,,portraits ,,& ,,speculations ,,by ,,! ,,same ,,au?or ,a ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,/orytell+3 ,,/udies ,,9 ,,! ,,developm5t ,,( ,,n>rative4 #aiji ,,edg> ,,allan ,,poe3 ,a ,,critical ,,/udy4 #aiaj ,,! ,,ho(m>ks ,,( ,,! ,,faun4 #aiaa ,,osc> ,,wilde3 ,a ,,critical ,,/udy4 #aiab ,,portraits ,,& ,,speculations ,,by ,,ar?ur ,,ransome ,,macmillan ,,& ,,co41 ,,limit$ ,,/4 ,,m>t9',s ,,/reet1 ,,london #aiac ,copyright ,,to ,,john ,,masefield ,,note ,( ! ,essays 9 ?is book1 8,art = ,life's ,sake0 appe>$ 9 ,! ,engli% ,review2 8,! ,poetry ( ,yone ,nogu*i10#a 8,remy de ,g\rmont10 & 8,aloysius ,b]tr&0 9 ,! ,=tnightly ,review2 8,k9etic & ,pot5tial ,spee*10 9 ,! ,ox=d & ,cambridge ,review4 ,! pap]s on ,daudet & ,coppe 7 prefix$ to collections ( /ories by ^! writ]s3 ,i ?ank ! publi%]s1 ,messrs4 ,t4 ,c4 & ,e4 ,c4 ,jack1 = p]mission to reproduce !m "h4 ,,cont5ts ,,page ,,art ,,= ,,life',s ,,sake #a ,,aloysius ,,b]tr& #ce ,,alphonse ,,daudet #eg ,,! ,,retrospection ,,( ,,fran,,ois ,,copp,e #ga ,,fri$ri* ,,nietzs*e #hg ,,walt] ,,pat] #abi ,,remy ,,de ,,g\rmont #afa ,,! ,,poetry ,,( ,,yone ,,nogu*i #ahg ,,k9etic ,,& ,,pot5tial ,,spee* #bjg ,,art ,,= ,,life',s ,,sake ,,art ,,= ,,life',s ,,sake ,x is n yet fifty ye>s s9ce "o or two m5 ( g5ius1 foll[$ pres5tly by a score ( m5 ( tal5t1 noisi]1 %rill] 9 voice ?an !mselves1 prea*$ a !ory ( art new 9 ?is c\ntry1 %ock+ to our prejudices at t "t1 & import$ f "s ,fr5* arti/s & f a ,g]man philosoph]4 ,?is 0 ! doctr9e ( art = art's sake4 ,baudelaire _h writt53 8,poetry 444 has no o!r end ?an itself2 x c h no o!r1 & no poem w be s great1 s noble1 s truly wor?y ( ! "n ( a poem1 z t :i* has be5 writt5 solely = ! pleasure ( writ+ a poem40 ,:i/l]1 t butt]fly ( lett]s1 :o _h borr[$ 8 /+ f ! wasp1 direct$ x ) gay despair aga9/ ! granite face ( ! ,briti% public4 ,rossetti &1 ) c]ta9 qualifications1 ,pat]1 illu/rat$ ! !ory 9 _! practice1 z ,:i/l] did also2 & ,wilde1 a little lat] ?an !y1 rem>k$3 8,all art is q useless10 & 8,!re is no su* ?+ z a moral or an immoral book4 ,books are well writt5 or badly writt54 ,t is all40 ,) ?is doctr9e ( art = art's sake we are n[ dissatisfi$4 ,we object to x1 n = ! sake ( 8morality10 aga9/ :i* x 0 p>tly direct$1 nor yet = ! sake ( 8nature10 b = ! sake ( art1 ^: function x limits r ?an glorifies4 ,we h se5 ! s*ool ( art1 if we may speak ( a s*ool ( art1 t c>ri$ ! bann] on :i* ^? words 7 inscrib$1 tire & fall away z ! n9ete5? c5tury drew to its close1 until n[ ! tatt]$ bann]1 ) words almo/ illegible1 is c>ri$ only by a s*oolboy :o jo9$ ! procession late & m>*es on1 unconsci\s t ! p>ade is ov]1 t he is m>*+ alone1 & t nobody is look+ at him4 ,yet ! demon/ration 0 successful2 its promot]s1 :o /it*$ ! bann] ) gaiety1 hope1 & defiance1 !mselves pa9t$ & wrote f9e ?+s1 & m5 are work+ to-day ^: "w w\ld h be5 impossible if1 9 ! c\rse ( its m>*1 t small1 d>+ procession _h n walk$ sev5 times r\nd a city ( ,j]i*o & bl[n silv] trumpets "u its walls4 ,"s battle-cries are no m ?an an irrelevant b inspirit+ noise4 ,mo/ ( !m1 h[ev]1 are relat$ to some?+ f\ght =1 7,/4 ,george & ,m]ry ,engl&671 some?+ t1 x is hop$1 w sup]9t5d ! fight 7,god ) u671 or some?+ t is f\ght aga9/ 7,a bas ,m>at674 ,! knight :o %\t$1 8,two r$ roses across ! moon0 on a sultry day :5-- 8444 ! battle 0 scatt]$ f hill to hill ,f ! w9dmill to ! wat]mill40 may h be5 incompreh5sible to 8 enemies1 b 0 n incompreh5sible to himself1 & 8,art = ,art's sake60 =ty & fifty ye>s ago1 a surpris+1 r ridicul\s phrase 9 ! e>s ( ! e>ly ,victorians :o !n surviv$1 0 some?+ v diff]5t = ! m5 :o 7 fight+ to de/roy a petrifi$ m5tal attitude t[>ds art 9 g5]al4 ,we mu/ fir/ und]/& :at !y f\ght aga9/ be=e we h ! "r to speak ( ! mean+ ( _! battle-cry4 ,!y f\ght1 prim>ily1 aga9/ a moral valuation ( art4 ,!y f\ght1 secondly1 aga9/ 8nature0 444 aga9/1 t is to say1 a crude conception ( ! relation betwe5 nature & art2 aga9/1 to put t crude conception 9 its crude/ =m1 ! supposition t he :o look$ at a picture c\ld f9d some?+ 9 ! ext]nal _w1 by its resemblance to :i* ! picture %\ld be judg$4 ,x w\ld be a fasc9at+ task to %[ t ! too fai?ful imitation ( ext]nal ?+s is an imp$im5t to ! highe/ functions ( art1 &1 on ! o!r h&1 t imitation 9 "s k9d1 9 "s degree1 is an ess5tial "p ( t function4 ,b ,i d n wi% to be tempt$ into discussion ( ! true relation betwe5 art & nature1 ?\gh a solution ( t problem w1 p]haps1 sugge/ itself to ^? :o read ?is pap] to its end4 ,i am "h *iefly int]e/$ 9 art's relation to ourselves4 ,nature = ! mom5t is outside ! discussion1 ?\gh1 9 ju/ice to ! arti/s = art's sake1 ,i mu/ po9t out t _! revolt 0 n aga9/ 8morality0 alone4 ,:5 we he> ,wilde's gay proclamation t 8,life imitates ,art f> m ?an ,art imitates ,life10 we mu/ take c>e to he> also1 f ,:i/l]1 m s]i\s1 t 8,nature conta9s ! elem5ts1 9 col\r & =m1 ( all pictures1 z ! keybo>d conta9s ! notes ( all music10 & t ! arti/ 89 all t is da9ty & lovable 444 f9ds h9ts = 8 own comb9ations1 & ?us is ,nature ev] 8 res\rce & always at 8 s]vice1 & to him is n\ght refus$40 ,we mu/ n imag9e t ! revolt 0 m]ely playful4 ,aga9/ 8nature0 & aga9/ 8morality40 ,9 an age :5 ! pa9t] ( 8,d]by ,day0 assi/$ ,rusk9 by say+ t he c\ld n 8see any?+ ( ! true repres5tation ( wat] & atmosph]e 9 ! pa9t+ ( 8,batt]sea ,bridge10 !y upheld ! sup]iority ( art to 8nature40 ,9 an age :5 ,dick5s 0 prais$ = 8 re=ms ( ! workh\se & blam$ = 8 love ( l[ life1 :5 noveli/s 7 judg$ by ! de$s1 no1 by ! mann]s ( ! p]sons ( _! fiction1 :5 poets 7 judg$ by _! private lives1 !y prote/$ ! irrelevance ( all su* ?+s to ! "q at issue1 :i* 0 ! goodness or badness ( ! "w ( art to be judg$4 ,we mu/ n blame _! =mula1 b ! ideas aga9/ :i* x 0 direct$1 = ! bad mann]s1 ! morality t !y hop$ w\ld be reg>d$ z immorality1 = ! unpubli%able private lives1 t 7 ! excesses aft] victory4 ,we may1 p]haps1 smile z we obs]ve h[ accurately !y balance ^? o!r excesses aga9/ :i* !y 7 a reaction4 ,! "q1 no long] h[ to conqu]1 became h[ to use ! victory1 & we _h ! common spectacle ( vet]ans & retir$ camp-foll[]s try+ to live up to ! battle-cry ( _! y\?1 &1 unable to free !mselves f ! habit ( _! excesses1 committ+ ^! excesses ) less & less gu/o & m & m skill4 ,b skill1 ev5 s acquir$1 is n valueless4 ,! battle-cry1 aft] op5+ a primrose pa? to *>latans1 aft] turn+ 8morality0 into 8immorality0 z a spectre rul+ ov] art1 rema9$ ! /imulus to an improv$ te*nique1 a scrupul\sness1 an economy ( effect1 a delicacy 9 ! h&l+ ( mat]ial1 a c>e = melody & c\nt]po9t1 an intol]ance ( c>eless workman%ip1 = :i* = a long "t x w be our privilege to be grateful4 ,art1 h[ev]1 _c live by p]fection ( te*nique alone1 nor yet by ! repetition ( rememb]$ excesses4 ,a new g5]ation ( arti/s1 work+ 9 a new environm5t1 inspir$ by new aims1 & ?reat5$ by new dang]s1 requires a new =mula1 or a re/atem5t ( ! old4 ,^! arti/s ( our own g5]ation look at ! fad$ bann] ) ! rema9s ( rev]5ce1 or1 9 _! dislike ( ! mi/akes x made possible1 ) a suspicion ( contempt4 ,9 ! turbul5ce ( valuations 9 ?is c5tury1 9 ! diff]5t1 %>ply def9$ attitudes ( m5 on su* que/ions z prop]ty1 lab\r1 capital1 ! position ( wom5 9 ! ,/ate1 m>riage1 education1 or ! ,*ur*1 !y see a h]d ( conflict+ moralities4 ,involv$ 9 "o or o!r ( ^! conflicts1 p]haps 9 _m ( !m1 !y _c b believe1 suspect1 or hope t art also mu/ speak = or aga9/1 z tribune or z patrician1 z ,*ur*man or z secul>i/1 &1 if ! conflict be important to !m1 ! excell5ce ( an arti/ mu/ seem to be det]m9$1 at lea/ 9 "p1 by ! views t he expresses4 ,h[ !n c art 8h no?+ to d ) morality08 ,!y are1 h[ev]1 suffici5tly critical to see t x is possible t a "w ( art may be good = a democrat1 bad = an ari/ocrat1 & yet1 someh[1 good 9 itself4 ,0 !re some?+ 9 8,art = ,art's sake0 aft] all8 ,( ! m5 ^: names ,i m5tion$ 9 ! fir/ p>agraph ( ?is essay "o _h f\nd$ 8 views on ^? ( a philosoph]1 & s1 :atev] may be 8 rank among ^? dogmati/s1 we are able to exam9e ! backgr\nd ( reason+ on :i* he saw 8 own dogmatic /atem5ts4 ,x is 9 t reason+1 & n 9 ! *e]ful taunts ( ! battlefield t we are likely to le>n h[ x 0 t ! =mula ( 8,art = ,art's sake0 seem$ to be ju/ifi$1 & h[ x is t ! =mula is fundam5tally inadequate4 ,baudelaire's proclamation1 ,pat]'s practice1 ,:i/l]'s blue-fea!r$1 silv]-tipp$ d>ts po9t u to no analysis4 ,! analysis t made ,wilde's p>adoxes possible is op5 to our view 9 ! pages ( ,kant4 ,n[ ,kant said t :at 0 call$ beautiful 0 ! object ( a delight ap>t f any int]e/1 & %[$ t *>m1 or intimate ref]5ce to our own circum/ances or possible circum/ances1 s f> f be+ a crit]ion ( beauty1 0 a di/urb+ influ5ce ^u our judgm5t4 ,^u our judgm5t ( :at8 ,! beautiful4 ,h[ _m crimes has t ^w committ$1 h[ _m discussions x has obscur$1 h[ _m x has clos$ at ! v mom5t ( _! f]tility4 ,n ! lea/ ( its knav]ies has be5 ?is sub/itution ( a condition ( art = ! function ( art1 :i*1 z ,i hope to %[1 is life itself4 ,a "w ( art sugge/s ! a*ievem5t ( ! beautiful4 ,t may be its imm$iate object4 ,x is n its ultimate object4 ,x may be an ess5tial condition4 ,x is n a function4 ,art = art's sake means ! sub/itution ( condition = function1 &1 z ! beautiful c nev] be a function ( any?+1 ! implicit d5ial t art has a function at all4 8,all art is q useless40 ,b t is n :at we believe4 ,& ! reason :y ! !ori/s ( art = art's sake 7 bo? "r & wrong 0 t !y did n want art = ! sake ( any?+ irrelevant to ! arti/ic ph5om5on1 b 7 a little ung5]\s 9 _! int]pretation ( t ph5om5on4 ,!y saw t moralities1 private lives1 re=ms1 int]e/s1 _h no?+ to d ) ! attempt$ a*ievem5t ( ! condition ( ! beautiful1 b1 hav+ se5 t1 =got1 9 _! hurry = battle1 t ! "w ( art p]si/s beyond ?is a*ievem5t or attempt$ a*ievem5t2 =got t1 w he nill he1 ! arti/'s "w _c b be> ! impress ( 8 p]sonality1 & =got t ?r\gh t fact all ! ?+s !y wi%$ to rule out ( ! discussion _h _! rightful place 9 x4 ,! "q is1 :at is _! rightful place8 ,& to answ] x we mu/ fir/ satisfy ourselves z to ! nature ( ! arti/ic ph5om5on4 ,a "w ( art is a collaboration betwe5 two arti/s1 :om1 = purposes ( ref]5ce1 ,i %all call ! speak] & ! li/5]4 ,b1 be=e x is a collaboration1 a re-creation1 9 :i* =m we commonly "k x1 x is an indep5d5t act p]=m$ by ! speak] alone4 ,he1 z fir/ creator1 isolates "s f ! flux ( impressions 9 :i* he lives4 ,x is z if he 7 to arre/ t flux1 & mom5t>ily to /op its fl[4 ,he holds back ! sun & ! moon 9 _! c\rses1 &1 = a mom5t1 ! _w /&s motionless be=e him1 embodi$ 9 ! dom9at+ impressions giv5 him by a s+le mom5t ( its & 8 exi/5ce4 ,?is "o mom5t he dis5tangles f all o!rs2 ! _w1 ! univ]se1 at t mom5t1 = him1 he fa%ions into a memory1 cle>] ?an life1 & ow+ its cl>ity to 8 refusal to all[ x to h a be=e or an aft]1 an above or a bel[1 o!r ?an ^? :i* itself implies4 ,he isolates t mom5t ) its implications4 ,! result+ cl>ity is z if he _h sudd5ly /opp$ ! cross-curr5ts ( a /ream1 & ! /ream1 los+ ! opaqu5ess ( its tangl$ motion1 _h become cry/al4 ,he isolates t mom5t by surr\nd+ x ) 8 own consci\sness1 :ile o!r mom5ts fly pa/ tak+ ) !m %r$s ( t tatt]$ veil1 no m4444 ,!re is a *oice ( mom5ts1 & because ! *oice is n reasonable1 b det]m9$ by ! mom5t itself1 ! speak] feels himself inspir$4 ,t :i* attracts him1 s$uces him1 compels him to cat* x z x passes & hold x fa/1 in/ead ( lett+ x break free & jo9 ! myriad o!rs ) _! wor?less trophies ( incomplete compreh5sion1 is a mom5t ^: impressions pres5t !mselves z melody1 ge/ure1 words1 %ape1 or ord]$ col\r1 or ! promise ( su*4 ,two b>s are he>d z x goes by1 a significant arm sw+s out ( ! flood1 a jumble ( words1 l ^? ( a sleep]1 />tle 8 m9d1 ! gho/ ( an unpa9t$ picture wakes 8 eyes4444 ,^! ?+s are pl$ges4 ,he seizes !m &1 w>ily1 le/ he lose !m1 li/5s = ! re/ ( ! melody1 wat*fully draws out ( ! flood ! figure ^: ge/ure _h seem$ to be ! mom5t itself1 pieces ! brittle words toge!r1 & %apes ! picture 9 8 bra94 ,he all[s ! mom5t to r$eem ! pl$ge x has giv51 8 c>e be+ n to imp$e x by =e/all+ its fur!r appe>ance ) some?+ contradictory to ! orig9al fragm5t1 some?+ t ! "* ( t fragm5t has n det]m9$4 ,he seeks only to be true to ! orig9al promise1 & ! good arti/ is kn[n by ! fact t x is impossible to tell ) :at he began1 ! bad arti/ by ! fragm5t he has surr\nd$ ) bas] metal t does n r+ ) its note1 or ! phantom ^: vitality he has blurr$ by clo?+ x ) fle% un9=m$ by its peculi> vitality4 ,! process ( ! speak] 9 ! fir/ creation ( a "w ( art is a process ( f9d+ out4 ,he is engag$ 9 kn[+ ! utt]mo/ implications ( ! fragm5t ( impression caught by him f ! flux ( unconsci\s or semi-consci\s life4 ,he is mak+ ! :ole ( t impression 8 own by 8 pr(\nd1 8 complete consci\sness ( x4 ,t is :y ! arti/ c nev] und]/& ^? p1 n arti/s1 :o ask him h[ he c pref] art to life2 imitation to ! real ?+4 ,he _c believe t su* p mean :at !y say4 ,9 8 humility he assumes t !y too h ! mode/y to admit to !mselves t _! life is unconsci\s1 or semi-consci\s1 & he believes t ?is process ( kn[+1 ( becom+ consci\s1 is ! int5se/ =m ( liv+ t !re is4 ,!n1 :5 ! "w ( art is z we "k x1 we1 ! li/5]1 collaborate ) t o!r arti/1 ! speak]1 & f :at he has said1 9 /one1 music1 pa9t or words1 try to recon/ruct ! fragm5t ( life t he has made 8 own & to %>e 8 consci\sness ( x4 ,accurately speak+1 ?is is impossible4 ,we become consci\s ( a mom5t ( life diff]5t f 84 ,we _c give 8 words ! precise atmosph]e !y _h = him1 we _c see ) exactly 8 eyes1 or he> ) 8 e>s1 we are )\t 8 private & individual memory4 ,we c b be inaccurate translators4 ,we c1 h[ev]1 p]ceive1 unc]ta9ly1 t he has be5 successful himself 9 all[+ a mom5t ( life to r$eem ! pl$ge x _h giv5 him1 t 8 "w does n contradict itself1 & s is true to ! orig9al inspiration b$d$ 9 x or clo!d by x4 ,& ?is p]ception sugge/s to u t1 if x 7 possible1 we %\ld f9d1 c]ta9ly1 :at we already believe1 t 8 %>e 9 ! collaboration is p]fect4 ,we !n say t a "w ( art is beautiful2 ! wi/fulness ) :i* we sometimes say x1 ! te>s t sometimes dim our eyes z we close a book or turn f a picture t we believe to be beautiful1 & ! sadness t has (t5 be5 associat$ ) ! "n ( beauty1 are due to ! half-consci\s k t our %>e 9 ! collaboration is imp]fect1 s9ce we c nev] /& exactly :]e he /ood4 ,our judgm5t ( ! beautiful !n dep5ds on our belief t1 7 c]ta9 unalt]able facts alt]$ 9 ! con/itution ( ! univ]se & ( ourselves1 we %\ld be %>+ a p]fect expression1 an expression1 t is to say1 9 p]fect unity ) itself4 ,art !n = art's sake1 p]fection ( expression fir/4 ,b :at is ?is expression 9 p]fect unity ) itself1 b a mom5t ( consci\s liv+1 isolat$ f all else1 lift$ f ! unconsci\s flux & giv5 u--to live8 ,let u rewrite ! half-oblit]at$ =mula4 ,let u write x n[3 ,art = ,life's sake1 & raise a p>ty cry f its mom5t>y usefulness into a pr\d sugge/ion ( ! noble function ( art4 ,?is function is n m]ely to tea* u h[ to act1 z 0 suppos$ by ! old critics1 :o recomm5d$ ,hom] = ! h]oism ( 8 h]oes1 ?\gh1 z we %all see1 !y 7 n :olly wrong1 nor yet m]ely to tea* u h[ to ord] our lives1 ?\gh x may d t by sugge/ion4 ,art is itself life4 ,its function is to increase our consci\sness ( life1 to make u m ?an wise or s5sitive1 to trans=m u f be+s ov]:elm$ by ! p[]ful /ream ( unconsci\s liv+ to be+s dom9at+ t /ream1 to *ange u f objects act$ ^u by life to joyful collaborators 9 t reaction4 ,by its means we become consci\s ga9]s by life's procreative activity4 ,no long] hid+ our faces f t muddi$ /orm t sweeps irresi/ibly f ! future to ! pa/1 a m$ley ( confus$ figures1 a babel ( cries ( joy1 ( laught]1 ( sorr[1 ( pa91 by its means we lift our heads1 &1 le>n+ f ! isolation ( mom5ts 9 et]nity1 to imag9e ! isolation ( all su* mom5ts1 we conqu] t /orm1 & accept pa91 joy1 laught] or sorr[1 ) equal gratitude1 9 our cont9ually realis$ desire to feel ourselves alive4 ,let u exam9e f ?is po9t ( view ! fundam5tal qu>rel betwe5 ! !ori/s ( 8,art = ,art's sake0 & ! morali/s4 ,:at are _! respective beliefs8 ,! ,morali/4--,! noble/ end ( be+ is to be good4 ,all human activities mu/ s]ve ?is end or be p]nici\s4 ,art1 ! mo/ eloqu5t1 ! mo/ p[]ful ( plead]s1 _c1 )\t violat+ ! tru/ t humanity puts 9 h]1 turn devil's advocate4 ,let ! arti/ be z skilful an arti/ z he c1 b let him make a "r use ( 8 excell5ce4 ,9 peace we ask no m ( a good %ot ?an t he hit ! bull's eye ( a t>get4 ,b we live 9 times ( w> betwe5 ! ho/s ( good & ( evil4 ,! fight is to ! dea?1 & we admire ! good %ot if he fire f among ! ranks ( angels1 & fe> him if we see t 8 skill is at ! s]vice ( our oppon5ts1 :o 9 age-long battle h %[n !mselves m]ciless & /rong4 ,! ,arti/ = ,art's sake4--,morality 9 art is an accid5t ( no importance4 ,we he> ! battle ( :i* y speak1 b d n take "p 9 x1 ?\gh we li/5 sometimes to ! music ( its trumpets f> away1 & see ! r$ gl[ x ?r[s up to ! sky4 ,b morality conc]ns our circum/ances or possible circum/ances1 & s has no?+ to d ) ! beautiful1 :i* is art's sole conc]n4 ,a "w ( art t decl>es its sympa?y ) "o or o!r p>ty to y\r battle is "o ^: creator has look$ aside to ends o!r ?an beauty4 ,x is !re=e a failure z a "w ( art4 ,art mu/ n be limit$ to edify+ subjects4 ,!re is no?+ t may n become beautiful 9 ! h&s ( an arti/4 ,*ur* & lupan>1 angel & c\rtesan1 are ( equal value 9 8 eyes4 ,!y are mat]ial1 no m1 & he w n tol]ate t morality %\ld hamp] him by dictat+ ! *oice or use ( 8 mat]ial4 ,a "w ( art is indep5d5t ( morality4 ,to ^! two we reply1 believ+ t art is = life's sake4--,:5 a man tells y t 8 "w ( art has no?+ to d ) morality1 ask him1 ,) ^: morality has x no?+ to d8 ,he w be compell$ to admit t ! morality ( :i* he is ?9k+ is ! morality he attributes to somebody else4 ,morality is a code ( values1 diff]+ 9 ea* individual1 & dictat$ to ea* individual by 8 "* & 8 environm5t4 ,no arti/1 no human be+1 escapes morality1 & ! code ( values t is 8 w be "o ( ! det]m9+ influ5ces on an arti/'s vision ( life4 ,if1 p]*ance1 he is s uncritical z to believe t he has no?+ to d ) morality1 t belief w itself %>e 9 giv+ 8 "w a moral value4 ,!re is no escape f morality 9 art4 ,if1 !re=e1 we *oose to consid] ourselves z "o ( a b& ( p ^: moralities are m or less simil>1 & to reg>d _! av]age morality1 _! av]age code ( values z important1 we %all be p]fectly ju/ifi$ 9 judg+ art by :at we suppose to be its effect on t av]age morality4 ,b we mu/ n =get t we are !n reg>d+ arti/s z a regim5t f :i* we are engag$ 9 pick+ out ! traitors & ! loyali/s--& t x is a regim5t ^: imm$iate bus9ess is n w>1 a regim5t :i* does n "k t x is enli/$4 ,let u n[ consid] ! nature ( ! moral influ5ce :i* ! speak] ex]ts ^u ! li/5]4 ,x w n be surpris+ if we f9d t x has a direct be>+ ^u ! po9t "u discussion4 ,! arti/ ^: act ( consci\s liv+ is ! "w ( art _c alt] 8 p]sonality )\t disloyalty to ! mom5t ( life t "u 8 h&s is simultane\sly becom+ consci\s & becom+ expression4 ,8 p]sonality1 & ) x 8 morality1 is already involv$2 any di%one/y blurs 8 vision1 & ! cry/al ^: increas+ cl>ity 0 8 delight becomes = ev] opaque4 ,"h & n[h]e else mu/ we f9d ! orig9 ( ! arti/'s di/ru/ ( morality4 ,he means by x n 8morality10 b any morality o!r ?an 8 own at ! "t ( arti/ic creation or kn[+4 ,a "w ( art is always ! expression ( a morality1 ! morality ( its creator at ! mom5t :5 he began its creation1 a morality t has ceas$ to exi/1 s9ce its creator has be5 *ang$ to a great] or less degree by ! v fact ( its creation4 ,return+ to our metaphor ( speak] & li/5]1 we may say t ! li/5]1 :o tries z ne>ly z possible to %>e ! mom5t ( consci\s life t 0 ! speak]'s1 to /& :]e he /ood1 & ?9k :at he ?\ght1 does1 9 contemplation ( ! "w ( art1 %>e to "s ext5t 9 ! morality1 t mom5t>y morality we h describ$1 ( ano!r man4 ,besides ?is fundam5tal morality ( a "w ( art1 x may hold o!r moralities :i* are also n )\t _! influ5ce4 ,codes ( values may !mselves be ! mat]ial ( arti/ic creation4 ,a code ( values =eign to ! speak] may ent] into ! mom5t ( consci\s life t is 8 "w ( art4 ,plato & ,socrates 7 diff]5t m5 ) diff]5t moralities4 ,! ,socrates ( ,plato's ,dialogues1 h[ev] ,platoniz$1 is n ,plato1 &1 z well z ! fundam5tal morality ( ^? dialogues1 ! morality ( ^? spee*es :i* are suppos$ to be ,socratic has its sep>ate influ5ce ^u u4 ,anatole ,france plays ) ! ,abb ,jrme ,coign>d1 & ) ,jacques ,t\rnebro*e1 & beside ! morality ( ,la ,rtiss]ie de la ,re9e ,pdauque we are (f]$ ^! o!r moralities includ$ 9 x & rul$ by x4 ,!re w\ld seem to be little else b morality 9 art1 & its influ5ce w\ld seem to be s l>gely z to be almo/ exclusively moral4 ,b obs]ve :at actually happ5s4 ,h y n notic$1 9 read+ a book1 t y ins5sibly pick out & (f] to y\r dige/ion ^? ( ! accid5tal moralities 9 x t seem to be c\s9s ( y\r own4 ,y l+] ov] ! say+s ( ,coign>d1 if y feel t 9 "s mood or o!r y c\ld h said !m4 ,y accept ) gratitude ! follies1 ! hum\rs ( ,m4 ,b]g]et1 if y recognise 9 him a k9%ip1 h[ev] di/ant1 ) y\rself4 ,9 li/5+ to a play y side1 at lea/ 9 simpl] moods1 ) ! "* ^: code ( values approximates to t by :i* y are 9 ! habit ( weigh+ y\r actions & ^? ( o!rs4 ,^! m9or judgm5ts are indep5d5t ( y\r judgm5t ( ! "w ( art1 ?\gh "h too a simil> in/9ct bids y pref] ^? arti/s 9 :om y recognise1 let u say1 ! full developm5t ( "s "o possibility t y\r p]sonality conta9s4 ,&1 s9ce our temp]am5t ?us picks & *ooses among ! moralities t art (f]s1 because x is l ,p>acelsus' al*emi/1 situate 9 ! /oma* ( man1 dige/+ ! food t is good = him & reject+ ! poison1 art does n s mu* alt] our morality z increase our consci\sness ( x4 ,x is an individualis+ influ5ce on morality1 ess5tially ho/ile to ! av]ag+ ( codes ( values4 ,x seeks uniqu5ess1 n uni=mity1 & s does n s mu* spread moralities abroad z *]i% & gr[ to _! full /r5g? ! moralities x f9ds among its li/5]s4 ,9 ?is s5t5ce ! morali/s & ! arti/s = art's sake come to an und]/&+4 ,leav+ n[ ! "q ( its moral influ5ce1 let me give an example1 ( ! simple/ nature1 to %[ :at ,i mean by ! consci\s liv+ t is art4 ,i f9d "o 9 ! foll[+ exquisite poem1 8,! ,happy ,*ild10 by ,william ,davies3 8,i saw ?is day sweet fl[]s gr[ ?ick1 ,b n "o l ! *ild did pick4 ,i he>d ! pack-h\nds 9 gre5 p>k1 ,b n "o l ! *ild he>d b>k4 ,i he>d ?is day bird aft] bird1 ,b n "o l ! *ild has he>d4 ,a hundr$ butt]flies saw ,i1 ,b n "o l ! *ild saw fly4 ,i saw ! horses roll 9 grass1 ,b no horse l ! *ild saw pass4 ,my _w ?is day has lovely be51 ,b n l :at ! *ild has se540 ,rossetti believ$ t 8,poetry %\ld seem to ! he>] to h be5 always pres5t to 8 ?\ght1 b nev] be=e he>d10 & ! /atem5t t ?is has be5 accompli%$ 7s j1 sometimes1 is popul> in/9ct7 is ! commone/ praise accord$ to individual works ( art4 ,_m ( ,mr4 ,davies' read]s mu/ h said1 rightly1 b1 critically speak+1 ) imp]fect accuracy1 8,n[ t expresses :at ,i h always felt40 ,!y %\ld h said1 8,t enables me to feel :at ,i always c\ld h felt40 ,= !y h nev] truly felt x4 ,t wi/ful1 regretful mom5t1 n[ articulate1 0 c>ri$ unhappily pa/ !m 9 ! g5]al flux ( incompletely consci\s life4 ,!y suspect$ a possibility ( feel+ some?