,transcrib]'s ,note ,v>iable spell+ & hyph5ation h be5 reta9$4 ,m9or punctuation inconsi/5cies h be5 sil5tly repair$4 ,! ,errata ( ! orig9al edition h be5 correct$4 ,o!r *anges made c be f\nd at ! end ( ! book4 ,=matt+ & special *>act]s are indicat$ z foll[s3 ,sid5otes italic spac$ font ,,philosophical ,,transactions1 ,,giv+ ,,"s ,,acc\nt ,,( ,,! ,pres5t ,und]tak+s1 ,/udies1 & ,lab\rs1 ,,( ,,! ,,+5i\s1 ,,9 ,,_m ,consid]able ,p>ts ( ! ,,_w4 ,,vol4 ,l4 ,,"p ,i4 ,= ! ,ye> #ageg4 ,,london4 ,pr9t$ = ,l4 ,,davis & ,c4 ,,reym]s1 ,pr9t]s to ! ,,royal ,,society1 aga9/ ,gray's-,inn ,gate1 9 ,holb\rn4 ,m4,,dcc4,,lviii4 ,,! ,,cont5ts ,,to ,,"p ,i4 ,,volume ,l4 ,i4 ,,an ,acc\nt ( ! ,e>?quake felt 9 ,new ,engl&1 & ! neighb\r+ ,p>ts ( ,am]ica1 on ! #ah? ( ,novemb] #agee4 ,9 a ,lett] to ,?o4 ,bir*1 ,d4,d4 ,secret4 ,r4,s4 by ,mr4 ,pr(essor ,w9?rop1 ( ,cambridge 9 ,new ,engl&4 ,page #a4 ,,ii4 ,! /range ,effects ( "s eff]vesc5t ,mixtures2 9 a ,lett] f ,dr4 ,james ,m\nsey1 ,physician ( ! ,russian ,army1 & ,f4,r4,s4 to ,mr4 ,h5ry ,bak]1 ,f4,r4,s4 ,communicat$ by ,mr4 ,bak]4 p4 #ai4 ,,iii4 ,extract ( a ,lett] ( ,j4 ,wall1 ,m4,d4 to ! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,lyttelton1 ,dean ( ,exet]1 & ,f4,r4,s4 conc]n+ ! good ,effects ( ,malv]ne ,wat]s 9 ,worce/]%ire4 p4 #bc4 ,,iv4 ,an ,acc\nt ( ! ,c>lsbad ,m9]al ,wat]s 9 ,bohemia3 ,9 a ,lett] to ! ,"r ,hon\rable ! ,e>l ( ,macclesfield1 ,presid5t ( ! ,r4,s4 by ! ,rev4 ,j]emiah ,milles1 ,d4,d4 ,f4,r4,s4 p4 #be4 ,v4 ,an ,essay t[>ds asc]ta9+ ! specific ,gravity ( liv+ ,m54 ,by ,mr4 ,john ,rob]tson1 ,f4,r4,s4 p4 #cj4 ,,vi4 ,an ,in/ance ( ! ,gut ,ileum1 cut ?ro' by a ,knife1 successfully treat$ by ,mr4 ,pet] ,trav]s1 ,surgeon1 at ,lisbon4 ,communicat$ by ,john ,huxham1 ,m4,d4 ,f4,r4,s4 p4 #ce4 ,,vii4 ,an ,acc\nt ( a ,visitation ( ! lepr\s ,p]sons 9 ! ,isle ( ,guadal\pe3 ,9 a ,lett] to ,mons4 ,damonville1 ,c\nsellor & ,assi/ant-,judge at ,m>t9ico1 & 9 ! ,(fice ( ,k+'s ,physician at ,guadal\pe4 ,by ,john ,&rew ,peyssonel1 ,m4,d4 ,f4,r4,s4 ,translat$ f ! ,fr5*4 p4 #ch4 ,,viii4 ,an ,acc\nt ( ! late ,discov]ies ( ,antiquities at ,h]culaneum2 9 an ,extract ( a ,lett] f ,camillo ,pad]ni1 ,keep] ( ! ,h]culanean ,museum1 & ,f4,r4,s4 to ,?omas ,hollis1 ,esq2 dat$ ,naples1 ,dec4 #af1 #agef4 p4 #di4 ,,ix4 ,an ,acc\nt ( "s ,trees discov]$ und]gr\nd on ! ,%ore at ,m\nt's-,bay 9 ,cornwall3 ,9 a ,lett] f ! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,william ,borlase1 ,f4,r4,s4 to ! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,lyttelton1 ,dean ( ,exet]4 p4 #ea4 ,x4 ,exp]im5ts on apply+ ! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,hales's ,me?od ( di/ill+ ,salt-wat] to ! ,/eam-,eng9e4 ,by ,keane ,fitzg]ald1 ,esq2 ,f4,r4,s4 p4 #ec4 ,,xi4 ,extract ( a ,lett] ( ,mr4 ,abraham ,trembley1 ,f4,r4,s4 to ,?o4 ,bir*1 ,d4,d4 ,secret4 ,r4,s4 ,translat$ f ! ,fr5*4 p4 #eh4 ,,xii4 ,a brief ,botanical & ,m$ical ,hi/ory ( ! ,solanum ,le?ale1 ,bella-donna1 or ,deadly ,night%ade1 by ,mr4 ,ri*>d ,pult5ey4 ,communicat$ by ,mr4 ,william ,watson1 ,f4,r4,s4 p4 #fb4 ,,xiii4 ,an ,acc\nt ( "s ( ! ,antiquities discov]$ at ,h]culaneum1 c4 ,9 a ,lett] to ,?omas ,bir*1 ,d4,d4 ,secret4 ,r4,s4 ,by ,john ,nixon1 ,a4,m4 ,f4,r4,s4 p4 #hh4 ,,xiv4 ,an ,acc\nt ( ! ,effects ( a ,/orm ( ,?und] & ,lightn+1 9 ! ,p>i%es ( ,looe & ,lanrea?1 9 ! ,c\nty ( ,cornwall1 on ! #bg? ,day ( ,june #agef4 ,communicat$ to ! ,rev4 ,j]emiah ,milles1 ,d4,d4 ,f4,r4,s4 9 two ,lett]s1 "o f ! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,dy]1 ,m9i/] ( ,looe1 & ! o!r f ! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,milles1 ,vic> ( ,duloe1 9 ,cornwall4 p4 #ajd4 ,,xv4 ,an ,acc\nt ( ! ,peat-pit ne> ,newbury 9 ,b]k%ire2 9 an ,extract ( a ,lett] f ,john ,collet1 ,m4,d4 to ! ,"r ,rev]5d ,ri*>d ,"l ,bi%op ( ,ossory1 ,f4,r4,s4 p4 #aji4 ,,xvi4 ,an ,acc\nt ( ! ,alt]ations mak+ 9 ! ,pan!on at ,rome3 ,9 an ,extract ( a ,lett] f ,rome to ,?omas ,hollis1 ,esq2 ,communicat$ by ,john ,w>d1 ,,ll4,d4 ,r4,s4 ,vice-,prs4 p4 #aae4 ,,xvii4 ,an ,acc\nt ( a new m$ic9al ,well1 lately discov]$ ne> ,m(fat1 9 ,ann&ale1 9 ! ,c\nty ( ,dumfries4 ,by ,mr4 ,john ,walk]1 ( ,borgue-h\se ne> ,kirkudbright 9 ,scotl&4 p4 #aae4 ,,xviii4 ,an ,acc\nt ( ! ,/ate ( ! ,!rmomet] at ! ,hague on ! #i? ( ,janu>y #ageg4 ,extract$ f a ,lett] ( ,mr4 ,abraham ,trembley1 ,f4,r4,s4 to ,?o4 ,bir*1 ,d4,d4 ,secret4 ,r4,s4 p4 #adh4 ,,xix4 ,exp]im5tal ,exam9ation ( ,plat9a4 ,by ,william ,lewis1 ,m4,b4 ,f4,r4,s4 ,pap] ,v4 ibid4 ,,xx4 ,exp]im5tal ,exam9ation ( ,plat9a4 ,by ,william ,lewis1 ,m4,b4 ,f4,r4,s4 ,pap] ,,vi4 p4 #aef4 ,,xxi4 ,an ,acc\nt ( ! ,temple ( ,s]apis at ,pozzuoli 9 ! ,k+dom ( ,naples3 ,9 a ,lett] to ,john ,w>d1 ,,ll4,d4 & ,r4,s4 ,vice-,prs4 by ! ,rev4 ,john ,nixon1 ,m4,a4 ,f4,r4,s4 p4 #aff4 ,,xxii4 ,"s ,rem>ks on a ,p>?ian ,co9 ) a ,greek & ,p>?ian ,leg5d1 nev] be=e publi%$4 ,9 a ,lett] f ! ,rev4 ,john ,sw9ton1 ,m4,a4 ( ,*ri/-,*ur*1 ,oxon1 ,f4,r4,s4 to ! ,rev4 ,?o4 ,bir*1 ,d4,d4 ,secret4 ,r4,s4 p4 #age4 ,,xxiii4 ,an ,acc\nt ( a ,r$ ,coral f ! ,ea/-,indies1 ( a v s+ul> ,k9d3 ,9 a ,lett] f ,mr4 ,john ,ellis1 ,f4,r4,s4 to ,mr4 ,pet] ,coll9son1 ,f4,r4,s4 p4 #ahi4 ,,xxiv4 ,an ,acc\nt ( ! ,effects ( a ,/orm at ,wigton 9 ,cumb]l&4 ,communicat$ by ,mr4 ,philip ,mill]1 ,f4,r4,s4 p4 #aid4 ,,xxv4 ,an ,acc\nt ( ! ,effects ( ,lightn+ ^u ! ,/eeple & ,*ur* ( ,le/)iel1 ,cornwall2 9 a ,lett] to ! ,"r ,hon\rable ! ,e>l ( ,macclesfield1 ,presid5t ( ! ,r4,s4 ,by ,mr4 ,john ,smeaton1 ,f4,r4,s4 p4 #aih4 ,,xxvi4 ,an ,acc\nt ( ! ,case ( ! late ,"r ,hon\rable ,horace ,"l ,walpole2 be+ a ,sequel to 8 own ,acc\nt publi%$ 9 ! ,philosophical ,transactions1 ,vol4 xlvii4 p4 #dc & #dgb4 p4 #bje4 ,po/script to ,dr4 ,:ytt's ,obs]vations on ,"l ,walpole's ,case4 p4 #che4 ,,xxvii4 ,an ,acc\nt ( ! ,virtues ( ,soap 9 dissolv+ ! ,/one1 9 ! ,case ( ! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,mat!w ,simpson4 ,communicat$ by ,john ,pr+le1 ,m4,d4 ,f4,r4,s4 p4 #bba4 ,,xxviii4 ,an ,acc\nt ( ! ,impressions ( ,plants on ! ,slates ( ,coals3 ,9 a ,lett] to ! ,"r ,honorable ,george ,e>l ( ,macclesfield1 ,presid5t ( ! ,r4,s4 f ,mr4 ,emanuel ,m5des da ,co/a1 ,f4,r4,s4 p4 #bbh4 ,,xxix4 ,a ,catalogue ( ! ,fifty ,plants f ,*elsea ,g>d51 pres5t$ to ! ,royal ,society by ! wor%ipful ,company ( ,apo!c>ies1 = ! ,ye> #agef1 pursuant to ! ,direction ( ,sir ,hans ,sloane1 ,b>onet1 ,m$4 ,reg4 ,soc4 nup] ,prses1 by ,john ,wilm]1 ,m4,d4 cl>iss4 ,societatis ,ph>maceut4 ,lond4 ,socius1 ,hort4 ,*els4 ,prfect4 ,prlector ,botan4 p4 #bcf4 ,,xxx4 ,rem>ks on ! ,op9ion ( ,h5ry ,eeles1 ,esq2 conc]n+ ! ,asc5t ( ,vap\r1 publi%$ 9 ! ,philosoph4 ,transact4 ,vol4 xlix4 ,"p i4 p4 #abd4 ,by ,erasmus ,d>w91 ,m4,d4 ,communicat$ by ,mr4 ,william ,watson1 ,f4,r4,s4 p4 #bdj4 ,,xxxi4 ,an ,acc\nt ( a new-discov]$ ,species ( ! ,snipe or ,tr+a3 ,9 a ,lett] to ! ,rev4 ,?o4 ,bir*1 ,d4,d4 ,secret4 ,r4,s4 f ,mr4 ,geo4 ,edw>ds1 ,libr>ian ( ! ,college ( ,physicians4 p4 #bee4 ,,xxxii4 ,obs]vationes de ,corall9is1 iisque insid5tibus ,polypis1 aliisque ,animalculis ,m>9is3 ,quas ,regi ,societati ,lond95si (f]t ,job ,ba/]1 ,m$4 ,doct4 ,acad4 ,cs>4 ,reg4 ,societ4 ,lond4 ,sci5t4 ,holl&4 ,socius4 p4 #beh4 ,,xxxiii4 ,rem>ks on ,dr4 ,job ,ba/]'s ,obs]vationes de ,corall9is1 c4 ,9 a ,lett] to ! ,"r ,hon4 ,george ,e>l ( ,macclesfield1 ,presid5t ( ! ,r4,s4 f ,mr4 ,john ,ellis1 ,f4,r4,s4 p4 #bhj4 ,,xxxiv4 ,an ,acc\nt ( an extraord9>y ,op]ation p]=m$ 9 ! ,dock-,y>d at ,portsm\?3 ,drawn up by ,mr4 ,john ,rob]tson1 ,f4,r4,s4 p4 #bhh4 ,,xxxv4 ,obs]vations on an ,ev5+1 or r ,nocturnal1 ,sol> ,iris4 ,by ,mr4 ,george ,edw>ds1 ,libr>ian ( ! ,college ( ,physicians4 p4 #bic4 ,,xxxvi4 ,! ,effects ( ! ,opuntia1 or ,prickly ,pe>1 & ( ! ,indigo ,plant1 9 col\r+ ! ,juices ( liv+ ,animals4 ,communicat$ by ,h4 ,bak]1 ,f4,r4,s4 p4 #bif4 ,,xxxvii4 ,an ,acc\nt ( an extrord9>y ,%[] ( black ,du/1 t fell 9 ! ,isl& ( ,zetl& #bj? ,octob] #agee4 ,9 a ,lett] f ,sir ,&rew ,mit*ell1 ( ,we/%ore1 ,b>t4 to ,john ,pr+le1 ,m4,d4 ,f4,r4,s4 p4 #big4 ,,xxxviii4 ,a ,description ( "s ,!rmomet]s = p>ticul> ,uses4 ,by ! ,"r ,hon\rable ! ,"l ,*>les ,cav5di%1 ,v4,p4,r4,s4 p4 #cjj4 ,,xxxix4 ,obs]vationes ,anatomico-,m$ic de ,mon/ro bicorporeo ,virg9eo ,a4 #agja4 die #bf ,oct4 9 ,pannonia1 infra ,com>omium1 9 ,possessione ,szony1 quondam ,quiritum ,bregetione1 9 lucem edito1 atque ,a4 #agbc4 die #bc ,febr4 ,posonii 9 ,cnobio ,monialium ,s4 ,ursul morte functo ibidemque sepulto4 ,au?ore ,ju/o ,johanne ,torkos1 ,m4,d4 ,soc4 ,regalis ,socio4 p4 #caa4 ,,xl4 ,obs]vations on ! ,orig9 & ,use ( ! ,lymphatic ,vessels ( ,animals3 ,be+ an ,extract f ! ,gul/onian ,lectures1 read 9 ! ,!atre ( ! ,college ( ,physicians ( ,london1 9 ,june #agee4 ,by ,m>k ,ak5side1 ,m4,d4 ,fell[ ( ! ,college ( ,physicians1 & ( ! ,royal ,society4 p4 #cbb4 ,,xli4 ,a ,lett] to ! ,"r ,hon\rable ! ,e>l ( ,macclesfield1 ,presid5t1 ! ,c\ncil1 & ,fell[s1 ( ! ,royal ,society1 conc]n+ ! ,v>iation ( ! ,magnetic ,ne$le2 ) a ,sett ( ,tables annex$1 :i* exhibit ! ,result ( upw>ds ( ,fifty ,?\s& ,obs]vations1 9 ,six p]iodic ,reviews1 f ! ,ye> #agjj to ! ,ye> #agef1 bo? inclusive2 & are adapt$ to e ,five ,degrees ( ,latitude & ,longitude 9 ! m frequ5t$ ,oceans4 ,by ,william ,m\nta9e & ,james ,dodson1 ,fell[s ( ! ,royal ,society4 p4 #cbi4 ,,xlii4 ,an acc\nt ( "s extraord9>y ,tumors ^u ! ,head ( a lab\r+ ,man1 n[ 9 ,/4 ,b>?olomew's ,hospital4 ,by ,james ,p>sons1 ,m4,d4 ,f4,r4,s4 p4 #cej4 ,,xliii4 ,an ,extract ( ! ,regi/] ( ! ,p>i% ( ,great ,%ef=d1 ne> ,lamborne1 9 ,b]k%ire1 = ,t5 ,ye>s3 ,) ,obs]vations on ! same3 ,9 a ,lett] to ,?o4 ,bir*1 ,d4,d4 ,secret4 ,r4,s4 f ! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,ri*>d ,fo/]1 ,rector ( ,great ,%ef=d4 p4 #cef4 ,,xliv4 ,a rem>kable ,case ( an ,aneurism1 or ,disease ( ! pr9cipal ,art]y ( ! ,?igh1 occasion$ by a ,fall4 ,to :i* is prefix$ a %ort ,acc\nt ( ! ,unc]ta9ty ( ! di/+ui%+ ,symptoms ( ?is ,disease4 ,by ,jos4 ,w>n]1 ,f4,r4,s4 & ,surgeon to ,guy's ,hospital4 p4 #cfc4 ,,xlv4 ,f>!r ,exp]im5ts = increas+ ! ,quantity ( ,/eam 9 a ,fire-,eng9e4 ,by ,keane ,fitz-,g]ald1 ,esq2 ,f4,r4,s4 p4 #cgj4 ,,xlvi4 ,obs]vatio ,eclipsis ,lun ,die #bg ,m>tii1 ,ann4 #agee4 habita ,ulissipone 9 ,domo ,patrum ,congregationis ,oratorii ,joanne ,*evali] ejusdem ,congregationis ,presbyt]o1 ,regi ,lond95sis ,societatis ,socio1 ,regique ,p>isi5sis ,sci5ti>um ,academi correspond5te4 p4 #cgd4 ,,xlvii4 ,eclipsis ,lun ,die #d ,febru>ii1 ,ann4 #ageg4 habita ,ulissipone ,joanne ,*evali] ,presbyt]o ,congregationis ,oratorii1 ,regi ,lond95sis ,societatis ,socio1 ,regique ,sci5ti>um ,p>isi5sis ,acadaemi correspond5te1 et a ,!odoro de ,almeida ejusdem ,congregationis ,presbyt]o1 ac ,physic publico ,pr(essore p4 #cgf4 ,obs]vationes ,eclipsium ,satellitum ,jovis ,ulissipone habit a ,joanne ,*evali]1 c4 p4 #cgg4 ,,xlviii4 ,obs]vationes ,eclipsium ,satellitum ,jovis ,ulissipone habit ,joanne ,*evali]1 ,presbyt]e ,congregationis ,oratorii1 ,regique ,lond95sis ,societatis ,socio1 ,anno #ageg4 p4 #cgh4 ,,xlix4 ,a rem>kable ,case ( ! ,efficacy ( ! ,b>k 9 a ,mortification3 ,9 a ,lett] to ,william ,watson1 ,m4,d4 ,f4,r4,s4 f ,mr4 ,ri*>d ,gr9dall1 ,surgeon to ! ,london ,hospital4 p4 #cgi4 ,l4 ,a ,lett] to ! ,rev4 ,?o4 ,bir*1 ,d4,d4 ,secret4 ,r4,s4 f ,john ,pr+le1 ,m4,d4 ,f4,r4,s4 inclos+ ,two ,pap]s communicat$ to him by ,rob]t ,:ytt1 ,m4,d4 ,f4,r4,s4 p4 #chc4 #a4 ,"s ,obs]vations on ! li?ontriptic ,virtue ( ! ,c>lsbad ,wat]s1 ,lime-wat]1 & ,soap3 ,9 ,lett] to ,dr4 ,john ,pr+le1 ,f4,r4,s4 f ,dr4 ,rob]t ,:ytt1 ,f4,r4,s4 & ,pr(essor ( ,m$ic9e 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,ed9burgh4 p4 #chf4 #b4 ,an ,in/ance ( ! ,electrical ,virtue 9 ! ,cure ( a ,palsy4 ,by ,mr4 ,patrick ,brydone4 p4 #cib4 ,,li4 ,an ,acc\nt ( "s fossil ,fruits1 & o!r ,bodies1 f\nd 9 ! ,isl& ( ,%epey4 ,by ,james ,p>sons1 ,m4,d4 ,f4,r4,s4 p4 #cif4 ,,lii4 ,obs]vations on ! ,comet1 t appe>$ 9 ! ,mon?s ( ,septemb] & ,octob] #ageg1 made at ! ,royal ,obs]vatory by ,ja4 ,bradley1 ,d4,d4 ,a/ronom] ,royal1 ,f4,r4,s4 & ,memb] ( ! ,royal ,academy ( ,sci5ces at ,p>is4 p4 #djh4 ,,liii4 ,! ,resolution ( a ,g5]al ,proposition = det]m9+ ! hor>y ,alt]ation ( ! ,position ( ! ,t]re/rial ,equator1 f ! ,attraction ( ,sun & ,moon3 ,) "s ,rem>ks on ! ,solutions giv5 by o!r ,au?ors to t difficult & important ,problem4 ,by ,mr4 ,?o4 ,simpson1 ,f4,r4,s4 p4 #daf4 ,,liv4 ,rem>ks ^u ! ,heat ( ! ,air 9 ,july #ageg1 9 an ,extract ( a ,lett] f ,john ,huxham1 ,m4,d4 ,f4,r4,s4 to ,william ,watson1 ,m4,d4 ,f4,r4,s4 dat$ at ,plym\? #ai? ( ! same ,mon?4 ,) additional ,rem>ks by ,dr4 ,watson4 p4 #dbh4 ,,lv4 ,rem>ks ^u ! ,lett] ( ,mr4 ,john ,ellis1 ,f4,r4,s4 to ,philip ,c>t]et ,webb1 ,esq2 ,f4,r4,s4 pr9t$ 9 ! ,philosophical ,transactions1 ,vol4 xlix4 ,"p ii4 p4 #hjf4 ,by ,mr4 ,philip ,mill]1 ,f4,r4,s4 p4 #dcj4 ,,lvi4 ,an ,answ] to ! prec$+ ,rem>ks4 ,by ,mr4 ,john ,ellis1 ,f4,r4,s4 p4 #dda4 ,,lvii4 ,a ,lett] to ! ,rev4 ,?o4 ,bir*1 ,d4,d4 ,secr4 ,r4,s4 conc]n+ ! ,numb] ( ! ,p ( ,engl&2 by ! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,ri*>d ,=/]1 ,rector ( ,great ,%ef=d 9 ,b]k%ire4 p4 #deg4 ,,lviii4 ,a ,lett] to ! ,"r ,hon\rable ! ,e>l ( ,macclesfield1 ,presid5t ( ! ,royal ,society1 f ! ,rev4 ,william ,brak5ridge1 ,d4,d4 ,f4,r4,s4 conta9+ an ,answ] to ! ,acc\nt ( ! ,numb]s & ,increase ( ! ,p ( ,engl&1 by ! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,=/]4 p4 #dfe4 ,,errata4 ,page #ie4 l9e #bd4 read ev5 ! ends ( ! umbilici4 ,page #if4 l9e #e4 read expos$ ! extremity ( ! umbilicus4 ,page #afh4 l9e #d4 aft] z dele well z4 ,page #cbh4 l9e #i f ! bottom1 = /ream read /eam4 ,9 ! ,tables ( ! ,v>iation ( ! ,magnetic ,ne$le1 ,anno #agef1 ,lat4 ,long4 #j--gj;,e = ,v>4 #c,w read #b,w4 ,read ! same 9 p4 #ccc4 #ae,n #ce,w ---- #c,w ---- #b,w #e,s #dj;,e ---- #ag,w ---- #ah,w #cj,s #ae;,e ---- #ah,w ---- #ag,w #ce,s #aj,w ---- #e,w ---- #e,w #ce,s #de;,e ---- #bf,w ---- #bf,w ,,philosophical ,,transactions4 ,i4 ,an ,acc\nt ( ! ,e>?quake felt 9 ,new ,engl&1 & ! neighb\r+ ,p>ts ( ,am]ica1 on ! #ah? ( ,novemb] #agee4 ,9 a ,lett] to ,?o4 ,bir*1 ,d4,d4 ,secret4 ,r4,s4 by ,mr4 ,pr(essor ,w9?rop1 ( ,cambridge 9 ,new ,engl&4 ,read ,jan4 #ac1 #ageg4 ,rev]5d ,sir1 ,i ,beg leave to lay be=e y ! be/ acc\nt ,i am able to give ( ! great e>?quake1 :i* %ook ,new ,engl&1 & ! neighb\r+ p>ts ( ,am]ica1 on ,tuesday ! #ah? day ( ,novemb] #agee1 ab\t a qu>t] aft] f\r 9 ! morn+4 ,i def]r$ writ+ till ?is "t1 9 ord] to obta9 ! mo/ di/9ct in=mation ( ! sev]al p>ticul>s relat+ to x1 bo? "h & 9 ! o!r places :]e x 0 felt2 & especially ! ext5t ( x4 ,! night1 9 :i* ?is e>?quake happ5$1 0 p]fectly calm & s]5e4 ,9 ! ev5+ !re 0 a fog ov] ! m>%es bord]+ on ! riv] ,*>les1 :i* runs ?r\gh ?is t[n3 b ?is ,i f\nd intirely dissipat$ at ! "t ( ! e>?quake1 ! air be+ !n q cle>1 & ! moon1 :i* want$ b #cf ( ! full1 %9+ v bright4 ,! e>?quake began ) a ro>+ noise 9 ! ,n4,w4 l ?und] at a di/ance2 & ?is grew fi]c]1 z ! e>?quake drew ne>]2 :i* 0 almo/ a m9ute 9 com+ to ?is place1 z ne> z ,i c collect f "o ( my neighb\rs1 :o 0 !n on ! road 9 ?is t[n4 ,he tells me1 t1 z soon z he he>d ! noise1 he /opt1 kn[+1 t x 0 an e>?quake1 & wait+ = x2 & he reckon$ he _h /ood /ill ab\t #b'1 :5 ! noise seem$ to ov]take him1 & ! e>? began to tremble "u him3 b1 z ,i d\bt$1 :e!r x 7 s long1 ,i c\nt$ sev]al numb]s to him z sl[ly z a clock beats seconds2 & !n he said1 he believ$ he c\ld h c\nt$ half an hundr$1 at t rate1 be=e ! noise & %ake came up to him4 ,by 8 acc\nt1 z well z t ( o!rs1 ! fir/ motion ( ! e>? 0 :at may be call$ a pulse1 or r an undulation2 & resembl$ 7to use 8 own comp>ison7 t ( a long roll+1 swell+ sea2 & ! swell 0 s great1 t he 0 oblig$ to run & cat* hold ( some?+1 to prev5t be+ ?r[n d[n4 ,! tops ( two trees close by him1 "o ( :i* is #be1 ! o!r #cj feet high1 he ?9ks wav$ at lea/ t5 feet 7& ,i dep5d on 8 judgm5t 9 ?is p>ticul>1 because he judg$ "r ( ! height ( ! trees1 z ,i f\nd by actual m5suration72 & !re 7 two ( ^! great wav+s1 succe$$ by "o1 :i* 0 small]4 ,?is sort ( motion1 aft] hav+ cont9u$1 z has be5 conjectur$1 ab\t a m9ute1 abat$ a little2 s t ,i1 :o 0 j !n wak$1 &1 ,i suppose1 mo/ o!rs1 imag9$1 t ! height ( ! %ock 0 pa/4 ,b in/antly1 )\t a mom5t's int]mission1 ! %ock came on ) r$\bl$ noise & viol5ce2 ?\gh ! species ( x 0 alt]$ to a tremor1 or quick horizontal vibratory motion1 ) sudd5 j]ks & wr5*es4 ,! b$1 on :i* ,i lay1 0 n[ toss$ f side to side2 ! :ole h\se 0 prodigi\sly agitat$2 ! w9d[s rattl$1 ! beams crack$1 z if all w\ld pres5tly be %ak5 to pieces4 ,:5 ?is _h cont9u$ ab\t #b'1 x began to abate1 & gradually kept decreas+1 z if x w\ld be soon ov]3 h[ev]1 be=e x _h q ceas$1 !re 0 a little revival ( ! trembl+ & noise1 ?\gh no-ways comp>able to :at _h be5 be=e3 b ?is pres5tly decreas$1 till all1 by degrees1 became /ill & quiet4 ,?us end$ ?is great %ock4 ,x 0 foll[$ by ano!r ab\t an h\r & a qu>t] aft]1 viz4 at #e #bi'4 ,?is1 ?\gh comp>atively small1 0 v g5]ally p]ceiv$1 bo? z to its noise & trembl+1 by ^? :o 7 awake4 ,on ! ,saturday ev5+ foll[+1 viz4 ! #bb;d ( ,novemb]1 at #bg' aft] eight1 !re 0 a ?ird1 m consid]able ?an ! second1 b n to be comp>$ ) ! fir/4 ,& on ,friday ! #ai? ( ,decemb] 9 ! ev5+1 exactly at t5 o' clock1 !re 0 a f\r? %ock1 mu* small] ?an ei!r ( ! =m]1 ?\gh1 l !m1 prec$$ by ! peculi> noise ( an e>?quake4 ,! :ole la/$ b a few seconds2 b ! j>r+ 0 great en\gh to cause ! w9d[-%utt]s & door ( ! room1 9 :i* ,i !n 01 to clatt]4 ,! sky 0 p]fectly cle>1 & !re 0 a v g5tle & sc>cely-p]ceptible gale at ,s4,w4 ,^! f\r are ! only %ocks1 t ,i h be5 s5sible ( f ! #ah? ( ,novemb] la/ to ?is date2 ?o' m are said to h be5 felt 9 o!r p>ts ( ! c\ntry to ! nor?w>d ( u4 ,z to ! duration ( ! great %ock1 p h diff]$ widely1 viz4 f #a' to #f or #g4 ,our pr9t$ acc\nts h g5]ally fix$ x to ab\t #b'1 or #c at ! mo/2 b z ^! 7 only ! unc]ta9 guesses ( p]sons1 :o _h no rule to guess by1 no dep5d5ce c be _h on !m4 ,i am well satisfi$1 t ) u x cont9u$ #d'1 or r #d' #a-;half2 tak+ 9 ! :ole ( ! "t1 f ! fir/ agitation ( ! e>? till x 0 become p]fectly quiet2 ?o' ! viol5ce ( ! %ock did n la/ above half s long4 ,?is ,i am assur$ (1 p>tly f ! obs]vations ( "s g5tlem51 :o 7 up1 & look$ on _! wat*es1 :5 x began & end$2 "o ( :om tells me x 0 #d'1 & ano!r1 t x 0 ne> #e2 & p>tly f my own obs]vations1 :i* 7 z foll[4 ,! prec$+ noon ,i _h adju/$ bo? my clock & wat* to ! app>5t "t1 by a m]idian l9e2 & ! foll[+ noon ,i f\nd1 t ! wat* _h kept "t exactly4 ,be+ awak$ by ! e>?quake1 ,i lay till ! viol5ce ( x seem$ to be ov] = ! second "t1 ! fir/ abatem5t happ5+ j aft] ,i wak$4 ,till !n ,i =bore to rise1 because ! agitation 0 s vehem5t1 t ,i conclud$ x w\ld be difficult1 if n impracticable1 to g f ! b$ to ! *imney1 )\t be+ ?r[n d[n2 & !re=e ?\ght x be/ n to attempt x4 ,! space ( "t1 9 :i* ,i lay awake1 ,i _c ?9k to be mu*1 if any ?+1 less ?an #b'4 ,?is 0 ! conjecture ,i =m$ at t "t2 ?\gh1 x be+ b conjecture1 ,i w\ld n lay v great /ress ^u x1 7 x n support$ by concurr+ obs]vations4 ,on ! second abatem5t ,i rose1 & light+ a c&le1 look$ on my wat*1 & f\nd x to be #ae' aft] f\r4 ,! %ock !n 0 n q ov]1 b ! w9d[s cont9u$ rattl+ = ab\t a m9ute long]1 z ne> z ,i c rememb]2 = ! %ock w5t (f v gradually4 ,z soon z ,i _h look$ on ! wat*1 ,i w5t directly to ! clock1 :i* 0 9 ano!r *amb]1 t ,i might see :e!r t agre$ ) ! wat*1 & f\nd t x 0 /opt at #d #aa' #ce''4 ,its /opp+1 h[ev]1 0 n imm$iately ow+ to ! viol5ce ( ! %ock1 ?\gh sev]al clocks1 & wat*es too1 at ,bo/on1 are said to h be5 /opp$ by x1 b to ! foll[+ accid5t3 ,hav+ "s "t be=e us$ a pretty long glass tube1 9 a p>ticul> exp]im5t1 ,i _h %ut x up 9 ! clock-case = security2 & ?is tube1 be+ ov]?r[n by ! e>?quake1 lodg$ aga9/ ! p5dulum1 & /opt its motion4 ,by ?is accid5t1 ! beg9n+ ( ! e>?quake1 ,i conceive1 is det]m9$ ) all ! exactness1 t c be desir$2 =1 s f> z ,i c le>n1 ! fir/ %ake 0 viol5t en\gh to ov]set s tall1 sl5d] a body1 & /&+ 9 a position s ne> a p]p5dicul>1 z t tube2 & x 0 impossible = ! p5dulum to make "o oscillation1 aft] ! tube _h /ruck aga9/ x4 ,b ,i am n able to fix ! end1 nor consequ5tly ! duration1 ) ! same exactness3 h[ev]1 f ! "t1 :5 ! clock /opt1 to my look+ on ! wat*1 x 0 ab\t #c' #a-;half2 & ! j>r+ 0 n q ov] till ab\t a m9ute aft] ?is3 s t ,i ?9k ,i speak )9 b\nds1 if ,i say1 t ?is %ock ) u la/$ at lea/ #d'4 ,9 o!r places1 its duration might possibly be diff]5t4 ,i 0 c>eful to note ! "t1 :5 we _h x1 z exactly z ,i c\ld1 9 hopes1 t1 by comp>+ x ) ! l acc\nts f di/ant places1 we might be able to judge1 ) a good degree ( exactness1 ( ! c\rse ( ?is e>?quake1 ! place ( its orig91 & ! velocity ( its progress4 ,b all ! acc\nts ( ! "t1 :i* ,i h yet se51 are s v lax1 t no j conclusions c be drawn f !m1 ) respect to ei!r ( ^! po9ts4 ,:at ,i h be5 able to collect ) relation to !m1 ,i %all set d[n pres5tly4 ,^?1 :o suppose ! duration mu* %ort]1 z #a' #a-;half1 or #b'1 urge1 t a m9ute is a long] space ( "t ?an mo/ p are aw>e (2 :i* is v true3 b x %\ld also be consid]$1 t if we judge ! l5g? ( any space ( "t by ! numb] ( ideas1 :i* pass ?r\gh our m9ds 9 t "t2 a v great fright1--a fright s great1 z to take intire possession ( ! m9d = a "t1 & %ut out e idea except t ( ! pres5t dang]1 w make u judge ! "t to be mu* %ort] ?an x really is4 ,& ?is1 ,i make no d\bt1 0 ! case ) _m2 ! surprise1 into :i* !y 7 ?r[n1 be+ su*1 z to keep out e idea1 except t1 :i* happ5$ to /rike _! m9ds ) ! greate/ =ce at ! beg9n+4 ,?us1 sev]al p]ceiv$ no noise di/9ct f t1 :i* 0 occasion$ by ! crackl+ ( _! h\ses1 & ! di/urbance ( ! moveables 9 !m2 :ile o!rs1 :o 7 wak$ by ! noise1 & ran f "o room to ano!r1 h told me1 t !y felt no?+ at all ( ! %ake4 ,= ?is reason1 ! conjectures1 :i* p]sons 9 ^! circum/ances made1 z to ! duration ( ! %ock1 ought n to be put into ! balance ) ! actual obs]vations made by wat*es4 ,! c\rse ( ?is e>?quake seems to h be5 ne>ly f ,n4,w4 to ,s4,e4 ,my neighb\r be=e-m5tion$1 :o 0 !n abroad1 & in=m$ me1 t ! noise began ab\t ! ,n4,w4 told me at ! same "t1 t x pass$ (f t[>ds ! ,s4,e4 & t he he>d ! noise 9 t qu>t] gradually abat+1 z x became m di/ant1 = ab\t ! same space ( "t aft] ! %ock 0 ov] "h1 z he he>d x 9 ! ,n4,w4 be=e ! %ock began "h4 ,o!r acc\nts1 :i* ,i h s9ce met )1 agree ) ?is4 ,^?1 :o 7 9 su* cle> op5 places1 c\ld make ! be/ judgm5t 9 ?is matt]2 = su*1 z 7 )9 doors1 or surr\nd$ ) build+s1 might easily be misl$ by ! v>i\s reflections ( ! s\nd4 ,i am induc$ to give ! great] cr$it to ?is in=mation by :at ,i obs]v$ myself3 = a key1 :i* 0 ?r[n f (f a %elf 9 my h\se1 0 f\nd at a place on ! floor1 :i* bore v ne> ,n4,w4 ( ! place1 f :i* x fell2 ?\gh ! situation ( x be=e its fall 0 su*1 t x might h be5 ?r[n 9 any direction1 except t[>ds ! ,s4,e4 ,an acc\nt1 :i* we h lately receiv$ f ! ,we/-,indies1 agrees v well ) ! supposition1 t our e>?quake proce$$ s\?-ea/w>d4 ,! acc\nt is1 t 'on ! #ah? ( ,novemb]1 ab\t two o'clock 9 ! aft]noon1 ! sea )drew f ! h>b\r ( ,/4 ,m>t9's1 leav+ ! vessels dry1 & fi% on ! banks1 :]e !re us$ to be ?ree or f\r fa?om wat]2 & cont9u$ out a consid]able "t2 s t ! p retir$ to ! high l&1 fe>+ ! consequ5ce ( its return2 & :5 x came 91 x arose six feet high] ?an usual1 s z to ov]fl[ ! l[ l&s4 ,!re 0 no %ock felt at ! above "t4' ,z ?is extraord9>y motion ( ! sea happ5$ ab\t #i aft] our great %ock1 x seems v likely to h be5 occasion$ by ! same convulsion ( ! e>?4 ,n[ if ?is e>?quake w5t (f s\?-ea/w>d into ! ,atlantic1 x mu/ h pass$ consid]ably to ! ea/w>d ( ,/4 ,m>t9's2 &1 9 fact1 x did n rea* t isl&1 !re be+ no %ock felt !re4 ,! motion ( ! sea !n 0 ow+ to a great agitation rais$ at a consid]able di/ance 9 "s "p or o!r ( ! ocean1 :]e ! e>?quake pass$1 & f !nce propagat$ to t isl&4 ,nor is ! l5g? ( "t great] ?an :at seems to be necess>y = ?is effect4 ,! e>?quake itself1 at ! rate x mov$ ) u1 w\ld be "s h\rs 9 go+ f h5ce to ! di/ance ( ,/4 ,m>t9's3 = s\nd w\ld be ab\t #b 9 mov+ to su* a di/ance2 & ! progress ( ! e>?quake 0 sl[] ?an t ( s\nd1 z appe>s f h5ce1 t ! ro> ( ?is e>?quake arriv$ "h ne> a m9ute be=e ! %ake4 ,! re/ ( ! #i might well be sp5t 9 convey+ ! motion excit$ 9 ! wat]1 f ! place :]e x 0 excit$1 to ,/4 ,m>t9's2 = ! waves rais$ !reby c\ld n move ) ne> ! velocity ( s\nd4 ,x is wor?y ( rem>k1 t1 ( ! five great e>?quakes1 :i* ?is c\ntry has felt s9ce its settlem5t by ! ,engli%1 two h gone ne>ly 9 ! same track z ?is la/ did4 ,! fir/1 :i* 0 on ,june #b4 #afch1 'came f ! nor?w>d1 & pass$ s\?w>d4' ,by ! description giv5 ( x1 x 0 v mu* l our late e>?quake1 only p]haps n q s viol5t4 ',! noise & %akes ( ! e>?quake1 ,octob] #bi4 #agbg1 seem$1' x is said1 'to come f ! nor?-we/w>d1 & to g (f s\?-ea/]ly2 & s ! h\ses seem$ to reel4' ,z to ! great e>?quakes ( #afeh & #affb1 we h no acc\nt ( ! c\rses1 :i* !y w5t 94 ,b1 f ! o!r ?ree1 x may be reasonably conjectur$1 t ! s\rce ( our e>?quakes1 or ! place 9 :i* !y orig9ate1 is 9 "s "p ( ,canada1 or p]haps beyond x4 ,! ext5t ( ?is e>?quake seems to h be5 great] ?an t ( any ( our =m] e>?quakes4 ,?is prov9ce ( ! ,massa*usetts-bay1 or r ! prov9ce ( ,new ,hamp%ire1 ab\t ! latitude ( #dc nor? on ! sea-coa/1 seems to h be5 ! c5t] ( x1 or ! place ( its greate/ viol5ce1 & ! %ake to h be5 less consid]able ea* way f h5ce t[>ds ! ,s4 ,w4 & ,n4 ,e4 ,by ! acc\nts we h f ! ,s4 ,w4 ! %ock 0 less at ,new ,york ?an x 0 ) u2 & /ill less at ,philadelphia1 :i* is f>!r t[>ds ! ,s4 ,w4 ,by ! be/ in=mation ,i c procure1 ! limit t[>d ! ,s4 ,w4 0 ,*esopeak-bay 9 ,m>yl&1 ! %ock hav+ be5 felt on ! ea/]n side ( t bay1 & n on ! we/]n4 ,= ! o!r limit t[>d ! ,n4 ,e4 we are in=m$1 t ! e>?quake 0 felt at ,annapolis ,royal 9 ,nova ,scotia1 ?\gh 9 a mu* less degree ?an ) u4 ,x %ook (f a few bricks f ! tops ( "s *imnies1 b 0 n p]ceiv$ by vessels on ! wat]4 ,& a lett] f ,halifax says1 ',! e>?quake1 :i* happ5$ 9 ! ,w4 ext5d$ itself to ?is place1 ?o' sc>cely p]ceivable "h4' ,b x 0 n at all felt by our army1 :i* lay encamp$ at ,seganecto1 ab\t #ajj miles ,n4 f ,halifax4 ,?us ,halifax seems to h be5 v ne> ! ,n4 ,e4 limit4 ,i am n able to asc]ta9 its ea/]n & we/]n limits2 b x ext5d$ to all our back inl& settlem5ts2 & 0 p]ceiv$1 ?\gh 9 a v small degree1 by our army at ,lake ,george1 di/ant f h5ce ab\t #acj miles ,n4 ,w4 by ,w4 ,b x 0 n felt at all at ! ,briti% =t ( ,oswego1 situate on ! s\?-ea/]n %ore ( ,lake ,ont>io1 & di/ant f h5ce ab\t #bcj miles ,w4 by ,n4 ,s great 0 ! %ock 9 ! ,atlantic1 #gj leagues to ! ,e4 ( ,cape ,anne1 t ! p on bo>d a vessel !re 7 sudd5ly surpris$1 j at ! "t ( our e>?quake1 suppos+ !y _h run a-gr\nd2 till1 on ?r[+ ov] ! lead1 !y f\nd !y _h m ?an #ej fa?om wat]4 ,! ext5t ( ! e>?quake ,e4 & ,w4 f ,halifax to ,lake ,george 0 ab\t #eej miles2 & its ext5t along ! sea-coa/1 f ,n4,e4 to ,s4,w4 at lea/ #hjj miles4 ,b if ! agitation ( ! wat] at ,/4 ,m>t9's 0 occasion$ by our e>?quake cont9u$ into ! ,atlantic1 z 0 conjectur$ above1 its ext5t1 9 a direction t[>d ! ,s4 ,s4 ,e4 mu/ h be5 at la/ #aijj miles4 ,i %all n[ proce$ to m5tion ! pr9cipal effects ( ?is e>?quake1 = :i* ,i c f9d suffici5t v\*]s2 = _m /range ?+s h be5 relat$1 :i*1 ^u exam9ation1 appe> to be )\t f\ndation4 ,besides ! ?r[+ d[n ( glass1 pewt]1 & o!r moveables 9 ! h\ses1 _m *imnies 7 levell$ ) ! ro(s ( ! h\ses1 & _m m %att]$1 & ?r[n d[n 9 "p4 ,"s 7 brok5 (f sev]al feet bel[ ! top1 &1 by ! sudd5ness & viol5ce ( ! j]ks1 cant$ horizontally an in* or two ov]1 s z to /& v dang]\sly4 ,"s o!rs 7 twi/$1 or turn$ r\nd 9 "p4 ,! ro(s ( "s h\ses 7 q brok5 9 by ! fall ( *imnies2 & ! gable ends ( "s brick build+s ?r[n d[n1 & _m m crack$4 ,?r\gh\t ! :ole c\ntry1 ! /one f5ces 7 m or less ?r[n d[n4 ,! vane ^u ! public m>ket-h\se 9 ,bo/on 0 ?r[n d[n2 ! wood5 sp9dle1 :i* support$ x1 ab\t five in*es 9 diamet]1 & :i* _h /ood ! mo/ viol5t gu/s ( w9d1 be+ snapt (f4 ,a new vane1 ^u "o ( ! *ur*es 9 ,bo/on1 0 b5t at its sp9dle two or ?ree po9ts ( ! compass2 & ano!r at ,spr+field1 di/ant ab\t #hj miles we/]ly f ,bo/on1 0 b5t to a "r angle4 ,a di/ill]s ci/]n1 made ( plank1 almo/ new1 & v /rong put toge!r1 0 bur/ to pieces by ! agitation ( ! liquor 9 x2 :i* 0 ?r[n out ) su* =ce1 z to break d[n "o :ole side ( ! %$1 t def5d$ ! ci/]n f ! wea!r2 z also to /ave (f a bo>d or two f a f5ce at ! di/ance ( eight or t5 feet f x4 ,9 "s p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 p>ticul>ly at ,pembroke & ,scituate1 ab\t #be miles ,s4,e4 f h5ce1 !re 7 sev]al *asms or op5+s made 9 ! e>?1 f "s ( :i* wat] has issu$1 & _m c>t-loads ( a f9e :iti% sort ( s&4 ,^! are ! pr9cipal effects ( ?is e>?quake on ! l&1 "s ( :i* argue a v quick & viol5t motion ( ! e>?4 ,?o' ! degree ( viol5ce 0 d\btless diff]5t 9 diff]5t places1 yet1 t ,i might make "s e/imate ( x ) u1 ,i measur$ ! greate/ di/ance on ! gr\nd1 to :i* any ( ! bricks1 :i* 7 ?r[n (f f ! tops ( my *imnies1 _h rea*$1 & f\nd x to be #cj feet1 & ! height f :i* !y fell 0 #cb feet4 ,n[ s9ce bodies fall ?ro' #af feet ne>ly 9 #a ( "t2 & ! times1 9 :i* !y fall ?r\gh o!r heights1 are 9 ! subduplicate ratio ( ^? heights2 x foll[s1 t ! velocity1 :]e) ^? bricks 7 ?r[n (f1 0 t ( above #ba feet 9 #a ( "t3 = ! subduplicate ratio ( #cb to #af is ! same z ! simple ratio ( #cj to a little m ?an #ba4 ,b ! velocity 0 less at less heights3 = ! key be=e spok5 (1 z ?r[n f (f a %elf 9 a *amb] 9 my h\se1 0 n ?r[n s f>1 9 proportion to ! height ?ro' :i* x fell1 z ! bricks 7 f ! top ( ! *imnies2 & 9 my l[] rooms no?+ 0 ?r[n d[n1 b a small bell 9 ! g>ret 0 made to r+ by x4 ,h5ce x appe>s1 t our build+s 7 rock$ ) a k9d ( angul> motion1 l t ( a cradle2 ! upp] p>ts ( !m mov+ swift]1 or ?ro' great] spaces 9 ! same "t1 ?an ! l[]2 ! natural consequ5ce ( an undulatory motion ( ! e>?4 ,b ! agitation occasion$ by ?is e>?quake 0 n conf9$ to ! l&3 x 0 v s5sible on ! wat]1 & ev5 at consid]able di/ances 9 ! ocean4 ,! vessels 9 our h>b\rs 7 s %ak51 t x seem$ to ^?1 :o 7 9 !m1 z if !y 7 beat+ on ! bottom4 ,"s1 t 7 9 ! bay1 com+ 9 f sea1 ?\ght !y _h run ^u rocks or s&s4 ,"o v uncommon effect ( ?is concussion is relat$ by sev]al ( our seaf>+ m51 t almo/ imm$iately aft] ! e>?quake1 l>ge numb]s ( fi% ( diff]5t sorts1 bo? great & small1 came up to ! surface ( ! wat]1 "s dead1 & o!rs dy+4 ,! c5t] ( our =m] e>?quakes1 z well z ( ?is1 seems to h be5 ne> ! riv] ,m]rimac1 ab\t ! latitude ( #dc nor?1 & #dj miles nor? f h5ce2 _m %ocks hav+ be5 felt 9 t neighb\rhood1 :i* did n ext5d to ?is place4 ,! late ,rev4 ,mr4 ,plant ( ,newbury1 :i* is situat$ at ! m\? ( t riv]1 has giv5 a v p>ticul> j\rnal1 9 ,philos4 ,transact4 ,n4 #dfb4 ( ! %ocks felt !re f #agbg to #agda1 few ( :i* 7 p]ceiv$ "h or at ,bo/on4 ,i rememb] none aft] ! memorable #bi? ,octob] #agbg1 beside t on #cj? ,janu>y #agbh1 ab\t two 9 ! aft]noon2 & t on #e? ,septemb] #agcb1 :i*1 by 8 acc\nt1 did consid]able damage at ,montreal 9 ,canada1 b x 0 v small at ,bo/on4 ,t also on #f? ,febru>y #agcg1 ab\t a qu>t] pa/ f\r 9 ! aft]noon1 :i* he calls a consid]able %ock1 0 p]ceiv$ at ,bo/on2 & s 0 t on #g? ,decemb] foll[+1 a little be=e #aa 9 ! night4 ,f ! conclusion ( ,mr4 ,plant's j\rnal1 till ! e>?quake :i* is ! subject ( ?is lett]1 ,i "k ( none1 b t :i* happ5$ on ,sunday ,june #c1 #agdd1 at a qu>t] aft] t5 9 ! morn+4 ,! ro> ( ?is 0 z l\d z any ,i ev] he>d1 b ! %ake n s great4 ,! day 0 v fair & hot1 ) a little w9d 9 ! morn+ at ,w4,s4,w4 :i* 9 ! aft]noon came r\nd to ,n4,n4,w4 ,! season prec$+ 0 hot & dry1 !re hav+ be5 no ra9 f #bc;d ,may4 ,on ! #a/ ,june1 at f\r 9 ! aft]noon1 ,hauksbee's !rmomet] /ood at #e1b2 on ! #b;d1 at five 9 ! aft]noon1 x 0 at #a1 ) high w9d at ,s4,w42 on ! #c;d1 at eight 9 ! morn+1 x 0 at #ai1h2 & at six #a-;half 9 ! aft]noon at #c1h4 ,f ! #a/ ,june to ! #b;d1 at ! h\rs j m5tion$1 ! b>omet] _h fall5 f #bi1ib to #bi1hb2 f :i* "t x cont9u$ ris+ till ! #d? at eight 9 ! morn+1 :5 x 0 got up to #cj1ab2 be+1 at ! "t ( ! e>?quake1 at #bi1id4 ,! re/ ( ! mon? ! wea!r 0 9 g5]al v hot1 ) _m ?und]-%[]s4 ,z ! late ,hon4 ,judge ,dudley1 :o has giv5 a v j acc\nt ( ! great e>?quake ( #bi ,oct4 #agbg1 9 ,philos4 ,trans4 ,n4 #dcg1 has ins]t$ an acc\nt ( ! wea!r 9 ! prec$+ "p ( t ye>2 & z our la/ e>?quake happ5$ at ! same "t ( ! ye> z t did1 )9 #h or #i days 7reg>d be+ _h to ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! ,julian & ,gregorian /yles72 ,i hope x w n be disagreeable1 if ,i give an acc\nt ( our wea!r ! la/ ye>3 9 do+ :i*1 ,i %all foll[1 z ne> z may be1 ,mr4 ,dudley's me?od1 sett+ d[n ! p>ticul>s 9 correspond+ columns1 t s a comp>ison may m easily be made betwe5 ^! two ye>s4 ,,wea!r 9 #agbg1 ,o4 ,/4 #agee1 ,n4 ,/4 ,janu>y & ,febru>y ,janu>y1 b especially v mod]ate4 ,febru>y1 v mod]ate4 ,beg9n+ ( ,m>*1 a #d? ( ,m>* ! greate/ great deal ( sn[1 & /orm ( sn[ we _h "s cold wea!r3 aft]w>ds1 all w9t]4 ,! :ole pleasant1 ra9 at mon? cold] ?an ,febru>y4 times1 & once ?und] & lightn+4 ,april1 = ! mo/ "p1 ,april1 no?+ v rem>kable4 fair1 pleasant4 ,pl5tiful ,no hot wea!r4 ra91 beg9n+ & end ,ea* ( ^! f\r ( ! mon?4 mon?s af=d$ m sn[ & ra91 ?an ! common quantity1 tak5 at a m$ium = #g ye>s toge!r4 ,may1 beg9n+1 pleasant2 ,fir/ #bj days ( ,may1 !n a great deal ( dry2 #ad to #ah inclusive1 ra92 aft]w>ds1 cold & uncommonly hot2 latt] v dry4 "p1 frequ5t ?und]-%[]s4 ,! :ole mon? dri] ?an ! m$ium4 ,june1 abundance ( ,june1 t5 ?und] %[]s2 ?und] & lightn+4 #ae to #bj inclusive1 uncommonly cool4 ,! drie/ ,june s9ce #agdi4 ,july1 v dry2 a great ,july1 sev5 ?und]-%[]s1 deal ( ?und] & lightn+4 & a little m ra9 ?an ! m$ium4 ,augu/1 exce$+ hot ,augu/1 n v hot2 & dry4 ,"o pl5tiful mu* dri] ?an ! m$ium4 ra94 ,septemb]1 till ! middle1 ,septemb]1 v>iable2 v hot4 ,m hot #aj to #ad inclusive1 uncommonly wea!r ?an 9 any summ]4 hot2 sev]al ,middle1 a viol5t o!r days uncommonly nor?-ea/ /orm1 ) a cool4 ,^u ! :ole1 great deal ( ra94 ! summ] r cool ?an hot4 ,! hotte/ wea!r 0 9 ! middle ( ,may4 ,no great ra9s2 b r m ?an ! m$ium4 ,octob]1 a pretty deal ,octob]1 a great deal ( cold wea!r4 ( cold wea!r4 ,?und]-%[]s #bc1 a great deal ( ra91 on ! #ac? ) ! ,s4 w9d4 & #ag?4 ,sn[ on ! #be1 at night a h>d fro/4 #bj?1 #be?1 #bi?1 #cj?4 #bf1 ,w9t]i% wea!r1 ,b ! quantity ( ra9 & a little sn[4 & sn[ 9 ! :ole #bh1 ,cold4 ,w9d ,n4,w4 mon? less ?an ! m$ium4 #bi1 ,cold4 ,little w9d at ,n4,w4 ,ev5+ q calm1 & a cle> sky4 ,novemb] began ) cold & wet1 !re fall+1 9 ! elev5 fir/ days #c1djd in*es ( ra92 & on ! #aa? 9 ! morn+ !re 0 ?und] & lightn+ ) ! ra92 & at a qu>t] pa/ two 9 ! aft]noon1 ! b>omet] 0 at #bi1df2 :i* 0 l[] ?an x _h be5 s9ce ! #ae? ( ,octob]4 ,f !nce1 till ! day ( ! e>?quake1 my di>y /&s ?us3 ,novemb] #agee4 ,hauksb4 ,d4 ,h4 ,b>om4,!rm4 ,w9d4,wea!r4 ,ra91 c4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- #ab #g ,m#bi1gh #fc1g ,w #a,v fair4 ,some:at foggy4 1#jjc #b ,e #hb #ea1g ,w #a;,fair4 #ac #i ,m#cj1ad #fh ,,nw #b,v fair4 #f ,e #ba #ef1h ,,nnw #a;,cle>4 #ad #h ,m #db #fi1d #j;,fair4 #a ,e #de #ei ,,ne #b,v cl\dy4 #h ,e #e 4 4 ,,ne #a;,cle>4 #ae #h ,m #d #gd1f #j;,cl\dy4 ,hazy4 ,:ite fro/4 #d ,e #cb #fj1e ,e #a,v fair4 #af #j ,m #bg #gj1h #j;,foggy4 #b ,e #bh #ei1i ,n #a;,fair4 1#jac #i ,e #cb 44 ,n #a;,fair ) cl\ds4 ,foggy4 #ag #h ,m #c #gj1a ,n #a;,cov]'d4 ,foggy4 #a ,e #bg #ei ,e #a,v fair4 ,ev5 some: foggy4 1#jja #ah #d ,m #ag #gd1a #j;,cle>4 ,a viol5t e>?quake4 #h ,m #af #gh #j,v fair4 ,great :ite fro/4 #c ,e #aa #eh1c ,e #a,v fair & hazy4 1#jag #aj ,e #jh #fi1a #j;,cle>4 ,some:at hazy4 ,f ?is "t ! b>omet] rose till ! #bj?1 :51 at #h ,m4 x 0 up at #cj1dd1 ! sky cov]$1 w9d ,n #b4 ,!n x fell till ! #bc;d at #f ,e1 :5 x 0 s l[ z #bh1hg2 :i* 0 l[] ?an x _h be5 s9ce ! #f? ( ,febru>y la/4 ,! aft]noon ( ! #bb;d1 & night foll[+1 :5 we _h ano!r %ock1 x 0 calm1 & ra9$ #a1bje in*es4 ,?is leads me to obs]ve1 t ?\gh ! s]5ity1 z well z calmness1 ( ! air1 is a circum/ance tak5 notice ( 9 _m e>?quakes1 bo? 9 ?is & 9 o!r p>ts ( ! _w2 yet x does n always obta91 at lea/ 9 ! small] %ocks1 &1 s f> z ,i h _h opportunity to obs]ve1 ! calmness ( ! air has m con/antly att5d$ ^u e>?quakes1 ?an its cle>ness4 ,! :ite fro/ on ! morn+ ( ! e>?quake1 :i*1 :5 melt$1 ,i f\nd to be ( ! dep? ( #ag_/ajjj ( an in*1 0 almo/ d\ble ( any :ite fro/ we h _h = sev5 ye>s pa/1 & ab\t five or six times z great z we commonly h4 ,! b>omet] & !rmomet] und]w5t no alt]ation at ! "t ( ! e>?quake3 only1 my b>omet]1 :i* has an op5 ci/]n ( quicksilv]1 & /ood 9 a *amb]1 0 s agitat$1 t "p ( ! quicksilv] 0 da%$ ov] ! sides ( ! ci/]n1 & scatt]$ ^u ! floor4 ,?is ci/]n 0 a cyl9dric cup1 ^: sides 7 an in* high] ?an ! surface ( ! quicksilv]4 ,i %all n pret5d to make a comp>ison betwe5 ! wea!r ( ! two =e-m5tion$ ye>s1 nor inquire h[ f> ,mr4 ,dudley's conjecture 7,phil4 ,trans4 ,n4 #dcg4 p4 #ff471 z to ! influ5ce ( ! wea!r 9 produc+ ! e>?quake ( #agbg1 might be affect$ by su* a comp>ison4 ,i *oose to leave ?is to y1 ,sir1 & to ! o!r g5tlem5 ( ! ,royal ,society1 :o1 ,i "k1 are mu* bett] able to make a prop] judgm5t 9 ?is matt]2 & beg leave to subscribe1 ) ! greate/ respect to t illu/ri\s ,society & y\rself1 ,rev]5d ,sir1 ,y\r mo/ ob$i5t1 & mo/ humble ,s]vant1 ,john ,w9?rop4 ,cambridge 9 ,new ,engl&1 #aj ,jan4 #agef4 ,,ii4 ,! /range ,effects ( "s eff]vesc5t ,mixtures2 9 a ,lett] f ,dr4 ,james ,m\nsey1 ,physician ( ! ,russian ,army1 & ,f4,r4,s4 to ,mr4 ,h5ry ,bak]1 ,f4,r4,s4 ,communicat$ by ,mr4 ,bak]4 ,mosc[1 ,sept4 #bj?1 #agef4 ,read ,jan4 #bj1 #ageg4 ,,mr4 ,butl]1 a pap]-/a9]1 try+ to make "s discov]ies = ! bett] fix+ ( col\rs1 0 put 9 great dang] ( 8 life by ! foll[+ exp]im5ts3 ,hav+ put into "o gallipot a qu>t] ( an ounce ( v]degris1 & into ano!r pot two leaves ( false-gold leaf1 to ea* he p\r$ ab\t a spoonful ( aqua-=tis4 ,!y began imm$iately to f]m5t1 especially ! gold-leaf4 ,he 0 v assidu\s 9 /irr+ !m1 to make ! solution p]fect4 ,hav+ no?+ else at h&1 he did ?is ) a pair ( small sciss>s1 at arm's l5g?1 c>efully turn+ away 8 face1 to prev5t ! fumes f ent]+ 8 lungs4 ,he 0 call$ away1 ab\t o!r bus9ess1 be=e he _h q end$ 8 process2 & soon aft] wa%$ & %ift$ himself3 b _h sc>ce f9i%$ be=e he felt a burn+ pa9 9 ! r+-f+] ( 8 "r h&1 :i* he imput$ to 8 hav+ inadv]t5tly t\*$ ! aqua-=tis4 ,?is increas$ e mom5t1 & affect$ ! :ole h& ) burn+ pa9 & swell+1 :i* v soon subsid$2 b !n x flew into ! left h&1 &1 a few m9utes aft]w>ds1 into ! insides ( 8 legs1 z if scald+ wat] _h be5 ?r[n on !m4 ,8 /ock+s be+ imm$iately pull$ (f1 !re appe>$ a great _m r$ spots1 z l>ge z six-p5ces1 some?+ rais$ above ! sk91 & all cov]$ ) v small bli/]s4 ,9 ab\t two h\rs aft] ! accid5t1 ,i fir/ saw him3 he 0 v uneasy1 compla9+ ( pa91 & great anxiety1 at ! pit ( ! /oma*1 z if a burn+ hot iron 0 laid on x3 s he express$ himself4 ,8 pulse 0 regul>1 b sl[] & weak] ?an natural3 he _h a nausea1 & compla9$ ( a v copp]y smell & ta/e4 ,i ord]$ "s alcal9e volatile m$ic9es1 & to dr9k small sack-:ey4 ,he vomit$ once1 & _h f\r or five /ools1 & !n 8 /oma* grew easy4 ,b ! sc5e soon began aga9 ) lanc+ pa9 9 ! left eye4 ,he cont9u$ ! same m$ic9es1 drank pl5tifully ( ! :ey1 & 0 kept 9 a brea?+ sweat1 by :i* he f\nd "s ease at night3 b :5ev] ! sweat+ less5$1 ! burn+ pa9s return$ 9 broad flakes1 *ang+ f "o "p ( ! body to ! o!r2 sometimes ) %oot+s 9 8 eye1 & sometimes along ! p5is1 b he _h no heat ( ur9e4 ,8 pulse cont9u$ regul>1 b weak2 & 9 sev]al places ( 8 body su* k9d ( spots /ruck out z ^? on 8 legs4 ,monday1 ! ?ird day1 9 ! morn+1 aft] sleep+ well1 8 pulse 0 some:at rais$1 & he cont9u$ easy till ab\t elev5 o' clock1 :5 ! burn+ pa9s return$1 %oot+ f place to place2 b always s sup]ficial1 t he c\ld n di/+ui% :e!r x 0 9 or "u ! sk94 ,rubb+ ! "p affect$ ) "o's h& gave ease3 b :5 ! sweat+ w5t (f1 & ! burn+s & %oot+s became insuff]able1 ,i always put him into a ba? ( hot wat]1 ) "s wood a%es1 kept ready 9 ! room2 :i* gave him great relief4 ,?is aft]noon he felt viol5t burn+ pa9 9 8 great toes1 & sometimes 9 8 left h&1 ) %oot+s up to ! %\ld]4 ,once he cri$ out1 9 great pa91 t 8 %\ld] 0 bur/2 = he felt some?+ fly out ) a sort ( explosion3 b1 exam9+ ! "p1 ,i f\nd no?+ p>ticul>4 ,he obs]v$1 :5 ! flaky burn+s began1 !y 7 z if !y k9dl$ f a po9t1 & fla%$ l lightn+1 z he t]m$ x4 ,he 0 v (t5 torm5t$ ) su* pa9s on ! pit ( ! /oma*2 & ?is ev5+ _h %oot+s ?ro' ! back1 ) a pa9 9 ! belly4 ,he compla9$ ( a /rong sulphur\s smell1 :i*1 he said1 0 l to suffocate him2 ?o' 8 brea?+ seem$ easy1 & 8 lungs no way affect$4 ,9 ! night he 0 seiz$ ) great pa9 ab\t ! he>t1 & cri$ out viol5tly1 t 8 he>t 0 on fire3 b aft] tak+ a dose ( n]v\s m$ic9es1 & be+ put into ! ba?1 he 0 soon fre$ f ?is1 & pass$ ! re/ ( ! night tol]ably well4 ,at ! "t ( su* viol5t attacks ! pulse cont9u$ regul>1 b /ill sl[] & s(t] ?an usual4 ,tuesday4 ,he compla9$ mo/ ( 8 toes1 & n[ & !n burn+ pa9s 9 ! =ehead4 ,w$nesday4 ,?is :ole day x cont9u$ mo/ 9 ! toes ( ! left foot2 b 9 ! ev5+ ! pa9 on ! /oma* return$1 :i* lanc$ to ! left side1 ) d>t+s inw>dly4 ,he became s uneasy & re/less1 t ,i 0 oblig$ to add "s opium to ! o!r m$ic9es2 :i* answ]$ v well4 ,?ursday4 ,! pa9s kept mo/ 9 ! toes ( ! left foot4 ,friday4 ,no?+ p>ticul>1 except 8 feel+1 ) %>p pa91 a sp>k 7z he call$ x7 fly out ( 8 "r *eek1 9 ! same way1 he said1 z t1 :i* bur/ on 8 %\ld]1 b mu* less4 ,he p]ceiv$ no pa9 9 t "p be=e ?is2 nor any ?+ aft]1 besides a sor5ess1 :i* la/$ = "s days4 ,hi!rto he _h be5 kept 9 a cont9ual sweat3 8 appetite 0 great] ?an 8 all[ance1 8 dige/ion good2 & 8 re/ indiff]5t4 ,f ?is "t he 0 n attack$ by any viol5t symptoms2 & c\ld be quiet1 ?o' he did n sweat4 ,on ,sunday he began to get out ( b$2 b 0 (t5 seiz$ ) gl[+ pa9s1 sudd5ly affect+ diff]5t p>ts ( ! body2 :i* seldom cont9u$ an h\r 9 "o "p1 b %ift$ f place to place3 ^! he 0 tr\bl$ )1 9 a less degree1 ev5 long aft] he w5t abroad4 ,by c>e & wat*fulness ! viol5ce ( ! symptoms 7 kept "u2 &1 by ! use ( antidotes = poisons ( ! nature ( :at he receiv$ ?is f1 ! disease 0 ov]come1 & ! pati5t recov]$ 8 p]fect heal? & /r5g?4 ,,iii4 ,extract ( a ,lett] ( ,j4 ,wall1 ,m4 ,d4 to ! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,lyttelton1 ,dean ( ,exet]1 & ,f4,r4,s4 conc]n+ ! good ,effects ( ,malv]ne ,wat]s 9 ,worce/]%ire4 ,worce/]1 ,dec4 #bb4 #agef4 ,read ,jan4 #bj1 #ageg4 ,,sir1 ,,! ,malv]ne ,wat] mu* des]ves enc\ragem5t1 sev]al v extraord9>y cures hav+ be5 done by x lately4 ,i propose to make a collection ( ! pr9cipal1 & publi% !m1 z an app5dix to my little treatise4 ,among/ o!r rem>kable in/ances ( _! great effects are ! foll[+1 :i* h happ5$ ?is ye>4 ,a poor woman1 =m]ly a pati5t 9 our infirm>y = a fi/ul\s ulc] 9 ! hip1 & ano!r 9 ! gro91 :i* p5etrat$ ! abdom51 has receiv$ h] cure !re1 ?o' %e 0 r$uc$ to s great a degree1 z to be ?\ght incurable1 & s5t into ! c\ntry on a milk-diet1 c4 z ! la/ res\rce4 ,! dis*>ge f ! sores 0 prodigi\sly great1 & s (f5sive1 t %e c\ld h>dly be borne 9 a room4 ,! wat] took (f ! ill smell almo/ in/antly2 ! dis*>ge soon less5$1 & grew ?ick & well-condition$2 h] hectic symptoms w5t (f 9 proportion2 &1 by cont9u+ ! use ( ! wat] = five or six mon?s1 %e is cur$4 ,a woman ) a phag$5ic ulc] 9 ! *eek1 ?roat1 & nose1 f an ozna 9 ! holl[ ( ! *eek-bone1 receiv$ great relief ?is ye>1 9 five or six weeks "t2 ! ext]nal ulc]1 :i* _h almo/ de/roy$ ! :ole *eek1 be+ heal$ 9 t "t1 & ! o!r p>ts mu* am5d$4 ,h] affairs w\ld n p]mit h] a long] cont9uance at ! well2 b %e cont9ues ! use ( ! wat] at home1 & f9ds great relief f x !re4 ,i hope ano!r season w complete ! cure4 ,mr4 ,p>ry1 ( ,cl5t1 _h 8 sk9 cle>$1 & p]fectly heal$1 9 five weeks2 ?o'1 :5 he came to ! well1 he 0 cov]$ ) an elephantiasis2 = :i* he _h tri$ mo/ ( ! purg+ wat]s1 & sea-wat]1 "u ! direction ( ,dr4 ,russell1 )\t effect4 ,s bad 0 he1 t he c\ld n move a limb b ! sk9 crack$1 & ouz$ out a fil?y sanies2 & he left ! m>k ( 8 body e night 9 8 b$4 ,! wat]s h also _h ano!r v surpris+ effect on him3 = !y h be5 8 ,helicon1 & conv]t$ him into a poet2 he hav+ writt5 a poem on ! occasion1 :i* he %ew$ to ,"l ,foley & ,dr4 ,dalton4 ,i "k a ,lady1 :o1 we _h great reason to fe>1 _h an int]nal canc]1 :o has lately receiv$ great advantage f ! use ( ^! wat]s1 aft] o!r ?+s _h be5 tri$ unsuccessfully4 ,i c\ld s5d _m m in/ances2 b ! compass ( a lett] w n admit ( x3 & ,i %\ld be afraid ( hav+ tir$ y already1 did ,i n "k1 t x mu/ give y pleasure to he> ( its ext5sive utility4 ,i am1 ,sir1 ,y\r mo/ oblig$ humble ,s]vant1 ,j4 ,wall4 ,,iv4 ,an ,acc\nt ( ! ,c>lsbad ,m9]al ,wat]s 9 ,bohemia3 ,9 a ,lett] to ! ,"r ,hon\rable ! ,e>l ( ,macclesfield1 ,presid5t ( ! ,r4 ,s4 by ! ,rev4 ,j]emiah ,milles1 ,d4,d4 ,f4,r4,s4 ,read ,jan4 #bj1 #ageg4 ,my ,"l1 ,,mr4 ,watson hav+ fav\r$ ! ,society ) an ,acc\nt ( ,dr4 ,spr5gsfeld's treatise on ! ,c>lsbad wat]s1 ,i h tak5 ! lib]ty to submit to y\r ,lord%ip "s obs]vations on ! same subject1 :i* ,i made dur+ my /ay 9 t place2 toge!r ) "s specim5s ( diff]5t sorts ( incru/ations1 :i* are =m$ by ^? wat]s4 ,c>lsbad is a small t[n1 situat$ on ! conf9es ( ,bohemia1 at ! di/ance ( #ad ,g]man1 or #bh ,fr5*1 leagues we/ ( ,prague4 ,x is rem>kable = its w>m m9]al spr+s1 :i* are said to h be5 accid5tally discov]$1 9 ! ye> #acgj1 by ! ,emp]or ,*>les ! ,i,vth1 z he 0 hunt+2 f :om !y receiv$ _! pres5t "n ( ,c>lsbad1 or ,*>les's ba?4 ,^! wat]s soon gr[+ into repute1 occasion$ ! build+ ( a small neat t[n1 consi/+ *iefly ( h\ses calculat$ = ! accommodation ( ! company1 :o frequ5t ?is place 9 ! summ] "t4 ,!re are two w>m spr+s1 :i* rise 9 ! middle ( ! t[n1 v ne> ea* o!r3 & ?o' !y are suppos$ to be ( ! same quality1 yet1 z "o is mu* w>m]1 x is ?\ght likewise to be m efficaci\s ?an ! o!r4 ,! =m] ( ^!1 call$ ! ,brudel1 rises v ne> ! b$ ( ! small riv] ,tepel :i* runs ?ro' ! middle ( ! t[n1 & is sometimes ov]fl[$ by x4 ,! wat] issues ) great =ce f ! bottom ( ?is spr+1 ris+ 9 a consid]able body to ! height ( six feet p]p5dicul>2 & w\ld =ce itself mu* high]1 if x 7 conf9$ )9 a n>r[] compass4 ,! spr+ is inclos$ ) a squ>e wall1 )9 :i* are fix$ ?ree wood5 pipes1 :i* convey ! wat] f ! bottom ( ! spr+ into a res]voir2 :i* di/ributes x into a numb] ( small tr\ghs1 communicat+ ) ! sev]al ba?+-h\ses1 :i* are built on bo? sides ( ! riv] = ! use ( ! pati5ts4 ,?is spr+ is s impetu\s1 t !y are oblig$ to pave & ramm ! b$ ( ! riv]1 le/ x %\ld =ce itself up 9 ! *annel3 & ,i obs]v$ "o place on ! riv] side1 :]e x _h bur/ ?ro' ! rock2 & !y _h be5 oblig$ to conf9e x1 by fa/5+ d[n a l>ge /one on ! orifice4 ,! wat] ( ?is spr+ is s hot1 t y _c be> y\r h& 9 x2 & ! inhabitants make use ( x = scald+ _! pigs & _! p\ltry4 ,! wat]1 :5 put into a glass1 has a blui% ca/1 n unlike t ( an opal3 & ?o' ,i c\ld n discov]1 t 9 #bd h\rs x _h deposit$ ! lea/ s$im5t1 yet !re 0 a ?9 :iti% scum collect$ on ! surface2 & ,i obs]v$ ! same 9 ! ba?s1 :]e x 0 mu* ?ick]2 & 0 ( ! col\r1 & almo/ ( ! consi/5ce1 ( a waf]4 ,x has a salt ta/e :5 fir/ tak5 f ! wat]1 & is made use ( by ! inhabitants = clean+ ( tee? & sc\r+ silv]3 x is call$ ,bad5 ,flaum4 ,?o' ?is wat] does n deposit any s$im5t1 yet x is rem>kable = ! spe$y & /rong incru/ation ( all bodies1 :i* are put into x4 ,little plai/] figures are sold "h1 on purpose to v]ify ! exp]im5t2 :i*1 ?o' p]fectly :ite :5 put into ! spr+1 are1 9 eight-&-=ty h\rs1 entirely cov]$ ) a yell[ incru/ation4 ,! same effect is obs]v$ on ! pipes & *annels1 ?ro' :i* ! wat] is convey$4 ,if c>e 7 n tak5 to clean !m f\r or five times a ye>1 !y w\ld be intirely *oak$ up2 & 9 "s p>ts1 :]e x has n be5 necess>y to clean !m s (t51 ,i h se5 !m cov]$ ) an incru/ation two in*es ?ick4 ,9 surr\nd+ & cov]+ ^! wood5 pipes1 !y d n *ange ! nature ( ! wood2 b x is obs]vable1 t !y add great h>dness & solidity to x3 s t x is affirm$ a piece ( deal w la/ a hundr$ ye>s 9 ?is wat]4 ,! head spr+ is cle>$ out once 9 #cj or #dj ye>s1 ) a v great exp5ce3 at :i* "t !y are oblig$ to break (f all ! /ony incru/ation1 :i* _h be5 made by ! wat] s9ce ! la/ clean+2 & if neglect$ w\ld 7z x has sometimes actually done7 *oak ! passages1 & oblige ! spr+ to f9d v5t 9 "s o!r place4 ,! incru/ations =m$ by ^! wat]s are ( diff]5t k9ds3 t1 :i* is made 9 ! tr\ghs & pipes1 ?ro' :i* ! wat] is convey$ aft] x comes above gr\nd1 is ( a light s&y nature1 ( a loose contexture1 & a bright yell[4 ,x is us$ by ! inhabitants z a g5tle corrosive = eat+ (f pr\d fle%4 ,!re is ano!r ( a d>k] col\r1 & a mu* h>d] nature1 :i* is f\nd at ! v m\? ( ! spr+1 :]e x bur/s out ( ! rock4 ,!re are o!r sorts tak5 out ( ! subt]rane\s cavities ( ! spr+ at ! "t x 0 clean$4 ,9 :at mann] !y are =m$1 is n s easy to det]m9e2 unless !re 7 an opportunity ( obs]v+ 9 :at mann] & direction !y lie )9 ! spr+4 ,!y seem to be an alaba/r9e sp>1 & are beautifully m>k$ ) /rait ve9s ( diff]5t col\rs1 :i* may be suppos$ to h receiv$ _! t+e f ! diff]5t col\r ( ! spr+-wat] at ! "t :5 ?is s$im5t1 or r scum1 0 =m$ ^u x4 ,!y f9d pieces ( ?is k9d mo/ beautifully v>iegat$2 & "s ( !m l>ge en\gh1 by f9e]+ to make tables3 ^! poli% v well1 & are n mu* inf]ior to jasp] 9 appe>ance4 ,x is a "p ( ! manufacture ( ! place1 to "w ?is sort ( /one into snuff-boxes1 cane-heads1 & sleeve-buttons4 ,!re is likewise ano!r sort ( incru/ation diff]5t f all ^!1 :i* 0 f\nd "s ye>s ago1 9 digg+ = ! f\ndations ( ! new p>i%-*ur*1 :i* is ab\t #cjj y>ds di/ant f ! ,brudel spr+4 ,!y f\nd !re ! same k9d ( wat]2 b x did n rise ) s great =ce z 9 ! o!r spr+3 & !y discov]$ 9 ! cavities l>ge masses ( a /ony concretion1 :i* 7 a sort ( pisoli?i1 mo/ ( !m 9 a globul>1 b "s 9 an oval =m1 f ! smalle/ size to ! bigness ( a nutmeg2 ! =m] sort ly+ 9 masses1 ! latt] g5]ally s+le & deta*$3 !y are p]fectly :ite1 h>d1 & smoo?1 & appe> to consi/ ( a great numb] ( lamell =m$ r\nd a small nucleus4 ,?is sort ( incru/ation has be5 f\nd 9 no o!r place2 b !re are "s ( a br[n] sort1 & m irregul> %apes1 :i* are tak5 out ( ! ,brudel4 ,! m$ic9al virtues ( ^! wat]s h be5 treat$ ( by ,g]man au?ors4 ,!y are e/eem$ to be p>ticul>ly efficaci\s 9 remov+ ob/ructions1 & 9 cases ( ! /one & gravel2 ( :i* ! treatise lately produc$ to ! ,society conta9s _m rem>kable pro(s4 ,!y are mu* frequ5t$ 9 ^! & 9 o!r cases2 s t !y h g5]ally #bjj p]sons 9 a season dr9k+ ! wat]s4 ,! season beg9s 9 ,may1 & ends 9 ,augu/4 ,!y dr9k !m 9 ! foll[+ me?od4 ,!y beg9 ) a purge2 & assi/ its op]ation ) t5 or twelve *ocolate-cups ( ! wat]1 tak5 )9 five m9utes ( ea* o!r4 ,! day foll[+ !y take ! wat]s 9 ! same quantity1 & at ! same int]vals1 keep+ !mselves all ! "t 9 a w>m room2 :i*1 ) ! w>m? ( ! wat]s1 occasions a mo/ pl5tiful p]spiration4 ,?is is repeat$ = sev5 or eight days1 increas+ daily two or ?ree cups ( ! wat]1 till !y come to dr9k #be or #cj cups a day4 ,! op]ation cont9ues f eight ( ! clock 9 ! morn+ till noon4 ,"s ble$ once 9 ! middle ( ! c\rse1 o!rs n at all4 ,aft] !y h f9i%$ ?is c\rse ( dr9k+1 !y ba! two days successively1 cont9u+ 9 ! ba? half an h\r1 or long]1 z _! /r5g? p]mits !m1 or _! case requires4 ,?is is ! :ole c\rse2 :i* is repeat$ two or ?ree times1 or (t5]1 z !y f9d necess>y4 ,! :ole is conclud$ ) a g5tle purge1 ?o' ! wat]s !mselves are ( a laxative nature4 ,!re is ano!r spr+ 9 ! t[n ( ! same nature1 b n s w>m1 z ! ,brudel3 x is call$ ! ,mill-spr+1 & is only tepid4 ,^? ( a w>m or weak con/itution make use ( ?is in/ead ( ! o!r1 bo? = dr9k+ & ba?+4 ,!re are likewise sev]al *alybeat spr+s 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,c>lsbad2 "o at half a mile1 & ! o!r at two leagues di/ance f ! t[n4 ,bo? ( !m seem to resemble ! wat] ( ! ,pohun spr+ at ,spa2 b are n ne> s /rong4 ,!y d n use !m m$ic9ally on ! spot2 b !y are br\ght to ,c>lsbad1 & sold1 9 ord] to be drank ) _! w9e4 ,i am1 ,my ,"l1 ,) ! greate/ respect1 ,y\r ,lord%ip's ,mo/ ob$i5t humble ,s]vant1 ,j]emiah ,milles4 ,grosv5or-/reet1 ,jan4 #ai?1 #ageg4 ,v4 ,an ,essay t[>ds asc]ta9+ ! specific ,gravity ( liv+ ,m54 ,by ,mr4 ,john ,rob]tson1 ,f4,r4,s4 ,read ,jan4 #bg1 #ageg4 ,,"s "t la/ autumn ,i _h occasion to draw up a few examples on ! use ( a table ( ! specific gravities & weights ( "s bodies4 ,among o!r ?+s1 t occurr$ !n to me1 ,i ?\ght x might be useful to "k ! specific gravity ( m54 ,9 ord] to make "s exp]im5ts on ?is subject1 ,i got a ci/]n made1 ( #gh in*es 9 l5g?1 #cj in*es wide1 & #cj in*es deep3 x 0 con/ruct$ z ne> a p>allelopip$ z ! workman c\ld1 to prev5t t$i\s op]ations 9 comput+ ! horizontal sections ( ! ci/]n by ! surface ( ! wat]4 ,i !n endeav\r$ to f9d t5 p]sons1 su* z ,i propos$ to make ! exp]im5ts )al2 namely1 two ( six feet high1 two ( five feet t5 in*es1 two ( five feet eight in*es1 two ( five feet six in*es1 & two ( five feet f\r in*es4 ,"o ( ea* height ,i propos$ %\ld be a fat man1 & ! o!r a lean "o2 b ,i c\ld n succe$ 9 procur+ su* m52 &1 aft] wait+ till ne> ! middle ( ,octob]1 ,i 0 oblig$ to put up ) su*1 z w\ld submit !mselves to ! exp]im5t at t season ( ! ye>4 ,!y 7 all lab\r+ m51 belong+ to ! ord9>y ( ,portsm\? y>d1 &1 except "o or two ( !m1 :o 7 middl+ siz$ m51 7 = ! mo/ "p v ?9 & slim made p]sons4 ,i _h also provid$ a slid+ measure to take _! heights1 & scales to weigh !m 94 ,e ?+ be+ prep>$1 ea* man /ript himself 9 an adjo9+ room1 & put on a pair ( tr[s]s = dec5cy's sake3 8 height 0 fir/ tak51 !n 8 weight1 & !n he imm]s$ 7=tifi$ ) a l>ge dram ( br&y74 ,a rul]1 graduat$ to in*es1 & decimal p>ts ( an in*1 0 fix$ to "o end ( ! ci/]n1 & ! height ( ! wat] not$ be=e a man w5t 91 & to :at height x rose :5 he duck$ himself "u its surface2 & ( ^! sev]al obs]vations is ! foll[+ table compos$4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ,ht4 ,wat],ht4 ,wat] ,wat] ,weight ,n4,heights4 ,wt4 be=e :5 rais$4 ,wat]4 imm]s$4imm]s$4 ,solidity4 ,ft4 ,94 ,pds4 ,in*es4 ,in*es4 ,in*es4 ,p\nds4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------ #a #f #jb #afa #ai1cj #ba1bj #a1ij #b1egc #afj1h #b #e #aj #adg #ai1be #ba1af #a1ia #b1ehf #afa1f #c #e #i #aef #ai1ba #ba1jf #a1he #b1eje #aef1f ---------------------------------------- ------------------ #d #e #f #adj #ai1ag #ba1ba #b1jd #b1gfc #agb1f #e #e #e #aeh #ai1ac #ba1ba #b1jh #b1hag #agf1j #f #e #e #aeh #ai1ji #ba1bf #b1ag #b1ici #ahc1g ---------------------------------------- ------------------ #g #e #d #adj #ai1je #ba1jf #b1ja #b1gbb #agj1a #h #e #c #acb #ai1ja #bj1hf #a1he #b1eje #aef1f #i #e #d #aba #ah1ig #bj1gf #a1gi #b1dbd #aea1e #aj #e #c #adf #ah1ic #bj1ff #a1gc #b1cdc #adf1d ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ,9 mak+ ( ^! exp]im5ts1 ,i rem>k$ "s inconv5i5cies1 :i* ,i did n at fir/ adv]t to1 & :i*1 at t "t1 ,i c\ld n prev5t4 ,i int5d$1 t ea* man %\ld h got g5tly into ! wat]1 imm]s$ himself all b 8 head1 & s h /aid until ! motion ( ! wat] _h ceas$2 !n he 0 sudd5ly to h duck$ 8 head "u1 & h cont9u$ to a few seconds ( "t1 until ,i _h not$ ! rise ( ! wat]2 &1 aft] 8 leav+ ! ci/]n1 ano!r 0 n to g 9 until ! wat] 0 free f motion4 ,c\ld ^! ?+s h be5 done1 z ,i project$1 ,i c\ld h recomm5d$ ! =ego+ table z suffici5tly complete3 b ,i mu/ obs]ve1 t beside ! m5's be+ ( diff]5t sizes f :at ,i _h desir$1 !y 7 9 too mu* ha/e to be dismiss$ 7) ano!r dram aft] dress+72 s t ! wat] 0 n q /ill :5 !y got into ! ci/]n3 nei!r c\ld ,i p]suade all ( !m to lay !mselves d[n g5tly1 mu* less to keep _! heads "u wat] s long a "t z "o second3 s t1 9 mo/ ( ! obs]vations1 ! surface ( ! wat] 0 f> f be+ q s /ill1 z to r5d] ! measures p]fectly exact1 ,i be+ oblig$ to cat* !m1 z x 71 by tak+ ! mean height betwe5 ! librations4 ,moreov]1 ! great area ( ! ci/]n 0 no inconsid]able b> to ! accuracy ,i expect$4 ,h[ev]1 z ,i d n recollect exp]im5ts ( ?is k9d any-:]e record$1 ^!1 p]haps1 may give "s satisfaction to su* p]sons1 :o may h ! curiosity to desire "s kn[lege on ?is subject4 ,7 ,i to make any m obs]vations ( ?is k9d1 ,i w\ld *use an upright p>allelopip$1 n above #ah or #bj in*es 9 ! side ( ! squ>e2 into :i* ! p]son %\ld let himself d[n by /eps nail$ to ! side3 = 9 s small an area ! motion ( ! wat] w\ld soon] subside2 nei!r w\ld ! librations be any ?+ ne> s l>ge z on a small] surface4 ,"o ( ! reasons1 t induc$ me to make ^! exp]im5ts1 0 a desire ( kn[+ :at quantity ( fir or oak timb] w\ld be suffici5t to keep a man afloat 9 riv] or sea wat]1 ?9k+ t mo/ m5 7 specifically heavi] ?an riv] or common fre% wat]2 b ! contr>y appe>s f ^! trials3 =1 except+ ! fir/ & la/1 e man 0 light] ?an 8 equal bulk ( fre% wat]1 & mu* m s ?an 8 equal bulk ( sea-wat]3 consequ5tly1 c\ld p]sons1 :o fall into wat]1 h pres5ce ( m9d en\gh to avoid ! fright usual on su* accid5ts1 _m might be pres]v$ f dr[n+2 & a piece ( wood1 n l>g] ?an an o>1 w\ld buoy a man p>tly above wat] s long z he _h spirits to keep 8 hold4 ,"s ?+s h]e9 advanc$ w p]haps m readily appe> f ! foll[+ relation4 ,! ,lords ( ! ,admiralty h appo9t$1 = ! ex]cise ( ! s*ol>s belong+ to ! royal academy at ,portsm\?1 a small ya*t2 :]e91 dur+ ! summ] mon?s1 ^? "y g5tlem5 are taught ! practice ( work+ a vessel at sea1 "u ! directions ( "o ( ! ma/]-att5dants1 assi/$ by eight or t5 seam54 ,! la/ "t ?is ya*t 0 out1 :i* 0 ab\t ! beg9n+ ( la/ ,octob]1 "o ( ! s*ol>s 0 ord]$ to heave ! lead4 ,! y\? 0 ab\t ?irte5 ye>s old1 small ( 8 age1 & f> f be+ fat2 z he 0 /epp+ on ! gunnel1 he fell ov]-bo>d3 ! sea 0 r\gh1 & ! ya*t _h great way2 s t he 0 pres5tly at a consid]able di/ance f ! vessel4 ,! skiff 0 imm$iately let d[n2 b ! pa9t] n be+ fa/1 ! rope run an end1 & ! skiff w5t adrift4 ,"o ( ! seam5 jumpt ov]-bo>d1 got into ! boat1 br\ght h] along-side ! vessel1 took 9 ano!r man1 & !n w5t aft] ! y\?1 :om !y recov]$1 aft] he _h be5 9 ! wat] m ?an half an h\r4 ,! "y g5tleman1 relat+ ! affair1 said1 t z he c\ld swim v little1 & judg+ he %\ld s9k if he /rove aga9/ ! waves1 he turn$ on 8 back1 & committ$ himself to _! m]cy4 ,he kept himself p]fectly calm2 & obs]v$1 :5 a wave 0 likely to break ov] him1 to hold 8 brea?1 & to spurt out ! wat] =c$ into 8 m\?4 ,8 hat1 :i* happ5$ to be ti$ by a piece ( /r+ to "o ( 8 coat button-holes1 he (t5 held up ) 8 h&1 z a signal :]e he 04 ,j be=e ! boat came up to him he began to be fa9t1 8 eyes became dim1 & he ?\ght himself on ! v]ge ( s9k+4 ,?is y\?1 :o1 by 8 prud5ce1 sav$ himself f dr[n+1 mu/1 at t "t1 h be5 specifically light] ?an wat]4 ,,vi4 ,an ,in/ance ( ! ,gut ,ileum1 cut ?ro' by a ,knife1 successfully treat$ by ,mr4 ,pet] ,trav]s1 ,surgeon1 at ,lisbon4 ,communicat$ by ,john ,huxham1 ,m4,d4 ,f4,r4,s4 ,read ,jan4 #bg1 #ageg4 ,lisbon1 ,augu/ #c;d1 #agef4 ,a,ntonia ,jose da ,co/a1 "o ( ! ,k+'s mess5g]s1 0 attack$ by two m51 &1 aft] receiv+ two bl[s on ! head1 0 /abb$ ) a knife 9 ! "r hypoga/ric region1 ab\t ?ree f+]s bread? above ! os pubis2 ! ext]nal w\nd be+ l>g]1 z ! knife 0 drawn obliquely t[>ds ! navel1 & might be an in* & half 9 l5g?1 ! p]=ation ?ro' ! p]itonum ab\t ?ree qu>t]s ( an in*2 ! inte/9e ileum hang+ out ab\t t5 or twelve in*es1 & q pi]c$ ?ro'1 ! w\nd 9 ! gut be+ l>ge en\gh to admit my =e f+]4 ,aft] cle>+ ! grum\s blood ) w>m wat] & ,hung>y wat]1 ! un9t]rupt$ suture 0 made on bo? p]=ations2 !n dilat+ ! common integum5ts ( ! belly1 ! inte/9e 0 r$uc$1 leav+ ! ends ( ! two ?reads at ! sup]ficies ( ! w\nd2 & ! ext]nal incision 0 sew$ up by ! int]rupt$ suture1 & common dress+s ( l9t & b&age appli$4 ,a cly/] 0 giv5 him imm$iately aft] ! above op]ation1 ( oil ( olives1 ! yolk ( an egg1 & w>m wat]4 #d?4 ,?is day ,i f\nd he _h pass$ 9 ! mo/ excruciat+ pa9s1 att5d$ ) cont9ual vomit+s3 8 fev] v high1 pulse full & irregul>3 he 0 bl$ t5 ounces ?is morn+1 & ! l quantity ?is ev5+4 ,! cly/]s 7 cont9u$ ?rice a day1 ) a decoction ( wormwood & camomile in/ead ( ! w>m wat]1 & an anodyne mixture ( m9t-wat]1 liquid laudanum1 & sug>1 to be tak5 occasionally2 also ?ree ounces ( syrup ( rhub>b1 ) an ounce ( ! fre%-drawn oil ( sweet almonds1 to be tak51 a common spoonful e two h\rs4 #e?4 ,! ble$+s 7 cont9u$ twice ?is day1 ?ree ounces ea* "t1 & ! cly/]s 7 adm9i/]$ z ye/]day4 ,8 pulse & fev] v high2 he vomit$ "s excrem5ts2 & t[>ds night compla9$ ( a s+ultus4 #f?4 ,8 ble$+s & cly/]s 7 cont9u$ z be=e4 ,f9d+ 8 s+ultus & vomit+ s v tr\blesome1 ,i ord]$ him ,dr4 ,huxham's t9cture ( ! b>k2 :i* 0 tak51 a tea-spoonful1 six times a day1 9 a little m9t-wat]2 :i* inde$ greatly reliev$ him3 8 s+ultus & vomit+ became less frequ5t4 #g?4 ,i f\nd 8 sk9 moi/1 & pulse s(t5$4 ,i rema9$ ) him ab\t an h\r1 & f\nd a pl5tiful p]spiration ?r\gh\t ! body2 on :i* ,i omitt$ 8 ble$+s3 ! cly/]s 7 cont9u$2 & t[>ds night he _h a prop] dis*>ge by /ool1 v ftid1 & inspissat$4 #h?4 ,i f\nd1 = ! fir/ "t1 he _h slept la/ night1 & seem$ mu* 9 spirits3 ! symptomatic fev] some?+ less5$2 & he _h purg$ la/ night1 & ?is day1 eight times4 #i?4 ,he _h five /ools2 8 neausea mu* abat$2 & a g5tle diaphoresis cont9u$4 #aj?4 ,! s+ultus ceas$2 8 vomit+ v little2 8 pulse l[1 accel]at$1 & ?read-l 9 its /roke2 8 purg+ viol5t2 & he greatly compla9$ ( a mo/ acute pa9 ( ! w\nd$ p>ts4 ,a pap] ( ! foll[+ absorb5t p[d]s 0 giv5 him e ?ree h\rs 9 rice-wat]4 ,crabs-eyes & r$ coral prep>$1 ( ea* "o dra*m1 crude opium two gra9s3 ^! 7 made = ?ree doses1 & giv5 z above4 #aa?4 ,he slept well2 less pa92 pulse m equal2 8 di>rha mu* ! same4 #ab?4 ,! ?reads1 ) :i* ,i _h made ! suture ( ! inte/9e1 came out ( !mselves3 ! w\nd well-condition$2 fev] v little2 8 di>rha r increas$4 ,he s5t = me 9 ! ev5+1 be+ mu* al>m$1 z he ?\ght "s liquids he _h tak5 to h pass$ ?ro' ! w\nd$ p>ts4 #ac?4 ,ye/]day he compla9$ ( great pa9s 9 8 belly3 ! dis*>ge f 8 w\nd 0 laudable matt]1 & 9 good quantity4 #ad?4 ,he re/$ well1 & 0 seem+ly well beyond expectation4 ,8 di>rha /ill cont9u+ tr\blesome1 he took ! h>t%orn decoction1 ) an addition ( diascordium4 #ae?4 ,i cut (f ! ?reads ( ! ext]nal w\nd1 & cont9u$ dress+s ( dige/ive 9 ! common me?od4 #af?4 ,he grew visibly bett] ea* day aft]2 & on ,sept4 #g? ,i dis*>g$ him f any fur!r att5dance1 8 w\nd be+ intirely heal$ ov]1 & he is 9 all respects v well1 free f pa91 or any inconv5i5ce f ! w\nd4 ,he 0 kept sev5 & tw5ty days on *ick5-bro?1 & nev] admitt$ to use any solids dur+ t "t3 aft]w>ds he 0 indulg$ ) "y *ick5s1 c4 ,,vii4 ,an ,acc\nt ( a ,visitation ( ! lepr\s ,p]sons 9 ! ,isle ( ,guadal\pe3 ,9 a ,lett] to ,mons4 ,damonville1 ,c\nsellor & ,assi/ant-,judge at ,m>t9ico1 & 9 ! ,(fice ( ,k+'s ,physician at ,guadal\pe4 ,by ,john ,&rew ,peyssonel1 ,m4,d4 ,f4,r4,s4 ,translat$ f ! ,fr5*4 ,read ,feb4 #c1 #ageg4 ,,sir1 ,i ,receiv$ ! lett]1 :i* y hon\r$ me )1 & ! ord] = visit+ ! p]sons afflict$ ) ! leprosy4 ,i 0 s5sible ( ! mis=tune ( be+ ord]$ ^u t commission3 ,i say mis=tune2 = su* y w p]haps ?9k x1 :5 y h read ?is lett]4 ,x is n[ ab\t #be or #cj ye>s s9ce a v p>ticul> disease %ew$ itself 9 _m p]sons 9 ?is isl& ,gr&e ,t]re4 ,its beg9n+ is imp]ceptible3 !re appe> b a few livid-r$ spots ^u ! sk9s ( ! :ite p1 & ( a yell[i% r$ ^u ! blacks4 ,^! spots 9 ! beg9n+ are n accompani$ ) pa91 or any o!r symptom2 b no?+ c take !m away4 ,! disease increases ins5sibly1 & cont9ues sev]al ye>s 9 %ew+ itself m & m4 ,^! spots increase1 & ext5d indiff]5tly ov] ! sk9 ( ! :ole body4 ,sometimes !y are a little prom95t1 b flat4 ,:5 ! disease makes a progress1 ! upp] "p ( ! nose swells1 ! no/rils are enl>g$1 ! nose becomes s(t5$2 tub]osities appe> ^u ! *eek-bones2 ! eyebr[s are inflat$2 ! e>s gr[ ?ick2 ! ends ( ! f+]s1 & ev5 ! feet & toes1 swell2 ! nails become scaly2 ! jo9ts ( ! feet & h&s sep>ate & mortify3 ulc]s ( a deep & ( a dry nature are f\nd 9 ! palms ( ! h&s & soles ( ! feet1 :i* gr[ well1 & return aga94 ,9 %ort1 :5 ! disease is 9 its la/ /age1 ! pati5t becomes frightful1 & falls to pieces4 ,all ^! symptoms come on by v sl[ degrees1 "o aft] ano!r1 & sometimes require _m ye>s to %ew !mselves3 ! pati5t is s5sible ( no %>p pa92 b feels a k9d ( numbness 9 8 h&s & feet4 ,^! p p]=m _! natural functions all ! :ile1 eat+ & dr9k+ z usual3 & ev5 :5 ! mortification has tak5 (f ! f+]s & toes1 ! only ill consequ5ce1 t att5ds1 is ! loss ( ^? p>ts1 t drop (f by ! mortification2 = ! w\nd heals ( itself1 )\t any application3 b :5 x comes to its la/ p]iod1 ! poor sick p]sons are horribly de=m$1 & truly wor?y ( compassion4 ,?is %ock+ disease is obs]v$ to h sev]al o!r unhappy *>act]s2 z1 #a/1 t x is h]$it>y1 & t "s families are m apt to be seiz$ ) x ?an o!rs3 #b;dly1 t x is infecti\s1 be+ communicat$ p] coitum1 & also caught by keep+ company ) ^? s diseas$3 #c;dly1 t x is incurable1 or at lea/ t no rem$y has yet be5 f\nd to cure x4 ,!y h 9 va9 tri$ m]curials1 sudorifics1 & e o!r regim5 us$ 9 v5]eal compla9ts1 "u a notion1 t ?is leprosy 0 ! consequ5ce ( "s v5]eal ta9t3 b1 in/ead ( be+ ( s]vice1 ^! me?ods r s]v$ to de/roy ! pati5ts2 =1 f> f less5+ ! disease1 ! antiv5]eal m$ic9es unlock$ ! di/emp]1 ! mo/ dreadful symptoms appe>$1 & all ^? s treat$ p]i%$ "s ye>s soon] ?an ! o!rs1 :o did n take ^! m$ic9es4 ,a v j fe> ( be+ infect$ ) ?is cruel di/emp]2 ! difficulty ( exam9+ infect$ p]sons be=e ! disease came to its /ate2 ! l5g? ( "t ( its ly+ conceal$1 by ! c>e ( ! pati5ts to keep x secret2 ! unc]ta9ty ( ! symptoms1 :i* di/+ui% x 9 ! beg9n+2 produc$ an extraord9>y dread 9 all ! inhabitants ( ?is isl&4 ,!y inspect$ "o ano!r1 s9ce virtue & m]it _h no %elt] f ?is cruel sc\rge4 ,!y call$ ?is di/emp] ! leprosy2 & consequ5tly pres5t$ sev]al memoirs to ! g5]als & int5dants1 lay+ be=e !m all ^! facts above-m5tion$2 _! j appreh5sions2 ! public good2 ! tr\ble1 t ?is di/ru/ caus$ 9 ?is colony2 ! compla9ts & hatr$1 t ^! accusations occasion$ among !m2 ! laws made =m]ly aga9/ su* lepr\s p]sons1 & _! expulsion f civil society4 ,!y requir$ a g5]al visitation ( all p]sons suspect$ ( ?is di/emp]1 t su*1 z 7 f\nd infect$1 might be remov$ into p>ticul> hospitals1 or into "s sep>ate places4 ,^! memorials 7 s5t to c\rt1 :i*1 giv+ due att5tion to ^! j repres5tations1 issu$ ord]s = ! requir$ visitations 9 ! mo/ conv5i5t mann]1 = ! good ( ! public & ( ! /ate4 ,9 ! mean "t1 ! po/ ( physician-botani/ become vacant 9 ! isl& ( ,cay5ne4 ,! m9i/] 0 pleas$ to "n me = x2 & al?o' ?is isl& 0 mu* m f]tile 9 philosophical discov]ies ?an all ! o!rs1 he ?\ght prop] to *ange my de/9ation1 & s5t me to ?is isle ,guadal\pe2 & did n =get ! article ( ! leprosy 9 my in/ructions4 ,:5 ,i arriv$ at ,m>t9ico 9 #agbg1 ,monsieur ,blondel de ,juv5c\rt1 !n int5dant ( ! ,fr5* isles1 communicat$ to me bo? ! ord]s ( ! c\rt1 & all ! memoirs1 t relat$ to ?is affair4 ,a tax 0 !n laid ^u ! ,negroes ( ! inhabitants ( ! ,gr&e ,t]re1 to raise a necess>y fund = ?is visitation1 ?us made at ! exp5ce ( ! colony2 & ,mons4 le ,m]ci] ,beausoleil 0 *os5 treasur] ( ?is fund4 ,be+ arriv$ at ,guadal\pe1 ! ,c\nt de ,moy5c\rt1 & ,mons4 ,mesni]1 ord9ator & subdelegate to ?is int5dance1 communicat$ to me ! ord] ( ! g5]al & int5dant4 ,i began !n to in=m myself ( ! necess>y in/ructions = acquit+ myself ( ?is dang]\s commission1 ! disagreeable consequ5ces ( :i* ,i easily =esaw4 ,i _h s (t5 he>d ( ^! lepr\s spots1 t ,i judg$ x necess>y to "k1 :e!r :at 0 said 0 true3 = ,i c\ld n compreh5d1 t a disease1 :i* has s dreadful an end1 & ! symptoms !n s t]rible1 %\ld cont9ue t5 or fifte5 ye>s )\t any o!r appe>ance ?an ^! simple spots2 :i*1 9 !mselves1 _h no?+ v bad4 ,i dem&$ an inque/ to be made1 9 ord] to satisfy myself ( ?is fact3 sev]al surgeons1 z practition]s1 & sev]al hone/ inhabitants1 z obs]v]s1 7 accord+ly call$ toge!r1 :o all prov$ ! same fact 9 ?is inque/2 :i* y1 ,sir1 may1 & mu/1 h se5 9 ! regi/] ( ! subdelegation ( ?is isl&4 ,i am1 mo/ s9c]ely1 ,,sir1 ,y\r mo/ humble & ob$i5t ,s]vant1 ,peyssonel4 ,augu/ #aj4 #agdh4 ,,result ( ! ,,visitation4 #a/1 ,,none ( ! pati5ts1 :om we visit$1 _h any fev]2 & !y all decl>$1 t !y f\nd no inconv5i5ce nor pa92 b1 on ! contr>y1 eat1 drank1 & slept well1 p]=m+ e natural function2 :i* 0 prov$ by _! plumpness1 :i* appe>$ ev5 :5 ! disease 0 mo/ confirm$4 #b4 ,! disease began to %ew itself 9 ! ,negroes by r$di% spots1 a little rais$1 ^u ! sk91 be+ a dry k9d ( tett]1 nei!r branny nor scabb$1 & )\t any runn+1 b ( a livid-r$1 & v ill-condition$4 ,! ,negroes sometimes br+ ^! spots ) !m f _! own c\ntry4 ,! spots are con/antly f\nd ^u e p]son tr\bl$ ) ?is disease2 & are 9 great] numb]s1 9 proportion z ! disease gr[s m invet]ate4 #c4 ,among ! :ites ! disease %ews itself at ! beg9n+ by spots ( a livid violet col\r1 )\t pa92 :i* are foll[$ by little wat]y bladd]s1 p>ticul>ly ^u ! legs1 :i* bur/1 & leave small ulc]s ) pale edges1 & diff]5t 9 _! natures f ! common ulc]s4 #d4 ,9 proportion z ! disease increas$1 ! h&s & feet grew l>g]1 )\t any signs ( inflammation2 s9ce nei!r r$ness1 nor pa91 nor any o$emat\s appe>ance accompani$ x2 b x 0 ! v fle%1 t increas$ 9 bulk4 ,& ?is gr[? ( ! h&s & feet 0 n att5d$ ) any %>p pa91 b only a k9d ( numbness4 #e4 ,?is bloat$ /ate ( ! h&s & feet 0 succe$$ by :ite deep ulc]s "u ! sk91 :i* became call\s & ins5sible2 & :i* emitt$ only a cle> s]\s matt] l wat]1 & 7 b little pa9ful4 ,aft]w>ds ! ends ( ! f+]s became dry1 ! nails became scaly1 &1 ,i don't "k h[1 !y 7 eat5 away2 ! ends ( ! f+]s dropt (f2 !n ! jo9ts sep>at$ )\t pa91 & ! w\nds cicatriz$ ( !mselves1 )\t ! lea/ ne$ ( m$ic9es4 ,9 ! increase ( ! di/emp] h>dnesses & lumps 7 =m$ 9 ! fle%1 ! col\r became t>ni%$1 ! nose swell$1 & ! no/rils grew wide3 at la/ ! nose s(t5$ l pa/e1 ! voice became ho>se1 ! eyes r\nd & brilliant1 ! =ehead cov]$ ) tett]s & lumps1 z well z ! face2 ! eye-br[s became v l>ge1 ! c\nt5ance 0 horrible1 ! brea? ftid1 ! lips swell$1 l>ge tub]cles 7 =m$ "u ! tongue2 ! e>s grew ?ick & r$1 & hung d[n2 &1 su* 0 ! ins5sibility ( all ! p>ts1 t we run p9s ?ro' ! h&s ( sev]al1 )\t _! feel+ any ?