,the ,making of a ,man ,illustration ,the ,making of a ,man ,,being ,a ,,description ,,of ,,artificial ,,limbs ,,and ,,how ,,they ,,may ,,be ,,adopted ,,by ,,those ,,who ,,have ,,suffered ,,loss ,,of ,,their ,,natural ,,limbs ,illustration ,george ,r4 ,fuller ,company ,rochester1 ,n4 ,y4 #bc ,west ,swan ,street ,,branches #ej ,north #acth ,street ,buffalo1 ,n4,y4 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 ,,copyrighted #aijb ,,by ,,george ,r4 ,,fuller ,,co4 ,,note4--,the copyright covers the arrangement and phraseology of the text as well as the drawings and engravings4 ,the right of translation is reserved4 ,illustration3 ,,artificial ,,limbs ,introduction ,the making of a man is a process of time1 of training and of progress4 ,the babe1 indeed1 may be born perfect in physical proportions and in possession of normal faculties2 but no product of ,nature may stand still4 ,growth or decay is the lot of every one1 and the man--the full and perfect man--is the result of physical and mental development4 ,there has never been a time when physical development has received so much attention as at present1 or when its importance has been so greatly appreciated4 ,physical culture and exercise in the open air have resulted in making men and women stronger and healthier1 and consequently more graceful in carriage and figure and better fitted to enjoy the pleasures and perform the duties of life4 ,the conviction is now general that to produce the highest type of man the cultivation and development of the physical structure should proceed with the cultivation of the mind2 but on the other hand1 the wise do not admit that the practice of devoting too much attention to athletics should be encouraged1 however prevalent this practice may be said to be at many leading colleges4 ,the proper ratio should be observed4 ,it is not desirable1 to be sure1 that the race should become one of ignorant giants1 but nevertheless the value of exercise and of physical work cannot be disputed4 ,the right to pursue this value should be shared by all mankind4 ,fortunately it has been made possible now1 as it formerly was not1 for those who have lost limbs to indulge in rightful exercise and perform necessary physical work notwithstanding their misfortunes4 ,the activities of life1 with their resulting benefit1 are no longer denied them4 ,surgery1 the scientific making of mechanical devices for the correction of deformities1 and the manufacture of artificial substitutes for lost limbs1 have led in the advance of methods intended to better the condition or ameliorate the suffering of humanity4 ,time was when the loss of a leg meant the stumping through the balance of life on a crotched stick4 ,there was ,peter ,stuyvesant1 for instance1 whose portrait is shown on the cover of this catalogue4 ,he lost a leg in the wars in the ,west ,indies in #afdj4 ,thereafter1 during the time he was the last ,dutch ,director ,general of ,new ,netherlands--from #afdg until his surrender to the ,english in #affd--;and to his death in ,new ,york in #afhb at the ripe old age of eighty1 he pegged his way along4 ,he was a man well able to afford the best in life1 but nothing better than the ordinary peg leg was then obtainable1 and so for forty years or more ,peter ,stuyvesant suffered the inconvenience due to the crude device4 ,now1 fortunately for the afflicted1 better things are possible4 ,science and art have combined so successfully in the manufacture of our artificial limbs that not only is the wearer free from discomfort but he is enabled to continue his career of activity1 and pursue1 as may be necessary1 his labors for a livelihood4 ,besides1 the perfection of design and manufacture of these aids makes their presence difficult of detection4 ,not only is ordinary labor well performed1 but many remarkable feats are accomplished by wearers of limbs of our manufacture4 ,a few instances are cited below4 ,a noted pitcher of a baseball team and a remarkable bicycle rider1 although deprived in early life of both legs by accident1 is able to hold a position of prominence in his profession4 ,an operator constantly on his feet in a signal tower suffers no inconvenience4 ,after making five experiments he has found finally that the artificial leg with which we have equipped him is the most comfortable he has ever worn4 ,a crack bicycle rider1 both of whose legs have been amputated1 one above the knee and one below1 pronounces our substitute faultless4 ,he is able not only to mount and dismount with ease but to perform all manner of tricks and fancy riding1 doing this as well as his competitors blessed with sound1 muscular1 natural limbs4 ,besides1 he has a mile track record of #b4cg4 ,money will not buy happiness1 but it will aid in its attainment4 ,money will not compensate for the loss of a limb1 but it will buy a fair substitute if one knows where to procure it4 ,one having a valuable and delicate watch needing repairs would naturally be very cautious into whose hands it was entrusted4 ,in the event of sickness we are apt to be very careful into whose care we place the patient4 ,careful inquiry is made as to the reliability of the physician and his experience1 whether or not he has been successful1 if he understands his business and is honest in his purpose2 if his advice will be given in the best interests of the patient1 or whether his own profit is of first importance to him4 ,it is entirely proper to ask similar questions in regard to the makers of artificial limbs2 but too often people are careless in the matter1 and place the case in the hands of almost anybody in the business1 without regard to responsibility or reliability4 ,thus the remedy secured is often worse than the disease4 ,the strictest investigation should be made4 ,a competent maker should be selected4 ,the case being entrusted to him1 the minor details should be left to his judgment1 with faith that his experience and thorough understanding of his business will produce the best result4 ,no single style of limb is suitable for all cases4 ,appropriate and distinct construction is necessary1 that the limb shall meet the requirements of the person who is to be compelled to wear it4 ,recognizing the truth of this1 we have been led to the study of the peculiarities and individual needs of each case presented to us4 ,our limbs are constructed with such a variety of joints and attachments that each appliance may be accurately adapted to any variation in the condition or occupation of the patient4 ,if any doubt exists as to the result in any case1 we give ample opportunity for experiment at our expense4 ,it is for this reason that so many purchasers have spoken in the highest terms of praise of our efforts and the results4 ,illustration ,we do not seek to discredit other manufacturers1 but simply1 in full confidence1 we state that we are the makers of the best goods obtainable4 ,in the pages following we have endeavored to convey some idea of the ingenuity and artistic skill which we bestow upon our work4 ,for over forty years--in fact1 since #ahef--we have conducted our business in ,rochester without interruption and with increasing prosperity4 ,until #ahgf the business was conducted by ,dr4 ,douglas ,bly1 who founded it4 ,then for twenty years ,mr4 ,fuller personally continued the business1 until in #ahif the present company was incorporated under the laws of the ,state of ,new ,york with a paid-up capital of #be1jjj4 ,the patience and skill exercised throughout these years have evolved the limb we term 8,the ,walk-,easy ,leg10 and placed us at the head of manufacturers of artificial limbs4 ,our efforts have been always to improve and perfect--to excel at every point4 ,we are assured that these efforts have met with approval4 ,we enjoy the confidence of those who have found need of our services4 ,as a further evidence that we have successfully sought to excel1 it may be stated that during the past twenty years1 notwithstanding active competition1 we have supplied the ,united ,states ,government with one-quarter in number of all the limbs furnished to pensioners4 ,we also have supplied officially the ,states of ,virginia1 ,georgia1 ,south ,carolina and ,louisiana4 ,furthermore1 our work has been placed in the first class by various scientific boards convened for the purpose1 and it has received the endorsement of the world's most famous surgeons4 ,aside from the personal testimony of the multitudes throughout the country who have availed themselves of our experience and skill1 and have offered to bear witness to the good we have done them1 we refer as to our financial standing and reliability to ,dun or ,bradstreet mercantile agencies1 or to any bank or public man in our city or vicinity4 ,intending purchasers are invited to correspond with us1 that they may receive1 if they are necessary or desirable1 fuller details than are covered in this work4 ,we are always glad to receive inquiries and offer suggestions for the comfort of our customers4 ,,george ,r4 ,,fuller ,,company1 ,,rochester1 ,n4 ,y4 ,illustration ,patents have been granted us as follows3 ,april #ai1 #ahei ,no4 #bc1fef ,april #cj1 #ahei ,no4 #be1bch ,february #ai1 #ahfa ,no4 #ca1dch ,july #bj1 #ahfb ,no4 #ch1edi ,may #ai1 #ahfc ,no4 #ch1eej ,july #bh1 #aheg ,re-issued ,july #g1 #ahfc ,no4 #a1eaj ,may #ag1 #ahei ,july #c1 #ahfj ,re-issued ,july #ab1 #ahfd ,no4 #a1gbd ,dec4 #bc1 #ahfb ,october #aa1 #ahfd ,no4 #dd1fch ,september #d1 #ahff ,no4 #eg1fff ,march #i1 #ahfi ,no4 #hg1fbd ,april #ai1 #ahhg ,no4 #cfa1dje ,october #d1 #ahhg ,no4 #cgj1ggd ,amputations ,it is probable that such a publication as this will be read only by those who have lost limbs or by their immediate friends4 ,to advance an opinion here as to the length of stump or the kind of operation best adapted to the subsequent application of an artificial limb would be of little benefit1 and might1 indeed1 suggest dissatisfaction to the sufferer and cause injury to the operator4 ,the preservation of life is the object of amputations4 ,surgeons generally appreciate the importance of the operation and their own responsibility4 ,they undertake it with reluctance4 ,often during such an operation exigencies arise or unforeseen conditions so present themselves as to preclude any observance of suggestions relating to the selection of a point for amputation and preparation of the stump for the exercise of the restorative art of prosthesis4 ,then the surgeon has no choice if he would save life4 ,it is better not to criticise the operation and malign the operator1 but to believe the best results possible under the circumstances have been attained and be thankful that the outcome is no worse4 ,treatment of the ,stump ,in preparation for the application of an artificial leg1 and as soon as it is healed sufficiently to permit it without pain or irritation1 the stump should be kept tightly bandaged from the end up to the knee1 if the amputation be below1 or up to the body if the amputation be above the knee4 ,the bandaging will diminish and solidify the stump1 leaving it in a much more desirable condition for fitting and rendering the successful use of a leg more a matter of certainty4 ,if neglected1 the chances are that a soft1 flabby stump will be the result1 which will rapidly reduce after the patient begins the use of a leg1 but a refitting or an uncomfortable amount of filling up in the socket to compensate for the shrinkage of the stump will be necessary in order to walk with the least degree of ease or satisfaction4 ,the remaining joints1 particularly the knee joint1 should be kept in motion as much as can be conveniently1 every day2 this will prevent their becoming anchylosed 7stiff and inflexible74 ,should this warning come too late1 