,transcriber's ,note3 ,a list of spelling and accent corrections appears at the end of this e,book4 ,,the ,,langham ,,series ,,an ,,illustrated ,,collection ,,of ,,art ,,monographs ,,edited ,,by ,,selwyn ,,brinton1 ,m4,a4 ,,the ,,langham ,,series ,,of ,,art ,,monographs ,,edited ,,by ,,selwyn ,,brinton1 ,m4,a4 ,,vol4 ,i4--,,bartolozzi ,,and ,,his ,,pupils ,,in ,,england4 ,by ,,selwyn ,,brinton1 ,m4,a4 ,,vol4 ,,ii4--,,colour-,,prints ,,of ,,japan4 ,by ,,edward ,f4 ,,strange4 ,,vol4 ,,iii4--,,the ,,illustrators ,,of ,,montmartre4 ,by ,,frank ,l4 ,,emanuel4 ,,vol4 ,,iv4--,,auguste ,,rodin4 ,by ,,rudolph ,,dircks1 ,author of 8,verisimilitudes0 and 8,the ,libretto40 ,,vol4 ,v4--,,venice ,,as ,,an ,,art ,,city4 ,by ,,albert ,,zacher4 ,nearly ready ,,vol4 ,,vi4--,,london ,,as ,,an ,,art ,,city4 ,by ,mrs4 ,,steuart ,,erskine1 ,author of 8,lady ,diana ,beauclerc10 c4 ,in the ,press ,these volumes will be artistically presented and profusely illustrated1 both with colour plates and photogravures1 and neatly bound in art canvas4 #as4 #f;d4 net1 or in leather1 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,illustration3 ,,steinlen ,,trottin 7,dressmaker's ,apprentice7 ,,the ,,illustrators ,,of ,,montmartre ,,by ,,frank ,l4 ,,emanuel ,a4 ,,siegle #b ,,langham ,,place1 ,,london1 ,w4 #aijd ,illustration ,all rights reserved ,,to ,,my ,,brothers ,,charles ,,walter ,,alfred ,,illustrations #a4 ,,dressmaker',s ,,apprentice 7,by ,steinlen7 ,frontispiece ,facing page #b4 ,a 8,,montmartre ,,tapestry0 ,,design 7,by ,steinlen7 #b #c4 ,,on ,,an ,,exterior ,,boulevard 7,by ,steinlen7 #f #d4 ,r,,volution 7,by ,steinlen7 #aj #e4 ,,en ,,promenade 7,by ,steinlen7 #ad #f4 ,,the ,,combat 7,by ,caran d',ache7 #ai #g4 ,,at ,,the ,,moulin ,,rouge 7,by ,de ,toulouse ,lautrec7 #bd #h4 ,,portrait ,,of ,,de ,,toulouse ,,lautrec 7,f4 ,l4 ,emanuel7 #be #i4 ,,yvette ,,guilbert 7,by ,de ,toulouse ,lautrec7 #bh #aj4 8,,mimi ,,pinson1 ,,tu ,,iras ,,en ,,paradis0 7,by ,willette7 #cc #aa4 ,,portrait ,,of ,,drumont 7,by ,vallotton7 #ch #ab4 ,,portrait ,,of ,,louis ,,morin 7,by ,morin7 #da #ac4 ,,knife ,,grinders 7,by ,huard7 #di #ad4 ,,psychologue 7,by ,malteste7 #fb #ae4 ,a ,,moulin ,,rouge ,,poster 7,by ,de ,toulouse ,lautrec7 #ff #af4 ,,rudolph ,,salis 7,by ,landre7 #gc #ag4 ,,les ,,chanteurs ,,de ,,montmartre 7,by ,landre7 #gh #ah4 ,l,,andre 7,by ,landre7 #hj #ai4 ,,deux ,,amis 7,by ,landre7 #hb #bj4 ,,pierrot1 ,,artiste-,,peintre 7,by ,willette7 #hf ,,contents ,,chapter ,i ,a4 ,,steinlen ,a painter's painter--,his field of operations--,the 8,chat ,noir0--,his sympathies and work ,pp4 #a-ad ,,chapter ,,ii ,,caran ,d',,ache ,the quality of his humour--,his life and military training--,his 8uvre0 ,pp4 #ae-ba ,,chapter ,,iii ,h4 ,,de ,,toulouse ,,lautrec ,a pathetic life-story--,student days--,comet-like career and sad end ,pp4 #bb-bh ,,chapter ,,iv ,p4 ,,balluriau ,the modern ,boucher ,pp4 #bi-cb ,,chapter ,v ,f4 ,,vallotton ,his vigorous technique--,the 8,enfantillistes0 and the strong men--,his woodcuts ,pp4 #cd-ci ,,chapter ,,vi ,l4 ,,morin ,a ,watteau of our day--,his spirituality1 and distinction as a writer--,the 8,chat ,noir0 shadow plays ,pp4 #dj-dg ,,chapter ,,vii ,c4 ,,huard ,the portrayer of provincials--,his insight into character ,pp4 #dh-ef ,,chapter ,,viii ,j4 ,w,,ly ,his grace and 8esprit0--,the modern choice of medium for drawing for reproduction ,pp4 #eg-fa ,,chapter ,,ix ,l4 ,,malteste ,drawing under difficulties--,strong and serious work ,pp4 #fb-ff ,,chapter ,x ,j4 ,l4 ,,forain ,subtlety of technique and forceful caustic wit ,pp4 #fg-ga ,,chapter ,,xi ,c4 ,l,,andre ,an irresistible caricaturist--,the influence of ,renouard--,his theatre of work ,pp4 #gb-hj ,,chapter ,,xii ,,conclusion ,temperament of ,montmartre and her ,free ,lances--,plea for a ,national ,gallery of ,black and ,white ,art ,pp4 #ha-hc ,i ,a4 ,,steinlen ,there is no modern illustrator whose work has more completely won the admiration of his fellows of the brush1 whatever their predilection in art1 than ,steinlen4 ,be the studio in ,paris1 in ,london1 in ,munich1 be it even in ,timbuctoo1 from some discreet corner will be drawn a treasured copy or two of ,gil ,blas ,illustr illustrated by ,steinlen--forthwith to be discussed1 and as surely lauded without stint4 ,this is not to imply that ,steinlen is what is termed 8a painter's painter0 and nothing more2 for the artist we are now considering is one of the few who are sufficiently great to have captured the warmest appreciation from the public at large1 as well as from the critical ranks of his fellow workers4 ,illustration ,the 8painters' painter0 is1 as a rule1 if nothing else1 a master of technique1 one whose work shows on the face of it the sheer joy evinced in the skilful manipulation of the medium employed--the exceptions to this rule being the men whose work reflects some subtle or involved workings of the brain1 and whose great thoughts are felt to outweigh the shortcomings of faulty technique4 ,they are of course styled 8painters' painters0 because their work appeals to artists and other highly trained critics2 and it is useless to expect any but the most sensitive among the public to appreciate them4 ,in smoothness and 8softness0 consists the acme of technical perfection in the eyes of the untrained1 who1 as regards figure subjects1 prefer something which appears to the artist to be inane and common-place1 and as regards landscape subjects1 insipid prettiness is always preferred to greatness or originality of view4 ,in either case an excess of detail is a 8sine qu non10 and such plbiscites as have been taken in ,england have almost invariably proved that the inferior painters are the most popular4 ,yet1 occasionally a great artist arises who will upset these canons1 and compel the admiration of connoisseur and public alike2 such an one is ,steinlen4 ,just as it may be presumed that ,j4 ,f4 ,millet's popularity extends to all classes1 so is it certain that the 8,millet of the streets0 will be equally widely and lastingly appreciated4 ,the pioneer work that ,millet did in interpreting the toilsome life of the ,french peasantry has been extended by ,steinlen to the denizens--reputable and disreputable--of the nearer suburbs of ,paris4 ,born in ,lausanne1 he was trained for the church2 and we may feel sure that had he joined that profession he would have been a forcible advocate of the poor and the ill-favoured1 and that his blunt honesty of diction would have dealt his congregation some rude shocks indeed4 ,this was not to be1 however1 for the art in the man would out4 ,in #ahhb he journeyed to ,paris2 there to undergo much privation and many hardships before getting a foothold in the form of a drawing accepted by the paper ,le ,chat ,noir1 which was to prove the first rung on his ladder to fame4 ,illustration ,rudolph ,salis' artistic cabaret of the 8,black ,cat0 was the editorial office of this paper1 and at the same time a centre of all that was ,bohemian and daring and go-ahead1 a forcing ground of impatient talent4 ,these first notable studies by ,steinlen were of cats and of children4 ,it was here that our artist met the authors whose work he was later to illustrate2 more particularly he struck up a friendship with that fierce poet cabaretier1 ,aristide ,bruant1 whose powerful and terror-striking poems dealt with the very world that interested ,steinlen to the quick1 and provided him with the stimulus for many of his finest drawings4 ,they both show us the1 to us1 shabby joys of the faubouriens1 and their terrible struggles with one another and with ,dame ,fortune4 ,steinlen's field of labour has been in the so-called eccentric quarters of ,paris--that is to say1 on that soiled fringe of nondescript outlying districts of the ,ville ,lumire1 which is separated from the city proper by the circlet of shabby-genteel exterior boulevards4 ,many of these suburbs were at one time peaceful1 outlying villages2 but they have now been swallowed1 and more or less thoroughly digested1 by the metropolis4 ,thus it comes that many of them consist of a queer mixture of humble rustic abodes jostling against towering blocks of tenement buildings1 or busy factories for ever being pressed outwards by the expanding city4 ,no less incongruous than these streets are their inhabitants1--chiefly composed of armies upon armies of toiling workers1 while there is nevertheless an effervescing sediment or substratum of those who live by violence and crime4 ,the less successful of those who trade on the weaknesses and follies of a vicious city are forced by circumstances to live in these cheaper suburbs1 just as are the poorest of the honest classes2 and this is so despite the fact that throughout ,paris the upper stories of all flats are occupied by the lower1 or at any rate the poorer1 classes4 ,curiosity1 and a search for novel experiences wherewith to whet their jaded appetites1 brought numbers of roysterers of a higher social grade to the places of amusement affected by this poverty-stricken and criminal population4 ,these same humble places of amusement1 more particularly round and about ,montmartre rapidly flourished out of all recognition of their former selves1 and until the recent waning of the craze others were frequently being added to the list4 ,this influx added to the complex character of such neighbourhoods4 ,artists1 authors1 and other persons of more or less ,bohemian tastes1 many of them men of great renown and genius1 have ever found their home on the commanding heights of the ,montmartre cliff4 ,illustration ,among them ,steinlen has settled1 perched high over the myriad glittering roofs and towers and domes of ,paris1 which lies seething far below4 ,the roar and clatter of the great city reach his window but fitfully1 as the sounds are hurried hither and thither on the wings of wayward breezes1 the while great stretches of urban landscape are plunged into purple shadow or bathed in golden sunlight as the fleeting clouds chase one another across the great dome of sky4 ,most of the artists to be referred to in this little volume are intimately connected with this same breezy1 turbulent suburb1 and also with the before-mentioned 8,chat ,noir04 ,this cabaret1 founded and carried on by ,salis1 himself an artist1 for years attracted le tout ,paris by means of its runions of the most up-to-date artists1 authors1 and actors1 and its unique theatre4 ,along with its sprightly1 risky weekly paper it would form matter for a weighty volume of itself4 ,the students from the ,quartier ,latin1 moreover1 came to share their joyous1 reckless hours of leisure between their own beloved neighbourhood of the ,boul' ,mich'1 and the far-away ,mount of the ,windmills--,montmartre4 ,peasants1 workgirls1 the starving1 the insane1 the destitute1 those who are fighting misery and those who are making it1 garrotters1 thieves1 murderers1 and a large assortment of parasitical ruffians as well1 have all found a sympathetic student and recorder in ,steinlen4 ,he understands them1 he has a big heart1 and he pities them all1 and what is more he makes us1 willy-nilly1 pity them also4 ,he delights in showing us that one little touch of remaining nature that makes the whole world akin1 and will out in his most abandoned wretch4 ,he makes us feel that his criminals are what nature and cruel circumstances have led them to be4 ,never does he descend to the narrow-minded1 short-sighted1 spiteful views of current events1 discernible in the work of so many of his talented confrres4 ,the firm tenderness of his nature reveals itself in the very lines of his drawings1 which1 as if to counterbalance the brilliant vivacity of the work of so many ,french illustrators1 display a sturdy thoroughness and sanity4 ,a notable feature about his work is that--although he depicts the most depraved and immoral1 as well as the most poverty-stricken of his fellow citizens--it cannot be said to be low or vulgar4 ,his drawings of simple peasant life have all the air of having been undertaken as a relaxation from the contemplation of more lurid subjects4 ,he sallies forth among his chance models1 sketch-book in hand1 ready to put down notes of salient features and expressive poses1 later to be incorporated in the wonderfully complete drawings which are