+ ( x4 ,9 %ort1 we 7 assur$1 t ^! p p]i%$ by degrees1 fall+ into a mortification2 & ! limbs dropt (f ( !mselves1 )\t any consid]able pa91 cont9u+ /ill to p]=m well _! natural functions4 #f4 ,^! lepr\s p liv$ ?us easy1 if ,i may be all[$ ! expression1 = sev]al ye>s1 ev5 fifte5 or tw5ty2 = ! disease beg9s ins5sibly1 & %ews itself b v sl[ly4 #g4 ,antiv5]eal rem$ies1 :i* 7 ord]$ = almo/ e pati5t we saw1 7 ( no s]vice3 if !y sometimes palliat$ "s symptoms1 !y v (t5 ha/5$ ! progress ( ! disease3 besides1 we nev] f\nd ! p>ts ( g5]ation at all infect$1 nor any ?+1 t look$ l ! pox ab\t !m4 #h4 ,"s ( ^! p _h inde$ p>ticul> symptoms4 ,9 "s ! hair fell (f2 :i* 0 replac$ by a f9] k9d3 9 o!rs1 worms 7 f\nd 9 _! ulc]s3 want ( sleep1 or frightful dreams1 afflict$ "s2 :ile o!rs q lo/ _! voice1 or x became effem9ate l t ( eunu*s2 & o!rs1 we f\nd1 /unk extremely4 #i4 ,almo/ all ( !m1 be+ desir\s ( conceal+ _! disord]s1 endeavor$ to deceive u1 by alleg+ false excuses = ! causes ( _! sores & ulc]s3 ! great] "p ( !m pret5d$1 t ! rats _h eat5 (f _! toes1 & t burns _h caus$ _! ulc]s4 ,^! 7 ! figures1 t e :]e pres5t$ to u4 #aj4 ,we 7 confirm$ 9 our op9ions by exp]i5ce1 support$ by v]bal process1 t ?is 0 ! /ate ( ! diseas$2 t ! di/emp] c\ld nei!r be ! pox1 nor ! effect ( an invet]ate "o3 t x _h no symptom ( t disease2 b t x _h e "* ( :at ! anci5ts call$ leprosy1 elephantiasis1 or su* o!r names1 z !y 7 pleas$ to give x4 ,s t we d n hesitate to pron\nce1 t ^? infect$ ) ?is disease1 z we h describ$ x1 ought to be treat$ z lepr\s p]sons1 & subject to ! ord9ances1 :i* 8 maje/y 0 pleas$ to issue aga9/ su* p]sons4 #aa4 ,aga91 we are well assur$1 f our obs]vations1 t ! di/emp] is contagi\s1 & h]$it>y2 & yet ! contagion is n s active1 nor poison\s1 z t ( ! plague1 small-pox1 nor ev5 z ! r+-worm1 it*1 scald1 & o!r cutane\s disord]s3 =1 if t 7 ! case1 ! ,am]ican colonies w\ld be utt]ly de/roy$2 & ^! p]sons s infect$1 mix$ z !y are 9 e habitation1 w\ld h already infect$ all ! ,negroes1 :om !y come ne>4 #ab4 ,we believe1 t ?is contagion does n take place b by long frequ5t+ ! company ( ! infect$1 or by c>nal kn[lege4 ,besides1 we h obs]v$1 t ev5 su* long frequ5t+1 or cohabit+ ) !m1 are n always suffici5t to communicate ! disease2 because we h se5 wom5 cohabit ) _! husb&s1 & husb&s ) _! wives1 9 ! di/emp]1 :ile "o is s\nd1 & ! o!r infect$4 ,we see families communicate & live ) lepr\s p]sons1 & yet nev] be infect$2 & ?us1 al?o' exp]i5ce1 & ! in=mation ( ! sick1 prove ! contagion1 we are ( op9ion1 t !re mu/ be a p>ticul> disposition 9 p to receive ! poison ( ! leprosy4 #ac4 ,z to :at reg>ds ! di/emp]'s be+ h]$it>y1 x is assur$ly s4 ,we h se5 intire families infect$2 & almo/ e *ild ( a lepr\s fa!r or "m fall ins5sibly into ! leprosy2 & yet1 9 sev]al o!r families1 we h se5 "s *ildr5 s\nd1 & o!rs ta9t$2 ! fa!r has di$ ( ! disease1 & ! *ildr5 grew old )\t any infection3 s t1 ?o' x is c]ta9ly h]$it>y1 yet we believe x is ( ! same nature ) ^? 9 families tr\bl$ ) ! consumption1 gravel1 & o!r h]$it>y di/emp]s2 :i* are transmitt$ f fa!r to son1 )\t be+ s v regul>1 z to affect e "o ( ! family4 #ad4 ,we c\ld nev] f9d out any c]ta9 rule ( judg+1 at :at age ! disease %ews itself fir/ 9 ^?1 :o 7 begott5 by infect$ p>5ts3 b we h1 z f> z we c\ld1 obs]v$1 ) reg>d to wom5 or girls1 t ! symptoms beg9 ) ! m5ses1 & cont9ue slightly till !y h la9 9 ( "o or two *ildr53 b t !n m visible1 & inde$ m cruel1 symptoms appe>$4 ,z to m51 or infants1 !re is no rule to "k x 9 !m4 #ae4 ,= ! explanation ( ! causes1 symptoms1 & :at we ?9k ! mo/ likely means ( cure1 we ref] to a p>ticul> diss]tation4 ,let x suffice "h to obs]ve1 t we d n imag9e1 t ! air1 wat]1 or mann] ( liv+1 c produce x2 = we h f\nd z _m sick 9 ! l[ m>%y places1 z 9 m airy sal9e places3 & if _m ,negroes 7 infect$ 9 ! ,gr& ,t]re1 :]e !y dr9k ! f\l wat]s ( ponds & lakes1 we see an equal numb] ill 9 places1 :]e !y h fre% riv]s & runn+ wat]s2 b !y may prove prop] causes = unlock+1 & dispos+ p]sons to receive1 ! disease4 #af4 ,we believe1 & are p]suad$1 t ! orig9 ( ?is disease among ! ,negroes comes f ,gu9ea3 = almo/ all ! ,negroes f ! c\ntry told u !y came f !nce ) ^! r$di% spots1 ! fir/ & c]ta9 signs ( ! di/emp] begun4 #ag4 ,z to ! infect$ ,:ites & ,mulattoes ( ?is isl&1 we 7 in=m$1 t ! disease 0 n kn[n among ! ,:ites till ab\t #be or #cj ye>s ago2 :51 out ( *>ity1 !y receiv$ a mis]able object f ! isl& ( ,/4 ,*ri/op]'s1 ^: "n 0 ,clem5t2 :o1 ab\t ! ye> #afid1 fl$ hi!r4 ,x 0 ! family ( ! ,jossel9s1 call$ ! ,*al\p]s1 t protect$ him2 :i* family1 z also t ( ! ,p\l9s1 we f\nd infect$ by communication ) ?is sick man1 z old ,p\l9 decl>$ to u4 ,x is ?\ght1 t o!rs 7 infect$ by communication ) ! ,negro wom51 especially 9 ! beg9n+1 :5 ! disease is mu* conceal$1 at a "t :5 !y did n mi/ru/ "o ano!r2 :i* is v probable1 s9ce we saw _m ,mulatto *ildr51 born ( female ,negroes1 infect$ & lepr\s4 #ah4 ,h[ev] ?is be1 ?is di/emp] has _h its progress2 & 9 ?is visitation1 :i* we made1 we exam9$ #bef suspect$ p]sons2 t is1 #hi ,:ites1 #dg free ,mulattoes1 & #abj ,negroes3 among :om we f\nd #bb ,:ites1 #f ,mulattoes1 & #ig ,negroes1 infect$ ) ! leprosy1 am\nt+ to #abe4 ,!re 7 six ,:ites & five ,negroes m1 :om we c\ld n visit1 = reasons set =? 9 ! v]bal process4 ,! rema9+ p]sons1 :i* 7 #aca1 appe>$ to u v s\nd3 n t we c answ] = ! consequ5ces1 especially ) respect to ! *ildr51 :o are ! (fspr+ ( lepr\s p]sons2 :e!r decl>$ su* by u1 or dead be=e ! visitation1 suspect$ ( infection4 ,?is is ! op9ion1 decl>ation1 & result ( ! visitation made by u1 ! physicians & surgeon appo9t$ = t purpose4 ,at ,basset]re1 ! day above-m5tion$4 ,,peyssonel4 ,,lemo9e4 ,,m\lon4 ,a second visitation 0 made 9 ,octob] #agdh4 ,,viii4 ,an ,acc\nt ( ! late ,discov]ies ( ,antiquities at ,h]culaneum2 9 an ,extract ( a ,lett] f ,camillo ,pad]ni1 ,keep] ( ! ,h]culanean ,museum1 & ,f4,r4,s4 to ,?omas ,hollis1 ,esq2 dat$ ,naples1 ,dec4 #af1 #agef4 ,read ,feb4 #aj1 #ageg4 ,,x is probable1 t ! fir/ volume ( antique pa9t+s w be publi%$ at ,ea/]2 9 :i* !re w be fifty copp]-plates1 ) obs]vations by ! academy lately e/abli%$ "h = illu/rat+ ! antiquities4 ,two volumes ( ! anci5t papyrus h be5 unroll$4 ,"o treats ( rhetoric1 & ! o!r is ^u music2 & bo? are writt5 by ! same au?or1 ,philodemus4 ,il ,signor ,canonico ,mazzoc*i1 a v le>n$ g5tleman ( ?is city1 is n[ translat+ !m f ! ,greek4 ,!re are two p]sons con/antly employ$ 9 unroll+ o!r volumes4 ,9 ! mon? ( ,april 7 f\nd two f9e bu/s ( wom51 ! subjects unkn[n4 ,also a "y /ag1 ( excell5t workman%ip1 ^u a base4 ,! height ( x1 f ! feet to ! top ( ! head1 is ?ree palms & a half4 ,likewise its companion2 b brok5 9 _m pieces2 :i* h[ev] ,i hope to re/ore4 ,9 ,may1 a small "y hog4 ,9 ,octob]1 a female /atue1 ( middl+ workman%ip4 ,also a ,sil5us1 a palm & ?ree in*es high1 /&+ ^u a squ>e base rais$ ^u ?ree r[s ( /eps1 :i* are support$ at ! angles by lions claws4 ,he has a bald head1 a long curl$ be>d1 a hairy body1 & nak$ feet4 ,! drap]y ab\t him is loose & fl[+3 ! =e-f+] ( ea* h& is ext5d$1 & all ! re/ are clos$4 ,f 8 back arises a bran* above ! head1 :]e x divides into two1 :i*1 twi/+ _! foliage r\nd x1 fall & spread !mselves bel[ ! %\ld]s1 on ea* ( :i* a /& is plac$ to fix a lamp4 ,9 ! middle1 betwixt ! extremities ( ^! two small bran*es1 is a bird resembl+ a p>roquet4 ,! :ole ( ?is figure is 9 a v good ta/e4 ,all ^! ?+s above-m5tion$ are ( bronze4 ,9 ,novemb] 0 discov]$ a beautiful m>ble ,t]m9us1 ( ,greek workman%ip1 z big z ! life4 ,x is dre/ 9 a *lamys2 has a "y c\nt5ance2 & ! head is cov]$ ) a ,grecian helmet4 ,_m o!r ?+s h also be5 f\nd1 z lamps1 vases1 & su*-l1 9 bronze4 ,& we h (t5 met ) pa9t+s4 ,if any f>!r discov]ies are made1 :i* are rem>kable1 y may dep5d on be+ in=m$ ( !m4 ,at pres5t my "t is mu* tak5 up1 9 a "w extremely difficult & t$i\s2 :i* is ?is3 ,:5 ! !atre 0 fir/ discov]$1 !re 7 f\nd 9 x1 among o!r ?+s1 sev]al horses 9 bronze1 l>g] ?an ! life2 b all ( !m bruis$1 & brok5 into _m pieces4 ,f ?is sad condition !y are n yet re/or$4 ,b 8 maje/y hav+ express$ a p>ticul> desire to see t effect$1 if possible1 ) reg>d to "o ( !m1 ,i resolv$ to attempt x2 & accord+ly h set ab\t x4 ,,ix4 ,an ,acc\nt ( "s ,trees discov]$ "u-gr\nd on ! ,%ore at ,m\nt's-,bay 9 ,cornwall3 ,9 a ,lett] f ! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,william ,borlase1 ,f4,r4,s4 to ! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,lyttelton1 ,dean ( ,exet]4 ,read ,feb4 #aj1 #ageg4 ,ludgvan1 ,jan #bd4 #ageg4 ,rev]5d ,sir1 ,,be+ an air+ ! o!r day ) ,mrs4 ,borlase1 on ! s&s bel[ my h\se1 we p]ceiv$ ! s&s betwixt ! ,m\nt & ,p5zance mu* wa%$ into pits1 & b>e /ony areas1 l a brok5 causey4 ,9 "o ( ! latt]1 ,mrs4 ,b4 z we pass$ by1 ?\ght %e saw ! appe>ance ( a tree2 &1 ^u a review1 ,i f\nd x to be ! roots ( a tree1 bran*+ (f f ! trunk 9 all directions4 ,we made z mu* ha/e d[n to ! same place 9 ! aft]noon z we c\ld1 & ) prop] help to make a f>!r exam9ation4 ,i measur$ & drew ! rema9s2 & ab\t #cj feet to ! we/ f\nd ! roots ( ano!r tree1 b )\t any trunk1 ?o' display$ 9 ! same horizontal mann] z ! fir/4 ,fifty feet f>!r to ! nor? we f\nd ! body ( an oak1 ?ree feet 9 diamet]1 recl9+ to ! ea/4 ,we dug ab\t x1 & trac$ x six feet deep "u ! surface2 b its roots 7 /ill deep] ?an we c\ld pursue !m4 ,)9 a few feet di/ance 0 ! body ( a will[1 "o foot & a half 9 diamet]1 ) ! b>k on2 & "o piece ( a l>ge hazel-bran*1 ) its b>k on4 ,:at ! two fir/ trees 71 x 0 n easy to di/+ui%1 !re be+ n a suffici5cy rema9+ ( ! fir/1 & no?+ b roots ( ! second1 bo? pi]c$ ) ! t]$o1 or augur-worm4 ,r\nd ^! trees 0 s&1 ab\t t5 in*es deep1 & !n ! natural e>?1 9 :i* ^! trees _h =m]ly fl\ri%$4 ,x 0 a black m>%-e>?1 9 :i* ! leaves ( ! juncus 7 intirely pres]v$ f putrefaction4 ,^! trees 7 #cjj y>ds bel[ full-sea-m>k2 &1 :5 ! tide is 91 h at lea/ #ab feet ( wat] above !m3 & d\btless !re are ! rema9s ( o!r trees f>!r t[>ds ! s\?1 :i* ! sea p]petually cov]s1 & h m ?an #cj feet wat] above !m4 ,b ^! are suffici5t to confirm ! anci5t tradition ( ^! p>ts1 t ,/4 ,mi*ael's m\nt1 n[ half a mile inclos$ ) ! sea1 :5 ! tide is 91 /ood =m]ly 9 a wood4 ,t ! wood consi/$ ( oak1 v l>ge1 hazel & will[ trees1 is beyond dispute4 ,t !re has be5 a subsid5ce ( ! sea-%ores h]eab\ts1 is h9t$ 9 my lett] to y1 p4 #ib2 & ! diff]5t levels & t5d5cies1 :i* we obs]v$ 9 ! positions ( ! trees we f\nd1 af=d u "s mat]ial inf]5ces1 z to ! degree & inequalities ( su* subsid5ces 9 g5]al2 z ! age1 9 :i* ?is subsid5ce happ5$ 7ne> #ajjj ye>s s9ce at lea/7 may conv9ce u1 t :5 e>?quakes happ51 x is well = ! c\ntry1 t !y are att5d$ ) subsid5ces2 = !n ! gr\nd settles1 & ! inflammable matt]1 :i* occasion$ ! e>?quake1 has no long] room to spread1 unite1 & recruit its =ces1 s z to create frequ5t & subsequ5t e>?quakes3 :]eas1 :]e !re are e>?quakes )\t proportionable subsid5ces1 !re are cav]ns & ducts "u-gr\nd rema9+ op5 & un*oak$1 ! same cause1 :i* occasion$ ! fir/1 has room to revive & r5ew its /ruggles1 & to repeat its desolations or t]rors2 :i* is mo/ probably ! case ( ,lisbon4 ,i am1 ,sir1 ,y\r mo/ affectionate & oblig$ humble ,s]vant1 ,wm4 ,borlase4 ,x4 ,exp]im5ts on apply+ ! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,hales's ,me?od ( di/ill+ ,salt-wat] to ! ,/eam-,eng9e4 ,by ,keane ,fitzg]ald1 ,esq2 ,f4,r4,s4 ,read ,feb4 #ag1 #ageg4 ,,on read+ ,dr4 ,hale's acc\nt ( purify+ salt-wat]1 by bl[+ %[]s ( air ?ro'1 x occurr$ to me1 t some?+ ( ! k9d might be appli$ ) advantage to ! /eam or fire-eng9e1 by increas+ ! quantity ( /eam1 & consequ5tly dim9i%+ ! quantity ( fuel o!rwise necess>y4 ,z ! /r5g? ( /eam rais$ f boil+ wat] is always 9 a fluctuat+ /ate1 &1 by ! be/ exp]im5ts hi!rto made1 has nev] be5 f\nd above /rong]1 or weak]1 ?an air2 ,i 0 9 d\bt1 :e!r /eam1 produc$ by ?is me?od1 w\ld be suffici5tly /rong = ! purpose ( ! /eam-eng9e4 ,i made an exp]im5t fir/ on a small boil]1 ab\t #ab in*es diamet]1 made 9 ! %ape ( ^? commonly us$ 9 /eam-eng9es1 ) a funnel at ! top1 ( ab\t #a in* diamet]1 = ! /eam to pass ?ro'2 ! ap]ture ( :i* 0 cov]$ ) a ?9 plate1 fixt at "o end ) a h+e1 & a small lead5 weight to slide on ! o!r1 9 ! nature ( a /eel-y>d1 to m>k ! /r5g? or quantity ( ! /eam4 ,a t9 pipe made = ?is purpose1 ) sev]al small holes t[>ds ! end1 pass$ f a small pair ( bell[s1 ?r\gh ! upp] "p ( ! boil]1 to )9 ab\t an in* ( ! bottom4 ,! boil] 0 half fill$ ) wat]1 :i* cov]$ ! holes 9 ! pipe ab\t six in*es4 ,f ! be/ obs]vation ,i 0 capable ( mak+ ) ?is ma*9e1 by bl[+ air ?ro' ! boil+ wat]1 x produc$ ab\t m /eam ?an 0 produc$ by ! same fire )\t bl[+ air ?ro'4 ,i !n appli$ a ma*9e ( ?is k9d to ! eng9e at ! ,york-build+s wat]-works1 ! boil] ( :i* is #ae feet diamet]4 ,?is is a pat5t-boil]1 a section & plan ( :i* is annex$4 ,x has a d\ble concave1 ) a k9d ( door-way or passage f "o to ! o!r1 9 ord] to let ! flame pass1 z x 71 ?ro' & r\nd ! wat]2 by :i* means !re is no-:]e above n9e in*es ( wat] to be heat$ ?ro'1 ?o' ! boil] is s l>ge2 & :i*1 by ?ree ye>s exp]i5ce1 has be5 f\nd to require less fuel1 ?an any o!r fire-eng9e ( equal bigness4 ,illu/ration3 ,philos4 ,trans4 ,vol4 ,l4 ,,tab4 ,i p4 #ed4 ,j4 ,mynde sc4 ,i fixt a pipe ( an in* & a half diamet] to a pair ( d\ble bell[s ?ree feet diamet]2 :i* pipe rea*$ ab\t "o foot "u ! surface ( ! wat] 9 ! boil]2 to ! end ( :i* are fix$ horizontally two bran*es1 ea* ab\t eight feet long1 tap]+ f "o in* diamet] to ab\t ( an in*4 ,^! bran*es are b5t 9 a circul> mann]1 z 9 ! plan1 to answ] ! =m ( ! concave1 & are p]=at$ ) small holes ab\t f\r in*es di/ant at ! ?icke/ "p1 & decreas+ gradually 9 di/ance1 to )9 ( an in*1 t[>ds ! small end4 ,! reason ( ^! bran*es be+ made tap]1 & ! di/ance betwe5 ! holes decreas+ to ! small end1 0 9 ord] to give ! great] p[] to ! air =c$ by ! bell[s to dis*>ge ! wat] lodg$ 9 su* a l5g? ( pipe2 & ,i obs]v$ by ?is me?od1 t ! wat] 0 gradually =c$ ?ro' ! holes to ! end ( ea* bran*1 & seem$ to ?r[ an equal quantity ( air ?ro' ! wat]4 ,! l5g? ( ! pipe1 to :i* ! bran*es are fix$ horizontally1 is ab\t #ah feet to ! nosle ( ! bell[s3 not)/&+ :i* l5g?1 ! /eam1 t pass$ ?ro' ! pipe into ! bell[s1 0 s hot be=e ! wat] boil$1 z to =ce ?ro' ! lea!r3 b ?is ,i easily rem$i$1 by fix+ a brass cock ( "o in* & a half diamet] to ! pipe1 :i* h9d]$ ! /eam f asc5d+1 until ! eng9e 0 ready to "w2 & be+ op5$1 ! air cont9ually keeps x cold until ! eng9e has done work+2 !n ! cock mu/ be %ut aga94 ,! bell[s is work$ by means ( a small lev]1 & pullies appli$ to ! great lev] ( ! fire-eng9e1 :i* keeps a cont9ual bla/ :il/ ! eng9e works2 ! /r5g? ( :i* is increas$ or dim9i%$1 by add+ or tak+ (f ! weights on ! bell[s4 ,! effect produc$1 accord+ to ! be/ obs]vations ,i c\ld make1 01 fir/1 a v visible alt]ation = ! bett] 9 ! work+ ( ! eng9e4 ,:5 ! fire 0 /irr$1 z x mu/ be e "t fuel is add$1 ! /eam g5]ally became too fi]ce1 :i* occasion$ great irregul>ity1 & sometimes1 if n wat*$1 great damage to ! eng9e2 & :5 ! fire abat$1 ! /roke became imm$iately mu* %ort]1 or /opp$ intirely1 if fuel 0 n soon add$3 :]eas1 by bl[+ air ?us ?ro' ! wat]1 x keeps1 ) any mod]ate c>e1 an equal /roke to its full l5g?1 f ! beg9n+ to ! end2 & by t means dis*>ges a consid]ably great] quantity ( wat]4 ,a pro( ( :i* 0 v evid5t1 ?o' ,i c\ld n asc]ta9 ! exact quantity3 = ! eng9e1 be=e ?is improvem5t1 suppli$ b two ma9 pipes at once1 :i* convey$ ! wat] to ! h\ses s]v$ by !m2 b s9ce c\ld n take (f ! quantity ( wat] ?r[n up1 "p ( :i* 0 oblig$ to be dis*>g$ into a ?ird ma94 ,z to ! quantity ( fuel1 t may be sav$ by ?is me?od1 x is n easy to det]m9e f any exp]im5t on ?is eng9e1 ! boil] & fire-place ( :i* is made v diff]5t f all o!rs1 & ! quantity ( fuel already !reby greatly less5$4 ,! fire-place1 :i* may be said to be )9 ! boil]1 & is b b>ely l>ge en\gh to conta9 a quantity ( ! r\nde/ & /ronge/ burn+ coals suffici5t to "w ! eng9e1 _c 9 ?is be made less2 & consequ5tly w n admit su* a sav+ f ?is model1 z f "o prop]ly con/ruct$ = ! purpose3 a pro( ( :i* ,i made1 by try+ "s coals ( a weak] k9d1 :i* 7 also *eap]2 b on trial 7 n /rong en\gh to "w ! eng9e1 & _h !re=e be5 laid by4 ,^! coals answ]$ extremely well2 &1 z x 0 a sl[]-burn+ coal1 ,i f\nd ! consumption1 :il/ !y la/$1 0 betwe5 two & ?ree bu%els less 9 e six h\rs1 :i* is ab\t ! "t ! eng9e works ea* day3 & ,i am satisfi$1 if ! p]son1 :o att5ds ! eng9e1 w\ld take ! prop] c>e1 m coals c\ld /ill be sav$4 ,= at sev]al diff]5t times1 :5 ,i _h ! coals exactly measur$1 & m>k$ ! "t1 ,i con/antly f\nd1 t x requir$ half a bu%el 9 ! h\r less ?an he g5]ally us$1 & ! eng9e ?rew up z mu* wat]4 ,z ?is me?od ( bl[+ air ?ro' boil+ wat]1 9 ord] to increase ! quantity ( /eam = a fire-eng9e1 has1 ,i believe1 nev] be=e be5 attempt$1 & produces already a v good effect1 ,i am 9 hopes x may be /ill fur!r improv$4 ,,xi4 ,extract ( a ,lett] ( ,mr4 ,abraham ,trembley1 ,f4,r4,s4 to ,?o4 ,bir*1 ,d4,d4 ,secret4 ,r4,s4 ,translat$ f ! ,fr5*4 ,read ,feb4 #ag1 #ageg4 ,hague1 #a ,feb4 #ageg4 ,,sir1 ,i ,wrote to y on ! #bf? ( ,novemb] la/1 conc]n+ ! e>?quake felt "s "t be=e betwe5 ! ,rh9e & ! ,meuse4 ,i h be5 s9ce in=m$ by ,pr(essor ,donati ( ,tur91 t a slight %ock _h be5 p]ceiv$ !re on ! #ac? ( ,augu/ #agef1 at a qu>t] aft] n9e 9 ! morn+4 ,x 0 likewise felt 9 o!r p>ts ( ,pi$mont4 ,he has also communicat$ to me an extract ( a lett] ( a pr(essor ( ,g5oa1 "o ( 8 fri5ds1 ( :i* ! foll[+ is a translation4 8,on ! #i? ( ,novemb] we felt "h two %ocks ( an e>?quake2 "o at #bj h\rs1 accord+ to ! ,italian way ( reckon+2 ! o!r at ab\t #d h\rs at night4 ,i did n p]ceive ! fir/1 be+ !n walk+ 9 ! h\se2 b ,i felt ! second4 ,i 0 !n laid d[n1 & go+ to sleep4 ,! direction ( ! undulations 0 f nor? to s\?1 z f> z ,i c\ld judge40 ,mons4 ,donati took la/ summ]1 accord+ to 8 cu/om1 a j\rney1 9 ord] to prosecute 8 rese>*es into natural hi/ory4 ,he 0 accompani$ by ,dr4 ,ascanius1 ,fell[ ( ! ,royal ,society2 :o 0 /ill 9 d\bt ab\t coral's be+ a composition ( animals4 ,mons4 ,donati c>ri$ him to ! sea ( ,prov5ce4 ,he ord]$ coral to be fi%$ up 9 8 pres5ce4 ,he plac$ x 9 a l>ge vessel full ( wat]2 & c>ri$ ?is vessel on %ore2 :]e he soon conv9c$ ,dr4 ,ascanius1 by 8 own eyes1 t coral is a mass ( animals ( ! polype-k9d4 ,mons4 ,donati has writt5 to me1 t he has ?or\ghly satisfi$ himself by 8 la/ obs]vations1 t ! polypes are fix$ to _! cells2 ( :i* he _h be=e d\bt$4 ,:at he says aft]w>ds ( coral appe>s to me to express ) m tru? & precision :at we ought to ?9k ( ?is k9d ( animals1 ?an any ( ! descriptions1 :i* h be5 giv5 s9ce ! new discov]ies h *ang$ our s5tim5ts on t subject4 ,polype-b$s1 & ! cells1 :i* !y conta91 are commonly spok5 ( z be+ ! "w ( polypes4 ,!y are comp>$ to ! honeycomb made by bees4 ,x is m exact to say1 t coral1 & o!r corall9e bodies1 h ! same relation to ! polypes unit$ to !m1 t !re is betwe5 ! %ell ( a snail & ! snail itself1 or betwe5 ! bones ( an animal1 & ! animal itself4 ,mons4 ,donati's words are z foll[4 8,i am n[ ( op9ion1 t coral is no?+ else ?an a real animal1 :i* has a v great numb] ( heads4 ,i consid] ! polypes ( coral only z ! heads ( ! animal4 ,?is animal has a bone ramifi$ 9 ! %ape ( a %rub4 ,?is bone is cov]$ ) a k9d ( fle%1 :i* is ! fle% ( ! animal4 ,my obs]vations h discov]$ to me sev]al analogies betwe5 ! animals ( k9ds approa*+ to ?is4 ,!re are1 = in/ance1 k]atophyta1 :i* d n diff] f coral1 except 9 ! bone or "p1 t =ms ! prop ( ! animal4 ,9 ! coral x is te/ace\s1 & 9 ! k]atophyta x is horny40 ,! obs]vations1 :i* ,i h made ^u "s k9d ( polype-b$s1 lead me to ?9k1 t :at are call$ polypes1 9 ^? bodies1 :i* are obs]v$ to come out ( & return into ! cells1 are m ?an ! heads ( ! animal4 ,i h se5 "s1 :i* _h a bag1 into :i* pass'd _! food1 :i* ,i saw !m swall[2 & ano!r bag1 into :i* pass$ ! grosse/ "p ( t food1 aft] x 0 dige/$4 ,?is is ! case1 = in/ance1 ( ! plum$ polypes1 :i* ,i describ$ at ! end ( ! ?ird memoir1 9 ! "w publi%$ by me on "o k9d ( fre%-wat] polypes4 ,mons4 ,donati has obs]v$ div]s v curi\s facts 9 ! j\rney1 :i* he made into ! m\nta9s4 ,he has1 9 p>ticul>1 trac$ out an imm5se b$ ( m>9e bodies4 ,?is b$ crosses ! highe/ m\nta9s1 :i* sep>ate ,prov5ce f ,pi$mont1 & loses itself 9 ! pla9s ( ,pi$mont4 ,he has likewise obs]v$ a mass ( rock1 :i* =ms ! extremity ( a pretty high m\nta91 ! foot ( :i* is wa%$ by ! sea4 ,?is rock is at a consid]able height1 intirely pi]c$ by pholades1 t species ( m>9e %ell-fi% s well kn[n1 :i* digs cells into ! /ones4 ,x appe>s f h5ce1 t ?is rock 0 "s "t cov]$ by ! sea4 ,accord+ to ,mons4 ,donati1 ! sea has ins5sibly retir$ f ! p>ts1 :i* 7 wa%$ by x2 & he ?9ks1 t !re mu/ h be5 a v consid]able space ( "t betwe5 t & ! "t1 :5 ?is m\nta91 pi]c$ by pholades1 0 cov]$ by ! wat]s ( ! sea4 ,he d$uces 8 op9ion f ! foll[+ fact4 ,!re is 9 ?is rock1 pretty ne> ! surface ( ! sea1 a natural cav]n fill'd ) e>?4 ,9 ?is e>? h be5 f\nd anci5t ,roman s>cophagi & lamps4 ,x foll[s f h5ce1 t ev5 9 ! "t ( ! ,romans ?is "p ( ! rock1 9 :i* ?is cav]n is situat$1 0 n "u wat]4 ,z !re is b a small di/ance betwe5 ! cav]n & ! surface ( ! wat]1 x foll[s1 t ! wat] has sunk b v little s9ce ! "t ( ! ,romans4 ,if x has sunk 9 ! same proportion s9ce ! "t1 :5 x cov]$ ! top ( ! rock1 !re is no d\bt1 b t ! "t1 :5 x 0 intirely cov]$ by ! sea1 mu/ h be5 v di/ant4 ,if ! same mann] ( reason+ be us$1 ) respect to ! b$ ( m>9e bodies1 m5tion$ above1 :i* crosses ! m\nta9s1 t sep>ate ,prov5ce f ,pi$mont1 we %all be oblig$ to presume1 t ! "t1 :5 ^? m\nta9s 7 "u ! wat]s ( ! sea1 0 at a v great di/ance f ! pres5t4 ,mons4 ,donati concludes f ^! facts1 & ! consequ5ces d$uc$ f !m1 t ! ,m$it]ranean sea is a v anci5t1 & n a mod]n "o1 z ,mons4 de ,buffon imag9es4 ,^?1 :o expla9 all phnom5a ( m>9e bodies f\nd out ( ! sea1 by an univ]sal deluge1 d n admit ! consequ5ces drawn by ,mons4 ,donati f ^? m>9e bodies n[ "u consid]ation4 ,x is pla91 t mo/ ( ! naturali/s1 :o h obs]v$ a great numb] ( ^! m>9e bodies1 are n ( op9ion1 t all ^? phnom5a c be expla9$ by a univ]sal deluge4 ,^u ^! subjects1 be=e we und]take to judge1 x is prop] to be well in=m$ ( ! nature ( m>9e fossile bodies1 :i* are f\nd 9 div]s p>ts1 & ( _! situation & arrangem5t4 ,x is necess>y likewise to be acqua9t$ ) ! /ate ( ^?1 :i* are f\nd actually "u ! sea1 & ! revolutions1 to :i* !y are subject1 :ile !y are cov]$ by x4 ,x is /ill f>!r requisite to h an att5tion to ! revolutions1 :i* h be5 & are con/antly obs]v$1 ) respect to ! sea-%ores1 :i* *ange _! situation 9 sev]al p>ts1 "s advanc+ ^u ! l&1 & o!rs retir+4 ,if all ^! diff]5t facts be comp>$ toge!r1 x w n be d\bt$1 b !re are actually "u ! e>? m>9e bodies :i* are f\nd !re only 9 consequ5ce ( ^! sl[ revolutions1 & n ( an univ]sal deluge4 ,p]haps ?is notion might be ext5d$ to ! greate/ "p ( ! m>9e fossile bodies1 :i* are kn[n to u4 ,mons4 ,donati in=ms me1 t he w\ld be glad to pres5t to ! ,royal ,society an hi/ory ( coral1 if he ?\ght1 t x w\ld be agreeable to !m4 ,,xii4 ,a brief ,botanical & ,m$ical ,hi/ory ( ! ,solanum ,le?ale1 ,bella-donna1 or ,deadly ,night%ade1 by ,mr4 ,ri*>d ,pultney4 ,communicat$ by ,mr4 ,william ,watson1 ,f4,r4,s4 ,read ,feb4 #ag1 #ageg4 ,,bella-,,donna is ! "n1 :i* ! ,italians1 & p>ticul>ly ! ,v5etians1 apply to ?is plant2 & ,mr4 ,ray#a obs]ves1 t is s call$ because ! ,italian ladies make a cosmetic f ! juice1 or di/ill$ wat]1 :i* !y use to make _! complexion fair & :ite4 ,o!rs#b suppose x d]ives its "n f its intoxicat+ quality4 ,) u x is g5]ally kn[n by ! "n ( ,deadly ,night%ade1 or ,dwale1 ?o' ?is la/ t]m is seldom us$ = x2 & ! old ,fr5* ^w ,morelle1 :i* ,lobel applies to x1 seems to be q =gott5 among/ u4 ,,classical ,,di/ribution4 ,! ,deadly ,night%ade 0 v soon discov]$ by ! reviv]s ( botany aft] ! re/oration ( le>n+2 &1 agreeable to ! fa%ion ( ^? days1 x 0 greatly debat$ among comm5tators1 :e!r x 0 kn[n1 & by :at "n1 to ! fa!rs ( botany ,!ophra/us & ,dioscorides4 ,sev]al ( ! writ]s ( t "t1 z ,dod5u1 ,guil&9us1 ,fu*sius1 & ,cordus1 7 ( op9ion1 t x 0 ! ,m&ragora morion ( ,!ophra/us2 & _! s5tim5ts 7 esp\s$ by 8 le>n$ comm5tator ,bodu ,/apel#c1 :o moreov] supposes x ! plant1 :i* ,dioscorides describes1 lib4 iv4 cap4 #fi4 "u ! "n ( 4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,mat?iolus#d has tak5 great pa9s to prove1 t x is n ! ,m&ragora ( ,!ophra/us2 & bo? he & ,ruellius#e are incl9$ to ?9k1 t ! ,bella-donna 0 n kn[n to ei!r ( ! ,grecian ,fa!rs2 :o are s %ort1 vague1 & imme?odical1 9 _! descriptions1 t x is v difficult1 n to say impossible1 to apply !m to p>ticul> species ) ju/ness & precision4 ,be ?is z x w1 our re/or]s ( botany agre$ 9 g5]al to rank x ) ! ,solana1 or ,night%ades2 & z mo/ ( !m took x to be ! ( ,dioscorides1 s we f9d !reto ! addition ( "s epi!t1 expressive ( its delet]i\s quality1 9 mo/ ( _! writ+s2 su* z le?ale1 somnif]um1 furiosum1 c4 ,its g5]al agreem5t ) ! plants ( t g5us1 & also ! k ! _w soon _h ( its poison\s quality1 :5 x is consid]$1 t sy/ematic di/ributions1 f ! p>ts ( fructification1 _h n be5 ?\ght ( at t "t3 ^!1 ,i say1 7 suffici5t reasons = ref]r+ x to ! ,night%ades4 ,by su* names !re=e is x f\nd 9 mo/ ( ! old writ]s2 till ,clusius1 :o1 obs]v+ p]haps1 t x diff]$ 9 its p>ts ( fructification f ! ,solana1 adopt$ ! indig5\s ,italian "n1 z a g5]ical "o1 & call$ x ,bella-donna4 ,csalp9us1 ! fir/ inv5tor ( a botanic sy/em1 did n sep>ate x f ! ,night%ades4 ,morison & ,ray1 ! reviv]s ( me?od almo/ an hundr$ ye>s aft]w>ds1 7 aw>e ( ! diff]5ce2 ! =m] hav+ plac$ x 9 a *apt] among ! ,solanis aff9es1 & ! latt] con/itut$ a di/9ct g5us ( x1 ?o' he reta9$ ! old "n 9 8 hi/ory ( plants4 ,t\rne=t adopt$ ,clusius's "n ,bella-donna1 & 0 foll[$ by all ! sy/ematic botani/s1 :o h s9ce wrote2 z ,bo]haave1 ,riv9i1 ,ruppius1 ,knaut1 ,magnol1 ,ludwig1 & ,hall]2 until ,l9nu1 con=mable to ! #bbi? rule ( ! ,fundam5ta ,botanica#f1 reject$ x1 & v expressly calls x ,atropa#g2 9 :i* he is foll[$ by all succe$+ writ]s1 :o h *os5 8 me?od4 ,csalp9us1 ,morison1 ,ray1 ,h]man1 & ,bo]haave1 :o range ^! plants accord+ to ! fruit1 place ! ,deadly ,night%ade among ! ,h]b ,baccif] 9 _! respective sy/ems4 ,riv9us1 ,ludwig1 & ,*ri/ian ,knaut1 :o adopt ! numb] & regul>ity ( ! petals 9 ! corolla1 = _! classical "*1 ref] x to su* z h regul> monopetal\s fl[]s4 ,ruppius1 ^: me?od is ^u ! same plan1 br+s x among ! irregul> monopetal\s ones4 ,t\rne=t's me?od1 :i* is e/abli%$ ^u ! figure ( ! fl[]1 takes x into ! fir/ class among su* plants z h campani=m or bell-%ap$ fl[]s4 ,dr4 ,van ,roy51 ^: sy/em is und\bt$ly a v elegant attempt t[>ds ! natural me?od 9 botany1 arranges x among su* z he calls ,oligan!r2 namely1 su* plants z h ! /am9a equal to1 or few] 9 numb] ?an1 ! segm5ts ( ! corolla4 ,dr4 ,hall]1 ^: me?od is ^u ! plan ( a natural "o also1 includes ! ,bella-donna among ! ,iso/emones1 su* plants z h ! numb] ( ! /am9a equal to ! segm5ts ( ! corolla4 ,9 ! sexual sy/em ( ,l9nu1 at ?is "t s g5]ally receiv$1 & s well e/abli%$1 x belongs to ! ,p5t&ria monogynia1 or su* plants z h five /am9a & "o /yle4 ,! plants ( ?is ord] are arrang$ into five subdivisions4 ,! ,atropa comes 9 among ^?1 t h decl9at$ /am9a4 ,accord+ to ?is me?od1 we %all give its g5]ical *>act]s f ! la/ edition ( ,l9nu's ,g5]a ,plant>um4 ,! mo/ obvi\s & ess5tial "* ( ! g5us is ! globose b]ry1 & op5 calyx#h4 ,! g5]al "* is z foll[s4 ,,atropa ,l9n4 ,g54 ,plant4 ,ed4 #e4 ,n4 #bbb4 ,! calyx is a gibb\s p]man5t p]ian?ium1 =m$ ( a s+le leaf divid$ into five acute segm5ts4 ,! corolla is =m$ ( a s+le bell-%ap$ petal1 ! tube ( :i* is v %ort2 ! limb v5tricose1 ( an oval figure1 & long] ?an ! calyx4 ,! m\? is small1 exp&$1 & divid$ into five pretty equal segm5ts4 ,! /am9a are five subulat$ filam5ts proce$+ f ! base ( ! fl[]1 & are ( ! same l5g?3 at ! base !y are conniv5t1 & at ! top b5t outw>dly4 ,! an!r are ?ick & assurg5t4 ,! g]m5 is ( a semiovat$ figure3 ! /yle is fili=m1 ( ! l5g? ( ! /am9a1 & incl9at$4 ,! /igma is capitat$1 transv]sely oblong1 & assurg5t4 ,! fruit is a globose b]ry1 /&+ 9 a l>ge cup1 & conta9+ ?ree cells4 ,! receptacle is convex on bo? sides1 & kidney-%ap$4 ,! se$s are num]\s1 & kidney-%ap$ also4 ,! ,,species4 #a4 ,atropa caule h]baceo1 foliis ovatis integris4 ,l9n4 ,spec4 ,plant4 p4 #aha4 ,atropa4 ,l9n4 ,hort4 ,cliff4 #eg4 ,roy4 ,lugd4 #dbc4 ,hort4 ,ups4 #de4 ,dalib4 ,p>is4 #gj4 ,bella-donna majoribus foliis et floribus4 ,t\rn4 ,in/4 #gg4 ,bo]h4 ,lugd4 ,,ii4 #fi4 ,mill]1 plate #fb4 ,bella-donna dicta ,solanum le?ale4 ,hill4 ,h]b4 ,britan4 p4 #cbh4 tab4 #dg4 ,bella-donna4 ,clus4 ,pan4 p4 #ejc4 ,bod ,/ap4 p4 #ehf4 ,cat4 ,giss54 #adb4 ,raii ,syn4 ed4 #c4 p4 #bfe4 ,vaillant4 ,botan4 ,p>4 p4 #bj4 ,hall4 ,helv4 #ejg4 ,dale ,ph>macol4 #d ed4 p4 #gb4 ,wilson4 ,synop4 p4 #abb4 ,solanoc ong5] flore campanulato vulgatius1 latioribus foliis4 ,hi/4 ,oxon4 ,,iii4 p4 #ecb4 sect4 #ac4 tab4 #c4 fig4 #d4 ,solanum somnif]um4 ,fu*s4 #fhi4 ,icon4 opt4 ,solanum maniacum multis sive ,bella-donna4 ,j4,b4 ,,iii4 p4 #faa4 ,solanum melanoc]asos4 ,c4,b4 p94 #aff4 ,solanum le?ale4 ,g]4 #afi4 emac4 #cdj4 ,p>k4 #cdf4 ,raii4 ,hi/4 ,plant4 #fgi4 ,solanum majus sive ,h]ba ,bella-donna4 ,mat?iol4 ,op]4 ,omn4 p4 #gef4 ,solanum somnif]um et le?ale4 ,lobel4 ,adv]s>4 p4 #ajb4 ,deadly ,night%ade1 or ,dwale4 #b4 ,atropa caule fruticoso4 ,spec4 ,plant4 #ahb4 ,bella-donna frutesc5s rotundifolia ,hispanica4 ,t\rn4 ,in/4 #gg4 ,solanum frutex rotundifolium ,hispanicum4 ,b>ril4 ,obs4 #b4 ,icon4 #aagc4 ,r\nd-leav$ %rubby ,spani% ,bella-donna4 #c4 ,atropa foliis s9uato-angulatis1 calycibus clausis acutangulis4 ,spec4 ,plant4 #aha4 ,bella-donna flore magno violaceo4 ,hill4 ,h]b4 ,brit4 #cai4 ,alkek5gi amplo fiore violaceo4 ,few4 ,p]4 #gbd4 tab4 #af4 ,l>ge violet-fl[]'d ,bella-donna1 or ,deadly ,night%ade4 ,! fir/ ( ! species "h enum]at$ is ! plant 9 "q4 ,! second has be5 f\nd gr[+ naturally 9 no o!r c\ntry ?an ,spa94 ,! ?ird 0 fir/ discov]$ by ,fa!r ,feuille 9 ,p]u1 & is !re=e only an inhabitant ( ! g>d5s 9 ?is "p ( ! _w4 ,! ,,description4 ,! root is p]5nial4 ,x is pretty long1 & divid$ into _m bran*es ( a br[n col\r1 succul5t1 & ( a disagreeable smell4 ,! radical leaves are frequ5tly a foot long1 & five in*es broad1 ( an oval acum9at$ figure1 & n s9uat$ on ! edges4 ,! /alk rises to ?ree or f\r feet3 x is mu* div>icat$ & bran*$4 ,! caul9e leaves /& alt]nately ^u x1 9 %ape l ! radical1 ( a dusky-gre5 col\r on ! upp] "p1 & a pal] gre5 und]nea?1 be+ a little hairy on bo? sides4 ,! fl[]s /& on s+le foot/alks1 9 ! al ( ! leaves3 !y are l>ge1 ( a campanulat$ figure1 & /riat$1 ( a dusky-purple col\r )91 ) a yell[ v>iegat$ base2 ! out] surface ( ! fl[] is ( a gre5i% r$4 ,aft] ! fl[] succe$s a f9e beautiful l>ge b]ry1 :i* is black :5 ripe4 ,= ! re/1 take 9 ! g5]ical "*4 ,mo/ ( ! old au?ors give u figures ( ?is plant1 :i*1 ?o' !y convey a g5]al idea ( x1 are yet sc>ce any ( !m exact4 ,?is fault 9 g5]al runs ?ro' all1 t ,i h _h an opportunity ( exam9+2 namely1 t ! fl[]s & fruit are repres5t$ by mu* too l>ge 9 proportion to ! leaves4 ,morison's is p]haps "o ( ! be/ among ! old figures3 x is1 ^u ! :ole1 tol]able1 b n accurate on acc\nt ( ! be=e-m5tion$ objection4 ,petiv]'s does by no means repres5t ! plant ju/ly1 9 t ! al ( ! leaves are n prop]ly fill$ up4 ,! mo/ accurate figure ( all1 t ,i h se51 is ,mr4 ,mill]'s1 9 8 plates adapt$ to ! ,g>d5]s ,diction>y1 :i* is und\bt$ly tak5 f nature itself4 ,,place ( ,,gr[?4 ,! ,deadly ,night%ade is f\nd 9 _m p>ts ( ,europe1 especially 9 ,engl& & 9 ,au/ria2 & yet 9 our own c\ntry x is happily n v pl5tiful1 inasmu* z our botanical writ]s usually reckon x among ! m r>e plants1 & specify p>ticul>ly ! places :]e !y h obs]v$ x4 ,"h 9 ,engl& x is *iefly f\nd 9 uncultivat$ places3 9 *ur*-y>ds1 ab\t old walls1 among rubbi% 9 %ady places1 ab\t dunghills1 9 lanes1 & sometimes ab\t woods & h$ges4 ,x beg9s to fl[] 9 ,june1 & ma9ta9s a succession ( fl[]s = two mon?s4 ,! b]ries are ripe 9 ,septemb] & ,octob]4 ,x is ( great importance1 t ! kn[lege ( poison\s plants %\ld be ext5d$ z mu* z possible1 t !y may ! bett] be avoid$1 & _! fatal effects ?ro' mi/ake be gu>d$ aga9/3 !re c !re=e be no impropriety 9 enum]at+ p>ticul>ly "s ( ^? places1 :]e our ,engli% botani/s h obs]v$ x4 ,mr4 ,ray m5tions its be+ f\nd 9 ! *ur*-y>d & lanes ab\t ,fulburn 9 ,cambridge%ire1 ,sutton-,colefield 9 ,w>wick%ire3 9 ! ,d[ns3 at ,cuck/one1 ne> ,ro*e/] 9 ,k5t1 all ! y>ds & backsides are ov]-run ) x4 ,ray4 ,syn4 ,^u ,clifton-hill1 ne> ,nott+ham2 also 9 a qu>ry ne> ! cold-ba? at ,mansfield4 ,catal4 ,nott+4 ,9 ,curr5wood-k9s1 ne> ,burton 9 ,k5dal1 & o!r places 9 ,we/morl&4 ,wilson's ,syn4 ,dr4 ,wilm] f\nd x am\ng ! bogs go+ d[n to ,dork+ 9 ,surrey1 pl5tifully4 ,9 ,pre/on *ur*-y>d1 ne> ,fev]%am 9 ,k5t4 ,mr4 ,watson f\nd x by ! wood-side1 "u ! p>k-wall1 betwe5 ,tems=d-mills & ,welwyn1 ,h]t=d%ire2 & ne> ! road betwe5 ,ro*e/] & ,maid/one4 ,mr4 ,black/one f\nd x 9 a %ady gravel-pit ne> ! old p>k-wood at ,h>efield1 & 9 ! g>d5s at ,m-p>k ne> ,rickmanswor?1 pl5tifully4 ,specim4 ,botan4 ,ab\t ,ro*e/] & ,*a?am1 :]e x gr[s 9 ! jo9ts ( old walls1 & 9 mo/ ( ! unfrequ5t$ lanes3 also 9 ,wood/ock-p>k 9 ,ox=%ire1 & ,up-p>k 9 ,hamp%ire4 ,i h obs]v$ x f\r or five ye>s s9ce on ! edge ( ,*>ley-=e/3 ab\t ,grace-,dieu1 ,leice/]%ire4 ,x gr[s ab\t ,nor? ,luff5ham 9 ,rutl&4 ,its ,,poison\s ,,quality4 ,!re h be5 _m fatal in/ances ( ! n>cotic & delet]i\s effects ( ! b]ries ( ?is plant4 ,!y are ^u record 9 almo/ all botanical1 & _m m$ical au?ors4 ,*ildr5 h unhappily be5 ! pr9cipal suff]]s ?is way1 be+ tempt$ to eat by ! entic+ aspect ( ! b]ries1 or by mi/ak+ !m = "s o!r fruit4 ,! b]ries1 h[ev]1 are n ! only "p ( ! plant1 :i* p>take ( ?is intoxicat+ & poison\s prop]ty3 ! :ole plant is endu$ ) x1 & t 9 no small degree4 ,if ! ,bella-donna is all[$ to be ! ( ,dioscorides#i1 ?is quality ( x 0 n unkn[n to t writ]4 ,x 0 v soon kn[n to ! fir/ writ]s 9 ! m$ical & botanic way aft] ! re/oration ( lett]s2 & !y h n fail$ to in=m u ( x4 ,tragus & ,fu*sius1 :o wrote ab\t ! middle ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 bo? relate in/ances ( ! poison\s effects ( ^! b]ries3 ! =m]1 ( a man1 :o w5t mad aft] hav+ eat5 ( !m2 ! latt]1 ( two *ildr51 :o p]i%$ by ! same means#aj4 ,lobel#aa tells u1 t ! b]ries ( ?is plant are pres5t dea?2 & in=ms u ( "s y\?s1 :o1 aft] eat+ !m1 became /upifi$1 & di$ z f an ov]-dose ( opium4 ,mat?iolus#ab relates1 f 8 own kn[lege1 ( "s *ildr5 poison$ by ! same means4 ,among all ! in/ances ( ! intoxicat+ nature ( ?is plant1 !re is none m memorable ?an t m5tion$ by ! ,scot* hi/orian ,bu*anan#ac1 ( ! de/ruction ( ! army ( ,sw5o2 :i* is quot$ by almo/ all au?ors1 :o h wrote ^u ?is plant4 ,x is !re said1 t ! ,scots mix$ a quantity ( ! juice ( ^! b]ries ) ! dr9k1 :i*1 by _! truce1 !y 7 to supply ! ,danes )2 :i* s intoxicat$ !m1 t ! ,scots kill$ ! greate/ "p ( !m :ile !y 7 asleep4 ,h[ f> ?is anecdote is to be dep5d$ ^u1 or :e!r o!r concurr5t circum/ances ought n to be tak5 into ! acc\nt1 ,i _c det]m9e4 ,our own h]bali/ ,g]>d#ad m5tions ! case ( ?ree boys 9 ! ,isle ( ,ely1 :o1 hav+ eat5 ( ^! b]ries1 two ( !m di$ 9 less ?an eight h\rs2 b ! ?ird1 by dr9k+ pl5tifully ( honey & wat]1 & vomit+ aft] x1 recov]$4 ,bodu ,/apel1 9 8 comm5t ^u ,!ophra/us#ae1 tells u ( two y\?s1 t eat two or ?ree ( ^! b]ries1 :i* !y got 9 ! ,leyd5 g>d51 mi/ak+ !m = black currants3 "o ( !m p]i%$1 & ! o!r recov]$ ) great difficulty4 ,simon ,pauli relates two or ?ree examples to ! same effect#af4 ,wepf] gives u a circum/antial acc\nt ( a *ild ab\t t5 ye>s old1 :o 0 ?r[n into a great v>iety ( convulsive symptoms aft] eat+ ( ?is fruit3 b prop] c>e be+ tak5 by vomit+1 & aft]w>ds giv+ alexiph>mics & anti-epileptic m$ic9es1 he recov]$#ag4 ,m4 ,b\lduc#ah laid be=e ! ,royal ,academy ( ,sci5ces at ,p>is1 ! case ( "s *ildr51 :o1 ^u eat+ ^! b]ries1 7 seiz$ ) a viol5t fev]1 palpitations ( ! he>t1 convulsions1 & lo/ _! s5ses4 ,"o ( !m1 a little boy ( f\r ye>s old1 di$ ! next morn+4 ,bo]haave has in/ances to ! same effect#ai3 & x 0 ! mis=tune ( ,dr4 ,abraham ,munt+1 a not$ botani/ & pr(essor ( physic 9 ! univ]sity ( ,gron+51 to h 8 own daught] poison$ ) ! b]ries ( ! ,bella-donna4 ,x w\ld be almo/ endless to recite all ! in/ances to be met ) ^u ?is head4 ,! ,g]man ,ephem]ides1 ! ,comm]cium ,lit]>ium1 & o!r p]iodical works1 furni% u ) f>!r pro(s ( ! deadly quality ( ! ,bella-donna2 & !y are unhappily corroborat$ by m rec5t in/ances 9 mod]n au?ors4 ,! ,g5tleman's ,magaz9e#bj1 ,mr4 ,mill] 9 8 ,g>d5]s ,diction>y1 & ,dr4 ,hill 9 8 ,briti% ,h]bal#ba1 exhibit to u sev]al melan*oly cases ( ?is k9d4 ,! effects ( ?is plant h be5 s extraord9>y1 t sev]al di/9ct treatises h be5 publi%$ pr(ess$ly ^u x4 ,! mo/ rem>kable ( ^! is t ( ,j4,m4 ,fab]'s1 pr9t$ at ,augsburg 9 #afgg1 "u ! foll[+ title2 ,/ry*nomania explicans ,/ry*ni manici antiquorum1 vel ,solani furiosi rec5tiorum hi/oriam4 ,9 ?is tract ! au?or has collect$ a numb] ( cases f v>i\s h&s1 conc]n+ ! poison\s quality ( ! plant 9 "q4 ,9 ! ye> #agad4 ,c4 ,sicelius publi%$ a treatise ^u ?is plant1 "u ! title ( ,diatribe de ,bella-donna4 ,j54 #hvo4 ,,m$ical ,,hi/ory4 ,:o x 01 t 0 bold en\gh to v5ture fir/ ^u ! int]nal use ( ?is plant z a m$ic9e1 ,i _c say2 *ance v probably l$ to x1 z 9 _m o!r cases4 ,9 ! mean "t1 !re is reason to believe1 t x is n altoge!r a mod]n practice4 ,"o w\ld be l$ to ?9k1 by ! acc\nts giv5 u 9 ,mat?iolus & ,bodu1 t 9 _! days its op]ation 0 v well kn[n2 & t !y knew h[ to dose x v exactly1 s9ce !y give u an acc\nt ( tricks be+ play$ ) x1 by infus+ ! quantity ( a scruple ( ! root 9 w9e1 & intoxicat+ p !re)4 ,! =m] ( ^! au?ors relates1 t ! di/ill$ wat] f ?is plant1 9 a dose ( ab\t two or ?ree spoonfuls1 0 exhibit$ by "s p 9 inflammations ( ! visc]a2 &1 he obs]ves1 ) good success4 ,p>k9son seems to h transcrib$ ?is acc\nt1 respect+ ?is use ( x2 b nei!r ( !m speak ( x f _! own kn[lege4 ,x may be que/ion$1 h[ev]1 :e!r ?is c\ld act o!rwise ?an z m]e wat]2 s9ce ! pr9ciples ) :i* ?is plant is endu$1 d n seem capable 7if "o may judge f its s5sible qualities & effects ^u ^? :o h tak5 x7 ( ris+ 9 a /ill4 ,mr4 ,ray#bb1 f ! ,g]man ,ephem]ides1 an4 #ac4 obs4 #fd4 pres5ts u ) ! relation ( a %eph]d 9 ,d5m>k1 :o adm9i/]$ an infusion ( ! b]ries 9 w9e 9 ! dys5t]y1 :i* 0 !re v common1 & v ob/9ate2 add+1 t x 0 att5d$ ) great success1 n only re/ra9+ ! flux1 b c>ry+ (f ! disord] by sweat4 ,mr4 ,ray obs]ves fur!r1 t1 correspond5t ) ?is practice1 ,conrade ,gesn] actually prep>$ a syrop f ! b]ries1 & gave x 9 dys5t]ic cases ) great success4 ,?is acc\nt is f\nd 9 ,gesn]'s ,epi/les1 & is quot$ also by ,dr4 ,hall]#bc1 :5 treat+ ( ?is plant4 ,possibly its efficacy 9 ^! cases may be acc\nt$ =1 f consid]+ x m]ely 9 ! quality ( an opiate2 & !re=e x _c be adviseable to use x1 :5 saf] m$ic9es are always at h&4 ,its ext]nal use seems to be ( z long a date z its int]nal2 & x 0 on acc\nt ( its cool+ & repell5t quality1 t x came into cr$it z a fucus among ! ,italian ladies4 ,mat?iolus recomm5ds x 9 ! erysipelas1 ! %+les1 & o!r inflammatory disord]s ( ! sk94 ,! leaves1 appli$ 9 ! =m ( a cataplasm1 are mu* celebrat$ by _m writ]s1 z ( great use 9 resolv+ tumors1 p>ticul>ly ( ! brea/1 & ev5 su* z are ( a s*irr\s & canc]\s nature4 ,_m ( ! old au?ors#bd m5tion ?is application ( x1 among o!r ( ! cool+ & n>cotic h]bs2 su* z ! common night%ade1 h5bane1 h\nds-tongue1 c4 :i* x 0 usual to apply on su* occasions4 ,mr4 ,ray in=ms u1 t ,mr4 ,p]cival ,willughby exp]i5c$ its efficacy repeat$ly1 9 discuss+ h>dnesses & canc]\s tumors 9 ! brea/4 ,its relax+ quality is v surpris+1 z appe>s by t memorable case relat$ by ! la/-m5tion$ au?or1 ( a lady's apply+ a leaf ( x to a little ulc]1 suspect$ to be ( ! canc]\s k9d1 a little bel[ h] eye1 :i* r5d]$ ! pupil s p>alytic1 t x lo/ all its motion = "s "t aft]w>ds3 & t ?is ev5t 0 really ow+ to t application1 appe>s f ! exp]im5t's be+ repeat$ ) ! same effect ?ree times4 ,! ,g]man physicians h gone mu* fur!r3 !y h ev5 v5tur$ to give x inw>dly 9 canc]\s cases4 ,dr4 ,hall]1 :5 treat+ ( ! quality ( ?is plant1 ref]s to ,junk]1 & o!rs ( ! mod]n physicians1 z recomm5d+ ! decoction ( x ) caution1 t x be n giv5 9 su* quantity z to cause sleep4 ,s long s9ce z ! ye> #agci4 !re 0 a !sis publi%$ at ,hall1 by ,mi*ael ,alb]t1 9 :i* ! ,bella-donna is propos$ z a specific 9 canc]\s cases4 ,:at o!r physicians patronize ?is use ( x1 ,i _c say1 hav+ b little opportunity ( consult+ ^? academic pieces1 :i* are ( su* em95t use 9 compilations ( ?is k9d4 ,?us mu* is c]ta91 t its use1 9 su* cases1 r ga9s gr\nd2 & ! case1 publi%$ 9 ! ,fr5* ,biblio!que#be1 pr9t$ at ! ,hague1 ( an ulc]at$ canc] be+ radically cur$ by an infusion ( ! leaves ( ?is plant 9 wat]1 des]ves p>ticul> att5tion1 on acc\nt ( its be+ s well atte/$4 ,! case is extract$ f an inaugural !sis ( ,pr(essor ,lamb]g5's1 :o 0 ! physician conc]n$#bf4 ,! ev5t 0 s s+ul>ly happy & successful 9 ?is in/ance1 t we hope x w ne$ no apology1 if we give a p>ticul> detail ( x4 ,! p]son afflict$ ) ?is mis]able disease 0 a wid[ ( #cd ye>s ( age1 & "m ( f\r *ildr54 ,%e _h b weak n]ves1 & _h be5 subject to inflammatory disord]s4 ,%e in=m$ ,m4 ,lamb]g51 ^u exam9+ h]1 t %e _h _h a qu9zy six times1 :i* _h twice end$ 9 suppuration3 t eight ye>s be=e h] "r brea/ _h suppurat$1 & dis*>g$ mu* matt]3 t two ye>s aft] x suppurat$ aga92 & t at ! end ( ano!r ye> bo? brea/s und]w5t ! same fate2 s9ce :5 ! "r _h rema9$ s*irr\s1 b 0 )\t pa91 except :5 %e h&l$ x4 ,%e _h suckl$ h] y\nge/ *ild ab\t six mon?s1 :5 %e 0 seiz$ ) a fev]2 & ! left brea/ 7) :i* only %e c\ld suckle s9ce ! o!r _h suppurat$7 soon swell$1 inflam$ greatly1 0 v pa9ful1 & soon became almo/ z l>ge z a *ild's head4 ,dr4 ,lamb]g5 be+ call$ 91 ord]$ copi\s ble$+1 & t ! *ild %\ld suck z little z possible4 ,%e took "s m$ic9es1 & soon recov]$4 ,a ye> pass$ aft] ?is )\t any bad accid5t2 :5 ! lun> evacuations1 :i* %e _h _h f h] #ah? ye>1 beg9n+ to dim9i%1 %e felt a prick+ pa9 9 h] left brea/1 & h] "r began to swell4 ,^u a fright1 %e _h a fall1 :i* accid5t increas$ bo? ! pa9 & swell+2 & %e _h rec\rse aga9 to ,dr4 ,lamb]g54 ,he f\nd ! tumors 9 h] "r brea/ mu* enl>g$1 & s connect$ toge!r1 z to feel l "o l>ge "o only4 ,on ! upp] "p ( ! brea/1 ^u ! pectoral muscle1 x felt rugg$1 unequal1 & almo/ z h>d z a /one4 ,! pati5t compla9$ ( a con/ant it*+ 9 ! "p1 & at times a pung5t pa91 :i* seem$ to %oot f ! armpit1 & end 9 ! tumor4 ,"u ?is armpit ! gl&s 7 h>d & s*irr\s2 & ! left brea/ 0 n exempt f ! l indurations4 ,a ve9 or two on ! "r brea/ 0 a little enl>g$1 o!rwise no alt]ation4 ,x 0 no hott] ?an common2 nor _h x und]gone any *ange ( col\r4 ,to mitigate ! pa9 ( ! s*irr\s1 ,dr4 ,lamb]g5 ord]$ ! foll[+ plai/]3 ,ung4 ,diapomphol4 ij4 ,amalgam1 m]c4 et ,plumb4 iij4 ,sp]m4 ,cet4 j4 ,m4 ,) ?is ext]nal application he prescrib$ likewise ! foll[+ p[d]s1 to be tak5 night & morn+1 & gave directions relat+ to ! non-naturals4 ,coral4 rub4 ,antimon4 ,diaphoret4 illot4 ,sp]4 ,ceti a ij4 ,laud4 gr4 vj4 ,m4 = #ab doses4 ,"u ?is me?od ! pa9 remitt$1 b ! tumor inl>g$1 & a little ris+ 0 obs]v$ on ! upp] "p ( x2 & t[>ds ! nipple1 :]e !re 0 ! lea/ h>dness1 a small spot 0 p]ceiv$1 :i*1 at ! next return ( ! catam5ia1 inflam$1 & became ! seat ( ! mo/ excruciat+ pa94 ,dr4 ,lamb]g51 dur+ ?is p]iod1 9 ! room ( ! p[d]s1 sub/itut$ emm5agogic pills1 & ord]$ ! p$iluvium4 ,%e lo/ t5 ounces ( blood f ! foot3 & by ^! means ! swell+ ( ! brea/ dim9i%$1 & ! pati5t suff]$ v little = "s days4 ,?is truce1 h[ev]1 0 b tempor>y3 ! ris+ on ! upp] "p ( ! tumor began to inflame1 it*$ intol]ably1 ! pa9 return$1 0 almo/ p]petual1 & insupportably pung5t4 ,9 ?is dreadful /ate 0 ! pati5t1 :5 ,dr4 ,lamb]g5 desir$ ! late ,dr4 du ,bois1 ,dr4 ,w9t]1 physician to ! h\se ( ,orange & pr(essor at ,leyd51 toge!r ) ,dr4 ,van ,arum ( ,leew>d51 physician 9 ord9>y to ! ,pr9cess d[ag]1 to visit h]4 ,^! g5tlem5 exam9$ h] _m times1 & unanim\sly agre$1 t x 0 n[ no less ?an a confirm$ canc]4 ,x 0 ,pr(essor ,w9t]1 :o acqua9t$ ,dr4 ,lamb]g51 t he _h he>d ,m4 ,degn]1 a celebrat$ physician at ,nimegu51 speak ( ! ,bella-donna1 z a sov]eign rem$y aga9/ invet]ate s*irri2 add+1 nev]!less1 t he _h nev] tri$ x himself4 ,9 su* a case z ?is1 :]e dea? seem$ inevitable1 a dang]\s rem$y is to be pref]r$ to none at all4 ,dr4 ,lamb]g5 !re=e det]m9$ to try x ^u 8 pati5t2 b1 kn[+ ! "*1 :i* ! plant bore1 he resolv$ to try ! effects ( x ^u himself fir/4 ,to ?is end1 he p\r$ t5 tea-cups ( wat] ^u a scruple ( ! leaves1 :i* _h be5 ga!r$ & dri$ ?ree ye>s3 he let x /& all night lukew>m4 ,( ?is infusion he took half a tea-cup full1 be+ ! tw5tie? "p ( ! :ole1 9 ! morn+ fa/+2 b p]ceiv$ no effect f x4 ,?is det]m9$ him ! next morn+ to d\ble ! dose2 :i* produc$ a slight v]tigo1 & = an h\r or two an uncommon dryness 9 8 m\?4 ,be+ ?us prep>$1 z he knew 8 pati5t _h b a weak n]v\s sy/em1 he det]m9$ to beg9 ) caution4 ,x 0 ! #ad? day ( ,janu>y #agde1 t %e took ! fir/ dose1 be+ "o tea-cup full4 ,x _h ! same effect ^u h]1 z x _h _h on h] physician2 & moreov] r5d]$ h] pulse weak] & quick] ?an usual4 ,= sev5 morn+s successively %e took ! same dose1 :i*1 9 g5]al1 produc$ ! same effect4 ,at ! same "t ! pla/] 0 r5ew$1 ) ! addition ( a few gra9s ( opium4 ,"u ?is me?od h] pa9 0 mitigat$2 b1 be=e ! latt] end ( ! week1 return$ aga9 m frequ5tly1 & m acute2 s t %e 0 r$uc$ to a mo/ deplorable condition4 ,! ris+ on ! upp] "p ( ! brea/ became livid2 ! place ne> ! nipple be=e-m5tion$ inflam$1 & 0 v pa9ful2 & two little po9t$ ris+s 7 obs]v$ ^u x1 toge!r ) a slight fissure or op5+4 ,z ! m5/rual p]iod 0 approa*+1 ! infusion & ! p[d]s 7 omitt$1 & ! p$iluvium sub/itut$4 ,a mixture ) crabs-eyes1 sp4 nitri4 d4 & syr4 e mecon4 reliev$ ! pati5t f "s spasmodic compla9ts %e _h at ?is "t1 & ! m5ses return$ m copi\sly ?an ev]4 ,! #bg? %e took some?+ m ?an a tea-cup ( ! infusion1 be+ ! fir/ dose ( ! second scruple3 h] body 0 soluble2 h] brea/ less swell$1 b ! pa9 return$ v acute1 & seem$ to t]m9ate 9 ! little call\s em95ce on ! upp] "p ( ! brea/1 :i* n[ likewise became m po9t$4 ,! #bh? %e took ! same quantity ( ! infusion4 ,! two little po9t$ places ne> ! nipple 7 n[ become two little holes1 b _h n dis*>g$ any matt]4 ,! o!r sore on ! upp] "p ( ! brea/ 0 m livid /ill1 & m pa9ful1 & _h ris5 into two little :iti% po9ts4 ,! p[d]s 7 omitt$ ?is night1 z !y _h be5 n[ & !n at o!r times4 ,! #bi?1 v little sleep ! =ego+ night1 great pa9 f ! upp] sore1 ! holes ne> ! nipple 7 become l>g]1 & _h run a yell[i% matt]4 ,! same dose ( ! infusion z be=e4 ,at night %e _h mo/ acute pa9 f ! upp] sore4 ,! #cj? bo? sores 7 ne>ly 9 ! same /ate4 ,all rem$ies 7 ?is day laid aside1 except ! infusion2 ( :i* %e took a cup-full & an half2 b h] m\? soon became s dry1 t %e c\ld sc>cely swall[ a little tea2 & ! v]tigo 0 s viol5t1 t %e /agg]$3 h] sight 0 s weak5$1 t %e c\ld sc>cely read4 ,not)/&+ ?is1 %e _h no anxiety1 nor nausea1 nor pa92 b h] appetite 0 less1 & h] pulse quick]4 ,! #ca/ all ! la/-m5tion$ symptoms cont9u$ ! same3 ! two po9t$ em95ces on ! upp] "p ( ! brea/ 7 become two little holes likewise1 & _h dis*>g$ a few drops ( good matt]4 ,! #a/ ( ,febru>y ! upp] sore _h dis*>g$ b little matt]1 & t ?9n] ?an be=e4 ,t ne> ! nipple 0 become m livid1 & ! two holes 7 l>g]2 b !re _h be5 no dis*>ge = sev]al days4 ,! pulse & appetite 7 good1 sleep natural1 ! body op54 ,! pa91 inde$1 0 cont9ual1 b less acute4 ,! #b;d1 little alt]ation4 ,! sores dis*>g$ b little4 ,f ?is "t !y 7 dress$ twice 9 a day ) ,nutritum1 & ov] all ! ,emp4 ,saturn94 ,! pa9 0 n s viol5t1 b 0 felt 9 ano!r place1 :i* began to swell4 ,f ! #f? to ! #ah? bett] & worse3 ! pa9 m or less acute2 & ! catam5ia pass$ )\t any bad effects4 ,at ! end ( ?is mon? ! s*irrus all ov] ! brea/ 0 mu* s(t5$1 & s5sibly dim9i%$4 ,?is 0 ! op9ion ( ,dr4 du ,bois & ,dr4 ,w9t]1 z well z ( ,dr4 ,lamb]g54 ,! #a/ ( ,m>* an inflammation arose on ! sole ( ! "r foot1 & ext5d$ up ! leg ab\t f\r f+]s above ! heel4 ,x end$ 9 two great bli/]s1 z if f a burn1 :i* 7 embrocat$ ) w9e & oil1 & no?+ bad foll[$4 ,to ! #bb;d1 ! pati5t 0 bett] & worse4 ,! m5/rual p]iod did n pass )\t "s di/urbance4 ,! #bf? %e began ) ! infusion ( ! t5? scruple1 & e ?+ w5t on = ! bett] to ! end ( ! mon?4 ,f ! #a/ ( ,april to ! #f? ! ulc]s 7 firm & dry2 b ! pa9 9 ! brea/ increas$4 ,sev]al bli/]s arose on ! foot1 along ! leg1 & ev5 ^u ! ?igh1 on ! left side4 ,"o ^u ! sole ( ! left foot1 = #bd h\rs dis*>g$ an incr$ible quantity ( ?ick :iti% lymph4 ,! pa9 f ^! bli/]s 0 beyond all %e _h felt be=e4 ,x cont9u$ ! #g?1 #h?1 & #i?2 & new bli/]s arose on ! ?igh4 ,! excoriat$ p>ts 7 all dress$ ) _s ( w9e4 ,dur+ ! di/urbances f ^! new compla9ts1 ! brea/ 0 likewise pa9ful1 & swell$1 ?o' ! ulc] ne> ! nipple 0 dry1 & ! o!r dis*>g$ little or no?+4 ,! #aj? %e _h less pa9 bo? 9 h] foot & 9 h] brea/4 ,! upp] sore 0 clos$2 ! foot dis*>g$ less4 ,f ! #aa? to ! #ae?1 not)/&+ ! wea!r 0 v cold1 h] pa9 /ill less5$4 ,! ulc] rema9$ firm1 & ! :ole brea/ 0 s(t5$3 h] foot m5d$2 & all w5t on = ! bett] till ! #ah?1 :5 ! ulc] on ! upp] "p ( ! brea/ op5$ aga9 9 ?ree places1 & dis*>g$ a ?ick yell[i% matt]4 ,! nipple ( ! left brea/ also became inflam$1 & surr\nd$ ) pimples1 :i* dis*>g$ a little lymph4 ,9 ! mean "t ! canc]\s brea/ 0 m pa9ful ?an on ! prec$+ days4 ,! #ai? ! pa9 less1 ?o' cont9ual4 ,"s dis*>ge f ! foot /ill2 b ! ulc]s on ! ?igh 7 heal$1 & ano!r bli/] arose4 ,! #bj? ! upp] sore on ! brea/ clos$ aga92 b t ne> ! nipple seem$ to ?reat5 ano!r op5+1 & 9 fact x did1 on ! #bd?1 9 ?ree places4 ,on ! #bj? ! catam5ia return$ v copi\sly1 & sup]s$$ ! use ( ! p$iluvium4 ,! #be? %e began ) ! infusion ( ! f\rte5? scruple ( ! ,bella-donna1 :i*1 x is to be obs]v$1 0 sc>cely ev] omitt$4 ,! #bf? a bli/] arose at ! end ( ! =e-f+] on ! left h&1 0 v pa9ful1 & dis*>g$ a great quantity ( s]\s matt]4 ,! next day bo? ulc]s on ! brea/ dis*>g$ a small quantity ( lymph2 o!rwise ! brea/ 0 less pa9ful4 ,f ! #bh? ( ,april to ! #g? ( ,may e ?+ w5t on = ! bett]3 ! canc]\s brea/ 0 almo/ )\t pa94 ,! ulc]s ran v little1 b ! excoriation & pa9 7 mu* worse f ! nipple ( ! left brea/1 :i* also dis*>g$ a great quantity ( lymph4 ,! #h? ! upp] ulc] on ! "r brea/ clos$2 b ! o!r op5$ aga94 ,f ! #h? to ! #af? no *ange = ! worse3 on ! contr>y1 ! left brea/ 0 well2 ! "r less pa9ful1 & dis*>g$ b v little4 ,f ! #ah? to ! #bb;d ! m5/rual p]iod3 all ?+s on ! m5d+ h&2 ! ulc] heal$1 & ! pati5t _h little or no pa93 b1 f ! #bc;d to ! #bg?1 ! pa9 return$ some?+ worse1 & !re 0 "s dis*>ge f ! brea/4 ,! ,nutritum 0 n[ discont9u$1 z too emolli5t4 ,! #bg? ! infusion f ! eighte5? scruple ( ! ,bella-donna 0 begun )4 ,f ! #bh? ( ,may to ! #ab? ( ,june ! brea/ /ill pa9ful3 9 ! mean "t1 h[ev]1 ! ulc]s rema9$ firm & dry4 ,! tumor & s*irrosity ( ! brea/ dim9i%$ 9 su* a mann]1 t1 except+ its be+ a little bigg] ?an ! o!r1 x _h intirely resum$ its natural =m & col\r4 ,no indurations 9 ! left brea/1 nor ( ! gl&s 9 ! "r armpit4 ,! #ac? ( ,june %e took a j\rney1 0 abs5t "s weeks1 & return$ 9 p]fect heal?4 ,dr4 ,lamb]g5 advis$ h]1 b 9 va91 to cont9ue ! infusion4 ,nev]!less1 %e 0 oblig$ n[ & !n1 :5 %e felt pa91 to h rec\rse to x1 & 0 always reliev$ by x3 & 9 ! c\rse ( ano!r ye> ! rema9s ( ! s*irrus 7 totally wa/$4 ,x is n[ 7#aged7 eight ye>s s9ce1 & %e has _h no relapse1 no pa91 no h>dness 9 h] brea/2 has m>ri$ a second husb&1 by :om %e has _h a *ild1 :i* %e suckl$4 ,:at m c be requisite to asc]ta9 a cure8 ,?us we h giv5 a detail ( ?is memorable case2 :]e9 we see1 t six dra*ms ( "o ( ! mo/ poison\s vegetables t ! _w produces actually cur$ a woman1 :om ! mo/ able physicians _h giv5 up z incurable2 & :o mu/ o!rwise h f9i%$ h] mis]able days 9 ! mo/ deplorable suff]+s4 ,x mu/ n be omitt$1 t not)/&+ ! daily use ?is woman made ( ! ,bella-donna1 %e 0 n accu/om$ to x 9 ! mann] z p are :o take opium4 ,dr4 ,lamb]g5 always prep>$ ! infusion himself1 & nev] _h occasion to make x /rong] ?an at ! fir/1 z ! pati5t always f\nd ! l effects f ! same dose4 ,s s+ul> & happy an ev5t1 z att5d$ ,dr4 ,lamb]g5's adm9i/ration ( ?is plant1 c]ta9ly m]its ! att5tion ( ! m$ical pr(ession2 & surely1 "o may add1 entitles ! m$ic9e to future trials4 ,& z ! au!nticity ( ! case w n be disput$1 x is !re=e greatly to be wi%$1 t ^? g5tlem51 :o belong to ! public hospitals1 & o!rs t h frequ5t opportunities ( att5d+ pati5ts lab\r+ "u ?is deplorable disease1 w\ld give x a fur!r trial4 ,a canc]1 ev5 9 its lat5t1 b mu* m 9 an ulc]at$ /ate1 is all[$ly "o ( ! mo/ t]rible & =midable disord]s to :i* human nature is liable2 & ha? long be5 rang$1 v ju/ly1 among ! opprobria m$icorum1 in/ances ( a radical cure be+ r>ely met )3 inde$1 "o ( ! fir/ physicians#bg ( our age tells u1 t x is n kn[n to h be5 cur$ at all1 b by a total extirpation ( ! "p2 & all1 :o are conv]sant 9 physic & surg]y1 "k v well1 t t op]ation is frequ5tly no security aga9/ its return4 ,i h "h endeav\r$1 9 z concise a mann] z might be1 to exhibit ! hi/ory ( ?is extraord9>y plant4 ,! be+ able b>ely to "k & di/+ui% "o plant f ano!r1 h[ev] praise-wor?y 9 itself1 ought n to be ! only view ( our botanical rese>*es3 we %\ld d m1 & endeav\r to inve/igate1 9 ! mo/ att5tive mann]1 ! prop]ties ( vegetable productions1 9 ord] to accomodate !m to ! v>i\s exig5cies ( human life4 ,sev]al classes ( vegetables1 f _! m]ely h]bace\s ta/e1 &1 z f> z we c conjecture1 f _! o!r s5sible qualities1 seem to be =m$ by ! great ,au?or ( nature pr9cipally = ! n\ri%m5t ( animals3 b ^? plants1 :i* are endu$ ) pr9ciples s highly active1 z1 :5 tak5 9 small quantities1 to be able to put an end to animal life2 su* des]ve to be m m9utely inquir$ into1 z "u c]ta9 circum/ances ^! pr9ciples1 prop]ly direct$1 may conduce to great & good ends4 ,we %\ld endeav\r1 !re=e1 dilig5tly to in=m ourselves1 9 :at quantities1 & "u :at circum/ances1 ! poison ends1 & :]e ! m$ic9e beg9s4 ,9 ?is respect we h c]ta9ly a notable in/ance 9 ! hi/ory be=e u 9 ,pr(essor ,lamb]g52 ^: indu/ry1 m especially z x 0 att5d$ ) success1 m]its our greate/ ackn[legem5ts2 inasmu* z he has in=m$ u1 ) no small degree ( accuracy & precision1 t ! plant "u consid]ation1 :i* is well kn[n to be ( a highly delet]i\s nature1 & t ev5 9 a small quantity1 may be s manag$1 z to be productive ( good effects1 n to be f\nd possibly by any o!r means4 ,"s ( ! mo/ efficaci\s m$ic9es are su*1 z1 be+ posssess$ ( highly active pr9ciples1 d greatly di/urb ! animal conomy 9 _! op]ation3 nev]!less1 h[ev] r\gh ! modus op]&i ( any m$ic9e be1 if its efficacy by repeat$ trials be approv$ & confirm$1 ?is is s f> f prov+ a disc\ragem5t to its use1 t we ought to reg>d ! discov]y ( su* a "o z a valuable acquisition to ! prov9ce ( physic1 especially if x is applicable 9 desp]ate & ob/9ate cases4 ,! ,bella-donna1 on ! contr>y1 suppos+ future trials %\ld prove x z happily successful z ,pr(essor ,lamb]g5 has exp]i5c$ x1 is a m$ic9e ( a diff]5t k9d2 inasmu* z its op]ation is mild1 :5 comp>$ ) t1 :i* att5ds ! exhibition ( _m o!rs3 we %\ld !re=e h d\ble reason to rejoice at ! discov]y4 ,,xiii4 ,an ,acc\nt ( "s ( ! ,antiquities discov]$ at ,h]culaneum1 c4 ,9 a ,lett] to ,?omas ,bir*1 ,d4,d4 ,secret4 ,r4,s4 ,by ,john ,nixon1 ,a4,m4 ,f4,r4,s4 ,read ,feb4 #bd1 #ageg4 ,rev]5d ,sir1 ,,! subject ( ?is lett] are "s cursory obs]vations made by me la/ spr+1 ^u view+ ! curiosities f\nd at ,h]culaneum1 & ! places adjac5t4 ,i def]r$ putt+ !m into any ord]1 till ,i came to t[n1 & _h se51 by p]us+ ! ,transactions ( ! ,royal ,society1 :e!r "s abl] h& _h n already prev5t$ me1 & made any fur!r communication ne$less3 b z ,i n[ f9d1 t no notice has be5 hi!rto tak5 ( sev]al p>ticul>s1 :i*1 9 my humble op9ion1 des]v$ x1 z t5d+ to ?r[ new light ^u antiquity2 ,i beg leave to tr\ble y ) my ?\ghts ^u !m4 ,i %all beg9 ) ! museum 9 ! ,k+ ( ! ,two ,sicilies' palace at ,portici2 :]e91 among/ a great numb] ( o!r anci5t & valuable rema9s1 are ^! t foll[1 viz4 ,i4 ,sev]al tali lusorii4 ,! tali are suppos$ to h be5 kn[n to ! ,greeks#bh by ! "n ( z e>ly z ! ,trojan w>4 ,b z ! monum5ts be=e u are und\bt$ly ,roman1 ,i %all conf9e my rem>ks ^u !m to ! usages receiv$ among t p2 & be+ guid$ p>tly by :at appe>s ^u ! face ( ^! antiquities1 & p>tly by :at ! ,lat9 classics h deliv]$ 9 g5]al ^u ?is subject1 beg leave to obs]ve1 9 ! fir/ place1 t ! tali _h ea* ( !m b f\r sides1 two broad]1 & ! o!r two m n>r[1 on :i* !y w\ld ord9>ily re/2 z ! r\nd+ ( _! ends did n easily p]mit !m to /& ^u ^? p>ts4 ,h[ev]1 ! possibility ( su* a position 7?o' x did n occur to me to make ! exp]im5t ) ^! pieces7 may be d$uc$ f a passage 9 ,tully#bi4 ,fur!r1 ) reg>d to ! mann] ( di/+ui%+ ! sev]al sides ( ! tali1 "s le>n$#cj writ]s speak ( x accord+ to ideas tak5 f ! fa%ion ( m>k+ ! mod]n dice1 & 7,i may add7 ! anci5t tess] likewise3 b1 z ,i did n obs]ve ! traces ( any engrav+1 pa9t+1 c4 ^u ! pieces "u consid]ation1 x seems to me m probable1 :at o!rs ass]t#ca1 t ?is di/9ction 0 effect$ by ! diff]5t configuration ( ! sides !mselves1 & n by any numb]s m>k$ ^u !m4 ,& conc]n+ ?is notation1 ! common op9ion is1 t ! appe>ances express+ "o & six1 z also ^? repres5t+ ?ree & f\r1 7 oppos$ to ea* o!r respectively4 ,b leav+ ^! 7h[ev] probable7 conjectures1 we c ) c]ta9ty det]m9e ! numb] ( ! tali us$ 9 ?is game to h be5 f\r2 & likewise1 t among ! v>i\s *ances result+ f !m1 ! mo/ =tunate "o 0 t1 :]e9 ea* ( ! sides exhibit$ a diff]5t aspect4 ,! =m] ( ^! circum/ances we le>n f ,tully#cb1 z we d ! latt] f ,m>tial1 :o1 9 a di/i* s5t ) a pres5t ( a set ( tali to a fri5d1 says1 ,cum /et]it nullus vultu tibi talus eodem1 ,mun]a me dices magna d$isse tibi#cc4 ,x may fur!r be collect$ f ,horace1 t ! ?r[ above describ$ _h ! appellation ( ,v5us3 = :5 he intimates1 t ! presid5t ( ! fea/ 0 elect$ by ! tali#cd1 he mu/ be suppos$ to mean ! mo/ fav\rable *ance ^u !m4 ,b he#ce else:]e gives u to und]/&1 t ! *ance1 :i* det]m9$ t election1 0 call$ ,v5us4 ,prop]tius is some:at m explicite 9 assign+ ! title ( ?is ?r[1 z above2 & at ! same "t in=ms u fur!r1 t ! contr>y 7& consequ5tly mo/ unlucky7 "o 0 t]m$ canes4 ,me quoque p] talos ,v5]em qur5te secundos1 ,semp] damnosi subsilu]e canes#cf4 ,n[ x seems to be agre$ among ! antiqu>ies1 #cgt canis on ! tali 0 unity3 & inde$ ?is op9ion is c\nt5anc$ by ,p]sius#ch1 :o contra/s canicula ) s5io4 ,if ?is be admitt$1 !n ! canes ( ,prop]tius mu/ h be5 ! *ance1 :]e9 all 7or at lea/ ! great] numb] (7 ! tali came up 7z we %\ld express x7 aces4 ,!re h be5 sev]al o!r conjectures propos$ by le>n$ writ]s ^u ?is subject1 :i* ,i *oose to omit1 = want ( prop] au?orities f ! classics to asc]ta9 !m4 ,?is is likewise ! case ) reg>d to ! rules obs]v$ by ! anci5t ,romans at ?is div]sion4 ,x is n at all improbable1 t z we h sev]al species ( games ^u ! same set ( dice1 c>ds1 c4 s !y might h ! same v>iety on ! tali3 & if !re 7 any laws e/abli%$ by cu/om = ! regulation ( ?is game 9 public1 yet private p>ties might be at lib]ty to innovate at pleasure1 & agree ^u :atev] t]ms ( play 7 mo/ agreeable to _! incl9ations or circum/ances4 ,9 ?is light 7accord+ to #ci;,erasmus7 we are to consid] ! acc\nt1 :i* ,augu/us gives ( himself & 8 fri5ds1 9 an epi/le to ,tib]ius#dj3 ,int] cnam lusimus h]i et hodie3 talis enim jactatis1 ut quisque canem aut s5ionem mis]at1 9 s+ulos talos s+ulos d5>ios conf]ebat1 quos tollebat univ]sos1 qui ,v5]em jec]at4 ,& x is obvi\s to rem>k1 t 7^u ?is hypo!sis7 ! critics1 p]haps1 ne$ n h be5 s mu* emb>ass$ 7z we f9d !y h be57 9 endeav\r+ to reconcile ?is passage ( ,suetonius ) t o!r ( ,p]sius#da produc$ above4 ,i %all conclude ) not+1 t 9 ord] to prev5t any fraud or slight ( h& 9 manag+ ! tali1 x 0 usual to put !m into a box#db1 &1 aft] %ak+ !m toge!r1 to ?r[ !m out ^u a table4 ,?us ,m>tial introduces "o ( ^! turricul1 z recomm5d+ its own usefulness = ! purpose above-m5tion$3 ,qurit compositos manus improba mitt]e talos1 ,qui p] me mittit1 nil nisi vota facit#dc4 ,h[ev]1 ?is caution does n seem to h be5 s univ]sally obs]v$1 b t sometimes1 viz4 :5 ! p>ty consi/$ ( ladies1 x 0 7,i presume1 = a reason greatly to _! hon\r7 sup]s$$4 ,?us1 9 "o ( ! fir/ pa9t+s f\nd at ,h]culaneum1 & n[ 9 ! royal ap>tm5ts at ,portici1 we see a "y female figure exhibit$1 z play+ at ?is game1 ) "o or m ( ! tali ly+ ^u ! back "p ( h] h&1 :ile ! re/ appe> z hav+ fall5 (f f !nce t[>ds ! floor4 ,,ii4 ,a rule ) f\r jo9ts1 ea* ( :i* conta9$ ab\t #e in*es #i-t5?s ( our measure4 ,i ?9k !re 0 ano!r 9 two p>ts1 :i* answ]$ to ! same proportion4 ,,iii4 ,a weight1 inscrib$ on "o side ,,eme1 & on ! o!r ,,habebis4 ,,iv4 ,a small bolla d'oro1 :i* 7aft] t 9 ! late ,dr4 ,middleton's collection1 & ano!r pres]v$ at ,rome7 is ! ?ird kn[n to be extant 9 ,europe4 ,z ?is ornam5t 0 worn by s great a numb] ( "y p]sons at ,rome1 & made ( gold1 :i* is s capable ( resi/+ ! injuries ( ! wea!r1 moi/ure1 c4 "o _c b wond] at ! extreme sc>city ( ^! monum5ts 9 ! cab9ets ( ! curi\s4 ,! mo/ probable way ( acc\nt+ = ?is 7accord+ to #dd;,dr4 ,middleton7 is1 t ! value ( ! mat]ials1 ( :i* ^! bull 7 made1 induc$ ! poor lab\r]s1 z soon z !y _h f\nd "o1 to sell x to ! fir/ goldsmi? !y met ) = its real value 7h[ev] small x might be71 by weight4 ,v4 ,a little figure l a ,faunus1 except+ t ab\t ! head x _h some?+ ( ! "* ( ! m9otaur1 viz4 l>ge curls ^u ! =ehead1 & sev]al muscul> protub]ances1 or tori1 "u ! ?roat4 ,,vi4 ,a figure 9 relievo ( a man sitt+ ) a b[l 9 8 h&1 :i* has be5 ?\ght a ,socrates4 ,& inde$ ! features ( ! face be> a /rik+ resemblance to ^? ( t sage express$ 9 anci5t monum5ts2 z ! b[l might prop]ly ref] to ! well-kn[n circum/ance ( 8 dea?4 ,b ! o!r insignia are n s suitable to ! "* ( ! subject1 z "o c\ld wi%3 = he holds1 p>tly 9 8 h&1 & p>tly "u 8 arm1 a %ort /aff full ( knots1 & curv$ at ! end l a %eph]d's crook1 su* z we f9d borne by satyrs 9 "s ,bac*analian pieces3 & ! sk9 ( a bea/ appe>s hang+ f ! seat ( 8 *air4 ,,vii4 ,an antique pa9t+ ( a muse ) a capsula ne> h] conta9+ "s volumes1 f :i* hang labels %[+ ! titles ( ! works4 ,! same repres5tation appe>s 9 ano!r pa9t+ kept 9 a diff]5t "p ( ! palace4 ,signor ,pad]ni obs]v$ to me1 t ^! rema9s w\ld help ! curi\s to =m a m c]ta9 idea ( ! mann] 9 :i* ! anci5ts affix$ titles to _! volumes1 ?an !y h hi!rto be5 able to obta94 ,! mo/ complete description1 t ,i c recollect1 ( an anci5t book1 ) its appurt5ances & decorations1 is t ( ,m>tial address$ to "o ( 8 own4 ,fau/9i fugis 9 s9um8 ,sapi/i4 ,c$ro nunc licet ambules p]unctus1 ,et frontis gem9o dec5s honore ,pictis luxuri]is umbilicis3 ,et te purpura delicata velet1 ,et cocco rubeat sup]bus index4 ,l4 iii4 ep4 #b4 ,! sup]bus index 9 ! la/ v]se1 curi\sly illum9at$ ) sc>let1 0 und\bt$ly ! title ( ! book2 b to :at "p ( x x 0 annex$ has hi!rto be5 difficult to asc]ta93 = z 7accord+ to ! pa9t+s "u consid]ation7 x 0 inscrib$ on a deta*$ piece ( pap] or p>*m5t1 x mu/ soon h be5 lo/ f ! book2 especialty if ! latt] _h suff]$ by damps1 or any o!r injuries simil> to ^?1 t h affect$ ! volumes f\nd 9 ,h]culaneum1 ( :i* n only ! title1 b ev5 ! ends ( ! umbilici1 ?o' consi/+ ( m solid mat]ials1 z horn1 ivory1 c4 are intirely de/roy$3 s t no light c\ld be _h f ! orig9al antiquities ) relation to ?is po9t4 ,! only means1 :]eby ! connoisseurs c\ld =m any conjectures 9 ?is case1 mu/ h be51 ,i presume1 f ! fa%ion ( books among ! anci5ts1 viz4 _! be+ long scrolls roll$ r\nd ^u a /ick ) ornam5ts at ea* end1 z describ$ 9 ! epigram produc$ above4 ,?is =m requir$1 t ! books %\ld be laid at _! l5g? ^u ! %elves1 :]e !y 7 deposit$ ) ei!r _! side1 or "o ( _! ends1 appe>+ outw>dly4 ,n[ ( ^! two positions ! latt]1 :i* expos$ ! extremity ( ! umbilicus to view1 might be ?\ght 7all circum/ances duly consid]$7 ! mo/ conv5i5t4 ,to ?is "p !re=e x might ) probability be conjectur$1 t ! index or title 0 fa/5$2 b ! pa9t+s m5tion$ above pla9ly demon/rate1 t x actually 0 s4 ,mons4 ,daci] says#de1 t ! titles ( books 7 anci5tly inscrib$ ^u ! lea!rn cov]s1 :]e9 !y 7 wrapt1 & :i*1 by ! means ( ?ongs fa/5$ to !m1 kept ! volumes close & compact toge!r4 ,if t le>n$ g5tleman _h support$ ?is fact by prop] evid5ces1 !n x mu/ h be5 conclud$1 ^u ! jo9t au?ority ( su* evid5ces1 & ( ! antiquities "u consid]ation1 t ! practice ( ! anci5ts 01 besides ! title on ! sides ( ! volume1 to affix ano!r on a label at "o ( its extremities4 ,& inde$ ?is additional notation 7:atev] we det]m9e conc]n+ its usefulness1 :ile ! books lay on a %elf 9 a libr>y7 mu/ h be5 v necess>y1 :5 su* books /ood upright 9 a capsula 7l ^? 