and the joint is already anchylosed1 it should be gently and gradually exercised1 and oily1 relaxing applications applied until straightened and flexible4 ,a free daily use of the cold water bath and brisk rubbing will prove beneficial4 ,an application of a solution of tannin and alcohol will toughen the skin1 and in many cases it would be an excellent thing to continue the use of this solution after an artificial leg has been applied4 ,how ,soon ,after an ,amputation ,there is a diversity of opinion as to how early a substitute may be applied4 ,many surgeons strongly urge that an artificial leg cannot be safely fitted for several months after cicatrization occurs1 while1 on the other hand1 some manufacturers of artificial limbs claim that a leg can be satisfactorily fitted just as soon as the stump has healed1 no matter if it be but five or six weeks after the amputation4 ,much1 of course1 depends upon the condition of the patient1 in circumstance and constitution4 ,it many times occurs that while the edges of the flaps have united1 and cicatrization appears1 ossification at the sawn end of the bones has not taken place1 consequently the necessary pressure and tension on the surrounding integuments and other adjacent parts in wearing a leg will unavoidably cause inconvenience1 irritation and pain4 ,it is therefore our opinion1 based upon experience and observation1 that in most cases an artificial leg should not be fitted within three months after amputation1 and that if the edges of the wound have thoroughly united at the end of that time it is unnecessary to wait longer1 except to harden and reduce the stump by bandaging1 if this has not previously been done4 ,there are many good reasons why a leg should be applied as soon as practicable after this time 7provided that the stump has healed71 the chief one being that there is nothing that will discipline and strengthen a stump and remaining joints as quickly and as effectually as the use of a properly fitted artificial leg4 ,illustration ,material of ,construction ,the materials used in the construction of artificial limbs are1 principally1 tough ,english willow1 leather1 metal and rubber4 ,the wood parts1 when worked to the desired shape1 are covered with parchment or rawhide and finished with a flesh-tinted waterproof enamel4 ,artificial ,legs for ,children ,when children have been deprived1 by accident or disease1 of one or both lower limbs1 artificial legs should be applied as soon as the condition of the stump will safely permit4 ,it is too generally presumed that an outgrown limb is of no further use1 and that the purchase of an artificial leg before full growth is assured means a foolish expenditure4 ,this is wrong1 at least so far as our work is concerned2 there are artificial legs made that it would be very expensive to lengthen or change1 but any leg that is made by us1 or under our name or supervision1 we will agree to lengthen at any future time1 as necessity may arise1 at a cost not to exceed five dollars1 and in many cases not to exceed three or four dollars4 ,when the amputation is above the knee1 it is often necessary that the leg be lengthened both above and below the knee-joint4 ,this involves more labor and consequently greater expense1 but in no case will the charge exceed five dollars4 ,for a very young child we would make the artificial foot one or two sizes larger than the natural one2 in a year or so the natural foot will reach the size of the artificial1 and some months1 perhaps years1 will elapse before the natural foot will be perceptibly larger than the artificial4 ,this method keeps the feet nearer the same size a longer time than would be the case if the artificial foot were made the same size as the natural foot in the first place4 ,when it is necessary to increase the size of the foot it can be easily and inexpensively done4 ,when children are deprived of these useful appendages1 solely from fear or apprehension that they may be outgrown1 a lasting injustice is done them4 ,there is great danger of deformity and disease from the prolonged use of crutches1 particularly at a tender and susceptible age2 and the most natural1 easy1 graceful walkers on artificial legs are those who commence the use of them in youth2 the habit becomes thoroughly formed1 and the continued use of them from childhood develops and strengthens the muscles and joints in a more effectual manner than can be accomplished by any other process or treatment4 ,weight of ,artificial ,limbs ,it is not possible to reduce the weight of artificial legs below a certain point without sacrificing strength and good wearing qualities4 ,the leg we construct weighs from two to five and one-half pounds1 but in some special cases where extreme strength is required this may be exceeded4 ,much depends1 however1 upon the weight and occupation of the wearer4 ,many legs of other makes which weigh no more than ours require more of an effort to carry and swing them1 because the action of the rubber spring in the back part of our leg assists materially in carrying the leg forward while in the act of walking1 thus relieving the stump from the effort that would otherwise be required to swing it4 ,we aim to have sufficient weight around the joints to support them securely2 at other points1 where strength is not required1 they are left a mere shell4 ,the weight of an artificial arm is much less1 varying from one-half to one and one-half pounds4 ,durability of ,artificial ,limbs ,the occupation of the wearer has much to do with the durability of an artificial leg1 but more depends upon the care and attention it receives4 ,we know of limbs that have been in constant use for eighteen or twenty years and are undoubtedly good for several more years of good service1 and others1 equally well made in every way1 that because of neglect and abuse have lasted only three or four years4 ,these are the extremes1 however4 ,the average durability of an artificial leg we estimate to be from seven to eight years4 ,artificial arms not being subject to the strain and wear of a leg will last much longer1 the average time1 we should say1 being double that of a leg4 ,it should be borne in mind1 however1 that they are but a mechanical imitation of ,nature and require attention the same as any other piece of mechanism1 and that it pays to keep them at all times clean and in good working order1 and that the better the care the better and more lasting will be the service4 ,,note4--,while preparing this article ,mr4 ,john ,s4 ,havens1 of ,plainwell1 ,michigan1 called upon us wearing an artificial leg made at this factory in the spring of #ahfd1 and the leg is still in excellent condition4 ,how to ,proceed in ,ordering a ,leg ,a very common error is prevalent in the minds of many that artificial limbs are kept on hand in full assortments and varieties1 and that it is only necessary for a person to call and purchase one and wear it away1 the same as you would a pair of boots or shoes4 ,artificial legs are only made to order1 and it is preferable that the patient be present at the factory for a day or two to have the leg fitted and give it a thorough and satisfactory trial4 ,write to us1 stating full particulars of the case--when amputated1 whether below or above the knee1 length and condition of the stump1 etc4 ,also state the price you wish to pay for a leg1 and whether or not it will be practicable for you to come here and have it fitted4 ,if you can come here1 name a day that will be most convenient for you to do so1 and we will be ready for you4 ,if possible1 also specify time of day and by which route you will arrive in ,rochester2 if you are unable to determine in season to advise us by mail1 please do so by telegraph1 and we will have some one meet you at the station4 ,a shoe will be wanted here for the artificial foot4 ,your presence will be required from one to two days1 depending upon the difficulty in fitting and the number of orders we have on hand2 during this time you will have an opportunity of putting the leg on1 and giving it a thorough trial in the rough4 ,after you are satisfied with the test1 you may return home and the leg will be completed and forwarded to you in about ten days1 or1 if you prefer to remain and wear it home1 it will be finished in about a week4 ,excellent hotel accommodations can be obtained for one dollar per day or five dollars per week4 ,making ,artificial ,legs from ,measurements ,for the benefit of persons who do not care to incur the expense and inconvenience of a journey to the factory1 we have perfected a chart for measurements1 and directions for taking profiles1 plaster of paris moulds1 etc41 that overcome all the difficulty and expense of a personal visit4 ,to make success doubly sure1 when so desired we put the leg up in the rough and forward it for trial2 this gives the same opportunity of trying it that would be had here4 ,the leg can then be returned to us with directions as to any changes that may be needed4 ,to be sure1 there is some expense for transporting the leg1 but it is small compared with the cost of a journey here4 ,a good share of our orders are being filled in this manner1 and with unvarying success4 ,indeed1 there need be no fear or hesitancy in sending orders to us for artificial legs to be made from measurements1 as we guarantee a fit4 ,should it prove otherwise1 we will make any required alterations without charge4 ,warranty ,the following is a copy of the warranty given with each leg4 ,the time of the warranty will depend entirely upon the price paid4 ,see prices of the various styles4 ,,rochester1 ,n4,y41 #ai4 ,in consideration of the sum of dollars1 received from of for an artificial leg1 we hereby warrant the same1 as follows3 ,in case any part of said leg should1 on account of poor material or bad workmanship1 break or give way within years from the date hereof1 we agree to repair the same without charge1 provided that1 as soon as any defect is discovered1 the leg1 or any part thereof that needs to be repaired or replaced1 be forwarded to us without delay1 and at the expense of the owner4 ,it is not the intention of this warranty to make good without charge the unavoidable wear of the leg1 or breakage caused by accident1 neglect or misuse4 ,prices ,our prices are graded in such a manner as to make it possible for any one to secure one of these reliable limbs1 and are governed entirely by the quality of the work and the time for which the limb is warranted1 and bear an exact proportion to the cost of production and the probable cost of repairs during the term of the warranty4 ,we have plans1 which we will be very glad to explain to any who desire to know about them1 whereby these limbs may be obtained without the expenditure of any money whatever4 ,simply the giving of a little time and persistent work4 ,scores have earned limbs in this way4 ,remittances ,should be made by express1 post office or express money order1 registered letter1 or ,new ,york draft1 whichever is most convenient for the sender4 ,terms ,it is our custom1 as it is with all makers of special appliances of this kind1 to require in each case a cash deposit as a guarantee of good faith4 ,when the purchaser is present at the factory for the purpose of having a limb fitted1 the limb may be tried in the rough before making any payment2 if the fit and trial are satisfactory1 one-half the price will be required4 ,when limbs are made from measurements1 without the presence of the patient at the factory1 one-half the price of the limb ordered should accompany the order4 ,in both cases when the limb is finished it will be delivered by express ,c4,o4,d4 with the privilege of examination and trial before making the final payment4 ,a careful