shown to the public4 ,steinlen is a prolific worker4 ,first in importance among the many publications whose pages he has enriched comes the ,gil ,blas ,illustr4 ,it was ,steinlen who initiated the idea of this ,paris daily paper issuing a halfpenny supplement on ,sundays containing feuilletons and poetry1 illustrated with drawings to be reproduced in two or more colours4 ,since the year #ahia1 and until recently1 the front and frequently other pages of this paper have consisted of splendid drawings by him1 as a rule depicting some terrible or pathetic episode in the lives of the faubouriens or faubouriennes to whom we have already alluded4 ,in every case a background1 equally masterly and full of local character1 has been introduced4 ,this series of essentially modern subjects was occasionally varied by the appearance of a drawing such as the ,chevalier la ,fe or ,les ,digitales1 inspired by some medival incident or legend4 ,these ,steinlen would treat in an entirely different but equally successful manner--the style employed somewhat resembling that of another masterly designer1 namely1 ,eugne ,grasset4 ,of his more usual style to pick out such splendid drawings as his suicide in l'eau1 the terrible street fight in the ,voix du ,sang or ,le ,vagabond1 ,l',immolation1 ,pour les ,amoureux et pour les ,oiseaux1 ,marchand de ,marrons or #ad ,juillet1 is but to recall hundreds of others equally worthy of special attention4 ,in #ahie the ,gil ,blas employed more colours in its reproductions1 and ,steinlen rose to the occasion with some daring colour schemes exemplified in ,la ,terre ,chante au ,crpuscule1 ,le ,poil de ,carotte and many another drawing4 ,towards #ahif the range of his subjects noticeably widened4 ,among other publications to which he has contributed one recalls ,le ,chambard1 in which appeared splendid lithographs from his own hand1 ,la ,feuille1 ,l',assiette au ,beurre1 ,la ,vie en ,rose1 ,le ,canard ,sauvage1 etc4 ,in the following music albums will be found some further superb lithographs by ,steinlen1 namely1 ,chanson de ,montmartre1 ,chansons du ,quartier ,latin1 and ,chanson de ,femmes4 ,among the books he has illustrated are3 ,les ,gaits ,bourgeois1 ,prison fin de ,sicle1 ,dans la ,rue1 and ,dans la ,vie--the latter in colour4 ,description of a few of his notable drawings1 culled here and there1 may help us to a better understanding of their quality4 ,first1 then1 he shows us the gallery of some dark1 putrid ,assembly ,hall2 the air is thick with garlic1 and oaths1 and gas1 whose garish light illuminates a disreputable mob of frenzied anarchists1 who are applauding with delirious gusto the sentiments of 8,down with everything10 8,death to every one40 ,illustration3 ,,steinlen ,,revolution 7,lithographed ,poster7 ,next we are taken to some dull1 superstitious ,breton hamlet2 a blind and crippled tramp has arrived1 hobbling through on crutches4 ,we feel that his infirmities have hardly saved him from a career of violence4 ,we can almost hear his raucous appeal for alms1 as it falls on the ears of a group of simple village children1 pitying1 yet more than half-fearing1 the uncanny stranger--just as they did the chained bear that passed through a week before4 ,less gruesome is a great healthy farmer's lass1 surrounded by cocks and hens and clattering her wooden shoon across the cobbled farmyard2 or the two fresh little laundry girls1 swinging along laden with three great baskets of clean linen4 8,look out6 there's another of those beastly bicycles10 says one of them2 8and on ,sunday too10 comments the other4 ,then again there are idyllic scenes on the sordid ,paris fortifications1 or yet further afield4 ,trompe la ,mort shows us a crowd of humble folk scandal-mongering in hushed tones1 their tittle-tattle provoked to its utmost by the climax indicated in the background by a sombre hearse4 ,another drawing transports us to the midst of a crowd in quite a different frame of mind4 ,a hue and cry has been raised1 and an infuriated mob is tearing down the street at the heels of its hapless prey4 ,next we see one of the many drawings dealing with a side of life which in less safe hands might be offensive4 ,an unctuous old harpy waylays two fresh little workgirls1 and insidiously lays the seeds which1 to her profit1 shall lead to their downfall4 ,steinlen occasionally1 if rarely1 makes drawings of which humour is the motive power4 ,among these ,i recall a caf-concert study of his4 ,yvette ,guilbert1 at that time as thin as a lath1 holds the stage1 and among the audience is a great1 porpoise-like woman who says1 threateningly to her poor1 inoffensive little wisp of a husband--8,perhaps that's your style4444 ,satyr40 ,one of his most charming drawings reproduced in colour in ,le ,rire is called 8le bon ,gte40 ,the hapless ,krger1 all war stained1 is seated in some peaceful ,dutch cottage1 where ,queen ,wilhelmina1 as an awe-struck peasant lassie1 fills for him the pipe of peace1 the while her martial ,german husband eagerly engages the old man in fighting his battles over again4 ,nor can we forget the splendid double-page drawing that appeared in ,l',assiette au ,beurre for ,may #bc1 #aija4 ,here we see a big boy's seminary1 representing the ,french army of the future1 the hope of the country1 going out for its daily walk in charge of a number of priests--every one of them a monument of craftiness1 superstition or bigoted intolerance1 thus representing the power that poisoned a great nation's sense of justice during the hateful period of the ,dreyfus trials4 ,then again in the same paper for ,june #bg1 #aija1 appears among others one of his most notable drawing1 a veritable tour de force1 representing the harrowing scene of the identification of corpses after the dynamite explosion at ,issy4 ,it is interesting to compare such powerful work as this with one of his earliest successes1 namely the illustrations to ,les ,gaits ,bourgeoises1 a set of chic and delicate little pen-drawings instinct with humour and gaiety4 ,steinlen is a giant in the artistic poster movement4 ,some of his productions were lithographs in colour of enormous size1 each printed from as many as thirty different lithographic stones4 ,here and there a poster would give him the opportunity to introduce some of the marvellous drawings of cats for which he is so justly renowned2 and in this connection we cannot forbear mentioning two splendid drawings of cocks which appeared in the earlier numbers of ,cocorico1 as well as some wonderfully spirited comic drawings of frogs in a volume entitled 8,entre de ,clowns40 ,those who keep an eye on the picture galleries of the ,paris streets can never forget1 so splendid was their design and colouring1 ,steinlen's great posters for ,la ,rue1 or the equally long and fresco-like groups of realistic ,parisian types advertising the 8,affiches ,charles ,verneau40 ,then1 who does not love the 8,lait ,pur ,sterilis0 poster with its golden-haired little girl in scarlet drinking out of a saucer1 while three inimitable cats beg at her knee4 ,his poster for ,zola's 8,paris0 was a poem in itself2 and in the 8,tourne du ,chat ,noir0 the noble beast concerned is treated to a glory of decoration4 ,then there are his daring 8,la ,feuille0 poster1 his 8,yvette ,guilbert10 and many another1 not to mention programme covers and such smaller game4 ,finally1 ,steinlen has produced charming etchings1 both in colour and in black and white1 and such splendid oil paintings as ,les ,blanchisseuses4 ,illustration3 ,,steinlen ,gil ,blas ,illustr ,,en ,,promenade 7,pen drawing7 ,,ii ,,caran ,d',,ache ,emmanuel ,poir1 better known by his ,russian pseudonym of ,caran d',ache 7pencil71 is a public benefactor1 in that he has considerably added to the gaiety of nations2 and if it be true that one laughs and grows fat1 then he must also be responsible for much of the extra weight that those nations carry with them4 ,the man upon whom one may count to make one merry is sure to be popular4 ,caran d',ache1 as we have already hinted1 has made whole nations merry1 and he is a popular favourite4 ,it is true that sometimes his own infectious laughter is cynical1 or spiteful1 or cruel to a minority1 but he always has the majority to laugh with him1 and follow him in his pictured tirades--be they well-considered or ill-considered4 ,but1 after all1 that is perhaps a matter of politics1 or nationality1 or religion1 or what not2 and the fact remains that his drawings are irresistibly humorous1 and are always excellent works of art4 ,caran d',ache was born in ,moscow1 of ,french parents1 but when twenty years of age he came to ,paris1 where his innate talent soon evinced itself4 ,while undergoing his military service in the early eighties his unquenchable passion for drawing was put by the authorities to their practical use1 in making studies of past and current military uniforms for the ,war ,office4 ,the costumes of the glorious ,napoleonic era and of ,germany were made a speciality1 and the knowledge thus acquired was carefully retained by the young artist1 and served him in good stead in his later years4 ,caran d',ache1 like every thorough-going ,frenchman1 preserves his love for the army1 incidents in whose life he is never tired of depicting with that spirited brilliance we have come to know so well4 ,and the military officer's smartness of bearing has stuck to him1 for he is recognised as an 8ultra chic01--a very dandy among the illustrators1 and an eccentric one at that4 ,yet at the same time he refuses to associate himself with the smart set in ,paris2 he has too much of the artist temperament for that4 ,he was early attracted to the 8,chat ,noir0 on the ,butte of ,montmartre1 and ,rudolph ,salis--that keen exploiter or genial art patron1 which you will--was not long in appreciating the talent of his client4 ,soon we hear of him achieving an artistic triumph with his astoundingly perfect shadow pantomime1 ,l',epope1 at the little 8,chat ,noir0 ,theatre4 ,caran d',ache had spared no trouble to make his silhouettes and the effects in which they were set as perfect as possible4 ,no greater pains could have been taken preliminary to the painting of a series of ,salon pictures2 and he reaped fame as his reward4 8,l',epope0 dealt with ,napoleon's succession of military triumphs4 ,opportunity was thus early given to ,m4 ,poir to display his astonishing knowledge of the horse in all its varied attitudes4 ,the horse he delights and excels in is a magnificent1 proud1 high-mettled beast1 whom he puts at some breakneck charge1 or causes to career about in high-strung excitement4 ,caran d',ache's army horses are not surpassed even by those of such acknowledged masters as ,meissonier and ,dtaille4 ,the ,studio published some splendid equine studies of his a year or so ago1 which must have been a revelation to those who had previously looked on ,caran d',ache as a comic artist and nothing more4 ,his drawings have been produced in innumerable papers1 magazines1 and books1 and are for ever being re-reproduced abroad4 ,collections of his caricatures have been published as 8,l',album ,caran-d'-,ache10 8,bric-a-,brac10 8,le ,carnet de ,cheques10 8,la ,comdie du ,jour10 8,les ,courses dans l',antiquit10 8,fantaisies10 8,galrie ,comique10 8,les ,peintres chez-eux10 apart from his illustrations to 8,c'est prendre ou laisser10 8,prince ,kozakokoff10 8,malbrough10 c4 ,more recently 8,l',album0 published a selection of his works1 including some drawings done in a bolder style than that which he generally produces for reproduction1--such are the ,battery of ,dreadnoughts1 bold and grim1 and the splendid ,charge4 ,in the drawing of himself there is a good specimen of those caricature portraits for which he is so renowned4 ,his work appeared in the pages of ,tout ,paris1 ,la ,vie ,moderne1 ,la ,revue ,illustre1 and ,le ,chat ,noir1 c42 superb military sketches came out in ,la ,caricature2 and every week he carries on a running fire of pencilled commentary in ,le ,journal1 and ,le ,figaro1 contributing at the same time to ,le ,canard ,sauvage1 and ,le ,rire4 ,a special number of the latter paper entitled ,tactique et ,stratgie consisted of a short series of vigorous military cartoons1 representing various epochs1 drawn on a large scale1 and some of them