+1 ( kn[+ :at !y dimly felt1 b x elud$ !m 9 ! tangl$ curr5ts ( ! /ream1 & !y did n deta9 x1 "k x1 & make x "p ( !mselves4 ,mr4 ,davies has n s all[$ x to escape2 he w>ily nett$ x 9 8 consci\sness1 le>nt x accurately & fully1 & wrote t poem1 ?us isolat+ x = ev] f unconsci\sness4 ,& we1 read+ ^? words1 collaborate ) him 9 ! re-creation ( ! "w ( art = ^: notation !y s]ve1 &1 ) our memories beh9d u1 n 81 ourselves w9 out ( ! riv] ( unconsci\sness su* a mom5t1 diff]5t a little f 81 our own1 fill$ delicately ) our vitality1 & giv+ u1 = ! vitality we h giv5 x1 an increas$ consci\sness ( ! life t is 9 ourselves4 ,! consci\s life ( art does n imply :at is kn[n ) contempt z self-consci\sness1 :i* means a hamp]+ inability to =get n self b o!r p's eyes4 ,x implies a new read+ ( ! ,delphic comm&1 4 ,x does n mean ,"k ?y op9ions only1 nor yet1 ,"k :at are ?y desires1 b ,"k ?y life1 n ?y biography b ?y liv+1 ?9e innum]able acts ( life4 ,i took my example f a %ort poem ( extreme simplicity1 &1 z ,i h aga9 & aga9 9 ?is essay spok5 ( 8mom5ts0 ( consci\s life1 a scrupul\s read] might well conclude t ,i conc]n$ myself only ) :at is commonly kn[n z lyrical art1 or t ,i %\ld pres5tly (f] a pro( ( ,croce's !ory t all art is ess5tially lyrical4 ,i agree ) ,croce1 & p]haps g fur!r ?an he 9 believ+1 = reasons ) :i* ,i w n burd5 ?is discussion1 t all lyricism 9 art is dramatic1 9 t x involves a dramatic conception ( himself by ! au?or4 ,8 c>e is1 t 8 creation %all be :olly det]m9$ by "o mom5t1 n by a s]ies1 & = ?is reason1 he is compell$ z he works to ref] cont9ually to himself z he 0 at t mom5t4 ,= if a "w ( art 7 to be repres5tative ( m ?an "o mom5t1 x w\ld be repres5tative ( m ?an "o man4 ,x w\ld n be homog5e\s1 & c\ld n be beautiful4 ,?is applies n only to a song or a picture1 b to ^? works ( art :i* are 9 appe>ance ! mo/ elaborate1 ! lea/ uni=m1 ! lea/ det]m9$ by a s+le mom5t4 ,a play1 ^: read+ or p]=mance may occupy h\rs1 dur+ :i* a numb] ( *>act]s :om we accept provisionally z human1 z sep>ate entities1 live imag9>y lives be=e u1 is1 no less ?an a song1 ! result ( becom+ completely consci\s ( a s+le mom5t4 ,! duration ( ! read+ is 9 no way affect$ by ! duration ( ! mom5t ( life t set ! au?or play+ ) 8 m>ionettes4 ,a mom5t ( life su* z w\ld1 = a poet1 become articulate 9 a song1 may require f a playwright t he repres5t x to himself 9 p]sons talk+1 a cla% ( p]sonalities1 a break+ ( p]sonalities by de/9y1 a s]ies ( ev5ts explicable )9 itself1 n resembl+ any "o mom5t ( 8 life1 b 9 _! totality repres5t+ 8 means ( kn[+ a mom5t1 & ! means he (f]s u :]eby1 z ne>ly z we may1 we %all %>e t kn[+4 ,:5 a play is n ! arti/'s le>n+ a mom5t ( 8 own life1 x is m]e scaffold+1 resembl+ a build+ at dusk1 or at a sudd5 fir/ sight1 b pres5tly f\nd out to be empty & fraudul5t1 :5 ) contempt we leave x to oblivion4 ,passage ( "t1 intricacy ( con/ruction1 app>5t multiplicity ( imag9$ lives d n affect ! "q4 ,john ,masefield did n by a sudd5 ef=t ( g5ius conceive 8,nan10 sc5es1 p]sons1 & dialogue 9 a mom5t4 ,"o mom5t1 h[ev]1 det]m9$ its conception1 & impli$ all t is 9 ! play4 ,let me1 ) def]5ce1 sugge/ :at may h happ5$4 ,he he>d a /ory t affect$ him ) a mixture ( emotions4 ,if he _h n be5 an arti/1 he w\ld probably h done no m ?an repeat ! /ory to o!rs z x 0 told to him1 & wond] idly if x produc$ ! same mixture ( emotions 9 !m4 ,in/ead1 he l+]$ ) x1 & let ! unconsci\s flux fl[ on unobs]v$ :ile he brood$ ov] ?is "o emotional mom5t1 becom+ m & m cle>ly consci\s ( ! emotions x conta9$ z !y1 9 ! =mative processes ( 8 m9d1 came to be repres5t$ by p]sons & actions & words4 ,8 m9d 0 n mak+ b discov]+1 foll[+ ! implications ( ! orig9al emotional mom5t1 c>eful only to be true to t1 & reject+ pr(f]$ repres5tations solely on acc\nt ( _! inaccuracy4 ,8 skill 0 %[n only 9 s deal+ ) ! flood ( repres5tations t no "o p>ticle ( x %\ld contradict ano!r1 %\ld hamp] ! full realisation ( t mom5t4 ,8 greatness 0 %[n 9 ! pr(undity ) :i* he realis$ t mom5t1 & ! dep? to :i* he c\ld foll[ its implications4 ,!re91 by ! way1 is sugge/$ ! crit]ion ( greatness t is conta9$ 9 ! doctr9e t art is = life's sake4 ,! !ory ( art = art's sake left its hold]s at a loss be=e ! "q 8,is no man great] ?an ano!r1 if 8 works are beautiful1 if he is an equally skilful arti/80 ,!y knew t he 01 b _! !ory c\ld n tell !m :y1 & !y _h to take refuge 9 cynicism4 ,! !ory ( art = 8morality's0 sake 0 no m satisfy+4 ,x sugge/$ t ! greate/ arti/ 0 he :o prea*$ ! mo/ good1 & s left its hold]s 9 spee*less difficulty be=e a comp>ison ( ,rossetti & ,dr4 ,watts4 ,! !ory ( art = life's sake has a cle> answ]1 & (f]s a valid te/4 ,t man is ! greate/ arti/ :o makes u ! mo/ pr(\ndly consci\s ( life4 ,%akespe>e is set above ,h]rick1 :o 0 a bett] te*nician1 & ,leon>do above ,murillo1 :o pa9t$ m devotional subjects1 on gr\nds ) :i* m51 nei!r z arti/s nor z morali/s1 ne$ qu>rel4 ,art = ,art's sake 0 a battle-cry1 &1 to und]/& x1 we _h to und]/& :at ^? :o us$ x f\ght4 ,art = ,life's sake is also a battle-cry1 ?\gh x includes 9 ^? f\r words a sugge/ion n only ( ! function ( art b ( its nature4 ,let u review ! enemies we attack ) ^? words ^u our lips4 ,:at d we fight aga9/8 ,:at are ! misund]/&+s :i* 9 our "t enc\rage ! production ( false1 ( second>y art1 & obscure ! excell5ce ( ! f9e/8 ,we fight fir/ aga9/ a political valuation ( art1 t imag9es poetry1 pictures & music z auxili>ies 9 ! recon/ruction or cons]vation ( ! /ate1 & judges !m by _! effici5cy z political pamphlets4 ,we fight secondly aga9/ an educational valuation ( art1 t judges works ( art by ! accuracy ( ! facts !y happ5 to embody1 ! accuracy ( ! pictures !y pa9t ( ?is or t =m ( life1 ! cle>ness ) :i* !y illu/rate g5]alisations4 ,we fight ?irdly aga9/ ! valuation ( art by its te*nical skill1 by ! beauty t is a univ]sal condition ( its be+4 ,^! ?+s _c af=d a scale ( comp>ison = works ( art1 b only a gu>antee t !y are wor?y ( judgm5t4 ,we %\ld n fight aga9/ ?is valuation if x %[$ itself 9 practice capable ( s useful an (fice4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 n suffici5tly selective1 b all[s itself to be trick$ by ?+s built 9 imitation ( p]fect build+1 ?+s ^: =m is n id5tical ) _! cont5t1 ?+s :i* manife/ m skill ?an vitality4 ,?is1 our old ally1 s9ce x made our battle possible1 is n[ our subtle/ enemy4 ,our battle is f> f be+ easy1 = we fight n to kill b to make captive1 & x is easi] & saf] to fight to kill4 ,we fight n to de/roy ^? valuations1 b to de/roy _! pre-em95ce4 ,recognis+ 7#a7 t a "w ( art has a political1 comp>able to its moral1 influ5ce1 7#b7 t x always embodies k1 7#c7 t x is no?+ if x does n wake 9 u ! feel+ t we are ne> ! a*ievem5t ( ! beautiful1 we wi% to d5y none ( ^! facts1 b to prev5t any "o ( !m f be+ tak5 z ! f\ndation ( a crit]ion ( art4 ,we wi% to set ov] !m a crit]ion ( art t %all include !m all4 ,above te*nique1 above op9ion1 above in=mation1 we set life1 ( ! special k9d t is "h describ$1 ^: consci\s vitality is to unconsci\s vitality :at liv+ is to exi/5ce4 ,:at1 !n1 d we ask ourselves aft] exp]i5c+ a "w ( art4 ,we ask "o ?+ only1 ?\gh1 p]haps1 9 _m =ms3 ,has x giv5 u an increas$ consci\sness ( life1 or has x m]ely _h 9 view "o or o!r ( ^? valuations ^: supreme au?ority we reject8 ,is its title to ! "n ( art m]ely t x is an illu/ration ( a doctr9e t has elb[$ out ! doctr9e x illu/rates1 m]ely t x gives u a cle> idea h[ "s p live1 m]ely t x has a sk9-deep appe>ance ( unity8 ,or is x a piece ( consci\s life1 sep>at$ wat*fully f ! flux ( liv+1 a piece ( kn[+ c>ri$ out by ! arti/1 :i* we are all[$ to %>e8 ,does x give u a new possession by mak+ u aw>e ( some?+ we possess4 ,we d n ask an arti/ = op9ions1 = facts1 = skill1 alone4 ,we h ! "r to ask = m4 ,we ask him = ourselves2 we ask him = life4 8,poetry enri*es ! blood ( ! _w0 by ! practice x af=ds ( liv+ consci\sly4 ,va9 le>n+1 op9ion1 skill1 impov]i% x4 ,we ask f an arti/ opportunities ( consci\s liv+1 :i*1 tak5 z !y come1 multiply ! possibilities ( _! recurr5ce1 turn u into arti/s1 & help u to contract ! habit ( be+ alive4 #aiab4 ,,aloysius ,,b]tr&3 ,a ,,romantic ,,( #ahcj ,,aloysius ,,b]tr&3 ,a ,,romantic ,,( #ahcj ,9 ! preface to ,petits ,pomes en ,prose1 ,baudelaire makes respectful ref]5ce to a little-kn[n book3 8,j'ai une petite confession v\s faire4 ,c'e/ en feuilletant p\r la v+time fois au mo9s1 le fameux ,gasp>d de la ,nuit1 d',aloysius ,b]tr& 7un livre connu de v\s1 de moi et de quelques-uns de nos amis1 n'a-t-il pas t\s les droits tre appel fameux871 que l'ide m'e/ v5ue de t5t] quelque *ose d'analogue1 et d'appliqu] la description de la vie mod]ne1 ou plutot d'une vie mod]ne et plus ab/raite1 le procd qu'il avait appliqu la pe9ture de la vie anci5ne1 si trangem5t pittoresque40 ,he speaks ( ,b]tr& z 8mon my/rieux et brillant modle10 ?\gh1 rememb]+ ! tea*+ ( ,poe1 he adds t he is a%am$ to h made some?+ s diff]5t f ,gasp>d de la ,nuit1 s9ce he holds t ! highe/ hon\r ( a poet is to accompli% exactly :at he set out to p]=m4 ,a writ] :o wrote prose poems good en\gh to be read 8tw5ty times at lea/0 by ,baudelaire1 good en\gh to sugge/ an imitation1 a writ] b = :om ! ,petits ,pomes en ,prose w\ld n h be5 writt51 or w\ld h be5 writt5 diff]5tly1 is m ?an a lit]>y curiosity4 ,i 0 l$ to exam9e 8 book1 &1 pres5tly1 to f9d an int]e/ 9 ! man himself z well z 9 8 accompli%m5t4 ,m4 ,anatole ,france 0 good en\gh to direct me 9 my se>* = in=mation4 ,my fri5d1 ,m4 ,*ampion1 ( ! ,quai ,malaquais1 g5]\sly put 8 bibliographical k at my disposal4 ,! files ( =gott5 magaz9es & newspap]s & essays by ,sa9te-,beuve1 ,*>les ,assel9eau1 & ,m4 ,leon ,s* comb9$ to build 9 my m9d a portrait ( ?is picturesque & luckless ,romantic1 a portrait bli/]$ "h & !re1 oblit]at$ 9 pat*es1 b n )\t vitality4 99 99 99 99 99 ,l\is-,jacques-,napoleon ,b]tr&1 :o took ! "n ( ,ludovic & lat] pref]r$ t ( ,aloysius1 0 born on ,april #bj1 #ahjg1 at ,cva1 9 ,pi$mont4 ,hugo 0 born 9 #ahjb1 & ,gauti] 9 #ahaa4 ,he 0 a *ild ( t old grey-hair$ army ( :i* ,musset speaks 9 ! ,confession d'un ,enfant du ,sicle4 ,8 "m 0 an ,italian1 8 fa!r a ,fr5*man ( ,lorra9e1 an old soldi] describ$ by 8 son1 9 a fi]y lett] to a newspap] :i* _h insult$ him1 z 8only a patriot ( #aghi1 only an (fic] ( =tune1 :o at eighte5 ru%$ to p\r out 8 blood on ! banks ( ! ,rh9e1 &1 at fifty1 c\nt$ ?irty ye>s ( s]vice1 n9e campaigns1 & six w\nds40 ,at ! age ( sev5 ! "y ,b]tr& 0 br\ght to ,france4 ,he grew up at ,dijon1 le>n$ 9 y\? ( ! great ?+s t 7 be+ done 9 ,p>is1 & read ,hugo1 ,nodi]1 ,h(fmann1 & ,scott1 all ( :om help$ him to turn ! mod]n ,dijon into a m$ival city ( dreams4 ,e>ly 9 #ahbh1 a few "y m5 ( ,dijon f\nd$ a newspap]1 ,le ,prov9cial1 to be a m\?piece = _! enlight5$ g5]ation4 ,x endur$ = a few mon?s1 & ,b]tr& contribut$ prose & v]se to x1 includ+ a fir/ draft ( a prose poem t1 9 a mu* alt]$ =m1 0 pr9t$ 9 ,gasp>d de la ,nuit4 ,! pap] 0 n unnotic$ 9 ,p>is1 & :5 x di$ & ,b]tr& left ,dijon = ! capital1 he f\nd "s doors already op5 to him4 ,he 0 tw5ty-"o1 p5niless1 ) rolls ( manuscript 9 8 pocket1 & a %y eag]ness to read al\d f !m4 ,two portraits ( him rema91 "o by ,sa9te-,beuve & ! o!r by ,victor ,pavie4 ,sa9te-,beuve describes him z 8444 a tall1 ?9 "y man ( tw5ty-"o1 ) a yell[ & br[n complexion1 v lively little black eyes1 a face mock+ & %>p )\t d\bt1 r wret*$ p]haps1 & a long1 sil5t laugh4 ,he seem$ timid1 or r uncivilis$44440 ,victor ,pavie says3 8,8 awkw>d walk1 8 incorrect & unsophi/icat$ co/ume1 8 lack ( balance & ( aplomb1 betray$ t he _h newly escap$ f ! prov9ces4 ,"o div9$ ! poet 9 ! ill-re/ra9$ fire ( 8 timid & w&]+ eyes4 ,z = ! expression ( 8 face1 a l(ty ta/e = beauty 0 comb9$ 9 x ) a some:at uncivilis$ taciturnity44440 ,beside ^! pictures let me pr9t ,b]tr&'s portrait ( ! imag9>y ,gasp>d de la ,nuit3 8,a poor devil ^: ext]ior ann\nc$ no?+ b pov]ty & suff]+4 ,i _h already notic$ 9 ! g>d5 8 fray$ ov]coat1 button$ to ! *91 8 %apeless hat t nev] bru% _h bru%$1 8 hair long z a weep+-will[1 comb$ l a ?icket1 8 fle%less h&s l ossu>ies1 8 mock+1 wret*$1 & sickly face2 & my conjectures _h *>itably plac$ him among ^? it9]ant arti/s1 viol9-play]s & portrait-pa9t]s1 :om an insatiable hung] & an unqu5*able ?ir/ condemn to travel ! _w 9 ! foot/eps ( ! ,w&]+ ,jew44440 ,x is diff]5t f ! portraits ( himself1 b n m diff]5t ?an w\ld be su* a ,g]manicis$ c>icature z might h be5 made by ,h(fmann4 ,b]tr&'s life 9 ,p>is 0 hidd5 f ! celebrat$ m5 :om he met at ,nodi]'s ev5+ receptions & 9 ,sa9te-,beuve's /udy4 ,he %[$ himself = a mom5t1 recit$ "s ( 8 v]ses 8d'une voix sautillante10 & disappe>$4 ,he _h no money1 & probably suff]$ f t lack ( confid5ce :i* c only be remov$ by a bank+ acc\nt4 ,sa9te-,beuve1 :o saw him two or ?ree times & gave him a copy ( ! ,consolations1 ) ! inscription 8,mon ami ,b]tr&10 speaks ( him ?read+ lonely /reets ) ! air ( ,pi]re ,gr+oire1 ! out-at-elb[s poet ( ,notre ,dame de ,p>is4 ,he pa9ts :at mu/ be an imag9>y portrait ( ! "y & p5niless g5ius lean+ on ! w9d[-sill ( 8 g>ret1 8talk+ = long h\rs ) ! pale gillifl[]s ( ! ro(40 ,unable to e>n a liv+ 9 ,p>is1 he w5t back to ,dijon 9 #ahcj1 :]e he contribut$ to a ,lib]al newspap]1 ,le ,patriote de la ,cte-d',or4 ,9 spite ( 8 pov]ty1 8 blood 0 "y & pr\d1 & z he walk$ ! /reets ( ,dijon he mu/ h felt himself a repres5tative ( t exub]ant "y ,p>isian manhood t 0 putt+ ,h]nani on ! /age & s5d+ ,mademoiselle de ,maup9 to ! press4 ,a rival pap] je]$ at him1 & he 0 able to reply3 8,je prfre vos dda9s vos suffrages10 & to quote a lett] f ,victor ,hugo to expla9 8 indep5d5ce4 ,hugo _h writt53 8,je lis vos v]s en c]cle d'amis1 comme je lis ,&r ,*5i]1 ,lam>t9e et ,alfr$ de ,vigny3 il e/ impossible de possd] un plus haut po9t les secrets de la facture40 ,) su* a te/imonial 9 8 pocket he ne$ n c>e = ! scorn or ! approval ( a prov9cial j\rnali/4 ,at ?is "t 8 ,lib]alism 0 z ard5t z 8 y\?4 ,assel9eau quotes a fi]y article pray+ = w>1 bloody w>1 aga9/ ! ,holy ,alliance3 8,x is "t to ?r[ ! dice on a drum2 &1 %\ld we all p]i%1 ! hon\r ( ,france & ( lib]ty %all p]i% n40 ,b1 z 0 n unnatural1 he pres5tly left ,france & lib]ty to take c>e ( !mselves1 &1 full ( new plans = lit]>y a*ievem5t1 return$ hopefully to ,p>is1 :]e he 0 jo9$ by 8 "m & si/]4 ,he 0 aga9 unable to e>n a liv+4 ,! la/ l9es ( a pite\s lett] writt5 to ,anto9e de ,lat\r 9 ,septemb] #ahcc1 %[ h[ mis]able 0 8 condition3 8,si je te disais que je suis au po9t de n'avoir bi5tt plus de *aussures1 que ma r$+ote e/ ue1 je t'appr5drais l le d]ni] de mes s\cis3 ma mre et ma sur manqu5t de t\t dans une mans>de de l'htel des ,etats-,unis qui n'e/ pas paye4 ,qu'e/ ce p\r toi qu'une soixanta9e de francs 7mon ,dieu1 quelle humiliation le malheur me contra9t674 ,quelques pices d'arg5t dans une b\rse1 p\r n\s c'e/ un mois de log]1 c'e/ du pa96 8,et je te dois dj c9quante francs6 ,j'en pleure de rage4 ,mon cam>ade de collge666 8,je *]*e une place de correcteur d'preuves dans une imprim]ie40 ,x is n kn[n :e!r ! money 0 s5t him1 nor :e!r he f\nd employm5t z a pro(-read]4 ,9 su* pov]ty1 9 su* dejection1 he put toge!r ! book t pres]ves 8 memory1 dream+1 :5 he c\ld =get 8 empty /oma* & ! holes 9 8 %oes1 ( ! prose t ,baudelaire 0 to imag9e aft] him1 8une prose potique1 musicale sans rhy?me et sans rime1 assez s\ple et assez heurte p\r s'adapt] aux m\vem5ts lyriques de l'me1 aux ondulations de la rv]ie1 aux s\bresauts de la consci5ce40 ,he w\ld n1 p]haps1 h ?\ght ( sudd5 />ts ( consci5ce1 = 8 0 a simpl] s\l ?an ,baudelaire's1 & he nev] felt t ! portrait he 0 draw+ might be only ! portrait ( a portrait4 ,he 0 born 9 #ahjg & n 9 #ahba1 &1 ) ! ,romantic joy 9 col\r & local col\r1 he _h m ?an ! ,romantic simplicity4 ,8 fantasies are prefac$ by quotations1 & ^! are tak5 f ,scott1 ,hugo1 ,byron1 folk-song1 ! ,fa!rs ( ! ,*ur*1 ,scotti% ballads1 ,*>les ,nodi]1 old *ronicles1 ,lope de ,vega1 ,f5imore ,coop]1 ! cries ( ! night wat*m51 ,lam>t9e1 ,col]idge1 ,*ateaubri&1 a m$ley ( ! ,romantics & ! writ]s & ?+s t !y admir$4 ,!y sometimes mi/ook ! picturesque = ! beautiful1 & s did ,b]tr&4 ,he 0 a man :o ?\ght ) 8 eyes4 ,he 0 n an analy/4 ,s f> inde$ did 8 visual conception ( life c>ry him t he repres5ts1 bett] ?an any o!r ,fr5* writ]1 ! t5d5cy1 new at t "t1 to id5tify lit]ature ) pa9t+4 ,h(fmann1 9 ,g]many1 _h writt5 ,fantasy-pieces aft] ! mann] ( ,callot4 ,leigh ,hunt1 9 ,engl&1 amus$ himself1 9 ,imag9ation & ,fancy1 by cutt+ little bits out ( ,sp5s] & propos+ !m z subjects to ! gho/s ( ,titian & ,rub5s4 ,b]tr& us$ words l oil-col\rs1 & 9 ,gasp>d de la ,nuit3 fantaisies la manire de ,rembr&t et de ,callot1 wrote :at1 if he _h _h a palette & bru%1 he might v well h pa9t$4 ,if he ?\ght ?r\gh 8 eyes1 8 eyes _h be5 tra9$ by ! pa9t]s1 & he 0 pr\d to (f] 8 book z a s]ies ( engrav+s aft] imag9>y pictures1 or et*+s f plates t _h nev] be5 bitt54 8,art10 he says 9 8 preface1 8has always two anti!tical faces2 x is a m$al1 "o side ( :i*1 = example1 w\ld sugge/ ! image ( ,rembr&t1 & ! o!r t ( ,jacques ,callot4444 ,rembr&t is ! :ite-be>d$ philosoph] :o %uts himself up l a snail 9 8 retreat1 :o absorbs 8 life 9 m$itation & 9 pray]1 :o closes 8 eyes to ga!r himself toge!r1 :o conv]ses ) spirits ( beauty1 ( sci5ce1 ( wisdom1 & ( love1 & consumes himself 9 p5etrat+ ! my/]i\s symbols ( nature4444 ,callot1 on ! o!r h&1 is ! jolly1 bragg>t soldi] ( foot1 :o peacocks 9 ! squ>e1 makes a noise 9 ! inn1 swe>s only by 8 rapi] & 8 c>b9e1 & has no o!r c>e ?an ! wax+ ( 8 m\/a*e4444 ,n[1 ! au?or ( ?is book has envisag$ art "u ?is d\ble p]sonification1 b he has n be5 too exclusive1 & pres5ts1 besides fantasies 9 ! mann]s ( ,rembr&t & ( ,callot1 /udies aft] ,van ,eyck1 ,lucas de ,leyde1 ,alb]t ,dur]1 ,peet] ,neef1 ,breughel de ,vel\rs1 ,breughel d',enf]1 ,van ,o/ade1 ,g]>d ,d[1 ,salvator ,rosa1 ,murillo1 ,fusely1 & _m o!r ma/]s ( diff]5t s*ools40 ,b]tr&'s book is "o ( ! docum5ts t mu/ be /udi$ by any hi/orian ( ! grotesque :o w\ld trace ! re-awak5+ ( a _s 9 art t _h doz$ dur+ ! eighte5? c5tury1 a _s q diff]5t f t ( ,hog>?1 ) :i* x is sometimes conf\nd$4 ,b]tr&'s 0 n ! noble1 ! sublime conception ( ! grotesque t rul$ ! f9] draw+s & mu* ( ! poetry ( ,william ,blake4 ,x 0 ak9 to t ^: love ( a g>goyle br\ght x to life & s5t ,quasimodo to haunt ! d>k & w9d+ /airs ( ! t[]s ( ,notre ,dame4 ,b]tr& contra/s ,rembr&t & ,callot1 b does n see t 9 ! m9d ( ! man 8:o consumes himself 9 p5etrat+ ! my/]i\s symbols ( nature0 !re is ! ess5ce ( ! feel+ = ! grotesque1 :i*1 9 su* m5 z ,callot1 hav+ =gott5 its orig9s1 too (t5 becomes m]e sport1 %ad[s flung on a wall by a w-o'-!-wisp in/ead ( by a philosoph]'s lamp4 ,b 9 ,gasp>d de la ,nuit ?is feel+ is grop+ t[>ds consci\sness1 recognis+ its food 9 ! et*+s alike ( ,rembr&t & ( ,callot1 ( ,salvator & ( ,dur]1 notic+ ! m obvi\s diff]5ces betwe5 !m1 b z yet incapable ( a m s5sitive di/9ction4 ,x is int]e/+ to notice t he takes sugge/ions f ! ,breughel#b ^: wild & en]getic picture made ,flaub]t1 t5 ye>s lat]1 set to "w on ,! ,temptation ( ,/4 ,an?ony4 ,b]tr&'s book is made up ( six s]ies ( fantasies1 labell$ 8,flemi% ,s*ool10 8,old ,p>is10 8,! ,*ronicles10 l ! rooms 9 a picture-gall]y4 ,! usual =m ( ! pieces is t ( a small numb] ( c>efully balanc$ p>agraphs1 mo/ly s+le s5t5ces1 sometimes l9k$ by refra9s ( movem5t or mean+4 ,"s h m9ute prologues & epilogues4 ,"s are l prose-ballades1 f9i%$ by an envoi4 ,few cov] m ?an two or ?ree pages 9 a small book ( l>ge type4 ,ea* "o is complete 9 itself1 & built ( a firm1 n\n-ful prose1 ri*] 9 col\r ?an 9 subtlety4 ,!y 7 writt5 by a man to :om su/a9$ ef=t 0 impossible1 a man elusive1 fugace1 :o c\ld n settle 9 "o place or 9 "o mood1 & p]haps f\nd 9 ^! little scraps ( goldsmi!ry ! ne>e/ approa* to p]man5ce & solidity 9 8 life4 ,he 0 a hunt] ( ! mom5t1 & ^! fantasies are ! only trophies ( 8 *ase4 ,_! =m seems made = him & he = x1 & he ne$$ no models = ! gait ( 8 s\l4 ,b]tr& 0 n1 any m ?an ,leigh ,hunt1 a great & noble p]sonality4 ,l ,leigh ,hunt1 he c\ld write some?+ q *>m+ t ow$ at lea/ "p ( its *>m to its neglect ( some?+ else4 ,8 0 a poetical temp]am5t r ?an ! temp]am5t ( a poet4 ,he felt ?+s & saw ?+s1 b nev] dom9at$ !m1 s t all he c\ld save 9 8 difficult exi/5ce 0 a wond]ful h&ful ( dreams4 ,he dreamt by day & by night1 & caught a few ( 8 dreams ) _! bright col\rs 9 two or ?ree skilful p>agraphs4 ,9 a cottage on ! edge ( a =e/ he read *ronicles ( monks & knights :ile ! sn[ froze on ! gr\nd1 or else1 9 su* a /udy z ,fau/us might h us$1 por$ ^u ,raymond ,lully4 ,he 0 surr\nd$ 9 8 dreams by anci5t books1 & look+ f> beyond & ?r\gh _! phantom lea!r backs1 saw a black gondola 9 ! ,v5etian night1 or a ,messire ,blasius ) d\ble *9 & worldly-wise eye1 l a portrait by ,van ,eyck4 ,he saw ! old ,p>is ( ,hugo's recon/ruction1 & ! old ,dijon t he rebuilt himself4 ,be=e 8 eyes ! wit*es dep>t$ to keep _! ,sabba? ) ,satan4 ,an ,und9e ( ,g]man fairy /ory (f]$ him h] love1 b1 ri* ) dreams1 he pref]r$ to wat* ! *anges ( ! moon4 ,?is is p]haps "o ( ! mo/ *>act]i/ic ( 8 rev]ies3 8,,le ,,clair ,,de ,,lune4 8#8,rveillez-v\s g5s qui dormez ,et priez p\r les trpasss4' --,le cri du crieur de nuit4 8,oh6 qu'il e/ d\x1 qu& l'heure tremble au clo*]1 la nuit1 de reg>d] la lune qui a le nez fait comme un c>olus d'or6 8,deux ladres se lam5tai5t s\s ma f5tre1 un *i5 hurlait dans le c>ref\r1 et le grillon de mon foy] vatic9ait t\t bas4 8,mais bi5tt mon oreille n'int]rogea plus qu'un sil5ce pr(ond4 ,les lpreux tai5t r5trs dans leurs *5ils1 aux c\ps de ,jacquem>t qui battait sa femme4 8,le *i5 avait enfil une v5elle1 devant les p]tuisanes du guet enr\ill p> la pluie et morfondu p> la bise4 8,et le grillon s'tait endormi1 ds que la d]nire bluette avait te9t sa d]nire lueur dans la c5dre de la *em9e4 8,et moi1 il me semblait1--tant la fivre e/ incohr5te1--que la lune1 grimant sa face1 me tirait la langue comme un p5du60 8,,moonlight4 8#8,wake1 m5 :o sleep1 ,& pray = ! dead4' --,cry ( ! night-wat*man4 8,oh6 h[ pleasant x is1 :5 ! h\r trembles 9 ! belfry1 at night1 to look at ! moon1 ^: nose is %ap$ l a gold5 c>olus6#c 8,two lep]s 7 compla9+ "u my w9d[1 a dog 0 h[l+ at ! cross-ways1 & ! cricket on my he>? 0 prophesy+ 9 a :isp]4 8,b soon my e> no long] que/ion$ any?+ b a pr(\nd sil5ce4 ,! lep]s _h gone back into _! k5nels1 at ! s\nd ( ,jacquem>t beat+ 8 wife4#d 8,! dog _h fl$ away up an alley1 be=e ! halb]ds ( ! wat*1 ra9-soak$1 & w9d-froz54 8,& ! cricket _h fall5 asleep1 z soon z ! la/ sp>k _h put out its la/ glimm] 9 ! a%es ( ! fire-place4 8,&1 z = me1 x seem$ to me--fev] is s incoh]5t--t ! moon1 wr9kl+ h] face1 put out h] tongue at me l a man :o has be5 hang$40 ,! moon put out h] tongue at h] fai?ful admir]1 & help$ him nei!r to honey-dew nor to ! milk ( ,p>adise4 ,8 biograph]s d n agree z to ! way he liv$ dur+ 8 few rema9+ ye>s4 ,sa9te-,beuve says t he 0 a private secret>y1 & t he wrote 9 v>i\s inconspicu\s newspap]s4 ,m4 ,s*1 to :om we owe a great deal ( new in=mation1 ?9ks t ^! employm5ts are n likely to h held ,b]tr& = long4 ,ab\t #ahce1 he f\nd 9 ,eugne ,r5duel a publi%] = ,gasp>d de la ,nuit4 ,he sold ! "r to pr9t an edition ( #hjj copies1 ( :i* #cjj 7 to be call$ 8,keepsake ,fanta/ique10 = ! sum ( #aej francs4 ,! money 0 paid & ! manuscript 0 put into ! publi%]'s desk1 :]e1 = "s reason or o!r1 x rema9$ = a v long "t4 ,its publication 0 promis$ f ye> to ye>4 ,9 a lett] writt5 to ,david d',ang]s1 9 #ahcg1 ,b]tr& says3 8,gasp>d de la ,nuit1 ce livre de mes d\ces prdilections1 o j'ai essay de crer un n\veau g5re de prose1 att5d le bon v\loir d',eugne ,r5duel p\r p>atre enf9 cet automne44440 ,b]tr& did n make ! gallant figure 9 pov]ty t 0 made1 = example1 by ,ri*>d ,/eele1 :o turn$ bailiffs into liv]i$ footm51 z ,:i/l] is said to h done m rec5tly2 b once1 at lea/1 he %[$ a smil+ face to mis=tune1 ev5 if ! smile 0 a little awry4 ,9 #ahdj1 ! book be+ /ill unpubli%$1 he call$ on 8 publi%] & left a sonnet on him1 z an ord9>y p]son might leave a visit+-c>d4 ,a m *>m+ prote/ aga9/ procra/9ation 0 surely nev] writt53 8,qu& le rais9 e/ mr1 p> un ciel clair et d\x1 ,ds l'aube1 mi-coteau rit une f\le trange3 ,c'e/ qu'alors dans la vigne1 et non plus dans la grange1 ,matres et s]viteurs1 joyeux1 s'assembl5t t\s4 ,a votre huis1 clos encor1 je heurte4 ,dormez v\s8 ,le mat9 v\s veille1 veillant sa voix d'ange1 ,mon compre1 *acun en ce temps-ci v5dange2 ,n\s avons une vigne--eh bi51 v5dangeons n\s6 ,mon livre e/ cette vigne1 o1 prs5t de l'automne1 ,la grappe d'or att5d p\r c\l] dans la tonne1 ,que le pressoir n\eux crie enf9 avec bruit4 ,j'invite mes vois9s1 convoqus sans trompettes1 ,a s'arm] promptem5t de pani]s1 de s]pettes4 ,qu'ils t\rn5t le feuillet2 s\s le pampre e/ le fruit40 ,six mon?s lat] ,b]tr& 0 dead4 ,at lea/ once he _h kn[n = sev]al mon?s ! inside ( a public hospital4 ,he 0 attack$ by ph?isis4 ,david d',ang]s obta9$ a grant ( #cjj francs = him & ! promise ( a po/ z libr>ian2 b he 0 n to leave ! hospital aga94 ,david1 :o 0 himself ill1 did all t c\ld be done = him1 s5t him oranges1 & made portraits ( him be=e & aft] dea?1 & saw to x t 8 grave-clo!s 7 n ( ! co>s5ess deem$ fitt+ = ! bodies ( ! poor4 ,david alone foll[$ 8 bi]1 &1 no d\bt1 suppli$ ,sa9te-,beuve ) ! mat]ial = 8 picture 79 ! introduction to ! fir/ edition ( ,gasp>d de la ,nuit1 publi%$ 9 #ahdb by ,victor ,pavie1 :o b\ght ! rights f ,r5duel = ! sum orig9ally paid73--8,x 0 ! eve ( ,asc5sion2 a t]rible /orm 0 rumbl+2 ! ,mass = ! dead _h be5 spok51 & ! fun]al procession did n come4 ,! prie/ _h end$ by leav+2 ! only fri5d pres5t wat*$ ! ab&on$ rema9s4 ,at ! end ( ! *apel a si/] ( *>ity 0 decorat+ an alt> ) g>l&s = ! next day's fea/40 ,s end$ a life t 0 l a ?read bl[n 9 ! w9d1 swung ?is way & t1 )\t weight1 & at la/ torn f its weak hold & :irl$ away ov] ! edge ( ! _w4 ,b]tr&'s life 0 t ( ! real ,bohemian1 ^: /ruggle is n ! less difficult because 8 head is high & 8 eyes1 in/ead ( see+ :]e he is go+1 are full ( magnific5t ?