consideration of the following facts should convince any fair-minded person that this plan is not only reasonable and just but very necessary4 ,illustration ,each limb is made expressly to order for some one individual1 and the limb when completed is of little or no value to any one except the person for whom it is made4 ,it requires some degree of patience and perseverance to overcome the awkwardness and possible disappointment associated with the first trial of an artificial limb1 and if there be no obligation and no sacrifice on the part of the would-be purchaser provided the limb is not accepted1 there is a possibility of its being declined1 and the maker1 through no fault of his work1 becomes the loser4 ,on the other hand1 the advance payment made on the limb insures a very persistent effort on the part of the purchaser to wear it1 resulting in success and satisfaction4 ,the purchaser may rest assured that the work will not be slighted in any degree whatsoever1 and that it will be our duty and pleasure to make any changes necessary to insure comfortable use of the limb any time within a reasonable period after it is finished4 ,installment ,payments ,we can consistently make a limb and accept installment payments therefor only on the following conditions3 ,on payment of one-half the price of the limb with the order1 the balance may be paid in amounts and at times--if within reason--to suit the purchaser2 say five dollars each month until paid for1 provided that these payments are secured by notes made or endorsed by some reliable business man1 or other equally good security4 ,we are perfectly willing to give time for a part payment as stated1 but must insist that we be amply secured against loss from any cause whatever1 and we cannot entertain any proposition wherein this is not provided for4 ,in ,writing ,describe your case as clearly and briefly as possible1 stating whether amputation is above or below the knee or elbow1 when amputated1 length and condition of the stump1 your age1 weight and occupation1 whether you have ever worn an artificial limb1 if so1 how long and what make or makes1 and be particular to write your name and address plainly1 giving the post office1 county and state4 ,any inquiries that are made on the subject of artificial limbs will be promptly answered to the best of our knowledge1 and any information that we can give will be cheerfully imparted4 ,artificial ,limbs for ,u4 ,s4 ,pensioners ,every officer or enlisted or hired man who has lost a limb1 or the use of a limb1 in the military or naval service of the ,united ,states1 is entitled to receive once every three years an artificial limb or apparatus4 ,necessary transportation to the manufactory and return1 by the most usual and direct route1 will be furnished to those desiring it for the purpose of having artificial limbs fitted1 but will not be furnished except for this purpose4 ,sleeping-car accommodations will be given upon request4 ,in ,march1 #ahia1 the law was amended so as to allow an artificial limb every three years instead of every five as before4 ,the reduction in time took effect in various ways but was to be counted from ,march #a1 #ahia4 ,the act operates in three ways3 ,first4 ,those who were entitled on or after ,march #c1 #ahhh1 are entitled every three years from such last date4 ,second4 ,those who were entitled between ,march #c1 #ahhf1 and ,march #c1 #ahhh1 were again entitled ,march #c1 #ahia1 and every three years from that date4 ,third4 ,those who were entitled before ,march #c1 #ahhf1 were again entitled five years from such date1 and again every three years4 ,on request of any soldier we will give him the exact date on which he is entitled to an order for a leg or for commutation4 ,each officer and soldier has his choice either to receive a limb or its equivalent in money4 ,all who want limbs will gain by taking one from the ,government1 because the ,government will give transportation to and from the manufactory1 the cost of which in many cases is equal to the value of the limb4 ,besides1 the ,government requires each manufacturer to warrant his work and material used4 ,the soldier who draws his money and buys a limb for himself loses all these advantages4 ,many manufacturers of limbs will advise soldiers to draw the money and then buy of them1 so they will not be obliged to warrant their limbs to the ,government1 or give a bond for the same4 ,we furnish legs and arms for all kinds of amputations1 on ,government orders4 ,the necessary blanks on which the applications should be made for limbs and transportation will be furnished to any soldier on application4 ,illustration ,illustration3 ,the ,,walkeasy ,,artificial ,,leg ,the ,latest ,progress in ,artificial ,limb ,construction ,the ,,walkeasy leg is one of the more recent of the long list of our artificial limb products4 ,the name signifies more than is ordinarily supposed by the public at large1 and is only comprehended as it should be by those who are so unfortunate as to require an artificial leg possessing the requisites indicated by the name ,,walkeasy4 ,to make the new leg such as to truly maintain this name will be our aim and effort in all cases4 ,as the weight of the body is imposed upon the artificial leg1 under a high pressure1 changing from naught to the entire weight of the body1 and at times to double that weight or more1 the least particle of chafing or friction would soon cause soreness and might continue to that extent that the limb would be impossible of good1 and1 moreover1 a source of much injury to the wearer4 ,the amputation of a leg1 therefore1 requires on the part of the artificial leg a double degree of responsibility2 the limb must not only fit the remaining mutilated part of the leg comfortably1 but must reproduce the general motion to a greater or lesser degree of perfection4 ,these are delicate features of artificial limb production1 and in no way are they more perfectly reproduced than in the ,,walkeasy leg4 ,the improvements represented by the ,,walkeasy leg are not simply theoretical4 ,we have been quietly experimenting with them for years1 not in the shop only1 but they have been put into practical use by wearers1 of various professions and occupations--the correct way of testing an appliance of this kind2 otherwise we would not dare hazard our reputation on their success4 ,the most approved points of excellence in both the ordinary rubber and wooden feet are combined in the ,,walkeasy foot4 ,the rubber and wooden feet1 as commonly constructed1 while possessing desirable features1 are objectionable and unsuitable in many cases--the rubber foot on account of its rigid1 motionless ankle1 and the wooden foot on account of the hard1 unyielding1 springless material of which it is constructed4 ,in the ,,walkeasy foot both of these features are entirely done away with and the desirable ones preserved4 ,the following are the eminently desirable features of the ,,walkeasy leg1 a combination of which is not to be found in any other artificial leg manufactured3 ,first4 ,the removable sponge-rubber sole of the foot imparts a soft1 noiseless tread1 does not cut the stockings1 gives a natural appearance in the shoe1 relieves the wearer of much strain and jar in walking1 greatly assists the ankle springs in their action1 producing an increased lifelike motion1 and greatly reduces the chances of breakage of any part of the leg4 ,second4 ,the yielding rubber at bottom of foot provides for a little lateral or side motion1 enough for all practical purposes4 ,third4 ,the ankle joint is strongly constructed4 ,a substance composed of fibre1 in which plumbago 7black lead7 is incorporated1 is used as a bearing on the ankle bolt or cylinder1 making a lubricating and most satisfactory joint4 ,fourth4 ,the sponge-rubber or felt sole1 which can be easily and quickly removed and cheaply renewed or repaired without the necessity of procuring a new foot in case of wear or breakage4 ,fifth4 ,no mechanical toe joint1 the flexibility of the rubber or felt giving the desired motion4 ,sixth4 ,the cords or tendons come in contact with no surfaces to cause friction or wear and are adjustable so as to give any desired mobility to the ankle joint4 ,seventh4 ,knee joints1 for amputation below the knee1 with four bearings1 taper phosphor bronze bushings1 and taper bolts1 giving the greatest degree of wearing surface and requiring the least possible lubrication4 ,eighth4 ,the purchaser has the choice of a wood socket1 leather lacing socket1 or the ,,neverchafe spring socket1 which ever is best adapted and most suitable for the peculiarities of his case1 and for amputation below the knee an extra attachment is included for use in place of the knee joint and thigh lacer1 at such times as it may suit the wearer to try it4 ,the best product in this line1 if within the means of the purchaser1 should be the one chosen2 but while the ,,walkeasy leg possesses so many eminent features it is not more costly than the average product of other manufacturers4 ,moreover1 our guarantee is that if it fails in realizing to the wearer what is promised to him1 we are more than willing to secure the point of perfection without extra charge1 and make of it for the wearer his ideal and not ours4 ,illustration ,illustration3 #bjj #bja #bjb #bjc ,,number #bjj ,,walkeasy leg for amputation above the knee1 with adjustable leather lacing socket2 any style of suspenders desired4 ,price #ajj4 ,warranted five years4 ,,number #bja ,,walkeasy leg for amputation above the knee1 with wood socket2 any style of suspenders2 also ,,neverchafe socket1 if desired1 without extra charge4 ,price #ajj4 ,warranted five years4 ,,number #bjb ,,walkeasy knee-bearing leg1 leather socket2 used for very short stump below the knee1 or for an inflexible knee-joint2 wood socket made if preferred4 ,price #ajj4 ,warranted five years4 ,,number #bjc ,,walkeasy end-bearing leg for knee-joint amputation1 leather socket2 socket will be made of wood if preferred4 ,price #ajj4 ,warranted five years4 ,illustration3 #bjd #bje #bjf #bjg ,,number #bjd ,,walkeasy leg with adjustable leather lacing socket1 for amputation below the knee2 clasp thigh lacer2 any other style used4 ,price #ajj4 ,warranted five years4 ,,number #bje ,,walkeasy leg with wooden socket1 for amputation below the knee2 ,,neverchafe socket used1 if desired1 without extra charge4 ,price #ajj4 ,warranted five years4 ,,number #bjf ,,walkeasy leg with leather lacing socket1 without knee-joint or thigh support1 for amputation below the knee2 not suitable for short stumps4 ,price #ge4 ,warranted five years4 ,,number #bjg ,,walkeasy leg with wooden socket1 without knee-joint or thigh support1 for amputation below the knee2 not suitable for short stumps2 ,,neverchafe socket used1 if desired1 without additional expense4 ,price #ge4 ,warranted five years4 ,sectional ,view of the ,improved ,walkeasy ,leg ,illustration3 #bfj #bfa #bfb #bfc ,no4 #bfj4 ,some changes have been made in the ankle joint1 but the notable modifications are a foot with thick sponge-rubber removable sole1 ,k-,k1 in place of the rubber-covered core2 for thigh amputations an adjustable steel knee cord and spring piston1 combined in one piece1 ,e1 and knee-joint tightener1 ,a4 ,the removable sole gives us an opportunity of strengthening the upper part of foot with a rawhide covering4 ,between the wooden part ,j and the rubber ,k at the toe part1 layers of canvas and sole leather are placed to prevent breaking or turning up of the toe4 ,this1 however1 is hardly necessary in most cases1 but we consider it an additional protection4 ,with rubber-covered cores the rubber first breaks away from the top of the core at the toe part1 resulting in turning up of