reproduced in colours4 ,however1 it is by his stories without words that ,caran d',ache has attracted most attention1 and1 it must be confessed1 they are simply captivating4 ,comic stories have been told by the same means in ,germany for half a century or more1 but ,caran d',ache is credited with having introduced the progressive drawing into ,france4 ,caran d',ache's little tales need not a syllable of explanation4 ,all is told by the subtlest of alterations in the expressions on the faces of his figures1 in the movements of their bodies1 or of other animated or inanimate bodies2 there is never any mistaking the gist of a ,caran d',ache story4 ,his attention to detail is marvellous1 yet everything takes its right place1 and the venue is never confused4 ,illustration3 8,,the ,,combat0 ,nothing could better than--say--the set of thirty-eight drawings entitled ,m4 ,toutbeau catches the #e4ag a4m4 ,express4 ,we trace the dear1 fat old fellow through all his agony4 ,he is asleep4 ,he wakes in a perspiration of fright--ten to five--on with them--that accursed tight boot--almost forgot to wash--tie--good gracious1 seven to--hallo1 there goes a button--,palsembleu6--#e o'clock--hair done--now for my coat--,i shall never do it6 ,and so on1 through all the terrors of hasty packing1 ringings for the servant1 getting1 discussing and paying the hotel bill--umbrella left behind and recovered at the last moment--the dash into a crawling cab--and then ,mr4 ,toutbeau is seen beaming in his first-class railway carriage4 ,who does not know the ,great ,expectations set1 wherein the expectant nephew1 to his joy1 is telegraphed for by his dying uncle2 and how the latter miraculously gets stronger and plumper day by day1 just as the erstwhile buoyant and vigorous nephew's growing disappointment drags him visibly nearer and nearer to an untimely grave4 ,then there is the little set of three ,shooting ,impressions of my ,friend ,marius1 who presumably hails from the ,midi4 ,first he is in the ,north of ,france with his gun and his dog--nothing in sight1 no game at all6 ,next he is in the ,midlands1 both man and dog are happier1 ,there's just a little1 and a bird has been bagged4 ,lastly1 he's in his beloved and romantic ,midi and there's too much2 there's no room to walk for the game2 they press round and caress the bloodthirsty ,marius1 a hare is making up to the dog1 and one confiding game bird has brought its nest of young and actually settled with them on the gun barrel6 ,another splendid set is that of ,the ,finest ,conquest of ,man1 wherein is traced the marvellous horsemanship of a swell1 who1 with the greatest of ease and suavity1 completely subdues a very demon of a horse4 ,but we could proceed thus ad infinitum and yet never give an idea of the wonderful spirit of the drawings1 which must be seen to be loved4 ,most of them are executed with a thin1 very precise and sensitive line4 ,how successfully he can manage bold masses when necessary we can judge by his excellent ,cossack poster for the 8,exposition ,russe10 or in those used to advertise the exhibition of his own works at the ,fine ,art ,society1 ,london1 in #ahih4 ,,iii ,h4 ,,de ,,toulouse ,,lautrec ,lautrec is one of those artists whose work is so uneven and out of the ordinary1 that opinions as to its merits or demerits will ever remain as strongly divided now that he is gone1 as ever they were during his lifetime4 ,his short life work consists of a mixed series of talented absurdities1 and of veritable tours de force4 ,his genius1 alas6 was of the species that borders on insanity4 ,occasionally the border was overstepped4 ,in more ways than one ,aubrey ,beardsley's short life may be compared to that of ,lautrec4 ,his genius was of a similar order1 and as one examines his work1 so will one be inclined first to call him an unwholesome incompetent1 and next feel convinced that he is a pioneer artist of the first rank4 ,lautrec's life story is a very pathetic one4 ,with him in #aija was extinguished the last remnant of an ancient line of nobles4 ,his father was an amateur sculptor and painter1 who was extremely fond of sport4 ,the family came to live in ,paris in #ahhc4 ,the artist son was a dwarf1 and after fighting hard against his handicap1 and cheerfully entering the ring to tilt successfully for fame1 his mind gave way1 and he died at an early age in his father's castle at ,albi1 after having been confined in a private asylum4 ,lautrec's student days were passed in ,paris at ,cormon's atelier4 ,his work done from the life in the studio did not hold out any great promise of later achievement2 but1 as is often the case1 the untrammelled work he did outside was recognised at once as being out of the ordinary1 and frequently of great merit4 ,he would bring to the studio to show his comrades very clever sketches of types he had encountered during his rambles along the ,boulevards4 ,indeed1 ,lautrec occasionally asserted with some bitterness in after days that it was these studies that had inspired ,steinlen to make the character-drawings through which he had become famous--,steinlen having previously made cats and children his chief study4 ,however this may be1 one has not much patience with such claims4 ,real plagiarism is a detestable thing1 but surely there is room for more than one artist in the field of the life of the poor1 or of the amusements of a huge city like ,paris1 without being suspected of that offence4 ,in any case ,steinlen has treated his subject as no one else has done1 or probably could do4 ,lautrec was deservedly popular with his fellow students2 his excellent wit1 delivered in a strident voice1 and punctuated with the gesticulations of a pair of extraordinarily short arms1 always proved entertaining to those in the midst of whose company he happened to be4 ,his best work is probably to be found amongst his posters and portraits4 ,his illustrations1 except in his earliest work1 as seen in ,paris ,illustr1 more frequently show those crude vagaries of form and colour1 which would point to an unevenly balanced judgment4 ,that ,anquetin's drawings strongly influenced ,lautrec's work is evident1 while ,raffalli1 ,degas and ,renoir were his particular gods in art4 ,whether ,ibels influenced him1 or vice vers1 it is difficult to judge2 but in any case there is a remarkable similarity in the aims and peculiarities of their art4 ,illustration3 ,,de ,,toulouse ,,lautrec ,paris--,collection ,bernheim ,,at ,,the ,,moulin ,,rouge 7,oil-,painting7 ,there is a magnificent poster of the poet-saloon-keeper1 ,aristide ,bruant1 by ,lautrec1 which alone would have been sufficient to place him high among modern artists4 ,bruant in a large soft hat and wrapped in a cloak of a gorgeous subdued blue1 moves with vivid energy across the sheet4 ,his strong face1 printed in grey1 is wonderfully rendered with a few telling strokes4 ,little less attractive is his ,bruant at the ,ambassadeurs ,music ,hall4 ,these are but two of many fine posters1 done since his first essay in #ahhh1 to advertise the stars of that peculiar firmament of the ,cafs ,chantants1 to which ,lautrec was drawn as a moth to the flame4 ,illustration ,he lithographed posters of ,cissy ,loftus1 of the beautiful ,anna ,held1 ,la ,goulue the dancer of the ,moulin ,rouge1 and ,may ,belfort2 and being particularly attracted by the picturesque possibilities of ,yvette ,guilbert1 with her then lithe figure and inevitable long black gloves1 he introduces her into many of his works4 ,then there is a remarkable poster advertising ,babylone d',allemagne1 and a yet more striking one for ,la ,vache ,enrage1 where we see a mad cow charging an old coloured dandy down a street4 ,there is also the startling advertisement for 8,l'artisan moderne10 and the truly terrible 8,at the ,foot of the ,scaffold40 ,apart from these there are his posters 8in little10 and programme-covers1 such as those for ,le ,missionaire and ,l',argent4 ,the very peculiarities and incomprehensibilities inherent in ,lautrec's work were sure to arrest attention1 and demand that scrutiny which is of the very essence of the successful poster4 ,in every one of ,lautrec's poster designs there is something strikingly unusual4 ,very rarely is a figure drawn in its entirety2 the margin cuts off part of it1 otherwise the design would have been too conventional for him4 ,the artiste ,caudieux zig-zags across a stage seen in violent perspective1 while down in a corner is a worried member of the orchestra studying the coming bars4 ,caudieux's head is full of life and pent-up strength1 and the whole movement of this quaintly placed figure is striking in the extreme4 ,jane ,avril's poster shows an anmic-looking artiste doing a high kick on the stage4 ,the foreground is occupied by a monster hand holding the head of a 'cello in the orchestra4 ,the poster for the ,divan ,japonais1 on the other hand1 shows us a lady and gentleman in the audience listening to a singer on the stage1 behind an orchestra4 ,of the singer we see monster black gloves1 and everything but the head2 of the orchestra we are shown two 'cello heads1 and1 of the conductor1 the arms alone4 ,the lady in the foreground--who looks as though she always turned night into day--is wonderfully depicted1 as is her companion1 the dissipated1 bearded swell4 ,perhaps his most graceful work in the poster line is that advertising ,elles4 ,finally in the poster for ,la ,gitane1 an unsavoury actress1 arms akimbo1 who comes right out of the design in the left hand foreground1 smiles over her shoulder at the bold bad brigand who strides1 in shadow1 out of the poster at the top right hand corner4 ,in all these and his other posters the lettering is bold and legible4 ,lautrec's studies in the music halls are uncompromising in their garishness2 he apparently does not attempt to seek beauty where it exists in such small quantities1 or has been so carefully hidden4 ,he delights in the flare and glare1 the powder and paint1 the discords and the inconsistencies of the thing4 ,he prefers the raucous screech of the bold-faced jig1 whose reputation as a songstress rests on her fine limbs1 to the exquisite song of the highly-trained opera singer4 ,he would reject gold in favour of tinsel4 ,yet this same man in another mood would paint a splendid and refined portrait4 ,then there is ,lona ,barrison1 jauntily leading her white horse out of the ring1 followed by her manager with the pale chrome hair and beard2 and then the hideous negro--8,chocolat dancing in a bar40 ,all of these figures1 despite their faulty drawing and their element of caricature1 carry conviction with them4 ,lautrec's travels in ,spain1 in ,england1 ,holland1 and ,belgium seem to have left little impression on his work4 ,it is probable that the unhealthy surroundings and late hours imposed by his studies in caf-concerts1 in green-rooms1 in libertine ballrooms and worse1 hastened the end of that frail1 feverish life--a life like that of a gaudily coloured rocket1 brilliant and soon spent4 ,in his later years he had evinced a great attraction towards the repulsive and the gruesome1 and took a pleasure in seeing medical operations performed4 ,curiously enough1 his studio window overlooked a cemetery4 ,illustration3 ,by ,de ,toulouse ,lautrec ,,yvette ,,guilbert ,,iv ,,paul ,,balluriau ,balluriau is best known as the artist who has supplemented ,steinlen's realism in the pages of the ,gil ,blas ,illustr with drawings full of fancy and imagination4 ,just as we shall call ,morin the ,watteau1 so he may be styled the ,boucher of the modern ,french press4 ,his work1 however1 has not been confined to the pages of ,gil ,blas1 for his gay and irresponsible 7we had almost said reckless and unfettered7 sketches have been noticeable in many another journal of far less steady gait4 ,nor has he restricted himself entirely to allegorical or eighteenth-century pastoral subjects4 ,occasionally he bursts forth as a strong modern realist1 walking sturdily in ,steinlen's steps4 ,balluriau has that thorough knowledge of the human figure which enables him to draw it with freedom and certainty1 and makes him a painter of classical allegories par excellence4 ,further1 he has a broad1 open style1 and a very charming and delicate sense of colour4 ,his favourite medium