+s4 ,b]tr& 0 l a man try+ to speak high poetry :5 8 enemy has him by ! ?roat4 ,he saw1 & wrote1 & wre/l$1 9 a brea?2 8 a*ievem5t 0 sc>cely recognis$ till he 0 ov]?r[n4 ,& t a*ievem5t1 su* z x 01 t little flame he contriv$ to light be=e go+ out himself1 k9dl$ a great]1 & 9 its bright] lum9osity almo/ became invisible4 ,b :5 we look back f ! ,petits ,pomes en ,prose to ?is little book t sugge/$ _! creation1 we f9d t x is n )\t an indep5d5t int]e/1 p]sonal z well z hi/orical4 ,b]tr& himself 0 somebody1 & no book s well z 8 lets u %>e ! day-dreams ( #ahcj4 #aiaa4 ,,alphonse ,,daudet ,,alphonse ,,daudet ,daudet's 0 ! sc9tillant1 flamelike vitality t makes its possessor ! y\nge/ 9 :atev] company he may f9d himself4 ,anatole ,france writes ( him t he believes no human creature ev] lov$ nature & art ) a m ard5t & m g5]\s affection1 or enjoy$ ! univ]se ) m delight1 m =ce1 & m t5d]ness4 ,ev5 9 old age & suff]+1 he br\ght m]rim5t ) him :5 he limp$ into ! big room t ,edmond de ,gonc\rt call$ 8 8gr5i]10 & kept = talk & fri5d%ip4 ,if ! room _h be5 sad or sil5t1 x woke to laught] :5 ?is invalid came 9 & began to speak4 ,m5 felt !mselves m alive 9 8 pres5ce4 ,?is vitality is diff]5t f ! physical & m5tal mom5tum ( a ,balzac4 ,x is a lamb5t flame r ?an a conflagration2 light )\t heat4 ,x scor*$ no "o1 n ev5 ,daudet himself1 :o made x into a public ent]ta9]4 ,he c\ld use x at w2 x did n impel him into a re/less activity4 ,i c imag9e t indol5t p felt ill at ease ) ,balzac 9 ! room1 z if f a fe> t he might g (f l a dynamite bomb4 ,daudet's vitality 0 g5tle1 & ins9uat$ itself into 8 li/5]s' ve9s1 s t :5 !y left !y _h ! pleasant s5sation ( hav+ !mselves be5 m ?an usually vivaci\s4 8,i h miss$ my vocation10 he said2 8,i %\ld h be5 a m]*ant ( happ9ess40 ,x 0 a vocation t he _h n miss$4 ,a m]*ant ( happ9ess 0 precisely :at he 01 s9ce "o k9d ( happ9ess is a *ildi% enjoym5t ( ev]y?+ t may occur4 ,*ildr5 run ab\t all day1 )\t =e?\ght1 & play at be+ all sorts ( ?+s1 & *att] & fall asleep1 /ill *att]+1 9 ! middle ( a s5t5ce4 ,!y wake next morn+ to p]=m a v>iation ev] s bli! on ye/]day's p]=mance4 ,daudet liv$ j s1 & 0 able to %>e 8 life ) o!r p4 ,le ,petit ,*ose is ! /ory ( 8 *ildhood4 ,x is ! tale ( a little boy ^: fa!r is an unsuccessful man ( bus9ess1 a little boy ) a p>rot & a dream ( ,rob9son ,crusoe1 :o is transplant$ f 8 s\? to a nor!rn manufactur+ t[n1 a *ild :o becomes an u%] 9 a s*ool :]e 8 y\? & 8 pov]ty make him butt ( boys & ma/]s alike1 :]e he writes love-lett]s = a gymna/ic in/ructor1 & suff]s 9 8 /ead = _! success1 a *ild :o goes to ,p>is at sev5te5 to jo9 8 bro!r 9 pov]ty & hope1 & to write a poem ab\t blue butt]flies4 ,! book is almo/ true to hi/ory1 except t1 unlike ,daudet1 le ,petit ,*ose ends z p>tn] 9 a *9a %op1 regretfully resign+ 8 blue butt]flies to m>ry ! daught] ( ! *9a %op's proprietor4 ,! real tale ( 8 %yness & pa!tic adv5tures1 t ,daudet 0 nev] tir$ ( tell+1 s9ce x 0 8 own1 goes on 9 o!r books4 ,!re is 9 !m all a joie d'crire z mu* z joie de vivre4 ,he rejoices 9 e mis=tune ( 8 *ildhood1 because1 9 describ+ x1 he f9ds an opportunity = life z a "y man4 ,8 life z a *ild _h be5 told to himself z a fairy tale4 ,he _h told +5i\s lies to excuse 8 truant days on ! riv]1 kill+ (f a ,pope to hide1 9 8 family's excitem5t1 8 lat5ess = a meal4 ,he told lies to himself to excuse ! sordid appe>ances ( 8 exi/5ce1 & n[ he _h a *ance ( tell+ lies aga91 & s liv+ ano!r romance4 ,daudet's writ+ 0 always a means ( liv+ = him4 ,8 own life c\ld be multipli$ indef9itely by ! glosses he put ^u x4 ,he is n1 l ,coppe1 a disillusion$ man rememb]+ dreams1 pa9+ himself ) ! memory ( ! boy he 04 ,daudet1 f> f envy+ t boy ( :om he writes1 seems to be /ill id5tical ) him1 & tells 8 escapades z if !y 7 ye/]day's1 z inde$ !y might be4 ,ev5 :5 he tries to write disillusion$ novels1 he sits 9 a rosy cl\d1 & is irrepressibly happy 9 spite ( !m4 ,he nev] kn[s :e!r pa9 or pleasure is ! m enjoyable4 ,ei!r is an aid to liv+1 & p]haps ! =m] gives life a ke5] ta/e4 ,m5 ( ?is k9d d n sp5d _! vitality altoge!r = no?+4 ,m ?an o!rs !y ne$ affection & applause4 ,a face ( disapproval 9 _! audi5ce is en\gh to )] _! w+s1 & !y ask = goodwill1 if only to help !m to cont9ue ! p]=mance4 ,le ,petit ,*ose1 l mo/ ( ,daudet's "w1 l 8 life1 & 8 o!r repres5tations ( 8 life1 conv]sational or on pap]1 is an appeal to be lov$4 ,he asks to be se5 z he sees himself1 & asks v successfully4 ,x is ?is1 ,i ?9k1 t makes x easy to =give him 8 s9s aga9/ pure art2 ?is t acc\nts = 8 fri5ds' love ( him1 & also = ! popul> success t made him feel a little uncom=table among !m4 ,8 gre$ ( affection made him n v fa/idi\s2 he 0 glad to be lov$ by 8 bak] z well z by ,edmond de ,gonc\rt4 ,daudet acquir$ ! habit ( be+ lovable4 ,he made 8 own life into a fairy tale1 &1 s9ce x 0 ! sure/ way to gratitude1 soon f\nd x difficult to see ! lives ( o!rs 9 any diff]5t way4 ,he copi$ 8 m5 & wom5 f nature1 z he said1 b ea* "o ( !m readily became le ,petit ,*ose1 & he 8 affectionate1 rose-spectacl$ biograph]4 ,:5 8 novels are laid aside1 & we look at _! backs1 we =get _! extraord9>y obs]vation1 & see *>act]s exagg]at$ by a man :o is anxi\s to p]suade2 & :5 ^! *>act]s h fad$ away into fram$ draw+s l ^? tak5 f back numb]s ( ,pun*1 we rememb] little ( ! books b a _s t asks love & gives x1 is ready to und]/& m ?an !re is to be und]/ood1 & to make excuses = ^? :o are )\t !m4 ,we ?9k ( ,daudet z ! t5d]e/ possible biograph] = ourselves1 & at ! same "t feel a little %r9k+ f ! idea ( be+ exhibit$ ) su* emphasis4 ,"s ( ! novels1 ) :i* we are n "h p>ticul>ly conc]n$1 d _! be/ to dispel ! atmosph]e ( rose-leaves & sun%9e1 involv+ u 9 a swift & ke5 analysis ( unk9d & unpleasant motives4 ,b :5 we close ev5 ^!1 little is left ( !m b _! au?or's *>m1 & ! memory ( ^? incid5ts or descriptions1 9 :i*1 fre$ f ! burd5 ( an ambiti\s task1 he loos5s ! bridle ( 8 romanc+ vitality4 ,8 books are n s consi/5t z 8 "*4 ,!y are always mo/ satisfactory :5 mo/ directly conc]n$ ) x4 ,?is is p>tly because he wrote ( himself 9 anecdotes1 & 8 inspiration 0 facile & %ort-w9d$ r ?an p]sev]+4 ,! effects he secures 9 8 writ+s are ! same z ^? he won 9 conv]sation1 snat*es ( col\r & feel+1 l ! /udies 9 an arti/'s notebook1 (t5 bett] ?an :5 repa9t$ into pictures4 ,ambition p]haps ob/ruct$ 8 tal5t 9 sett+ x to d o!r m5's "w1 h[ev] well he may h be5 able to d x4 ,he 0 n a noveli/1 al?\gh he made himself "o4 ,8 big books1 9 :i* he describes _m lives & k9ds ( life1 are already be+ siev$ out by "t1 & ! "w by :i* 8 "n w be rememb]$ is r$uc+ itself to 8 real & imag9>y rem9isc5ces & 8 %ort /ories4 ,9 ^! he does n m+le contradictory +r$i5ts2 :ile 8 novels1 ev5 ! be/1 are too mu* l battle-gr\nds betwe5 ,que5 ,mab & ,zola4 ,9 8 %ort /ories he is p]fectly at ease4 ,8 tal5t 0 no eagle = long flights1 b "o ( 8 own blue butt]flies4 ,x flew f> only ) ef=t1 & tir$ z x flew1 droop+ its w+s or flapp+ !m irregul>ly4 ,b 9 ! %ort tales no flight 0 s long z to tire x4 ,x 0 happy & at ease1 op5$ its w+s ) grace1 & z x dropp$1 fold$ !m ) all imag9able delicacy4 ,9 ! ,contes du ,lundi he reconcil$ 8 p[]s & 8 ambition4 ,he 0 a romanc]1 a conteur1 a causeur1 & romantic anecdotes refuse to be fett]$ to a /rict & /eady v]acity4 ,he wi%$ to be a pa9t] aft] nature1 to be accurate1 to be real1 to be mi/ak5 = reality4 ,!re are mom5ts1 b only mom5ts1 :5 ! two k9ds ( tru?1 t ^! p[]s & ?is ambition sev]ally sugge/1 coalesce 9 a tru? t is *>m+ &1 at ! same "t1 almo/ photographic4 ,9 ! novels ! tru? dis9tegrat$ into oppos+ masses4 ,9 %ort /ories he 0 able to comb9e !m4 ,8 brief1 fla%+ sket*es1 ) _! curi\s air ( /]eoscopic p]spective1 are seldom 9 ! lea/ unreal4 ,yet1 poignant little ?+s1 un=gettable1 h[ev] slight1 !y are n ! probabilities ( life b its possibilities4 ,!y are ! lies t ought to be true4 ,! /ory ( ! ,alsatian s*oolma/]1 or t ( ! siege ( ,b]l91 ) ! old colonel1 9 8 worn uni=m1 /&+ on ! balcony to welcome ! victori\s ,fr5*1 & see+ in/ead ! ,uhlans ( ! advance gu>d1 & he>+ ! triumphal m>* ( ,s*ub]t1 z ! ,prussians ent] ,p>is2 all ^! m9ute ?+s are too dramatic1 too pa!tic1 n to be all[$ _! mom5t ( exi/5ce4 ,daudet writes !m1 & !y br+ te>s to our eyes1 te>s t1 un=tunately1 we mu/ submit to a r cruel analysis4 ,te>s1 & also laught]4 ,daudet ) 8 firm belief 9 ! ultimate victory ( all good & pleasant p1 & ! correspond+ puni%m5t ( ! bad & unk9d1 enjoy$1 l _m happy-m9d$ m51 a highly develop$ faculty ( pity4 ,x 0 "o ( 8 means ( be+ alive1 & ?is man1 :o 8di$ ( hav+ lov$ life too well10 neglect$ none ( ! ex]cises t made 8 n]ves t+le & 8 he>t beat4 ,he liv$ 9 be+ sorry = p & ?+s1 & he liv$ 9 be+ glad4 ,ano!r gr\p ( 8 %ort /ories is made up ( pure fairy tales t dance be=e ! eyes1 _! words runn+ & tripp+ aft] ea* o!r1 l a b& ( elves on midsumm]'s eve4 ,!y are s\!rn tales ( old ,prov5ce t he read 9 ! gras%opp]'s libr>y "u ! blue sky1 :]e ! libr>ians s+ all day1 & !re are gossam]s = bookm>ks4 ,_! he>tsome feel+ is t ( ! old song3 8,sur le pont d',avignon ,t\t le monde danse en rond40 ,ev5 :5 he br+s ! elves to t[n1 z 9 ,un ,rveillon dans le ,m>ais1 :51 into ! old c\rty>d ( ! mansion t has be5 turn$ into a m9]al wat] factory1 he introduces cavali]s & ladies ( ! anci5t "t1 fairies n[1 be+ dead s long1 he br+s ) !m half a memory ( ! f>&ole1 & makes !m drunk ) seltz]4 ,laught] & te>s2 x is by ^! t we rememb] ,daudet4 ,8 art is t ( we>+ 8 he>t on 8 sleeve4 8,"h10 he seems to say1 8is a sad tale to make y cry 7,i cri$ myself 9 mak+ x71 & "h is a m]ry "o to make y laugh 7my p5 quiv]$ ) m]rim5t z ,i wrote x d[n = y740 ,laught] & te>s tempt$ him p]haps too /rongly4 ,he 0 accu/om$ to tell 8 /ories _m times be=e he wrote !m4 ,!y %ap$ !mselves1 l folktales1 9 successive recitations1 until ! iness5tials fell away f !m & !y won economical & imm$iate effects4 ,! dang] ( su* a mann] ( composition is a confusion ( ends4 ,! only safe audi5ce = a writ] is t undiscov]able & absolute judge1 :o1 f 8 ni*e 9 our consci\sness1 signs n[ & aga9 8 k t su* & su* an expression is truly express$1 is really expression & n an incomplete & muffl+ mask4 ,t o!r audi5ce1 ^: lips op51 ^: eyes smile or weep z we read to !m1 is n a judge ( art4 ,its values are n ae/hetic4 ,its mo/ obvi\s criticisms are ^? ( laught] & te>s1 & ^! are writt5 too cle>ly n to become m important to u ?an !y %\ld4 ,h[ c ! jocund tale be bad t made y laugh8 ,h[ c t sad "o fail t s5t y\r k]*ief to y\r eyes8 ,!re may be imp]fections 9 !m2 yes1 b by remov+ !m1 ,i mu/ be c>eful n to lose t laught] or ^? te>s4 ,& s1 almo/ inevitably1 ! te>s & laught] come to seem ! ends ( art in/ead ( its by-products4 ,& !y are n ! wi/ful te>s t dew ! eyela%es be=e a p]fect "w1 nor ! imp]sonal laught] t r+s out l a spr+ song because "s man has made a new ?+ well = ! et]nal gods to see4 ,mo/ ,fr5*m5 are p]=m]s2 & ! ,fr5*man f ! s\? is he :o w9s ! greate/ joy f 8 p]=mance4 ,i rememb] a big b>e /udio 9 ! ,b\lev>d ,vaugir>d1 :]e a cr[d ( /ud5ts1 poets1 sculptors1 pa9t]s1 & _! wom51 us$ to be m]ry toge!r & dr9k c(fee 7if !re 0 coke = ! /ove71 & eat ,olibet biscuits 7if !re 0 money to buy !m74 ,among u 7 two curly-head$ ,prov5als1 ^: voices _h a m p]suasive ab&on ?an ours to :atev] !y wi%$ to say4 ,!re 0 a balcony 9 ! /udio ) a ladd] fa/5$ to x1 s t ! arti/ might climb to 8 b$4 ,"o ( ! ,prov5als us$ to /& up1 lean+ on ! ladd]1 & s+ u old songs ( 8 c\ntry1 :ile 8 fri5d sat on ! l[] /eps & dropp$ ! deep] notes ( a silv] flute into _! prop] places 9 ! melody4 ,! songs 7 sometimes joyful1 sometimes sad4 ,m ?an once1 :5 "s pa!tic tune or words made 8 audi5ce weep1 ,i h se5 ! flute-play]1 unable to re/ra9 8 happ9ess1 cap] ab\t ! /udio ) 8 in/rum5t4 ,some?+ ( ,daudet 0 9 ! flute-play] & some?+ ( ! flute-play] 9 ,daudet4 #aiji4 ,,! ,,retrospection ,,( ,,fran,,ois ,,copp,e ,,! ,,retrospection ,,( ,,fran,,ois ,,copp,e ,"s writ]s seem to repres5t s+le moods ( life4 ,mo/ m5 gr[ f *ildhood to old age1 pass+ f illusion to disillusion 79 :i* illusion does no m ?an turn its coat71 !n to resignation 7a k9d ( agno/ic attitude t[>ds _! own s5sations71 &1 f9ally1 p]haps1 end 9 ! mo/ ob/9ate illusion ( all4 ,b !re are writ]s :o seem to /op at ?is or t po9t 9 ! road1 to take up _! /& !re1 & to date f t re/+-place all ! monologues t !y all[ humanity to ov]he>4 ,! "w ( ! greate/ arti/s is s5t (f f e po/-(fice on ! j\rney1 or1 if _! "w is done 9 age1 x holds pro( t !y h travell$ all ! way4 ,coppe hesitates on ! br[ ( t hill f :i* c be se5 = ! la/ "t ! sunlit c\ntry ( y\?4 ,already disillusion$1 he looks back1 & sp5ds 8 life 9 regrett+ ! pa/4 ,all 8 "w has a retrospective glam\r1 & :]e he writes joy\sly ( ! pres5t1 x is easy to feel t ! joy is a religi\s joy1 & t 8 "w is a memorial rite1 re-enact+ some?+ t has long s9ce fad$ away4 ,he took ?is attitude :5 v "y4 ,!re are1 inde$1 m5 ^: eyes h always be5 turn$ back1 m5 ^: e>lie/ memory is a regret = ! memory e>li] /ill t !y h lo/4 ,9 ! prologue to ,le ,reliquaire1 publi%$ 9 #ahff1 he wrote3 8,et de mme que1 t\s les soirs1 ,ils font aut\r du reliquaire ,fum] les lg]s enc5soirs4 ,ddaignant le d\leur vulgaire ,qui p\sse des cris importuns1 ,dans ces pomes je veux faire ,a t\s mes beaux rves dfunts1 ,a t\tes mes *res reliques1 ,une *apelle de p>fums ,et de ci]ges mlancoliques40 ,9 build+ = 8 fair dead dreams a *apel ( sad p]fumes & melan*oly c&les1 he sp5t ! bett] "p ( 8 life4 ,8 prose 0 writt5 lat] ?an 8 v]se1 b ye>s did n alt] ! object ( 8 ar*itecture4 ,he 0 sometimes assail$ by o!r moods1 b did n all[ himself to yield to !m4 ,he _h succe$$ "y2 x is possible t hav+ *>m$ already1 he 0 half afraid ( los+ by any *ange ! od\r & ! ess5ce impossible to analyse1 9 :i* he knew t he c\ld tru/1 & :i*1 once at any rate1 _h be5 p]sonal to himself4 ,!re rema91 h[ev]1 ! indications ( occasional fai? 9 mutability4 ,sometimes he flung himself boldly 9 ! direction :i!r life w\ld h tak5 him4 ,b ! feel+ ( boldness1 ( exp]im5t1 t p]vades1 = example1 ,le ,c\pable1 is en\gh to %[ t he 0 ill at ease4 ,! /ory is t ( a man :o leaves 8 mi/ress1 a ,p>isian grisette4 ,%e has a *ild1 :o1 born 9 ! gutt]1 gr[s up among ! vici\s & f9ds 8 way to a p5it5ti>y1 &1 at la/1 committ+ a s]i\s crime1 is br\ght = judgm5t be=e 8 fa!r4 ,! fa!r1 le>n+ 8 id5tity1 tells ! :ole /ory1 & asks :e!r he himself1 r ?an 8 son1 is n ! true c\pable4 ,coppe f9ds 9 x an opportunity = a /udy ( society f bel[1 = mu* close & accurate description1 & = a v se>*+ acc\nt ( ! re=matory sy/em4 ,x is a clev] book1 b someh[ ,coppe has dropp$ out ( x4 ,i d n mean t all ,coppe's be/ "w is to be kn[n by an atmosph]e ( s5tim5tal ye>n+ = ! pa/4 ,8 mood is mu* m delicate4 ,he writes z a man ^: illusions are gone1 b he does n (t5 cry al\d1 8,hlas6 les beaux j\rs sont f9is40 ,he only says t !re h be5 f9e days4 ,by f9e days he means days ( en?usiasm & ( a simple he>t4 ,he has once walk$ ) ! _w f> bel[ 8 feet2 b1 n[ t its wisdom has ris5 ov] 8 head1 he _c recov] t old en?usiasm by pret5d+ to be ignorant4 ,kn[+ too mu*1 8 only c>e is to pres]ve z a t\*/one ! memory ( 8 lo/ unwisdom4 ,he does n (t5 m directly express 8 regret4 ,b x is a recognition ( 8 regretfulness t makes 8 /ories bitt] to ! v "y1 half-consci\s ( _! y\?1 & pa9$ by all t helps to wak5 !m to simultane\s k & loss ( x4 ,9 ,t\te une ,jeunesse he confesses t 8 h]o1 8p]sonnage imag9aire dans une action imag9aire1 s5t la vie comme je la s5tais qu& j'tais un enfant1 et qu& j'tais un jeune homme40 ,mu* ( ! imag9>y action foll[s v closely ! c\rse ( 8 own life1 & x is possible 9 read+ x to wat* ! f9e days & !n ! gradual realisation t !y _h be5 f9e4 ,amde ,violette1 born 9 a little flat 9 ! rue ,notre ,dame des ,*amps1 beh9d ! g>d5s ( ! ,luxemb\rg1 ! son ( a gov]nm5t cl]k1 loses 8 "m v "y1 & gr[s up 9 lonel9ess1 except = ! little girls next door4 ,he goes to s*ool 9 ! rue de la ,gr&e ,*aumire1 turn+ out ( ! o!r4 ,!re is a plane-tree 9 ! s*ooly>d1 :i* all[s ! s*oolma/] to (f] a g>d5 on 8 prospectus4 ,! assi/ant ma/]s are grotesque & wret*$4 ,! head ( ! pr9cipal is l ! t]re/rial globe t /&s on ! desk 9 8 /udy to impress 8 pupils' p>5ts4 ,amde gr[s up1 sp5d+ f9e ev5+s 9 long walks ?r\gh ,p>is ) 8 fa!r1 ! wid[]1 :o takes gradually to abs9! = ! sake ( =getfulness4 ,he gr[s up 9 ! qu>t]1 /udies at ! univ]sity1 solit>y 9 ! mid/ ( its greg>i\s frivolity1 p>tly f pov]ty1 p>tly f love ( ! *ild ) :om he us$ to play4 ,he leaves ! univ]sity ) a degree1 & is tak5 on 9 ! same (fice z 8 fa!r1 z a sup]num]>y cl]k4 ,s _m h\rs a day disappe> f 8 life1 & he wak5s only 9 ! ev5+s1 :i* he sp5ds 9 rhym+1 & on ,sundays :5 he writes all day )\t leav+ 8 room4 ,he has a few fri5ds :o c\nt him almo/ a h]mit4 ,a "y actor takes him to ! ,caf de ,sville 9 ! ,b\lev>d ,montm>tre1 :]e he introduces him to ,paul ,sill]y1 a poet & editor ( an unpopul> review--,catulle ,m5ds1 p]haps4 ,! caf is full ( m5 ) be>ds1 politicians1 & m5 ) hair1 poets4 ,sill]y recognises a poet 9 him1 & :5 ! actor recites "o ( 8 poems ) success at a *>ity p]=mance 9 a !atre1 s5ds him to a publi%]--no d\bt ,lem]re1 :o publi%$ ! ,p>nassians4 ,8 fir/ volume is pr9t$ & successful4 ,he has come s f> :5 8 y\? is tak5 f him4 ,8 ne>e/ fri5d betrays him1 & he has to compel him to m>ry ! girl he has s long lov$ himself4 ,he passes ?r\gh v>i\s m or less empty adv5tures4 ,! ,franco-,prussian w> leaves ! girl a wid[ ) a boy1 & 8 fri5d's la/ wi% is t !y %\ld m>ry4 ,! wi% is fulfill$3 ,amde1 m>ri$ to a woman he has lov$ f *ildhood1 has a wife ^: he>t is buri$ ) 8 fri5d4 ,x is all s diff]5t f its promises4 ,! poet is left ) ! consolation ( 8 art1 & ! book ends3 8,hlas6 ta jeunesse e/ f9ie1 pauvre s5tim5tal6 ,les feuilles tomb5t6 ,les feuilles tomb5t60 ,! leaves fall on ! pap] z ,coppe writes4 ,x is always autumn 9 8 books1 because he is always ?9k+ ( spr+4 ,b ,t\te une ,jeunesse lets u into m ( 8 secrets ?an ?is4 ,x is full ( love = ,p>is1 & obsess$ by ! contra/ betwe5 ri* & poor1 or r betwe5 appe>ances & ! o!r appe>ances !y hide4 ,life is v mu* l "o ( ^? ,japanese ne/s ( col\r$ boxes2 y op5 ! little r\nd sc>let wood5 cyl9d]1 & !re is a gre5 "o inside4 ,y op5 t & f9d a blue4 ,)9 ! blue is a sc>let "o aga94 ,x is s ) life4 ,no /ate ( disillusionm5t is f9al4 ,!re is always ano!r beh9d x :i* w turn :at seem$ to be an unemotional acceptance ( life z x is into a regrett$ & fanta/ic dream4 ,coppe is less consci\s ( ! inf9ite endurance ( mutability ?an ( 8 regret = p>ticul> ye/]days4 ,he mu/ put all he writes ( 9 ! sc>let box4 ,p>is = him is always ! ,p>is ( #ahff4 ,he felt1 he said1 l ,madame de ,/al1 8la no/algie de son *] ruisseau de la rue du ,bac10 b ! gutt] he ye>n$ = fl[$ 9 ! days :5 he 0 "y4 ,x is ?is t gives "s ( 8 "w an appeal t has no?+ to d ) its m]it4 ,= !re are _m to :om ,p>is repres5ts ! days :5 !y 7 "y1 _m to :om ! names tune ! pulses to a quick & joy\s m>*1 names l ! rue ,notre ,dame des ,*amps1 twi/+ grey /reet1 ^: pavem5ts /ill beat ) ! airy tread ( new g5]ations ( dream]s4 ,x is ! same ?r\gh\t4 ,:5 he talks ( buy+ books at ! ,odon1 we d n wat* an old man *oos+ :at he wi%es1 & pay+ = x f a pocketful ( money t he has n c\nt$4 ,we see ! ,coppe ( #ahfd1 or ourselves ( t5 ye>s ago2 boys1 ) ! price ( ! book1 & p]haps t5 s\s = d9n]1 sp5d+ nev]!less an h\r 9 look+ at all ! o!r books on ! /alls1 & !n buy+ ! "o = :i* we _h come ) ! swift mann] ( ^? :o h walk$ /raight to ! book%op1 &1 hav+ got :at !y want z exp$iti\sly z possible1 are go+ /raight (f aga94 ,we see t dead ,coppe1 or ourselves1 sitt+ among ! nurse-maids 9 ! g>d5s opposite1 cutt+ ! leaves ) a clasp-knife f a fair4 ,! ,caf de ,seville1 once a meet+-place = m5 ( be>ds & m5 ( hair1 is made a try/ = ,coppe & 8 dead y\?4 ,& :5 he says t = ! ,p>isian ! seasons come to t[n1 & t1 9 a gre5 & rose sunset1 he c f9d ! autumn's morbid melan*oly1 &1 9 a sunny morn+ 9 ! ,luxemb\rg g>d5s1 all ! div9e joy\sness ( spr+1 we "k ( :at ,p>isian he is speak+4 ,8 obsession by ! contra/ betwe5 ri* & poor r$uces to ! same s5tim5t4 ,he does n hate ! ri* because !y are ri*2 he is only sorry = !m if money has tak5 away f !m some?+ !y might h _h 9 pov]ty4 ,he is n sorry = ! poor because !y are poor1 b only if _! pov]ty expresses ! lack ( some?+ t1 ) money1 !y ?9k !y might h _h4 ,he has come to reg>d illusions z ! only /]l+ co94 ,9 ! two contra/$ tales ( 8,! ,italian ,organ0 he seems to weigh ri* & poor 9 opposite scales1 & to f9d a balance betwe5 !m4 ,"o tune ( ! organ rem9ds a poor cl]k's wife ( ! days be=e %e m>ri$1 :5 %e 0 ! prettie/ girl at ! *eap dances1 & ,monsieur ,fr$1 amus+ himself1 fill$ h] head ) dreams4 ,ri*es h c>ri$ him away f h]1 & %e has gr[n pal]1 & m>ri$ ,jules ) ! /iff coll> & ! india-rubb]-clean$ gloves4 ,x is v sad4 ,ano!r tune rem9ds ! ,c\ntess ( ! days be=e %e m>ri$1 :5 z la ,belle ,adah ( ! ,am]ican ,circus1 %e reign$ 9 h] own place4 ,! ,c\nt fell 9 love ) h]1 pursu$ h]1 m>ri$ h]1 & tra9$ h] to be a lady4 ,%e sp5ds h] morn+s 9 visit+ in/itutions1 & !re is a vic> wait+ on h] 9 ! draw+-room4 ,x is v sad4 ,b ! sorr[ ( bo? ^! wom5 is n = _! ri*es or _! pov]ty4 ,x is m\rn+ = a life t c nev] be liv$4 ,coppe's love = ! poor is unlike ,daudet's4 ,daudet loves ! poor because !y are brave & picturesque4 ,coppe sees 9 !m ! simpl5ess ( he>t & ! p[] ( dream+ t 7 8 :5 he 0 poor himself1 t is to say1 :5 he 0 "y4 ,! poor inv5t$ ,*ri/ianity4 ,v little happ5s 9 ,coppe's %ort /ories4 ,9 "s ( !m no?+ happ5s at all4 ,?