph ( ! %ack ( ,mikes ,psalidas ,,sv#a;,,af4 ,at ! top "r "o c see a #b-;in* home-made monitor oscilloscope1 :i* ! newspap]s describ$ z a 'p[]ful rad>'6 ,dur+ ! la/ ?ree days1 wrote "o newspap]1 ! police 9 ,piraeus h be5 inve/igat+ a v s]i\s case implicat+ lead+ cadres ( ! ,communi/ p>ty4 ,( c\rse1 x 0 no?+ ( ! sort4 ,! equipm5t !y _h seiz$ belong$ to five radio amateurs1 ,george ,g]>dos ,,sv#a;,,ag1 ,mikes ,psalidas ,,sv#a;,,af1 ,nasos ,c\c\lis ,,sv#a;,,ac1 ,aghis ,cazazis ,,sv#a;,,ca & ,sotiris ,/efan\ :o didn't h a callsign yet4 ,9 fact ,mikes ,psalidas 0 n ev5 at home at ! "t ( ! police raid1 z he 0 9 a milit>y camp 9 ! outskirts ( ,a!ns1 do+ 8 compulsory milit>y s]vice4 ,! newspap]s describ$ 9 detail :at _h be5 f\nd4 ,at ! h\se ( ,mikes ,psalidas1 :o is a /ud5t at ! ,a!ns ,polyte*nic1 ! police f\nd wireless telegraphy receiv+ equipm5t 7a ,national ,,hro71 wireless telephony equipm5t 9 full work+ ord]1 t is1 two transmitt+ microphones1 a /ep-d[n trans=m] & v>i\s o!r items4 ,! same newspap] w5t on ,un=tunately1 at ! h\se ( ,aghis ,cazazis1 at #be ,t5$\ /reet1 ! se>* 0 inconclusive because a c]ta9 p]son1 well kn[n to ! police1 & ^: arre/ is imm95t1 remov$ a high p[] transmitt] j be=e ! police arriv$ & disappe>$ ) x4 ,ano!r newspap] ref]r$ to telegrams 9 code1 receiv$ f abroad & f ! secret headqu>t]s ( ! ,communi/s1 :i* are n[ be+ deciph]$ by a special dep>tm5t4 ,^! 7 ,,sv#a;,,ag's little collection ( ,,qsl c>ds4 ,/efanos ,elef!ri\ ( ! ,m9i/ry imm$iately took up ! matt]4 ,fir/ly1 he po9t$ out to ! ,piraeus police t ,a!ns did n come "u _! jurisdiction1 & !y _h no "r to arre/ anybody !re )\t a w>rant4 ,secondly1 all ! five radio amateurs !y _h arre/$ 7 kn[n = _! nationali/ic political convictions1 p>ticul>ly ,psalidas ^: fa!r 0 a s5ior (fic] ( ! ,royal ,hell5ic air=ce4 ,be=e ! 'suspects' 7 releas$ & _! confiscat$ equipm5t return$ to !m1 !y 7 w>n$ n to speak to newspap] report]s at ! risk ( gett+ a kick up _! backsides4 ,?is 0 to prev5t ! public f le>n+ h[ ludicr\s _h be5 ! accusations1 & h[ completely unju/ifi$ ! arre/s _h be54 ,b "o newspap] came out ! foll[+ day ) a bann] headl9e ,,! ,,own]s ,,( ,,! ,,wireless ,,& ,,rad> ,,equipm5t ,,all ,,turn$ ,,out ,,to ,,be ,,/aun* ,,royali/s6 ,?is pap] s5t a report] to int]view ,,sv#a;,,ac4 ,!y wrote1 ,9 reply to a "q f our report]1 ,mr ,c\c\lis said t :5 ! police realis$ ! fooli%ness ( _! action1 !y issu$ a summons aga9/ him "u ,law #dgdi1 :i* has absolutely no?+ to d ) amateur radio4 ,dur+ ! t5 ye>s foll[+ ! end ( ,_w ,w> ,,ii !re 7 ab\t #ae to #bj v active amateurs 9 ! ,a!ns area1 all us+ callsigns ( _! own *oice because no gov]nm5t legislation _h yet be5 enact$4 ,mo/ ( ^! op]ators subsequ5tly obta9$ lic5ces & _h to *ange to ! (ficial s]ies4 ,i rememb] two ,y,ls :o 7 v popul> 9 ,europe & ! ,u4,s4,a4 because !y spoke sev]al languages flu5tly1 b !y nev] re-appe>$ :5 lic5ces began to be issu$4 ,s9ce #aide ! ,u4,s4 & ,briti% signals units 7 au?oris$ by ! ,greek ,m9i/ry ( ,communications to issue calls to milit>y & diplomatic p]sonnel 9 ! s]ies ,,sv#j,,wa 9 ! case ( ,am]ican /aff & ,,sv#j;,,aa = ! ,briti%4 ,socrates cont9u$3 ,i he>d t ! ,am]icans _h =m$ a club call$ ',attica ,amateur ,radio ,club' 9 ,kifissia1 a suburb to ! nor? ( ,a!ns1 & 9 due c\rse ,i 0 able to become a memb]4 ,9 #aied1 ,socrates cont9u$1 ,george ,z>ifis 7curr5tly ,,sv#a;,,aa7 :o 0 a regul> army (fic] 9 ! ,legal ,bran* approa*$ ,mr ,nicolis :o 0 ,director ( ! ,wireless ,division at ! ,m9i/ry ( ,communications & ask$ him ',s9ce y h au?oris$ ! ,am]icans & ! ,briti% to issue lic5ces to _! p]sonnel1 :y d y n grant ! same facility to u ,greek amateurs8'4 ,to :i* ,nicolis _h repli$ ',!re is no law ( ! l& recognis+ ! v exi/5ce ( radio amateurs s h[ c ,i issue lic5ces to y8'4 ,x 0 !n t we decid$ to =m an association ^: pr9cipal objective w\ld be ! enactm5t ( legislation recognis+ (ficially ! exi/5ce ( radio amateurs 9 ,greece4 ,z a recognis$ body we w\ld !n be able to g back to ,nicolis & get him to pursue ! matt]4 ,t 0 h[1 late 9 #aieg1 we =m$ ! ,radio ,amateur ,association ( ,greece1 ,r4,a4,a4,g41 ,greek initials ,e4,e4,r4 ,at ! same "t1 aft] consid]able ef=t1 we got ! ,m9i/ry to issue #g lic5ces bas$ on ! ,wireless ,telegraphy ,act ( #aicj 7,no #dgig7 & ! regulations relat+ to ,law #ajdi ( #aidi1 z well z a docum5t dat$ ,july #h? #aieg issu$ by ! radio division ( ! ,c5tral ,intellig5ce s]vice 7,greek initials ,k4,y4,p4-,r74 ,?is ord] au?oris$ ! in/allation ( a #ej watt transmitt] to an applicant "u c]ta9 /rict limitations1 "o ( :i* 0 t ! /ation c\ld only be op]at$ f #jf4jj to #jh4jj h\rs & f #ac4jj to midnight4 ,! sev5 lucky recipi5ts are %[n 9 ! accompany+ photograph4 ,akis ,lianos ,,sv#a;,,ad1 ,socrates ,c\tr\bis ,,sv#a;,,ae1 ,nasos ,c\c\lis ,,sv#a;,,ac 7sil5t key71 ,george ,z>ifis ,,sv#a;,,aa1 ,mikes ,psalidas ,,sv#a;,,af1 ,george ,v]n>dakis ,,sv#a;,,ab & ,george ,g]>dos ,,sv#a;,,ag 7sil5t key74 ,at t "t 7#aieh7 my ,,am /ation consi/$ ( a ,hamm>lund ,,sp#fjj receiv] & a home-built transmitt] us+ an ,italian ,geloso ,,vfo-excit] driv+ a pair ( #fadfs 9 ! f9al1 ) anode & scre5 modulation by a pair ( #hjgs 9 class ,,ab#b4 ,i _h also assembl$ a d\ble conv]sion receiv] us+ a ,geloso front end4 ,?is 0 typical ( ! equipm5t us$ 9 ,greece & ,italy 9 ! e>ly #aifjs4 ,lic5ces cont9u$ to be issu$ until #aifg :5 ! ,junta ,colonels ,papadop\los & ,patakos e/abli%$ ! milit>y dictator%ip4 ,we 7 all ord]$ to seal our equipm5t & obta9 writt5 confirmation f ! ne>e/ ,police au?ority t ! disablem5t _h be5 c>ri$ out4 ,six mon?s lat]1 9 ,decemb] ( #aifg we />t$ gett+ our lic5ces back4 ,mo/ ( u believ$ t because "s ( ! y\ng] (fic]s 9 ! milit>y gov]nm5t _h receiv$ tra9+ at ! ,p5tagon 9 ! ,u4,s4,a4 !y conv9c$ _! sup]iors t x 0 bett] = ! g5u9e amateurs to be all[$ to op]ate _! equipm5t "u close sup]vision by ! milit>y & "u new regulations1 r ?an h "u cov] op]ators />t+ up all ov] aga94 ,george ,g]>dos ,,sv#a;,,ag _h a fri5d ,ore/i ,yiaka :o 0 involv$ 9 gov]nm5t telecommunications & x 0 ?r\gh him t draft legislation = ! issue ( amateur lic5ces 0 in/igat$1 b n = ! fir/ "t4 ,unsuccessful attempts _h be5 made be=e ! w>4 ,9 #aife :5 ,george ,pap&re\ 0 ,prime ,m9i/]1 on ! v day :5 ! ,draft ,bill 0 go+ to be put be=e ,p>liam5t ! gov]nm5t resign$ & ano!r #aj ye>s w5t by4 ,:5 legislation 0 f9ally publi%$ 9 ! ,gov]nm5t ,gazette 9 #aigb1 ow+ to ! prevail+ political situation 7milit>y dictator%ip7 x _h s]i\s limitations impos$ by "s ,m9i/ries :i* _h to look aft] _! own int]e/s1 especially ! ,m9i/ry ( ,national ,def5ce4 ,b ,george ,g]>dos1 ,,sv#a;,,ag1 :o _h be5 closely involv$1 decid$ t x w\ld be bett] to ov]look c]ta9 details :i* may seem /range to u at ! pres5t "t--details :i* c\ld be rectifi$ at a lat] date1 provid$ ! law 0 f9ally on ! ,/atute book4 ,= in/ance1 ,i ref] to ! v re/rict$ frequ5cies we 7 allocat$ 9 ! #hj-metre b&1 #c4ejj to #c4fjj ,m,hz4 ,obvi\sly :5 we began transmitt+ ,,ssb telephony bel[ #c4fjj we 7 greet$ ) angry prote/ations f ! ,,cw op]ators !re4 ,& :at 0 worse1 ! voices ( ,greek amateurs 7 n he>d 9 ! ,,dx portion ( ! phone allocation f #c4gej to #c4hjj ,m,hz4 ,un=tunately1 !re 0 ano!r & m s]i\s snag4 ,! la/ p>agraph ( ! ,law said t x w\ld come into =ce only aft] publication 9 ! ,gov]nm5t ,gazette ( regulations cl>ify+ c]ta9 details & proc$ures4 ,s we 7 back to squ>e "o4 ,b ?is did n prev5t ! ,g5]al ,/aff ( ! milit>y dictator%ip f cont9u+ to issue new lic5ces "u ! special re/rictions !y _h laid d[n4 ,:5 ! dictator%ip came to an end ! new gov]nm5t f9ally publi%$ ,regulation #bga on ,april #cj? #aigf1 :i* made ! #aigb law fully op]ative4 ,dur+ ! p]iod ( ! milit>y dictator%ip a break-away club 0 =m$ by ,d9os ,psiloyiannis ,,sv#a;,,db :o add$ ! ^w 'national' to its "n mak+ ! ,greek initials ,e4,e4,e4,r4 ,8 motives 7 r dubi\s1 "o ( !m be+ t he object$ to a regulation :i* requir$ an applicant = a lic5ce to produce a decl>ation sign$ by ! ,presid5t & ! ,secret>y ( ,radio ,amateur ,association ( ,greece4 ,psiloyiannis1 :o _h contacts ) ! milit>y au?orities 7bo? 8 fa!r & bro!r 7 (fic]s7 decl>$ ,i w =m my own association & issue decl>ations myself4 ,by ?is manoeuvre he obta9$ lic5ces = q a few newcom]s1 b aft] a ye> or two 8 club ceas$ to function & mo/ if n all ( its memb]s jo9$ ! ,r4,a4,a4,g4 ,an am5dm5t ( ,law #abdd ( #aigb publi%$ 9 ! ,gov]nm5t ,gazette ,no4#aad dat$ ,june #crd #aihh f9ally aboli%$ ! requirem5t ( ! controv]sial decl>ation1 z well z ! rule :i* said t be=e anyone c\ld apply = a lic5ce !y _h to jo9 an (ficially recognis$ association or club4 ,,*apt] ,,sev5 ,,pione]s ,,9 ,,greece #a4 ,g5]al ,george ,z>ifis 7retir$7 ,,sv#a;,,aa4 ,z record$ 9 detail 9 *apt] #e1 ,george 0 und\bt$ly ! fir/ ,greek amateur to h two-way contacts us+ radio telephony1 way back 9 #aiba4 ,he 0 also ! fir/ amateur to op]ate f ! isl& ( ,crete 9 #aich4 #b4 ,dr ,co/as ,fim]elis ,,sv#a;,,dh4 7,transequatorial propagation74 ,on ,octob] #i? #aihh at #bc4aj ,,gmt a new _w di/ance record 0 e/abli%$ on ! #ej ,m,hz b& by ! ,greek exp]im5tal /ation ,,sz#b;,,dh op]at$ by ,co/as ,fim]elis ,,sv#a;,,dh & a /ation 9 ,tokyo1 :5 x 0 prov$ t ! signals _h travell$ a di/ance ( #cj1fej ov] ! ,s\? ,am]ican cont95t4 ,?is is #ae1jjj kilometres m ?an ! %ort pa? betwe5 ! two /ations1 ov] :i* !re 0 absolutely no propagation at t mom5t 9 "t4 ,a simple #e elem5t ,yagi & a p[] ( #ajj watts 0 us$ at ,,sz#b;,,dh4 ,! contact 0 on ,,cw b ! signals 7 s /rong t x might well h be5 on ,,ssb4 ,x is e/imat$ t #h hops 7 ne$$ to cov] ?is record di/ance4 ,mo/ p "k by n[ t ,,sv#a;,,dh 0 "o ( ! pr9cipal /ations involv$ 9 ! v successful ,transequatorial propagation te/s :i* took place dur+ ! #ba/ sunspot cycle betwe5 #aigg & #aihc4 ,co/as gave me a simplifi$ explanation ( ! ph5om5on fir/ notic$ by ,ray ,cracknell ,,ze#b;,,jv & ,rol& ,:it+ #e;,b#d,,wr way back 9 ,septemb] #aieg1 namely t ,,vhf signals c travel great di/ances across ! equator 7#e1jjj to #h1jjj kilometres7 dur+ ! ye>s ( high sunspot activity4 ,co/as said t usually /ations locat$ approximately ! same di/ance nor? & s\? ( ! magnetic 7n geographic7 equator c contact ea* o!r %ortly aft] sunset at bo? locations4 ,! fir/ su* ,,qso took place on ! #aj? ,april #aigh betwe5 ,,ze#b;,,jv & #e;,b#d,,wr4 ,two days lat] ,,ze#b;,,jv contact$ ,george ,v]n>dakis ,,sv#a;,,ab & ?is contact 0 foll[$ a few days lat] ) ,q,s,os ) ,,sv#a;,,dh & ,,sv#a;,,cs4 7,full] details ( ^! contacts are giv5 lat] 9 ?is book 9 ! int]view ) ,,sv#a;,,ab74 ,9 ,octob] #aigf !re 0 a rum\r t #ade ,m,hz signals _h be5 he>d directly betwe5 ,arg5t9a & ,v5ezuela4 ,) ! imm95t beg9n+ ( sunspot cycle #ba _m amateurs 9 ! nor!rn & s\!rn hemisph]es began organiz+ te/s on #ej1add1bbj & #dcb ,m,hz4 ,)9 less ?an a ye> successful #b-way contact 0 e/abli%$ betwe5 ,arg5t9a & ,v5ezuela on #add ,m,hz4 ,greece is fav\rably plac$ = ,,tep to c\ntries 9 ,africa :]e !re is consid]able amateur radio activity1 l ,zimbabwe & ! ,union ( ,s\? ,africa4 ,s t[>ds ! end ( #aigg ,,sv#a;,,ab & ,,sv#a;,,dh began look+ = colleagues 9 suitable geographic locations ) ! appropriate equipm5t & ! "t & incl9ation to engage 9 te/s :i* c\ld g on = mon?s & mon?s on end4 ,v soon ! foll[+ /ations agre$ to p>ticipate 9 ! te/s4 ,! nor!rn gr\p includ$ ,,sv#a;,,ab1 ,,sv#a;,,dh1 #e;,b#d,,wr & #e;,b#d;,,az4 ,9 ! s\!rn hemisph]e p>ticipants 7 ,,ze#b;,,jv 7n[ ,g#b;,,ahu71 ,,zs#f,,pw1 ,,zs#f;,,dn1 ,,zs#f,,ln & ,,zs#c;,b4 ,aft] #d mon?s ( daily te/ s*$ules1 e>ly 9 #aigh1 successful contacts took place on #add ,m,hz1 "s ( :i* con/itut$ _w di/ance records = t "t1 z c be se5 9 ! accompany+ table4 ,amateurs 9 ,malta1 ,italy1 ,france & ,spa9 soon began to p>ticipate 9 ! te/s1 z well z amateurs 9 o!r areas ( ,s\? ,africa4 ,x c be se5 f ! _w map t ! magnetic dip 7%[n z a heavy l9e7 is v diff]5t to ! geographic equator4 ,! ,,q? ( ,,sv#a;,,ab is 9 a suburb #aj kilometres nor? ( ,,sv#a;,,dh's s ,george's contacts ) ! /ations 9 ,africa always _h t edge on !m4 ,9 ,s\? ,africa ,dave ,l>son ,,zs#f;,,dn _h set up a beacon :i* 0 fir/ he>d 9 ,a!ns by ,,sv#a;,,ab 9 ,febru>y #aigi4 ,)9 a few days ,,zs#f;,,dn _h ,q,s,os ) ,,sv#a;,,dh & ,,sv#a;,,ab4 ,! latt] contact 0 a _w di/ance record via ! ,f-regions ( ! ionosph]e because ( ! extra di/ance involv$ ow+ to ! locations ( ! two ,greek /ations1 z m5tion$ 9 ! previ\s p>agraph4 ,= anyone :o may be int]e/$ v compreh5sive reports ( ! "w done 9 transequatorial propagation dur+ cycle #ba & e>li] appe>$ 9 articles writt5 by ,ray ,cracknell ,,ze#b;,,jv_/,g#b;,,ahu & ,rol& ,:it+ #e;,b#d,,wr_/,g#c,,uyo 9 ! ,june_/,july_/,augu/ #aihj issues ( ,radio ,communuication1 ! j\rnal ( ! ,r4,s4,g4,b4 & 9 ! ,novemb]_/,decemb] #aihj issues ( ,,q/4 ,,record ,,transequatorial ,,propagation ,,contacts ,,dur+ ,,sunspot ,,cyle #ba ,/ations ,m,hz ,date ,,gmt ,km ,,yv#e,,zz_/#f - ,,lu#a;,,dau #ade4i #bi_/aj_/gg #jb4jj #e1jjj ,_w record di/ance on #add ,m,hz4 ,fir/ ,we/]n hemisph]e contact4 ,,jh#f,,tew - ,,vk#h,,wj #add4a #aj_/jb_/gh #aa4ej #e1jfj ,fir/ ,pacific area contact4 ,,kp#d;,,eor - ,,lu#e;,,djz #ade4a #ab_/jb_/gh #jj4ab #f1cdj ,new _w di/ance record on #add ,m,hz4 ,,yv#e,,zz - ,,lu#c;,,aat #dcb4a #ac_/jb_/gh #ja4aj #e1ajj ,fir/ reception ( #dcb ,m,hz signals 9 ,we/]n hemisph]e4 #e;,b#d,,wr - ,,ze#b;,,jv #add4a #aj_/jd_/gh #ag4dj #e1hjj ,fir/ ,t4,e4,p4 contact betwe5 ,europe & ,africa4 ,,sv#a;,,ab - ,,ze#b;,,jv #add4a #ab_/jd_/gh #ah4jj #f1bfj ,fir/ ,greek di/ance record on #add ,m,hz4 ,,sv#a;,,dh - ,,zs#f;,,dn #add4a #ac_/jb_/gi #ah4ae #g1abj ,new _w di/ance record on #add ,m,hz4 ,,sv#a;,,dh - ,,ze#b;,,jv #dcb4c #bj_/jc_/gi #ah4bj #f1bej ,fir/ reception ( #dcb ,m,hz signals betwe5 ,europe & ,africa4 ,i#d;,,eat - ,,zs#c;,b #add4a #ca_/jc_/gi #ah4ej #g1hij ,_w di/ance record 7reception7 on #add ,m,hz4 #c4 ,george ,v]n>dakis ,,sv#a;,,ab4 7,v4,h4,f47 ,9 ,m>* #aihh ,i visit$ ,george ,v]n>dakis ,,sv#a;,,ab 7=m]ly ,f#i,,qn ( ,m>seilles1 ,france7 :o spoke to me ab\t 8 contribution to ! transequatorial te/s & 8 o!r exp]im5ts 9 connection ) ,moonb\nce1 ,meteor ,scatt] & ,sporadic ,e propagation4 ,9 #aife ,george told me1 ,i 0 ! only ,,sv /ation equipp$ = contacts via meteor scatt] s x 0 easy = me to make contacts ) _m ,european /ations4 ,! longe/ di/ance ,i a*iev$ 0 ) ,,ua#a;,,dz a ,physics ,pr(essor at ! ,univ]sity ( ,l5+rad 9 ! ,soviet ,union4 ,norman3 ,=give me = int]rupt+ y1 b please expla9 9 simple t]ms :at y mean by meteor scatt]4 ,george3 ,meteor scatt] is a way ( mak+ contacts on #b metres by reflection f meteorites--'%oot+ />s' z !y are call$ colloquially--:i* we see on cle> nights dur+ ! summ]4 ,( c\rse !y are n fall+ />s at all--!y are meteorites :i* burn up :5 !y hit ! e>?'s atmosph]e1 leav+ ! trail t we see4 ,we take advantage ( ?is ph5om5on = b\nc+ our signals (f ! trail b un=tunately x is a v %ort-liv$ ev5t4 ,once :5 !re 7 a lot ( meteorites ,i 0 able to ma9ta9 contact ) ,,lx#a,,si ( ,luxemb\rg = a :ole ?ree m9utes on ,,ssb4 ,x 0 dur+ ! p]iod ( ! ,p]sides :i* usually occur = a week 9 ,augu/ :5 ! e>?'s orbit takes x ?r\gh ?is cl\d ( space debris4 ,millions ( meteorites c be z small z a gra9 ( s& & ( c\rse leave no visible trail :5 !y /rike ! e>?'s atmosph]e4 ,! e>? goes ?r\gh o!r major clu/]s 9 ,april & 9 ,decemb]4 ,! ph5om5on c also affect signals on l[] frequ5cies4 ,"o c be 9 ,,qso on #bj metres via gr\nd wave ) a /ation a c\ple ( hundr$ miles away ) signals ar\nd s#b to s#c4 ,sudd5ly "o or two words are he>d at s#i :i* indicates a mom5t>y reflection (f a meteorite trail4 ,george also expla9$ t 9 ord] to defeat ! brevity ( ! "t :5 communication 0 possible x 0 cu/om>y to record a message on a tape record] & transmit x at high spe$4 ,! o!r /ation w\ld also record at high spe$ & !n play back at normal spe$ to he> ! message normally4 ,i ask$ ,,sv#a;,,ab to tell me ab\t ,sporadic ,e propagation4 ,9 ?is =m ( contact ! signals are reflect$ f an ionis$ area #ij to #abj kilometres above ! surface ( ! e>?4 ,i h be5 hav+ contacts by ?is me?od = ab\t #ah ye>s n[ ev5 be=e ! adv5t ( ,,ssb on two metres4 ,i h _h contacts ) ,engl& & ) ,mosc[ to ! nor?