is apparently the chalk point1 which he handles vigorously2 occasionally1 however1 he varies his method by using pen and ink4 ,for ten years past his brilliant work has graced the pages of ,gil ,blas ,illustr4 ,he is essentially the artist of lovers2 and no better choice of an illustrator for that paper's series1 8,les ,potes de l',amour10 than that of ,paul ,balluriau could have been made4 ,to judge by these illustrations ,cupid has handed over all the resultant knowledge of his long experience to ,balluriau2 for there is very little about the outward signs of love and passion which he has not carefully noted1 thereafter to render in his drawings4 ,from the first shy gesture to the tender murmur of adoration1 and thence1 through the whole gamut1 to the frenzied passion of uncontrollable love--we find the recording crayon of ,balluriau to be ever present4 ,the settings in which he places his graceful lovers1 his ,bacchanalian dances1 his fauns and his nymphs1 are suitably idyllic and beautiful4 ,innumerable are the backgrounds of fair lawns shaded by great trees1 of lovely bowers1 and of secluded nooks in some great park in ,dreamland4 ,perhaps there is some serio-comic difficulty to be settled1 and we see two charming little ladies1 in high powdered coiffures and bared to the waist1 fighting a duel with swords under the trees4 ,or perhaps it is twilight1 and some deep and placid stream murmuring beneath the darkling trees carries on its bosom a fairy bark and its cargo of love4 ,then it is the mysterious hour of moonrise1 and in the shadow of the garden wall1 which climbs serpent-like up hill and down dale1 we shall find our lovers serenely happy1 but hushed by the beauty of the waking night4 ,frequently ,balluriau will carry us back to a century of delicate silks and satins2 and in the broad sunlight will show a band of amorous beaux and belles1 full of the joie de vivre1 and about to start a game of blind man's buff4 ,his figures live within their old-time costumes2 he draws handsome men and beautiful women1 for the ugly or the grotesque rarely attract him4 ,but he has proved in such charming works as his 8,printemps10 and many others1 that he also finds in the lovers of to-day sufficient beauty to include them in his rpertoire4 ,the embrace of the sentimental young student in the felt hat and caped overcoat1 who has just met the darling of his heart in the ,bois de ,boulogne1 is every whit as tender and graceful as is that of the perruqued galant of the eighteenth century1 arrayed in pink satins1 who1 behind a sculptured satyr1 has stolen a kiss from his coy and dainty partner in the last minuet on the sward4 ,look1 in his illustration to 8,badinage ,sentimental10 how natural is the whole scene1 how easy the pose1 and how charming the face of the little ,parisienne1 who listens1 half fearing the ardent words of the young exquisite who is stealing a conversation with her4 ,balluriau also knows how to deal with subjects requiring more vigour of treatment--such as he displays in his ,breton figure subjects4 ,his drawing ,partance is a case in point4 ,the scene is laid in a sailors' cabaret1 on the tiled floor are rough tables1 at and on which sit peaceful groups of ,breton peasants2 and sailor-men and buxom bonnes are bidding each other their last adieux--for the sailors are about to embark in one of the ships we see through the wide-open window4 ,and in the rare drawings where he touches on poverty and serious tragedy he proves himself impressive and capable of deep feeling4 ,his drawings ,la ,toussaint ,hroque1 the terrible beer-house brawl1 ,l't1 and ,un ,mendiant ,rousse1 are worthy of ,steinlen4 ,but it is in his illustrations of classical and allegorical subjects that he stands alone1 and shows his greatest individuality4 ,such subjects as his ,bacchantes1 his weird ,vers le ,sabbat1 his ,chlo1 or his ,la ,mort des ,lys1 to mention but a few in the ,gil ,blas alone1 could have come from no other hand2 for excellency of draughtsmanship combined with trained composition and an exquisitely refined sense of colour1 they are hard to beat4 ,illustration3 ,a4 ,,willette ,courrier ,franais 8,,mimi ,,pinson1 ,,tu ,,iras ,,en ,,paradis60 ,v ,,fr,d,,ric ,,vallotton ,vallotton's work has probably appeared less frequently in the ,french press than that of many of his confrres to whom we are directing our attention4 ,his drawings are marked by a singular boldness of execution2 and his skilful manipulation of masses of pure black gives his work distinction1 and makes them attractive on any page4 ,good draughtsmanship1 and this clever use of unbroken black masses--wherewith to indicate and model both his shadows and his half-tones--is wherein ,vallotton struck out a new line for himself1 and established his individuality4 ,this he did1 too1 at a time when there was a lamentable aberration evident among the ranks of the ,french illustrators4 ,it became the fashion for the comic draughtsmen to draw as though they could not draw--a proceeding which provided a grand opportunity for those who could not draw if they would to join their ranks on even terms1 and to pass as geniuses of a very spirituel order4 ,the irritating group to whom ,i refer1 in its frantic efforts to be original1 hit on the idea of drawing with the navet of the untutored child2 and this rle was for several years acted so thoroughly that some of the papers looked as if their illustrations had been copied from a collection of babies' slates4 ,terrible examples of this evident incapability passing muster as genius may be seen in the ludicrous discords by 8,bob10 and1 in a less degree1 in the many works by ,dpaquit1 ,delaw1 ,rabier and others4 ,midway between this group of soi-disant or actual incompetents1 and the valiant band of thorough unflinching draughtsmen of realism--in whose ranks we find ,renouard1 ,steinlen1 ,landre1 ,huard1 ,malteste1 ,wly1 and others--came an intervening group4 ,their work was1 and is1 extremely interesting4 ,they adopted much of the navet of the enfantillistes1 but wedded to it much knowledge and artistic feeling4 ,in this class one may mention ,lautrec1 who wavered between one group and the other1 ,ibels1 who did much the same1 ,jossot1 who1 amongst a large number of weird drawings1 has produced some really fine1 strong work in black and white and in colour1 ,metivet1 who has similarly produced both classes of work1 ,hermann ,paul1 an undeniably great draughtsman1 and the subject of this chapter1 ,frdric ,vallotton4 ,the curious thing about ,vallotton's drawings is that we do not miss the half-tones2 the unbroken blacks are so skilfully managed that we do not feel the want of ,nature's intervening tones between pure black and pure white4 ,his convention in no wise shocks one1 but gives keen artistic pleasure4 ,this question of the accepting of conventions must strike one as a very remarkable matter4 ,the human face1 in reality covered with a smooth1 soft skin1 delicately gradated in tone and colour1 is quite completely and satisfactorily conveyed to us by ,vallotton1 in a cunning arrangement of black splotches2 while ,huard will model the delicate roundness of a cheek with two or three bold black lines in curves4 ,in both cases we at once realise the truth to ,nature1 and can even from such suggestions conjure up the particular colouring and flesh texture of the person represented4 ,vallotton adds a keen sense of humour to his great ability as a draughtsman4 ,look at his coloured drawing ,don't ,move1 in ,le ,rire1 where we see a petty official and his family1 tidied up for the occasion1 being photographed on a national fte day4 ,a typical photographer1 engrossed in his work1 counts one6 two6 three6 preparatory to removing the cap from his camera4 ,so engrossed in his counting is he that he does not notice that his carefully composed group is becoming rapidly discomposed4 ,in the foreground is fat nou-nou1 beaming down at the youngest hopeful in her arms2 yet more bulgy maman swerves over to tickle her youngest1 while the next eldest clutches her mother's skirts in terror of the great ugly man with the camera4 ,in the background is the father of the family1 looking over his wife's shoulder at the baby2 while he places one hand on the shoulder of his eldest boy1 who is rapidly outgrowing his knickerbockers1 but is nevertheless determined to 8come out well0 in the group4 ,the party is completed by the grown-up sister1 who toys coyly with a straw flower lent her for that exact purpose4 ,a couple of drawings record with equal force and truth the effect on the public of the cry 8,stop ,thief40 ,first we see the excited rabble in full chase2 and then the victim 7absolutely innocent7 being hurried off to the police station by victorious gendarmes1 followed by a gesticulating crowd of knowing ones1 who declare the prisoner is a murderer who has killed a woman and six children4 ,on another page are two street wrestlers1 drawn to the life4 ,one of them is shouting himself hoarse in his endeavours to collect a crowd to witness the marvellous accomplishments of his colleague1 a mountain of flesh who is about to lift a stupendous pair of dumb-bells4 ,yet another coloured drawing in ,le ,rire1 called ,le ,coup de ,main is very remarkable in its composition and handling1 and like most of ,vallotton's work shows an appreciation of ,japanese methods4 ,it depicts a team drawing a huge block of stone which has come to a standstill1 while a group of labouring men are all lending a helping hand to get the huge white mass on the move4 ,illustration3 ,,portrait ,,of ,m4 ,,drumont ,among the papers which ,vallotton has helped to illustrate may be mentioned ,le ,cri de ,paris1 ,le ,sifflet1 and ,le ,canard ,sauvage4 ,the hoardings of ,paris have been enlivened from time to time by vigorous posters by ,vallotton1 a class of work to which his art is eminently adaptable4 ,a most notable example was the bold and telling one he cut on the wood1 for the publisher ,sagot4 ,but it is ,vallotton's portraits of contemporary celebrities that entitle him most to lasting fame4 ,some of these have appeared in the ,french journals1 as a magnificent set of powerful woodcuts1 done in a large style and on a large scale4 ,a fine example of this work was published in ,the ,studio in #ahii1 in a portrait of ,puvis de ,chavannes1 which ,vallotton drew and cut on the wood specially for that journal4 ,a very subtle and delicately coloured reproduction of ,vallotton's work in colour appeared also in ,the ,studio a few years back2 and an excellently rendered landscape woodcut by him appeared in the volume that so fully indicated the claims of modern wood engraving1 namely1 8,l',image40 ,,vi ,,louis ,,morin ,morin is the ,watteau of the modern illustrated press4 ,he is1 so to speak1 an eighteenth-century matre galant of the twentieth century4 ,he inherits ,watteau's gaiety and light-hearted joy in the ftes and intrigues of the butterfly life of a time now gone by--a life half imaginary and half real4 ,his figures tip-toe airily through an atmosphere scented with roses1 ever ready for ardent love-making1 for a stately minuet on the sward1 or for a reckless break-neck dance over the cobble stones4 ,anon his figures laze in swan-like gondolas1 gliding along the moonlit canals of ,venice to the throbbing music of the mandoline4 ,moreover1 all his delightful personages are instinct with life2 they flirt and romp1 and their boisterous gaiety is infectious2 we must laugh with them for sheer joy--aye1 and weep with them1 now and then1 for sheer sorrow4 ,morin wields magic pens and pencils4 ,his lines are full of nerve and verve2 they are impelled by the passionate excitement of the moment1 and can be no mere outcome of patient plodding4 ,if ever an artist's fingertips were the ready1 unquestioning servants of a lively brain1 those fingertips are ,morin's2 in its effervescent spirit and gaiety1 the quality of his brain is essentially ,gallic4 ,illustration3 ,,louis ,,morin 7,by himself7 ,morin was born in ,paris in #ahee1 and was educated 7education being much against his youthful will7 first at ,versailles1 and then at one of the ,paris ,lyces4 ,he was trained as an architect1 but left that profession in favour of sculpture1 producing excellent portrait busts and