+s are rememb]$ & set d[n1 & f ^? notes rises less a tale ?an ! sugge/ion ( a /ory t might h be5 told4 ,n[ x is old ,"m ,b]nu1 :o saw ,m>ie ,anto9ette c>ri$ to ! guillot9e 9 a :ite %irt1 & is ?r[n up by a c>eless ,"t to take ! little ,coppe out = walks4 ,n[ x is a c\ple ( old ba*elors talk+ ( might-h-be5s4 ,n[1 8,mon ,ami ,meurtri]10 a swagg]+ a?letic cl]k1 is discov]$ to be ! milde/ ( m51 att5d+ to 8 "m's lap-dog1 & mix+ good c(fee4 ,9 mo/ ( ! /ories x is m ?an usually evid5t t ! au?or is ! real h]o4 8,! ,:ite ,frock0 is ! tale ( a lame *ild ^: only :ite dress is worn at h] fir/ communion4 ,all h] fri5ds we> a second on _! w$d+ days1 & %e w nev] be m>ri$4 ,x is really ! tale ( a man :o passes daily ?r\gh a little /reet1 &1 9 wat*+ ! /reet *ange1 be>ds :it51 & *ildr5 m>ry1 sees 8 own y\? pass+ f him1 &1 9 ! little lame girl1 a melan*oly piece ( *ildhood's jetsam ^: dream w nev] be realis$1 nev] be de/roy$4 ,!re 0 a little boy :o liv$ ne> ! g>d5s ( ! ,luxemb\rg1 & walk$ !re 9 ! spr+1 :5 ! trees 7 caught 9 a net ( flutt]+ gre51 & 9 ! summ] heat1 :5 ^? long walks 7 patt]n$ black & :ite ) sun-?r[n %ad[s1 & 9 ! autumn1 :5 ! leaves 7 ru/y gold1 & fell to ! gr\nd to make a pleasant trampl+ place = *ildr5's feet1 & 9 ! w9t]1 :51 ov] ! r\nd /eel pond1 ! grey /one ,que5s ( ,france look$ m\rnfully at ! /raight-front$ palace4 ,he walk$ !re1 intimate ) all ! moods ( ! g>d51 8 eyes awake ) possibilities1 rhym+ v]ses t p]haps w\ld nev] be publi%$1 & f9d+ ! _w a fairy-tale ) s _m ends f :i* to *oose t x 0 =tunate x w\ld n f9i% soon4 ,he 0 always alone !re1 9 ! mid/ ( ! /ud5ts1 girls & nurse-maids4 ,he & ! sp>r[s seem$ to h ! g>d5 to !mselves4 ,! o!rs did n seem to matt]4 ,& ?is boy nev] left ! /udy ( ,franois ,coppe4 ,if ,coppe look$ up f 8 desk he 0 !re1 almo/ reproa*ful1 a gho/ly boy ) cle> & tru?ful eyes1 walk+ "u ! trees1 9 ragg$ clo!s1 rhym+ v]ses = himself4 ,! wisdom ( ! _w turn$ to dross beside 8 gold5 ignorance1 & ! man :o _h gr[n up felt1 l ! loit]] along ! quays1 a cont9u\s pride & pa9 9 ?9k+ ( ! days :5 ! sunset _h %one = him alone4 #aiji4 ,,fri$ri* ,,nietzs*e ,,fri$ri* ,,nietzs*e ,,an ,,essay ,,9 ,,compreh5sion ,to ,i4 ,c4 ,r4 ,philosophy 9 ! h&s ( philosoph]s t5ds always to hide ! tremors ( its excit+ conception 9 ! dri$ ab/ract /atem5ts ( dialectic4 ,a philosoph]'s pride is 9 ! imp]sonal nature ( 8 ?\ght4 ,x mu/ /& by itself1 & "w l a piece ( ma*9]y1 on :i* ! mak]'s "n is ! only sign t x 0 once a d>+1 p]sonal adv5ture ( ! intellect1 ! in/9cts & ! s5ses ( ! body ( a man4 ,its mak]1 :5 x is f9i%$1 w\ld wi% to wipe ! fil+s & ! oil f 8 h&s ) a piece ( cotton wa/e1 &1 fold+ 8 arms1 to wat* x 9 indep5d5t activity4 ,! reason ( ?is ambition is to be f\nd nei!r 9 mode/y1 nor yet 9 vanity1 b 9 a rul+ intellectual concept1 ! concept ( absolute tru?4 ,if ! true is univ]sally true1 if a ?+ ei!r is1 or is n1 !n ! p]sonality ( ! ?9k] ei!r is grit 9 ! :eels1 or1 by ! necessity ( its pres5ce & assi/ance1 betrays ! weakness ( ! ?\ght ^: tru? or untru? c 9 no way be affect$ by ! exi/5ce or non-exi/5ce ( its discov]]4 ,?is ,nietzs*e resolutely d5i$1 & d5i$ 9 two ways4 ,fir/1 he d5i$ ! absolute nature ( tru?1 ass]t+ t ! ^w 8true0 0 m]ely a title giv5 by m5 to op9ions1 & t ! ju/ice ( its application 01 9 a broad s5se1 to be judg$ pragmatically4 ,a pragmati/ be=e ,william ,james1 he said3 8,! fals5ess ( an op9ion is n = u any objection to x3 x is "h1 p]haps1 t our new language s\nds mo/ /rangely4 ,! "q is1 h[ f> an op9ion is life-fur!r+1 life-pres]v+1 species-pres]v+1 p]haps species-re>+2 & we are fundam5tally incl9$ to ma9ta9 t ! false/ op9ions 7to :i* ! syn!tic judgm5ts a priori belong7 are ! mo/ indisp5sable to u2 t )\t a recognition ( logical fictions1 )\t a comp>ison ( reality ) ! purely imag9$ _w ( ! absolute & immutable1 )\t a con/ant c\nt]feit+ ( ! _w by means ( numb]s1 man c\ld n live--t ! r5unciation ( false op9ions w\ld be a r5unciation ( life1 a negation ( life40#e ,secondly1 he d5i$ t ! p]sonality ( ! ?9k] 0 a di/urb+ factor 9 8 ?\ght4 ,x 01 on ! contr>y1 ! gu>antee t once at lea/ t ?\ght _h be5 true4 8,n[ philosophical sy/ems are absolutely true only to _! f\nd]s2 to all lat] philosoph]s !y are usually a s+le big mi/ake1 & to feebl] m9ds a sum ( mi/akes & tru?s4444 ,!re=e _m disapprove ( e philosoph]1 because 8 aim is n !irs4444 ,:oev]1 on ! contr>y1 f9ds any pleasure at all 9 great m5 f9ds pleasure also 9 all su* sy/ems1 be !y ev] s errone\s1 = !y all h 9 !m "o po9t :i* is irrefutable1 a p]sonal t\* & col\r2 "o c use !m 9 ord] to =m a picture ( ! philosoph]1 j z f a plant gr[+ 9 a c]ta9 place "o c =m conclusions z to ! soil4 ,t mode ( life1 ( view+ human affairs at any rate1 has exi/$ once1 & is !re=e possible40 ,he wrote t q e>ly 9 8 c>e] 9 8 little book on e>ly ,greek philosophy1 a hi/ory l ! dawn sett+ on fire ! tips ( ! di/ant m\nta9s1 !n ! ne>]1 & at la/ ?r[+ on ! gr\nd beh9d him ! %ad[ ( ! obs]v]4 ,= ,nietzs*e1 ! m\nta9 peaks are ^? fragm5ts ( ! crumbl$ sy/ems :i* are p]sonal to _! au?ors1 &1 ev5 if refutable z philosophy are irrefutable z p>ticul> & individual revelations4 ,x is a delightful little ga!r+ ( philosoph]s &1 p]haps1 m important ?an has yet be5 admitt$1 9 its promise ( ,nietzs*e's habit ( ?\ght1 8 impati5ce ( dialectic1 8 dislike ( ! ,p>m5idean m9d1 8 tru/ 9 ! poetic1 ! p>ticul>4 8,:at v]se is to ! poet10 he says1 8dialectic ?9k+ is to ! philosoph]2 he snat*es at x 9 ord] to hold fa/ 8 en*antm5t1 9 ord] to petrify x40 ,f ?is view he nev] dep>t$4 ,9 ,beyond ,good & ,evil he repeats 8 belief 9 ! p]sonal "* ( ?\ght3 8,9 ea* c>d9al problem !re speaks an un*angeable #8,i am ?is'2 a ?9k] _c le>n anew ab\t man & woman1 = in/ance1 b c only le>n fully--he c only foll[ to ! end :at is #8fix$' ab\t !m 9 himself40 ,& aga9 9 ,z>a?u/ra3 8#8,?is is n[ my way--:]e is y\rs8' ,?us did ,i answ] ^? :o ask$ me #8! way4' ,= ! way--x do? n exi/40 ,& s1 = ,nietzs*e1 tru? is inf9itely v>iable1 m9t$ afre% by ea* man & dep5d5t ^u 8 image & sup]scription = a gu>antee ( its p>ticul> validity4 ,x 0 = ?is reason t he despis$ ! elaborate /age-play ( reason+4 ,he believ$ t to exhibit ideas 9 a :ite light & at a mean temp]ature1 :5 !y (f]$ !mselves 9 ! gl[ ( ! morn+ or 9 ! heat ( noon1 0 to /rip !m ( _! cr$5tials4 ,he insi/$ t 8 own ?\ghts 7 true 9 relation to himself1 & pres]v$ _! concret5ess by way ( pres]v+ ! conditions ( _! tru?4 ,he refus$ ! /ep f ! concrete to ! ab/ract z a /ep into annihilation1 & 9 ?is way id5tifi$ himself ) ! poets4 ,to misund]/& him "h is to misread him ev]y:]e4 ,we are exam9+1 !n1 9 ,fri$ri* ,nietzs*e a man ^: view ( tru? dem&$ ! p]sonal pres5ce ( ! ?9k] z gu>antee ( ! ?\ght4 ,consequ5tly1 ?\gh = reasons ,i h already giv5 x is usual on ! "p ( philosoph]s & _! critics to rule ! p]sonality ( a ?9k] out ( a discussion ( 8 ?\ght1 "h1 at lea/1 we are ju/ifi$ 9 glanc+ at a man's "* be=e we exam9e ! ideas t w help u to fill x out to approximate v]isimilitude4 ,nietzs*e 0 born on ,octob] #ae1 #ahdd1 w5t mad 9 ,janu>y #ahhi1 & di$ on ,augu/ #be1 #aijj4 ,8 fa!r 0 a c\ntry p>son1 simple1 upright1 patriotic & mon>*ical4 ,he f\nd joy 9 ! co9cid5ce ( 8 son's bir?day ) t ( ,k+ ,fri$ri* ,wilhelm ,,iv1 & ?is circum/ance gave ,nietzs*e 8 names4 ,8 "m 0 a "y woman ( high spirits & great physical en]gy1 s exub]ant & s lovable z to be describ$ z 8a gorge\s savage0 by h] "m-9-law4 ,8 fa!r1 8preorda9$ to pay only a fly+ visit--a graci\s rem9d] ( life r ?an life itself10 di$ 9 8 six & ?irtie? ye>1 be=e ,nietzs*e 0 five4 ,a gr&mo!r1 two aunts & 8 "m presid$ ov] a pi\s happy *ildhood1 f :i* he em]g$ z a model s*oolboy1 laughably virtu\s1 walk+ sl[ly home 9 a ra9/orm 9 spite ( 8 "m's fr5zi$ urg+1 & rebuk+ ?is urg+ ) pa9$ au/]ity3 8,b1 mamma1 9 ! rules ( ! s*ool x is writt51 #8,on leav+ s*ool boys are =bidd5 to jump & run ab\t 9 ! /reets1 b mu/ walk quietly & decor\sly to _! homes4'0 ,?is s$at5ess p]si/$ ) him1 al?\gh he c\ld s completely =get himself 9 play+ ) *ildr51 t :5 he 0 tw5ty-six & a pr(essor1 he 0 laugh$ at & told he 0 only f\rte54 ,he always dress$ ) notable nicety4 ,?\gh he said1 ) pride1 t he w\ld r be a satyr ?an a sa9t1 he _h a dignity t belongs r to hol9ess ?an to lu/4 ,*ildr5 & old wom5 lov$ him4 ,! fruit-sell]s 9 ! ,tur9 m>ket-place hurri$ to pick out = him _! f9e/ grapes4 ,he _h g5tle mann]s1 a beautiful voice1 & a pr(\nd s5se ( ! polit5ess t an ari/ocrat owes to himself4 ,he clung to ! leg5d t he 0 ! desc5dant ( ,poli% noblem51 & 0 pr\d ( be+ mi/ak5 by ,poles = a ,pole1 t ,fr5*man among ! ,slavs4 ,8 fav\rite books 7 ! c\rte\s unruffl$ ,fr5* morali/s ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 & ! works ( ,/5dhal1 :o resembl$ !m 9 we>+ a sword & 9 8 love ( f9e mann]s4 ,8 prec>i\s heal? gave him extreme s5sitiv5ess to 8 physical condition4 ,he believ$ t cle> ?9k+ 0 only possible 9 dry air & on hills4 ,8 highe/ praise = 8 "w 0 t x 0 m\nta9 ?\ght4 ,he compos$ 9 ! op5 air & 9 motion1 & advis$ o!r p to foll[ 8 example4 8,rema9 seat$ z little z possible1 put no tru/ 9 any ?\ght t is n born 9 ! op51 to ! accompanim5t ( free bodily motion--nor 9 "o 9 :i* ev5 ! muscles d n celebrate a fea/4 ,all prejudices take _! orig9 9 ! inte/9es40 ,he seiz$ on ,flaub]t's 8,on ne peut p5s] et crire qu'assis10 ) a cry3 8,"h h ,i got y1 y nihili/8 ,a s$5t>y life is ! real s9 aga9/ ! ,holy ,_s4 ,only ^? ?\ghts t come by walk+ h any value40 ,he def5d$ himself aga9/ ! *>ge ( decad5ce1 claim+ t 8ap>t f ! fact t ,i am a decad5t1 ,i am also ! rev]se ( su* a creature40 ,a decad5t1 he said1 0 "o attract$ by :at 0 detrim5tal to him1 8z ! cabbage attracts ! veget>ian40 ,a heal?y man1 on ! o!r h&1 enjoys :at is good = him1 possesses 8! w to heal?10 & 8is /rong en\gh to make ev]y?+ turn to 8 own advantage40 ,he f\nd 9 convalesc5ce 8a pale delicate light & a sun%9e happ9ess10 8a feel+ ( bird-l fre$om1 prospect1 & haught9ess40 ,f ! comb9ation ( 8 ill-heal? & 8 heal?9ess 7he 0 9 y\? at lea/ physically robu/71 ,nietzs*e le>nt1 he says1 8to look ^u heal?i] concepts & values f ! /&po9t ( ! sick1 & conv]sely to look d[n ^u ! secret "w ( ! in/9cts ( decad5ce f ! /&po9t ( him :o is lad5 & ri* ) ! ri*ness ( life40 ,he m5tions 8! sweetness & spirituality :i* is almo/ insep>able f extreme pov]ty ( blood & muscle10 & rememb]s ! unusual dialectical cle>ness he enjoy$ :ile suff]+ f heada*e & nausea4 ,he 0 m consci\s ?an mo/ m5 t 8 body %>$ 9 ! adv5tures ( 8 bra94 ,:5 ! idea ( ,et]nal ,recurr5ce came into 8 m9d by ! lake ( ,silvaplana1 high 9 ! m\nta9s1 x 0 p]haps ) "s recognition ( ?is t1 aft] scribbl+ x d[n on a %eet ( pap]1 he add$ ! exultant po/script3 8#fjjj feet beyond man & "t60 ,su*1 sket*$ z briefly z possible1 is ! physiological backgr\nd on :i* we mu/ set 8 "w4 ,! great] "p ( t "w 7:i* fills sev5te5 volumes 9 ! ,engli% translation7 is made up ( %ort numb]$ p>agraphs1 arrang$ "u g5]al head+s4 ,! lectures & poems are1 inde$1 ! only exceptions1 = ?\gh ,! ,bir? ( ,trag$y1 & ! essays call$ ,?\ghts out ( ,season1 are less dis9tegrat$ ?an lat] books1 we c p]ceive1 9 _! numb]$ sections1 ! promise ( sections %ort] & cont9ually %ort5+ to ! brief 8,maxims & ,missiles0 at ! beg9n+ ( ,! ,twilight ( ! ,idols4 ,ev5 ,?us ,spake ,z>a?u/ra 0 built 9 a simil> mann]1 ?\gh disguis$ by ! ru% ( prophecy & a m def9ite g5]al s*eme4 ,nietzs*e all[$ su* con/ructive p[] z he _h to atrophy4 ,he 0 nev] a sy/ematic ?9k]1 b1 because 8 p>agraphs are n su* sep>ate & individual obs]vations l ^? ( ,*am=t or ,vauv5>gues2 because !y 7 (t5 writt5 9 swift succession1 "o aft] ano!r1 !re is a dang]\s possibility t 9 read+ !m we may feel we are read+ notes = a book :i* ! au?or has n tr\bl$ to piece toge!r into ! sup]ficial =m to :i* we are accu/om$4 ,we may res5t ?is1 b we are m likely to gr[ we>y ( ! con/ant *ange ( subject1 ( ! /accato it]ation ( ideas )\t prologues or epilogues to awak5 sl[ly & lull aga9 to repose our sluggi% bra9s4 ,x is well to rememb] t we h le>nt to read too fa/1 & t ,nietzs*e =esaw our discom=t4 8,he t write? 9 blood do? n want to be read b le>nt by he>t4444 ,x is no easy task to und]/& unfamili> blood4 ,i hate ! read+ idl]s40 ,we cease to feel ! sup]ficial confusion & inconsi/5cy ( ^? t5 ?\s& p>agraphs :5 we become bett] aw>e ( ! half-doz5 ideas t 7 ! p>5ts ( t num]\s family4 ,we are !n able to trace a p>agraph's p$igree1 & to place x 9 a l>g] s*eme ?an t ( ! volume 9 :i* x happ5s to be pr9t$4 ,no read] ( ,nietzs*e c h fail$ to notice t 8 books1 diff]5t 9 detail1 diff]5t 9 application1 yet (t5 seem co9cid5t ) ea* o!r4 ,nor is ?is due to *ance repetitions t w\ld betray an uncritical improvisation4 ,x is an accurate indication ( ,nietzs*e's habit ( m9d4 ,8 books 7 glean+s1 &1 aft] 8 mature "w began1 !y 7 glean+s f fields almo/ uni=mly s[n4 ,! seasons v>i$ & ! s[]'s arm 0 irregul> 9 its sw+1 b ! h>ve/ 0 always f a field t _h be5 f]tilis$ by a fairly uni=m mixture ( ideas4 ,! ideas ( ! pragmatic nature ( tru?1 ( ,et]nal ,recurr5ce1 ( ! ,w to ,p[]1 ( ! ,sup]man1 & ( ma/] & s]vant morality1 yield 9 book aft] book a new crop ( less] ideas1 appli$1 amplifi$1 re/rict$ or illu/rat$ 9 psy*ological obs]vation4 ,= ?is reason ,i d n int5d1 9 :at c b be a %ort essay1 any detail$ criticism ( ,nietzs*e's books1 b r to note ! results ( su* criticism4 ,! read+ ( 8 books1 unless x be impati5t1 c>eless1 & unwor?y1 is a process ( discov]+ :at 7 ^? half-doz5 ideas t sep>at$ ,nietzs*e f ! ?9k]s ( 8 "t1 /imulat$ 8 bra9 until at la/ x broke1 & dur+ _m ye>s kept him 9 ! lonely joyful ec/asy ( cont9ual exploration4 8,! fir/ adh]5ts ( a cre$ d n prove any?+ aga9/ x10 b !y (t5 s obscure x z to po/pone its ev5tual utility4 ,"s ( ! half-doz5 ideas ,i h m5tion$ h be5 s (t5 c>icatur$ t x is extremely difficult to recognise !m )\t ! exagg]ation ) :i* we h be5 made famili>4 ,x is n easy to /ate ano!r man's ideas4 ,to fail is to d him an injury4 ,to succe$ is n unlike tak+ ! words out ( 8 m\?1 :i* is rude4 ,b ,i am nei!r a translator ( ,nietzs*e nor an oppon5t4 ,i wi% to und]/&1 n to p]suade4 ,&1 = und]/&+1 su* /atem5t is desirable4 ,nietzs*e nei!r escapes nor attempts to escape ! contradictions 9 ! =m ( ?\ght t make logic & life battl$ores to toss laught] at ea* o!r l a %uttlecock4 ,he is a det]m9i/ & yet gives advice1 ! giv+ ( :i* presupposes a belief 9 free w & a possible *oice4 ,he seeks to influ5ce o!rs1 &1 9 8 mann] at lea/1 =gets t ! logical det]m9i/ %\ld only all[ himself to say3 8,circum/ances compel me to make c]ta9 /atem5ts1 :i*1 9 ! =m ( circum/ances1 may or may n %>e 9 ! sum ( circum/ances t compel y to actions & ?\ghts :i* 9 _! totality ,i _c conceive40 ,t is n ! view ( 8 own activity :i* dictates ! eag] vivid comb9ation ( argum5t & incantation t makes ,nietzs*e's books4 ,he is free1 9 t he has ! illusion ( fre$om4 ,! illusion ( fre$om is "o ( ! det]m9+ circum/ances4 ,its effect is to make x unnecess>y to rememb] 9 practice t circum/ances det]m9e4 ,we ne$ n !re=e hesitate ov] ! inconsi/5cy app>5t betwe5 "s ( ,nietzs*e's ideas4 ,we d bett] to notice x z *>act]i/ic ( 8 ?\ght1 & simply to /ate 8 ideas1 rememb]+1 if we w1 t !y belong to diff]5t circles ( consci\sness2 "s to t wid] circle t includes ! univ]se & ) x det]m9ism1 & "s to t small] circle1 conc5tric ) ! fir/1 & includ+ only ! area ( practical activity4 ,let u be det]m9i/s fir/ & exam9e ! ,nietzs*ean univ]se4 ,! idea ( ,et]nal ,recurr5ce seems to h _h = ,nietzs*e some?+ ( ! hypnotic "* ( ^? ideas t made ,poe write ( 8 ,eureka3 8,:at ,i "h prop\nd is true3 !re=e x _c die2--or if by any means x be n[ trodd5 d[n s t x die1 x w #8rise aga9 to ! ,life ,ev]la/+4'0 ,inde$ ! idea itself is n unlike t ( ,poe1 :o1 untra9$ alike 9 philology & philosophy1 express$ himself 9 a mann] t w\ld h giv5 ,nietzs*e exquisite pa93 8,guid+ our imag9ation by t omnipreval5t law ( laws1 ! law ( p]iodicity1 we are n1 inde$1 m ?an ju/ifi$ 9 ent]ta9+ a belief--let u say1 r1 indulg+ a hope--t ! processes we h v5tur$ to contemplate w be r5ew$ = ev]1 & = ev]1 & = ev]2 a novel ,univ]se swell+ into exi/5ce1 & !n subsid+ into no?+ness1 at e ?rob ( ! ,he>t ,div9e80 7,poe's ,eureka47 ,n[ ,nietzs*e w\ld n h spok5 ( a 8,he>t ,div9e10 ev5 expla9+1 z ,poe did1 t ?is he>t 0 our own2 b he did contemplate a p]petually self-r5ew+ ,univ]se4 ,only--& h]e9 lay ! importance ( 8 idea to himself--he saw x r5ew+ itself 9 e detail1 9 e m9ute/ action ( ! m9ute/ ( its individual p>ts1 at e mom5t ( its cycle4 ,e mom5t ( ! future be+ dep5d5t ^u & involv$ 9 ! pres5t mom5t1 soon] or lat] 9 ! c\rse ( "t !re w\ld come a mom5t simil> 9 e detail to a mom5t t _h already exi/$1 ?us gu>antee+ a simil> s]ies ( mom5ts till x %\ld recur1 & s on4 ,he said3 8,if ! ,univ]se may be conceiv$ z a def9ite quantity ( en]gy1 z a def9ite numb] ( c5tres ( en]gy--& e o!r concept rema9s indef9ite & !re=e useless--x foll[s !refrom t ! ,univ]se mu/ g ?r\gh a calculable numb] ( comb9ations 9 ! great game ( *ance :i* con/itutes its exi/5ce4 ,9 inf9ity1 at "s mom5t or o!r1 e possible comb9ation mu/ once h be5 realis$2 n only ?is1 b x mu/ h be5 realis$ an inf9ite numb] ( times4 ,& inasmu* z betwe5 e "o ( ^! comb9ations & its next recurr5ce1 e o!r possible comb9ation w\ld necess>ily h be5 und]gone1 & s9ce e "o ( ^! comb9ations w\ld det]m9e ! :ole s]ies 9 ! same ord]1 a circul> movem5t ( absolutely id5tical s]ies is ?us demon/rat$2 ! ,univ]se is ?us %[n to be a circul> movem5t :i* has already repeat$ itself an inf9ite numb] ( times1 & :i* plays its game = all et]nity40 ,nietzs*e1 hypnotis$ by ?is idea1 believ$ x new1 b !re is a cle> sugge/ion ( x 9 ! ?ird book ( ,lucretius' poem3 8,nam cum respicias imm5si temporis omne ,praet]itum spatium1 tum motus mat]iai ,multimodis quam s9t1 facile hoc adcr$]e possis1 ,sem9a saepe 9 eodem1 ut nunc sunt1 ord9e po/a ,haec eadem1 quibus e nunc nos sumus1 ante fuisse3 ,nec memori tam5 id quimus repreh5d]e m5te3 ,int] enim jecta/ vitai pausa1 vageque ,de]r>unt passim motus ab s5sibus omnes40 ,l9es :i* ,mr4 ,cyril ,bailey 9 8 translation ( ,lucretius#f admirably r5d]s z foll[s3 8,= :5 y look back ov] all ! lapse ( immeasurable "t t n[ is gone1 & ?9k h[ manifold are ! motions ( matt]1 y c\ld easily believe ?is too1 t ^! same se$s1 :]e( we n[ are made1 h (t5 be5 plac$ 9 ! same ord] z !y are n[2 & yet we _c recall t 9 our life's memory2 = 9 betwe5 lies a break 9 life1 & all ! motions h w&]$ ev]y:]e f> a/ray f s5se40 ,! "* ( ,nietzs*e's ?9k+ appe>s 9 8 application ( ?is idea4 ,x is = him 8! great discipl9>y ?\ght10 & he leaps ! gulf betwe5 det]m9ism & free w 9 ! mo/ c>eless mann]1 to rem>k3 8,! "q :i* ?\ %alt h to answ] be=e e de$ t ?\ doe/--,is ?is su* a de$ z ,i am prep>$ to p]=m an inf9ite numb] ( times8--is ! be/ balla/40 ,x does n matt] to him at all t a det]m9i/ idea is to be us$ z a /&>d ( *oice by a be+ ^: free w he assumes4 ,8 ?\ghts are all ?\ghts = himself to live )4 ,he is consci\s ( !m n z ab/ractions1 b p>ticul>ly1 z concrete ?+s1 comb9ations ( ideas ) _! effects4 ,he is able to speak ( ,et]nal ,recurr5ce z 8! mo/ oppressive ?\ght10 & to consid] 8! means ( endur+ x40 ,i _c imag9e ,kant or ,b]keley speak+ s ( _! ideas4 ,mov+ n[ 9 a small] circle ( consci\sness1 let u exam9e ,nietzs*e's view ( ! _w & man & man's activity )9 ?is et]nally recurr+ univ]se4 8,! _w10 he says1 8z we "k x1 is repres5tation & errone\s repres5tation3 ! _w1 if we c\ld "k x1 might well give u a s5sation ( disillusion1 #8s full ( mean+1 s deep1 s wond]ful1 be>+ happ9ess & unhapp9ess 9 its bosom1' is ! _w t we unconsci\sly create40 ,9 ,nietzs*e's _w we come at once to ! ?ird ( 8 rul+ ideas 7! fir/ be+ 8 idea ( tru?1 ! second1 ,et]nal ,recurr5ce74 ,a regim5t ( artill]y1 gallop+ to w>1 fill$ ,nietzs*e 7:o 0 at ! "t s]v+ z assi/ant to ! field surgeon7 ) disgu/ at ! conception ( a dull /ruggle = life t dictat$ mo/ n9ete5? c5tury ?\ght4 ,s*op5hau]1 at t "t /ill 8 ma/]1 _h suppos$ t ! motive ( man 0 ! w to live4 ,b1 z ! regim5t ( artill]y ?und]$ to battle1 ,nietzs*e answ]$1 ,no2 ! w to p[]1 9 :i* t o!r w may or may n be includ$4 ,m5 are will+ to risk exi/5ce2 !y are n ready to risk p[]1 unless 9 hope ( increas$ int5sity ( p[]1 or ( an increas$ area ov] :i* to ex]cise x4 ,b ! ,w to ,p[] is to be f\nd 9 races z well z 9 individuals2 x is ! motive n ( races only b ( humanity4 ,humanity wills to p[]1 wills to ! cont9ual re-creation ( itself z a species ev] m p[]ful2 wills1 z ,nietzs*e puts x1 ! creation ( ! ,sup]man4 ,?is is ! f\r? ( 8 ideas4 ,"h1 aga91 ,nietzs*e's concrete habit ( ?\ght expos$ him to misund]/&+1 n only by 8 disciples1 b also by himself4 ,he did n at fir/ imag9e ! ,sup]man z a sudd5ly appe>+ demi-god ^: pa? 0 to be made smoo? by ! human sacrifices ( ! 8d[n-go]s40 ,he saw him z ! result ( a long cont9u$ & consci\s w to p[]1 work+ ?r\gh _m g5]ations1 & gradually evolv+ a sup]ior type4 ,mu* ( 8 writ+ is devot$ to mak+ consci\s ?is p>ticul> application ( ! w4 ,b ! idea ( a sup]ior type %one ) su* effulg5ce z to dazzle 8 eyes1 & to bl9d him to ! sl[ evolution :i* he w\ld nev] h d5i$4 ,he c\ld say ) ,seann*an1 ! poet3 8,! />s _h come s ne> me t ,i caught ,_! s++4 ,x 0 praise ( t great race ,t w\ld be haughty1 mir?ful & :ite-bodi$1 ,) a high head1 & op5 h&1 & h[1 ,laugh+1 x w\ld take ! ma/]y ( ! _w40 ,sup]m5 7 no long] m51 b some?+ diff]5t4 ,! long s]ies ( gradually improv+ types vani%$ 9 ! conception ( _! result1 itself to be improv$ ^u1 & x became possible = him to speak ( ,man & ,sup]man z two di/9ct be+s1 =gett+ ! s]ies ( be+s no less di/9ct impli$ by ! developm5t ( "o into ! o!r4 ,"h1 too1 x is pr(itable to notice h[ ,nietzs*e translat$ an idea f speculation into life4 ,! hypo!sis ( ! future ,sup]man all[$ him a noble view ( fri5d%ip4 ,he has (t5 be5 comp>$ to ,:itman1 p>tly1 no d\bt1 because ! rhy?mical ,z>a?u/ra rem9d$ 8 read]s ( ! triumphant1 unrhym$ movem5t ( ! soo?-say+ ,leaves ( ,grass4 ,b 8 fri5d%ip is v diff]5t f ,:itman's4 ,:itman's ! h&-grip1 ! smile at meet+1 ! l>ge tol]ance1 ! collaboration 9 simple ?+s2 ,nietzs*e's a fri5d%ip m exact+4 ,he w\ld h ?\ght ,:itman's fri5d a neighb\r1 & he said1 8,n ! neighb\r d ,i tea* y1 b ! fri5d4 ,let ! fri5d be ! fe/ival ( e>? to y1 & a =eta/e ( ! ,sup]man10 & 8,let ! future & ! f>!/ be ! motive ( ?y to-day2 9 ?y fri5d %alt ?\ love ! ,sup]man z ?y motive40 ,a fri5d = ,nietzs*e 0 "o :o fulfill$ desires t he c\ld n realise himself4 ,n ! lea/ pr(\nd ( 8 obs]vations 0 ?is3 8,our fai? 9 o!rs betraye? :]e9 we w\ld fa9 h fai? 9 ourselves40 ,8 own fri5d%ip ) ,wagn] provides a comm5t>y ( fact4 ,begun 9 ! belief t ,wagn] 0 br++ to e>? su* an art z t ( :i* ,nietzs*e dream$1 & end$ 9 ! disillusion confirm$ by 8! prepond]ance ( ugl9ess1 grotesqu5ess1 & /rong pepp]0 9 ! fir/ p]=mances at ,bayreu?1 x 0 at once ! greate/ inspiration & ! greate/ disappo9tm5t ( 8 life4 ,nietzs*e1 :o _h publi%$ ,! ,bir? ( ,trag$y to s]ve ,wagn]1 wrote ,! ,case ( ,wagn] to de/roy him1 or1 p]haps1 to cleanse himself ( a mi/ak5 admiration4 ,b li/5 to 8 cle>-sight$ comm5t3 8,i ga9$ an insight into ! inju/ice ( idealism1 by notic+ t ,i av5g$ myself on ,wagn] = ! disappo9t$ hopes ,i _h *]i%$ ( him40 ,nietzs*e's fif? rul+ idea is mo/ cle>ly express$ 9 ! book t he wrote = 8 fri5d4 ,he summ$ x up 9 ! words ,amor ,fati1 ! acceptance ( life1 be x :at x might1 a joyful 8yea-say+0 to all its pron\ncem5ts1 writt5 9 ! mo/ cruel facts ?\gh !y might be4 ,n[ ?is1 z he po9t$ out1 is ! attitude ( ! tragic arti/1 ^: "w is ! expression n ( pity b ( a pr\d acquiesc5ce1 an acquiesc5ce t is an intellectual conque/4 ,he wi%$ m5 to be arti/s 9 _! attitude t[>ds life1 & ?is desire br\ght 8 writ+s on art ne>] to 8! bus9ess & bosoms ( m50 ?an ! discreet di/ance f ^! ?+s usually pres]v$ by ae/hetic !ory4 ,8 ,bir? ( ,trag$y 0 n m]ely an hi/orical speculation1 b (f]$ = ! criticism ( life words t ,nietzs*e appli$ = ! mom5t to ! criticism ( art4 ,^! words 7 8,apollonian0 & 8,dionysian40 ,! latt] ^w has be5 p]si/5tly appli$ to ,nietzs*e himself1 ?\gh he saw 89 ! frat]nal union ( ,apollo & ,dionysus ! climax ( ! ,apollonian z well z ( ! ,dionysian arti/ic aims40 ,:at does he mean by ?is anti!tical conception8 ,let me answ] by two quotations3 #a4 8,x is 9 connection ) ,apollo & ,dionysus1 ! two art-deities ( ! ,greeks1 t we le>n t !re exi/$ 9 ! ,grecian _w a wide anti!sis1 9 orig9 & aims1 betwe5 ! art ( ! %ap]1 ! ,apollonian1 & ! non-pla/ic art ( music1 t ( ,dionysus3 bo? ^! s het]og5e\s t5d5cies 7 p>allel to ea* o!r1 = ! mo/ "p op5ly at v>iance1 & cont9ually incit+ ea* o!r to new & m p[]ful bir?s1 to p]petuate 9 !m ! /rife ( ?is anti!sis1 :i* is b seem+ly bridg$ ov] by _! mutual t]m #8,art'2 till at la/1 by a metaphysical miracle ( ! ,hell5ic w1 !y appe> pair$ ) ea* o!r1 & ?r\gh ?is pair+ ev5tually g5]ate ! equally ,dionysian & ,apollonian art-"w ( ,attic trag$y40 #b4 8,9 contra/ to all ^? :o are int5t on d]iv+ ! arts f "o exclusive pr9ciple1 z ! necess>y vital s\rce ( e "w ( art1 ,i keep my eyes fix$ on ! two arti/ic deities ( ! ,greeks1 ,apollo & ,dionysus1 & recognise 9 !m ! liv+ & conspicu\s repres5tatives ( two worlds ( art :i* diff] 9 _! intr9sic ess5ce & 9 _! highe/ aims4 ,apollo /&s be=e me z ! transfigur+ g5ius ( ! pr9cipium individuationis ?r\gh :i* alone ! r$emption 9 appe>ance is to be truly atta9$1 :ile by ! my/ical *e] ( ,dionysus ! spell ( individuation is brok51 & ! way lies op5 to ! ,mo!rs ( ,be+1 to ! inn]mo/ he>t ( ?