-ea/ ( ,a!ns4 ,! ph5om5on occurs = ?ree or f\r mon?s dur+ ! summ]1 & nev] dur+ ! w9t]4 ,! ionisation moves v rapidly sometimes--y may be talk+ to a /ation 9 ,malta & he sudd5ly disappe>s & a /ation 9 ,yugoslavia comes up on ! same frequ5cy4 ,e summ] ,george cont9u$1 we get ,troposcatt] :i* all[s communication on all frequ5cies f ,,vhf to #aj ,g,hz ev54 ,?is type ( propagation occurs dur+ c]ta9 special meteorological conditions1 l high b>ometric pressure & extreme heat4 ,we sometimes he> /ations 9 ,malta & ,sicily ) v l\d signals4 ,9 #aiff ,i built an a]ial array consi/+ ( #h n9e-elem5t ,yagis = #b metres ) ! axis ( rotation po9t+ to ! ,nor? ,/> enabl+ me to track ! ,moon automatically4 ,i 0 hop+ to make "s ,moonb\nce contacts1 b at t "t x 0 v difficult to con/ruct l[ noise preamplifi]s4 ,aft] _m days & h\rs ( try+ ,i manag$ a s+le brief contact ) ,f#h;,,d 9 ,france4 ,"s "t lat] ,i he>d t ,mike ,/aal ,k#f,,myc _h he>d me 9 ,cali=nia4 ,! funny ?+ ab\t ?is a]ial array 0 t x enabl$ me to receive television signals f ,nig]ia on ,*annel #c b only :5 ,i rais$ x up to an elevation ( ne>ly #ij degrees4 ,norman3 ,i und]/& t ,co/as ,georgi\ ,,sv#a,,oe is ! only ,greek amateur :o has _h successful ,q,s,os via ,moonb\nce4 ,george3 ,yes inde$4 ,b x 0 _m ye>s lat]1 us+ a l[ noise ,,gasfet preamplifi]4 ,k#a,,:s 9 ! ,u4,s4,a4 has an array consi/+ ( #dh ,yagis :i* enable him to contact /ations ) m mode/ in/allations4 ,9 #aigj a te*nician f ,/an=d ,univ]sity came to ,a!ns because ! track+ /ation !y _h set up on ,m\nt ,p5deli c\ld n pick ! ,univ]sity's satellite1 :]eas !y 7 gett+ good signals f x 9 ,spa94 ,"o ( ! assi/ants at ! /ation told ! ,am]ican t he knew an amateur :o c\ld pick up signals f satellites1 mean+ me4 ,! ,am]ican1 :o happ5$ to be an amateur himself1 imm$iately ask$ to see me4 ,:5 he saw my #h ant5na array he sugge/$ we %\ld use x to try & pick up ! ,univ]sity satellite4 ,i po9t$ out to him t my array 0 = #add ,m,hz :]eas ! satellite beacon 0 transmitt+ on #acf ,m,hz4 ,he gave me ! coord9ates = ! next pass & ,i rotat$ & rais$ my array 9 anticipation4 ,:5 ! exact "t arriv$ my mode/ receiv] pick$ up ! satellite beacon l\d & cle>4 ,! ,am]ican got s excit$ he ask$ me if he c\ld use my telephone to call ! ,univ]sity 9 ! ,u4,s4,a4 ,he told !m ! satellite _h be5 he>d at la/ 9 ,a!ns1 & by an amateur no less4 ,lat] ,i receiv$ a lett] f ,,nasa ?ank+ me = ! assi/ance ,i _h giv54 ,:5 ! ,am]ican left he gave me t #ej ,m,hz conv]t] y c see !re on ! %elf4 ,norman3 ,tell me ab\t y\r contribution to ! transequatorial te/s ( #aigi4 ,,sv#a;,,ab3 ,i _h be5 9 regul> contact ) ,,zs#f,,ln on t5 metres long be=e ,co/as ,,sv#a;,,dh appe>$ on ! sc5e4 ,i rememb] ask+ ,,zs#f,,ln :y we %\ld n receive ,s\? ,african /ations on #b metres :5 we c\ld he> !m s well on #ej ,m,hz4 ,he _h repli$ t ! two frequ5cies behav$ 9 a v diff]5t mann]1 b !re 0 no h>m 9 try+4 ,he got ,,zs#f,,pw & ,,zs#f;,,dn int]e/$ 9 ! idea1 p>ticul>ly ,,zs#f;,,dn :o _h mu* bett] a]ials & a v good ,,q?4 ,he 0 ! "o :o /ood ! bett] *ance ( be+ he>d 9 ,greece4 ,we arrang$ a s*$ule ( transmitt+ & li/5+ e ev5+4 ,fir/ !y transmitt$ & we li/5$1 & !n we transmitt$ & !y li/5$1 & contact 0 ma9ta9$ on t5 metres4 ,norman3 ,y said 'e ev5+'--d y mean t ! ,sun has some?+ to d ) ?is type ( propagation8 ,george3 ,mo/ c]ta9ly4 ,all ! contacts t 7 made subsequ5tly 7 at lea/ "o h\r aft] ! relevant "p ( ! ionosph]e 0 9 d>kness4 ,george !n describ$ h[ ! fir/ signals 7 he>d via transequatorial propagation4 ,george3 ,fir/ we he>d ! beacon on #add4afj ,m,hz set up by ,ray ,cracknell ,,ze#b;,,jv 9 ,s\!rn ,rhodesia 7n[ ,zimbabwe74 ,! date 0 ,april #ab? #aigh at #ah4jj ,g4,m4,t4 ,t5 mon?s lat] ,i he>d ,,zs#f;,,dn's automatic beacon ) a colossal signal1 b he 0 n at home6 ,i w5t to #bj metres & put out a frantic ,,cq = any /ation 9 ,s\? ,africa b got no reply4 ,i return$ to ! cross-b& frequ5cy on #aj metres :i* we us$ regul>ly = #bh_/ej ,m,hz ,q,s,os & manag$ to contact a /ation 9 ,s\? ,africa :o 0 v f> away f ,,zs#f;,,dn b :o k9dly (f]$ to ,,qsp a message by telephone4 ,he 0 told t ,,zs#f;,,dn _h gone out b w\ld be back soon4 ,i 0 t]rifi$ t ! op5+ w\ld n la/ long en\gh4 ,b 9 a few m9utes ,i he>d him call+ me sl[ly on ,,cw & we ex*ang$ reports at #ag4bj ,g4,m4,t on ,febru>y #af? #aigi4 ,?is 0 a new _w record = ! longe/ di/ance on #b metres4 ,?ree days e>li]1 h[ev]1 :5 ,i 0 n at home1 ,co/as ,,sv#a;,,dh _h e/abli%$ ! fir/ ,,tep contact betwe5 ,greece & ,s\? ,africa :5 he contact$ ,,zs#f;,,dn4 ,z y "k1 my location is a m]e #aj kilometres nor? ( ,,sv#a;,,dh's4 ,i h a tape record+ ( my ,,qso ) ,,zs#f;,,dn z well z ) ,,zs#f,,pw ^: signals came ?r\gh a few m9utes lat] at #ag4cd ,g4,m4,t4 on t hi/oric ev5+47,! local "t 9 ,a!ns 0 #g4cd p4m474,( c\rse ! di/ance record 0 brok5 aga9 on ,septemb] #ag? #aiha :5 ,i contact$ ,,zs#d;,,bu :o is #aaj kilometres fur!r s\? ?an ,,zs#f;,,dn4 ,norman3 ,7 all ^! contacts only on ! key8 ,george3 ,yes1 all ! contacts 7 on ,,cw4 ,on sev]al occasions we tri$ ,,ssb b !re 0 s mu* di/ortion t n a s+le ^w c\ld be id5tifi$4 ,,tep has a lot ( flutt] & fad+ & z y c he> on ! tapes ev5 ! morse comes ?r\gh l a brea?+ noise1 n a cle> tone4 ,?is applies to contacts betwe5 ,greece & ,s\? ,africa4 ,contacts betwe5 ,japan & ,au/ralia :]e ! di/ances involv$ are small]1 h be5 made on ,,ssb4 ,norman3 ,:at ab\t cycle #bb8 ,george3 see h[ ?+s g4 ,if any?+ is a*iev$ x %\ld be 9 #aiij or lat]4 ,) mod]n equipm5t we %all be able to he> signals t 7 buri$ 9 ! noise 9 #aigi4 #d4 ,dr ,spyros ,tsaltas ,,sv#a;,,at ,george ,delik>is ,,sv#a;,,am4 7,mobile74 ,! fir/ two lic5s$ amateurs to make contact on #b metres 9 ,greece 7 ,dr ,spyros ,tsaltas ,,sv#a;,,at & ,george ,delik>is ,,sv#a;,,am4 ,!y _h put toge!r ! fam\s ,hea?kit ',,two]'4 ,cry/als 7 pl5tiful on ! surplus m>ket1 b x 0 n easy to f9d two ( ! same frequ5cy4 ,,sv#a;,,at transmitt$ on #add4gbj & ,,sv#a;,,am on #ade4ace ,m,hz4 ,! fir/ contact took place at #ac4cj local "t on ! #ba/ ( ,decemb] #aifc4 ,a few days lat] ,,sv#a;,,at _h a cross-b& ,,qso ) ,george ,v]n>dakis ,,sv#a;,,ab :o 0 transmitt+ 9 ! #bj metre b& on #ad4bej ,m,hz ,a4,m4 z he _h n complet$ 8 ,,two] yet4 ,at t "t ,,sv#a;,,at 0 ! ,secret>y ( ! ,radio ,amateur ,association ( ,greece4 ,he sugge/$ to ! ,committee t ! ,club %\ld apply = a tempor>y lic5ce to be grant$ to ,,sv#a;,,am enabl+ him to transmit f 8 vehicle :ile 9 motion4 ,! lic5s+ au?ority gave ! lic5ce = exp]im5tal purposes only1 & = a p]iod n exce$+ "o mon?4 ,& s x 0 t ! fir/ 'mobile' ,,qso took place on #b metres betwe5 lic5s$ ,greek amateurs on ! #bg? ( ,janu>y #aife at #ai4be local "t4 ,,sv#a;,,am 0 travell+ 9 8 c> & ,,sv#a;,,at 0 at 8 home ,,q?4 #e4 ,co/as ,tzezairlidis ,,sv#d;,,cg4 7,,s/v74 ,9 #aigj ,co/as ,tzezairlidis ,,sv#d;,,cg built a unique electro me*anical ma*9e us+ two motors to a*ieve horizontal & v]tical scann+4 ,he _h f\nd a motor :i* rotat$ at #ifj ,r4,p4,m4 :i* corresponds to #af revolutions p] second1 ! exact spe$ requir$ = ! horizontal scann+4 ,! spe$ ( ! second motor 0 #a revolution p] second4 ,! reciprocal motion 0 produc$ by a cam ?r\gh an #h3a r$uction ge>4 ,a weight atta*$ to ! microscope pull$ x back to />t ! next l9e4 ,! microscope 0 focuss$ %>ply on ! drum c>ry+ ! picture to be transmitt$4 ,resolution 0 excell5t4 ,! 'microscope' consi/$ ( a c>dbo>d tube ) a #ac cm focal l5g? l5s at "o end & a ,philips ,,oap#ab photo-diode at ! o!r ) ano!r l5s 9 front ( x4 ,?is primitive microscope produc$ a picture ( reasonable quality4 ,= reception ,,sv#d;,,cg made a conv]t] us+ ! long p]si/5ce ,p#g c4r4t4 ,) ?is set-up ,co/as _h 8 fir/ ,,s/v contact on #dj metres ) ,,sv#a;,,ab on ,febru>y #bh? #aiga4 ,aft] t he _h _m contacts on #g & #ad ,m,hz z c be se5 f ! extract f 8 log4 7,! special commemorative prefix ( ,,sz#j 0 us$ by all ,,sv /ations dur+ #aiga74 #f4 ,co/as ,georgi\ ,,sv#a,,oe4 7,e4,m4,e47 ,up to ! end ( #aihh ! only ,greek amateur :o _h positively au!nticat$ ,moonb\nce contacts 0 ,co/as ,georgi\ ,,sv#a,,oe4 ,8 v fir/ contact 0 made 9 #aihb :5 he contact$ ,,ve#g;,,bqh 9 ,canada on #b metres4 ,9 ! ensu+ f\r ye>s ,co/as manag$ to "w f\r m /ations3 ,k#a,,:s1 ,,sm#d;,,gvf1 ,w#e,,un & ,,kb#h,,rq4 ,9 #aihb ,co/as _h be5 try+ = ?ree ye>s1 )\t success1 to he> 8 own signal via ,moonb\nce4 ,! reason = 8 failure 0 t he 0 unaw>e ( a v basic fact4 ,i 0 completely ignorant ( ! ,doppl] %ift effect1 ,co/as told me4 ,! frequ5cy ( receiv$ signals v>ies accord+ to ! position ( ! moon4 ,if x is to ! ,ea/ ( y\r own location ! signals return #ejj to #a1jjj ,hz bel[ ! orig9al transmitt$ frequ5cy4 ,= ye>s ,i _h be5 s5d+ long da%es sl[ly & wait+ to he> my signals return on ! same spot1 :i* !y nev] did4 ,?is happ5s = "o in/ant only1 :5 ! ,moon is at #ahj degrees azimu?1 exactly due s\?4 ,:5 x moves to ! we/ ( s\? ! return+ frequ5cy is correspond+ly high]4 ,us+ a #ej;,hz audio filt] 7:i* is ess5tial = ,moonb\nce7 x is v easy to miss ! weak signals4 ,soon aft] ,i f\nd out my ridicul\s mi/ake ,i began to he> my signals1 naturally ) a delay ( "o or two seconds because ( ! enorm\s di/ance involv$--#ggj1jjj kilometres1 #che1jjj !re & #che1jjj back4 ,co/as cont9u$3 ,my next problem 0 f9d+ ! moon4 ,i _h no comput] at ! "t & no ,kepl]ian elem5ts4 ,i m\nt$ a small video cam]a 9 ! c5tre ( f\r #af-;elem5t ,yagi ant5nas & rotat$ ! elevation & azimu? motors until ,i c\ld see ! moon 9 ! c5tre ( ! monitor 9 ! %ack4 ,( c\rse :5 ! sky 0 ov]ca/ ,i 0 out ( bus9ess4 ,mu* lat] :5 ,i obta9$ a little ,s9clair ,,zx#hj comput] life became easi]4 ,:5 ,i made my fir/ contact ,i 0 simultane\sly 9 ,,qso ) ,,sv#a;,,ab & ,,sv#a;,,io on #a1bif ,m,hz :o c\ld he> :at 0 go+ on4 ,i rememb] ,,sv#a;,,ab got v excit$ & began %\t+ ',i c he> him1 ,i c he> him6' ,! ,,qso 0 ) ,,ve#g;,,bqh4 ,lat] ,lionel s5t me a v valuable pres5t1 valuable n = its co/ b = ! fact t x 0 some?+ q unobta9able 9 ,greece at t "t--a v l[-noise preamplifi] = #b metres4 ,aft] ! successful laun* ( ,osc> #aj ^? amateurs :o _h complex ant5na sy/ems & l[-noise receiv]s !y _h us$ = ,moonb\nce congregat$ on #ade4iej & spoke to ea* o!r on ,,qrp :i* prev5t$ ord9>y mortals f he>+ !m4 ,by ,,qrp ,i mean outputs ( half a watt or less4 ,b :5 f9ally "o day ,i broke into a net ,,qso ,i arrang$ s*$ules = ,moonb\nce ) two /ations 9 ,sw$54 ,i _h a successful contact ) "o ( !m b nev] he>d ! o!r4 ,! reason may h be5 a v simple "o3 ! pol>isation ( signals return+ f ! ,moon v>ies f "o mom5t to ! o!r1 s if y h be5 transmitt+ ) horizontal pol>isation & g ov] to reception x is v easy to miss ! answ] ( ! o!r /ation if ! pol>isation has *ang$4 ,,sv#a,,oe !n expla9$ ! v /rict proc$ure :i* mu/ be adh]$ to = ,moonb\nce s*$ules4 ,s*$ules are arrang$ to la/ "o h\r4 ,! fir/ /ation to />t transmitt+ on ! h\r mu/ be ! "o ^: ,,q? lies to ! ea/ ( ! o!r4 ,! call+ frequ5cy = ,moonb\nce is #add4jaa ,m,hz41 & ! duration ( ! call is #b m9utes1 b = ! fir/ m9ute & a half y call ,,cq ,,de ,,sv#a,,oe & dur+ ! la/ half m9ute y also give ! call ( ! /ation y are try+ to contact1 = in/ance ,g#c;,,fnj ,,de ,,sv#a,,oe4 ,y mu/ on no acc\nt transmit = m ?an two m9utes because at ! beg9n+ ( ! ?ird m9ute ! o!r /ation w beg9 transmitt+ ! same patt]n ( signals4 ,b if he has he>d y he w alt] ! patt]n4 ,= ! fir/ half m9ute he w s5d ,,sv#a,,oe ,,de ,g#c;,,fnj & = ! ensu+ m9ute & a half he w transmit ! lett] ,o :i* signifies t he has he>d y\r callsign completely & )\t difficulty i4e4 ,q#e 9 ! ,q ,code4 ,if ,i h also he>d y\r callsign completely ,i w s5d ,g#c;,,fnj = half a m9ute foll[$ by ,,ro = a m9ute & a half1 :i* means t ,i h also receiv$ y\r callsign & y\r ,o4 ,& y w reply ,,ro #gc :i* concludes ! successful contact4 ,!re are "o or two o!r lett]s t c be us$4 ,s5d+ ,m signifies t ,i he> y well b c only copy #ej ( y\r transmission1 equival5t to ,q#c4 ,& ! lett] ,t signifies ,i he> y b _c read y at all--,q#a4 ,x has be5 f\nd by exp]i5ce t ! be/ s5d+ spe$ is #h w4p4m4 ,s5d+ sl[ly or v fa/ pres5ts problems at ! o!r end4 ,,*apt] ,,eight ,,p]sonal ,,rem9isc5ces ,,& ,,anecdotes ,! eight items :i* foll[ are n /rictly "p ( ! /ory ( ! developm5t ( amateur radio1 b !y deal ) "s hi/orical ev5ts :i* are connect$ ) our hobby4 ,two are ( p>ticul> int]e/3 ! acc\nt giv5 to me by ,takis ,c\mbias =m]ly ,,sv#a;,,aaa ( ! e>ly days ( amateur radio 9 ,russia & ! /ory ( ! ,greek broadca/s f ,cairo1 ,egypt dur+ ! ,g]man_/,italian occupation ( ,greece 9 ,_w ,w> ,,ii4 ,ne>ly all ! photographs ( ! p]iod 7 tak5 by ! au?or4 #a4 ,a?anasios ',takis' ,c\mbias 7#aiji-aihg7 ,:5 ,i met ,takis 9 8 (fice 9 ,may #aihc ,i told him ,i 0 ?9k+ ( writ+ a small book ab\t ! hi/ory ( amateur radio 9 ,greece be=e x 0 too late--s _m ( ! old tim]s _h already pass$ away4 ,little did we bo? suspect at ! "t t he also w\ld n live to see ! f9i%$ project4 ,i ask$ him h[ f> back he c\ld rememb]4 ,well1 ,i c />t f #aibd :5 ,i 0 ab\t #ae & liv+ 9 ,odessa 9 ! ,soviet ,union4 ,!re 0 a lot ( int]e/ 9 wireless & two magaz9es 7 publi%$ 9 ,russia :i* dealt ma9ly ) ! con/ruction ( receiv]s4 ,my int]e/ 0 fir/ ar\s$ :5 a fri5d ( m9e at s*ool pr\dly %[$ me some?