the toe1 leaving little chance to repair it satisfactorily without making a new foot4 ,this cannot very well take place with the rubber sole1 as there is no rubber above the wood to break away4 ,if1 however1 it becomes necessary for any reason to renew the rubber1 the sole can be removed by simply taking a screw out at the bottom of foot1 and a new sole or part of a sole put on at a trifling expense without sending the leg to us1 as we keep on file a pattern of each individual foot made4 ,the greater security by which the cord ends and the ankle-joint rods are kept in place1 and the convenient method of getting at them1 are additional strong points commending the change4 ,see ,no4 #bfa4 ,the combination knee cord and spring consists of a steel rod carefully bushed at the joint and extending through a hickory bar in calf of the leg1 with a thick1 soft leather washer on the rod under the bar1 and a nut at the end of rod that is reached with thumb and finger through holes in back of leg for readily adjusting the length4 ,for the knee spring a suitably protected heavy elastic web is slipped over end of the rod and adjusted from outside of leg with buckskin strings2 as leg is flexed in act of walking1 the rod is forced through the hickory bar1 stretching the web and forcing the lower part of the leg forward in position for next step2 when lower part of leg is flexed at right angles with the thigh1 as in sitting1 the pressure of spring is automatically released4 ,this change simplifies the knee-joint construction1 is lighter and more convenient of adjustment4 ,figs4 #bfb and #bfc illustrate a new knee joint for amputation below the knee4 ,this is the latest and decidedly the most compact1 lightest1 and at the same time the best wearing joint that we have ever adopted1 not excepting the ball-bearing joint1 and is recommended in all cases4 ,joints of medium weight are usually applied4 ,a heavier joint of same pattern is used1 however1 when the wearer is unusually heavy or desires an extra strong joint and does not mind the additional weight4 ,let us see if we can describe the uniqueness of it1 so that it will be understood4 ,the head of the joint is very thin 7three-eighths of an inch71 permitting the trousers to set smoothly2 at the same time there is as much wearing surface as in an ordinary joint of twice the thickness4 ,c is a phosphor bronze 7the toughest of metal7 taper bushing fitted into a taper hole4 ,b is a taper bolt fitting a taper hole in the bushing2 when drawn into place with screw ,a1 the bushing is wedged into male joint head ,e tightly1 so that it is practically a part of this male head4 ,in swinging the leg the movement or wear is on the bolt ,b inside the cone bushing1 giving as much wearing surface as a joint with male head as thick as this bushing is long4 ,perhaps it will be better understood by reference to separate cuts of the bolt ,b and bushing ,c1 and stating that the bolt turns or moves inside the bushing only1 and that there is no wearing surface except between these two parts4 ,parts ,a1 ,b and ,c are all made to a size and interchangeable4 ,any one of them taken from stock will fit any joint head of this pattern without special fitting1 so that it may be conveniently replaced in case of wear4 ,the ,haberl ,patent ,foot ,with ,tarsal ,articulation ,illustration3 #bfd #bfe ,the novelty of this invention is in the point of articulation being near the bottom of the foot instead of at the ankle4 ,it does not give as much motion as the ankle-jointed foot1 but is much superior to the rigid ankle without a joint4 ,the construction is so simple that little explanation is required4 ,the dotted lines in ,no4 #bfd represent hickory plates1 covered with sponge rubber1 and ,no4 #bfe shows the manner in which the parts are put together4 ,the heel part is slipped into the round hole in hollow of foot1 and the piece taking the place of the ball and toe part of foot is passed through into the heel part1 as shown by dotted lines in ,no4 #bfd1 and locked together with a steel pin1 making a complete hinge4 ,in finishing1 the sponge rubber parts are covered with buckskin or kid4 ,the entire arrangement is so simple there is very slight probability that any repairs will be required that the wearer cannot make himself1 and the ease and little expense with which the parts can be renewed commend it to all who require a strong1 serviceable leg4 ,it seems to be a favorite among miners and others following rough1 heavy work who have given it a trial4 ,under contract with the patentee we have the exclusive right to manufacture this foot in the ,united ,states and ,canada4 ,we have made a good many of them1 and have yet to hear the first complaint from any of the wearers4 ,wood or leather lacing sockets may be used with this foot4 ,price of leg with the ,haberl foot1 for any amputation above the ankle1 #ge1 with five-year warranty4 ,,note4--,this foot is patented in the ,united ,states1 ,great ,britain1 ,canada1 ,germany1 ,france and ,spain4 ,attachment for use in place of ,thigh ,lacer and ,knee-joint ,in most cases of amputation below the knee1 if stump is sound and of good length1 it is possible to comfortably use a leg without the steel knee-joint and thigh support4 ,many express a desire to try a leg of this description1 but hesitate to have a leg so constructed1 fearing the result of continually taking the entire weight or bearing on the stump1 with no provision for relieving it4 ,for such as would like to try1 at their convenience and pleasure1 a leg without the thigh support1 we make attachment ,no4 #baa4 ,the thigh lacer and upper joints can be removed by taking the knee-joint bolts out and this attachment substituted4 ,at such times and in such work1 when the thigh support would be more desirable1 it can be readily replaced4 ,this attachment is included with the #ajj ,,walkeasy leg without extra charge2 with any other style of leg1 price #e4 ,illustration3 #baa #bab #bac ,neverchafe ,spring ,socket ,this is a leather socket moulded over a cast of the stump1 and suspended to the inner side of a wooden socket or shell with adjustable rubber webbing in such a manner as to avoid all friction or chafing of the stump and to give a comfortable1 helpful spring at each step of the wearer1 the sensation being much the same as though the weight were on an air cushion1 with no pressure on the end of the stump whatever4 ,no4 #bab for amputation below the knee2 ,no4 #bac for amputation above the knee4 ,this socket is particularly suitable for short stumps4 ,the inner socket1 being made of stiff leather1 practically lengthens the stump1 giving increased leverage1 a condition greatly to be desired in such cases4 ,it is also a very great relief to tender and sensitive stumps2 the slipping and rubbing occasioned more or less in walking on an artificial leg1 takes place with this attachment between the inner spring socket and the outer wood socket2 the pressure of the springs keeping the inner socket snugly against the stump in all positions1 precludes the possibility of any friction on the stump4 ,for stumps that become swollen in hot weather1 or that require extra covering in cool weather1 or for such as have never used an artificial leg1 with the consequent probability of the stump rapidly reducing1 this inner socket may be made adjustable by lacing4 ,while this is undoubtedly the most suitable and comfortable socket for very short and sensitive stumps1 some prefer the highly polished wooden socket1 and others the adjustable leather lacing socket4 ,all purchasers of the ,,walkeasy leg have their choice of socket2 the selection should be influenced by the length and condition of the stump1 the weight and occupation of the wearer1 and other considerations4 ,in all cases we guarantee a comfortable socket and one that will not chafe4 ,new ,adjustable ,leather ,lacing ,socket ,this new socket is for amputation below the knee4 ,the adjustment is made at the back of the socket instead of at the front1 as in the lacing sockets heretofore made4 ,the improvement is so marked that the wonder is we did not make the change earlier4 ,much of the weight on the stump is taken just where the socket was previously made to open1 and it was necessary to reinforce the lacing with a strap4 ,when laced in the back of socket the front is stronger1 more comfortable1 and dresses more smoothly2 furthermore1 there is more shrinkage of a stump in the calf than in front2 and in being able to make the adjustment in the back part of the socket1 it is kept nearer the shape that will conform to the shape of the stump than when laced in front4 ,this socket is illustrated in the various engravings representing legs for below the knee amputation4 ,see frontispiece1 ,no4 #bjd1 ,no4 #bbg and ,no4 #bbh4 ,illustration ,,part ,,ii ,in this part we give descriptions and illustrations of ordinary styles of legs1 such as we have made here--with various modifications and improvements1 as suggested by time1 wear and experience--for forty-five years4 ,excepting the ,,walkeasy leg1 described in ,part ,i1 there are no better nor more reliable artificial limbs made anywhere by anyone1 and the prices are much below those charged by other manufacturers4 ,the various styles are3 ,wooden foot with ball-and-socket ankle joint and wooden socket4 ,wooden foot with ball-and-socket ankle joint and leather lacing socket4 ,wooden foot with hinge ankle joint 7army and navy or two-ball7 and wooden socket4 ,wooden foot with hinge ankle joint 7army and navy or two-ball7 and adjustable leather lacing socket4 ,foot with sponge-rubber or felt removable sole and rigid ankle and wooden socket4 ,foot with rigid ankle and adjustable leather lacing socket4 ,the cords and springs used in the legs with articulated ankle joints are the same as are used in the ,,walkeasy leg4 ,the springs are rubber used by compression1 imparting easy1 uniform motion1 their power and action being regulated by simply turning a nut1 so that the wearer may adjust them to suit his own peculiar gait4 ,in walking1 when the weight of the body rests on the ball of the foot1 the spring in the back part of the leg 7heel spring7 is firmly compressed1 and when the weight of the body is thrown forward on to the other foot the spring rises and carries the foot forward to its place with very little effort of the wearer1 assisting greatly in carrying the weight of the leg4 ,the prices for legs described in this part1 for amputation at any point above the ankle1 are1 including suspenders1 stump socks1 etc41 complete3 #ej1 warranted for one year4 #fj1 warranted for three years4 #gj1 warranted for five years4 ,a copy of the warranty is given on page #ah4 ,just as good a leg in every way is made for #ej as is made for #gj1 the difference in price being determined wholly by the time the warranty is made to cover4 ,if undetermined as to which leg would be best adapted to any particular case1 and it is left to our judgment to select1 upon receipt of measurements and full particulars we will construct the one we honestly and conscientiously believe will give the most lasting and comfortable service4 ,we are equally interested with the purchaser in doing this1 as the continued good name of our establishment1 as well as our future prosperity1 depend wholly upon the durability of our work and the comfort with which it is worn4 ,ball-and-,socket ,ankle ,joint ,this joint is formed by a polished glass ball plying in a socket of vulcanite1 the foot and ankle being joined together with four tendons1 passing through rubber springs in the ankle2 this joint admits of every motion the natural ankle has4 ,in walking on the side of a hill or inclined plane1 or where the foot is used to brace the body1 the