such exquisite work as his 8,moineau de ,lesbie10 c4 ,as an author ,louis ,morin has gained great distinction4 ,his 8,cabaret du ,puits sans ,vin10 written in #ahhd1 was crowned by the ,acadmie ,franaise1 and further was awarded a gold medal at the ,paris ,exhibition4 ,in #ahhc he had produced 8,jeannik10 a book resulting from a stay in his beloved ,brittany1 and illustrated with eighty-seven drawings of eighteenth century ,brittany4 ,later he travelled in ,italy1 and found inspiration for his book1 8,les ,amours de ,gilles10 which he adorned with #agh spirited sketches of the beaux and belles of ,old ,venice1 their manners and their customs4 ,in #ahhf he wrote and illustrated 8,la ,lgende de ,robert le ,diable10 to charm the little ones4 ,he has also illustrated for his juvenile admirers1 8,pikebikecornegramme10 and 8,dansons la ,capucine02 later he wrote and illustrated with ninety sketches his delightful 8,l',enfant ,prodigue40 ,then there are his works on 8,french ,illustrators10 and on 8,quelques ,artistes de ce ,temps10 as well as 8,dimanches ,parisiens10 with twenty-five etchings by the greatest wood engraver of modern times--,a4 ,lepre4 ,he has also illustrated the following books3 8,vieille ,idylle0 with twelve drypoints1 8,le petit ,chien de la ,marquise10 8,les ,cerisettes10 8,le dernier ,chaptre de mon ,roman10 8,vingt ,masques10 8,carnavals ,parisiens0 7with #agh drawings71 and 8,les ,confidences d'une ,aeule40 ,in the early eighties ,morin started drawing for ,la ,caricature and ,le ,chat ,noir1 and later on for the ,revue ,illustre1 the ,revue des ,lettres et des ,arts1 ,figaro ,illustr1 ,st4 ,nicolas1 ,le ,canard ,sauvage1 ,la ,vie en ,rose1 c4 ,morin was one of the leading spirits of the 8,chat ,noir0 shadow pantomimes1 and produced there in #ahij his enchanting 8,carnaval de ,venise10 in #ahib 8,pierrot ,pornographe10 in #ahid 8,le ,roi dbarque10 and in #ahif 8,l'honnte ,gendarme40 ,in #ahia he produced his pantomime 8,au ,dahomey0 at the ,muse ,grvin4 ,a fair sized room having been acquired as an annexe to the artistic cabaret of the 8,chat ,noir10 a white sheet was fixed at one end of it over a miniature stage1 and surrounded by a quaint and elaborate gold frame4 ,from the wings at the rear were thrown on to the sheet the shadows of marvellous little figures cut out by such artists as ,morin1 the great ,henri ,rivire1 ,caran-d'-,ache1 ,henri ,somm and others1 who thereby achieved great fame4 ,all kinds of ingenious little pieces of machinery and clever combinations were invented and employed to build up the great success1 which proved attractive enough to draw 8all ,paris0 to ,montmartre for some years1 and to fill the pockets of proprietor ,rudolph ,salis1 the 8,king of ,montjoie-,montmartre10 so full that towards #ahig he was enabled to purchase and retire to a noble estate in the country4 ,from this estate1 however1 he was shortly to be recalled by the magnetic attraction of his beloved ,montmartre4 ,illustration ,a glance at the pages of the ,revue des ,quat' ,saisons1 which consists of four dainty parts written and illustrated by ,morin1 serves to give us a very good idea of his later work4 ,each of the quarterly parts is contained in a paper cover embellished with a different design in colour by the artist-author1 which gives one a foretaste of the treat of spices contained within2 for within1 interspersed amongst the larger plates of a refined colouration1 are numberless little masterpieces of pen draughtsmanship1 incredibly gay and graceful and supple4 ,morin herein shows himself a superb draughtsman1 his excited little figures career about the pages1 their shapely forms palpitating and quivering with the joie de vivre4 ,the artist's quick eye has detected the slightest inflection in the body's outline1 caused by some momentary and wayward impulse1 and crystallises the beautiful thing for his own joy and for ours4 ,the intoxication of the carnival pervades the greater part of this book1 whose literary contents consist of a series of chapters on such interesting matters as the 8,courrier ,franais ,ball10 8,the ,ball of the ,medical ,students10 and the final two ,quat'z'arts ,balls--at which latter the ,paris art students and their models used1 until the heavy hand of the law fell upon them1 to vie with one another in producing the most artistic and audacious groups of revellers in 7and without7 fancy dress ever seen4 ,another chapter is devoted to a 8,night ,fte at ,venice0 in the olden time1 with its scenes of love and revelry4 ,yet another1 illustrated with silhouettes such as helped to make the success of the ,chat ,noir ,theatre1 deals with the influence of that institution on latter-day ,art and ,poetry4 ,then follows an article on 8,spanish and ,eastern dances10 illustrated with gracefully whirling votaries of the terpsichorean art2 next comes a chapter on 8,modern ,sculpture10 decorated with irresistibly comic drawings of models posing in excruciating attitudes to satisfy the modern sculptor's supposed craving for originality4 ,the amount of ingenuity1 facility1 and anatomical sureness shown in this little set astounds one4 ,most of the drawings have evidently been done with a very flexible pen1 capable alike of giving a line that with but slight pressure passes from great delicacy to corresponding strength4 ,illustration3 ,by ,louis ,morin ,the ,vie en ,rose contained many contributions from ,morin2 occasionally he essayed a drawing executed with the bold thick line then in vogue1 but anything approaching brutality in method or subject could not but come amiss to him1 and it is in such delightful fancies in this journal as the ,faon de voir la vie en ,rose--,le ,dessinateur--that we see him at his best4 ,a draughtsman of elegant appearance1 surrounded with bric-a-brac1 is here seen in his censer-perfumed studio1 reclining on an enormous rose-coloured cushion2 his cigarette is in one hand1 and the crayon which is limning a female form in the other4 ,two adoring little models watch and guard him2 while a procession of respectful art patrons stream in humbly to offer their thousand-franc notes for the sketches he is tossing off4 ,other less discreet studio incidents1 treated with even more delicacy of colour and draughtsmanship1 are contained in the journal4 ,morin stands alone in his particular style of workmanship3 those who have come nearest him are the joyful and boisterous ,robida1 and the more reserved ,henri ,pille4 ,from all the above it is easy to gather that ,louis ,morin is little short of a genius2 a charming and wonderful personality1 endowed with one of the keenest and most versatile brains of our day4 ,,vii ,,charles ,,huard ,huard has done for the denizens of the godly1 deadly dull ,french villages and provincial towns of ,france what ,steinlen has done for ,paris--and he has done it exceedingly well4 ,it is difficult to conceive how these worthy people1 so fully convinced of their own importance1 so proud of their deviltries and or their little wickednesses1 and so full of tittle-tattle about their neighbours could have been better introduced to us4 ,huard's collection of one hundred sketches1 published in book form1 and entitled 8,province10 should prove a valuable document to future writers on the manners and customs of a section of ,french provincials at the commencement of the twentieth century4 ,he interests himself mainly with the local official and petit commerant 7or tradesman7 classes1 deviating occasionally to draw within his net a few stray soldiers1 or some dignified member of the old nobility of ,france4 ,a man of healthy mien and fine physique1 ,huard is excessively reserved and retiring1 seeking the companionship of very few1 and entirely engrossed in his work4 ,moreover1 he is most modest1 and has in no wise been spoilt by the lasting success and renown his work has earned for him1 at an age when others are but commencing to hammer at the door of ,fame4 ,illustration ,huard was born in ,paris1 but brought up in a provincial town4 ,his schooldays1 we are told1 were marked by indomitable diligence in the successful finding of means of evading the tedium of one school after another4 ,it is a ludicrous fact that although none of his humorous sketches are actual portraits1 his own townspeople have taken such dire offence at what appeared to them as hits at themselves1 that they have so far boycotted the satirist that he willingly banishes himself from the town in which he passed his youth4 ,it is even reported that one old lady said1 quite seriously1 that if he ever dared to draw her she would disfigure him for life with vitriol4 ,possibly this is the marvellous person1 in a good temper1 whose physiognomy appears on the cover of the ,huard number of 8,l',album40 ,of course it is not to be denied that ,huard has 8made game0 of the provincials2 and1 knowing the inherent pettiness of the classes he has held up to ridicule1 it is small wonder that they resent fun poked at their expense by one who to them can appear to be no less than a traitor4 ,huard1 however1 is never spiteful or malicious2 he sees better and further than his neighbours1 and he knows how to tell the truth about what he has seen1 without being warped by local influences4 ,a perusal of 8,province10 and other works to be mentioned1 will1 ,i am sure1 prove the truth of these remarks4 ,his figures are as a rule set in fitting urban landscapes1 every whit as truthful as the personages they frame4 ,look at the drawing among those classed ,les ,officiels1 entitled ,midday ,mass is far the most aristocratic--wherein a procession of regular church-goers debouches out of a picturesque1 half-hearted1 somnolent ,high ,street into the blazing sunlight of the 8,grande ,place40 ,the local member and his wife1 the lawyer1 and all the other pious scandalmongers of the town are going to make their daily penitence4 ,we can see these good folk1 we can feel the sunshine1 and we can even hear the clangour of the bells in the church tower4 ,then look in another sketch at the two editors of ,the ,revenge4 ,were ever such chauvinistes1 such firebrands8 ,getting on in years--true2 but as dangerous as not yet extinct volcanoes1 they reek of pistols for two and coffee for one4 ,a drawing labelled ,the ,express conveying the ,president will pass at five o'clock1 is most amusing4 ,there1 on the little railway platform1 is gathered all the official rank and society of ,tilliere-,sur-,ruron4 ,inflated1 yet nervous1 they fidget about1 awaiting impatiently the proudest moment of their lives4 ,we know them all2 the mayor with his address is there1 surrounded by his satellites of the ,municipal ,council1 all arrayed in heirloom dress suits1 members of the ,gymnastic ,society are there--some lithe1 some burly--then there are ces braves pompiers1 and the stern gendarmes2 and behind them1 dressed in their best1 but shut out from view and from seeing1 are the townspeople in their thousands4 ,no matter1 they are about to receive a main topic of conversation for many a weary year to come4 ,then there are the poor1 dear1 terrible old ladies1 to whom ,huard introduces us under the heading 8,les ,vieilles ,dames10--thin-lipped1 moustachioed1 bigoted1 deadly-dull personages are they1 most of them2 but they do not think so4 ,they are contented1 and are even conceited1 as to the figure they cut1 despite their shocking clothes2 for is not each of them so much more ,parisian in appearance and manners than 8,madame ,chose0--round the corner1 and just out of hearing4 ,here and there1 however1 we are presented to some real dignity1 the dignity which pertains to old parchment4 ,for example there are the portraits of the ,mlles4 ,petanville de ,grandcourt1 in whom will expire the most purple blood of the country4 ,under ,soirs de ,province we are shown with quaint humour the nocturnal dissipations of a provincial town4 ,two troopers1 one as drunk as the other1 are zig-zagging an erratic coursee home to barracks4 ,one says to the other3 8,vidalne--you hurt me to the quick 444 you won't wait for me because you think ,i'm drunk 444 you are ashamed of me60 ,again1 the musical genius of the place has brought his violin to an at-home1 and says3 8,what ,i prefer in music is imitations4 ,listen1 ,i'll give you first #8,mother-in-,law