9 ! pa9t+ be=e u71 :]e no "p ( !m1 b "o end alone1 c\ld possibly be se54 ,,viii4 ,"s pieces ( f9e pap]1 col\r$ r$ on "o side1 & black on ! o!r1 f\nd ^u ! brea/ ( a skeleton4 ,signor ,pad]ni told me1 t !y _h be5 view$ ) great admiration by su* ( ! virtuosi1 z he _h %ewn !m to2 & t _! admiration proce$$ f ^? fragm5ts appe>+ n to be ( ! *>ta papyracea1 b ( t ( silk1 cotton1 or l954 ,& inde$1 if !y %\ld prove to h be5 made ( any ( ! mat]ials la/ m5tion$1 x w\ld contradict ! g5]ally receiv$ op9ion 7accord+ to #df,montfaucon71 t pap] ( silk or cotton1 d5ot$ by ! common appellation ( *>ta bombyc9a1 0 fir/ f\nd out 9 ! #i? c5tury2 z t compos$ ( l95 rags 7ex l9teolis contritis et aqu mac]atis1 z ,pancirollus#dg expresses x7 0 ab\t ! #ab?2 & t ! =m] suppli$ ! place ( ! *>ta papyracea 9 ! ea/1 z ! latt] sup]s$$ ! use ( x 9 ! we/]n p>ts ( ! _w4 ,,ix4 ,a flat piece ( :ite glass1 tak5 (f f t[>ds ! extremity ( ! %eet1 z appe>s f ! curvature & protub]ant ?ickness ( "o ( its sides above ! o!r p>ts4 ,i h sev]al obs]vations by me1 ) reg>d to ?is fragm5t1 :i* ,i h n yet _h leisure to dige/4 ,i %all !re=e proce$ to ! o!r p>ts ( ?is collection4 99 99 99 99 99 ,to ent] into a detail ( ! pa9t+s f\nd at ,h]culaneum1 & deposit$ 9 a diff]5t "p ( ! palace at ,portici1 w\ld be t$i\s1 z _! numb]1 :5 ,i saw !m1 exce$$ #hjj2 & x w\ld be sup]flu\s1 z ! pr9cipal ( !m w soon make _! appe>ance 9 ! _w by pr9ts tak5 f !m1 & execut$ 9 a mann]1 :i* 7z f> z ,i c\ld judge by ! specim5s %ewn me7 w 9 no-wise discr$it ! orig9als1 ,i %all !re=e only m5tion two ( !m1 viz4 ,i4 ,!seus ) ! ,m9otaur dead1 & ly+ on 8 back at 8 feet1 :ile sev]al ,a!nian y\?s are embrac+ ! knees1 & kiss+ ! h&1 ( _! deliv]]4 ,we may obs]ve1 t ! fabul\s be+ above-m5tion$ appe>s 9 ?is piece ) ! intire body ( a man1 & only ! head ( a bull1 :i* agrees ) ! mann]1 9 :i* he is repres5t$ 9 an antique s>donyx ( ,greek sculpture 9 ! cab9et at ,vi5na1 & 9 mo/ ( ! works ( ! anci5t arti/s4 ,?o' ,i h by me ! copy ( an antique gem1 :]e9 ! ,m9otaur is exhibit$ z /&+ 9 ! c5t] ( ! fam\s labyr9?1 & hav+ bel[ ! body ( a bull z f> z to ! wai/1 & f !nce upw>ds an human =m3 :i* repres5tation is fur!r c\nt5anc$ by ,ovid1 :o describes t mon/]1 z ,semibovemque virum1 semivirumque bovem4 ,art4 ,am4 ,l4 ii4 v4 #ab4 ,,ii4 ,*iron & ,a*illes4 ,! latt] ( ^! is /&+1 & has a plectrum 9 8 "r h&3 ! =m] seems to embrace 8 noble pupil ) 8 left arm1 & ) 8 "r h& to /rike ! lyre1 z tea*+ him to play ^u t in/rum5t4 ,b ! mo/ rem>kable circum/ance 9 ! figure ( ,*iron is 8 repos+ 8 h9d] p>ts on 8 left haun* ^u ! gr\nd4 ,yet ?is attitude1 z well z ! o!r p>ticul>s m5tion$ above1 is express$ 9 an antique gem1 ( :i* ,i h se5 a copy at ,rome4 99 99 99 99 99 ,i %all conclude ?is pap] ) an acc\nt ( ! /atues1 :i* /& 9 sev]al rooms adjo9+ to ! unf9i%$ "p ( ! palace1 & 7 f\nd 7z to ! f> great] numb]7 at or ne> ,h]culaneum4 ,9 ! ,fir/ ,room4 ,an eque/rian m>ble /atue ( ,m4 ,nonius ,balbus ! eld]1 :i* is int5d$ to be plac$ 9 a l>ge entrance on ! ea/ side ( ! palace1 to answ] to t ( 8 son1 :i* is already set up on ! o!r side1 fac+ ! bay ( ,naples4 ,9 ! ,second4 ,n]o & ,g]manicus1 consid]ably l>g] ?an ! life1 b squeez$ some:at flat by ! weight ( ! lava1 or o!r ru9s1 ) :i* !y 7 once ov]:elm$4 ,a man 9 a sacrific+ habit4 ,two o!rs 9 ! toga1 & two wom5 9 ! palla4 ,all ^! are ( bronze4 ,/atues ( m>ble deposit$ "h are ! foll[+1 viz4 ,at ! entrance1 a matron l>g] ?an nature1 ) /rong expression 9 h] face4 ,two colossal trunks 9 a sitt+ po/ure4 ,?ree /atues ( "o ( ! ,agripp9a's4 ,a ,roman matron1 or empress1 ) rema9s ( r$ pa9t+ on ! extremities ( h] palla4 ,?ree o!r matrons4 ,9 ! ,?ird ,room4 ,bac*us4 ,a muse4 ,a fragm5t ( a /atue 9 ! pallium4 ,a f9e /atua togata ) ! head veil$1 l>g] ?an ! life4 ,ano!r v rem>kable figure1 ^: face resembles 9 beauty t commonly attribut$ to ,v5us1 ?o' ! dress & o!r insignia pla9ly indicate a ,pallas3 = h] head is cov]$ ) an helmet1 bel[ :i* h] hair falls d[n long & di%evell$4 ,h] left arm is envelop$ ) h] gis1 :i* is l>ge & exp&$1 s z to =m a k9d ( mantle4 ,h] g>m5ts are ?91 & fit close to h] body 9 /rait plaits4 ,%e is 9 a po/ure ( runn+1 or /rid+1 ) h] feet at a consid]able di/ance f ea* o!r1 & h] arms ext5d$ diff]5t ways2 an attitude /rongly m>k+ ! utmo/ eag]ness & ha/e4 ,next appe>s a ,v]tumnus4 ,a f9e figure ( a philosoph]4 ,volumnia & ,veturius4 ,a lady ) a ?9 /ola4 ,a ,v5us4 ,a boy ( exquisite workman%ip4 ,a small /atua togata4 ,9 ano!r "p is a ,faun ( bronze1 recl9$1 ) 8 "r h& lift$ up1 & 8 leg ext5d$4 ,?is figure 7z we 7 in=m$7 0 f\nd accompani$ ) sev5 o!rs ( ! same metal1 :i* n[ /& 9 ano!r *amb]1 viz4 two "y m5 9 a runn+ a po/ure2 f\r females some:at resembl+ ve/als 9 _! habit1 except+ t all _! heads 7 uncov]$1 & ^? ( two ( !m 7 adorn$ ) vitt1 or filets4 ,la/ly1 a "y man ( a small size1 cloa!d1 ) 8 arms some:at ext5d$4 ,!re rema9s b "o m figure to be tak5 notice ( 9 ?is collection1 viz4 t ( ,s]apis1 ) ,c]b]us at 8 "r h&4 ,anci5t writ]s#dh enable u to acc\nt = ?is appe>ance1 by in=m+ u1 t ,s]apis 7besides 8 o!r *>act]s ( sculapius1 ,sol1 ,osiris1 & ,jupit]7 0 acc\nt$ ! same z ,dis ,pat]1 or ,pluto4 ,^u ?is hypo!sis none c d\bt ( ! propriety ( ,c]b]us's att5d+ ^u ?is deity 9 ! figure be=e u1 z well z 9 ?ree o!rs giv5 u by ,montfaucon#di4 ,if we desire to ent] into ! my/ical reason ( ?is repres5tation1 we may le>n x f ,porphyry1 viz4 t ,s]apis#ej1 be+ ! same z ,pluto1 _h dom9ion ov] ! evil dmons2 & t ^? be+s 7 figur$ by a dog ) ?ree heads2 mean+ ! dmon subsi/+ 9 ! ?ree elem5ts ( wat]1 e>?1 & air4 ,give me leave to add fur!r1 t ,i f9d1 by my j\rnal1 t ^u view+ ?is figure1 ,i took notice ( a dissimilitude 9 ! heads ( x3 b z x did n !n occur to me1 t !y 7 ev] express$ 9 any o!r =m ?an ! can9e1 ,i did n exam9e m9utely into ! diff]5ce3 b1 ^u recollection1 ,i am n[ incl9$ to ?9k1 t t mon/] might h ! heads ( ?ree sev]al animals 9 ?is piece1 z he has 9 ano!r1 giv5 u by #ea,montfaucon3 :i* mode ( exhibit+ him 0 7accord+ to t le>n$#eb antiqu>y7 inv5t$ by ! ,egyptians2 a circum/ance n to be wond]$ at 9 a p1 ^: imag9ation teem$ s pl5tifully ) mon/r\s ideas ( all k9ds1 z !irs is kn[n to h done4 ,to ! same orig9al we may ref] ! s]p5t twi/+ r\nd ,c]b]us 9 ?is monum5t2 z we see two ( ! same species encircl+ 8 heads & body 9 t m5tion$ above#ec4 ,z ,i "k no p>ticul> relation1 t ! s]p5t be>s to ,s]apis1 consid]$ z ,pluto1 ,i c reg>d x "h only z a sacr$ symbol 9 ! !ology ( ! anci5t ,egyptians2 &1 z su*1 prop]ly attribut$ to an att5dant ( "o ( _! *ief div9ities4 ,i %all tr\ble y b ) "o m obs]vation ^u ?is article1 viz4 t 7if ,i may tru/ my memory = a p>ticul> omitt$ 9 my notes7 ?is is ! /atue1 :i* be+ ! pr9cipal "o f\nd 9 an anci5t magnific5t build+ discov]$ ab\t sev5 ye>s ago at #ed,pozzuoli 79 conjunction ) o!r circum/ances7 occasion$ x to be call$ ,! ,temple ( ,s]apis4 ,z ?is place seem$ greatly to m]it ! att5tion ( ! curi\s 9 antiquity1 we procur$ a plan ( x1 drawn by a native1 :o has free access to x & 7if ,i ?\ght x w\ld be acceptable to t le>n$ ,society1 ( :i* ,i h ! hon\r to be a memb]7 ! said plan %\ld wait ^u !m1 accompani$ ) "s obs]vations ^u x by1 ,,sir1 ,y\r mo/ ob$i5t1 humble ,s]vant ,john ,nixon4 ,london4 ,feb4 #bd4 #ageg4 ,p4,s4 ,a long room is design$ to be fitt$ up 9 ! ,k+'s palace at ,portici1 = ! reception ( all ! antiquities f\nd at ,h]culaneum1 c4 ,?is ap>tm5t w be light$ by ?irte5 w9d[s on ! side t[>ds ! ,cortile1 & adorn$ ) =ty columns1 p>tly ( v]de antique1 p>tly ( alaba/] ) br[ni% ve9s1 & o!r beautiful m>bles1 f\nd 9 div]s p>ts ( ! ,k+'s dom9ions4 ,betwe5 e two ( ^! columns w be plac$ a gr\p1 /atue1 or bu/4 ,! comp>tm5ts 9 ! walls w conta9 ! anci5t pa9t+s4 ,! o!r curiosities are to be deposit$ 9 cases made = t purpose2 & ! pavem5t w consi/ intirely ( ! f9e/ pieces ( ,mosaic "w1 t h be5 f\nd 9 ,h]culaneum1 or any places )9 ! ,neapolitan /ate4 ,,xiv4 ,an ,acc\nt ( ! ,effects ( a ,/orm ( ,?und] & ,lightn+1 9 ! ,p>i%es ( ,looe & ,lanrea?1 9 ! ,c\nty ( ,cornwall1 on ! #bg? ,day ( ,june1 #agef4 ,communicat$ to ! ,rev4 ,j]emiah ,milles1 ,d4,d4 ,f4,r4,s4 9 two ,lett]s1 "o f ! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,dy]1 ,m9i/] ( ,looe1 & ! o!r f ! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,milles1 ,vic> ( ,duloe1 9 ,cornwall4 ,read ,feb4 #bd1 #ageg4 ,,on ,sunday ! #bg? ( ,june la/ x grew on a sudd5 z d>k z a w9t] ev5+3 soon aft]1 ! lightn+ began to fla%1 & ! ?und] to ro>4 ,! claps 7 ne>1 & extremely l\d2 & ! lightn+ 0 m l d>t+ flames ( fire1 ?an flames ( enk9dl$ vap\r4 ,happily no damage 0 done to ! t[n ( ,looe1 :i* lies v l[2 b at ,bucklawr51 a village situat$ on ! top ( a hill1 ab\t two miles f h5ce1 a f>m-h\se 0 %att]$ 9 a mo/ surpris+ mann]4 ,! h\se fronts ! s\?4 ,! w9d[s ( ! hall & p>l\r1 & ( ! *amb]s ov] !m1 :i* are 9 ! front ( ! h\se1 are sa%$4 ,! dairy w9d[ is ! only "o on ! we/ side ( ! h\se4 ,! *imnies are on ! nor? side2 & at ! s\?-we/ corn] !re is a r[ ( old elms on a l9e ) ! front1 ! ne>e/ ( :i* is t5 feet di/ant f ! h\se4 ,! lightn+ seems to h _h a direction f ! s\?-we/ to ! nor?-ea/4 ,x fir/ /ruck ! bevill$ ro( ( ! s\?-we/ corn]1 ne> ! eaves ( ! h\se2 made a l>ge brea*1 & tore up ! floor ( ! g>ret1 ne> ! place :]e x ent]$1 & desc5d$ by ! we/ wall1 9 oblique l9es1 into ! *amb] ov] ! p>l\r2 b n hav+ suffici5t v5t t way1 x d>t$ 9 a l9e f ,s4,w4 to ,n4,e4 aga9/ ! nor? wall ( ! g>ret1 :]e meet+ ) resi/ance1 x broke d[n ! floor ne> ! nor? wall _m feet wide1 & c>ry+ ! ceil+ ( ! p>l\r-*amb] be=e x1 ran d[n by ! wall ( t room 9 direct l9es4 ,:]e x desc5d$ on ! we/ & nor? walls x made l>ge & deep furr[s 9 ! plai/]1 & ev5 tore out ! /ones & mort>4 ,a l>ge spl9t] 0 /ruck (f f ! b$-po/ contigu\s to ! nor? wall1 & ! b$ 0 set on fire4 ,! *imney-piece 0 brok5 into _m p>ts2 ! w9d[-frame 0 mov$ out ( ! wall1 e pane ( glass 0 brok51 ! "u sa% 0 torn 9 pieces1 & a l>ge piece ( ! *imney-bo>d 0 ?r[n out ( ! w9d[ aga9/ an opposite g>d5 wall1 ab\t #bj feet f ! h\se4 ,z ! lightn+ %ot ?ro' ! w9d[1 x f\nd a small cavity betwe5 ! wall & ! slat+ ) :i* ! wall is cov]$1 :]e x bur/ (f ! slates z f> z x cont9u$ 9 a direct l9e d[nw>d1 & ?rew !m at a great di/ance f ! h\se4 ,not)/&+ ?is dreadful havock1 ! =ce ( ! lightn+ 0 n sp5t2 ! w9d[ gave x n a suffici5t dis*>ge4 ,f ! *amb] ov] ! p>l\r1 x desc5d$ by ! nor? wall to ! room "u x1 :i* is wa9scott$1 tore (f ! cornice ! :ole bread? ( ! room1 & "s m\ld+s f ! wa9scot2 broke ! glasses & ,delft w>e 9 ! beauffet2 %iv]$ ! %elves ( a bottle-room2 &1 ripp+ (f a small /ock-lock f ! door1 bur/ x op51 & made its way *iefly ?ro' ! w9d[1 ! frame ( :i* 0 mov$ f ! wall1 & ! glass %att]$ to pieces4 ,ne> ! bottle-room !re 0 a hole /ruck 9 ! p>tition-wa9scott+1 :i* divides ! p>l\r f ! hall1 ab\t eight in*es long & an in* broad3 ?r\gh ?is crevice ! lightn+ ent]$ ! hall1 :i* s]ves at pres5t = a kit*51 & meet+ ) "s pewt] 9 its way1 x flung x f ! %elf ab\t ! room2 ?rew d[n a l>ge iron b>1 t /ood 9 a corn] & :i* seem$ to h a trembl+ & desultory motion2 c>ri$ ! tongs into ! *imney1 & ?rew a tea-kettle1 t /ood !re1 into ! middle ( ! floor2 mov$ a l>ge brass pot out ( its place1 :i* 0 "u a table2 & !n d>t$ ?ro' ! w9d[s1 c>ry+ away a pane ( glass intire out ( ! upp] sa% to ! di/ance ( _m feet4 ,! mi/ress ( ! h\se & h] son 7 sitt+ at ?is w9d[4 ,!y 7 ! only p]sons 9 ! h\se1 & provid5tially receiv$ no hurt4 ,"s "p ( ! lightn+ f\nd a way betwe5 ! door & door-case ( ! hall4 ,! door is pannell$3 & ! lightn+1 9 pass+ ?ro'1 p5etrat$ into a close mortise1 & split (f a l>ge spl9t] f ! outside ( ! door1 close to ! t5on4 ,9 its c\rse x left a smoaky t+e on ! wall & timb]1 l t ( fir$ gunp[d]4 ,a sulphure\s smell rema9$ 9 ! h\se _m h\rs4 ,ano!r 7or probably a "p ( ! same7 fla% ( lightn+ /ruck ! dairy w9d[1 melt$ ! lead1 & burnt ! glass :]e x p5etrat$1 & set ! w9d[-frame on fire4 ,f !nce x d>t$ 9 a l9e f ,s4,w4 to ,n4,e4 d[nw>d1 made a l>ge hole 9 a plai/]$ p>tition ne> ! floor into ! b>n1 %att]$ a l>ge pav+ rag-/one 9 pieces1 & te>+ up ! gr\nd1 ,i suppose1 sunk into ! e>?4 ,! elms 7 affect$ ) ! lightn+1 p>ticul>ly t ne>e/ ! h\se1 f ! top ( :i* to ! root appe>$ l>ge furr[s 9 ! moss1 :i* grew on ! b>k1 9 "s places 9 an irregul> spiral1 b = ! mo/ "p 9 a p]p5dicul> l9e2 & f ! root ( x ! gr\nd 0 torn up 9 furr[s1 z if done ) a pl\gh-%>e1 ab\t six feet long1 ! furr[s gradually less5+ accord+ to _! di/ance f ! tree4 ,all ?is 0 done in/antane\sly4 ,h[ amaz+ly swift1 subtle1 & p[]ful is ! =ce ( lightn+6 ,i am1 ,rev]5d ,sir1 ,y\r mo/ ob$i5t ,s]vant1 ,james ,dy]4 ,a ,lett] f ! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,milles on ! same ,subject4 ,,ab\t f\r ( ! clock on ,sunday aft]noon1 ! same day t ! lightn+ /ruck ! f>m-h\se at ,bucklawr51 x fell ^u ano!r h\se call$ ,pelyne1 9 ! p>i% ( ,lanrea?1 ab\t six miles di/ant4 ,! h\se fronts ! ea/4 ,! *imney1 :i* is at ! nor? end1 is crack$1 & op5$ ab\t two or ?ree in*es wide1 f ! top to ! ro(1 :]e x ent]$ ! slat+ ?ro' a small hole on ! ea/]n side2 =c$ its way ?ro' ! upp] *amb]1 :]e x melt$ an old copp] skillet1 a pair ( %eep%e>s1 & "s odd brass buckles & c&le/icks t lay on ! wall2 consum$ ! la?s adjo9+1 & !n made its way ?ro' a small crevice 9 ! upp] "p ( ! w9d[4 ,ano!r & m sev]e "p ( ! same lightn+ desc5d$ ! *imney2 /ruck two wom5 d[n :o 7 sitt+ on ea* side ( x1 )\t any fur!r hurt2 ov]turn$ a long table1 t 0 plac$ be=e ! w9d[ 9 ! gr\nd room1 ^u two m51 :o 7 sitt+ on ! inside1 ) _! backs t[>ds ! w9d[4 ,"o ( ^! m5 0 mis]ably burnt 9 8 "r arm4 ,! lightn+ seems to h /ruck him a little above ! elb[1 mak+ a small orifice ab\t ! bigness ( a pea2 ! burn f !nce to ! %\ld] is ne> an in* deep4 ,8 "r ?igh 0 likewise burnt on ! inside1 & ! outside ( 8 "r leg1 f a little bel[ ! knee1 q ov] ! ancle to 8 toes4 ,bo? knees 7 burnt across slightly1 & 8 left ?igh4 ,8 %irt-sleeve1 & ! upp] "p ( 8 wai/coat1 7 r$uc$ to t9d]3 ! buckles 9 8 %oes 7 melt$ 9 diff]5t p>ts1 & 9 diff]5t directions4 ,he has n be5 able to use 8 arm s9ce2 & is "u ! c>e ( a surgeon1 :o has r$uc$ ! w\nd to a h&'s bread?1 :i* 0 9 ! beg9n+ advanc+ fa/ t[>ds a mortification4 ,! o!r man 0 b slightly w\nd$4 ,! lightn+ aft]w>ds f\nd its way ?ro' ! w9d[ 9 ?ree diff]5t places2 melt$ ! glass1 leav+ a smutty t+e1 l t ( fir$ gunp[d]4 ,a boy1 ab\t t5 ye>s old1 son to ! "u-t5ant1 0 also /ruck d[n1 z he 0 /&+ at ! door1 b n hurt4 ,! fa!r & 8 daught] felt no ill effects2 b saw ! lightn+ roll on ! floor1 & ?\ght ! room 0 on fire4 ,,xv4 ,an ,acc\nt ( ! ,peat-pit ne> ,newbury 9 ,b]k%ire2 9 an ,extract ( a ,lett] f ,john ,collet1 ,m4,d4 to ! ,"r ,rev]5d ,ri*>d ,"l ,bi%op ( ,ossory1 ,f4,r4,s4 ,read ,feb4 #bd1 #ageg4 ,newbury1 ,decemb4 #b1 #agef4 ,my ,"l1 ,,n[ ,i am m5tion+ ! peat1 ,i beg leave to assure y\r ,lord%ip1 t ?o' "s p]sons h ass]t$1 t aft] ! peat has be5 cut out1 x gr[s aga9 aft] "s ye>s2 yet ?is is n true ( ! peat f\nd "h1 none ( ! peat-pits1 :i* 7 =m]ly dug out1 & h lately be5 op5$ aga91 af=d+ ! lea/ reason to ju/ify su* an op9ion2 b1 on ! contr>y1 ! m>ks ( ! long spade 7) :i* !y cut out ! peat7 are /ill pla9ly visible all along ! sides ( ! pits1 q d[n to ! bottom2 & are n[ z fre% z if made b ye/]day1 ?o' cut above fifty ye>s ago3 :i* %ews also1 t our peat is ( too firm a texture to be press$ toge!r1 & to give way1 s z to fill aga9 ! empty pits3 :i* p]haps may be ! case 9 "s ( ! mosses1 :]e ! pits are f\nd aft] "s ye>s to be fill$ up aga94 ,! t[n ( ,newbury lies nor? & s\?1 9 ! %ape ( a ,y1 cross a valley2 :i* valley runs ea/ & we/1 & is "h ab\t a mile broad1 ! riv] ,k5net runn+ along ! middle ( x4 ,! peat is f\nd 9 ! middle ( ?is valley1 on ea* side ( ! riv]1 ext5d+ 9 all f betwe5 a qu>t] ( a mile to ab\t half a mile 9 bread? & 9 l5g?1 along ! valley1 ab\t n9e miles we/w>d1 & ab\t sev5 ea/w>d2 & ,i believe mu* fur!r ?o' n yet discov]$1 & p]haps ) "s int]missions4 ,! gr\nd x is f\nd 9 is mead[ l&2 & consi/s *iefly ( a :iti% k9d ( e>?3 "u ?is lies :at !y call clob1 be+ a peat-e>?1 comp\nd$ ( clay1 ( a small quantity ( e>?1 & "s true peat3 x is f f\r to eighte5 in*es ?ick2 & :]e ! e>? above x is b ?91 x is sometimes full ( ! roots ( plants1 t gr[ on ! surface ( ! gr\nd3 & if ! mead[ also be moori%1 ! s$ge & flags w %oot _! roots q ?ro' x into ! true peat1 :i* lies directly "u ?is clob4 ,! top ( ! true peat is f\nd at v>i\s dep?s1 f "o foot to eight feet bel[ ! surface ( ! gr\nd2 & ! dep? or ?ickness ( ?is peat is also v diff]5t1 f "o foot to eight or n9e feet1 ! gr\nd bel[ x be+ v unev51 & g5]ally a gravel4 ,my fri5d ,mr4 ,osgood has dug two feet into ?is gravel1 to see if any peat lay bel[ x1 b c\ld n f9d any4 ,! true/ & be/ peat has v little 7if any7 e>? 9 x2 b is a composition ( wood1 bran*es1 twigs1 leaves1 & roots ( trees1 ) grass1 /raw1 plants1 & we$s2 & ly+ cont9ually 9 wat] makes x s(t & easy to be cut ?ro' ) a %>p peat-spade4 ,! col\r is ( a blacki% br[n2 & if x be *ew$ betwe5 ! tee? x is s(t1 & has no gritty matt] 9 x1 :i* ! clob has4 ,x is inde$ ( a diff]5t consi/5ce 9 diff]5t places1 "s be+ s(t]1 & "s firm] & h>d]2 :i* may p]haps arise f ! diff]5t sorts ( trees x is compos$ (4 ,to get at ! peat1 !y fir/ dig up ! surface ( ! gr\nd till !y come to ! clob1 ?r[+ ! e>? into ! empty pits1 f :i* !y h already cut out ! peat3 !y !n dig up ! clob1 & ei!r sell x to ! poor = fir+1 or lay x 9 heaps1 to burn to a%es1 to be sold to ! f>m]s4 ,!n !y cut out ! true peat1 ) a peculi> k9d ( spade1 9 long pieces1 vulg>ly call$ long squ>es1 ab\t ?ree in*es & a half broad e way1 & f\r feet long1 if ! ?ickness ( ! peat w all[ t l5g?3 & z !y cut x out 9 long pieces1 !y lay !m 9 a regul> ord] c>efully1 9 r[s ^u ! gr\nd1 to be dri$ by ! sun & w9d4 ,if ! peat be ?ick1 :5 !y h cut "o l5g? ( ! spade = "s di/ance1 !y return aga91 & cut d[n ano!r l5g? ( x 7or f\r feet71 & s on1 till !y rea* ! gravelly bottom1 if !y c suffici5tly dra9 x ( ! wat]1 :i* cont9ually comes 91 ?o' prop] p]sons are employ$ to pump out z mu* ( ! wat] z !y c all ! "t4 ,z ! peat dries1 & is turn$ by p]sons appo9t$ = t purpose1 to dry x ! bett]1 x breaks into small] l5g?s1 & !n x s]ves n only ! poor2 b _m o!r p]sons1 = fir+1 & gives a good heat4 ,x is sold = ab\t t5 %ill+s a waggon-load1 deliv]$ at _! h\ses 9 ! t[n4 ,! a%es also prove v good manure = bo? grass & arable l&2 & ! f>m]s give f f\r p5ce to six p5ce a bu%el = !m1 :i* r5d]s ?is fir+ v *eap4 ,great numb]s ( trees are pla9ly visible 9 ! true peat1 ly+ irregul>ly "o ^u ano!r2 & sometimes ev5 c>t-loads ( !m h be5 tak5 out1 & dri$ = fir+3 b ! ne>] ^! trees lie to ! surface ( ! gr\nd1 ! less s\nd is ! wood3 & sometimes ! small twigs1 :i* lie at ! bottom1 are s firm1 z n to be easily cut ?ro' ) ! usual peat-spade4 ,^! trees are g5]ally oaks1 ald]s1 will[s1 & firs1 besides "s o!rs n easily to be kn[n4 ,! small roots are g5]ally p]i%$2 b yet h suffici5t signs to %ew1 t ! trees 7 torn up by ! roots1 & 7 n cut d[n1 !re be+ no sign ( ! ax or saw2 :i*1 _h !y be5 fell$1 w\ld h be5 pla9ly visible4 ,no acorns are f\nd 9 ! peat1 ?o' _m cones ( ! fir-tree are1 & also a great numb] ( nut-%ells4 ,!y are all ( a d>ki% col\r2 & ! nuts are holl[ )91 & "s ( !m h a hole at ! broad end4 ,a great _m horns1 heads1 & bones ( sev]al k9ds ( de]1 ! horns ( ! antelope1 ! heads & tusks ( bo>s1 ! heads ( beav]s1 c4 are also f\nd 9 x3 & ,i h be5 told1 t "s human bones h be5 f\nd2 b ,i nev] saw any ( ^! myself1 ?o' ,i h ( all ! o!rs4 ,b ,i am assur$1 t all ^! ?+s are g5]ally f\nd at ! bottom ( ! peat1 or v ne> x4 ,& inde$1 x is always v prop] to be well & fai?fully in=m$ ( ! exact dep? & place1 :]e any ?+ ( ^! k9ds is f\nd2 :e!r x is 9 ! e>? above ! peat1 or 9 ! clob2 or 9 ! true peat1 or at ! bottom ( x2 :i* w greatly assi/ u 9 =m+ a j judgm5t ( ! real antiquity ( ! ?+s t are f\nd1 or at lea/ ( ! "t !y h la9 !re4 ,besides ?is1 z !y =m]ly us$ to cut out ! peat 9 l>ge plots "h & !re1 leav+ spaces full ( peat betwe5 ^? pits 7:]eas n[ !y draw (f ! greate/ "p ( ! wat] by pumps1 & s cle> out all ! peat regul>ly z !y g on72 s x mu/ be c>efully obs]v$1 :e!r :atsoev] is f\nd "h be dug out ( ^! old peat-pits1 or n2 = axes1 & o!r ?+s1 may h be5 =m]ly dropt into ^! pits1 be=e !y 7 fill$ up aga9 ) e>?1 & may n[ be dug out ( !m aga94 ,my fa!r has n[ 9 8 possession an iron hat*et1 n greatly diff]+ f ! mod]n =m1 :i* 0 f\nd ly+ flat at ! v bottom ( ! peat3 x 0 cov]$ ) a ru/ ne> half an in* ?ick1 & ! h&le 0 to x1 :i* seem$ to be ( bee*-wood1 b 0 s s(t1 t x broke 9 br++ x up3 b z ! p]son is dead1 :o f\nd x1 ,i c't say :e!r x lay 9 an old peat-pit1 or no4 ,mr4 ,osgood f\nd1 "s ye>s ago1 an urn1 ( a light br[n col\r1 & l>ge en\gh to hold above a gallon1 9 ! true peat ab\t eight or t5 feet f ! riv]1 ne> a mile & a half we/ ( ?is t[n1 9 ,spe5-moor4 ,x lay ab\t f\r feet bel[ ! level ( ! gr\nd1 & ab\t "o foot )9 ! peat2 & ov] x 0 rais$ an artificial hill1 ab\t eight feet high] ?an ! neighb\r+ gr\nd2 & z ! :ole hill consi/$ ( bo? peat & mead[-gr\nd int]mix$ toge!r1 x pla9ly appe>$1 t ! peat 0 old] ?an ! urn2 & t ! p]sons1 :o rais$ ! hill1 mu/ fir/ h dug a l>ge hole 9 ! peat1 to bury ! urn !re1 & s =m$ ! hill ( ! peat & mead[-gr\nd mix$ toge!r4 ,r\nd ! hill1 :]e ! urn lay1 !y _h made also _m half-circul> ridges1 ) tr5*es betwe5 !m1 "o beyond ano!r1 9 ?is mann]3 ,illu/ration ,:]e a is ! riv]1 & c ! hill2 & ! half circles %ew "s ( ! ridges1 ! numb] ( :i* ,mr4 ,osgood has n[ =got4 ,! urn 0 broke by ! peat-spade1 & x came up only 9 small pieces1 s t no?+ 0 f\nd 9 x2 & no body happ5$ to be !re at t "t b ! peat-cutt]s4 ,no co9s ( any sort h be5 f\nd 9 ! peat4 ,b !re may1 p]haps1 be a v>iety ( ?+s at ! bottom ( x3 b z ! peat is always full ( wat]1 :i* is nev] q dra9$ (f1 s x is n an easy matt] to exam9e ! bottom4 ,i beg leave to assure y1 my ,"l1 t ,i am1 ) great respect & e/eem1 ,y\r ,lord%ip's mo/ oblig$1 & ob$i5t humble ,s]vant1 ,john ,collet4 ,,xvi4 ,an ,acc\nt ( ! ,alt]ations mak+ 9 ! ,pan!on at ,rome3 ,9 an ,extract ( a ,lett] f ,rome to ,?omas ,hollis1 ,esq2 ,communicat$ by ,john ,w>d1 ,,ll4,d4 ,r4,s4 ,vice-,prs4 ,read ,m>4 #c1 #ageg4 ,a ,project 0 lately laid be=e ! gov]nm5t by ,paolo ,posi1 an ar*itect1 = mod]niz+ ! inside ( ! ,pan!on1 & un=tunately approv$4 ,9 consequ5ce ( :i*1 ! dome has be5 already clean$1 & r\gh ca/2 & ! rema9d] ( ! lead tak5 away1 :i* s]v$ z a l9+ to ! silv] "w1 t orig9ally cov]$ x4 ,! ve/iges ( ! cornices1 & o!r ornam5ts ( ! silv] "w1 7 /ill disc]nible 9 ! lead1 :i* 0 fa/5$ by v l>ge iron nails4 ,all ?is 0 effect$ by a moveable scaffold1 t 0 fix$ to ! bronze cornice ( ! op5 circle above1 :]eby ! temple is illum9at$1 & desc5d$ to ! cornice ( ! ,attic ord]1 be+ z curi\s 9 ! contrivance1 z dete/able = ! purposes int5d$ by x4 ,x is true1 we c\ld n be=e see ! dome 9 its pri/9e glory2 b we _h ! satisfaction ( view+ ! traces & rema9s ( :at x _h be54 ,nor c\ld ! adepts 9 ar*itecture suffici5tly admire ! skill & sagacity ( ! build]1 :o1 compos+ x ( a numb] ( small ar*es1 :i* toge!r =m$ a k9d ( net-"w1 & fill+ up ! int]vals betwe5 ) pumice-/ones & mort>1 gave x t /r5g? & lightness1 :]eby x has probably /ood s _m ages4 ,! evil w\ld be comp>atively small1 _h ! project ext5d$ no f>!r1 ?an :at has be5 relat$2 b !y are n[ busy 9 remov+ ! ,attic ord]1 to make room = a new inv5tion1 suitable to ! trifl+ ta/e1 :i* at ?is day prevails4 ,& n cont5t ) t1 !y ?9k ( tak+ away ! anci5t pavem5t2 &1 :at is /ill worse1 its peculi> beauty1 ! op5 circle at ! top1 to place a lan?orn in/ead ( x1 z is usual 9 mod]n cupola's4 ,y _h ! good =tune1 ,sir1 to view ?is rem>kable temple1 9 t /ate1 :]e9 x 0 left by ! anci5t b>b>ians3 b ^?1 :o see x h]eaft]1 w f9d x 9 a mu* m deplorable condition1 /ripp$ ( its preci\s m>bles & ornam5ts2 & s disguis$ by mod]n alt]ations1 t ! noble =m giv5 x by ,agrippa w be no long] di/+ui%able4 ,x is said ,il ,signor ,j4,b4 ,piranesi1 ! ar*itect1 :o publi%$ ! antiquities ( ,rome1 & div]s +5i\s works ( t k9d1 has tak5 accurate plans ( ! ,attic ord]1 & e o!r p>ticul> relat+ to x4 ,^! he proposes to engrave & publi%1 ) exact explanations annex$ to !m2 toge!r ) a plan ( ! :ole1 z he believes x appe>$ 9 its orig9al spl5dor & p]fection2 t po/]ity may n be depriv$ ( in=mations1 :i* are ( s great b5efit & importance to all lov]s ( ar*itecture4 ,x is also said1 t ! eng9e] c>p5t]1 :o inv5t$ ! scaffold+1 has made an exact model ( x = him2 :i* he int5ds to publi% z a "p ( ! "w be=e-m5tion$4 ,,xvii4 ,an ,acc\nt ( a new m$ic9al ,well1 lately discov]$ ne> ,m(fat1 9 ,ann&ale1 9 ! ,c\nty ( ,dumfries4 ,by ,mr4 ,john ,walk]1 ( ,borgue-,h\se1 ne> ,kirkudbright1 9 ,scotl&4 ,read ,feb4 #aj1 ,m>4 #c1 #ageg4 ,,?is m9]al spr+ 0 f\nd out by "o ,mr ,williamson1 a few ye>s ago1 :5 he 0 ov]see+ a m9e1 :i* 0 at t "t c>ry+ on 9 its neighb\rhood4 ,x is situate ab\t f\r miles di/ant f ,m(fat1 9 ! bottom ( a deep sc>1 :i* is on ! we/ side ( a l>ge m\nta9 call$ ,h>tfell1 f :i* x has acquir$ ! "n ( ,h>tfell-spaw4 ,?is sc> is a "p ( ! m\nta91 ?ro' :i* a small /ream ( wat] has worn its way to a consid]able dep?2 by :i* x has laid op51 & expos$ to view1 ! /rata ( ! e>? on ea* side3 & 9 ! bottom ( ?is sc>1 & ne> to ! br9k ( ?is small brook1 ! m9]al wat] spr+s up4 ,:5 ,i saw x1 x consi/$ ( two spr+s1 :i* 7 v well ord]$ by ,mr4 ,williamson1 s z to run f two wood5 sp\ts1 imm$iately at _! rise out ( ! e>?2 :i* inde$ mu/ be ( v great advantage to all m9]al wat]s2 & ,i am p]suad$ !re are _m1 ^: m$ical qualities are greatly impair$ by fall+ into res]voirs1 & cont9u+ 9 !m = "s "t aft] !y spr+ f ! e>?4 ,! "o ( ^! spr+s 0 situate ab\t t5 or twelve y>ds f>!r up ! brook ?an ! o!r2 & !y 7 !n di/+ui%$ by ! names ( ! upp] & l[] spr+3 b ,i h be5 s9ce in=m$1 t _! situation is n[ alt]$4 ,ea* ( ^! spr+s did at t "t run ne>ly ! same quantity ( wat]1 :i*1 z ,i ?\ght1 0 above an ,engli% qu>t 9 a m9ute1 & t dur+ a season ( v dry wea!r4 ,z !re are _m in/ances ( m9]al wat]s spr++ out ( ! e>? v ne> ea* o!r1 :i* at ! same "t are impregnat$ ) v diff]5t pr9ciples2 x !re=e seem$ n at all improbable1 t z ^! wat]s did appe> to run1 = "s "p ( _! c\rse1 9 diff]5t *annels1 !y might 9 "s respects be diff]5t f ea* o!r4 ,& ?is suspicion ,i f\nd n to be altoge!r gr\ndless ) reg>d to ^! spr+s1 z w be %ewn aft]w>ds4 ,= :i* reason x may be obs]v$1 t ! foll[+ trials 7 all made ^u ! wat] ( ! upp] f\nta91 except :]e ! o!r is p>ticul>ly m5tion$2 & also t !y 7 made )9 #bd h\rs aft] ! wat] 0 tak5 f ! spr+1 be+ c>ri$ to ,m(fat 9 bottles c>efully seal$4 ,accord+ to :at may be inf]r$ f ! foll[+ exp]im5ts1 x may be premis$1 t ?is wat] appe>s to conta9 9 x a l>ge proportion ( iron1 b 9 two diff]5t =ms2 & an alum9\s salt1 :i* is conjo9$ ) a t]re/rial pr9ciple4 ,z ! cont5ts ( sev]al m9]al wat]s h be5 ! cause ( _m diff]5t op9ions1 & ( great disputes among physicians & *ymi/s2 z ! inquiry ,i made into ! pr9ciples ( ^! wat]s1 :i* ,i am n[ consid]+1 0 n p]=m$ ) t nicety & exactness ,i c\ld h wi%$2 & z ,i am p]suad$1 t to dogmatize 9 any bran* ( philosophy c nev] t5d to its advancem5t2 ,i %all n !re=e pret5d to det]m9e ) c]ta9ty 9 any "p ( ?is subject1 :]e ! contr>y op9ion c be admitt$ ) ! lea/ degree ( probability4 ,^! trials are inde$ b few & imp]fect1 & are no-way suffici5t to =m an exact acc\nt ( ?is m9]al wat]2 yet ,i believe !y may af=d "s conclusions1 :i* may be s]viceable 9 compil+ a m compleat hi/ory ( x4 ,!y r5d] x pretty evid5t1 t ! above-m5tion$ pr9ciples are conta9$ 9 ^! wat]s3 & ?o' ,i w n pret5d absolutely to exclude all o!rs1 yet ,i mu/ say1 t1 by :at inquiry ,i made1 ,i c\ld n obs]ve !m to be 9 ! lea/ impregnat$ ) any o!r k9d ( m9]al sub/ance4 ,aft] a good deal ( obs]vation ^u ! wat] ( ?is ,spaw2 & aft] _m fruitless attempts1 :i* ,i h at diff]5t times made ^u sev]al o!r wat]s ( ! *alybeat k9d 9 ,scotl&1 9 que/ ( ! volatile _s1 :i* has be5 commonly attribut$ to !m2 ,i mu/ own1 t ,i h be5 induc$ to ?9k1 t !re is no su* ?+ exi/s 9 ^! wat]s at all4 ,:at has be5 g5]ally call$ ! _s ( /eel wat]s1 seems to me to be v un9telligible2 al?o' ! exi/5ce ( x 9 ^! wat]s has be5 ass]t$ by all ! writ]s on ?is subject1 :i* ,i h yet _h occasion to see4 ,! _s ( a mix$ body is commonly tak5 to be a subtile1 p5etrat+1 light1 & volatile sub/ance1 m susceptible ( motion ?an any o!r ( its p>ts1 & mo/ easily sep>able f !m by avolation4 ,b t any *alybeat wat] conta9s su* a sub/ance1 ,i ?9k has nev] be5 made evid5t1 unless :]e ! wat] has be5 f\nd to be impregnat$ ) "s o!r m9]al pr9ciples4 ,"s /eel wat]s1 ,i believe1 conta9 a l>ge proportion ( air1 ^: ela/icity may occasion x to break =? ) an explosive =ce2 "s o!rs !re are1 :i* conta9 a volatile & sulphure\s halitus2 & to "o or o!r ( ^! two causes1 or to "s o!r m9]al pr9ciple1 ,i ?9k mo/ ( ! phnom5a may be ref]r$1 :i* h be5 attribut$ to a f]rug9e\s or vitriolic volatile _s4 ,z ! fir/ ?+ obs]vable 9 a m9]al wat] is its outw>d =m1 we mu/ !re=e take notice1 t ! wat] ( ?is ,spaw equals ! cle>e/ spr+-wat] 9 transp>5cy2 & is likewise z free ( any col\r or od\r3 yet its ta/e is v /rong1 & may be disc]n$ to be comp\nd$ ( a sweet1 subacid1 & a/r+5t ta/e4 ,its sweetness & acidity appe> s5sibly to arise f alum2 & its high /yptic & a/r+5t ta/e does z evid5tly proce$ f t m9]al salt1 jo9$ ) "s e>?y or f]rug9e\s p>ts4 ,i mu/ likewise obs]ve1 t :5 ,i fir/ comp>$ ! ta/e ( ^! two spr+s1 ,i c\ld pla9ly disc]n1 t ! wat] ( ! l[] spr+ 0 m acid1 & less a/r+5t1 ?an t ( ! upp] "o2 &1 on ! contr>y1 ! wat] ( ! upp] spr+ seem$ m a/r+5t1 & less acid4 ,?is induc$ me to ?9k1 t ! m9]al p>ts1 :i* caus$ ! acid & a/r+5t ta/es1 7 mix$ 9 ! wat]s ( ^! two spr+s 9 diff]5t proportions4 ,& :at ,i obs]v$ ( !m aft]w>ds /ill confirm$ ?is conjecture4 ,b1 9 ord] to give "s evid5ce = ! exi/5ce ( ! above-m5tion$ m9]als 9 ! wat]s ( ^! spr+s1 we %all consid] !m sep>ately1 by relat+ ! exp]im5ts1 :i* seem$ to indicate1 t !y are conta9$ 9 ^! wat]s 9 a v consid]able proportion1 & by (f]+ "s conclusions1 :i* may be reasonably drawn f !m4 ,& z ! fir/ trials 7 made 9 que/ ( iron1 x may p]haps be mo/ prop] to consid] x 9 ! fir/ place4 ,exp]im5t #a4 ,"s pieces ( galls be+ add$ to equal quantities ( ! wat] ( ! two spr+s1 an exce$+ deep & bright blue col\r 0 imm$iately produc$ 9 ! wat] ( ! upp] spr+1 :i* 9 a little "t turn$ to a p]fect black4 ,! wat] ( ! l[] spr+1 ?o' inde$ x 0 turn$ ( ! same col\r1 yet 0 n ( s deep a %ade1 b 0 some:at light] ?an ! =m]4 ,! t9cture ( galls caus$ ! same appe>ances4 #b4 ,a t9cture ( balau/9e-fl[]s produc$ ! above blue col\rs 9 bo? wat]s4 #c4 ,a quantity ( ! wat] be+ ?or\ghly t+$ ) galls1 0 all[$ to /& #bd h\rs3 be+ !n filtrat$ ?ro' br[n pap]1 ! wat]1 ?o' almo/ q col\rless1 w\ld n aga9 receive any t9cture ) galls4 #d4 ,aft] elixation ! wat] became ( a turbid yell[ col\r ) o*re1 & af=d$ v little t9cture ) galls4 #e4 ,a solution ( sal ,m>tis1 *emically prep>$1 be+ mix$ ) galls1 imm$iately turn$ ( a bright d>k blue col\r1 exactly simil> to t produc$ 9 ! wat]4 #f4 ,a solution ( common & rock alum 0 no-ways *ang$ 9 its col\r ) galls4 #g4 ,a solution ( sal ,m>tis & alum be+ mix$ 9 equal quantities1 ! mixture 0 turn$ ( a bright blue col\r ) galls2 yet n ( s deep a hue1 b ( a m dilut$ col\r ?an ! solution ( sal ,m>tis1 )\t alum4 ,f ^! exp]im5ts we mu/ fir/ ( all obs]ve1 t ! col\r1 :i* ^! wat]s af=d ) galls & pomegranate-fl[]s1 is v uncommon4 ,! m iron1 t any m9]al wat] conta9s1 x w af=d ! deep] col\r ) su* a/r+5ts3 b ?o' ,i h tri$ ?is exp]im5t ^u a great _m ( ! f]rug9e\s wat]s 9 ,scotl&1 & also ^u ! wat]s ( "s ( ! =eign ,spaws1 ,i nev] obs]v$ "o1 t af=d$ s deep a col\r z ?is1 :i* we n[ consid]4 ,"s ( ! weake/ ( !m gives only a r$ or fa9t purple t9cture1 & ! /ronge/ only a deep purple3 b ,i nev] saw or he>d ( any *alybeat wat]1 b ?is1 ei!r 9 ,scotl& or else:]e1 t af=d$ an int5se black & inky col\r ) galls4 ,f :i*1 ,i ?9k we may v5ture to conclude1 t ! wat] ( ?is ,spaw conta9s a f> l>g] proportion ( iron ?an mo/1 or p]haps ?an any1 o!r *alybeat wat] hi!rto discov]$3 & = ?is reason1 ,i d>e say1 x w likewise be s mu* ! m pref]able to mo/ o!rs 9 m$ic9al virtues2 :i* has inde$ already appe>$ by _m surpris+ cures x has p]=m$1 & :i*1 ,i am p]suad$1 w m fully appe>1 :5 its m$ic9al effects %all be bett] kn[n4 ,!re mu/ ne$s be a v great quantity ( iron 9 ?is wat]1 :5 x yields z deep a col\r ) galls z a /rong solution ( sal ,m>tis4 ,i 0 inde$ at fir/ appreh5sive1 t ?is p]haps might n be ow+ s mu* to a l>ge & uncommon proportion ( *alybeat p>ts1 z to ! commixture ( alum1 :i* ,i judg$ to be 9 ! wat]4 ,b we see ! contr>y appe>s by ^! trials3 = alum ( itself af=ds no t9cture ) a/r+5ts1 &1 in/ead ( r5d]+ a solution ( sal ,m>tis ) galls ( a m int5se col\r1 r makes x light] & m dilut$4 ,we see "h1 t ! f]rug9e\s matt] is intirely sep>at$ f ! wat] by an infusion ( galls4 ,! l also happ5s by elixation2 aft] :i* x is almo/ depriv$ ( its t++ quality4 ,yet o!r *alybeat wat]s lose ?is quality by mu* less degree ( heat4 ,z !re is an o*r\s e>? sep>at$ f all /eel wat]s1 :5 expos$ to ! air1 :i* subsides to ! bottom1 & a metall9e scum or cremor1 :i* swim on _! surface2 we %all next consid] ! appe>ances1 :i* !y make 9 ?is wat]4 ,exp4 #h4 ,a solution ( sac*>um ,saturni be+ dropt into common spr+-wat]1 left ! upp] p>ts ( ! wat] cle> & col\rless1 b =m$ a lactesc5cy t[>ds ! bottom4 ,! same solution be+ add$ to ! m9]al wat]1 soon turn$ x ( a turbid yell[ col\r1 :i* aft]w>ds subsid$1 & =m$ a deep yell[ cl\d 9 ! bottom ( ! glass2 & bel[ ?is yell[ s$im5t !re adh]$ to ! bottom ( ! glass a :iti% sub/ance1 :i* ,i took to be ! metall9e p>ts ( ! sac*>um ,saturni sep>at$ f ! pur] p>ts ( ! salt1 :i* 7 /ill susp5d$ 9 ! wat]1 & :i* made x ( a muddy :iti% col\r4 #i4 ,=ty drops ( oleum t>t>i p] deliquium be+ add$ to an ounce ( ! wat]1 made x ( an uni=m light yell[ col\r2 b 9 an h\r aft]w>ds !re 7 _m small yell[ t]r5e nubecul =m$ 9 x4 ,^! ! next day 7 m conspicu\s1 be+ ?or\ghly sep>at$ f ! wat]1 & precipitat$ to ! bottom1 leav+ ! wat] q cle>1 z x 0 be=e ! mixture4 ,a small quantity ( ?is limpid wat] be+ tak51 x w\ld af=d no t9cture ) galls4 ,x 0 !n all p\r$ (f1 except s mu* 9 ! bottom ( ! glass z conta9$ ! above-m5tion$ cl\ds3 to ?is !re 7 "s galls add$1 :i* 9 half an h\r turn$ ^! cl\ds f a light yell[ to a deep r$ col\r1 b did n *ange ! col\r ( ! wat]1 9 :i* !y swam4 #aj4 ,imm$iately aft] ! affusion ( ol4 t>t4 p4d4 to ! wat]1 galls 7 add$ to ! mixture1 :i* t+$ x ( a deep & bright r$ col\r4 ,aft] /&+ = "s "t1 !re 7 r$ cl\ds precipitat$ to ! bottom1 & ! wat] cont9u$ ( a dusky opake r$ col\r4 #aa4 ,!re is a small brook1 =m]ly m5tion$1 :i* runs ne> by ^! spr+s2 into :i* ! wat]1 t fl[s f !m1 is dis*>g$4 ,i obs]v$ ! /ones & *annel ( ?is brook all t+$ ) o*re ( a deep yell[ col\r1 s f> up z ! wat] ( ^! spr+s fl[$ into x2 b ! *annel1 :i* ! m9]al wat] ran ov] be=e x 0 mix$ ) ! wat] ( ! brook1 0 v little or no?+ discol\r$ ) o*re4 ,z ,i conjectur$ :at ?is 0 ow+ to1 ,i aft]w>ds took two equal quantities ( ! m9]al wat]1 into "o ( :i* ,i put an equal quantity ( common wat]4 ,9 two h\rs ! mixture became less transp>5t1 & appe>$ yell[i%1 :ile ! simple m9]al wat] reta9$ its cle>ness4 ,next day !re 0 mu* o*re sep>at$ f ! mixture1 :i* subsid$ to ! bottom ( ! glass3 b ! unmix$ m9]al wat] rema9$ /ill cle> & col\rless1 z at fir/4 ,all *alybeat wat]s sep>ate _! o*r\s p>ts1 :5 expos$ "s "t to ! air2 b ?is sep>ation is made soon] by ! commixture ( sev]al k9ds ( salts4 ,?us we see ! o*re 9 ?is wat] is imm$iately sep>at$ & precipitat$ by ! solution ( sac*>um ,saturni4 ,! oil ( t>t> causes a precipitation ( ^! f]rug9e\s p>ts 9 ! same mann]4 ,:i* p>ts mu/ be ! sole cause1 t ! wat] receives a t9cture f galls2 s9ce1 aft] !y are precipitate1 x loses t quality1 :i* !y not)/&+ reta9 ev5 aft] !y are sep>at$ f ! wat]4 ,?is precipitation ( ! o*r\s p>ts ( ! wat] 7 ! only visible effects t ,i c\ld p]ceive to foll[ f ! affusion ( ! ol4 t>t4 p4d4 ,i rememb] inde$1 :5 ,i 0 at ,m(fat1 ,i saw ! manuscript ( ,dr4 ,horsburgh's exp]im5ts ^u ?is m9]al wat]2 :i* appe>$ to be v accurate2 & :i* ,i und]/& are s9ce pr9t$1 9 a volume lately publi%$ by ! ,philosophical ,society at ,ed9burgh4 ,among/ ^! ,i obs]v$ "o1 :i* ,i ?\ght s v rem>kable1 t ,i p>ticul>ly adv]t$ to x4 ,x 0 ! effects ( ! affusion ( ol4 t>t4 p4d4 to ! wat]1 produc+ 9 x cl\ds1 or a coagulation ( a gre5 or grass-gre5 col\r4 ,i ?9k ^! 7 ! words2 & ,i own ,i 0 some?+ surpris$ at !m4 ,a solution ( vitriolum ,m>tis1 mix$ ) ?is alkal9e oil1 does inde$ produce a gre5 coagulum3 b ,i c\ld sc>cely ?9k1 t ?is1 or any o!r *alybeat wat]1 conta9$ s l>ge a proportion ( t vitriol1 z to be suffici5t to produce ^! effects1 :5 ,i consid]$1 t s _m writ]s1 :i* ,i _h se51 ^u ?is subject1 h all fail$ 9 _! attempts ( extract+ a conspicu\s m>tial vitriol f su* m9]al wat]s4 ,i _h tri$ ?is exp]im5t ^u f\r or five *alybeat spr+s 9 ,scotl&1 & likewise ^u ! ,spa & ,pyrmont wat]s1 :i* _h be5 well pres]v$2 b !re nev] result$ any su* effects f ! mixture ( ^! ) oil ( t>t>1 z are relat$ 9 ! above exp]im5t4 ,all ! alt]ation x produc$ 9 ^! wat]s 0 ! precipitation ( an o*r\s e>?1 b )\t ! lea/ appe>ance ( any gre5 col\r4 ,z ,i look$ ^u ?is z a lead+ exp]im5t 9 ! hi/ory ( vitriolic wat]s2 z ,i _h (t5 tri$ x1 & z (t5 se5 ! gre5 coagulum produc$ ) ! solution ( ! factiti\s vitriol1 & nev] c\ld obs]ve x produc$ 9 any ( ! above wat]2 ,i began to suspect1 t ^! wat]s 7 ei!r n possess$ ( a vitriolic salt at all1 or else1 t x 0 9 "s respects v diff]5t f ! factiti\s vitriol4 ,= ^! reasons1 ,dr4 ,horsburgh's exp]im5t appe>$ v extraord9>y2 ?o' at ! same "t ,i 0 greatly pleas$1 t ,i %\ld h ! opportunity ( repeat+ x1 & ( obs]v+ ^? phnom5a 9 ?is f]rug9e\s wat]1 :i* ,i _h s\ght = 9 va9 9 sev]al o!rs4 ,b :5 ,i came to make ! trial1 ,i 0 yet m surpris$1 :5 ,i f\nd x misgive1 & t ! ol4 t>t4 p4d4 produc$ no gre5 col\r or coagulum 9 ?is m9]al wat]1 nor caus$ any o!r alt]ation 9 x1 ?an ! sep>ation ( a l>ge quantity ( o*r\s e>? ( a yell[ col\r1 exactly ! same ) :at ,i _h obs]v$ 9 ! o!r /eel wat]s4 ,?is failure made me imm$iately conclude1 t ,i _h someh[ or o!r committ$ an error 9 ! exp]im5t3 & ?o' ,i 0 pretty sure1 t ! m9]al wat]1 :i* ,i _h us$ 9 x1 0 q fre%1 yet ,i c\ld n be s positive z to ! oil ( t>t>1 :i* ,i suspect$ to h be5 long kept4 ,yet t ?is c\ld h be5 ! cause ( my be+ s unsuccessful1 ,i c\ld sc>cely believe1 ?o' inde$ ,i c\ld assign no o!r4 ,i 0 sorry1 t ,i _h n aft]w>ds an opportunity ( repeat+ ?is exp]im5t ) m accuracy1 f :i* ,i might h expect$ to reap m success1 z x is p]haps "o ( ! mo/ consequ5ce1 t c be p]=m$ on ?is m9]al wat]1 z x is capable ( demon/rat+ ! exi/5ce ( a sub/antial vitriolum ,m>tis 9 x2 :i* is m ?an has be5 hi!rto done1 or p]haps ev] w be done1 conc]n+ any "o ( ! va/ numb] ( *alybeat wat]s1 :i* h be5 yet discov]$4 ,:5 galls are add$ to ! wat]1 at ! same "t ) oil ( t>t>1 in/ead ( its deep blue col\r1 x af=ds only a r$ t9cture4 ,x appe>s f ! #aa? exp]im5t1 t an addition ( common wat] causes ! m9]al wat] to precipitate its o*re2 & ! reason ( ?is is obvi\s3 = if ^! o*r\s p>ts be altoge!r t]r5e1 z !y appe> to be1 & exi/ 9 ! wat] unconnect$ ) any o!r pr9ciple1 !n x mu/ happ51 t z ^! p>ts are uni=mly diffus$ ?ro' ! wat]1 9 :i* !y are susp5d$ z 9 a m5/ruum2 by ! addition ( common wat]1 ?is m5/ruum be+ dilut$1 ! cohesion ( ^! t]r5e p>ts mu/ be !reby weak5$1 & _! contact de/roy$2 s t _! m5/rual equilibrium be+ ?us tak5 (f1 !y c be no long] support$ 9 ! fluid1 b mu/ be precipitat$ by ! =ce ( _! own gravity4 ,exp4 #ab4 ,:5 ! wat] 0 expos$ = "s days to ! air1 !re 0 a cremor sep>at$ f x ( a %9+ *alybeat col\r4 ,?is1 l o!r k9ds ( cremor1 takes a consid]able "t to compleat its intire sep>ation f ! fluid1 out ( :i* x is expell$3 = :5 x 0 despumat$1 a new cremor always succe$$1 until ! :ole quantity1 :i* ! wat] conta9$1 0 exhau/$4 #ac4 ,:5 ?is cremor fir/ appe>$ on ! wat]1 x 0 ( a fa9t bluei% col\r2 b z x increas$1 x *ang$ into a deep] & m bright %9+ blue3 &1 aft] long] /&+1 x became blot*$ ) v>i\s col\rs1 z r$1 orange1 yell[1 gre51 blue1 purple1 & violet4 #ad4 ,a quantity ( ! wat] be+ put 9 a g5tle heat1 ?is cremor 0 quickly sep>at$ f x1 & appe>$ on ! surface ( ! wat]4 ,a l quantity ( ! wat]1 ) its cremor already ^u its surface1 0 put ov] a g5tle heat1 :i* by degrees broke ! cremor into v small p>ts2 b :e!r !y did evaporate1 or precipitate 9 ! wat]1 ,i c\ld n be c]ta94 ,b1 by o!r trials1 ?is cremor 0 f\nd to h a great degree ( fixity1 be>+ a consid]able heat )\t avolation2 yet n )\t ! appe>ance ( "s ( its p>ts fly+ (f1 al?o' mo/ ( !m 7 fix$2 because :at rema9$ lo/ its f9e col\rs1 & 0 *ang$ into a %9+ *alybeat col\r4 #ae4 ,! wat] ( ! l[] spr+ af=d$ a mu* less quantity ( ! cremor1 ?an ! wat] ( ! upp] spr+4 ,x took also a long] "t to sep>ate1 0 ( a bluei% col\r1 & _h n ! vivid col\rs1 :i* ! wat] ( ! upp] spr+ %ew$4 #af4 ,:5 ol4 t>t4 p4d4 & _s ( sal ammoniac 7 add$ to ! wat]1 x did n sep>ate its cremor4 ,?is cremor1 :i* is sep>at$ f ! wat]1 is ! same ) t1 :i* appe>s on ! surface ( a solution ( vitriolum ,m>tis1 :5 expos$ = "s "t to ! air2 & an infusion ( iron 9 common wat] also emits a cremor ( ! same k9d4 ,i rememb]1 z ,i 0 once c>efully obs]v+ a l>ge glass full ( *alybeat wat]1 :i* conta9$ mu* ( ?is cremor2 soon aft] x 0 expos$ to ! air1 ,i obs]v$ a t5ui\s bluei% vap\r ris+ 9 ! p>ts ( ! wat] next ! surface1 :i* v mu* dim9i%$ its transp>5cy2 & by degrees ?is vap\r 0 emitt$ by ! l[e/ p>ts ( ! wat]3 b z ! cremor increas$ on its surface1 ! wat] became gradually depriv$ ( ! bluei% t9cture1 :i* x receiv$ f ?is halitu\s body2 :i* 0 app>5tly no?+ else b ! p>ts ( ! cremor sep>at+ f ! wat]1 & asc5d+ upw>ds4 ,f :5ce we may conclude1 t ?is cremor consi/s ( ! v f9e/ "p ( iron att5uat$ to ! highe/ degree4 ,x has be5 ! op9ion ( mo/ naturali/s1 t ^! k9d ( m9]al wat]s d ab\nd 9 sulphure\s p>ts4 ,?is !y h conjectur$ f ! foetor1 t (t5 att5ds !m4 ,b 9 :at quantity or =m ^! p>ts exi/ 9 ! fluid1 or by :at means !y c be r5d]$ conspicu\s1 has n z yet be5 suffici5tly det]m9$4 ,yet1 ,i ?9k1 we may suspect "s ( ! p>ts ( ?is cremor to be sulphure\s4 ,!y are volatile1 &1 be+ heat$1 d fly (f f ! pure metall9e p>ts1 :i* be+ m fix$1 are !reby left de/itute ( ^? vivid col\rs1 :i* !y enjoy$ f ! sulphure\s p>ts4 ,^! are evid5t m>ks ( sulphur1 & are altoge!r analog\s to "s o!r appe>ances ( t m9]al4 ,ano!r obs]vation t5d+ to support ?is is ! want ( ^? vivid col\rs 9 ! cremor1 :i* appe>s on an infusion ( iron2 ! reason ( :i* seems to be ! loss ( ! sulphure\s p>ts ( ! *alybeat m9]als by avolation1 dur+ ! op]ations ( ! fire1 :i* !y und]go 9 ref9+4 ,x appe>s f ! fifte5? exp]im5t1 t ! wat] ( ^! two spr+s conta9s a v diff]5t proportion ( ?is cremor3 & f ! la/1 t x is precipitat$ along ) ! o*r\s p>ts1 :i* happ5s ^u ! affusion ( ^! alkal9e liquors4 ,! next trials 7 9 que/ ( alum4 ,exp4 #ag4 ,a quantity ( ! wat] be+ kept = "s "t 9 a boil+ heat1 & aft] x 0 cool be+ filtr$ q cle> f its o*r\s matt]1 x /ill reta9$ a subacid & alum9\s ta/e 9 a v /rong degree4 #ah4 ,to an ounce ( common spr+-wat] !re 0 add$ two gutts ( fre% sweet milk4 ,?is mixture be+ %ak51 ! milk mix$ intimately ) ! wat]1 )\t any k9d ( coagulation4 #ai4 ,! same exp]im5t be+ made ) ! m9]al wat]1 ! milk1 ^u its affusion1 0 s curdl$1 or sep>at$ into cl\ds1 t ! greate/ %ak+ c\ld n mix or incorporate x ) ! wat]4 #bj4 ,?is exp]im5t be+ also made ) a weak solution ( alum 9 spr+-wat]1 its effects ^u ! milk 7 n 9 ! lea/ diff]5t f ^? ( ! m9]al wat]4 #ba4 ,& ! same trial be+ aga9 repeat$ ) ! wat]1 :5 boil$ & filtr$ f its o*r\s p>ts1 ! milk 0 9 ! same mann] coagulat$ z be=e elixation4 #bb4 ,"o "p ( sweet milk be+ add$ to f\r p>ts ( ! m9]al wat]1 ! milk subsid$1 & =m$ a cl\d 9 ! bottom ( ! glass1 leav+ ! upp] p>ts ( ! wat] cle>4 ,?is mixture be+ he>tily %ak51 ! milk mix$ s well ) ! wat]1 t x appe>$ to be b a v little curdl$4 #bc4 ,:5 a l>g] quantity ( milk 0 add$ to a small] quantity ( wat]1 & ev5 :5 equal p>ts ( ! milk & m9]al wat] 7 mix$ & %ak5 toge!r1 !re c\ld be no curdl+ or coagulation obs]v$4 #bd4 ,an equal quantity ( ! wat] & milk be+ boil$ toge!r1 ! greate/ "p ( ! milk 0 coagulat$ into a ?ick :ite curd2 & ! rema9d]1 ) ! m9]al wat]1 turn$ ( a pure :ite milky col\r1 :i* drank l :ey1 & 0 v agreeable4 #be4 ,eight gutts ( sweet milk be+ add$ to f\r ounces ( ! wat]1 & ! mixture boil$1 "p ( ! milk 0 !reby curdl$1 & swam ^u ! top ( ! wat]4 ,! o*r\s p>ts ( ! wat] 7 likewise sep>at$1 & fall+ to ! bottom1 _! col\r did n appe> ( a cle> yell[1 z usual1 b 0 some?+ milky4 ,all ^! exp]im5ts /rongly indicate ! exi/5ce ( alum 9 ?is wat]4 ,x reta9s its alum9\s ta/e1 & coagulates milk1 aft] ! *alybeat p>ts are almo/ all expell$ by elixation4 ,! coagulation ( ! milk demon/rates an acidity 9 ! wat]1 & ! o!r appe>ances %ew t acidity to be ow+ to an alum9\s salt4 ,x appe>s1 t ! milk requires a l>ge quantity ( ! wat]1 to make a s5sible coagulation 9 x3 =1 9 ! #bb;d exp]im5t1 "o "p ( ! milk be+ add$ to f\r p>ts ( ! m9]al wat]1 ! coagulation 0 sc>cely disc]nible3 & 9 ! #bc;d1 :5 an equal or l>g] quantity ( milk 0 add$ to ! wat]1 ! coagulation 0 n at all obs]vable4 ,i h he>d x confid5tly av]r$1 t ?is m9]al wat] did n at all curdle milk2 :i*1 ,i suppose1 has be5 ?ro' a mi/ake 9 ! exp]im5t1 9 add+ too l>ge a proportion ( milk to ! wat]3 = 9 ?is way ! coagulation _c be obs]v$4 ,i imag9$1 t :5 ! wat] 0 boil$ ) milk1 ! mixture w\ld h become ( a muddy yell[ col\r1 by ! sep>ation ( ! o*re3 b x did n ev5 appe>1 t ! o*re 0 at all sep>at$ f ! mixture1 z x is f ! wat] :5 boil$ by itself4 ,on ! contr>y1 n only ! coagulum1 b also ! liquor1 0 ( a pure :ite col\r1 & ( a pleasant ta/e3 & ?is makes me ?9k x wor? ! inquir+ into1 :e!r or n ! wat] does reta9 its m$ical qualities aft] x is prep>$ 9 ?is mann] ) milk8 ,=1 if x does1 su* a prep>ation might c]ta9ly be v s]viceable 9 _m cases4 ,^! exp]im5ts1 :i* we next relate1 d n only asc]ta9 ! exi/5ce ( alum 9 ! wat] ) great] c]ta9ty1 b also1 t !re is a p>ticul> k9d ( e>? conjo9$ ) ?is salt4 ,exp4 #bf4 ,an ,engli% qu>t ( ! wat] be+ kept boil+ = a qu>t] ( an h\r1 x turn$ ?ick1 muddy1 & yell[1 by ! sep>ation ( its o*r\s p>ts2 &1 be+ set to cool 9 a clean b[l1 ! next day all ! o*re 0 subsid$ to ! bottom1 f :i* ! wat] 0 c>efully filtr$3 :]eby x became almo/ z cle> & limpid z be=e ! elixation1 reta9+ a %>p alum9\s ta/e1 b 0 depriv$ ( ! /rong f]rug9e\s ta/e1 :i* x _h at fir/4 ,?is wat] 0 aga9 boil$2 by :i* means x 0 aga9 turn$ a little yell[1 by ! sep>ation ( "s m o*re4 ,x 0 !re=e aga9 filtr$1 & r5d]$ cle>1 & its alum9\s ta/e 0 /rong] ?an be=e4 ,aft] ?is filtration1 ! wat] 0 evaporat$ 9 a s&-heat to ab\t a sixte5? "p ( ! orig9al quantity1 & !n x ta/$ l a /rong solution ( alum jo9$ ) a small degree ( a *alybeat ta/e4 ,& ?is be+ totally evaporat$ 9 a glass1 !re adh]$ ^u its sides a pure :ite salt2 & a l>g] quantity ( ! same salt rema9$ 9 ! bottom ( ! glass1 :i* 0 n s :ite1 b m impure ?an ! =m]1 & ( a br[n col\r4 #bg4 ,?is salt1 ?us procur$ f ! wat]1 be+ mix$ ) di/ill$ v9eg> & _s ( vitriol1 !re 0 n ! lea/ eff]vesc5ce produc$4 #bh4 ,"s ( ! br[n-col\r$ salt be+ put ^u a r$-hot iron1 x did nei!r sp>kle nor decrepitate2 b 0 turn$ into a blacki% c9]iti\s sub/ance1 :i* 9 a %ort "t became a :ite calx4 ,& ?o' "s ( ! salt 0 put ^u ! iron f9ely p[d]$1 yet x concret$1 & run toge!r 9 a c9d]1 ^: cohesion 0 aft]w>ds de/roy$ :5 calc9$ by a fur!r degree ( heat4 #bi4 ,z ,i 0 accid5tally depriv$ ( ! opportunity ( obta9+ cry/als ( ?is salt1 :i* w\ld h be5 ! be/ means ( kn[+ to :at species x 0 to be ref]r$2 ,i dissolv$ ! :ole mass 9 a small quantity ( spr+-wat]1 &1 by filtrat+ ?is solution1 ,i obta9$ a l>ge proportion ( f9e e>? ( a br[n col\r4 #cj4 ,?is solution ( ! salt af=d$ a deep blue t9cture ) galls4 #ca4 ,! same solution1 be+ mix$ ) syrup ( violets1 became ( a r$di% col\r4 #cb4 ,sac*>um ,saturni be+ add$ to ! solution1 precipitat$ a ?ick lactesc5t cl\d4 #cc4 ,ol4 t>t4 p4d4 be+ also add$ to ?is solution1 x caus$ no visible eff]vesc5ce1 yet rais$ "s bubbles ( air1 & caus$ a coagulation ( _m small br[n t]r5e nubecul 9 ! wat]2 :i*1 aft] /&+ "s "t1 subsid$ to ! bottom1 & left ! wat] cle>4 ,^! exp]im5ts d pla9ly ev9ce1 t ?is wat] conta9s an alum9\s salt1 conjo9$ ) a f9e t]r5e sub/ance1 :i* is probably a "p ( ! matrix1 f :5ce ! salt has be5 =m$4 ,?is salt gives no signs ( any alkal9e pr9ciple2 b1 on ! contr>y1 ( an acidity1 z its solution r$d5s ) syrup ( violets4 ,) ?is salt !re are also intimately conjo9$ "s v subtile *alybeat p>ts1 :i* are n sep>able f x by elixation or evaporation4 ,alum is di/+ui%able f all o!r m9]al salts1 by liquify+ & bubbl+ ^u a r$-hot iron1 & turn+ into a :ite calx4 ,b ?is c\ld n be well expect$ f ?is alum9\s salt1 :i* we _h extract$ f ! wat]1 because x 0 extremely f\l1 by be+ comb9$ ) s l>ge a proportion ( e>?2 :i* e>?y p>ts 7 ! occasion ( turn+ ! salt ( a blacki% col\r ^u ! iron4 ,h[ev]1 we see x turns :ite by a fur!r degree ( heat4 ,b if ! salt _h be5 dissolv$1 filtrat$1 & cry/alliz$1 till x _h be5 purifi$ & fre$ f ?is t]r5e matt]1 x w\ld !n c]ta9ly h _h ! same appe>ance ^u ! r$-hot iron1 z a pure alum9\s salt4 ,aga91 z x is peculi> to an alum9\s salt to liquify 9 "s degree ) fire1 s we see1 t ?is 0 evid5tly ! case ( ?is salt4 ,its eliquation inde$ c\ld n be s rem>kable1 z 9 pure alum1 because ( its be+ mix$ ) s mu* e>?2 b t x did liquify 9 "s degree is pla91 because ! :ole mass ( salt & e>?1 ev5 :5 r$uc$ to a p[d]1 ran all toge!r l a c9d]4 ,! exp]im5t ^u ! solution ( ?is salt ) ol4 t>t4 p4d4 is also a fur!r pro( ( :at we h already ass]t$3 = ?o' !re 0 no visible eff]vesc5ce1 yet ! bubbles ( air %ew1 t !re 0 an inte/9e conflict ( ! oil ) ! acid pr9ciple 9 ! solution2 :i* be+ absorb$ by ! alkali1 ! e>? 0 precipitat$1 to :i* x =m]ly adh]$4 ,! two next exp]im5ts 7 made 9 ord] to discov]1 :e!r an acid or alkal9e pr9ciple prevail$ 9 ! wat]4 ,exp4 #cd4 ,=ty gutts ( ! syrup ( violets be+ add$ to an ounce ( ! wat]1 ! mixture became ( a bright sea-gre5 col\r4 #ce4 ,a quantity ( wat] be+ kept boil+ = five m9utes1 & aft]w>ds all[$ to /& till x became cle>1 0 c>efully filtrat$ f its o*r\s s$im5t3 aft] :i*1 ^u its mixture ) syrup ( violets1 x turn$ ( a fa9t r$di% col\r4 ,f ^! exp]im5ts we inf]1 t ?is m9]al wat] conta9s bo? an alkal9e & an acid pr9ciple2 ! =m] consi/+ ( ! o*r\s & f]rug9e\s p>ts1 :i* are sep>at$ f ! wat] by elixation2 & ! latt] ( ! alum9\s salt1 :i* rema9s 9 ! wat] aft] elixation4 ,! foll[+ trials 7 made 9 ord] to "k :at effects are produc$ 9 ! wat] by be+ expos$ to ! air2 & 9 :at respects ! wat]s ( ! two spr+s diff]$ f ea* o!r4 ,exp4 #cg4 ,an ,engli% qu>t ( ! wat] ( ea* ( ! spr+s be+ fully expos$ to ! air 9 two ,*9a b[ls1 ! next day t ( ! "u spr+ 0 nei!r alt]$ 9 its ta/e1 col\r1 or transp>5cy1 nor 9 any o!r %ape :atev]2 b t ( ! upp] spr+ appe>$ ( a yell[i% col\r1 al?o' x 0 cle> & transp>5t z ! o!r4 ,on ! second day ! ta/e ( ! wat]s sc>cely appe>$ to be any way dim9i%$4 ,no s5sible *ange c\ld be obs]v$ 9 ! l[] wat]2 b ! upp] wat] 0 become m yell[ ?an x 0 ! day be=e1 yet )\t any loss ( its transp>5cy4 ,!y bo? t+$ ( a deep blue col\r ) galls2 :i* t9ctures appe>$ equally deep & /rong1 z !y did be=e ! wat]s 7 expos$ to ! air4 ,! ?ird day ! l[] wat] appe>$ cle> & col\rless z be=e1 only its surface 0 cov]$ ) a few small spots ( cremor4 ,! upp] wat] appe>$ m yell[i% ?an =m]ly1 & its surface 0 almo/ :olly cov]$ ov] ) ! cremor4 ,!y bo? af=d$ a t9cture ) galls1 :i* 0 n s5sibly diff]5t f :at !y gave be=e _! exposure4 ,on ! f\rte5? day ! wat] ( ! "u well _h precipitat$ a yell[ o*r\s s$im5t1 b ! o!r wat] a m consid]able quantity4 ,a l>ge quantity ( cremor cont9u$ also to swim ^u ! surface ( ! upp] wat]1 b !re 0 v little sep>at$ f ! wat] ( ! "u well4 ,bo? wat]s be+ n[ tri$ ) galls1 in/ead ( ! deep blue col\r1 :i* !y did =m]ly exhibit1 !y n[ became only ( a deep purple col\r4 ,on ! tw5tie? day ! visible appe>ance ( bo? wat]s 0 ! same z :5 la/ obs]v$4 ,on ! ?irty-eigh? day !y bo? af=d$ z deep a purple col\r ) galls1 z !y did ?ree weeks be=e2 & dur+ t "t also !y _h n precipitat$ any m ( _! o*r\s p>ts1 nor suff]$ any o!r s5sible alt]ation4 ,! wat] ( ! upp] well be+ filtrat$ f all ! f]rug9e\s matt]1 :i* x _h sep>at$ dur+ ^! ?irty-eight days1 0 r5d]$ almo/ z limpid & cle> z :5 newly tak5 f ! well3 b1 be+ boil$ = "s "t1 x became ( a turbid yell[ col\r2 & be+ all[$ to /&1 x aga9 precipitat$ abundance ( an o*r\s s$im5t2 & be+ filtrat$1 & mix$ ) galls1 x receiv$ a fa9t purple col\r ( a bluei% hue4 #ch4 ,a bottle ( ! wat] ( ea* ( ^! spr+s1 be+ c>efully seal$1 c>ri$ to ,m(fat1 & kept = two mon?s1 suff]$ n ! lea/ alt]ation dur+ t "t1 b 0 z fre% z :5 imm$iately tak5 f ! f\nta94 ,& ,i am in=m$1 t aft] x is c>ri$ to ,ed9burgh1 & to places at a great] di/ance1 x w keep a mu* long] "t )\t be+ any way spoil$4 ,i believe x w appe> f ^! obs]vations1 t ?is m9]al wat] cont9ues long] intire1 & p>ticul>ly t x reta9s ! quality ( t++ ) galls long]1 ?an mo/ o!rs ( ! *alybeat k9d3 at lea/1 ( a great numb]1 :i* ,i h se5 describ$1 ,i d n rememb] "o1 t reta9s x ne> s long1 :5 expos$ to ! op5 air4 ,_m ( !m lose ?is quality intirely 9 a few h\rs2 & x is greatly impair$ 9 ! same "t1 ev5 9 ^? :i* reta9 x longe/4 ,b ?is wat]1 we see1 rema9s expos$ to ! op5 air = days1 )\t almo/ any alt]ation4 ,?is may p]haps be ow+ ei!r to ! l>g] proportion ( f]rug9e\s p>ts1 ) :i* x is impregnat$2 to _! be+ att5uat$ to a great] degree2 or to _! m p]fect commixture ) ! wat]1 by means ( ! alum9\s salt4 ,! long] "t1 t any m9]al wat] does rema9 intire1 )\t any sep>ation ( its m9]al p>ts2 or ! long] x reta9s ! same =m1 :i* x has :5 newly tak5 f ! spr+2 ! m p]fect is ! commixture ( ^! p>ts ) _! fluid vehicle3 & ,i believe1 ^u t acc\nt1 w be m effectual = m$ic9al uses3 = :i* reason1 ,i suppose1 ^! wat]s may prove a m b5eficial m$ic9e1 ?an any o!rs ( ! f]rug9e\s k9d1 ^: m9]al cont5ts are n s intimately commix$ ) ! aque\s fluid4 ,z ^! wat]s are s long 9 sep>at+ _! m9]al cont5ts1 !y appe> p>ticul>ly well adapt$ = be+ transport$ to di/ant places3 = by ?is quality !y are fitt$ to und]go a long c>riage1 & to be kept a consid]able "t1 )\t any dim9ution ( _! m$ic9al virtues4 ,x mu/ also be notic$1 t ! wat] ( ! "u well is by mu* ! be/ ( ! two = c>riage1 or = be+ long kept1 z x is long] 9 sep>at+ its m9]al cont5ts ?an ! upp] "o4 ,f ^! exp]im5ts x is evid5t1 t !re is a consid]able diff]5ce betwixt ! wat]s ( ! two spr+s4 ,! upp] "o conta9s a mu* l>g] quantity ( o*r\s e>?1 & metall9e cremor1 ?an ! "u "o2 :i* is ! reason1 :y x yields a deep] col\r ) galls1 z may be obs]v$ 9 ! fir/ exp]im5t4 ,i suspect$1 on ! o!r h&1 t ! "u wat] conta9$ a great] proportion ( alum1 ?an ! wat] ( ! upp] spr+2 b ?is ,i _c affirm1 z ,i f9d ,i _h neglect$ to make ! exp]im5t1 :i* w\ld h det]m9$ :e!r x be s or n4 ,?o' ! m9]al cont5ts ( ^! two wat]s be simil>1 yet1 if !y be ?us mix$ 9 !m 9 diff]5t proportions1 ?is mu/ c]ta9ly create a diff]5ce betwe5 !m1 :i* des]ves to be att5d$ to1 z x may be suffici5t to disall[ ( _! be+ us$ promiscu\sly1 s9ce _! m$ic9al effects may be !reby diff]5t4 ,b n[1 to sum up ! evid5ce1 :i* ^! exp]im5ts1 tak5 all toge!r1 d af=d1 conc]n+ ! m9]al +r$i5ts ( ?is ,spaw2 ,i ?9k !y det]m9e1 ) "s degree ( c]ta9ty1 t x conta9s two diff]5t pr9ciples ( iron1 bo? ( :i* are fix$4 ,! "o1 :i* is ! o*r\s e>?1 is a true m9]a f]ri1 &1 al?o' x be a crude m9]al1 exi/s 9 ! wat] 9 a v f9e & subtile =m2 ! o!r1 :i* is ! cremor or pellicle1 ^: p>ts are also extremely att5uat$ 9 ! wat]1 appe>s to be iron1 n 9 its m9]al1 b 9 its metall9e =m1 &1 :5 ?r[n up ^u ! surface ( ! wat]1 %ews itself l an extreme ?9 lam9a ( t metal4 ,!re seems also to be "s small proportion ( sulphur jo9$ ) ! metall9e cremor4 ,! o!r m9]al +r$i5t1 :i* ent]s into ! composition ( ?is ,spaw1 is a consid]able proportion ( an alum9\s salt1 :i* is conjo9$ ) a small quantity ( a light br[n-col\r$ e>? 7probably a "p ( ! matrix :5ce ! salt is =m$71 & /ill m intimately connect$ ) "s ( ! *alybeat p>ts ( ! wat]1 :i* are n sep>able f x ei!r by elixation or evaporation4 ,:e!r ^! be sal9e or t]re/rial1 ,i _c det]m9e4 ,hav+ ?us endeav\r$ to discov]1 by "s pla9 & simple exp]im5ts1 ! m9]al pr9ciples1 ) :i* ?is m$ic9al wat] is impregnat$2 ,i %all n[ only add "s obs]vations1 ) respect to ! orig9 ( /eel wat]s1 & p>ticul>ly ( ?is ,spaw1 ^: orig91 ,i ?9k1 is !reby discov]$ & asc]ta9$ 9 a v obvi\s mann]4 ,among sev]al ?+s1 t are /ill defici5t 9 ! hi/ory ( m9]al wat]s2 an exact kn[lege ( _! orig9 seems to be ! *ief2 t is1 f :at fossils1 & 9 :at mann]1 ^! wat]s d acquire ! m9]al sub/ances1 ) :i* !y are impregnat$4 ,z ?is happ5s 9 ! b[els ( ! e>?1 & is !re=e f> remov$ f our view1 x is n surpris+1 t !re has be5 s little discov]$ conc]n+ x2 ?o' inde$ !re h be5 _m elaborate hypo!ses fram$ 9 ord] to acc\nt = x4 ,! writ]s on m9]al wat]s h be5 ( v diff]5t & opposite op9ions conc]n+ _! orig94 ,!y h disagre$ widely among/ !mselves2 & ,i v mu* suspect1 t ! acc\nts1 :i* mo/ ( !m give ( ?is matt]1 are n agreeable to tru?3 p>ticul>ly ) respect to *alybeat wat]s1 ,i h se5 none1 :o h giv5 a satisfactory acc\nt ( _! orig94 ,!y h all agre$1 t iron1 or ! vitriol ( t metal1 does exi/ 9 m9]al wat]s2 b !y h nev] yet agre$1 h[ !y came to exi/ 9 !m1 or 9 :at mann] m9]al wat]s come to be imbu$ ) ^! fossils4 ,"s ( ! m anci5t writ]s _c compreh5d1 h[ simple wat] %\ld be intimately impregnat$ ) s _m diff]5t k9ds ( m9]als1 except by ! means ( "s p[]ful ag5t4 ,& z !y ?\ght no?+ m prop] = communicat+ & mix+ m9]al sub/ances ) wat]1 ?an viol5t heat1 !y !re=e t]m$ all m9]al wat]s1 ( :atev] k9d1 by ! "n ( !rm4 ,!y saw "s spr+ f ! e>? extremely hot1 o!rs mod]ately hot1 o!rs tepid1 o!rs excessively cold3 !y conclud$ f ?is1 t all su* v>i\s degrees ( heat 9 ^! wat]s 7 ow+ ei!r to ! diff]5t degree ( subt]ranean fire1 :i* !y _h und]gone2 or else to ! great di/ance1 :i* "s ( !m _h run 9 ! e>?1 aft] !y _h be5 suffici5tly heat$4 ,!y !re=e ma9ta9$1 t ^? wat]s p>ticul>ly t]m$ acidul 7! greate/ "p ( :i* are impregnat$ ) iron71 or ^?1 :i*1 ?o' int5sely cold1 conta9$ a l>ge proportion ( m9]al matt]1 _h 9 "s "p ( ! e>? be5 impregnat$ ) x1 by means ( an int5se heat1 :i* !y _h be5 gradually depriv$ ( by a long passage ?ro' ! cold] p>ts ( ! e>?4 ,"s naturali/s aga91 ( a lat] date1 hav+ explod$ ! =m] notion z *im]ical1 h ?\ght1 t a vap\r ris+ f vitriolic m9]als1 & mix$ ) ! neighb\r+ /reams ( wat] 9 ! b[els ( ! e>?1 has imbu$ !m ) "s ( ! p>ts1 & ) ! prop]ties1 ( vitriol4 ,o!rs are ( op9ion1 t ! exhalations ( vitriolic m9]als1 pass+ ?ro' ! cavities ( ! e>?1 are !re cond5s$ by ! subt]rane\s cold into a limpid fluid1 conta9+ ! v f9e/ p>ts ( t m9]al salt3 :i* fluid1 mix+ ) ! prt]lab5t /reams ( wat]1 & issu+ out ( ! e>? ) !m1 produce ^? m9]al spr+s call$ vitriolic4 ,! la/ op9ion ,i %all m5tion on ?is subject1 & :i* inde$ appe>s ! mo/ plausible1 is ( ^?1 :o ?9k1 t ! iron is corrod$ & dissolv$ 9 ^! wat]s by means ( an acid3 =1 z !y imag9e simple wat] incapable ( do+ ?is1 !y suppose1 t x is fir/ imbu$ ) an acid 9 ! b[els ( ! e>?2 & !n1 by ! corrosion ( ! *alybeat m9]als1 ?ro' :i* x runs1 x comes to be impregnat$ ) !m4 ,i once receiv$ ?is op9ion1 z ! mo/ probable ,i c\ld !n obs]ve1 conc]n+ ! orig9 ( ^! spr+s3 yet n z be+ satisfactory2 = !re are _m objections aga9/ x1 :i* x is difficult ei!r to elude or to answ]4 ,! supposition ( an acidity 9 f]rug9e\s wat]s1 ,i ?\ght b ill confirm$1 because1 ^u trial1 !y discov] no ve/iges ( x1 b r appe> to be alkal9e4 ,besides1 9 consid]+ ! causes ( m9]al wat]s1 x seems m probable1 t :atev] m9]als !y conta91 !y mu/ be su*1 z c be receiv$ or extract$ by common wat] 9 its passage ?ro' ! e>?1 by solution1 abrasion1 or ! l simple op]ations2 & 9 ?is way alone ,i ?9k we may come to acc\nt n only = ! commixtion ( ! sal9e & t]r5e m9]als1 :i* are f\nd 9 m$ical wat]s1 b likewise ( ^?1 t are metall9e or sulphure\s2 = :i* simple wat]1 at fir/ sight1 may p]haps seem to be an insuffici5t solv5t4 ,x 0 ?is notion1 t fir/ induc$ me to make trial ^u v>i\s m9]al & metallic bodies1 9 ord] to "k h[ f> !y c\ld communicate _! virtues to common wat] by infusion4 ,i ?\ght ?is might ?r[ "s light ^u ! orig9 ( m9]al wat]s2 yet1 ?o' ,i made a great _m exp]im5ts ( ?is sort1 & p>ticul>ly ^u sev]al k9ds ( native *alybeat m9]als1 ,i 0 z little satisfi$ conc]n+ _! orig9 z be=e4 ,i at l5g?1 h[ev]1 met1 by accid5t1 ) :at ,i _h inquir$ aft] ) s little success4 ,z ,i happ5$ to be at a g5tleman's h\se ne> ,ed9burgh1 9 ^: e/ate !re 0 a great deal ( coal1 & :o 0 at t "t work+ a level or adit1 9 ord] to dra9 (f ! wat]1 ,i obs]v$1 t ! curr5t ( wat]1 :i* fl[$ f ?is level1 sep>at$ a great quantity ( o*re1 &1 empty+ itself into a riv] soon aft] x came f ! entry ( ! level1 t+$ all ! /ones & ! *annel ( ! riv]1 = a good way1 ( an o*r\s col\r4 ,! ta/e ( ?is wat] 0 exactly l t ( a common /eel ,spaw2 & x af=d$ a purple col\r ) galls#ee4 ,z ,i knew1 t ?is wat] fl[$ (f a great body ( coal1 ,i (t5 infus$ t fossil1 tak5 f ! pits ne> ?is level1 9 common wat]2 b ! infusions nev] yield$ any t9cture ) galls4 ,i tri$ 9 ! same way ano!r m9]al1 t ! m9]s call blaes2 :i* is a cliff]y /ratum ( a bluei% col\r1 t (t5 lies bo? above & bel[ ! coal3 also ano!r fossil ( a br[n col\r1 :i* is v pond]\s1 & is call$ by ! m9]s dogg]2 a ?9 seam ( :i* (t5 lies 9 ! mid/ ( ! coal4 ,h[ev]1 nei!r ( ^! w\ld af=d an infusion1 t w\ld t+e ) galls4 ,at la/ ,i got ano!r m9]al out ( ^! coal-pits1 :i* is sometimes f\nd among/ ! coal1 b is n s frequ5t z any ( ! =m]2 & ?is fully answ]$ my expectation4 ,x is f\nd ei!r 9 r\nd or broad pieces1 is exce$+ pond]\s1 & ( a %9+ yell[ col\r1 & is call$ by ! m9]s brass lumps4 ,:5 ,i infus$ ?is m9]al = a %ort "t 9 common wat]1 x communicat$ to x all ! prop]ties ( a /eel ,spaw2 its ta/e 0 exactly ! same2 & x receiv$ a t9cture f galls1 :i* 0 ( a m dilut$ or int5se purple1 accord+ to ! proportion ( ! m9]al add$ to ! wat]1 or to ! "t ( ! infusion4 ,?is simple exp]im5t does !re=e cle>ly discov] to u ! orig9 ( /eel wat]s1 & ! mann]1 9 :i* !y are impregnat$ ) _! m9]al cont5ts 9 ! b[els ( ! e>?4 ,?is obs]vation1 :i* ,i _h made conc]n+ ! orig9 ( /eel wat]s1 l$ me1 :5 ,i fir/ visit$ ,h>tfell-,spaw1 to inquire into ! adjac5t fossils3 :i* 0 ! m easily done1 z ! /rata ( ! e>? ab\t ! well1 = a consid]able dep?1 are expos$ to view4 ,aft] "s se>* among ^!1 ,i f\nd a /ratum ( cliff]y rock1 ab\t ?ree or f\r feet ?ick1 ( a grey col\r1 &1 ,i ?9k1 ab\t tw5ty paces f ! spr+4 ,9 "s ( ! holl[ places ( ?is rock1 :]e ! ra9 & w9d did n rea*1 ,i obs]v$ a :ite sal9e effloresc5ce on its surface1 :i* :5 ,i _h tak5 (f & ta/$1 ,i conclud$1 f its /yptic & *alybeat ta/e1 t x 0 a native vitriolum ,m>tis1 not)/&+ its :ite col\r2 b ,i f\nd x1 ^u trial1 to be alum1 hav+ "s f9e att5uat$ p>ts ( iron conjo9$ ) x1 & ! same salt ) t conta9$ 9 ! ,spaw wat]4 ,hav+ tak5 "s pieces ( ?is rock1 :i* 7 q free f ! sal9e eff]vesc5ce1 & infus$ !m 9 common spr+-wat] = "s h\rs1 ?is wat] did !reby acquire ! true ta/e ( ! ,h>tfell-,spaw4 ,x likewise 9 ! same mann] receiv$ a deep blue t9cture ) galls1 & conta9$ all ! o!r qualities ( t m9]al wat]1 )\t ! lea/ diff]5ce1 t ,i c\ld obs]ve3 :i*1 ,i ?9k1 asc]ta9s ! true orig9 ( ?is m9]al spr+ 9 ! mo/ obvi\s & und5iable mann]4 ,i am p]suad$1 t ?is pla9 & easy me?od ( inve/igat+ ! orig9 ( m9]al spr+s is n only sup]ior to ! mo/ le>n$ discussions & elaborate !ories1 b w be f\nd to be ! sure/1 yea1 ! only way ( ext5d+ & compleat+ our kn[lege conc]n+ !m4 ,z ,i h n yet _h ! opportunity ( mak+ ! exp]im5ts1 :i* ,i design$1 ^u ! two fossils1 t we f9d to be ! cause ( ! above m9]al wat]s1 & :i* w be necess>y to elucidate & compleat ^! obs]vations1 :i* we h made conc]n+ _! orig92 ,i %all n[ only add "o ?+1 & recomm5d x to ! obs]vation ( o!rs3 8,:e!r or n1 f su* a kn[lege ( ! orig9 ( m9]al wat]s1 we may n acquire artificial ones ( z great1 or p]haps ( great]1 m$ic9al use1 ?an ^?1 :i* are naturally produc$80 ,,xviii4 ,an ,acc\nt ( ! ,/ate ( ! ,!rmomet] at ! ,hague on ! #i? ( ,janu>y #ageg4 ,extract$ f a ,lett] ( ,mr4 ,abraham ,trembley1 ,f4,r4,s to ,?o4 ,bir*1 ,d4,d4 ,secret4 ,r4,s4 ,read ,m>4 #c1 #ageg4 ,hague1 ,febr4 #ae4 #ageg4 ,i ,c>efully obs]v$ ! !rmomet] dur+ ! cold days1 :i* we h _h ?is w9t]4 ,i made use ( ! same !rmomet]1 ) :i* ,i made my obs]vations 9 #agdj1 & = t purpose fix$ x 9 ! same place1 :]e x 0 t ye>1 viz4 9 a w9d[ directly expos$ to ! nor?1 & op5 to a l>ge squ>e4 ,9 #agdj ,i saw ,fahr5heit's !rmomet] at two degrees bel[ #j4 ,?is ye>1 on ! #i? day ( ,janu>y 9 ! morn+1 x 0 at ?ree degrees above #j2 t is1 only five degrees high] ?an 9 #agdj4 ,,xix4 ,exp]im5tal ,exam9ation ( ,plat9a4 ,by ,william ,lewis1 ,m4,b4 ,f4,r4,s4 ,read ,m>4 #ag1 #ageg4 ,,pap] ,v4 ,,! acc\nt ( ?is extraord9>y m9]al1 =m]ly read to ?is illu/ri\s ,society1 & hon\r$ ) _! approbation1 be+ s9ce publi%$ 9 ! ,philosophical ,transactions1 r5d]s any recapitulation ( ! discov]ies hi!rto made unnecess>y4 ,! ne> & rem>kable relation betwixt plat9a & gold1 n only 9 po9t ( gravity1 b 9 _m less obvi\s prop]ties1 hi!rto suppos$ to belong to gold alone2 & _! z manife/ disagreem5t 9 o!rs1 p>ticul>ly col\r1 ductility1 & fusibility2 induc$ me to exam9e1 :at effects !y might h 9 comb9ation ) "o ano!r 9 diff]5t proportions2 & :e!r !re is reason to cr$it ! report ( great frauds hav+ be5 committ$ by mix+ !m toge!r2 h[ f> su* abuses are practicable2 &1 :at is ( m importance1 ! means by :i* !y are discov]able4 ,exp]im5ts ( ! ,mixture ( ,plat9a & ,gold4 ,,exp]im5t ,i4 #a4 ,twelve c>ats#ef ( f9e gold1 & ! same quantity ( ! pur] gra9s ( plat9a1 7 urg$ 9 a bla/-furnace1 = ne> an h\r1 ) a fire s /rong1 t a slip ( ,w9dsor brick1 ) :i* ! crucible 0 cov]$1 ?o' def5d$ by a ?9 coat+ ( pure :ite clay1 _h begun to melt4 ,^u break+ ! vessel1 ! metal 0 f\nd 9 "o smoo? lump or bead2 :i*1 aft] be+ neal$ by ! flame ( a lamp1 & boil$ 9 alum-wat]1 appe>$1 bo? 9 ! mass1 & ^u ! t\*/one1 ( a pale bell-metal col\r1 )\t any resemblance to gold4 ,x bore sev]al /rokes1 & /ret*$ consid]ably "u ! hamm]1 be=e x begun to crack ab\t ! edges4 ,on view+ ! fracture ) a magnify+ glass1 ! gold & plat9a appe>$ unequally mix$2 & sev]al small p>ticles ( ! latt] 7 se5 di/9ct3 nor 0 ! mixture intirely uni=m aft] x _h aga9 & aga9 be5 return$ to ! fire1 & suff]$ _m h\rs ( /rong fusion4 #b4 ,eighte5 c>ats ( gold & six ( plat9a 7 #c3a7 7 melt$ toge!r z ! =ego+1 9 an int5se fire cont9u$ ab\t an h\r4 ,! bead1 neal$ & boil$1 0 less pale-col\r$ ?an ! =m]1 b _h no?+ ( ! col\r ( gold4 ,x =g$ tol]ably well1 l co>se gold4 ,to ! nak$ eye x appe>$ uni=m2 b a good magnifi] discov]$ 9 ?is1 z well z 9 ! o!r1 "s inequality ( mixture1 n )/&+ ! fusion 0 two or ?ree times repeat$1 ) ! /ronge/ degrees ( heat we 7 capable ( excit+ by l>ge bell[s4 #c4 ,tw5ty c>ats ( gold & f\r ( plat9a 7 #e3a7 7 kept 9 /rong fusion = above an h\r & a half4 ,^! unit$ into an equal mass1 9 :i* no granule ( plat9a1 or dissimil>ity ( p>ts1 c\ld be di/+ui%$4 ,! col\r 0 /ill s dull & pale1 t ! comp\nd c\ld sc>cely be judg$ by ! eye to conta9 any gold4 ,x hamm]$ well into a pretty ?9 plate2 b we c\ld n draw x into wire ( any consid]able f95ess4 #d4 ,tw5ty-two c>ats ( gold 7 melt$ 9 ! same mann] ) two ( plat9a 7 #aa3a7 ! same t /&>d gold conta9s ( alloy4 ,! mixture 0 uni=m1 ( a tol]able gold5 col\r1 b easily di/+ui%able f t ( /&>d gold by a d+y bell-metal ca/4 ,x work$ well1 0 =g$ into a ?9 plate )\t crack+1 & drawn into mod]ately f9e wire4 #e4 ,tw5ty-two c>ats & a half ( gold1 & "o & a half ( plat9a 7 #ae3a71 melt$ into an uni=m mass1 :i*1 aft] ! usual neal+ & boil+1 prov$ some:at t\gh] ?an ! prec$+1 & ( a bett] col\r4 #f4 ,tw5ty-?ree c>ats ( gold 7 melt$ ) "o ( plat9a2 :i* is ne>ly half ! proportion1 t /&>d gold conta9s ( alloy4 ,! comp\nd work$ extremely well1 b 0 di/+ui%able f gold by a manife/ d+9ess1 :i* x reta9$ aft] repeat$ =g+s1 fusions1 neal+s1 & boil+s4 #g4 ,tw5ty-?ree c>ats & "o-f\r? ( gold1 & ?ree-f\r?s ( a c>at ( plat9a 7 #ca3a71 =m$ an equal mixture1 v malleable1 ductile l ! ?ree =ego+ :il/ hot z well z cold1 b n intirely free f _! peculi> d+y col\r4 #h4 ,a mixture ( tw5ty-?ree c>ats & a half ( gold1 ) half a c>at ( plat9a 7 #dg3a71 0 v s(t & flexible1 ( a good col\r1 )\t any ?