ankle flexes laterally and the foot remains flat on the ground1 thus giving a firm base of support4 ,the motion closely imitates the movement of the natural ankle1 and this joint is desirable for light work and short1 tender stumps4 ,notwithstanding it is more complicated than any of our other styles1 requiring more care and attention1 there are hundreds of people using it with such comfort and satisfaction that under no circumstances whatever could they be induced to use any other4 ,no4 #baf1 on page #dj4 ,double ,ball-and-,socket ,ankle ,joint ,this joint is a unique invention1 and the idea of its construction was suggested by the single ball-and-socket joint4 ,it consists of two polished glass balls plying in sockets of fibre4 ,there is no substance that could be used for this purpose that presents a harder1 smoother surface than glass1 and when in the shape of solid polished spheres1 plying in perfectly fitted sockets1 they are practically indestructible2 there is no such thing as wearing them out4 ,a linked steel rod and a back and front tendon securely connect the foot and ankle4 ,the tendons1 also the rubber springs1 are the same as used in all of our legs1 and are applied in the same manner4 ,this is a somewhat lighter joint than the army and navy joint and is recommended for persons of light or medium weight4 ,no4 #bag1 on page #dj4 ,army and ,navy ,ankle ,joint ,the axis of this joint consists of a hollow steel bolt securely fastened in the foot with two vertical rods with nuts at the lower ends4 ,the bolt is stationary in the foot1 the ankle working on the upper surface of the bolt1 leaving no possible chance for an accumulation of any grit or dirt1 thus making a self-cleaning joint4 ,the steel rod1 together with the front and back cords1 connects the foot and the ankle4 ,provision is made for tightening the ankle rod with a nut on the upper end1 so as to regulate the friction on the bolt and to compensate for any wear that may take place at the joint4 ,this is recommended as being the strongest and most serviceable of the wooden feet4 ,no4 #bah4 ,a ,new ,foot with ,rigid ,ankle ,this is not properly a rubber foot1 but a modification of the so-called rubber foot suggested by improvements on our ,,walkeasy foot4 ,in the construction of the old-style rubber foot a wooden core is covered with rubber and properly cured or vulcanized by heat4 ,it is impossible to strengthen or reinforce this wooden core with a covering of rawhide as is done on the other parts of an artificial leg1 because the heat necessary in vulcanizing the rubber burns and ruins the rawhide4 ,this is obviated by the method of construction of this new foot4 ,the upper part of the foot is firmly attached to the ankle part by a pin1 and the entire wood part is covered with rawhide4 ,thus the upper part of the foot forms practically one piece with the ankle1 and strength is gained without adding weight4 ,the sponge-rubber removable sole is fitted into a recess channeled in the foot and is securely held in place by one screw4 ,no rubber is used at the top of the foot1 but more is used on the sole where it is most needed4 ,if a foot needs be made extremely light a fine quality of felt is used in place of the rubber4 ,the felt does not give as much spring and elasticity to the tread of the foot as the sponge rubber1 and nothing is gained by using it except reduction in weight4 ,illustration3 #baf #bag #bah #bfg ,to prevent wear at the part corresponding with the toe joint of the natural foot1 layers of canvas are cemented on the upper surface of the rubber sole where it comes in contact with the extreme forward part of the wooden portion4 ,should the rubber sole give way or wear out1 the worn part1 or indeed the entire sole1 may be renewed at small expense without the necessity of replacing the entire foot as in the old style of rubber foot4 ,altogether this is a lighter1 stronger and more serviceable foot1 more easily and inexpensively kept in order4 ,a sectional view of this foot is shown in ,no4 #bfg4 ,illustration ,illustration3 #bbj #bba #bbb #bbc ,,number #bbj ,full length leg for thigh amputation1 with wooden foot1 ankle joint ,no4 #baf1 #bag or #bah1 and adjustable leather lacing socket4 ,price1 complete1 #ej1 warranted for one year2 #fj1 three years2 #gj1 five years4 ,,number #bba ,full length leg for thigh amputation1 with wooden foot1 ankle joint ,no4 #baf1 #bag or #bah1 and wooden socket4 ,price1 complete1 #ej1 warranted for one year2 #fj1 three years2 #gj1 five years4 ,,number #bbb ,full length leg for thigh amputation1 with new foot1 with rigid ankle ,no4 #bfg1 and adjustable leather lacing socket4 ,price1 complete1 #ej1 warranted for one year2 #fj1 three years2 #gj1 five years4 ,,number #bbc ,full length leg for thigh amputation1 with new foot1 with rigid ankle ,no4 #bfg1 and wooden socket4 ,price1 complete1 #ej1 warranted for one year2 #fj1 three years2 #gj1 five years4 ,illustration3 #bbd #bbe #bbf #bbg ,,number #bbd ,knee-bearing leg for amputation below the knee when the knee joint is stiff and inflexible1 or when stump is too short for the successful use of a socket leg2 new foot with rigid ankle ,no4 #bfg1 and leather socket4 ,price1 complete1 #ej1 warranted for one year2 #fj1 three years2 #gj1 five years4 ,the sockets on ,nos4 #bbd and #bbe may be transposed1 using the leather socket on ,no4 #bbe or the wooden socket on ,no4 #bbd4 ,,number #bbe ,knee-bearing leg for amputation below the knee when the knee joint is stiff and inflexible1 or when stump is too short for the successful use of a socket leg2 wooden foot1 ankle joint ,no4 #baf1 #bag or #bah1 and wooden socket4 ,price1 complete1 #ej1 warranted one year2 #fj1 three years2 #gj1 five years4 ,leg for knee-joint amputation is made similar to the knee-bearing legs and prices are the same4 ,the upper part of leg for this kind of amputation is made same as shown by ,no4 #bjc on page #bf4 ,,number #bbf ,leg for amputation below the knee1 wooden foot1 ankle joint ,no4 #baf1 #bag or #bah1 and wooden socket4 ,price1 complete1 #ej1 warranted for one year2 #fj1 three years2 #gj1 five years4 ,,number #bbg ,leg for amputation below the knee1 wooden foot1 ankle joint ,no4 #baf1 #bag or #bah1 and adjustable leather lacing socket4 ,price1 complete1 #ej1 warranted for one year2 #fj1 three years2 #gj1 five years4 ,illustration3 #bbh #bbi #bcj #bca ,,number #bbh ,leg for amputation below the knee1 with new foot1 with rigid ankle ,no4 #bfg1 and adjustable leather lacing socket4 ,price1 complete1 #ej1 warranted for one year2 #fj1 three years2 #gj1 five years4 ,,number #bbi ,leg for amputation below the knee1 with new foot1 with rigid ankle ,no4 #bfg1 and wooden socket4 ,price1 complete1 #ej1 warranted for one year2 #fj1 three years2 #gj1 five years4 ,,number #bcj ,leg for amputation below the knee1 without knee joints or thigh support4 ,this style of leg is hardly suitable for stumps less than six inches in length4 ,with a sound stump of sufficient length it may be worn with much satisfaction1 as it is about one-third lighter than one with the knee joints and thigh band1 and the wearer experiences much less restraint in its use1 both in walking and sitting4 ,it is1 however1 not recommended if the stump is sore or sensitive1 as the entire pressure or bearing must be taken on the stump1 with no provision for relieving it as with the leg with thigh band4 ,no4 #bcj shows the leg with new foot1 with rigid ankle ,no4 #bfg1 and adjustable leather lacing socket4 ,a wooden socket with the same foot will be used if desired4 ,price1 complete1 #de1 warranted for one year2 #ee1 three years2 #fe1 five years4 ,if this leg is purchased1 and it subsequently proves unsatisfactory1 knee joints and thigh bands will be put on for #aj4 ,,number #bca ,leg for amputation below the knee1 without knee joints or thigh support1 wooden foot1 ankle joint ,no4 #baf1 #bag or #bah1 and wooden socket1 or adjustable leather lacing socket if desired4 ,price1 complete1 #de1 warranted for one year2 #ee1 three years2 #fe1 five years4 ,any time after leg is finished joints and thigh band will be put on for #aj4 ,amputations at or below the ,ankle ,joint ,amputations at or below the ankle joint are usually performed with the expectation that much of the weight of the body can be borne on the end of the stump or plantar surface of the remaining part of the foot1 and in most cases this can be done4 ,owing to the little space below the end of the stump1 it is desirable1 with few exceptions1 to construct feet for these amputations without articulated ankle joints4 ,illustration3 #bcb #bcc #bcd #bce #bcf #bcg #bgj ,,number #bcb ,leg for ankle-joint 7,symes7 operation1 with new foot with rigid ankle ,no4 #bfg1 without knee joints or thigh support4 ,price1 complete1 #dj1 warranted for one year2 #ej1 three years2 #fj1 five years4 ,,number #bcc ,leg for ankle-joint 7,symes7 amputation1 with new foot with rigid ankle ,no4 #bfg1 with knee joints and thigh support1 used when little or no pressure or weight can be taken on the end of the stump4 ,price1 complete1 #ej1 warranted for one year2 #fj1 three years2 #gj1 five years4 ,,number #bcd ,stump after amputation through or near the instep4 ,,number #bce ,appliance for partial amputation of foot4 ,the foot is made of wood1 covered with rawhide1 and has an articulated toe joint2 leather sheath coming up above the ankle1 laced in front4 ,price1 #be4 ,,number #bcf ,appliance for amputation through the instep similar to ,no4 #bce1 with sheath extending well up on the leg1 and laced in the back4 ,price1 #cj4 ,,number #bcg ,appliance for partial amputation of foot4 ,wooden foot1 toe joint1 leather sheath extending to the knee1 with side joints4 ,this is used when little or no weight can be taken on the end of stump1 the weight being supported by the leather sheath on the leg below the knee4 ,price1 #dj4 ,,number #bgj ,an entirely new style of foot for amputation at the ankle joint4 ,the leather sheath encases the stump from the knee to the end4 ,the articulated joint is made by putting the bolt or cylinder entirely through the foot1 giving a good wearing surface similar to the artificial knee joint used for amputations above the knee4 ,if there is little room below end of stump the foot would be made of hard wood4 ,peg ,legs ,these low-priced legs are carefully fitted1 and1 excepting ,no4 #bdb1 are covered with rawhide and enameled the same as the legs with feet4 ,they have heavy iron ferrules screwed to the bottom1 in which a rubber cushion is used4 ,if desired at some future time1 a foot and ankle may be attached4 ,measurements1 mould1 profiles1 etc41 same as for leg with foot1 excepting that no foot measurements are required1 and length of sound leg should be taken with shoe on4 ,the prices include suspenders and stump stock4 ,illustration3 #bch #bci #bdj #bda #bdb ,,number #bch ,peg leg without knee joint1 for amputation above the knee2 wooden socket2 adjustable leather lacing socket used if preferred4 ,price1 including suspenders1 #ah4 ,,number #bci ,peg leg with knee joint1 for amputation above the knee2 shown with wooden socket2 adjustable leather lacing socket used if preferred2 automatic lock1 making knee stiff in standing2 pressing the button in the back part of joint releases the knee lock so that joint may be flexed in sitting4 ,price1 including suspenders1 #be4 ,,number #bdj ,peg leg with wooden socket1 for amputation below the knee4 ,price1 including suspenders1 if desired1 #be4 ,,number #bda ,peg leg with adjustable leather lacing socket1 for amputation below the knee4 ,price1 including suspenders1 if desired1 #be4 ,,number #bdb ,skeleton peg leg for amputation below the knee1 to be used with knee resting on pad4 ,the measurements