in hysterics1' and then #8,the ,nightingale4'0 ,then amongst the group of drawings headed ,rentiers et ,retraits look at the two retired tradesmen1 chatting in the middle of a deserted square4 ,in bated breath one of these busybodies relates to the other--8,you know the whole town is agog with it4 ,mrs4 ,lepinon visited the new dentist three times in the same day60 ,a splendid set of drawings is included in the group ,au caf4 ,we can see that they are so many resums of the hurried sketches1 for ever being made in the sketch-books which are ,huard's never-failing companions4 ,the handling1 whether in pen and ink or in chalk1 is always frank and bold1 and occasionally is like that of ,raffalli4 ,among the ,raisonneurs et ,sentimentaux are two old gossips seated on their favourite bench on the fringe of the town2 it is evident that neither of them1 even in his palmiest days1 could have set the local brook on fire4 ,yet one of them explains that 8there have only been two men who have understood the proper course for ,france to pursue--,m4 ,thiers and ,i4 ,m4 ,thiers is dead1 and they will not listen to me60 ,a joyful break in the monotony of life in the provincial town is most admirably rendered in ,market day at ,pavigny-le-,gras4 ,everyone and everything is fat1 and hot1 and smiling4 ,joy and plenty are the key notes of the harmony2 exuberant good nature exudes from every pore4 ,even the houses around the ,place de la ,cathdrale seem to beam and bulge in purring contentment4 ,a review of ,huard's work leads one to regret that he does not render his survey of provincial types more complete1 by occasionally including studies of that manly and womanly beauty which exists in even the most forsaken community1 to leaven the predominant ugliness4 ,however1 it may be that such forms of rustic beauty do not attract ,huard1 and we must rest grateful for his view of such types as do interest him deeply4 ,m4 ,huard--equally with several others of the illustrators mentioned in this little volume--has been honoured by having an entire number of 8,l',album0 devoted to his work4 ,therein we learn that to the few ,huard is known as a most able oil and pastel painter of seafaring folk2 and the etchings and chalk drawings reproduced convince us that it is a well-earned reputation4 ,the double-page centre drawing of the number consists of a masterly ,return from ,mass1 in which we see the good souls repairing homewards in the moonlight1 soothed and contented in mind and in spirit4 ,a few pages further on we come to two piou-pious1 or 8tommies10 enjoying their ,plaisir du ,dimanche3 they are seated1 and one of them smokes a cheap cigar4 ,the comment runs1 8,you wanted to come here so as to show yourself off smoking a cigar2 but we could have had much more fun at the station watching the trains go through40 ,le ,rire has published a quantity of ,huard's work1 the strength and vigour of which never seems to fail4 ,the subjects are frequently drawn from the quays of ,paris1 or from cafs and restaurants patronised by visitors from the provinces to the gay city4 ,the humour of a drawing called ,plages1 in which a rather vulgar ,paris tripper to the seaside1 paddling with her friends1 exclaims in astonished appreciation--8,by ,jove1 sand like at ,charenton0 7shall we translate ,putney871 is apparent to all4 ,in these1 as in all his sketches1 whether drawn from a low ,paris 8pub10 or from an innocent village caf1 indoors or out1 the entire truth to nature of the type chosen1 the very cut and hang of every garment is absolutely convincing1 and unerringly put in with a few bold touches of the pen4 ,a pathetic drawing is that of the poor workwoman1 who has tramped out to the sordid wastes of the fortifs1 or fortifications of ,paris2 and1 in her enjoyment of the faint echo of the real country1 there to be found1 exclaims--8,if ,i were rich ,i'd come here every day60 ,huard has drawn for ,l',assiette au ,beurre1 ,l',image1 ,le ,rire1 and ,cocorico some remarkable military subjects1 in which he has depicted the ,french soldier to the life4 ,here1 we have him disclosing to a comrade on the quay his modest dreams of fortune--there1 he is discussing rations with his colonel1 and in another splendid double-page drawing we see him at night1 shouting some rude refrain1 and painting the town scarlet generally2 but the finest of all is perhaps a vivid drawing in colour of a squad on a drill ground1--red caps1 white suits1 and a yellow background1--the whole making a most striking page4 ,huard is very successful with these coloured illustrations1 many of which appear in ,le ,rire1 and charm us with their quaint breadth and simplicity of treatment4 ,nothing in this way could be better than the old concirge and his dumpy wife1 who are painting a cast of the 8,venus of ,milo0 with canary yellow1 and decide that it is much prettier like that1 and much less indecent4 ,for the exhibition of ,la ,demi ,douzaine1 the little group of artists among whom he exhibits his marine work1 ,huard has done an excellent poster4 ,illustration3 ,by ,j4 ,wly4 7p4 #eg7 ,,viii ,j4 ,w,,ly ,wly is one of the more recent stars in the firmament of ,parisian illustrators2 nevertheless he shines with a peculiar brilliance of his own4 ,his drawing of the female form divine1 more or less disclosed in dainty dcollet1 is well nigh unsurpassed4 ,the excellence of the draughtsmanship1 which is so generally attained in the ,paris ,schools of ,art1 is very frequently not traceable in work produced later in the artist's career4 ,this1 however1 is not the case with ,wly2 the sureness of drawing required in the schools remains1 plus a large quantity of vim and esprit4 ,the adjective which best labels his work is charming2 and here it may be well to state that the more emancipated any one is the greater the number of ,wly's drawings he is able to admit to his collection1 to charm again and again4 ,for ,wly is the artist of adventures--the adventures of the bedroom4 ,he is a humorist1 and not a caricaturist4 ,he has too much love of human beauty to caricature the human face and figure1 and it is possible that for the same reason he never produces a coarse drawing2 however risky the situation he depicts1 that which attracts and interests one is the beauty of his drawing1 and the technical dexterity of his handling4 ,it is possible that admiration for the work of ,jules ,chret1 the master poster-maker1 has had something to do with the formation of his style4 ,his work1 like that of most of the later illustrators1 is done with chalk or charcoal1 very little pen-work being produced4 ,the perfection to which the photo-reproduction of drawings now attains has been chiefly responsible for this1 together with the praiseworthy attempt of the modern men to vie with the magnificent series of drawings on stone1 done half a century ago1 by ,gavarni1 ,daumier1 ,de ,beaumont1 ,cham1 and other splendid draughtsmen4 ,the revival of their method of treating drawings with a broad point seems for the time to have more than half submerged the exquisite pen-and-ink work1 such as was contributed to the illustrated papers some twenty years ago by ,lunel1 ,courboin1 ,jeanniot1 ,vogel1 ,jos ,roy1 ,vierge1 ,luigi ,loir1 ,mouligni1 ,gorguet1 ,robida1 ,g4 ,stein1 ,galice1 ,myrbach1 ,g4 ,scott1 ,f4 ,fau and others4 ,but the situation is saved by the fact that ,guillaume1 ,caran-d',ache1 ,job1 ,morin1 and a few other leading illustrators are still faithful to pen and ink4 ,in any case it is certain that of those who use crayon1 charcoal1 or lithographic chalk1 none produce work which is so subtle and yet so facile and so sure as ,wly4 ,he is a light-hearted ,steinlen of my lady's dressing-room2 or an emboldened ,helleu4 ,the relations between artist and artist's model frequently attract ,wly's pencil1 while other outside subjects seem to tempt him much less frequently4 ,the hard-working1 penniless1 happy-go-lucky artist rapins he draws are a delightful crew1 most excellently put upon paper4 ,a specimen of his humour is indicated in the words accompanying one of his rare pen and ink drawings1 which appeared in ,cocorico4 ,a chic little lady is seated in a shop1 while a female attendant unrolls pile after pile of material in the hope of supplying her wants4 ,the lady says3 8,why certainly1 show me some more3 ,i'm not a bit tired40 ,a beautiful little drawing1 of two dainty ,parisiennes gossiping on a pier1 discloses the method he has employed to produce a telling piece of work4 ,the outline has been rapidly sketched in with a few bold1 subtly curving lines from a pen1 while modelling and colour have been given to the whole with deft crayon touches4 ,we feel the joy the artist must have evinced in regulating the pressure he put on the crayon1 so as to give each line its exact breadth1 and depth of tone4 ,the pleasure he takes in manipulating his medium is always manifest in his work4 ,the complete modelling of a dainty neck and shoulders1 or of a shapely ankle1 is frequently accomplished by the merest touch of the chalk--but a touch in exactly the right place1 and of exactly the right size4 ,wly has contributed to the pages of the ,frou ,frou2 and very frequently to ,la ,vie en ,rose4 ,his small illustrations to 8,aristophane ,paris10 and to 8,la ,matresse du ,prince ,jean10 which first appeared in the latter journal1 are full of ability1 humour and vivacity4 ,a drawing entitled ,quelques ,predictions pour #aijb1 shows us a delightful little coquette in dshabill1 who is consulting the cards with an old woman fortune-teller1 the while a tiny kitten plays with a ball of worsted4 ,they are so life-like and so subtly depicted that we almost expect to see them move on the paper4 ,passe temps du jeune ,age1 is one of the most astoundingly able and beautiful studies of the nude that one can recall by any artist1 and also appears in ,la ,vie en ,rose4 ,the type of man usually introduced into our artist's drawings is not conspicuous for its beauty2 it generally depicts a bit of a scamp1 a bon viveur1 who is used artistically as a foil to some fresh and dainty young person of the opposite sex4 ,several pages in colour1 which appeared in the ,vie en ,rose1 evinced a charmingly refined sense in that direction2 while some illustrated covers for ,le ,rabelais1 each most successfully dealing with an entirely different and difficult colour problem were among the most striking examples of that branch of art yet produced4 ,illustration3 ,by ,j4 ,wly ,illustration3 ,by ,malteste ,,psychologue ,,ix ,,louis ,,malteste ,among the workers on the ,french illustrated papers none produces a steadier flow of thoroughly conscientious1 sound work than ,louis ,malteste4 ,his are no chance effects1 no tours de force of mere eccentricity or charlatanism1 but are the outcome of knowledge1 hard work and assurance4 ,he is a splendid draughtsman1 unerring and direct1 a seeker and finder of individual character1 who does not attempt to electrify the world with his audacity1 or his at-any-cost originality2 for he is content to delineate for us1 in masterly fashion1 specimens of humanity as they appear to the man of keen discernment4 ,at the time of the loathsome trials of ,dreyfus1 ,malteste was one of several artists who specially distinguished themselves by splendid sketches of the actors concerned therein4 ,in the writer's possession is a collection of these spirited and life-like drawings4 ,they are doubly admirable when one considers under what disadvantages they were produced4 ,the task of the artist1 told off to a sweltering1 over-crowded court-house1 surcharged with violent excitement1 and commissioned to make portrait groups of interested persons1 who are incessantly changing their positions1 is none too easy4 ,yet these drawings show no hesitation2 in each case some fleeting gesture or attitude is caught in a vigorous drawing1 and fixed for ever4 ,no wonder then that publishers such as ,hachette1 and the weekly illustrated papers ,le ,monde ,illustr1 ,l',illustration1 c41 should have availed themselves of his talent2 or that when he turned his crayon to more fanciful subjects he should have found a ready outlet in the pages of such papers as ,la ,vie en ,rose1 ,le ,rire1 ,l',assiette au ,beurre1 and many others1 wherein to let fly that