+ ( ! disagreeable ca/1 by :i* all ! =ego+ compositions 7 readily di/+ui%able1 9 ! mass z well z on ! t\*/one1 f f9e or /&>d gold4 #i4 ,a mixture ( tw5ty-?ree c>ats & ?ree-f\r?s ( gold1 ) "o-f\r? ( a c>at ( plat9a 7 #ie3a71 c\ld n be di/+ui%$ by ! eye or hamm] f ! f9e gold itself4 ,9 all ^! processes1 ev5 :]e ! proportion ( plat9a 0 small1 ! fusion 0 p]=m$ by a vehem5t fire1 t ! m9]al might be ! m intimately dissolv$1 & equally diffus$ ?ro' ! gold4 ,! necessity ( ?is precaution appe>$ f an exp]im5t =m]ly relat$2 9 :i* "o ( plat9a hav+ be5 melt$ ) f\r ( gold1 ! button appe>$ n mu* pal] ?an /&>d gold ) silv] alloy4 ,on a second fusion x lo/ its yell[ col\r1 :i* _h at fir/ be5 only ext]nal1 f an imp]fect mixture1 great "p ( ! plat9a be+ conceal$ 9 ! int]nal "p ( ! mass1 & cov]$ z x 7 by a gold5 coat4 ,! crucibles 7 rubb$ on ! inside ) *alk1 to prev5t any p>ticles ( ! metal f lodg+ 9 _! cavities4 ,a little borax 0 employ$ 9 ea* z a flux2 ) ! addition ( nitre1 by :i* ! col\r ( gold is some:at height5$4 ,on remelt+ "s ( ! mixtures ) sundry o!r additions1 p[d]$ *>coal seem$ to improve ! col\r mo/4 ,,exp]im5t ,,ii4 ,! prec$+ compositions1 aft] be+ g5tly hamm]$ & boil$1 7 weigh$ hydro/atically ) great c>e1 by a v t5d] balance1 9 di/ill$ wat]1 :]e9 ! gravity ( /&>d gold turn$ out #ag4ghh4 ,all ! mixtures prov$ heavi] ?an /&>d gold4 ,_! gravities 7 ne>] to ! m$ium ( ! gravities ( ! +r$i5ts1 ?an ^? ( ! compositions ( plat9a ) any ( ! o!r metals =m]ly giv5 an acc\nt (2 none fall+ consid]ably %ort ( ! mean gravity1 & "s r exce$+ x4 ------------------------ ,gravity4 ,by ,by ,exp]im5t4,calculation4,diff]5ce4 ,plat9a #ag4jjj ,plat9a #a ,gold #a #ah4adj #ah4adb #j4 #jb ,plat9a #a ,gold #c #ah4fac #ah4gad #j4aja ,plat9a #a ,gold #e #ah4hab #ah4ijd #j4jib ,plat9a #a ,gold #aa #ah4hce #ai4jid #j4bei ,dim9ution4 ,plat9a #a ,gold #ae #ah4iah #ai4adb #j4bbd ,plat9a #a ,gold #bc #ai4jhi #ai4ahi #j4ajj ,plat9a #a ,gold #ca #ai4abh #ai4bac #j4jhe ,plat9a #a ,gold #dg #ai4bfb #ai4bcg #j4jbe ,plat9a #a ,gold #ie #ai4bgc #ai4bfa #j4jab ,increase4 ,gold #ai4bhe ----------------------- ,,exp]im5t ,,iii4 ,z a mixture ( plat9a ) an equal quantity ( gold has be5 report$ to be specifically heavi] ?an gold itself1 b turn$ out o!rwise 9 ! above exp]im5ts2 "s fur!r trials 7 made on t head4 #a4 ,in/ead ( ! crude m9]al1 ^: gravity is b #ag1 we took plat9a1 t _h be5 cupell$ ) lead1 "o ( ! neate/ ( ! buttons =m]ly m5tion$1 :i*1 ?o' reta9+ a portion ( ! lead1 0 ne>ly z pond]\s z f9e gold1 viz4 #ai4bdj4 ,?is 0 melt$ ) equal its weight ( ! gold1 9 a /rong fire1 & cont9u$ 9 fusion = ab\t an h\r3 ! mass prov$ spongy1 & v light4 ,we remelt$ x sev]al times ) vehem5t degrees ( fire1 suff]+ x to cool leisurely 9 ! crucible1 &1 9 ord] to sep>ate z mu* z possible ( ! lead1 to :i* its spong9ess seem$ ow+1 boil$ x 9 aqua-=tis1 & repeat$ly inject$ corrosive sublimate ^u x dur+ fusion3 ! mass1 nev]!less1 /ill turn$ out cav]nul\s & brittle1 & specifically light] ?an ei!r ! gold or plat9a by !mselves4 #b4 ,i likewise endeav\r$ to comb9e plat9a ) small proportions ( gold4 ,by vehem5ce ( fire1 x 0 made to unite1 ?o' n p]fectly1 ) half its weight & less3 b ! mixtures 7 extremely spongy & brittle2 9 specific gravity "o sc>ce #af1 ano!r less ?an #ae4 #c4 ,z a ca/ metall9e body f ! ,spani% ,we/ ,indies1 ( :i* "s acc\nt w be giv5 h]eaft]1 appe>s to h be5 conf\nd$ ) ! m9]al plat9a1 ?is also 0 melt$ ) an equal quantity ( gold4 ,!y unit$ ) great ease1 by a mod]ate fire1 into an uni=m comp\nd1 tol]ably compact1 b ^: specific gravity 0 only #af2 :i* is ne>ly ! mean gravity ( ! two +r$i5ts4 ,,exp]im5t ,,iv4 ,z a small portion ( copp] some:at height5s ! col\r ( pale gold1 plat9a 0 melt$ ) eight times its weight ( /&>d gold made ) copp] alloy4 ,! fusion 0 p]=m$1 z 9 ! prec$+ exp]im5ts1 9 a close crucible1 ) a /rong fire1 b )\t any flux1 & cont9u$ = ab\t an h\r4 ,! metal appe>$ cov]$ ) a black scurf1 & _h lo/ ab\t #bjj4 ,x 0 mu* dull] col\r$1 h>d] to ! hamm]1 & crack$ soon] ab\t ! edges1 ?an mixtures ( f9e gold ) a l>g] quantity ( plat9a4 ,by repeat$ fusion1 & frequ5t neal+1 x became a little s(t] & t\gh]1 s z to be drawn into pretty f9e wire2 b ! col\r 0 /ill exce$+ dull1 m resembl+ t ( bad copp] ?an ( gold4 ,! specific gravity ( ?is comp\nd 0 #ag4iae2 a little less ?an ! m$ium ( ! ?ree +r$i5ts unmix$1 & a little great] ?an ! mean gravity result+ f ! plat9a by itself1 & ! copp] & gold mix$2 = copp]1 9 ! /&>d proportion1 appe>s to dim9i% ! gravity ( gold m ?an x ought to d accord+ to calculation4 ,f ! =ego+ exp]im5ts x appe>s1 t plat9a is miscible ) gold1 9 c]ta9 proportions1 )\t injur+ ei!r its col\r or ductility1 or occasion+ any consid]able alt]ation 9 ! gravity3 exp]im5ts relat$ 9 =m] pap]s h %ewn1 t x /&s aqua-=tis1 & ! o!r trials by :i* ! purity ( gold is e/imat$4 ,x is to be hop$1 t ! abuses manife/ly practicable by ?is m9]al h hi!rto be5 b r>ely made use (4 ,to gu>d aga9/ !m is ! object ( ?is pap]2 to detect !m1 ( ! next4 ,,xx4 ,exp]im5tal ,exam9ation ( ,plat9a4 ,by ,william ,lewis1 ,m4,b4 ,f4,r4,s4 ,,pap] ,,vi4 ,exp]im5ts ( di/+ui%+ & purify+ ,gold mix$ ) ,plat9a4 ,read ,m>4 #ca1 #ageg4 #a4 ,by ,amalgamation ) ,m]cury4 ,,9 an exp]im5t relat$ 9 ! f\r? pap]1 an amalgam ( "o "p ( plat9a & two ( gold ) a suitable quantity ( m]cury1 hav+ be5 triturat$ ) wat] = a consid]able "t1 & occasionally wa%$ ov]1 ! plat9a 0 gradually ?r[n out1 & ! gold reta9$ by ! quicksilv]4 ,repetitions ( ?is exp]im5t h %ewn1 t ?o' ! sep>ation succe$s 9 "s cases1 x does n p]fectly 9 all3 t if !re is any p>ticle ( ! plat9a imp]fectly dissolv$ 9 ! gold 7:i* w g5]ally be ! case1 unless ! quantity ( gold is ?ree or f\r times great] ?an t ( ! plat9a71 ?is "p w be reta9$1 aft] long trituration1 undissolv$ by ! m]cury1 uncomm9ut$ by ! pe/le1 & too pond]\s to be wa%$ (f 9 its gross =m4 ,a v>iety ( mixtures ( plat9a & gold 7 treat$ 9 ! mann] above describ$2 & ! gold1 recov]$ f ! amalgams1 submitt$ to fur!r exam9ations4 ,:]e ! proportion ( plat9a 0 l>ge1 ! microscope almo/ always discov]$ /ill "s granules ( x on ! fracture ( ! +ot3 :]e ! proportion 0 small1 ! recov]$ gold 0 frequ5tly1 b n con/antly1 f\nd to be pure4 ,f ^! exp]im5ts x appe>s1 t m]cury has a great] aff9ity ) gold ?an plat9a1 & t plat9a is capable ( be+ totally sep>at$ by elutriation2 b t ! process is too vague & undet]m9$ to be applicable 9 ! way ( assay1 z we h no m>k ( ! precise "t = discont9u+ x1 & z we c nev] be c]ta91 )\t mak+ ano!r assay1 :e!r ! :ole ( ! plat9a is sep>at$ or n4 ,z a prep>atory exam9ation1 :]e ! quantities ( plat9a & gold to be sep>at$ are l>ge1 x is nev]!less ( good use1 z greate/ "p ( ! plat9a may by ?is means be wa%$ ov] ) little tr\ble1 & ! gold br\ght into a less compass1 s z to be commodi\sly submitt$ to a p]fect purification by ! means h]eaft] po9t$ out4 ,?is process has a simil> effect on plat9a & gold to t ( /amp+ & wa%+ on metallic ores2 :i* c\ld n be r$uc$ into pure metal 9 ! furnace to advantage1 )\t ! previ\s sep>ation ( great "p ( ! e>?y & /ony matt] by wat]4 #b4 ,by ,precipitation ) ,alkalies4 ,gold is precipitat$ totally by fix$ alkal9e salts1 b plat9a only 9 "p4 ,:5 solutions ( ! two metals are mix$ toge!r1 s mu* ( ! plat9a rema9s susp5d$1 aft] saturation ) ! alkali1 z to be readily di/+ui%able by ! yell[ col\r1 :i* x communicates to ! liquor4 ,x has be5 object$1 t ?o' ! plat9a 0 discov]able1 :5 ?us m+l$ sup]ficially ) ! gold1 x may nev]!less1 :5 comb9$ m intimately by fusion1 elude ?is me?od ( trial4 #a4 ,mixtures ( gold ) small proportions ( plat9a 7 !re=e kept 9 fusion1 by a v /rong fire1 = sev]al h\rs1 & aft]w>ds dissolv$ 9 aqua-regis4 ,! solutions be+ dilut$ ) wat]1 & a pure fix$ alkal9e salt gradually add$1 s long z any eff]vesc5ce ( precipitation ensu$1 ! liquors rema9$ manife/ly col\r$1 ?o' app>5tly pal] ?an :5 ! two metals _h be5 dissolv$ by !mselves4 #b4 ,a m conv9c+ pro(1 t "p ( ! plat9a rema9s susp5d$1 aft] ! precipitation ( ! gold1 0 obta9$1 by putt+ into ! filt]$ liquors "s plates ( pure t91 :i* pres5tly contract$ an olive hue1 & ?rew d[n a l>ge quantity ( a br[ni% precipitate1 z f ! common solutions ( ! crude m9]al4 ,x 0 obs]vable1 t ! t9 plates 7 (t5 s5sibly act$ on1 ev5 :il/ ! liquor 0 ov]*>g$ ) alkali4 #c4 ,x has be5 fur!r sugge/$1 & ) great appe>ance ( probability1 t z a "p ( plat9a is precipitat$ z well z gold by alkal9e salts1 if only ?is "p be mix$ ) gold1 x w be ?r[n d[n by !m aga9 ^u dissolv+ ! comp\nd4 ,to det]m9e ?is po9t1 a precipitate ( plat9a made by fix$ alkali 0 melt$ ) ?rice its weight ( f9e gold1 & kept 9 /rong fusion = above an h\r3 !y unit$ m easily ?an gold does ) s l>ge a proportion ( ! crude m9]al1 & =m$ a smoo? neat bead1 :i* hamm]$ well into a pretty ?9 plate be=e x crack$1 & appe>$ int]nally uni=m & equal4 ,?is comp\nd be+ dissolv$ 9 aqua-regia1 & a fix$ alkal9e salt add$ by degrees till ! acid 0 m ?an saturat$1 ! liquor became inde$ pale2 b t9 plates put into x quickly discov]$1 t x held a v consid]able quantity ( plat9a4 ,x appe>s !re=e a con/ant prop]ty ( ?is m9]al to rema9 p>tially dissolv$ 9 ! neutralis$ liquor2 & t m9ute proportions ( x1 mix$ ) gold1 are by ?is means di/+ui%able4 #d4 ,_m o!r exp]im5ts 7 made ( ! precipitations & precipitates ( gold & plat9a1 by alkalies bo? ( ! fix$ & volatile k9d4 ,! mo/ rem>kable effects 71 t volatile alkalies1 add$ to bo? solutions 9 quantity j suffici5t to saturate ! acid1 precipitat$ gold intirely1 b plat9a only 9 "p1 s mu* ( x rema9+ susp5d$ z to give ! same col\r to ! liquor z :5 fix$ alkalies 7 made use (3 t1 on add+ a l>g] quantity ( ! _s aft] ! precipitation ( ! gold1 ! liquor became yell[1 a "p ( ! metal be+ tak5 up aga92 & t ! plat9a 0 m copi\sly r$issolv$1 ! liquor becom+ ( a deep br[ni% r$3 t ! wa%$ precipitates ( bo? metals1 :e!r made by volatile or fix$ alkalies1 prov$ soluble1 by mod]ate dige/ion1 9 _s ( salt2 ^? ( plat9a mu* m difficultly & sp>+ly ?an ^? ( gold4 #c4 ,by inflammable ,liquors4 #a4 ,inflammable spirits1 :i* revive gold f its solutions 9 =m ( yell[ films1 h no su* effect on solutions ( plat9a4 ,?is exp]im5t af=ds n only a crit]ion = di/+ui%+ ) c]ta9ty :e!r gold has be5 debas$ by plat9a1 b likewise an infallible means ( recov]+ x p]fectly pure f any admixture ( t m9]al4 ,if ! comp\nd be dissolv$ 9 aqua-regis1 ! solution m+l$ ) twice its quantity or m ( ! _s1 & ! mixture suff]$ to /& = "s days 9 a glass slightly cov]$2 ! :ole ( ! gold arises to ! surface1 leav+ ! :ole ( ! plat9a dissolv$4 ,! gold5 pellicles may be collect$1 by p\r+ ! matt] into a filt] j l>ge en\gh to conta9 x4 ,! dissolv$ plat9a passes ?ro'1 leav+ ! gold ^u ! pap]1 :i* is to be wa%$ ) fre% p>cels ( wat] till ! liquor runs col\rless4 ,! pap] is !n to be c>efully squeez$ toge!r1 & burnt 9 a crucible previ\sly l9$ ) vitrefi$ borax3 :5 fully sunk d[n1 a little fre% borax is to be inject$1 & ! fire rais$ to melt ! gold4 ,! use ( l9+ ! crucible ) borax is to prev5t any molecul ( ! gold f lodg+ 9 its cavities4--,?is process is att5d$ ) "o inconv5i5ce1 ! sl[ness ( ! sep>ation ( ! gold f ! solution3 ?is may be 9 "s measure exp$it$ by employ+ a _s1 :i* has be5 di/ill$ f vegetables1 t give ov] an ess5tial oil4 #b4 ,z ess5tial oils take up gold f aqua-regis1 & keep x dissolv$ = a "t ^u ! surface ( ! acid2 a pure col\rless oil1 t ( rosem>y1 0 p\r$ into ab\t half its quantity ( a solution ( plat9a1 ! mixture well %ak51 & suff]$ to re/3 ! oil quickly arose1 )\t tak+ up any ?+ f ! plat9a1 or receiv+ any col\r3 ! acid liquor und]nea? rema9$ col\r$ z at fir/4 ,compositions ( plat9a & gold be+ dissolv$ 9 aqua-regis1 & treat$ 9 ! same mann]1 ! :ole ( ! gold 0 imbib$ by ! oil1 & ! :ole ( ! plat9a rema9$ dissolv$ 9 ! acid4 ,! oil1 load$ ) ! gold1 appe>$ ( a f9e yell[ col\r1 &1 on /&+ = a few h\rs1 ?rew (f great "p ( its cont5ts1 9 bright yell[ films1 to ! sides ( ! glass4 ,sundry o!r di/ill$ oils 7 made trial (1 ) ! same ev5t4 ,! gold is easily recov]$1 by sett+ ! oil on fire2 &1 :5 ?or\ghly burnt out1 melt+ ! residuum ) borax1 z 9 ! prec$+ exp]im5t4 ,aft] ! sep>ation ( ! oil employ$ at fir/1 x may be prop]1 = ! great] security1 to add a little m2 :i*1 if any "p ( ! gold %\ld happ5 to h be5 left 9 ! liquor1 w effectually take x up4 #c4 ,! exp]im5t 0 repeat$ likewise ) ! subtile fluid1 prep>$ f v9\s spirits ) ! vitriolic acid1 call$ by ! *emi/s !r4 ,! sep>ation succe$$ 9 ! same mann] z be=e2 ! !r receiv+ no?+ f pure plat9a1 b in/antly tak+ up ! gold f a mixture ( ! two4 ,x is obs]vable1 t ! gold imbib$ by ?is fluid is kept p]man5tly dissolv$ by x2 )\t sep>at+ or reviv+1 z x does f ! common ess5tial oils & v9\s spirits4 #d4 ,! liquors rema9+ 9 ^! exp]im5ts1 aft] ! extraction ( ! gold1 appe> on all trials ! same ) ! common solutions ( plat9a2 & readily betray _! be+ impregnat$ ) t m9]al by _! col\r1 by ! precipitation ) t91 by _! yield+ a sp>kl+ r$ precipitate ) volatile spirits1 c4 ,a f> m m9ute proportion ( plat9a1 mix$ ) gold1 is m di/+ui%able by ^! processes1 ?an by ^? ) alkal9e salts above-m5tion$2 ^! exhibit+ ! :ole ( ! plat9a dissolv$ by itself1 ^? only a "p ( x4 #d4 ,by metallic ,solutions4 ,all ! metals1 :i* precipitate gold f aqua-regia1 h be5 already %ewn to precipitate plat9a also4 ,z gold is ?r[n d[n by "s metallic solutions1 z well z by ! metals 9 sub/ance1 p>ticul>ly ^? ( m]cury & iron1 x rema9s to apply ^! liquors z precipitants = plat9a4 #a4 ,a saturat$ solution ( m]cury 9 aqua-=tis1 :i* readily & totally ?rew d[n gold 9 its metallic =m1 be+ add$ to a solution ( plat9a1 ! liquor became imm$iately turbid1 &1 on /&+ = a little "t1 ne>ly ! :ole ( ! plat9a fell to ! bottom4 ,a solution ( m]cury 9 ! m>9e acid1 or ( corrosive sublimate1 likewise precipitat$ plat9a1 b less p]fectly1 & ) ?is diff]5ce1 t ! =m] precipitate 0 ( a greyi% br[n col\r1 ! latt] ( a sp>kl+ r$4 #b4 ,solutions ( iron 9 ! vitriolic acid1 or ( common gre5 vitriol 9 wat]1 :i* totally ?r[ d[n gold1 happily made no *ange 9 solutions ( plat9a4 ,compositions ( plat9a & gold be+ dissolv$ 9 aqua-regis1 ! solutions dilut$ ) ab\t twice _! quantity ( wat]1 & a filt]$ solution ( ! vitriol gradually add$2 ! mixtures in/antly grew turbid1 &1 on /&+1 deposit$ ! gold 9 =m ( a purpli% grey calx1 ! :ole ( ! plat9a rema9+ dissolv$4 ,x appe>$1 on num]\s repetitions ( ?is exp]im5t1 t no "p ( ! plat9a 0 precipitat$ along ) ! gold1 nor any ( ! gold kept susp5d$ ) ! plat9a4 ,:]e ! quantity ( ! mixt to be assay$ 0 v small1 ! precipitation 0 usually p]=m$ 9 a filt]1 t ! gold1 :i* sep>ates 9 v m9ute molecul1 "s ( :i* might possibly rema9 unobs]v$ 9 ! bottom ( a glass1 might be deta9$ on ! pap]4 ,! col\rless sorts ( filt]+-pap] are pref]able = ?is use to ! col\r$2 z ^! la/ may be impregnat$ ) a/r+5t matt]1 :i* w\ld extricate "s ( ! f]rug9e\s "p ( ! vitriol4 ,! vitriol 0 dissolv$ 9 ab\t six times its quantity ( wat]1 & a few drops ( oil ( vitriol add$1 to prev5t ! sep>ation ( any ( its iron 9 ! filt]4 ,?is solution 0 put into ! filt] fir/1 ! solution ( gold & plat9a imm$iately p\r$ into x1 ! :ole /irr$ toge!r ) a clean glass rod1 & su* "p ( ! liquor1 z _h run ?ro' be=e !y _h be5 duly mix$1 p\r$ back to ! re/4 ,! gold rema9+ 9 ! filt] 0 wa%$ ) fre% p>cels ( wat]1 ! pap] cauti\sly roll$ up1 & burnt 9 a crucible1 z m5tion$ 9 a =m] exp]im5t4 #c4 ,solutions ( ! vitriol1 recomm5d$ by ,kunckel & o!rs = precipitat+ gold ( an uncommonly high col\r1 made no *ange 9 ! solutions ei!r ( gold or plat9a4 ,! blui% gre5 did inde$ precipitate ! gold2 n z blue vitriols1 b by virtue ( ! f]rug9e\s matt]1 ( :i* ^! k9ds l>gely p>ticipate4 ,:ite vitriol 0 likewise made trial (1 b )\t produc+ any s5sible effect 9 ei!r solution4 #d4 ,! exp]im5ts ) gre5 vitriol 7 repeat$ on ! solutions ( plat9a & gold made 9 _s ( salt4 ,! ev5t 0 ! same z ) ^? made 9 aqua-regis2 ! gold be+ con/antly precipitat$1 & ! plat9a rema9+ dissolv$4 ,,rem>ks4 ,x may be prop] to obs]ve1 t by ! processes "h po9t$ out1 ! gold is purifi$ f o!r metallic admixtures at ! same "t t x is sep>at$ f plat9a2 ! inflammable spirits reviv+1 ess5tial oils & !r imbib+1 & gre5 vitriol precipitat+1 gold alone4 ,c>e %\ld be _h1 t ! piece ( ! mixt1 tak5 = exam9ation1 be totally dissolv$ be=e any trials are made ) ! solution2 ! m5/ruum n act+ ) equal facility on ! two metals1 b dissolv+ ! gold m readily ?an ! plat9a4 ,:]e ! acid has be5 dilute1 & only a g5tle heat appli$1 great "p ( ! gold has appe>$ to be tak5 up be=e ! plat9a 0 consid]ably act$ on4 ,:]e ! filt]1 ) ! gold 9 x1 is burnt 9 ! crucible1 borax is ! mo/ commodi\s flux3 b z ?is salt gives a s5sible pal5ess to gold1 a little nitre may be inject$1 aft] ! metal has come into fusion1 to re/ore its col\r4 ,if ! nitre 0 add$ at fir/1 :il/ ! gold cont9ues subtilely divid$1 "s p>ticles ( ! metal w\ld be dissipat$ dur+ ! deflagration1 :i* t salt produces ) ! coaly rema9s ( ! pap]4 ,z ! =ego+ exp]im5ts exhibit plat9a & gold dissolv$ 9 a m9]al fluid1 :i* by simple me*anic agitation rejects ! "o & reta9s ! o!r1 & :i* discov]s ?is diff]5t appetite ( union s mu* ! m rem>kably1 z ! two metals h be5 ! m intimately comb9$3--z !y fur!r exhibit plat9a dissolv$ 9 liquors incapable ( hold+ gold susp5d$1--gold dissolv$ 9 liquors incapable ( hold+ plat9a susp5d$1--gold totally precipitat$ by sub/ances1 :i* precipitate no p>ticle ( plat9a1--& gold1 :5 mix$ p] m9ima ) plat9a1 p]fectly recov]$ f x by ^! means1 )\t increase z well z )\t dim9ution3--x foll[s1 t plat9a is n1 z "s believe1 gold naturally debas$ by ! admixture ( "s o!r metallic body1 b a metal ( a peculi> k9d1 ess5tially diff]5t f all ! o!rs4 ,be=e ! discrim9at+ *>act]s ( plat9a 7 discov]$1 su* a notion 0 highly plausible1 & direct exp]im5t seem$ to confirm x3 a portion ( ! plat9a might be sep>at$ 9 ! process2 a quantity ( gold mix$ ) ! rema9d]1 9 ord] to collect ! gold suppos$ to be conta9$ 9 x2 ! mixture submitt$ to op]ations1 :i* gold alone 0 suppos$ capable ( )/&+2 & ! augm5tation1 :i* ! noble metal /ill reta9$1 held to be true gold ga9$ f ! plat9a4 ,! me?ods ( trial above relat$ w1 x is presum$1 be suffici5t to undeceive ^?1 :o may h be5 impos$ ^u by su* appe>ances1 & betray$ into ! practice ( un9t5d$ frauds3 to conv9ce !m1 t all !y h ga9$ f plat9a1 aft] ! mo/ labori\s attempts to dive/ x ( its imag9>y coat1 is no o!r ?an plat9a /ill3 &1 :i* is ( m ext5sive utility1 to di/+ui% all ! abuses1 t may be made ) ?is metal1 & re/ore ! gold1 s debas$1 to its orig9al purity & value4 ,,xxi4 ,an ,acc\nt ( ! ,temple ( ,s]apis at ,pozzuoli 9 ! ,k+dom ( ,naples3 ,9 a ,lett] to ,john ,w>d1 ,,ll4,d4 & ,r4,s4 ,vice-,prs4 by ! ,rev4 ,john ,nixon1 ,m4,a4 ,f4,r4,s4 ,read ,m>4 #ag1 #ageg4 ,,sir1 ,,be=e we ent] ^u a m p>ticul> consid]ation ( ?is noble piece ( antiquity1 x may n be improp] to premise ! g5]al acc\nt 7& inde$ ! only "o ,i h met ) yet publi%$71 :i* is giv5 ( x by ,mess4 ,co*9 & ,bellic>d1 9 a little #egtreatise pr9t$ at ,p>is 9 #agee4 ,^! g5tlem5 acqua9t u1 t 9 #agdi !re 7 only ?ree pill>s ( ?is build+ visible1 & t !y 7 buri$ half way )9 ! gr\nd3 b t soon aft]1 workm5 be+ employ$ by ord] ( ! ,k+ ( ! ,two ,sicilies to dig at ! place1 !y came to ! p$e/als ( ^? pill>s3 & at l5g? discov]$ ! build+ to h be5 a temple1 :i* 7z x 0 judg$ by ! pr9cipal#eh idol f\nd !re1 & "s o!r circum/ances7 0 d$icat$ to ,s]apis4 ,!y tell u fur!r1 t _m /atues & vases ( excell5t workman%ip _h be5 tak5 out ( ! ru9s2 & t ! :ole temple 0 extremely magnific5t1 be+ built1 or cas$ ?r\gh\t1 ) m>ble1 ev5 to ! p>ts appropriat$ to ! meane/ (fices4 ,?is acc\nt1 ?o' %ort1 is yet suffici5t to excite 9 ! curi\s a desire to be m fully in=m$1 bo? z to ! anci5t & mod]n /ate ( ?is place4 ,to gratify 9 "s measure t desire is ! purpose ( ! pres5t lett]4 ,9 ord] to =m any conjecture conc]n+ ! antiquity ( ! build+ be=e u1 we mu/ "k1 t ! wor%ip ( ,s]apis1 to :om x is suppos$ to h be5 consecrat$1 0 n introduc$ at ,rome till t[>ds ! end ( ! republic2 & !n tol]at$ 9 ! suburbs only#ei4 ,h[ev]1 at l5g? he 0 all[$ to h temples erect$ to him )9 ! prec9cts ( ! city2 *iefly by ! au?ority ( ,vespasian1 :o 0 ?\ght to h re/or$ a bl9d man#fj to 8 sight at ,alex&ria by ! aid & direction ( ?is deity4 ,& ^u ?is acc\nt he cont9u$ to be held 9 high v5]ation by ,titus & ,domitian1 ! sons ( t ,emp]or1 z appe>s by _! #fa/amp+ 8 image on ! rev]se ( _! co9s4 ,n[ z x is reasonable to suppose1 t ! o!r cities ( ,italy foll[$ ! example ( ! metropolis 9 ?is in/ance1 z we f9d1 !y did 9 o!rs ( a simil> nature2 we may ) "s probability place ! f\ndation ( ?is temple at ,pozzuoli some:]e )9 ! p]iod assign$ above4 ,z = ! p>ticul> /ate ( ?is build+1 x is situat$ on ! we/ side ( ! t[n1 ne> to1 & ^u a level )1 ! bea* 7,see ,,tab4 ,,ii474 ,its gr& entrance is t[>ds ! s\?1 & seems to h be5 a ve/ibule support$ by f\r columns4 ,?is introduces y into a spaci\s portico1 or corridor#fb1 :i* 0 design$ to def5d su* z assembl$ "h to wor%ip f ! injuries ( ! wea!r2 z also to af=d a commodi\s passage into a range ( rooms ( diff]5t dim5sions1 dispos$ on all ! f\r sides ( ! c\rt4 ,^! *amb]s seem design$ = prep>+ ! sacrifices1 lodg+ ! prie/s1 & keep+ _! ve/m5ts2 z also ! fuel1 /ores1 & o!r ?+s requisite = ! s]vice ( ! temple3 n to omit ! conv5i5ce ( purify+ bo? ! prie/s & ! wor%ipp]s by ba?+ or wa%+4 ,?is la/ de/9ation is c\nt5anc$1 ) reg>d to ! *amb] on ! nor?-we/ & t on ! nor?-ea/ corn]1 by ! r[ ( /one seats1 :i* /ill rema9s on ea* ( ! sides ( ! =m]4 ,^! seats h a gutt]1 or *annel runn+ along at ! foot ( !m on ! floor2 & are likewise p]=at$ ) holes ( a prop] size1 ) funnels pass+ f !m bel[4 ,on ^! b5*es probably ! p]sons to be purifi$ plac$ !mselves1 t ! wat] might be let out ^u !m f pipes2 or adm9i/r$ 9 vases or ew]s by ! att5dants1 & aft]w>ds be c>ri$ (f by ! passages m5tion$ above#fc4 ,illu/ration3 ,philos4 ,trans ,vol4 ,l4 ,,tab4 ,,ii4 p4 #afh4 ,a4 ,anci5t gr& ,entrance4 ,b4,b4,b4,b4 ,portico or ,corridor4 ,c4 ,atrium4 ,d4 ,temple prop]ly s call'd4 ,e4 ,alt> ) x's ,dra94 ,f4 ,sacr>ium4 ,g4,g4 ,two l>ge ,*amb]s = wa%+ c4 ,h4 ,mod]n ,entrance ov] ,ru9s4 ,?is seems to h be5 =m]ly su* a ,*amb]1 z is express'd 9 ! ,draw+ at 7,l7 ,a ,scale ( ,feet4 ,nor c a provision = wa%+ or ba?+ 9 ?is temple seem /range to any "o1 :o reflects1 h[ high a rank ?is mode ( purification held among ! religi\s c]emonies ( almo/ all nations ( ! _w4 ,z = ! ,romans1 ) :om we are pr9cipally conc]n$ 9 ! pres5t inquiry1 ! subsi/5ce ( ?is usage among !m might be abundantly %ewn by ! te/imonies ( _! writ]s2 & also by ! accommodations provid$ = x 9 o!r build+s ( ! same "* ) t be=e u4 ,"s ( ^! /ill rema9 )9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,pozzuolo1 viz4 ! magnific5t temple ne> ! lake ( ,av]nus ascrib$ to ,apollo1 :i* has an ap>tm5t adjo9+ to x indisputably int5d$ = ! purpose intimat$ above4 ,= x is furni%$ ) sev]al /one ci/]ns1 ^: inw>d dim5sions are proportion$ to ! ord9>y size ( an human body2 & ne> !m is a spr+1 out ( :i* ! wat] 0 tak5 up1 & p\r$ into a bason holl[$ out 9 ! side ( ! wall3 f !nce x ran along 9 a groove or *annel cut 9 ! ends ( ! ci/]ns1 to be let out ^u ! p]sons ba?+ 9 !m1 accord+ to _! pleasure1 or z occasion %\ld require4 ,s likewise 9 ! temple ( ,v5us 7z x is commonly call$7 ne> ,bai1 !re is a l>ge *amb] conta9+ sev]al /one seats = wa%+1 ) little cells contigu\s to x = undress+ be=e1 & ano9t+ ! body & dress+ aft]w>ds4 ,i h b "o m p>ticul> to add conc]n+ ! ap>tm5t 9 ! nor?-we/ angle ( ! temple1 viz4 t1 :5 x 0 cle>$ ( its rubbi%1 !re 0 f\nd 9 a ni*e 9 "o ( its sides a male & female figure nak$1 & 9 ! mo/ flagrant act ( natural lewdness4 ,x is n[ 7z we 7 in=m$7 9 a private room 9 ! palace at ,portici1 nor c be se5 )\t ! ,k+'s special p]mission4 ,9 ! same place1 probably1 may /& ! /atue ( a satyr 9 an unnatural action ) a goat1 :i* 0 f\nd at ,h]culaneum1 & is1 !y say1 ( exquisite sculpture1 b conceal$ 9 ! palace above-m5tion$ ) ! same /rict c>e z ! =m]4 ,hav+ ?us view$ ! sev]al *amb]s 9 ! ext]ior p>ts ( ! build+1 x is requisite 79 ord] to a regul> prosecution ( our design7 to return to ! gr& entrance4 ,& "h1 pass+ ?ro' ! corridor above describ$1 we come to a squ>e c\rt or atrium pav$ ) l>ge slabs ( :ite m>ble /reak$ ) blue or greyi% ve9s4 ,at ! di/ance ( #be feet fur!r1 9 ! c5t] ( ! said c\rt1 /ood ! temple prop]ly s call$1 conta9+ a circul> area ( #ed feet diamet]1 & elevat$ above ! level ( ! pavem5t1 s z to admit an asc5t to x ( five /eps#fd1 9 f\r diff]5t p>ts answ]+ to ! f\r sides ( ! corridor4 ,?is area is surr\nd$ ) sixte5 p$e/als1 on :i* =m]ly 7 columns to support a rotundo or dome4 ,aga9/ ea* ( ^! columns1 on ! outside1 !re seems to h be5 plac$ a /atue1 &1 9 ! int]m$iate spaces1 vases = inc5se1 or lav]s = wa%+1 ^u l[ /&s on ! floor4 ,9 ! middle ( ! temple 0 erect$ ! gr& alt>1 ! traces ( :i* /ill rema91 ) a s9k or dra9 ne> x to receive & c>ry (f ! blood ( ! victims1 c4 ,nor?w>d ( ! temple1 & at ! di/ance ( #be feet1 be+ ! same space1 t 0 betwe5 x & ! corridor at ! entrance1 0 once ano!r /ately ve/ibule or pavilion1 support$ by f\r columns f\r feet & an half 9 diamet]1 & ( ! ,cor9?ian ord]1 z appe>s by ?ree ( !m1 :i* /ill subsi/ /&+ 9 a l9e ) ! out] face ( ! corridor4 ,?is pavilion 7if we may judge by analogy f :at we f9d 9 o!r temples7 l$ to an inn] recess or sacr>ium t]m9at+1 probably1 9 ! segm5t ( a circle3 b ( ?is we _h no c]ta9 pro(1 z ! rubbi% 0 n yet remov$ f ?is "p ( ! build+4 ,i beg leave fur!r to m5tion a rem>kable appe>ance 9 "s ( ! columns ( ?is temple1 viz4 t t "p ( !m1 :i* 0 l[]mo/1 z well z t1 :i* 0 ne>e/ ! capitals1 is well pres]v$ & pretty entire2 :ile "p ( ! int]m$iate space = two or ?ree feet toge!r is discol\r$1 z if x _h suff]$ by burn+2 & also excavat$ 9 su* a mann]#fe1 z to conta9 multitudes ( little %ell-fi%1 :i* appe>1 l ! pholades 9 "s /ones1 almo/ totally inclos$ )9 _! cells1 s z n to be got out )\t break+4 ,i "k no way to acc\nt = ?is s probable2 z by suppos+1 t ! l[] p>ts ( ^! columns 7 secur$ by ! mass ( rubbi%1 t inclos$ !m1 z ! upp]mo/ 7 by _! elevat$ situation1 f be+ p]=at$ ei!r by ! corrosive quality ( ! sea1 :i* 7accord+ to tradition7 =m]ly cov]$ ! site ( ?is temple2 or by ! animalcula1 :i* are br$ 9 t elem5t2 :ile ! middle p>ts /&+ 9 ! wat] 7 7p]haps = ages7 expos$ to ! injuries m5tion$ above4 ,i _h no opportunity ( tak+ ! height ( ! upp]mo/ l9e1 :]e ! above-m5tion$ alt]ation 9 ! columns end$1 f ! level ( ! sea 9 ! bay2 :i* w\ld h %ewn h[ high ! wat] mu/ h ris5 =m]ly above its pres5t m>k1 to produce ! effect ascrib$ to x on ?is hypo!sis4 ,b1 h[ev] t may be1 ! nature ( ! situation ( ?is place#ff be+ consid]$1 ! innovation suppos$ to h happ5$ 9 x w n1 ,i presume1 be ?\ght improbable2 especially 9 a c\ntry s pl5tifully /or$ ) combu/ible matt] 9 its int]ior p>ts1 & consequ5tly s liable to *anges 9 its outw>d =m1 z ?is is1 & has be5 = _m ages4 ,= an extraord9>y in/ance ( ?is we ne$ g b a little way f ?is place1 viz4 to ,il ,monte ,nuovo1 a hill ab\t f\r miles 9 compass1 :i* 9 #aech 0 ca/ up 9 "o night's "t by an eruption1 :]eby ! greate/ "p ( ! ,lucr9e lake 0 fill$ up1 & ! t[n ( ,trip]gola1 ) a *ur*1 conv5t1 hospital1 & o!r build+s1 intirely buri$4 ,i %all conclude ) acqua9t+ y1 t at ! corn] ( ! c\rt ( ?is temple1 ne> ! pres5t entrance1 !re lie "s l>ge bases ( m>ble1 :i* 7z we 7 in=m$7 7 tak5 out ( ! sea at ab\t a mile's di/ance f ,pozzuolo1 & are inscrib$ ,,dvs>i ,,sacrum4 ,:at 0 ! orig9al situation ( ^! monum5ts1 x may n be possible n[ to asc]ta94 ,z = ,,dvs>es m5tion$ 9 ! inscription ^u !m1 ,g4 ,vossius#fg 7^u ! au?ority ( ,t]tullian1 & ,/ephanus ,byzantius7 makes him to h be5 an ,arabian deity1 ! same z ,bac*us or ,sol accord+ to ! ,roman !ology4 ,t le>n$ man is likewise incl9$ to ?9k1 t ! "n ,,dvs>es is comp\nd$ ( two ,hebrew words2 "o ( :i* signifies joy1 & ! o!r1 ! e>?1 i4 e4 mortals1 :o inhabit x4 ,?is etymology prop]ly expresses ! g5ial effects ( ! sun1 :i* makes glad ! he>t ( man by rip5+ ! fruits ( ! e>?1 especially ! grape3 ,:5ce ,virgil calls w9e1 ,mun]a ltitiamque ,dei4 n4 i4 v4 #fdj4 & /iles ,bac*us ! fabl$ inv5t] ( x1 ----,bac*us ltiti dator4 ,ib4 v4 #gch4 ,i am1 ,,sir1 ,) ! greate/ respect1 ,y\r mo/ ob$i5t humble ,s]vant1 ,j4 ,nixon4 ,london1 ,m>* #ad4 #ageg4 ,,xxii4 ,"s ,rem>ks on a ,p>?ian ,co9 ) a ,greek & ,p>?ian ,leg5d1 nev] be=e publi%$4 ,9 a ,lett] f ! ,rev4 ,john ,sw9ton1 ,m4,a4 ( ,*ri/-,*ur*1 ,oxon4 ,f4,r4,s4 to ! ,rev4 ,?omas ,bir*1 ,d4,d4 ,secret4 ,r4 ,s4 ,read ,m>4 #bd1 #ageg4 ,rev]5d ,sir1 ,,z we "k little ( ! reigns ( ! latt] ,p>?ian k+s1 & less /ill ( _! co9s2 an attempt to /rike out ev5 ! lea/ new light on ei!r ( ^? heads w n1 ,i p]suade myself1 prove unacceptable to ! ,royal ,society4 ,9 ?is p]suasion1 ,i d myself ! hon\r to s5d y a few conjectures ^u ano!r brass ,p>?ian m$al1 9 my possession1 z rem>kable1 on acc\nt ( ! d\ble leg5d x conta9s1 z ! =m]1 :i* ,i endeav\r$ a little to illu/rate ab\t a ye> ago4 ,?is m$al1 :i* c]ta9ly m]its ! att5tion ( ! curi\s1 is 9 v good cons]vation1 & approa*es ne> ! size ( ^? ( ! middle ,roman brass4 ,x exhibits ! head1 or effigies1 ( a ,p>?ian k+1 ) a be>d1 diadem1 & hair =m$ into su* curls z ,i nev] yet obs]v$ ^u any anti5t co9s4 ,"u ! effigies1 ! ,greek lett]s 1 :i* demon/rate ! piece to be ,p>?ian1 appe>2 &1 on ! rev]se1 a ,victory1 done some?+ aft] ! ,roman mann]1 ?o' ! workman%ip is pretty rude1 pres5ts itself to our view1 toge!r ) a leg5d 9 a language & "* at ?is "t unkn[n4 ,! leg5d consi/s ( t5 complete elem5ts1 plac$ beh9d ! ,victory above-m5tion$2 besides :i* !re is "o 9 ! field ( ! m$al1 be+ probably ! initial lett] ( ! "n ( ! city :]e ! co9 0 /ruck4 ,! metal1 ?o' t]m$ by me brass1 discov]s some?+ ( a composition simil> to t ( 8 ,grace ! ,duke ( ,devon%ire's m$al ( ,vologeses ,,iii4 z describ$ by #fh,sig4 ,haym4 ,?is co91 ( :i* ,i h]e) transmit y a draught mo/ accurately tak5 7,see ,,tab4 ,,iv4 ,fig4 #a471 hav+ n yet1 z ,i appreh5d1 be5 publi%$2 y w p]mit me n[ to (f] a few cursory rem>ks ^u x1 drawn up 9 ! %orte/ & mo/ concise mann] possible4 #a4 ,! ,greek leg5d1 _h all ( x appe>$1 w\ld1 und\bt$ly h be5 ei!r 1 or 2 ( :i* ,i %\ld *use ! =m]1 not)/&+ x is su* ,p>?ian ,greek1 z ! r\nd ( ! m$al seems n to h be5 capable ( conta9+ ! latt]4 ,x w be1 at fir/ sight1 obs]v$1 t ?is leg5d is diff]5t f ^? ( ! ,p>?ian co9s hi!rto describ$2 :i* are exhibit$ 9 ! #fi;g5itive1 n ! nom9ative1 case4 ,! la/ two lett]s ,,mo leave no room to d\bt1 ?o' ! ,o is n s extremely well pres]v$1 t ! piece 0 /ruck :5 ,monneses sat ^u ! ,p>?ian ?rone4 ,x is true1 inde$1 ! fir/ elem5t ( ! pr9ce's "n is n s app>5tly a ,mu2 ?o' x resembles t lett]1 ev5 z pres]v$ on ?is v m$al1 mu* m ?an any o!r ( ! ,greek alphabet4 ,x is h[ev] totally unlike ! ,alpha ne> x1 z well z all ! o!r =ms ( t elem5t to be met ) 9 ,montfaucon#gj1 & be>s n ! lea/ resemblance to ,beta#ga1 p>ticul>ly ! ,beta :i* ought to h be5 impress$ on ?is piece2 z mo/ evid5tly appe>s f a p>ticle ( t lett]1 visible 9 its prop] place4 ,f :5ce we may inf]1 t ! "* ,i am consid]+ mu/ be ,mu2 z ,alpha1 ,beta1 & ,mu1 7 ! only initial lett]s1 accord+ to ,dr4 ,vaillant#gb1 ( ! names ( ! ,p>?ian k+s reign+ aft] ! introduction ( ! ,omega ( ! m9uscul> =m1 z x "h occurs1 ^u ! ,p>?ian co9s4 ,b ,monneses 0 ! only "o ( ^? pr9ces ^: "n began ) ,my1 & consequ5tly ! two la/ ,greek elem5ts on ?is m$al are "p ( 8 "n4 ,! metal & size ( ?is piece1 z none belong+ to ! o!r ,p>?ian mon>*s seem to h be5 yet met ) ( ! same =m1 :i* exactly agree ) ^? ( ,monneses's#gc co9 publi%$ by ,dr4 ,vaillant1 may likewise be urg$1 z an additional argum5t ( no small weight1 9 support ( my op9ion4 ,illu/ration3 ,philos4 ,trans4 ,vol4 ,l4 ,,tab4 ,,iv4 p4 #agf4 ,fig4 #a4 ,num4 ,p>?4 apud ,jeannem ,sw9ton1 ,a4 ,m4 ,oxoni5s4 ,r4 ,s4 ,s4 ,fig4 #b4 p4 #bjb4 ,scale ( feet1 #bj-a ,in* ,j4 ,mynde sc4 #b4 ,t ! ,greek & unkn[n leg5ds on ?is m$al are ei!r ( ! same or a simil> import1 w be ackn[leg$ by all v]s$ 9 ?is k9d ( lit]ature extremely probable4 ,! ,greek & ,phnician leg5ds on ! same #gd;co9s ( ,tyre & ,sidon1 z ,i h1 ^u exam9ation1 f\nd1 & %all h]eaft] m fully ev9ce1 cle>ly correspond4 ,! ,lat9 & ,punic leg5ds on ,juba's m$als1 z has be5 by me =m]ly prov$#ge1 v well agree4 ,! s5se#gf ,i h assign$ ! leg5d 9 unkn[n *>act]s1 exhibit$ by ! rev]se ( my =m] ,p>?ian co91 )1 ,i flatt] myself1 "s appe>ance ( tru?1 suffici5tly answ]s to ! ,greek "o pres]v$ by o!r m$als ( ! same pr9ce4 ,we may !re=e be p]mitt$ to suppose1 t bo? ! leg5ds h&$ d[n to u by ! co9 be=e me relat$ to ,monneses1 & convey$ ! same1 or at lea/ extremely simil>1 ideas to ! ,p>?ians & ! ,greeks4 ,no?+ c be m consonant to reason1 ?o' we mu/ n directly assume ?is z a po/ulate1 ?an su* a supposition4 #c4 ,?is notion w likewise receive a f>!r accession ( /r5g? f ! *>act]s ( :i* ! unkn[n leg5d is compos$4 ,! fir/ ( !m s ne>ly approa*es "o ( ! =ms ( ! ,palmyr5e ,pe1 z x appe>s 9 #gg,mr4 ,dawk9s's alphabet1 t we may )\t scruple ascribe to x ! p[] ( t lett]4 ,! second is s l ! ,palmyr5e & ! ,*aldee ,dale?#gh1 t x ought indubitably to pass = t elem5t4 ,! ?ird diff]s some?+1 ?o' n greatly#gi1 f "o ( ! =ms ( ! ,palmyr5e ,he4 ,! fif?1 :i* likewise occupies ! eigh? place1 is by no means remote f ! figures ( ! #hj,palmyr5e & ,*aldee ,nun4 ,! six? occurr$ 9 ! ?ird place be=e4 ,) reg>d to ! sev5?1 x seems to me pretty /rongly to resemble "s =ms ( ! ,palmyr5e ,mem#ha1 & ev5 exactly to answ] to t ( ! same lett] 9 #hb"o ( ! ,palmyr5e inscriptions pres]v$ among/ ^? celebrat$ rema9s ( antiquity commonly1 ?o' p]haps improp]ly1 /il$ ,! ,ru9s ( ,,p]sepolis4 ,! n9? is ! ,he t\*$ ^u be=e4 ,! t5?1 :i* also succe$$ ! ?ird1 if ! p[]s ( ! o!r elem5ts h be5 rightly det]m9$1 mu/ be ,s*94 ,nor does ?is "*1 if we view x 9 a c]ta9 position1 appe> v remote f a rude =m ( t lett]4 ,?is leg5d !n1 accord+ to :at is "h advanc$1 z x n[ rema9s1 consi/s ( ! words----,,pade%ane ,,mone%1 ,,pade%an ,,emone%1 or #hc,,pade%an ,,amone%1 t is1 ,,mone%1 or ,,amone%1----,,( ,,k+s2 ! ^w ,,padi%ah1 or r ,,pade%ah1 z x seems to h be5 writt5 & pron\nc$ by ! #hd;anci5t ,p]sians1 9 ! ,pehlawian1 ,pehelawian1 or ,ba/anian1 t is1 ! old ,p]sic1 tongue1 d5ot+ #he,,k+4 ,t ,,ni1 or ,,ne1 0 sometimes a mascul9e plural t]m9ation 9 ! anti5t ,p]sic1 seems to appe> f ! ^w1 or r words1 br4zaiva41 ,,bir4 ,,zeive%ni1 ,,long,,vi1 :i* occurs 9 ,dr4 ,hyde#hf4 ,& t ! v[els ,a & ,e 7 sometimes prefix$ to ! ,p]sian prop] names1 9 ! remot] p]iods ( "t1 is abundantly manife/1 f ! words ,,sfitaman1 ,,esf9taman1 or ,,esp9taman1 ! #hg"n ( ei!r ! fa!r or "o ( ! ance/ors ( ,z]tu%t2 ,,x]xes1 #hh;,,ax]xes1 or ,,ax]ses1 & o!rs ( ! same k9d1 t might1 ) equal facility1 be produc$4 ,:e!r !re=e we read ?is leg5d----,,pade%ane ,,mone%1 ,,pade%an ,,emone%1 or ,,pade%an ,,amone%1 we _c greatly err4 ,z ! co9 0 n s p]fectly /ruck1 "p ( ! ,greek leg5d is !reby app>5tly lo/2 f :5ce1 & ! evid5t want ( a ^w !re1 we may conclude1 t ! ,p>?ian leg5d1 = ,p>?ian by ! explication "h laid d[n x appe>s to be1 on ! correspond5t "p ( ! rev]se1 mu/ h met ) ! same fate4 ,:at t ,p>?ian t]m 01 ,i _c take ^u me to say2 b ! :ole leg5d 0 probably some?+ l ,,! ,,great ,,k+ ,,monneses1 ,,monneses ,,! ,,k+ ,,( ,,k+s1 or ,,monneses#hi ,,! ,,great ,,k+ ,,( ,,k+s2 all :i* titles are intirely consonant to ^? assum$ by ! ,p>?ian k+s#ij1 & transmitt$ d[n to u on _! o!r co9s4 ,! ,p]sian1 or ,p>?ian1 t]m9ation ( ! prop] "n ,,monneses1 & o!rs t occur1 0 ,,e%4 ,?is may be inf]r$ f ! leg5d n[ be=e me1 9 conjunction ) ,scripture#ia1 & has be5 rem>k$ by "s good au?ors#ib4 ,t ! ,greeks also express$ ! ,s*9 by _! ,sigma1 & sup]add$ ano!r t]m9ation to su* words1 is suffici5tly manife/ f ! ,p]sian1 or ,p>?ian ,,ar%ak#ic1 :i* 0 conv]t$ into ,,arsaces by ! ,greek writ]s4 ,i mu/ f>!r obs]ve1 t1 accord+ to ,h]odotus#id1 ! anti5t lett]s ( ! ,p]sians 7 ^? us$ by ! ,assyrians2 :i* ,i take to h be5 ! same ) ! elem5ts t prevail$ among/ ! ,syrians1 & =m$ ! alphabet ( ! ,palmyr5es4 ,nay1 we may collect f #ie;,epiphanius1 t a consid]able "p ( ! ,p]sians us$ ! ,palmyr5e *>act]s z late z ! decl9e ( ! f\r? c5tury aft] ,,*ri/4 ,all :i* be+ maturely weigh$1 ,i _c =be> ?9k+ ! int]pretation ( ! ,p>?ian leg5d "h laid d[n 9 a good degree probable4 ,i am f> h[ev] f insi/+ ^u ! tru? ( x4 ,i %all only beg to be indulg$ ! lib]ty ( propos+ x to ! consid]ation ( our mo/ illu/ri\s ,society1 & leave ! fate ( x intirely to ! decision ( s v em95t a "p ( ! le>n$ _w4 #d4 ,b h[ev] my explication ( ! ,p>?ian leg5d may be receiv$1 ,i believe x w sc>ce be d5i$1 t ! co9 0 /ruck 9 ! reign ( ,monneses1 "o ( ! ,p>?ian k+s2 ?is po9t hav+ be5 s cle>ly ev9c$1 by ! reasons above all$g$4 ,x may n be improp] "h to rem>k1 t ! republic ( lett]s has be5 oblig$ ) ! publication ( two ( ?is pr9ce's m$als2 ! fir/ ( :i* 0 #if;co9$ 9 ! ye> ( ! ,p>?ian ra #dbb1 & ! o!r 9 #dbeig4 ,nei!r ( !m h[ev] exhibits ! ,victory impress$ on ! rev]se ( m9e4 ,t symbol1 adopt$ by ! ,p>?ians 9 imitation ( ! ,roman mann]1 mu/ und\bt$ly h allud$ to "s victory1 or at lea/ "s rem>kable advantage1 ga9$ by ! ,p>?ian =ces ov] ! ,romans1 a little be=e ! piece 0 /ruck4 ,:at t advantage 01 :5 & :]e obta9$1 & :e!r hi/ory conspires ) ! m$al1 9 ord] to settle ?is po9t1 ,i am next to inquire4 #e4 ,monneses1 if ,dr4 ,vaillant#ih may be cr$it$1 asc5d$ ! ,p>?ian ?rone 9 ! ye> ( ! ,arsacid #dbb1 ne>ly co9cid5t ) ! #aff? ( ,,*ri/1 :5 ,m4 ,aurelius & ,l4 ,v]us presid$ ov] ! ,roman _w4 ,b s f> 7 ! ,p>?ians at t "t f ga9+ any victories ov] ! ,romans1 t !y 7 e :]e wor/$ by !m1 & put to ! r\t4 ,a ,roman army1 "u ! comm& ( ,avidius ,cassius1 _h p5etrat$ into ,mesopotamia & ,assyria1 ravag$ ^? prov9ces1 laid ,seleucia 9 a%es1 tak5 ,ctesiphon1 & levell$ ! royal palace !re ) ! gr\nd1 accord+ to ,dio#ii1 ! prec$+ ye>4 ,nay1 x appe>s bo? f #ajj;,capitol9us & ! ,roman#aja co9s1 t ,m4 ,aurelius & ,l4 ,v]us triumph$ ov] ! ,p>?ians1 ! v ye> aft] ,monneses1 z #ajb;,dr4 ,vaillant w h x1 came to ! cr[n4 ,all :i* t celebrat$ antiqu>y ackn[leges to be true2 & adds1 t ,monneses conclud$ an infam\s peace ) ! ,romans1 c$+ to !m ! :ole prov9ce ( ,mesopotamia1 = :i* he 0 soon aft] depos$ by 8 subjects4 ,"h !n we c discov] n ! fa9te/ traces ( a reason = ! appe>ance ( a ,victory ^u ! m$als ( ?is pr9ce4 ,nor does any ?+ l a reason = su* an appe>ance1 9 anti5t hi/ory1 occur1 be=e ! #iej? ye> ( ,rome1 correspond+ ) ! #aig? ( ,,*ri/2 :5 ! ,p>?ians1 animat$ by ! civil diss5tions1 :i* reign$ among/ ! ,romans1 ,alb9us & ,sev]us !n fi]cely cont5d+ = ! empire1 ent]$ ,mesopotamia ) a p[]ful army#ajc1 & r$uc$ to _! ob$i5ce mo/ ( ! cities ( t prov9ce4 ,n[ if1 ) ,f4 ,cors9i#ajd1 we admit ! comm5cem5t ( ! ,p>?ian ra to h happ5$ 9 ! #ebe? ye> ( ,rome2 ! #dbe? or #dbf? ye> ( ! =m] & ! #iej? ( ! latt] ( ^? ra's1 :]e9 ! ,p>?ians und]took ! ,mesopotamian exp$ition1 w ne>ly co9cide4 ,b x may be prov$ f a m$al ( ,monneses1 describ$ by ! #aje,m>quis ,scipio ,maffei1 9 opposition to #ajf;,dr4 ,vaillant1 t ?is pr9ce 0 n de?ron$ 9 ! ye> ( ! ,arsacid #dbc1 b _h two ye>s aft]w>ds ! managem5t & direction ( ! ,p>?ian affairs3 :]e=e1 not)/&+ :at has be5 advanc$ to ! contr>y by t antiqu>y1 he might /ill h sat "o or two ye>s long] ^u ! ,p>?ian ?rone4 ,?is may likewise be inf]r$ f ,dio1 :o m5tions ,vologeses z presid+ ov] ! ,p>?ians1 n 9 #aih1 b 9 #aii1 ab\t two ye>s aft] _! irruption into ,mesopotamia4 ,all :i* be+ ) prop] att5tion consid]$1 x w appe> extremely probable1 t ! m$al ,i h be5 endeav\r+ to expla9 0 co9$ ei!r 9 ! #dbe? or #dbf? ye> ( ! ,p>?ian ra1 t is1 ! #aig? ( ,,*ri/2 t ! au?ority ( #ajg;,arrian1 #ajh;,ju/91 & #aji;,a!nu1 on :i* ,f4 ,cors9i pr9cipally s\nds 8 notion1 may be intirely dep5d$ ^u2 &1 9 f9e1 t ! argum5ts he makes use ( on ?is occasion1 to #aaj;ev9ce ! tru? ( 8 s*eme1 h[ev] !y may be oppos$ by ,f4 ,frli*1 & ! m$al be=e me mutually /r5g!n & support "o ano!r4 #f4 ,i mu/ n =get to rem>k1 t ,f4 ,cors9i ?9ks1 )\t a prop] f\ndation1 t ! piece ( ,monneses publi%$ by ,dr4 ,vaillant may be consid]$ ei!r z a ,p>?ian or #aaa;an ,arm5ian co94 ,?is1 ,i say1 he takes1 )\t a prop] f\ndation1 to be ! case4 ,= ! m$als ( ! ,arm5ian k+s1 su* z t he has oblig$ ! le>n$ _w ) a draught (1 & a mo/ excell5t diss]tation ^u1 discov] a ta/e f> diff]5t f t :i* is exhibit$ by ,dr4 ,vaillant's co94 ,! air ( ! face1 ! curls into :i* ! hair is =m$1 & 9 f9e e ?+ else visible ^u ! =m]1 except ! symbols on ! rev]ses1 be> little resemblance to :at is pres5t$ to our view by ! latt]4 ,z = ! titles1 impress$ on ^! m$als1 !y are f> f be+ ( ! same k9d2 ! ,arm5ian pr9ces 9 ?is p>ticul> approa*+ ne>] ! successors ( ,seleucus#aab1 & cont5t+ !mselves ) m pla9 & simple titles ?an t l(ty "o affect$ by ,monneses1 accord+ to ,dr4 ,vaillant1 9 common ) ! o!r ,p>?ian k+s4 ,to :i* ,i may add1 t my co9 sets ?is po9t beyond dispute1 by ! ,p>?ian *>act]s x has s app>5tly pres]v$2 all ! ,arm5ian m$als ,i h hi!rto met )1 ab\t ?ree or f\r 9 numb]1 z well z t ( ,b>on ,/os*#aac1 :i* ,f4 ,cors9i has s le>n$ly expla9$1 hav+ only ,greek leg5ds ^u !m4 ,:at !re=e he has advanc$1 on ?is head1 mu/ be consid]$ z n altoge!r s consonant to tru?2 especially1 z he seems to h (f]$ no?+ ( any great weight 9 support ( 8 op9ion4 #g4 ,be=e ,i dismiss ! pres5t subject1 ,i mu/ beg leave to take notice ( ! ,p>?ian "* on ! field ( my m$al1 :i* is n v unlike ! ,*aldee#aad or ,palmyr5e ,aleph1 ?o' ( some?+ a m complex =m4 ,%\ld ?is be all[$1 t "* may be consid]$ z ! initial lett] ( ,,arsacia1 ! "n ( a city subject to ! ,p>?ians1 plac$ by #aae,ptolemy 9 ,m$ia2 :]e1 accord+ to #aaf;,dr4 ,vaillant1 _m ( ! ,p>?ian m$als 7 co9$4 ,t city is h[ev] believ$ by "s to h be5 seat$ on ! spot occupi$ at ?is "t by ,casb91 or r ,kazwn#aag1 "o ( ! pr9cipal t[ns ( ! ,beld ,al ,jebl1 or m\nta9\s "p ( ! ,p]sian ,irk2 = a p>ticul> acc\nt ( :i* place1 ! curi\s may h rec\rse to ,golius1 & ! ea/]n geograph]s4 ,z ,i h already f> exce$$ ! limits propos$ to myself1 :5 ,i began ?is lett]1 ,i %all n n[ t\* ^u any o!r obs]vations relative to ! m$al be=e me1 :i* is ! only "o ,i h hi!rto met ) c>ry+ a ,greek & a ,p>?ian leg5d ^u x2 b only assure y t ,i am1 ) ! mo/ p]fect reg>d1 ,,sir1 ,y\r mo/ oblig$ & mo/ ob$i5t ,s]vant1 ,john ,sw9ton4 ,*ri/-,*ur* ,oxon4 ,nov #bi?1 #agef4 ,,xxiii4 ,an ,acc\nt ( a ,r$ ,coral f ! ,ea/-,indies1 ( a v s+ul> ,k9d3 ,9 a lett] f ,mr4 ,john ,ellis1 ,f4,r4,s4 to ,mr4 ,pet] ,coll9son1 ,f4,r4,s4 ,read ,m>4 #bd1 #ageg4 ,de> ,sir1 ,i ,promis$ y1 9 my lett] ( ! #g? ( ,febru>y #aged1 publi%$ 9 our ,transactions1 ,vol4 xlviii4 p4 #ejg4 t ,i w\ld1 :5 ,i _h an opportunity1 endeav\r to illu/rate ! tubul> /ructure ( ! common r$ coral ( ! ,m$it]ranean sea1 & ( "s ( ! k]atophyta2 :i* two k9ds1 ?o' evid5tly ( z diff]5t natures z /one & horn1 yet are1 f late obs]vation1 f\nd to be fa%ion$1 or rais$ up into ^? beautiful =ms1 by animals ( ! same class4 ,?is ,i %all attempt to d1 by comp>+ !m ) bodies ( a simil> k9d1 b ( a less compact texture3 = :i* reason ,i =m]ly ref]r$ y1 9 ! above-m5tion$ lett]1 to a figure1 :i* ,i h giv5 ( ! h]r+-bone-corall9e ) its animals alive 9 x1 ,phil4 ,trans4 ,vol4 xlviii4 ,,tab4 ,,xvii4 ,fig4 ,e1 ,f1 ,g1 to %ew y ! nature ( ! tubul> /ructure ( ! k]atophyta4 ,illu/ration3 ,philos4 ,trans4 ,vol4 ,l4 ,,tab4 ,,iii4 p4 #ahi4 ,j4 ,mynde ,a4 ,a piece ( pi?y knobbit & ,coral f ! ,spice ,isl&s 9 ! ,ea/ ,indies :i* appe>s to be =m'd by animals ( ! ,polype k9d1 contr>y to ! receiv'd op9ion ( ^! bodies be+ vegetables2 ! v]micul> tubes1 ( :i* x is compos'd1 be+ no m ?an ! cases or cov]+s ( ! bodies ( ^! ,insects4 ,b4 ,! radiat$ holes on ! yell[ mealy surface1 ?r\gh :i* ^! insects ext5d _! arms or claws1 z 9 ! common r$ coral4 ,,cc4 ,small ,bran*es almo/ cov]'d by a fur!r addition ( tubes1 t h ris5 all r\nd & increas'd ! bulk ( ! ,/em1 cont9u+ !mselves along x to ext5d ! ramifications2 by ?is means !y involve ! =m] side bran*es into _! own /em1 diff]+ intirely f ! laws ( vegetation4 ,d4 ,a piece ( y4 knobby jo9ts magnifi$ to %ew _! reticul> texture l t ( spongy orange wt tubes4 d4 ,! same 9 its natural size4 ,e4 ,a piece ( y4 blood r$ tubes :i* is h>d5'd into a %elly or /ony sub/ance ) "s appe>ance ( reticulations1 tak5 f y4 space betwe5 y4 knobs4 e4 ,! same 9 its natural size4 ,f4,f4 ,small holes 9 y4 bran*es ( y4 polypes4 ,g4 ,a mass ( ! /em n s highly magnifi$ %ew+ y4 tubes pass+ f /ony to spongy4 g4 ,! same 9 its natural ,size4 ,h4 ,! transv]se section ( ! base %ew+ ! holes 9 ! ends ( ! tubes4 ,i4 ,"o ( ! radiat$ cells magnifi$1 ?is is gu>d$ by #h po9t$ valves1 :i* close inw>d1 :5 ,k4 ! ,polype draws 9 8 head 7:i* is figur'd at ,k7 & op5s outw>d :5 x ext5ds x4 ,i n[ lay be=e y a piece ( r$ coral 7,see ,,tab4 ,,iii4 ,fig4 ,a47 f ! ,ea/ ,indies ( a v s+ul> k9d1 :i* ,i receiv$ f y\r fri5d ,abraham ,hume1 ,esq4 ,! /em & bran*es ( ?is appe> evid5tly to ! nak$ eye to consi/ ( a comb9ation ( v]micul> tubes closely connect$ toge!r3 &1 if we trace ^! little tubes to _! />ry op5+s on ! surface1 ,fig4 ,b4 we %all pla9ly discov] !m to be ! r$ te/ace\s cov]+s ( c]ta9 m>9e polypes1 :i* h rais$ !mselves ?us upright1 & dispos$ !mselves into ?is rem>kable vegetable =m4 ,9 ord] to =m "s idea1 h[ ^! masses are increas$ & ext5d$ to ! sizes we (t5 meet ) !m1 & :]e ! same regul>ity ( %ape is pref]r$ 9 ! l>ge1 t we f9d 9 ! small2 we ?9k x m ?an probable to suppose1 t ! species ( polypes1 t compose ?is coral1 bre$ z we f9d all o!r polypes d3 & ?is appe>s m evid5t to me1 f :at ,i h already discov]$ 9 _m k9ds ( corall9es 7,see ,plate #ch4 ( my ,essay on ,corall9es71 :]e ! "y polypes 9 "s species are produc$ 9 ! egg /ate1 :ile o!rs fall 9 great numb]s f _! matrices1 completely =m$1 d[n to ! roots ( _! p>5t corall9es1 ei!r to beg9 a new race ( ! same species ne> !m1 or to increase ! trunk1 & ext5d ! ramifications1 ( ! plant-l figure :i* !y j desc5d$ f4 ,f obs]v+ ?is me?od 9 nature1 we %all ! easi] acc\nt = ! progress ( ^? g5]ations ( "y te/ace\s polypes ( ?is coral2 :i* appe> to u succe$+ ea* o!r1 & rais+ !mselves up f ! root or base1 pass+ along ! /em & bran*es1 & cov]+ ! :ole anew ) _! %elly cases3 & 9 ?is _! passage upw>ds we may obs]ve1 9 ! specim5 be=e u1 h[ !y h involv$ & incru/$ ! small lat]al bran*es ( ! =m] g5]ation1 s z almo/ to hide _! appe>ance4 ,f h5ce we may trace !m ext5d+ !mselves to ! extremities ( ! upp] bran*es1 & !re =m+ a new s]ies ( sl5d] twigs1 proportionable to ^? :i* !y _h j cov]$1 /ill keep+ ord] & exact symmetry 9 ! :ole /ructure4 ,! di/+ui%+ "* ( ?is r$ coral1 aft] we h consid]$ its fi/ul\s texture1 is ! knotty jo9ts1 ( :i* x is compos$3 ^! appe> m di/9ct1 & are plac$ at a great] di/ance1 9 ! small] bran*es ?an ! l>ge2 &1 z we desc5d to ! trunk1 ! traces ( ^! inequalities b j appe>4 ,f ^! protub]ances1 or knots1 ! lat]al bran*es take _! rise2 & z ^! & ! lead+ bran*es gr[ up toge!r1 !y frequ5tly inosculate at ^! jo9ts1 =m+ a k9d ( network1 l :at we obs]ve 9 _m ( ^? species ( k]atophyta1 :i* are call$ sea-fans4 ,! surface ( ?is coral1 :5 rec5t1 is cov]$ ) a mealy friable matt]1 ( a yell[ col\r1 n unlike t ( ! true r$ coral1 b mu* full] ( little rais$ />ry cells4 ,! figure ( ^! cells is ow+ to ! radiat$ position ( ! claws ( ! polypes4 ,^u remov+ ?is friable matt]1 we obs]ve1 t ! polypes ( ^! cells h _h a communication ) a small hole or op5+ into "o ( ! tubes1 t lie imm$iately "u x4 ,?is frequ5t int]v5tion ( ! op5+s ( ! small tubes1 or _! ramifications1 betwe5 ! sides ( ! l>g] ones1 makes ! latt] appe> m irregul>1 & n s p>allel1 z 9 ! true r$ coral2 :]e we f9d few] />s2 &1 :]e ^? occur1 we may obs]ve x always alt]s ! direction ( ! tubes4 ,i mu/ fur!r rem>k to y1 t _m ( ! tubes ( ?is coral appe>1 ?ro' a magnify+ glass1 full ( small holes1 l ^? ,i h describ$ 9 ! k]atophyton 7,plate #bf4 ,fig4 ,g4 p4 #fb4 ( my ,essay on ,corall9es72 & ^! holes w appe> m di/9ctly to y1 :5 y exam9e ! half tubes1 or brok5 irregul> ones1 on ! /em & great bran*es ( ?is coral4 ,fur!r1 if y comp>e ! transv]se section1 at ! base ( ?is coral1 ) a section ( a common ,rattan cane1 !y w bo? appe> full ( holes 9 ! same regul> ord]1 & ( ne>ly ! same diamet]3 :]eas ! tubes1 on ! surface ( ! /em ( ?is coral1 look z irregul> z s _m holes pi]c$ or eat5 out by worms4 ,i hope by ?is "t our +5i\s botanical fri5ds1 :om we c\ld n p]suade to "p ) ^! beautiful sea-productions f ! vegetable k+dom1 are ?or\ghly conv9c$1 t ?is mealy1 friable1 or calc>i\s cov]+1 full ( />ry cells1 :i* we are sure to f9d cov]+ all ! rec5t r$ corals & k]atophyta1 is n a m]e blight ( insects1 common to ! sea vegetables z well z l& ones1 :i* !y h =m]ly insi/$ on2 b t !y w consid] ?is cov]+1 = ! future1 z prop] & necess>y = ! well-be+ ( ^! little animals1 z !y d at pres5t hair & wool = bea/s1 fea!rs & d[n = birds1 & scales & slime = fi%es4 ,?is r$ coral is m5tion$ by ,rumphius1 9 8 ,h]b>ium ,ambo95se1 ,vol4 vi4 ,tab4 #he4 p4 #bfd1 b1 z ! figure he has giv51 is n suffici5t to demon/rate its tubul> texture & animal /ructure1 ,i h _h x m accurately drawn2 & ^? p>ts 9 p>ticul> magnifi$1 :i* may t5d to illu/rate ! =ego+ description4 ,he m5tions1 t x is 9 great e/eem ) !m1 on acc\nt ( its beautiful figure2 b w\ld be mu* m s1 if x 0 n = ! great difficulty !y f9d 9 pres]v+ ! smalle/ twigs f fall+ (f2 :i* is ! reason1 ,i suppose1 t ! specim5 is n m complete4 ,la/ly1 he tells u1 t x is us$ by ! inhabitants ( ! ,spice-isl&s z a pr9cipal +r$i5t 9 _! m$ic9es to expel poison3 z also1 t !y h x 9 great e/eem on acc\nt ( its excell5t diuretic quality4 ,^u exam9+ ?is coral 9 ! microscope1 ,i obs]v$1 t ! outside tubes ( ! /em 7 *iefly /ony1 b t ! inw>d p>ts 7 compos$ ( z _m divisions ( spongy tubes1 z !re 7 ( /ony ones4 ,?is ,i f9d arises f ! small] ramifications1 :i* be+ spongy at ! knobs1 & /ony 9 ! spaces betwe5 !m1 are inclos$ & unit$ toge!r into "o common mass dur+ ! gr[? ( ?is coral2 s t bo? ! s(t & h>d p>ts toge!r make up ! inside ( its trunk or /em4 ,:5 we exam9e m9utely ! two p>ts1 t compose ! bran*es1 we f9d1 t ! knobs consi/ ( little sponge-l tubes int]wov5 toge!r1 z !y appe> magnifi$ at ,fig4 ,d2 & ! %ank or "p betwe5 ! knobs is compos$ ( /ony tubes1 t are m erect 7,see ! piece magnifi$ at ,e73 ^! tubes appe> to be bran*$ f ! lat]al holes at ,,ff4 ,! ,fig4 ,e likewise %ews ! appe>ance ( ! tubes on ! surface ( ! ma9 /em4 ,! radiat$ op5+s 9 ! little w>t-l figures on ! surface ( ! bran*es are gu>d$ by eight po9t$ valves1 z magnifi$ at ,fig4 ,i43 ^! inclose ! heads ( ! polype1 "o ( :i* is figur$ at ,k4 ,! /em ( ?is specim5 is s intirely dive/$ ( its yell[ mealy cov]+1 t we may easily trace ! mann] 9 :i* ! animals1 t compose x1 h c>ri$ up _! /ony tubul> cells1 :i* lie side by side along ! surface4 ,^! tubes h /ill "s m>ks ( spong9ess at p>ticul> di/ances1 :i*1 z !y come to jo9 toge!r1 =m ^? irregul> cross-l9es1 t surr\nd ! /em 9 sev]al places4 ,see ,fig4 ,a4 ,9 o!r specim5s ,i h obs]v$ ! pr9cipal /ems cov]$ ov] ) calc>i\s tubes1 su* z ,i h describ$ 9 ! ,essay on ,corall9es1 c4 9 t species ( k]atophyton call$ ,v5us's ,fan4 ,plate #bf4 ,! spong9ess ( ! knobby jo9ts occasions t excessive brittl5ess 9 ! less] bran*es2 :i* acc\nts = ! difficulty1 :i* ,rumphius m5tions1 ( gett+ good specim5s ( ?is beautiful coral4 ,i h lately se5 a :ite pipy & /ony coral ) spongy knobs1 :i* is only a diff]5t species ( ?is g5us1 9 ! v curi\s cab9ets ( our fri5ds ,dr4 ,john ,fo!rgill1 ,m4 ,d4 & ,mr4 ,isaac ,romilly1 ,f4,r4,s4 specim5s ( :i* !y h bo? lately receiv$ f ! ,ea/ ,indies4 ,! exam9+ ( ^! has giv5 me an opportunity to be m p>ticul> 9 ! description ( ?is coral2 :i* seems to po9t out to u ! great aff9ity !re is betwe5 corals1 k]atophyta1 & sponges4 ,i am1 ,de> ,sir1 ,y\r mo/ affectionate humble ,s]vant1 ,john ,ellis4 ,laur5ce ,lane1 ,m>4 #bd1 #ageg4 ,,xxiv4 ,an ,acc\nt ( ! ,effects ( a ,/orm at ,wigton 9 ,cumb]l&4 ,communicat$ by ,mr4 ,philip ,mill]1 ,f4,r4,s4 ,to ! ,rev4 ,?o4 ,bir*1 ,d4 ,d4 ,secr4 ,r4 ,s4 ,read ,m>4 #ca1 #ageg4 ,,sir1 ,i ,receiv$ ! inclos$ lett] by ! po/1 giv+ an acc\nt ( ! /orm1 :i* happ5$ lately 9 ! nor?4 ,if ! ,royal ,society h n already be5 in=m$ ( ! effects ( x1 & y ?9k ! cont5ts ( x wor?y _! notice2 ,i beg y w be s good z to communicate x to !m4 ,! facts !re9 m5tion$ h be5 confirm$ to me by a p]son ( skill & integrity4 ,mr4 ,?oml9son's conjecture ( ! cause ( ! leaves ( trees appe>+ scor*$ aft] ! /orm1 ,i believe to be true2 hav+ two or ?ree times myself obs]v$ ! same 9 ,sussex1 at a consid]able di/ance f ! sea2 :5 all ! h$ges1 trees1 & woods1 on ! side t[>d ! sea1 h _h _! leaves scor*$1 z if fire _h pass$ ov] !m2 & _! opposite sides f ! sea h cont9u$ 9 full v]dure2 :i* frequ5tly happ5s 9 /orms f ! s\?-we/3 &1 ^u ta/+ _! leaves1 ,i h f\nd !m z salt1 z if !y _h be5 /eep$ 9 br9e4 ,i am1 ,,sir1 ,y\r mo/ ob$i5t humble ,s]vant1 ,philip ,mill]4 ,*elsea1 ,nov4 #bc4 #agef4 ,to ,mr4 ,philip ,mill]4 ,wigton1 ,nov4 #ae4 #agef4 ,,sir1 ,,on ! #f? ( la/ mon?1 at night1 happ5$ a mo/ viol5t hurricane1 su* an "o1 p]haps1 z has n be5 kn[n 9 ^! p>ts 9 any "o's memory4 ,x la/$ f\r h\rs at lea/1 f ab\t elev5 till ?ree4 ,! damage x has done is v deplorable4 ,! corn has suff]d prodigi\sly4 ,/acks ( hay & corn h be5 intirely swept away3 h\ses unro($1 & 9 sev]al places driv5 d[n by its fury3 trees )\t numb] torn up by ! roots2 o!rs snapt (f by ! middles1 & _! fragm5ts scatt]$ ov] ! adjo9+ fields4 ,"s 7 twi/$ almo/ r\nd1 or split d[n to ! v gr\nd2 &1 9 %ort1 left 9 su* a %att]$1 mangl$ condition1 z sc>ce any description c give y an adequate idea (4 ,! *ange 9 ! face ( ! c\ntry 0 v surpris+ 9 "o s+le night3 =1 to complete ! dismally-desolate sc5e1 ! sev]al tribes ( vegetables 79 all _! v]dure ! day be=e71 z if bla/$ ) !real fire1 hung d[n _! droop+ heads4 ,e h]b1 e plant1 e fl[]1 _h its leaves )]$1 %rivell$ up1 & turn$ black4 ,! leaves ^u ! trees1 especially on ! wea!r side1 f>$ 9 ! same mann]4 ,! ev]gre5s alone seem to h escap$4 ,! grass also1 9 a few days "t1 recov]$ itself 9 a great measure4 ,i agre$ at fir/ ) ! g5]ality ( p 9 _! op9ion1 t lightn+ _h done all ?is mis*ief3 b ^u recollect+1 t !re _h n be5 mu* se5 any :]e1 9 _m places none at all1 b t ! effect 0 g5]al#aah1 z f> z ev] ! w9d _h rea*$2 ,i began to ?9k1 t "s o!r cause might probably be assign$4 ,accord+ly1 ,i set myself imm$iately to exam9+ ! dew or ra91 :i* _h fall5 on ! grass1 w9d[s1 c4 9 hopes ( be+ enabl$1 by its ta/e1 to =m "s bett] judgm5t ( ! sulphure\s or nitr\s p>ticles 7or ( :atev] o!r quality !y 771 ) :i* ! air 0 s /rongly impregnat$ t night1 z to produce su* /range effects4 ,nor 0 ,i deceiv$ 9 my expectations3 =1 ^u ta/+ x1 ,i f\nd x z bracki% z any sea-wat]4 ,! sev]al vegetables also1 :i* ,i ta/$1 7 all salt1 m or less1 & cont9u$ s = five or six days aft]2 ! sal9e p>ticles n be+ !n wa%$ (f2 f ! corn & w9d[s 9 p>ticul>2 ! latt] ( :i*1 :5 ! moi/ure on ! outside 0 exhal$ next day1 sp>kl$ & appe>$ exce$+ brilliant 9 ! sun%9e4 ,?is saltness1 ,i conceive1 has done ! pr9cipal damage3 = common salt dissolv$ 9 wat]1 ,i f9d1 ^u exp]im5t on "s fre% vegetables 7:5 spr9kl$ two or ?ree times ^u !m7 has ! v same effect1 except t x does n turn !m q s black3 b p>ticles ( a sulphure\s1 or #aaio!r quality1 may h be5 mix$ ) x4 ,t ?is salt wat] _h be5 br\ght f ! sea#abj1 e body1 ,i ?9k1 w all[2 b ! mann] h[#aba1 is n s easy to conceive4 ,?is fre$om1 ,sir1 p]haps may want an apology3 b1 z a g5tleman#abb ( ! ,society y h ! hon\r to be a memb] (1 did n ?9k some?+ ( ! l nature ei!r unwor?y ( 8 own notice1 or t ( ! _w2 & z ! hurricane pr9cipally affect$ ^! p>ts ( nature1 9 ! k ( :i* y h s em95tly di/+ui%$ y\rself2 ,i flatt]$ myself y w\ld excuse ! tr\ble ,i %\ld give y 9 a p]usal ( an acc\nt ( ?is v /range1 ?o' hi!rto unnotic$1 ph5om5on4 ,i am1 ,sir1 ) ! greate/ respect & e/eem1 ,y\r mo/ humble ,s]vant1 ,?omas ,?oml9son4 ,,xxv4 ,an ,acc\nt ( ! ,effects ( ,lightn+ ^u ! ,/eeple & ,*ur* ( ,le/)iel1 ,cornwall2 9 a ,lett] to ! ,"r ,hon\rable ! ,e>l ( ,macclesfield1 ,presid5t ( ! ,r4,s4 ,by ,mr4 ,john ,smeaton1 ,f4,r4,s4 ,read ,april #ba1 #ageg4 ,j,anuary #be4 #ageg4 ab\t five o'clock 9 ! ev5+1 return+ home f ! ,edy/one works ne> ,plym\?1 ,i obs]v$ f\r fla%es ( lightn+1 )9 ! space ( six or sev5 m9utes1 t[>ds ! we/2 b he>d no noise ( ?und]#abc4 ,a few days aft]1 ,i 0 in=m$1 t ! same ev5+ ! lightn+ _h %att]$ ! *ur* ( ,le/)iel 9 a v surpris+ mann]4 ,! #a/ ( ,m>* ,i 0 at ,le/)iel3 !y _h !n begun to repair ! damages2 b _h n made su* a su* progress1 b t ! pr9cipal effects 7 equally obs]vable z at fir/4 ,i obs]v$1 & 0 in=m$1 z foll[s3 ,at ! "t be=e-m5tion$1 ! inhabitants 7 al>m$ by a viol5t fla% ( lightn+1 accompani$ ) ?und] s sudd51 l\d1 & dreadful1 t e "o ?\ght ! h\se he 0 9 0 fall+ ^u him2 almo/ e "o be+ )9 doors1 on acc\nt ( a viol5t %[] ( ra91 :i* prec$$ ! lightn+3 s t no body saw or he>d any ?+ ( ! mis*ief done to ! *ur*1 till x 0 obs]v$ accid5tally aft] ! %[]4 ,! /eeple is c>ri$ up1 pla9 & squ>e1 to ab\t #di feet1 ) a k9d ( slate-/one1 r\gh-ca/$ on ! outside2 ^u :i* is =m$ a v elegant octogon ,go?ic lan?orn ab\t #i feet high1 & !reon a /one spire ab\t #eb feet height1 ) a sp9dle & vane ris+ ab\t #c feet above ! /one3 s t ! :ole toge!r 0 ab\t #aac feet4 ,ea* face ( ! lan?orn f9i%es above ) a sort ( a ,go?ic p$im5t1 ) a little p9acle ^u ea*1 sep>at$ f ! body ( ! spire4 ,i w n affirm1 t ! lightn+ ent]$ 9 at ! sp9dle or vane at top2 b w suppose x1 = ! sake ( me?odiz+ ! facts4 ,! vane 0 ( plate copp]1 :i* be+ turn$ r\nd1 & rivett$1 made a socket to turn ^u4 ,! sp9dle did n rea* ?ro' ! socket1 b ! weight ( ! vane re/$ ^u ! top ( ! sp9dle1 ! top ( ! socket be+ clos$4 ,ab\t ! vane 7 _m acute angles1 & "s almo/ %>p2 b ,i did n obs]ve any po9t+ directly upw>d4 ,! vane 0 mu* bruis$1 :i* might be occasion$ by ! fall2 b ! socket 0 r5t op51 z if x _h be5 burnt by gunp[d]2 & 9 su* a mann]1 z ,i _c conceive c\ld be occasion$ by ! fall4 ,"u ! sp9dle1 t c>ri$ ! vane1 0 a b> ( mu* ! same size & l5g?#abd1 t pass$ ?ro' ! c5t] ( sev]al ( ! upp]mo/ /ones successively1 9 ord] to unite !m ! m firmly toge!r1 & 0 run 9 ) lead3 all :i* surr\nd+ /ones 7 broke (f1 except "o1 :i*1 toge!r ) ! b>1 fell d[n )9 ! t[]4 ,! %ell ( ! spire1 z f> d[n z #ce feet f ! top1 0 no m ?an #g in*es ?ick1 & ! c\rses ab\t ! same height3 s t sc>ce any "o /one 9 ! spire c\ld weigh m ?an #cj or #dj p\nds2 b !y 7 jo9$ toge!r at ! ends1 ) mortoise & t5on1 9 a curi\s mann]4 ,above #bj feet ( ! upp] "p 0 intirely ?r[n d[n1 & disp]s$ 9 all directions2 &1 z ,i 0 in=m$1 "s pieces 7 f\nd at ! di/ance ( #bjj y>ds4 ,a great _m /ones fell ^u ! ro( ( ! *ur*2 & sev]al made _! way ?ro' bo? ro( & ciel+ d[n into ! *ur*1 break+ ! pews1 & :atev] !y fell ^u4 ,six feet /ill l[] ! spire 0 sep>at$2 ! we/]mo/ half be+ ?r[n d[n2 ! ea/]n half 0 left /&+1 b disjo9t$1 & 9 s critical a po/ure1 t x seem$ ready to fall e mom5t3 s t ?is 0 ord]$ to be tak5 d[n imm$iately2 & likewise to #f feet bel[1 ! "w be+ f\nd rem>kably %att]$4 ,9 ?is condition x 0 :5 ,i saw x4 ,! :ole ( ! spire ,i f\nd mu* crack$ & damag$1 b ! rema9d] ( ! #g in* %ell s greatly1 t !re seem$ sc>cely a :ole jo9t4 ,! p$im5ts ov] e face ( ! lan?orn 7 damag$ m or less2 b ! :ole a%l]+ ( t to ! ,n4,w4 0 torn (f f ! inn] wall1 to :i* x 0 connect$4 ,at fir/ sight ?is might seem to be done by ! fall+ ( ! /ones f above2 b ,i 0 conv9c$ to ! contr>y1 by obs]v+1 t sev]al ( ! p$im5ts 7 damag$1 & ev5 /ones /ruck out1 :]e ! little p9acles above !m 7 left /&+4 ,ab\t ! top ( ! lan?orn is a bell = ! clock to /rike on3 x is hung ^u a cross-b>1 ) gudgeons at ea* end2 ! :ole be+ susp5d$ to a beam laid across ! t[]4 ,! cross-b> 0 s b5t1 t ! clock-hamm] w\ld n t\* ! bell by above #b in*es4 ,?is c\ld n be done by ! fall+ ( /ones1 because ! beam w\ld def5d ! bell f receiv+ any /roke 9 ! direction to :i* ! cross-b> 0 b5t4 ,z to ! wire1 t drew ! hamm]1 z ,i 0 in=m$1 n "o bit ( x c\ld be f\nd4 ,! bells 7f\r 9 numb]7 = r++ hung 9 ! squ>e "p ( ! t[]1 bel[ ! lan?orn1 two above & two bel[3 ! :eels ( e "o 7 broke to pieces1 & "o ( ! iron /raps1 by :i* !y are fa/5$ to ! yoke1 unhook$2 &1 z appe>$ to me1 c\ld n be replac$ )\t great =ce1 or unloos+4 ,:e!r ^! accid5ts 7 occasion$ by ! lightn+1 or ! fall+ /ones1 ,i leave undet]m9$4 ,9 ! floor "u ! bells 0 plac$ ! clock1 cas$ up ) slight bo>ds4 ,! v]ge1 t c>ries ! pallets1 0 b5t d[nw>ds1 z if a t5 p\nd weight _h fall5 t5 feet high "r ^u x4 ,! crut*1 t lays hold ( ! p5dulum1 look$ z if x _h be5 cut (f by a blunt tool1 & heat$ by ! bl[1 till x 0 col\r$ blue1 at ! place :]e x 0 cut4 ,x turn$ at a "r angle1 & might be ab\t #d_/aj ( an in* broad by #b_/aj ?ick4 ,z to ! p5dulum1 :i* hung pretty ne> ! wall1 ! upp] "p ( ! rod 0 /ruck ) su* viol5ce aga9/ ! wall1 t a sm>t impression !re( 0 made 9 ! plai/]3 & ne> ! upp] "p ( ! impression appe>$ a circul> %ady r+1 ( a blacki% col\r1 some?+ l z if a pi/ol _h be5 dis*>g$ ( p[d]1 & ! muzzle held ne> ! wall4 ,! cas+ ( bo>ds r\nd ! clock rema9$ unhurt4 ,9 ?is /ory1 on ! nor? & s\? side1 are two n>r[ w9d[s or air-loops2 aga9/ ! upp] "p ( :i*1 on ! outside1 7 fix$ ! timb] dials belong+ to ! clock1 bo? :i* 7 bl[n (f1 & broke to pieces1 possibly by ! fall3 & n only t1 b "p ( ! /one jambs 7 broke out also1 ne> to :]e ! rod pass$1 t c>ri$ ! h&s4 ,9 ?is /ory also 0 a sort ( w9d[ or air-loop on ! ea/ side1 t _h communicat$ ) ! *ur*1 b 0 /opp$ up ) la? & plai/]3 also sev]al putlock-holes = ! scaffold+1 :i* _h gone ?ro' ! wall into ! *ur*1 b 7 /opp$ up ) /one1 & plai/]$ ov]3 all ^! 7 =c$ out into ! *ur*1 & ! plai/] torn f ! wall4 ,! gr\nd-/ory ( ! t[] or bellfrey is express$ 9 ! plan 7,see ,,tab4 ,,iv4 ,fig4 #b474 ,! s\? entrance ,a & nor? ,b 7 %ut ) wood5 doors4 ,! upp] "p ( ! ea/]n ,c1 t communicat$ ) ! *ur*1 0 made up ) la? & plai/]2 & be=e x1 9 ! *ur*1 are ! seats ,d1 rais$ "o high] ?an ano!r2 s t ! floor ( ! seats next ! wall 0 half up ! door-way2 consequ5tly ! vacuity "u ! seats lay op5 to ! bellfrey4 ,ab\t ! middle ( ! we/]mo/ side1 at a1 "o ( ! pav+-/ones1 ab\t #a foot squ>e1 & #a in* ?ick1 0 ?r[n up1 & a hole pi]c$ into ! wall1 r bel[ ! level ( ! pavem5t1 into :i* "o might put ?ree f+]s4 ,on ! opposite side1 ! s\?-we/ angle ( ! middle buttress at b _h a /one tak5 out ev5 ) ! gr\nd1 & a hole cont9u$ 9 to ! buttress2 s t !re is great appe>ance ( its rea*+ ?ro' bo? wall & buttress1 :i* toge!r is #h feet2 b ! hole 0 too rugg$ & crook$ to put any ?+ ?ro'4 ,besides ?is hole1 ?is wall 0 pi]c$ 9 sev]al places1 & ! plai/] ?r[n (f bo? )9 & )\t4 ,"o place )91 ab\t #d feet above ! floor1 "r ov] c1 0 a hole ( ab\t #ad in*es squ>e pi]c$ #f in*es 9 ! wall2 & s ne> squ>e1 t ,i inquir$1 :e!r x _h n be5 made by art2 b 0 assur$ ( ! contr>y4 ,! nor? & s\? doors ( ! t[] 7 bo? bl[n out1 & broke 9 _m pieces4 ,_m ( ! ar*-/ones ov] bo? doors 7 disjo9t$ & displac$3 two ( ! /ones mak+ ! jamb ( ! s\? door at g 7 =c$ q out1 & "o ( !m broke4 ,! vault+ ( ! ea/ door-way ,c 0 plai/]$ und]nea?3 ! plai/] 0 sprung f ! /one 9 #cj or #dj places1 l z if a small b> ( iron _h be5 drove f above ?ro' ! jo9ts ( ! /one1 & !reby =c$ (f ! plai/] ) its end4 ,! la? & plai/] p>tition1 :i* /opp$ up ! upp] "p ( ?is door-way1 0 =c$ into ! *ur*1 & ! wa9scott+ mak+ ! back ( ! la/ seat 0 torn f ! wall f end to end4 ,"s "p ( ! vap\r seems to h made its way ?ro' ! cavity "u ! seats2 = mo/ ( ! bo>ds compos+ ! rise ( ! /eps f seat to seat 7 bl[n out =w>ds2 & sev]al panels ( wa9scot at ea* end ( ! seats1 at d & e1 7 =c$ out1 & broke4 ,h5ce ! vap\r seems to h divid$ itself into ?ree bran*es2 "o mov+ directly =w>d to ! ea/ w9d[ ,g1 be+ #ac feet wide1 & ab\t #bj feet high1 consi/+ ( five pr9cipal lights divid$ by /one mullions3 two ( ! lights 7 9 a mann] :olly de/roy$1 & sev]al l>ge holes 9 ^? rema9+2 ! glass & lead be+ c>ri$ outw>d1 l z if an h>lequ9 _h leap$ ?ro' ! w9d[4 ,! nor? w9d[ ,e1 front+ ! brok5 panels at d1 0 v mu* %att]$3 b ! s\? w9d[ ,f _h sc>ce a :ole pane left4 ,x is f>!r to be not$1 t almo/ all ! lights 9 ! *ur*1 ?o' n broke1 7 bagg$ outw>d2 b ^? p>ts rema9+ intire 9 ! w9d[ ,d mo/ rem>kably s4 ,n4,b4 ,x 0 said 9 ! ,london pap]s1 t ! organ 0 intirely spoilt3 x is c]ta9 !re is n1 nor ev] 01 any organ 9 ?is *ur*4 ,,xxvi4 ,an ,acc\nt ( ! ,case ( ! late ,"r ,hon\rable ,horace ,"l ,walpole2 be+ a ,sequel to 8 own ,acc\nt publi%$ 9 ! ,philosophical ,transactions1 ,vol4 xlvii4 p4 #dc4 & #dgb4 ,i4 ,copy ( a ,lett] f ,john ,pr+le1 ,m4,d4 ,f4,r4,s4 to ,dr4 ,rob]t ,:ytt1 ,pr(essor ( ,m$ic9e 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,ed9burgh1 & ,f4,r4,s4 relat+ to ! ,case ( ! ,"r ,hon\rable ,"l ,walpole2 ) ,dr4 ,:ytt's ,answ]4 ,communicat$ by ,dr4 ,pr+le4 ,read ,april #ba1 #ageg4 ,london1 #bb ,feb1 #ageg4 ,,sir1 ,i ,imag9$1 t ^u he>+ ( ,"l ,walpole's dea?1 y w\ld be desir\s to "k ! /ate ( 8 ,lord%ip's heal? f ! "t he publi%$ 8 own case2 :e!r he cont9u$ ! use ( 8 m$ic9es to ! la/2 :at di/emp] he di$ (2 &1 if 8 body 0 op5$1 :at 0 ! condition ( 8 bladd] & kidneys4 ,i in=m$ myself1 z well z ,i c\ld1 ( all ^! p>ticul>s2 & ,i hope ,i %all be able to give y "s satisfactory acc\nt ( mo/ ( !m4 ,la/ ye>1 9 ! mon? ( ,m>*1 ab\t t5 mon?s be=e 8 ,lord%ip's dea?1 ,i happ5$ to meet him at a fri5d's h\se1 :]e he d9$1 & nev] saw any man ( 8 age ) a m heal?ful appe>ance4 ,he 0 !n 9 8 #gh? ye>4 ,he ate ) an appetite1 & ( a v>iety ( di%es2 drank "s ,madeira1 & 0 v *e>ful ! :ole "t4 ,8 ,lord%ip !n told me1 t he _h enjoy$ p]fect heal? s9ce he s5t 8 case to ! ,royal ,society2 t he ?\ght x probable !re 0 /ill a /one 9 8 bladd]1 b s dim9i%$1 or smoo!d1 z to give him no uneas9ess2 t he did n ?9k x safe to g ab\t ! /reets ( ,london 9 a coa*1 b t he w5t e :]e 9 a *air2 & t1 9 ! c\ntry1 he c\ld travel #dj miles a day 9 8 po/-*aise1 )\t fatigue1 or feel+ any ( 8 old pa9s ^u ! motion4 ,t he cont9u$ to dr9k1 = a con/ancy1 ?ree p9ts ( oy/]%ell lime-wat] daily2 & to take1 z (t51 f half an ounce to a :ole ounce ( soap1 by way ( l5itive4 ,all ^! circum/ances ,i am sure (1 because ,i not$ !m d[n :5 ,i came home4 ,f ?is "t to ! beg9n+ ( w9t]1 ,"l ,walpole 7z ,mr4 ,graham1 8 apo!c>y1 in=m$ me7 cont9u$ 9 ! same /ate ( heal?2 b "s "t aft] com+ to t[n1 8 ,lord%ip 0 seiz$ ) a l+]+ fev]i% disord]1 v mu* affect+ 8 spirits1 b intirely unconnect$ ) ! /one4 ,dr4 ,%aw1 :o att5d$ 8 ,lord%ip = ab\t a =tnight be=e 8 dea?1 told me1 t !re _h nev] be5 any /oppage ( wat]1 or pass+ ( bloody ur9e1 or any pa9 ab\t 8 bladd] or kidneys1 dur+ 8 la/ illness2 b t he n[ & !n felt "s irritation 9 mak+ wat]1 a symptom too inconsid]able to require any o!r m$ic9e ?an ! cont9uation ( 8 lime-wat]2 :i*1 9 small] quantity1 he drank till )9 two or ?ree days ( 8 end4 ,mr4 ,ranby & ,mr4 ,hawk9s1 surgeons1 ) ,mr4 ,graham1 7 pres5t at ! op5+ ( ! body2 & f ! two la/ ,i receiv$ ! acc\nt ( ! dissection4 ,! coats ( ! bladd] appe>$ to be a little ?ick] ?an natural1 b 7 o!rwise s\nd4 ,! gl&ula pro/ata 0 ( a l>ge size1 b n di/emp]$4 ,!y f\nd ?ree calculi1 two ly+ loose 9 ! bladd]1 & ! o!r1 a v small "o1 /ick+ 9 ! passage1 at t "p1 :i* is surr\nd$ by ! pro/ate gl&4 ,mr4 ,graham fav\r$ me ) a sight ( !m all4 ,! two fir/ 7 v mu* alike1 be+ ( ! %ape & size ( ! k]nel ( a ,spani% nut2 only ! sides 7 irregul>ly flatt5$1 b )\t =m+ any %>p angle4 ,! surface ( ea* 0 e :]e smoo?1 except :]e !re _h be5 a sep>ation ( "s small scales1 n s ?ick z "o's nail2 & ! l>ge/ exfoliation f "o ( ^! /ones appe>$ to h be5 ne>ly ab\t ! bread? ( ! nail ( my little f+]4 ,! poli% o!rwise1 z well z ! col\r ( bo?1 might be comp>$ to a boy's m>ble4 ,"o ( ^! calculi weigh$ #ba gra9s1 ! o!r #bb gra9s3 !y 7 heavy = t bulk1 & seem+ly ( a h>d sub/ance4 ,! smalle/ /one hav+ be5 put up ) "s o!rs ( ! same size1 tak5 out ( ! gall-bladd]1 ,mr4 ,graham c\ld n be positive :i* ( !m x 02 & !re=e ,i c only say1 t :at he ?\ght mo/ likely to be s1 0 ab\t ! size & %ape ( ! se$ ( an apple1 ) ! po9t brok5 (f1 & ! edge ragg$4 ,?is1 z ,i obs]v$1 0 f\nd 9 ! passage1 seem$ to be com+ away1 & probably _h occasion$ t irritation ! pati5t _h n[ & !n felt dur+ 8 la/ illness4 ,x weigh$ only ab\t a gra94 ,no p>ts c\ld h a s\nd] appe>ance ?an bo? ! uret]s & kidneys4 ,! fir/ 7 n dilat$2 nor did ! la/ conta9 any /one1 mucus1 or gravel3 ! pelvis 9 ea* 0 ( a natural size4 ,! re/ ( ! abdom9al visc]a 7 9 ! same heal?ful /ate1 except ! gall-bladd]1 :i* 0 full ( /ones4 ,! l>ge/ 0 ab\t ! size ( a small *esnut1 b r\nd]4 ,! surface 0 smoo?1 p>ticul>ly at "o "p1 :]e x seem$ to h rubb$ ^u a less] calculus1 ( ! %ape ( "o ( ! v]tebr ( a small animal1 )\t ! processes4 ,?is la/ _h a holl[ on ea* side correspond+ to ! convexity ( ! l>ge /one2 & ^! cavities be+ f9ely poli%$1 x seem$ z if sometimes "o side1 sometimes ! o!r1 ( ! small /one _h be5 turn$ to ! great "o1 & _h be5 %ap$ 9 t mann] by ! attrition4 ,! l>ge/ calculus weigh$ "o dra*m two scruples & two gra9s2 ! small "o b n9e gra9s3 !y bo? sunk 9 wat]2 & felt specifically heavi] ?an any /ones ,i h ev] se5 tak5 out ( ! gall-bladd]4 ,besides ^! two1 !re 7 sev]al v small calculi ( irregul> %apes1 & ( r\gh surfaces1 :i* all toge!r did n weigh above five gra9s4 ,mr4 ,graham1 :o _h att5d$ 8 ,lord%ip = ab\t #dj ye>s1 assur$ me1 t he nev] _h any symptom t indicat$ a /oppage ( ! bile1 or ! passage ( a /one f ! gall-bladd] into ! inte/9es4 ,nei!r ! head nor brea/ 7 op5$4 ,^! are all ! mat]ials1 ,i c furni% y )1 relat+ to ?is case4 ,if y desire to be m p>ticul>ly in=m$ ( any ( ^! circum/ances1 let me "k1 & ,i w endeav\r to procure y all ! lights ,i c4 ,9 ! mean :ile1 ,i %\ld be glad to h y\r rem>ks ^u :at ,i h n[ s5t y2 & s9ce y h be5 s long 9 ! tra9 ( ?9k+1 ) m ?an usual att5tion1 on ?is subject1 ,i presume x w\ld be v agreeable to ! g5tlem5 ( ! ,royal ,society to h a pap] f y on ?is occasion2 & ! r1 z 8 ,lord%ip began 8 c\rse ( soap & lime-wat]1 ^u he>+ ( y\r success by t me?od ( cure4 ,i am1 ,,sir1 c4 ,john ,pr+le4 ,,ii4 ,"s ,obs]vations on ! ,case ( ! late ,"r ,hon\rable ,"l ,walpole1 ( ,woolt]ton3 ,9 a ,lett] to ,dr4 ,john ,pr+le1 ,f4,r4,s4 ,by ,rob]t ,:ytt1 ,m4,d4 ,f4,r4,s4 ,read ,april #ba1 #ageg4 ,ed9burgh1 ,m>* #af4 #ageg4 ,,sir1 ,p,hysicians h n1 p]haps1 diff]$ m widely 9 any ?+1 ?an 9 _! op9ions ( ! m$ic9es lately propos$ = ! cure ( ! /one4 ,:ile "s imag9$1 t ,mrs4 ,/eph5s's m$ic9es1 or soap & lime-wat]1 7 9 mo/ cases to accompli% a dissolution ( ! /one2 o!rs h be5 positive1 t no?