required3 distance from knee to floor1 diameter through the knee from side to side outside clothing4 ,state whether for right or left leg4 ,price #h4 ,suspenders ,all artificial legs for thigh amputations require support from shoulders or waist4 ,for amputations at or below the knee1 except ankle joint and partial foot amputations1 it is desirable to have suspenders attached for beginners4 ,many1 however1 discard them after a time4 ,all legs that we make requiring suspenders are equipped with them1 any form desired1 without extra charge4 ,we are not confined to the styles illustrated2 they will be modified to suit the purchaser or any peculiarities of the case4 ,illustration3 #beb #bec #bed #bee #bef #beg ,,number #beb ,suspender for leg amputation with forked straps to be attached to artificial leg below the knee2 heavy elastic web between the buckle and fork2 this is a popular style4 ,price1 #a4ej4 ,,number #bec ,a waist belt for women to which elastic straps are attached in back and front1 or the forked strap in front only4 ,this is for amputation below the knee4 ,it is1 however1 often used in connection with suspenders1 which pass over the shoulders1 on legs for thigh amputation4 ,price1 complete for leg amputation1 #b4 ,,number #bed ,for women4 ,corset with roller suspenders attached to waist belt1 used when amputation is above the knee4 ,this is a much more convenient and comfortable support for women than any kind of suspender straps4 ,the belt or straps can be made to attach to any corset4 ,price1 including corset1 #e4 ,,number #bee ,roller suspenders for leg for thigh amputation4 ,crossed or looped behind and looped in front if desired4 ,price1 #d4 ,,number #bef ,the roller or pulley used on the roller suspenders4 ,the action of the straps under these rollers prevents drawing over the shoulders1 in stooping1 sitting or lying down1 the suspenders remaining stationary on the shoulders4 ,price1 #be cents each4 ,,number #beg ,suspenders1 partial elastic1 of the ordinary pattern1 for thigh amputation2 riveted so as to swivel on a leather strap laced around the upper part of the socket4 ,price1 #c4 ,the back part of the sockets of all legs for thigh amputations is padded4 ,this prevents the wear and cutting of the clothing when sitting on a hard seat of any kind4 ,without the padding1 destruction of the clothing can hardly be avoided4 ,illustration3 #beh #bei ,fitting ,tool ,,number #beh4 ,there are changes in stumps from time to time requiring slight smoothing or easing out in the socket4 ,a wooden socket can most conveniently and effectually be cut out with one of these fitting tools1 such as are used by artificial limb makers4 ,price1 #a4ej4 ,stump ,socks ,,number #bei4 ,socks made from soft woolen yarn are the most convenient and comfortable covering that can be worn on a stump1 with or without an artificial leg4 ,with a properly fitted socket1 either wood or leather1 it is as much padding as is required4 ,to compensate for shrinkage of the stump1 two or three extra socks may be added from time to time as required4 ,it is desirable1 however1 if the stump has become so much reduced that more covering than this is needed1 to have the socket lined with leather or felt1 and if it should still further reduce1 a new socket or top is the best remedy4 ,,price ,,list ,delivered by mail or express on receipt of price4 ,length of ,circumference at ,price ,price ,sock largest part of ,each per ,stump ,dozen ---------------------------------------- ------- #aj inches or less,under #ae inches #j4ce #c4ej #aj to #af inches ,under #ae inches 4#de #d4ej #aj to #af inches ,over #ae inches 4#ee #e4ej #af to #bb inches ,under #ae inches 4#ee #e4ej #af to #bb inches ,over #ae inches 4#fe #f4ej #bb to #bh inches ,under #ae inches 4#fe #f4ej #bb to #bh inches ,over #ae inches 4#ge #g4ej #bh to #cd inches ,under #ae inches 4#ge #g4ej #bh to #cd inches ,over #ae inches 4#he #h4ej ---------------------------------------- ------- ,one-fourth or one-half dozen at dozen rates4 ,length of sock should be two or three inches longer than the remaining part of the mutilated leg4 ,state whether amputation is above1 below1 or at the knee2 give length and circumference at top and two inches from the end of stump4 ,artificial ,legs for ,deformities ,we make limbs for all manner of deformities1 each one specially designed and constructed to conform to the individual peculiarities4 ,with a fair degree of strength in the deficient limb1 comfortable support and probability of easy locomotion are assured the wearers of these appliances4 ,rubber or wooden foot can be used4 ,prices vary from #ej to #ajj1 according to the difficulties to be overcome in proper construction and comfortable fitting4 ,after receiving full description1 exact price will be given4 ,a plaster mould or cast of the deformed limb should be forwarded1 together with measurements of sound limb1 same as in case of an amputation4 ,illustration3 #bdc #bdd ,,number #bdc ,this cut represents one of the more difficult of the many legs we are called upon to make for malformations4 ,this particular limb was made from measurements and cast of deformed leg 7,no4 #bdd7 without the presence of the applicant at the factory4 ,after one or two trials in the rough it was finished and is being used with the utmost satisfaction4 ,price ,list of ,supplies ,elastic ,web1 #e inches wide1 per yard #a4jj ,elastic ,web1 heavy1 #b inches wide1 per yard 4#fj ,elastic ,web1 heavy1 #a inches wide1 per yard 4#ej ,elastic ,web1 heavy1 #a inch wide1 per yard 4#dj ,elastic ,web1 heavy1 inch wide1 per yard 4#cj ,non-elastic ,web1 cotton1 #b inches wide1 per yard 4#bj ,non-elastic ,web1 cotton1 #a inches wide1 per yard 4#ae ,non-elastic ,web1 worsted1 tubular1 #b inches wide1 per yard 4#cj ,buckle1 brass1 #b inches wide1 each 4#je ,buckle ,roller1 single prong1 1 or inch wide1 each 4#je ,buckle ,snaps 4#je ,felt1 best fine wool1 per ounce 4#be ,knee ,spring1 made from #e-;inch web1 complete1 each #a4jj ,knee ,spring ,rod1 ,c1 cut ,no4 #bfj1 each #a4be ,knee ,bolt1 for amputation above knee1 complete1 each #a4ej ,knee ,bolt ,end ,screw1 each 4#be ,knee ,cord1 with adjustable attachment1 each #a4jj ,knee ,cord1 without adjustable attachment1 each 4#ej ,knee ,joint ,bolts and ,screws1 each 4#be ,bushings for same1 each 4#je ,lacing ,strings1 rawhide or buckskin1 each 4#aj ,lacing ,hooks1 each #c cents1 per dozen 4#be ,lacing ,eyelets1 or inch1 per dozen 4#aj ,ankle ,cords1 with adjustable top1 complete with spring2 heel1 each #a4jj ,ankle ,cords1 with adjustable top1 complete with spring2 front or side1 each 4#ge ,ankle-,cord ,loops1 without top or spring1 each 4#ej ,ankle-,cord ,springs1 heel or front1 each 4#bj ,ankle-,cord ,wrench1 each 4#be ,ankle ,bolt1 steel1 each #a4be ,ball ,socket for ball-and-socket ankle1 each 4#ej ,rotary ,stopper for ball-and-socket ankle1 each 4#ej ,toe ,cord or ,rod with ,bracket1 each 4#be ,toe-,spring ,rubber1 each 4#ae ,toe ,fasteners1 each 4#aj ,rubber ,cushion for bottom of peg leg1 #b inches diameter1 each 4#ej ,sent post-paid on receipt of price4 ,in ordering cords1 if with the screw tops1 give length from inside of loop at one end to the other extreme end2 if without the screw attachment1 give length from inside of loop at one extreme end to inside of loop at the other extreme end4 ,price ,list for ,repairs ,neverchafe ,socket1 for amputation above or below the knee4 ,inner leather1 #e4jj2 outer wooden shell1 #ae4jj2 both #bj4jj ,wooden ,socket1 for amputation above or below the knee #ae4jj ,leather ,lacing ,socket1 for amputation above or below the knee #ae4jj ,new ,knee1 complete1 for thigh amputation leg #ae4jj ,new ,knee1 upper part only #h4jj ,new ,knee1 lower part only #g4jj ,new ,walkeasy ,ankle #ae4jj ,new ,walkeasy ,foot1 sponge-rubber sole #ae4jj ,new ,walkeasy ,foot and ,ankle #be4jj ,new ,wooden ,foot #aj4jj ,new ,rubber ,foot with rigid ankle #aj4jj ,new ,foot and ,ankle2 wooden foot with ankle joint1 or rubber foot with rigid ankle #ae4jj ,new ,knee ,joints #g4jj ,new ,thigh ,lacer1 for amputation below the knee #c4jj ,covering leg with rawhide and enameling1 for thigh amputation #g4jj ,covering leg with rawhide and enameling1 for leg amputation #e4jj ,for other repairs1 difficult of enumeration1 a charge of #ej cents per hour will be made4 ,,part ,,iii ,,artificial ,,arms ,the construction of artificial arms may be said to have commenced with the sixteenth century4 8,the distinguished ,chevalier ,getz fought at the head of the army of ,margrave ,frederick from #aejd to #aefb with an artificial iron hand4 ,the fingers of this hand were closed one after the other by the action of several springs4 ,we are further informed that this hand1 which possessed enormous weight1 enclosed the stump1 and was attached to the armor which covered the body40 ,during the sixteenth century many very defective artificial arms were made1 which1 however1 served the purpose for which they were intended1 as they enabled the wearers to engage in battle1 guide their horses1 etc4 ,the artificial hand being once attached to the weapon or bridle rein1 mechanism for articulating the fingers was not deemed necessary4 ,ambrose ,par1 a noted ,french physician1 born in #aejj1 and called the father of ,french surgery1 describes an artificial hand made of iron1 with more perfect mechanism than the one worn by ,getz2 in this hand the thumb is immovable and all the fingers are opened and closed simultaneously under the influence of a single spring4 ,during ,ambrose ,par's time efforts were made to restore natural movements of the lost parts in order to enable the maimed to perform all ordinary labor4 ,leather1 paper1 and other metals were substituted for iron4 ,par leaves a figure of a leather hand1 but without details as to its mechanism2 it is apparently made with immovable fingers and thumb1 but with a sheath inserted between the thumb and index finger for receiving a pen1 etc4 ,he further describes an artificial forearm1 which can1 by the aid of the sound hand1 be brought into any degree of flexion and maintained there by the use of a pawl caught into meshes of a cog wheel4 ,the artificial arms described by ,ambrose ,par1 although extremely heavy1 seem to have been in favor until the latter part of the eighteenth century2 at this time a monk of the order of ,carmelites designed a hand made of sheet tin1 with movable fingers and thumb1 to be articulated by movement of the stump1 but we are informed that it was too complicated to be used with any degree of success except in cases of amputation near the wrist joint4 ,we have a description of an arm made subsequently of leather and covered with sheepskin1 colored in such a manner as to represent the appearance of the human skin1 and to make it appear more natural the nails were made of white horn4 ,the improvements in the hand were mostly in the appearance1 without any important addition to its utility or usefulness4 ,in #ahah a ,dr4 ,graefe suggested the construction of an arm susceptible of manipulation by means of cords attached to a corset surrounding the shoulders1 the arm to be moved without the aid of the sound hand4 ,this principle of attachment for the movement of the forearm and fingers is followed to the present time with various modifications4 ,the early history of artificial arms seems to refer mainly to their special construction and application for people of renown who had suffered the loss of their natural extremities4 ,until a comparatively recent period the impracticability1 on account of complicated heavy mechanism1 and the great expense of these appliances1 precluded anything like a general demand for their use4 ,as the inventive geniuses of modern times have devised and produced so