+ he _h j made4 ,x 01 he told me1 a v>iable capacitor & he 0 go+ to use x to make a radio receiv]4 ,! contraption 0 enorm\s by today's /&>ds & mu/ h weigh$ ab\t half a kilo4 ,my fri5d said x _h a capacity ( #bej micro-micro f>ads1 :i* meant absolutely no?+ to me at ! "t4 ,:5 he complet$ 8 receiv] ,i became v int]e/$ & decid$ ,i w\ld build "o too4 ,b mat]ials 7 h>d to f9d & v exp5sive4 ,two items "o _h to buy3 valves & headphones4 ,i ask$ my fri5d :]e he _h f\nd ! %eet metal to make ! plates ( ! capacitor4 ,he took me to a r[ ( small %ops :i* _h a metal-fac$ l$ge bel[ ! %op w9d[4 ,! metal 0 ?9 & seem$ easy en\gh to remove4 ,we sat on ! l$ge = a :ile & :5 ! coa/ 0 cle> we tore away a section & ran l mad4 ,lat] ,i ru9$ a pair ( my "m's dressmak+ scissors cutt+ out ! plates4 ,i us$ r+s ( "s ?ick copp] wire to space ! plates b ,i c\ld n drill holes 9 ! plates = ! sp9dle s a fri5d did t = me4 ,i us$ ab\t #ae plates & to ?is day ,i h no idea :at ! capacity ( ! f9i%$ capacitor 04 ,"s small items = ! receiv] c\ld be f\nd 9 a little %op own$ by an old man :o *>g$ exorbitant prices1 s ,i decid$ ,i mu/ g to ,mosc[ = ! valve & a s+le headphone t ,i ne$$4 ,b ,mosc[ 0 ?ree days & two nights away by tra91 & x 0 ! middle ( w9t]4 ,s :at1 y may ask4 ,l _m o!rs ,i _h to travel on ! ro( ( a goods waggon4 ,i took ) me a loaf ( bread1 a piece ( *eese & two h>d-boil$ eggs4 ,my fa!r said ,i mu/ be mad b he gave me "s sp5d+ money & 8 bless+4 ,i _h eat5 my food by ! end ( ! second day s :5 we /opp$ at ,br5sk :i* is fam\s = its 'pir\%ki' ,i decid$ to try !m4 ,!y 7 kept w>m 9 l>ge metal t9s ready = ! arrival ( ! tra94 ,!re 7 sev5 v>ieties & ,i _h "o made ) liv] & a sav\ry sauce4 ,:5 ,i arriv$ 9 ,mosc[ ,i w5t to see ! ,greek ambassador z ,i 0 c>ry+ a lett] ( introduction f my fa!r :o 0 act+ ,consul = ,greece 9 ,odessa1 b x 0 ,saturday & ! ambassador's (fice 0 clos$4 ,i le>n$ lat] t only =eign e/abli%m5ts clos$ at ! week-end4 ,s ,i w5t to look = a *eap hotel4 ,look+ out ( ! b$room w9d[ ,i saw a lot ( p runn+ 9 "o direction4 ,at t mom5t a woman br\ght me a t[el & a small b> ( soap1 s ,i ask$ h] :at 0 go+ on outside4 ,%e said ! but*] ne> ! hotel _h j receiv$ "s liv]4 ,w\ld %e buy me "s ,i said4 ,i gave h] "s money & %e return$ ne>ly two h\rs lat] ) ! liv] wrapp$ 9 newspap]4 ,:5 ,i op5$ x ,i saw x 0 horse liv] cook$ ) corn & x _h an awful s\r smell4 ,i j c\ld n face x1 al?\gh ,i 0 />v+ by n[4 ,i ask$ ,takis ab\t ! %ops 9 ,mosc[4 ,he said he _h f\nd sev]al %ops ) p>ts & "s made-up receiv]s 9 ! ,/ate own$ %ops4 ,he le>n$ lat] t ^! receiv]s 7 made by amateurs because ! factories only made equipm5t = ! arm$ =ces4 ,he b\ght a triode valve call$ ',,micro' & 0 told x _h an amplification factor ( #g4 ,he wrapp$ x c>efully 9 cotton wool = ! return j\rney to ,odessa4 ,he also b\ght a dry batt]y pack :i* gave #hj volts1 & an enorm\s s+le headphone = "o e> :i* 0 ex-army surplus4 ,:5 he return$ home & began to build 8 receiv] he raid$ 8 "m's kit*5 to build ?+s l t]m9als1 swit*es etc4 ,!re 0 an electric bell circuit betwe5 ! d9+ room & ! kit*5 & z !y didn't use x 8 "m said he c\ld dismantle x & use ! wire1 :i* 0 q long because x w5t up into ! l(t & !n d[n aga9 to ! kit*54 ,i _h acquir$ a small squ>e ( bakelite & ,i us$ a p5knife to make a hold] = ! valve1 twi/+ a few turns ( wire r\nd ! p9s z ,i c\ld f9d no?+ to use z a socket4 ,i _h no idea h[ to connect ! v>i\s items ,i made or b\ght4 ,i _h se5 a circuit diagram 9 a ,fr5* magaz9e ( a detector ) reaction4 ,i made ! connections by twi/+ wires toge!r & f9ally ! receiv] 0 complete4 ,! next ?+ 0 ! a]ial4 ,i made an enorm\s a]ial ) f\r p>allel wires1 l ! a]ials ,i _h se5 on %ips4 ,putt+ x up 0 a dang]\s op]ation z our h\se _h a r /eep til$ ro(1 s ,i got "s fri5ds to help me4 ,"s ( !m :o _h 'sup]ior k' told me ! d[n-lead mu/ h no b5ds4 ,i got hold ( a /iff copp] wire & support$ ! d[n-lead on two enorm\s bell insulators z us$ on telegraph poles4 ,i _h to sma% a corn] ( my b$room w9d[ to br+ ! wire 94 ,i _h b\ght a l>ge knife swit* :i* c\ld be turn$ ov] to connect ! a]ial to gr\nd4 ,i 0 afraid ! l>ge flat top ( ! a]ial w\ld attract ?und]bolts4 ,:5 ,i f9ally connect$ ! a]ial to ! receiv] ,i he>d ,,absolutely ,,no?+4 ,i ask$ him h[ he tun$ ! receiv]4 ,he said he _h put _m taps on ! coil & he twi/$ 8 ant5na to ^! taps try+ v>i\s comb9ations ) ! tun+ capacitor4 ,all ,i he>d 0 ?is brea?+ noise4 ,i le>n$ lat] t x 0 ! 'c>ri] wave' ( a broadca/+ /ation )\t modulation1 b ,i didn't "k :at t meant4 ,z my fri5ds also he>d ! same noise ,i 0 conv9c$ my receiv] 0 work+4 ,we soon f\nd out t ! long wave transmitt] at ,ank>a1 ! capital ( ,turkey 0 mak+ te/ transmissions )\t modulation4 ,ank>a 0 "o ( ! fir/ broadca/+ /ations 9 t "p ( ! _w4 ,norman3 ,reg5]ation %\ld h produc$ a :i/le4 ,takis3 ,yes1 inde$4 ,& 9 a peculi> way4 ,:5 ,i approa*$ ! receiv] my h& produc$ ! :i/le4 ,norman3 ,h& capacity effect4 ,takis3 ,& foot capacity effect z well6 ,:5 ,i approa*$ my knee to ! metal leg ( ! "w-b5* ,i w\ld lose ! /ation ,i _h be5 li/5+ to4 ,he said ! tun+ capacitor he _h made 0 obvi\sly too small & he _h to alt] ! taps on ! coil cont9u\sly4 ,ab\t ?ree o'clock 9 ! morn+ dur+ a cold w9t] night he he>d a new s\nd--! brea?+ 7c>ri]7 noise & a sort ( regul> tick+4 ,he lat] f\nd out t x 0 ! new broadca/+ /ation 9 ,vi5na1 ,au/ria1 :i* transmitt$ ! s\nd ( a metronome ?r\gh\t ! night4 ,?is w\ld h be5 ab\t #aibf4 ,i ask$ ,takis ab\t s*ool4 ,9 spite ( ! late nights li/5+ ,i nev] miss$ a day at s*ool4 ,my fa!r 0 ! ,*airman ( ! ,s*ool ,committee & ,i c\ldn't let him d[n4 ,b ,i _h to e>n "s pocket money to pay = ! bits a pieces ,i ne$$4 ,p>ticul>ly a dec5t pair ( headphones2 ,i _h to hold ! army headphone to me e> ) "o h& :i* gave me p9s & ne$les4 ,= "s ye>s ,i _h kept goldfi% & pigeons1 s ,i sold !m4 ,a fri5d ( m9e _h gone to sea z a cadet & 8 %ip w5t abroad1 s ,i ask$ him to get me a pair ( headphones4 ,i mu/ expla9 to y t x 0 no easy matt] = a ,russian seaman to s]ve on a vessel :i* visit$ =eign ports4 ,fir/ "o _h to g ?r\gh ! ,communi/ ,p>ty sieve & !n he 0 told t if he jump$ %ip 8 family w\ld suff] = x4 ,anyway1 he b\ght me a lovely pair ( ,telefunk5 headphones :5 ! %ip b]!d at ,con/ant9ople 7,i/anbul7 :i* ,i h to ?is day4 ,b n on 8 fir/ trip1 :5 he 0 n all[$ to g a%ore4 ,& x 0 n ! capta9 :o decid$ :o c\ld g a%ore4 ,a tru/$ memb] ( ! ,p>ty w\ld pick out a gr\p ( seam5 :o c\ld l& b !y _h to /ay toge!r ! :ole "t4 ,i nev] manag$ to g abroad4 ,at ! ,club ,i _h obta9$ a morse te/ c]tificate = #dj lett]s a m9ute 7#h wpm7 9 ,lat9 *>act]s & #ij lett]s 7#ah wpm7 9 ! ,cyrillic alphabet 7,russian74 ,to g abroad "o _h to up-grade to #hj ,lat9 & #abj ,cyrillic lett]s4 7#af #bd wpm74 ,i 0 put on a small coa/al ice-break] :i* cle>$ ! riv] e/u>ies 9 ! ,black ,sea4 ,! ,black ,sea is "o ( ! mo/ trea*]\s inl& seas 9 ! _w4 ,dur+ ! w9t] its nor!rn %ores are froz5 :]eas ! coa/ ( ,asia ,m9or keeps ! s\!rn %ores relatively w>m by comp>ison4 ,?is results 9 gale =ce w9ds & r\gh seas4 ,waves foll[ ea* o!r v closely z oppos$ to ! long swell "o gets 9 ! ,pacific4 ,%ips h to leave port to avoid cra%+ into ea* o!r4 ,i 0 ab\t #ah :5 ,i fir/ w5t to sea z a cadet ,w_/,t op]ator4 ,"o day :5 we came out ( an e/u>y ! sea 0 s r\gh t ! capta9 decid$ to turn back4 ,z we turn$ to />bo>d we notic$ an ,am]ican freight] beh9d u heavily lad5 ) :eat & v l[ d[n 9 ! wat]4 ,to our horror x 0 caught betwe5 ! cre/s ( two enorm\s waves & broke 9 two r\ghly amid%ips4 ,al?\gh we 7 only ab\t half a mile away ! freight] sank be=e we c\ld get to x4 ,we saw a few survivors 9 ! wat]1 b x w\ld h be5 impossible to put a boat into t trea*]\s sea4 ,ap>t f :i* a man _c survive _m m9utes 9 a wat] temp]ature j above freez+4 ,x 0 all ov] 9 a fla% & we return$ to ,odessa 9 deep %ock4 ,odessa us$ to h f\r h>b\rs4 ,! callsign ( ! ,w_/,t /ation 0 ,,eu#e,,kao4 ,i rememb] x v well because x 0 my job to take ! wea!r =eca/s = %ipp+ :i* x transmitt$ regul>ly4 ,takis spoke ab\t "s amus+ misconceptions ( t p]iod4 ,:5 he fir/ complet$ 8 receiv] & 0 gett+ poor results ) x he ask$ a m exp]i5c$ amateur to look at x4 ,! 'exp]t' imm$iately f\nd ! fir/ fault3 ! d[nlead f ! ant5na _h a b5d 9 x ( m ?an #de degrees :i* 0 q unacceptable4 ,secondly1 ! gr\nd connection to ! c5tral heat+ radiator 0 no good because x 0 w9t] & ! radiator 0 hot s x pres5t$ a v high resi/ance6 ,x mu/ be sold]$1 he said1 to a cold wat] tap4 ,i tri$ ev]y?+ ,i c\ld ?9k ( to sold] ! wire to ! tap1 b to no avail4 ,!n "o day ,i _h a bra9-wave & ,i made a /up5d\s inv5tion6 ,i wrapp$ a copp] /rip r\nd ! tap & bolt$ x tightly1 toge!r ) ! gr\nd wire4 ,i 0 really v pr\d ( myself & wond]$ if anybody else _h ev] ?\ght ( do+ x t way4 ,i ask$ ,takis if he _h done any transmitt+ f home4 ,we amateurs ( =eign orig9 7 n all[$ to own transmitt]s b we c\ld op]ate ! club /ation "u close sup]vision by ! ,p>ty memb] :o 0 always pres5t4 ,my own ,,swl callsign 0 ,,rk-#aacf z y c see f ! ,,qsl c>d ,i receiv$ f ,,eu#e;,,dn 9 #aibi4 ,i rememb] our excitem5t :5 we fir/ contact$ a /ation outside ,russia4 ,x 0 a /ation 9 ,sa>bruek5 & we 7 on a wavel5g? ( #db metres4 ,all ! memb]s ( ! ,club s5t him our ,,swl reports & he s5t u back 8 c>ds & a photograph ( 8 equipm5t :i* 0 publi%$ 9 ! ,mosc[ amateur j\rnal & s ,odessa became fam\s4 ,on #db metres mo/ ( our ,q,s,os 7 ) ,g]man /ations4 ,z a result ( ?is success _m "y lads jo9$ our club & we 'exp]ts' w\ld expla9 to !m ab\t b5ds 9 ! a]ial d[n-lead & ! high resi/ance ( a gr\nd connection to a c5tral heat+ radiator :5 ! wat] 9 x 0 hot66 ,! club transmitt] consi/$ ( #d valves 9 a ,h>tley p>allel pu%-pull oscillator circuit :i* we consid]$ to be ( relative 'high p[]'--p]haps all ( #aj watts4 ,takis cont9u$3 ,9 #aicj1 my family1 l _m o!r families ( ,greek orig91 mov$ to ,a!ns4 ,i built a cw transmitt] us+ f\r ,philips valves4 ,i w5t & saw ,mr ,elef!ri\ at ! ,m9i/ry & he in=m$ me t !re 0 no way t he c\ld issue me ) a transmitt+ lic5ce1 b he ?ank$ me all ! same = tell+ him ,i _h built a transmitt]4 ,takis cont9u$3 ,i w\ld l y to notice ^! two ,,qsl c>ds ,i receiv$ 9 #aicc4 ,i#a;,,ip wrote on 8 c>d ',i am on ! air s9ce #aibd b y are ! fir/ ,,sv /ation ,i h he>d'4 ,& ! ,briti% li/5] ,,brs#aahc wrote ',de> old man1 v pleas$ to report y\r signals4 ,are y ! only active /ation 9 ,,sv8' ,i ?9k ^? comm5ts speak = !mselves4 ,norman3 ,_h y n he>d ab\t ,tavaniotis1 :o _h also emigrat$ f ,russia8 ,takis3 ,no4 ,x 0 y :o took me to ! basem5t %ack & introduc$ me4 ,i rememb] h[ ,i gap$ :5 ,i saw ! #aej watt transmitt] ,bill _h built4 ,takis !n describ$ h[ he _h he>d a di/ress signal on 8 home-made receiv]4 ,x 0 9 a language he c\ld n und]/& s he call$ 8 fa!r1 :o 0 q a l+ui/1 to li/54 ,x appe>$ t ! vessel _h caught fire z x 0 approa*+ ! port ( ,piraeus1 s\? ( ,a!ns4 ,! capta9 ( ! %ip said _! pr$icam5t 0 complicat$ by ! fact t !y 7 transport+ a l>ge circus1 ) _m wild animals4 ,takis ran to ! ne>e/ ,police /ation & told 8 /ory1 b 0 greet$ practically ) d]ision4 ,h[ c\ld a "y lad l him "k !re _h be5 a fire on a %ip :i* 0 n ev5 9 sight ( ! %ore8 ,anyway1 somebody 0 br\ght to ! /ation & ! (fic] said ,g ) ?is man4 ,takis 0 tak5 to ! coa/ at ,palaio ,faliro :]e he bo>d$ a salvage tug1 & !y set out to sea4 ,he said ! vessel 9 di/ress _h be5 b\nd = ,piraeus1 & sure en\gh ! salvage tug locat$ x1 b :5 !y approa*$ x !re 0 no sign ( fire z x _h be5 put out1 be=e any ( ! animals c\ld be h>m$4 ,b ! eng9e room _h be5 damag$1 s ! tug t[$ ! vessel into h>b\r4 ,:at ,c\mbias didn't "k 0 t by law he 0 entitl$ to a proportion ( ! salvage money1 & he nev] got any?+4 ,ano!r incid5t involv+ a small ya*t :i* belong$ to a fri5d ( ,takis' l$ to an int]e/+ assignm5t4 ,! ya*t 0 consid]$ to be n seawor?y any m1 & a ,w_/,t transmitt] x c>ri$ 0 dismantl$ completely by an electrician :o knew no?+ ab\t wireless4 ,i 0 ask$ to put x toge!r aga9 by ! own] :o want$ to sell x to ! %ip to %ore ,w_/,t /ation :]e !y did n h a %ort wave capability yet4 ,:5 ,i 0 %[n ! p>ts ,i 0 horrifi$ to see t !re 0 no circuit diagram or in/ructions ( any sort4 ,x took me m ?an a mon? to figure x all out4 ,! transmitt] 0 ( ,fr5* manufacture & consi/$ ( two enorm\s triodes 9 a ,h>tley oscillator circuit4 ,:5 ,i got x to "w x 0 in/all$ at ! ,naval ,wireless /ation at ,votanikos1 :]e ! ,director1 ,capta9 ,kyriakos ,pezop\los us$ x = exp]im5tal transmissions4 ,!re 7 already two o!r transmitt]s !re1 "o on ,long ,waves & "o on #fjj metres4 ,! callsign ( ! /ation 0 ,,sxa4 ,z ?is 0 ! ?ird transmitt] !y us$ ! callsign ,,sxa#c4 ,! op]ator1 ,lt4 ,george ,bassiacos1 _h discov]$ "s telegraphy /ations :i* repli$ :5 he call$ !m--he _h accid5tally /umbl$ ^u ! amateur #bj metre b&6 ,) a transmitt] suppli$ ) unrectifi$ ,a4,c4 at #djj ,hz4 & a p[] output ( sev]al kil[atts1 no wond] contacts ) any "p ( ! _w 7 easy4 ,:5 ,capta9 ,pezop\los met ,bill ,tavaniotis ! latt] sugge/$ t if ! 'exp]im5tal' transmissions 7 to cont9ue 9 ! amateurs b&s1 ! callsign %\ld be alt]$ to ,,sx#c;,a4 ,?\s&s ( successful contacts 7 made z x 0 ! beg9n+ ( sunspot cycle #af1 a v good "o z old tim]s w "k4 ,if anyone read+ ?is has a ,,qsl c>d f ,,sx#c;,a x w\ld be appreciat$ if he w\ld donate x to ! ,te*nical ,museum 9 ,greece4 7,takis ,c\mbias di$ sudd5ly ( a he>t attack 9 ,septemb] #aihg47 #b4 ,pol ,psomiadis ,n#b;,,doe 7=m]ly ,,sv#a;,,az74 ,! text :i* foll[s 0 writt5 by ,pol ,n#b;,,doe ( ,b]g5field ,,nj4 ,norman ,joly & ,i fir/ met 9 #aice :5 ,i />t$ work+ ) ,bill ,,sv#a,,ke z 8 radio me*anic4 ,norman 0 !n work+ = ! local ag5ts ( ,,rca sell+ broadca/ receiv]s4 ,! la/ "t ,i saw him be=e ! w>1 0 9 ,septemb] #aici4 ,i 0 /ill work+ ) ,bill & ,i w5t to ! ,briti% ,s*ool ( ,ar*aeology 9 ,a!ns to deliv] a ,national ,,nc #ajj ) a ,spid]web all-b& ant5na4 ,norman _h be5 recruit$ to set up a monitor+ /ation = ! ,press ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,briti% ,embassy1 :i* _h be5 mov$ to a build+ 9 ! gr\nds ( ! s*ool4 ,aft] ! end ( ! w> ,i saw him aga9 9 #aidh 9 ! uni=m ( a ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,police work+ 9 ! ,briti% ,police ,mission to ,greece4 ,he told me he _h obta9$ a special lic5ce & 0 back on ! air ) 8 pre-w> callsign ,,sv#a,,rx4 ,9 #aiea ,i emigrat$ to ,brazil :]e ,i /ay$ = #ag ye>s & !n came to ! ,u4,s4,a4 9 #aifh1 :]e ,i h be5 ev] s9ce4 ,we _h lo/ contact ) ea* o!r & x 0 five ye>s lat] t ,i f\nd ,norman's address 9 ! ,am]ican callbook4 ,i wrote to him & 9 8 reply he begg$ me to come on ! air aga94 ,ow+ to a prolong$ family illness :i* culm9at$ 9 ! loss ( my belov$ wife x 0 #aihj be=e ,i 0 9 ! mood to take up amateur radio once aga91 ) my pres5t callsign ,n#b;,,doe4 ,:5 ,i w5t to ,london 9 #aihd to sp5d a few weeks ) ,norman he told me he _h />t$ record+ "s rem9isc5ces on a tape record] ab\t ! fir/ radio amateurs 9 ,greece1 & he ask$ me if ,i w\ld l to help4 ,z ,i 0 "o ( !m myself ,i agre$4 ,:5 ,i left to return to ! ,u4,s4,a4 he gave me a numb] ( cassettes to transcribe4 ,al?