+ ( ?is k9d 0 to be expect$ f !m3 nay1 !y h condemn$ ^! m$ic9es1 :5 us$ 9 l>ge quantities1 & long p]si/$ 91 z hurtful to ! /oma*1 guts1 & ur9>y passages2 & h ascrib$ ! rem>kable ease1 :i* !y almo/ always give to calcul\s pati5ts1 to _! deposit+ a calc>i\s p[d] ^u ! surface ( ! /one1 by :i* x is r5d]$ less hurtful to ! bladd]4 ,& ?is op9ion seems to h be5 n a little /r5g!n$1 by ! great quantity ( :ite s$im5t obs]v$ 9 ! ur9e ( ^? pati5ts1 :o h us$ soap & lime-wat] 9 consid]able quantities4 ,n[1 z ,i am ( op9ion1 t mo/ ( ^! objections & d\bts1 conc]n+ ! effects ( soap & lime-wat] 9 ! cure ( ! /one1 may be cle>$ by a c&id consid]ation ( ,"l ,walpole's case1 ,i %all tr\ble y ) a few rem>ks1 :i* h occurr$ to me1 9 comp>+ x ) ! appe>ances f\nd 9 8 ,lord%ip's body aft] dea?1 ( :i* y 7 s oblig+ z to s5d me a p>ticul> acc\nt4 #a4 ,:atev] d\bts may h be5 ent]ta9$ conc]n+ ! cause ( ,"l ,walpole's compla9ts1 yet x n[ appe>s evid5tly beyond dispute1 t !y mu/ h be5 ow+1 n to a scorbutic corrosive hum\r 9 8 bladd]1 z 0 imag9$ by "s#abe1 b to /ones lodg$ 9 x4 ,^! /ones may possibly h la9 !re s9ce #agcd2 = f t "t to spr+ #agdg1 8 ,lord%ip 0 free ( any graveli% compla9ts1 only pass+ "s r$ s& at times4 ,b at :at "t soev] !y may h fir/ arriv$ 9 ! bladd]1 9 #agdg & #agdh !y seem to h acquir$ su* a bulk1 or 7 become s r\gh or po9t$ 9 _! surface1 z to occasion great pa91 frequ5t provocations to ur9e1 & sometimes bloody ur9e2 especially aft] any consid]able motion4 ,^! compla9ts1 h[ev]1 7 soon reliev$1 by swall[+ daily an ounce ( ,alicant soap1 & ?ree ,engli% p9ts ( lime-wat] made ) calc9$ oy/]-%ells2 & f #agdh to #ageg 8 ,lord%ip 0 kept almo/ intirely free f any return ( !m1 except = "s mon?s ( #agej & #agea1 dur+ :i* he took only "o-?ird "p ( ! quantity ( soap & lime-wat] above-m5tion$#abf4 #b4 ,x is highly probable1 nay1 ,i ?9k1 altoge!r c]ta91 t ! soap & lime-wat] n only reliev$ ,"l ,walpole ( ! pa9ful symptoms occasion$ by ! /ones 9 8 bladd]1 b also prev5t$ _! increase4 ,if ^! /ones came into ! bladd] 9 #agcd1 !y mu/1 9 s _m ye>s z 8 ,lord%ip liv$ aft] ?is1 h acquir$ a v great bulk3 nay1 if we suppose !m n to h be5 lodg$ 9 ! bladd] above a ye> be=e !y began to occasion frequ5t incl9ation to make ur9e1 ) pa91 & sometimes sudd5 /oppages ( ur9e2 yet1 f #agdf to #ageg1 !y ought to h gr[n to a mu* l>g] size ?an t ( ! k]nel ( a ,spani% nut#abg4 ',tis true1 ! /one may increase fa/] 9 "s pati5ts1 & sl[] 9 o!rs2 b /ones1 aft] rema9+ a doz5 or m ye>s 9 ! bladd]1 g5]ally weigh sev]al ounces4 ,"s ye>s s9ce l saw a /one1 weigh+ ne> six ounces1 tak5 f a boy ( no m ?an #ad ye>s ( age4 #c4 ,"l ,walpole's case n only %ews ! p[] ( soap & lime-wat] to relieve ! pa9ful symptoms1 & prev5t ! increase1 ( ! /one 9 ! bladd]1 b also makes x probable1 t ^! m$ic9es d communicate to ! ur9e a p[] ( dissolv+ ! /one4 ,9 ! beg9n+ ( #agdi 8 ,lord%ip void$ ) 8 ur9e a calcul\s sub/ance ( a flat %ape1 ab\t ! bigness ( a silv] p5ny1 & cov]$ ) a s(t :ite mucus#abh2 & ^u ! surfaces ( ! /ones f\nd 9 8 bladd] !re 7 "s inequalities1 :i* seem$ to h be5 made by ! sep>ation ( ?9 lamell or scales4 ,fur!r1 ! small /one f\nd 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! ure?ra mu/ h be5 9 a dissolv+ /ate1 & consid]ably less5$ 9 ! bulk3 =1 if x _h la9 long 9 ! bladd]1 & nev] be5 l>g]1 x ought to h be5 void$ ?ro' ! ure?ra ) ! ur9e2 & x c\ld n h arriv$ lately 9 ! bladd]1 s9ce ,"l ,walpole _h n _h1 = sev]al ye>s be=e 8 dea?1 any nephritic pa9s1 or symptoms ( /ones pass+ f ! kidnies2 & s9ce x is n likely1 t a /one ( ! size & %ape ( ! se$ ( an apple#abi w\ld pass ?ro' ! uret]s )\t be+ felt4 ,n[ if ?is small /one1 f\nd 9 ! ure?ra1 0 p>tly dissolv$ by ! virtue ( ! soap & lime-wat]2 x w appe> at lea/ probable1 t ! two l>g] /ones 9 ! bladd] 7 s likewise4 ,b al?o' ,"l ,watpole's calcul\s concretions _h rema9$ undim9i%$1 & )\t any symptoms ( dissolution2 x w\ld n !re=e foll[1 t soap & lime-wat] _c dissolve ! /one 9 o!r pati5ts1 :]e ! concretion may be ( a less firm texture4 ,! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,ri*>d ,newcome1 n[ ,"l ,bi%op ( ,ll&aff1 :ile dr9k+ two ,engli% qu>ts ( lime-wat] daily1 = ! cure ( ! /one 9 8 bladd]1 p\r$ 8 ur9e e morn+ & ev5+ ^u a piece ( human calculus weigh+ #ca gra9s2 by :i*1 9 ! space ( f\r mon?s1 x 0 r$uc$ to ?ree pieces1 weigh+ 9 all only six gra9s4 ,^u "o ( ^! pieces1 weigh+ #b4ca gra9s1 he caus$ to be daily p\r$1 = two mon?s1 ! fre% ur9e ( a p]son1 :o drank no lime-wat]2 at ! end ( :i* "t ! piece ( calculus 0 f\nd to weigh #b4ef gra9s1 hav+ increas$ 9 weight a qu>t] ( a gra94 ,?is same piece be+ aft]w>ds /eep$ 9 ! bi%op's ur9e 7:o cont9u$ to dr9k lime-wat] z above71 f ,june #bd? to ,july #i?1 0 9 ^! few days q crumbl$ into p[d]4 ,s9ce ?is exp]im5t %ews1 beyond dispute1 t lime-wat]1 unassi/$ by soap1 c communicate to ! ur9e a p[] ( dissolv+ ! /one out ( ! body1 x c sc>cely be d\bt$1 t x mu/ h ! l effect on x1 :5 lodg$ 9 ! bladd]4 ,& t ! dissolution ( ! /one 9 ! bladd] has be5 complet$ by soap alone1 appe>$ evid5tly 9 ! case ( ! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,mat!w ,simson1 ,m9i/] ( ,pancaitl& ne> ,ed9burgh2 an acc\nt ( :i* w soon be made public#acj by ,dr4 ,au/91 :o op5$ 8 body aft] dea?4 ,mr4 ,simson _h1 f #agcj1 be5 afflict$ 9 a less or great] degree ) ! symptoms ( a /one 9 ! bladd]2 & 9 ,novemb] #agce 0 s\nd$ by ,dr4 ,drummond ( ,p]?1 & ,mr4 ,bald]/on1 surgeon 9 ?is city1 by :om a /one 0 n only pla9ly felt1 b also by ! pati5t himself4 ,9 ,febru>y #agcg he began to take soap2 & aft] #agdc nev] _h any graveli% symptoms4 ,he di$ 9 ,may #agef2 &1 :5 8 bladd] 0 look$ into1 !re 0 nei!r /one nor gravel f\nd 9 x4 #d4 ,x appe>s f ,"l ,walpole's case1 t soap & lime-wat]1 ev5 :5 tak5 9 l>ge quantities1 proce$ v sl[ly 9 dissolv+ ! /one4 ,f ,july #agdh1 to ! beg9n+ ( #ageg1 8 ,lord%ip drank ?ree ,engli% p9ts ( lime-wat]1 & swall['d = ! mo/ "p an ounce ( soap1 daily2 except f ,april #agej to ,june #agea1 dur+ :i* "t he took only "o p9t ( lime-wat]1 & "o-?ird "p ( an ounce ( soap1 daily4 ,h[ev] spe$ily soap & lime-wat] may dissolve ! greate/ "p ( ur9>y /ones out ( ! body1 yet be+ mix$ ) ! alim5t & hum\rs ( ! /oma* & guts1 & aft]w>ds ) ! :ole mass ( blood1 x is impossible b _! =ce mu/ be greatly impair$ be=e !y arrive ) ! ur9e at ! bladd]4 ,:51 !re=e1 ur9>y /ones are ( an uncommon h>d texture1 we are p]haps sc>cely to expect any s5sible dissolution ( !m by ! use ( soap & lime-wat]3 b :5 !y are ( a s(t] k9d1 !re is no reason to d\bt1 t ^! m$ic9es w 9 "t dissolve !m2 & ?is w happ5 soon] or lat]1 9 proportion to ! h>dness ( ! /one1 to ! quantity ( ! m$ic9es swall[$ by ! pati5t1 & ! exact regim5 he obs]ves1 z to diet#aca4 ,b h[ev] sl[ly soap & lime-wat] may proce$ 9 dissolv+ ! /one1 yet !y g5]ally give spe$y relief to ! pati5t4 ,"l ,walpole did n take ^! m$ic9es 9 ! full quantity till ! end ( ,july #agdh2 &1 9 a few mon?s aft]1 he 0 n only greatly reliev$ ( all 8 compla9ts1 b 9 ,decemb] 0 able to ride an hundr$ miles 9 8 coa*1 )\t f9d+ any uneas9ess1 al?o' ! two la/ days ( ! j\rney ! horses w5t at a full trot#acb4 ,9 w9t] #agej1 & spr+ #agea1 :5 8 ,lord%ip swall[$ only "o ?ird "p ( ! soap & lime-wat]1 :i* he _h be5 9 use to take1 8 pa9s & frequ5t incl9ation to make ur9e return$ 9 a good degree#acc2 b1 aft] tak+ ! m$ic9es 9 ! full quantity1 he soon became z easy z be=e#acd4 ,x w\ld seem1 :ile ,"l ,walpole us$ only "o p9t ( lime-wat] & "o ?ird ( an ounce ( soap daily1 t ! petrify+ quality ( 8 ur9e 0 n intirely de/roy$1 & t ! /ony p>ticles newly =m$ on ! surface ( ! calculi occasion$1 by _! r\ghness1 ! return ( 8 pa9ful symptoms4 ,h[ev]1 :5 he _h rec\rse to ! m$ic9es 9 a l>g] quantity1 ! petresc5t quality ( 8 ur9e 0 n only de/roy$1 b ?is fluid seems to h acquir$ a p[] ( dissolv+ ! r\gh /ony p>ticles deposit$ on ! surface ( ! calculi2 & 9 ?is way soon remov$ ! pa91 bloody ur9e1 & frequ5t desire to make wat]1 ^u us+ any consid]able ex]cise4 ,soap & lime-wat] n only relieve ! pa9ful symptoms occasion$ by ! /one1 by we>+ (f its %>p po9ts1 & r\gh] p>ts1 :i* us$ to irritate ! t5d] membrane1 :i* l9es ! bladd]2 b1 :5 ?is membrane has be5 w\nd$ or lac]at$ by ! /one1 !re is no?+1 t w heal x m spe$ily ?an lime-wat]2 :i* ! +5i\s ,dr4 ,langri% has f\nd to be rem>kable also = its effects 9 cur+ ! bladd]s ( dogs1 aft] be+ frett$ ) soap-lees#ace4 ,! p[] ( soap & lime-wat] to alleviate ! pa9ful symptoms att5d+ ! /one is s great1 t1 z f> z ,i rememb]1 ,i h only met ) "o pati5t1 :o did n f9d himself consid]ably reliev$ by !m4 ,b x is to be obs]v$1 t ?is pati5t nei!r took !m 9 full quantity1 nor p]si/$ 9 _! use = a long en\gh "t3 &1 :5 he 0 aft]w>ds cut1 ! /one tak5 out ( 8 bladd] 0 almo/ z ?ick set ) %>p prickles1 z ! back ( an h$gehog3 s t1 9 ?is case1 no rem>kable ease c\ld be procur$ to ! pati5t by ! m$ic9es1 until !y _h q dissolv$ ^! %>p po9ts1 & r5d]$ ! surface ( ! /one smoo? & equal2 :i* 0 n to be done b aft] a v long "t1 especially z ! /one 0 ( a pretty h>d texture4 ,x may be prop] to take notice1 t :51 along ) ! /one1 !re is any ulc]ation 9 ! bladd]1 soap does mis*ief1 & lime-wat] (t5 fails ( giv+ any consid]able relief4 ,h[ev]1 ev5 9 ?is case x is p]haps "o ( ! be/ rem$ies we "k4 #e4 ,soap & lime-wat]1 tak5 9 l>ge quantities1 & p]si/$ 9 = _m ye>s toge!r1 appe> to be innoc5t1 & no way injuri\s to heal?4 ,"l ,walpole1 :o us$ ^! m$ic9es = upw>ds ( eight ye>s1 0 n only reliev$ ( ! pa9ful symptoms ( ! /one1 b _h 8 heal? improv$ by !m 9 o!r respects#acf4 ,8 appetite1 heal?ful look1 & a degree ( spirits uncommon at 8 age1 cont9u$ till ! end ( #agef1 :5 8 la/ illness beg9 to attack him4 ,& z 8 heal? did n appe> to be any way injur$ by ^! m$ic9es1 s1 :]e 8 body 0 op5$ aft] dea?1 8 kidneys & uret]s 7 obs]v$ to be q s\nd & natural1 z 0 likewise 8 bladd]2 only its coats appe>$ a little ?ick] ?an usual1 ow+ probably to ! long-cont9u$ friction ( ! /ones ^u x4 ,nei!r ! kidneys1 uret]s1 nor bladd]1 7 load$ or cru/$ ) any calc>i\s matt]2 an effect mo/ unju/ly ascrib$ to soap & lime-wat]1 s9ce 9 ! ur9>y passages1 to :i* ! air has no access1 !y _c deposite _! calc>i\s "p#acg2 & s9ce ! :ite /uff obs]vable 9 ! ur9e ( su* pati5ts1 z take ^! m$ic9es 9 l>ge quantities1 is only ! usual s$im5t ( ! ur9e *ang$ 9 its nature & col\r1 )1 p]haps1 "s ( ! dissolv$ p>ticles ( ! /one#ach4 ,z ! ur9>y passages 7 no-way injur$1 s nei!r 7 ! /oma*1 guts1 & o!r visc]a ( ! l[] belly4 ,^! _h all a heal?ful appe>ance1 except ! gall-bladd]1 :i* 0 almo/ full ( bili>y concretions3 nor is x surpris+1 t soap & lime-wat]1 :i* prev5t ! gr[? ( ur9>y calculi1 %\ld h no effect on bili>y /ones1 s9ce1 al?o' ^! m$ic9es dissolve ! =m] out ( ! body1 yet !y d n make ! smalle/ impression on ! latt]4 ,i presume x w be ne$less to take notice1 t ! l+]+ n]v\s fev]1 ( :i* ,"l ,walpole di$1 _c1 ) any col\r ( reason1 be ascrib$ to ! l>ge use ( soap & lime-wat]2 s9ce1 if !y c\ld h produc$ su* an effect1 !y mu/ h done x 9 mu* less "t ?an eight ye>s & an half4 ,x may n be amiss to obs]ve1 t al?o' soap & lime-wat]1 tak5 9 l>ge quantities1 are no-way injuri\s to heal?1 yet 9 "s cases !y may become improp]1 on acc\nt ( ! p>ticul> /ate ( ! pati5t4 ,?us1 9 a scorbutic or putrid disposition ( ! hum\rs1 soap at lea/ ought to be totally omitt$2 & su* pati5ts1 :o are mu* tr\bl$ ) ! hmorrhoids1 ought to be sp>+ 9 its use1 z ! alkal9e salt1 ) :i* x ab\nds1 w sc>cely fail to exasp]ate _! pa94 ,:]e ! pati5t is naturally v co/ive1 less lime-wat] & m soap ought to be us$2 &1 on ! contr>y1 :]e ! body is too loose1 little or no soap is to be tak51 b ! cure is to be tru/$ to lime-wat] alone2 :i*1 9 ?is case1 ought to be drank to ! quantity ( two ,engli% qu>ts a day4 ,z ! =ego+ obs]vations w1 ,i am afraid1 appe> m t$i\s ?an important1 ,i %all only add1 t ,i am1 ) great e/eem1 ,,sir1 ,y\r mo/ ob$i5t humble ,s]vant1 ,rob]t ,:ytt4 ,,iii4 ,read ,april #ba1 #ageg4 ,dr4 ,pr+le's ,pap] read aft] ,dr4 ,:ytt's ,lett]4 ,,dr4 ,pr+le begs leave to in=m ! ,society1 t hav+ read ! copy ( 8 lett]1 )9 ^! few days1 to ,dr4 ,%aw1 ,mr4 ,hawk9s1 & ,mr4 ,graham1 ^? g5tlem5 f\nd 8 acc\nt agreeable to _! sev]al obs]vations2 only ,mr4 ,graham took notice1 t1 ( late ye>s1 ,"l ,walpole1 9 8 j\rnies to ,norfolk1 _h twice void$ "s blood ) 8 ur9e1 b ) little uneas9ess2 & t at o!r times _h pass$ "s s& & /ony p>ticles 7?o' nev] l>g] ?an ! head ( a small p971 att5d$ ) frett+s ( ! p>ts1 sc>ce pa9ful4 ,b ,mr4 ,graham 0 n sure1 :e!r ^! accid5ts 7 prior or subsequ5t to ! sequel ( ! case1 communicat$ to ! ,society by 8 ,lord%ip4 ,dr4 ,pr+le ?9ks x may be likewise prop] to acqua9t ! ,society ) ano!r circum/ance 9 ,"l ,walpole's case1 :i* he _h bo? f ,dr4 ,%aw & ,mr4 ,graham1 viz4 t aft] us+ ! soap & lime-wat] = "s "t1 8 ,lord%ip 0 fre$ f a v ob/9ate dry & scurfy eruption1 :i* _h resi/$ sev]al o!r m$ic9es4 ,b z !re 7 no m>ks ( a putrid scurvy 7t species expressly allud$ to t[>ds ! end ( ,dr4 ,:ytt's lett]7 ! ,society w easily und]/&1 h[ ! li?ontriptic m$ic9es may be prejudicial to "o tr\bl$ ) ! true putrid scurvy 7su* z is mo/ incid5t to sailors7 & yet n be improp] = ^?1 t are subject to ! scurfy eruptions1 :i* are commonly1 ?o' errone\sly1 call$ scorbutic4 ,pall-,mall1 #bj ,april1 #ageg4 ,,xxvii4 ,an ,acc\nt ( ! ,virtues ( ,soap 9 dissolv+ ! ,/one1 9 ! ,case ( ! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,mat!w ,simson4 ,communicat$ by ,john ,pr+le1 ,m4,d4 ,f4,r4,s4 ,to ! ,rev4 ,?o4 ,bir*1 ,d4,d4 ,f4,r4,s4 ,read ,april #bh1 #ageg4 ,,sir1 ,a ,few days ago ,i receiv$ f ,dr4 ,au/91 physician at ,ed9burgh1 ! case ( ! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,simson1 drawn up by himself1 9 ! =m ( a lett] to ,dr4 ,au/92 & :i* y may rememb] 0 allud$ to by ,dr4 ,:ytt1 9 ! pap] read at ! la/ meet+ ( ! ,society4 ,z ,i am at lib]ty to communicate ?is acc\nt to o!rs1 ,i ?\ght x w\ld n be unacceptable to ! g5tlem5 ( ! ,society1 to h ano!r well-atte/$ in/ance laid be=e !m ( ! virtues ( soap 9 dissolv+ ! /one1 or1 at lea/1 9 remov+ all ^? pa9ful symptoms1 :i* usually accompany t di/emp]4 ,to ! pati5t's own n>ration ,i h subjo9$ an extract f ,dr4 ,au/9's lett] to me1 conta9+ ! sequel ( ! case f ! date ( ,mr4 ,simson's lett] to 8 dea?2 ) an acc\nt ( ! /ate ( 8 bladd]1 z x appe>$ to ,dr4 ,au/9 ^u dissection4 ,i am1 ,,sir1 ,y\r mo/ ob$i5t humble ,s]vant1 ,john ,pr+le4 ,pall-,mall1 #bg ,april1 #ageg4 ,a ,lett] f ! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,simson1 ,m9i/] at ,p5caitl&1 to ,dr4 ,adam ,au/91 ,physician 9 ,ed9burgh4 ,read ,april #bh1 #ageg4 ,de> ,sir1 ,a,ccording to y\r desire1 ,i s5d y ! hi/ory ( my case2 :i* is z foll[s3 ,i 0 ( an heal?y con/itution till ! ye> #agcj1 :5 ,i 0 seiz$ ) a frequ5t incl9ation to make wat]1 )\t any previ\s pa9 9 ! kidneys or uret]s4 ,?is symptom cont9u$ till ! ye> #agcc1 )\t giv+ me mu* uneas9ess4 ,9 ,june #agcc1 z ,i 0 rid+ f ,ed9burgh to my own h\se at ,p5caitl&1 ,i 0 seiz$ ) a great difficulty & pa9 9 mak+ wat]1 :i* w5t (f :5 ,i got home4 ,9 ! mon? ( ,july1 hav+ aga9 got on horseback1 ,i 0 seiz$ ) ! same compla9t1 b m viol5t2 = !n "s drops ( blood came away4 ,f ?is "t1 if ,i rode eight or t5 miles1 ,i pass$ "s blood1 b )\t pa94 ,9 ,septemb] ,i made a j\rney ( #fj miles on horseback2 b e two miles 0 oblig$ to dism\nt1 & made "s bloody wat]4 ,i cont9u$ mu* 9 ! same way all ! ye> #agcd1 z ! prec$+2 only _h "o additional compla9t1 ( a pa9 9 ! glans aft] mak+ wat]1 & likewise 9 ! neck ( ! bladd]4 ,! only ?+ ,i did = x 01 to dr9k pl5tifully ( w>m milk & wat]2 & gave ov] rid+1 on acc\nt ( ! bloody ur9e4 ,9 ! mon? ( ,augu/ ,i 0 s\nd$ by my nephew1 ,dr4 ,simson1 pr(essor ( m$ic9e 9 ! univ]sity ( ,/4 ,&rew's2 b he f\nd no /one1 :i* he attribut$ to a wrong po/ure ,i 0 91 :5 he s\nd$ me4 ,dur+ ! w9t]1 if ,i walk$ m ?an usual1 ,i 0 sure to h a return ( ! bloody ur9e & /rangury4 ,9 ,novemb] #agce1 ,i 0 s\nd$ by ,mr4 ,bald]/one1 surgeon1 9 ,ed9burgh1 a g5tleman v exp]t 9 t op]ation1 & likewise by ,dr4 ,drummond ( ,p]?%ire4 ,!y bo? di/9ctly felt a /one3 & ,i myself took hold ( ! ca!t]1 :5 x 0 9 my bladd]1 & felt ! /one z di/9ctly1 z if x _h be5 9 my h&4 ,ab\t ,*ri/mas ,i 0 seiz$ ) a pa9 along ! left uret]1 & viol5t vomit+s2 b1 ^u us+ a turp5t9e cly/] & opiates1 x w5t (f4 ,dur+ ! ye> #agcf1 ,i cont9u$ mu* ! same z ! prec$+ ye>1 always dr9k+ great pl5ty ( milk & wat]2 :i* gave me great relief1 z to ! bloody ur9e4 ,i 0 advis$ by my nephew1 ,dr4 ,simson1 to g to ,london1 & be cut by ,mr4 ,*eseld52 ! re/ ( my fri5ds advis+ me to be cut by ,mr4 ,smi?1 a li?otomi/ at ,p]?4 ,h[ev]1 ,i def]r$ ! op]ation1 & cont9u$ mu* ! same all ! ye> #agcg1 hav+ sev]e fits n[ & !n4 ,9 ! ye> #agch ,sir ,alex&] ,gibson1 ( ,addi/on1 in=m$ me1 t he _h be5 9 my condition1 _h pass$ sev]al small /ones1 & _h f\nd incr$ible s]vice f ! use ( soap pills3 =1 f n be+ able to get out ( b$1 9 ! space ( two mon?s aft] us+ ! soap he 0 able to g a hunt+4 ,h[ev]1 = "s "t ,i 0 afraid to try ! soap1 n kn[+ :at effects x might h on a confirm$ /one2 ,sir ,alex&] ,gibson's case be+ only t ( small /ones4 ,b ! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,lundie1 ( ,salton1 by exp]im5ts conv9c$ me ( ! efficacy ( soap 9 dissolv+ a confirm$ /one out ( ! bladd]2 = ! /one gradually grew smoo!r & smoo!r1 & at la/ 0 q dissolv$4 ,on ! #ab? ( ,febru>y #agci1 ,i fir/ began ! use ( ! soap1 & 9 ! beg9n+ took only a dra*m 9 ! #bd h\rs4 ,! fir/ week x made me a little qualmi%3 h[ev]1 ,i gradually increas$ ! dose2 s t 9 six weeks ,i took six dra*ms a day1 )\t its disagree+ 9 ! lea/ ) me4 ,i made x up into pills1 & wa%$ !m d[n ) a draught ( w>m milk & wat]4 ,f ! "t ,i began to use ! soap1 my graveli% symptoms gradually abat$2 b1 ^u walk+ two or ?ree miles1 ,i made bloody ur9e4 ,h[ev]1 t symptom gradually abat$2 & 9 ! ye> #agdc all ! symptoms ( a /one q vani%$1 insomu* t ,i c\ld walk1 ride1 or g 9 a ma*9e1 z well z ev]4 ,f ,febru>y #agci1 to ,july #agdc1 ,i took e day five or six dra*ms ( soap3 b aft] t "t ,i dim9i%$ ! dose to half an ounce2 & nev] aft] _h any return ( a graveli% symptom1 ?o' ,i /ill imag9e ! /one is n intirely dissolv$2 = aft] sitt+ "s "t1 ,i f9d z x 7 some?+ come to ! neck ( ! bladd]1 b :i* gives me no uneas9ess4 ,?is1 ,sir1 accord+ to ! be/ ( my memory1 is my case3 & if x c be ( any b5efit to y1 9 ! cure ( ?is pa9ful disease1 x w give great pleasure to1 ,de> ,sir1 ,y\r mo/ ob$i5t ,s]vant1 ,mat!w ,simson4 ,nov4 #bj?1 #agdi4 ,! ,extract f ,dr4 ,au/9's ,lett] to ,dr4 ,pr+le4 ,read ,april #bh1 #ageg4 ,,! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,simson's lett] to me z writt5 9 ! ye> #agdi2 ab\t :i* "t he told me1 t he _h ridd5 #dj miles 9 a day1 )\t any bad symptom ensu+4 ,9 ! ye> #ageb he broke 8 ?igh-bone at ! neck2 by a fall f 8 horse1 & cont9u$ = six weeks 9 great pa92 b aft] t "t he grew easi]1 & 0 able to put 8 foot to ! gr\nd4 ,"o day1 z 8 s]vant 0 help+ him to walk across ! room1 he let him fall2 ^u :i* ,mr4 ,simson felt a sev]e pa93 ! brok5 leg became !n evid5tly %ort] ?an ! o!r2 & by t mis=tune he 0 conf9$ to 8 b$ = ne> two ye>s4 ,h[ev]1 ab\t six mon?s be=e he di$1 he 0 s well recov]$1 z to be able to g to *ur*1 & to p]=m div9e s]vice4 ,ab\t ! beg9n+ ( ,may #agef1 ,mr4 ,simson 0 seiz$ ) a di>rha1 :i* resi/$ all m$ic9e1 & c>ri$ him (f 9 ! #hc;d ye> ( 8 age4 ,f ! date ( 8 lett] to 8 dea? he _h nev] discont9u$ ! use ( ! soap 7except dur+ ! "t ( 8 la/ illness71 ?o' he _h n be5 tr\bl$ ) any pa9ful symptom ( a /one s9ce ! ye> #agdc4 ,i obta9$ leave ( 8 fri5ds to op5 ! body1 b f\nd no /one or gravel 9 ! bladd]2 t "p appe>+ to be1 9 e respect1 9 a natural /ate1 except at ! neck1 :]e ! coats seem$ to be s*irr\s1 & 7 ab\t a qu>t] ( an in* ?ick4 ,x is probable1 t ! /one _h be5 ( a s(t] texture1 & m easily dissolv$1 ?an ord9>y2 o!rwise five or six dra*ms ( soap tak5 daily1 ev5 = s long a "t1 c\ld n h dissolv$ x intirely2 = _m h us$ t m$ic9e 9 mu* l>g] doses1 & at ! same "t h drank lime-wat] pl5tifully1 )\t obta9+ su* effects2 ?o' all _! pa9ful symptoms 7 remov$ by t c\rse1 z ,dr4 ,:ytt has %ewn 9 8 treatise on ?is subject4 ,i %all only add1 t ,mr4 ,simson's son1 :o is n[ m9i/] at ,fala1 0 pres5t at ! op5+ ( ! body1 & c atte/1 t !re 0 no /one f\nd 9 ! bladd]4 ,adam ,au/94 ,ed9burgh1 #ae ,april #ageg4 ,a ,lett] f ,dr4 ,adam ,drummond to ,dr4 ,adam ,au/91 relat+ to ! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,mat!w ,simson's ,case4 ,communicat$ by ,j4 ,pr+le1 ,m4,d4 ,f4,r4,s4 ,read ,june #bc1 #ageg4 ,i ,h y\rs2 & 0 pres5t :5 ,mr4 ,bald]/one s\nd$ ,mr4 ,simson2 & bo? ( u p]ceiv$1 v di/9ctly1 a l>ge /one3 & ,mr4 ,simson himself felt x2 :i* we 7 ! m sollicit\s he %\ld d1 z he 0 s\nd$ be=e by ,dr4 ,simson1 :o _h decl>$ !re 0 no /one4 ,b ! p>ticul> magnitude ( x we c\ld n well det]m9e at ! end ( a long ca!t]2 ?o' ,i rememb] ,mr4 ,bald]/one1 :o 0 well v]s$ 9 t bus9ess1 conjectur$ x to be pretty l>ge4 ,he 0 s\nd$ only once by u1 z ! ure?ra 0 a little hurt by turn+ ! ca!t]4 ,!re is only "o circum/ance 9 ! case1 :i* ,mr4 ,simson seems to h omitt$2 t1 f ! fir/ symptoms ( ! /one1 he pass$ a great deal ( mucus mix$ ) pus1 z well z blood2 & great quantities ( gritty r$ s&1 all 9 s+le gra9s1 nev] any concret$ into small /ones4 ,i take ! m notice ( ?is1 z ,i d n rememb]1 t1 aft] he us$ ! soap1 he ev] pass$ any s&1 b a good deal ( mucus1 9 :i* ! soap 0 discov]able by its fro?+4 ,c\ld ! gritty p>ticles ( s& be aga9 susp5d$ 9 ! ur9e1 s z to become invisible8 or 7 !y wrapt up 9 ! soapy liquid1 s z to escape obs]vation8 ,i h se5 sev]al /ones ( a s(t consi/5ce dissolv$ into mucilage by soap3 b ! s& pass$ by ,mr4 ,simson1 be=e he us$ ! soap1 seems to indicate 8 /one ( a h>d] nature1 ?o' inde$ x felt obtuse at ! end ( ! ca!t]4 ,i %all rejoice1 if _m in/ances ( ?is k9d are f\nd aft]w>ds3 b ?is seems to be ! only "o yet1 ( a /one 9 ! bladd] be+ dissolv$ by soap alone4 ,i am1 ,de> ,doctor1 ,y\r mo/ humble ,s]vant1 ,adam ,drummond4 ,b&e]an1 ,june #e4 #ageg4 ,,xxviii4 ,an ,acc\nt ( ! ,impressions ( ,plants on ! ,slates ( ,coals3 ,9 a ,lett] to ! ,"r ,hon\rable ,george ,e>l ( ,macclesfield1 ,presid5t ( ! ,r4,s4 f ,mr4 ,emanuel ,m5des da ,co/a1 ,f4,r4,s4 ,read ,april #bh1 #ageg4 ,my ,"l1 ,i ,h ! hon\r to address ?is lett] to y\r ,lord%ip1 9 ord] to be communicat$ to ! ,royal ,society1 if y\r ,lord%ip deems x wor?y ! att5tion ( t le>n$ & illu/ri\s assembly4 ,! impressions ( v>i\s k9ds ( plants are frequ5tly1 ,i might say always1 f\nd 9 "s ( ! /rata ly+ ov] coal2 b m p>ticul>ly 9 a /ratum ( e>?y slat1 :i*1 9 my ,hi/ory ( ,fossils1 page #afh4 ,species ,,iv4 ,i h synonym$ ,s*i/us t]re/ris nig] c>bon>ius1 & :i* always lies imm$iately ^u ! coal-/ratum1 n only 9 ! coal-pits ( ?is k+dom1 b ( _m o!r p>ts ( ,europe1 e4g4 ,france1 ,saxony1 ,bohemia1 ,silesia1 c4 ,mo/ ( ^! impressions1 my ,"l1 are ( ! h]b capill>es et aff9es1 ! gram9e\s1 & ! re$ tribes3 b1 h[ev]1 among !m _m r>e & beautiful impressions und\bt$ly ( vegetable orig91 & impress$ by plants hi!rto unkn[n to botani/s1 are n unfrequ5tly met )4 ,besides ^!1 my ,"l1 f\nd ov] coal-pits1 !re are likewise f\nd 9 "s p>ts ( ?is k+dom1 z at ,rob9hood's-bay 9 ,york%ire1 ,coalbrookdale 9 ,%rop%ire1 c4 _m curi\s impressions ( ! f]n tribe 9 regul> nodules ( iron-/one2 &1 9 ! latt] place1 n only impressions ( plants1 b ev5 ! cones or iuli ( "s k9ds ( trees are met )1 v p]fect & fair1 & curi\sly imb$d$ 9 masses ( iron-/one4 ,illu/ration3 ,philos4 ,trans4 ,vol4 ,l4 ,,tab4 ,v4 p4 #bbi4 ,j4 ,mynde sc4 ,! mo/ "p ( ! impressions ( f]ns1 grasses1 c4 are easily recognizable1 !y s m9utely tally to ! plants !y repres5t4 ,o!rs inde$1 ?o' !y d n exactly answ] any kn[n species1 yet h *>act]s s di/9ctly express$1 t !y are easily arrang$ "u _! respective g5]a#aci4 ,!re=e ,i %all n tr\ble y\r ,lord%ip ) any fur!r rem>ks on all su*1 b %all only t\* on ^? elegant & extraord9>y impressions1 probably ( unkn[n vegetables1 above-m5tion$3 = t !y are ! p>ts & impressions ( vegetables1 ,i ?9k cle>ly ev9c$1 if we att5tively & ) a philosophical m9d consid] !m1 & reflect on ! v>i\s circum/ances1 :i* att5d !m 9 ! places1 :]e !y n[ lie buri$4 ,i h !re=e ! hon\r1 my ,"l1 to exhibit ! draw+s ( sev5 su* extraord9>y impressions1 & ! fossiles !mselves1 = y\r ,lord%ip's & ?is le>n$ body's inspection 7,see ,,tab4 ,v474 ,! impressions figur$ ,n4 #a4 is f ,mr4 ,mytton's colli]ies at ,drilt1 ne> ,oswe/ry1 9 ,%rop%ire2 z are also ^? figur$ ,n4 #b1 #d1 & #g3 !y are f\nd sometimes two feet 9 l5g?1 & are g5]ally cov]$ ) a ?9 cru/ ( coal4 ,! specim9a ,dr4 ,woodw>d exhibits1 ,catalogue ,b1 pages #ajf1 #ajg4 specim9a q4 #bb4 & q4 #cb4 are analog\s to ?is1 ?o' n exactly ! same4 ,! ,doctor's fossiles 7 f ,haigh 9 ,lanca%ire2 & he imag9es ! impressions to be made by vegetables ( ! fir k9d4 ,volckman also1 9 8 ,silesia subt]ranea1 tab4 #bb4 fig4 #b4 figures a bran* ) a rhomboidal "w on x1 & ) ?ree long n>r[ leaves1 :i* seems ak9 to ?is impression4 ,n4 #b4 seems ( ! re$ tribe3 ! knobs plac$ 9 r[s1 :i* are l ! vesicles on ! qu]cus m>9a1 & "s o!r alg1 are v rem>kable4 ,woodw>d1 ,catalogue ,b4 page #i4 specim5 a4 #a4 exhibits an impression ak9 to ?is1 :i* he imag9es to be ( ! f]n k9d4 ,n4 #c4 f a coal-pit 9 ,york%ire4 ,i _c b ?9k ?is impression is ow+ to some:at ( ! fir k9d4 ,dr4 ,woodw>d1 :o exhibits su* a l impression1 ,catalogue ,b4 p4 #af4 specim5 a4 #ajh4 imag9es ! same3 8 words are1 8,! impression is mu* l :at might be made by ! bran*es ( ! common fir1 aft] ! leaves are fall5 or /ript (f40 ,n4 #d4 seems to be ( ! same k9d z ,n4 #b4 ,n4 #e4 ,?is extraord9>y impression is f ,mo/yn-colli]y 9 ,fl9t%ire4 ,x is a little obscur$2 b1 :5 att5tively view$1 exhibits a reticul> impression1 ! me%es :]e( are rhomboidal holl[s1 & ! sides ( ! rhombs1 or ! net-"w1 are rais$1 or 9 relief4 ,n4 #f4 is f ,newca/le4 ,volckman1 ibid1 "p #c4 tab4 #d4 fig4 #i4 seems to be ( ?is k9d4 ,n4 #g4 ,! same au?or1 ,volckman1 figures a some:at-l impression1 ibid4 fig4 #e4 ,only ^! sev5 extraord9>y impressions ,i h presum$1 my ,"l1 to treat ( at ?is pres5t "t2 b ,i h _m m 9 my cab9et equally curi\s1 "s few ( :i* ,i "h exhibit to ! ,society1 )\t tak+ any fur!r notice ( !m3 only ,i %all add1 t _m extraord9>y impressions occur 9 ,woodw>d's & o!r collections1 & _m are icon$ 9 au?ors1 wor?y ! att5tion ( ! curi\s4 ,^! impressions1 my ,"l1 are n only met ) 9 small pieces2 b l>ge evid5t bran*es1 "s feet 9 l5g?1 h be5 f\nd4 ,i h1 9 ! colli]ies ( ,d]by%ire1 frequ5tly trac$ bran*es ) 7:at seem$ to me7 long n>r[ leaves proce$+ f !m1 & p>ts ( o!r vegetables1 above a foot's l5g?3 b ! h>dness ( ! sub/ance !y are imm]s$ 9 r5d]s x impossible to get !m out )\t break+ !m to pieces#adj4 ,z ^! rema9s ( vegetables are v extraord9>y1 ,i w\ld recomm5d to ! curi\s 9 botany to take notice ( !m1 z an ,app5dix ,plant>um adhuc incognit>um4 ,= my "p1 ,i am s v little skill$ 9 botany1 t ,i h>dly presume to (f] my op9ion2 :i* is1 t !y are impressions & p>ts ( species ( ! firs & p9es1 ( ! ti?ymals1 ! c]eus's1 & o!r arboresc5t plants1 & ( l>ge re$s2 = "s ( ! said k9d are embelli%$ ) ribb$1 /udd$1 & reticulat$ works2 e4g4 ! ,h]cules' club1 or rubi facie s5ticosa planta ,lobelii1 describ$ by ,dr4 ,grew1 ,museum ,reg4 ,soc4 p4 #bba4 ! c]ei1 c4 ,i fur!r exhibit to ! ,society "s few specim9a ( iron-/ones ) cones or iuli imb$d$ 9 !m4 ,^!1 my ,"l1 are f ve9s ( ball iron-/one1 9 ! l&s ( ,"l ,g[]1 at ,ok5yate1 a village on ! ,roman road ( ,watl+-/reet2 & f ! iron-works at ,coalbrookdale 9 ,%rop%ire4 ,! cones are frequ5tly met ) 9 fragm5ts1 b r>ely s intire1 & are nev] f\nd b 9 ! /rata ( iron-/one4 ,i h add$ to ^! a figur$ fossile body1 mu* l a cone1 f\nd sometimes 9 our *alk-pits 9 ,engl&1 b *iefly 9 ! pits at ,*]ry-,h9ton 9 ,cambridge%ire4 ,dr4 ,woodw>d1 ,catalogue ,b4 p4 #bb4 specim5 b4 #gb4 calls !m cones seem+ to be ( ! l>ix2 & imag9es !y 7 n come to rip5ess or maturity4 ,!y c]ta9ly h "s resemblance to cones1 ?o' ,i mu* d\bt !m to be s2 b !y mo/ exactly resemble ! roots ( ! cyp]us rotundus vulg>is ( botani/s4 ,i %all f9i% ?is pap]1 my ,"l1 by acqua9t+ y\r ,lord%ip & ! ,society1 t ,i firmly believe ^! bodies to be ( ! vegetable orig91 buri$ 9 ! /rata ( ! e>? at ! "t ( ! univ]sal deluge record$ by ,moses4 ,x is1 ,i mu/ confess1 ) regret1 t ,i f9d !re are "s1 :o reject ! burial ( ^! bodies at t fatal cata/rophe1 b sub/itute p>tial deluges to acc\nt = x4 ,did ^? g5tlem5 consid]1 or maturely weigh1 ! _m rem>kable & /rong evid5ces ( an univ]sal deluge1 e-:]e obvi\s 9 ! b[els ( ! e>?1 !y c]ta9ly w\ld ab&on _! imag9>y sy/em3 =1 my ,"l1 x is n only ! imm5se quantities ( m>9e rema9s1 disp]s$ 9 all t]re/rial /rata1 :i* are to be consid]$ 7t circum/ance alone might give "s reason+ to _! sy/em ( p>tial deluges71 b ! foll[+ m weighty circum/ances are likewise to be add$ & flung into ! scale4 #a4 ,! heav+s1 displac+s1 trapp+s1 & breaks ( ! metallic ve9s1 & ! loads ( rubble1 met ) at va/ dep?s1 & :]e no m>9e rema9s 7 ev] f\nd2 & su* heav+s1 c4 are n r>e 9 metallic or m9]al works3 ( :i*1 to give y\r ,lord%ip an idea1 ,i h presum$ to sket* ! foll[+ plan ( su* a phnom5on4 ,illu/ration3 ,^! cross-loads are n unfrequ5t 9 ! m9es on ,nor? ,d[ns1 ne> ,r$ru?1 9 ,cornwall4 ,:eal-,widd5 copp]-"w !re1 9 #agej1 0 ab\t #fj fa?oms deep4 ,! load 0 #bj feet ov]2 & has _m cross-loads two or ?ree feet ov]1 :i* sometimes heave ! metallic load f "o to five or six fa?om4 ,^! cross-loads are g5]ally fill$ ) fragm5ts ( /one1 m9]als & o!r rubble4 #b4 ,if ^! effects proce$ f local deluges1 rec$+s ( ! sea1 gulphs att]rat$1 c4 we %\ld !n inde$ f9d m>9e rema9s3 b h[ w t acc\nt = ! va/ quantity ( rema9s ( t]re/rial vegetables & animals1 equally met )1 & 9 l mann] z ! m>9e rema9s1 9 ! b[els ( ! e>?8 ,&1 #c4 ,7 local or p>tial deluges ! cause1 we %\ld !n f9d only ! animals & plants ( ! climates or places1 :]e su* deluges h happ5$2 :]eas 9 ^! fossil rema9s x is q ! contr>y3 ! rema9s ( ^? plants & animals1 we "k1 are ( animals & plants1 ! inhabitants ( ! mo/ remote climes f ^?1 :]e !y n[ lie buri$2 e4g4 ! rh9oc]os-bones1 9 ! cave call$ ,baumans-hole1 9 ! ,h>tz ,=e/ 9 ,g]many2 ! /range bones 9 ! ,antra ,draconum 9 ,hung>y2 ! horns ( ! moose-de]1 & o!r prodigi\s horns1 & elephants bones1 f\nd 9 ,engl&1 ,irel&1 ,g]many1 ,sibiria1 & ev5 ,am]ica1 c4 ( vegetables1 p>ts ( ! arbor tri/is 9 ,france2 bamboo's1 or great ,indian re$s1 frequ5t 9 ,engl&2 ) numb]s ( o!r su* examples4 ,& ( ^? rema9s ev5 ( ! m>9e %ells1 yet unkn[n to u1 all appe> exotic to ! climes :]e !y n[ lie deposit$2 e4g4 ! cliffs at ,h>wi* 9 ,essex ab\nd ) a species ( bucc9um het]o/rophum1 & o!r %ells1 nev] yet discov]$ 9 ! adjac5t wat]s4 ,! ammonit ( s _m species1 & ! innum]able v>iety ( con* anomi1 ) :i* ?is isl& ab\nds1 are yet unkn[n to be inhabitants ( our seas1 & appe> exotic to ?is climate4 ,!re=e1 my ,"l1 ,i reasonably conclude p>tial or local deluges c\ld nev] h produc$ su* effects4 ,h[ev]1 unprejudic$ to any op9ion1 if ! le>n$1 :o fav\r ! sy/em ( p>tial deluges1 w ei!r confute ^! my ass]tions1 or give solid reasons = ! facts alleg$ to be producible by local deluges1 att]rations1 c4 ,i w joyfully embrace ! tru?3 b till !n1 my ,"l1 ,i w\ld recomm5d to ^? sy/ematical g5tlem51 n to p]v]t t excell5t maxim ( ! great ,"l ,bacon1 &1 in/ead ( ,non f+5dum neque excogit&um1 s$ inv5i5dum quid natura faciat1 aut f]at1 n to corrupt x into f+5dum atque excogit&um1 non inv5i5dum quid natura faciat1 aut f]at4 ,i am1 ) great submission & respect1 ,,my ,,"l1 ,y\r ,lord%ip's ,mo/ devot$1 & mo/ oblig$1 humble ,s]vant1 ,emanuel ,m5des da ,co/a4 ,london1 #bg ,april1 #ageg4 ,,xxix4 ,a ,catalogue ( ! ,fifty ,plants f ,*elsea ,g>d51 pres5t$ to ! ,royal ,society by ! wor%ipful ,company ( ,apo!c>ies1 = ! ,ye> #agef1 pursuant to ! ,direction ( ,sir ,hans ,sloane1 ,b>onet1 ,m$4 ,reg4 ,soc4 ,reg4 nup] ,prses1 by ,john ,wilm]1 ,m4 ,d4 cl>iss4 ,societatis ,ph>maceut4 ,lond4 ,socius1 ,hort4 ,*els4 ,prfect4 ,prlector ,botan4 ,read ,april #bh1 #ageg4 #agja ,a,bronanum campe/re incanum ,c>l9 odore4 ,c4,b4,p4 #agjb ,abrotanum humile corymbis majoribus aureis4 ,h4 ,reg4 ,p>4 #agjc ,ac] platanoides4 ,munt+ii hi/or4 #agjd ,amelan*i]4 ,lobel4 #agje ,an*usa lutea m9or4 ,j4,b4 #c4 #ehc4 ,buglossum luteum annuum m9imum4 ,t\rn4 #acd4 #agjf ,arctotis ramis decumb5tibus foliis l9e>i-lanceolatis rigidis subtus arg5teis flore magno aureo p$iculo longissimo4 ,mill]'s ,icons4 #agjg ,ascyrum magno flore1 ,c4,b4 #bhj4 #agjh ,asphodelus ,allobrogicus magno flore ,lilii ,h4,l4 #fe4 #agji ,a/] caule ramoso scabro p]5ni foliis ovatis sessilibus p$unculis nudis unifloris4 ,mill]'s ,icons4 #agaj ,a/ragalus rep5s m9or flore cruleo1 filiqua ,epigottidi simili4 ,index ,plant4 ,bo]h4 #agaa ,b>l]ia in]mis foliis ovatis d5ticulatis petiolatis4 ,l94 ,sp4 ,plant4 #fcg4 ,b>l]ia solani folio flore cocc9eo4 ,plum4 nov4 g54 #ca4 #agab ,blitum ,kaly m9us album dictum4 ,kaly m9us ,g]4 ,emac4 #ece4 #agac ,campanula maxima foliis latissimis4 ,c4,b4 #id4 #agad ,c>yophillus montanus umbellatus floribus v>iis1 luteis f]rug9eis ,italicus4 ,b>rel obs4 #fdh4 #agae ,cat>ia ,hispanica ,betonic folio angu/iore flore cruleo4 ,t\rn4 #agaf ,cela/rus sp9is nudis1 ramis t]etibus1 foliis acutis4 ,hort4 ,cliff4 #gb4 ,lycium4 ,bo]haav4 ,ind4 alt4 #b4 #bcg4 #agag ,c]alus racemosa sylve/ris fructu non eduli rubro4 ,h4,r4 ,p>4 ,c]asia racemosa rubra4 #b4 ,tab]namont4 ,icon1 #ihg4 #agah ,*amdrys ,hispanica t5uifolia multiflora4 ,h4 ,r4 ,p>4 ,t\rn4 #bje4 #agai ,*]ophyllum palu/re latifolium flore albo4 ,bo]h4 #gj4 ,myrrhis palu/re latifolia rubra4 ,t\rn4 #cae4 #agbj ,*5opodium ,/ramonii folio4 ,vaill4 #agba ,cirsium foliis non hirsutis floribus compactis4 ,c4,b4,p4 #cgg4 #agbb ,cirsium maximum ,asphodeli radice4 ,c4,b4 #cgg4 #agbc ,colutea foliolis ovatis integ]rimis caule fruticolo4 ,phil4 ,mill]'s ,icons4 #agbd ,convall>ia foliis sessilibus racemo t]m9al composito4 ,l94 ,sp4 ,pl4 #cae4 #agbe ,conyza mas ,!ophra/i major ,dioscoridis4 ,c4,b4,p4 #bfe4 ,major ,monspeli5sis odorata4 ,j4,b4 #b4 #ajec4 #agbf ,cori&rum majus4 ,c4,b4 #aeh4 ,(fic9>4 #ade4 #agbg ,cornus ,ori5talis sylve/ris fructu t]eti=mi4 ,t4 ,cor4 #agbh ,cri?mum1 sive ,fniculum m>itimum1 m9us4 ,c4,b4 #bhh4 ,(fic4 #aeb4 #agbi ,crocus sativus4 ,c4,b4 #fe4 ,(fic9>4 #aeb4 #agcj ,cyclam5 v]num m9us orbiculato folio1 inf]ne rub5te1 flore m9ore rub]rimo4 ,mor4 ,hi/4 #c4 #eea4 #agca ,eli*rysum graveol5s acutifolium alato caule4 ,hort4 ,el?am4 #agcb ,gram5 spica ari/ata4 ,l94 ,sp4 ,pl4 #hc4 ,gram5 loliaceum spica longiore lolium ,dioscoridis4 ,c4,b4,p4 #agcc ,leucan!mum ,tanaceti folio1 flore majore4 ,bo]h4 #ajg4 ,matric>ia ,tanaceti folio1 flore majore1 sem9e umbilicato4 ,t\rn4 #dic4 #agcd ,meadia4 ,catesby ,hi/4 ,c>4 #c4 p4 #a4 ,dodeca!on4 ,l94 ,sp4 ,pl4 #add4 #agce ,m$ica magno fructu1 aculeis sursum et deorsum r5d5tibus4 ,t\rn4 #daa4 #agcf ,moscatell9a foliis fum>i bulbos1 de qua ,cordus4 ,j4,b4 #b4 #bjf4 ,radix cava m9ima viridi flore4 ,g]4 #icc4 #agcg ,n>cissus ,illyricus ,liliaceus4 ,c4,b4,p4 #ee4 ,pancratii ,monspeliaci ,hem]ocallidis ,val5t9 facie4 ,lilio-n>cissus1 vel ,n>cissus t]tius ,mat?ioli4 ,j4,b4 #b4 #fac4 #agch ,osmunda vulg>is et palu/ris4 ,t\rn4 #edg4 ,filix ramosa non d5tata florida4 ,c4,b4,p4 #ceg4 #agci ,papav] lac9iato folio capitulo hispido rotundiore4 ,t\rn4 ,argemone capitulo rotundiore4 ,p>k4 #cfi4 #agdj ,papav] ,ori5tale hirsutissimum magno flore4 ,t\rn4 ,cor4 #ag4 #agda ,p]iclym5um p]foliatum ,virg9ianum semp]vir5s et flor5s4 ,h4,l4,b4 #agdb ,phillyrea1 ,ole ,ephesiac folio4 ,pluk4 ,phyt4 ,tab4 #caj4 fig4 #e4 #agdc ,phlomis ,ly*nitis4 ,clus4 ,hi/4 #bg4 ,v]bascum sylve/re ,monspeli5se flore luteo hiante4 ,j4,b4 #c4 #cjg4 #agdd ,polygonum foliis cordatis caule volubili1 floribus c>9atis4 ,l94 ,sp4 ,plant4 #cfd4 ,fagopyrum sc&5s ,am]icanum maximum4 ,t\rn4 ,in/4 #agde ,saxifraga s$i folio1 flore albo1 multiflora4 ,t4 #beb4 ,s$um ,pyr5aicum pyramidale longifolium elegantissimum4 ,s*ol4 ,botan4 ,p>4 ,sanicula ,pyr5aica longifolia multiflora elegantissma4 ,h4,l4 #agdf ,s]ratula ,noveborac5sis maxima foliis longis s]ratis4 ,hort4 ,el?am4 #cee4 #agdg ,?alictrum m9us4 ,c4,b4,p4 #ccg4 ,?alictrum m9us seu ,rut prat5sis g5us m9us sem9e /riato4 ,j4,b4 #c4 #dhg4 #agdh ,v]bascum fm9a flore luteo magno4 ,c4,b4 #bci4 #agdi ,vicia legum9ibus sessilibus reflexis pilosis solit>iis p5tasp]mis coroll vexilis glabris4 ,l94 ,sp4 ,pl4 #gcf4 ,vicia legum9ibus solit>iis deorsum flexis hirsutis4 ,sauv4 ,monspeli5s4 #bce4 #agej ,ulmus folio latissimo scabro4 ,g]4 ,emac4 #adha4 ,latiore folio4 ,p>k4 #adjd4 ,,xxx4 ,rem>ks on ! ,op9ion ( ,h5ry ,eeles1 ,esq2 conc]n+ ! ,asc5t ( ,vap\r1 publi%$ 9 ! ,philosoph4 ,transact4 ,vol4 xlix4 ,"p i4 p4 #abd4 ,by ,erasmus ,d>w91 ,m4,d4 ,communicat$ by ,mr4 ,william ,watson1 ,f4,r4,s4 ,to ,mr4 ,william ,watson1 ,f4,r4,s4 ,,sir1 ,,! inclos$ pap]s 7 design$ = ! p]usal ( ! ,royal ,society2 be+ an endeav\r to confute ! op9ion ( ,mr4 ,eeles ab\t ! asc5t ( vap\rs1 publi%$ 9 ! la/ volume ( _! ,transactions4 ,b ! au?or1 hav+ no electrical fri5d1 ^: sagacity he c\ld confide 91 has at l5g? prevail$ ^u himself to be s free to s5d !m to ,mr4 ,watson2 to :om ! _w is s mu* indebt$ = ! advancem5t ( _! kn[lege 9 electricity4 ,:5ce1 ,sir1 if y %\ld ?9k t ^! pap]s h tru?1 ! great ,diana ( real philosoph]s1 to patronize !m1 y w conf] a fav\r ^u me1 by lay+ !m be=e t le>n$ ,body4 ,if1 on ! contr>y1 y %\ld deem ?is confutation trifl+ or futil1 ,i hope y w be humane en\gh to suppress !m1 & give me y\r objections2 & by t means lay a /ill great] obligation on "o1 :o has n ! pleasure to be p]sonally acqua9t$ ) y4 ,f1 ,,sir1 ,y\r v humble ,s]vant1 ,erasmus ,d>w91 ,physician at ,lit*field1 ,/af=d%ire4 ,m>* #bc4 #ageg4 ,,lett] ,i4 ,to ! v hon\rable & le>n$ ! ,,presid5t & ,,memb]s ( ! ,royal ,society4 ,read ,may #e1 #ageg4 ,g5tlem51 ,,!re is ev] su* a *>m att5dant ^u novelty1 t be x 9 philosophy1 m$ic9e1 or religion1 ! gaz+ _w are too (t5 l$ to adore1 :at !y ought only to admire3 :il/ ?is vehem5ce ( en?usiasm has g5]ally soon r5d]$ t object contemptible1 t w\ld o!rwise h long laid claim to a m sob] e/eem4 ,?is 0 once ! fate ( *emi/ry3 ! va9 & pomp\s boa/s ( h] adepts br\ght ! :ole art into disrespect2 & ,i %\ld be sorry1 if h] si/] electricity %\ld %>e ! same mis=tunes4 ,x is h5ce ! +5i\s ,mr4 ,eeles w excuse me1 = endeav\r+ to lay be=e y my op9ion on ! asc5t ( vap\rs1 ?o' x by no means co9cides ) t he is s /r5u\s to e/abli%1 & plucks a plume f 8 idol goddess electricity4 ,! probability1 support+ ! hypo!sis ( ,mr4 ,eeles1 accord+ to 8 own expressions1 re/s on ?is3 8,t e p>ticle ( vap\r is endu$ ) a portion ( electric fire2 & t !re is no o!r suffici5t cause assign$ = _! asc5d+40 7,phil4 ,trans4 vol4 xlix4 "p4 i4 p4 #acd474 ,my design is !re=e fir/ to attempt to %ew1 t ano!r !ory1 f\nd$ on pr9ciples bett] kn[n1 w suffici5tly expla9 ! asc5t ( vap\rs3 & !n1 t "s k9ds ( vap\rs are n endu$ ) a m or less ?an _! natural %>e ( electric !r4 ,! imm5se r>efaction ( explosive bodies by heat1 dep5ds ei!r on ! escape ( air be=e cond5s$ 9 !m1 or on ! expansion ( ! con/itu5t p>ts ( ^? bodies4 ,?is di/9ction has n be5 suffici5tly consid]$ by any "o to my kn[lege2 nor %all ,i at pres5t amuse ! ,society ^u ?is head2 x be+ en\gh = my pres5t purpose to obs]ve1 t !y may be ?us di/+ui%$3 :]e air is emitt$1 x _c be cond5s$ aga9 into ! same bulk by cold2 b ! expansion ( heat$ p>ts ( bodies1 z soon z t heat is )drawn1 ceases to exi/4 ,nitre comes "u ! fir/ ( ^! classes3 9 detonation x emits great quantities ( air1 n aft]w>ds cond5sible to ! l space4 ,?is may be se5 by fir+ a few gra9s ( gunp[d] 9 an unbl[n bladd]1 or 9 a vessel ne>ly full ( wat] ) its m\? inv]t$4 ,! same is true ( all ! solid p>ts ( animals & vegetables1 :5 subject$ to fire2 z appe>s f ! exp]im5ts ( t le>n$ philan?ropi/1 ,dr4 ,hales4 ,b ( wat] ! contr>y is evid5t4 ,9 ! /eam-eng9e1 a jet ( cold wat]1 we f9d1 in/antly cond5ses t imm5se r>efaction2 :i* ,i appreh5d c\ld n be1 if x 0 con/itut$ ( escap$ ela/ic air4 ,& al?o' ?is /eam mu/ be ackn[l$g$ to put on "s prop]ties ( air2 su* z v5tilat+ a fire2 or t a tap] bl[n out by x1 is capable ( be+ aga9 light$ imm$iately1 & t )\t a crackl+ noise1 :i* occurs :5 t\*$ ) wat]2 ?is does n 9 ! lea/ invalidate our op9ion1 ?o' x has c]ta9ly conduc$ v mu* to propagate ! =m] "o3 s9ce f ?is way ( reason+1 ! :ole mu/ be air1 & we %\ld h no wat] at all 9 vap\r4 ,f consid]+ ?is p[] ( expansion1 :i* ! con/itu5t p>ts ( "s bodies acquire by heat2 & )al1 t "s bodies h a great] aff9ity to heat1 t is1 acquire x soon] & reta9 x long] ?an o!rs2 :i* aff9ity appe>s f exp]im5ts1 & :i*1 ,i appreh5d1 is 9 "s ratio ( _! specific gravities & _! p[]s ( refraction1 reflexion1 or absorption ( light2 or at lea/ 9 "s ratio mu* great] ?an t ( _! specific gravities alone4 ,f consid]+ ^!1 ,i say1 _m ?+s1 be=e utt]ly inexplicable1 became easily und]/ood by me4 ,su* z1 ,:y :5 bismu? & z9c are fus$ toge!r1 & set to cool1 ! z9c1 :i* is specifically heavi]1 is f\nd above ! bismu?8 ,:y ! buff cov]+ ( inflammatory blood1 ! skum ( heat$ milk1 ! s$ative salt ( borax1 :i* are all specifically heavi] ?an ! liquids 9 :i* !y are =m$1 are /ill =m$ at ! surface ( !m8 ,h[ b5zo91 sulphur1 & ev5 ! pond]\s body m]cury1 may be rais$ into vap\r1 aga9 to be cond5s$ unalt]$8 ,&1 la/ly1 h[ wat]1 ^: p>ts appe> f ! olipile to be capable ( immeasurable expansion1 %\ld by heat alone become specifically light] ?an ! common atmosph]e1 )\t hav+ rec\rse to a %ell inclos+ air1 or o!r assi/ant ma*9]y8 & :5 rais$1 ,i am p]suad$ we %all f9d1 t to support !m float+1 p]haps _m days1 9 ! atmosph]e1 is n a knot s intricate1 z to oblige u to conjure up a new div9ity to unravel x4 ,b be=e we proce$ to ?is second "p ( our task1 x w be necess>y previ\sly to consid]1 fir/1 h[ small a degree ( heat is requir$ to deta* or raise ! vap\r ( wat] f its p>5t-fluid4 ,9 ! colde/ day1 ,i might say ! colde/ night1 ( w9t]1 :5 ! wea!r is n fro/y or v damp1 wet l95 or pap] w become dry 9 ! c\rse ( a few h\rs4 ,a great] degree ( heat mu/ inde$ cause a quick] evaporation4 ,b ,i am p]suad$1 t 0 x n = ! pressure ( ! sup]9cumb5t fluid1 greatly less ?an t ( boil+ wat] w\ld in/antly disp]se ! :ole s heat$ into vap\r4 ,secondly1 ,t 9 ! op9ion ( ,sir ,isaac ,newton1 well illu/rat$ by ! late lam5t$ ,mr4 ,melvil1 ! sun-beams appe> only to communicate heat to bodies by :i* !y are refract$1 reflect$1 or ob/ruct$2 :5ce1 by _! impulse1 a reaction or vibration is caus$ 9 ! p>ts ( su* impact$ bodies4 ,?is is support$ by ! exp]im5t ( approa*+ "s light body1 or bl[+ smoke ne> ! focus ( ! l>ge/ glasses2 & f obs]v+1 t ^! d n asc5d1 x is evid5t ! air is n s mu* z w>m$ by ! passage ( ^? beams ?ro' x1 yet w\ld in/antly calc9e or vitrify e opake body 9 nature4 ,& f ?is we may collect1 t transp>5t bodies are only heat$ at _! surfaces1 & t p]haps 9 proportion to _! quantity ( refraction3 :i* w fur!r give & receive illu/ration f ^? v curi\s exp]im5ts1 ( produc+ cold by ! evaporation ( liquors1 publi%$ by ! le>n$ ,dr4 ,cull51 9 ! late volume ( ,essays ,physical & ,lit]>y1 at ,ed9burgh4 ,9 ^! exp]im5ts a _s-!rmomet] 0 imm]s$ 9 _s ( w9e1 & be+ sudd5ly retract$1 0 aga9 expos$ to ! air2 & z ! _s ( w9e adh]+ to ! glass evaporat$1 ! _s conta9$ )9 ! !rmomet] 0 obs]v$ to subside4 ,n[ z ! diff]5ce ( ! refraction ( _s ( w9e & glass is exce$+ly m9ute1 comp>$ ) ! diff]5ce ( refraction ( _s ( w9e & air2 we may consid]1 9 ! above exp]im5t1 ! heat to be communicat$ to ! !rmomet] only at its surface3 b "h ! adh]5t fluid escapes z soon z heat$2 by :i* means ! glass1 & its cont5ts1 are depriv$ ( t con/ant addition ( heat1 :i* o!r bodies p]petually enjoy ei!r f ! sun-beams imm$iately1 or f ! emanations ( o!r contigu\s w>m] bodies2 & mu/ !nce1 9 a few m9utes1 become cold] ?an be=e4 ,! +5i\s ,mr4 ,eeles1 ,i d>e say1 has already =ese5 ! use ,i am go+ to make ( ?is pr9ciple2 viz4 8,t ! little sph]ules ( vap\r w ?us1 by refract+ ! sol> rays1 acquire a con/ant heat1 ?o' ! surr\nd+ atmosph]e rema9 cold40 ,& z f ! m9ut5ess ( _! diamet]s1 if !y are all[$ to be globules1 !y mu/ d ?is to a v great degree1 ,i appreh5d none ( ^? objections w take place aga9/ u1 ) :i* ,mr4 ,eeles has s s5sibly confut$ ! =m] receiv$ !ories on ?is subject4 ,if we are ask$1 h[ cl\ds come to be support$ 9 ! abs5ce ( ! sun8 ,x mu/ be rememb]$1 t l>ge masses ( vap\r mu/ = a consid]able "t reta9 mu* ( ! heat !y h acquir$ 9 ! day2 at ! same "t reflect+1 h[ small a quantity ( heat 0 necess>y to raise !m2 & t d\btless ev5 a less w be suffici5t to support !m1 z f ! dim9i%$ pressure ( ! atmosph]e at a giv5 height1 a less p[] may be able to cont9ue !m 9 _! pres5t /ate ( r>efaction2 &1 la/ly1 t cl\ds ( p>ticul> %apes w be su/a9$ or elevat$ by ! motion !y acquire f w9ds4 ,i %\ld "h h conclud$ ?is pap]1 p]haps already too long2 b ^u revis+ x1 ,i f9d1 :]e ! aff9ity ( "s bodies ) heat is m5tion$1 t ! d$uctions made f !nce are n suffici5tly expla9$ to be intelligible4 ,fir/ !n1 ,if ! p[] ( expansion ( any two bodies1 by heat1 be 9 a great] proportion ?an _! specific gravities1 !n w !re be a c]ta9 degree ( heat1 9 :i* _! specific gravities w be equal2 & ano!r1 9 :i* ! gravity ( t1 :i* 0 light] :5 cold1 w exce$ ! gravity ( t1 :i* 0 heavi] :5 cold4 ,h5ce z9c & bismu? alt] _! specific gravities 9 fusion2 "s ur9e1 & _m solutions ( solids1 gr[ turbid z !y cool2 o!rs alt] _! col\rs4 ,secondly1 ,if 7! p[] ( expansion by heat be+ equal7 ! p[] ( reta9+ heat be 9 a great] ratio ?an ! specific gravities2 !n1 dur+ ! "t ( cool+ aft] be+ suffici5tly heat$1 !re w be an in/ant1 :5 ! heavi] body w become ! light]1 & swim ^u ! o!r4 ,?is seems ! case 9 ! buff cov]+ ( inflam$ blood1 ! skum ( heat$ milk1 & ! cri/allization ( "s salts3 = if ^! effects 7 f ! evaporation ( ! ?9n] p>ts at ! surface1 !y %\ld happ5 dur+ ! greate/ evaporation1 or :5 boil+2 b1 on ! contr>y1 !y are all done 9 ! greate/ degree :5 ! liquor has = "s "t began to cool4 ,la/ly1 ,if ! quickness ( acquir+ heat be 9 a great] proportion ?an _! specific gravities 7! p[] ( expansion be+ equal71 !n1 dur+ ! "t ( _! acquir+ heat1 !re w be an in/ant1 :5 ! body1 t 0 heavi] :5 cold1 w n[ become ! light]4 ,f "o or m ( :i* pr9ciples1 ,i appreh5d1 ! volatility or fixity ( all m9]als1 & _m o!r bodies1 takes its orig94 ,x is no "p ( my design to acc\nt to y1 g5tlem51 9 :at mann] su* an expansion ( ! p>ts ( bodies c be br\ght ab\t by ! action ( fire4 ,?o' p]haps a rotatory motion only ( ea* p>ticle on its own c5t] might be suffici5t to produce su* a r>efaction2 & ! m s1 if su* p>ts 7 any o!r figures ?an sph]es1 z by ! p]cussion ( _! angles !y mu/ result fur!r f ea* o!r4 ,nor is ! exi/5ce ( su* a rotatory motion )\t "s probability1 :5 we obs]ve ! v]ticill>y motion giv5 to *>coal-du/ ?r[n on nitre 9 fusion1 or ! wond]ful agitation ( ! p>ts ( burn+ phosphorus1 or ev5 ( a common r$ lett]-waf] t\*$ by ! flame ( a c&le4 ,b z 9 ?is pap] ,i h lab\r$ 7& ,i hope n )\t success7 to %ew y1 t "s prop]ties ( sol> heat are suffici5t to acc\nt = ! elevation & support ( vap\rs2 s 9 ano!r lett] ,i propose ne>ly to demon/rate to y1 t ! electric !r is f> f hav+ any %>e 9 ! production ( ?is important phnom5on4 ,f1 ,,g5tlem51 ,y\r v humble ,s]vant1 ,erasmus ,d>w94 ,lit*field1 ,m>4 #bj1 #ageg4 ,,lett] ,,ii4 ,to ! v hon\rable & le>n$ ! ,,presid5t & ,,memb]s ( ! ,royal ,society4 ,read ,may #e1 #ageg4 ,g5tlem51 ,,e !oretical inquiry1 ^: basis does n re/ ^u exp]im5ts1 is at once explod$ 9 ?is well-?9k+ age2 :]e tru?1 "u y\r patronage1 has at l5g? broke ?ro' ^? cl\ds1 ) :i* sup]/ition1 policy1 or p>ade1 _h ov]:elm$ h]4 ,b exp]im5ts !mselves1 g5tlem51 are n exempt$ f fallacy4 ,a /rong inv5tive faculty1 a f9e me*anic h&1 a cle> unbiass$ judgm5t1 are at once requir$ = ! contrivance1 conduct1 & application1 ( exp]im5ts2 & ev5 :]e ^! are jo9$ 7su* is ! condition ( humanity67 error too frequ5tly intrudes h]self1 & spoils ! "w4 ,my v respectable antagoni/1 ,mr4 ,eeles1 to ^: e>1 ,i am conv9c$1 ! voice ( tru? is m agreeable ?an t ( applause1 w =give me ! foll[+ critique on 8 p]=mance2 z by t means1 ,i am p]suad$1 ! probability ( 8 notions w be intirely de/roy$1 & ! =ego+ !ory receive additional supports4 ,= ?is purpose our fir/ endeav\r w be to %ew ! unc]ta9ty ( "s ( ! mo/ mat]ial pr9ciples1 t support 8 argum5ts2 & aft]w>ds1 ! fallacy ( ! exp]im5ts he has giv5 u4 ,fir/ !n1 9 page #acj4 ,mr4 ,eeles has ass]t$1 t ! greate/ possible r>efaction ( wat] is :5 x boils4 ,i ?9k x might be said1 ) equal propriety1 t ! greate/ r>efaction ( solids 0 :5 !y began to melt3 & ?is may inde$ be v]bally true1 if we *use to alt] ! names ( bodies1 :5 !y und]go any alt]ation by fire2 s solids take ! "n ( fluids1 :5 !y are 9 fusion2 & wat] ! "n ( vap\r1 :5 x is greatly r>efi$ 9 ! /eam-eng9e4 ,:5ce we f9d ?is ass]tion seems to be f\nd$ on a confusion 9 t]ms1 & ! fact f> f be+ exi/5t 9 nature4 ,9 page #acc4 ! sph]e ( electrical activity is said to be increas$ by heat4 ,if by electrical activity is "h meant an increase ( its repulsive p[] 7! ?+1 :i* seems to be want$ 9 ,mr4 ,eeles's hypo!sis71 ,i "k no exp]im5t to %[ x4 ,if x be meant1 t x is capable ( be+ attract$ to a great] di/ance2 ,i conjecture x may1 z ! heat w r>efy ! ambi5t air1 & we "k ! electric !r is attract$ at v great di/ances 9 vacuo2 b ?is _c prop]ly be call$ an increas$ activity ( electric fire4 ,we are aft]w>ds told 7page ib47 8t electric fire w n mix ) air30 :5ce1 9 ! succe$+ section1 x is argu$1 8,t z ea* p>ticle ( vap\r1 ) its surr\nd+ electric fluid1 w occupy a great] space ?an ! same weight ( air1 !y w asc5d40 ,9 answ] to ?is1 x mu/ be obs]v$1 t !re are "s bodies1 ^: p>ts are f9e en\gh to p5etrate ! pores ( o!r bodies1 )\t increas+ _! bulk2 or to pass ?ro' !m1 )\t app>5tly mov+ or di/urb+ !m4 ,a c]ta9 proportion ( alcohol ( w9e mix$ ) wat]1 & ( copp] & t9 9 fusion1 are in/ances ( ! fir/ ( ^!2 ! exi/5ce & passage ( light ?ro' air1 &1 ,i am p]suad$1 ( electric fire1 are in/ances ( ! second4 ,to illu/rate ?is1 ! foll[+ exp]im5t 0 in/itut$4 ,a glass tube1 op5 at "o end1 & ) a bulb at ! o!r1 _h its bulb1 & half way f !nce to ! ap]ture ( ! tube1 coat$ on ! inside ) gilt pap]4 ,! tube 0 !n inv]t$ 9 a glass ( oil ( turp5t9e1 :i* 0 plac$ on a cake ( wax1 & ! tube kept 9 t p]p5dicul> situation by a silk l9e f ! ciel+ ( ! room4 ,! bulb 0 !n w>m$1 s t1 :5 x became cold1 ! turp5t9e rose ab\t half-way up ! tube4 ,a b5t wire !n be+ introduc$1 ?ro' ! oil into ! air above1 high electricity 0 giv54 ,! oil did n appe> at all to subside3 :5ce ,i conclude1 ! electric atmosph]e fl[+ r\nd ! wire & coat+ ( ! tube above ! oil1 did n displace ! air1 b exi/$ 9 its pores4 ,?is exp]im5t ,i =m]ly tri$ v>i\s ways1 z ,i _h conceiv$1 if ! electric matt] w\ld displace air1 x might h be5 appli$ to answ] ! end ( /eam 9 ! /eam-eng9e1 & _m o!r great me*anical purposes4 ,b z f ! above x appe>s1 t ! contr>y is true1 x is evid5t1 t electric matt] surr\nd+ p>ticles ( vap\r mu/1 9 fact1 increase _! specific gravity1 & _c any-ways be imag9$ to facilitate _! asc5t4 ,i may add fur!r1 t if ?is be true1 t x p]vades ! pores ( air1 its specific levity _c1 by any means ,i "k1 be comp>$ ) t ( air4 ,its p>ticul> attraction to "s bodies1 at lea/ to mu* ! great] "p ( ! t]raque\s globe1 is abundantly great] ?an t ( air to ^? bodies3 & h5ce its gravitation to ! :ole globe w\ld appe>1 at fir/ view1 to exce$ t ( air4 ,b ! m ,i consid] ?is1 ! m p]plex+ & amaz+ x appe>s to me3 & !nce mu/ leave x to ! inve/igation ( my v +5i\s antagoni/1 or "s o!r able philosoph]4 ,i come n[ to ! exp]im5ts1 t are giv5 u to %[ all vap\r to be electrif$4 ,9 ^! ,mr4 ,eeles seems to h be5 l$ into error1 by n hav+ obs]v$1 t _m bodies electrif$ w reta9 t electricity = "s "t1 al?o' 9 contact ) conductors4 ,! ,leyd5 phial may be t\*$ ?ree or f\r times by a quick f+] be=e ! :ole is dis*>g$4 ,almo/ all light dry animal or vegetable sub/ances1 su* z fea!rs & cork1 d ?is 9 a mu* great] degree3 & 9 g5]al ,i h obs]v$1 ! m sl[ any bodies are to acquire electricity1 ! m av>iti\s !y are to keep x4 ,"p ( ! plume ( a fea!r1 hang+ to a gre5 l9e ( silk ab\t a foot long1 :i* 0 susp5d$ f ! mid/ ( an horizontal l9e ( ! same1 ab\t f\r y>ds 9 l5g?1 0 electrifi$ ) a dry w9e-glass1 accord+ to ! me?od ( ,mr4 ,eeles2 &1 aft] be+ t\*$ n9e times ) my f+]1 at ! int]vals ( two seconds ( "t1 /ill manife/$ signs ( electricity1 by be+ attract$ at ! t5? approa* ( x4 ,a cork ball1 on ! same l9e & circum/ances1 aft] be+ electris$1 0 t\*$ at ! int]vals ( t5 seconds repeat$ly1 = sev5 times1 be=e x 0 exhau/$4 ,! fumes ( boil+ wat] 7 convey$ ^u ?is ball aft] be+ electris$2 &1 aft] a fumigation = ?irty seconds1 x %ew$ signs ( electricity1 by be+ attract$ to ! approa*+ f+]2 &1 aft] ?irty seconds m1 )\t any fumigation1 x aga9 obey$ ! f+]2 & aga91 aft] ?irty m1 b at less & less di/ances4 ,! same appe>ances occurr$ to me f ! fumes ( res94 ,f :5ce ,i appreh5d1 t ,mr4 ,eeles1 hav+ dipp$ ! electris$ d[n ( ! juncus bombyc9us 9 vap\r = p]haps half a m9ute 7= no "t is m5tion$71 & f9d+ x /ill reta9$ its electric attraction1 0 n aw>e1 t ?is same _h happ5$1 if he _h by int]vals t\*$ x ) 8 f+]1 or any o!r kn[n conductor ( electricity4 ,z ,mr4 ,eeles _h "h object$1 t !re 0 no real opposition 9 ! electric !r ( glass1 & t f wax2 ! common exp]im5t to %ew ?is 0 _m times repeat$ ) con/ant success2 viz4 ! cork ball1 susp5d$ z above1 aft] be+ electris$ by ! w9e-glass1 & repell$ f x1 0 /rongly attract$ by a rubb$ /ick ( seal+-wax2 & vice v]s4 ,9 ! same mann] ,i obs]v$ ! electric !r f a black silk /ock+ 7:i* 0 held horizontally ext5d$ by ! top & foot1 &1 be+ rubb$ 9 ! mid/ ) an iron pok]1 0 appli$ to ! cork ball71 to be simil> to t ( glass1 & opposite to t ( wax4 ,b ! foll[+ exp]im5t appe>s to me to put ?is matt] out ( all d\bt1 & to demon/rate1 t ?is diff]5ce is only a plus & m9us ( ! same specific !r1 & n diff]5t qualities ( x1 z ,mr4 ,eeles w\ld suppose4 ,a /ick ( dry seal+-wax 0 rubb$ on ! side ( a dry w9e-glass1 & a cork ball1 susp5d$ z 9 ! =m] exp]im5ts1 play$ = "s "t betwe5 !m3 b glass rubb$ ) glass1 or wax ) wax1 did n manife/ any electric appe>ance4 ,:5ce x w\ld appe>1 t 9 rubb+ glass & wax toge!r1 ! glass accumulat$ on its surface ! id5tical !r t ! wax lo/4 ,nor is ?is a digression f my design3 = if ?is opposition ( ! electricity ( glass & wax be e/abli%$1 x /ill contributes to demon/rate ! fallacy ( ,mr4 ,eeles's exp]im5ts4 ,b :at alone w\ld intirely de/roy ?is electric hypo!sis1 is1 t f ! exp]im5ts ( ,mr4 ,frankl9 & o!rs1 ! cl\ds are sometimes f\nd to be electris$ plus1 sometimes m9us1 & sometimes manife/ no signs ( electricity at all4 ,:5ce to say an accumulation ( electric !r supports ^! cl\ds1 seems an ass]tion built ^u a v un/able f\ndation1 ^: :ole sup]/ructure may well en\gh be t]m$ an air-built ca/le1 ! baseless fabric ( a vision4 ,add to ?is1 t ,mr4 ,eeles1 9 page #adj4 tells u1 t himself has pass$ ?ro' cl\ds re/+ on ! sides ( m\nta9s4 ,ought n ^? cl\ds to h imm$iately dis*>g$ _! electricity1 & fall58 ,& common exp]i5ce may rem9d u1 t any cold bodies w cond5se vap\r1 :atev] be _! electric prop]ties4 ,s mirrors1 or ! glass ( w9d[s1 9 damp rooms1 are mo/ frequ5tly f\nd cov]$ ) dew2 :i*1 ( all o!r bodies1 ought mo/ to be exempt$ f collect+ vap\rs support$ by electricity1 z !y are ! lea/ capable to attract or draw (f t !r4 ,f all :i*1 well exam9$1 ,i am p]suad$1 g5tlem51 y w be induc$ to conclude1 t ?o' cl\ds may sometimes possess an accumulation ( electricity1 yet t ?is is only an accid5tal circum/ance1 & n a con/ant "o2 & !nce c h no possible influ5ce ei!r 9 ! elevation or support ( !m4 ,i am1 ,,g5tlem51 ,y\r v humble ,s]vant1 ,erasmus ,d>w94 ,lit*field1 ,m>* #bc4 #ageg4 ,illu/ration3 ,philos4 ,trans4 ,vol4 ,l4 ,,tab4 ,,vi4 p4 #bee4 ,! grey ,coot-foot$ ,tr+a %ot ne> ,halifax 9 ,york%ire 7,janu>y #ageg7 & ,pres5t$ to me by ,m4 ,?omas ,belton ,flori/ ( ,worley-cl\gh 9 ,york%ire4 ,drawn f nature ( ! ,figures ( ,life by ,geo4 ,edw>ds 9 ,feb4 #ageg4 ,,xxxi4 ,an ,acc\nt ( new-discov]$ ,species ( ! ,snipe or ,tr+a3 ,9 a ,lett] to ! ,rev4 ,?o4 ,bir*1 ,d4,d4 ,f4,r4,s4 f ,mr4 ,george ,edw>ds1 ,libr>ian ( ! ,college ( ,physicians4 ,read ,may #e1 #ageg4 ,,sir1 ,i ,,take ! lib]ty to lay be=e y ! figure & description ( a new-discov]$ species ( ! snipe or tr+a k9d1 :i* 0 lately %ot at ,s[]by-bridge 9 ,york%ire1 & s5t to me by ,mr4 ,flori/ ( ,worley-cl\gh1 ne> ,hallifax 9 ! same c\nty4 ,if ! acc\nt1 t foll[s1 %all be ?\ght by y des]v+ to be communicat$ to ! ,royal ,society1 ! real bird1 :i* ,i h pres]v$ dry1 %all be produc$ at ! same "t4 ,?is bird is l 9 %ape to mo/ o!rs ( ! tr+a or snipe k9d4 ,its size is bett] %ewn by ! figure ly+ be=e y 7,see ,,tab4 ,,vi471 ?an by ! dri$ bird1 :i* is mu* %runk s9ce ! draw+ ( x 0 made4 ,i *use1 by way ( di/9ction1 to "n x ! coot-foot$ tr+a1 z x diff]s f o!r birds ( t g5us no o!rwise1 ?an 9 hav+ its toes webb$ 9 ! same p>ticul> mann] z ! fulica1 or our bald-coot4 ,"o ( its feet is %ewn 9 ! plate1 magnifi$ a little1 to make x ! bett] und]/ood1 9 :at mann] ! webs or membranes spread+ on bo? sides ( ! toes are scallop$ or ind5t$ at ea* ( ! toe-jo9ts4 ,^! scallop+s are f9ely pect9at$ on _! out] edges1 z ! enl>g$ figure expresses4 ,! h9d] toe is small1 & f9ely pect9at$ on ! "u side4 ,! bill is black1 & *annell$ on bo? sides ( ! upp] m&ible2 9 :i* *annels ! no/rils are plac$ ne> ! =ehead3 x is compress$ some:at l a duck's bill1 & ridg$ along its upp] "p1 z a figure ( ! head 9 ! corn] ( ! plate may %ew4 ,! l[] head1 figur$ ) x1 is int5d$ to %ew ! bill 7:i* is v n>r[7 ( ano!r species ( coot-foot$ tr+a1 br\ght f ,nor? ,am]ica1 & describ$ & figur$ 9 my ,natural ,hi/ory ( ,birds1 c4 plate #df4 ,! eyes are plac$ f>!r backw>d f ! bill ?an 9 _m o!r sorts ( birds2 9 :i* ! wisdom ( ,provid5ce is rem>kable3 = birds ( ?is g5us commonly fe$+ 9 s(t muddy gr\nd on ! banks ( riv]s or ! sea1 h occasion to ?ru/ _! bills deep into ! %ores1 to extract worms & insects2 & _! eyes w\ld be 9 dang]1 7 !y plac$ m =w>d4 ,! =e "p ( ! head1 ! neck1 brea/1 belly1 ?ighs1 cov]t-fea!rs )9side ! w+s & "u ! tail1 are :ite3 ! top & h9d] "p ( ! head is black4 ,! l[] "p ( ! neck beh9d1 & ! back1 are ( a bluei% a% or slate-col\r1 ) a mixture ( blacki% or dusky3 ! upp] sides ( ! w+s & tail are ( a blacki% or dusky col\r3 ! tips ( ! cov]t ( ! w+s are :ite2 ! tips ( ! middlemo/ or %orte/ ( ! quills are also :ite1 & =m :ite transv]se b>s across ! w+s4 ,two or ?ree ( ! middle quills are :olly :ite1 & all ( !m h _! inn] webs :ite t[>d _! bottoms4 ,x ha? twelve fea!rs 9 ! tail2 ! out]mo/ ( :i*1 on ea* side1 is edg$ ) :ite4 ,! cov]t-fea!rs on ! rump1 or upp] side ( ! tail1 are dusky & :ite4 ,! legs are b>e ( fea!rs above ! knees 7z !y are 9 mo/ birds1 :o wade 9 %all[ wat]s71 & ( an a%-col\r4 ,i believe no discov]y ( ?is bird has be5 made till n[3 & x is v probable !re are _m m species ( birds 9 ?is isl&1 t h hi!rto escap$ ! notice ( curi\s inquir]s4 ,mr4 ,ray1 9 a book by him publi%$1 ,london1 #afgd4 call$1 ,a ,collection ( ,engli% ,words1 c4 ) a ,catalogue ( ,engli% ,birds & ,fi%es1 c4 aft] nam+ ! coot 9 8 catalogue ( birds1 p4 #ib4 says1 8,mr4 ,johnson ( ,brigna1 ne> ,grota-bridge 9 ,york%ire1 %ew$ me a bird ( ! coot k9d1 scallop-to$1 n mu* bigg] ?an a black-bird40 ,z s little is said by ,mr4 ,ray1 "o c h>dly det]m9e any ?+ conc]n+ ! bird he m5tions3 & 'tis pla9 he ?\ght ?is note sc>ce wor? notice1 z he ha? n pres]v$ x 9 ! ,orni?ology s9ce by him publi%$4 ,nor c ,i believe x 0 ! bird n[ be=e u2 = he says x 0 n mu* bigg] ?an a black-bird2 :i* implies1 t x 0 some?+ bigg]4 ,&1 on read+ 8 description ( ! black-bird1 ,i f9d he makes x to weigh f\r ounces2 consequ5tly x is f\r times ! weight ( ! bird above describ$ by me3 = my oblig+ fri5d1 ,mr4 ,flori/1 :o s5t me ?is bird1 says 9 8 lett]1 t1 :5 newly kill$1 x weigh$ "o ounce4 ,!re=e ,i am incl9$ to ?9k1 t ! bird ,mr4 ,ray has s slightly m5tion$1 is a bird n z yet fully discov]$4 ,i am1 ,rev]5d ,sir1 ,y\r mo/ humble ,s]vant1 ,geo4 ,edw>ds4 ,college ( ,physicians1 ,lond4 ,may ! #c;d1 #ageg4 ,,xxxii4 ,obs]vationes de ,corall9is1 iisque insid5tibus ,polypis1 aliisque ,animalculis ,m>9is3 ,quas ,regi ,societati ,lond95si (f]t ,job ,ba/]1 ,m$4 ,doct4 ,acad4 ,cs>4 ,reg4 ,societ4 ,lond4 ,sci5t4 ,holl&4 ,socius4 ,read ,may #ai1 #ageg4 ,,domicilium meum m>i prop9quum#ada occasionem prbet1 9 nondum satis cognitam quorundam animalium1 9 m>e deg5tium1 g5]ationem et conomiam inquir5di4 ,qu obs]vavi ,regi ,societati temporis successu (f]re animus e/2 s$ 9 hac prima diss]tatione tantum obs]vationes quasdam de corall9is1 iisque insid5tibus polypis1 et aliis animalculis m>9is1 exhib]e 9 animum induxi4 ,paucis abh9c annis1 int] doctos viros diss5sio fuit1 utrum corallia1 corall91 et k]ato-phyta v] ess5t plant1 qu crescunt1 et vegetant1 9 quibus insecta m>9a nidificant2 an v]o horum ipsorum ess5t opus et fabrica4 ,multi et sagacissimi hi/ori naturalis scrutatores ultimam complexi sunt s5t5tiam2 s$ nem9i contradic]e /ud5s1 simplicit] tantum et fidelit] illa ref]am1 qu v>iis temporibus 9 corall9is obs]vavi1 et qu lectorem b5evolum1 ut sp]o1 conv9c5t1 corall9as non magis a polypis fabrefi]i1 quam div]sa fungorum g5]a ab illis fabricantur animalculis1 quibus1 /ivo tempore1 quasi repleta inv5iuntur4 ,dura corallia1 qu rec5t] ex m>i extracta1 et 9 rotundum animalculis obsita rep]iebantur1 primam ansam d$]e suspic&i1 hc ab illis esse fabrefacta4 ,cum omnia juniora con*ylia t5]rim et viscos sub/anti rep]iantur1 ex analogia conclusum fuit1 p>va et t5]a animalcula1 qu coralliis insid5t1 que hc fabric>e potuisse1 ac illa durissimas suas con*as et bucc9a4 ,s$ 9 hi/oria naturali non tuto ex analogia licet conclud]e4 ,v]un quidem e/1 quod rec5s natum con*ylium tam t5]um e/1 quam p>vus ille corallio insid5s polypus2 s$ tunc con*a ejus vel bucc9um etiam erit t5]rimum1 et quo magis 9 eo cont5tum crescit animal1 eo major1 durior et firmior fit con*a3 et int]ior con* sup]ficies semp] e/ lvissima et glab]rima1 ne t5]rimum animalculi corpus aliquo modo ldi posset1 ut 9 o/reis1 mytulis1 sol5ibus1 et quibuscunque con*is et bucc9is1 hoc vid]e e/4 ,s$ an hoc 9 coralliis inv5itur8 ,nunquam polypi 9 ipsa coralliorum sub/anti habitant1 s$ semp] intra hanc et circumdatam corticem4 ,cavitates1 quas 9 coralliis inv5ies1 non glabr aut lves sunt1 s$ asp] et acut4 ,p>vus corallii ramulus nec t5] e/ nec mollis1 s$ que durus habita magnitud9is proportione ac maximum3 nec m9ores illi insid5t polypi quam ramis majoribus4 ,cum v]o hic1 9 ,zel&ia1 necdum ulla dura corallia rec5t] ex m>e extracta explor>e licuit1 me tantum ad corall9as det]m9>e debui1 ubique s]e prope littora rep]iundas1 et quibus simillimi1 qui coralliis1 insid5t polypi4 ,animadv]tam tantum mihi vid]i1 animalcula1 qu summas coralliorum extremitates inhabitant1 et ,nobilissimo ,m>siglio flores visa sunt1 ad g5us etiam polyporum ref]ri deb]e1 et 9 8 extremitatibus non nata esse1 s$ irrepsisse1 dum illas vacuas et domicilio aptas inv5]9t3 eodem c]te modo1 quo cancelli1 quos ,b]n>d l'h]mite vocant ,galli1 vacua irreptant bucc9a4 ,et hi cancelli1 ut obs]vant piscatores1 non casu aut tem]>ie id faciunt1 s$ quasi ex consulto4 ,si sex vel septem cancelli vivi prud5t] ex suis bucc9is extrahantur1 et hc int] se p]mixta iis it]um exhibeantur1 quisque cancellus 9 proprium suum1 nunquam 9 alt]ius bucc9um irrepit1 et hoc ablatum undique quritat1 quod jucundum visu e/4 ,necesse mihi fuit quasdam s$ paucas corall9>um et polyporum figuras add]e3 si v]o quis plura desid]et1 elaboratum opus sagacissimi ,dom9i ,ellis adeat1 9 quo quamplurimas et accuratissimas corall9>um et polyporum del9eationes inv5iet#adb4 ,de ,plantis ,m>9is g5]atim4 ,plant m>9 a t]re/ribus 9 plurimis diff]unt1 nam h 9 r>o are excresc5tes1 nutrim5tum suum radicum ope1 9 t]ra pros]p5tium1 hauriunt3 du mill pl]umque nec radices nec folia hab5t1 s$ ex trunco et ramis consi/unt4 ,illa plant m>9 p>s1 qua sub/anti1 cui increscit1 adhret1 radicis nom5 non m]etur1 nisi quat5us plantam uni semp] loco t5et adfixam3 s$ quod prim>ium radicis munus e/1 nutrim5tum ei non adf]t3 ipsa planta p] truncum et ramos ex m$io1 cui semp] imm]sa e/1 increm5tum suum acquirit4 ,neque m>is sundus radicibus recipi5dis aptus esset1 nam pl]umque incon/ans et volubile sabulum e/1 quod cont9uo fluctuum motu de loco 9 locum dimovetur1 ita ut uno temporis mom5to radices nud1 alt]o sub ar5a =5t sepultae4 ,s$ quamdiu v]a vegetatio m>9>um erit ignota1 non b5e explic>i pot]it1 qu>e corallia et k]ato-phyta1 licet ab imo ad summum undique animalculorum cellulis obsessa1 lte tam5 crescant1 ut hoc 9 plurimis1 non tam5 9 omnibus1 obs]v>e e/4 ,nam ,nobilissimus ,m>sigli k]ato-phyta inv5it1 qu nulla cortice1 aut qu uno loco cortice erant obducta1 alt]o non3 et corticem hanc non nisi polyporum cellulas fuisse cl>e ex ejus v]bis patet#adc4 ,at rog>e mihi liceat1 an v]a vegetatio plant>um t]re/rium1 qu semp] nobis ante oculos sunt1 b5e cognita et p]specta sit8 an quidem novimus1 qu v]a sit radicum functio1 et quomodo hanc ex]ceant8 ,nonne plurim inv5iuntur plant1 qu paucissimis in/ruct radicibus 9 altum crescunt1 maxime ergo foliorum ope1 qu succos nutritios ex vaporibus 9 are natantibus hauriunt1 plantam alunt1 et sic radicum defectum suppl5t4 ,s$ liceat mihi1 accuratissimi ,bonneti v]ba adf]re2 8,plant1 dicit hic sagacissimus natur scrutator1 semp] sunt sug5tes1 et 9 /atu suctionis1 int]diu radicum ope nutriuntur1 noctu foliorum#add4 ,s$ opt&um e/#ade1 quod arte quadam exacte posset det]m9>i1 et tunc int] se comp>>i hanc nutrim5ti copiam1 quam plant radicum ope acquirunt1 cum ill1 qu folia adf]unt4 ,exam5 hoc =san nos doc]et1 quod ,ar non m9us quam ,t]ra ad plant>um nutritionem et increm5tum contribuat40 ,si ergo m$ium tam r>um et t5ue1 ut ar 7ut ex ,cel4 ,hali et ,boneti exp]im5tis c]tum e/7 tantum ad plant>um nutritionem adf]at1 mirum non e/1 quod nunquam quiesc5s et quam maxime het]og5ea aqua m>is plantas m>9as1 licet expansis radicibus de/itutas1 ad tantam magnitud9em1 altitud9em et duritiem faciat excresc]e4 ,s$ nonne similit] crescunt plurima fungorum g5]a8 ,quas radices hab5t qu]cubus aliisque lignis incresc5tes ag>ici8 ,quas phallus1 elvela1 et plura1 qu 9 ,me?odo suo fungorum describit ,j4 ,g4 ,gl$is*4 ,hc de plantis m>9is prmitt]e volui1 ut ev9cam corall9as1 licet radicibus c>eant1 cresc]e1 veget>e1 et plantas esse posse1 ut ali t]re/res et fungi1 qu similit] aut m9imas hab5t radices1 aut plane iis de/ituuntur4 ,ct]a1 qu de vegetatione1 floribus et sem9ibus plant>um m>9>im obs]vavi1 alio tempore indicabo4 ,de ,corall9is4 ,corall9 omnes hab5t proprietates1 quas 9 g5]e de plantis m>9is indicavimus3 ,s$ prt]ea1 quod prcipuum e/ hujus diss]tationis propositum1 omni f]e corall91 si rami ejus ad ju/am magnitud9em et firmitatem crev]9t1 tam hyeme quam tate1 animalcula insid5t1 qu a multitud9e bra*iorum1 et similitud9e1 quam cum polypis1 9 aqua foss>um dulci1 rep]iundis1 hab5t1 etiam polypi vocantur4 ,si quis corall9 plantam1 eique insid5tes polypos1 rite exam9>e /udet1 non incipiat p>vam t5uis ramuli p>tem 9 vitro concavo jac5tem microscopio inspic]e2 s$ totam corall9 plantam rec5t] ex m>e extractam 9 vitrum pellucidum1 aqua m>9a repletum1 prud5t] ins]at3 aut talem plantam orbi porcellano concavo 9 fundo coloris pr(unde crulei imponat1 et addita suffici5te aqu m>9 pellucid quantitate1 ejus ramos prud5t] exp&at2 tunc po/ quadrantis hor quietem1 illos l5te amplificante intueatur1 et sic di/9ctissime 9 hac unica planta polypos div]si g5]is1 et pl]umque mira alia videbit insecta2 qu microscopio de9 ad libitum ult]ius exam9>i possunt4 ,corall91 qu #adf;capill>es et filam5tosos hab5t ramulos1 aut qu #adg;juniores et t5uiores adhuc sunt1 ut ,quae navibus po/ longum it]2 ,aut qu doliis i/is coni=mibus1 qu ad littora vel flum9um majorum exitum 9 m>e ad naut>um securitatem ponuntur2 ,aut januis emiss>iorum aqu m>9 9 8 regionibus1 accrev]9t1 r>o vel nunquam hab5t polypos4 ,s$ si eadem corall9 species jam ad suffici5tem magnitud9em et firmitatem1 et prs]tim supra o/rea1 saxa1 silices1 aliaque 9 fundo m>is quiete jac5tia corpora1 increv]it1 polypis scatet4 ,p]spicaci suo judicio decidat lector ,b4 ,an hoc efficitur1 quia polyporum sem51 ova1 vel nata prog5ies gravitate sua fundum petat8 ,vel quia animalculis 8 p]petuus navium aut doliorum motus ob/et1 ut hc non satis tuta cr$ant1 et ideo 9 fundo m>is semp] immota eligant corpora1 quibus ovula sua confidant8 ,vel quia pix et colophonia1 quibus naves1 dolia1 et emiss>iorum janu illum9untur1 corall9is1 qu illis increscunt1 noxiam vel polypis +ratam qualitatem communic5t8 ,hoc saltem semp] obv5it1 me numquam tot polypos inv5isse 9 corall9is1 quas a navibus1 doliis aut emiss>iorum januis abras]am1 quam 9 illis1 qu o/reis1 mytulis et silicibus 9 fundo m>is erant innat4 ,hoc primum mihi argum5tum e/1 corall9as a polypis non =matas esse2 nam tunc plant juniores et m9ores que suos hab]5t polypos1 ac maxim4 ,secundum argum5tum1 quod polypi vel casu vel in/9ctu quodam sese corall9is affigant1 s$ v]am plant p>tem non con/ituant1 e/1 quod polypi non omnes majoris plant ramos qualit] obsid5t2 hic ramus vel hujus rami tantum p>s polypis obsessa erit quam plurimis1 alt]a nullis4 ,corall9am habeo1 #adh;cujus truncum plurimi inhabitant polypi1 dum nullos 9 ramulis pot]am deteg]e1 licet armato oculo4 ,et sic alg#adi vel qu]cui sic dict m>9 spius corall9 increscunt1 9 quibus nunquam polypos inv5i4 ,hoc fi]i non deb]et1 si corall9 polyporum ess5t opus4 ,omnes corall9 semp] suos deb]5t hab]e1 et ramis suis qualit] et proportionalit] insid5tes polypos2 et nunquam s9e 8 ess5t rep]iund1 ut tam5 spius sit4 ,cel4 ,jussieu#aej quasi mirabundus dicit1 se semel alcyonium et spongiam ramosam s9e polypis inv5isse1 licet rec5t] a rupe ess5t ab/ract4 ,t]tium argum5tum erit1 quod f]e semp] una eademque#aea corall9 planta div]si g5]is alat polypis3 9 una eademque#aeb corall9 tubul>i planta qu9que div]sas polyporum species inv5i#aec4 ,liceat jam mihi rog>e1 quibusnam horum qu9que hc corall9a ortum suum debeat8 ,c]te non prim aut secund1 ut videtur1 magnitud9is1 nam hi summis tantum insid5t corall9 extremitatibus1 et microscopium cl>e o/5dit locum1 ubi corpus polypi m9us pellucidum et sup]ficiei