+s40 ,he conceives ^! z 8! sep>ate art-worlds ( dreaml& & drunk5ness10 & makes = himself a p>able ab\t ! ,apollonian arti/ 9 dreams & ! ,dionysian arti/ 9 ec/asies1 comp>able to ,blake's poem ( 8,! ,m5tal ,travell]10 9 :i* !re is j su* an alt]nation ( conque/ & captivity3 8,& if ! babe is born a boy ,he's giv5 to a woman old1 ,:o nails him d[n ^u a rock1 ,cat*es 8 %rieks 9 cups ( gold4 ,%e b9ds iron ?orns ar\nd 8 head1 ,%e pi]ces bo? 8 h&s & feet1 ,%e cuts 8 he>t out at 8 side1 ,to make x feel bo? cold & heat4 ,h] f+]s numb] e n]ve1 ,j z a mis] c\nts 8 gold2 ,%e lives ^u 8 %rieks & cries1 ,& %e gr[s "y z he gr[s old4 ,till he becomes a ble$+ y\?1 ,& %e becomes a virg9 bright2 ,!n he r5ds up 8 manacles1 ,& b9ds h] d[n = 8 delight40 ,x is a f9e pictorial expression ( ! =mative processes ( consci\sness1 ! dom9ation ( ! unconsci\s flux by ! %ap+ ( ! kn[+ intellect1 & ! escape ( t flux1 ! ov]balanc+ ( ! intellect by ! onru% ( unrealis$ impressions4 ,i d n ?9k x has or c h any deep] significance 9 ae/hetic criticism4 ,x 01 h[ev]1 ( consid]able s]vice to ,nietzs*e 9 ! criticism ( life4 ,9 life1 he w\ld be1 = ! mom5t1 a wor%ipp] ( ,dionysus1 seek+ less to control life ?an to live--because ,dionysus1 he felt1 0 be+ a little neglect$4 ,9 a 8,dionysian age0 he w\ld h left ec/asy bel[ him & wor%ipp$ ! placid ,apollo1 %ap+ dreams untr\bl$ by ! turmoil 9 ! valleys4 ,9 su* an age z t = :i* he hop$1 su* an age z t ( ,greek trag$y1 he w\ld h /orm$ ,olympus at ! head ( ! ,dionysian revell]s1 & conqu]$ ! ,dionysian ec/asy to b9d x captive 9 ! s]vice ( ,apollo4 ,!re rema9s ,nietzs*e's di/9ction betwe5 good & evil & good & bad4 ,8 conception ( morality resembles 8 conception ( tru?4 ,morality & tru?1 l ! ,sabba?1 7 made = man1 n man = !m4 ,he goes fur!r1 believ+ t !y 7 made & are cont9ually be+ re-made by man4 8,!re is no su* ?+ z moral ph5om5a1 b only a moral int]pretation ( ph5om5a10 :i* int]pretation a free & heal?y man %\ld make 9 accordance ) 8 own nature4 ,! morality g5]ally curr5t 9 8 "t ,nietzs*e believ$ to be slave morality1 z oppos$ to ari/ocratic or rul] morality1 & he attribut$ its preval5ce to ! spread+ ( ! ,*ri/ian religion4 ,he believ$ t good 0 inv5t$ by ^? :o possess$ x4 8,! judgm5t #8good' did n orig9ate among ^? to :om goodness 0 %[n4 ,mu* r has x be5 ! good !mselves2 t is1 ! ari/ocratic1 ! p[]ful1 ! high-/ation$1 ! high-m9d$1 :o h felt t !y !mselves 7 good1 & t _! actions 7 good3 t is to say ( ! fir/ ord]1 9 contradi/9ction to all ! l[1 ! l[-m9d$1 ! vulg>1 & ! plebeian40 ,! code ( hon\r1 ! li/ ( de$s t a g5tleman =bids himself1 w\ld1 ,i suppose1 be consid]$ by ,nietzs*e z a survival ( ?is orig9al morality4 ,he weighs 8moral int]pretations0 ( ph5om5a 9 ! same scale z he weighs 8tru?s10 ask+1 8,h !y up to ! pres5t h9d]$ or advanc$ human well-be+80 ,8 ho/ility to ,*ri/ianity may be trac$ to 8 answ] to ?is "q4 ,! replacem5t ( ! ari/ocratic judgm5t ( actions done1 by ! plebeian judgm5t on actions suff]$1 ! sub/itution ( ! slave's po9t ( view = t ( ! rul]1 & its half-he>t$ adoption by ^? :o %\ld rule 7 imp$im5ts to t rul+1 & *ecks to ! w to p[] 9 :i* he recognis$ ! ma9spr+ ( human activity4 ,he f\nd !n t ! common morality 0 ho/ile to ! highe/ developm5t ( humanity1 a fru/ration ( its highe/ hopes by hamp]+ ! w to p[] ( 8! highe/ m510 & proce$$ to call ^? :o _h e>s to li/5 8beyond good & evil10 begg+ !m to make _! own int]pretation ( ph5om5a1 & n to accept t ( m5 ^: submission to !mselves %\ld be "p ( _! natural ambition4 ,! morality ( 8! small0 is1 he says1 a h&icap to great] m51 because 8virtue = !m is :at make? mode/ & tame3 !re) h !y made ! wolf a dog1 & man himself man's be/ dome/ic animal40 ,he delights accord+ly 9 us+ z t]ms = praise ! words t 8! small0 use 9 condemnation4 ,he speaks1 = example1 ( ! 8widespread heav5 ( cle> wick$ spirituality10 a spirituality beyond ! good & evil ( ! tame4 ,yet he w\ld n aboli% ! tame1 nor light5 _! %ackles4 8,= mu/ !re n be t :i* is danc$ ov]1 danc$ beyond8 ,mu/ !re n1 = ! sake ( ! nimble1 ! nimble/--be moles & clumsy dw>fs80 ,x is n ,nietzs*e's fault t 8 books h /imulat$ 8moles & clumsy dw>fs0 to ! grotesque ex]cise ( try+ to dance ov] !mselves4 ,he did n write = !m1 & told !m s4 ,he insi/$ at all times t he wrote 8= high] ones1 /rong] ones1 m triumphant & m]ri]1 = su* z are built squ>ely 9 body & s\l40 ,& 8 writ+s are int5d$ to tea* su* 8laugh+ lions0 to 8become :at !y are10 unimp$$ by ! morality t a ?\s& h&s (f] !m f bel[4 ,he has n ! va91 fooli% hope ( do+ away ) moralities1 b asks ea* ( 8 8high] m50 to be true to 8 own4 ,if he goes 8beyond good & evil10 he is to c>ry ) him 8 private scale ( good & bad1 ) :i* he is to measure 8 de$s 9 accordance ) ! w to p[] t leads him & 8 desc5dants to a high]1 a m laugh+ p]fection4 ,aft] ! brief /atem5t ( ^! ideas1 we c exam9e ) bett] hope ( und]/&+ ! g5]al "* ( ,nietzs*e's ?\ght4 ,x 0 n 8sy/ematic0 9 ! usual s5se1 b x seems to me fooli% to describe z 8unsy/ematic0 a me?od ( ?9k+ ^: =mula 0 z simple z 84 ,he us$ ! ideas ,i h catalogu$ precisely z ! al*emi/s hop$ to use ! philosoph]'s /one = ! transmutation ( metals4 ,apply+ !m sev]ally or toge!r to a v l>ge numb] ( /atem5ts he not$ ! result+ reactions1 & f\nd t !y turn$ truisms into popul> fallacies4 ,8 books accord+ly became corrections ( ,pseudodoxia4 ,he saw1 = example1 t if ! ,w to ,p[] be sub/itut$ = ! ,w to ,live1 & ,rul] = ,slave ,morality1 ! common judgm5ts ( m5 on ev]y?+ 9 ! _w t is capable ( moral int]pretation are 9 "s way *ang$4 ,he 0 n cont5t to leave o!rs to f9d out 9 :at way4 ,he call$ ?is *ange a 8transvaluation ( values10 & wi%$ ?us to transvaluate all values1 & s to (f] to o!r m5 & to himself a new repres5tation ( ! _w 9 ! light ( 8 own ideas1 a task s ,sisyphean t x is 9 itself a suffici5t explanation ( ! collapse ( 8 bra94 ,8 madness 0 n promis$ by 8 "w1 any m ?an a brok5 neck is promis$ by rid+ to h\nds4 ,nor did ! vivid summ] lightn+ ( 8 m9d de/roy him or ev5 ?reat5 de/ruction4 ,8 madness 0 a cata/rophe1 n ! culm9ation ( a disease4 ,8 me?od ( ?\ght1 ! cont9ual endless application ( 8 ideas1 all[$ him to ?9k too fa/4 ,no s$ate erection ( a sy/em kept 8 bra9 to a normal spe$4 ,its disa/] 0 l t ( an eng9e :i* 8races10 z eng9e]s say1 breaks its crank%aft1 or s :irls its fly:eel z to all[ x to satisfy its c5trifugality4 ,all m5 build worlds = !mselves1 b !y borr[ f ea* o!r1 & are cont5t to fill ) ha/y sc5e-pa9t+ ! gaps 9 _! con/ruction4 ,no man is capable ( build+ 9 innum]able fragm5ts a _w complete & homog5e\s4 ,nietzs*e's m9d1 work+ ) fr5zi$1 un*eck$ spe$ 9 ?is p]il\s attempt1 ran sudd5ly amok1 & snapp$1 & ) its snapp+ 8 life ends4 ,! automaton t f$ & slept & 0 n sure if x _h writt5 books1 0 n ,nietzs*e1 ?\gh x prolong$ 8 physical exi/5ce4 ,= u ,nietzs*e di$ 9 ,janu>y #ahhi2 ! t5 ye>s ?r\gh :i* he liv$ unconsci\s ( himself 7 l ! mon?s ( ,m4 ,valdem>4 ,he 0 a dead man1 :o felt ! cold & ! heat1 & drank tea ) ! liv+4 ,x is usual = 8 enemies to expla9 8 "w by 8 madness2 x is wis] to consid] 8 madness z ! result ( too mu* work+1 to c\nt 8 life z end$ :5 he lo/ 8 sanity1 &1 rememb]+ ! cl>ity ( 8 la/ writ+s1 to refuse s easy an escape f ! task ( appreciation4 ,nietzs*e's applications ( 8 ideas 9 book aft] book are n frigid illu/rations1 b s5t5ces1 maxims1 aphorisms1 & obs]vations ( great psy*ological subtlety1 e>n+ a place beside ^? ( ,la ,ro*ef\cauld1 ,vauv5>gues1 or ,/5dhal by ! gu>antee ( a scale ( values peculi> to _! au?or4 ,i ?9k x n impossible t ,nietzs*e w "o day be rememb]$ *iefly z a psy*ologi/ & morali/1 a late n9ete5? c5tury repres5tative ( a great tradition1 & t ! ideas :i* are n[ a noise 9 m5's e>s1 &1 misund]/ood1 obscure our views ( him1 w !n be rem>k$ m]ely z explanatory ( 8 psy*ology's private & individual tone4 ,! ,sup]man w be m5tion$ 9 a note app5d$ to 8 obs]vations on fri5ds & fri5d%ip1 & 8 !ory ( ! ,w to ,p[] tuck$ away 9 small pr9t = ^? :o wi% m cle>ly to und]/& 8 rem>ks on self-developm5t or w>4 ,i h n spok5 ( ,nietzs*e z an arti/4 ,t prose1 n[ hamm]-weld$1 n[ silv] filigree1 danc+1 walk+1 runn+ 9 "t ) 8 ideas & moods1 is n ! lea/ ( 8 a*ievem5ts4 ,:5 he wrote3 8,"o day x w be said ( ,he9e & me t we 7 by f> ! greate/ arti/s ( ! ,g]man language t h ev] exi/$1 & t we left all ! ef=ts t m]e ,g]mans made 9 ?is language an incalculable di/ance beh9d u10 he 0 n f> f ! tru?4 ,?us spake ,z>a?u/ra1 t ,ossianic poem ( a h]o ( ?\ght1 ,ecce ,homo1 9 ! self-ass]tion ( :i* is n only pride1 b pride a little hurt t x %\ld h s to ass]t itself1 ^? p>agraphs ( witty & pr(\nd psy*ology1 ! noble essays on ,s*op5hau] & ,hi/ory1 ! muddl$ processional triumph ( ,! ,bir? ( ,trag$y2 :atev] be our view ( 8 ideas1 we _c b admire ! arti/ :o made ^! ?+s4 ,8 v ?\ght has an ae/hetic value1 z he saw himself1 due1 no d\bt1 to its concret5ess2 9 read+ 8 books we are translat$ to ! tops ( m\nta9s1 :]e !re is a dry w9d1 a w>m sun1 & sn[ n yet melt$4 ,f> bel[ u are valley & v9ey>d & a sea ) no haze4 ,our lungs are s full t we _c commit 8! s9 aga9/ ! ,holy ,_s02 we _c sit /ill4 ,!re is danc+1 !re is s++ 9 ! air1 &1 z we turn to m s$ate philosophy1 x is z if we 7 sudd5ly to leave sun1 w9d1 & valley = ! cloi/]$ du/ ( a d>k room4 ,9 8 own eyes1 h[ev]1 ,nietzs*e ! arti/1 l ,nietzs*e ! ?9k]1 0 ! humble1 rev]5t s]vant ( ,nietzs*e ! educator4 ,9 *ildhood he made respectful ^w-portraits ( 8 s*oolma/]s4 ,:5 he w5t to ! univ]sities1 he said he 0 sp5d+ 8 "t 9 discov]+ ! be/ means ( tea*+ in/ead ( 9 le>n+ :at 0 usually taught 9 su* places4 ,8 pr(essor%ip 0 a symbol ( 8 life1 & he only resign$ x to sit on m\nta9 tops & tea*4 ,no man s9ce ,plato has _h su* a b\ndless dream ( education4 ,milton desir+ 8 pupils to be good = peace & = w>1 /rong m5 beh9d _! b[s1 skilful ) ! lute1 le>n+ to 8repair ! ru9s ( _! fir/ p>5ts by rega9+ to "k ,god aright10 until 8!y h confirm$ & solidly unit$ ! :ole body ( _! p]fect$ k1 l ! la/ embattl+ ( a ,roman legion03 ,as*am ) 8 long] li/ ( ex]cises1 8n only comely & dec5t1 b also v necess>y = a c\rtly g5tleman to use10 & 8 m detail$ s*eme ( le>n+3 nei!r ( ^! look$ s f> z he1 nei!r ( !m hop$ to educate m ?an m5 ( a city or ( a nation1 & = ! s]vice ( t limit$ community4 ,nietzs*e dream$ ( ! education ( mank9d 9 its highe/ m51 &1 :]e ,milton & ,as*am fe>$ = lack ( tea*]s1 he fe>$ no?+ s mu* z ! sc>city ( wor?y pupils4 8,companions did ! creat+ "o seek1 & *ildr5 ( 8 hope1 & lo1 x turn$ out t he c\ld n f9d !m1 except he himself %\ld fir/ create !m40 ,9 8 e>ly dissatisfaction ) ! educational me?ods ( ! ,g]man univ]sities1 !re 0 m ?an a m]e p$agogic discont5t4 ,9 8 attack on ! pseudo-culture ( su* m5 z ,/rauss1 9 8 exposure ( ! abuse ( hi/ory1 9 8 f>ewell to 8,s*op5hau] z ,educator10 he le>nt m & m cle>ly :at x 0 t he 0 seek+4 ,he s\ght to educate 8high] m50 to be !mselves1 to free !m f imp$im5ts to _! gr[?1 & fail+ t1 to let !m p]ceive ! imp$im5ts & attack !m1 & s weak5 ! enemies long tra9$ to dev\r !m %\ld !y %[ !mselves4 ,= 8 8high] m510 & = no o!rs1 he f\nd ! balla/ ( ! idea ( ,et]nal ,recurr5ce1 to replace ! mislead+ /r+s ( ! morality ( ! d[ntrodd54 ,= _! sakes he de/roy$ ! div9e "r ( ! judgm5ts ( good & ( evil2 !irs 0 to be ! ,amor ,fati1 ! *e]ful acceptance ( life1 !irs ! ,dionysian ec/asy1 & !irs ! ,apollonian calm4 ,= !m he inv5t$ 8 wat*word3 8,man is some?+ t is to be surpass$40 ,he did n expect to f9d su* pupils1 b only to make _! adv5t possible1 to prev5t !m f be+ /rangl$ at bir?4 ,9 ! meantime he spoke on to ! empty b5*es1 &1 h[ev] extravagant1 d>+1 impossible 8 dream may h be51 x is yet a privilege = u to sit & li/5 9 t s*ool ( phantom ,titans4 ,i %all close ?is essay ) a quotation t seems to me to sum up 9 its f9al s5t5ces all t is be/ 9 ,nietzs*e's tea*+1 ! ultimate advice on :i* all 8 "w is a comm5t>y3 8,ah6 ,i h kn[n noble ones :o lo/ _! highe/ hope4 ,& !n !y disp>ag$ all high hopes4 ,!n liv$ !y %amelessly 9 tempor>y pleasures1 & beyond ! day _h h>dly an aim4 #8,_s is also voluptu\sness1' said !y4 ,!n broke ! w+s ( _! _s2 & n[ x creepe? ab\t & defile? :]e x gnawe?4 ,once !y ?\ght ( becom+ h]oes2 b s5suali/s are !y n[4 ,a tr\ble & a t]ror is a h]o to !m4 ,b by my love & hope ,i conjure !e3 ca/ n away ! h]o 9 ?y s\l6 ,ma9ta9 holy ?y highe/ hope60 ,! man :o wrote ?is has be5 call$ irrev]5t1 because 8 *oice ( ?+s to rev]e 0 n id5tical ) 8 accus]'s4 ,b 9 ^! s5t5ces !re is pro( ( 8 rev]5ce = some?+ m pr(\nd1 m important to mank9d1 ?an *ur*es1 ?an submissions to au?ority1 a ?+ t m5 are n accu/om$ op5ly1 if at all1 to rev]5ce1 t que/ ( ! ,holy ,grail on :i* all m5 set out1 ?\gh mo/ turn back1 & v few pursue x till !y die4 ,x is a que/ ^: goal is 9 ea* mom5t ( seek+4 ,( ?is he 0 inde$ rev]5t1 ( ! gl[+ *eek & k9dl$ eye ( intellectual y\?1 ( unsoil$ ambition1 ( ! flame alight be=e ! alt> ( ! pot5tial h]o1 :o is alive = a little :ile 9 e man1 & ^: cont9uance ( life is ! measure ( ea* man's nobility4 #aiab4 ,,walt] ,,pat] ,,walt] ,,pat] ,walt] ,pat] 0 br\ght up at ,enfield1 :]e he 0 ne> ,london1 & knew f 8 e>lie/ ye>s 8^? qua9t suburban pa/orals0 t ga!r 8a c]ta9 quality ( gr&eur f ! backgr\nd ( ! great city1 ) its weighty atmosph]e1 & port5t ( /orm 9 ! rapid light on dome & blea*$ /one /eeples40 ,some?+ ( t weighty atmosph]e1 & ) x some?+ ( t rapid light1 ,i f9d 9 8 "w1 :e!r he is writ+ ( ! ,italians ( ! ,r5aissance1 ( ,montaigne1 ( ! ,greek philosoph]s1 ( ! ,dut* van ,/orck1 or ! ,g]man ,c>l ( ,ros5mold4 ,! ext]nal facts ( 8 life may be %ortly dismiss$4 ,he 80 fond10 z a *ild1 8( organis+ little processional pomps10 & a meet+ ) ,keble /r5g!n$ = a "t 8 boyi% resolve to ent] ! ,*ur*4 ,t "p ( 8 temp]am5t :i* s\ght satisfaction 9 su* a c\rse f\nd x1 p]haps1 9 ! hi]atic "* ( 8 prose4 ,he read ,rusk9 :5 he 0 n9ete51 b 8 appreciations 7 too indep5d5t ( ,rusk9's sanction to all[ u to recognise ! deep influ5ce t is popul>ly attribut$ to ! old] man4 ,rusk9 believ$ t he _h 8discov]$0 ,botticelli1 b he fir/ spoke ( him 9 ! ,ox=d lectures ( #ahga1 & ,pat]'s essay _h be5 publi%$ 9 ! ,=tnightly ,review ! ye> be=e4 ,pat] w5t f ! ,k+'s ,s*ool at ,cant]bury to ,que5's ,college1 ,ox=d1 took a ,second ,class 9 ! ,f9al ,classical ,s*ools1 &1 9 #ahfd1 0 elect$ to a fell[%ip at ,bras5ose4 ,he liv$ at ,ox=d !nce=w>d1 ) only occasional p]iods ( resid5ce 9 ,london4 ,9 diff]5t long vacations he knew ,heidelb]g1 ,dresd51 & v>i\s p>ts ( ,france1 &1 9 #ahfi1 f\r ye>s be=e ! publication ( ,! ,r5aissance1 travell$ 9 ,italy4 ,he di$ at ,ox=d aft] a life ( unhurri$ lab\r on ,july #cj1 #ahid4 ,!re are "s words t "o w\ld nev] use 9 speak+ ( him4 8,joy0 is "o ( !m2 8despair0 is ano!r4 ,!y w\ld be repres5t$ by ! less exub]ant 8pleasure10 & ! less viol5t 8regret40 ,8 0 a p]sonality 9 half tones1 lit by ! pallid gl[ ( a heavy sky1 or by ! 8peculi> daylight0 he notic$ 9 ! *ur* at ,cant]bury1 t daylight :i* 8seem$ to come f fur!r ?an ! light outside40 ,yet 8 m9d 0 n )\t int5sity1 ?\gh ?is 0 express$ m by its fre$om ( invasion ?an by any obvi\s h>dness ( l9e or brilliance ( col\r4 ,:5 he said1 8,i %\ld be afraid to read ,kipl+1 le/ he %\ld come betwe5 me & my page next "t ,i sat d[n to write10 he 0 confess+ an unnecess>y c>efulness4 ,b 8 v fe> 0 n due to unc]ta9ty ( himself4 ,x 0 t ( ! jeal\s acolyte :o w n expose ! sacr$ glimm] ( a votive lamp to ev5 mom5t>y comp>ison ) a fla% ( limelight1 sure z he may be ( ! lamp's sup]ior p]si/5ce1 dignity1 &1 = him1 significance4 ,pat] set a high value on 8 own p]sonality1 :i* 9 a _w ( relative tru?1 0 p]haps ! only ?+ t he c\ld tru/4 ,he t5d$ x1 protect$ x f undue di/urbance1 ev5 f ! contagion ( o!rs1 f$ x f "t to "t ) victories 444 8 essays are ! c>efully prep>$ conque/s ( o!r p]sonalities by 8 own 444 & /r5g!n$ x always 9 ! habit ( a private supremacy1 a supremacy t nei!r s\ght nor ne$$ ext]nal ackn[l$gm5t4 ,x w\ld be difficult to exagg]ate ! influ5ce ( 8 "w1 or1 m exactly1 ( ! m5tal attitude reflect$ 9 8 "w1 on ! lit]ature ( ! end ( ! la/ c5tury & ( ! beg9n+ ( our own4 ,he 0 a l&m>k 9 ! hi/ory ( consci\sly rhy?mical prose1 ! fir/ ,engli% prea*] 7?\gh v quietly7 ( ! doctr9e ( art = art's sake1 ! expon5t ( an unusually precise te*nique1 ! fir/ example ( a man ^: life 0 consci\sly liv$ = art's sake2 a man :o1 ?\gh he disguis$ ! fact by _m pr(essions ( h$onism1 f\nd 9 art ! f9e/ means ( liv+1 & pref]r$1 ) some?+ ( 8 *ildi% love = processional pomps1 to meet life only :5 x came to him1 decor\s1 arrang$1 unifi$ to s+le purposes1 in/ead ( ) ! m$ley ( motives f :i* ! arti/ dis5tangles x4 ,8 ideas h come to be m noticeable 9 o!r books ?an 9 8 own4 ,he seem$ to deprecate too exub]ant agreem5t4 ,he did n l to /ir 8 audi5ce to an unbecom+ en?usiasm4 ,?is is1 p]haps1 "o reason :y he has seldom be5 consid]$ z a ?9k]4 ,b ano!r reason 0 m pot5t4 8,! s5sible vehicle0 ( 8 expression almo/ annull$ 8 ab/ract ?\ght4 ,pat] is ! be/ illu/ration ( ! way 9 :i* ideas c be oblit]at$ by ! p]sonality ( :i* !y 7 a "p4 ,he has nev] be5 comp>$ to ,nietzs*e4 ,yet no /ud5t ( ,pat]'s ideas c\ld avoid su* a comp>ison1 fanta/ic z x may seem to ^? to :om x has n occurr$ to refuse1 = critical purposes1 to adopt 8 attitude t[>ds ?\ght2 to refuse1 t is1 8to assign v little to ! ab/ract ?\ght & mu* to its s5sible vehicle or occasion40 ,ev5 ?is attitude1 if we exam9e x closely1 is n unlike ! ,nietzs*ean dem& = ! p]sonal t\* 9 a !ory be=e ! !ory itself4 ,else:]e ! resemblance is cle>]4 ,9 ,plato & ,platonism he says3 8,/ill 9 ! discussion ev5 ( ab/ract tru?s x is n s mu* :at he ?9ks z ! p]son :o is ?9k+1 t aft] all really tells40 ,9 small] ?+s he (f]s a p>allel1 /range f "o :o liv$ z he liv$1 to ,nietzs*e's outbur/ aga9/ s$5t>y ?9k+3 8,x might seem t movem5t1 aft] all1 & any habit t promot$ movem5t1 promot$ ! p[]1 ! successes1 ! =tunate p>turitions ( ! m9d40 ,9 m important ?+s--?+s m important to ,nietzs*e--,pat] (f]s a simil> alo( p>allel1 z if f ano!r planet4 ,be=e ,! ,bir? ( ,trag$y 0 writt51 ,pat] _h di/+ui%$ ,apollo & ,dionysus1 = 8 own purposes & 9 8 own way1 z ! p>ticul> deities ( oppos$ arti/ic t5d5cies4 ,at "o ) ,nietzs*e 9 8 conception ( ! relative nature ( tru?1 ?\gh he %rank f c>ry+ x to battle l'outrance1 he says almo/ :at ,nietzs*e says ( ! evil influ5ce ( 8! ideal10 8! absolute10 on ,european ?\ght1 ?\gh1 m eclectic1 incapable ( p>tisan%ip1 he does n let x di/urb 8 admiration ( ,plato4 ,mildly1 z if x did n matt]1 he murmurs :at ,nietzs*e %\t$3 8,! ,european m9d w nev] be q sane aga944440 ,& he traces its insanity1 z ,nietzs*e might h trac$ x1 ?r\gh ! ,neo-,platoni/s1 ,! ,imitation1 ,sp9oza1 ,desc>tes1 ,malebran*e1 ,leibnitz1 ,b]keley4 8,by "o & all x is assum$1 9 ! words ( ,plato1 t to be col\rless1 =mless1 impalpable1 is ! note ( ! sup]ior grade ( k & exi/5ce1 evanesc+ /eadily1 z "o asc5ds t[>ds t p]fect 7p]haps n q unatta9able7 condition ( ei!r1 :i* 9 tru? c only be atta9$ by ! suppression ( all ! rule & outl9e ( "o's own actual exp]i5ce & ?\ght40 ,&1 9 8 criticism ( ! ,sophi/s1 he %[s t he is aw>e1 smil+ly p]haps1 ( ! !ory ( two moralities1 "o ( ! rul] & ano!r ( ! rul$4 ,he says ( ! ,sophi/s3 8,& if old-fa%ion$ pr9ciple or prejudice be f\nd 9 ! way1 :o bett] ?an !y c\ld in/ruct "o1 n h[ to m9imise1 or violate x--t 0 n ne$$1 nor p]haps desirable1 reg>d+ :at 0 s useful = ! control ( o!rs--n t2 b1 to apply ! intellectual solv5t to x1 9 reg>d to "o's self8 #8,x w break up--?is or t e?ical deposit 9 y\r m9d1 ah6 v neatly1 v prettily1 & disappe>1 :5 expos$ to ! action ( our p]fect$ me?od4 ,( cr$it ) ! vulg> z su*1 9 ! solit>y *amb] ( ! ari/ocratic m9d su* presuppositions1 prejudices or pr9ciples1 may be made v soon to "k _! place4'0 ,?is may seem l ironic criticism ( ,nietzs*e be=e ! fact1 b x has n be5 notic$ z su*1 ev5 by ,nietzs*eans1 & t is a pro( ( ! complet5ess ) :i* ,pat] made negligible :at he said1 beside ! mann]1 ! p]sonal quality1 ( himself say+ x4 ,yet ^! & _m o!r neglect$ ideas 7 ( real importance to ! p]sonality t obscures !m n[4 ,pat] ow$ mu* ( ! sl[ rhy?m ( 8 m9d to 8 c>eful obs]vation ( 8 own philosophic attitude4 ,x is easy to talk ( a battle 9 8 m9d betwe5 metaphysic & art2 b no su* battle 0 f\ght4 ,pat] nev] lo/ 8 int]e/ 9 philosophies1 & t int]e/ nev] int]f]$ ) 8 int]e/ 9 art1 b 0 r its ally1 an ess5tial elem5t 9 ! m5tal temp] ( all 8 "w4 ,he %>$ ,nietzs*e's dislike ( dialectic1 because 9 approa*+ ! condition ( ma!matical speculation philosophy d5udes itself ( p]sonality4 ,he dislik$1 = example1 ,sp9oza's ,euclidean demon/rations1 8! dry bones ( :i* rattle 9 "o's e>s10 b 0 enabl$ to use f9ely1 9 ,seba/ian van ,/orck1 t "o ( ,sp9oza's say+s 9 :i* ! man seems to be epitomis$3 8,:oso love? ,god truly mu/ n expect to be lov$ by him 9 return40 8,philosophic tru?10 = him1 8consi/s 9 ! philosophic temp]40 ,he f9ds t 8p]haps ! *ief (f5ce 9 ,col]idge is an excess ( s]i\sness1 a s]i\sness aris+ n f any moral pr9ciple1 b f a misconception ( ! p]fect mann]4 ,!re is a c]ta9 %ade ( unconc]n1 ! p]fect mann] ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 :i* may be ?\ght to m>k complete culture 9 ! h&l+ ( ab/ract que/ions4444 ,humanity _c af=d to be too s]i\s ab\t !m40 ,t 0 said 9 ! fir/ ( 8 pr9t$ pap]s4 ,9 ! la/ book ( 8 t 0 publi%$ 9 8 lifetime1 he says ( ! essay3 8,x provid$ him 7,montaigne7 ) precisely ! lit]>y =m necess>y to a m9d = :i* tru? itself is b a possibility1 realisable n z a g5]al conclusion1 b r z ! elusive effect ( a p>ticul> p]sonal exp]i5ce2 to a m9d :i*1 not+ fai?fully ^? r&om lights t meet x by ! way1 mu/ ne$s cont5t itself ) susp5sion ( judgm5t1 at ! end ( ! intellectual j\rney1 to ! v la/ ask+3 ,que scais-je8 ,:o kn[s8--9 ! v _s ( t old ,socratic cont5tion1 t all true philosophy is b a ref9$ s5se ( "o's ignorance40 ,! essay1 we mu/ n =get1 0 ! =m *os5 by himself4 ,n[h]e does he bett] illu/rate 8 conception ( philosophic tru?1 ( ! philosophic temp]1 ?an 9 t h>mony ( essays1 writt5 = deliv]y z lectures1 & pr9t$ z ,plato & ,platonism4 ,philosophy clo!s h]self ) humanity1 or r reta9s ! clo!s ( :i* dialectic w\ld deprive h]1 & we wat* h] z a human be+1 are n]v\s = h] 9 ! difficult places1 z %e ?reads h] way ?r\gh ! lives ( m5 & ! hi/ory ( a nation4 ,pat] is engag$ 9 portraiture1 n 9 exposition1 s humane has 8 subject become4 ,! ?ree philosoph]s ^: images are impress$ ^u ! !ories ( 8! flux10 ( 8! "o10 & ( 8numb]10 ,h]aclitus1 ,p>m5ides1 ,py?agoras1 are no long] outl9e draw+s1 l illu/rations 9 a classical diction>y1 b col\r$ & modell$ ) some?+ ( ,blake's en?usia/ic vision1 s(t5$ & quiet$1 till ! en?usiasm is l summ] lightn+ beh9d ! hills1 cle> & bright b )\t m5ace = 8 g5]al int5tion4 ,_! portraits1 inset 9 ! 8,plato0 l ! vignettes t encircle ! c5tral picture 9 ^? old engrav$ frontispieces1 are curi\sly sugge/ive ( p>agraphs ( ,nietzs*e's ,e>ly ,greek ,philosophy4 ,!y are rul$ by j su* a conception ( tru?1 b are )\t ! _s ( proselytism1 s inconsi/5t ) x1 & yet s *>act]i/ic ( ! man :o prea*$ r ?an d5\nc$ 8 v]sion ( ! ,et]nal ,recurr5ce4 ,x is h>d to "k :i* is mo/ admirable--! delicate dis5tangl+ ( ,socrates f ,plato1 ! cle>ly visualis$ picture ( ! ,sophi/s 7!re nev] 0 a book on philosophy s full ( concrete vision71 ! syn!sis ( ,plato's p]sonality1 lov]1 se]1 obs]v]1 8:o has l+]$ too long 9 ! brazi]'s work%ops0 to be able to speak ( 8dumb matt]10 or ! beautiful appreciation ( ! me?od ( ! dialogues & ( ! (t5 trave/i$ aims ( ,socratean talk1 :i* repres5t bo? ! 