\gh he speaks flu5t ,greek )\t any acc5t at all1 he nev] att5d$ a ,greek s*ool & c\ldn't write ! memories4 ,he told me to add any?+ else ,i c\ld rememb] ab\t ^? pione]+ days long gone by4 ,s1 to />t f ! beg9n+1 let me say t ,i 0 born 9 ,con/ant9ople 7n[ ,i/anbul7 9 ,turkey1 9 ,octob] #aiaj1 ( ,greek p>5ts4 ,al?\gh we spoke ,greek at home ,i did n g to a ,greek s*ool until ,i 0 n9e4 ,b ,i soon mov$ to ! ,fr5* ,college :]e all ! lessons 7 9 ,fr5* & ,greek 0 only taught z a =eign language = two h\rs e aft]noon4 ,my eld] bro!r _h subscrib$ to a ,fr5* magaz9e call$ ',la ,sci5ce et ,la ,vie' 7,sci5ce ,life7 & ,i _h become fasc9at$ by a subject call$ ',telegrafie sans fil' 7,telegraphy )\t wire74 ,! broadca/+ ( spee* & music _h n />t$ yet 9 t "p ( ! _w1 ?\gh 9 #aibc1 a broadca/+ /ation 0 built 9 ,ank>a ! capital ( ,turkey4 ,broadca/ receiv]s began to appe> 9 ! %ops1 ei!r ) headphones or l>ge horn l\dspeak]s1 b we nev] _h "o at home4 ,9 #aibf we mov$ to ,a!ns1 ,greece1 :]e ,i w5t to s*ool4 ,/rangely en\gh1 z ,i f\nd out lat]1 t 0 ! ye> :5 ,norman also came to ,a!ns = ! fir/ "t4 ,at s*ool ,i met ,nasos ,c\c\lis 7lat] ,,sv#a,,sm & ,,sv#a;,,ac7 :o 0 also v int]e/$ 9 wireless4 ,i made a cry/al receiv] & 0 able to he> ! ,greek ,royal ,navy /ation at ,votanikos ,,sxa & ! old /ation at ,?iseon 9 ,a!ns itself1 :i* 0 /ill a sp>k /ation4 ,!re j 0 no?+ else to he>4 ,i acquir$ a ,philips ',e' type valve & built a grid-leak detector circuit1 b all ,i got 0 sil5ce4 ,! f\r volt heat] drew "o amp & ,i _h be5 try+ to get x go+ ) a small tor* batt]y4 ,z ,i became m exp]i5c$ ,i began repair+ simple broadca/ receiv]s = my fri5ds & putt+ up wire ant5nas = reception = p :o _h b\ght broadca/ receiv]s4 ,9 #aibi ,nasos & ,i 7 9 our f9al ye> at ! ,meg>eos ,s*ool4 ,we built a v simple ,,am transmitt] tun$ to ab\t #ejj metres & we broadca/ ! p]=mance ( a play act$ by ! f9al ye> /ud5ts4 ,i h no idea if anybody he>d our transmission1 b x 0 c]ta9ly ! fir/ amateur broadca/ 9 ,greece4 ,nasos & ,i spoke to ea* o!r ) v simple ,,am transmitt]s across ! #fj metres or s sep>at+ our homes1 aga9 )\t kn[+ :e!r anybody else ev] accid5tally tun$ 9 to our v l[ p[] transmissions4 ,9 #aicb ,i 0 call$ up = my compulsory ,milit>y s]vice & end$ up att5d+ ! ,res]ve ,(fic]s ,cadet ,s*ool4 ,aft] my milit>y tra9+ ,i />t$ "w at ! ,lambrop\los ,bro!rs %op 9 ! ,metohikon ,tameion build+4 ,x 0 !re t ,i made ! acqua9tance ( ,takis ,c\mbias1 :o _h come to ,greece f ,russia ) 8 family4 ,takis _h _h eight ye>s exp]i5ce ( amateur radio 9 ,russia1 & he told u h[ ! radio clubs op]at$ "u ! /rict sup]vision ( ! ,communi/ ,p>ty4 ,?ree ye>s lat]1 9 #aice1 ,i mov$ to ,tavaniotis' work%op z 8 me*anic4 ',bill' _h built an ,,am & ,,cw transmitt] ) an output ( #aej watts4 ,he us$ ! callsign ,,sv#a,,ke4 ,we _h regul> contacts ) ,george ,mo5s ,,su#a,,ro 9 ,cairo1 ,egypt4 ,george is /ill active 9 8 native l& ( ,belgium ) ! callsign ,,on#e,,ro 9 ,brussels4 ,he %\ld be well into 8 #hjs by n[4 ,9 #aich ,george came to ,a!ns ) 8 wife ,beba & _! little boy ,rob]t to visit h] p>5ts :o 7 ,greek1 & ( c\rse !y came to our %ack & we _h ! pleasure ( meet+ !m 9 p]son aft] _m ye>s ( *att+ ov] ! air4 ,9 ,greece we are #g h\rs ahead ( ,ea/]n ,/&>d ,"t & s our contacts ) ! ,u4,s4,a4 took place well aft] midnight1 our "t4 ,"o ( ! /ations we contact$ v regul>ly 0 ,*>les ,mell5 ,w#a;,,fh 9 ,bo/on4 ,*as 0 born 9 ,bo/on ( ,greek p>5ts4 ,8 fa!r came to ,greece 9 #aicf or #aicg ) ,*>les' y\ng] si/]1 a pretty little girl ( ab\t #ad4 ,!y came to ,bill's %ack & 7 able to speak to ,bo/on ) ! equipm5t %[n 9 ?is photograph tak5 by ,norman4 ,aft] ! end ( ,_w ,w> ,,ii ,w#a;,,fh toge!r ) ,w#f;,,am ( ,cali=nia 7 ! two lead+ /ations 9 ! ,u4,s4,a4 topp+ all ! a*ievem5t tables4 ,b ,w#f;,,am _h a slight advantage2 he _h b\ght a site previ\sly belong+ to ,press ,wireless :i* _h #cf rhombics :]eas ,w#a;,,fh always op]at$ ) 8 simple ,yagi at #fj feet4 ,ano!r /ation ) :i* we _h frequ5t contacts on #bj metres 0 ,w#b;,,ixy own$ by ,doro?y ,hall4 ,"o night ,doro?y gave u a big surprise4 ,9 ! c\rse ( a ,,qso %e told u to li/5 c>efully4 ,sudd5ly ! ?ree or f\r ( u 9 ,,sv#a,,ke's %ack he>d our voices com+ back f ,new ,york4 ,doro?y _h record$ our previ\s transmission on a disc4 ,a few days lat] we turn$ ! tables on h]4 ,we _h ha/ily put toge!r "s record+ equipm5t & play$ back h] transmission4 ,doro?y said t 0 ! fir/ "t %e _h he>d h] voice com+ f #e1jjj miles away4 ,i mu/ expla9 t at t "t 7ab\t #aicc7 home record+ 0 a novelty ev5 9 ! ,u4,s4,a4 ,record+ on v9yl tape 0 inv5t$ by ,telefunk5 t[>ds ! end ( ! w> 9 #aide4 ,today ev5 little *ildr5 play ) cassette record]s1 & ! late/ revolution>y home record+ sy/em inv5t$ by ,japan ,,dat 7,digital ,audio ,tape7 provides high fidelity /udio quality ) no backgr\nd noise2 really a 'sup]' v]sion ( ! m9i cassette record]4 ,9 ,a!ns we cont9u$ to op]ate ev5 ?r\gh ! ,dictator%ip ( ,g5]al ,metaxas :i* began ) a c\p 9 ,augu/ #aicf1 b n )\t "s problems4 ,! ma9 t>get ( ! infam\s ,maniadakis1 ,m9i/] ( ! ,int]ior "u ,metaxas1 7 ( c\rse ! ,communi/s1 b ! h&ful ( radio amateurs also came "u suspicion ( be+ subv]sive elem5ts4 ,?+s got worse1 9 fact1 :5 ! newspap] ,,e/ia own$ by ,k4 ,kyr\1 publi%$ an article blam+ 'amateurs' = be+ responsible = int]f]5ce to %ort wave reception4 ,i mu/ expla9 t ! writ] 0 ref]r+ to ! doz5s ( pirate l[ p[] broadca/+ /ations op]at+ 9 ! m$ium wave 7broadca/7 b&4 ,regretably1 ,i h to place on record t ow+ to ! late developm5t ( broadca/+ & (ficial recognition ( amateur radio 9 ,greece1 ! ^w 'amateur' 9 ! m9ds ( ! g5]al public embraces ,c,bers1 pirates ( all k9ds op]at+ on m$ium waves & rec5tly 9 ! ,,fm b&1 & g5u9e lic5s$ amateurs z well4 ,s1 z ,i 0 work+ 9 ! basem5t work%op at ,,sv#a,,ke's "o aft]noon1 ?ree ( ,maniadakis' pla9-clo!s m5 turn$ up & said !y _h come to seize '! broadca/+ equipm5t'4 ,=tunately ,bill 0 n 9 ! %op :5 !y came4 ,i ask$ !m if !y _h a se>* w>rant & !y said no4 ,i repli$ t ,i 0 only an employee & c\ld !y call back a little lat] :5 ,mr ,tavaniotis himself w\ld be !re to answ] _! que/ions1 & ?us manag$ to get rid ( !m4 ,:5 ,bill return$ ,i told him ab\t ! incid5t & he left /raight away & w5t to ! ,m9i/ry ( ,po/s ,telegraphs to see ,mr4 ,/efanos ,elef!ri\4 ,& s x came ab\t t ,elef!ri\ :o knew all ab\t our activity 9 ! amateur b&s issu$ ! fir/ ?ree lic5ces to ,,sv#a,,ke1 ,,sv#a;,,ca & ,,sv#a,,nk 'to c>ry out exp]im5tal transmissions relat+ to ! /udy ( propagation on ! %ort waves'4 ,he knew t he _h e "r to d ?is z ,greece 0 a signatory to ! int]national telecommunication treaties4 ,i w\ld l to record at ?is po9t t ,aghis ,cazazis ,,sv#a;,,ca n[ a sil5t key1 has left 8 own 'monum5t' 9 ,a!ns4 ,aft] ! end ( ,_w ,w> ,,ii1 9 8 capacity z ,head ( ,light+ ,developm5t ) ! ,electricity au?ority1 he design$ ! magnific5t floodlight+ ( ! ,acropolis :i* is admir$ by t\ri/s to ! pres5t day4 ,to return to #aicg3 ,mr ,elef!ri\ entru/$ u ) ! task ( prep>+ draft legislation = legalis+ amateur radio activity4 ,we wrote to ! ,u4,s4,a41 to ,engl&1 ,france & ,g]many & obta9$ copies ( ! laws gov]n+ ! issue ( lic5ces 9 all ^! c\ntries1 & we began ! long task ( draft+ a text :i* w\ld be appropriate to ! political situation !n prevail+ 9 our c\ntry 7milit>y dictator%ip74 ,norman ,joly1 !n ,,sv#a,,rx1 _h writt5 a text 9 ,engli%1 b be=e we c\ld translate x into ,greek or d any?+ ab\t x1 all our hopes 7 da%$ to ! gr\nd by ! outbreak ( w> 9 ,septemb] #aici4 ,9 #aidd :ile s]v+ z a res]ve (fic] 9 ! ,greek army1 ,i 0 second$ to ! ,briti% ,milit>y ,mission to ,greece 7,b4,m4,m47 because ( my k ( ,engli% & ,fr5*4 ,!re ,i met sev]al amateurs s]v+ ) ! ,briti% =ces1 & "o ( !m gave me a small milit>y transmitt]1 s ,i 0 able to come on ! air aga9 ) my old callsign ( ,,sv#a;,,az4 #c4 ,con/ant9e ',bill' ,tavaniotis 7=m]ly ,,sv#a,,ke74 ,!re is no d\bt t ! mo/ active & be/ kn[n amateur 9 ,greece be=e ,_w ,w> ,,ii 0 ',bill' ,,sv#a,,ke4 ,he 0 active on #bj & #aj metres on ,,am phone & ,,cw1 us+ 8 fam\s ,mc,elroy 'bug' to good advantage4 7,no electronic key]s & no #ae metre b& 9 ^? ye>s74 ,tavaniotis 0 born 9 ,ro/ov1 ,,ussr1 ( ,greek p>5ts4 ,8 fa!r 0 a well-kn[n doctor4 ,l _m o!r ,greek families ,bill & 8 p>5ts left ,russia 9 ! e>ly ye>s ( ! ,communi/ regime & mov$ to ,i/anbul1 ,turkey1 :]e he began 8 /udies at ! fam\s ,rob]t ,college4 ,lat] he w5t to ,london :]e he fir/ came into contact ) radio amateurs1 :ile /udy+ ,electrical ,eng9e]+4 ,aft] t he w5t to ,belgium4 ,bill _h a knack ( pick+ up languages & :5 ,i met him 9 ,a!ns 9 ! e>ly ?irties he spoke at lea/ sev5 to my k3 ,russian1 ,greek1 ,engli%1 ,fr5*1 ,italian1 ,turki% & ,g]man4 ,8 pronunciation 9 all !m 0 excell5t4 ,on "o occasion at a p>ty 9 ! ,a!ns suburb ( ,palaio ,psyhico "o ( ! gue/s 0 an amateur f ,italy :o spoke no ,engli%1 s ,bill int]pret$ f t language into ,italian = 8 b5efit4 ,he !n translat$ :at ! ,italian _h said into ,engli% = ! o!rs4 ,b sudd5ly _! faces w5t blank4 ,q unconsci\sly ,bill _h translat$ ! ,italian's rem>ks into ,turki%6 ,_m ye>s lat] ,bill 0 employ$ at ! ,unit$ ,nations 9 ,new ,york z a simultane\s translator4 ,9 ,octob] #aidf ,bill & 8 wife ,artemis visit$ ,*>les ,mell5 ,w#a;,,fh 9 ,bo/on = an 'eyeball' aft] m ?an t5 ye>s ( ,q,s,os ov] ! air1 ) ! exception ( ! w> ye>s ( c\rse4 ,*as photograph$ ,bill outside ! ,massa*usetts ,in/itute ( ,te*nology & ,bill photograph$ ,m>y 7,*as' xyl71 ,*as & ,artemis /&+ 9 front ( ! ,w#a;,,fh t[]4 ,! fir/ transmitt] he built c be se5 9 ! photo tak5 f ! book ,,greek ,,broadca/+ publi%$ by ,radio ,k>ayianni 9 #aieb4 ,8 %ack 0 9 ! basem5t work%op at #ag;a1 ,bu*>e/ ,/reet 9 ,a!ns1 an address :i* became kn[n _w-wide z ! fir/ ,,qsl bureau = ,greece4 ,! gang ( en?usia/s :o met at ,bill's includ$ ,nasos ,c\c\lis ,,sv#a,,sm1 ,aghis ,cazazis ,,sv#a;,,ca1 ,nick ,katselis ,,sv#a,,nk1 ,mikes ,paid\si ,,sv#a,,mp1 ,pol ,psomiadis ,,sv#a;,,az 7n[ ,n#b;,,doe7 & ! writ] ( ^! memoirs1 ,,sv#a,,rx4 ,( c\rse all visit+ amateurs made a beel9e = ! %ack 9 ! basem5t4 ,z mo/ ( our contacts 7 ) ! ,u4,s4,a4 we 7 usually up mo/ ( ! night because ( ! #g-;h\r diff]5ce ) ,ea/]n ,/&>d ,"t4 ,none ( u _h motor-c>s & public transport 0 n available dur+ ! night h\rs s we all got pl5ty ( ex]cise walk+ back to our respective h\ses4 ,bill 0 closely 9 t\* ) two m5 :o play$ a v important role 9 ! developm5t ( amateur radio 9 ,greece4 ,i am ref]r+ to ,/efanos ,elef!ri\ :o 0 ,section ,head = ,telecommunications at ! ,m9i/ry 7,greek initials ,t4,t4,t4741 & to ,capta9 ,kyriakos ,pezop\los1 ,director ( ,d4,r4,y4,n4 7,greek initials = ,directorate ( ! ,wireless ,s]vice ( ! ,navy74 ,! long wave sp>k transmitt] at ,votanikos1 a suburb ( ,a!ns1 7callsign ,,sxa7 _h be5 built by ! ,m>coni company be=e ,_w 7,bill ,tavaniotis di$ ( canc] 9 #aidh47 #d4 ,h>ry ,b>nett ,g#b;,,aiq 7=m]ly ,,sv#a,,we74 ,9 ,july #aidf1 ,h>ry ,b>nett1 a ,royal ,air ,=ce (fic] atta*$ to ! ,press ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,briti% ,embassy 9 ,a!ns obta9$ an exp]im5tal transmitt+ lic5ce f ! ,w_/,t section ( ! ,m9i/ry ( ,po/s ,telegraphs1 ) ! callsign ,,sv#a,,we4 ,at t "t he 0 liv+ 9 a flat 9 ,a!ns & c\ld n put up an ant5na1 s x 0 n until ,june #aidg t he became active4 ,! t]ms ( 8 lic5ce 7 9 !mselves r /range1 "o might ev5 say q 'exp]im5tal'1 ! f9al p>agraph read+3 ,?is exp]im5tal rese>* mu/ be c>ri$ out z foll[s3- #a4 ,) a maximum p[] ( #ej watts4 #b4 ,9 ! frequ5cy b&s 7h>monics7 #acj1 #bfj1 #ebj ,mc_/s4 #c4 ,9 ! frequ5cy b&s #bh ,mc_/s & #ef ,mc_/s4 #d4 ,) ! call sign ,,sv#a,,we4 ,f ,june #aidg until ,april #aidh ,h>ry work$ #fa c\ntries1 mo/ly on phone 9 ! #aj #bj metre b&s1 at a "t :5 !re 7 n _m /ations on ! air--a m9ute fraction ( ! millions n[ active4 ,he us$ a ,national ,,hro receiv] he _h got (f a scrap heap :i* he modifi$ to take ! effici5t ,,ef#ej valves 9 ! ,r4,f4 /ages & ,,ef#cis 9 ! ,i4,f4 ,! transmitt] 0 completely 'home brew'1 consi/+ ( a metal #f,l#f ,frankl9 oscillator on #c4e ,m,hz foll[$ by two m #f,l#fs d\bl+ to #ad ,m,hz4 ,9 ! f9al amplifi] /age ,h>ry us$ a ,telefunk5 p5tode1 ! fam\s & v effici5t ,,rl#ab,p#ce :i* 0 us$ 9 ! ,g]man tank transmitt]s 9 all /ages1 oscillator1 ,p4,a4 & audio amplifi]_/suppressor grid modulator4 ,he adopt$ ! same me?od ( modulation us+ a record play] amplifi] & an ,a/atic cry/al microphone4 ,w4,a4,c4 0 a*iev$ by ,febru>y #aidh ) ab\t #ej watts ( ,r4,f4 into a simple dipole ant5na4 ,dur+ ! t5 mon?s t ,,sv#a,,we 0 active #gej ,,qsl c>ds 7 s5t out4 ,( ! #fa c\ntries work$ only #di 7 confirm$4 ,today 7#aihi7 ,h>ry is /ill regul>ly on ! air "u 8 orig9al callsign ,g#b;,,aiq :i* 0 fir/ issu$ to him on ! #a/ ( ,janu>y #aich1 #ea ye>s ago4 #e4 ,george ,yiapapas 7=m]ly ,,sv#a;,,gy74 ,george ,yiapapas is a ,greek amateur :o 0 v active = ov] #be ye>s yet nobody seems to h he>d ( him4 ,9 #aice ,george & 8 fa!r ,co/as built a "o-valve transmitt] us+ a type #ei p5tode ) suppressor grid modulation1 & succe$$ 9 contact+ mo/ ( ! _w ) ?is ,,qrp rig4 ,! electron c\pl$ oscillator c\ld n h put m ?an #d or #e watts into ! ant5na4 ,aft] ! w> ,george w5t to ,jordan 9 #aief to "w = ,cable ,wireless ! ,engli% company :i* op]at$ ! old ,ea/]n ,telegraph cable network4 ,he us$ ! callsign ,,jy#a;,,gy = ab\t a ye> & 0 !n transf]r$ to ,tripoli 9 ! ,k+dom ( ,lybia1 dur+ ! reign ( ,k+ ,idris1 :]e he obta9$ an (ficial lic5ce ) ! call #e;,a#c,,ta4 ,9 #aifj he 0 aga9 transf]r$1 ?is "t to ,kuwait1 :]e he op]at$ ! equipm5t ( ,mohamet ,behbehani #i,k#b;,,am = ov] six ye>s4 ,george n[ has a small %op 9 ,piraeus1 ! port ( ,a!ns & is no long] active on ! amateur b&s4 #f4 ,/efanos ,elef!ri\ 7#ahie-aigi74 ,/efanos ,elef!ri\1 ,head ( ! ,telecommmunications section ( ! ,m9i/ry ( ,po/s ,telegraphs 7,greek initials ,t4,t4,t47 play$ a vital role 9 ! e>ly developm5t ( amateur radio 9 ,greece4 ,:5 he return$ f ,switz]l&1 :]e he _h /udi$ ,electrical ,eng9e]+1 he _h to d 8 compulsory milit>y s]vice :i* _h be5 def]r$ :ile he 0 complet+ 8 education4 ,a fri5d ( 8 told him ,don't g into ! ,army1 jo9 ! ,navy2 !y h an amaz+ wireless /ation at ,votanikos ) :i* !y c contact ! ,fleet any:]e 9 ! _w4 ,z x happ5$ !re 0 a vacancy = an (fic] & ,/efanos toge!r ) ano!r "y man call$ ,nikolis fac$ a ,selection ,bo>d ( naval (fic]s :o really didn't "k :at qualifications !y 7 look+ =4 ,he 0 successful :]eas ,nikolis w5t to ! ,m9i/ry ( ,po/s ,telegraphs :]e he end$ up z ,director-,g5]al _m ye>s lat]4 ,! ,,m>coni ,,company ( ,engl& _h built an impressive wireless /ation = ! ,greek ,royal ,navy at ,votanikos1 a suburb ( ,a!ns4 ,!re 0 a transmitt] :i* op]at$ on #fjj metres & a l>g] "o on long waves above #b1jjj metres :i* us$ ! callsign ,,sxa4 ,/efanos told me h[ he 0 summon$ by ! ,director ( ! ,naval ,/ation ,admiral ,mezeviris :o ask$ him ,tell me1 "y man1 :at d y "k ab\t wireless8 ,well sir1 repli$ ,elef!ri\1 ,i /udi$ ,electrical ,eng9e]+ 9 ,switz]l&--,i really don't any?