rudioris glabr huic corall9 adhret4 ,nec fabricavit corall9am t]tia species1 qu extrema corporis p>te1 quasi caud1 corall9 e/ affixa3 et m9us adhuc qu>ta1 nam cl>e vid]e e/1 horum cellulas corall9 circumdatas1 ut exam5 apum arboris ramum circumcludit3 et si h polyporum cellul non nimis d5s sunt1 ipsius corall9 color translucet4 ,si h quatuor polyporum species hanc corall9am non fabricav]9t1 non fecit c]te qu9ta4 #aed,mirabilissima et m9ima hc animalcula ad g5us polyporum c]te p]t95t1 et omnibus f]e corall9is1 algis1 aliisque plantis m>9is incr$ibili spe insid5t copia4 ,jucundissimum e/ vid]e1 quomodo se exp&unt1 et mox mira agilitate1 capta prd1 se subito contrahunt1 quod bis vel t] 9 m9uto hor repetunt4 que jam1 ut 9 una eademque corall9 planta div]sos inv5is polypos1 sic 9 div]sis corall9 speciebus videbis similes et eosdem polypos3#aee quod etiam illi ob/at s5t5ti corall9as polyporom esse opus aut fabricam4 ,polypi dum op]antur1 ut ct]a animalia1 in/9ctu innato op]antur3 ergo1 una eademque polyporum species semp] easdem fubric>et corall9as3 sic semp] similes et uni=mes apes faciunt favos1 vesp nidos1 arane tela4 ,hic v]o contr>ium ev5iret2 iidem polypi uno tempore hanc1 alio tempore illam fabric>5t corall9am3 quod rationi contr>ium e/1 et mihi qu>tum argum5tum4 ,s$ hoc v]um e/1 quod eadem polyporum species non div]sas corall9as1 s$ 9 div]sis corall9is easdem et uni=mes semp] sibi con/ruant cellulas4 ,qu9to1 si corall9 a polypis ess5t fabrefact1 nunquam polypi et eorum cellul etiam vivis animalibus1 aliisque corporibus1 ess5t adfix4 ,polypos inv5i 9 o/reorum#aef con*is1 cancri#aeg ara*noide p$ibus1 animali#aeh1 quod emiss>iorum januis et navibus quietis spius adhret et anus 7a>s-gat7 vocatur1 et aliis plurimis1 s9e m9imo corall9 ve/igio4 ,et animalia illa1 qu piscatores no/ri#aei klap-kont5 vocant1 et majorum polyporum species esse vid5tur1 nunquam t5]is insid5t corall9is1 s$ semp] hc supra o/reorum con*as et lapides inv5i1 et quamvis illorum progressum ipse non vid]im1 tam5 de loco 9 locum sese transmovisse1 exp]tus sum4 ,sexto3 ,h corall9 non solum polypis1 s$ co*leis1 bucc9is#afj aliisque plurimis insectis m>9is conv5iunt1 ut illis ova vel prog5iem confidant4 ,hoc prcipue m5sibus ,febru>io et ,m>tio vid]e e/3 accepi tunc div]sas corall9as div]sis co*leis et bucc9is pl5as1 et spe int] hc quosdam cancellos ova sua jamjam exclud5tes4 ,mat] co*lea ovula sua supra vel juxta corall9as deposuit2 pulli exclusi contra has asc5d]unt1 ne illis innixi fluctuum motu elu]5tur1 vel ut adv]sus ho/es suos tuto se abscond]5t4 ,quantum omnibus animalibus div9a prospex]it prud5tia1 animus nunquam satis assequi quacunque indu/ria pote/4 ,deus1 ut jam animadv]tit ,rex#afa ,psalmi/a1 plantavit arbores c$ros ,libani1 ubi avicul nidific5t1 et abietes domicilia ciconi3 ,montes excelsissimos rupicapr>um1 petras murium montanorum p]fugium4 ,sic corall9 domicilia et p]fugium sunt polypis aliisque m9oribus insectis m>9is4 ,et prs]tim hoc c5seo1 quia tempore hyemali1 m5sibus ,decembri et ,janu>io1 corall9>um ramos plurimis vesiculis1 op]culo vel valvula tectis1 obsessos inv5i3 qu>e has vesiculas habeo pro ovis ab aliis insectis 8 corall9is impositis4 ,omnes1 qui nunquam satis laud&a incomp>abilis ,,reaumurii scripta leg]unt1 sciunt1 quam miris et diff]5tibus modis insecta qudam sua ova opponunt1 vel 9 #afb;gyrum1 vel 9 #afcl9eam spiralem1 vel #afds+ula ova a filis lib]e 9 a]e p5d5tia1 vel1 ut hic f]e casus e/1 p]#afep>ia lignos sub/anti ramorum imposita4 ,quam mira quam v>ia e/ etiam ipsorum #affovorum figura6 ,culicum#afg autem ova1 quoad ext]nam figuram1 quam maxime 8 corall9 vesiculis similia sunt4 ,omnia v]o insectorum ova int] se et cum 8 vesiculis 9 eo conv5iunt1 quod#afh op]culum vel valvulum hab5t eo 9 loco1 ubi eruca vel v]mis exitum inv5ire debet2 p]mitt5te quidem hac valvul exitum extrorsum1 omnem v]o introitum aris vel aqu prorsus negante4 ,s$ prt] hanc cum aliorum insectorum ovis conv5i5tiam1 ips vesicul mihi v]a ova vid5tur1 quia rec5t] ex m>e extract erant p]spicu1 9 spiritu frum5ti v]o /atim fiebant opac1 alb1 cum puncto flavo#afi4 ,secundo1 quia hyeme plures vesicul 9 corall9is rep]iuntur1 p]pauc v]o /ate2 nam tum illorum pulli exclusi sunt1 et corall9 co*leis p>vis1 =san ex 8 ovis prog5itis1 magis sunt obsess4 ,nam h vesicul mihi ipsorum polyporum ova esse non vid5tur1 licet spius #agjpolypos 9 illis inv5ire contigit3 et ideo cr$]em hos polypos 9 vesiculis rep]tos1 quoniam licet adulti tam5 vesiculis multo m9ores s9t1 po/ v]i pulli exclusionem 9 vacua illa ova irrepsisse2 cum jam antea obs]vavimus cancellos 9 vacua irrep]e bucc9a1 et ipsos polypos vacuis corall9 tubul>i summitatibus sese adfig]e4 ,s$ quam maxime has vesiculas non polyporum1 s$ aliorum animalculorum ova esse c5seo1 quia p]spicacissimus ,reaumurius initio hyemis 9 oris ,galli prov9ci ,pictavi5sis 7,poit\7 ova co*le>um m>9>um inv5]it1 qu quamvis 8 vesiculis paulum majora1 erant tam5 simillima#aga4 ,licet corall9 speciosam habeant v]isimilitud9em1 ut quasi animalium opus app>eant1 ali tam5 sunt plant m>91 prs]tim alcyonium digitatem molle1 quas adhuc magis a polypis fabrefactas dic]es2 s$ si accuratione indag9e obs]vantur1 pro v]is plantis erunt agnosc5d1 ut 9 po/]um1 qu&o pr(usius agam de plantis m>9is1 demon/r>e sp]o4 ,alia v]o alcyonia1 ut vesic>ia m>9a ,bauh9i1 c4 v]a animalium op]a1 namque eorum sunt ov>ia4 ,plant m>9 unic non sunt1 qu pro insectorum op]e sunt habit4 ,liceat mihi locum adf]re ex notis1 quas ,nobilissimus ,lyonnet ,!ologi insectorum ,doctiss4 el ,rev4 ,less]s subjunxit3 8,cr$5dum non e/1 ut quidam faciunt1 si /agnantes aquas viridi et fibros membrana tectas videas1 hanc insectorum texturam esse4 ,e/ alg species1 qu 9 8 /agnis crescit1 et insectis e/ pro alim5to40#agb ,de ,polypis ,corall9is insid5tibus4 ,completam hi/ori et oeconomi polyporum 9 corall9is rep]torum descriptionem d>e nondum suscipio1 s$ paucis en>rabo1 qu de illis obs]v>e mihi licuit4 ,auctores1 qui aqu dulcis polypos exam9>unt1 quatuor eorum species enum]ant3 s$ 9 aqua m>9a major diff]5tium speci]um num]us e/2 plus quam vig9ti div]sos vidi polypos1 quos ut plurimum 9 laudatis figuris etiam del9eavit accuratissimus ,ellis1 et pr(ecto adhuc plures sunt4 ,s$ hic mon5dum1 quod cum aqu dulcis polypi nudo oculo facile queant conspici1 pl]ique m>9i non nisi l5te aut microscopio poss9t exam9>i3 et aqua m>9a1 9 qua polypi vivunt1 bis1 vel ad m9imum semel1 nuc!m]i spatio1 debet r5ov>i1 aut polypi moriantur4 ,ad exemplum ,d4 ,s*aff] 9 duas species primo polypos di/+uam2 9 polypos1 qui cellulas sibi con/ruant1 et 9 polypos1 qui corporis extremitate corall9is aliisque corporibus extus sese affigant1 vel 9 cavitates naturales alcyoniorum1 coralliorum1 c4 7de quibus 9 po/]um7 irrepant1 ut cancelli 9 vacua bucc9a4 ,polypi1 qui 9 cellulis habitant1 ct]is pl]umque sunt m9ores3 horum cellul corall9#agc truncum vel ramos circumdant1 a quibus prud5ti manu s9e corall9 lsione satis facile possunt abradi3 et si h cellul non nimia s9t copia1 et corall9a contra solis spl5dorem inspiciatur1 prs]tim si color vivide rub]1 aureus aut subnig] e/1 facile p] ipsas cellulas translucet4 ,polyporum1 qui s9e cellulis 9 corporum quorundam cavitatibus habitant1 aut extr9secus illis affixi sunt1 plurim sunt species4 ,ap]tis#agd corall9 tubul>i ramis 7nam 9 tali planta semp] adsunt rami vel tubi naturalit]#age clausi1 id e/1 integri1 9 quibus nunquam polypus insidet7 majorum polyporum species spius supra s$et2 quos a colore rub5te polypos vocabo cocc9eos1 et pr ct]is obs]vavi4 ,9 detritis et ap]tis1 ut modo dixi1 corall9 tubul>i ramulis1 ins]ta sua cauda vel corporis p>te po/]iore1 polypus habitat1 et ex hoc ramo facile et spe levi quassatione delabitur1 prs]tim si ille jam p] aliquot dies s]vatus debilis1 g]1 aut mortuus sit#agf4 ,si vegetum talem polypum1 corall9 insid5tem1 vehem5tius amplificante microscopio intu]is1 facile diff]5tiam vides int] scabram et quasi granulatam polypi cutem1 et lvissimam corall9 corticem4 ,hic polypus cocc9eus duplici bra*iorum g5]e e/ munitus1 quod 9 aliis m9oribus non vidi2 et hc coloris sunt subalbidi4 #agg;,inf]iora et longiora octodecim vel vig9ti sunt1 nam num]us spe v>iat1 et expansa pat9am =mant1 9 cujus m$io#agh ipsum polypi corpus cocc9eum e/4 ,hoc corpus 9 duas p>tes dividi pote/4 ,inf]iori plac5tam ref]5ti p]p5dicul>it] alia pyri=mis e/ infixa1 qu duodecim#agi vel quatuordecim habet bra*ia1 prioribus t5uiora et breviora4 ,hanc p>tem pyri=mem polypus valde #ahj;ext5d]e pote/1 prs]tim si prdam captans expansa claudit#aha bra*ia2 et rursus ita contrah]e1 ut quasi #ahb;globulus inf]iori et depress p>ti adhreat4 ,9 extremo hujus p>tis #ahcos polypi esse videtur3 s$ ob p>tium exilitatem non omnia satis di/9cta possunt vid]i1 ut 9 majoribus aqu dulcis polypis2 s$ ex similitud9e p>tium hc tuto licet conclud]e4 ,si longiora bra*ia =tiori microscopio att5te contempl>is1 cutem eorum valde asp]am vides1 ut e/ piscium 7quos ,haij5 vocant7 vel ut sup]ficies corii granulati 7*agre9-le]7 =sitan ut m9ora animalcula1 qu polyporum esca sunt1 eo melius1 ne elabantur1 ret9]e poss9t4 ,s$ int] hujus speciei polypos vidi umum ct]is#ahd majorem1 ex cujus corpore1 illo loco ubi p>s sup]ior inf]iori et depress inhret1 sex vel octo enascebantur#ahe ramuli1 9 quorum extremitatibus erant duo vel tres p>vi globuli1 punctum cocc9eum 9 m$io hab5tes4 ,huic polypo bis 9 die novam d$i aquam1 quam maxime de ejus vita sollicitus1 ea spe1 ut hi globuli 9 juniores excresc]5t polypos1 s$ quamvis p] m5sem sic vivum s]vav]im1 nihil mutatum vidi1 nisi quod globuli paululum evas]9t majores4 ,qu de9ceps de polyporum g5]atione obs]vavi1 non ita mihi satisfaciunt1 ut illa pro c]tis et comprobatis habeam3 si v]o hac /ate meliora adiscam1 ,regi ,societati indicabo4 ,de aliis ,insectis ,m>9is4 ,si noctu aqua m>is1 qu littora no/ra alluit1 lapide injecto vel baculo movetur1 innum]as vid]e e/ sc9tillas igneas1 qu nihil aliud sunt1 quam m9ima animalcula luc5tia1 non nisi =tiore microscopio visibilia4 ,ut hc animalcula idone colligas copi1 suffici5tem aqu quantitatem1 9 qua has sc9tillas obs]va/i1 p] *>tam emporeticam filtr>e facias1 donec semiuncia aut m9us aqu supra *>tam re/at3 hujus guttula1 vitro concavo1 p5icilli vel p5n ope1 imposita1 =tiore microscopio exam9etur1 et cel]imo motu illa nat>e videbis4 ,tres div]sas horum obs]vavi species1 quas ad vivum del9eatas exhibet tabul ,x4 fig4 ,i4 ,s$ m>e plura alit insecta1 quibus hc luc5di facultas ine/1 et quorum 9 corall9is rep]torum qudam del9eata sunt tab ,x4 fig4 #a1 #b1 #d1 #e4 s$ quoniam plures #ahf;auctores de 8 scrips]unt1 non commemorabo4 ,si corall9 rec5t] ex m>e extract major planta1 orbi porcellano concavo1 et cujus fundus e/ pr(undi coloris crulei1 cum suffici5te quantitate aqu m>9 pellucidissim et filtrat1 at ante jam monui1 imponatur1 et ejus ramuli prud5t] p5na exp&5tur1 et l5te ocul>i inspiciantur1 silvam saepius vid]e e/1 9 qua plurima pascuntor animalia1 prt] div]si g5]is polypes ramis infixos et bra*ia ext5d5tes3 alia plura sunt1 prs]tim 9 infima p>te1 si corall9 supra o/rea crev]9t1 qu huc et illuc cursitant1 et =sitan spius hianti o/reo alim5to ins]viunt4 ,sic vigesimo t]tio ,octobris #agef o/reum accepi1 cui magna #ahg;corall9 planta erat innata1 9 qua1 prt] tres div]sas polyporum species1 sex diff]5tia rep]iebam insecta4 #ahh,primum v]mis erat1 cujus caput sex majoribus et duobus m9oribus cornubus erat in/ructum4 #ahi;,alt]am valde p>vum araneam longip$em 7,gallis le ,fau*eur7 ref]ebat1 admodum l5te se mov5s4 ,t]tium v]mis erat1 similis figur #c1 s$ 9 design&o dep]debatur4 #aij,qu>tum1 qu9tum et sextum non nisi =tiore microscopio di/9cte erant visibilia4 ,horum quod litt]a c nocatur1 mir& erat /ructur4 ,div]sa sic o/rea et corall9as explorans1 plura talia admir&a insecta vidi1 quorum del9eationem si/unt tabulae ,x4 figur #b1 #c1 #d1 #e1 #g4 ,decimo sexto ejusdem m5sis ,octobris1 plures mihi s$ valde p>v apportabantur corall91 qu a dolio coni=mi erant abras3 9 8 licet spe et att5te exploratis nullos deteg]e pot]am polypos1 s$ duo alia mirabilissima insecta4 ,illu/ration3 ,philos4 ,trans4 ,vol4 ,l4 ,,tab ,,vii4 p4 #bge4 ,i4 ,rhosiud ad vivum p9xit4 ,j4 ,mynde sc4 ,horum1 qu secunda figura tabul decim litt]a ,a exhibet1 erant millia1 cel]rimo motu vel rep5tia vel natantia3 sex suis p$ibus po/remis ramulum arripiebant1 ut eruc>um1 quas geometras appellant1 mos e/1 et mirum 9 modum prone et sup9e se flect5tes1 de ramo 9 ramum saliebant quasi agilissimi4 ,int] hc erant pauca ct]is majora1 qu #aianaturali et #aib;aucta magnitud9e del9e>e curavi4 #aic;,alt]um animal non m9os mirum erat2 s$ horum omnium cognitio multo melius del9eationis inspectu1 quam ex valde prolixa descriptione peti pote/4 ,s$ si omnia insecta m>9a1 qu 9 div]sis corall9is rep]i1 del9e>e vellem1 inf9itum opus suscip]em2 nam eorum num]us et div]sitas captum no/rum sup]ant4 ,hc ergo1 ut sp]o1 suffici5t ad demon/r&um corall9as non polyporum opus aut fabricam esse1 s$ 8 et plurimis aliis insectis m>9is domicilio et p]fugio aut alim5to ins]vire4 ,dabam ,ziriz 9 ,zel&ia1 #ag ,m>tii #ageg4 ,,tabul>um ,,explicatio4 ,,tabula ,,septima4 ,fig4 ,i4 ,exhibet corall9 plantam1 qu corall9a muscosa1 sive muscus m>9us t5ui capillo sp]mophorus vocatur4 ,fig4 ,,ii4 ,corall9a ramulis di*otomis t5]is capill>ibus rub5tibus4 ,fig4 ,,iii4 ,junior planta corall9 tubul>i l>yngi similis4 ,fig4 ,,iv4 ,du species a1 b1 fig4 ,i4 et4 ,,ii4 et c es*>a papyracea utr9que cellulif]a1 uni basi adnat1 quod spius 9 doliis m>9is coni=mibius contigit4 ,fig4 ,v4 ,corall9 rubr ramulus1 quem p] aliquot hebdomadas 9 aqua m>9a spius r5ovata s]vavi1 quo tempore p>vi ramuli a1 a1 multum crev]unt1 et alii b1 b1 pullulav]unt4 ,fig4 ,,vi4 ,p>s con* o/rei1 9 qua1 prt] filam5ta qudam viridia1 duo polypi a a conspici5di4 ,fig4 ,,vii4 ,canc] ara*noideus1 cui du polyporum species insidebant4 ,s+ulus 9 a1 et multi cellulas habitantes 9 b4 ,fig4 ,,viii4 ,animal1 quod a>sgat vocatur1 et januis emissasiorum vet]ioribus et navibus accrescit3 huic p>va corall9 planta erat innata1 9 qua nullos deteg]e pot]am polypos2 plurimos v]o b4 b4 ipsi animali insid5tes4 ,n4,b4 ,caudas horum et prc$5tis figur polyporum nimis longas del9eavit pictor1 ut eo melius 9 conspectum v5ir5t4 ,,tabula ,,octava4 ,fig4 ,i4 ,ramus corall9 rub5tis magnitud9e naturali4 ,fig4 ,,ii4 ,idem microscopio visus1 et tres polyporum species 9 eo conspici5d4 a4 b4 ,du div]s species caud vel corporis p>te po/]iore corall9 affix4 c4 ,t]tia species 9 cellulis habitans4 d4 ,polypus mortuus4 e4 ,polyporum cellul4 ,fig4 ,,iii4 ,planta corall9 tubul>i l>yngi similis magnitud9e naturali4 ,fig4 ,,iv4 ,hujus plant ramus maximus1 microscopio visus1 9 quo qu9que div]sos polypos inv5i4 a4 ,prima et maxima species polypi1 quem cocc9eum voco1 et tab4 ,,ix4 fig4 ,,ii4 =tiore adhuc microscopio visum exhibet4 b4 ,eadem s$ m9or species4 c4 ,t]tia1 qu eadem ut hujus tabul fig4 ,,ii4 litt4 b4 d4 ,qu>ta1 qu eadem ut hujus tabul fig4 ,,ii4 litt4 c4 e4 ,qu9ta et m9ima polyporum species1 maxime aucta magnitud9e adhuc del9eata fig4 #a4 tab4 ,,ix4 f4 ,cellul1 quas qu>ta species habitat4 ,fig4 ,v4 ,corall9a erecta p5nata d5ticulis alt]nis caule appressis3 9 hac nulli erant polypi nisi 9 cellulis circumcirca truncam affixis a a4 b4 ,co*le magnitud9e auct 9 ,b4 c4 ,es*>a millepora m9ima cru/acea cellulis tubi=mibus1 animalculis domicilio ins]vi5s1 et magnitud9 auct 9 ,c4 ,fig4 ,,vi4 ,corall9a abietis =ma1 quam m5se ,decembri accepi3 ejus rami vesiculis vel ovulis a1 a1 p] p>ia ord9e quadam positis1 erant obsessi4 ,a4 ,talis vesicula vel ovum microscopio visum4 b4 ,co*le1 c4 ,es*>a m9ima1 ut 9 prc$5te figura magnitud9e aucta 9 ,b et ,c4 d4 d4 ,dua corpuscula fusca1 qu microscopio visa nidum v]mium ref]unt 9 ,d4 ,fig4 ,,vii4 ,corall9a p5nata et siliquata1 ab o/reo ab/racta3 9 hac prt] tres polyporum species a ,a1 b ,b4 7qu cdem ac 9 fig4 ,,ii47 c ,c1 sex alia insecta rep]ire contigit1 qu del9eata sunt 9 tab4 ,x4 fig4 #a1 #f1 #h4 ,illu/ration3 ,philos4 ,trans4 ,vol4 ,l4 ,,tab4 ,,viii4 p4 #bgf4 ,i4 ,rhodius ad vivum p9xit4 ,j4 ,mynde sc4 ,,tabula ,,nona4 ,fig4 ,i4 ,m9imorum polyporum m>9orum g5us1 cum polypis ramosis 7polypes b\quet7 aqu dulcis conv5i5s4 ,a4 talis polypus cons]v m>9 viridi insid5s vix oculo nudo conspicuus4 ,b4 idem l5te ocul>i1 et 9 ,c =tiore visus microscopio4 ,fig4 ,,ii4 ,polypus cocc9eus1 quem tabul secund ,fig4 ,,iii4 ,,iv4 naturali et aucta magnitud9e exhib5t1 hic =tissimo microscopio visus4 ,a4 hic polypus expansis bra*iis1 prdam expectans4 ,b4 idem bra*ia contrah5do1 prdam arripi5s4 a4 ,bra*ia majora inf]iora num]o #af1 #ah1 vel #bj4 b4 ,bra*ia sup]iora breviora num]o #ab1 #ad1 vel #af4 c4 ,corporis p>s sup]ior pyri=mis1 inf]iori infixa4 d4 ,corporis p>s inf]ior compressa4 e4 ,locus1 ubi polypus corall9 inhret4 ,c4 idem polypus a p>te ant]iore visus1 cum corporis p>tem sup]iorem pyri=mem 9 globulum contrax]at1 quod 9 majoribus polypis 7vide infra fig4 ,,iv1 ,v1 ,,vi47 magis visibile4 ,fig4 ,,iii4 ,similis polypus cocc9eus1 ct]is major1 ex cujus corpore 7ubi p>tes c et d conjunguntur7 octo ramuli enascebantur1 qui 9 summitatibus duos vel tres g]ebant globulos1 punctum rubrum 9 m$io hab5tes1 et quos 9 polypos juniores excreturos =e sp]av]am fru/ra4 a4 ,hujus polypi bra*ia longiora inf]iora4 b4 ,bra*ia breviora sup]iora4 c4 ,9 m$io corporis pyri=mis os polypi esse videtur4 ,fig4 ,,iv4 ,majus1 ut videtur1 g5us polyporum1 quos klapkont5 vocant1 o/reorum con*is insid5tium1 quorum hic1 rudius attractum1 bra*ia p5itus 9 corpus suum abscondit4 ,fig4 ,v4 ,idem polypus corpore ext5so bra*ia exp&5s4 ,fig4 ,,vi4 ,idem capta prda se contrah5s4 ,illu/ration3 ,philos4 ,trans4 ,vol4 ,l4 ,,tab4 ,,ix4 p4 #bgh4 ,i4 ,rhodius ad vivum p9xit4 ,j4 ,mynde sc4 ,illu/ration3 ,philos4 ,trans4 ,vol4 ,l4 ,,tab4 ,x4 p4 #bgi4 ,i4 ,rhodius ad vivum p9xit4 ,j4 ,mynde sc4 ,,tabula ,,decima4 ,fig4 ,i4 ,tres species animalculorum luc5tium 9 guttula aqu m>9 =tiore microscopio visorum4 ,fig4 ,,ii4 ,mirum animalculum 9 corall9is a doliis m>9is coni=mibus abrasis rep]tum4 ,a4 tales m9ores erant c5t5i4 ,b4 decem vel duodecim erant hac magnitud9e naturali4 ,c4 idem animal microscopio visum4 a4 ,ant5n4 b4 ,primum p> p$um vel bra*iorum4 c4 ,secundum p>4 d4 ,t]tium et maximum p>4 e1 e1 e1 e4 ,quatuor corpuscula ovi=mia1 qu animal ut movebat nat&o4 f1 f1 f1 f1 f1 f4 ,sex p$es po/]iores1 quibus simul corall9 ramum arripi5s1 quaquav]sum se flectore pot]at4 g4 ,cauda 9 cujus extrema p>te anus4 h4 ,oculi4 ,fig4 ,,iii4 ,aliud animal 9 iisdem corall9is rep]tum4 ,a4 illud animal pronum4 ,b4 sup9um4 ,c4 =tiore microscopio visum4 ,fig4 #a1 #b1 #c1 #d1 #e1 #f1 #g1 #h4 exhib5t quasdam noctilucas1 et alia animalcula 9 div]sis corall9is rep]ta1 ea magnitud9e1 qua t]tia et qu>ta l5s microscopii ,d4 ,cuff 9 ,anglia fabrefacti illa o/5dit4 ,animalculum c1 fig4 #h4 mirabilissim erant /ructur1 et plurima habebat membra4 ,,xxxiii4 ,rem>ks on ,dr4 ,job ,ba/]'s ,obs]vationes de ,corall9is1 c4 pr9t$ above1 p4 #beh4 ,9 a ,lett] to ! ,"r ,hon\rable ,george ,e>l ( ,macclesfield1 ,presid5t ( ! ,r4 ,s4 f ,mr4 ,john ,ellis1 ,f4,r4,s4 ,read ,june #i1 #ageg4 ,my ,"l1 ,i ,,h read ,dr4 ,job ,ba/]'s lett] to ! ,royal ,society2 :]e9 he endeav\rs to prove1 t corall9es are n ( an animal1 b a vegetable nature2 & has br\ght _m argum5ts to support 8 sy/em2 :i*1 to g5tlem5 n well acqua9t$ ) ! subject1 may appe> plausible4 ,i c\ld h wi%$ ! ,doctor _h read & exam9$ ?or\ghly :at has be5 lately writt5 on ! subject3 ,i !n %\ld n h _h occasion to tr\ble y\r ,lord%ip ) ! foll[+ rem>ks1 :i* ,i f9d necess>y to support :at ,i h already advanc$ on t head4 ,8 fir/ argum5t is1 ,t because he does n f9d z _m polypes 9 ! corall9es adh]+ to %ips1 flood-gates1 & buoys1 z 9 deep wat] on oy/]s1 muscles1 & rocks1 !re=e he concludes1 t corall9es are n =m$ by polypes4 ,9 answ] to ?is1 let u exam9e ! pliable /ructure ( ^! bodies1 & h[ wisely nature has def5d$ su* t5d] sub/ances ) a t\gh ?9 membranace\s cov]+1 & we %all f9d1 t ! sea is calm en\gh (t5 ne> ! surface to give !m "t to gr[1 ev5 9 ! /ronge/ curr5ts3 b1 )\t d\bt1 !y are m liable to be de/roy$ 9 su* agitat$ situations1 ?an 9 ! calm dep?s ( ! sea4 ,8 second argum5t is1 ,t f9d+ polypes are n equally disp]s$ ov] ! :ole plant1 h[ c !y =m x8 & gives u an example1 ,tab4 ,,viii4 fig4 #e4 ( a corall9e1 t is incru/$ ) _m o!r corall9es or polypes on ! /em1 b has none on ! bran*es4 ,"h we pla9ly see ! mi/ake3 ! ,doctor looks = ! t5d] "p ( ! polype on ! surface ( ! corall9e1 consid]+ x z a plant2 & inde$1 if ?is 0 ! case1 he ought s to d2 b he nev] once takes notice ( ! int]nal holl[ /ructure ( ! /em1 bran*es1 & d5ticles ( ^? bodies1 to in=m u :e!r he f\nd an animal 9 ^? p>ts or no4 ,?is mat]ial po9t he seems n to h ?\ght on2 :i* is really ! true po9t 9 controv]sy at pres5t among g5tlem51 :o h n exam9$ ^! bodies rec5t 9 sea-wat]4 ,8 ?ird argum5t is1 ,t almo/ always "o & ! same corall9e plant *]i%es polypes ( diff]5t k9ds2 & ref]s u to ,tab4 ,,viii4 fig4 #b4 & #d4 ,9 fig4 #b4 he gives u an elegant pa9t+ ( a g5iculat$ r$ cons]va = a corall9e1 surr\nd$1 z is v common1 by _m species ( small corall9es & es*>as4 ,& 9 fig4 #d4 he gives u a draw+ ( "o ( ! tubul> corall9es1 ) ! head ( ! animal at ! top ( x2 ! /em ( ?is is incru/$ ) f\r diff]5t corall9es & es*>as1 l ! cons]va fig #b42 & !n he asks1 :i* ( ^! five polypes made ! tubul> corall9e8 ,to give him "s pro( ( ! animal nature ( ?is corall9e1 let him consult ,ray's ,synopsis1 ed4 #c4 p4 #cd4 n4 #d4 & !re he w f9d "o ( 8 species1 call$ adianti aurei m9imi facie planta m>9a1 tak5 notice ( s long ago z ! ye> #agac4 by ,dr4 ,lloyd1 z a zoophyte1 f its /em or tube's be+ full ( a ?ick r$di% liquor1 r resembl+ blood ?an ! juice ( a plant2 :i*1 ^u press+ ! /em1 communicat$ ) ! little head at top4 ,8 f\r? argum5t is1 ,t z ^u "o & ! same corall9e plant y %all f9d diff]5t k9d ( polypes2 s1 9 diff]5t species ( corall9e1 ! same polypes2 &1 to confirm ?is1 he quotes my ,essay on ,corall9es2 :]e ,i h rem>k$1 t ! polypes 9 ! d5ticles ( ! setace\s or bri/ly corall9e1 ,n4 #af4 appe> to be l ^?1 t are on ! lob/]'s horn corall9e1 ,n4 #ai4 ,& to illu/rate ?is1 he obs]ves1 t bees & wasps always build _! cells inv>iably ! same2 & t !re=e ^! two corall9es %\ld be ! same4 ,b h]e9 he takes ?is matt] wrong3 he has consid]$1 9 all 8 obs]vations1 ! heads ( ^? p>ts ( ! polype1 9 :i* are ! m\?s1 arms1 or t5tacula1 :i* appe> com+ out ( ! cups1 d5ticles1 & at ! ends ( ! tubes ( ! corall9es1 z s _m :ole & intire animals1 )\t e obs]v+1 t ! body ( ! animal is conta9$ 9 ! tubul> "p ( ! root1 /em1 & bran*es2 & t ^! diff] f "o ano!r widely bo? 9 size & %ape1 z he may pla9ly see 9 ! two corall9es he has in/anc$3 = ! m exact draw+s ( :i*1 ,i %all ref] him1 viz4 = ! setace\s or bri/ly corall9e1 to my ,plate1 ,n4 #ch4 ! natural size ( :i* is at fig4 #d4 & ! magnifi$ "o at fig4 ,d3 ?is he w obs]ve to h a small /em1 & its bran*es dispos$ 9 a p9nat$ =m3 & = ! lob/]'s-horn corall9e1 ,i %all ref] him to ,tab4 xxii4 ( ,vol4 xlviii4 ( ! ,philosophical ,transactions2 :]e1 at ,n4 #c4 ! natural size is express$1 & at ,c ! upp] "p ( ?is corall9e is drawn 9 proportion to ! bri/ly corall9e f ! same magnify+ glass2 :i* %ews ! /em to be mu* l>g]1 & surr\nd$ by its bran*es gr[+ 9 :orles at equal di/ances1 n unlike ! equisetum1 or horse-tail plant2 & yet ! heads ( ?is animal ne>ly resemble ! o!r1 only a little l>g]4 ,fur!r1 8 comp>ison to bees & wasps1 & _! cells1 is n conclusive3 = ^! ramifi$1 holl[1 & d5ticulat$ bodies1 call$ corall9es1 :i* we s frequ5tly f9d dead on our %ores1 are prop]ly sk9s ( c]ta9 m>9e polypes1 & n ne/s1 z ^? con/ruct$ by ^! little w+$ animals are4 ,& yet we f9d z great a regul>ity 9 ! same species ( ^! corall9es1 z :5 we comp>e two oak trees to "o ano!r1 or two ( ,mr4 ,trembley's bran*$ fre%-wat] polypes to "o ano!r4 ,he !n proce$s to 8 fif? argum5t1 ,t if corall9es 7 =m$ by polypes1 nei!r ! polypes1 nor ev5 _! cells1 w\ld ev] fix on liv+ animals1 or any o!r bodies4 ,"h we may obs]ve1 t ! consequ5ce he draws do? n foll[2 = corall9es may be =m$ or produc$ by c]ta9 species ( polypes1 & yet polypes ( ano!r species may be f\nd adh]+ to o!r bodies1 & ev5 to animal bodies4 ,by 8 six? argum5t he endeav\rs to prove1 ,t ! vesicles1 :i* are f\nd 9 regul> r[s on ! sea-fir corall9e 9 w9t]1 ,tab4 ,,viii4 fig4 #f4 d n belong to x2 & are no m ?an ! eggs ( "s sea insect deposit$ on x1 ( :i* !re may be a great v>iety4 ,b to conv9ce him ( 8 mi/ake1 let him take (f "o ( ! vesicles1 & apply a l>ge magnifi] to ! place1 & he w discov] a hole1 by :i* ?is vesicle or ov>y has _h a communication ?ro' ! sk9 ) ! p>5t polype4 ,= a fur!r illu/ration ( ! mann] 9 :i* ^! vesiculat$ polypes bre$1 let him consult ! #ch? ,plate ( my ,essay1 :]e he w f9d sev]al accurate figures 7drawn by ,mr4 ,ehret f ! life7 ( ^! vesicles1 ) ! spawn ( ! polypes com+ out ( !m2 "s ( :i* spawn we evid5tly discov]$ to be "y polypes ) _! arms =m$2 &1 z !y fell f ! vesicle1 ext5d+ !mselves 9 ! wat*-glass ( sea-wat]4 ,9 exam9+ ! draw+s = 8 plates1 ,i h obs]v$1 t ,tab4 ,,vii4 fig4 #b4 is evid5tly a r$ cons]va1 :i* he calls a corall9e4 ,we h no corall9es1 b _m cons]vas1 ( ?is =m & bright r$ col\r on our coa/s2 & ^! %ores1 ,i believe1 are all[$ to h simil> m>9e productions ) ^? ( ,holl&4 ,tab4 ,,vii4 fig4 #e4 he calls a bran* ( r$ corall9e1 :i* he says he kept sev]al weeks 9 sea-wat]1 & t (t5 *ang$2 dur+ :i* "t x spr\t$ & grew v mu*4 ,?is exp]im5t1 ,i am p]suad$1 is v true2 because x is pla9ly a vegetable1 z appe>s f 8 own exact draw+ ( x2 & seems to be ! fucus t]es rub5s m9us 9 longnum prot5sus ( ,ray's ,synopsis1 ed4 #c4 p4 #ia4 ,n4 #ec4 ,?is is "o ( 8 pr9cipal argum5ts to prove ! vegetation ( corall9es4 ,tab4 ,,viii4 fig4 #a4 he calls a bran* ( r$ corall9e2 & at fig4 #b4 he has x magnifi$1 :]e x appe>s to be a g5iculat$ r$ cons]va1 drawn & pa9t$ ) great exactness4 ,^! argum5ts1 my ,"l1 & ^! figures ( real vegetables1 :i* ! ,doctor has giv5 u = corall9es1 %ew1 h[ mu* he is will+ to support ! old op9ion ( ! botani/s3 b ,i am satisfi$ he w soon alt] 8 op9ion1 :5 he obs]ves ! rem>kable diff]5ce ( ! texture ( vegetable & corall9e bodies1 :5 view$ 9 sea-wat] ?ro' a good aquatic microscope4 ,& to conv9ce him m fully1 t corall9es are an animal sub/ance1 let him burn !m1 & he w p]ceive ! same pung5t volatile alkal9e smell1 :i* he f9ds 9 burn+ horn1 hair1 or oy/]s2 :]eas burnt fucus's & cons]vas yield a smell n mu* unlike t ( common l& vegetables4 ,ev5 ! /ony corall9es1 :5 _! cretace\s cov]+ has be5 dissolv$ 9 v9eg>1 ! membran\s "p1 t rema9s ( !m1 put into ! fire1 yields ! same animal smell ) o!r corall9es4 ,fur!r1 s9ce ,i f9d ! ,doctor has promis$ ! ,royal ,society to cont9ue 8 rese>*es at ! seaside1 ! foll[+ h9ts may be ( use to him4 ,&1 fir/1 he w f9d1 t ^? he seems to ?9k nak$ polypes1 :i* he f\nd adh]+ to corall9es & o!r bodies1 are really small corall9es & es*>as1 ) _! prop] sk9s & cells2 all :i* ,i h p>ticul>ly describ$ already4 ,i w\ld !n recomm5d him to exam9e su* corall9es z are tak5 out ( ! deepe/ wat]1 :i* are f\nd adh]+ to %ells & fucus's4 ,he w f9d ,mr4 ,cuff's aquatic microscope1 or "o ( t =m1 ! mo/ commodi\s = obs]v+ ^! animals alive4 ,! mo/ transp>5t ones he w f9d ! be/ to discov] _! gelat9\s inside1 :i* runs ?ro' ! /em & ramifications1 & ends 9 ! heads1 :]e ! claws are4 ,"s ( ! be/ k9ds to obs]ve are z foll[s3 ,! sea-oak corall9e1 ! lily-fl[]+ corall9e1 ! great too? corall9e1 ! sea-?read corall9e1 & ! bran*$ tubul> corall9e4 ,pieces ( ^! %\ld be cut (f :ile !y are 9 ! sea wat]1 & plac$ 9 wat*-glasses full ( ! same3 9 ^! !y %\ld rema9 a :ile1 till !y recov] !mselves2 & :5 !y are plac$ on ! /age ( ! microscope1 ! motion ( ! int]nal "p communicat+ ) ! heads w be easily discov]$4 ,if ! ,doctor w imm]se "s ( ^! corall9es1 :5 !y are ext5d$1 9 two ?irds ( _s ( w9e & "o ?ird ( cle> sea-wat]1 x w pres]ve !m _m ye>s1 z ,i h exp]i5c$4 ,he may !n put ! diff]5t sorts into di/9ct phials1 & view !m at pleasure ) a l5s ( ab\t "o in* & half focus4 ,9 f9e1 my ,"l1 opportunities s seldom (f] at ! sea-side to make ^! exp]im5ts ) accuracy2 & likewise to ?is1 ! /rong l9es ( vegetation t ^! bodies c>ry 9 _! appe>ance1 & y\r ,lord%ip w n be surpris$1 t !re are s _m g5tlem51 ev5 ( ! ,royal ,society1 t totally disbelieve !m to be animals4 ,_m !re are 9 ! ,society1 t are wav]+ betwe5 bo? op9ions4 ,if !n1 my ,"l1 y ?9k1 t any specim5s :i* ,i h1 or any demon/rations t5d+ to cle> up ?is po9t1 t lie 9 my p[]1 w be acceptable to y\r ,lord%ip & ! ,society1 y\r ,lord%ip may freely comm& !m1 :5ev] y ?9k prop]1 f ,y\r ,,lord%ip',s ,mu* oblig$ & mo/ ob$i5t ,s]vant1 ,john ,ellis4 ,london1 ,june #i4 #ageg4 ,,xxxiv4 ,an ,acc\nt ( an extraord9>y ,op]ation p]=m$ 9 ! ,dock-,y>d at ,portsm\?3 ,drawn up by ,mr4 ,john ,rob]tson1 ,f4,r4,s4 ,read ,may #bf1 #ageg4 ,,! ,royal ,william1 a fir/ rate man ( w>1 built ab\t #dj ye>s ago1 hav+1 ^u exam9ation1 be5 judg$ 9 s good a /ate1 z to be wor?y ( repair+ = sea s]vice1 0 ord]$ into dock1 & br\ght ?i!r on ! #bi? ( ,june #agef4 ,on ^! occasions x is usual to lay across ! middle l9e ( ! bottom ( ! dock1 at di/ances ( ab\t five feet f "o ano!r1 ?ick pieces ( oak timb] ( ab\t f\r feet long2 _! upp] surfaces ly+ 9 ! same plane1 or s posit$1 t a l9e /ret*$ f ! two extreme blocks w t\* all ! int]m$iate ones2 & on ! middle ( ^! blocks ! keel ( ! %ip is to re/4 ,on ! said day ! tide did n rise s high z 0 expect$2 & !re 0 n q dep? en\gh ( wat] to float ! %ip 91 & set h] on ! blocks1 not)/&+ ! assi/ance ( an empty light]1 :i*1 be+ fix$ to ! /]n1 lift$ ! %ip at ! end six in*es3 & z ! (fic]s knew !y %\ld n h s mu* wat] aga9 be=e ! next spr+-tides1 !y 7 det]m9$ to heave h] 92 :i* is a v common op]ation 9 mo/ dock-y>ds4 ,n[ x s happ5$1 ?ro' ! great weight ( ! head & /]n1 t ! %ip camb]$ v mu*2 t is1 h] keel1 f be+ /raight1 0 become mu* curv$1 ! two extremities hang+ l[] ?an ! middle "p by _m in*es2 & consequ5tly ! =emo/ "p ( ! keel1 in/ead ( slid+ ov] ! blocks1 =c$ all ! =emo/ ones away1 = above #fj feet2 :]eby t "p ( ! keel re/$ on ! bottom or floor ( ! dock1 & ! aft]mo/ "p re/$ on su* ( ! blocks1 z _h escap$ ! viol5ce1 :i* _h displac$ ! o!rs4 ,9 ?is situation ! keel 0 v f> f be+ /rait2 & s x 0 resolv$ to lift by ma9 =ce ! head ( ! %ip1 until ! keel %\ld be /rait2 & 9 t position to support x by ! blocks1 :i* _h be5 =c$ away f _! places4 ,= ?is purpose !re 7 set up1 "u ! wales & o!r p>ts ( ! %ip1 to ! l5g? ( ne> #hj feet ( ! /em1 z _m %o>s1 z 7 judg$ necess>y2 & also n9e pair ( b$-screws1 ?ree pair "u ea* b[1 & ?ree pair "u ! knee ( ! head4 ,at ea* %o> a workman 0 appo9t$1 to drive w$ges betwe5 ! heels ( ! %o>s & ! p>ts ( ! dock :]eon !y re/$2 :]eby ! %o>s 7 rais$ end-wise1 & consequ5tly ! body ( ! %ip lift$ at ! same "t4 ,:ile ?is 0 do+1 ! #ah screws 7 also at "w3 & betwe5 ^! ef=ts ! =e "p ( ! %ip 0 rais$ upw>ds ( #ai in*es1 s mu* be+ necess>y to br+ ! =e "p ( ! keel 9 a "r l9e ) ! h9d] "p4 ,9 ?is s]vice 7 employ$ ab\t #bgj m52 :]e( ab\t #add work$ at ! screws1 & ! o!rs work$ at ! %o>s ) _! mawls & w$ges2 & ! :ole op]ation 0 p]=m$ 9 ab\t sev5 h\rs4 ,my curiosity lead+ me to inquire :at 0 ! weight ( ! %ip1 9 ! condition %e 0 at ! "t ( br++ h] into ! dock2 = ?is purpose ,i procur$ draughts ( ! elevation & section1 & ( ! plans at ! l9e ( float+1 & at ! p>allel sections ( e foot di/ance d[n to ! keel4 ,!n1 by f9d+ ! mean area betwe5 e two sections1 ,i 0 !reby enabl$ to come at ! magnitude ( a solid1 t w\ld ne>ly fill ! tr\gh ! %ip made 9 ! wat]2 &1 by increas+ ?is magnitude by t ( ! keel1 & s mu* ( ! /]n-po/ & /em1 z 7 "u wat]1 ! cubic feet ( ! fluid displac$ by ! %ip 7 obta9$1 be+ #edhfi2 & consequ5tly h] weight 0 #cecbjia p\nds1 or #aegf tons1 #af ,c4 #b qrs4 #c 4 ,^! numb]s 7 n altoge!r s easily come at1 z !y w\ld h be51 _h ! %ip swam on an ev5 keel1 h] draught ( wat] be=e be+ #ac feet #b in*es1 & aba/ #af feet #f in*es4 ,h[ev]1 ! computation may be e/eem$ z correct z ! nature ( ! subject w\ld admit2 because ,i f\nd pretty ne> ! same solidity by ano!r me?od4 ,i got a block or model made1 by a scale ( a qu>t] ( an in* to a foot1 ( s mu* ( ! ,royal ,william's body1 z 0 imm]g$1 :5 %e 0 br\ght into dock2 & ?is block ,i imm]s$ 9 a tr\gh ( sea-wat]1 & f\nd its weight 9 ! foll[+ mann]4 ,! l5g? ( ! tr\gh 0 #df in*es1 bread? #ad in*es1 & dep? #h in*es3 at ea* corn] 0 a graduat$ scale ( in*es1 & p5cil-l9es drawn r\nd ! inside ( ! tr\gh at e in*4 ,sea-wat] 0 p\r$ into ! tr\gh to ! height ( #e in*es2 & ! tr\gh 0 exactly levell$1 by means ( ! p5cil-l9e1 at #e in*es3 !n ! block be+ =c$ "u ! wat]'s surface1 ! fluid1 :5 /ill1 0 ris5 to #f in*es2 consequ5tly ! magnitude ( ! block 0 equal to a p>allelopip$on ( #df in*es long1 #ad in*es broad1 & #a in*es deep1 or to #heh cubic in*es4 ,n[ #heh cubic in*es are equal to #j4difi cubic feet4 ,& a cubic foot ( sea-wat] weighs #fd4cgc p\nds avoirdupoize4 ,!n #fd4cgc #j4difi #ca4ihg p\nds4 ,s t by a qu>t] in* scale1 a model simil> to ! ,royal ,william weighs ne> #cb 4 ,b a qu>t] in* scale is #dh ( a foot scale4 ,& ! model is to ! %ip z #a is to #dh1 or z #a is to #aajeib4 ,!n #cecgejf 4 7 #aajeib #ca4ihg71 or #aegi tons1 #d ,c4 #c qrs4 #ad 4 is ! weight s\ght4 ,! diff]5ce by ! two me?ods am\nts to #edae 4 or to #b tons1 #h ,c4 #a qr4 #aa 4 ,"s ( ! p]sons pres5t at ?is exp]im5t read ! height ( ! wat] at #f in*es3 ! diff]5ce betwe5 #f & #f in*es is #bd ( an in*2 a diff]5ce easily to be made by diff]5t p]sons 9 an exp]im5t ( ?is k9d4 ,b obs]v+1 t ! computation made on #f in*es am\nt$ to ne> #ej tons m ?an on #f in*es1 ,i caus$ ! tr\gh to be dim9i%$ 9 its dep? to #f in*es1 _h "o ( ! ends cut (f1 & a bo>d fix$ on ! op5 side1 be+ desir\s ( mak+ ! exp]im5t ) ! tr\gh /&+ on "o end3 & inde$1 9 ?is situation1 an error ( ( an in* 9 ! height ( ! wat] makes a diff]5ce ( ab\t #af tons 9 ! weight ( ! %ip4 ,into ?is upright tr\gh wat] 0 p\r$ to ! height ( #cf in*es2 & ! block be+ imm]g$1 ! wat] 0 rais$ #i in*es3 s t ! block 0 equal 9 magnitude to a p>allelopip$on ( #ad in*es long1 #f in*es wide1 & #i in*es deep1 or to #hdi cubic in*es3 f :5ce ,i f9d ! weight ( ! %ip to be #aefb tons1 #a ,c4 #b qrs4 #af 4 ,& al?o' ,i take ?is numb] to be ne>e/ ! tru?1 yet x may be obs]v$1 t x is no easy matt] to come at accuracy 9 ?is subject by any ( ! me?ods 9 common use4 ,my next inquiry 01 to f9d h[ mu* ( ?is weight 0 lift$1 & h[ to proportion x among ! screws & mawl-m53 b 9 ?is1 less accuracy mu/ be expect$ ?an 9 ! prec$+ inquiry2 = ! exact numb] ( m5 employ$ is n kn[n2 nei!r c x be told1 h[ _m work$ at ! screws1 & h[ _m ) ! mawls2 & only a guess c be made at ! "p lift$4 ,h[ev]1 some?+ may be ga!r$1 :i* may1 p]haps1 be wor? ! kn[+4 ,let ! weight rais$ be tak5 at half ! weight ( ! %ip2 = #fd feet1 ! l5g? ( ! keel rais$1 is n f> f half ! :ole l5g?3 add to ?is ! sally ( ! head1 ! weight ( ! =eca/le1 ! friction ( ! timb]1 & ! resi/ance ( ! p>ts b5t by ! camb]+3 beside1 ! mawls work$ at sev]al %o>s set up aba/ ! said #fd feet4 ,n[ ! weight by ! la/ exp]im5t 0 #cdiijfd p\nds3 "o half1 or #agdiecb 4 ,i take to be ! weight rais$ betwe5 ! screws & mawls4 ,! di/ance betwe5 two contigu\s ?reads ( ea* screw 0 #a in*es2 ! l5g? ( ! two opposite lev]s 0 #ab feet #h in*es1 or #aeb in*es1 & describ$ a circumf]5ce ( #dgg in*es3 ea* screw 0 work$ by #h m53 _! =ce1 reckon$ at #cj 4 ea*1 makes ! p[] work+ on ea* screw equal to #bdj 4 ,h5ce1 f ! kn[n prop]ty1 ea* screw c\ld raise #fedhe 4 ,& ! #ah screws rais$ #aaghgcj 4 ,!n !re rema9$ #egjhjb 4 to be rais$ among ab\t #abf mawls3 ,:i* gives #decj 1 or a little m ?an two tons1 to be rais$ by ea* man ) 8 mawl & w$ges2 :i* is consid]ably less ?an :at ,i h se5 rais$ by way ( exp]im5t4 ,,xxxv4 ,obs]vations on an ,ev5+1 or r ,nocturnal1 ,sol> ,iris4 ,by ,mr4 ,george ,edw>ds1 ,libr>ian ( ! ,college ( ,physicians4 ,to ! ,rev]5d ,dr4 ,bir*4 ,read ,june #af1 #ageg4 ,,sir1 ,,on ,sunday ev5+ ! #e? ( ,june #ageg1 be+ walk+ 9 ! fields ne> ,isl+ton1 ab\t half a mile nor? ( ! upp] res]voir or bason ( ! ,new ,riv]1 ,i obs]v$ ! sun to s9k b5ea? ! visible horizon to ! nor?-we/1 x be+ v cle> 9 t qu>t]1 except "s ?9 cl\ds a little above ! horizon1 :i* 7 pa9t$ ( f9e r$ & gold5 col\rs1 z is usual :5 ! sun sets 9 a calm cle> ev5+4 ,b ab\t #bj m9utes aft] sun-set1 z ne> z ,i c\ld judge1 x !n be+ d>ki%1 ,i 0 greatly surpris$ to see an ,iris 9 ! dusky air1 at a height great] ?an is se5 at any "t 9 ! ra9b[4 ,x 0 9 ! contr>y qu>t] ( ! heav5s to ! sett+ sun1 & fell on ! smoke1 mi/s1 & ev5+ vap\rs aris+ f ! city ( ,london & its neighb\rhood4 ,! ar* seem$ to be a full half circle1 ?o' its l[] p>ts fell "s degrees %ort ( ! horizon4 ,x 0 v di/9ctly se5 = ab\t #ae m9utes4 ,its col\rs ! same z 9 ! ra9b[1 b fa9t]4 ,! l[] ends ( ! b[ arose gradually high] f ! e>?1 z ! sun decl9$ b5ea? ! horizon1 until ! :ole ar* disappe>$4 ,! c5t] ( ! ar* 0 above ! horizon at its fir/ appe>ance4 ,:at mo/ p]plex$ me1 01 to f9d ! cause ( ?is pa9t$ ar*4 ,i c\ld n believe1 t x proce$$ f ! sun-beams fall+ on ra92 = !re _h be5 none t aft]noon2 nor 0 !re any sort ( signs ( ra9 or ra9y cl\ds to be se52 ! w9d be+ nor!rly1 & ! air cool1 & some:at hazy 9 ! qu>t] :]e ! b[ appe>$2 :i* 0 n ne> s bright z ! ra9b[ appe>s to be 9 ! day-"t2 & ,i believe1 t x w\ld n h be5 visible at all 9 ! pres5ce ( ! sun4 ,i imag9e x 0 =m$ on ! gross p>ticles ( ! ev5+ vap\rs1 mix$ ) ^? ( ! smoke aris+ f ! t[n2 = _h ! sun-beams %ot f b5ea? ! horizon on fall+ ra9 at a consid]able height above ! e>?1 ,i believe ! d>kness w\ld h r5d]$ ! appe>ance ( su* a b[ f> bright] ?an x appe>s to ! sight 9 ! pres5ce ( ! sun3 b ?is night or ev5+ ar* be+ reflect$1 z ,i suppose1 f p>ticles s m9ute z ^? ( float+ vap\rs1 gave b little light & col\r to ! sight1 & :at w\ld n h be5 visible1 _h ! sun be5 above ! horizon4 ,= ! same reason1 ! moon & />s are visible 9 ! abs5ce ( ! sun1 &1 on ! contr>y1 are unse5 :5 ! sun is pres5t3 & if we light a c&le1 & set x 9 ! sun-beams1 ! flame is lo/ to our sight1 ?o' ! same c&le w give u a consid]able %>e ( light 9 ! night4 ,z ,i h nev] be=e se5 or he>d ( su* an ar*1 ,i ?\ght ?is acc\nt ( x 7imp]fect z x is7 might n be disagreeable to ! ,royal ,society4 ,x c\ld n be a lun> ar*1 ! moon be+ !n _m degrees bel[ ! horizon1 & ! ar* 9 a place1 :]e x c\ld n be affect$ by ! moon's rays4 ,! consci\sness ( my inability to give a prop] acc\nt ( su* an uncommon appe>ance c\ld n det] me f ! attempt4 ,i ?9k ,i h said all t is necess>y on ?is subject2 yet am ready to answ] any "q = ! f>!r illu/rat+ ( x4 ,i am1 ,rev]5d ,sir1 ,y\r mo/ humble ,s]vant1 ,geo4 ,edw>ds4 ,college ( ,physicians1 ,london1 ,june #f?1 #ageg4 ,,xxxvi4 ,! ,effects ( ! ,opuntia1 or ,prickly ,pe>1 & ( ! ,indigo ,plant1 9 col\r+ ! ,juices ( liv+ ,animals4 ,communicat$ by ,h4 ,bak]1 ,f4,r4,s4 ,read ,june #bc1 #ageg4 ,june #bc;d1 #ageg4 ,,mr4 ,bak] receiv$ a lett] ye/]day f ,dr4 ,alex&] ,g>d51 ( ,*>les ,t[n 9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 "p ( :i* he hopes he %all be excus$ = lay+ be=e ! ,royal ,society4 ,! ,doctor writes ?us3----8,z y desir$1 ,i tri$ ! effects ( ! prickly pe> 9 col\r+ ! ur9e4 ,a few days aft] y\r lett]1 ,i w5t d[n to "o ( ! isl&s1 & ga!r$ "s ( ! fruit1 & gave f\r ( ! pe>s to a *ild ( ?ree ye>s ( age1 & six pe>s to "o ( five4 ,! next morn+ ,i exam9$ ! ur9e ( bo?1 & x appe>$ ( a v lively r$ col\r1 z if t5t-w9e _h be5 mix$ ) cle> wat]4 ,! ur9e ( ! elde/ 0 deep] col\r$1 & ( a d>k] look3 ! y\nge/ 7:o always naturally made cle> ur9e7 0 ( a m lively & beautiful r$4 ,next day ,i gave six pe>s to a ,negroe w5*1 :o gave suck1 & /rictly =bad h] suckl+ h] *ild = six or eight h\rs2 & !n tak+ "s ( h] milk 9 a tea-cup1 & sett+ x by = "s h\rs1 ! cream _h a r$di% lu/re1 ?o' x 0 v fa9t4 ,i 0 l$ to ?is la/ exp]im5t by an obs]vation1 :i* ,i made on ! milk ( c[s1 :o _h f$ 9 an indigo-field2 ! indigo _h n only t+$ _! ur9e blue1 b ! cream ( ! milk 0 ( a mo/ beautiful blue col\r1 & _h a radiat$ appe>ance f ! c5tre 7,is x n h5ce probable1 t ! dye is ! oily "p ( ! plant874 ,! milk und]nea? 0 cle> & :ite z usual40 ,dr4 ,g>d5 wrote1 a ye> ago1 t ! prickly pe> gr[s 9 great abundance ab\t ,c>ol9a2 & also t ! co*9eal insects are f\nd ^u x2 b hi!rto no attempts h be5 made to cure !m z ! ,spani>ds d4 ,9 hope1 t "s ri* dye may be produc$ f ! plant itself1 ,mr4 ,bak] propos$ "s exp]im5ts to ,dr4 ,g>d51 :i* he int5ds to prosecute ?is summ]4 ,,xxxvii4 ,acc\nt ( an extraord9>y ,%[] ( black ,du/1 t fell 9 ! ,isl& ( ,zetl& #bj? ,octob] #ageeaid4 ,9 a ,lett] f ,sir ,&rew ,mit*ell1 ( ,we/%ore1 ,b>t4 to ,john ,pr+le1 ,m4,d4 ,f4,r4,s4 ,read ,june #bc1 #ageg4 ,pall-,mall1 ,june #i?1 #ageg4 ,,sir1 ,,9 compliance ) y\r desire1 ,i made p>ticul> inquiry1 :e!r at or ab\t ! "t ! e>?quake happ5$ at ,lisbon ! #a/ ( ,novemb] #agee4 any uncommon phnom5a 7 obs]v$ to appe> 9 ! isl&s ( ,orkney or ,zetl&1 z su* _h happ5$ ab\t t "t 9 o!r p>ts ( ,scotl&4 ,f ,orkney ,i 0 in=m$1 t no?+ p>ticul> _h happ5$2 only1 t ab\t ! "t m5tion$ ! tides 7 obs]v$ to be mu* high] ?an ord9>y4 ,i receiv$ f ,zetl& a lett]1 dat$ #bh? ,may #agef4 f ,mr4 ,william ,br[n1 ,ma/] ( ! gramm>-s*ool at ,scall[ay 9 t c\ntry1 a s5sible & obs]v+ man2 :]e9 he writes v]batim z foll[s4 8,bless$ be ,god1 not)/&+ ! great deva/ations1 t h be5 made 9 o!r p>ts ( ! _w by e>?quakes1 we h be5 intirely free f any disa/] ( t nature3 nor has any ?+ extraord9>y happ5$ 9 ?is c\ntry s9ce y left x2 only on ,monday ! #bj? ,octob] la/1 betwixt ! h\rs ( ?ree & f\r 9 ! aft]noon1 ! sky be+ v hazy1 z x uses to be be=e a /orm ( ?und] & lightn+1 !re fell a black du/ ov] all ! c\ntry1 ?o' 9 great] quantities 9 "s places ?an 9 o!rs4 ,x 0 v mu* l lampblack2 b smell$ /rongly ( sulphur4 ,p 9 ! fields _h _! faces1 h&s1 & l951 black5$ by x4 ,x 0 foll[$ by ra94----,"s p assign ! cause ( x to "s extraord9>y eruption ( ,hecla4 ,b ,i %all tr\ble y no m ab\t x1 z no d\bt "s ( y\r fri5ds h writt5 to y ( x "s "t ago40---- ,9 ,june #agef4 ,i return$ to ,zetl&2 &1 ^u fur!r inquiry1 f\nd :at ,mr4 ,br[n _h writt5 me 0 atte/$ by ,mr4 ,mit*ell1 p>son ( ! p>i% ( ,t5gwall1 & by sev]al ,g5tlem5 ( cr$it & reputation1 :o _h se5 & obs]v$ ! same phnom5on 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! c\ntry at ! "t above-m5tion$4 ,mr4 ,br[n hav+ omitt$ to m5tion1 h[ ! w9d did bl[ at ! "t ! black du/ 0 obs]v$1 ,i made p>ticul> inquiry ab\t t circum/ance1 & f\nd x 0 f ! ,s4 ,w4 :i* does n seem to fav\r ! op9ion1 t ! du/ proce$$ f an eruption ( m\nt ,hecla1 :i* lies ab\t ,n4 ,w4 f ,zetl&2 unless x may be suppos$1 t a nor? w9d happ5+ j be=e _h c>ri$ ?is du/ to ! s\?w>d1 & ! s\?-we/ w9d imm$iately foll[+ _h br\ght x back to ! nor?w>d4 ,b1 9 ?is case1 w\ld n ?is black du/ h be5 obs]v$ 9 ,zetl& at its fir/ travell+ to ! s\?w>d8 ,^u inquiry1 ,i did n he> x 04 ,?us f> ,i h obey$ y\r comm&s1 :i* ,i w always d ) pleasure2 & if y ?9k x wor? :ile to lay ?is lett] be=e ! ,royal ,society1 ,i leave y at full lib]ty to d s1 or n1 z y ?9k prop]3 b :at x conta9s may be reli$ on z tru?4 ,i am1 ) great reg>d1 ,de> ,sir1 ,y\r mo/ ob$i5t humble ,s]vant1 ,&4 ,mit*ell4 ,p4,s4 ,i may add1 t ! di/ance f m\nt ,hecla to ,zetl& is betwe5 #ejj & #fjj miles4 ,,xxxviii4 ,a ,description ( "s ,!rmomet]s = p>ticul> ,uses4 ,by ! ,"r ,hon\rable ! ,"l ,*>les ,cav5di%1 ,v4,p4,r4,s4 ,read ,june #cj1 #ageg4 ,,! !rmomet] 7,,tab4 ,,xi4 fig4 #a47 is design$ = %ew+ ! greate/ degree ( heat1 :i* happ5s 9 any place dur+ ! abs5ce ( ! obs]v]4 ,x consi/s ( a cyl9d] ( glass jo9$ to a tube1 & diff]s f common !rmomet]s only 9 hav+ ! top ( ! /em drawn out into a capill>y tube1 :i* ent]s into a glass ball ,c1 jo9$ on to ! /em at ! place :]e x beg9s to be contract$4 ,! cyl9d]1 & "p ( ! tube1 are fill$ ) m]cury2 ! top ( :i* %ews ! common degrees ( heat z usual4 ,! upp] "p ( ! tube above ! m]cury is fill$ ) _s ( w9e1 & "s ( ! same liquor is left 9 ! ball ,c1 s z to fill x almo/ up to ! top ( ! capill>y tube4 ,n[ :5 ! !rmomet] rises1 ! _s ( w9e w be driv5 out ( ! tube1 & w fall into ! ball ,c4 ,:5 ! !rmomet] s9ks aga91 z ! _s _c return back f ! ball1 ! top ( ! tube w rema9 empty1 & ! l5g? ( ! empty "p w be proportional to ! fall ( ! !rmomet]4 ,!re=e1 by means ( a prop] scale1 ! top ( ! _s ( w9e w %ew h[ _m degrees x has be5 high] ?an :5 obs]v$2 :i* be+ add$ to ! pres5t height1 w give ! greate/ degree ( heat x has be5 at4 ,illu/ration3 ,philos4 ,trans4 ,vol4 ,l4 ,,tab4 ,,xi4 p4 #cjj4 ,j4 ,mynde sc4 ,to fit ?is !rmomet] = a new obs]vation1 x is necess>y to fill ! upp] "p ( ! tube ) spirits2 :i* may be done1 by incl9+ ! in/rum5t till ! spirits 9 ! ball ,c cov] ! end ( ! capill>y tube4 ,= if ! cyl9d] is !n heat$1 by apply+ ! h& to x1 or by ! flame ( a lamp held at "s di/ance1 till ! spirits rise to ! top ( ! tube & run ov] into ! ball ,c1 & is !n suff]$ to cool 9 ! same position1 ! tube w rema9 full ( spirits1 & ! !rmomet] w be fitt$ = a new exp]im5t4 ,! top ( ! capill>y tube is made to /& pretty ne> to "o side ( ! ball1 & also to ! top ( x1 t a less incl9ation ( ! in/rum5t may be suffici5t to make ! _s ( w9e 9 ! ball cov] ! end ( ! tube4 ,! ball ,c is jo9$ on z high z possible1 s z to hide no "p ( ! tube1 except t1 :]e ! bore is contract$4 ,by ?is means1 ! top ( ! _s ( w9e beg9s to appe> be=e ! !rmomet] has sunk "o degree4 ,x w be conv5i5t to leave "s m]cury 9 ! ball ,c1 :i* may be made to cov] ! end ( ! capill>y tube1 by incl9+ ! !rmomet] m ?an :at is necess>y to make ! _s ( w9e cov] x4 ,by ?is means "s m]cury may be got back into ! tube1 9 case any ( x %\ld happ5 to be driv5 into ! ball by ! !rmomet]'s be+ expos$ to too great a heat4 ,! scale ( degrees at top1 :i* %ews ! desc5t ( ! !rmomet] f ! highe/ po9t x has arriv$ at1 ought n1 9 /rictness1 to be ! same at all times ( ! ye>2 = ^? degrees exce$ ! common degrees ( heat po9t$ out by ! top ( ! m]cury1 z mu* z ! column ( _s ( w9e exp&s1 & !re=e are greate/ :5 t column is s2 t is to say1 :5 ! greate/ heat to :i* ! in/rum5t has be5 expos$ is lea/4 ,a diff]5ce ( #cj degrees ( ,fahr5heit's scale1 9 ! greate/ rise ( ! !rmomet]1 w\ld require ! scale to be alt]$ "o sixtie? "p3 & ! error aris+ f mak+ use ( ! same scale w be ab\t "o six? ( a degree1 if ! !rmomet] is obs]v$ :5 x has fall5 t5 degrees4 ,9 ! in/rum5t "h describ$1 ! bore ( ! tube is ab\t #j4jbg in*es2 & "o in* ( x conta9s two gra9s ( m]cury1 & answ]s to ab\t t5 degrees1 ! cyl9d] conta9+ ab\t #bbhj gra9s4 ,if a mu* %ort] tube 0 made use (1 a consid]able error might arise f too great a quantity ( spirits adh]+ to ! sides ( ! tube1 9 t "p1 :i* is fill$ ) m]cury2 especially :5 ! !rmomet] rises fa/4 ,?is makes x necess>y to employ a cyl9d] ( a consid]able bigness1 if x is desir$ to h ! scale ( degrees pretty l>ge4 ,if ! weight ( ! m]cury is ?\ght inconv5i5t1 x may be avoid$ by ! con/ruction describ$ 9 fig4 #b4 :]e ! bottom ( ! tube is b5t s z to po9t upw>ds1 & is jo9$ to a ball ,a1 :i* communicates ) a cyl9d] plac$ above x4 ,9 all o!r respects x is ! same z ! in/rum5t be=e describ$4 ,x is fill$ ) _s ( w9e & m]cury2 ! quantity ( ! latt] be+ suffici5t to fill ! :ole tube & ! ball ,a4 ,no "p ( ! _s1 ) :i* ! cyl9d] is fill$1 c get into ! tube1 z long z ! in/rum5t is kept 9 an erect position1 or ev5 if x is c>efully laid d[n flat on a table4 ,= ?o' 9 ?is la/ case "s ( ! spirits may get into ! ball ,a1 x w rise to t "p ( ! ball1 :i* is !n upp]mo/1 & w n t\* ! orifice ( ! tube n2 :i* 0 ! reason = add+ ?is ball1 :i* w\ld be unnecess>y1 if ! in/rum5t 0 kept con/antly erect1 or ne>ly s4 ,if ! _s %\ld come to t\* ! orifice ( ! tube n1 x w\ld "w up betwe5 ! m]cury & ! glass2 :i* w\ld put ! in/rum5t out ( ord]4 ,! !rmomet] fig4 #c4 is design$ = %ew+ ! greate/ cold1 :i* happ5s 9 any place dur+ ! "t ! in/rum5t is left 9 x4 ,! tube is b5t into ! %ape ( a syphon ( unequal legs /&+ p>allel to "o ano!r1 ! b5d be+ at ! bottom4 ,! top ( ! %ort] leg is b5t to a "r angle1 & imm$iately op5s into a ball ,a1 :i*1 by means ( a %ort b5t tube on ! opposite side1 communicates ) a cyl9d] /&+ p>allel to ! legs ( ! syphon1 & po9t+ d[nw>ds4 ,?is cyl9d] conta9s ! greate/ "p ( ! fluid2 & is add$ only to make ! !rmomet] m s5sible ?an x w\ld be1 if ! ball ,a 0 made ( a suffici5t bigness to conta9 ! prop] quantity ( fluid4 ,?is in/rum5t is fill$ ) _s ( w9e1 ) ! addition ( z mu* m]cury z is suffici5t to fill bo? legs ( ! syphon1 & ab\t a f\r? or fif? "p ( ! ball ,a4 ,! common degrees ( heat are %[n by ! top ( ! m]cury 9 ! longe/ leg1 or by ! top ( ! _s1 9 case any ( x is left above ! m]cury4 ,:5 ! m]cury 9 ! longe/ leg s9ks by cold1 t 9 ! %ort] leg w rise1 & w run ov] into ! ball ,a2 f :5ce x _c return back :5 ! !rmomet] rises aga91 z ! surface ( ! m]cury 9 ! ball is bel[ ! orifice ( ! tube n4 ,!re=e ! upp] "p ( ! %ort] leg w be fill$ ) a column ( spirits ( a l5g? proportional to ! increase ( heat2 ! bottom ( :i*1 by means ( a prop] scale1 w %[ h[ mu* ! !rmomet] has be5 l[] ?an x !n is2 :i* be+ subtract$ f ! pres5t height1 w give ! l[e/ po9t t x has be5 at4 ,if no fur!r contrivance 0 us$1 ! m]cury w\ld fall into ! ball ,a 9 l>ge drops2 :i* w\ld make ! in/rum5t less accurate4 ,= ! !rmomet]'s beg9n+ to rise imm$iately aft] a drop is fall51 or j z x is go+ to fall 79 :i* case x w return back into ! tube71 w make a diff]5ce ( su* "p ( a degree ne>ly z t drop answ]s to4 ,to prev5t ?is inconv5i5ce1 ! top ( ! %ort] leg1 close to ! ball1 is contract$1 by be+ held 9 ! flame ( a lamp2 & ! passage is fur!r /reight5$ by a solid ?read ( glass plac$ )9 ! tube1 & ext5d+ f ! bottom ( ! %ort] leg to ! "p ne> ! ball ,a1 :]e x is mo/ contract$4 ,by ?is means1 z soon z any small portion ( m]cury is got beyond ! end ( ! ?read ( glass1 x breaks (f1 & falls into ! ball 9 v small drops4 ,?is ?read ( glass is fa/5$ by ! heat giv5 to ! tube 9 mak+ ! b5d next to ! ball4 ,9 ord] to fill ! %ort] leg ) m]cury1 to fit ! in/rum5t = a new exp]im5t1 x mu/ be incl9$ till ! m]cury 9 ! ball cov]s ! orifice ( ! tube n4 ,! cyl9d] be+ !n heat$1 ! m]cury w be =c$ into ! %ort] leg1 & w run d[n ! ?read ( glass 9 drops1 :i* w soon unite4 ,by ?is means1 su* a quantity ( m]cury mu/ be got into ! %ort] leg1 z1 ^u ! cool+ ( ! in/rum5t1 w be suffici5t to drive all ! _s ( w9e into ! ball ) a less degree ( cold ?an :at ! !rmomet] is likely to be expos$ to4 ,! ball ,a mu/ always h "s m]cury 9 x1 b nev] en\gh to fill x up to ! orifice ( ! tube n4 ,x mu/ !re=e be made ( su* a size1 z to conta9 all ! m]cury1 :i* c come into x f ! tube )\t be+ too full4 ,if x %\ld happ5 to be made too small1 s z to be too full 9 cold wea!r1 any "p ( ! m]cury may easily be driv5 into ! cyl9d]1 & got back aga9 into ! ball :5 want$ 9 w>m] wea!r4 ,x w be bett] to leave a little ( ! _s above ! m]cury 9 ! longe/ leg2 9 :i* case ! top ( ! _s w %ew ! common degrees ( heat4 ,= ! fill+ ! tube1 s z to leave none1 is att5d$ ) "s tr\ble2 & m ( x w be apt to get up !re1 if ! in/rum5t %\ld happ5 to be held 9 an improp] situation1 or if x be kept 9 too w>m a place )\t fill+ ! %ort] leg ) m]cury by ! me?od above describ$4 ,if too great a quantity %\ld get up1 ?o' x w\ld n affect ! scale = ! common degrees ( heat1 x w\ld h[ev] cause "s error 9 ! degrees on ! %ort] leg2 inasmu* z ! expansion ( t portion ( spirits1 :i* has got up into ! long] leg1 exce$s ! expansion ( ! m]cury1 :i* mu/ supply its place4 ,x may be got back at pleasure1 by expos+ ! !rmomet] to su* a degree ( cold z w make ! _s get beyond ! b5d ( ! syphon2 = !n x w run up along ! ?read ( glass 9 ! %ort] leg till x gets above ! m]cury !re4 ,= ?is purpose ! po9t ( #j degrees ( ,fahr5heit's scale %\ld be ne> ! b5d2 by :i* means1 any "p ( ! _s ( w9e may be got beyond x by an artificial cold2 & !re w be no dang] ( ! :ole gett+ beyond x by any natural cold2 9 :i* case ! air w\ld get up into ! ball4 ,! scale ( degrees on ! %ort] leg w1 9 diff]5t seasons1 be liable to an error ( ! same k9d z t1 :i* 0 expla9$ 9 ! fir/-m5tion$ !rmomet]2 b 9 ?is x w be less consid]able1 z ! space betwe5 ! two scales is fill$ ) m]cury1 ^: expansion is ab\t six times less ?an t ( _s ( w9e4 ,9 ! !rmomet]1 :i* ,i h1 ! bore ( ! tube is ab\t #j4jed in*es2 & "o in* ( x conta9s eight gra9s ( m]cury1 & answ]s to sev5 degrees ( ,fahr5heit's scale4 ,! drops ( m]cury1 :i* fall into ! ball ,a1 answ] to ab\t "o eigh? ( a degree4 ,if in/rum5ts ( ! nature ( ^? above describ$1 7 to be us$ = f9d+ ! temp] ( ! sea at great dep?s1 "s alt]ation w\ld be necess>y 9 ! con/ruction ( !m1 pr9cipally ^u acc\nt ( ! great pressure ( ! wat]2 ! ill effect ( :i* c1 ,i believe1 be prev5t$ no o!r way1 ?an by leav+ ! tube op54 ,= if ! !rmomet] 0 made /rong en\gh to resi/ ! pressure )\t break+1 yet x w\ld be impossible to be sure1 t ! figure ( ! glass w\ld n !reby be alt]$1 :i* %\ld make ! exp]im5t unc]ta94 ,! in/rum5t = f9d+ ! greate/ heat might be made j l t ( fig4 #a4 only leav+ ! top op54 ,x is to be fill$ ) m]cury only1 z is also ! l[] "p ( ! ball at top1 b n ne> s high z ! end ( ! capill>y tube4 ,! upp] "p ( t ball1 be+ left op51 w 9 a great measure be fill$ ) ! sea-wat]1 :i* w be =c$ into x by ! pressure4 ,if ?is in/rum5t 7! tube be+ q full ( m]cury7 is plung$ into any "p ( ! sea1 :]e ! heat is great] ?an t ( ! air above1 "p ( ! m]cury w be driv5 out ( ! tube2 &1 ^u br++ x into a cold] place1 ! sea-wat] or air 9 ! ball w ent] into ! tube1 & w fill ! space left by ! m]cury4 ,z ?is !rmomet] does n %[ ! common degrees ( heat1 x mu/ be plac$ 9 a vessel ( wat] ) ano!r !rmomet]1 & ! scale ( degrees at top w %ew h[ mu* ! heat x has be5 expos$ to is great] ?an t ( ! wat] 9 ! vessel4 ,! sea-wat] gett+ into ! glass w corrode ! m]cury1 & !reby f\l ! glass2 :i* w make ! exp]im5t less exact3 & !re=e x w\ld be mu* m conv5i5t1 if ! sea-wat] c\ld intirely be kept out2 :i* probably may be done by ty+ a bladd] full ( air to ! neck ( ! ball ,c1 :i* w contract by ! pressure ( ! wat]1 )\t lett+ any ( x get 94 ,if ?is c be done1 ! in/rum5t may be fill$ ) m]cury & spirits1 j l t at fig4 #a4 ,b x w\ld be m conv5i5t to fill x ) m]cury only3 9 :i* case x may be made ) z small a tube & ball z common m]curial !rmomet]s3 or x may be fill$ ) spirits only4 ,! in/rum5t w !reby become mu* less bulky2 :i* w comp5sate ! want ( ! common scale ( heat4 ,x is bett] to put b little m]cury into ! ball at top1 = fe> ( its gett+ into ! capill>y tube by ! motion ( ! in/rum5t4 ,! !rmomet] = f9d+ ! greate/ cold1 if appli$ to ?is purpose1 mu/ also be left op5 at top4 ,!re is ano!r inconv5i5ce to be avoid$2 :i* is1 t ! m]cury 9 ! ball ,a1 by ! toss+ ( ! in/rum5t1 might sometimes get into ! %ort] leg ( ! syphon2 :i* w\ld spoil ! exp]im5t4 ,to prev5t su* an accid5t1 ! mo/ conv5i5t con/ruction1 :i* occurs to me1 is t ( fig4 #d4 :i* diff]s f fig4 #c4 9 hav+ ! ball ,a omitt$2 s t ! m]cury runn+ out ( ! %ort] leg w fall to ! bottom ( ! cyl9d]1 & w n be s liable to get back into ! tube by motion4 ,! cyl9d] is made to /& n q p>allel to ! legs ( ! syphon1 t ! m]cury conta9$ !re9 may m easily be br\ght to t\* ! end ( ! tube1 9 ord] to fit ! in/rum5t = a new exp]im5t4 ,if1 by means ( a bladd]1 ! sea-wat] c be kept out ( ! glass1 ?is in/rum5t may be made to %ew ! common degrees ( heat2 b ev5 !n1 9 ord] to r5d] x less bulky1 x may be bett] to supply ! want ( !m z 9 ! la/ in/rum5t4 ,! long] leg ( ! syphon may 9 t case be made z %ort z y please2 only mak+ ! ball ,b big en\gh to receive all ! m]cury1 :i* may be driv5 into x by heat4 ,if !rmomet]s ( ?is k9d 7 to be s5t up into ! air by means ( a kite1 !y might be made l ^? propos$ = ! sea2 b x w\ld n be necess>y to leave !m op54 ,z x w\ld be desirable to make !m z small z possible1 !y %\ld be made s z n to %ew ! common degrees ( heat3 & x w\ld also1 on t acc\nt1 be conv5i5t to omit ! ?read ( glass plac$ )9 ! %ort] leg ( ! syphon 9 fig4 #c4 & #d4 ,?is ?read ( glass is plac$ !re 9 ord] to make ! m]cury fall into ! ball ,a4 fig4 #c4 or cyl9d] ,c4 fig4 #d4 9 small] drops1 & also to facilitate ! fill+ ! %ort] leg ) m]cury4 ,! latt] purpose may be answ]$ by hav+ a ball bl[n t[>ds ! bottom ( ! %ort] leg1 z m>k$ 9 fig4 #d4 at ,m3 = z soon z ! m]cury driv5 out ( ! cyl9d] by heat gets to t ball1 x w pass by ! _s ( w9e4 ,! o!r purpose may probably be answ]$ by hav+ ! tube contract$ z mu* z possible at n4 ,9 ! =ego+ in/rum5ts ! tubes made use ( 7 ( a l>ge bore1 z mo/ ( ! errors 9 !m w\ld increase by mak+ use ( small] ones4 ,possibly less ones might be us$ )\t mu* inconv5i5ce4 ,! *ief advantage w be1 ! mak+ ^! !rmomet]s m s5sible ( ! *anges ( heat1 ?an :5 l>ge cyl9d]s are us$4 ,?is w be ( s]vice :5 ! greate/ degree ( heat or cold cont9ues b a %ort "t4 ,x is bett] to use pla9 _s ( w9e1 ?an :at is t+$1 :i* seems m apt to cause a f\lness 9 ! tube1 & !reby makes ! surface ( ! m]cury less well def9$4 ,i am induc$ to believe s1 f obs]v+1 t ! portion ( spirits above ! m]cury 9 ! tube fig4 #c4 :i* at fir/ 0 /rongly t+$ ) co*9eal1 9 "s mon?s became p]fectly col\rless1 ! t++ p>ticles be+ deposit$ 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! tube1 & caus+ a f\lness !re4 ,! col\r ( ! spirits 9 ! cyl9d] does n appe> to be alt]$4 ,! d>k-%ad$ "p 9 ! sev]al figures repres5ts m]cury1 ! dott$ "p _s ( w9e4 ,illu/ration3 ,philos4 ,trans4 ,vol4 ,l4 ,,tab4 ,,xii4 p4 #caa4 ,j4 ,mynde sc4 ,,xxxix4 ,obs]vationes ,anatomico-,m$ic1 de ,mon/ro bicorporeo ,virg9eo ,a4 #agja4 die #bf ,oct4 9 ,pannonia1 infra ,com>omium1 9 ,possessione ,szony1 quondam ,quiritum ,bregetione1 9 lucem edito1 atque ,a4 #agbc4 die #bc ,febr4 ,posonii 9 ,cnobio ,monialium ,s4 ,ursul morte functo ibidemque sepulto4 ,au?ore ,ju/o ,johanne ,torkos1 ,m4,d4 ,soc4 ,regalis ,socio4 ,see ,,tab4 ,,xii4 ,read ,may #bc4 #agea4 ,i4 ,,p>tus hic bicorporeus s+ul>e exemplum exhibet admir&>um virium imag9ationis mat]n 9 ftum ut]o cont5tum4 ,mat] enim hujus bicorporis1 primis graviditatis su m5sibus vel potius hebdomadis1 att5tius contemplabatur canes countes1 arctius cohr5tes1 et capitibus erga se invicem quodammodo conv]sos1 eosque sibi crebrius prfigurabat4 ,,ii4 ,9 p>tu1 primum prodiit umbilicot5us ,hel5 corpus2 po/ tres demum horas editi sunt ejus p$es1 cum adnexo corpore alt]o ,judi?4 ,hel5 corporis /atura erat altior et rectior1 ,judi? brevior et obliquior2 et quamvis infra lumbos1 a t]go1 9 unum corpus concret fuiss5t1 attam5 vultu et corporibus1 semilat]alit]1 erga se fu]ant conv]s1 ut commode s$]e1 l5toque gradu proc$]e et rec$]e potu]9t4 ,unus communi ipsis erat alvi exitus1 intra duas nates1 seu ,hel5 dextrum et ,judi? s9i/rum femur1 situatus4 ,unam quoque habebant vulvam1 intra quatuor p$es reconitam1 ut dum erectis />5t corporibus1 ne ve/igium ejus conspicuum esset4 ,quoad duos i/os excretionum meatus1 obs]vatum e/1 quod1 una excretionem alvi moli5te1 alt]a quoque nisum eg]5di s5s]it2 9 r$d5da v]o ur9a1 qulibet1 div]so tempore1 /imulos habu]it3 quamobrem alt]a ad ur9 missionem solicitata1 alt]a sub9de recessum negavit4 ,unde 9 juv5tute1 utut alias semp] semet t5]rime am>5t et amplex>5tur1 spius alt]cationes int] ipsas exort1 et alt]utra aliam vel dorso injectam abripuit1 vel colluct&o eo1 quo vellet1 protraxit4 ,,iii4 ,anno tatis sexto1 ,judi? p>alysis totius p>tis s9i/r2 obtigit ex qua affectione1 utut convaluisset1 p] totam vitam suam debilior1 t>dior1 et /upidior p]/itit2 e contra ,hel5a semp] agilior1 docilior1 et =mosior suit4 ,,iv4 ,pr\t div]sa erant corpora1 ita functionum vitalium1 animalium1 et naturalium1 magna 9 utroque corpore1 tam 9 sano quam groto /atu1 obs]vata e/ diff]5tia4 ,et quamvis v>iolas et morbillos uno eodemque tempore habuiss5t1 reliqui tam5 morbi eis non erant communes4 ,cum ,judi? spius convell]etur1 ,hel5a nec alt]ata nec debilitata fuit4 ,hel5a erat pleuritica4 ,judi? b5igniore febre laboravit3 alt] tussi1 cat>rho1 colic afflict1 alt]a sana ex/itit4 ,h9c etiam qulibet1 pro suo div]so /atu1 div]sis m$icam5tis tractabatur3 phlebotomia autem semp] 9 saniore et vegetiore celebrabatur4 ,v4 ,anno tatis decimo sexto1 m5/rua comp>u]unt1 qu de9de p] totam vitam1 non tam5 quali tempore1 modo1 et quantitate success]e4 ,sub9de alt]utra majores h9c s5sit mole/ias2 ,judi? v]o crebrius convellebatur1 v>iisque hy/]icis et pectoris affectionibus obnoxia fuit4 ,,vi4 ,anno tatis vicesimo secundo1 seu ,a4 ,c4 #agbc4 die #h ,febr4 ,judi? =tit] convulsa e/1 po/ea comatosa1 usque ad mortem1 qu die #bc ,febr4 mane contigit1 p]/itit4 ,intra hos dies ,hel5a febricula laboravit1 eique access]unt crebriores lipo?ymi1 quibus t&em ita debilitata e/1 ut integra quamvis m5te et loquela1 subito1 tribusque hor m9utis prius quam ,judi?1 9 agonem incid]it3 po/ea v]o amb1 po/ brevem agonem1 uno f]me mom5to expirav]9t4 ,,vii4 ,corporibus po/ mortem dissectis1 rep]ta sunt 9 quolibet corpore visc]a s+ula3 ,9 ,hel5a omnia sana2 9 ,judi? ?orace v]o cor nimis magnum1 =tissimo p]ic>dio velatum1 et pulmonum dext] lobus putridus3 ,art]ia aorta et v5a cava ex utroque corde desc5d5tes1 antequam art]i et v5 iliac ex iisdem em]g]5t1 inflex coadunabantur1 et unam art]iam aortam1 unamque v5am cavam1 e corde uno ad aliud proc$5tes seu reflexas1 prs5t>unt4 ,9 abdom9e utr9que visc]a omnia sana et integra4 ,quodlibet corpus suum habuit hep>1 spl5em1 pancreas1 r5es1 vesicam1 ut]um cum ov>iis1 tubis ,fallopianis1 et portione vag91 qu utr9que concurr5tes unam communem vag9am ef=m>unt4 ,p>tes g5italium ext]norum1 prt] commune orificium vag91 cuilibet erant propri1 velut clitoris1 nymph1 orificium ure?r2 al seu labia utr9que ad p]9um concurr5tia fossulam navicul>em d5siorem con/itu]ant4 ,v5triculus cum inte/9is1 9 utrque1 naturalit] erant situata2 inte/9a recta autem utr9que ad os sacrum reflexa et coalita1 unum satis amplum et communem canalem con/itu]unt3 os sacrum ad secundam divisionem concretum erat1 et unum corpus ef=m&o1 9 uno utrique ossi sacro communi1 osse coccygis1 t]m9abatur4 ,ex prrec5sitis1 sicut causa div]sit>is actionum et functionum patet1 ita etiam ex art]i>um aort>um1 et v5>um cav>um1 inte/9orum quoque rectorum et vag9>um ut]i1 compag9e1 coadunatione et h>monia1 app>et ratio con=mitatis et disp>itatis morborum1 syn?anasi1 communis nisus eg]5d alvi1 possibilis imprgnationis alt]utrius1 vel =s utriusque virg9is1 uno eodemque coitu4 ,hc omnia conquisivi et retexui1 p>tim e relationibus fide dignis autopt>um2 p>tim ex ephem]idibus ,b4 ,c>oli ,rayg]i1 soc]i mei1 qui1 dum viv]et1 m$icum cnobii dicti ord9>ium agebat2 p>tim ex libro cnobiali1 cui ,b4 ,vir =mulas m$icam5torum inscrips]at4 ,dab4 ,posonii die #c ,julii #ageg4 ,ju/us ,joannes ,torkos1 ,eques ,pannonius1 ,m$ic4 ,doct4 et ,lib] ,regi ,civitatis ,posoni5sis ,physicus ord9>ius4 ,! int]val betwe5 ! read+ ( ?is pap] be=e ! ,royal ,society & ! pres5t publication1 0 occasion$ by ! long indisposition1 & aft]w>ds dea?1 ( _! late ,presid5t ,m>t9 ,folkes1 ,esq2 :o hav+ tak5 x to 8 h\se1 ) a view ( collect+ & add+ to x "s fur!r p>ticul>s1 x c\ld n be f\nd aft] 8 decease4 ,b ,dr4 ,torkos1 ! writ]1 be+ aga9 appli$ to1 imm$iately transmitt$ ! copy ( x pr9t$ above3 &1 9 ord] to supply 9 "s measure ! want ( :at ,mr4 ,folkes's ext5sive read+ & indu/ry might h furni%$ ! public )1 9 relation to s v rem>kable a fact1 ! foll[+ acc\nts1 pr9t$ & manuscript1 are subjo9$ z a supplem5t to ! prec$+ article4 ,extract ( a ,lett] ( ,william ,burnet1 ,esq2 ,f4,r4,s4 elde/ ,son ( ,dr4 ,gilb]t ,burnet1 ,"l ,bi%op ( ,salisbury1 to ,dr4 7aft]w>ds ,sir7 ,hans ,sloane1 dat$ at ,leyd51 ,may #i4 #agjh4 ,n4 ,s4#aie 8,,sir1 ,i ,s5d y inclos$ ! pr9t ( a wond]ful union ( two tw9 si/]s1 :o are at ?is "t to be se5 at ! ,hague4 ,i saw !m1 & obs]v$ all1 t ,i c\ld ?9k t5d$ to expla9 ! appe>ance4 ,!y are ,hung>ians1 z ! l9es "u ! pr9t w %ew y4 ,!re is !re an exact en\gh description ( _! condition2 only ,i may add1 t 9 fig4 #a4 ! ur9al passage is betwe5 ! two =emo/ ?ighs1 z !y are 9 ! pr9t4 ,! same is true ( ! anus 9 ! #b;d figure1 9 su* mann]1 t ! situation ( ^! p>ts is ! same to outw>d appe>ance z naturally1 ) ?is diff]5ce1 t !y are betwe5 two diff]5t bodies "h1 :]eas 9 ! c\rse ( nature !y are betwe5 ! two p>ts ( ! same body4 ,x seems probable1 t _! p>ts are di/9ct2 b t ! mo/ remote labia ( ea* are outw>dly visible1 & ! two contigu\s ones are )94 ,!re seems to be no *eat 9 ! ?+2 & ! sk91 :]e !y are jo9$1 is p]fectly smoo?1 )\t any sc>4 ,!y are n[ ab\t six ye>s old4 ,!y speak ,fr5* & ,high ,g]man4 ,!y are v full ( action1 & talk "o m ?an ! o!r4 ,:5 "o /oops to take up any ?+1 %e c>ries ! o!r q f ! gr\nd2 & t "o ( !m (t5 does1 be+ /rong] z well z m lively ?an ! o!r4 ,!y h n _! feel+ common any :]e b 9 ! place ( _! conjunction4 ,?is is all ,i c say ab\t x4 ,if y ?9k x wor? :ile1 y w d me an hon\r 9 giv+ ! pr9t1 & ! sub/ance ( ?is acc\nt1 to ! ,society2 to :i*1 ?o' an unwor?y memb]1 ,i w\ld be pr\d to be capable ( any s]vice40 ,?is lett] 0 read to ! ,royal ,society on ! #ab? ( ,may #agjhaif2 & ! pr9t m5tion$ 9 x produc$2 :i*1 be+ n[ become extremely difficult to be met )1 is ?\ght prop] to be engrav$ aga91 & ins]t$ "h4 ,see ,,tab4 ,,xiii4 ,soon aft] ! date ( ,mr4 ,burnet's lett] ! tw9 si/]s 7 br\ght to ,engl&1 & publicly %ewn 9 ,london1 z appe>s f ! foll[+ ,,ms4 note 9 a copy ( ! pr9t b\nd up by ! writ] ) ,=tunius ,licetus de ,mon/ris#aig1 edit4 ,am/elod4 #affe4 #dto4 9 ! possession ( ,?omas ,wilbraham1 ,m4,d4 ,f4,r4,s4 8,lond9i #ad ,junii #agjh4 has vidi gemellas 7plus annis sex natas7 qu>um =ma et vivacitas elegantior et vegetior quam pictura et descriptio40 ,illu/ration3 ,philos4 ,trans4 ,vol4 ,l4 ,,tab4 ,,xiii4 p4 #caf4 ,corpora ,b9>um sic concrev]e ,sororum1 ,non nisi ,div9a dissoci&a manu4 ,,sz,,ny ,patria e/1 vicus ,,comor co t]m9us ,arci1 ,qv nunquam ,lun p>uit ,imp]io4 ,amplexa e/ ulnis ,,hel5am ,luc9a priorem1 ,horis de9de tribus ,,judi?a fuit4 ,exitus ,ur9 patet unicus1 unicus alvo1 ,obs]vant num]um ct]a membra suum4 ,misit ad ,ignotos t5uis ,=tuna ,p>5tum1 ,neu p]eat tant ,fama /up5da rei4 ,inter,iora ,lat5t1 neq,ve,vnt abstr,vsa ,v,i,der,i3 e,x,ig,vo tot,v,m ,corp,vs ,9 re patet4 ,j4 ,mynde sc4 ,ano!r acc\nt ( !m by an eye-witness 9 ,london is 9 a manuscript volume among ^? ( ,sir ,hans ,sloane1 ,b>t4 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 intitul$1 ,a %ort ,hi/ory ( human ,prodigies & mon/r\s ,bir?s1 ( ,dw>fs1 ,sleep]s1 ,giants1 /rong ,m51 ,h]maphrodites1 num]\s ,bir?s1 & extreme old ,age1 c4 ,! "n ( ! writ] 0 ,james ,p>is du ,plessis4 ,9 p4 #ci4 "u ! ,title ,two ,si/]s conjo9$1 he gives a draw+ ( !m1 & ! foll[+ description3 8,^! two mon/r\s girls 7 born at ,szony 9 ,hung>y 9 ! ye> #agja4 ,!y 7 born conjo9$ toge!r at ! small ( ! back4 ,i ask$ ! fa!r & "m1 if !y c\ld n be sep>at$ "o f ! o!r8 b !y answ]$1 ,no2 because ! ur9>y & fcal vessels & passages 7 s unit$1 z to h b "o issue = ! ur9e1 & ano!r = ! excrem5ts1 betwixt bo?4 ,!y 7 brisk1 m]ry1 & well-br$3 !y c\ld read1 write1 & s+ v prettily3 !y c\ld speak ?ree diff]5t languages1 z ,hung>ian or ,high ,dut*1 ,l[ ,dut*1 & ,fr5*1 & 7 le>n+ ,engli%4 ,!y 7 v h&some1 v well %ap$ 9 all p>ts1 & beautiful faces4 ,hel5 0 born ?ree h\rs be=e h] si/] ,judi?4 ,:5 "o /oop$1 %e lift$ ! o!r f ! gr\nd1 & c>ri$ ! o!r ^u h] back2 nei!r c\ld !y walk side by side4 ,!y lov$ "o ano!r v t5d]ly4 ,_! clo!s 7 f9e & neat4 ,!y _h two bodies1 f\r sleeves2 & "o petticoat s]v$ to ! bodies1 & _! %ifts ! same4 ,:5 "o w5t =w>d1 ! o!r 0 =c$ to g backw>d40 ,a lat] & m p>ticul> acc\nt is conta9$ 9 p4 #da1 seqq4 ( a book v seldom met ) 9 ?is c\ntry1 be+ pr9t$ at ,vi5na 9 #agbi4 intitul$1 ,g]>di ,cornelii ,dries*ii ,hi/oria magn ,legationis ,cs>e1 quam ,c>oli ,,vi4 auspiciis suscepit ,damianus ,hugo ,virmondtius1 c4 ,! foll[+ extract1 ?o' long1 w n probably be ?