gauloiserie which flows in the veins of even the most serious ,frenchman4 ,most of the drawings in ,la ,vie en ,rose are excellent works in chalk of actions governed by sudden impulse2 and1 in technique1 strongly recall the admirable drawings of the ,english draughtsman1 ,gunning ,king1 whose work ,malteste has probably never seen4 ,it is most likely1 however1 that the style of both artists has largely resulted from profound and well-placed admiration of the work of the veteran ,renouard4 ,there is in ,la ,vie en ,rose an amusing series of drawings by ,malteste of coachmen of all grades--each a strong piece of work1 full of character1 and well placed on the page4 ,another series in colour consists of fancy portraits of potentates2 here again ,malteste has distinguished himself1 as witness the ,lopold1 ,roi des ,belges1 a harmony in white1 yellow1 and brown4 ,malteste shows himself as a tender colourist in the excellent drawing of a milking scene1 entitled ,la ,trait des ,blanches2 another farm scene1 ,le ,flau1 is as excellent an example of black and white work1 and only surpassed by the chalk drawing ,psychologue1 a superb delineation of two ragged1 storm-beaten rag pickers toiling homewards with their baskets4 ,his little studies of queer bits of gnarled humanity are splendid2 witness his ,femmes ,fidles1 ,la ,femme qui prise1 his droll lady who declares ,there is nothing like a good swig1 his ,woman with a ,dog1 his ,woman with the ,cats1 or the group called ,types of ,electors in the ,ville ,lumire4 ,we recognise all those electors at first sight2 there is the heavy1 obstinate man1 who gets his way by force of sheer dead-weight1 there the suave complaisant 8good-sort10 there the pugnacious1 quixotic fellow1 who adores a riotous meeting1 there the pensive philosopher1 and so on4 ,there is no mistaking the true character of any one of them2 to a companion page of ,femmes ,infidles the same remarks apply4 ,a noteworthy quality in ,malteste's work is the invariably excellent drawing of the hands4 ,to any but the surest draughtsmen hands are a veritable bte noire1 to be avoided whenever possible4 ,besides his reputation as an illustrator1 ,malteste has made his mark as a painter of note1 and in collaboration with ,glis-,didot has executed a charming poster for ,l',absinthe ,parisienne2 while his poster for the ,thtre ,antoine is one of the finest things of its kind yet produced4 ,illustration3 ,,de ,,toulouse ,,lautrec ,x ,j4 ,l4 ,,forain ,the collection of two hundred and fifty sketches1 published in book form under the title 8,la ,comdie ,parisienne10 at once established ,forain as a firm favourite both with the public and with artists4 ,it could not well have been otherwise4 ,for these tender1 graceful1 little sketches touching on the private life and foibles of dancers1 bankers1 lawyers and others1 appealed to the risible faculties and the sympathies of all ,parisians2 while artists admired the delicacy of touch and apparent facility with which the little scenes were 8flicked in40 ,the expression 8apparent facility0 is purposely employed2 for despite the appearance of careless ease of execution conveyed by the slightness of these sketches1 those who have seen the artist at work know that for each sketch presented to the public three or four have been rejected by their author as unsatisfactory4 ,a very large proportion of the drawings in 8,la ,comdie ,parisienne10 treat of matters to which it is quite customary to refer in ,french publications1 but which in ,england are discreetly relegated to the confidential whisper of intimates2 so that it is rather difficult here to give specimens of the delicate wit displayed therein1--lest it should be classed as indelicate wit4 ,the standard of delicacy topples over at such very different angles in ,england and on the ,continent4 ,whatever the subject treated1 however1 one is struck by the keen observation these drawings display1 the requisite movement or attitude being perfectly rendered with the minimum number of lines4 ,they are snap-shots of propitious moments2 but taken by an artist's eye in place of a photographic lens1 and an artist's science to display what is necessary and to discard what is unnecessary for the illustration of the point at issue4 ,the drawings here and there reflect the touch of melancholy in the author's nature1 as well as his caustic wit4 ,a charming and sympathetic drawing is that of the working man playing with his crooning babe1 while the mother1 who is getting supper ready1 says to her husband 8,ah6 wouldn't you be stunning1 if you'd only give up drinking40 ,in another drawing a poor woman says to her drunken husband 8,aren't you ashamed to be in this state on a ,tuesday80 ,how telling too the sketch of the rascally picture dealer who bursts in on the famishing artist and his starving wife and baby1 and says--8,i must have three ,corots and a ,diaz within six days--,madame1 make him work60 ,then there is another delightful artist subject4 ,the landlord breaks in on poor hard-working ,pinceau4 8,sir1 you've made me call twenty times--you owe me seven quarters' rent1 ,i tell you ,i've had enough of it60 8,gracious--is that all you've got to think about then10 is the cool reply4 ,how beautiful in its simplicity and how exquisitely the curt legend 8---- ,rothschild10 fits that drawing of the little ballet dancer who whispers the portentous name into the ear of her sister coryphe1 the while the moneyed man behind the scenes passes them4 ,once more1 look at the husband stupefied at the bill which accompanies the host of packages in the midst of which he and his wife are standing4 8,what1 what6 two thousand seven hundred and fifty-three francs1 forty five centimes6 and all that so as to go away to the seaside for three weeks60--8,well1 yes1 you are right1 my dear1 ,i will send back one of the umbrellas60 ,these drawings are almost all executed with a thin1 pin-point pen line1 of even thickness throughout1 and with flat tones of shading added by means of mechanically engraved dots4 ,forain1 ,vogel1 and ,willette1 although their methods differ1 are among the few who now illustrate with such faint lines and aim at such fragile effects4 ,a collection in book form of his political and topical illustrations1 which had appeared in ,le ,figaro were republished under the title 8,doux ,pays40 ,the number of ,l',album devoted to ,forain contains able sketches1 done in wash and chalk1 which are stronger in effect1 although incomplete looking2 and bear the impress of having been dashed off at great speed while the inspiration lasted4 ,a very subtle drawing of the nude1 entitled1 ,the ,tub1 however1 is included in the number1 as well as some strongly indicated work in colour4 ,forain's work has been widely published2 we have seen it in ,nous1 ,vous1 ,eux1 in ,le ,figaro1 in ,les ,femmes1 il n'y a qu'a1 ,le ,courrier ,franais1 ,l',indiscret1 ,le ,rire1 in ,l',assiette au ,beurre1 in ,the ,studio1 and elsewhere4 ,he has done bold poster work1 ,le ,salon du ,cycle1 ,la ,parisienne du ,sicle1 c42 and he did a series of splendid up-to-date designs for a mosaic frieze1 which was inserted in the front of a boulevard restaurant some few years back4 ,to ,le ,rire he has been a pillar of strength2 and this journal has called forth some of his best efforts1 generally drawn in with crayon or brush1 and completed with a wash of two or three such faint colours as grey-green and pale brick-colour1 being treated frankly as sketches and nothing more4 ,yet how amply complete is such a drawing as that of the little powdered cocotte in the black hat receiving the last touches to her toilette from her maid1 while her vicious1 bony1 mother waits impatiently to hurry her off to the evening's rendezvous4 ,another fine drawing culled from the same source introduces us to a squat lady sculptor1 modelling from a beautiful nude female model4 ,the shapeless sculptor cries out1 8,there6 you're posing so badly that ,i shall have to finish it from myself--before the glass40 ,an exhibition of ,forain's work1 which was held on the ,eiffel ,tower in #ahij or #ahia1 under the auspices of the ,courrier ,franais1 achieved for the artist a great success2 although he had a terrible struggle at the outset of his career1 even at one time appealing to ,renouard to get him a job to draw anything1--8anything1 fashion plates1 or never mind whatsoever40 ,forain is yet another past habitu of the ,montmartre 8,caf des ,hydropathes0 7which later developed into the 8,chat ,noir07 who has achieved fame and riches4 ,he now lives in a splendid mansion in one of the most fashionable quarters of ,paris1 immersed as ever in his studies1 and taking up sculpture as a relaxation4 ,he works in a vast1 untidy studio amidst an astounding litter of studies and papers1 from which he but occasionally tears himself for a rapid spin in his beloved motor-car4 ,,xi ,,charles ,l,,andre ,landre must be a terror to the members of the official classes in ,paris1 for they must live from day to day in mortal fear lest they shall have fallen a prey to his deft pencil4 ,he must ever persuade them of their own irresistible comicality1 and thereafter they must always feel more like ,landre's caricatures than like themselves1 and must inevitably act likewise4 ,landre not only caricatures the faces and figures of his subjects1 but he caricatures their mien and manners2 their politeness1 their self-satisfaction1 their hauteur1 their cringing1 in his hands exudes from every pore4 ,illustration3 ,l,,andre 7,from the collection of the ,chat-,noir7 ,,rudolph ,,salis 7,seigneur de ,chat-noir ville7 ,yet he is not cruel1 he does not lead us to hate his originals2 he makes us enjoy them1 and laugh good naturedly at and with them4 ,he shows us their unmistakable features1 as though seen through a distorting but discriminating mirror4 ,we can well imagine one of his victims1 impressed with the undeniable truth of ,landre's portrait of himself1 shunning daylight altogether1 after the publication thereof2 and refusing to walk abroad carrying those weasel eyes and that terrible nose1 which previously he had flaunted on the boulevards with such evident pride4 ,indeed1 a dose of ,landre might well be prescribed as a cure for swollen head4 ,illustration3 ,a4 ,,willette ,,ma ,,chandelle ,,est ,,morte ,it must not be imagined from the foregoing that portrait caricature alone occupies the pencil of our artist4 ,his book of subtle wash drawings entitled 8,nocturnes10 and the lively pages of ,le ,rire1 ,l',album1 ,l',assiette au ,beurre1 and other journals are embellished with his cartoons and comic drawings1 covering a fairly wide range of subjects4 ,he is moreover a serious portrait-painter of great feeling and delicacy4 ,we may look on him almost as an animalier1 or natural history artist making a speciality of that droll1 brainy1 beast--man1 recording all his different varieties1 and watching his every gesture and movement4 ,in his cartoons he occasionally approaches the somewhat nervous style of ,willette1 whom we incline to think time may prove to have been an overrated artist4 ,the stronger method of ,landre1 however1 is particularly noticed in such drawings as ,le ,ministre en ,vacances and ,le ,retour du ,gnral ,duchesne in ,le ,rire2 and here we may mention how much many of the most excellent of the younger artists--such as ,steinlen1 ,landre1 ,malteste1 ,redon1 ,sabattier1 ,tilly1 and ,huard in ,france1 ,lockhart-,bogle1 ,hartrick1 ,almond and ,gunning ,king in ,england1 evidently owe to that giant among draughtsmen--,paul ,renouard4 ,illustration ,landre was born at ,champsecret1 ,orne4 ,it is easy to trace the influence that a course of modelling in plaster under the decorator ,bin1 which he attended after leaving college and arriving in ,paris1 impressed on his work1 for all his heads have a strong sculpturesque feeling about them4 ,later he became a pupil of ,cabanel at the ,beaux ,arts ,school2 and we1 who know the ways of ,paris art students1 can well imagine the uproarious series of 8charges0 or caricatures1 he must have painted of his fellow students1 and possibly of his professor4 ,for it is certain that later on he handled the gens srieux1 with whom he was brought into contact at the reunions given by his uncle--the ,deputy ,christofle1 with but scant regard for their dignity4 ,settling in ,montmartre1 he rapidly captured the quartier with his marvellous caricatures of the 8types0 of the neighbourhood1 and of the ,bohemians of the greater ,paris who flocked to its cabarets artistiques4 ,thenceforward his fame has rapidly spread far and wide3 of course he was a patron of the ,chat ,noir1 and later of the ,quat'z',arts1 to whose papers he contributed4 ,we have only to examine his drawings to realise that--given the opportunity to publish his work--success was inevitable4 ,before me is one of his drawings in ,le ,rire--8,the effect of ,latin and table salt on a youth of ,normandy40 ,it represents a christening scene in the church of a ,normandy village4 ,the irreverent babe in granny's arms is howling the roof off its mouth1 while the ancient cleric with port-wine nose1 his service interrupted1 essays to quiet the little darling2 and we can see he is only debarred by professional etiquette from using language unfitting the ,church4 ,grandpa beams good-naturedly at the wickedness of his latest descendant1 while the fond mamma joyfully simpers her complete approval of the hopeful's lung power4 ,a priggish chorister holds a long guttering church candle1 which his hot hands are melting in the middle2 outside in the porch the bell-ringer with a jug of cider and a glass is pulling his hardest at the joy bells1 and a background of fidgeting1 yawning children completes the picture4 ,then look at the gaily-coloured page which transports us to the middle of a village fte4 ,all among the garlands and ,japanese lanterns the firemen are making merry with their lady admirers4 ,the drummer of the squad1 a lusty fellow1 is stealing a kiss from a protesting1 yet willing1 kitchen-maid4 ,an astounding drawing of a bacchanalian orgy entitled ,ribote de ,nol appeared in ,no4 #aab of ,le ,rire1 and the whole reeling scene of drunken revelry is marvellously rendered4 ,in the largeness of the forms and the rollicking abandon of the whole scene we are reminded of our own ,rowlandson1 an artist whose work is thoroughly appreciated across the ,channel4 ,the quintessence of quaintness is reached in another drawing1 which again reminds us somewhat of ,rowlandson4 ,it is a drawing contained in ,l',album1 entitled 8,la ,folie des ,grandeurs--,les ,yeux plus grands que le ,ventre02 and shows us a queer little ,tom ,thumb of a man smoking a cigar1 and speaking in the language of the eye volumes of admiration for the mountainous woman against whose knee he lolls4 ,illustration3 ,l,,andre ,,les ,,chanteurs ,,de ,,montmartre 7,tourney ,poster for ,yvette ,guilbert7 ,other illustrations by ,landre appear in ,le ,grand ,guignol1 and in the comic paper ,la ,vie en ,rose4 ,to a little collection of caricatures of 7then7 reigning sovereigns1 entitled 8,le ,muse des ,souverains10 ,landre contributed some remarkably clever work4 ,president ,faure1 ,queen ,victoria1 the ,emperor of ,austria1 the ,king of the ,belgians and ,king ,menelik1 all come in for a more or less trying pictorial analysis by ,landre4 ,the drawing of ,menelik is a most wonderful piece of work1 but unfortunately intended to be humiliating to ,italy2 and here we may mention that ,landre has always been attracted by general political cartooning1 as well as his more frequent local cartoon work1 but however much his estimate of the nations1 as seen from the ,gallic point of view1 may tickle outsiders1 we feel he is a good ,frenchman1 and the artistic quality of his work never fails4 ,his double-page drawing in ,le ,rire of the 8,senators going to ,war against the ,chamber0 is crowded with caricature portraits of politicians hurrying out to do vigorous battle1 each showing by the introduction of some subtle little device his own marked peculiarity or fad4 ,illustration3 ,l,,andre 7,by himself7 ,landre has frequently introduced a self-portrait into his sketches1 and he is evidently as critical of himself as of others4 ,he always shows us a serio-comic little man with chubby cheeks1 bulging1 spectacled eyes1 and a big inquisitive nose dominating a small turned-up moustache and starveling beard4 ,some of his own military service adventures he has depicted for us in mock heroic style in 8,les ,treize ,jours de ,landre40 ,among notable caricature portraits is that of ,drumont1 the arch ,jew-baiter4 ,in a coloured drawing entitled 8,the ,ogre's ,repast10 we see this noisome person with a chain of ,semite 8portions0 round his neck poising a gory ,jewish head on his fork previous to making a meal of it4 ,in fine irony a cross hangs on his breast4 ,his drawings of concerts and musical conductors throb and thrill with sound1 the very paper on which they are printed seems to vibrate with the volume of it4 ,the ,comdie ,franaise supplied him with subjects for a splendid set of caricatures2 and the rustic inhabitants of his native village of ,champsecret form the foundation of yet another delightful series entitled 8,ma ,normandie40 ,that the tragic side of life touches ,landre deeply is evident1 if only from a couple of drawings which appeared in ,l',assiette au ,beurre4 ,the first is entitled 8,saison des eaux--chacun va aux eaux suivant ses moyens02 and we see a starving1 distracted mother1 plunging to eternity in the foul depths of a canal1 while her tiny children1 all unconscious of their fate1 clutch her skirts and are being hurled to death with her4 ,the other drawing bears the legend1 8,what have they been doing1 sir8 ,sleeping without paying for it60--which is given as the conversation passing between a little milliner's girl and an old gentleman1 who are watching a long procession of dejected outcasts being led to the lock-up by ferocious-looking policemen1 while behind them is a wall inscribed with the mocking legend1 8,libert1 ,egalit1 ,fraternit40 ,the poor prisoners are evidently not criminals1 but merely the crowded-out failures of a great city1 who have perforce been obliged to sleep in the streets4 ,landre's posters1 such as his 8,les ,cartomimes0 and 8,le ,vieux ,marcheur0 display all his captivating characteristics1 but look hardly robust enough in style to stand the attacks of weather on a street hoarding4 ,landre1 however1 is a great draughtsman1 and there can be no mistaking this fact4 ,illustration3 ,from l',album ,,deux ,,amis ,by ,l,,andre ,,xii ,,conclusion ,it may be held that some of the ,illustrators whose work we have been considering are but slightly connected with ,montmartre1 and that there is no such thing as a ,montmartre school4 ,such contentions are both right and wrong1 according to the manner in which one cares to approach them4 ,it is incontestable that in the very informality and independence of their various styles these artists are echoing the spirit of that ,montmartre in which they all have spent so many joyous hours4 ,with the 8,butte10 one associates breeziness1 irresponsibility1 and a youthful impatience of restraint4 ,from her lofty perch ,montmartre can survey at leisure1 and if it needs be point the pencil of derision at the world of ,paris surging at her feet2 but it must not be forgotten that if she be light-hearted she is also ever warm-hearted4 ,her interest in the follies of life is even surpassed by her deep sympathy with those who are struggling against its miseries4 ,it is possible that1 as time goes on1 some other quarter of ,paris will take the place of ,montmartre1 as the nursery of young free-lances1 and will inspire future ,bohemians to other great deeds in the world of art4 ,mayhap the honoured quarter will be 8,montparnasse10 or the vicinity of the 8,luxembourg20 or perhaps it will be the 8,butte de ,chaumont10--the other great cliff of ,paris1 surrounded in this instance with a romantic park1 and peopled with a toiling1 excitable1 working population1--that will attract the next group of illustrators of modern city life4 ,however that may be1 ,paris supplies a never-failing succession of highly talented artists who1 as they leave the schools1 different as their methods may be1 group themselves around some chosen neighbourhood1 some cabaret1 some master of the art1 or some illustrated periodical4 ,already there is a brilliant group of yet younger illustrators risen in ,paris1 since the advent of those with whom this volume deals4 ,the fact that most of the papers in which these illustrations appear are unknown to1 or unpalatable to1 the ,british public1 renders it certain that1 with but few exceptions1 the accomplished work of these modern masters of black and white art will never be as widely appreciated in ,england as it deserves to be4 ,and this is one more justification of the writer's long-urged plea that in ,london we are sadly in need of a ,national ,water ,colour and ,black and ,white ,gallery1 for which the best obtainable examples of such work could be procured by gift or purchase1 and thereafter exhibited4 ,stowed away in drawers and cupboards at the ,british ,museum1 at the ,national ,gallery1 and probably at ,south ,kensington ,museum and elsewhere--visible only in driblets1 after regulated application1 is untold wealth of beautiful drawings which should rightly be displayed on the walls of such a gallery as is suggested4 ,beautiful examples of work by living illustrators1 both ,british and foreign1 could be obtained for a comparatively nominal sum1 and would exemplify a powerful and fascinating development of modern art2 which meets the requirements of the day1 in its own line1 as fully as did the work of those early ,italian masters in their time1 which the nation's art buyers collect so assiduously and at so much cost4 ,but such a gallery would be incomplete were it to pass by without example the strength of ,steinlen1 the dainty elegance of ,wly or ,morin1 ,huard's types of provincialism1 ,forain's delicacy of design1 or the humorous observation of ,caran d',ache4 ,to be complete and cosmopolitan it must chronicle within its walls something of that defiance of convention1 that exuberance of youthful audacity1 seeking ever fresh paths within the unexplored--above all1 that single-minded devotion to art for its own sake which belongs to these ,illustrators of ,montmartre4 ,illustration3 ,a4 ,,willette ,printed by ,,ballantyne1 ,,hanson ,,co4 ,london ,edinburgh ,transcriber's ,notes ,punctuation1 hyphenation1 and spelling were made consistent when a predominant preference was found in the original book2 otherwise they were not changed4 ,simple typographical errors were corrected2 unbalanced quotation marks were remedied when the change was obvious1 and otherwise left unbalanced4 ,the following ,french words1 misspelled or with accented letters1 were corrected1 but others may have been missed4 ,also1 when the same misspelling occurred more than once1 it was not changed4 ,page #e3 ,ville ,lumire ,ville ,lumire ,page #i3 ,chevalier a la ,fe ,chevalier la ,fe ,page #i3 ,eugne ,grasset ,eugne ,grasset ,page #i3 ,a l'eau l'eau ,page #i3 les ,oisseaux les ,oiseaux ,page #ab3 le bon ,gite4 le bon ,gte4 ,page #cj3 ,les ,potes de l',amour ,les ,potes de l',amour ,page #cb3 ,la ,toussaint ,heroique ,la ,toussaint ,hroque ,page #cb3 ,l',et ,l't ,page #cd3 confrres confrres ,page #ce3 soidisant soi-disant ,page #db3 ,a4 ,lepre ,a4 ,lepre ,page #db3 ,aieule ,aeule ,page #dc3 ,muse ,grvin ,muse ,grvin ,page #dc3 ,henri ,rivire ,henri ,rivire ,page #eg3 decollt dcollet ,page #fd3 ,le ,monde ,illustr ,le ,monde ,illustr ,page #fe3 ,la ,traite des ,blanches ,la ,trait des ,blanches ,page #ff3 ,gelis-,didot ,glis-,didot ,page #ff3 ,thatre ,thtre ,page #gj3 du ,sicle du ,sicle ,page #ge3 du ,genral du ,gnral ,page #gh3 ,ribote de ,noel - ,ribote de ,nol ,not changed3 ,page #aj3 ,les ,gaits ,bourgeois ,page #ab3 ,les ,gaits ,bourgeoises ,page #ah3 ,charge 7perhaps should be 8,charg07 ,pages #ag and #dc3 ,caran-d'-,ache ,page #ge3 reunions 7perhaps should be 8runions07 ,illustrations in this e,book have been positioned between paragraphs and outside quotations4 ,in versions of this e,book that support hyperlinks1 the page references in the ,list of ,illustrations lead to the corresponding illustrations4 ,the poor image quality of 8,deux ,amis0 occurs in at least three different copies of the original book1 and probably was printed that way4