many labor and time-saving instruments and machines1 that are1 however useful1 nevertheless the cause of much horrible mutilation of humanity1 so also have they in some measure made compensation to the maimed by the progress and improvement attained in the utility of the appliances for the substitution of lost members4 ,simplicity of mechanism1 the application of extremely light material in such a manner as to preserve the necessary strength1 are the prominent features of progress in artificial arm construction1 and in combination with the prevailing moderate prices1 bring them into popular favor with those who have use for them4 ,however light1 strong and mechanically perfect an arm and hand may be made1 its success or failure--provided the stump is sound and of sufficient length--depends much upon the continued patience and perseverance of the wearer in getting accustomed to its use4 ,the preservation of the form and the general improvement in the appearance produced by a properly constructed and comfortably fitted arm1 to say nothing of its usefulness and convenience1 should be an incentive to persistent effort on the part of the wearer to habituate himself to it1 and if this is practiced for a few weeks there need be no fear of the ultimate result4 ,sockets for the ,stumps ,for amputation below the elbow the neatest and best fitting socket is made from specially prepared stiff leather moulded over a cast of the stump1 supported with a framework of steel and lined with buckskin or kid4 ,the advantages over a wooden socket are that it is less clumsy1 adheres more closely to the stump1 that there is no danger of splitting1 and withal is equally as durable4 ,we make them1 however1 of wood if desired4 ,for amputation above the elbow the artificial elbow is made of wood1 and it is sometimes desirable to extend the wood upward in one piece to form the socket4 ,aluminum ,much has been anticipated and hoped for in artificial limb work from this new and extremely light metal1 but it has proved objectionable for any parts in both arms and legs that come in near contact with the stumps1 owing to the rapid oxidization that takes place from perspiration1 and its practical use is confined to fingers1 toes1 and such other minor fixtures as are not likely to come in contact with any part of the body4 ,artificial ,hands ,whatever their mechanical perfection1 artificial hands can1 in fact1 possess but one useful quality1 that of seizing objects like pincers4 ,in nearly every act performed by the natural fingers are combined flexion1 extension1 prehension1 and many other different movements2 this combination no mechanic has ever been able--and probably none ever will be able--to successfully reproduce in an artificial hand4 ,it is1 therefore1 practically useless that the fingers should be movable1 since a less complicated1 lighter and stronger hand can be made with fingers rigid1 in a half-closed1 natural position1 articulating the thumb only1 which results in a more powerful spring and consequently a greater degree of firm grasping power4 ,the fingers being strengthened with steel plates running through them1 reinforced with a covering of rawhide1 and securely fastened to the hand1 heavy objects may be lifted without danger of the fingers straightening out and the object dropping to the ground4 ,while we furnish the hand with movable fingers1 and the rubber hand with ductile rubber fingers1 the wooden hand with rigid fingers and movable thumb is recommended as giving the most practical1 durable1 and satisfactory service4 ,the ,color ,artificial hands are covered with a delicately tinted enamel1 as nearly a flesh color as it is possible to make2 but in order that they may be less conspicuous and the illusion more complete a glove should be worn at all times4 ,we furnish a pair of gloves with each hand4 ,tools and ,implements ,tools and implements in almost limitless variety can be used in an arm in place of the hand4 ,those most frequently used are the plain hook1 double hook1 ring1 knife1 fork1 brush1 and spoon4 ,people who have never worn arms hardly know what will be of service to them4 ,special tools are required for special work1 and these can be subsequently provided when it has been determined what will be most useful4 ,with all arms with detachable hands1 or rubber hands with the palm socket1 we furnish a plain hook1 knife1 fork1 and brush1 without extra charge1 or the price of any of these implements that are not wanted will be deducted from the price of the arm4 ,finger ,construction ,usually the fingers for artificial hands are made of a single piece of wood1 and it is obvious if the finger is curved or flexed that at some point the grain of the wood will be directly across the finger and will quickly break if subjected to any considerable strain4 ,to obviate this difficulty we make the fingers for the wooden hands of two pieces of wood2 on one side the grain or fibre runs lengthwise1 and on the other crosswise1 and between these two pieces of wood is placed a steel plate1 and all are firmly riveted together1 the steel plate projecting sufficiently to be securely riveted to the hand4 ,the fingers are next entirely covered with rawhide1 which1 together with the other precautions taken against breakage1 make them sufficiently strong to support the weight of the wearer4 ,see ,no4 #cjj1 page #fd4 ,partial ,amputation of ,hand ,no4 #cja 7page #fd7 represents a stump after partial amputation of the hand1 leaving free use of thumb1 but it is with difficulty that this can be brought in contact with the remaining stump so as to be of service4 ,no4 #cjb represents1 for stumps of this description1 a wooden sheath1 terminating in immovable fingers partially closed1 the hand being attached to the wrist and forearm by means of a leather lacing attachment4 ,the sheath is covered with rawhide and enameled1 and the fingers made as shown in ,no4 #cjj4 ,price #dj4 ,should there be amputation at the base of two or three fingers only1 with no impairment in the movements of the remaining one or two1 so that they can be brought in firm contact with the thumb1 what is left of such a mutilated hand is far more useful than anything that can possibly be made to supplement it1 but to conceal the loss and give the hand a more perfect appearance1 fingers can be made and applied as represented by ,no4 #cjb1 over which a glove should be worn4 ,nos4 #cjc and #cjd 7page #fd7 show an apparatus useful in all kinds of labor for persons who have undergone a partial amputation of the hand4 ,it consists of a leather sheath1 laced to the forearm4 ,attached to the under surface of this sheath is a steel plate1 which extends downward under the stump1 turning up slightly at the end4 ,at the end is an aperture through which it is possible to slip the handles of tools and implements1 passing them beneath the stump1 where they are securely held in place by pressure of the stump4 ,price #bj4 ,illustration3 #cjj #cja #cjb #cjc #cjd #cje #cjf #cjg #cjh #cji #caj #caa #cab #cac #cad #caf #cag ,no4 #cje represents a stump after an amputation of all the fingers and thumb1 and ,no4 #cjf an artificial wooden hand for same1 with stationary fingers and articulated thumb with a powerful spring to be opened with the assistance of the sound hand4 ,price #dj4 ,rubber ,hand ,with the assistance of the other hand1 or by pressing against some resisting body1 the ductile rubber fingers of the hand ,no4 #cjg may be changed in position to suit the needs of the wearer as shown by the dotted lines in the illustration4 ,for those who prefer the rubber to the wooden hand it will be furnished with any of the arms we make4 ,it can be attached permanently to the forearm1 detachable at the wrist1 with provision for using a hook of other implement in place of the hand1 or furnished with a palm socket and lock for the use of hook1 knife1 fork1 etc41 without removing the hand4 ,see ,no4 #cjh4 ,connections ,no4 #cji represents a new method for connecting the hand and arm4 ,heretofore the devices in use could not be absolutely relied upon to keep the hand or tools in place4 ,it mattered not how strongly the fingers were made for lifting heavy weights1 the customary spring or set-screw used for locking this connection was liable to loosen or give way without warning and cause much annoyance1 if not injury4 ,on the hand plate two studs are riveted1 the heads of which pass into keyholes in the arm plate4 ,with a slight turn of the hand the heads pass into the slots of the keyholes1 bringing the heads of the studs under the arm plate2 they are kept immovable with a spring that automatically slips into a slot in the edge of the plate2 the spring is released by a pressure of the thumb of the sound hand in twisting the artificial hand off4 ,the hook and other tools have a lug at the end of the spindle or shank2 after passing the shank through the hole in the center of the arm plate1 it is turned to any desired position and held firmly in place with the wing nut1 as shown in ,no4 #caj4 ,illustration3 #cah #cai #cbj #cba #cbb #cbc #cbd #cbe ,some of the ,implements ,some of the implements that may be attached in the wrist plate when the hand is removed are also shown in the illustration4 ,all excepting the brush are made of steel1 or other suitable metal4 ,no4 #caj--,single ,hook ,price #a4jj ,no4 #caa--;,brush 0 #a4jj ,no4 #cab--,spoon 0 #a4jj ,no4 #cac--,table ,knife 0 #a4jj ,no4 #cad--,table ,fork 0 #a4jj ,no4 #caf--;,double ,hook 0 #c4jj ,no4 #cag--,ring 0 #b4jj ,special knife1 fork1 brush1 and hook will be made for use in the palm of rubber hand1 ,no4 #cjh1 without additional charge4 ,other tools1 such as pincers1 claw hook1 clevis1 etc41 will be made to order when desired4 ,wrist ,joint ,amputations ,these usually leave a stump somewhat larger at the end than immediately above 7see ,no4 #cah1 page #fd71 thus providing a means of securely applying the arm and keeping it in place without the necessity of attachment above the elbow1 as shown in ,no4 #cai4 ,attachments above the elbow may1 however1 be put on if thought best1 and for amputation at or a short distance above the wrist it is preferable to make the connection at the elbow with leather straps1 as shown in ,no4 #cbj1 rather than with steel joints4 ,the socket of any arm for amputation between wrist and elbow will be made to lace if desired4 ,,prices1 ,,nos4 #cai ,,and #cbj 7,see page #ff7 ,with wood or rubber hand1 permanently attached to forearm1 no provision for tools1 and without attachment above the elbow #cj4jj ,the same with attachment above the elbow #ce4jj ,rubber hand1 not detachable at wrist1 but with palm socket1 including knife1 fork1 hook1 and brush1 without attachment above the elbow #ce4jj ,the same with attachment above the elbow #dj4jj ,with wood or rubber hand1 detachable at the wrist1 including knife1 fork1 hook1 and brush1 without attachment above the elbow #dj4jj ,the same with attachment above the elbow #de4jj ,no4 #cba represents arm for amputation below the elbow1 leather socket and leather lacer above the elbow1 both reinforced with steel frame1 connected at elbow with steel joint straps4 ,no4 #cbb is a detachable wooden hand1 with rigid fingers and movable thumb4 ,a traction rod for opening the thumb with motion of shoulder is shown in the illustration2 a web strap is buttoned to the upper end of the traction rod and passes over opposite shoulder1 as shown in ,no4 #cbf1 page #gj4 ,any motion of the shoulder that will draw on this rod will open the thumb1 and when the tension is released a strong spring in the thumb brings it back in contact with the first finger4 ,for single amputations there is little or no advantage in having this attachment put on2 it necessarily