\ght un5t]ta9+4 8,sunt 9 comitatu ,comm>oni5si 9 t]ris illu/rissimi ,zi*ii 7pagus ,hung>is ,szony dicitur7 p>5tibus colonis1 quibus sua vita con/at1 dum hc scribo1 anno #agja4 vii cal5das ,novembreis procreat 9 lucem du fili gemell1 po/ic p>te1 qu sp9a dorsi def9it1 concret1 sic ut alt]a alt]am sequi1 quo se cunque v]tat1 cogatur3 ct]a haud de=mes aspectu1 nisi concretio illa corporum prodigium effic]et4 ,b9 s+ulis manus1 totidem p$es1 et capita1 necnon corpora3 suus membris omnibus usus2 rationis mult etiam1 quod mir]e1 c]tior2 ut1 si s$5tes solum vid]is1 neque sciv]is1 hic mon/ri not>e nihil valeas4 ,majori natu1 qu lucem citius aspexit tribus horis1 ,hel51 m9ori ,judi? nom5 e/4 ,hc ante annos circit] tres /upore apoplectico tacta l+u modicum ex eo ac bon m5tis (ficium imp$itum habuit1 simplicitatem qu&am +5ii modo ut r$oleat4 ,illa animo semp] integro atque spiritu prdita eodem1 pudic facie1 non inconc9nis motibus1 intu5tium 9 se oculos ad mis]icordiam commovet1 utpote qu rationis plan compos1 sororis t5]rim amans1 nec /atus ign>a sui1 duplicem mis]iam tol]at1 suam et i/ius4 ,duct sunt olim infantes p] v>ias regiones ac prov9cias1 ,g]maniam1 ,angliam1 ,galliam1 ,italiam1 ,poloniam1 ,bataviam1 ,au/riam1 ,moraviam1 ,hung>iam1 m$ico ,hung>ico nom9e ,csuszio1 qui easdem c]t pecuni ad tempus sibi a p>5tibus concr$itas et elocatas1 bon eorundem v5i1 pat]no solo bduxit2 unde trium g5tium l+uis1 ,g]manic1 ,gallic1 ,hung>ic1 hodi$um etiam loquuntur2 alias desuetud9e usuque int]rupto1 tate prs]tim nondum satis confirmat1 omn9o d$idic]e4 ,dux ,augu/us ,saxo ,cizius int] purpuratos ,,lxxii patres con/antia religionis1 timore erga ,deum et c>itate 9 proximum notissimus1 ar*iepiscopus ,/rigoni5sis1 v]itus1 ne frequ5tes h p]ignationes puell>um adhuc infantium innoc5ti (fic]5t1 ac mores d5ique ill>um1 ut fi]i non r>o assolet1 plan depav>5t1 pacto p]solutoque pretio m$ico r$emit1 et revocatas domum ad suos virg9ibus div ,ursul nuncupatis intra ,posonium de9ceps educ&as commisit1 necess>iis ad hoc sumptibus b5ign subm9i/ratis4 ,+ress non diu pu]ilem tatem su]ant1 nonusque illis annus agi cptus currebat1 qu&o h>um 9 discipl9am virg9um tradebantur4 ,hic leg]e primum ac scrib]e1 ea1 qu ad fidem necess>ia sunt1 m5te atque animo compreh5d]e2 op]as manuum ex]c]e v>ias1 acu prcipu phrygionic p+]e1 d5ticulatas affabre fimbrias confic]e1 et ct]a qu sunt ejusdem g5]is1 edoct fu]unt4 ,vidi ego ex ill>um op]ibus aliqua1 qu magi/ras hc 9 arte fecisse non pudeat4 ,recept autem sunt sacrum hoc 9 collegium anno secul ix4 die ,,xii4 kal5das ,aprilis1 ibi ,,xi mansionis1 vit ,,xix jam plan compl]unt4 ,i/uc div>um contub]nium1 quod adhuc con/ant] incolunt1 nunquam po/ea des]u]e4 ,addita illis e prud5tioribus virago1 qu indef95tur adsit1 quo vel9t1 ducat1 actonibus invigilet1 de quibus respond]e1 ad aliosque ref]re1 si necessum fu]it1 aliqu&o possit4 ,ex hc scire qu cupiebam1 remotis arbitris1 nullo negotio p]cepi4 ,cr$id]at namque1 quod res quoque erat1 non curiositatis grati1 s$ (ficii1 ac boni publici caus i/a me rog>i3 qu>e alios omnes sec$]e jussi1 solus cum eadem reman5s1 ut qu1 junioribus prs]tim aliquot prs5tibus1 accuratius explic>e v]ecundia illam antea prohibu]at1 majori mecum lib]tate communic>et4 ,p>tes1 quas vel nom9>e pudor hone/asque vetuit1 p] quas potus ciborumque fces et reliqua corporis excrem5ta 7sit v]bo v5ia7 ejicimus1 non illis 81 quibus nobis1 con/itut locis4 ,illis quidem1 ubi nos eas habemus1 occlusa sunt omnia2 at inf]n1 qu p>te concretio illa corporum incipit1 easdem obt95t utrique communes4 ,neque tam5 cum necessitas alt]utram premit ad exon]&um1 exempli grati1 v5trem1 alt]a se quoque s5tit tam inutili pond]e gravatam1 at satisfaci5dum necess>io natur sit3 s$ jam huic1 jam i/i i/ud imbecillitatis human incommodum p]f]5dum e/1 sitque etiam1 ut cum alvum purgat alt]a1 alt]i meatus sit ur9>ius ap]i5dus4 ,muliebria1 qu /atis fm9as vicibus incommodant1 non uno ambabus tempore v5iunt4 ,octidui qu&oque int]vallo ac longiori disjuncta sunt4 ,dum dormit hc1 spe vigilat illa1 et 9 alt]ius labore alt]a nonnunquam quiescit4 ,visa una pot>e e/1 aut cibo corpus refic]e1 cum aliud alii agebatur4 ,s$5t1 /ant1 ambulant1 jac5t semp] un1 nec s9e incommodo4 ,non p]mittit conglut9atio i/a corporum1 h uti actiones sep>5tur4 ,si colloquuntur1 obtortis faciem collis obv]tunt4 ,suavia dant sibi1 cum amant1 et pugnis impetunt1 cum furunt4 ,donec su utrique vires adhuc con/abant1 si sorte exort int] illas aliqu&o discordi ess5t1 hc1 qu se lsam magis cr$ebat aut =tem1 sublatam 9 hum]os aliam alio asportabat4 ,v]untam5 +5io miti magis ac placido sunt quam inc5so aut iracundo1 et 9 communibus malis communem fidem1 commune robur adhib5t1 immissam sibi ,deo mis]iam =titr su/95tes4 ,ante tri5nium 9 gravi secund g5it morbo1 de quo nonnulla sup]is facta e/ m5tio e/1 prior nata sacris omnibus munita ad mortem quoque felicit] obeundam disposita ab sac]dote fuit1 quia m$icorum p>s potior cr$it ali ext9ct aliam haud posse longm amplius sup]esse4 ,id quod prob>e ex hoc etiam laborant1 quod quoties male uni sit1 quamvis alt]a non eadem cont9uo grotatione t5eatur1 angu/ias tam5 animi c]tas1 hebetationem s5suum1 et commotionem qu&am visc]um 9 seipsa exp]iatur4 ,equidem dubit&um m9im reor1 qu9 mon/rosa hc b9a corpora duplici m5te ac spiritu regantur4 ,nam sive cor faciamus1 sive c]ebrum /atuamus animi s$em1 ex utrolibet idem nullo negotio ev9citur4 ,adde tot actiones multiplices1 cogitationes r]um div]sas1 s5sa animi v>ia1 qu1 ut aliud nihil sit1 i/huc p>it] nos doc5t4 ,unum prcipue hic admir&um v5it1 quod commemor>e sup]ius memoria excidit2 po/ prodigiosum videlicet hunc difficilemque p>tum natos esse matri alios lib]os1 ex eodem patre procreatos1 sanos et val5tes1 corpore1 specie ac =ma integros1 qui mon/ri nihil admixtum habeant40 ,,xl4 ,obs]vations on ! ,orig9 & ,use ( ! ,lymphatic ,vessels ( ,animals3 be+ an ,extract f ! ,gul/onian ,lectures1 read 9 ! ,!atre ( ! ,college ( ,physicians ( ,london1 9 ,june #agee4 ,by ,m>k ,ak5side1 ,m4,d4 ,fell[ ( ! ,college ( ,physicians1 & ( ! ,royal ,society4 ,read ,nov4 #cj1 #ageg4 ,,x is prov$1 by a multitude ( exp]im5ts1 t ! lymphatics communicate ) ! blood-vessels4 ,!y may be di/5d$ by bl[+ air1 or by inject+ wat] or m]cury1 into an art]y3 & ! lymph1 :i* !y c>ry1 is frequ5tly1 9 a morbid /ate1 f\nd t+$ ) a mixture ( ! r$ globules or crassam5tum ( ! blood4 ,^u ?is f\ndation two diff]5t !ories h be5 rais$1 conc]n+ ! connection ( ! lymphatics ) ! art]ies4 ,( ^!1 we %all fir/ consid] t ( ! late fam\s pr(essor ,bo]haave4 ,he obs]v$1 t e art]y ( ! body is great]1 9 its diamet]1 ?an any ( its bran*es3 & ?is obs]vation be+ f\nd true1 z f> z our eye & ! microscope c in=m u1 he inf]r$1 by analogy1 t x held good ev5 ?ro' ! mo/ m9ute subdivisions ( ! art]ial sy/em4 ,b1 says he1 proportionable to ! diamet] ( ! canal is ! size ( ! p>ticles mov+ ?ro' x3 !re=e1 if an ultimate capill>y art]y1 admitt+ only "o r$ globule at once to pass ?ro' x1 s5d (f lat]al bran*es1 ^! bran*es w be capable ( receiv+ su* p>ticles only z are small] ?an a r$ globule4 ,b ! p>ticles next 9 magnitude bel[ ! r$ globules are ! yell[ s]\s ones2 & ! lat]al vessel1 ?us receiv+ !m1 is a s]\s art]y1 & ! trunk ( a second ord] ( vessels4 ,9 l mann]1 ?is trunk1 be+ cont9u$ on ?ro' _m less5+ bran*es1 w at la/ gr[ s m9ute1 z to admit only "o s]\s globule3 its lat]al bran*es1 !re=e1 w receive only su* p>ticles z are small] ?an ! s]\s ones3 b ^! are ! p>ticles ( ! lymph2 & ?is lat]al bran* is a lymphatic art]y1 & ! trunk ( a ?ird ord] ( vessels4 ,?us1 9 ! r$ art]ies are conta9$ all ! circulat$ fluids ( ! body2 9 ! s]\s art]ies1 all except ! r$ blood2 9 ! lymphatics1 all except ! r$ blood & s]um3 & ?is subord9ation is1 accord+ to ! same laws1 cont9u$ d[n ?ro' fluids m subtile ?an ! lymph1 to ! smalle/ vessel1 :i* is propagat$ f ! aorta4 ,su* 0 ,bo]haave's doctr9e conc]n+ ! vascul> sy/em ( animal bodies2 l _m ( 8 o!r notions1 +5i\s1 plausible1 & recomm5d+ itself1 at fir/ sight1 by an appe>ance ( geometrical & me*anical accuracy3 b f\nd$ ^u insuffici5t data1 & by no means to be reconcil$ to appe>ances4 ,=1 9 ! fir/ place1 %\ld we admit 8 hypo!sis1 x is c]ta91 t ! conical or conv]g+ =m ( ! aorta1 & ! *ange ( direction 9 its bran*es1 mu/1 9 ! di/ant blood-vessels1 occasion a great resi/ance to ! mov+ blood1 & a great dim9ution ( its velocity4 ,suppose t ?is resi/ance be1 9 any capill>y r$ art]y1 to ! resi/ance 9 ! trunk ( ! aorta1 z any l>g] assignable numb] is to unit3 ! resi/ance1 !n1 9 a capill>y s]\s art]y w1 to t 9 ! aorta1 be z ! squ>e ( t numb] is to unit2 9 ! capill>y lymphatic1 z ! cube2 & s 9 progression3 t is1 ! velocity ( ! fluids1 9 ! remot] s]ies ( vessels1 w be1 physically1 no?+4 ,b we "k1 on ! contr>y1 t "s v remote s]ies ( vessels h _! cont5ts mov$ ) a v consid]able velocity2 p>ticul>ly ! vessels ( ! ins5sible p]spiration3 & 9 anatomical injections1 ! liquor ?r[n into an art]y sc>ce returns m easily or spe$ily by ! correspond+ ve91 ?an by ! mo/ subtile excretory ducts4 ,moreov]1 !re are an inf9ite numb] ( obs]vations ( morbid cases1 9 :i* ! r$ blood itself has be5 evacuat$ ?ro' "s ( ! mo/ remote s]ies ( vessels1 m]ely f an occasional tempor>y ob/ruction 9 "o "p1 or a prt]natural laxity 9 ano!r2 & )\t any la/+ detrim5t to ! /ructure & subord9ation ( ! vessels2 :i* yet1 ^u ?is hypo!sis1 mu/ h be5 utt]ly de/roy$ be=e su* an irregul>ity c\ld h happ5$4 ,! o!r !ory conc]n+ ! orig9 ( ! lymphatics has be5 ma9ta9$ by "s v em95t physiologi/s lat] ?an ,bo]haave2 & supposes1 t ^! vessels receive _! lymph f ! blood-vessels1 or f ! excretories ( ! l>g] gl&s1 by ! int]m$iation ( only "o small vessel1 :i* ^! au?ors t]m a lymphatic art]y1 invisible 9 its natural /ate1 nor yet r5d]$ subject to ! s5ses by exp]im5ts4 ,b to ?is x may be answ]$1 t ! lymphatics are trac$ into _m p>ts ( ! body1 & lo/ !re2 & !re=e mo/ probably h _! orig9 !re1 :]e no l>ge gl& nor blood-vessel is to be f\nd 9 _! neighb\rhood3 t x contradicts ! :ole analogy ( nature1 to suppose ! motion ( an animal fluid m disc]nible 9 ! ve9s ?an 9 ! art]ies3 &1 f9ally1 t x seems r an in/ance ( want ( ?\ght1 & ( be+ impos$ ^u by words1 to call ! lymphatic vessels ve9s1 because !y are furni%$ ) valves2 & !n1 because !y are call$ ve9s1 to take = grant$1 t ( c\rse !y mu/ be ! cont9uation ( art]ies4 ,9 attempt+ to inve/igate matt]s too subtile = ! cognizance ( our s5ses1 ! only me?od1 9 :i* we c reasonably proce$1 is by inf]r+ f :at we "k 9 subjects ( ! same nature3 & our conclusion ?us inf]r$1 conc]n+ ! subject s\ght1 w be firm] & m unque/ionable1 9 proportion z x resembles ! subject kn[n4 ,b if ! subjects be really ( ! same k9d2 if no diff]5ce c be %ewn betwe5 !m1 9 any respect mat]ial to ! inquiry1 9 :i* we are engag$2 9 ?is case our inf]5ce f analogy becomes ! v next ?+ to a physical c]ta9ty3 & ?is ,i appreh5d to be true 9 relation to ! problem be=e u1 conc]n+ ! orig9 ( ! lymphatic vessels4 ,?o' 9 g5]al we _c1 by exp]im5ts1 arrive at ! extremities ( ^? tubes1 nor satisfy ourselves1 by inspection1 9 :at mann] !y receive _! fluid2 yet 9 a v consid]able numb] ( !m we c d bo?4 ,!re is a c]ta9 "p ( ! human body v abundantly provid$ ) lymphatics2 9 :i* "p we c actually =ce injections ?ro' ^? vessels into a cavity1 :]e _! extremities op53 & f ?is cavity1 on ! o!r h&1 we c at pleasure introduce a col\r$ liquor into _! extremities1 & trace x f small] into wid] canals2 f capill>y tubes1 )\t valves1 into l>ge lymphatic trunks copi\sly furni%$ ) !m4 ,we "k likewise1 t into ?is cavity are cont9ually exhal+ an inf9ite numb] ( wat]y & muc\s vessels1 bo? art]ial tubes & excretory ducts3 t ^! keep x moi/ ) a p]petual vap\r1 :i* ! extremities ( ^? lymphatics are1 9 ! mean "t1 p]petually imbib+4 ,does x n seem /range1 :ile ^! p>ticul>s are kn[n & ackn[l$g$ by all ! _w1 t ! great au?ors ( anatomy & physiology %\ld nev] h reason$ f !m2 b %\ld run into complex & obscure suppositions1 9 ord] to expla9 a process1 :i* !y may at any "t exam9e ) _! own eyes8 ,b p]haps ?is inadv]t5cy may be acc\nt$ =1 if we recollect1 t at ! "t :5 ^! vessels1 & ! /ructure ( ?is "p1 7 discov]$1 ! lymph1 & e ?+ belong+ to x1 0 utt]ly unkn[n2 & t ! vessels 9 "q 7 fir/ se5 & consid]$ z p]=m+ ano!r & m rem>kable (fice3 :i* circum/ance1 x %\ld seem1 has prev5t$ succe$+ au?ors f be+ duly att5tive to !m 9 ! capacity ( lymphatics4 ,h[ev] ?is be1 x is c]ta91 t ! lymphatics ( ! mes5t]y1 commonly call$ ! lacteals1 diff] f ^? ( ! o!r p>ts 9 no "o p>ticul>1 save t occasionally !y c>ry *yle in/ead ( lymph2 or r c>ry lymph mix$1 at /at$ times 7t is1 = two or ?ree h\rs aft] ! creature has tak5 food7 ) an emulsion ( vegetable & animal sub/ances1 & col\r$ :ite by t mixture4 ,at o!r times1 7t is1 dur+ sixte5 ( eighte5 h\rs out ( ! tw5ty-f\r7 !y conta9 no?+ b lymph2 & are1 9 e respect1 m]e lymphatic vessels1 n to be di/+ui%$ f ^? 9 any o!r "p ( ! body4 ,_! /ructure is ! same2 ! membrane ( :i* !y are =m$1 _! valves1 ! lymph :i* !y conta91 ! gl&s ?ro' :i* !y pass1 _! direction f small] tubes to l>g]1 & f ^! to ! blood1 diff] 9 no?+ f :at we obs]ve ( ! o!r lymphatics4 ,_! lymph1 9 ! mean "t1 is )\t d\bt or controv]sy suppli$ f ! cavity ( ! inte/9es2 be+ ! wat]y moi/ure cont9ually exhal$ !re = ! purposes ( dige/ion1 & = ! pres]vation ( ! alim5t>y canal1 & z cont9ually tak5 up by ! roots or extremities ( ^! vessels1 9 ord] to be c>ri$ back to ! blood1 aft] x has p]=m$ its (fice 9 ! b[els4 ,let x also be rememb]$1 t ^! vessels1 9 o!r places ( ! body1 are g5]ally1 :5 we trace !m1 lo/ 9 muscul>1 t5d9\s1 or membran\s p>ts3 & !n1 ,i %\ld presume1 x may fairly1 & ) a good degree ( evid5ce1 be conclud$1 t ! lymphatics ( ! body1 9 g5]al1 h _! orig9 among ! little cavities ( ! cellul> sub/ance ( ! muscles1 among ! muc\s folliculi ( ! t5dons1 or ! membran\s receptacles & ducts ( ! l>g] gl&s3 t _! extremities or roots d1 f ^! cavities1 imbibe ! moi/ure exhal$ !re f ! ultimate art]ial tubes1 j z ! lacteals 7! lymphatics ( ! mes5t]y7 d on ! concave surface ( ! inte/9es3 & t ! m9ute imbib+ vessels1 by gradually op5+ "o into ano!r1 =m at l5g? a lymphatic trunk1 furni%$ ) valves to prev5t ! return ( its fluid1 & t5d+ uni=mly1 f ! extremities & f ! visc]a1 to reconvey to ! blood t lymph1 or t f9e /eam1 ) :i* !y are kept 9 p]petual moi/ure2 a circum/ance indisp5sibly necess>y to life & motion3 :ile1 at ! same "t1 ! cont9ual re-absorption ( t moi/ure by ! lymphatics is no less necess>y1 9 ord] to pres]ve ! blood prop]ly fluid1 & to prev5t ! putrefaction1 :i* w\ld inevitably foll[1 if ?is animal vap\r 7 suff]$ to /agnate 9 ! cavities :]e x is dis*>g$4 ,,xli4 ,a ,lett] to ! ,"r ,hon\rable ! ,e>l ( ,macclesfield1 ,presid5t1 ! ,c\ncil1 & ,fell[s1 ( ! ,royal ,society1 conc]n+ ! ,v>iation ( ! ,magnetic ,ne$le2 ) a ,sett ( ,tables annex$1 :i* exhibit ! ,result ( upw>ds ( ,fifty ,?\s& ,obs]vations1 9 ,six p]iodic ,reviews1 f ! ye> #agjj to ! ye> #agef1 bo? inclusive2 & are adapt$ to e ,five ,degrees ( ,latitude & ,longitude 9 ! m frequ5t$ ,oceans4 ,by ,william ,m\nta9e & ,james ,dodson1 ,fell[s ( ! ,royal ,society4 ,read ,nov4 #aj1 #ageg4 ,dat$ ,london1 ,nov4 #i?4 #ageg4 ,,sirs1 ,,on ! #bj? ( ,m>* #agee1 we pres5t$ an address to ?is illu/ri\s ,body1 intitul$1 8,an ,attempt to po9t out1 9 a concise mann]1 ! ,advantages :i* w\ld accrue f a p]iodic ,review ( ! ,v>iation ( ! ,magnetic ,ne$le1 ?r\gh\t ! kn[n ,_w2 reque/+ contributions !reto1 by communicat+ su* obs]vations conc]n+ x1 z _h !n be5 lately made1 or c\ld be procur$ f correspond5ts 9 =eign p>ts40 ,?is address 0 read at ! same "t1 & aft]w>ds hon\r$ ) a place 9 ! ,transactions1 vol4 xlviii4 "p ii4 = #aged3 :i* fav\r we n[ ackn[l$ge 9 ! mo/ grateful mann]2 &1 pursuant to our engagem5ts1 beg leave to lay be=e y "s acc\nt ( ! communications receiv$1 ) a specim5 ( ! uses & applications :i* we h be5 enabl$ to make ( ^?1 & o!r assi/ances ) :i* we h be5 indulg$4 ,on application to ! ,hon\rable ! ,commission]s ( ! ,navy1 we 7 oblig$ ) an ord] ( free access to all _! ma/]s log-books & j\rnals4 ,! ,directors ( ! ,hon\rable ,ea/ ,india ,company grant$ ! l privilege4 ,! ,hon\rable ,committee ( ! ,hudson's ,bay ,company oblig$ u ) sundry obs]vations1 made1 & tabulat$1 by _! own ,capta9s4 ,james ,bradley1 ,d4 ,d4 ,regius ,pr(essor ( ,a/ronomy1 & ,f4,r4,s4 fav\r$ u ) sev]al obs]vations made at ! ,royal ,obs]vatory at ,gre5wi*4 ,john ,hyde1 ,esq2 ,f4,r4,s4 communicat$ a sett ( useful obs]vations1 extract$ f two j\rnals kept on bo>d ! ,triton & ,britannia ,ea/ ,indiam54 ,a correct j\rnal kept on bo>d ! ,delaw> ,ea/ ,indiaman 0 h&$ to u by a g5tleman unkn[n4 ,capt4 ,george ,sn[ furni%$ a consid]able numb] ( obs]vations1 made ) c>e & accuracy by himself1 9 sev]al successive voyages to1 & f ,b>badoes & ,virg9ia2 toge!r ) sev]al rem>ks ^u ! subject3 ,"o1 :i* we appreh5d to be mat]ial1 we beg leave to ins]t1 z x meets ) "s confirmation by ! tables annex$2 viz4 8,at ,b>badoes ! v>iation seems at a /& v ne>2 = 9 ! road1 #ageb1 ,i obs]v$ #e degrees ea/2 & by ,mr4 ,halley's draught1 9 ! ye> #agja1 #e degrees3 9 #agdg1 at ,port ,royal keys1 ,jamaica1 ,i obs]v$ ! v>iation #g #bj' ,e42 & on ! coa/ ( ,c>?ag5a ! same week1 (f ! high l& ( ,sancta ,m>?a1 #g #de' ,e4 ne>ly s\? ( ,port ,royal3 ,!re=e ^! curves are n mu* alt]$2 & ! curve at ,jamaica is ne>ly at a /&1 z ?o' ti$2 & ! s\? "p ( !m1 ) ! re/1 dropp+ to ! we/w>d40 ,mr4 ,mungo ,murray1 au?or ( a treatise on %ip-build+1 pres5t$ u ) sev]al obs]vations tak5 on bo>d ! ,pr9ce ,edw>d & ,*e/]field ,ea/ ,indiam51 & 8 ,maje/y's %ip ! ,neptune4 ,= all ^! fav\rs we return our s9c]e ?anks4 ,no obs]vations made ^u l& h be5 receiv$1 except ,dr4 ,bradley's a=esaid2 :i* has fru/rat$ our int5tions ( cont9u+ ! curves f sea to sea4 ,by collect+1 comp>+1 & adju/+1 all ^! mat]ials1 we h be5 enabl$ to con/ruct v>iation-curves ^u ,dr4 ,halley's m]cator-*>t1 adapt$ to ! ye> #agef2 :i* w soon be 9 read9ess to pres5t to ?is ,royal ,society4 ,z a "w ( ?is k9d requires mu* "t1 & a multitude ( obs]vations1 bo? by sea & l&1 to r5d] x m p]fect & g5]al2 we hope ! +5i\s 9 all nations w l5d _! assi/ance3 ,by ?is means e p]iodic review w be productive ( improvem5t4 ,f ! fir/ in/ant t we made ?is affair ! object ( our m p>ticul> consid]ation1 we h att5d$ to ! mode ( increase & decrease 9 ! v>iation3 & z a consid]able numb] ( obs]vations1 made at p]iodic times1 & duly regi/]$1 seem to be ! mo/ ess5tial t[>d det]m9+ ! laws ( its mutation1 or prov+ its irregul>ity1 we h !re=e =m$ a sett ( tables1 f actual obs]vations collect$ = ! ye>s #agaj1 #agbj1 #agcj1 & #agdd1 ! date ( our la/ *>t2 :i*1 toge!r ) ,dr4 ,halley's = ! ye> #agjj1 & ! pres5t *>t n[ publi%+1 compleat six reviews3 ,^! are tabulat$1 & %ew ! quantity ( ! v>iation1 at ^? sev]al p]iods1 to e #e degrees ( latitude & longitude 9 ! m frequ5t$ oceans2 :i* we hope w prove acceptable1 z no?+ ( ! l k9d has yet appe>$1 or c easily be obta9$4 ,our mat]ials h be5 s defici5t1 t ev5 9 ! limits to :i* our tables are conf9$1 we h be5 oblig$ to leave blanks 9 "s ( ! above p]iods1 = want ( t concurr5t te/imony1 on :i* ! numb]s ins]t$ are f\nd$3 b1 consid]+ ! difficulties unavoidably att5d+ a "w ( ?is sort1 & ! little assi/ance :i* we h met ) f private h&s1 we hope t ?is ,royal ,society w n only excuse ^? vacancies1 b also ^? 9 ! great tracts ( sea1 z well z l&1 conc]n+ :i* we are v unwill+ly oblig$ to be intirely sil5t4 ,agreeable to our =m] address1 we lay only :at appe> to be facts be=e y1 )\t attempt+ to introduce any hypo!sis = ! solution ( ^! phnom5a2 "s ( :i* 7be+ v extraord9>y7 we recomm5d peculi>ly to ! notice ( ^? g5tlem51 :o may endeav\r ! inve/igation ( _! causes4 ,"u ! equator1 9 longitude #dj ,e4 f ,london1 ! highe/ v>iation dur+ ! :ole #ef ye>s appe>s to be #ag ,w4 & ! lea/ #af ,w43 & 9 latitude #ae ,n4 longitude #fj ,w4 f ,london1 ! v>iation has be5 con/antly #e ,e4 b 9 o!r places ! case has be5 widely diff]5t2 = 9 ! latitude #aj ,s4 longitude #fj ,e4 f ,london1 ! v>iation has decreas$ f #ag ,w4 to #g ,w41 & 9 latitude #aj ,s4 longitude #e ,w4 f ,london1 x has increas$ f #b ,w4 to #ab ,w42 & 9 latitude #ae ,n4 longitude #bj ,w4 x has increas$ f #a ,w4 to #i ,w4 ,b !re is /ill a m extraord9>y appe>ance 9 ! ,indian seas3 = in/ance1 "u ! equator1 ,longitude f ,v>iation 9 ,london #agjj4 #agef4 --------------------------------- ,degrees4 ,degrees4 ,degrees4 #dj ,e #af ,w #af ,w #de ,e #ag ,w #ad ,w #ej ,e #ag ,w #aa ,w #ee ,e #af ,w #h ,w #fj ,e #ae ,w #f ,w #fe ,e #ac ,w #d ,w #gj ,e #aa ,w #b ,w #ge ,e #i ,w #a ,w #hj ,e #g ,w #j ,e #he ,e #e ,w #a ,e #ij ,e #d ,w #a ,e #ie ,e #c ,w #j ,w #ajj ,e #b ,w #a ,w --------------------------------- ,:]e ! we/ v>iation 9 ! longitude #dj ,e4 is ! same 9 bo? ! above ye>s2 & 9 #agjj ! we/ v>iation seem$ to be regul>ly decreas+ f longitude #ej ,e4 to ! longitude #ajj ,e42 b 9 #agef we f9d ! we/ v>iation decreas+ s fa/1 t we h ea/ v>iation 9 ! longitude #hj1 #he1 & #ij ,e2 & yet1 9 ! longitude #ie & #ajj ,e4 we h we/ v>iation aga94 ,su* are ! irregul>ities1 t exp]i5ce ha? %ewn u1 9 ! v>iation ( ! magnetic ne$le2 :i* appe> s consid]able1 t we _c ?9k x :olly "u ! direction ( "o g5]al & uni=m law2 b r conclude1 ) ! le>n$ & judici\s ,dr4 ,g[5 ,knight1 ,fell[ ( ?is ,society1 9 ! #hg? prop4 ( 8 treatise ^u attraction & repulsion1 ,t x is influ5c$ by v>i\s & diff]5t magnetic attractions1 9 all probability occasion$ by ! het]og5e\s compositions 9 ! great magnet1 ! ,e>?4 ,not)/&+ all :i*1 %\ld ! sagacity ( "s em95t philosoph] be able to exhibit rules1 :]eby ! quantity ( ! v>iation may be comput$ = future times1 yet !n su* a review1 z we h n[ made1 w be necess>y at a prop] int]val1 to prove ! tru? ( !m3 & %\ld no su* rules appe>1 !n w a cont9u$ succession ( su* reviews be necess>y s long z comm]ce & navigation subsi/ among u4 ,:at we h n[ done is intirely = ! public s]vice1 ! sale ( ! =m] *>t nev] hav+ made good its exp5ce2 & we propose to cont9ue our endeav\rs = ano!r review1 at ! prop] "t1 if we %all !n be alive1 & capable ( ! task3 b z ! contr>y may probably happ51 we beg leave to conclude ) recomm5d+ su* a cont9uation1 9 ! /ronge/ mann]1 to su* ( ! memb]s ( ?is ,royal ,society1 or o!rs1 :o may1 at ! prop] int]vals1 h leisure & ability = su* a p]=mance4 ,we are1 ) ! greate/ def]5ce1 ,y\r ,lord%ip's1 ,& ! ,royal ,society's1 ,mo/ fai?ful & mo/ ob$i5t ,s]vants1 ,william ,m\nta9e4 ,james ,dodson4 ,a ,,table1 exhibit+ ! diff]5t ,v>iations ( ! ,,magnetic-,,ne$le 9 ! m frequ5t$ ,oceans1 f ! ,ye> #agjj to ! ,ye> #agef4 ,longitude1 ,,v>iation4 ,f ,anno ,anno ,anno ,anno ,latitude4 ,london4 #agjj4 #agaj4 #agbj4 #agcj4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,degrees4 ,degrees4 ,degrees4,degrees4,degrees4,degrees4 #j #j #d ,w #aj ,w #j #e ,w #b ,w #h ,w #j #aj ,w #a ,w #c ,w #e ,w #g ,w #j #ae ,w #j ,w #b ,w #c ,w #e ,w #j #bj ,w #j ,e #j ,w #a ,w #c ,w #j #be ,w #a ,e #j ,e #j ,w #a ,w #j #cj ,w #b ,e #b ,e #a ,e #a ,e #j #ce ,w #c ,e #c ,e #b ,e #b ,e #j #dj ,w #d ,e #d ,e #d ,e #c ,e #j #de ,w #e ,e #e ,e #e ,e #e ,e #j #ej ,w #f ,e #e ,e #j #e ,e #f ,w #ab ,w #j #aj ,e #g ,w #ad ,w #j #dj ,e #af ,w #ag ,w #ag ,w #ag ,w #j #de ,e #ag ,w #ag ,w #af ,w #af ,w #j #ej ,e #ag ,w #af ,w #af ,w #ae ,w #j #ee ,e #af ,w #ae ,w #ad ,w #ac ,w #j #fj ,e #ae ,w #ac ,w #ab ,w #aa ,w #j #fe ,e #ac ,w #aa ,w #aj ,w #h ,w #j #gj ,e #aa ,w #i ,w #g ,w #f ,w #j #ge ,e #i ,w #g ,w #e ,w #d ,w #j #hj ,e #g ,w #f ,w #d ,w #c ,w #j #he ,e #e ,w #d ,w #b ,w #a ,w #j #ij ,e #d ,w #c ,w #a ,w #j ,w #j #ie ,e #c ,w #b ,w #j #ajj ,e #b ,w #a ,w #e ,n #j #d ,w #aj ,w #e ,n #e ,w #c ,w #i ,w #e ,n #aj ,w #a ,w #g ,w #e ,n #ae ,w #j ,w #b ,w #c ,w #e ,w #e ,n #bj ,w #j #a ,w #b ,w #c ,w #e ,n #be ,w #a ,e #j #a ,w #b ,w #e ,n #cj ,w #a ,e #a ,e #j ,e #j ,w #e ,n #ce ,w #b ,e #b ,e #a ,e #a ,e #e ,n #dj ,w #c ,e #c ,e #c ,e #b ,e #e ,n #de ,w #d ,e #d ,e #d ,e #d ,e #e ,n #ej ,w #e ,e #e ,e #e ,e #e ,e #e ,n #ee ,w #f ,e #e ,n #e ,e #f ,w #ab ,w #e ,n #aj ,e #g ,w #ad ,w #e ,n #de ,e #af ,w #af ,w #ae ,w #ad ,w #e ,n #ej ,e #af ,w #ae ,w #ad ,w #ac ,w #e ,n #ee ,e #ae ,w #ad ,w #ac ,w #ab ,w #e ,n #fj ,e #ad ,w #ab ,w #aa ,w #aj ,w #e ,n #fe ,e #ab ,w #aa ,w #i ,w #h ,w #e ,n #gj ,e #aj ,w #i ,w #g ,w #e ,w #e ,n #ge ,e #h ,w #g ,w #e ,w #c ,w #e ,n #hj ,e #f ,w #e ,w #c ,w #b ,w #e ,n #he ,e #d ,w #c ,w #b ,w #a ,w #e ,n #ij ,e #c ,w #e ,n #ie ,e #b ,w #aj ,n #ae ,w #a ,w #d ,w #f ,w #aj ,n #bj ,w #j ,w #b ,w #c ,w #d ,w #aj ,n #be ,w #j ,e #j ,w #a ,w #b ,w #aj ,n #cj ,w #a ,e #j ,e #j #a ,w #aj ,n #ce ,w #a ,e #a ,e #j ,e #j ,e #aj ,n #dj ,w #b ,e #b ,e #b ,e #a ,e #aj ,n #de ,w #c ,e #c ,e #c ,e #c ,e #aj ,n #ej ,w #d ,e #d ,e #d ,e #d ,e #aj ,n #ee ,w #e ,e #e ,e #e ,e #e ,e #aj ,n #fj ,w #f ,e #aj ,n #ej ,e #af ,w #ae ,w #ad ,w #ab ,w #aj ,n #ee ,e #ae ,w #ac ,w #ab ,w #aa ,w #aj ,n #fj ,e #ac ,w #ab ,w #aj ,w #i ,w #aj ,n #fe ,e #ab ,w #aj ,w #i ,w #g ,w #aj ,n #gj ,e #aj ,w #h ,w #f ,w #e ,w #aj ,n #ge ,e #h ,w #f ,w #e ,w #c ,w #aj ,n #hj ,e #e ,w #d ,w #c ,w #b ,w #aj ,n #he ,e #d ,w #c ,w #b ,w #a ,w #aj ,n #ij ,e #c ,w #aj ,n #ie ,e #b ,w #ae ,n #bj ,w #a ,w #b ,w #d ,w #e ,w #ae ,n #be ,w #j ,w #a ,w #b ,w #c ,w #ae ,n #cj ,w #j ,e #j ,w #a ,w #a ,w #ae ,n #ce ,w #a ,e #j ,e #j #j ,w #ae ,n #dj ,w #a ,e #a ,e #a ,e #j ,e #ae ,n #de ,w #b ,e #b ,e #b ,e #a ,e #ae ,n #ej ,w #c ,e #c ,e #c ,e #c ,e #ae ,n #ee ,w #d ,e #d ,e #d ,e #d ,e #ae ,n #fj ,w #e ,e #e ,e #e ,e #e ,e #ae ,n #fe ,w #f ,e #e ,e #ae ,n #gj ,w #g ,e #e ,e #ae ,n #ge ,w #g ,e #ae ,n #hj ,w #h ,e #ae ,n #ej ,e #ae ,w #ad ,w #ac ,w #aa ,w #ae ,n #ee ,e #ad ,w #ab ,w #aa ,w #aj ,w #ae ,n #fj ,e #ac ,w #aa ,w #aj ,w #i ,w #ae ,n #fe ,e #aa ,w #aj ,w #h 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---------------------------------------- --------------------- ,we/ ,longitude ,degrees ( ,nor? ,latitude4 ,f ,london4 #ef #eg #eh #ei #fj #fa #fb #fc ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,degrees4 #d #ah #ah #ai #ai #aj ,degrees #ai #ai #bj #bj #ba #bg ( #bd #bd #be #be #de ,we/ #bi #bi #cj #ca #ee ,v>iation4 #fe #ci #dj #da ---------------------------------------- ---------- ,,v>iation 9 ,hudson's-,bay & ,/raits1 = ! ,ye> #ageg4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,we/ ,longitude ,degrees ( ,nor? ,latitude4 ,f ,london4 #ebeeefegeheifj #fa #fb #fc ---------------------------------------- --------- ,degrees4 #fe #ci #dj #da #ga ,degrees #da #da #gi ( #dc #ha ,we/ #ch #ci #dj #hc ,v>iation4 #ahbj #ci #dj #hf #ce #cg #ib #agag #id #agah #ie #ah ---------------------------------------- ------ ,we h be5 in=m$1 t 9 ,hudson's-,bay1 !re has be5 v little alt]ation 9 ! v>iation ( ! compass dur+ ! tw5ty ye>s la/ pa/4 ,,xlii4 ,an ,acc\nt ( "s extraord9>y ,tumors ^u ! ,head ( a lab\r+ ,man1 n[ 9 ,/4 ,b>?olomew's ,hospital4 ,by ,james ,p>sons1 ,m4,d4 ,f4,r4,s4 ,read ,nov4 #aj1 #ageg4 ,,?is poor man1 ^: "n is ,john ,toml9son1 gives ?is acc\nt ( himself3 ,t he 0 born at or ne> ,ro!rham 9 ,york%ire1 & is n[ ab\t #be ye>s ( age3 t :5 he 0 a boy ( f\r or five ye>s old1 at play ) o!r *ildr51 he receiv$ a bl[ f "o ( !m ^u ! top ( 8 head2 & believes t hurt1 he !n receiv$1 0 ! beg9n+ ( ! appe>ances1 t are repres5t$ be=e y4 ,see ,,tab4 ,,xiv4 ,! tumor ^u ! top ( 8 head1 h[ev]1 grew fir/1 &1 aft] hav+ spread all ov] ! v]tex1 ext5d$ gradually d[nw>ds ov] 8 "r %\ld]1 & =w>ds ov] ! os frontis1 on ! same side1 till x /ret*$ d[nw>ds into a lax flabby sub/ance all ov] ! "r side ( 8 face & %\ld]3 !n ! upp] ( ! ?ree ant]ior tumors arose f ! l>ge "o2 ! middle "o f ! ala nasi1 pull+ x d[n by its weight1 z y see x 9 ,figure #a4aih2 & ! l[] "o 0 p5dul\s f ! inside ( ! great tumor by a n>r[ neck4 ,^! are ! appe>ances :i* pres5t !mselves at fir/ sight2 b ^? "u ! great tumor are no less extraord9>y2 =1 ^u lift+ up ! great tumor1 & look+ up "u x1 8 "r eye comes 9 sight1 ) :i* he sees v well1 & ! eye is cle> & s\nd2 b ! "u lid is pull$ d[n1 & /ret*$ to six or sev5 in*es long1 to :i* a tumor hung also1 z l>ge z t ant]ior "o at ! *91 ! l[e/ ( ! ?ree2 besides sev]al flaps & rug ( sk91 & small] tumors4 ,illu/ration3 ,philos4 ,trans4 ,vol4 ,l4 ,,tab4 ,,xiv4 p4 #cej4 ,i4 ,p>sons ,,md4 ad viv4 del4 ,j4 ,mynde sc4 ,! hairy scalp is s /ret*$ by ! v]tical tumor1 t ! hairs are driv5 asund]2 s t ! tumor is 9 "s places bald1 & ! :ole is rugg$ & unev54 ,at its basis1 all r\nd1 till we come to ! ext5d$ "p t goes away to ! "r %\ld]1 a bony edge may be di/9ctly felt1 z if ! skull 0 depress$ at ! top3 & yet ,i _c b believe1 t !re is no depression ( ! ar* ( ! inn] table1 because ! man 0 f 8 *ildhood ev] v heal?y2 be+ nev] tr\bl$ ) ^? symptoms1 :i* usually att5d a depression ( ! cranium4 ,f ?is seem+ edge ! os frontis %oots out a great way ov] ! ossa nasi1 p]haps to two or ?ree in*es beyond ! frontal s9us's2 & is ! basis1 f :i* ! great p5dul\s tumor hangs d[nw>ds & =w>ds4 ,f ! root ( ! nose1 "u ! upp] ( ! ?ree small] tumors1 arises a l>ge trunk ( a ve91 :i* ramifies up to ! v]tical tumor1 & to ! "r ov] ! upp] "p ( ! great p5dul\s "o3 ^! are v conspicu\s1 & s]ve to br+ back ! residual blood f ! tumors3 nor is x unlikely t ! art]ies be> a proportion ) ^! ve9s 9 _! size1 9 ord] to supply ! tumors ) ! matt]1 :i* has giv5 !m _! great increase2 b ^!1 ly+ conceal$1 _c be spok5 to ) any c]ta9ty4 ,if we comp>e ?is gr[? ( ! frontal bone ) t ( o!r exo/oses1 ,i believe !re may ?is diff]5ce be rationally obs]v$2 t o!r exo/oses are g5]ally att5d$ ) ulc]\s tumors1 :i* are = ! mo/ "p canc]\s2 & ^! may comm5ce at any age4 ,i h n[ draw+s1 tak5 f ! "r h& ( a man ( #ej1 :i* repres5t ris+s ( ! radius & ulna1 ) ! f+]s1 to a mo/ frightful degree2 & ^! begun b six ye>s be=e1 & are att5d$ ) f\l runn+ ulc]s2 & n[ ! bones ( ! arm & h&1 on ! left side1 are beg9n+ to h ! same appe>ances3 :]eas ! frontal bone ( ! pres5t subject appe>s s\nd1 z f> z we are able to judge by exam9ation3 nor does !re appe> ! lea/ disposition to ulc]ation 9 any "p ( x4 ,:5 ?is is ! case1 ! gr[? g5]ally beg9s :ile ! subjects are "y2 ^u :i* we %all be m p>ticul> a little fur!r on4 ,8 s5sation ^u e "p ( ^! tumors1 is exactly l t ( e o!r "p ( 8 sk91 hav+ n ! lea/ uneas9ess ^u be+ h&l$4 ,?is poor man work$ at day-lab\r 9 ! fields till "s mon?s be=e he came to t[n4 ,p]haps x may n be improp] to lay d[n ! dim5sions ( ^! tumors1 z ! case is s extraord9>y2 = ! size ( !m is almo/ incr$ible3 b ,i made my draw+ 9 ! pres5ce ( sev]al ( ! g5tlem5 ( t hospital1 :o all[$ x to be v exact1 & precise 9 ! expression ( ! p>ts1 z well z 9 ! dim5sions4 ,! v]tical tumor is ab\t sev5 in*es diamet] at ! basis1 :]e ! bony edge is felt1 m5tion$ be=e1 & ab\t f\r in*es high f t edge4 ,f t edge1 or ! basis ( ! v]tical tumor1 to ! bottom ( ! great tumor1 is t5 in*es2 s t ! l5g? ( bo?1 f ! v]tex to ! end ( ! great "o1 is ab\t #ad in*es3 & ^u view+ x1 :5 he turns 8 side t[>ds y1 ! :ole mass is eight or n9e in*es ov] all ! way2 h>d at top1 & flabby d[nw>ds1 hang+ 9 k9ds ( plaits4 ,f ! eye to ! opposite outl9e ( ! great tumor is six in*es2 & l[] d[n1 f ! left corn] ( 8 m\? to ! opposite outl9e ( ! same tumor1 eight in*es4 ,! upp] small tumor1 ov] ! nose1 is "o in* ?ree qu>t]s long by "o in* & a half2 ! middle tumor is two in*es long f ! ala nasi1 to :i* x hangs1 & ( ! same bread?2 & ! l[e/ tumor1 %ap$ l a goose's egg1 is f\r in*es & a half long by ne> ?ree in*es ov]4 ,?is man is "u ! c>e ( ,mr4 ,crane1 an em95t surgeon ( ,/4 ,b>?olomew's ,hospital1 :o has j n[ tak5 (f ! l[e/ ( ^! ?ree ant]ior tumors1 & also ! tumor m5tion$1 :i* hung und]nea? to ! "u lid ( 8 "r eye4 ,he int5ds proce$+ to take (f t at ! ala nasi next1 & s on till he takes away all ! small] tumors fir/3 aft]w>ds ! l>g] w be consid]$4 ,! sub/ance ( ^? cut (f 0 intirely fat2 nor 0 !re ! lea/ speck ( blood 9 ! l[e/ ( ! ?ree small] tumors2 b !re 0 an hmorrhage f a vessel divid$ 9 tak+ (f t hang+ to ! "r eye-lid2 :i* soon yield$ to ! me?ods he made use (1 & w5t on successfully till q heal$4 ,x is pity no "o ( ! p ( condition 9 ! c\ntry1 :]e ?is poor man liv$1 took notice ( him :ile he 0 a lad2 because1 :5 ! v]tical tumor begun1 or ev5 aft] x _h made "s progress1 if he _h be5 s5t up to any ( our hospitals1 !re w\ld h be5 no difficulty 9 cur+ him4 ,?is leads me to "s precautions1 :i*1 ,i hope1 w r5d] my acc\nt ( ! case ( "s use1 consid]$ 9 a physiological light2 :i* 0 my int5tion 9 ?us lay+ x be=e ?is le>n$ ,society4 ,!re is a great deal ( diff]5ce betwe5 injuries receiv$ 9 "y subjects & 9 adults4 ,9 ! latt]1 ! consequ5ces are n apt to be ( s dang]\s a nature z 9 ! =m] 7except inde$ :]e !re happ5 viol5t fractures or w\nds1 :i* imm$iately dispat* ! p]son1 "y or old72 because1 9 su* z are s f> advanc$ 9 ye>s1 z t ! p>ts h done gr[+1 or1 9 o!r words1 are incapable ( c>ry+ ! p]son to any l>g] size1 pres]v+ ! natural proportion1 a tumor aris+ f a bl[ on ! head w\ld be m]ely local1 )\t ext5d+ to any neighb\r+ p>ts 9 s extraord9>y a mann]3 b 9 *ildr51 z 9 ! case be=e y1 a tumor may increase e mom5t f a bl[1 & spread itself to ! neighb\r+ p>ts1 to ! ru9 ( ! *ild1 unless timely c>e be tak5 to prev5t x2 because 9 su* "y subjects ! p>ts are cont9ually gr[+1 ! vessels enl>g+ 9 _! diamet]s1 & c>ry+ m & m nutrition to e po9t1 9 proportion to ! nature ( ea* individual organ1 always pres]v+ su* an equilibrium1 9 ! di/ribution ( ! nutritive juices1 z is prop] to secure ! due proportion ( e "p z x increases3 b :5 a tumor arises f a bl[ 9 su* a gr[+ subject1 if no w\nd is made1 nor suppuration br\ght on 9 ! tumor1 !n ! p>ts ( ! tumor be+ only weak5$1 ! equilibrium is de/roy$1 a great] flux ( juices ?an ord9>y is c>ri$ to x1 ! due resi/ance be+ impair$1 & a luxuriancy ( gr[? is produc$ 9 ! place ( ! injury1 :i* greatly exce$s t ( ! re/ ( ! body2 & w mo/ c]ta9ly cont9ue 9 ! same mann]1 dur+ ! gr[? ( ! subject1 :5 once ?us begun4 ,9 ! pres5t subject1 ?is luxuriancy 0 communicat$ ev5 to ! ve9s1 :i* are app>5t & l>ge1 & :i* 7 be=e1 9 _! natural /ate1 sc>ce visible2 & n only to ^!1 b to ! v bones ( ! =ehead3 & z to ! integum5ts & membranes ( ! body1 _! great di/5sibility is well kn[n to e "o4 ,i h se5 an ov>ium s di/5d$ by wat]1 & ?ick5$ z x grew1 t x _h sub/ance en\gh to be> be+ dress$ by a tann]1 & conta9$ n9e gallons1 :i* ,i saw p\r$ into x aft] x 0 dress$4 ,& does n e corpul5t p]son %ew ! same p[] ( di/5sion 9 ! membranes & integum5ts ( ! body1 z well z w5s ( all k9ds ^u ! surface8 ,i ?\ght s extraord9>y a case well wor? ! notice ( ! le>n$ memb]s ( ?is ,society 9 itself2 & ! m s1 z ^! few h9ts fall naturally f x1 to r5d] its publication useful4 ,we are taught by ?is1 h[ necess>y x is = all su* z h ! managem5t ( y\? "u _! c>e1 to h an e>ly reg>d to e accid5t t may befall *ildr52 = _m times injuries ( ?is k9d h be5 ?\ght v trivial1 :i*1 be+ ov]look$ & neglect$ too long1 h be5 foll[$ by v direful circum/ances4 ,i h kn[n ab\t a "y g5tleman to h great h>d swell+s ab\t 8 head1 & become epileptic1 los+ 8 s5ses z he advanc$ 9 ye>s1 f a bl[ ) ! back ( a book giv5 him by a ma/]4 ,i am1 ) due respect1 ,! ,,society's ,mo/ ob$i5t ,s]vant1 ,james ,p>sons4 ,sept4 #ah4 #ageg4 ,,xliii4 ,an ,extract ( ! ,regi/] ( ! ,p>i% ( ,great ,%ef=d1 ne> ,lamborne1 9 ,b]k%ire1 = ,t5 ,ye>s3 ,) ,obs]vations on ! same3 ,9 a ,lett] to ,?o4 ,bir*1 ,d4 ,d4 ,secret4 ,r4 ,s4 f ! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,ri*>d ,=/]1 ,rector ( ,great ,%ef=d4 ,read ,nov4 #ag1 #ageg4 ,great ,%ef=d1 ne> ,lamborne1 ,b]ks1 ,july #h4 #ageg4 ,rev4 ,sir1 ,,:5 ,i settl$ 9 ! c\ntry1 abundant leisure enabl$ me to keep an exact p>i%-regi/]4 ,i h n[ f9i%$ t5 ye>s1 ,i tru/1 ) suffici5t c>e1 hav+ exam9$ e ?+ accurately myself4 ,! sight ( ?ree lett]s1 lately publi%$ 9 ! ,transactions1 ^u ! subject ( political ari?metic1 put me ^u ov]look+ & me?odiz+ my own acc\nt2 :i* ,i "h s5d y1 to make :at use y ?9k prop] ( x4 ,f ,lady-day #agdg4 to ,d4 #ageg4 ,males #gc ,baptiz$ ,females #ge #adh ,males #dd ,buri$ ,females #ci #hc --- ,increase #fe ,"u #b ye>s ( age #be ,betwe5 #b #e #d #e - #aj #c #aj - #bj #d #bj - #cj #e ,buri$ #cj - #dj #i #dj - #ej #d #ej - #fj #d #fj - #gj #i #gj - #hj #aa #hj - #hg #e -- #hc -- ,& b "o alive above #hg1 :o is #ia4 ,! ,numb] ( ,p #dbe4 ,! ,numb] ( ,h\ses #ij4 ,! ,numb] ( ,acres #bbde4 :]e( is wa/e4 ,i d n (f] su* trifl+ numb]s z ^!1 z a fit subject to build a canon ( life ^u2 b only z !y may furni% u ) a few p>ticul>s1 :i* may ?r[ "s small light ^u a subject hi!rto v little cultivat$3 & z :at has be5 advanc$ ?is way has be5 always tak5 f great cities1 a little f ! c\ntry p]haps may n be disagreeable4 ,! fir/ obs]vable 9 my numb]s is1 t ! two infancies ( human life are exactly equal2 i4 e4 z _m die above #fj z "u #b ye>s ( age2 & t ^! two p]iods ( life are by mu* ! mo/ sickly1 five eigh?s ( ! :ole1 ne>ly1 dy+ 9 ^! two /ages1 :i* r5d]s ! int]m$iate numb]s v small4 ,?is w give u "s reason to suspect1 t capital cities are v improp] to e/imate ! probabilities ( life f4 ,! cont9ual flux ( p f ! circumjac5t c\ntry1 to seek = employm5t1 makes ! decrem5ts ( life seem mu* l>g] ?an !y really are4 ,london is v rem>kable ^u ?is acc\nt2 & ,breslaw mu/ receive pretty l>ge accessions1 z a v consid]able manufacture is c>ri$ on !re4 ,! second ?+ ,i w\ld obs]ve f my table is1 t x confirms :at ,dr4 ,brack5ridge obs]ves ( ! ,isle ( ,wight2 viz4 t ! bir?s are to ! burials z #b to #a almo/2 ours be+ z #ae to #h ne>ly4 ,n[ if ?is is ! case ( all ! c\ntry places 9 ,engl&1 x w give u a /rong presumption1 t ! increase ( mank9d is mu* quick] ?an ,dr4 ,d]ham's proportion ( #a to #ab2 especially if we consid]1 ,?irdly1 ,t ( ! liv+ n #a 9 #ej dies ye>ly2 & ?is 9 a village n v heal?y4 ,we are situat$ ^u ! celebrat$ ,lamborne /ream1 :i* dries up g5]ally 9 ,augu/1 & leaves a /agnat$ wat]1 & /9k+ mud1 at a critical season ( ! ye>1 :i* br+ on a putrid fev]1 & make our place sometimes v sickly4 ,9 ! ye> #agea we buri$ #ag1 & 9 #agef4 #aa3 & !re=e we may presume1 t 9 ! heal?ie/ p>ts ( ! nation1 ! proportion is /ill great]1 p]haps n "o 9 #fj4 ,9 ord] to cle> up ?is1 x 7 to be wi%$1 t ! actual numb] ( ! p 0 kn[n1 :]e-ev] ! bills ( mortality are exhibit$4 ,all reason+ )\t ?is prelim9>y is really n mu* bett] ?an grop+ 9 ! d>k4 ,a f\r? ?+ obs]vable f my numb]s is1 t ! quantity ( p allott$ to a h\se is too big 9 all =m] calculations3 = if we divide #dbe1 ! numb] ( p1 by #ij1 ! numb] ( h\ses1 x gives b #d4gb1 :i* is n q #d to a h\se2 & !re=e #e to a h\se1 ,i believe1 is z mu* z ought to be all[$1 tak+ ! nation all toge!r4 ,n[ if ! numb] ( h\ses1 tak5 9 ,que5 ,anne's "t1 be any ?+ ne> ! "r1 ) "o f\r? m all[$ = cottages1 accord+ to ,dr4 ,brack5ridge's computation1 we %all make ! p 9 ,engl&1 all[+ #e to a h\se1 to be only #d1eef1eej4 :i* appe>s1 at fir/ sight1 to be too small a numb]4 ,h[ev]1 ( ,%ef=d ,i w\ld beg leave to obs]ve1 7& x is f> f be+ ! poore/ ( villages7 t m ?an two ?irds ( all ! h\ses are d[nright cottages1 & mu/ be exclud$1 "o z mu* z ano!r1 f any propos$ assessm5t4 ,^u ?is f\ndation we mu/ grant1 t at lea/ half ! h\ses 9 ,engl&1 take t[ns & all toge!r1 mu/ be cottages1 & plead an exemption f taxation all alike4 ,& ?us ! numb] ( h\ses w be #a1deh1jif4 :i*1 multipli$ by #e1 w give u ! numb] ( p1 #g1bij1dhj4 ,if to ?is we add ! propos$ increase1 #ghi1eeh4 we %all h #h1jhj1jch = ! numb] ( p n[ alive 9 ,engl&4 ,! fif? & la/ ?+ ,i w\ld obs]ve f my numb]s is1 t we may h5ce guess at ! numb] ( p 9 ! :ole k+dom3 = if #ahga1 ! good acres 9 ,%ef=d1 dem& #dbe p]sons = _! cultivation1 !n w #be1cjj1jjj good acres 9 ,engl& require #e1gjd1afh = ! cultivation ( ! l& only4 ,n[ suppos+ "o ?ird "p ( ! p only to live 9 t[ns1 above :at is necess>y = ! cultivation ( ! l& belong+ to su* t[ns1 !n we mu/ add #b1heb1jhd to ! above sum1 :i* gives u #h1eef1beb = ! numb] ( p 9 ,engl&4 ,x may probably "h be said1 t ?is is b little bett] ?an reckon+ at r&om4 ,inde$ ,i all[ x is s4 ,b !n ,i mu/ beg leave to obs]ve1 t x has full z good a f\ndation to /& ^u1 z any calculation1 t ,i h se5 hi!rto advanc$4 ,x has "o datum1 viz4 a c]ta9 numb] ( p]sons to a c]ta9 numb] ( acres4 ,x ought to be not$ at ! same "t1 t we are an inl& place1 h no sort ( manufacture c>ri$ on1 & consequ5tly no accession ( /rang]s4 ,if we exam9e ! calculation aris+ f ! consumption ( :eat1 we %all see "s reason to suspect1 t ! numb] ( inhabitants 9 ,engl& is n %ort ( eight millions4 ,i am p]suad$ ,i d n exagg]ate1 :5 ,i affirm1 t ?ree f\r?s ( ! p nor? ( ,tr5t1 & 9 ,wales1 d n eat :eat3 & z ?is is ne> a ?ird "p ( ,engl&1 x w foll[1 t "o f\r? ( ! :ole is left out ( ! calculation1 & t we mu/ add ne> two millions to x to make x complete4 ,aga91 ,i compute1 t 9 my p>i% !re are kill$ annually #afj fat hogs1 viz4 above "o to ?ree p]sons2 & t ?is hum\r ( pig-kill+ prevails ov] half ( ,engl& at lea/1 & is 9 "s measure indulg$ 9 all p>ts4 ,n[ we w suppose1 t !re are b six millions ( p 9 ! nation1 & t :at is kill$ 9 ! nor!rn half makes up = :at is defici5t by reason ( t[ns 9 ! s\!rn half2 we mu/ f h5ce conclude1 t a million ( fat hogs are kill$ 9 ,engl& e ye>4 ,n[ "o hog ) ano!r takes two qu>t]s ( corn1 sometimes b>ley1 sometimes pease3 if we put half b>ley1 we %all be "u ! tru?4 ,& "h we %all h a million qu>t]s ( b>ley1 n only to balance ! exportation ( :eat1 b also to be equival5t to1 z mu* bread-corn z w ma9ta9 a full million ( p4 ,f>!r1 x is well kn[n1 t ! greate/ "p ( ! corn-trade is1 ( late ye>s1 got into ! h&s ( mill]s3 & x has be5 :isp]$ ab\t = a consid]able "t1 &1 ,i ?9k1 n[ ! mill]s d n d5y x1 t "s :it+ is c>ri$ to all ! great mills4 ,! excuse alleg$ = x is1 t x makes ! fl\r wet1 & consequ5tly bake1 ! bett]4 ,i am r incl9$ to be ( op9ion1 t x is to give a col\r to some?+ t wants col\r4 ,& inde$1 :o-ev] ta/es ! common bak]s bread aga9/ a piece ( g5u9e :eat-bread1 w h "s reason to suspect1 t all is n gold1 t glitt]s4 ,e body kn[s1 t ! mill]s buy l>ge quantities ( b>ley & pease1 !y say1 to fat hogs3 b !n !y h poll>d1 middl+s1 c4 to fat !m )2 & s may possibly mix ! b>ley & pease ) :eat to gr9d4 ,b z ?is is all surmise1 ,i w\ld h no m weight laid ^u x ?an x des]ves4 ,! next article is ( ! same nature2 ,i mean1 some?+ ( a my/]y 9 trade2 & !re=e to be t\*$ v g5tly4 ,:at ,i w\ld h9t is1 t x is ! op9ion ( _m v intellig5t p]sons1 t a good deal ( malt is made1 :i* does n pay ! excise4 ,i d n pret5d to asc]ta9 ! quantity3 p]haps "o eigh? may n be an extravagant supposition4 ,& if ?is be ! case1 we %all f9d z mu* b>ley1 z w weigh aga9/ bread = half a million ( p4 ,b "h1 9 all probability1 y w object1 t if all ^! articles be admitt$1 we %all make ! numb] ( p ne> elev5 millions2 :i* is und\bt$ly too mu*4 ,i am ready to grant x4 ,& "h1 if ,i might take ! lib]ty to speak my m9d1 ,i ?9k1 t ! all[ance ( "o qu>t] ( :eat to ?ree p]sons is too scanty1 & mu/ q />ve ! poor1 ^: *ief provision is bread3 & !re=e1 two p]sons to a qu>t] may be pretty ne> ! tru?4 ,& !n ! numb]s w /& ?us3 ,su* z eat :eat1 by supposition #d1ejj1jjj ,9 ! ,nor?1 & 9 ,wales #a1ejj1jjj ,aga9/ ! fatt+ article #a1jjj1jjj ,aga9/ ! two la/ articles #a1jjj1jjj --------- #h1jjj1jjj ,i _c conclude ?is long scroll )\t recomm5d+ x /rongly to ! memb]s ( ! ,royal ,society1 :o h _m ( !m seats 9 p>liam5t1 & mo/ ( !m int]e/ 9 ^? t h1 to get an ,act pass$ = p]fect+ regi/]s4 ,! tr\ble is trifl+2 ! exp5ce no?+4 ,x w\ld be ( great s]vice likewise to numb] ! p3 & ?is might be done ) great ease4 ,i 0 n ?ree h\rs 9 f9i%+ m9e on foot2 ?o' x is1 p]haps1 z ext5sive1 = ! numb] ( p1 z mo/ 9 ,engl&1 be+ ne> five miles 9 l5g?4 ,i am1 ,rev]5d ,sir1 ,y\r affectionate ,bro!r1 & v humble ,s]vant1 ,ri*>d ,=/]1 ,rector4 ,,xliv4 ,a rem>kable ,case ( an ,aneurism1 or ,disease ( ! pr9cipal ,art]y ( ! ,?igh1 occasion$ by a ,fall4 ,to :i* is prefix$ a %ort ,acc\nt ( ! ,unc]ta9ty ( ! di/+ui%+ ,symptoms ( ?is ,disease4 ,by ,jos4 ,w>n]1 ,f4,r4,s4 & ,surgeon to ,guy's ,hospital4 ,read ,nov4 #ag1 #ageg4 ,,:5 ! coats ( an art]y become by any means prt]naturally di/5d$1 :5 !y become w\nd$1 or :5 !y become ruptur$ 9 su* a mann] z to dis*>ge & deposit _! =m] cont5ts "u ! neighb\r+ integum5ts1 "u ! aponeurosis1 or t5d9\s expansion ( a neighb\r+ muscle1 or /ill m deeply "u ! muscles !mselves2 ! natural consequ5ce att5d+ ?is accid5t w soon] or lat] be a degree ( elevation1 or tumor3 :i* species ( tumor is kn[n by ! t]m aneurism4 ,if a true aneurism happ5s1 t is1 a swell+ aris+ f a g5]al weakness ( ! coats ( an art]ial vessel1 or f a w\nd or rupture ( "s ( its coats1 x may be (t5 di/+ui%$ f a tumor proce$+ f any o!r cause by a degree ( pulsation1 suppos+ ! situation ( ! injur$ vessel be sup]ficial2 z may be ev9c$ 9 rec5t aneurisms ( ! hum]al art]y1 :i* sometimes happ5 f ble$+ ne> ! b5d+ ( ! elb[-jo9t2 z well z 9 aneurisms ( ! inf]ior "p ( ! radical art]y1 ( ! uln>y art]y1 or ( ! ant]ior art]y ( ! leg call$ tibialis antica2 & z may be obs]v$ to be sometimes ! case too 9 ^? art]ies1 ^: situations are n sup]ficial2 to wit1 9 aneurisms ( ! aorta asc5d5s1 ! curvature ( ! aorta1 & ( ! c>otides4 ,! symptom ( pulsation 9 tumors1 :i* take _! rise f a p>tial w\nd1 or f a g5]al weakness1 & subsequ5t dilatation ( ! coats ( an art]y1 is n conf9$ to ?is species ( aneurism1 b is frequ5tly att5dant ^u false aneurisms 7t is1 su* tumors1 z are occasion$ by extravasat$ art]ial blood71 suppos+ ! disease to be a rec5t "o ( ei!r ( ! prec$+ vessels1 or ( any o!r art]ial vessel n deeply situat$3 & ?is symptom ( pulsation 9 false aneurisms w sometimes be accompani$ ) a discoloration1 or v>iegat$ appe>ance1 ( ! integum5ts dep5d5t ^u ! ins9uation ( ! blood und]nea? !m4 ,b if ! extravasation be conf9$ "u an aponeurosis1 or if ! disease has be5 ( s long /&+1 z to admit ( ! ?9n] p>ts ( ! extravasat$ blood be+ absorb$1 or by any o!r means disp]s$1 & ! fibr\s p>ts1 :i* are left beh9d1 %\ld be accumulat$ 9 consid]able quantities1 & acquire s compact & solid an appe>ance1 z to resemble br[n mac]at$ lea!r 9 _! col\r & texture1 :i* ,i h always obs]v$ to be ! case 9 old diseases ( ?is k9d2 "u ^! circum/ances1 ! orig9al symptoms ( pulsation on ! swell+1 & a discoloration ( ! integum5ts1 = ! mo/ "p become imp]ceptible3 = :i* reasons ! true nature ( ! disease mu/ be att5d$ ) a degree ( unc]ta9ty4 ,x mu/ be ackn[leg$ by all ^?1 ^: exp]i5ce has giv5 !m opportunities ( exam9+ into ^! diseases1 t ! symptoms ( a pulsation1 & a discoloration ( ! tegum5ts f extravasat$ blood1 are n only v (t5 want+ 9 old aneurisms1 b 9 ! mo/ rec5t ones3 :i* proves ! non-exi/5ce ( ^! symptoms to be no c]ta9 *>act]i/ics ( tumors n be+ aneurismal3 & ! reason :y ?is (t5 happ5s may be readily expla9$1 & conceiv$ (1 f demon/rat+ ! v deep or l[ situation ( _m art]ies1 t are kn[n to be liable to ^! injuries2 su* z ! femoral art]ies1 ! art]i tibiales po/ic1 ! art]i p]one1 & "s o!rs4 ,not)/&+ ,i h treat$ ( pulsation on tumors1 & a discoloration ( ! integum5ts or cov]+s ( ! "p1 :5 !y d exi/1 z be+ ! true/ m>ks ( aneurisms2 yet x mu/ n be inf]r$ f :at has hi!rto be5 advanc$1 t ! appe>ances ( ^! symptoms are unexceptionable rules ( tumors be+ aneurismal2 see+ x does happ51 t m]e impo/humations1 or collections ( matt]1 aris+ f ext]nal z well z f int]nal causes1 are sometimes s imm$iately situat$ ^u ! he>t itself1 & at o!r times ^u "s ( its pr9cipal art]ies1 z to p>take 9 ! mo/ regul> mann] ( _! contraction & dilatation 7sy/ole & dia/ole74 ,"s ye>s ago ,i saw an in/ance ( a boy1 ab\t #ac ye>s ( age1 :o _h 8 brea/-bone mu* brok5 by a fall4 ,on ?is acc\nt he 0 admitt$ into ,guy's ,hospital2 b n till a =tnight aft] ! accid5t happ5$4 ,^u exam9ation1 !re appe>$ an evid5t sep>ation ( ! brok5 p>ts ( ! bone1 :i* 7 remov$ at a consid]able di/ance f ea* o!r3 ! int]m$iate space 0 occupi$ by a tumor ( a consid]able size3 ! integum5ts 7 ( _! natural complexion3 ! tumor _h z regul> a contraction & dilatation z ! he>t itself1 or ! aorta c\ld be suppos$ to h4 ,^u pressure1 ! tumor rec$$2 ^u a removal ( ! pressure1 ! tumor imm$iately resum$ its =m] size & %ape4 ,all ^! are ! di/+ui%+ signs ( a true rec5t aneurism4 ,! situation & symptoms ( ?is swell+ 7 judg$ suffici5t reasons = consid]+ ! nature ( ! disease z unc]ta92 on :i* acc\nt x 0 left to take its own c\rse4 ,! ev5t 01 ! tumor bur/ 9 ?ree weeks aft] 8 admittance1 dis*>g$ a consid]able quantity ( matt]1 & ! pati5t did well4 ,f :at has be5 above advanc$ x is pla91 if ^! argum5ts c be support$ by facts1 t ! lay+ d[n su* rules = infallibly di/+ui%+ aneurismal tumors f tumors proce$+ f v diff]5t causes1 mu/ be a matt] ( ! greate/ difficulty3 &1 z a fur!r pro( ( _! unc]ta9ty1 ,i take ! lib]ty ( (f]+ ! foll[+ %ort hi/ory ( a rem>kable case1 :i* has lately occurr$ 9 my own exp]i5ce4 ,9 ! mon? ( ,decemb] #agef4 ,john ,yates1 ag$ #ce ye>s1 receiv$ an hurt ^u & ab\t 8 knee1 by fall+ ^u ! gr\nd f a man's back4 ,! accid5t 0 imm$iately foll[$ ) a consid]able degree ( lam5ess & pa92 :i* ^u /&+ or walk+ 7 greatly increas$4 ,he cont9u$ 9 mu* ! same /ate = ab\t six weeks aft] ! accid5t4 ,at ! end ( ?is "t1 ! calf or ! leg 0 attack$ ) an demat\s or d\ghy swell+2 :i*1 9 a =tnight1 became s pa9ful1 z to disable him f walk+4 ,! tumor cont9u$ to increase = ab\t eight weeks2 & at l5g? ext5d$ itself s f> upw>ds1 z to affect ! greate/ "p ( ! ?igh1 ! :ole ( :i* 0 att5d$ ) excessive pa91 b m p>ticul>ly s ab\t ! knee4 ,n4 ,b4 ,s f> ,i relate f ! pati5t's own acc\nt4 ,on ! #bh? ( ,april #ageg4 he 0 admitt$ into ,guy's ,hospital "u my c>e4 ,^u exam9ation1 ! ?igh appe>$ enl>g$ to a v great size4 ,! tumor 0 uni=m1 & ext5d$ f ! inside ( ! knee to )9 a v small space ( ! gro94 ,! integum5ts 7 9 e "p ( _! natural col\r4 ,^u press+ ! tumor on ! inside1 x appe>$ s(t1 & !re 0 a v evid5t fluctuation to be felt on its int]nal & lat]al "p2 b !re 0 n ! lea/ appe>ance ( pulsation4 ,! tumor1 on its sup]ior & po/]ior p>ts1 0 ( a /ony h>dness4 ,! leg1 :i*1 accord+ to ! pati5t's acc\nt1 _h "s "t ago be5 mu* swell$1 did n n[ appe> to be at all s4 ,he 0 cont9ually 9 great pa91 & _h be5 = "s "t incapable ( gett+ any sleep4 ,8 appetite 0 bad4 ,he 0 a good deal emaciat$4 ,he _h a con/ant sl[ fev]1 :i* arose ab\t five weeks be=e 8 admission into ! hospital4 ,he appe>$ pale & sall[ 9 8 complexion4 ,f ! "t ( 8 be+ plac$ "u my c>e to ! end ( t5 days1 !re 0 no alt]ation 9 ! swell+1 or 9 ! symptoms att5d+ x4 ,9 expectation !re=e ( af=d+ him t relief1 :i* c\ld by no o!r means be procur$1 ,i judg$ x adviseable to make an op5+ into ! tumor2 :i* ,i did by incision into ! mo/ prom95t & fluctuat+ "p2 ^u :i* !re imm$iately gu%$ out a l>ge /ream ( ?9 florid blood1 & at ?is in/ant discov]$ to me ! true /ate ( t disease2 :i*1 till n[1 c\ld n be asc]ta9$ by any peculi> symptom di/+ui%able by ! t\*1 or p]ceptible to ! eye4 ,see+ ?is1 ,i imm$iately fill$ up ! w\nd ) l9t & t[2 & !n proce$$1 9 z exp$iti\s a mann] z possible1 to apply a tight b&age ^u ! ?igh1 ne> to ! gro92 &1 le/ ?is might accid5tally break1 ,i appli$ a second ligature bel[ ! fir/1 & proce$$ to amputate ! limb ^u ! spot4 ,dur+ ! op]ation ! man fa9t$1 b soon recov]$ f ?is deliquium2 &1 )\t any bad symptoms1 gradually recov]$ 8 re/1 appetite1 & /r5g?1 & is n[ 9 p]fect heal?4 ,^u a dissection ( ! ?igh & leg1 ,i discov]$ ! foll[+ appe>ances3 ,a great "p ( ! fle%y portions ( two ( ! ext5sor muscles ( ! leg1 to wit1 ! va/us int]nus1 & crureus1 7 de/roy$1 ) ! subjac5t p]io/eum4 ,f\r ( ! muscles1 ^: uses are to b5d ! leg1 & :i* compose ! int]nal & ext]nal ham/r+s2 to wit1 gracilis1 semit5d9osus1 semimembranosus1 & biceps tibi1 toge!r ) t adductor & flexor muscle ( ! leg call$ s>torius1 7 remov$ at a consid]able di/ance f ! ?igh-bone on its inf]ior "p1 & f ! tibia & fibula on _! sup]ior p>ts2 by :i* means a l>ge b$ or cavity 0 =m$ = conta9+ ! extravasation1 :i* consi/$ p>tly ( a fluid1 & p>tly ( a coagulat$ blood2 b by f> ! greate/ "p ( ! coagulum _h acquir$ s firm & fibr\s a consi/5ce & appe>ance1 z ne>ly to resemble br[n mac]at$ lea!r 9 its col\r & texture4 ,! neighb\r+ muscles appe>$ livid & lac]at$4 ,! os femoris 0 become c>i\s on its inf]ior & po/]ior p>ts2 &1 at ab\t an in* di/ance above ! condyle ( t bone int]nally1 !re arose a consid]able exo/osis4 ,! capsul> ligam5t ( ! knee-jo9t 0 become mu* ?ick5$1 & conta9$ ab\t two ounces ( a viscid yell[ synovia4 ,! femoral art]y1 on its inf]ior "p1 j above its division into tibialis antica & po/ica1 0 diseas$2 :i* disease ext5d$ f\r in*es upw>ds4 ,! coats ( ! art]y 7 consid]ably ?ick5$1 & lac]at$ longitud9ally4 ,! smalle/ diamet] ( ! diseas$ "p ( ! art]y 0 two in*es & "o qu>t]3 ! l>ge/ diamet] ( ! diseas$ "p ( ! art]y 0 two in*es & "o half4 ,hatton-,g>d51 ,nov4 #ag4 #ageg4 ,,xlv4 ,f>!r ,exp]im5ts = increas+ ! ,quantity ( ,/eam 9 a ,fire-,eng9e4 ,by ,keane ,fitz-,g]ald1 ,esq2 ,f4,r4,s4 ,read ,nov4 #bd1 #ageg4 ,i ,gave a =m] acc\nt to ! ,royal ,society ( "s exp]im5ts made = increas+ ! quantity ( /eam 9 a fire-eng9e1 by bl[+ air ?ro' boil+ wat]#aii4 ,! effects !n evid5tly produc$ left me1 & ,i believe _m o!rs1 :o came to view ! exp]im5ts1 no room to d\bt ! seem+ cause4 ,9 :i* error ,i %\ld probably h /ill rema9$1 _h n f>!r exp]im5ts demon/rat$ ! mi/ake4 ,:atev] apology ,i ought to make ?is le>n$ ,society1 = hav+ giv5 9 t acc\nt prematurely1 ,i believe _! great reg>d to tru?1 :i* has always be5 ! basis ( _! rese>*es = ! improvem5t ( natural kn[lege1 w require none = ?is4 ,i %all !re=e1 z briefly z ,i c1 relate ! fur!r exp]im5ts1 t 7 made1 :i* evid5tly demon/rate ! error ( ! =m]2 & f :i* "s phnom5a h occurr$1 p]haps hi!rto unkn[n4 ,9 ord] to try :at diff]5ce ! air pass+ ?ro' a ?9n] body ( wat] might occasion1 ,i br\ght ! horizontal pipe1 :i* 7z m5tion$ 9 ! =m] acc\nt7 0 plac$ #ab in*es "u ! surface ( ! wat]1 to )9 six in*es2 & f\nd1 on sett+ ! eng9e to "w1 t ! lead5 pipe1 = ! conveyance ( air f ! bell[s into ! boil]1 became mu* hott] ?an ,i _h p]ceiv$ x be=e2 :i* c\ld n happ51 if a con/ant cool air _h pass$ ?ro'3 & on %utt+ ! cock1 :i* 0 fix$ 9 ! lead5 pipe to h9d] ! /eam f asc5d+ into ! bell[s be=e ! eng9e %\ld be set to "w1 ?o' no air c\ld !n possibly pass ?ro'1 yet ! bell[s /ill cont9u$ to move ) ! same regul>ity z be=e2 :i*1 on exam9ation1 0 f\nd defective on ! inside1 :]e ! middle bo>d1 t divides ! two bodies1 0 w>p$ & crack$ 9 sev]al places1 ?ro' :i* ! air pass$ v regul>ly f "o body to ! o!r at ea* /roke1 in/ead ( pass+ ?ro' ! pipe into ! boil]1 z imag9$4 ,by ?is1 ! cause ( deception 0 evid5t2 :i* ,i 0 /ill 9 hopes ( rem$y+1 by hav+ a new pair ( bell[s made1 some:at l>g]1 & mu* /rong]4 ,:5 ?is 0 fix$1 & ! eng9e work$ a few /rokes1 ,i 0 surpris$ to f9d ! bell[s did n come d[n1 b rema9$ fully *>g$ ) air1 ?o' x _h #djj lb4 weight ^u x2 & t1 on increas+ ! weight gradually to #adjj lb4 :i* 0 z mu* z ! bell[s c\ld support1 ! air 0 n =c$ ?ro'4 ,i also made sev]al exp]im5ts1 by l[]+ ! horizontal pipe two feet "u ! surface ( ! wat]1 & rais+ x at diff]5t times to )9 f\r in*es ( ! surface1 & c\ld n at any dep? =ce ! air ?ro'1 :il/ ! eng9e work$2 b on op5+ ! /eam-pipe1 :i* is a pipe = lett+ ! /eam pass f ! boil] :5ev] ! eng9e /ops1 ! bell[s c\ld !n readily =ce ! air ?ro'1 ?o' ! wat] boil$ ev] s /rong1 & seem+ly made a surpris+ increase ( /eam4 ,i _h ! lead5 pipe to convey ! air f ! bell[s1 :i* 0 fir/ put ?ro' ! top into ! boil]1 c>ri$ on ! outside1 & pass$ horizontally into x1 ab\t ! height ! wat] g5]ally /&s1 t by op5+ a cock1 fix$ = ! purpose close to ! boil]1 ,i c\ld readily dis*>ge all ! /eam lodg$ 9 ! pipe2 & by %utt+ ! cock1 & mak+ small holes at ?ree or f\r in*es di/ance1 ,i c\ld almo/ f9d ! po9t1 :]e ! air & /eam met 9 opposition1 cool air be+ /rongly expell$ ?ro' "o1 & hot /eam ?ro' ! o!r4 ,x 0 also p]ceptible1 t ! air 0 impell$ some:at1 ?o' n consid]ably1 m =w>d by ! addition ( ea* hundr$ weight on ! bell[s3 ,t ! deep] ! horizontal pipe 0 plac$ 9 ! wat]1 ! less resi/ance 0 made by ! /eam3 ,t 9 proportion z ! heat ( ! /eam 0 increas$1 by mak+ ! wat] boil m /rongly1 ! resi/ance to ! pressure ( ! air by ! weight on ! bell[s became great]4 ,x is a v d\btful matt]1 :e!r air =c$ ?ro' boil+ wat] w\ld h answ]$ ! purpose int5d$3 b ,i believe x 0 nev] imag9$1 t air c\ld n be readily =c$ ?ro'1 until prov$ by ! =ego+ exp]im5ts4 ,! attempt1 ?o' x has fail$ demon/rably 9 t po9t1 has produc$ ! same effect f ano!r cause1 z to sav+ coals1 & ?r[+ up m wat]4 ,=1 by ! con/ant c>e1 t 0 tak5 dur+ ! "t ( mak+ ^! exp]im5ts1 to measure ! coals1 to admit only a prop] quantity ( fuel to be laid on1 & also to m>k ! "t exactly x took 9 burn+2 ! eng9e !n did1 & /ill cont9ues to require eight bu%els ( coals less1 9 e #bd h\rs "w1 ?an x did be=e2 & also1 f ! regul>ity ( its /roke1 to ?r[ up m wat]2 ! same c>e be+ requir$ f ! eng9e]1 :o c h no pret5ce = consum+ m coals n[1 ?an appe>$ suffici5t dur+ ! "t ! exp]im5ts 7 mak+4 ,?o' "s ( ! prop]ties ( /eam are well kn[n2 yet ! degrees ( expansion x is capable (2 :e!r air be mix$ )1 or necess>y to1 its =mation2 z also h[ f> its p[] ( resi/ance may rea*2 are probably n yet kn[n1 to a prop] degree ( exactness4 ,niew5tit fixes ! expansion ( a cubical in* ( wat]1 conv]t$ into /eam1 at #accfe1 ,dr4 ,desaguli]s at #adjjj1 & ,mr4 ,payne at #djjj times4 ,! great scope 9 ?is subject f a pl5um to a vacuum1 if ,i may be all[$ ! expression1 z also ! v useful purposes1 to :i* x has already be51 & possibly may be /ill fur!r appli$1 w1 ,i hope1 be an inducem5t to ^?1 :o are mu* bett] qualifi$1 to proce$ 9 s useful an inquiry4 ,,xlvi4 ,obs]vatio ,eclipsis ,lun ,die #bg ,m>tii1 ,ann4 #agee4 habita ,ulissipone 9 ,domo ,patrum ,congregationis ,oratorii ,joanne ,*evali] ejusdem ,congregationis ,presbyt]o1 ,regi ,lond95sis ,societatis ,socio1 ,regique ,p>isi5sis ,sci5ti>um ,academi correspond5te4 ,tubo optico #h p$um p]acta e/ obs]vatio clo s]5o1 cl>oque4 ,read ,dec4 #h1 #ageg4 ,,imm]siones4 ,hora po/m]idiana temporis v]i4 h ' 0 ,initium p5umb rdubium #aj #bi #ej ,initium eclipsis dubium #aj #cc #ce ,c]te jam incp]at #aj #cd #je ,umbra ad m>e humorum #aj #dd #jj ,umbra ad ,grimaldum #aj #dd #ec ,grimaldus totus 9 umbra #aj #dg #eh ,m>e humorum totum 9 umbra #aj #ea #ad ,?ico incipit m]gi #aj #ec #bi ,?ico totus m]gitur #aj #ee #ad ,umbra ad ,re9holdum #aa #jh #jd ,umbram +r$itur ,cop]nicus #aa #ai #bb ,umbra ad m>e nect>is #aa #bd #eb ,totum 9 umbra #aa #cc #ej ,umbra ad m>e tranquillitatis #aa #ce #bd ,promontorium acutum 9 umbra #aa #de #df ,,em]siones4 h ' 0 ,incipit em]g]e ab umbra ,cop]nicus #ab #jd #ch ,totus ,cop]nicus extra umbram #ab #jg #dj ,incipit egr$i ,grimaldus #ab #ji #ch ,totus ,grimaldus extra umbram #ab #ab #ch ,incipit em]g]e m>e fcunditatis #ab #ca #cg ,em]git m>e humorum #ab #cf #aa ,incipit em]g]e ,capuanus #ab #ci #dj ,egr$itur ,s*ic>dus #ab #dh #cj ,em]git ,?ico #ab #ea #dj ,totum m>e nect>is egr$itur #ab #eh #ji ,f9is eclipsis #ac #ac #jb ,f9is p5umbr dubius #ac #af #ej ,,xlvii4 ,eclipsis ,lun ,die #d ,febru>ii1 ,ann4 #ageg4 habita ,ulissipone ,joanne ,*evali] ,presbyt]o ,congregationis ,oratorii1 ,regi ,lond95sis ,societatis ,socio1 ,regique ,sci5ti>um ,p>isi5sis ,academi correspond5te1 et a ,!odoro de ,almeida ejusdem ,congregationis ,presbyt]o1 ac ,physic publico ,pr(essore4 ,read ,dec4 #h1 #ageg4 ,,hanc obs]vationem p]egi tubo optico novem p$es longo1 cujus l5s ocul>is focum habebat ad #d pollices1 et l9eam unam3 adhibui pret]ea vitrum planum cruleum1 quod oculum int] et ocul>em l5tem int]ponebam1 ut +ressum macul>um 9 umbram obs]v>em juxta ea qu 9 obs]vatione eclipsis lun ann4 #agee4 inv5it cl>issimus vir ,josephus ,so>es de ,b>ros ex regia ,b]ol95si academia4 ,primum igitur vitro cruleo adhibito obs]vabam +ressum macul 9 umbram1 et tempore notato it]um solo tubo optico +ressum ejusdem macul 9 umbram obs]vabam1 et diff]5tiam utriusque +resss notabam4 ,initio eclipsis clum s]5um ac cl>um fuit1 po/ea nubilum1 et po/ maximam obscurationem vapores horizontis et cl>itas incipi5tis diei obs]vationem p]ag]e imp$i]e4 ,man4 ,h4 ,m4 ,s4 ,initium p5umbr #d #eb #di ,initium dubium eclipsis #d #ee #bi ,c]to jam incp]at #d #eg #cj ,umbra ad ,ari/>*um obs]vata vitro cruleo plano #e #jj #ai ,solo tubo optico adhibito #e #jj #ej ,kepl]us umbram +r$itur obs]vatus tubo1 et vitro cruleo plano #e #ac #bj ,obs]vatus solo tubo optico #e #ad #jj ,plato umbram +r$itur obs]vatus tubo1 et vitro cruleo #e #ae #b ---- ,solo tubo #e #ae #dj ,umbra ad ,eudoxum #e #ag #ah ,m>e s]5itatis incipit m]gi #e #cj #aj ,cop]nicus obs]vatus tubo et vitro cruleo umbram +r$itur #e #cf #dh ---- ,solo tubo #e #cg #bb ,m>e ,crisium +r$itur umbram #e #ec #ea ---- ,m$ium 9 umbra #e #ei #cj ---- ,totum m]gitur #f #e #ba ,m>e fcunditatis occult>i incipit #f #g #da ,umbra ad promontorium acutum #f #h #cc ,umbra tangit m>e nect>is #f #bb #ea ,umbra ad ,langr5um #f #bc #cc ,obs]vationes ,eclipsium ,satellitum ,jovis ,ulissipone habit a ,,joanne ,,*evali]1 c4 ,,anno #ageg telescopio ,gregoriano #g p$um nocte s]51 nullque lun>i luce illu/rat1 obs]vavi imm]sionem totalem primi satellitis die #ba ,m>tii tempore v]o po/m]idiano #aa #ac' #a0 ,die v]o #bb ,m>tii tempore v]o1 et antem]idiano1 obs]vavi imm]sionem totalem t]tii satellitis #j #ac' #cb0 ,,xlviii4 ,obs]vationes ,eclipsium ,satellitum ,jovis ,ulissipone habit ,joanne ,*evali]1 ,presbyt]o ,congregationis ,oratorii1 ,regique ,lond95sis ,societatis ,socio1 ,anno #ageg4 ,read ,dec4 #h1 #ageg4 ,t,elescopio ,gregoriano #g p$um obs]vavi em]sionem primi satellitis die #g ,junii cum clum s]5um ac cl>um esset1 hora po/m]idiana temporis v]i #aj #bi' #ab0 ,die #h ,junii eodem telescopio obs]vavi em]sionem secundi satellitis hora po/m]idiana #h #cb' #dh0 clum aliquantum nubilum erat4 ,eadem die obs]vavi em]sionem t]tii satellitis hora po/m]idiana #i #cf' #be0 clo cl>o4 ,die #ae ,junii clo cl>o obs]vavi em]sionem secundi satellitis hora po/m]idiana #aa #f' #ae0 ,sequ5ti die #af ,junii obs]vavi imm]sionem t]tii satellitis hora matut9a temporis v]i #j #j' #bi0 ,,xlix4 ,a rem>kable ,case ( ! ,efficacy ( ! ,b>k 9 a ,mortification4 ,9 a ,lett] to ,william ,watson1 ,m4,d4 ,f4,r4,s4 f ,mr4 ,ri*>d ,gr9dall1 ,surgeon to ! ,london ,hospital4 ,read ,dec4 #h1 #ageg4 ,au/9-,fri>s1 ,dec4 #g?1 #ageg4 ,,sir1 ,,! foll[+ case be+ v s+ul> has induc$ me to lay x be=e ! ,royal ,society1 & beg ! fav\r to d x ?r\gh y\r means4 ,al?\gh num]\s in/ances are relat$ 9 ! records ( m$ic9e1 ( ! great dang] 9 int]rupt+ nature 9 h] op]ations1 !re is n "o 7s f> z ,i "k71 9 :i* m viol5t & extraord9>y effects h be5 produc$1 ?an 9 ! foll[+4 ,x may happ5 also1 t ?is in/ance may be ( s]vice 9 asc]ta9+ ! virtue ( ! m$ic9e 9 int]mitt5ts1 :5 9 ! h&s ( m5 ( judgm5t4 ,on ! #bh? ( ,june #ageg4 ,m>y ,alex&]1 ag$ #ca ye>s1 ( ! p>i% ( ,:ite*apel1 0 br\ght into ! ,london hospital1 hav+ a mortification 9 bo? h&s1 :i* rea*$ ab\t an in* & half above ! wri/s4 ,all h] toes1 & ab\t an in* ( "o foot beyond ! la/ jo9t1 7 mortifi$2 h] nose 0 also intirely de/roy$ by a mortification2 & all ^! happ5$ at ! same "t4 ,^u inquiry into ! cause ( ?is mis=tune1 ,i f\nd1 t on ,monday ! #cj? ( ,may %e 0 seiz$ ) a quotidian ague1 :i* usually began ab\t ?ree ( ! clock 9 ! aft]noon1 & la/$ ne> two h\rs2 :i* 0 succe$$ by a hot fit1 & !n a viol5t sweat4 ,& 9 ?is mann] %e 0 afflict$ = sev5 days )\t any mat]ial alt]ation2 :51 be+ in=m$ by a neighb\r1 ( a p]son1 :o _h an infallible rem$y = ! cure ( an ague1 %e appli$ to him4 ,he br\ght h] two phials1 conta9+ ab\t an ounce & half ea*1 ( a pale yell[i% liquor2 "o ( :i* he direct$ h] to take directly1 promis+1 t %e %\ld h no return ( ! fit ( consequ5ce2 & t1 if %e _h any small return1 ! second bottle %\ld cure h] effectually4 ,9 consequ5ce ( :i*1 %e took "o dose1 :i* 0 at ! "t ! cold fit _h be5 on ab\t a qu>t] ( an h\r3 %e _h no soon] swall[$ x1 b1 z %e says1 h] /oma* 0 on fire1 & felt z if %e _h swall[$ ! /ronge/ dram possible4 ,! cold fit left h] in/antly2 b %e 0 imm$iately seiz$ ) s viol5t a fev]1 z to make h] burn1 & be extremely ?ir/y1 all ! foll[+ night2 mu* m s ?an ev] %e _h be5 be=e1 till ! next morn+1 :5 a sweat a little reliev$ h] f ! viol5t heat4 ,:5 %e rose 9 ! morn+1 %e 0 mu* tr\bl$ ) a great it*+ 9 ! h&s1 feet1 & nose2 & soon aft] all ^? p>ts began to feel numb$1 or1 z %e describes x1 z if h] h&s & feet 7 asleep2 :i* %e took b little notice (1 till ! ev5+ ( t day1 :5 %e f\nd ! nails ( bo? h&s & feet 7 turn+ black1 &1 at ! same "t feel+ great pa9 9 bo?1 z also 9 h] nose1 & t !y appe>$ ( a d>ki% r$ col\r1 l ! sk9 9 cold wea!r4 ,^u :i*1 at n9e o'clock t night %e s5t = an apo!c>y1 f :om1 ,i h s9ce be5 in=m$1 ! p]son be=e m5tion$ _h b\ght ! m$ic9e1 :i* he gave h]4 ,! apo!c>y 0 n at home2 8 j\rneyman w5t1 & f9d+ ! woman _h a difficulty ( brea?+1 ord]$ h] a mixture ) sp]ma ceti & ammoniacum to be tak5 occasionally4 ,! apo!c>y did n see h] himself till ! #af? ( ,june1 :5 f9d+ h] 9 a v bad condition1 t h] h&s1 & feet1 & nose1 7 intirely black1 & _h _m vesicles or small bladd]s ^u !m1 fill$ ) a blacki% bloody wat]2 he op5$ !m1 & let out ! fluid1 & dress$ !m ) yell[ basilicon2 & 9 ?is mann] cont9u$ treat+ h] till ! #bj? ( ! same mon?1 :51 f9d+ no mat]ial alt]ation = ! bett]1 he ord]$ h] a br[ni% mixture1 ( :i* %e 0 to take f\r spoonfuls e f\r h\rs2 :i*1 he in=m$ me1 0 a decoction ( ! b>k2 & says1 on tak+ ?is1 %e 0 bett]1 z ! mortification seem$ incl9$ to /op4 ,b z x 0 a bad case1 he advis$ ! woman to be c>ri$ to an hospital3 & 9 ?is condition 0 %e br\ght 91 :5 %e 0 imm$iately put into a c\rse ( ! b>k1 tak+ a dra*m ( ! p[d] e f\r h\rs2 & 9 #dh h\rs tak+ x !re 0 a p]fect sep>ation ( all ! mortifi$ p>ts4 ,%e 0 !n ord]$ to take x only ?ree times 9 #bd h\rs2 & pursu+ ?is me?od = eight days1 !re 0 a v good dige/ion f ! p>ts above ! mortification4 ,! mortifi$ "p became n[ s (f5sive1 t ! poor woman press$ me mu* to take (f h] h&s1 assur+ me %e w\ld g ?r\gh ! op]ations ) good c\rage1 be+ v desir\s to live1 ?