+ ab\t wireless4 ,nei!r d ,i1 repli$ ! ,admiral c&idly4 ,nor d mo/ ( my (fic]s4 ,we mu/ set up a s*ool to tra9 te*nicians & wireless op]ators4 ,i entru/ y ) ! task ( gett+ all ! necess>y books & o!r mat]ials4 ,write to ,engl&1 ! ,u4,s4,a41 ,france & ,g]many & get :atev] y ne$4 ,:5 y are ready ,i w appo9t /aff to assi/ y4 ,t 0 h[ ,elef!ri\ became ! head ( ! fir/ s*ool = tra9+ wireless (fic]s = ! ,greek ,royal ,navy4 ,a c\ple ( ye>s lat] ,elef!ri\ jo9$ ! /aff ( ! ,m9i/ry ( ,po/ ,telegraphs4 ,a newspap] ( #aicj _h a photograph ( him ) "o ( 8 triplet sons4 ,9 8 capacity ( ,head ( ! ,telecommunications ,section at ! ,m9i/ry he work$ h>d to get (ficial recognition ( amateur radio4 ,a h&ful ( u :o 7 active '"u cov]' s to speak1 frequ5tly visit$ him 9 8 (fice4 ,he 0 a v likeable p]son & _h a tal5t = anecdotes4 ,"o day he told u t he _h att5d$ a ,jo9t ,s]vices ,committee :i* _h be5 set up to /udy ! requirem5ts = build+ a broadca/+ /ation 9 ,a!ns4 ,a /ation _h be5 9 regul> op]ation 9 ! nor!rn city ( ,!ssaloniki 7,salonica7 s9ce #aibh1 built by ! pione] ( ,broadca/+ 9 ! ,balkans ,*ri/os ,ts+]idis4 ,:5 ! "q ( wavel5g? = ! propos$ /ation 0 consid]$ somebody said a wavel5g? ( #b1jjj metres might be appropriate4 ,"o ( ! milit>y (fic]s1 :o %all be nameless1 rem>k$ angrily ,:at6 #b1jjj metres4 ,we are sp5d+ all ?is money only to be receiv$ up to ,k\k\va\nes8 ,?is is outrage\s6 7,k\k\va\nes 0 !n a small village ) a funny "n ab\t #c miles s\?-we/ ( ,a!ns4 ,elef!ri\ liv$ to ! ripe old age ( #hd4 ,:5 ,i la/ saw him he promis$ to give me 8 collection ( old photographs & a l>ge numb] ( books & docum5ts relat+ to ! developm5t ( radio communications 9 ,greece4 ,un=tunately1 %ortly aft] 8 dea? 8 wife & ?ree sons mov$ h\se tempor>ily & a pack+ case conta9+ all ^! priceless pap]s 0 lo/ 9 #g4 ,norman ,f4 ,joly ,g#c;,,fnj4 7,=m]ly ,,sv#a,,rx74 ,i 0 born 9 ,izmir 7!n kn[n z ,smyrna71 on ! we/ coa/ ( ,turkey 9 ,asia ,m9or1 9 #aiaa1 ( ,briti% p>5ts4 ,my ,briti% nationality 0 e/abli%$ ?r\gh ! ,treaty ( ,capitulation :i* 0 !n 9 =ce betwe5 ,turkey & ! ,unit$ ,k+dom ( ,great ,brita9 & ,nor!rn ,irel&4 ,i rememb] !re 0 a ,briti% ,po/ ,(fice 9 ,smyrna & we po/$ our lett]s ) ,briti% po/age /amps 7( ,k+ ,edw>d ,,vii7 ov]pr9t$ ) ! ^w ,,levant4 ,my gr&mo!r on my fa!r's side _h come f ,russia4 ,x is a /range co9cid5ce t ,takis ,c\mbias 7ex ,,sv#a;,,aaa71 ,bill ,tavaniotis 7ex ,,sv#a,,ke7 & ,i all _h roots 9 s\!rn ,russia4 ,my gr&mo!r on my "m's side 0 ! daught] ( ! ,dut* consul 9 ,smyrna4 ,q a mix$ bag4 ,9 #aibb1 at ! end ( ! w> betwe5 ,turkey & ,greece1 ! t[n ( ,smyrna 0 de/roy$ by fire :5 ! ,greek army 0 r\t$4 ,my wid[$ "m ) f\r "y *ildr51 0 advis$ to take u on bo>d a ,briti% m]*ant vessel :ile ! t[n *ang$ h&s4 ,we 7 told to take a little food ) u j = a day or two4 ,we c>ri$ a l>ge /r+ bag ) "s bread1 *eese & fruit1 & "o knife1 "o =k & "o spoon betwe5 ! five ( u4 ,i rememb] x 0 night & my "m put all h] jewelry 9 a small lea!r bag4 ,z ,i pull$ ! cord to close x ! p9 ( a l>ge broa* /uck out ?r\gh ! top4 ,my "m grabb$ x & said ,i w\ld hurt myself--,i 0 only #aa ye>s old at ! "t4 ,%e look$ ar\nd ! b$room1 lift$ up a corn] ( ! mattress ( h] b$ & hid ! p\* 'safely' und]nea? x4 ,we hurri$ out ( ! h\se--& nev] w5t back4 ,we & _m o!r families sp5t "o night on ! m]*ant vessel :]e !re 0 no sleep+ accommodation4 ,next morn+ we 7 transf]r$ to a l>ge hospital %ip call$ ,,ma9e4 ,all day we wat*$ small gr\ps ( ! ,turki% & ,greek armies skirmi%+ on ! sea-front & 9 ! ev5+ _m fires broke out 9 ! t[n4 ,9 ! middle ( ! night :ile we 7 sleep+ ! hospital %ip sail$ away to an unkn[n de/9ation4 ,aft] two or ?ree days we arriv$ 9 ,malta1 :]e mo/ ( u /ay$ = ! next f\r ye>s4 ,x 0 9 ,malta t my int]e/ 9 wireless telegraphy 0 fir/ ar\s$4 ,we 7 h\s$ 9 "s milit>y 'm>ri$ qu>t]s'4 ,close by !re 0 a wireless /ation :i* produc$ bright gre5i%-blue sp>ks & crackl+ noises4 ,its ant5nas 7 support$ on ?ree v tall wood5 ma/s pa9t$ bright yell[4 ,i soon discov]$ t x 0 ,,gyz belong+ to ! ,admiralty4 ,malta 0 !n 7#aibb7 a v big base ( ! ,briti% ,navy1 9 ! good old days :5 ,engl& _h an ,empire4 ,i b\ght a kit ( p>ts & assembl$ a small receiv] & be+ s close to ! p[]ful sp>k transmitt] t 0 all ,i ev] he>d4 ,9 #aibf :5 ,i left s*ool my family mov$ to ,greece & my bro!r :o 0 #g ye>s old] ?an me1 op5$ up a %ipp+ (fice on ! isl& ( ,mityl5e1 9 ! ,aegean sea4 ,my fa!r & gr&fa!r _h be5 9 ?is bus9ess 9 ,turkey4 ,x 0 9 ,mityl5e 9 #aibg t ,i con/ruct$ my fir/ %ort wave receiv]4 ,x _h #c valves ) #d volt filam5ts1 heat$ by an accumulator 7/orage batt]y74 ,h4,t ( #acj volts 0 obta9$ f a bank ( small accumulators 9 s]ies4 ,z ,i _h n le>n$ h[ to make a *>g] ,i _h to c>ry ^! two units to a local g>age regul>ly = re-*>g+4 ,ap>t f comm]cial telegraph /ations !re 0 little else to he>4 ,i _h /ill n he>d ab\t 'amateur' radio4 ,! ,b4,b4,c4 0 c>ry+ out te/ transmissions f ,*elms=d = :at became ! ,empire ,s]vice 7n[ ! ,_w ,s]vice7 us+ ! callsign ,g#e,,sw4 ,!re 0 also ,g#f,,rx :i* /ood = ,rugby ,exp]im5tal1 op]at$ by ! ,briti% ,po/ ,(fice4 ,!y 7 exp]im5t+ ) %ip-to-%ore telephony1 & aft] sett+ up a circuit ! op]ator us$ to say ov] to condition ,a 7& sometimes ,b7 :i* 0 v fru/rat+ = me because ! voices !n became scrambl$ & q un9telligible4 ,:5 ,i fir/ began transmitt+ six ye>s lat]1 hav+ 'discov]$' ! amateurs1 ,i *ose ! callsign ,,rx z ,i _h be5 a li/5] s long1 & also rememb]+ ! excitem5t ( li/5+ to ,g#f,,rx4 ,9 #aicj ,i mov$ to ,a!ns & became a salesman = ,,rca radios4 ,x 0 !re t ,i met ,bill ,tavaniotis1 ,,sv#a,,ke1 & 8 me*anic ,pol ,,sv#a;,,az 7n[ ,n#b;,,doe74 ,none ( u _h (ficial lic5ces because ! ,greek ,/ate did n recognise ! exi/5ce ( amateur radio1 & 9 fact ,a!ns did n ev5 h a broadca/+ /ation until #aich1 al?\gh a /ation _h be5 op]at+ s9ce #aibh 9 ,salonica 7,!ssaloniki7 ! second l>ge/ city ( ,greece4 ,b ! ,head ( ! ,w_/,t section at ! ,m9i/ry ( ,po/s ,telegraphs 7,greek initials ,t4,t4,t7 ,mr ,/efanos ,elef!ri\ knew all ab\t u & gave u 8 un(ficial bless+4 ,my fir/ transmitt] 0 j an electron c\pl$ oscillator us+ a type #ei output p5tode f a radio4 ,) an input ( ar\nd #e watts ,i 0 able to a*ieve ,w4,a4,c4 on #ad ,m,hz 9 #be m9utes "o v excit+ aft]noon4 ,!re 7 v few /ations ar\nd & s+le frequ5cy work+ _h n be5 he>d ( yet4 ,x 0 ! middle ( ! sunspot cycle 7:i* ,i knew no?+ (7 & propagation mu/ h be5 exceptionally good4 ,ano!r ?+ we _h nev] he>d ( 9 ^? innoc5t days 0 ,,swr4 ,i _h a ,hot ,wire ammet] & always tun$ = maximum deflection1 completely oblivi\s ( ! fact t a l>ge proportion ( ! indicat$ value 0 'reflect$ p[]'4 ,i mov$ to 'high p[]' :5 ,i add$ a #baj ,p4,a4 to my rig4 ,obvi\sly ! prefix ,,sv 0 q a r>e "o & ,,sv /ations 7 mu* s\ght aft]1 p>ticul>ly ! h&ful :o us$ ,,cw4 ,b z ,i describ$ 9 a %ort article 9 ! ,octob] #aidh issue ( ! ,,%ort ,,wave ,,magaz9e publi%$ 9 ,london1 x 0 n all fun be+ a r>e ,,dx /ation4 ,a photo copy appe>s bel[3 ,to return to pre-,_w ,w> ,,ii op]at+3 ,mo/ op]ators us$ cry/al oscillators 9 ord] to h a clean '#ix' note4 ,x 0 q normal proc$ure to call ,,cq on "o's cry/al frequ5cy1 say #ad1jgf ,k,hz & !n g ov] & />t comb+ ! b& f #ad1jjj = replies4 ,at t "t #bj metres cov]$ #ad1jjj to #ad1djj ,k,hz41 & ! #ae metre b& _h n be5 allocat$ to ! amateur s]vice4 ,9 ,septemb] #aici ,hitl] invad$ ,pol& & all ( u ha/ily & volunt>ily dismantl$ our transmitt]s & scatt]$ ! compon5ts1 z !re 0 nobody to ord] u to close d[n4 ,9 ! latt] "p ( ,april #aida ! ,g]man army m>*$ into ! nor!rn suburbs ( ,a!ns at #aa o'clock 9 ! morn+4 ,at #c o'clock 9 ! aft]noon ( ! same day1 a /rong unit ( ! ,ge/apo arriv$ 9 ! s\!rn suburb ( ,kalli!a & surr\nd$ ! block 9 :i* my h\se 0 situat$ & broke into x1 look+ = me & my transmitt]4 ,( c\rse ,i _h dismantl$ ev]y?+ #ai mon?s previ\sly & ev5 tak5 d[n ! ant5na4 ,s aft] ?is long p]iod ( ,,qrt h[ did !y "k :]e to f9d me8 ,well1 ,,f\r ,,ye>s ,,e>li] ,i _h won ! fir/ prize = ,greece 9 ! ,d4,a4,s4,d4 ,,dx ,conte/ = #aicg & ! ,g]man society _h s5t me a nice c]tificate4 ,y c draw y\r own conclusions4 ,i he>d lat] 7because ,i _h left a few days e>li] = ,egypt ) ! /aff ( ! ,briti% ,embassy7 t ! ,ge/apo _h visit$ all ! active amateurs & _h manag$ to arre/ only "o ( !m1 ,nasos ,c\c\lis ,,sv#a,,sm 7lat] ,,sv#a;,,ac7 & put him 9 a conc5tration camp 9 ,italy = ne>ly a ye>4 ,i w\ld l to sket* briefly ! turbul5t ev5ts ( ! foll[+ ?ree ye>s ) "s extracts f my di>ies4 ,"o ye> e>li]1 9 #aidj1 foll[+ ! invasion ( ,greece by ! ,italian army op]at+ f ,albania1 ! broadca/+ au?ority 9 ,a!ns 7,,e?nikon ,,idrima ,,radi(onias7 began a news s]vice 9 ,engli% :i* 0 beam$ to ,engl& & ! ,u4,s4,a4 on ! %ort waves4 ,9 my capacity z a memb] ( ! ,press ,dep>tm5t /aff ( ! ,briti% ,embassy ,i took "p 9 ! fir/ programme1 & 9 fact read ! fir/ news bullet91 :i* w5t out at #c a4m4 ,a!ns "t4 ,z ,i said above1 e>ly 9 ,april ,i 0 transf]r$ to ! ,briti% ,embassy 9 ,cairo1 ,egypt4 #aida3 ,v small cont+5ts ( ! ,briti% army l&$ 9 ,greece to help ! ,greek army4 ,b !y prov$ totally incapable ( /&+ up to ! onslaught ( ! ,g]man army :i* foll[$ soon aft]4 ,! ,greek army laid d[n its arms 9 ,epirus 7nor?-we/]n ,greece74 ,g5]al ,tsolakogl\ became ! fir/ ',quisl+' ,prime ,m9i/] ( ,greece4 ,k+ ,george & 8 gov]nm5t1 "u ,premi] ,emman\il ,ts\d]os _h left = ,cairo4 #aidb3 ,9 ,nor? ,africa ,g5]al ,rommel _h advanc$ to )9 #ajj miles ( ,cairo1 b 8 supply l9es _h become v long4 ,"o ( ! mo/ important 0 ! railway l9k ?r\gh ,greece1 s ! ,briti% /rategi/s decid$ t attempts mu/ be made to disrupt x4 ,! ,special ,op]ations ,executive 7,s4,o4,e47 9 ,london1 despat*$ two small gr\ps ( saboteurs 7ab\t a doz5 m5 altoge!r7 "u ! comm& ( ,brigadi] ,eddie ,my]s & ,major ,*ris ,woodh\se :o _h ! task ( l9k+ up ) ! v>i\s b&s ( ',&>tes' 7,resi/ance movem5t fight]s7 :i* _h />t$ =m+ 9 ! m\nta9s4 ,un=tunately1 ! ,briti% (fic]s 7 told no?+ at all ab\t ! bitt] rivalries betwe5 ! v>i\s gr\ps1 mo/ probably because ,h4,q4 9 ,cairo 7 !mselves ignorant ab\t ! real situation4 ,x didn't take ,mey]s & ,woodh\se long to discov] t by f> ! l>ge/ gr\p 0 ,e4,l4,a4,s4 7! ,popul> ,lib]ation ,army7 "u ,aris ,vel\hiotis1 ab\t #abj ill-equipp$ m5 op]at+ 9 ! ,p9dus m\nta9s4 ,ano!r small] gr\p ( ab\t #fj m5 _h ralli$ r\nd a regul> (fic] ( ! ,greek army1 ,colonel ,napoleon ,z]vas4 ,!y call$ !mselves ! ,national ,republican ,greek ,league 7,greek initials ,e4,d4,e4,s47 ,i met ,z]vas p]sonally ye>s lat] :5 he 0 ,m9i/] ( ! ,int]ior 7& !re=e responsible = ! ,police74 ,i 0 !n act+ z int]pret] = ! ,assi/ant-,head ( ! ,briti% ,police ,mission to ,greece4 ,i rememb] vividly ) :at reli% he describ$ to ,colonel ,pross] 8 me?od ( tortur+ ,e4,l4,a4,s4 prison]s1 :i* left no physical m>ks on any "p ( ! body4 ,x 0 9 ! c\rse ( a secret visit to ,a!ns t "y ,*ris ,woodh\se f\nd out ! real *a9 ( comm&1 :5 he 0 introduc$ to ,george ,siantos1 ! ,secret>y ( ! ,greek ,communi/ ,p>ty 7,greek initials ,k4,k4,e474 ,! ,k4,k4,e4 controll$ ,e4,a4,m41 ! ,national ,lib]ation ,front :i*1 9 turn1 ran ,e4,l4,a4,s4 ,b ) a title l t 7,national ,lib]ation ,front7 x 0 easy to see :y ,e4,a4,m4 enjoy$ su* widespread support1 n only 9 ! c\ntryside1 b also among ! intellig5tsia 9 ,a!ns4 ,b ! task ( ! ,s4,o4,e4 (fic]s 0 made v difficult = v>i\s reasons3 ,w9/on ,*ur*ill _h giv5 ord]s t !y 7 to support1 z f> z possible1 only ^? gu]rilla lead]s :o fav\r$ ! ,k+--b !re 7 none1 or v few4 ,! ,s4,o4,e4 units _h ord]s to cause ! maximum disruption to ! ,g]man occupation ( ! c\ntry4 ,& t 0 impossible )\t ! support ( ,e4,l4,a4,s41 :i* 0 controll$ by ! ,communi/s4 ,at ! outset1 x became obvi\s to ! ,s4,o4,e4 (fic]s t milit>y & political priorities 7 already 9 conflict4 ,e4,l4,a4,s4 =ces 7 gett+ /rong] e day & v soon !y began attack+ fell[ ,greeks 9 non-communi/ ,&>te units4 ,! successful attack on ! railway bridge ov] ! ,gorgopotamos riv] on ! #bf? ( ,novemb] 0 ! fir/ & la/ "t t ,,elas & ,,edes co-op]at$ aga9/ ! common enemy "u ! co]cion & te*nical guidance ( ! ,briti%4 #aidc3 ,friction betwe5 ,,edes & ,,elas cont9u$ to increase4 ,:5 ,eddie ,my]s told !m t he _h be5 in/ruct$ to de/roy ! bridge ov] ! ,asopos riv]1 ,,elas said x 0 too dang]\s a t>get & refus$ to help1 s ?is became an all-,briti% op]ation4 ,a #bd-ye>-old demolition exp]t ( ! ,royal ,eng9e]s ,capta9 ,k5 ,scott1 0 s5t f ,cairo4 ,he 0 dropp$ by p>a*ute1 & plann$ ! successful attack on ! bridge4 ,x took ! ,g]mans f\r mon?s to rebuild x4 ,on ! #aa? ( ,septemb] #ad1jjj ,italian troops 9 ! nor?-we/ surr5d]$ to ! ,&>tes ) all _! arms4 ,a mon? lat] ,,elas seiz$ ! weapons & attack$ ,,edes4 ,! civil w> _h begun4 #aidd3 ,! friction betwe5 ! v>i\s gr\ps ( ! ,resi/ance movem5t erupt$ into full-scale w>1 describ$ z ! 'civil w>' or ! 'gu]rilla w>' dep5d+ on ^: side y 7 on4 ,,elas 7 det]m9$ t !y alone w\ld be 9 control :5 ! ,allies arriv$4 ,z a result ( int5se negotiations on ! "p ( ! ,briti% (fic]s1 all ! ,&>te lead]s sign$ an ,armi/ice docum5t on ! #bi? ,febru>y #aidd agree+ to /op fight+ ea* o!r & to conc5trate all _! ef=ts aga9/ ! common enemy--! ,g]mans4 ,un=tunately1 b>ely a mon? lat] ,,elas attack$ & completely annihilat$ ! smalle/ &>te gr\p ,e4,k4,k4,a4 ,n[ only ,,edes & ! #bjj-/rong ,s4,o4,e4 =ce /ood betwe5 ! #dj1jjj ,,elas ,communi/s & total control ( ! ,greek c\ntryside4 ,9 ! ,middle ,ea/1 ! ,lebanon ,conf]5ce1 att5d$ by delegates f all p>ties1 includ+ repres5tatives ( ! ,&>tes1 elect$ ,george ,pap&re\ 7fa!r ( ,&reas ,pap&re\1 rec5tly ,prime ,m9i/] ( ,greece71 to act z ,prime ,m9i/] ( ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,national ,unity 9 exile4 ,9 ,septemb] ! gov]nm5t mov$ tempor>ily to ,italy4 ,9 ,octob]1 foll[+ ! )drawal ( ! ,g]mans f ,a!ns1 ,briti% troops began l&+ 9 ,greece f ,greek & ,briti% w>%ips4 ,by f> ! l>ge/ cont+5t l&$ ne> ! port ( ,piraeus & t5s ( ?