8dem& = absolute c]ta9ty1 9 any tru? or k wor?y ( ! "n10 & ,plato's me?od ( le>n+ & tea*+1 ! ess5tial quality ( ^! conv]sations ) himself be+ _! endlessness4 ,!n !re is ! dream1 to ! mak+ ( :i* has gone s mu* k cont5t to be hidd5 by ! p]fection ( its s]vice1 ( ! city ( ,lac$aemon 9 ,sp>ta1 s necess>y a prelude to ! acc\nt ( ,plato's dream$ republic4 ,f9ally1 p]haps because de>e/ to himself1 !re is ! *apt] on ,plato's ae/hetics1 :i*1 to ,pat]1 7 n :at "s h made !m1 b ( imm$iate import to m5 liv+ _! lives1 & sugge/$ a purpose1 a hope 8to get some?+ ( t irrepressible consci5ce ( art1 t _s ( control1 into ! g5]al c\rse ( life1 above all into its en]getic or impassion$ acts40 ,x is1 9 a s5se1 a :ite heat ( decorum = :i* he asks1 a scrupul\sness1 a pati5ce :i* is 8q z mu* z fire1 ( ! mood ( all true lov]s40 ,he is really ask+ = self-consci\s life1 = ! k9d ( life t is only giv5 by art1 :e!r by ! contemplation ( ! "w ( arti/s or by ! private acts ( arti/ic creation1 :i* we all p]=m1 m or less (t51 & :i* are inde$ processes ( becom+ consci\s acts ( scrupul\s1 obs]vant & compreh5sive liv+4 ,i c ?9k ( no book bett] fitt$ to lead a /ud5t into philosophy1 & ,i am n sure t x is n also ! be/ book ) :i* to beg9 ! /udy ( ,walt] ,pat]4 ,x is c]ta9ly ! book t made ! mo/ v>i\s dem&s ^u 8 p]sonality4 ,m ?an any o!r writ] ( 8 "t he 0 ju/ifi$ 9 speak+ ( 8! irrepressible consci5ce ( art40 ,= _m he is1 ,i suppose1 *iefly int]e/+ z ! man :o br\ght into ,engli% lit]>y work%ops ! craftsman's cre$ ( ,flaub]t4 ,?is importation ( 8 0 n a m]e translation & expansion ( ! few s5t5ces f ,flaub]t t appe> 9 8 essay on 8,/yle40 ,^? s5t5ces & 8 comm5ts ^u !m1 d b =m1 9 ! /ructure ( t essay1 a p5dant to1 an illu/ration (1 ,pat]'s orig9al rem>ks1 :i* are !mselves a complete1 if resolutely non-te*nical1 exposition ( 8 own cle>ly compreh5d$ me?ods4 ,x is possible t ,pat] saw1 a little m circumspicu\sly ?an he1 :at x 0 t ,flaub]t believ$4 ,at any rate t belief is "h unifi$ ) ! sugge/ions ( e>li] writ]s1 & giv5 coroll>ies ^: implication 9 x ,flaub]t nev] tr\bl$ to see4 ,! !ory is1 briefly /at$1 z foll[s3 ,lit]ature w fulfil ! condition ( all good art 8by f9d+ its specific excell5ce 9 ! absolute correspond5ce ( ! t]m to its import40 ,its fir/1 inde$1 accurately speak+1 its only object is tru?1 ! exact fitt+ ( words to mean+1 :i* involves ! wat*fulness ov] ! :ole t w gu>d details f be+ made inexact by ! reflect$ light ( o!r details2 & ?is involves also a lov+ s*ol>%ip 9 ! precise mean+s & implications ( ! words us$4 ,he accepts ,de ,qu9cey's di/9ction betwe5 8! lit]ature ( p[] & ! lit]ature ( k10 ) ! comm5t1 89 ! =m] ( :i* ! compos] gives u n fact1 b 8 peculi> s5se ( fact1 :e!r pa/ or pres5t40 ,9 ! f9e art ( lit]ature1 ! id5tity s\ght betwe5 words & mean+ is an id5tity betwe5 words & ! ?+ !y repres5t 9 its private atmosph]e1 ) its p>ticul> mean+ to ! p>ticul> m9d t ?9ks x4 ,?r\gh\t 8 works is scatt]$ evid5ce ( ! importance t ,pat] attribut$ to ?is p>ticul>ity ( ?\ght1 dep5d5t on ! ?9k] & 8 circum/ances1 ! p]sonality ( ?\ght :i* is really ! gu>antee ( its uniqu5ess1 & 9 a s5se1 n only ( its tru? b ( its arti/ic rightness4 ,9 ,! ,*ild 9 ! ,h\se1 = example3 8,9 lat] ye>s he came ^u philosophies :i* occupi$ him mu* 9 ! e/imate ( ! proportion ( ! s5su\s & ! ideal elem5ts 9 human k1 ! relative p>ts !y be> 9 x2 &1 9 8 intellectual s*eme1 0 l$ to assign v little to ! ab/ract ?\ght1 & mu* to its s5sible vehicle or occasion40 ,&1 9 ! essay on 8,/yle0 we are consid]+3 8444 j 9 proportion z ! writ]'s aim1 consci\sly or unconsci\sly1 comes to be ! transcrib+1 n ( ! _w1 n ( m]e fact1 b ( 8 s5se ( x1 he becomes an arti/1 8 "w f9e art44440 8,lit]>y art1 t is1 l all art :i* is 9 any way imitative or reproductive ( fact--=m1 or col\r1 or incid5t--is ! repres5tation ( su* fact z connect$ ) s\l1 ( a specific p]sonality1 9 its pref]5ces1 its volition & p[]40 ,let me atta* to ^! ano!r quotation f ! same essay1 to illu/rate 8 use ( ! ^w 8s\l10 ! keyword ( 8 belief3 8,m9d & s\l2--h>d to asc]ta9 philosophically1 ! di/9ction is real en\gh practically1 = !y (t5 int]f]e1 are sometimes 9 conflict1 ) ea* o!r4 ,blake1 9 ! la/ c5tury1 is an in/ance ( prepond]at+ s\l emb>rass$1 at a loss1 9 an era ( prepond]at+ m9d4 ,z a quality ( /yle1 at all ev5ts1 s\l is a fact1 9 c]ta9 writ]s--! way !y h ( absorb+ language1 ( attract+ x into ! peculi> _s !y are (1 ) a subtlety :i* makes ! actual result seem l "s inexplicable inspiration40 ,:5 we talk ( words x is1 if possible1 bett] to talk 9 t]ms ( spee* ?an ?us indirectly 9 t]ms liable to debate1 ( ! nature ( man1 :i*1 9 ?is case at lea/1 h l$ a c>eful writ] into inaccuracy4 ,blake 0 nei!r emb>rass$ nor at a loss4 ,he ?\ght all ! re/ ( ! _w 04 ,a sort ( diffid5ce w\ld n all[ ,pat] to admit t he 0 ?9k+ nei!r ( s\l nor ( m9d b ( a quality 9 ,blake's language1 a quality m>k$ly less evid5t 9 ! "w ( 8 contempor>ies4 ,:5ev] ,pat] uses ! ^w s\l 9 ?is s5se he is ?9k+ ( ! magical p[] 9 contradi/9ction f ! practical p[] ( words4 ,blake's words say m by :at !y c>ry ) !m 9 sugge/ive atmosph]e1 ?an by :at !y say4 ,8 spee* is highly pot5tial2 & :5 ,pat] talks ( s\l 9 lit]ature he is talk+ ( ! pot5tial elem5t 9 ! language ( lit]ature1 ! elem5t s noticeable 9 ! language ( 8 own works4 ,8 insi/5ce on tru?1 n only 9 ! m]ely k9etic spee*1 ! ?+ said1 b also 9 ! pot5tial spee* t gives ! ?+ said its atmosph]ical p>ticul>ity1 di/+ui%$ 8 own "w1 & deeply influ5c$ ! writ]s :o foll[$ him--,wilde1 ,d[son1 p]haps ,mr4 ,yeats1 at lea/ 9 8 prose1 c]ta9ly ,mr4 ,ar?ur ,symons4 ,x 0 an indig5\s spr+ ( ! t5d5cy t1 9 ,france1 has be5 call$ ,symboli/1 ) :i* ! la/ ( ! y\ng] writ]s ,i h m5tion$ def9itely alli$ himself4 ,pat]'s express$ admirations = mod]n ,fr5* books are only su* z sugge/ 8 ignorance ( ! be/ writ]s 9 a lat] g5]ation ?an t ( ,flaub]t1 :o 01 ( c\rse1 n tw5ty ye>s 8 s5ior4 ,he does n seem to h read ^? y\ng] m5 ^: ideas s closely resembl$ 8 own1 s closely t ,fr5*m5 (t5 claim ,pat]'s mo/ obvi\s disciple#g = a pupil ( ! s*ool ( ,mall>m4 ,) 8 c>e 9 ! use ( words1 he _h also a c>e = /ructure1 & = simil> reasons4 ,he says1 z 9 a crud] way ,poe _h said long be=e1 b n ) su* close significance3 8,! t]m is "r1 & has its ess5tial beauty1 :5 x becomes1 9 a mann]1 :at x signifies1 z ) ! names ( simple s5sations4 ,to give ! phrase1 ! s5t5ce1 ! /ructural memb]1 ! entire composition1 song1 or essay1 a simil> unity ) its subject & ) itself3--/yle is 9 ! "r way :5 x t5ds t[>ds t40 ,^? words embody 9 te*nical wisdom ! pr(\nde/ und]/&+ ( ! aims ( art & ( ! nature ( arti/ic creation4 ,8 practice 0 n q on ! level ( 8 !ory4 ,8 details sometimes fail to pres]ve a unity ( tone & rhy?m ) ! :ole ( :i* !y are a "p4 ,sometimes too1 ! ef=t to pres]ve t unity compels ! :ole to a *af+ monotone4 ,an ov]-zeal\s pursuit ( accuracy sometimes all[$ ^? c>eful s5t5ces to encumb] !mselves ) adjectival burs1 & a too visual me?od ( composition sometimes co/ !m _! h>mony ) ! music x 0 _! bus9ess to ma9ta91 & ev5 br\ght t music to an abrupt /op4 8,pat]10 ,mr4 ,b5son says1 :o knew him1 8:5 he _h arrang$ 8 notes1 began to write on rul$ pap]1 leav+ ! alt]nate l9es blank2 & 9 ^! spaces he w\ld ins]t new clauses & descriptive epi!ts4 ,!n ! :ole 0 re-copi$1 aga9 on alt]nate l9es1 :i* w\ld aga9 be fill$2 moreov]1 he (t5 _h an essay at ?is /age set up at 8 own exp5se 9 pr9t1 t he might bett] be able to judge ( ! effect44440 ,su* a me?od1 h[ev] c>eful ! writ] might be to make cont9ual appeal to 8 e>1 c\ld n b all[ ! eye to assume too great a %>e 9 t collaboration 9 :i* e> %\ld be ! sole dictator & eye ! e>'s ob$i5t s]vant4 ,x w\ld make x difficult to reject pleasant1 exact phrases put 9 on ^? alt]nate l9es1 ev5 if !y made ! s5t5ces top-heavy ) _! own di/+ui%$1 highly specialis$ mean+4 ,!y w\ld make ?is top-heav9ess h>d to p]ceive1 &1 if p]ceiv$1 errone\sly attributable to ! visible cr[d+ & elaboration ( ! writt5 page4 ,! sett+ up 9 pr9t1 :ile useful z a guide to ! g5]al outl9e1 w\ld only confirm ^! s5t5ces 9 _! condition4 ,nobody :o has tri$ to read ,pat] al\d c be )\t in/ances :5 ! read+ became difficult1 brea?less1 impossible1 ev5 :ile ! words dem&$ admiration = _! subtle accuracy & p]fect *oice4 ,let me give no m ?an two examples ( ! awkw>d con/ructions ,pat] all[$ himself4 ,i %all take !m f ! lea/ decorative ( 8 works1 f a book actually writt5 = oral deliv]y4 ,on page #ce ( ,plato & ,platonism#h !re is ?is s5t5ce3 8,f ,x5ophanes1 z a critic ( ! poly!ism ( ! ,greek religi\s poets1 t mo/ ab/ract & arid ( =mul1 ,pure ,be+1 clos$ 9 indiff]5tly on e side ^u itself1 & susp5d$ 9 ! mid/ ( no?+1 l a h>d transp>5t cry/al ball1 z he says2 #8,! ,absolute'2 #8,! ,"o'2 pass$ to 8 fell[-citiz5 ,p>m5ides1 seek+1 d\btless 9 ! true _s ( philosophy1 = ! c5tre ( ! univ]se1 ( 8 own exp]i5ce ( x1 = "s common measure ( ! exp]i5ce ( all m540 ,n[ !re are #cg words 9 #h clauses1 ne$+ #e commas & #c semi-colons to make up ! subject ( t s5t5ce4 ,! und]l9+ ( ! words ,pure ,be+ seems to me a manife/ concession to ! eye4 ,on page #cb ( ! same book !re is a *>act]i/ic con/ruction p>tly due to a wi% to pres]ve 9 8 writ+1 tape/ri$ z x might be1 a flav\r ( conv]sational spee*1 &1 = all t1 dep5d5t on ! visibility ( pr9t1 dem&+ a swift review ( ! beg9n+ ( ! s5t5ce z ! read] arrives at its end3 8,t :i* is1 s purely1 or absolutely1 t x is no?+ at all to our mix$ p[]s ( appreh5sion3--,p>m5ides & ! ,eleatic ,s*ool 7 mu* preoccupi$ ) ! det]m9ation ( ! ?\ghts1 or ( ! m]e phrases & words1 t belong to t40 ,su* s5t5ces are blemi%es1 n because ( inaccuracy1 = _! accuracy is _! excuse1 b because !y tr\ble our reception ( ! :ole1 z a :ole1 by draw+ too mu* att5tion to !mselves4 ,) all 8 c>e = %apely build+1 = unity ( impression1 he c\ld n avoid occasional ov]-insi/5ce on details1 r pleasant ?an o!rwise1 unlike ! tr\bl+ halts ( 8 failures 9 s5t5ce-mak+4 ,inde$1 ,i am n sure t we c describe z a fault :at 0 *>act]i/ic ( a :ole mann] ( vision1 & due n to c>elessness b to ! peculi> gift ( a r>e intimacy ( imag9ation4 ,9 8 imag9>y portraits 7:i* include n only ! book ( t "n1 b 8,em]ald ,u?w>t10 8,! ,*ild 9 ! ,h\se10 8,apollo 9 ,pic>dy10 8,ga/on de ,lat\r10 8,m>ius ! ,epicurean10 &1 less obvi\sly1 mo/ ( 8 critical "w7 we c obs]ve 8 way ( lay+ hold ( small1 sep>ate facts1 & exp&+ !m1 z ,ga/on exp&$ ! poems ( ,rons>d1 8to ! full measure ( _! int5tion40 ,8 0 nev] a sweep+1 l>ge-rhy?m$1 n>rative imag9ation2 ,i fancy1 ev51 t ,pat] felt a dang] ( los+ himself :5 he _h to say t some?+ happ5$1 & m ?an once1 :5 8 *>act]s 7 compell$ to significant1 visible action1 he did inde$ lose himself 444 = a s5t5ce or two x is z if n ,pat] spoke b ano!r4 ,!re 0 a dang] ( ?+s happ5+ 9 ,ga/on de ,lat\r1 ! mo/ lovable ( 8 books4 ,= sev5 *apt]s ,pat] put !m (f1 & !n1 z !y cr[d$ up on ! horizon1 & became imm95t1 he laid ! /ory aside be=e !y c\ld ov]:elm him & c>ry him (f 8 feet4#i ,pat]'s imag9ation lov$ n action b intellectual circum/ance1 & ! significance n ( de$s b ( ! promise ( de$s yet unp]=m$4 ,! /ory ( ,m>ius1 ! /ory ( ,ga/on1 z f> z x _h be5 c>ri$1 0 ! /ory ( exceptional "* 9 p>ticul> intellectual environm5t2 & = u1 p]haps1 ! int]e/ lies z mu* 9 ! "o z 9 ! o!r4 ,:5 ,i ?9k ( ! second ( ^? two books1 ,i ?9k less ( t scrupul\s1 f9ely /rung y\? ?an ( ,montaigne1 ^: portrait1 9 ! old t[] above 8 op5 h\se1 seems to me at lea/ equally important4 ,n[ to (f] ! read] a *oice betwe5 ! "p & ! :ole is n ! way ( ! p]fect arti/4 ,aga91 x is idle to say t ! n>rative ( 8,m>ius ! ,epicurean0 is brok5 by ! inclusion ( t lovely r5d]+ ( ! tale ( ,cupid & ,psy*e4 ,x is idle to po9t to t tale z an int]ruption1 :5 !re is no?+ = x to int]rupt1 no?+ t is n already 9 repose4 ,9 ,pat]'s books x is ! read] :o moves f "o contemplation to ano!r1 &1 9 8,m>ius10 q naturally1 f ,pisa & ! boy's education !re1 & 8 fri5d%ip ) ,flavian1 to ! tale !y read toge!r on hot ,italian aft]noons4 ,9 a way ! inclusion ( t tale is an illu/ration on a l>ge scale ( ,pat]'s inv>iable mann] ( us+ detail4 ,x 0 ! "w ( ano!r man1 &1 be=e plac+ x 9 8 book1 ,pat] made x 8 own by translat+ x into a prose :i*1 if purposely & also necess>ily a little diff]5t f t ( ! re/ ( ! book1 0 yet 84 ,j s small] details1 fragm5ts ( obs]vation ( ext]nal nature1 = example1 are n directly set ^u ! page1 ) no m ?an ! impr9t ( ! h&s t pluck$ !m to give !m a spuri\s unity ) ! re/4 ,!y are all translat$1 idiomatically1 until !y are s :olly 8 t x seems he has look$ )9 = !m & n )\t4 ,! light ?r\gh ! ar*$ w9d[s ( ! old *ur*1 ! spires ( ,london1 ! burial vault ( ! ,dukes ( ,ros5mold3 ^! ?+s are s intimately imag9$1 s completely veil$ 9 ,pat]'s mood t :5 we recognise !m 9 life we accuse ourselves ( plagi>ism because we _c see !m o!r ?an z he saw !m1 & !y come to u1 almo/1 z rememb]$ s5t5ces4 8,! ,gold5 ,book0 takes its place 9 8,m>ius0 z a s+le t\* 9 ! portrait ( a "t3 a fragm5t1 c>efully *os51 ( ! local col\r ( ideas4 ,j s ,pat] uses details m m9ute4 ,irrelevant z !y may seem1 to a c>eless obs]v]1 irrelevant z p]haps !y 7 be=e he _h translat$ !m1 !y help 9 ! pa9t+ ( ! mood ( a man1 z t /ory 9 ! pa9t+ ( a mood ( ! anci5t _w1 9 ea* case a mood ( ,pat]'s own1 half borr[$ f1 half l5t to1 man or _w4 ,?is mutual creation is l t :i* happ5s 9 ! contemplation ( a "w ( art4 ,x is criticism1 &1 ev5 :5 ,pat] is n criticis+ :at are kn[n z works ( art1 he is criticis+ n ! _w1 or a p]iod or a man1 b works ( art he has already made1 privately1 = himself4 ,he us$ 8! f9] sort ( memory1 br++ its object to m9d ) a quiet cle>ness1 yet1 z sometimes happ5s 9 dreams1 rais$ a little above itself1 & above ord9>y retrospect40 ,he believ$ t criticism 0 a =m ( creation3 = him x 0 (t5 a second /age ( creation1 = he _h giv5 arti/ic =m to 8 mat]ial be=e1 9 contemplation ( x1 he began ! criticism t he (f]s u 9 its place4 ,i d n "k t ?is is1 accurately speak+1 possible1 b x is at lea/ a fable t v fairly repres5ts ! process :]eby1 9 ,pat]'s books1 life comes to seem at once s ord]$1 s tape/ri$1 s alo( & yet s intimately kn[n4 ,i speak !re ( life 9 g5]al1 ( ! flux )\t1 a turmoil until x has be5 arre/$ by "o ( ^? p]sonal acts ( arti/ic creation :i* x is ! function ( art to make m frequ5t1 m habitual4 ,! turbul5t nature ( ! flux itself is disguis$ alike 9 8 critical & 8 m obvi\sly imag9ative "w4 ,= 8 critical essays t5d always to become imag9>y portraits1 no less ?an 8 /udies 9 ,greek my?ology4 ,!y are n portraits ( m5 z ,pat] believ$ !m to be1 b reproductions ( _! aspect 9 sudd5 side-lights t *ange !m1 specialise !m1 & = ^? read]s :o are va9ly look+ = a g5]al view1 simplify !m a little too f>4 ,b :at sometimes seems to be ! r$uction ( a complex p]sonality to a simple =mula--,mi*elangelo1 = example1 to ! repeat$ ex =ti dulc$o--is n s int5d$4 ,x is r ! r$uction ( a p]sonality to ! expression ( a s+le mood4 ,!re is w>p & wo( 9 ,pat]'s essays1 & ! %uttle mu/ ?read p>allel l9es & n a maze z x weaves :at is meant less z ! portrait ( a man ?an z ! patt]n ( a mood4 ,pat] nev] sacrific$ 8 own p]sonality to 8 nom9al subject4 ,he sacrific$ 8 sitt]1 n himself4 ,no?+ is m rem>kable 9 ,m>ius ! ,epicurean 7:]e x w\ld h be5 easi] to disclaim ! writ]'s own "t1 to waive ! c5turies t sep>at$ him f 8 suppos$ mat]ial7 ?an ,pat]'s resolute mod]nity4 ,he w n all[ u to =get ! di/9ction 9 circum/ances t makes s subtle ! relation betwe5 subject & object4 ,he w /rip (f no?+ t has be5 br\ght him by ! ye>s betwe5 ,m>ius & himself4 ,delib]ately1 he sees ,m>ius ) eyes enri*$ by ^? c5turies1 &1 ) ! lat] k t c comp>e ,apuleius to ,swift or to ,?ophile ,gauti]1 takes pleasure 9 a ref]5ce to ,wilhelm ,mei/] & rem>ks t ,m>ius ?9ks 9 ! ve9 ( ,/4 ,augu/9e4 ,& s1 c>+ m = ! po9t ( view f :i* he sees !m ?an = ! actual objects1 t c be se5 a ?\s& ways1 he has no wi% to 8say ! la/ ^w0 on ,lamb1 on ,pico1 on ,sir ,?omas ,br[ne4 ,he does say x1 h[ev]1 on ^? m5 9 ^? moods1 or1 m truly1 on ! moods 9 :i* he saw !m4 ,we (t5 leave an essay ( ,pat]'s ) a new appreciation ( someone else2 b t is n because ,pat] has told u any?+1 b because1 9 reproduc+ ! mood ( 8 essay we h giv5 ourselves a mood 9 :i* t o!r1 ,botticelli1 ,rons>d1 ,giorgione1 c be m ?an usually significant4 ,?us1 ?\gh x is z a critic t ,pat] lives & w live1 x is z a critic ( a k9d t he may almo/ be said to h inv5t$4 ,8 criticism is ae/hetic & p]sonal4 ,?\gh compell$ to (f] a pr(usion ( !ories1 he is impati5t ( !m1 submits himself to a "w ( art1 & criticises t "w n by %[+ :at he feels1 b by a reproduction ( ! mood :i* t "w induces 9 him4 ,8 criticism1 always indirect1 is always creative1 s9ce ! reproduction ( a mood1 unlike ! record+ ( op9ions1 is itself a "w ( art4 ,x has ! validity ( 8 own temp]am5t & circum/ances1 lyrical z oppos$ to ab/ract tru?4 ,we c nev] say ( him t he 0 wrong1 unless 9 ! !ories t he c\ld n avoid b consid]$ unimportant4 ,we c only say t he 0 diff]5t--f ourselves1 f someone else4 ,we read ?is critic z we read a poet1 collaborat+ ) him 9 ! reproduction ( a mood1 9 ! se>*+ k ( ! fragm5t ( life t 0 col\r$ = him by ?is or t book or picture4 ,! book or picture becomes a second>y matt]1 & ! fir/ is ! rapid light1 ! weighty atmosph]e t he _h made 8 own4 ,aft] read+ him ,i rememb] 8 words on ,montaigne3 8,a m9d = :i* tru? itself is b a possibility1 realisable n z a g5]al conclusion1 b r z ! elusive effect ( a p>ticul> p]sonal exp]i5ce40 #aiab4 ,,remy ,,de ,,g\rmont ,,remy ,,de ,,g\rmont ,i ,m4 de ,g\rmont lives on ! f\r? floor ( an old h\se 9 ! ,rue des ,sa9ts-,pres4 ,a copp] *a9 hangs z bell-rope to 8 door4 ,! r>e visitor1 = x is well kn[n t = _m ye>s he has be5 a solit>y & seldom receives ev5 8 fri5ds1 pulls ! *a9 & waits4 ,! door op5s a few in*es1 ready to be clos$ imm$iately1 by a man ( middle size1 9 a monk's br[n robe1 ) a small1 r\nd1 grey felt cap4 ,! robe is fa/5$ ) silv] buckles1 9 :i* are set l>ge blue /ones4 ,! admitt$ visitor walks ?r\gh a passage into a room ^: walls are cov]$ ) books4 ,9 ! %ad[ at ! back ( ! room is a load$ table4 ,ano!r table1 ) a slop+ desk ^u x1 juts out f ! w9d[4 ,m4 de ,g\rmont sits 9 a big *air be=e ! desk1 plac+ 8 visitor on ! opposite side ( ! table1 ) ! light fall+ on 8 face s t he c obs]ve 8 slighte/ expression4 ,9 conv]sation he (t5 disguises 8 face ) 8 h&1 b n[ & aga9 looks op5ly & directly at 8 visitor4 ,8 eyes are always que/ion+1 & almo/ always k9dly4 ,8 face 0 beautiful 9 ! y\? ( ! fle%1 & is n[ beautiful 9 ! age ( ! m9d1 = !re is no dead l9e 9 x1 no wr9kle1 no m9ute feature n vitalis$ by intellectual activity4 ,! nose is full & s5sitive1 ) m>k$ly curv$ no/rils4 ,!re is a little satiric be>d4 ,! eyebr[s lift t[>ds ! temples1 z 9 mo/ m5 ( imag9ation4 ,! eyes are weight$ bel[1 z 9 mo/ m5 ( critical ?\ght4 ,! two *>act]i/ics are1 9 ,m4 de ,g\rmont1 z 9 8 "w1 mo/ noticeable toge!r4 ,! l[] lip1 v full1 does n p\t1 b falls curta9-l t[>ds ! *94 ,x is ! lip ( a s5suali/1 & yet ( "o ^: s5suality has n clogg$ b /imulat$ ! dige/ive processes ( 8 bra94 ,om> might h _h su* a lip1 if he _h be5 capable n only ( 8 g>l&s ( roses1 b also ( ! essays ( ,montaigne4 ,he 0 born 9 a *teau 9 ,norm&y on #d? ,april #aheh4 ,among 8 ance/ors 0 ,gilles de ,g\rmont1 a le>n$ pr9t] & engrav] ( ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,he has himself collect$ old woodcuts1 & 9 ,l',ymagi] amus$ himself by sett+ ! mo/ anci5t specim5s ( ! craft1 among :i* he is pr\d to %[ "s examples ( ! "w ( 8 family1 side by side ) draw+s by ,:i/l] & ,gaugu94 ,he came to ,p>is 9 #ahhc1 :5 he obta9$ a po/ 9 ! ,biblio?que ,nationale4 ,huysmans 0 8s\s-*ef de bureau la direction de la ,sret gnrale10 & ,m4 de ,g\rmont1 :o made 8 acqua9tance ?r\gh ! d$ication ( a book1 us$ to call = him betwe5 f\r & five ( ! aft]noon1 & walk ) him across ! riv] to a caf1 t has s9ce disappe>$1 :]e he li/5$ to ! old] man's r savage *>act]isations ( m51 wom51 movem5ts & books4 ,a few ye>s lat] he 0 held to be lack+ 9 patriotism1 & reliev$ ( 8 po/ on acc\nt ( an article urg+ ! necessity ( ,franco-,g]man agreem5t4 ,he wrote incessantly4 ,m]lette1 a r nave & awkw>d little novel1 publi%$ 9 #ahhf1 did n promise ! "w he 0 to d4 ,x 0 no m ?an an ex]cise1 well done1 b no m1 ! "w ( a good bra9 z yet unc]ta9 ( its p]sonal impulse4 ,b ab\t ?is "t he 0 caught 9 ! /ream ( a movem5t = :i* he _h be5 wait+1 = :i*1 inde$1 ! art ( 8 "t _h be5 wait+1 ! movem5t t 0 introduc$ to ,engli% read]s by ,mr4 ,ar?ur ,symons's admirable s]ies ( critical portraits4#aj ,9 #ahij he publi%$ ,sixt9e1 d$icat$ to ,villi]s de l',isle ,adam1 :o _h di$ ! ye> be=e4 ,9 #ahib appe>$ ,le ,lat9 ,my/ique1 a book on ! ,lat9 poets ( ! ,middle ,ages4 ,he has always be5 8a delicate amateur ( ! curiosities ( beauty10 ?\gh ! "* t ,mr4 ,symons gave him has s9ce become v inadequate4 ,he edit$ ,gr>d de ,n]val1 ,aucass9 et ,nicolette1 & ,rutebeuf's ,la ,miracle de ,?ophile1 & wrote ,lili?1 #ahib1 & ,?odat1 a dramatic poem 9 prose t 0 produc$ by my fri5d ,m4 ,paul ,=t at ! ,?tre d',art on ,decemb] #aa? ( ! same ye>4 ,sev]al o!r curi\s works ( ?is p]iod 7 unit$ lat] 9 ,le ,pl]9 du ,sil5ce4 ,i extract f ! bibliography by ,m4 van ,bev]1 pr9t$ 9 ,potes d'auj\rd'hui1 a li/ ( ! m important books t h foll[$ ^! v v>i\s beg9n+s3 ,le ,livre des ,masques1 #ahif2 ,les ,*evaux de ,diomde1 #ahig2 ,le ,,iime ,livre des ,masques1 #ahih2 ,e/htique de la langue franaise1 #ahii2 ,la ,culture des ,ides1 #aijj2 ,le ,*em9 de ,vel\rs1 #aijb2 ,le ,problme du ,/yle1 #aijb2 ,physique de l',am\r1 #aijc2 ,une ,nuit au ,luxemb\rg1 #aijf2 besides f\r volumes ( lit]>y & philosophical criticism1 & f\r volumes ( comm5t on contempor>y ev5ts4 ,all ?is mass ( "w is vitalis$ by a s+le motive4 ,ev5 ! divisions ( criticism & creation 7^: bord] l9e is v dim7 are made actually "o by a desire common to bo? ( !m1 a desire n express$ 9 !m1 b satisfi$1 a desire = intellectual fre$om4 ,! motto = ! :ole is writt5 9 ,une ,nuit au ,luxemb\rg3 8,l'ex]cice de la p5se e/ un jeu1 mais il faut que ce jeu soit libre et h>monieux40 ,i am rem9d$ ( ?is s5t5ce aga9 & aga9 9 ?9k+ ( ,m4 de ,g\rmont & 8 books4 ,!re mu/ be no loss ( self-comm&1 none ( ! grimaces & ! awkw>d movem5ts ( ! fanatic1 ! man ) :om ?\ght plays4 ,! ?9k] mu/ be sup]ior to 8 ?\ght4 ,he mu/ make x 8 play?+ in/ead ( be+ sport = x4 ,8 eyes mu/ be cle>1 n halluc9at$2 8 arms 8 own1 n swung ) ! exagg]at$ ge/ures ( ! prea*] mov$ beyond himself by 8 own words4 ,m4 de ,g\rmont seems less an arti/ ?an a man det]m9$ to conqu] 8 obsessions1 work+ !m out "o by "o z !y assail him1 9 ord] to rega9 8 fre$om4 ,x is a =tunate accid5t t he works !m out by express+ !m1 twi/+ into g>l&s ! brambles t imp$e 8 way4 ,,ii ,m4 de ,g\rmont almo/ imm$iately left ! half-he>t$ realism ( ,m]lette1 &1 j z 9 8 sci5tific writ+s he is m pr(\ndly sci5tific ?an ! m5 ( sci5ce1 s 9 8 works ( ?is p]iod he c>ri$ to _! utt]mo/ limits ! doctr9es ( ! symboli/s4 ,9 8 critical "w ! hi/orian mu/ look = ! manife/oes & polemics ( ! gr\p t ga!r$ 9 ,mall>m's rooms 9 ! ,rue de ,rome4 ,! !ories are 9 ,idalisme1 publi%$ 9 #ahic1 & 9 su* essays z 8 def5ce ( ,mall>m1 writt5 9 #ahih1 & includ$ 9 ! ,prom5ades ,littraires4 ,( _! practice he supplies pl5ty ( examples4 8,nomm] un objet1 c'e/ supprim] les trois qu>ts de la j\issance du pome qui e/ faite du bonheur de dev9] peu peu2 le suggr] voil le rve40 ,mall>m wrote t 9 #ahia1 & dur+ ! 