requires more complicated and expensive mechanism1 without any practical gain to the wearer4 ,for double amputations something of this kind must be depended upon for assistance1 and to obtain the greatest benefit from artificial arms1 means similar to this for operating the movement of the thumb are absolutely required4 ,one or more movable fingers in conjunction with the thumb may be operated in the same manner4 ,,prices1 ,,no4 #cba ,including ,plain ,hook1 ,knife1 ,fork1 and ,brush ,arm without hand1 used as a peg arm2 a hand may be subsequently applied #be4jj ,arm with wooden or rubber hand1 detachable at wrist #ej4jj ,arm with wooden hand and traction rod for opening thumb from shoulder #fj4jj ,ball-and-,socket ,wrist ,joint ,no4 #cbc represents arm with ball-and-socket wrist joint for amputation below the elbow1 but not suitable for an amputation near the wrist for the reason that the space in that locality is required for the mechanism of the joint4 ,in the various uses to which an artificial hand may be put1 a change in the position of the hand is often desirable2 for example1 in keeping a book or paper in position while being written upon with the sound hand1 the artificial hand can be turned so that the tips of the fingers will rest upon and hold the article securely in place4 ,in bringing the arm in front of the body the ball-and-socket joint admits of the hand being brought near to the body in a very easy1 lifelike manner4 ,in other positions desired the hand may be placed at the degree of flexion most convenient and helpful and that giving the most natural appearance4 ,no4 #ccb1 on page #gb1 gives an illustration of the details of the joint4 ,the forearm and attachment above the elbow are leather1 supported with steel framework same as ,no4 #cba4 ,wooden hand with movable thumb is furnished with or without traction rod for opening thumb with shoulder movement1 but no provision is made for the use of a hook or other implement in place of the hand4 ,a rubber hand with palm socket for implements can be attached if preferred1 but is somewhat heavier4 ,for persons not employed in laborious occupations and who have no occasion to use a hook or similar implement1 this style of arm is desirable2 for others we would recommend ,no4 #cba4 ,,prices1 ,,no4 #cbc ,without traction rod for opening the thumb #ej4jj ,with traction rod attachment for opening thumb by shoulder movement #fj4jj ,for ,deformed ,arm ,no4 #cbd1 page #ff1 represents irregularly formed forearm and hand1 the forearm being considerably shorter than the opposite one4 ,no4 #cbe represents artificial arm and hand made to supply the deficiency4 ,the hand may be wood or rubber and detachable or not at the wrist1 and provision made for the use of implements the same as in case of an amputation4 ,these malformations are treated mechanically the same as amputations4 ,plaster moulds or casts of the deformed parts are required1 together with measurements of the opposite arm and hand4 ,,prices1 ,,no4 #cbe ,with wood or rubber hand #ej4jj ,with wooden hand1 thumb opened by movement of shoulder #fj4jj ,manner of ,attaching ,arm and ,straps ,no4 #cbf illustrates arm for amputation below the elbow1 equipped with shoulder cap1 strap passing around body for holding it in place1 and the attachment for opening the thumb by movement of the opposite shoulder4 ,if thumb is to be opened with the assistance of the sound hand1 this extra strap and traction rod are omitted4 ,illustration3 #cbf ,arm for ,amputation above the ,elbow ,no4 #cbg on the next page represents a wooden arm for amputation above the elbow1 fitted with cord for raising forearm and locking it at right angles4 ,this is operated as shown in ,no4 #ccj1 while the mechanism is the same as shown in detailed drawing ,no4 #ccb4 ,wooden or rubber hand ,no4 #cbh is furnished permanently attached or detachable1 but this arm may be used as a peg1 without hand1 hook ,no4 #caj or other implement being used in place of the hand4 ,it can also be made as a peg without a joint at elbow1 straight or curved to any desired angle4 ,,prices1 ,,no4 #cbg ,including ,hook1 ,knife1 ,fork1 and ,brush ,without elbow joint or hand #cj4jj ,without hand1 but with elbow joint without gearing for raising forearm #ce4jj ,without hand1 but with elbow joint with gearing for raising forearm #dj4jj ,with wooden or rubber hand permanently attached1 without the implements and without gearing for raising forearm #ej4jj ,with gearing for raising forearm #fj4jj ,with detachable wooden or rubber hand1 including implements1 without gearing for raising forearm #fj4jj ,with gearing for raising forearm #fe4jj ,manner of ,attaching ,no4 #ccj represents the corset that is used with arms for upper amputation4 ,the arm is laced or buckled to the corset1 and draught cord in the back is for raising the forearm by a shrug of the shoulders4 ,ball-and-,socket ,wrist ,joint for ,amputation above the ,elbow ,no4 #cca represents wooden arm for amputation above the elbow1 with ball-and-socket wrist joint4 ,an explanation of the ball-and-socket wrist for amputation below the elbow is given on page #fi under ,no4 #cbc4 ,the joint is universal and admits of placing the hand in any position1 as shown by dotted lines4 ,this is kept in place by spring friction on the ball4 ,the wrist cannot be made quite the natural shape--that we are able to produce without the ball-and-socket joint2 but this must be1 necessarily1 round4 ,this part1 however1 is usually covered with the cuff or sleeve and is not conspicuous4 ,illustration3 #cbg #cbh #cbi #ccj #cca #ccb #ccc #ccd #cce ,no4 #ccb is a sectional view of the arm and hand4 ,a forward impulse of the shoulder and stump causes traction of the cord1 moving the geared segment wheels so as to raise the forearm to any degree of flexion1 when it is retained in position by means of a latch passing through a spring post and locking automatically4 ,the wearer is enabled to conveniently carry a coat1 shawl1 basket1 etc41 on the artificial arm4 ,a pressure on the button underneath the arm releases the lock1 and the forearm is again under control of the stump and shoulders4 ,the spring in the hand is for keeping the thumb in position and is the same as we put in all hands with movable thumb4 ,,price1 ,,no4 #cca ,with wood or rubber hand #gj4jj ,combination ,table ,knife and ,fork ,no4 #ccc1 page #gb1 represents one of these useful implements1 designed and made expressly for those who have been deprived of the use of one hand1 and no such person can afford to be without one for a day4 ,the blade is thin steel1 ground to a sharp edge and terminating in a fork4 ,a rolling motion will cut the food1 and a twist of the hand will bring the fork into position for use4 ,no4 #ccd represents a leather sheath into which the knife can be inserted4 ,,prices1 ,,nos4 #ccc ,,and #ccd ,redwood handle #j4fj ,ebony handle 4#ge ,bone handle #a4jj ,ivory handle #c4jj ,pearl handle #d4jj ,sheath1 extra 4#be ,pocket ,knife for ,one-armed ,persons ,no4 #cce1 page #gb1 represents a simple1 serviceable knife that can be operated quickly and conveniently with one hand4 ,a pull of the thumb opens the blade slot1 the blade drops down and out and is securely locked2 invert the knife1 with the blade up1 and a pull of the thumb allows it to drop back into the handle4 ,,prices1 ,,no4 #cce ,five and one-half inches long when opened #j4ej ,nine inches long when opened #a4jj ,,sundries ,,trusses made to order with guaranteed success2 hard rubber1 celluloid1 leather1 wire and elastic4 ,all desirable styles are carried in stock4 ,mechanical treatment of difficult cases of hernia a specialty4 ,truss supplies and repairs4 ,send for truss catalogue4 ,,elastic ,,stockings for varicose veins and weak or swollen joints4 ,send for prices and directions for measurements4 ,,abdominal ,,supporters ,,and ,,obesity ,,belts4 ,large variety in elastic and non-elastic4 ,special supporters1 our own pattern1 for use after abdominal operations4 ,,deformity ,,appliances for paralyzed and weak limbs made to order4 ,,rawhide ,,jackets for curvature of the spine4 ,these are light1 rigid and porous and a great improvement over the plaster or leather jackets4 ,,tricycles ,,for ,,cripples4 ,hand and foot power1 with ball bearings and rubber-cushion or pneumatic tires4 ,we are special agents for these machines1 as we are for invalid chairs4 ,send for tricycle catalogue4 ,,surgical ,,bandages1 ,,suspensories1 ,,uterine ,,supporters1 ,,etc4 ,crutches and ,crutch ,supplies ,we sell only the best quality of these goods and such as can be absolutely relied upon4 ,sent on receipt of price1 or ,c4,o4,d4 if order is accompanied with a deposit of one dollar to cover express charges if for any reason the crutches are returned to us4 ,special crutches will be made to order for such as desire something different from the regular line1 but advance payment is required4 ,our crutch catalogue gives more complete descriptions than the brief ones given here and will be forwarded to any who apply for it4 ,illustration3 #a #b #d #e #f #ag #ba #bi #cb #ce #dd ,no4 #a--,spring top1 socket and jaw bottom4 ,prices1 per pair3 ,rosewood or lancewood1 #i4ej2 extra heavy1 #aj2 rock maple1 #g2 extra heavy1 #h4 ,no4 #b--;,cow-horn top4 ,rock maple1 cherry tops and hand rests4 ,prices1 per pair3 ,quality ,a1 plain ferrule bottom1 #b4ej2 extra heavy1 #c4 ,quality ,c1 with ,no4 #ce bottom1 ,no4 #cb cushion1 #c4ge2 extra heavy1 #d4ej4 ,no4 #d--,plain ,split4 ,rock maple1 cherry tops and hand rests1 no ferrule at bottom4 ,price1 per pair1 #a4ej4 ,no4 #e--,padded top4 ,rock maple1 cherry tops and hand rests4 ,prices1 per pair3 ,quality ,a1 plain ferrule at bottom1 #b4ej2 extra heavy1 #c4 ,quality ,b1 ,no4 #ce socket1 ,no4 #cb cushion1 #c4ge2 extra heavy1 #d4ej4 ,no4 #f--;,hard top1 socket and jaw bottom4 ,prices1 per pair3 ,rosewood or lancewood1 #i4ej2 extra heavy1 #aj2 rock maple1 rosewood tops and hand rests1 #g2 extra heavy1 #h4 ,no4 #ba--,socket and jaw bottom4 ,medium size1 #b per pair2 large size1 #b4ej per pair4 ,no4 #dd jaws with flange bottom used without extra charge4 ,no4 #ce--,sockets4 ,two sizes1 #a per pair4 ,no4 #bi--,pure gum white rubber cushions4 ,medium size1 #ej cents per pair2 large size1 #ge cents per pair4 ,no4 #ag--,rubber tips to slip on over end of crutches or cane4 ,various sizes4 ,prices1 three-eighths to one inch1 #bj cents per pair4 ,in corresponding1 if the following questions are answered it will give us a very good idea of your condition and will better enable us to judge what will be suitable for you in the way of an artificial limb4 ,give the number as it appears before the question and then the answer to the question4 #a4 ,your name #b4 ,post office #c4 ,county #d4 ,state #e4 ,age #f4 ,weight #g4 ,height #h4 ,occupation #i4 ,leg or arm amputated #aj4 ,when amputated #aa4 ,right or left #ab4 ,above or below elbow or knee #ac4 ,if above1 give length from body #ad4 ,if below1 give length from knee pan or elbow joint #ae4 ,what is condition of stump #af4 ,can you take any pressure on end of stump #ag4 ,cause of amputation #ah4 ,ever use an artificial limb #ai4 ,if so1 what style and make1 and how long #bj4 ,was it satisfactory #ba4 ,if not1 why #bb4 ,have you one of our new catalogues #bc4 ,would it be an inducement for you to give us an order if we sent a man to take your measurements #bd4 ,if we did so1 would you stand a part of the expense #be4 ,do you wish to work for a free artificial limb premium8 ,if so1 we will send you particulars ,is there any special information you would like on the subject of artificial limbs8 ,if so1 let us know what it is1 and we will do the best we can to enlighten you4 ,date ,chasmar-,winchell ,new ,york and ,pittsburg