\s&s ( ,greeks turn$ out to *e] & welcome ! ,briti% =ces z !y m>*$ ?r\gh ! /reets4 ,on ,octob] #ah ! memb]s ( ! ,greek gov]nm5t return$ to ,a!ns "u ! lead]%ip ( ! ,premi] ,george ,pap&re\1 :o 0 accompani$ by ,lt4 ,g5]al ,ronald ,scobie1 ! ,alli$ milit>y comm&]4 ,sadly ?\gh1 9 ,decemb] ,,elas m>*$ on ,a!ns4 ,! ,briti% troops1 s rec5tly fet$ & g>l&$ n[ f\nd !mselves fight+ on ! same /reets ( _! e>li] welcome4 ,s4,o4,e4 _h be5 w>n+ ,cairo = two ye>s t ?is might happ54 ,aft] ?ree or f\r weeks ( int5se fight+ 9 ! /reets ( ,a!ns & 9 ! suburbs1 ,,elas )drew4 ,w9/on ,*ur*ill came to ,a!ns on ,*ri/mas ,day to m$iate4 ,a c\ple ( ,,elas snip]s hid+ 9 a s*ool a few hundr$ y>ds away f ! ,briti% ,embassy took a few pot %ots at him z he got out ( an arm\r$ vehicle :i* _h br\ght him f ! airport4 ,next day1 :5 he att5d$ a meet+ ( all p>ties1 ! ,,elas repres5tative walk$ 9 we>+ a milit>y-/yle uni=m ) cross$ b&ole]s across 8 *e/1 & c>ry+ two pi/ols4 ,*ur*ill turn$ to 8 int]pret] & said quietly3 ,tell him to leave 8 toys outside1 or ,i fly back to ,london imm$iately1 to sp5d ,*ri/mas prop]ly ) my family4 #aide3 ,on ! #a/ ( ,janu>y ,ar*bi%op ,damask9os 0 appo9t$ ,reg5t4 7,x _h be5 agre$ t ! ,k+ %\ld n return to ,greece until 8 position _h be5 cl>ifi$ by a plebiscite74 ,pla/iras replac$ ,pap&re\ z ,prime ,m9i/]4 ,aft] ! ,v>kiza agreem5t ! gu]rilla w> 7or civil w>7 0 (ficially br\ght to an end4 ,ye>s lat] 9 a broadca/1 ,*ris ,woodh\se summ>is$ :at ! ,s4,o4,e4 mission to ,greece _h a*iev$4 #a4 ,x _h provid$ ! te*nical exp]tise1 su* z ! h&l+ ( explosives1 )\t :i* ! major sabotage successes w\ld h be5 impossible4 #b4 ,x _h provid$ ! tactical plann+ & suppli$ ! communications :i* successfully h>ness$ ! c\rage ( ! ,greeks to ! /rategic requirem5ts ( ! ,alli$ comm&]s4 #c4 ,mo/ important ( all1 9 ! long run1 x assur$ t no arm$ =ce 9 occupi$ ,greece w\ld ga9 a monopoly ( p[] on ! day ( lib]ation4 ,! f9al aim ( ! mission 0 to leave ! ,greeks ) a free *oice at ! end ( ! w>--a *oice betwe5 a ,mon>*y1 a ,republic or ev5 a ,communi/ regime if !y want$ x4 ,b ! rec5t dramatic ev5ts 9 ! clos+ mon?s ( #aihi 9 ,pol&1 ! ,u4,s4,s4,r41 ,hung>y1 ! ,ea/ ,g]man ,democratic ,republic1 ,cze*oslovakia & f9ally ,romania h prov$ t ! la/ *oice w\ld h be5 an unwise "o if ! ,greeks _h also opt$ = ,communism4 #aidf3 ,foll[+ a plebiscite ,k+ ,george ,,ii return$ to ,greece at ! end ( ,septemb] & appo9t$ ,panayis ,tsald>is z 8 ,prime ,m9i/]4 ,:5 ,i return$ to ,a!ns 9 ,octob] #aidd on ,h4,h4,m4,s4 ,,av]( ,i _h be5 appo9t$ ,radio ,monitor+ ,(fic] ( ! ,anglo-,greek ,in=mation ,s]vice 7,a4,g4,i4,s47 ) a /aff ( ab\t #be ,w_/,t op]ators & typi/s to assi/ me4 ,my unit 0 a section ( ! ,press ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,briti% ,embassy4 ,i ?9k ! *oice ( title 0 a r un=tunate mi/ake4 ,! ,engli% words 'in=mation' & 'intellig5ce' h only "o equival5t ^w 9 ,greek plir(oriesq4 ,& mo/ ,greeks hold peculi> views ab\t ! ,c4,i4,a4 & ! ,briti% ,intellig5ce ,s]vice4 ,s "h ,i 0 /rutt+ ab\t 9 ! uni=m ( a w> correspond5t be>+ ! fla%es ',i4,s4'1 ! butt ( _m a joke f my fri5ds :o accus$ me ( be+ a ma/] spy4 ,my boss1 ,colonel ,johnson1 :o _h be5 ! ,briti% ,c\ncil repres5tative 9 ,greece prior to ! outbreak ( w> 9 #aici1 came to my (fice "o morn+ & told me t he _h he>d a rum\r t ,k+ ,george ( ! ,hell5es1 :o 0 !n 9 ,london1 0 go+ to broadca/ 9 ! ,greek s]vice ( ! ,b4,b4,c4 ,i repli$ ,i _h he>d no?+1 b w\ld try & f9d out if ! rum\r 0 true4 ,z he left my (fice ,i glanc$ at my wat*2 x 0 #aa o'clock 9 ! morn+1 #i o'clock 9 ,london4 ,i telephon$ ! ,g5]al ,manag] ( ,cable ,wireless1 ,mr ,briggs1 :o 0 a p]sonal fri5d4 ,i told him ,i want$ to make use ( 8 facilities to ask an urg5t "q ( ! ,b4,b4,c4 9 ,london4 ,he repli$1 ,tell ,mc,taggert 7! eng9e] 9 *>ge ( ! ,c5tral ,telegraph ,(fice7 t ,i said he %\ld help y 9 any way possible4 ,mac1 ,i said ov] ! telephone1 w\ld y get "o ( y\r op]ators to r+ ! ,b4,b4,c4 9 ,bu% ,h\se 7f :]e ! ,_w ,s]vice orig9ates7 & ask !m if !y h any plans = a broadca/ by ,k+ ,george ( ! ,hell5es4 ,i imm$iately tun$ "o ( my receiv]s to ! frequ5cy ( ! ,london telegraph l9k1 :i* 0 c>ry+ high spe$ morse traffic4 ,9 a %ort :ile ! tape 0 /opp$ & an op]ator1 us+ a h& key1 ask$ my "q sl[ly 9 pla9 language1 & !n ! tape 0 put on aga94 ,i wait$ anxi\sly = ab\t five m9utes4 ,aga9 ! tape 0 /opp$1 a s+le lett] ',r' 7= receiv$7 0 s5t by h&1 & traffic return$ to normal4 ,my telephone rang2 x 0 ,mc,taggert4 ,no?+ do+1 old boy4 ,! ,b4,b4,c4 h no plans = su* a broadca/4 ,i ?ank$ him & look$ at my wat*4 ,x 0 #aa4be1 j #be m9utes _h elaps$4 ,i call$ my boss & told him ! answ] to 8 "q4 ,h[ d y "k8 he ask$4 ,i ask$ ! ,b4,b4,c41 sir4 ,y :at8 he %\t$ at me4 ,don't y "k !re's a w> on8 ,i'm com+ to see y4 ,he /orm$ into my (fice & dem&$ an explanation1 s ,i told him :at ,i _h done4 ,good ,god1 :at is ?is go+ to co/ u84 ,no?+ at all1 sir4 ,!re is no provision = any?+ l t 9 ! op]at+ proc$ure4 ,!n ,i mu/ write a lett] to ,cable ,wireless to ?ank !m4 ,i ?\ght to myself1 :y don't y write a lett] to ,norman & ?ank him = hav+ fri5ds 9 ! "r places4 ,b ,i kept my m\? %ut4 ,my equipm5t & my /aff ( #bj m5 & #e girls 7 h\s$ on ! #f? floor ( ! ,metohikon ,tamion build+4 ,:5 ,,elas m>*$ on ,a!ns1 !re 0 con/ant fir+1 %ell+ & bomb+ ?r\gh\t ! #bd h\rs ( ! day & night = ?ree or f\r weeks4 ,! bomb+ 0 by light aircraft ( ! ,r4,a4,f4 on ! ,,elas positions 9 ! suburbs & ,beaufight] aircraft /raff+ !m ) #bj mm cannon4 ,!n ,,elas set up a #ge mm gun 9 ! nor!rn suburb ( ,ah>non1 & />t$ hitt+ u back4 ,:5 we _h receiv$ sev]al hits on & ar\nd our ,h4,q4 build+1 ,i 0 ord]$ to move d[n to ! second floor1 to saf] accommodation4 ,i ext5d$ "s ( my ant5na d[n-leads1 & resum$ normal s]vice4 ,"o ( our assignm5ts 0 to transcribe1 e day1 :at 0 said 9 ! ,greek transmissions ( n9ete5 diff]5t c\ntries ab\t ! situation 9 ,greece1 & to produce a daily summ>y 9 ,engli%1 = ! b5efit ( ! ,press ,dep>tm5t4 ,9 ! summ] ( #aide we began hav+ int]f]5ce on ,,g91 a /ation ( ! ,briti% ,po/ ,(fice :i* op]at$ ar\nd #aj,m,hz1 transmitt+ a ,,reut] news s]vice = ,europe on ! ,g]man ,hells*reib] 7,hell pr9t]7 sy/em4 ,?is 0 a sort ( v c\rse ,,tv picture ( #di dots1 sev5 by sev54 ,! lett] ',i' = in/ance came out z sev5 dots v]tically1 & ! lett] ',t' j _h ano!r six dots across ! top4 ,! lett]s 7 v crude b readable1 provid$ !re 0 no int]f]5ce1 or cra%es ( /atic4 ,! int]f]5ce1 :i* made our tape q unreadable1 us$ to />t ar\nd #c 9 ! aft]noon & fade sl[ly away ab\t ?ree h\rs lat]1 :5 ! tape became readable aga94 ,i decid$ ,i w\ld try & id5tify ! s\rce4 ,all ,i _h 9 ! way ( record]s 7 (fice-type ,dictaphones us+ wax cyl9d]s4 ,i remov$ ! ?ree weights f ! spe$ gov]nor1 & ! cyl9d] spun r\nd l mad4 ,i manag$ to record = ab\t ?ree m9utes & :5 ,i play$ ! record+ on ano!r ma*9e at normal spe$ ! cyl9d] yield$ up its secret--x 0 high spe$ morse traffic 9 #e-;figure cyph]4 ,i typ$ x all out & notic$ t "s ( ! p>agraphs began ) ! lett] ',b'4 ,i subsequ5tly f\nd out x 0 a *>act]i/ic ( /ations c>ry+ ,royal ,air ,=ce traffic4 ,i s5t my text to ,london1 & ?ree weeks lat] ! int]f]5ce /opp$4 ,x 0 m ?an a mon? lat] t ,i 0 told :at _h happ5$4 ,! transmitt] caus+ ! problem 0 locat$ 9 ,k&y1 ,ceylon4 ,x op]at$ ) a rhombic ant5na beam$ to ,r4,a4,f4 ,calcutta4 ,its frequ5cy 0 only #ejj ,hz away f ,,g94 ,! dep>tm5t :i* _h allocat$ ! frequ5cy nev] imag9$ t x c\ld possibly cause int]f]5ce 9 ,europe to ! ,,reut] news s]vice4 ,b sunspot cycle #bj1 :i* 0 a good "o1 _h decid$ o!rwise4 ,9 #aidg ,i 0 transf]r$ to ! ,briti% ,police ,mission to ,greece1 :i* 0 head$ by ,sir ,*>les ,wickham4 ,my pr9cipal duty 0 to int]pret = ,sir ,*>les1 & = 8 second 9 comm& ,colonel ,pross]4 ,my fri5d ,mr ,elef!ri\ at ! ,m9i/ry issu$ me ) a special lic5ce & ,i came on ! air aga9 us+ my pre-w> callsign ,,sv#a,,rx4 ,:5 ! ,police ,mission clos$ d[n 9 #aidh ,i came to ,engl& & got ! callsign ,g#c;,,fnj :i* ,i h n[ held = ov] #da ye>s4 #h4 ,w>time ,broadca/s f ,cairo4 ,elias ,eliascos1 a =m] tea*] ( ,engli% at ,a!ns ,college 7a jo9t ,u4,s4_/,greek in/itution7 describ$ to me h[ he came to be a news-read] at ,radio ,cairo 9 #aida toge!r ) 8 bro!r ,patroclos4 ,:5 ,hitl] decl>$ w> on ,greece & aft] ! collapse ( ! front 9 nor!rn ,greece & 9 ,albania1 my bro!r ,patroclos & ,i 7 summon$ to ! ,briti% ,embassy 9 ,a!ns & told t ow+ to our close ties ) ! ,briti% ,c\ncil 7( ,cultural ,relations71 x w\ld n be prud5t = u to rema9 9 ,a!ns or ev5 ,greece aft] ! ,g]man army _h occupi$ ! capital4 ,we 7 told t we w\ld be help$ to leave ,greece toge!r ) ! ,briti% ,embassy /aff1 ! /aff ( ! ,briti% ,c\ncil & all ! ,briti% nationals 9 ,greece4 ,! ,briti% ,consul-,g5]al provid$ u ) ! necess>y docum5ts = my bro!r & me to bo>d ! la/ evacuation vessel sail+ f ! port ( ,piraeus4 ,x 0 ! s_/s ',cor9?ia' :i* left ,piraeus on ! #ah? ( ,april #aida4 ,x happ5$ to be ,good ,friday accord+ to ! ,greek-,or?odox cal5d>4 ,ab\t five days lat] ,hitl]'s army m>*$ into ,a!ns4 ,! %ip 0 pack$ & ! ,briti% ,embassy /aff c>ri$ mo/ ( ! ,embassy files ) !m4 ,"o ( ! pass5g]s 0 ,david ,balf\r :o 0 ! vic> ( ! little *apel atta*$ to ! ,evangelismos ,hospital1 an impressive tall figure ( a man sport+ a l>ge black be>d4 ,al?\gh he _h be5 orda9$ z a prie/ ( ! ,greek-,or?odox ,*ur* he 0 a ,briti% national & x 0 widely rum\r$ t he 0 an ag5t ( ,briti% ,intellig5ce4 ,8 (ficial title 0 ',fa!r ,dimitrios'4 ,he 0 also ! spiritual fa!r ( ! ,greek ,royal family4 ,i ref] to ,david ,balf\r because rec5tly ! ',,a!nian' :i* is ! only ,engli% language magaz9e 9 ,a!ns1 9 its issue dat$ ,janu>y #aihh1 publi%$ a feature article ab\t him1 say+ t ev5 be=e ! ,g]mans _h ent]$ ,a!ns he _h %av$ (f 8 be>d & dive/$ himself ( 8 cl]ical robes4 ,i c say q categorically t ?is 0 n true4 ,:5 ! ',cor9?ia' sail$ he 0 /ill ',fa!r ,dimitrios' & 9 fact he (ficiat$ at a ,resurrection s]vice :ile we 7 /ill at sea4 ,on ! voyage we c>ri$ out lifeboat drill on two occasions1 once :5 x 0 ?\ght t !re 0 a ,u-boat 9 ! vic9ity1 & ano!r "t :5 an aircraft flew ov]head :i* turn$ out to be fri5dly4 ,i %all nev] =get h[ ,i 0 mov$ ) emotion :5 ,i saw ! wom5 gett+ into ! boats1 mo/ ( !m c>ry+ babies or *ildr5 9 _! arms1 calmly s++ hymns 9 l[ voices4 ,"s "t lat] ,i met ,david ,balf\r aga9 9 ,cairo1 & ?is "t he ,,_h %av$ (f 8 be>d1 & he 0 we>+ ! uni=m ( a ,major 9 ! ,intellig5ce ,corps :i* is a regul> unit ( ! ,briti% army4 ,eliascos said he w\ld l to quote a little m f ! s5sational article writt5 by ,j4,m4 ,?ursby 9 ! ',,a!nian'4 ,sev]al ye>s be=e w> 0 ev5 decl>$1 ! ,abwehr 7,g]man milit>y intellig5ce71 along ) ! ,nazi civilian secret s]vice1 _h highly tra9$ und]cov] ag5ts op]at+ 9 ,greece4 ,) consummate skill !y _h catalogu$ all milit>y & civil in=mation t c\ld be useful to ! ,?ird ,rei*1 & organis$ spy r+s ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry4 ,z w> became m & m inevitable1 x also became increas+ly imp]ative t ,brita9 & o!r anti-fasci/ c\ntries %\ld ga9 specific & accurate k ( ^! op]ations4 ,dur+ ?is p]iod a monk1 :o _h embrac$ ! ,or?odox fai? 9 ,w>saw1 arriv$ f ,pol& via ,m\nt ,a?os1 to jo9 ! mona/]y ( ,p5deli1 j outside ,a!ns4 ,accord+ to 8 biograph] ,john ,freeman1 8 regi/ration at ,p5deli reads1 ,cell #ajb ,s]ial numb] #ge ,secul> "n ,david ,balf\r ,ecclesia/ic "n ,dimitri ,place ( bir? ,engl& ,age #ce ,inscrib$ ord] ( ,8 ,hol9ess ! ,ar*bi%op ( ,a!ns4 ,com+ f ! ,russian ,*ur*4 ,ar*bi%opric ord9ance numb] #caig ( #i ,may #aicf4 ,fa!r ,dimitri 0 obvi\sly a well-educat$ & v c\rte\s p]son4 ,he _h /udi$ 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ,europe & spoke sev]al languages flu5tly4 ,^! includ$ anci5t1 ,byzant9e & mod]n ,greek1 n to m5tion colloquial 'mangika' 7slang74 ,:5 a vacancy arose = a prie/ to s]ve ! *apel at ,evangelismos ,hospital 9 c5tral ,a!ns1 :o %\ld be m suitable = ?is po/ 9 ! he>t ( ! select neighb\rhood ( ,kolonaki ?an ! well-educat$1 well-br$1 *>m+ & consci5ti\s ,fa!r ,dimitri4 7,david ,balf\r di$ ag$ #hf on ! #aa? ( ,octob] #aihi47 ,anyway1 let me cont9ue my /ory ( ! ',cor9?ia trip1 ,eliascos w5t on4 ,we celebrat$ ,ea/] on bo>d & :5 we arriv$ at ,alex&ria "s ( u 7 s5t on to ,cairo & o!rs w5t to ,india4 ,my bro!r & ,i pres5t$ ourselves at ! (fices ( ! ,press ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,briti% ,embassy 9 ! ,g>d5 ,city4 ,we 7 receiv$ by ! well-kn[n ,byzant9e s*ol> ,/eph5 ,runciman :o 0 9 *>ge ( all =eign language broadca/s direct$ to ,europe1 t is1 ! ,balkans1 ,yugoslavia1 ,romania1 ,bulg>ia1 ,albania1 ,pol& & sev]al o!rs4 ,"o ( our colleagues 0 ,lawr5ce ,durrell :o lat] became ! fam\s au?or ( _m successful books l ! bann$ ',black ,book'1 ',bitt] ,lemons'1 ',! ,alex&ria ,qu>tet'1 ',prosp]o's ,cell' & o!rs4 ,b at t "t1 he us$ to ent]ta9 u daily ) a fre% episode ab\t 8 ,aunt ,aga?a ) ! wood5 leg4 ,eliascos cont9u$3 ,my bro!r ,patroclos & ,i 7 told t we w\ld be atta*$ to ! section produc+ ! broadca/s 9 ,greek direct$ t[>ds occupi$ ,greece1 act+ z translators1 editors & newsread]s4 ,! ,head ( ?is section 0 ,george ,haniotis ! sports editor ( ! ,a!ns newspap] ',elef!ro ,vima' :o us$ to sign 8 sport+ articles ',,geo'4 ,"u him 0 ! well-kn[n lit]>y figure ( ,dimitri ,fotiadis1 :o di$ 9 ,octob] #aihh4 ,:5 ! broadca/s began e>ly 9 ,may #aida ,i 0 ! pr9cipal newsread]4 ,lat] :5 ,haniotis 0 po/$ to ! ,greek ,embassy 9 ,wa%+ton ,d4,c4 z ,press ,atta*e1 my bro!r 0 appo9t$ ,section ,head4 ,at t "t ! ,prime ,m9i/] ( ! ,greek gov]nm5t 9 exile 0 ,emman\il ,ts\d]os1 a =m] ,director ( ! ,bank ( ,greece4 ,! =eign language broadca/s f ,radio ,cairo 7 "u ! ov]-all control ( ! ,political ,w>f>e ,executive 7,p4,w4,e47 ( ! ,briti% ,m9i/ry ( ,in=mation4 ,lat]1 9 conjunction ) ! ,am]icans1 ! title ( ! unit 0 *ang$ to ,psy*ological ,w>f>e ,bran* 7,p4,w4,b47 ,e ev5+ we _h two broadca/s1 at #g4cj & #aj4cj pm1 :i* w5t out on ! m$ium wave transmitt] ( ,radio ,cairo at ,abu ,zabal1 run by ! ,e4,s4,b4 7,egyptian ,/ate ,broadca/+74 ,! transmissions 9 elev5 =eign languages 7 also relay$ by ?ree %ort wave transmitt]s1 two belong+ to ! telegraph company ,cable ,wireless 7callsigns ,,suv ,,suw71 & an exp]im5tal transmitt] ( #g4e kil[atts belong+ to a ,briti% army signals unit1 ) ! odd callsign ,,jcjc1 op]at$ by "y corporal ,r[ley ,%e>s ,g#h,,kw1 a radio amateur fri5d ( ,norman ,joly4 ,! ,greek broadca/s began 9 ,may #aida & w5t on to ! end ( ,janu>y #aide4 ,dur+ ?is p]iod _m important p]sonalities broadca/ f ,/udio #c1 :i* 0 also us$ by well-kn[n w> correspond5ts ( ! ,b4,b4,c41 ! ,n4,b4,c4 & _m o!r news organisations4 ,! p ( occupi$ ,greece 7 address$ by ,mr ,ts\d]os1 ,cr[n ,pr9ce ,paul ( ,greece1 ,s(oclis ,v5izelos1 son ( ! fam\s ,cretan politician ,elef!rios ,v5izelos :o _h play$ a lead+ role 9 ! political =tunes ( mod]n ,greece1 & ,panayiotis ,kanellop\los ,m9i/] = ,w>4 ,aft] ! naval mut9y 9 ! port ( ,alex&ria ,admiral ,v\lg>is spoke to ! (fic]s & naval rat+s ( ! ,greek ,royal ,navy4 ,eliascos describ$ 9 detail ! negotiations ( ! ,lebanon ,conf]5ce :i* result$ 9 ! appo9tm5t ( ,george ,pap&re\ 7fa!r ( ,&reas ,pap&re\ :o 0 rec5tly ,prime ,m9i/]71 z ! new ,prime ,m9i/] ( ! ,coalition gov]nm5t 9 exile4 ,he c be se5 at ! fam\s ,r4,c4,a velocity microphone type #dd;,,bx :i* 0 us$ ?r\gh\t ,_w ,w> ,,ii & _m ye>s aft]4 ,?is ribbon type microphone _h a v l>ge & heavy p]man5t magnet embodi$ 9 ! design & mu/ h weigh$ ab\t #a1jjj times m ?an a mod]n electret lapel microphone4 ,i mu/ expla9 t ^! w>-"t broadca/s 7 c>ri$ out 9 ! pres5ce ( a ,swit* ,c5sor :o sat on ! o!r side ( ! news read]'s desk & 0 able to turn (f ! microphone 9 a split second if x ev] became necess>y4 ,dur+ ! ?ree & a half ye>s ( ! broadca/s ?is 0 done only on "o special occasion & c]ta9ly n because ! newsread] _h gone b]s]k or some?