'n9eties ,remy de ,g\rmont 0 publi%+ my/]i\s little books ( poetry & prose1 ( :i* small limit$ editions 7 issu$ on r>e pap]1 9 curi\s cov]s1 ) li?ograph$ decorations z retic5t z ! writ+4 ,!re is ! ,hi/oire tragique de la ,pr9cesse ,phnissa explique en quatre pisodes1 a play ^: action might be se5 ?r\gh sev5 veils1 a play ^: motive1 nev] /at$ directly1 is1 p]haps1 ! de/ruction ( ! future = ! sake ( ! pres5t4 ,!re is ,le ,fantme1 ! /ory ( a liaison betwe5 a man & a woman if y w1 betwe5 ! intellect & ! fle% if y w1 t beg9s ) su* an an!m z might h be5 sung by "s ( ^? /range be+s :om ,poe took 8into ! />ry mead[s beyond ,orion1 :]e1 = pansies & violets & he>tsease1 are ! b$s ( ! triplicate & triple-t9t$ suns40 ,! man--is x a man8--:o tells ! /ory1 ends ) a regret = some?+ too real to be visible1 some?+ t is se5 because x is n visible3 8,je me s5tais froid1 j'avais peur--c> je la voyais1 sans p\voir m'oppos] cette trans=mation dol\reuse--je la voyais s'en all] rejo9dre le gr\pe des femmes indcises d'o mon am\r l'avait tire--je la voyais r$ev5ir le fantme qu'elles sont t\tes40 ,!re is ,le ,livre des ,litanies1 ) its elaborate incantation1 f :i* ,i take ! beg9n+ & end3 8,fleur hypocrite1 8,fleur du sil5ce4 8,rose c\leur de cuivre1 plus frauduleuse que nos joies1 rose c\leur de cuivre1 embaume-n\s dans tes m5songes1 fleur hypocrite1 fleur du sil5ce4 99 99 99 99 99 8,rose am?y/e1 toile mat9ale1 t5dresse piscopale1 rose am?y/e1 tu dors sur des poitr9es dvotes et d\illettes1 gemme (f]te ,m>ie1 gemme sacri/9e1 fleur hypocrite1 fleur du sil5ce4 8,rose c>d9ale1 rose c\leur du sang de l',eglise roma9e1 rose c>d9ale1 tu fais rv] les gr&s yeux des mignons et plus d'un t'p+la au nud de sa j>retire1 fleur hypocrite1 fleur du sil5ce4 8,rose papale1 rose arrose des ma9s qui bniss5t le monde1 rose papale1 ton cur d'or e/ en cuivre1 et les l>mes qui p]l5t sur ta va9e corolle1 ce sont les pleurs du ,*ri/1 fleur hypocrite1 fleur du sil5ce4 8,fleur hypocrite1 8,fleur du sil5ce40 ,,iii ,^!1 & o!r ?+s l !m1 made x possible = ,m4 de ,g\rmont to proce$ 9 ! discov]y ( himself4 ,he drank 8 mood to ! dregs1 leav+ no untri$ exp]im5t to clog 8 m9d ) a regret z he mov$ on4 8,i h always be5 excessive10 he says2 8,i d n l to /op half-way40 ,he foll[s ea* impulse z f> z x w take him1 le/1 by *ance1 he %\ld leave "s fl[] unta/$ 9 a bypa? he has se5 b n explor$4 ,unlike mo/ au?ors1 he nev] has to copy himself1 & does n feel b\nd1 because he has writt5 "o book ^: prose is mala*ite gre51 to produce ano!r ( ! same col\r4 8,un arti/e10 said ,wilde1 8ne recomm5ce jamais deux fois la mme *ose 444 ou bi5 c'e/ qu'il n'avait pas russi40 ,! sure/ way to fail 9 an exp]im5t is to make x ) a fa9t he>t4 ,m4 de ,g\rmont always burns 8 boats4 ,"s preoccupations1 h[ev] boldly attack$1 are n to be conqu]$ at a bl[4 ,! preoccupation ( sex is unlike t ( a !ory ( art4 ,conqu]$ aga9 & aga9 by expression1 x returns ) a new face1 a new my/]y1 a new p[] ( build+ ! intellect1 a new ,gorgon to be se5 9 ! mirror ( art & decapitat$4 ,z ! man *anges s does ,m$usa v>y h] attack1 & s mu/ he v>y ! mann] ( h] dea?4 ,n[ he w write a ,physique de l',am\r1 &1 l ,s*op5hau]1 relieve himself ( ! problem ( sex by r$uc+ x to its l[e/ t]ms4 ,n[ he w conqu] x by ! lyrical & concrete expression ( a novel or a poem4 ,sex cont9ually di/urbs him1 b ! di/urbance ( ! fle% is always1 soon] or lat]1 pacifi$ by ! m9d4 ,all 8 lat] novels are1 l ,sixt9e1 8romans de la vie crbrale40 ,sixt9e is ! /ory ( a writ]'s c\rt%ip ( a woman no m subtle ?an himself1 b f> m ready ) h] subtlety4 ,x displays ! work+s ( a man's m9d & ! /ates ( emotion ?r\gh :i* he passes1 by includ+ 9 ! text1 z !y 7 writt51 ! /ories & poems compos$ "u ! influ5ce ( ! ev5ts4 ,! man is int5sely analytic1 aft]w>ds4 ,emotion blurs ! w9d[s ( 8 bra91 & cleans h]s to a great] lucidity4 ,he always kn[s :at he ought to h done4 8,nul n'avait un plus haut degr la prs5ce d'esprit du bas de l'escali]40 ,m ?an once ! woman 0 81 if he _h kn[n x be=e he left h]4 ,f9ally1 %e is c>ri$ (f by a rival ^: me?od he has himself sugge/$4 ,! book is a trag$y ( self-consci\sness1 ^: self-consci\s h]o9e is a prize = ! only man :o is ignorant ( himself1 &1 9 ! bl9dness ( t ignorance1 is able to act4 ,b !re is no ne$ to analyse ! frameworks ( ,m4 de ,g\rmont's novels4 ,frameworks matt] v little4 ,!y are all vitalis$ by an almo/ impati5t k ( ! subtlety ( a woman's m9d 9 mom5ts ( pursuit or flight1 & ! impot5ce ( a man ^: bra9 seeks to be an hone/ m$iator betwe5 itself & 8 fle%4 ,8 m5 d n love l ! h]oes ( ord9>y books1 & are n 9 ! lea/ likely to sugge/ impossible ideals to maid5s4 ,!y are unfai?ful 9 ! fle% ne>ly always4 ,!y use "o exp]i5ce z an anae/hetic = ! pa9 !y are und]go+ 9 ano!r4 ,!y seek to be ma/]s ( !mselves by k1 & are unhappy )\t ?9k+ ( suicide on t acc\nt4 ,unhapp9ess no less ?an joy is a ?+ to be kn[n4 ,!y fail1 n gett+ :at !y want1 & are victori\s 9 und]/&+1 ) smil+ lips1 _! non-success4 ,,iv ,"o aft]noon1 9 ! ,rue des ,sa9ts-,pres1 ,m4 de ,g\rmont confirm$ ! impression already giv5 me by 8 books & 8 eyebr[s4 8,i h always be5 bo? romanesque & critique40 ,side by side he has built sep>ate piles ( books4 ,:ile writ+ ! curiosities ( symbolism t are collect$ 9 ,le ,pl]9 du ,sil5ce1 he 0 prep>+ ! ,livres des ,masques1 two s]ies ( %ort critical portraits ( ! writ]s ( 8 "t1 :i*1 9 ! case ( ^? :o survive1 are z true to-day z :5 !y 7 writt54 ,x has be5 s ?r\gh\t4 ,9 ! "o pile are little volumes ( poetry l ,les ,sa9tes du ,p>adis1 & su* romances z ^? we h be5 discuss+2 9 ! o!r are works ( sci5ce l ! ,physique de l',am\r1 books b5evol5tly polemical l ,le ,problme du ,/yle1 & collections ( criticism 9 :i* an agile intellig5ce collaborates ) a wakeful s5se ( beauty4 ,9 ?is critical "w1 z 9 :at is m easily recognis$ z creative1 ,m4 de ,g\rmont builds = fre$om4 ,he w be b\nd nei!r by 8 own preoccupations nor by o!r m5's ?\ghts4 ,x is *>act]i/ic ( him t 8 mo/ p]sonal essays 9 criticism are 8,dissociations ( ,ideas40 ,! dissociation ( ideas is a me?od ( ?\ght t sep>ates ! ideas put into d\ble h>ness by tradition1 j z ! *emi/ turns wat] into hydrog5 & oxyg51 ) :i*1 sev]ally1 he c make o!r comp\nds4 ,?is1 l mo/ que/ions ( ?\ght1 is a "q ( words4 ,words are ! lib]ators ( ideas1 s9ce )\t !m ideas _c escape f ! flux ( feel+ into indep5d5t life4 ,!y are also _! gaol]s1 s9ce !y are t]ribly cohesive1 & m>ri$ words cl+ toge!r1 b9d+ 9 a lov]'s knot ! ideas !y repres5t4 ,all m5 us+ words 9 comb9ation abet ^! m>riages1 ?\gh 9 do+ s !y are mak+ b>s ( iron = ! prisons 9 :i* !y speculate on ! torn fragm5t ( sky t _! w9d[ lets !m p]ceive4 ,no?+ is easi] ?an1 by tak+ words & _! associations z !y are commonly us$1 to /r5g!n ! adh]5ce ( ideas to ea* o!r4 ,no?+ ne$s a m awak5$ intellig5ce ?an to weak5 ! bonds ( su* ideas by sep>at+ ! words t b9d !m4 ,t is ! me?od ( ,m4 de ,g\rmont4 ,he sep>ates1 = example1 ! idea ( ,/phane ,mall>m & t ( 8decad5ce10 ! idea ( glory & t ( immortality1 ! idea ( success & t ( beauty4 ,x is1 too1 a dissociation ( ideas :5 he inquires into ! value ( education1 ^! two ideas ( wor? & k be+ commonly alli$4 ,! me?od1 or r ! consci\sness ( ! me?od1 is fruitful 9 mat]ial = discussion1 ?\gh ?is advantage _c weigh mu* ) ,m4 de ,g\rmont1 ^: bra9 lacks nei!r motive p[] nor gri/ to gr9d4 ,x is1 = him1 no m ?an a recurr5t clean+ ( ! glasses ?r\gh :i* he looks at ! subjects ( 8 speculation4 ,he speculates cont9ually1 &1 if que/ions are insoluble1 is n cont5t until he has s pos$ !m z to %[ ! reason ( _! insolubility4 ,he pref]s a calm "q m>k to ! m emotional m>k ( exclamation1 & is always happy :5 he c turn ! second into ! fir/4 ,he is extraord9>ily ?or\gh1 mov+ always 9 mass & tak+ ev]y?+ ) him1 s t he has no foot/eps to retrace 9 ord] to pick up baggage left beh9d4 ,unlike ,!seus1 he unrolls no clue ( ?read :5 he ent]s ! cav]n ( ,m9otaur4 ,he w come out by a diff]5t way or n at all4 ,! mo/ p[]ful ,m9otaur ( our day does n dismay him4 ,confid5t 9 8 own probity1 he w walk calmly among ! m5 ( sci5ce & br+ an ,e/htique de la langue franaise1 or a ,physique de l',am\r1 meat ( unaccu/om$ ri*ness1 to lay be=e _! husk-f$ deity4 ,9 criticism1 z 9 creation1 he does n l ?+s half-done4 ,! /ory ( ! orig9 ( "o ( ^! books is ! /ory ( !m all4 ,!re is a fooli% little "w by ,m4 ,albalat1 :i* pr(esses to tea* /yle 9 tw5ty-sev5 lessons4 ,m4 de ,g\rmont read x & smil$2 he wrote an article1 & /ill f\nd some?+ to smile at2 he wrote a book1 ,le ,problme du ,/yle1 9 :i*1 mock+ ,m4 ,albalat ?r\gh a hundr$ & fifty-two c\rte\s pages1 he %[$1 besides _m o!r ?+s1 t /yle is n to be taught 9 tw5ty-sev5 lessons1 &1 inde$1 is n to be taught at all4 ,!n he felt free to smile at some?+ else4 ,m4 de ,g\rmont is c>eful to say t he br\ght to ! ,e/htique de la langue franaise1 8ni lois1 ni rgles1 ni pr9cipes peut-tre2 je n'apporte ri5 qu'un s5tim5t e/htique assez viol5t et quelques notions hi/oriques3 voil ce que je jette au has>d dans la gr&e cuve o f]m5te la langue de dema940 ,an ae/hetic feel+ & "s hi/orical notions 7 suffici5tly ne$$ 9 ! f]m5t+ vat :]e ! old ,fr5* language1 9 :i* !re is h>dly any ,greek1 is be+ horribly adult]at$ ) bra9less translations ( good ,fr5* made by ,hell5i/s ( ! diction>y4 ,m4 de ,g\rmont is 9 love ) 8 language1 b kn[s t %e is r va9 & ready to we> all k9ds ( borr[$ plumes1 :e!r or n !y suit h]4 ,he w\ld take f h] h] imitation o/ri* fea!rs1 & w\ld hide also all ribbons f ! ,london m>ket1 unless %e fir/ dye !m until !y fall )\t discord into ! s*eme ( col\r t c5turies h made h] own4 ,:y write 8high life10 = example1 or 8five o'clock10 or 8sleep+08 ,:y %ock ,fr5* & ,engli% alike by writ+ 8,le ,club de ,rugby0 on a gate 9 ,t\rs8 ,a k+fi%] 9 ,engl& flies v happily z m>t9-p*eur 9 ,france1 & ! language is n s /]ile z to be unable to bre$ words f its own /ock = :atev] ne$s a "n4 ,physique de l',am\r2 ,essai sur l'in/9ct sexuel1 8qui n'e/ qu'un essai1 p>ce que la matire de son ide e/ imm5se1 reprs5te p\rtant une ambition3 on v\drait agr&ir la psy*ologie gnrale de l'am\r1 la faire comm5c] au comm5cem5t mme de l'activit mle et femelle1 situ] la vie sexuelle de l'homme dans le plan unique de la sexualit univ]selle40 ,x is a book full ( illu/ration1 a va/ collection ( facts1 & ?r[s into ano!r f]m5t+ vat ?an t ( language "s suffici5tly valuable ideas4 ,x less5s ! pride ( man1 &1 at ! same "t1 gives him a desp]ate c\rage1 z x %[s him t ev5 9 ! ecc5tricities ( 8 love-mak+ he is n alone1 t ! mode/y ( 8 wom5 is a fa9t hesitation beside ! t]rifi$ flight ( ! %e-mole1 t 8 own sup]iority is b an accid5t1 & t he mu/ hold himself =tunate 9 t nature does n treat him l ! male bee1 & toss 8 mangl$ body disda9fully to e>? z soon z he has done h] "w4 ,m4 de ,g\rmont's books d n flatt] humanity4 ,!y cle> ! eyes ( ! /rong1 & ang] ! weak :o _c be> to li/5 to unpalatable tru?s4 ,v ,m4 de ,g\rmont's mo/ obvi\s quality is v]satility1 & ?\gh1 z ,i h tri$ to po9t out1 x is n difficult to f9d a unity ( cause or int5tion 9 8 mo/ v>i\s expressions1 8 l(ty & c>eless pursuit ( 8 incl9ations1 8 life ( ?\ght = its own sake1 has probably co/ him a wide & imm$iate recognition4 ,t loss is n 81 b is borne by ^? :o dep5d = _! read+ on ! names t float upw>d f ! cr[d4 ,ev5 8 admir]s compla93 "s t he has n giv5 !m m poems2 o!rs t 8 ,physique de l',am\r /&s alone on its %elf2 o!rs t a critic su* z he %\ld h sp5t "t on romances2 o!rs1 aga91 t a writ] ( su* romances %\ld h us$ any ( 8 magnific5t p[] 9 :at !y _c see to be creative "w4 ,m4 de ,g\rmont is indiff]5t to all alike1 & sits al(t 9 ! ,rue des ,sa9ts-,pres1 indulg+ 8 m9d ) free & h>moni\s play4 ,9 "o ( 8 books1 f> m ?an 9 ! o!rs1 two at lea/ ( 8 app>5tly opposite activities h come to "w 9 unison4 ,all 8 romances1 aft] & includ+ ,sixt9e1 are vitalis$ by a nev]-sleep+ intellect2 b "o 9 p>ticul> is a book ^: ess5ce is bo? critical & romantic1 a book ( ?\ght col\r$ l a poem & mov+ ) a delicate grace ( n>rative4 ,une ,nuit au ,luxemb\rg#aa 0 publi%$ 9 #aijf1 & is ! book t op5s mo/ vi/as 9 ,m4 de ,g\rmont's "w4 ,a god walks 9 ! g>d5s beh9d ! ,odon1 & a w9t]'s night is a summ]'s morn+1 on :i* ! "y j\rnali/ :o has d>$ to say 8,my fri5d0 to ! lum9\s unkn[n 9 ! *ur* ( ,sa9t-,sulpice1 he>s him proclaim ! =gott5 tru? t 9 "o age 8 "m has be5 ,m>y1 & 9 ano!r ,latona1 & ! new tru? t ! gods are n immortal ?\gh _! lives are long4 ,fl[]s are 9 bloom :]e !y walk1 & ?ree beautiful girls greet !m ) div9e amity4 ,mo/ ( ! book is writt5 9 dialogue1 & 9 ?is anci5t =m1 nev] fill$ ) subtl] ess5ces1 d\bts are born & become beliefs1 beliefs become d\bts & die1 :ile ! sun %9es1 fl[]s are sweet1 & girls' lips s(t to kiss4 ,:]e !re is ,god he w n h ,love abs5t1 & :]e ,love is he f9ds ! mo/ /imulat+ ex]cise = 8 bra94 ,ideas n new b ga!r$ f all ! philosoph]s are giv5 an ae/hetic r ?an a sci5tific value1 & are us$ l ! t9ts on a palette4 ,inde$1 ! book is a balanc$ composition 9 :i* ea* col\r has its complem5t4 ,epicurus1 ,lucretius1 ,/4 ,paul1 ,*ri/ianity1 ! repl5i%m5t ( ! e>? by ! ,jews2 x is impossible to close ! book at any page )\t f9d+ ! m9d z x 7 ^u a spr+bo>d & ready to laun* itself 9 delightful flight4 ,!re are _m books t give a speci\s s5sation ( intellectual bus9ess :ile we read !m4 ,!re are v few t leave1 long aft] !y are laid aside1 /imuli to indep5d5t activity4 ,,vi 8,il ne faut pas *]*] la vrit2 mais devant un homme compr5dre quelle e/ sa vrit40 ,we mu/ n seek 9 a man's "w = ! tru?1 s9ce !re are z _m tru?s z bra9s2 b x is wor? :ile to def9e an answ] "h & an answ] !re out ( ! _m4 ,:at is ! answ] ( ,remy de ,g\rmont8 ,quelle e/ sa vrit8 ,( :at k9d is 8 tru?8 ,does he br+ rosem>y = remembrance or poppy = oblivion8 ,n 9 :at he says1 b 9 ! po9t f :i* he says x1 we mu/ look = our indications4 ,8 life1 l ,sixt9e1 is a 8roman de la vie crbrale40 ,x is ! spectacle ( a man ^: conque/s are won by und]/&+4 ,= him ! escape ( my/icism 0 inadequate1 & an invitation to c[>dice4 ,he w\ld n abdicate1 b1 s9ce ^? empires are un/able ^: b\nd>ies are fix$1 conqu] cont9ually4 ,! conque/s ( ! m9d are n won by neglect4 ,x is n suffici5t to refuse to see4 ,! conqu]or mu/ see s cle>ly t life blu%es be=e 8 sob] eyes1 &1 und]/ood1 no long] dom9ates4 ,remy de ,g\rmont has suff]$ & conqu]$ 8 suff]+ 9 und]/&+ x4 ,he w\ld ext5d ?is dom9ion4 ,he w\ld realise all t happ5s to him1 books1 a *ance visitor1 a meet+ 9 ! /reet1 ! liquid b>s ( light across ! muddy ,se9e4 ,he w\ld transmute all into ! m]curial matt] ( ?\ght1 until1 at la/ impregnable1 he %\ld see life f above1 hav+ tra9$ 8 dige/ive p[]s to ! same p]fection z 8 p[]s ( reception4 ,al?\gh "o ( ! ,symboli/s1 he has mov$ f> f ! />t+-po9t assign$ to t s*ool by ,mr4 ,symons4 ,8 books are n 8escapes f ! ?\ght ( dea?40 ,! ?\ght ( dea? is to him l any o!r ?\ght1 a rude playfell[ to be ma/]$ & tra9$ to fitness = t free & h>moni\s game4 ,! life ( ! bra91 ! noble/ ( all battles1 t ( a m9d aga9/ ! univ]se :i* x creates1 has come to seem m important to him ?an ! curiosities ( beauty ( :i* he 0 once enam\r$4 ,x has1 p]haps1 made him m ( a ?9k] ?an an arti/4 ,9 8 desire to conqu] 8 obsessions he has sometimes lo/ sight ( ! unity t is ess5tial to art1 a happy accid5t 9 ?\ght4 ,8 lat] books h be5 ! by-products ( a m intimate lab\r4 ,he has left !m by ! road ^: end he has n hop$ to rea*1 ^: pursuit suffices him4 ,!y wake 9 ! read] a desire :i* has no?+ to d ) art4 ,?is desire--a desire = intellectual hone/y--& ) t1 p]haps1 = intellectual gaiety1 is ! *>act]i/ic gift ( 8 "w4 ,x is nev] (f]$ alone4 ,he accompanies x ) criticism1 ) witty epilogues1 s]i\s diss]tations1 & lic5ti\s little /ories2 b x is n s mu* = ! sake ( ^! ?+s z = ! /imulus ( t desire t we turn1 & seldom 9 va91 to ,m4 de ,g\rmont's books4 #aiaa4 ,,! ,,poetry ,,( ,,yone ,,nogu*i ,,! ,,poetry ,,( ,,yone ,,nogu*i ,s-%i1 a ,*9ese philosoph]1 dream$ t he 0 a butt]fly1 &1 9 ! mom5t ( wak+1 ask$ himself3 8,are y ,s-%i :o has dream$ t he 0 a butt]fly1 or are y a butt]fly :o is dream+ t he is ,s-%i80 ,t "q is cont9ually repeat$ 9 ! works ( ,yone ,nogu*i1 :o seems1 inde$1 to h ! fre$om ( two worlds1 & to f9d reality z (t5 9 "o z 9 ! o!r4 ,nogu*i is = ev] 9 d\bt ( 8 own exi/5ce1 suspici\s ( appe>ances1 & se>*+ = ! reality 9 ?+s beyond t\* or description4 8,my s\l10 he writes3 8,my s\l1 l a *illy w+$ fly1 roams ab\t ! sadness-wall$ body1 hunt+ = a casem5t to fly out4 ,lo1 sudd5ly1 an inspir$ bird flies upright into ! atom-ey$ sky6 ,alas1 8 reflection s9ks f> d[n into ! mileless bottom ( ! mirrory rivulet6 ,is ?is _w ! solid be+8--or a %ad[y no?+8 ,is ! =m t flies up ! real bird8 or ! figure t s9ks d[n80 ,& aga93 8,! _w is n my resid5ce to ! end6 ,alas1 ! moon has lo/ h] way1 h>ass$ among ! leaf-fell[s on ! d>kl+ hill-top6 ,isn't !re *ance = my fly+ out80 ,! _w is n too mu* ) ?is poet ( ,japan :o writes 9 our language1 & x is int]e/+ to comp>e ?is symboli/ ( a nation ( consci\s symboli/s ) ! few m5 :o 9 ,france & ,engl& h turn$ an unconsci\s b almo/ univ]sal practice into a !ory ( poetry4#ab ,b ,i mu/ n1 9 my c>e = 8 "w1 pret5d t ! poet is ! immat]ial float+ fairy t he almo/ seems to be4 8,i h ca/ ! _w10 he says1 8& ?9k me z no?+1 8,yet ,i feel cold on sn[-fall+ day1 ,& happy on fl[] day40 ,let me1 be=e say+ m1 set d[n su* facts z ,i "k ab\t 8 physical exi/5ce4 ,yone ,nogu*i 0 born 9 ,japan ab\t #ahgf4 ,he 0 9 ,am]ica be=e he 0 tw5ty1 &1 9 company ) a few o!r ,japanese /ud5ts1 suff]$ extreme pov]ty1 & ! />vation :i* ^? :o h n tri$ x consid] s efficaci\s a /imulant to ! s\l4 ,he made "s fri5ds among ,am]ican writ]s1 & /ay$ = a "t ) ,joaqu9 ,mill]4 ,9 #ahig he publi%$ ,se5 & ,unse53 or ,monologues ( a ,homeless ,snail1 & 9 ! next ye> ,! ,voice ( ! ,valley1 a little book inspir$ by a /ay 9 ! ,yosemite4 ,9 #aijb he came to ,engl&1 & liv$ ) ,mr4 ,yo%io ,m>k9o 7:o _h n !n realis$ himself & ,london 9 8 wat]-col\rs7 9 poor lodg+s 9 ! ,brixton ,road4 ,f ^! lodg+s he issu$ a sixte5-page pamphlet ( v]se pr9t$ on br[n pap]1 :i* drew su* notice t ! ,unicorn ,press 7an un=tunate little firm t publi%$ "s v good books1 "s bad ones1 & di$7 produc$ a volume1 call$1 l ! pamphlet1 ,f ! ,ea/]n ,sea1 & conta9+1 besides ^? sixte5 pages ( poetry1 o!r v]ses f ! ,am]ican books & a numb] ( new pieces4 ,! cov] ( ?is edition 0 design$ by ,mr4 ,yo%io ,m>k9o4 ,i knew ,nogu*i at ?is "t1 & (t5 walk$ ) him along ! ,embankm5t 9 ! ev5+s1 or "u ^? 8lamp-lights ( web-l /reets ba!d 9 ! opiate mi/s10 t he & ,yo%io ,m>k9o h us$ s delicately 9 _! sev]al arts4 ,i rememb] him z a small man1 ?\gh p]haps n noticeably small by ,japanese /&>ds1 ) black hair less ord]ly & geometrical 9 gr[? ?an mo/ ,japanese hair1 & a face ( extraord9>y s5sitiv5ess1 high-br[$ b ) broadly set eyes1 & a m\? l a woman's1 l t ( a woman controll+ "s almo/ te>ful emotion4 ,ev5 9 ! h&l+ ( a cig>ette1 ^: end he /ripp$ ( its pap] s t ! tobacco might s]ve 9 ! mak+ ( ano!r 7we 7 almo/ p5niless 9 ^? days71 !re 0 a delicacy t made x impossible n to recognise t he 0 a man :o liv$ m f9ely ?an mo/4 ,8 conv]sations 7 ( poetry1 ( ! pr9ciples ( ! p>ticul> poetry he held t x 0 8 to write1 & ( ! works ( ^? ,engli% poets he _h read4 8,i hate y\r ,longfell[10 he said1 8& ,i love y\r ,keats10 & 9 contra/+ ! two he 01 p]haps1 def9+ to himself an important t5d5cy ( 8 own4 ,he left ,london 9 #aijc1 & w5t to ,new ,york & !n to ,japan4 ,he _h "s difficulties !re1 difficulties1 ,i believe1 ( misund]/&+ on ! "p ( 8 own c\ntrym54 ,he cross$ to ! ma9l& & travell$ 9 ,*9a = a ye>1 & p]haps long]4 ,9 #aijf he publi%$ ,! ,summ] ,cl\d 9 ,tokio1 &1 9 ,june la/ ye>1 he s5t me a two-volume book 9 a blue case ) small ivory fa/5+s1 pr9t$ by ! ,valley ,press 9 ,kamakura4 ,?is book1 ,! ,pilgrimage1 has be5 issu$ 9 ,engl& by ,mr4 ,elk9 ,ma!ws4 ,^! five books d n conta9 a l>ge body ( v]se1 b !y conta9 v]se ^: int]e/ = u is n conc5trat$ 9 ! nationality ( ! writ]4 ,! title ( ! br[n-pap] pamphlet publi%$ 9 ! ,brixton ,road is ,f ! ,ea/]n ,sea1 8by ,yone ,nogu*i 7,japanese710 b ?\gh t ^w ar\s$ a c>eless curiosity1 ! curiosity 0 turn$ into some?+ m valuable by qualities less incid5tal4 ,! imag]y ( ,nogu*i's v]se is ,japanese 9 feel+1 j z ! imag]y 9 ,synge's plays is ,iri%1 & t ( ,v]la9e's poetry ,fr5*1 b ! imag]y 9 any "o ( ^! ?ree cases w\ld h be5 wor?less if ! man :o us$ x _h be5 m]ely ,japanese1 ,iri%1 or ,fr5*1 & n a man ( g5ius ) ! gift ( sett+ words free ) liv+ brea?4 ,our conc]n is n ) ! nationality ( ?is writ]1 b ) 8 conception ( ! poet1 & ) 8 poetry4 ,nogu*i wrote 8 fir/ book 9 #ahif1 & s _h n read ,mr4 ,ar?ur ,symons' ,! ,symboli/ ,movem5t 9 ,lit]ature1 :i* 0 issu$ ?ree ye>s lat]4 ,he w\ld h f\nd !re an acc\nt ( poets n unlike himself1 & ( a poetry ne>] ?an ,keats' to 8 own1 & fur!r remov$ ?an ,keats' f t ( ! hat$ ,longfell[4 ,symons1 writ+ ( ,v]la9e1 says3 8,is n 8 :ole art a delicate wait+ ^u moods1 ) t p]fect confid5ce 9 !m z !y are1 :i* is a l>ge "p ( ord9>y education to disc\rage 9 u1 & a l>ge "p ( exp]i5ce to repress8 ,b to ,v]la9e1 happily1 exp]i5ce taught no?+2 or r x taught him only to cl+ ! m closely to ^? moods 9 ^: succession lies ! m intimate "p ( our spiritual life40 ,nogu*i lives almo/ cont9u\sly 9 ^? moods2 exp]i5ce ) him is mom5t>y r ?an cumulative2 & 8 aim1 express$ m ?an once 9 8 v]se1 is only to keep himself a vessel z cle> z possible = ! unsulli$ transf]5ce ( ^? mom5ts f ! b[l ( life to t ( art4 ,x w n be difficult to make f 8 v]ses a portrait ( 8 ideal poet1 &1 9 writ+ ( a man n yet v widely kn[n1 ,i believe ,i %all be/ be do+ my duty by him 9 quot+ 8 own words z (t5 z ,i c4 ,9 ,! ,poet he says3 8,! roses live by ! eat+ ( _! own beauty & !n die4 ,8 song is ! fun]al *ant = 8 own dea? ( e mom5t40 ,& aga91 ( himself3 8,i s+ ! song ( my he>t-/r+s1 alone 9 ! et]nal mut5ess1 9 ! face ( ,god40 ,& aga93 8,! ,god-belov$ man welcomes1 respects z an hon\r$ gue/1 8 own s\l & body 9 8 solitude4 ,lo6 ! roses "u ! night dress !mselves 9 sil5ce1 & expect no mortal applaud--cont5t ) t ( _! voiceless ,god40 ,& aga93 8,o1 wa% me & wa% me aga9 ) ?y light1 ,& burn my body to a flame ( s\l6 ,x is ?is mom5t t ,i conqu] ! int]v5tion ( fle%1 ,& its rebellions t work$ 9 me at unexpect$ "t4 ,x's n too mu* to say ,i am a revelation or a wond]1 ,w++ z a falcon into ! brea/ ( lovel9ess & air40 ,& aga93 8444 ,:at a bird ,dreams 9 ! moonlight is my dream1 ,:at a rose s+s is my song40 8,o1 to lose ! _w & ga9 a song10 he cries1 & !n1 8,i am glad to be no-man to-day1 ) ! laught] & dance ( ! sea s\l40 ,8 ?\ghts fall l leaves 9 autumn 8on ! sn[y *eeks ( 8 pap]40 ,8 is ! poetry ( self-abnegation1 ( id5tification ( himself ) ! _w4 ,8 s\l dances 8on ! silv] /r+s0 ( ! ra94 8,we10 he s+s1 are 8happy to be biograph]s ( ea* o!r1 ,i & a bird40 ,he flies himself z a kite1 to be lift$ or let fall by ! w9ds t d n move at all ^? ^: pride is 9 _! sage & measur$ foot/eps on ! gr\nd4 ,9 ! la/ ( 8 volumes !re are a few specim5s ( ,japanese sev5te5-syllabl$ v]se1 hokku1 & 9 a note ,nogu*i writes t su* a poem 89 ,japanese m9d1 might be comp>$ ) a t9y />1 ,i d>e say1 c>ry+ ! :ole sky at its back4 ,x is l a slightly op5 door1 :]e y may /eal into ! realm ( poesy4 ,its value dep5ds on h[ mu* x sugge/s4 ,! ,hokku poet's *ief aim is to impress ! read] ) ! high atmosph]e 9 :i* he is liv+40 ,! ,hokku poet1 l ,nogu*i1 nev] writes ( ! ?+ ab\t :i* he is writ+4 ,! emotions he wi%es to express are too subtle = description 9 words1 & c only be writt5 ( 9 ! spaces betwe5 ! l9es1 j z betwe5 ! petals ( a fl[] we may f9d dreams t ! fl[] has nev] kn[n1 & ! sugge/ions ( some?+ less pond]able ?an ! e>? 9 :i* x _h its roots4 ,an example ( ,hokku poetry w illu/rate ! me?od ( all ,nogu*i's3 8,:]e ! fl[]s sleep1 ,?ank ,god6 ,i %all sleep to-night4 ,oh1 come1 butt]fly40 ,t is valuable z a talisman r ?an z a picture4 ,x is a pe>l to be dissolv$ 9 ! w9e ( a mood4 ,pe>ls are n w9e1 nor 9 !mselves to be ?\ght ( z dr9k1 b !re is a k9d ( magic 9 ! w9e 9 :i* !y are dissolv$4 ,9 ,nogu*i's poems !re is ! co-op]ation betwe5 sil5ce & spee* ( :i* ,c>lyle 0 ?9k+ :5 he wrote3 8,9 a ,symbol !re is concealm5t & yet revelation3 "h !re=e by ,sil5ce & ,spee* act+ toge!r1 comes a d\ble significance4 ,& if bo? ! ,spee* be itself high1 & ! ,sil5ce fit & noble1 h[ expressive w _! union be60 ,9 _m poems ( ! ,fr5* symboli/s ! ,spee* is almo/ mean+less1 except 9 ! ,sil5ce t is cov]$ by its melody4 ,9 ,nogu*i bo? ,spee* & ,sil5ce are full ( a *>m t we c sc>cely f9d 9 life b 9 =tunate r>e moods4 ,he writes3 8,i am /irr+ ! waves ( ,rev]ie ) my mean+less b wisdom-wrea!d syllables40 ,b he is incapable ( d5y+ 8 own *>m to ! c>efully-word$ accompanim5t ( ! ,sil5ce ) :i* he is really conc]n$4 ,he sees ! _w ) eyes too guileless n to make x alive1 ev5 :5 us+ x z an invocation4 ,he sees ideas too cle>ly n to make !m1 ev5 9 a spell1 indep5d5tly vivid = 8 li/5]s4 ,= an example ( ! "o take ?is picture3 8,alas1 ! "m c[1 ) matron eyes1 utt]s h] bitt] he>t1 kidnapp$ ( h] *ildr5 by ! curl+ gossam] mi/60 ,= an example ( ! o!r1 ?is idea3 8,! ,univ]se1 too1 has some:]e its %ad[2 b :at ab\t my songs8 ,an !re be no %ad[1 no e*o+ to ! end--my brok5-?roat$ lute w nev] aga9 be made :ole40 ,he is a poet ^: flame has be5 s scrupul\sly t5d$ z to flick] ) ! slighte/ brea?4 ,he is z _m-mood$ z ! comb9ations betwe5 sun%9e & %ad[4 ,8 poetry actually is ! ?+ t has induc$ a mood 9 him1 trimm$ ( all t he has _h to remove = himself1 & s made into some?+ betwe5 nature & t pure elevation ( m9d f :i* ,nogu*i feels4 ,?is quality ( pale flame-l emotion is common to all 8 poems1 extraord9>ily v>i\s z !y are4 ,sometimes he speaks ) gr&eur1 z 9 ^! l9es3 8,:5 ,i am lo/ 9 ! deep body ( ! mi/ on a hill1 ,! univ]se seems built ) me z its pill>6 ,am ,i ! ,god ^u ! face ( ! deep1 nay deepless deepness 9 ! beg9n+80 ,sometimes wi/fully3 8,alas6 my s\l is l a pap] lant]n1 its pa/e wett$ (f "u ! ra94 ,my love1 wilt ?\ n come back to-night8 ,lo1 ! snail at my door /eal?ily hides 8 horns4 ,oh1 put =? ?y hon\rable horns = my sake6 ,:]e is ,tru?8 ,:]e is ,light80 ,sometimes que/ion+3 8,my poetry beg9s ) ! tireless songs ( ! cricket1 on ! lean grey-hair$ hill1 9 sob]-fac$ ev5+4 ,& ! next page is ,/illness---- ,& :at !n1 ab\t ! next to t8 ,alas1 ! ,god puts 8 univ]se-cov]+ h& ov] its %eets6 ,ma/]1 take (f y\r h& = ! humble s]vant6 ,ask$ 9 va93---- ,h[ long = my m$itation80 ,b x is impossible ) ! quotations p]missible 9 an article to give an adequate pres5tm5t ( a poet ^: poems are s sep>ate t a hundr$ ( !m d n suffice = 8 expression4 ,nogu*i has1 l ,v]la9e1 escap$ ! wisdom ( exp]i5ce2 8 late/ moods are z sky-cle> z 8 fir/1 diff]5t ?\gh !y are 9 te*nique & 9 feel+4 ,ea* "o ( !m is a gl9t ( light f a diamond2 x is impossible1 b 9 see+ innum]able gl9ts toge!r1 satisfactorily to p]ceive ! diamond itself4 ,nogu*i's te*nique is 8 own1 ?\gh x w\ld be possible to f9d 9 rem9isc5t phrases sugge/ions ( influ5ce4 ,a man us+ ,engli% words ) some?+ ( ! surpris+ d>+ ( ! ,iri% peasants on ^: talk ,mr4 ,synge modell$ 8 prose1 us+ !m1 too1 l a =eign] :o has fall5 9 love ) !m1 he is able to give !m a morn+ fre%ness new] & /rang] ?an is giv5 !m 7?\gh ! words ( all f9e writ]s are newly discov]$7 by m5 ^: ance/ors h b&i$ !m ab\t4 ,he uses !m 9 %ort & long l9es t1 9 8 lat] books1 le>n m & m ( rhy?m4 ,rhyme he has n attempt$1 & x w\ld1 ,i ?9k1 h hamp]$ ! butt]fly-fla% ( 8 v]se f ?\ght to ?\ght4 ,9 ,! ,summ] ,cl\d _m ( ! poems ( 8 e>ly books are alt]$ to prose simply by ! plan ( _! pr9t+4 ,! type is diff]5tly set on ! page & !y are call$ prose poems4 ,i d n "k :at l$ ,nogu*i to make ?is exp]im5t1 b x prov$ t ! irregul>1 brok5 l9es 9 :i* 8 poems 7 orig9ally publi%$ _h a real p[] ov] ! effect ! words produc$4 ,! spaces betwe5 ! l9es 7 a k9d ( ?\ght punctuation1 & ! m9d ne$$ ^! mom5ts betwe5 ! little1 brea?less1 sc>cely-word$ sighs t make 8 poems4 ,9 read+ !m al\d x becomes cle> t ! ritual ( ! l9e-spac+ 0 m important ?an t ( commas or full-/ops4 ,nogu*i's songs are l bird flights1 tim+ !mselves ) ! pulse ( ! m9d t foll[s !m4 ,8 ideal is a poetry ( pure sugge/ion ^: melody %all be ( ?\ght1 caprici\s & unc]ta9 z ! m9d1 b only ) ! m9d's caprice1 ! m9d's unc]ta9ty4 ,! foll[+ poem 0 pr9t$ z prose 9 ,! ,summ] ,cl\d1 & z x /&s "h 9 ,! ,pilgrimage4 8,little ,fairy1 ,little ,fairy by a he>?1 ,flight 9 ?9e eyes1 ,hu% on ?y feet1 ,%all ,i g ) !e up to ,heav5 ,by ! road ( ! fire-flame8 ,little ,fairy1 ,little ,fairy by a riv]1 ,dance 9 ?y he>t1 ,long+ at ?y lips1 ,%all ,i g d[n ) !e to 8,f>-,away10 ,roll+ ov] ! s++ bubbles8 ,little ,fairy1 ,little ,fairy by a poppy1 ,dream 9 ?y hair1 ,solitude "u ?y w+s1 ,%all ,i sleep ) !e to-night 9 ! gold5 cup ,"u ! />s80 ,x is easy1 9 read+ x al\d1 to recognise t its =m is n accid5tal1 b foll[s1 brea? = brea?1 ! movem5ts ( ! m9d4 ,b :o %all analyse *>m1 or sep>ate ! t9ts ( ! opal8 ,9 writ+ ( ,nogu*i1 ,i am writ+ ( some?+ t c only be def9$ by itself4 ,i c only take %r$ aft] %r$ f ! cloak ( gossam] he has wov5 = himself1 & only hope 9 do+ s to p]suade o!r read]s to buy 8 books & f9d = !mselves a hundr$ %r$s z beautiful z ^!4 ,! frontispiece to ,! ,pilgrimage is a reproduction ( a draw+ by ,utam>u1 a ?+ ( f\r pale col\rs & a spla% ( black1 & made z light z w9d by curves z subtle & z indef9able z ^? trac$ by wor%ipp+ />s r\nd ! object ( _! adoration4 ,i _h =gott5 t x is ! picture ( a girl1 & t fact is1 inde$1 z immat]ial z ! titles ( ,nogu*i's poems4 ,9 look+ at x1 ,i =get n only its subject1 b ! book 9 :i* x is1 = ?is art1 ( poet or pa9t]1 ,v]la9e1 ,nogu*i1 ,utam>u1 ,:i/l]1 frees u1 infect+ u ) its own fre$om1 f ! _w :i* is too mu* ) u1 = ! exploration ( t o!r _w ( dream :i*1 unless we1 too1 are *ildr51 is ) u s fitfully1 & s seldom4 8,beckon$ by an appo9t$ h&1 unse5 yet sure1 9 holy air ,we w&] z a w9d1 silv] & free1 ,) "o song 9 he>t1 we1 ! *ildr5 ( pray]4 ,our song is n ( a city's fall2 ,no laught] ( a k+dom bids our feet wait2 ,our he>t is away1 ) sun1 w9d1 & ra93 ,we1 ! %ad[y roam]s on ! holy highway40 #aiji4 ,,k9etic ,,& ,,pot5tial ,,spee* ,,k9etic ,,& ,,pot5tial ,,spee* ,def9itions1 l my?ologies1 we> out4 ,x is !n important to replace !m4 ,aladd9's wife _h a *oice1 b we h none4 ,we mu/ *ange our old lamps = new1 or sit 9 ! d>k4 ,a natural philosoph] :o reta9$ ! my?ological def9ition ( ?und] c\ld n speak ( lightn+ to "y m5 :o _h le>nt ( electricity )\t an air ( irrelevance ( :i* he might be q unconsci\s4 ,n s 8 li/5]s1 :o w\ld bru% 8 explanations impati5tly aside z soon z !y knew ! beliefs on :i* he bas$ !m4 ,:5ev] hi/orians or critics seem irrelevant1 we are safe 9 assum+ a diff]5ce betwe5 _! def9itions & our own4 ,:5 !y seem irrelevant to _m p beside ourselves1 we c g fur!r & assume t _! def9itions are ei!r worn out or n yet accept$4 ,sometimes1 ( c\rse1 !y are )\t def9itions ei!r old or new1 b !n !y ne$ n tr\ble u1 = !y disappe> l cuttle-fi%es 9 ! d>kness ( _! own ink4 ,!re is at ! pres5t day a widespread dissatisfaction ) hi/orians ( lit]ature4 ,x is impossible n to feel t _! dicta d n matt]1 t _! s5se ( p]spective is wrong or unc]ta91 t _! books are ( no use to u except z bibliographies4 ,a new def9ition ( lit]ature is ne$$1 t %all give !m "s scale1 "s /&>d to :i* !y c ref]4 ,= )\t su* /&>d or scale1 !y c d no m ?an gossip1 or judge poetry by its passion1 by its s5se1 by its smoo?ness1 or by any o!r half-rememb]$ scrap f a def9ition t is no long] adequate4 ,if we w\ld get rid ( ^! irrelevancies1 & write hi/ories ( lit]ature t %all deal ) ! matt] ( :i* !y propose to treat1 we mu/ f9d a new /&>d ( values1 & to f9d t we mu/ make a new def9ition4 ,we mu/ h a /atem5t ( ! nature ( lit]ature applicable n to ! books ( "o nation ( "o "t only1 b to ^? ( all nations & ( all times4 ,x mu/ supply u ) t]ms 9 :i* we c /ate ! aims ( widely diff]5t s*ools & writ]s1 ) reg>d to _! m$ium & n to any accid5tal quality4 ,if x is to d t we mu/ escape f ! prejudices ( our own "t 7:i* may be invisible to u7 by seek+ our =mula 9 a def9ition ( ! m$ium common to all writ]s1 a /atem5t ( ! function ( words 9 comb9ation4 ,to make su* a /atem5t ,i h borr[$ two epi!ts f ! t]m9ology ( physical sci5ce4 ,en]gy is describ$ by physici/s z k9etic & pot5tial4 ,k9etic en]gy is =ce actually ex]t$4 ,pot5tial en]gy is =ce t a body is 9 a position to ex]t4 ,apply+ ^! t]ms to language1 )\t attempt+ too /rict an analogy1 ,i wi% to def9e lit]ature1 or r ! m$ium ( lit]ature1 z a comb9ation ( k9etic ) pot5tial spee*4 ,9 ?is comb9ation ! two are co9cid5t4 ,!re is no su* ?+ 9 lit]ature z spee* purely k9etic or purely pot5tial4 ,purely k9etic spee* is prose1 n good prose1 n lit]ature1 b col\rless prose1 prose )\t atmosph]e1 ! sort ( prose t ,m4 ,j\rda9 discov]$ he _h be5 speak+ all 8 life4 ,x says ?+s4 ,an example ( purely pot5tial spee* may be f\nd 9 music4 ,i d n ?9k x c be made ) words1 ?\gh we c give our m9ds a ta/e ( x 9 li/5+ to a mean+less b n>cotic incantation1 or a poem 9 a language t we d n und]/&4 ,! proportion betwe5 k9etic & pot5tial spee* & ! en]gy ( ! comb9ation v>ies ) diff]5t works & ! lit]ature ( diff]5t ages4 ,!re is no lit]ature to :i* x is impossible to apply ! =mula4 ,let u try to cl>ify x by example & p>ticul>isation4 ,x may be ask$1 :at ( ballad poetry 9 :i* !re is mu* s /at$ z to approa* purely k9etic spee*8 ,does n ! admitt$ p[] ( a sea-song1 a song ^: words are utt]ly trivial1 disprove our ass]tion8 ,x does n2 = to su* songs or *anties ! music to :i* !y are sung has giv5 a quality ( pot5tial spee*1 )\t :i* !y w\ld be wor?less & spe$ily =gott54 ,9 t case ! words & ! melody respectively repres5t k9etic & pot5tial spee*4 ,x has be5 v truly said t a prima-donna c turn ! alphabet to poetry by ! emotional p[] ( h] voice4 ,x may fur!r be ask$ by any "o :o has n cle>ly appreh5d$ my mean+ 7& ?is w\ld be m ?an excusable71 ,d ,i mean to sugge/ t lit]ature is n lit]ature unless x conta9s a d\ble mean+8 &1 if s1 d ,i n f9d 9 allegory ! mo/ p]fect example ( ! simultane\s exi/5ce ( k9etic & pot5tial spee*8 ,?is w\ld inde$ be a r$uctio ad absurdum4 ,i mu/ answ]1 t allegory 7?\gh x may repres5t ! result ( an e>ly guess at ! nature ( art7 is n necess>ily poetry4 ,!re is1 inde$1 a gross & obvi\s duality ( mean+ 9 su* a "w z ,! ,farie ,que5e4 ,! tale writt5 on ! pap] enables u to recon/ruct ano!r4 ,b t o!r might h be5 writt5 ) no great] difficulty4 ,x does n aid1 & may clog ) ext]nal preoccupations1 ! tale t we sit d[n to read4 ,x is an imp]t95t %ad[1 a dog t keeps too closely at our heels4 ,hazlitt rebukes ^? :o ?9k t ! allegory ( ,! ,farie ,que5e w bite !m4 ,we are m afraid t x w lick our h&s1 & all we ask is1 t x w all[ itself to be =gott54 ,an acro/ic sonnet may be a good sonnet1 b we are n likely to p]ceive its excell5ce if we are int5t ^u ! initial lett]s ( ! l9es4 ,no2 allegory may be a rude attempt to copy 9 ?+s said ! duality ( poetic spee*4 ,! old delight 9 consci\s allegory may be comp>able to ! mod]n delight 9 consci\s symbolism4 ,b we mu/ n =get = a mom5t t ! resemblance is only "o ( analogy4 ,:5 ,sp5s] writes ( ,mammon's cave3 8,bo? ro(1 & floor1 & walls 7 all ( gold ,b ov]gr[n ) ru/ & old decay1 ,& hid 9 d>kness t none c\ld behold ,! hue !re(2 = view ( *e]ful day ,did nev] 9 t h\se itself display1 ,b a fa9t %ad[ ( unc]ta9 light2 ,su* z a lamp ^: life do? fade away2 ,or z ! moon clo?d ) cl\dy night1 ,does %[ to him t walks 9 fe> & sad affright40 ,:5 he writes ?us1 we d n1 9 our se>* = pot5tial spee*1 h to rememb] t he is writ+ ( ! love ( money4 ,away ) su* t$i\s recollections4 ,! /anza is l a picture by ,rembr&t ( an al*emi/'s laboratory1 :]e du/y alembic & sm\ld]+ fire mean f> m ?an !mselves4 ,! l9es say some?+1 b we he> mu* = :i* !y h n words4 8,! moon clo?d ) cl\dy night10 is n ri*] 9 sugge/ion ?an t same description4 ,n 9 ! allegory b 9 ! words !mselves1 _! ord] & _! melody1 mu/ we f9d1 if !y are to be lit]ature1 t comb9ation ( k9etic & pot5tial spee*4 ,let me take ano!r example ( f9e poetry1 & %[ t x does p]=m 9 itself ?is dual function ( language4 ,let u exam9e ! fir/ /anza ( ,blake's 8,! ,tig]03 8,tig]6 ,tig]6 burn+ bright ,9 ! =e/s ( ! night1 ,:at immortal h& or eye ,c\ld frame ?y fe>ful symmetry80 ,x is impossible to d5y ! p[] ( sugge/ion wield$ by ^? f\r l9es1 a p[] utt]ly disproportionate to :at is actually said4 ,! k9etic base ( t /anza is only ! proposition to a suppos$ tig] ( a difficult problem 9 metaphysics4 ,b above1 bel[1 & on ei!r side ( t "q1 completely envelop+ x1 is ! phosphoresc5ce ( ano!r spee*1 t we _c s easily ov]he>4 ,& :o %all speak 9 fit t]ms ( its pot5tiality8 ,t gl[+ image1 t surpris$ address2 n 9 ! enum]ation ( su* ?+s %all we come ^u its secret4 ,! te/ ( a =mula is1 t x %all fit4 ,x mu/ enable u to co-ord9ate scatt]$ k1 & ?r[ into a cle> p]spective ! jumble ( loose /atem5ts & scraps ( in=mation ^: value we _c b recognise1 al?\gh !y h rema9$ outside previ\s s*emes & done little m ?an di/urb ! equilibrium ( once-e/abli%$ !ories4 ,x is a com=t & a joy to a ?9k] :5 he c say t a =mula ( 8 has almo/ be5 propos$ by m9ds t h approa*$ 8 problem along roads o!r ?an 8 own4 ,:5 he c f9d /atem5ts1 true 9 !mselves b inadequate1 pegg+ out1 z x 71 ! gr\nd f :i* 8 =mula has be5 dug1 he c feel t x is no m]e *ance t has giv5 x a mom5t>y appe>ance ( usefulness4 ,he c speak ( x ) ! solid confid5ce t x has beh9d x ! collaboration ( 8 pr$ecessors4 ,we c br+ su* confid5ce to ! use ( ?is =mula ( k9etic & pot5tial spee*1 = to :atev] problem ( lit]>y !ory or ph5om5on ( ! hi/ory ( lit]ature we apply x1 we f9d t x has be5 almo/ /at$ by ^? :o h sep>ately consid]$ t problem or ph5om5on4 ,x smelts ! ore t !y h dug1 & =ges a weapon = ! attack n ( "o problem1 b ( all4 ,= example2 ?\gh k9etic spee* may be translat$ )\t loss f "o language to ano!r1 pot5tial spee* w\ld n be pot5tial b k9etic if we 7 able to express x o!rwise ?an by itself4 ,?is is :at ,%elley means :5 he d5ies ! possibility ( ! translation ( poetry1 ?\gh he does n p]ceive ! full reason1 b only t ! poetic quality ( a poem is p>tly dep5d5t on a succession ( inimitable s\nds4 ,8 /atem5t1 incomplete ?\gh x is1 is a recognition ( ! duality ( poetic spee*4 ,he does n = a mom5t cont5d t we _c r5d] ! mean+2 he sees t ! mean+ is n all4 ,! body is "o ?+ & ! s\l is ano!r4 ,if we leave ! s\l beh9d we h no?+ b dead matt]1 fit = manure or food4 ,life1 or poetry1 delicate-foot$1 my/]i\s1 graci\s ) k ( h] my/]y1 is pass$ away & we _c recapture h]4 ,sometimes1 inde$1 %e goes )\t our int]f]5ce1 & disappe>s only because ( our neglect4 ,!re are poems t _m m5 _c p]ceive to be poetry4 ,!re are o!rs1 once poetry1 n[ no long] s4 ,let u apply our =mula to ^! ph5om5a1 & fir/ to ! v>y+ popul>ity ( poetry1 s9ce our solution ( ?is "q w help u 9 solv+ ! o!r4 ,we %all f9d t ! ne>] poetry approa*es to k9etic spee*1 ! m easily is x appreh5d$ by ! multitude4 ,k9etic spee* secures its effects by ! pres5tation ( facts1 situations & /ories1 :i* are /uff n s f9e z to slip ?r\gh ! co>se me%es ( ! g5]al und]/&+4 ,?is expla9s ! imm$iate & wide popul>ity ( su* poets z ,longfell[1 ,scott1 & ,macaulay4 ,because prose1 z a rule1 dep5ds m ne>ly on its k9etic ?an on its pot5tial utt]ance1 x is1 z a rule1 ! m widely read4 ,:51 z 9 ! h&s ( "s n9ete5? c5tury writ]s1 x emphasizes ! pot5tial elem5t ( spee* x correspond+ly n>r[s its public4 ,:5ev] poetry ( high pot5tiality is read by a l>ge public x w be f\nd t its pot5tial spee* is condon$ = !m or hidd5 f !m by m ?an usually vigor\s k9etic spee*4 ,= pot5tial spee* secures its effects by sugge/ion4 ,!re is a bloom on its w+s t a call\s ret9a does n p]ceive4 ,x is l a butt]fly t has visit$ fl[]s & scatt]s _! sc5t 9 its flight4 ,! sc5t & ! flutt]+ ( its bloom-lad5 w+s are m important ?an ! direction or spe$ ( its fly+4 ,x is always easi] = ! public to say1 h[ fa/1 or :]e x is go+ ?an to notice ^! delicate ?+s4 ,! k9etic spee* ( a poem is und]/ood by all2 ! pot5tial dep5ds = its appreh5sion ^u ! ta/e & k ( ! read]4 ,words mu/ h = u ! associations t !y _h = ! poet4 ,we mu/ be able to see !m ) 8 eyes1 he> !m ) 8 e>s1 & ta/e _! sc5ts ) no/rils n dissimil> to 84 ,9 "t ^! ?+s *ange4 ,unpopul> poetry becomes q popul>1 & inde$1 no long] poetry1 z x loses1 ?r\gh usage or =getfulness1 its proximity to ! condition ( pot5tial spee*4 ,acc5ts are %ift$ f "o to ano!r syllable1 & we %\ld be deaf to ! melody if we 7 unable to replace !m4 ,new mean+s ga!r r\nd ! words1 & !y come back f lat] travels disguis$ 9 /range p]fumes4 ,! k9etic spee* may be di/urb$1 b ! pot5tial has disappe>$ 9 a j>gon ( new s\nds1 a qu>rel ( new memories1 & a *aos ( new od\rs4 ,sometimes inde$1 x is z if x _h nev] exi/$4 ,9 ?is light x is easy to und]/& ! curi\s bus9ess ( criticism1 & to =mulate an acc\nt ( :at occurs :5 poetry dies1 or falls asleep l ! pr9cess 9 ! wood1 to be awak5$ aft] two c5turies by a critic's kiss4 ,! ,elizabe?an dramati/s lo/ _! pot5tial & 7 judg$ only by _! k9etic spee* dur+ ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,!y 7 consid]$ co>se & bloody-m9d$1 because !re is rap9e & murd] 9 _! plays4 ,lamb re/or$ to !m ! pot5tiality !y _h lo/ & turn$ bleak rock to fl[]+ c\ntry4 ,sp5s] _h become a m]e mong] ( allegory1 until ,hazlitt & ,leigh ,hunt recon/itut$ him poet by discov]+ = !mselves & o!rs ! attitude t re/ores to 8 k9etic its lo/ pot5tial spee*4 ,writ]s ( ,wordswor?'s g5]ation realis$1 at lea/ subconsci\sly1 t a poem is n indep5d5t ( k4 ,!y tri$ to help u by pr9t+ at ! head ( a poem in=mation ab\t ! circum/ances ( its conception4 ,:5 a poet tells u t a sonnet 0 compos$ 8on ,we/m9/] ,bridge0 or 8sugge/$ by ,mr4 ,we/ell's views ( ! caves1 c4 9 ,york%ire10 he is try+ to ease = u ! task ( ae/hetic reproduction to :i* 8 poem is a /imulus4 ,he is try+ to ensure t we %all approa* x z he did1 & he> z well z ! k9etic ! pot5tial spee* t he values4 ,!re is a crudity ab\t su* obvi\s assi/ance1 & x w\ld be q insuffici5t )\t ! wid] k on :i* we draw unconsci\sly z we read4 ,b ! crudity ( ^? pitiable scraps ( pr(f]$ in=mation is n s rem>kable z ! dulness ( p]ception t c all[ a man to dem& ( a poem t x %all itself compel him accurately to enjoy x4 ,x is possible t mu* ( ! old poetry t n[ seems to u no m ?an direct spee* 0 once wrapp$ 9 a veil ( sugge/ion4 ,x is ! critic's bus9ess to r$iscov] ^? =gott5 veils & to re/ore to ! k9etic ! magic ( pot5tial spee*4 ,! =mula ( k9etic & pot5tial spee* illum9es n only ! critic's bus9ess b also t ( ! hi/orian4 ,x enables him to l9k toge!r 9 a s+le s*eme ! prose ( ,goldsmi? ) t ( ,pat] & ! poetry ( ! eighte5? c5tury ) poetry1 l t ( ! ,symboli/s ( ! n9ete5?1 s diff]5t z to seem completely unrelat$4 ,x enables him to expla9 a ph5om5on t he has usually allud$ to z a m]e curi\s accid5t1 ! fact t !re h be5 ages :5 poetry has be5 popul> & o!rs 9 :i* x has be5 ! possession ( a few4 ,x w1 ,i ?9k1 be f\nd t ?is p]iodicity co9cides ) a g5]al v>iation betwe5 k9etic & pot5tial spee*4 ,9 ! eighte5? c5tury1 :5 poetry 0 (t5 rhym$ prose1 :5 ! common /&>d ( poetry 0 good s5se1 :5 %e gave advice & said ?+s1 & did n seem to realise t !re 7 ?+s %e c\ld n say1 :51 9 %ort1 ! k9etic almo/ ov]:elm$ ! pot5tial1 !n poetry 0 a popul> =m ( lit]ature4 ,9 o!r ages1 :5 poetry has approa*$ ! condition ( pot5tial spee* & s has ne$$ = its appreciation su* k z t lately discuss$1 x has n swell$ ! publi%]'s purse s swiftly z =ms ( lit]ature t happ5$ to be m ne>ly k9etic & s m easily enjoy$4 ,! eighte5? c5tury poets & ! ,symboli/s alike come "u our def9ition & c be class$ by ! =mula t dep5ds ^u x4 ,i h sugge/$ t ! eighte5? c5tury poets c>$ mo/ly = k9etic spee*1 &1 inde$1 c>ri$ _! appreciation ( x s high z sometimes to =get t poetry c\ld d any?+ b speak wisely & well4 ,few s*ools h suff]$ a great] v>iety ( imp]fect & bungl+ def9itions ?an t ( ,symbolism4 ,! ,symboli/ aims h be5 describ$ z 8an escape f ! ?\ght ( dea?10 & 8intimacy ) spiritual ?+s40 ,n[h]e has !re be5 a def9ition t has %[n _! relation to ! aims ( poetry 9 g5]al4 ,b1 :5 ,mall>m says3 8,nomm] un objet1 c'e/ supprim] les trois qu>ts de la j\issance du pome qui e/ faite du bonheur de dev9] peu peu2 le suggr]1 voil le rve10 he is say+1 9 o!r words1 t poetry dep5ds on pot5tial spee*4 ,! ,symboli/s s\ght to write poetry t %\ld be purely pot5tial1 & 9 ! revision ( c]ta9 ( 8 poems ,mall>m tri$ to elim9ate bit by bit ! :ole /ructure ( k9etic spee* t _h be5 9 !m4 ,! eighte5? c5tury aims c>ri$ to _! extreme w\ld h meant bad prose2 ! ,symboli/ aims c>ri$ to _! extreme w\ld h meant 7z !y sometimes did7 un9telligibility4 ,poetry is made by a comb9ation ( k9etic ) pot5tial spee*4 ,elim9ate ei!r & ! result is no long] poetry4 ,i d n propose ! words k9etic & pot5tial z t]ms ( abuse or praise1 ?\gh 9 diff]5t ages !re h be5 arti/s :o w\ld h us$ !m s4 ,! eighte5? c5tury poets w\ld h us$ k9etic z a t]m ( praise2 ! ,symboli/s w\ld h us$ x z a t]m ( abuse4 ,! fact t diff]5t s*ools w\ld h set diff]5t values on ! words is itself a pro( t !y may be s]viceable to hi/orians & critics4 ,lit]ature does inde$ v>y betwe5 ^! extremes1 its k9etic quality pres]v+ x f nons5se1 its pot5tial quality sep>at+ x f bad prose4 ,"s sort ( relevancy w\ld be discov]able 9 any hi/ory t set itself to trace ^! v>iations4 ,"s sort ( relevancy is obvi\s 9 all criticism t attempts 7z all good criticism does7 ! enhancem5t ( ! pot5tial & ! cl>ification ( ! k9etic elem5t 9 su* lit]ature z happ5s to be its subject4 ,9 any case1 an adoption ( ! def9ition ( lit]ature t ?is essay upholds w\ld make ridicul\s ! classification ( books by _! subjects & ( writ]s by _! op9ions1 on :i* s _m intellects h wa/$ "t & vitality wor?y ( a m pr(itable employm5t4 #aiaa4 ,pr9t$ by ,,ballantyne1 ,,hanson ,,co4 ,ed9burgh ,london ,,footnotes #a ,aft] pass+ ?is note = press1 ,i le>n t ?is essay has be5 repr9t$ at ,tokyo 9 a new edition ( ,mr4 ,nogu*i's ,! ,pilgrimage4 #b ,= ! reputation ( ,breughel d',enf] is bas$ on 8 imitations ( 8 fa!r1 ,breughel le ,vieux1 to :om is attribut$ ! ,temptation ( ,/4 ,an?ony at ,g5oa4 #c ,a piece ( money co9$ by ,*>les ,,viii4 #d ,figures t /rike ! h\r on ! clock-t[] at ,dijon4 #e ,! quotations 9 ?is essay are tak5 f ,dr4 ,osc> ,levy's admirable ,engli% edition ( ,nietzs*e1 translat$ by ,drs4 ,w4 ,a4 ,haussmann & ,m4 ,a4 ,mgge1 ,messrs4 ,paul ,v4 ,cohn1 ,?omas ,common1 ,j4 ,m4 ,k5n$y1 ,a4 ,m4 ,ludovici & ,h4 ,b4 ,samuel1 & ,miss ,hel5 ,zimm]n3 eighte5 volumes publi%$ by ,mr4 ,t4 ,n4 ,f\lis4 #f ,cl>5don ,press4 #aiaj4 #g ,osc> ,wilde4 #h ,^! ref]5ces are to ! page-numb]s 9 ,messrs4 ,macmillan's libr>y edition4 #i ,8 inability to tell a /ory 0 p]haps ! reason (1 or1 at lea/ supplies a comm5t>y ^u1 8 read9ess to admire ! n>ratives ( ,m4 ,filon1 ,octave ,feuillet1 ,mrs4 ,humphry ,w>d1 & to admire !m1 q +5u\sly1 = ! /ory's sake1 l ! ord9>y read] ( novels4 #aj ,! ,symboli/ ,movem5t 9 ,lit]ature1 #ahii4 #aa ,an ,engli% translation 0 publi%$ 9 #aiab by ,messrs4 ,/eph5 ,swift4 #ab ,:5 ,i wrote ?is article ,i 0 /ill hypnotis$1 l ! symboli/s !mselves1 ) ! idea t symbolism 0 a me?od4 ,my lat] article on k9etic & pot5tial spee* conta9s :at ,i believe to be a m accurate acc\nt ( ! significance ( :at is call$ ! 8symboli/ movem5t40 ,x did n turn a practice into a !ory1 b m]ely emphasiz$ "o ( ! two insep>able functions ( words :5 comb9$ 9 poetic spee*1 & emphasiz$ x at ! exp5se ( ! o!r4 ,japanese poets h always insi/$ on ! pot5tial elem5t 9 poetic spee*4 ,its int5sity has always be5 = !m ! te/ ( a poem4 ,nogu*i1 except 9 t he is a ,japanese poet :o happ5s to write 9 ,engli%1 is n an innovator b ! heir to a long ,japanese tradition4 ,transcrib]'s ,notes ,punctuation1 hyph5ation1 & spell+ 7 made consi/5t :5 a pr$om9ant pref]5ce 0 f\nd 9 ! orig9al book2 o!rwise !y 7 n *ang$4 ,inconsi/5t use ( acc5t m>ks has n be5 rem$i$4 ,simple typographical errors 7 correct$2 unbalanc$ quotation m>ks 7 rem$i$ :5 ! *ange 0 obvi\s1 & o!rwise left unbalanc$4 ,page #afg3 ,a sup]script is repres5t$ z me4