+ l t4 ,! ,*ief ,c5sor 0 ,pr(essor ,eric ,sloman :o _h be5 ! fir/ ,director ( ! ,police ,academy 9 ,k]kyra 7,corfu74 ,!n !re 7 c5sors = ! elev5 languages us$ 9 ^! broadca/s4 ,! c5sor = ! ,poli% broadca/s 0 ! ,c\ntess ,walevska1 gr&-daught] ( ,napoleon's lady fri5d4 ,! ,c\ntess 0 a r l>ge lumb]+ woman :o always came into ! /udio c>ry+ lots ( p>cels4 ,"o ev5+ %e came 9 & sat 9 an arm*air on ! o!r side ( ! /udio to wait h] turn = ! ,poli% broadca/ :i* foll[$ ! ,greek4 ,z ,i 0 read+ ! news bullet9 ,i sudd5ly became consci\s ( a regul> tick+ noise 9 ! headphones ,i 0 we>+4 ,i made a sign to ,mr ,joly :o 0 act+ z swit* c5sor at ! "t1 & he got up & walk$ ov] to ! ,c\ntess4 ,he :isp]$ 9 h] e> & ask$ h] :at 0 9 h] h& bag4 ,! ,c\ntess blu%$ & repli$ t %e _h j collect$ h] al>m clock f ! wat*mak]4 ,i don't "k if any %>p-e>$ li/5] _h he>d ! tick+ & ?\ght t we _h a "t bomb 9 ! /udio4 ,hav+ m5tion$ my good fri5d ,mr ,norman ,joly ,i mu/ record t he 0 ! te*nical sup]visor = ! =eign language broadca/s1 h&l+ su* ?+s z wavel5g?s = ! %ort wave relays1 tra9+ ! newsread]s 7( :om !re mu/ h be5 ov] #cj7 & act+ z /udio manag] & swit* c5sor = "s ( ! languages :i* he knew4 ,a regul> broadca/] 9 our /udio 0 ,francis ,noel-,bak] :o lat] became a ,lab\r memb] ( ,p>liam5t 9 ! ,briti% ,h\se ( ,commons1 l 8 fa!r4 ,! ,noel-,bak] family are well-kn[n 9 ,greece because = sev]al g5]ations !y h own$ a l>ge prop]ty on ! isl& ( ,euboea 7,evia 9 ,greek74 ,francis speaks flu5t ,greek1 & 8 "m 0 relat$ to ,"l ,byron4 ,9 rec5t ye>s he has swit*$ 8 allegiance to ! ,cons]vative ,p>ty l$ by 8 p]sonal fri5d ,m>g>et ,?at*]4 ,major ,patrick ,leigh-,f]mor ! writ] :o _h kidnapp$ ,major-,g5]al ,he9ri* ,kreipe 9 ,crete & spirit$ him away to ,alli$ headqu>t]s 9 ,cairo1 came to our /udio & describ$ h[ ?is audaci\s op]ation _h be5 c>ri$ out by him & ,capta9 ,william ,/anley ,moss1 ex-,cold/ream ,gu>ds1 ) ! consid]able assi/ance ( ! ,cretan resi/ance movem5t p>tisans4 ,purely by co9cid5ce1 x 0 ! ,greek news bullet9 f ,cairo :i* fir/ ann\nc$ to ! _w ,g5]al ,montgom]y's victory ov] ,g5]al ,rommel at ,alame94 ,i mu/ expla9 t dur+ a broadca/ ! two doors lead+ into ! /udio 7 kept clos$ & an arm$ (fic] ( ! ,milit>y ,police sat outside 79 civilian clo!s7 to prev5t anyone f ent]+ = any reason :atsoev]4 ,i 0 9 ! middle ( read+ ! news :5 sudd5ly1 )\t w>n+1 ! inn] door op5$ & a "y despat*-rid]1 /ill we>+ 8 cra% helmet1 walk$ 9 wav+ a piece ( pap]4 ,mr ,joly imm$iately swit*$ (f ! microphone & ask$ ! "y man :at he ?\ght he 0 do+4 ',mo/ ,imm$iate sir'1 he said4 7,?is is ! army's highe/ priority classification47 ',to be broadca/ at once4' ,mr ,joly h&$ ! docum5t to me & ,i saw x 0 writt5 9 ,engli%4 ,tak+ a deep brea? ,i began translat+ ! text into ,greek1 ) "s excitem5t & trepidation ow+ to ! diff]5ce 9 syntax betwe5 ! two languages4 ,=ty-six ye>s lat] ,mr ,joly gave me ! id5tical %eet ( pap]1 :i* he _h kept z a s\v5ir4 ,x is pr9t$ "h 9 full4 ,at ! ,editorial (fices1 :]e !y 7 monitor+ ! newsca/1 !y ?\ght ,i _h gone out ( my m9d1 because ! communique _h n rea*$ !m yet4 ,:5 !y tun$ 9 to ! %ort wave s]vice ( ! ,b4,b4,c4 !y he>d ! communique read out m ?an an h\r aft] our ,greek broadca/4 ,a _w scoop1 if ev] !re 0 "o4 ,ye>s lat] :5 ,i return$ to ,a!ns1 _m ( my fri5ds told me !y _h he>d ! fir/ broadca/ ( ! ?rill+ bullet9 & !y c\ld /ill rememb] ! excitem5t 9 my voice4 ,! ,greek section 0 ! fir/ to inaugurate ! transmission ( p]sonal messages4 ,_m p 7 escap+ f occupi$ ,greece 9 sail+ boats across to ! %ores ( ,asia ,m9or1 end+ up 9 ! ,middle ,ea/1 mo/ly 9 ,cairo4 ,!y _h no means ( advis+ _! relatives & fri5ds 9 ,greece t !y _h surviv$ ! p]il\s j\rney4 ,we us$ to broadca/ pre-arrang$ messages l ',john in=ms ,m>y t he has arriv$ at ! village'4 ,z ,i m5tion$ above1 ,george ,pap&re\ came to our /udio & spoke to ! p 9 ,greece ab\t ! =mation ( ! gov]nm5t ( ,national ,unity1 :i* _h be5 agre$ by all p>ties meet+ 9 ! ,lebanon1 includ+ ! repres5tatives ( ! ,p>tisans op]at+ 9 ! m\nta9s ( ,greece4 ,pap&re\ & ! gov]nm5t 9 exile mov$ to ,naples 9 ,italy = a %ort p]iod & !n return$ to ,a!ns on ,octob] #ab? #aidd = ! ,lib]ation4 ,f9ally1 ,i w\ld l to say t 9 ! d>k days be=e ,montgom]y's break?r\gh at ,alame91 :5 x 0 q on ! c>ds t ,g5]al ,rommel might take ,cairo1 ,mr ,joly & ,i 7 s5t to ,j]usalem to make arrangem5ts = ! =eign language broadca/s to be cont9u$ f !re4 ,=tunately ! situation *ang$ & we 7 recall$ to ,cairo1 :]e we arriv$ j 9 "t = me to broadca/ ! hi/oric communique ann\nc+ ! victory at ,alame91 :i* m>k$ ! turn+ po9t ( ! w> 9 ! ,middle ,ea/4 ,,*apt] ,,n9e ,,miscellany #a4 ,! fir/ broadca/+ /ations ( ! _w4 ,spee* 0 fir/ transmitt$ = reception by ! g5]al public f ,wa%+ton ,d4,c4 9 #aiae :5 ,europe 0 /ill at w>4 ,dur+ #aiaf ! fir/ 'broadca/+' /ation 9 ! _w began regul> transmissions f a ,new ,york suburb4 ,9 #aiai ,dr4 ,frank ,conrad1 !n ,assi/ant ,*ief ,eng9e] ( ! ,we/+h\se ,electric ,manufactur+ ,company1 set up1 9 8 own g>age 9 ,wilk9sburg1 ,p5nsylvania1 a #ge-watt transmitt] 7#h,,xk7 f :i* he broadca/ musical ent]ta9m5t = o!r radio en?usia/s4 ,?is 0 ! fir/ cont9u$ s*$ul$ broadca/+ 9 hi/ory4 ,! ,we/+h\se ,company realis$ ! pot5tial value ( ,conrad's "w & built ,,kdka1 ! fir/ regul> comm]cial broadca/+ /ation 9 ! _w1 :i* began its c>e] by ann\nc+ ! results ( ! ,h>d+-,cox election returns on ! ,novemb] #bnd #aibj4 ,! fir/ broadca/+ /ation 9 ,europe 0 ,,pcgg :i* began transmitt+ on ,novemb] #f? #aiai f ! ,hague 9 ,holl&4 ,hanso ,/]+a ,idz]da1 a #ce ye> old eng9e]1 obta9$ ! fir/ lic5ce grant$ 9 ,europe = ! transmission ( music & spee* = g5]al reception1 z oppos$ to ! wireless telegraphy /ations :i* _h be5 op]at+ po9t to po9t s]vices4 ,f ! end ( #aiai to #aibd ?is /ation transmitt$ a s]ies ( musical programmes ?ree times a week call$ ',! ,hague ,conc]ts'4 ,! orig9al wavel5g? ( #fgj metres 0 lat] *ang$ to #a1aej metres4 ,at t "t mo/ ( ! p :o he>d ^! conc]ts w\ld h be5 us+ headphones & !y w\ld n h be5 v critical ab\t ! quality ( ! s\nds !y 7 he>+ comp>$ to ! magical novelty ( snat*+ voices & music app>5tly out ( ?9 air4 ,?is hi/oric transmitt] c be se5 9 ! museum ( ! ,dut* ,po/al ,s]vices 9 ! ,hague4 ,! fir/ transmissions ( spee* & music 9 ,engl& 7 made f ,*elms=d1 ,essex1 :5 a #aek,w transmitt] ( ! ,m>coni ,company began regul> transmissions 9 ,febru>y ( #aibj4 ,9 ! summ] ( #aibd ! _w's greate/ radio companies--,briti% ,m>coni1 ,g]man ,telefunk51 ,fr5* ,radio ,telegraphie & ,am]ican ,r4,c4,a4--met 9 ,london to discuss transatlantic communications4 ,! le>n$ g5tlem5 all agre$ t ! ,atlantic c\ld only be spann$ by ultra-long waves ( #aj1jjj to #bj1jjj metres1 :i* w\ld require ! use ( hundr$s ( kil[atts ( p[] & receiv]s z l>ge z a trunk1 n to speak ( ant5nas m ?an a mile long4 ,dr4 ,frank ,conrad1 :o 0 also pres5t at ! conf]5ce1 _h br\ght ) him a small %ort wave receiv] less ?an a foot squ>e4 ,:5 he connect$ x to a curta9 rod z an ant5na ! fa9t b cle> voices ( 8 assi/ants 9 ! ,u4,s4,a4 7 he>d f ne>ly f\r ?\s& miles away4 ,) ?is spectacul> demon/ration he adm9i/]$ ! dea?bl[ to all plans = high p[] ultra-long-wavel5g? transmitt]s1 & f !n on ! comm]cial companies conc5trat$ _! ef=ts on develop+ equipm5t = int]national communications on ! %ort waves4 ,) pres5t-day electronic news ga!r+ & _w-wide satellite l9ks1 ! problems fac$ by broadca/+ organisations fifty ye>s ago :5 transmitt+ programmes :i* did n orig9ate 9 a /udio 7 ?\ght to be v complex4 ,9 ! ,b4,b4,c4 ,h&book = #aibh !re 0 an article entitl$ ',outside ,broadca/ ,problems' :i* said1 ,"w outside ! /udio is (t5 ! mo/ difficult t ! broadca/ eng9e] c be ask$ to und]take2 n s mu* f a te*nical z f a practical po9t ( view4 ,v (t5 he has to take 8 app>atus to "s place he has nev] se5 be=e1 set up 8 amplifi]s 9 mo/ awkw>d positions1 te/ 8 l9es to ! /udio1 decide on 8 microphone plac+s & run out ! wir+ 9 ! space ( an h\r or s1 ) little previ\s exp]i5ce to guide him4 ,x is 9 fairly e*oey halls1 !atres & *ur*es t ! majority ( outside broadca/s take place4 ,= example1 a s]mon prea*$ 9 a *ur* w\ld be intelligible probably to ! :ole ( ! congregation4 ,b to r5d] x intelligibly on a l\d-speak]1 ! microphone w\ld h to be1 say1 n m ?an t5 feet f ! speak]4 ,9 broadca/+ a play f a !atre1 :5 ! speak]s are mov+ ab\t1 ! only way ( deal+ ) ! problem is to use sev]al microphones & a mix+ device :i* enables ! eng9e] to *ange sil5tly f "o microphone to ano!r1 or to comb9e !m 9 v>y+ proportions4 ,"s rapid swit*+ may sometimes be necess>y4 ,ev5 ) good microphones & amplifi]s ! eng9e] 9 ! field may (t5 exp]i5ce difficulties ) ! l9es connect+ ! outside po9t to ! /udio4 ,! majority ( su* l9es d n transmit ! high] frequ5cies adequately1 especially ! long] ones4 ,! problems become imm5se :5 ,european simultane\s broadca/s are attempt$4 ,exp]im5ts on ! cont95tal wireless l9k h done no m ?an reveal its unreliability4 ,! und]sea telephone l9e1 h[ev]1 does n give ei!r good or ev5 intelligible quality ( spee* if x is long] ?an a c\ple ( hundr$ miles1 & x is q unusable = ! transmission ( a musical programme4 ,! ,b4,b4,c4 has be5 ! fir/ 9 ! _w to exploit ,simultane\s ,broadca/+ to its fulle/ advantage = a national sy/em1 & ?anks to ! co-op]ation ( ! ,po/ ,(fice eng9e]s1 x is possible to pick up a programme :]ev] x may take place )9 ! ,briti% ,isles & radiate x simultane\sly f all di/ribution c5tres4 ,look+ ahead /ill fur!r & assum+ t ! wireless w supplem5t ! wire l9e l9k1 !re is no reason :y a simultane\s broadca/ ( some?+ ( fundam5tal importance to ! :ole civilis$ _w %\ld n take place "s "t 9 ! future4 ,9 a book entitl$ ,radio ,goes to ,w> publi%$ by ,fab] ,fab] 9 #aidc1 ,*>les ,j4 ,rolo wrote1 ,radio w5t to w> on five cont95ts %ortly aft] ! ,nazi ,p>ty came to p[] 9 ,g]many4 ,9 n9e ye>s x has be5 /reaml9$ f a crude propag&a bludgeon into ! mo/ p[]ful s+le in/rum5t ( political w>f>e ! _w has ev] kn[n4 ,spread+ ) ! spe$ ( light1 x c>ries ! human voice sev5 times r\nd ! globe 9 "o second4 ,:5 ,hitl] makes a spee* 9 ! ,kroll ,op]a ,h\se 9 ,b]l91 li/5]s 9 ,am]ica & ! :ole _w he> 8 words by %ort wave ev5 be=e 8 own imm$iate audi5ce he>s !m4 ,radio speaks 9 all tongues to all classes4 ,all p]vasive1 x p5etrates beyond national fronti]s1 spans ! walls ( c5sor%ip t b> ! way to ! writt5 ^w1 & seeps ?r\gh ! f9e net ( ! ,ge/apo4 ,x rea*es ! illit]ate & ! in=m$1 ! "y & ! old1 ! civilian & ! soldi] 9 ! front l9e1 ! policy mak]s & ! in>ticulate masses4 ,s great is ! importance ( radio to-day t ! seizure ( a defeat$ nation's transmitt]s has become "o ( ! prim>y spoils ( w>4 ,9 ,greece1 broadca/+ 0 />t$ 9 ! nor!rn city ( ,!ssaloniki 7,salonica7 by ! pione] ( ,balkan broadca/+ ,*ri/os ,ts+]idis1 9 #aibh4 ,a museum 9 t city tells ! full /ory ( ! fir/ broadca/+ /ation 9 ! :ole ( ! ,balkans4 ,broadca/+ 9 ! capital1 ,a!ns1 />t$ on ,m>* #be? #aich :5 a second-h& #ae k,w ,telefunk5 transmitt] 0 put into op]ation 9 ! suburb ( ,liosia4 ,! c5tre-f$ ,t ant5na 0 support$ betwe5 two pylons ( #he metres 7#bgi feet74 ,9 #aidd :5 ! ,g]man army 0 pull+ out ( ,a!ns !y tri$ to bl[ ! ! pylons up b "o ( !m rema9$ /&+ at a crazy angle1 because "o ( ! explosive *>ges _h be5 plac$ incorrectly4 #b4 ,avlis ',! ,voice ( ,hellas'4 ,! #e? ,programme ( ! ,greek broadca/+ s]vice 7,ell9iki ,radiophonia7 is transmitt$ f ! %ort wave transmitt+ c5tre at ,avlis1 ab\t #gj kilometres nor? ( ,a!ns4 ,! /ation 0 put into s]vice 9 #aigb & has two #ajj,,kw ,m>coni %ort wave transmitt]s & a v]itable =e/ ( ant5nas cov]+ #a1ajj acres1 arrang$ 9 ?ree l9es to cov] ! desir$ directions1 z c be se5 on ! great circle map4 ,! pylons support+ ! #f ,m,hz arrays are truly impressive at #cbh feet4 ,ea* l9e has eight sep>ate ant5nas = ! #f1 #g1 #i1 #aa1 #ae1 #ag & #ba ,m,hz broadca/+ b&s4 ,ea* ant5na consi/s ( two curta9s ) a total ( #h horizontal dipoles4 ,! dipoles are all f$ by op5 wire fe$]s :i* c be remotely swit*$ to enable radiation 9 two directions #ahj degrees ap>t4 ,!re are also ?ree curta9s = ! #aa metre b& 7#bf ,m,hz7 :i* may be put into s]vice dur+ sunspot cycle #bb if ! ,m4,u4,f4 all[s x4 ,= transmissions to neighb\r+ c\ntries l ,cyprus1 ,turkey1 ! ,balkans & ! c\ntries ( ! ,middle ,ea/1 !re are two rotatable log p]iodic ant5nas ) a high angle ( v]tical radiation 7#de degrees7 & a wide angle ( #cb degrees 9 ! horizontal plane4 ,! remotely controll$ swit*+ c5tre all[s ea* ( ! two transmitt]s to be connect$ to any "o ( ! #bc ant5nas4 ,electrome*anical protection circuits ensure t a transmitt] c only be connect$ to an ant5na t is tun$ to ! same frequ5cy4 ,! *ange ( ant5nas & transmitt+ frequ5cies is made dur+ ! t5-m9ute int]val betwe5 programmes1 :i* always beg9 on ! h\r1 prec$$ by ! n[ famili> signature tune ( a %eph]d play+ 8 flute ) ! t9kl+ ( %eep-bells 9 ! backgr\nd1 record$ 9 #aicf1 foll[$ by ! ,greek ,national ,an!m4 ,! special programmes ( news & features orig9ate 9 ! broadca/+ headqu>t]s 9 ,a!ns & g on ! air ?r\gh\t ! #bd h\rs ( ! day 9 ,greek1 ,engli% & _m =eign languages4 ,reports ( reception are welcome & %\ld be address$ to ,k4,e4,b4,a41 ,avlis1 ,greece4 7,! ,greek initials /& = %ort wave transmitt+ c5tre47 ,b ,avlis 0 '9 ! news' long be=e ! ,greek broadca/+ s]vice decid$ to in/all its %ort wave transmitt]s !re4 ,9 anci5t times a great fleet ( %ips _h be5 assembl$ 9 ! h>b\r !re1 ready to set sail = ,troy1 foll[+ ! abduction ( ! beautiful ,hel5 ( ,sp>ta by ,p>is1 ! "y ,pr9ce ( ,troy4 ,b !re _h be5 no w9d = _m weeks1 & ! sea 0 dead calm4 ,agamemnon1 ! ,k+ ( ,myc5ae1 :o _h himself contribut$ ov] #ajj %ips to ! fleet1 decid$ to consult 8 ,se]4 ,z 0 ! cu/om1 ! ,se] slaught]$ a "y lamb & scrut9is$ its entrails4 ,he !n ann\nc$ t ! w9d w\ld come up if ,agamemnon sacrific$ 8 daught] ,iphig5ia on ! ,alt> ( ,sacrifice4 ,k+ ,agamemnon despat*$ a mess5g] to ,myc5ae 7no ,,vhf repeat] be+ available 9 ^? days7 to tell 8 wife ,que5 ,klitemne/ra to s5d _! daught] ,iphig5ia to ,avlis 7,aulis74 ,! ,k+ said he 0 plann+ to m>ry h] (f to ,a*illes1 ! mo/ eligible ba*elor ( ! day4 ,:5 poor ,iphig5ia arriv$ %e 0 quickly plac$ on ! ,sacrificial ,alt>--& _h h] pretty ?roat slit4 ,h[ev]1 !re seems to be ano!r v]sion to ! end ( ! /ory4 ,j be=e ! human sacrifice 0 due to be made ,artemis 7,diana1 ! fam\s ,goddess ( ,hunt+7 s5t a small de] :i* 0 plac$ on ! alt> in/ead ( ! girl4 ,iphig5ia 0 secretly spirit$ away to ,taurida1 9 nor!rn ,greece1 & put 9 *>ge ( ,diana's temple !re4 7,?is /ory is ! subject ( a well-kn[n classical ,greek play47 ,hi/orical note on ! ,m>coni-,/ille /eel tape record+ ma*9e4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( ! c5tury ,pr(essor ,p\ls51 "o ( radio's e>lie/ pione]s1 discov]$ t a magnetic impression c\ld be made on a mov+ l5g? ( wire :i* rema9$ on ! wire ev5 aft] x _h be5 roll$ up4 ,he us$ 8 ma*9e to record ! ,morse code only1 t is magnetism 'on' & '(f'4 ,9 #aibd ,dr4 ,/ille 9 ,g]many made a ma*9e :i* c\ld record s\nds4 ,! ,b4,b4,c4 s5t two eng9e]s to ,b]l91 & aft] a demon/ration !y (f]$ to buy ! ma*9e1 b 9 ! end !y return$ to ,engl& empty-h&$4 ,9 #aica ,mr ,l\is ,blattn] manag$ to buy a ma*9e & br+ x to ,engl&4 ,he call$ x ! ,blattn]phone4 ,by ?is "t ,dr4 ,/ille _h replac$ ,p\ls5's wire ) a flat /eel tape #f mm wide4 ,ea* reel ( tape c\ld only accommodate #bj m9utes ( record+4 ,!re 0 a con/ant & heavy backgr\nd hiss1 due to ! inh]5t quality ( ! /eel tape itself4 ,/ille ,inv5tions ,ltd4 jo9$ =ces ) ,m>coni's ,wireless ,telegraph ,co4 ,ltd4 to produce1 ) ! close co-op]ation ( ! ,b4,b4,c4 ,rese>* ,dep>tm5t1 ! ,m>coni-,/ille ma*9e :i* 0 put into use 9 #aicd4 ,! tape wid? 0 r$uc$ to #c mm & ! ?ickness to only #j4jh ( a millimetre4 ,9 ord] to secure ! reproduction ( ! high] audio frequ5cies1 x 0 f\nd necess>y to run ! tape at a rate ( #ij metres p] m9ute pa/ ! record+ & reproduc+ heads4 ,?is meant t ! l5g? ( tape requir$ = a half-h\r's programme 0 ne>ly #c kilometres6 #d4 ,brief description ( ! ribbon or velocity microphone4 ,george ,pap&re\1 ,greek ,prime ,m9i/] ( ! w>-"t gov]nm5t ( ,national ,unity 9 exile1 is se5 ) ! fam\s ribbon microphone develop$ by ! ,b4,b4,c4 9 #aicd4 ,?is microphone 7,r4,c4,a4 designation #dd;,,bx7 consi/s ( a ribbon ( corrugat$ alum9ium foil only #j4jjjb ( an in* ?ick susp5d$ v]tically 9 a v int5se b n>r[ magnetic field4 ,:5 s\nds vibrate ! ribbon extremely l[ alt]nat+ voltages are develop$ at ! ends ( ! ribbon1 :i* has a v l[ imp$ance ( only #j4ae ohm1 necessitat+ ! use ( a /ep-up trans=m] ( #a3de turns ratio v close to x4 ,! frequ5cy response is #bj to #af1jjj ,hz4 ,a drawback is t ! ribbon c be bl[n out ( ! magnetic gap by sudd5 puffs ( air :5 a speak] gets too close to ! microphone1 s ! cas+ is l9$ ) sev]al lay]s ( *iffon :i* let 9 ! s\nds b n ! air4 ,)\t its base ! ribbon microphone weighs #d kilograms1 ne>ly #i lbs4 #e4 ,an out/&+ ant5na sy/em design$ by ,rex ,g#d;,,juj = ,phase ,,iii amateur satellite communication4 ,! up-l9k section comprises f\r #hh-;elem5t ,jaybeam multi-beams :i* provide a p[] ga9 ( #bbe4 ,! two d[n-l9k #h elem5t yagis are ea* fitt$ ) a small ,d4,c4 motor directly c\pl$ to a #i in* l5g? ( ,m#e brass /udd+ rotat+ inside a block ( ,,ptfe l9k$ to a pu% rod :i* c move ! ant5nas #ge degrees bo? sides ( ! v]tical position1 ei!r 9 unison or 9 opposite directions4 ,?is sy/em provides inf9itely v>iable pol>isation :i* optimises ! d[n-l9k signal at any in/ant4 #f4 ,! saga ( ,h4,h4,m4,s4 ,,adrias ,:ile fight+ 9 ! area ( ! ,dodecanese ,isl&s on ! night ( ! #bbnd ,octob] #aidc ! de/roy] ,,adrias 7,l#fg7 0 s]i\sly damag$ by a m9e b refus$ to s9k4 ,"u ! comm& ( ,comm&] ,john ,t\mbas ! %ip cov]$ a di/ance ( approximately #gjj nautical miles1 rea*+ ! port ( ,alex&ria 9 ,egypt on ! eve ( ! fea/ ( ,sa9t ,ni*olas1 ! patron sa9t ( all seam54 ,! ,greek ,m9i/] ( ! ,navy ,s(oclis ,v5izelos1 & ! ,briti% ,admiral 9 comm& ( ! ,royal ,navy 9 ! ,ea/]n ,m$it]ranean1 provid$ an honor>y escort = ! brave little %ip t _h refus$ to die4 ,a few mon?s lat] ! snub-nos$ ,l#fg jo9$ ! fleet ( #ajj vessels ( all sorts :i* sail$ to ,greece = ! ,lib]ation4 ,! photographs 7 tak5 by ! au?or 7) ! exception ( ! damag$ ,l#fg7 :o travell$ back to ,greece on ,h4,h4,m4,s4 ,,av]( 9 ! same convoy4 ,! photograph ( ,l#hd1 a simil> type de/roy] to ,,adrias %[s h[ mu* ( h] b[s 0 bl[n (f by ! collision ) ! m9e4 7,h4,h4,m4,s4 /&s = ,8 ,hell5ic ,maje/y's ,%ip47 #g4 ,g]man sabotage at ! ,cable ,wireless /ation at ,pall9i1 ,greece1 9 ,_w ,w> ,,ii4 ,z ! ,g]man army 0 pull+ out ( ,greece 9 ,octob] #aidd its eng9e]s c>ri$ out ext5sive sabotage to in/allations ( a /rategic value4 ,at ,pall9i1 n f> f ,a!ns1 an attempt 0 made to de/roy ! transmitt] hall by dropp+ "o ( ! ant5na t[]s onto x1 b ! equipm5t 0 n damag$4 ,!y 7 m successful at ! ,royal ,navy transmitt+ site at ,votanikos4 ,"h !y tri$ to de/roy six #cjj foot tubul> ma/s4 ,"o rema9$ /&+ & also ! l[] "p ( ano!r4 ,all ! te/ ge> 9 ! lab 0 ?r[n out ( a second floor w9d[ & burnt4 ,i 0 act+ z (ficial photograph] = my unit at ! "t4 ,:5 ,i walk$ into a small /ore room ,i saw all ! equipm5t _h be5 ?r[n (f ! %elves on to ! floor1 b appe>$ to be intact4 ,i spott$ a box ( br& new pack$ ,g]man navy morse keys & decid$ ! "t _h come = me to acquire a small w> trophy ( my own4 ,z ,i b5t d[n to pick up a key1 ,i 0 horrifi$ to see two l>ge /icks ( gelignite p]*$ p]il\sly on ! edge ( a %elf4 ,! explosive 0 ti$ ) :ite ribbon1 ) a weight atta*$ to ! o!r end4 ,i froze to ! spot4 ,g+]ly ,i lift$ my trophy out ( ! box & began to walk sl[ly backw>ds1 be+ v c>eful n to knock any?+ ov]4 ,i brea!d a sigh ( relief :5 ,i 0 out ( ! room & imm$iately al]t$ ! eng9e]s :o came & defus$ ! booby trap4 ,s ?is book might nev] h be5 writt5 ?anks to ! ,g]man army4 ,at ! ,a!ns broadca/+ /ation transmitt] site at ,liosia my unit erect$ a small tempor>y ',t' ant5na :i* all[$ ! /ation to come on ! air aga91 b a %ort "t lat]1 :5 ! ,,elas gu]rillas ov]ran ! area !y began us+ ! transmitt] to broadca/ _! own view ( ev5ts4 ,we provid$ ! broadca/+ au?ority ) a ,,bc #faj mobile transmitt] in/all$ next to ! ,p>liam5t build+ 9 ! c5tre ( t[n1 us+ ! same frequ5cy ( #faj ,k,hz4 ,li/5]s 9 ,cairo c\ldn't und]/& :at 0 go+ on :5 "o mom5t !y he>d an (ficial gov]nm5t ann\ncem5t & a little lat] a w> communique issu$ by ! ,communi/ gu]rillas4 #h4 ,ov]-!-horizon or ,ionosph]ic ,,hf ,rad>--,,o?r ,z m5tion$ briefly 9 ,*apt] #a1 x 0 9 ,april #aigf t ! !n ,soviet ,union fir/ unlea%$ a diabolical noise on ! ,,hf b&s :i* caus$ widespread int]f]5ce to all broadca/+ & telecommunication s]vices betwe5 #f & #bj ,m,hz4 ,on ! fir/ day ! knock-knock-knock w5t on cont9u\sly = ov] t5 h\rs4 ,radio amateurs1 :o 7 among ! s]vices t suff]$ f ! int]f]5ce1 soon came to call ?is noise ! woodpeck]4 ,by rotat+ _! beams :5 tun$ to ! #ad ,m,hz b& !y e/abli%$ t ! transmissions appe>$ to orig9ate f ! vic9ity ( ! t[n ( ,gomel 9 ! ,u4,s4,s4,r4 ,! gov]nm5ts ( _m c\ntries _w-wide imm$iately prote/$ to ,mosc[1 & all !y got 9 reply 0 a brief /atem5t t ! ,u4,s4,s4,r4 0 c>ry+ out an exp]im5t4 ,! reason = ! v /rong on_/(f pulses 0 probably because1 at fir/1 ! ,russians 7 us+ exi/+ rad> ant5nas :i* p]mit ! transmitt+ & receiv+ functions to %>e ! same ant5na4 ,mod]n ,,o?r in/allations h diff]5t transmitt+ & receiv+ sites1 (t5 locat$ _m miles ap>t4 ,f ! e>ly #aiejs puls$ oblique ionosph]e s\nd]s _h %[n t ! normal ionosph]e is mu* m /able ?an _h previ\sly be5 ?\ght to be4 ,! physical reason = ?is is t ! incr$ibly t5u\s ioniz$ gas :i* does ! reflect+ has a molasses-l viscosity4 ,( c\rse1 !re are daily & seasonal *anges1 b ov] limit$ p]iods ( half an h\r or s1 ! ,f lay] at a giv5 location is actually q well-behav$4 ,x b\nces back signals 9 a ne>ly con/ant direction & ) ne>ly con/ant amplitude--j :at is requir$ = good rad> p]=mance4 ,ov]-!-horizon ,,hf rad>s use ! ionosph]e z a k9d ( mirror to see ar\nd ! curvature ( ! e>?4 ,!y h a v>iety ( uses1 bo? milit>y & civilian4 ,& !y h ! advantage ov] l9e-(-sight micr[ave rad>s ( be+ able to cov] enorm\s areas ) mu* less p[] & at a fraction ( ! co/ ( ! latt]4 ,a relocatable ,,o?r sy/em c track aircraft t>gets "r d[n to gr\nd level4 ,9 an e>ly exp]im5t op]ators 7 puzzl$ by ! sudd5 disappe>ance f _! scre5 ( an aircraft !y _h be5 track+ z x taxi$ along ! gr\nd4 ,!y f\nd out lat] t ! reason = ! disappe>ance 0 t ! aircraft _h gone into a metal hang> :i* did n %[ on ! scre5 because x 0 n 9 motion1 z expla9$ bel[4 ,9 #aigi ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,air ,=ce began exp]im5t+ ) an ,,o?r sy/em at a site ne> ,bangor1 ,ma9e4 ,because ,,hf frequ5cies 7 be+ us$ ! p[] 0 kept v l[ to m9imize int]f]5ce to o!r s]vices dur+ ! e>ly te/s4 ,at ! "t ( writ+ 7#aihi7 x is believ$ t a full-p[] relocatable ,,o?r sy/em situat$ 9 ,virg9ia is be+ us$ 9 ! anti-drug w>4 ,z c be se5 f ! map ?is ,,ro?r c cov] a va/ area ( #a4f million nautical miles1 /raddl+ ! :ole ,c>ibbean4 ,! scan area /ret*es f ! coa/ ( ,colombia 9 ,s\? ,am]ica up ?r\gh ,nic>agua & ,honduras to ,florida 7on its we/ b\nd>y7 & !n s\?w>ds ?r\gh ,pu]to ,rico1 to ,tr9idad ,tobago & ! nor!rn coa/ ( ,v5ezuela4 ,b ?is va/ area is n cov]$ cont9u\sly2 ! sy/em op]ator c provide surveillance 9 a numb] ( sectors kn[n z ,d,i,rs 7dwell in=mation regions74 ,ea* "o ( ! #agf ,d,i,rs c be illum9at$ = only a few seconds at a "t4 ,small aircraft & small vessels c be detect$ by an +5i\s me?od1 only :5 !y move4 ,?is is h[ x is done3 ,at ! receiv+ site ( ! ,,ro?r sy/em a v l>ge ant5na /ret*es out ov] a di/ance ( #h1djj feet4 ,x consi/s ( #cgb dual-monopole v]tical elem5ts ea* #ai feet high1 back$ by a huge reflector scre5 :i* makes ! ant5na sub/antially unidirectional4 ,ea* pair ( v]tical elem5ts has its own receiv] :i* digitizes ! incom+ signals4 ,all ! digitiz$ signals are !n f$ ?r\gh a fibre-optic l9k to a ma/] signal processor4 ,! ma9 receiv] c be programm$ to pass on returns f "o p>ticul> region :ile elim9at+ mo/ ( ! o!r returns z unwant$ noise or clutt]4 ,b because ! want$ t>get is mov+1 :ile ! clutt] is n1 a filt]+ sy/em bas$ on ! ,doppl] ,%ift pr9ciple 7ev5 :5 ! e*o is only "o or two ,h]tz diff]5t7 w lock on to x & track x z long z x /ays 9 motion4 ,fur!rmore1 ! ,,ro?r sy/em has its own built-9 automatic managem5t assessm5t function & does n h to dep5d on ext]nal s\nd+ data4 ,x measures ! ionosph]e height cont9u\sly & in/antly selects ! mo/ appropriate frequ5cy to use to scan ! t>get area1 ideally 9 "o hop4 ,?is automatic function uses a quasi-v]tical incid5ce s\nd] 7,,qvi7 to measure ! height ( ! ionosph]e ne> ! transmitt+ & receiv+ sites1 :i* z m5tion$ e>li] c be miles ap>t1 & a rad> backscatt] s\nd] to measure ! height ( ! ionosph]e d[nrange #ejj to #a1hjj nautical miles away4 ,! incom+ real-"t data f ^! s\nd+s are comp>$ ) data /or$ 9 comput] memory4 ,once real-"t data are mat*$ to a model ( ! ionosph]e1 ! model c be us$ to op]ate ! sy/em = ! be/ results1 bas$ on ! prevail+ propagation conditions4 ,! data = ! ionosph]ic models take up m ?an #bjj megabytes ( comput] /orage space4 ,op]ators ?us "k :5 & :]e to expect degrad$ p]=mance4 ,( c\rse1 /rong sol> activity c virtually make ov]-!-horizon ,,hf rad> unusable4 ,a ,spectrum ,analys] display %[s all ! frequ5cies betwe5 #e & #bh ,m,hz4 ,9 ord] to avoid possible int]f]5ce to o!r s]vices1 ^? frequ5cies :i* are kn[n to be p]man5tly allocat$ to fix$ broadca/+ & telecommunication /ations are lock$ out1 z well z frequ5cies :i* happ5 to be us$ at any in/ant s t !y c also be avoid$ by ! ,,o?r transmitt]4 ,,gloss>y = non-te*nical read]s4 ,a4,m4 ,a mode ( modulation 7amplitude74 ,a4,r4,r4,l4 ,amateur ,radio ,relay ,league 7,u4,s4,a474 ,beacon ,transmitt] radiat+ id5tification signal4 ,c4,q4 ,g5]al call1 to any /ation4 ,c4,r4,t4 ,ca?ode ray tube 7l ,,tv scre574 ,c4,w4 ,cont9u\s wave 7mode ( s5d+ telegraphy74 ,callsign ,/ation id5tification 7lett]s numb]s74 ,coh]] ,a device = mak+ radio frequ5cies audible4 ,,de ,morse abbreviation = 'f' 7,fr5*74 ,,dx ,communication ov] a long di/ance4 ,detector ,any device = mak+ radio frequ5cies audible4 ,doppl] %ift ,*ange 9 pit* 7( s\nd7 or frequ5cy ( a 7radio7 wave ,e4,d4,e4,s4 ,initials ( a w>-"t ,greek gu]rilla organisation4 ,e4,e4,r4 ,equival5t ,greek initials = ,r4,a4,a4,g4 7q4v47 ,e4,l4,a4,s4 ,initials ( a w>-"t ,greek gu]rilla organisation4 ,e4,l4,f4 ,extremely ,l[ ,frequ5cy4 ,e4,m4,e4 ,e>?-moon-e>?4 ,also ,moonb\nce q4v4 ,h4,h4,m4,s4 ,8 ,hell5ic ,maje/y's ,%ip4 ,gasfet ,a type ( transi/or4 ,k,hz ,kiloh]tz--int]national unit = kilocycle4 ,m4,u4,f4 ,maximum usable frequ5cy4 ,m,hz ,megah]tz--int]national unit = megacycle4 ,moonb\nce ,communication by reflection f ! moon4 ,,o?r ,ov]-!-horizon rad>4 ,q code ,abbreviations us$ :5 communicat+ by telegraphy4 ,q#a ,unreadable4 ,q#b ,b>ely readable--only "s words4 ,q#c ,readable ) consid]able difficulty4 ,q#d ,readable ) practically no difficulty4 ,q#e ,p]fectly readable4 ,,qro ,high p[]4 ,,qrp ,l[ p[]4 ,,qrt ,/op s5d+4 ,frequ5tly us$ = %ut up4 ,,qso ,two-way communication4 ,,q/ ,call to all /ations4 ,also title ( j\rnal ( ! ,a4,r4,r4,l4 ,,q? ,location or address ( a /ation4 ,r4,a4,a4,g4 ,radio ,amateur ,association ( ,greece4 ,r4,f4 ,radio frequ5cy4 ,r4,s4,g4,b4 ,radio ,society ( ,great ,brita94 ,,r/ ,sy/em ( report+ readability1 /r5g? tone ( a signal4 ,,rx ,receiv]4 ,s unit ,unit = report+ /r5g? ( receiv$ signal4 ,s4,i4 unit ,int]national sy/em ( def9itions4 ,,ssb ,s+le side-b&--a mode ( modulation4 ,,swl ,room :]e radio equipm5t is set up4 ,%ack ,room :]e radio equipm5t is set up4 ,sil5t key ,deceas$ radio amateur4 ,sporadic ,e4 ,propagation via ! ,e lay] ( ! ionosph]e4 ,t4,e4,p4 ,transequatorial propagation4 ,,tx ,transmitt]4 ,troposcatt] ,propagation via ! troposph]e4 ,u4,h4,f4 ,ultra high frequ5cy4 ,v4,h4,f4 ,v high frequ5cy4 ,w4,a4,c4 ,work$ 7contact$7 all cont95ts4 ,,xyl ,wife ( a radio amateur4 ,,yl ,"y lady op]ator4 #gc ,morse abbreviation = be/ reg>ds4 ,yagi ,a type ( ant5na design$ by a ,japanese ( t "n4