\gh 9 ?is mis]able condition4 ,on ! #ab? ( ,july ,i took (f bo? h] h&s3 ,i _h v little m to d1 ?an saw ! bones1 nature hav+ /opp$ ! ble$+1 :5 %e /opp$ ! mortification4 ,9 a day or two aft]1 ,i took (f all ! toes f bo? feet1 & n[ discont9u$ ! b>k1 ! p>ts appe>+ 9 a heal?y & heal+ condition2 :i* w5t on s = five weeks1 :51 on a sudd51 ! p>ts began to look livid1 h] /oma* fail$ h]1 & %e 0 fev]i%2 b1 ^u tak+ an ounce ( ! b>k1 9 #cf h\rs h] sores began aga9 to look well4 ,%e 0 n suff]$ to leave (f ! b>k s soon ?is "t1 b cont9u$ tak+ x twice a day = a mon?4 ,%e is n[ almo/ well3 t "p ( h] face1 f :5ce ! nose mortifi$1 0 heal$ 9 sev5 weeks2 ! /umps ( bo? arms are intirely heal$2 & bo? feet are well1 only wait+ = "o piece ( bone scal+ (f1 :i* ,i believe w be 9 a v %ort "t2 & %e is n[ 9 good heal?4 ,! p]son1 :o gave h] ?is m$ic9e1 is a ,b>b] & ,p]uke-mak] at ,b[4 ,i appli$ to him sev]al times1 to in=m me :at x 0 he _h giv5 h]4 ,! affair 0 talk$ ( s mu* 9 8 neighb\rhood1 & ! man ?reatn$ by ! woman's husb&1 t = a long "t ,i c\ld n get him to tell me1 till ,i told him1 ,i _h be5 in=m$ :]e he b\ght ! m$ic9es2 & ! "t ( ! day1 t he _h !m1 correspond+ ) ! "t ( 8 giv+ !m to ! woman1 & t ,i knew x 0 t9cture ( myrrh1 he at la/ told me1 t he _h frequ5tly giv5 ! above quantity ( an ounce & half ( x 9 an ague2 t x _h nev] done any h>m2 & h>dly ev] fail$ to cure4 ,^u :i* in=mation1 ,i c>ri$ "s t9cture ( myrrh to ! woman1 :o ta/$ x1 & is well assur$ x is ! same liquor ! b>b] gave h] 9 h] ague-fit4 ,i am1 ) respect1 ,y\r oblig$ & ob$i5t ,s]vant4 ,ri*>d ,gr9dall4 ,l4 ,a ,lett] to ! ,rev4 ,?o4 ,bir*1 ,d4,d4 ,secret4 ,r4,s4 f ,john ,pr+le1 ,m4,d4 ,f4,r4,s4 inclos+ ,two ,pap]s communicat$ to him by ,rob]t ,:ytt1 ,m4,d4 ,f4,r4,s4 ,read ,dec4 #ae1 #ageg4 ,pallmall-,c\rt1 ,/4 ,james's1 ,dec4 #aj4 #ageg4 ,,sir1 ,,ab\t ?ree weeks ago ,i put into y\r h&s an extract ( a lett]1 ,i _h !n receiv$ f ,dr4 ,:ytt1 conta9+ a po/script to 8 ,obs]vations on ,"l ,walpole's ,case2 & slightly m5tion+ "s d\bts he _h !n ab\t ! ju/ness ( ,dr4 ,spr+sfeld's exp]im5ts ) lime-wat]1 f "s trials he himself _h made1 ^u read+ t g5tleman's curi\s treatise on ! extraord9>y li?ontriptic quality ( ! wat]s at ,c>lsbad 9 ,bohemia4 ,)9 ^! few ,days1 ,dr4 ,:ytt hav+ fav\r$ me ) a full acc\nt ( ^? exp]im5ts1 ,i h h]e) s5t y 8 pap]1 9 ord]1 if y please1 to lay x be=e ! ,society2 :i* ! au?or desires may be done1 9 case ^! obs]vations %\ld be judg$ useful4 ,! o!r pap] inclos$ 0 s5t me by ! same h&1 to be likewise pres5t$ to ! ,society1 z a well-atte/$ in/ance ( ! electrical p[] 9 ! cure ( a palsy4 ,to ! o!r te/imonies ,i h subjo9$ :at ,dr4 ,:ytt says 9 8 lett] to me1 by way ( /r5g!n+ ! evid5ce4 ,i %all only add1 t s9ce ,mr4 ,brydone1 ! au?or ( ?is acc\nt1 has omitt$ tell+ h[ long ! pati5t has cont9u$ 9 p]fect heal? s9ce ! op]ation1 x appe>s %e mu/ h be5 well = "s mon?s be=e ! date ( 8 pap]2 because1 be=e ! end ( la/ summ]1 ,dr4 ,:ytt transmitt$ ! same case to me1 :i* ,i !n return$1 9 ord] to h x drawn up 9 a full] mann]1 & ) o!r v\*]s besides ! g5tleman1 :o p]=m$ ! cure4 ,! ,doctor has be5 s good z to comply ) my reque/1 hav+ procur$ a m ample acc\nt ( ! circum/ances f ,mr4 ,brydone1 & ! atte/ation ( two m9i/]s1 besides t ( ! pati5t h]self4#bjj ,my difficulties be+ ?us remov$1 ,i believe ,i may n[ ) fre$om (f] ?is v curi\s case to ! att5tion ( ! ,society4 ,i am1 ,,sir1 ,y\r mo/ ob$i5t humble ,s]vant1 ,john ,pr+le4 ,po/script to ,dr4 ,:ytt's ,obs]vations on ,"l ,walpole's ,case#bja4 ,read ,dec4 #h1 #ageg4 8,i ,d n "k1 if x be wor? :ile to obs]ve1 t lately1 9 mak+ "s exp]im5ts ) diff]5t calculi1 !re 0 "o almo/ z :ite z *alk1 b ( a less h>d sub/ance ?an ! o!rs2 & :i* 0 n 9 ! lea/ degree dissolv$ or s(tn$ by be+ infus$ #bj days 9 oy/]%ell lime-wat]1 b yield$ some:at to a solution ( ,spani% soap 9 common wat]4 ,f ?is exp]im5t "o may conclude1 t x is bett] to prescribe bo? soap & lime-wat] = ! /one1 ?an any "o ( !m alone2 & t if "o ( ^! rem$ies has fail$ ( giv+ relief1 ! o!r ought to be tri$3 = z ! above :ite calculus1 :i* yield$ a little to ! solution ( soap1 resi/$ lime-wat]2 s !re may p]haps be o!rs1 t are readily dissolv$ by lime-wat]1 b little affect$ by soap4 ,dr4 ,spr+sfeld's exp]im5ts ) lime-wat] are someh[ n j2 = 9 sev]al calculi ,i h f\nd ! dissolv+ p[] ( oy/]%ell lime-wat] above eight times great] ?an he makes x40 ,"s ,obs]vations on ! li?ontriptic ,virtue ( ! ,c>lsbad ,wat]s1 ,lime-wat]1 & ,soap3 ,9 a ,lett] to ,dr4 ,john ,pr+le1 ,f4,r4,s4 f ,dr4 ,rob]t ,:ytt1 ,f4,r4,s4 & ,pr(essor ( ,m$ic9e 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,ed9burgh4 ,read ,dec4 #ae1 #ageg4 ,,sir1 ,,f ! exp]im5ts relat$ 9 ,dr4 ,spr+sfeld's ,comm5tatio de prrogativa !rm>um ,c>ol9>um1 c4 :i* y 7 s good z to s5d me "s "t ago1 x appe>s1 t ^! wat]s are n only possess$ ( a v extraord9>y p[] ( dissolv+ ! /one1 b t 9 ?is respect !y greatly exce$ lime-wat]4 7,a7 ,?us1 ,dr4 ,spr+sfeld hav+ infus$1 = #ad ,days1 9 a heat ( #if degrees ( ,fahr5heit's scale1 ?ree pieces ( ! same calculus1 ea* weigh+ #cj gra9s1 9 egg%ell lime-wat]1 ! ,c>lsbad wat]1 & 9 ! ur9e ( "o :o daily drank ?is la/ wat]1 r5ew+ ^! sev]al m5/ruums e day1 he f\nd1 on ! #ae? day1 t ! calculus 9 ! lime-wat] _h lo/ #a gra91 ! calculus 9 ! ,c>lsbad wat] #f gra9s1 & t 9 ur9e #e gra9s4 7,b7 ,aga91 hav+ divid$ ano!r calculus into f\r p>ts1 ea* ( :i* 0 r$uc$ to #hj gra9s1 he put ! fir/ 9 oy/]%ell lime-wat]1 ! second 9 ,c>lsbad wat]1 & ! ?ird 9 ! ur9e ( a p]son :o drank ?is wat]4 ,aft] #bj days1 dur+ :i* "t ! m5/ruums 7 r5ew$ e day1 & kept 9 a heat ( #if degrees1 ! dri$ calculi _h lo/ ( _! weight z foll[s3 ! fir/ #c gra9s1 ! second #ah gra9s1 & ! ?ird #ad gra9s4 ,al?o' ,i make no d\bt t ,dr4 ,spr+sfeld1 :o appe>s to be a man ( c&\r1 z well z le>n+1 has fai?fully relat$ ! ev5t ( ! exp]im5ts1 :i* he made2 yet ei!r ! lime-wat] he us$ mu/ h be5 v weak1 or "s o!r mi/ake mu/ h happ5$ 9 8 exp]im5ts3 = 9 all ! num]\s trials ,i made1 ab\t #ae ye>s ago1 ( lime-wat]1 z a solv5t = ! /one1 ,i always f\nd its dissolv+ p[] mu* great]1 ?an x appe>s 9 ,dr4 ,spr+sfeld's exp]im5ts4 ,& z 9 ^! trials diff]5t ur9>y /ones 7 us$1 x c sc>cely be imag9$1 t x 0 ow+ to ! peculi> h>dness ( ,dr4 ,spr+feld's calculi1 t ! lime-wat] made s little impression on !m4 ,h[ev]1 to be /ill fur!r satisfi$ ( ?is matt]1 ,i made ! foll[+ exp]im5ts4 #a4 ,i put a piece ( a v h>d calculus1 :i* ,i %all call x1 weigh+ #hj gra9s1 9 oy/]%ell lime-wat]1 r5ew+ ! lime-wat] e day1 & keep+ x 9 a heat betwe5 #ij & #ajf degrees ( ,fahr5heit's scale4 ,aft] #bj days1 ,i took out ! calculus2 & hav+ set x by = "s days1 till x 0 become q dry1 ,i bru%$ away all ! rott5 "p ( x1 :i* 0 r$uc$ to a k9d ( *alky p[d]1 & f\nd t ! undissolv$ "p ( x weigh$ #eg gra9s4 #b4 ,at ! same "t a piece ( ano!r calculus1 z1 weigh+ #ae gra9s1 01 aft] a l infusion ( #bj days 9 oy/]%ell lime-wat]1 r$uc$ to #aj gra9s4 #c4 ,i put a piece ( z1 weigh+ #ad gra9s1 9 a solution ( half an ounce ( ! int]nal "p ( ,spani% soap 9 n9e ounces ( wat]1 & e ?ird day r5ew$ ! solution1 :i* 0 kept 9 a heat ( ab\t #fj degrees4 ,aft] #ad days1 ,i f\nd ! undissolv$ "p n to exce$ #aa gra9s4 #d4 ,a piece ( a :ite *alky calculus1 y1 weigh+ #cj gra9s1 _h ne> #d gra9s ( its sub/ance dissolv$1 by be+ #ad days infus$ z above 9 a solution ( soap4 ,f ,n4 #a4 above1 comp>$ ) ,dr4 ,spr+sfeld's ,exp]4 7,b71 x appe>s1 t ! dissolv+ p[] ( oy/]%ell lime-wat] is to t ( ! ,c>lsbad wat] z #bc to #ah1 suppos+ ! calculi us$ 9 ^! exp]im5ts to h be5 equally easy to dissolve4 ,n4 #c4 comp>$ ) ,dr4 ,spr+sfeld's ,exp]4 7,a71 %ews1 t ! dissolv+ p[] ( a solution ( ! inn] "p ( ,spani% soap1 9 a heat ( #fj degrees1 is to t ( ! ,c>lsbad wat]1 9 a heat ( #if degrees1 z #ae to #ad4 ,f ,n4 #d4 comp>$ ) 7,a71 ! dissolv+ p[] ( soap is to t ( ! ,c>lsbad wat] only z #d to #f2 b x is probable1 t _h ! solution ( soap be5 kept 9 a heat ( #if degrees1 its dissolv+ p[] w\ld1 ev5 9 ?is exp]im5t1 h ne>ly equall$ t ( ! ,c>lsbad wat]4 ,x may1 p]haps1 be wor? :ile to obs]ve1 t a piece ( ! :ite *alky calculus ( ,n #d4 0 n 9 ! smalle/ degree dissolv$ by ly+ 9 lime-wat] #bj days4 #e4 ,9 ,exp]4 #ai4 ( my ,essay on ! ,virtue ( ,lime-wat]1 a piece ( a calculus1 b1 weigh+ #ca gra9s1 lo/ #g gra9s by be+ infus$ #cf h\rs1 9 a heat ( above #ajj degrees1 9 v /rong oi/]%ell lime-wat]4 ,& 9 ! same wat]1 ( a mod]ate /r5g?1 ano!r piece ( b lo/1 9 ! same "t1 #e gra9s4 ,9 ?is la/ exp]im5t1 ! li?ontriptic virtue ( lime-wat] appe>s to be /rong] ?an 9 ,n4 #a4 & #b4 above2 & greatly exce$s t ( ! ,c>lsbad wat] 9 ,dr4 ,spr+sfeld's ,exp]4 7,a7 & 7,b74 ,b al?o'1 f :at has be5 said1 x appe>s n only t lime-wat]1 b also a solution ( soap1 dissolves ! /one 9 close vessels z fa/1 nay fa/]1 ?an ! !rm ,c>ol92 yet ^! la/ wat]s1 :5 ! calculi 7 s plac$ 9 op5 vessels1 t ! wat] f ! f\nta9 might con/antly fl[ along !m1 effect$ a mu* quick] dissolution ?an lime-wat]1 or ev5 soap-lye1 or inde$ any kn[n m5/ruum1 except1 p]haps1 /rong _s ( nitre3 =1 9 ! fir/ exp]im5t made by ,dr4 ,spr+sfeld1 a calculus ( two ounces & a half 01 9 ?is mann]1 q dissolv$ 9 six days4 ,f ?is exp]im5t1 comp>$ ) t ( ,dr4 ,spr+sfeld m5tion$ above 7,b71 x w be f\nd1 ^u calculation1 t ! dissolv+ p[] ( ! ,c>lsbad wat]1 :5 x is all[$ to fl[ con/antly f ! f\nta9 along ! /one1 is ne>ly #ci times great] ?an :5 x is only p\r$ fre% on ! calculus once a day#bjb4 ,:at may h be5 ! reason ( ?is surpris+ diff]5ce ( ! li?ontriptic p[] ( ! ,c>lsbad wat] 9 ^! diff]5t circum/ances1 ,i w n pret5d to say4 ,i ?9k x c sc>cely be acc\nt$ = f ! g5tle motion ( ! wat] along ! surface ( ! calculus4 ,0 x !n ow+ to "s v volatile active "p1 :i* ! wat] quickly loses1 aft] be+ tak5 f ! f\nta98 ,b h[ great soev] ! dissolv+ p[] ( ! ,c>lsbad wat]s may be1 :5 !y issue f ! b[els ( ! e>?1 yet t !y d n communicate a mu* great] dissolv+ p[] to ! ur9e1 ?an lime-wat]1 w appe> f comp>+ ! two foll[+ exp]im5ts4 ,9 ,dr4 ,spr+sfeld's ,exp]4 7,a7 above1 ! ur9e ( a p]son1 :o drank ! ,c>lsbad wat]s1 r$uc$1 9 #ad days1 a piece ( calculus1 weigh+ #cj gra9s1 to #be gra9s4 ,& 9 an exp]im5t made by ,dr4 ,newcome1 n[ ,"l ,bi%op ( ,ll&aff1 :o drank f\r ,engli% p9ts ( oy/]%ell lime-wat] daily1 8 ,lord%ip's ur9e r$uc$1 9 f\r mon?s1 a piece ( calculus1 weigh+ #ca gra9s1 to ?ree small bits1 weigh+ 9 all #f gra9s#bjc4 ,:5ce x foll[s1 t ! dissolv+ p[] ( 8 ,lord%ip's ur9e mu/ h be5 to ! dissolv+ p[] ( ! ur9e ( ! p]son :o drank ! ,c>lsbad wat]s ne>ly z #ce to #febjd4 ,b if we consid]1 t ! calculus infus$ 9 ! ur9e ( ! p]son :o drank ! ,c>lsbad wat]s 0 kept always 9 a heat ( #if degrees1 :ile 9 ,dr4 ,newcome's exp]im5t1 :i* 0 made dur+ "p ( ! autumn & w9t]1 no artificial heat 0 us$1 x w appe> probable1 t ! dissolv+ p[] ( 8 ,lord%ip's ur9e 0 little inf]ior to t ( ! p]son :o drank ! ,c>lsbad wat]s2 = lime-wat]1 9 a heat ( #if degrees1 dissolves ! calculus at lea/ twice z fa/1 z 9 ! common heat ( ! air 9 w9t]4 ,fur!r1 if x be att5d$ to1 t ! quantity ( ,c>lsbad wat]s drank e day be=e d9n] is f six to eight lib4 :ile 8 ,lord%ip only drank f\r lib4 ( lime-wat] 9 #bd h\rs1 x w foll[1 t :atev] ! diff]5t dissolv+ p[]s ( ! lime-wat] & ,c>lsbad wat]s may be out ( ! body1 yet ! =m] seems1 9 proportion to ! quantity drank1 to communicate at lea/ an equal dissolv+ p[] to ! ur9e4 ,b )\t presum+ to decide c]ta9ly1 z to ! comp>ative virtue ( ! ,c>lsbad wat]s & lime-wat]1 ,i %all conclude ) obs]v+1 t ?o' ! ,c>lsbad wat]s are less disagreeable to ! ta/e1 & may be drank 9 l>g] quantity1 ?an lime-wat]1 yet ?is la/ may be drank equally good 9 all places1 & at all seasons ( ! ye>2 :i* is n ! case ) ! ,c>lsbad wat]s4 ,novemb] #cj4 #ageg4 ,an ,in/ance ( ! ,electrical ,virtue 9 ! ,cure ( a ,palsy4 ,by ,mr4 ,patrick ,brydone4 ,read ,dec4 #ae1 #ageg4 ,e,lizabeth ,fo/]1 ag$ #cc1 9 poor circum/ances1 unm>ri$1 ab\t #ae ye>s ago 0 seiz$ ) a viol5t n]v\s fev]1 accompani$ ) an a/hma1 & 0 s ill1 t h] life 0 despair$ (4 ,%e recov]$ h[ev] f ! viol5ce ( h] di/emp]1 b ! sad effects ( x rema9$4 ,=1 f ?is "t1 %e cont9u$ 9 a weakly unc]ta9 /ate ( heal? till ! mon? ( ,july1 #agee1 :5 %e 0 aga9 tak5 ill ( ! same k9d ( fev]2 & aft] x w5t (f %e 0 tr\bl$ ) worse n]v\s symptoms ?an ev]1 end+ at la/ 9 a p>alytic disord]1 :i* sometimes affect$ ! arm1 sometimes ! leg1 ( ! left side2 9 su* a mann] z t ^! p>ts1 ?o' depriv$ ( all motion = ! "t1 yet /ill reta9$ _! s5sibility4 ,9 ?is condition %e rema9$ till ! spr+ #agef1 :5 unexpect$ly %e grew mu* bett]2 b n s f> z to get q rid ( h] p>alytic compla9ts2 :i*1 9 cold wea!r1 seldom fail$ to manife/ !mselves by a numbness1 trembl+1 s5sation ( cold1 & a loss ( motion 9 ! left side4 ,?is p>alytic t5d5cy made h] appreh5sive ( a m viol5t attack2 :i* accord+ly soon happ5$3 =1 ab\t ! end ( ,augu/1 9 ! same ye>1 h] symptoms gradually increas$1 & 9 a v %ort "t %e lo/ all motion & s5sation 9 h] left side4 ,9 ?is /ate %e cont9u$ ?r\gh\t la/ w9t] ) ! addition ( "s new compla9ts2 = n[ h] head %ook con/antly2 h] tongue falt]$ s mu*1 :5 %e attempt$ to speak1 t %e c\ld n articulate a ^w2 h] left eye grew s dim1 t %e c\ld n di/+ui% col\rs ) x2 & %e 0 (t5 seiz$ ) su* an univ]sal coldness & ins5sibility1 t ^? :o saw h] at su* times sc>ce knew :e!r %e 0 dead or alive4 ,:il/ ! woman 0 9 ?is mis]able condition1 obs]v+ t %e _h "s int]missions1 dur+ :i* %e c\ld conv]se & use h] "r leg & arm1 9 "o ( ^? int]vals ,i propos$ try+ to relieve h] by ! p[] ( electricity4 ,) ?is view1 ,i got h] support$ 9 su* a mann] z to receive ! %ocks /&+1 hold+ ! phial 9 h] "r h&1 :il/ ! left 0 made to t\* ! gun-b>rel4 ,aft] receiv+ sev]al v sev]e %ocks1 %e f\nd h]self 9 bett] spirits ?an usual2 said %e felt a heat1 & a prickl+ pa9 9 h] left ?igh & leg1 :i* gradually spread ov] all t side2 & aft] und]go+ ! op]ation = a few m9utes long]1 %e cri$ out1 ) great joy1 t %e felt h] foot on ! gr\nd4 ,! electrical ma*9e produc+ su* extraord9>y effects1 ! action 0 cont9u$2 & t day ! woman pati5tly submitt$ to receive above #bjj %ocks f x4 ,! consequ5ce 01 t ! %ak+ ( h] head gradually decreas$1 till x intirely ceas$2 t %e 0 able at la/ to /& )\t any support2 & on leav+ ! room q =got "o ( h] crut*es1 & walk$ to ! kit*9 ) v little assi/ance f ! o!r4 ,t night %e cont9u$ to be well & slept bett] ?an %e _h done = sev]al mon?s be=e1 only ab\t midnight %e 0 seiz$ ) a fa9ti%ness1 & took notice ( a /rong sulphure\s ta/e 9 h] m\?2 b bo? fa9tness & t ta/e w5t (f1 ^u dr9k+ a little wat]4 ,next day1 be+ electris$ z be=e1 h] /r5g? s5sibly increas$ dur+ ! op]ation1 & :5 t 0 ov] %e walk$ easily ) a /ick1 & c\ld lift sev]al p\nds weight ) h] left h&1 :i* _h be5 s long p>alytic be=e4 ,! exp]im5t 0 repeat$ on ! ?ird day2 by :i* "t %e _h receiv$ 9 all upw>ds ( #fjj sev]e %ocks4 ,%e !n tell+ u t %e _h z mu* p[] 9 ! side t _h be5 affect$ z 9 ! o!r1 we believ$ x unnecess>y to proce$ f>!r z ! electricity _h already1 to all appe>ance produc$ a compleat cure4 ,& inde$ ! pati5t cont9u$ to be well till ! ,sunday foll[+1 viz4 ab\t ?ree days aft] ! la/ op]ation2 b ^u go+ t day to *ur*1 %e probably cat*$ cold2 = on ,monday %e compla9$ ( a numbness 9 h] left h& & foot2 b1 ^u be+ aga9 electris$1 e symptom vani%$1 & %e has be5 p]fectly well ev] s9ce4 ,cold+ham1 ,nov4 #ageg4 ,patrick ,brydone4 ,t ! above is a true & exact acc\nt ( my case1 & ( ! late wond]ful cure wr\ght on me1 is atte/$ by ,elizabe? ,fo/]4 ,i 0 eye witness to ! electrical exp]im5ts made by my son on ,elizabe? ,fo/]1 & saw ) pleasure _! happy effects4 ,by ! bless+ ( ,god accompany+ !m1 f a weak1 mis]able1 & at sometimes almo/ an ins5sible /ate1 %e 01 9 a v %ort "t1 re/or$ to heal? & /r5g?2 ( :i* ! above is 9 e respect a true acc\nt4 ,rob]t ,brydone1 ,m9i/] ( ,cold+ham4 ,extract ( a ,lett] f ,dr4 ,:ytt to ,dr4 ,pr+le1 relat+ to ?is ,acc\nt3 ,dat$ ,ed9burgh1 #a ,dec4 #ageg4 ,,"s days ago ,i _h transmitt$ to me ,mr4 ,brydone's acc\nt 7inclos$7 ( ! success ( ! electrical %ocks 9 a p>alytic pati5t1 atte/$ by ! pati5t h]self1 & by ,mr4 ,brydone's fa!r1 :o is m9i/] at ,cold+ham1 9 ! %ire ( ,b]wick4 ,at ! same "t ,i _h a lett] f ! ,rev]5d ,mr4 ,allan1 ,m9i/] ( ,eym\? 79 ! neighb\rhood71 in=m+ me1 t he _h exam9$ ! pati5t p>ticul>ly1 & f\nd ,mr4 ,brydone's acc\nt to be p]fectly true4 ,he fur!r in=ms me1 t he nev] obs]v$ ! electrical %ock s /rong f any ma*9e1 z f ,mr4 ,brydone's4 ,x seems1 t g5tleman has n only appli$ himself to ! /udy ( natural philosophy1 b also ( m$ic9e4 ,rob]t ,:ytt4 ,,li4 ,an ,acc\nt ( "s fossile ,fruits1 & o!r ,bodies1 f\nd 9 ! ,isl& ( ,%epey4 ,by ,james ,p>sons1 ,m4,d4 ,f4,r4,s4 ,to ! ,"r ,hon\rable ! ,,e>l ( ,,macclesfield1 ,presid5t ( ! ,royal ,society4 ,read ,dec4 #ae1 #ageg4 ,sept4 #be1 #ageg4 ,my ,"l1 ,,be+ ev] desir\s to promote ! bus9ess ( ?is le>n$ ,society1 ,i c\ld n lose ! opportunity t pres5t$1 ( lay+ be=e y an acc\nt1 & draw+s 7,see ,,tab4 ,,xv4 ,,xvi471 ( a mo/ curi\s p>cel ( fossil fruits1 & "s o!r bodies1 s5t me f ,%epey-,isl&1 by my +5i\s fri5d ,mr4 ,jacob1 ( ,fav]%am1 ,surgeon1 & ,fell[ ( ! ,antiqu>y ,society4 ,i d n rememb]1 t fossil se$s1 or fruits1 are record$ 9 our ,transactions1 ?o' _m ( o!r k9ds h places 9 !m2 nor inde$ t ! memoirs ( o!r academies h made m5tion ( any su* fruits2 & !re=e1 z ^! are *iefly pyritical1 & consequ5tly liable to fall to pieces1 ,i ?\ght x necess>y to make draw+s ( !m :ile 9 a s\nd /ate1 9 ord] = engrav+1 if ! ,society %all ?9k fit2 le/ _! be+ s subject to m\ld] away might put x out ( my p[] to pres]ve _! =ms4 ,h[ev]1 ,i h great hopes ,i %all be able to pres]ve ! great] "p ( !m intire till !y are %ew$ to ! ,society4 ,9 describ+ ^! bodies1 we %all be oblig$ to make ! be/ conjectures we c ( "s ( !m only2 = sev]al are suffici5tly obvi\s to e naturali/1 & easily kn[n by comp>+ !m to su* rec5t fruits1 z are frequ5t en\gh among u4 ,"s ( !m are absolutely exotics2 & inde$ !y are all r>e & curi\s1 &1 9 my humble op9ion1 well wor? ! notice ( ! ,royal ,society4 ,doctor ,woodw>d's catalogue#bje1 :i* is s ample & full ( all k9ds ( fossil bodies1 has only a v few fruits2 & ^! are only "s hazle nuts f\nd 9 diff]5t places1 a few p9e-cones1 & l>yxes2 & "o fruit1 :i* 0 tak5 = an unripe nutmeg4 ,9 ?is collection be=e u !y are all v diff]5t1 & su* z h n be5 se5 be=e4 ,x w n be amiss1 9 ?is place1 to give a %ort detail ( su* bodies z are capable ( ei!r be+ petrifi$ !mselves1 or ( leav+ _! impressions 9 /ony matt]4 ,by be+ petrifi$1 is meant be+ impregnat$ ) /ony1 pyritical1 or any o!r metall9e or sp>ry matt]2 = !re are inum]able specim5s1 :]e9 all ^! are app>5t4 ,,te/ace\s & ,,cru/ace\s ,,animals4 ,! %elly matt] ( ^! is ( s compact & dry a nature1 t !y w endure = ages3 & if 9 a soil or b$ :]e moi/ure has access1 !y w receive /ony matt] into _! pores1 & become pond]\s 9 proportion to ! quantity imbib$4 ,if 9 a dry place1 !y w rema9 fair & %>p1 suff]+ v little *ange by any l5g? ( "t2 :il/ ! fle% ( ^!1 be+ subject to putrifaction1 is soon de/roy$2 & yet1 accord+ to circum/ances t happ51 "s ( ^! may be replac$ 9 due =m by /ony p>ticles4 ,i h a gryphites1 ) ! =m ( ! fi% 9 its place1 z is ! case 9 sev]al ( ! oy/] k9ds4 ,?is may be occasion$ by ! %ells be+ close1 or ne>ly s1 & /ony matt] gradually ins9uat+ into _! cavity1 s z to fill up ! :ole4 ,,wood4 ,! k9ds ( wood f\nd fossil are v diff]5t3 "s are ( a firm] texture ?an o!rs3 & ?is too is accord+ to ! places :]e9 !y are deposit$4 ,"s ,i h se5 s highly impregnat$ ) a f9e /ony & pyritical matt]1 z to be> a poli% l a pebble2 "s1 ?o' q r$uc$ to /one1 yet pres]v+ ! fibr\s appe>ance ( ! orig9al /ate2 & "s :i* is f\nd 9 boggy bottoms1 be+ n at all *ang$1 except 9 color3 ?is is call$ bog oak1 or bog deal1 well kn[n to c\ntry p 9 _m places ( ^! ?ree k+doms1 :o light !mselves ab\t _! bus9ess ) slips ( ?is wood1 cut on purpose in/ead ( c&les1 z x burns ) a cle> & durable flame4 ,x is rem>kable1 t al?o' oak or fir %all lie ages imm]s$ 9 wat] "u gr\nd1 x %all n putrify2 b acquire su* sulphure\s p>ticles by ly+ 9 /eep1 9 ! bog-wat]1 z to qualify x = ?is use4 ,o!r wood1 deposit$ 9 m>ly gr\nd1 is f\nd incru/$ ov]1 trunk & bran*es1 ) a :ite cru/2 ! wood rema9+ intire )94 ,at o!r times1 wood ?us incru/$ %all be erod$ by ! matt] :i* cov]s x1 hav+ some?+ acrimoni\s 9 its sub/ance4 ,we may add to ^!1 clu/]s ( ! twigs ( %rubs1 & small wood1 :i* we f9d flakes (1 incru/$ ) sp>ry or calc>i\s matt]1 9 _m places2 p>ts ( :i* are totally *ang$ into t matt]1 :il/ o!rs are only invelop$ ) x4 ,,bones ( ,,animals4 ,we see1 by e day's exp]i5ce1 t ! human skeleton m\ld]s to du/ 9 a v few ye>s1 :5 buri$ 9 m\ld3 s x does ev5 9 vaults1 :]e ! c(f9s are kept dry4 ,9 ! fir/ case1 ! moi/ure & salts ( ! e>? divide & dissolve ! texture ( ! bones2 9 ! latt]1 ^? ( ! air1 :i* gradually ins9uate !mselves into !m1 & at l5g? de/roy !m4 ,h[ long a skeleton ^: bones are well dri$ & prep>$1 be+ totally depriv$ ( its m$ull>y sub/ance1 w la/1 z we n[ ord] !m = anatomical purposes1 we _c say3 b x may be reasonably conjectur$1 t !y w und]go ! fate ( ! s(t] k9ds ( wood1 su* z bee*1 :i* gr[s rott5 9 no great numb] ( ye>s2 because _! int]nal sub/ance is spungy & cellul>1 & _! cru/ is v ?91 except ab\t ! middle ( ! bones ( ! arm & ?igh1 ,i mean ! hum]us & fmur4 ,! same de/ruction w\ld happ51 if bodies 7 deposit$ 9 a s&y soil2 because wat] f9ds its way ei!r by dripp+ d[nw>ds1 or by spr+s und]nea?4 ,b human skeletons h be5 f\nd intire )9 a rock1 :]e nei!r moi/ure nor air c\ld get at !m4 ,mr4 ,m9ors1 an em95t ,surgeon & ,anatomi/ ( ! ,middlesex-hospital1 :5 he 0 9 ! ,army1 at ,gibralt>1 saw an intire skeleton1 /&+ upright1 9 a dry rock1 "p ( :i* _h be5 bl[n up ) gunp[d]1 9 c>ry+ on "s works 9 ! =tifications1 :i* left ! skeleton q expos$4 ,inde$1 ! bones ( ,elephants h be5 f\nd 9 ,%epey-,isl&1 b mu* de/roy$1 sev]al ( :i* ,i h 9 my ,collection2 an acc\nt ( :i* we h 9 ! la/ volume b "o#bjf ( our ,transactions2 _! size & sub/ance be+ s consid]able1 z to resi/ = a long "t t decay :i* ^? ( ! human c\ld n )/&4 ,to ^! we may add ! horns ( l>ge animals1 z ! elk1 & o!rs1 :i* h be5 f\nd 9 bogs1 pres]v$ z ! bog-oak1 c4 m5tion$4 ,,tee? & ,,palates ( ,,fi%es & o!r ,animals4 ,^! are ( s h>d & firm a texture1 z to suff] no great *ange1 :]esoev] f\nd2 = we see1 t no erosion appe>s 9 !m1 _! enamel & its poli% be+ intirely pres]v$2 yet sometimes _! roots w be f\nd *ang$1 especially 9 ! yell[ ones1 hav+ no enamel to gu>d !m 9 _! roots4 ,p>ts ( ,,vegetables4 ,! leaves ( plants1 ^: fibres are firm & dry1 w endure = a long "t2 b ^? ( a succul5t nature nev] c1 z !y putrify v soon4 ,we see ! leaves ( f]ns ( sev]al k9ds1 polypodium1 tricomanes1 & o!r capill>y plants1 ) nodules ( /one =m$ ab\t !m2 flags1 re$s1 ru%es1 equisetum1 & _m su*1 ( a firm texture1 are f\nd 9 slate & /one2 & ev5 ! iuli ( trees are said to h be5 f\nd fossil z well z _! leaves4 ,,se$s & ,,fruits4 ,all se$s & ! /ones ( fruits1 hav+ a firm texture1 are also capable ( be+ /rongly impregnat$ ) /ony & pyritical matt]2 & ,i make no d\bt b t ! small] se$s1 if c>efully look$ =1 might be f\nd fossil1 z well z ^! be=e y2 su*1 ,i mean1 z h a firmness 9 ! cov]+2 b be+ small1 & mixt ) ! dirt1 s&1 & ! l1 probably is ! reason ( _! be+ ov]look$4 ,fruits ( v>i\s k9ds are f\nd petrifi$2 b ?is is only 9 _! gre5 /ate1 :5 !y are h>d en\gh to endure till !y are impregnat$ ) /ony or m9]al p>ticles4 ,! rudim5ts ( fruits1 :5 once well =m$1 & a little advanc$1 are firm & acid3 & ! m remote !y are f maturity1 ! m secure f putrifaction2 & _! acid juice is no small help to _! pres]vation f gr[+ soon rott54 ,b inde$1 :5 ! fruit advances 9 gr[?1 ! texture gr[s gradually m lax2 ! acid juices are n[ beg9n+ to be replac$ by sac*>9e or o!rs m s(t2 ! fibres are driv5 f>!r asund]1 & !y n[ arrive at _! mo/ ripe /ate3 & ! utmo/ maturity ( fruits is ! next /ep to putrifaction4 ,h5ce !y are de/roy$ be=e /ony or o!r p>ticles c h "t en\gh to impregnate !m3 & ?is is exactly ! case ) ! fle% ( animals ( e k9d4 ,! husks & h>d calyces ( fruits1 z well z _! /ones1 are also susceptible ( petrifaction4 ,if ^! fruits1 :i* ,i h ! hon\r to lay be=e y1 are ant$iluvian1 "o w\ld be apt to imag9e !y1 9 "s measure1 po9t out1 ) ,dr4 ,woodw>d1 ! "t ( ye> 9 :i* ! deluge began2 :i* he ?9ks 0 9 ,may3 & yet ?is v op9ion is liable to "s objections2 because al?o' fruits capable ( be+ petrifi$1 f _! gre5 /ate1 may be pretty well =m$ 9 ,may "h1 z well z 9 ! same latitude else:]e1 9 fav\r ( ?is op9ion2 yet !re are ! /ones ( fruits1 f\nd fossil1 s p]fect1 z to make "o imag9e !y 7 v ripe1 :5 deposit$ 9 ! places :]e !y are discov]$2 :i* w\ld induce "o to ?9k ! deluge happ5$ ne>] ,autumn1 unless we c\ld ?9k !m ! productions ( m s\!rn latitudes1 :]e p]haps _! fruits are br\ght to p]fection be=e ours are well =m$4 ,:at foll[s is a catalogue ( ^! fossil fruits c4 be=e y3 & ,i %\ld be glad1 if any ( ! g5tlem5 w\ld take ! tr\ble ( exam9+ !m1 9 ord] to assi/ 9 our conjectures ab\t su* ( !m1 z appe> d\btful3 b fir/ beg leave to ins]t ! foll[+ rem>k3 ,i _c omit an obs]vation ( ,doctor ,mason1 ,woodw>dian pr(essor1 9 ?is place2 :i* is well wor? notice1 & inde$ :i* ,i nev] att5d$ to4 ,x reg>ds ! impressions ( fi%es ^u slate4 ,n[ !re are sev]al k9ds ( slate1 :i* h su* impressions ^u !m3 9 "s !re rema9s only ! b>e impression1 )\t any "p ( ! fi%2 9 o!rs ! scales only1 b reta9+ ! intire =m ( ! animal2 & 9 o!rs no "p adh]es to ! slate1 b ! skeleton1 or "p ( x1 mo/ commonly ! sp9e4 ,he says t he always obs]v$1 t ! bones are nev] se5 b ^u ! grey or blue slate1 or _! impressions2 & t ! scales or sk9 are to be f\nd only ^u ! black /one or slate2 :i* makes him conjecture1 t some?+ erosive 9 ! grey slate de/roys e "p b ! bony sy/em2 b t ! black1 be+ ( a m s(t & unctu\s nature1 pres]ves ! scales1 & (t5 ! v sk94 ,?is1 h[ev]1 mu/ be ref]r$ to fur!r obs]vation4 ,illu/ration3 ,philos4 ,trans4 ,vol4 ,l4 ,,tab4 ,,xv4 p4 #djc4 ,,ip ,,md4 del94 ,j4 ,mynde sc4 ,,tab4 ,,xv4 ,fig4 #a1 #c4 ,^! two bodies seem to be figs1 petrifi$ :5 h>d & gre52 be+1 z ,i h j obs]v$1 !n capable ( receiv+ ! pyritical p>ticles1 ) :i* !y are manife/ly impregnat$4 ,"o is m p]fect 9 its =m ?an ! o!r2 & !y are n[ %oot+ _! salts1 & w soon fall to pieces4 ,fig4 #b4 appe>s to be a ,myrobalan1 di/+ui%$ f ! o!r species ( t "n by its r\nd figure2 & is call$ ! bell]ic ,myrobalan4 ,x is ne>ly de/roy$ by ! pyritical matt]1 & w n long rema9 :ole4 ,fig4 #d4 seems to be a species ( ,phaseolus1 "o ( ^? especially di/+ui%$ by ! fruits4 ,fructibus spl5d5tibus nigris4 ,fig4 #e4 ,ano!r ,phaseolus4 ,fig4 #g4 ,ano!r4 ,see ,fig4 #d4 ,fig4 #h4 ,sem5 ,cucurbit1 a l>ge species ( ,am]ican g\rd4 ,fig4 #i4 ,c(fee-b]ries4 ,fig4 #aj1 #aa4 ,two species ( ,beans1 v app>5t4 ,fig4 #ab4 ,unkn[n4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 appe>s to be a fruit1 ) ! calyx runn+ up1 & embrac+ x1 9 its h>d gre5 /ate2 be+ some:at compress$ on ! upp] "p1 z x lay conf9$ 9 ! e>?4 ,fig4 #ac4 ,an ,/aphilod5dri species8 ,! le>n$ & rev]5d ,dr4 ,hales gave me1 "s ye>s ago1 a h&ful ( ! rec5t fruits1 "o or two ( :i* are s5t ) ?is fossil "o1 = y\r consid]ation4 ,he _h !m f ,b5gal1 & call$ !m1 9 ! ,indian "n1 ,ne]melis2 & said ! natives us$ !m to f9e d[n liquors4 ,fig4 #ad4 ,a compress$ pod ( ! ,ara*idna1 or ,und]gr\nd-,pea4 ,! full-gr[n pods are mu* l>g]1 b ( v>i\s sizes1 z are o!r k9ds4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 seems to h be51 :5 deposit$ :]e x 0 f\nd1 n s f> advanc$4 ,x has ! reticulat$ surface1 ! apex on "o side1 & e o!r "* ( t fruit or se$-pod1 b some:at compress$4 ,fig4 #ae4 is evid5tly an ,acorn4 ,we h ( ?is species "h1 & 9 ,am]ica also4 ,fig4 #af4 ,an exotic fruit1 l a small melon2 b unc]ta94 ,x is some:at de=m$ by compression4 ,fig4 #ag4 ,?is ,i took at fir/ = a fruit2 b n[ ,i r believe x a ,fungoides ( a v pretty k9d4 ,fig4 #ah4 ,an ,anguria8 ,i take x = a se$ ( a species ( wat]-melon4 ,fig4 #ai4 seems a small plumb-/one4 ,fig4 #bj4 ,unkn[n4 ,! calyx seems to run up & embrace ?is fruit t[>ds ! apex4 ,fig4 #ba4 ,unkn[n4 ,?is resembles an ,am]ican se$1 :i* ,i h 9 my collection1 b d n "k its "n4 ,its apex is incl9+ to "o side2 & x appe>s to h _h a /rong p$icle4 ,fig4 #bb4 ,an ,la*ryma ,jobi8 ,fig4 #bc4 ,a ,*]ry-/one4 ,illu/ration3 ,philos4 ,trans4 ,vol4 ,l4 ,,tab4 ,,xvi4 p4 #djf4 ,,ip ,,md4 del94 ,j4 ,mynde sc4 ,,tab4 ,,xvi4 ,fig4 #a4 ,an ,euonymi species8 ,if ?is be an ,euonymus1 x is n s f> advanc$ z to =m ! se$s3 & is !re=e to be consid]$ only 9 its progress f ! fl[] t[>ds se$+3 :i* is ! case 9 sev]al ( ^!1 ^: calyces appe> /ill ^u !m1 & h9d] u f absolutely det]m9+ :at !y are4 ,fig4 #b4 ,a b]ry ( ! ,sap9dus1 or ,soap-tree1 ( ,am]ica1 be+ n at all de=m$1 only hav+ a little lump ( pyrites ^u x3 b !re is ano!r q free4 ,fig4 #c4 ,hur ,g]m54 ,?is is und\bt$ly ! "y ,s&-box1 or fruit ( ! ,hura1 s well kn[n = its beautiful =m to ! curi\s1 :o collect specim5s ( natural hi/ory2 & seems to %ew ! "t ( ! deluge4 ,fig4 #d4 ,?is1 ,i ?9k1 is c]ta9ly ! /one ( an ea/]n ,mango2 su* z comes ov] to u pickl$1 &1 ! /one be+ op5$ on "o side1 is g5]ally /uff$ ) spices4 ,fig4 #e4 ,euonymi latifolii species4 ,?is is a l>ge species ( ,euonymus1 p]haps ( ,clusius4 ,fig4 #f4 ,?is body seems to be a ,millep$1 or ,wood-l\se4 ,x is turn$ r\nd1 ! two extremities meet+2 :i* is ! attitude assum$ by ^! animals1 ^u be+ 9 any-wise ob/ruct$ 9 _! passage1 or h&l$4 ,fig4 #g4 ,a small long ,bean1 l our horse-bean2 b long] ?an any we h 9 ,engl&4 ,fig4 #h4 ,unkn[n to me4 ,fig4 #i4 ,a species ( ,horse-*esnut f ,am]ica4 ,fig4 #aj4 ,! ext]nal husk ( ! fruit ( ! ,sap9dus1 or ,soap-tree4 ,fig4 #aa4 ,i _c det]m9e :e!r ?is be an ,olive1 or ! yell[ ,myrobalan2 b believe x ! ,myrobalan4 ,fig4 #ab4 ,a ,palm species8 ,x seems a small ,palma-coco4 ,fig4 #ac1 #ad4 unkn[n1 z well z fig4 #ae4 ,fig4 #af4 ,unkn[n4 ,! reason ( ! f\r la/ be+ n to be di/+ui%$ is1 t !y seem to be ! buds ( _! sev]al species1 be=e !y 7 p]fectly =m$4 ,s t :ile "s ( ! ant$iluvian productions are mature1 o!rs appe> to be premature2 & consequ5tly "o w\ld be incl9$ to ?9k !m ! inhabitants ( places ( diff]5t latitudes4 ,fig4 #ag4 ,a species ( =eign ,walnut1 injur$ & compress$4 ,fig4 #ah4 ,a ,plumb-/one4 ,fig4 #ai4 ,! claw ( an ,am]ican ,crab2 :i*1 be+ on ! opposite side ( ! mass conta9+ ! body1 c\ld n come 9 view ) x at ! same "t4 ,fig4 #bj4 ,! body ( ! crab1 ) o!r p>ts1 appe>+ ?ro' ! /ony matt] t invelopes x1 :i* appe>s to be an induration ( yell[ clay4 ,fig4 #ba4 seems a long ,am]ican ,phaseolus4 ,"p ( ! petrifi$ husk is ^u x4 ,fig4 #bb4 ,an ,am]ican ,e*9ite ( ! flat k9d1 mu* resembl+ t species :i* ,rumphius calls ,e*9us sulcatus primus4 ,fig4 #bc4 ,ari/a cujusdam ,gram9is4 ,?is body has all ! *>act]i/ics ( an e> ( corn1 or "s species ( grass1 ( :i* !re are _m4 ,?is has be5 tak5 = a sp9e ( an ,e*9us3 b1 z we are to consid] its ne>e/ resemblance to :atsoev] body1 we mu/ conclude x z we h said4 ,i nev] saw any sp9e 9 ! lea/ l x2 b an e> ( corn1 ripe & dry1 is z susceptible ( be+ petrifi$1 z a cru/ace\s animal1 9 e respect4 ,inde$ ! spicul ( ! e>1 ea* aris+ f ! gra91 be+ v sl5d]1 are ( c\rse de/roy$ dur+ ! petrifaction2 b ! =m ( ! e> is actually pres]v$1 z mu* z ! nature & circum/ances ( ! ?+ w all[4 ,fig4 a4 ,a manife/ species ( ,p$iculus ,m>9us crump$ up4 b4 ,a ,se$-vessel1 giv5 me by ,mr4 ,da ,co/a1 f\nd 9 a clay-pit 9 ,/af=d%ire4 c4 ,cocculus ,indicus4 ,,lii4 ,obs]vations ^u ! ,comet t appe>$ 9 ! ,mon?s ( ,septemb] & ,octob] #ageg1 made at ! ,royal ,obs]vatory by ,ja4 ,bradley1 ,d4,d4 ,a/ronom] ,royal1 ,f4,r4,s4 & ,memb] ( ! ,royal ,academy ( ,sci5ces at ,p>is4 ,read ,dec4 #bb1 #ageg4 ,i ,def]r$ to give an acc\nt ( my obs]vations ^u ! ,comet t ha? lately appe>$1 till ,i c\ld settle ! places ( ! />s ) :i* x _h be5 comp>$2 sev]al ( !m n be+ ins]t$ 9 ! ,briti% catalogue1 & ^? :i* are1 requir+ "s small corrections1 :i* ,i h s9ce made f my own obs]vations4 ,:5 ,i fir/ discov]$ ?is ,comet1 x appe>$ to ! nak$ eye l a dull /> ( ! #e? or #f? magnitude2 b view+ x ?ro' a sev5-foot ,telescope1 ,i c\ld p]ceive a small ,nucleus 7surr\nd$1 z usual1 ) a nebul\s atmosph]e71 & a %ort tail ext5d$ 9 a direction opposite to ! sun4 ,"s small />s !n appe>+ 9 ! field ( ! telescope ) ! ,comet1 ,i measur$ its di/ance f !m ) a ,micromet]2 & on ,septemb] #ab at #af #b' mean "t1 ,i f\nd x to be #a #ac' #e di/ant f a small />1 ^: "r asc5sion 0 aft]w>ds f\nd to be #hi #di' #dj & decl9ation #cf #aa' #cj nor?3 & ne> ! same "t ! ,comet 0 obs]v$ to be #dc' #aj f ano!r />1 ^: "r asc5sion 0 #ij #bj' #j & decl9ation #ce #ab' #j nor?4 ,h5ce ,i collect$1 t ! ,comet's "r asc5sion 0 #hi #bi' #aj8 & its decl9ation #ce #j' #bj nor?4 ,septemb] #ac #ab #cg' mean "t 7:i* is likewise made use ( 9 ! foll[+ obs]vations71 ! ,comet _h ! same "r asc5sion ) a small />1 ^: "r asc5sion 0 #ic #e' #cj & decl9ation #cd #cf' #dj nor?2 & x 0 ab\t two m9utes m nor!rly ?an ! />4 ,h5ce ! ,comet's "r asc5sion 0 #ic #e' #cj & its decl9ation #cd #ch' #dj nor?4 ,septemb] #ad #ad #j' ! ,comet prec$$ ,gem9orum #a #ca' #ce8 9 "r asc5sion1 & 0 #aa' #ce m s\!rly4 ,! app>5t "r asc5sion ( ,gem9orum 0 !n #ii #aa' #dj8 & its decl9ation #cd #ac' #be nor?4 ,h5ce ! "r asc5sion ( ! ,comet 0 #ig #dj' #e & its decl9ation #cd #a' #ej nor?4 ,sept4 #ag #ac #j' a small /> 7^: "r asc5sion 0 #aji #ee' #bj8 & decl9ation #ca #bg' #dj7 prec$$ ! ,comet #dg' #aj 9 "r asc5sion1 & 0 #ab' #cj m nor!rly4 ,h5ce ! ,comet's "r asc5sion 0 #aaj #db' #dj & its decl9ation #ca #ae' #aj nor?4 ,sept4 #ai #ae #ag' a /> 7^: "r asc5sion 0 #aah #bi' #dj & decl9ation #bh #i' #de7 prec$$ ! ,comet #a #ad' #j 9 "r asc5sion1 & 0 m s\!rly #ae' #de84 ,h5ce ! ,comet's "r asc5sion 0 #aai #dc' #dj & decl9ation #bh #be' #cj nor?4 ,sept4 #bc #ae #eg' a /> 7^: "r asc5sion 0 #acd #ee' #de & decl9ation #bb #ae' #ee nor?7 prec$$ ! ,comet #ab' #cj 9 "r asc5sion1 & 0 #bi' #j m nor!rly4 ,h5ce ! ,comet's "r asc5sion 0 #ace #h' #ae & its decl9ation #ba #df' #ee nor?4 ,sept4 #bd #ae #ba' ! ,comet _h ! same decl9ation ) a small /> t prec$$ x #aj' #ae8 9 "r asc5sion4 ,?is />'s "r asc5sion 0 aft]w>ds f\nd to be #ach #ac' #de & its decl9ation #bj #e' #bj4 ,h5ce ! ,comet's "r asc5sion 0 #ach #bd' #j & its decl9ation #bj #e' #bj nor?4 ,sept4 #bh #af #bb' ! ,comet foll[$ ,regulus #a #g' #ab 9 "r asc5sion1 & 0 #ad' #de m nor!rly4 ,! "r asc5sion ( ,regulus be+ !n #adh #ea' #ac & its decl9ation #ac #h' #ce nor?2 ! ,comet's "r asc5sion 0 #adi #eh' #be & its decl9ation #ac #bc' #bj nor?4 ,sept4 #cj #af #bd' ,leonis 7^: "r asc5sion 0 #aee #j' #aj & decl9ation #aj #cb' #ec nor?7 foll[$ ! ,comet #ah' #de 9 "r asc5sion1 & 0 #g' #ec m nor!rly4 ,h5ce ! ,comet's "r asc5sion 0 #aed #da' #be & its decl9ation #aj #be' #j nor?4 ,octob] #b #af #dh' ! #cg? /> ,sextantis4 ,hevel4 9 ! ,briti% ,catalogue 7^: "r asc5sion 0 #aeh #ba' #be & decl9ation #g #ch' #dj nor?7 prec$$ ! ,comet #cb' #ej 9 "r asc5sion1 & 0 #c' #bj m s\!rly4 ,h5ce ! ,comet's "r asc5sion 0 #aeh #ed' #ae & its decl9ation #g #db' #j nor?4 ,octob] #c #af #de' c ,leonis 7^: "r asc5sion 0 #afb #b' #ae' & decl9ation #g #bd' #j nor?7 foll[$ ! ,comet #a #ab' #ee 9 "r asc5sion1 & 0 #ef' #dj m nor!rly4 ,h5ce ! ,comet's "r asc5sion 0 #afj #di' #bj & its decl9ation #f #bg' #bj nor?4 ,octob] #d #ag #j' d ,leonis 7^: "r asc5sion 0 #afb #j' #ae & decl9ation #d #ed' #eg nor?7 prec$$ ! ,comet #dj' #ae0 9 "r asc5sion1 & 0 m s\!rly #bj' #ec4 ,h5ce ! ,comet's "r asc5sion 0 #afb #dj' #cj & its decl9ation #e #ae' #ej nor?4 ,octob] #g #af #ed' ! #gi? ,leonis 9 ! ,briti% ,catalogue 7^: "r asc5sion 0 #afg #ec' #cg & decl9ation #b #dd' #ae nor?7 foll[$ ! ,comet #ac' #j 9 "r asc5sion1 & 0 m nor!rly #ch' #ce4 ,h5ce ! ,comet's "r asc5sion 0 #afg #dj' #cg & its decl9ation #b #e' #dj nor?4 ,octob] #h #af #ec' ! ,comet prec$$ v ,leonis #a #ec' #cj 9 "r asc5sion1 & 0 #cg' #bj m nor!rly4 ,! "r asc5sion ( ?is /> 0 #aga #g' #de & its decl9ation #j #cj' #ee nor?2 !re=e ! ,comet's "r asc5sion 0 #afi #ad' #ae & its decl9ation #a #h' #ae nor?4 ,octob] #aa #af #eb' ! ,comet foll[$ v ,leonis #b #cc' #cj 9 "r asc5sion1 & appe>$ #a #ee' #e m s\!rly2 b x be+ ne> ! horizon1 ! diff]5ce ( "r asc5sion mu/ h be5 contract$ by refraction ab\t #a' #e1 & ! diff]5ce ( decl9ation ab\t #a' #cj3 s t ! correct$ "r asc5sion ( ! ,comet 0 #agc #db' #bj & its decl9ation #a #be' #dj s\?4 ,imm$iately aft] ?is obs]vation a fog arose1 :i* prev5t$ me f repeat+ x2 & sev]al morn+s foll[+ prov+ hazy or cl\dy1 ,i c\ld n see ! ,comet aga9 till ,octob] #ah?1 ab\t an h\r & a qu>t] be=e sun-ris+2 :5 ! twilight be+ /rong1 & ! ,comet l[1 x appe>$ v fa9t4 ,h[ev]1 ,i 0 unwill+ to omit ! opportunity ( det]m9+ its place1 z ne> z ,i c\ld1 by a s+le obs]vation1 9 ! foll[+ mann]4 ,at #f #ei' #ed sid]eal "t1 ,i obs]v$ ! passage ( ! ,comet ov] ! p]p5dicul> wire ( my equatorial ,sector2 !n leav+ ! in/rum5t 9 ! same position till ! next ev5+1 ,i obs]v$1 t at #bb #h' #ae sid]eal "t1 ! #ag? /> ( ,eridanus 9 ! ,briti% ,catalogue pass$ ov] ! same wire 7or hor>y circle7 #i' #cj m s\!rly ?an ! ,comet4 ,& at #bc #de' #cf sid]eal "t ! /> m>k$ b 9 ,eridanus pass$1 #ai' #ee m nor!rly ?an ! ,comet4 ,i f\nd t ! situation ( my in/rum5t 0 n s5sibly alt]$ betwe5 ! #ah? & #ai? ( ,octob]2 = ! transits & ! diff]5ce ( decl9ation ( ! same />s be+ obs]v$ ) x aga9 on ! #ai? ( ,octob]1 !y agre$ v well ) ^? t 7 tak5 ! prec$+ night4 ,x may !re=e be suppos$1 t ! position ( ! in/rum5t cont9u$ ! same likewise dur+ ! "t ( ! =ego+ obs]vations4 ,! "r asc5sion ( ! #ag? /> ( ,eridanus be+ #di #ci' #aj & its decl9ation #e #ee' #be s\?2 & ! "r asc5sion ( b ( ,eridanus be+ #gc #ei' #ae & its decl9ation #e #be' #aj s\?2 ,i collect$1 t :5 ! ,comet pass$ ! wire 7or hor>y circle7 :i* 0 ,octob] #ag #ag #ab' mean "t1 its "r asc5sion 0 #ahb #cd' #j & its decl9ation #e #de' #ce s\?4 ,! la/ "t t ,i saw ! ,comet 0 on ! #ai? ( ,octob] 9 ! morn+2 b x !n appe>$ s fa9t1 t ,i c\ld n obs]ve its place4 ,its elongation f ! sun 0 !n b ab\t #bj degrees2 & f t day to ! pres5t x ha? always be5 less2 :i* is ! pr9cipal reason :y x 0 invisible to u at ! "t :5 x 0 9 its p]ihelion1 & ha? rema9$ s ev] s9ce4 ,! elongation w inde$ soon become great]1 & yet x is probable t we %all n be able to see ! ,comet aga92 because its real di/ance f ! sun w be great] ?an x 0 :5 ,i fir/ saw x1 & x w be also f\r times fur!r f u ?an x 0 at t "t4 ,! ,comet kept ne>ly at ! same di/ance f ! e>? = t5 or twelve days toge!r aft] ,i fir/ saw x2 b its brightness gradually increas$ !n1 because x 0 go+ ne>] to ! sun4 ,aft]w>ds1 :5 its di/ance f ! e>? increas$1 al?o' x cont9u$ to approa* ! sun1 yet its lu/re nev] mu* exce$$ t ( />s ( ! second magnitude1 & ! tail 0 sc>ce to be disc]n$ by ! nak$ eye4 ,all ! =em5tion$ obs]vations 7 made ) a ,micromet] 9 a sev5-foot ,tube1 except+ ^? ( ! #c;d1 #aa?1 & #ag? days ( ,octob]1 :i* 7 tak5 ) a curi\s ,sector con/ruct$ = su* purposes by ! late +5i\s ,mr4 ,george ,graham2 ( :i* ,dr4 ,smi? has giv5 a v exact description 9 8 ?ird book ( ,optics4 ,suppos+ ! ,trajectory ( ?is ,comet to be p>abolic1 ,i collect$ f ! =ego+ obs]vations1 t its motion r\nd ! sun is direct1 & t x 0 9 its p]ihelion ,octob] ! #ba/1 at #g #ee' mean 7or equat$7 "t at ,gre5wi*4 ,t ! incl9ation ( ! plane ( its ,trajectory to ! ecliptic is #ab #ej' #bj2 ! place ( ! desc5d+ ,node #d #ab' #ej2 ! place ( ! ,p]ihelion #b #eh' #j2 ! di/ance ( ! ,p]ihelion f ! desc5d+ ,node #hh #de' #aj2 ! ,log>i?m ( ! ,p]ihelion di/ance #i4ebhcbh2 ! ,log>i?m ( ! diurnal motion #j4ffgfcf4 ,f ^! ,elem5ts 7:i* are adapt$ to ,dr4 ,halley's g5]al ,table = ! ,motion ( ,comets 9 p>abolic ,orbits71 ,i comput$ ! places ( ?is ,comet = ! respective times ( ! =ego+ obs]vations1 z 9 ! foll[+ table2 :i* conta9s likewise ! longitudes & latitudes d$uc$ f ! obs]v$ "r asc5sions & decl9ations1 & also ! diff]5ces betwe5 ! comput$ & obs]v$ places4 ,^! diff]5ces 7no-:]e exce$+ #dj7 %ew1 t ! elem5ts "h set d[n w be suffici5t to enable future a/ronom]s to di/+ui% ?is ,comet ^u ano!r return2 b z !y d n correspond ) ! elem5ts ( ! orbit ( any o!r ,comet hi!rto tak5 notice (1 we _c det]m9e at pres5t ! p]iod !re(4 ,gre5wi*1 #ageg4 ,comet4 ,long4 ,mean ,"t4 ,obs]v4 ,latit4 ,obs]v4 ---------------------------------------- ------- d4 h4 ' ,s4 ' ' ---------------------------------------- ------- ,sept4 #ab #af #b #bi #cd #ac #aa #cb #af ,no4 #ac #ab #cg #b #ce #cd #aa #ab #ac #ad #ad #j #f #bg #de #aj #dd #c ---------------------------------------- ------ #ag #ac #j #ag #di #dj #i #c #ca #ai #ae #ag #bf #f #h #g #cf #di #bc #ae #eg #aa #ai #ah #d #cc #ch ---------------------------------------- ------ #bd #ae #ba #ad #dd #ai #c #di #cg #bh #af #bb #bg #bc #dc #a #c #dd ,no4 #cj #af #bd #b #de #dc #j #e #cj ,s4 ---------------------------------------- ------ ,octob4 #b #af #dh #g #cg #dc #a #e #ej #c #af #de #i #ea #cf #a #cb #bb #d #ag #j #ab #a #d #a #ef #db ---------------------------------------- ------ #g #af #ed #ag #ea #c #b #ef #dh #h #af #ec #ai #ci #de #c #ac #g #aa #af #eb #bd #dg #bb #c #dh #di #ag #ag #ab #d #ch #eh #d #ae #db ,s4 ,gre5wi*1 #ageg4 ,diff4 ,diff4 ,mean ,"t4 ,long4 ,comp4 ,latit4 ,comput4 ,long4 ,latit4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- d4 h4 ' ,s4 ' ' ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,sept4 #ab #af #b #bi #cd #aa #aa #cb #bj ,no4 -#b #d #ac #ab #cg #b #ce #dg #aa #ab #aa #ac -#b #ad #ad #j #f #bg #db #aj #dc #dc -#c -#bj ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- #ag #ac #j #ag #ej #af #i #c #aa #cf -#bj #ai #ae #ag #bf #e #ej #g #cf #cj -#ah -#ai #bc #ae #eg #aa #ai #d #d #cc #cb -#ad -#f ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- #bd #ae #ba #ad #dd #c #c #di #ci -#af #b #bh #af #bb #bg #bc #cb #a #c #eb ,no4 -#aa #h #cj #af #bd #b #de #ci #j #e #ag ,s4 -#d -#ac ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,octob4 #b #af #dh #g #cg #db #a #e #cb -#a -#ah #c #af #de #i #ea #bi #a #ca #ee -#g -#bg #d #ag #j #ab #j #be #a #ef #bc -#ci -#ai ---------------------------------------- --------------------- #g #af #ed #ag #ea #f #b #ef #bd #c -#bd #h #af #ec #ai #ci #cc #c #ab #bh -#ab -#ci #aa #af #eb #bd #dg #dg #c #di #bi #be #dj #ag #ag #ab #d #ch #cf #d #ae #b ,s4 -#bb -#dj ,,liii4 ,! ,resolution ( a ,g5]al ,proposition = ,det]m9+ ! hor>y ,alt]ation ( ! ,position ( ! ,t]re/rial ,equator1 f ! ,attraction ( ! ,sun & ,moon3 ,) "s ,rem>ks on ! ,solutions giv5 by o!r ,au?ors to t difficult & important ,problem4 ,by ,mr4 ,?o4 ,simpson1 ,f4,r4,s4 ,read ,dec4 #bb1 #ageg4 ,,s9ce ! "t1 t t excell5t ,a/ronom]1 my mu* hon\r$ fri5d ,dr4 ,bradley1 publi%$ 8 obs]vations & discov]ies conc]n+ ! inequalities ( ! precession ( ! equ9ox1 & ( ! obliquity ( ! ecliptic1 dep5d+ on ! position ( ! lun> nodes1 ma!maticians1 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ,europe1 h set !mselves dilig5tly to compute1 f physical pr9ciples1 ! effects produc$ by ! sun & moon1 9 ! position ( ! t]re/rial equator2 & to exam9e :e!r ^! effects d really correspond ) ! obs]vations4 ,two pap]s on ?is subject h already appe>$ 9 ! ,philosophical ,transactions2 9 :i* ! au?ors h %ewn evid5t m>ks ( skill & p5etration4 ,!re is1 nev]!less1 "o "p ( ! subject1 t seems to h be5 pass$ ov] )\t a due degree ( att5tion1 z well by bo? ^? g5tlem51 z by ,sir ,isaac ,newton himself4 ,?is "p1 :i*1 ^u acc\nt ( physical difficulties1 is inde$ some:at slipp]y & p]plex+1 ,i %all make ! pr9cipal subject ( ?is essay4 ,,g5]al ,,proposition4 ,suppos+ an homog5e\s sph]e ,,oabcd 7,fig4 #a47 revolv+ uni=mly ab\t its c5tre1 to be act$ on at ! extremity ,a ( ! radius ,,oa1 9 a direction ,,al p]p5dicul> to ! plane ( ! equator ,,abcd1 & p>allel to ! axis ( rotation ,pp1 by a giv5 =ce1 t5d+ to g5]ate a new motion ( rotation at "r angles to ! =m]2 ,x is propos$ to det]m9e ! *ange1 t w arise 9 ! direction ( ! rotation 9 consequ5ce ( ! said =ce4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a4 ,let ,f d5ote ! giv5 =ce1 :]eby ! motion ab\t ! axis ,pp is di/urb$1 suppos+ f to repres5t ! c5trifugal =ce ( a small p>ticle ( matt] 9 ! circumf]5ce ( ! equator1 aris+ f ! sph]e's rotation2 & let ! :ole numb] ( su* p>ticles1 or ! cont5t ( ! sph]e1 be d5ot$ by c3 let also ! mom5tum ( rotation ( ! :ole sph]e1 or ( all ! p>ticles1 be suppos$1 9 proportion to ! mom5tum ( an equal numb] ( p>ticles1 revolv+ at ! di/ance ,,oa ( ! remote/ po9t ,a1 z n is to unity4 ,x is well kn[n1 t ! c5tripetal =ce1 :]eby any body is made to revolve 9 ! circumf]5ce ( a circle1 is su*1 z is suffici5t to g5]ate all ! motion 9 ! body1 9 a "t equal to t1 :]e9 ! body describes an ar* ( ! circumf]5ce1 equal 9 l5g? to ! radius4 ,!re=e1 if we "h take ! ar* ,,ar ,,oa1 & assume m to express ! "t1 9 :i* t ar* w\ld be uni=mly describ$ by ! po9t ,a1 ! motion ( a p>ticle ( matt] at ,a 7^: c5tral =ce is repres5t$ by f7 w be equal to t1 :i* might be uni=mly g5]at$ by ! =ce f1 9 ! "t m2 & ! motion ( z _m p>ticles 7revolv+1 all1 at ! same di/ance7 z are express$ by cn 7:i*1 by hypo!sis1 is equal to ! mom5tum ( ! :ole body71 w1 consequ5tly1 be equal to ! mom5tum1 t might be g5]at$ by ! =ce f cn1 9 ! same "t m4 ,:5ce x appe>s1 t ! mom5tum ( ! :ole body ab\t its axe ,pp is 9 proportion to ! mom5tum g5]at$ 9 a giv5 p>ticle ( "t m'1 by ! giv5 =ce ,f 9 ! direction ,,al1 z ncf m is to ,f m'1 or1 z unity to 7,f_/ncf7 7m'_/m7 7because ! quantities ( motion produc$ by unequal =ces1 9 unequal times1 are 9 ! ratio ( ! =ces & ( ! times1 conjunctly74 ,let1 !re=e1 ,,al be tak5 9 proportion to ,,am1 z 7,f_/ncf7 7m'_/m7 is to unity 7suppos+ ,,am to be a tang5t to ! circle ,,abcd 9 ,a71 & let ! p>allelogram ,,amnl be compleat$2 draw+ also ! diagonal ,,an2 !n1 by ! composition ( =ces1 ! angle ,,nam 7^: tang5t1 to ! radius ,,oa1 is express$ by ,,oa 7,f_/ncf7 7m'_/m77 w be ! *ange ( ! direction ( ! rotation1 at ! end ( ! a=esaid "t 7m'74 ,b1 ?is angle be+ exce$+ small1 ! tang5t may be tak5 to repres5t ! measure ( ! angle itself2 &1 if ,z be assum$ to repres5t ! ar* describ$ by ,a1 9 ! same "t 7m'7 ab\t ! c5t] ,o1 we %all also h 7m'_/m7 7,z_/,,ar7 7,z_/,,ao71 & consequ5tly ,,oa 7,f_/ncf7 x 7m_/m'7 ,z 7,f_/ncf74 ,f :5ce x appe>s1 t ! angle express+ ! *ange ( ! direction ( ! rotation1 dur+ any small p>ticle ( "t1 w be 9 proportion to ! angle describ$ ab\t ! axe ( rotation 9 ! same "t1 z ,f_/ncf is to unity4 ,q4,e4,i4 ,al?o'1 9 ! prec$+ proposition1 ! body is suppos$ to be a p]fect sph]e1 ! solution1 nev]!less1 holds equally true 9 e o!r species ( figures1 z is manife/ f ! inve/igation4 ,x is true1 inde$1 t ! value ( n w n be ! same 9 ^! cases1 ev5 suppos+ ^? ( c1 f & ,f to rema9 un*ang$2 except 9 ! sph]oid only1 :]e1 z well z 9 ! sph]e1 n w be 2 ! mom5tum ( any sph]oid ab\t its axis be+ #b-e?s ( ! mom5tum ( an equal quantity ( matt] plac$ 9 ! circumf]5ce ( ! equator1 z is v easy to demon/rate4 ,b to %ew n[ ! use & application ( ! g5]al proportion "h d]iv$1 9 det]m9+ ! regress ( ! equ9octial po9ts ( ! t]re/rial sph]oid1 let ,,aea,f 7,fig4 #b47 be ! equator1 & ,pp ! axis ( ! sph]oid3 also let ,,hecf repres5t ! plane ( ! ecliptic1 ,s ! place ( ! sun1 & ,,hapnh ! plane ( ! sun's decl9ation1 mak+ "r-angles ) ! plane ( ! equator ,,aea,f3 !n1 if ,,ak be suppos$ p>allel1 & ,,okm p]p5dicul>1 to ,,os1 & !re be assum$ ,t & t to express ! respective times ( ! annual & diurnal revolutions ( ! e>?1 x w appe> 7f ! ,pr9cipia1 ,b4 ,,iii4 prop4 xxv47 t ! =ce1 ) :i* a p>ticle ( matt] at ,a t5ds to rec$e f ! l9e ,,om 9 consequ5ce ( ! sun's attraction1 w be express$ by 7#ctt_/,,tt7 7,,ak_/,,oa7 f2 f d5ot+ ! c5trifugal =ce ( ! same p>ticle1 aris+ f ! diurnal rotation4 ,h5ce1 by ! resolution ( =ces1 7#ctt_/,,tt7 7,,ak_/,,oa7 7,,ok_/,,oa7 f w be ! effect ( t p>ticle1 9 a direction p]p5dicul> to ,,oa1 to turn ! e>? ab\t its c5t] ,o4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #b4 ,b x is demon/rat$ by ,sir ,isaac ,newton1 & by o!r au?ors1 t ! =ce ( all ! p>ticles1 or ( all ! matt] 9 ! :ole sph]oid ,,ap ap1 to turn x ab\t its c5t]1 is equal to ? ( ! =ce ( a quantity ( matt]1 plac$ at ,a1 equal to ! excess ( ! matt] 9 ! :ole sph]oid above t 9 ! inscrib$ sph]e1 ^: axis is ,pp4 ,n[ ?is excess 7assum+ ! ratio ( to #a1 to express t ( ! area ( a circle to ! squ>e ( ! radius7 w be truly repres5t$ by 7#d_/c7 ,,op 7,,oa - ,,op72 &1 consequ5tly1 ! =ce ( all ! matt] 9 ! :ole e>?1 by 7#ctt_/,,tt7 7,,ak_/,,oa7 7,,ok_/,,oa7 7#d_/ae7 ,,op 7,,oa- ,,op74 ,let1 !re=e1 ?is quantity be n[ sub/itut$ = ,f1 9 ! g5]al =mula ,f_/ncf1 writ+1 at ! same "t1 7#d_/c7 ,,oa ,,op1 & 1 9 ! place ( _! equals c & n2 by :i* means we h 7"h7 7,f_/ncf7 7#ctt_/#b,,tt7 77,,oa - ,,op7_/,,oa7 77,,ak ,,ok7_/,,oa74 ,put ! giv5 quantity 7#ctt_/#b,,tt7 77,,oa - ,,op7_/,,oa7 k2 & let ! angle ,,eae repres5t ! hor>y alt]ation ( ! position ( ! t]re/rial equator1 aris+ f ! =ce ,f 7"h det]m9$71 & let ! ar* ,ee be ! regress ( ! equ9octial po9t ,e1 correspond+ !reto3 !n1 9 ! triangle ,,eae 7consid]$ z sph]ical7 x w be s94 e s94 ,,ae 7 s94 ,,eae3 s94 ,ee7 ,,eae ,ee 7 7s94 ,,ae x ,,eae7_/s94 ,e7 k 7s94 ,,ae_/s94 ,e7 77,,ak ,,ok7_/,,oa7 k 77s94 ,,ae cos4 ,,ah s94 ,,ah7_/s94 ,e74 ,b 9 ! triangle ,,eha1 "r-angl$ at ,a 7:]e ,,ha is suppos$ to repres5t ! sun's decl9ation1 ,,ae 8 "r asc5sion1 & ,,he 8 di/ance f ! equ9octial po9t ,e#bjg7 we h 7p] sph]ics7 s94 ,,ae #a 7rad47 co-t4 ,e co-t4 ,,ah1 7s94 ,,ah7 7s94 ,,eh7 7s94 ,e7 #a 7rad47 ,f :5ce we get1 s94 ,,ae co-t4 ,,ah 7s94 ,,ah7 7s94 ,,eh7 co-t4 ,e 7s94 ,e74 ,b co-t4 ,,ah s94 ,,ah co-s4 ,,ah #a 7rad471 & co-t4 ,e s94 ,e co-s4 ,e #a 7rad473 !re=e s94 ,,ae co-s4 ,,ah s94 ,,ah 7s94 ,,eh7 co-s4 ,e s94 ,e2 &1 consequ5tly1 k 7s94 ,,ae co-s4 ,,ah s94 ,,ah7_/s94 ,e k co-s4 ,e 7s94 ,,eh7 7 ,ee74 ,let1 n[1 ! sun's longitude ,,eh be d5ot$ by ,z 7consid]$ z a fl[+ quantity72 !n1 7s94 ,z7 be+ - co-s4 #b ,z1 we %all h k co-s4 ,e 7s94 ,,eh7 k co-s4 ,e #a-;co-s4 #b ,z4 ,b ! angle describ$ ab\t ! axe ( rotation ,pp1 9 ! "t t ! sun's longitude is augm5t$ by ! p>ticle 1 w be 7,t_/t7 4 ,!re=e 7by ! g5]al proposition7 we h1 z #a3 k co-s4 ,e #a-;co-s4 #b ,z 7,t_/t7 3 k 7,t_/t7 co-s4 ,e - co-s4 #b ,z1 ! true regress ( ! equ9octial po9t ,e1 dur+ t "t3 ^: flu5t1 k 7,t_/t7 co-s4 ,e 7,z- s94 #b ,z71 w consequ5tly be ! total regress ( ! po9t ,e1 9 ! "t t ! sun1 by 8 app>5t motion1 describes ! ar* ,,he or ,z2 :i*1 on ! sun's arrival at ! sol/ice1 becomes b>ely k 7,t_/t7 co-s4 ,e an ar* ( #ij3 ! quadruple :]e(1 or k 7,t_/t7 co-s4 ,e #cfj 7 7#ct_/#d,t7 77,,oa-,,op7_/,,oa7 co-s4 ,e #cfj7 is !re=e ! :ole annual precession ( ! equ9ox caus$ by ! sun4 ,?is1 9 numb]s 7tak+ ,,op_/,,oa #bbi_/bcj7 comes out 7#c_/7d #cff77 7#b_/bcj7 #j4iagagf #cfj #ba #f4 ,! v +5i\s ,m4 ,silvabelle1 9 8 essay on ?is subject1 ins]t$ 9 ! #dh? volume ( ! ,philosophical ,transactions1 makes ! quantity ( ! annual precession ( ! equ9ox1 caus$ by ! sun1 to be ! half1 only1 ( :at is "h det]m9$4 ,b ?is g5tleman appe>s to h fall5 into a tw(old mi/ake4 ,fir/1 9 f9d+ ! mom5ta ( rotation ( ! t]re/rial sph]oid1 & ( a v sl5d] r+1 at ! equator !re(2 :i* mom5ta he ref]s to an axis p]p5dicul> to ! plane ( ! sun's decl9ation1 in/ead ( ! prop] axe ( rotation1 /&+ at "r angles to ! plane ( ! equator4 ,! diff]5ce1 inde$1 aris+ f !nce1 ) respect to ! sph]oid 7by reason ( its ne> approa* to a sph]e7 w be inconsid]able2 b1 9 ! r+1 ! case w be q o!rwise2 ! equ9octial po9ts !re( be+ made to rec$e j twice z fa/ z !y ought to d4 ,?is may seem ! m /range1 if reg>d be _h to ! conclusions1 relat+ to ! nodes ( a satellite1 d]iv$ f ?is v assumption4 ,b1 t ^! conclusions are true1 is ow+ to a second1 or subsequ5t mi/ake1 at ,art4 #bg2 :]e ! measure ( ! sun's =ce is tak5 ! half1 only1 ( ! true value2 by means :]e( ! motion ( ! equ9octial po9ts ( ! r+ is r$uc$ to its prop] quantity1 & ! motion ( ! equ9octial po9ts ( ! t]re/rial sph]oid1 to ! half ( :at x ought to be4 ,t exp]t geometrician ,m4 ,*a4 ,walmsley1 9 8 ,essay on ! ,precession ( ! ,equ9ox1 pr9t$ 9 ! la/ volume ( ! ,philosophical ,transactions1 has judici\sly avoid$ all mi/akes ( ?is la/ k9d1 respect+ ! sun's =ce1 by pursu+ ! me?od1 po9t$ out by ,sir ,isaac ,newton2 b1 9 det]m9+ ! effect ( t =ce1 has fall5 into o!rs1 n less consid]able ?an ^? above adv]t$ to4 ,9 8 ?ird ,lemma1 ! mom5tum ( ! :ole ,e>?1 ab\t its diamet]1 is comput$ on a supposition1 t ! mom5tum or =ce ( ea* p>ticle is proportional to its di/ance f ! axis ( motion1 or b>ely z ! quantity ( motion 9 su* p>ticle1 consid]$ ab/ract$ly4 ,no reg>d is1 !re=e1 _h to ! l5g?s ( ! unequal lev]s1 :]eby ! p>ticles are suppos$ to receive & communicate _! motion3 :i*1 )\t d\bt1 ought to h be5 includ$ 9 ! consid]ation4 ,9 8 fir/ proposition1 he det]m9es1 9 a v +5i\s & concise mann]1 ! true annual motion ( ! nodes ( a r+ 7or ( a s+le satellite7 at ! e>?'s equator1 revolv+ ) ! e>? itself1 ab\t its c5t]1 9 ! "t ( "o sid]ial day4 ,?is motion he f9ds to be 7#c;co-s4 #bc #bi_/d rad47 7#cff7 #cfj4 ,!n1 9 ord] to inf] f !nce1 ! motion ( ! equ9octial po9ts ( ! e>? itself1 he1 fir/1 dim9i%es t quantity1 9 ! ratio ( #b to #e3 ,because 7z is demon/rat$ by ,sir ,isaac ,newton 9 8 #b;d ,lemma7 ! :ole =ce ( all ! p>ticles situat$ )\t ! surface ( a sph]e1 inscrib$ 9 ! sph]oid1 to turn ! body ab\t its c5t]1 w be only #b-e?s ( ! =ce ( an equal numb] ( p>ticles uni=mly dispos$ r\nd ! :ole circumf]5ce ( ! equator1 9 ! fa%ion ( a r+4 ,! quantity 77#c;co-s4 #bc #bi_/d rad47 7#cff7 #cfj7 ?us aris+1 w1 !re=e1 express ! true motion ( ! equ9octial po9ts ( a r+1 equal 9 quantity ( matt] to ! excess ( ! :ole e>? above ! inscrib$ sph]e1 :5 ! =ce :]eby ! r+ t5ds to turn ab\t its diamet] is suppos$ equal to ! =ce :]eby ! e>? itself t5ds to turn ab\t ! same diamet]1 9 consequ5ce ( ! sun's attraction4 ,?us f> our au?or agrees ) ,sir ,isaac ,newton2 b1 9 d]iv+ f h5ce ! motion ( ! equ9octial po9ts ( ! e>? itself1 he diff]s f him2 &1 9 ! coroll>y to 8 ?ird ,lemma1 assigns ! reasons1 :y he ?9ks ,sir ,isaac ,newton1 9 ?is p>ticul>1 has w&]$ a little f ! tru?4 ,in/ead ( dim9i%+ ! quantity above exhibit$ 7z ,sir ,isaac has done7 9 ! ratio ( all ! motion 9 ! r+ to ! motion 9 ! :ole e>?1 he dim9i%es x 9 ! ratio ( ! motion ( all ! matt] above ! surface ( ! inscrib$ sph]e to ! motion ( ! :ole e>?3 :i* matt]1 ?o' equal to t ( ! r+1 has nev]!less a diff]5t mom5tum1 aris+ f ! diff]5t situation ( ! p>ticles 9 respect to ! axis ( motion4 ,b s9ce ! a=esaid quantity1 f :5ce ! motion ( ! e>?'s equ9ox is d]iv$1 z well by ?is g5tleman1 z by ,sir ,isaac ,newton1 expresses truly ! annual regress ( ! equ9octial po9ts ( ! r+ 7& n ( ! holl[ figure =m$ by ! said matt]1 :i* is great]1 9 ! ratio ( #e to #d7 x seems1 at lea/1 z reasonable to suppose1 t ! said quantity1 to obta9 f !nce ! true regress ( ! equ9octial po9ts ( ! e>?1 ought to be dim9i%$ 9 ! =m] ( ! two ratios above specifi$1 z t x %\ld be dim9i%$ 9 ! latt]4 ,b1 inde$1 bo? ^! ways are defective1 ev5 suppos+ ! mom5ta to h be5 truly comput$2 ! ratio1 t ought to be us$ "h1 be+ t ( ! mom5ta ( ! r+ & e>? ab\t ! prop] axe ( rotation ( ! two figures1 /&+ at "r-angles to ! plane ( ! r+ & ( ! equator4 ,n[ ?is ratio1 by a v easy computation1 is f\nd to be z #bcj-bbi to ( #bcj2 :5ce ! quantity s\ght comes out 7#c;co-s4 #bc #bi_/d rad47 7#cff7 7#bcj-bbi7_/bcj #cfj #ba #f3 :i* is ! same t we be=e f\nd x to be1 & ! d\ble ( :at ?is au?or makes x4 ,:at has be5 said hi!rto1 relates to t "p ( ! motion only1 aris+ f ! =ce ( ! sun4 ,x w be b ju/ice to obs]ve "h1 t ! effect ( ! moon1 & ! inequalities dep5d+ on ! position ( h] nodes1 are truly assign$ by bo? ! g5tlem5 above-nam$2 ! ratio ( ! diamet]s ( ! e>?1 & ! d5sity ( ! moon be+ s assum$1 z to give ! maxima ( ^? inequalities1 su* z ! obs]vations require3 9 consequ5ce :]e(1 & f ! law ( ! increase & decrease 7:i* is rightly det]m9$ by !ory1 ?o' ! absolute quantity is n7 a true solution1 9 e o!r circum/ance1 is obta9$4 ,! fre$om1 ) :i* ,i h express$ myself1 & ! lib]ty ,i h "h tak51 to animadv]t on ! works ( m51 :o1 9 _m places1 h giv5 inconte/ible pro(s ( skill & g5ius1 may1 ,i fe>1 /& 9 ne$ ( "s apology4 ',tis possible ,i may be ?\ght too p]emptory4 ,inde$1 ,i might h deliv]$ my s5tim5ts ) m caution & address3 b1 _h n ,i imag9$ myself q cle> 9 :at has be5 advanc$1 f a multitude ( concurr5t reasons1 ,i %\ld h ?\ght x too great a presumption to h said any ?+ at all "h1 on ?is subject4 ,! great reg>d ,i h = ?is ,society1 ( :i* ,i h ! hon\r to be a memb]1 w1 ,i hope1 be consid]$ z ! motive = my hav+ attempt$ to rectify "s ov]sights1 t h occurr$ 9 ! works ( ?is le>n$ body4 ,,liv4 ,rem>ks ^u ! ,heat ( ! ,air 9 ,july #ageg4 9 an ,extract ( a ,lett] f ,john ,huxham1 ,m4,d4 ,f4,r4,s4 to ,william ,watson1 ,m4,d4 ,f4,r4,s4 dat$ at ,plym\? #ai? ( t ,mon?4 ,) additional ,rem>ks by ,dr4 ,watson4 ,read ,dec4 #bb1 #ageg4 8,,f ! beg9n+ ( ,june la/ we h _h a v dry season1 g5]ally v w>m1 & sometimes excessively hot4 ,f ! #g? to ! #ad? ( ?is mon? ! heat 0 viol5t2 great]1 inde$1 ?an has be5 kn[n "h 9 ! memory ( man4 ,i h talk$ ) sev]al p]sons1 :o h liv$ a consid]able "t 9 ,jamaica1 ,gibralt>1 & ,m9orca2 & !y sev]ally ass]t1 t !y nev] felt su* int5se heat 9 any ( ^? places4 ,^u ! #aa?1 #ab?1 & #ac? ( ?is mon?1 ,fahr5heit's !rmomet]1 9 ! %ade1 ab\t ?ree o'clock 9 ! aft]noon1 0 at #hg2 nay1 ^u ! #ab? x 0 ev5 above #hh4 ,abundance ( p h suff]$ v sev]ely f ^! excessive heats3 putrid1 bili\s1 pete*ial1 n]v\s fev]s1 are exce$+ly common e-:]e4 ,dys5t]ies1 hmorrhages1 mo/ pr(use sweats1 affect n only ^? 9 fev]s1 b a va/ _m o!rs4 ,! days & nights 7 s intol]ably hot1 t little or no sleep 0 to be gott5 day or night4 ,! w9d we _h1 l ! ,camps91 actually blew hot1 ?o' /rong4 ,^u ! #ae?1 ab\t sev5 at night1 at ,falm\?1 ,p5ryn1 ,truro1 & !reab\ts1 a pretty sm>t %ock ( an e>?quake 0 felt1 att5d$ ) a holl[ rumbl+ noise1 ?r[+ d[n pewt]1 *9a-w>e1 & su*-l4 ,! t9n]s felt x eighty fa?om "u gr\nd4 ,no great damage h[ev] 0 done4 ,! day be=e we _h1 ab\t elev5 o'clock be=e noon1 a mo/ viol5t hurricane1 :i* la/$ five or six m9utes1 att5d$ ) a heavy %[]40 ,?us f> ,dr4 ,huxham4 ,! heat ( ! air at ,london1 dur+ ! p]iod above-m5tion$1 0 mu* great] ?an has be5 usually obs]v$ 9 ^! high latitudes2 ?o' x 0 nev] q s sev]e "h z at ,plym\?4 ,! foll[+ table exhibits ! degrees ( ! heat1 tak5 "h ^u ! respective days1 ab\t f\r o'clock 9 ! aft]noon1 by a ,fahr5heit's !rmomet]4 ,! in/rum5t 0 plac$ 9 ! %ade2 & ! accuracy ( ! obs]v]1 :o fav\r$ me ) 8 m9utes1 is n to be que/ion$4 #ageg4 ,july #e #ge #f #gh #g #ge #h #gh #aj #hj #aa #hc #ab #hj #ac #hj #ad #he #ae #ha #af #gc ,f h5ce x appe>s1 t ! air at ,london 01 ^u sev]al days1 hott] ?an x _h be5 obs]v$ at ,madeira = t5 ye>s toge!r3 =1 by ,dr4 ,?omas ,heb]d5's obs]vations1 m5tion$ 9 ! ,philosophical ,transactions1 ! heat ( ! air at ,madeira1 dur+ t p]iod1 0 nev] b once at #hj4 ,william ,watson4 ,,lv4 ,rem>ks ^u ! ,lett] ( ,mr4 ,john ,ellis1 ,f4,r4,s4 to ,philip ,c>t]et ,webb1 ,esq2 ,f4,r4,s4 pr9t$ 9 ! ,philosophical ,transactions1 ,vol4 xlix4 ,"p ii4 p4 #hjf4 ,by ,mr4 ,philip ,mill]1 ,f4,r4,s4 ,read ,dec4 #ae1 #ageg4 ,,! pap] ( m9e1 :i* 0 read be=e ! ,royal ,society on ! #h? ( ,may #agee1 & aft]w>d pr9t$ 9 ! xlix? volume ( ! ,philosophical ,transactions#bjh1 0 writt5 at ! reque/ ( ,mr4 ,watson2 :o in=m$ me1 t a lett] f ! ,abb ,mazeas to ! rev]5d ,dr4 ,hales _h be5 communicat$ to ! ,royal ,society1 9 :i* x 0 m5tion$1 t ! ,abb ,sauvages _h made a discov]y ( ! juice ( ! ,c>ol9a ,toxicod5dron /a9+ l95 ( a p]man5t black4 ,b ,mr4 ,watson said1 t ! lett]1 he ?\ght1 requir$ a c>eful p]usal be=e x 0 pr9t$2 & he wi%$ ,i w\ld confirm x4 ,i told him1 if ! lett] 0 put into my h&s1 ,i w\ld look x ov]1 & deliv] my op9ion ( x4 ,accord+ly ,dr4 ,bir* deliv]$ ! lett] to me2 &1 ^u read+ x1 ,i f\nd1 t ?o' ?is might be a discov]y to ^? two g5tlem52 yet1 z x _h be5 m5tion$ 9 sev]al pr9t$ books long be=e1 ,i ?\ght x might n be = ! reputation ( ! ,royal ,society to h x pr9t$ z su* 9 _! ,transactions4 ,?is 0 my motive = writ+ t pap]3 9 :i* ,i h n endeav\r$ to depreciate ! discov]y ( ! ,abb ,sauvages1 b h only m5tion$ :at _h occurr$ to me 9 ^? books ( botany1 :]e t %rub is tak5 notice (4 ,& z ! kn[lege ( x1 & ! me?od ( collect+ ! v>ni%1 might be ( s]vice to ! inhabitants ( ! ,briti% colonies 9 ,am]ica1 ,i took ! lib]ty ( add+ ! acc\nt giv5 ( x by ,dr4 ,kmpf]4 ,mr4 ,ellis1 9 8 lett] to ,mr4 ,webb1 ass]ts1 t ! ,am]ican ,toxicod5dron is n ! same ) ,kmpf]'s ,arbor v]nicif]a legitima4 ,?is ass]tion ( 8 makes x necess>y to lay be=e ! ,society ! au?orities1 ^u :i* ,i h gr\nd$ my belief1 t !y are ! same4 ,b x may n be amiss fir/ to take notice1 t ! %rub m5tion$ by ! ,abb ,sauvages is ! same ) t1 :i* ! g>d5]s ab\t ,london call ! ,poison-a%4 ,! title ( x1 m5tion$ by ! ,abb ,sauvages1 0 giv5 by myself to t %rub1 9 a catalogue ( trees & %rubs1 :i* 0 pr9t$ 9 ! ye> #agcj2 be=e :i* x _h no g5]ical title appli$ to x4 ,& ab\t ! same "t ,i s5t sev]al ( ! plants to ,p>is & ,holl& ) t title1 :i* ,i _h rais$ a few ye>s be=e f se$s1 :i* 7 s5t by ,mr4 ,catesby f ,c>ol9a4 ,& al?o' ?is %rub _h n be5 r$uc$ to any g5us be=e1 yet x _h be5 "s ye>s gr[+ 9 ! g>d5s ( ! ,bi%op ( ,london at ,fulham1 at ,mr4 ,reyn>dson's at ,hill5d51 ,mr4 ,d>by's at ,hoxton1 & 9 ! ,*elsea g>d51 :i* 7 rais$ f se$s s5t by ,mr4 ,bani/] f ,virg9ia2 two ( :i* 7 gr[+ at ,*elsea 9 ! ye> #agbb1 :5 ! c>e ( t ,g>d5 0 intru/$ to me4 ,! fir/ intimation ,i _h ( ! ,am]ican %rub be+ ! same ) ,dr4 ,kmpf]'s true v>ni%-tree1 0 f ! late ,dr4 ,william ,%]>d1 9 ! ye> #agbf1 :5 t g5tleman desir$ me to br+ him a specim5 ( ! ,am]ican ,toxicod5dron f ! ,*elsea g>d52 :i* ,i accord+ly did3 & !n ! ,doctor1 & ,dr4 ,dill5ius1 comp>$ x ) a dri$ specim5 9 ! collection ( ! =m]1 :i* 0 ga!r$ 9 ,japan1 & :i*1 if ,i rememb] "r1 he told me he receiv$ f ,dr4 ,kmpf] "s ye>s be=e4 ,x appe>$ to ^? two g5tlem51 t !y 7 ! same2 & _! skill 9 ! sci5ce ( botany 0 nev] d\bt$4 ,ab\t a ye> aft] ?is1 ,i c>ri$ a specim5 ( ! ,am]ican ,toxicod5dron to an annual meet+ ( "s botani/s at ,sir ,hans ,sloane's 9 ,bloomsbury2 :]e !re 7 pres5t ,mr4 ,dale ( ,bra9tree1 ,mr4 ,joseph ,mill]1 ,mr4 ,r&1 & "s o!rs2 :i* 0 !n comp>$ ) ,dr4 ,kmpf]'s specim51 ^: collection ,sir ,hans ,sloane _h pur*as$3 & x 0 ! op9ion ( e "o pres5t1 t !y 7 ! same4 ,nor has any "o d\bt$ ( _! be+ s1 :o has comp>$ ! ,am]ican %rub ) ,kmpf]'s figure & description ( 8 true v>ni%-tree1 b ,mr4 ,ellis4 ,& n[ give me leave to exam9e 8 reasons = diff]+ 9 op9ion f e late botani/1 :o has m5tion$ ?is %rub4 ,he says1 t ! midrib1 :i* supports ! lobe leaves1 is q smoo? 9 ! poison-a%1 z is also ! "u side ( ! leaves2 :]eas ,dr4 ,kmpf]1 9 8 description ( ! midrib ( ! true v>ni%-tree1 calls x lvit] lanug9oso2 & 9 8 description ( ! lobes or p9n he says1 !y are basi inequalit] rotunda2 :]eas ^? ( ! poison-a% come to a po9t at _! foot/alks ne>ly equal to t at ! top4 ,^! *>act]s1 ,mr4 ,ellis ?9ks1 are suffici5t to prove1 t !y are diff]5t plants3 & he blames ,dr4 ,dill5ius = hav+ omitt$ ^! necess>y *>act]s 9 8 description ( x2 & supposes ?is mu/ h misl$ ! accurate ,l9nu1 :o quotes 8 synonyma4 ,b z ,dr4 ,l9nu is possess$ ( ,kmpf]'s book1 he w\ld little h des]v$ ! appellation ( accurate 9 ?is p>ticul>1 _h he n consult$ ! orig9al1 b tru/$ to a copy4 ,b ?is ,i "k he has done1 & is z well assur$1 t ! plants 9 "q are ! same1 z ,mr4 ,ellis c be ( ! contr>y4 ,b "h ,i mu/ obs]ve1 t ! bran*1 f :i* ,dr4 ,kmpf]'s figure is tak51 is produc$ f ! l[] "p ( a /em1 :i* seems to h be5 cut d[n1 & n f a fl[]+ bran*2 & x is n improbable1 t 8 description may h be5 tak5 f ! same bran*3 & if ?is be ! case1 x is easy to acc\nt = ! m9ute diff]5ces m5tion$ by ,mr4 ,ellis2 = x w\ld n be difficult to produce in/ances ( hundr$s ( diff]5t trees & %rubs1 ^: l[] & upp] bran*es diff] mu* m 9 ! p>ticul>s m5tion$ by ,mr4 ,ellis1 ?an ! figure & description giv5 by ,kmpf] d f ! ,am]ican ,toxicod5dron4 ,i w only m5tion two ( ! mo/ obvi\s3 ! fir/ is ! :ite popl>1 ^: %oots f ! l[] "p ( ! /em1 & ! suck]s f ! root1 are g>ni%$ ) leaves v diff]5t 9 =m & size f ^? on ! upp] bran*es1 & are cov]$ on bo? sides 9 ! spr+ ) a woolly d[n4 ,! next is ! will[ ) smoo? leaves1 :i*1 if a /&>d1 & ! head lopp$ (f1 z is usual1 ! "y %oots are g>ni%$ ) leaves mu* broad]1 & ( diff]5t =ms f ^? on ! old] bran*es2 & ^! h frequ5tly a hairy d[n on _! "u surface1 :i* does n appe> on ^? ( ! old]4 ,s t a p]son unacqua9t$ ) ^! diff]5ces 9 ! same tree w\ld suppose !y 7 diff]5t4 ,& ! ,am]ican ,toxicod5dron has v>i$ 9 ^! p>ticul>s mu* m1 9 diff]5t seasons1 ?an :at ,mr4 ,ellis has m5tion$4 ,mr4 ,ellis next says1 t ! ,toxicod5dron m5tion$ by ,mr4 ,catesby1 9 8 ,natural ,hi/ory ( ,c>ol9a1 is n ! same ) t1 :i* is n[ call$ by ! g>d5]s poison-a%3 b ,i am v positive ( ! contr>y2 = mo/ ( ! plants 9 ! nurs]y-g>d5s ab\t ,london 7 fir/ rais$ f ! se$s1 :i* 7 s5t by ,mr4 ,catesby f ,c>ol9a2 "p ( :i* 7 s5t to ! late ,dr4 ,%]>d1 z is m5tion$ by him 9 ! ,philosophical ,transactions1 ,n4 #cfg2 & ano!r "p came to my h&s1 f :i* ,i rais$ a great _m ( ! plants1 :i* 7 di/ribut$1 & "s ( !m are n[ gr[+ 9 ! ,*elsea g>d54 ,& t ?is %rub gr[s naturally 9 ,c>ol9a1 ,i c h no d\bt1 hav+ receiv$ ! se$s ( x two or ?ree times f ! late ,dr4 ,dale1 :o ga!r$ !m 9 ! woods ( t c\ntry4 ,9 my pap] above-m5tion$ ,i likewise obs]v$1 t ! se$s1 :i* 7 s5t to ! ,royal ,society by ,fa!r ,d',inc>ville1 = ^? ( ! true v>ni%-tree1 did n prove to be s2 b ! plants1 :i* 7 rais$ f !m1 7 tak5 to be ref]r$ to ! spuri\s v>ni%-tree ( ,kmpf]2 :i* ,i believ$ to be ! same1 & own1 t x is yet my op9ion1 not)/&+ :at ,mr4 ,ellis has said to ! contr>y3 = ! numb] ( lobes or p9n on ea* leaf1 ) _! mann] ( arrangem5t on ! midrib1 are ! same4 ,& "h we mu/ obs]ve1 t ! figure ( ?is giv5 by ,kmpf] is f a fl[]+ bran*2 & e g>d5] or botani/ mu/ "k1 t ! leaves1 :i* are situat$ imm$iately bel[ ! fl[]s ( mo/ w+$-leav$ plants1 h few] lobes or p9n1 ?an ^? on ! l[] bran*es3 !re=e ,i mu/ suppose x to be ! case 9 ?is plant2 & f !nce1 ) "s o!r obs]vations :i* ,i made on ! se$s1 ,i h ass]t$ x to be ! wild or spuri\s v>ni%-tree ( ,kmpf]4 ,b ,mr4 ,ellis is ( a contr>y op9ion1 because ! base ( ! lobes ( ^? plants1 :i* 7 rais$ f ,fa!r ,d',inc>ville's se$s1 are r\nd$ & ind5t$ l two e>s4 ,9 ,dr4 ,kmpf]'s figure & description ( ! fasi-no-ki1 ! leaves are intire1 & come to a po9t at _! base4 ,"h ,i ?9k ,mr4 ,ellis is a little too ha/y 9 giv+ 8 op9ion1 z he has n se5 ?is plant 9 ! /ate1 t ! bran* 01 f :i* ,kmpf]'s figure 0 tak54 ,= z !re are (t5 su* app>5t diff]5ces betwe5 ! leaves on ! l[] bran*es ( trees1 & ^? :i* are at _! extremities1 z t 9 ! descriptive titles ( ! species ,dr4 ,l9nu frequ5tly uses !m to di/+ui% "o f ano!r2 s 9 mak+ ! same all[ance = ! plant 9 "q1 ,i _c help ?9k+ t ,i am 9 ! "r1 & mu/ abide by my op9ion1 till ! plants1 :i* h be5 rais$ f ,fa!r ,d',inc>ville's se$s1 h fl[]$1 to conv9ce me ( ! contr>y4 ,h[ev]1 ,i _c help obs]v+1 t ,mr4 ,ellis has giv5 a title to ?is %rub be=e he _h se5 any ( ! *>act]s1 :i* are necess>y to det]m9e ! g5us4 ,& ,i h pretty good reason to believe x %\ld n be jo9$ to ! ,rhus2 = ! ?ree se$s1 :i* ,i receiv$ f ! ,royal ,society1 7 %ap$ l a w$ge1 be+ ?ick] on "o edge ?an ! o!r1 & n unlike ^? ( ! bee*-tree1 z ,i not$ 9 my catalogue :5 ,i s[$ !m2 &1 by _! /ructure1 seem$ z if ! ?ree se$s _h be5 inclos$ 9 ! same capsule4 ,if x proves s1 ?is w by no means agree ) ! *>act]s ( ,rhus2 especially if ! male fl[]s %\ld gr[ ^u diff]5t plants f ! fruit1 :i* is :at ,i suspect4 ,nor c ,i agree ) ,dr4 ,l9nu 9 ?is p>ticul> ( jo9+ all ! species ( ,toxicod5dron to ! g5us ( ,rhus1 _m ( :i* h _! male fl[]s gr[+ ^u diff]5t plants f ! fruit2 & !re=e w\ld m prop]ly come into 8 tw5ty-second class ( ,dioecia1 ?an 8 fif? ( ,p5t&ria1 into :i* he ranges ! ,rhus4 ,at ! bottom ( ! *>act]s ( t g5us he has add$ a note1 to %ew ! v>ni%-tree is s4 ,b z !re are sev]al o!r species :i* agree 9 ?is ess5tial "* ( di/9ction2 s1 accord+ to ! ,l9nan sy/em1 !y %\ld be sep>at$ f ! ,rhus1 ) ano!r g5]ical title4 ,mr4 ,ellis obs]ves1 ^u ! poetical description1 :i* he lays ,kmpf] has giv5 ( ! leaves ( ! wild v>ni%-tree turn+ r$ 9 ! autumn1 t he _h n f\nd x to be ! case ( ! tree gr[+ 9 ! /ove at ,busbridge4 ,h[ x appe>$ 9 t situation1 ,i "k n2 b ! leaves ( all ^?1 :i* are gr[+ 9 ! ,*elsea g>d51 & /& 9 ! op5 air1 d con/antly *ange to a purple col\r 9 ! autumn1 be=e !y fall (f f ! %rub3 b ^? ( ! true v>ni%-tree are mu* m rem>kable = ! deepness ( _! col\r4 ,mr4 ,ellis says1 he _h receiv$ a lett] f ,dr4 ,sib?orp1 pr(essor ( botany at ,ox=d1 9 :i* ! ,doctor in=ms him1 t !re is no specim5 ( ! true v>ni%-tree 9 ! ,%]>dian collection at ,ox=d2 b t !re is "o ( fasi-no-ki1 or spuri\s v>ni%-tree ( ,kmpf]4 ,h[ ! ,doctor c\ld write s1 ,i _c conceive2 = ,i am v sure !re 0 no specim5 ( ! latt] 9 t collection :ile x rema9$ 9 ,london1 hav+ myself (t5 view$ t "p ( x3 & sure ,i am1 ,dr4 ,dill5ius nev] add$ t synonym to ! =m]3 & ,i d believe ! latt] 0 no o!r way kn[n 9 ,europe1 ?an by ,kmpf]'s figure & description ( x1 except+ t specim5 ( ,kmpf]'s n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,b1 to confirm :at ,i h be=e said1 ( ,dr4 ,%]>d's hav+ a specim5 ( ! true v>ni%-tree1 ,i beg leave to quote :at ,dr4 ,dill5ius has writt5 9 ! ,hortus ,el?am5sis2 :]e1 aft] hav+ describ$ ! ,am]ican ,toxicod5dron1 he says1 ,cet]um hi/oriam v]nicif] arboris ,japoni1 dilig5t] et accurate m suo exsequutus e/ laudatus ,kmpf]ius1 cujus et descriptio et figura1 qu9 et planta sicca1 qu 9 ,japonia lecta s]vatur 9 phytophylacio ,%]>d9o1 no/r huic speciei examussim quadrat3 id tantum1 sexus nempe diff]5tia1 prt]visa fuit auctori3 quoniam autem ille lib] non 9 omnium 8 9 locis1 multo m9us 9 ,am]ica1 manibus v]satur1 non ali5um videtur1 si qui1 quorum int]e/1 hc leg]9t1 ut nor9t1 qu ille de collectione prep>atione v]nicis illius habet1 hoc loco transcrib]e4 ,!n he goes on transcrib+ f ,kmpf] ! mann]1 9 :i* x is collect$4 ,aft] ?is1 ,i f9d ,mr4 ,ellis is incl9able to ?9k1 t ! poison-a%1 z x is call$ by ! g>d5]s1 is ! same ) ! fasi-no-ki1 or spuri\s v>ni%-tree ( ,kmpf]4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 ^! %rubs does n consi/ 9 small & m9ute p>ticul>s1 b ! mo/ obvi\s /rik+ m>ks ( di/9ction appe> at fir/ sight2 = ! poison-a% has r>ely m ?an ?ree or f\r pair ( lobes to ea* leaf1 t]m9at$ by an odd "o3 9 :i* p>ticul> x agrees ) ! true v>ni%-tree ( ,kmpf]2 :]eas 9 ! figure1 :i* ,kmpf] has giv5 ( ! spuri\s v>ni%-tree1 ! leaves h sev5 or eight pair ( lobes t]m9at$ by an odd "o3 & ?is figure1 z ,i be=e obs]v$1 is drawn f a fl[]+ bran*4 ,e "o1 :o is ! lea/ acqua9t$ ) ^! ?+s1 kn[s1 t ! leaves imm$iately bel[ ! fl[]s are consid]ably less ?an ^? on ! l[] "p ( ! bran*es3 !re=e ?is is a m ess5tial note ( di/9ction ?an ^? m5tion$ by ,mr4 ,ellis4 ,i mu/ also obs]ve1 t ,mr4 ,ellis w\ld sugge/1 t ,i suppos$ ^! two %rubs 7 only v>ieties ( ea* o!r produc$ by culture3 :]eas x mu/ appe> to e "o1 :o reads my pap]1 t my int5tion 9 m5tion+ ! spuri\s v>ni%-tree 0 to %ew x 0 diff]5t f ,kmpf]'s true v>ni%-tree1 al?o' ,kmpf] supposes o!rwise4 ,= ! satisfaction ( ! curi\s1 ,i h add$ a leaf ( ea* %rub1 :i* are n[ gr[+ 9 ! ,*elsea g>d51 t if any p]son has ! curiosity1 !y may comp>e !m ) ,kmpf]'s4 ,9 my pap] ,i took notice1 t "o ( ! be/ k9ds ( v>ni% 0 collect$ f ! ,anac>dium 9 ,japan2 & recomm5d$ x to ! inhabitants ( ! ,briti% isl&s 9 ,am]ica1 to make trial ( ! occid5tal ,anac>dium1 or ,ca%ew-nut tree1 :i* ab\nds 9 ^? isl&s4 ,?is has occasion$ ,mr4 ,ellis to take great pa9s to %ew1 t ! ea/]n & we/]n ,anac>dium 7 diff]5t trees3 a fact1 :i* 0 well kn[n to e botani/ be=e2 & ( :i* ,i c\ld n be ignorant1 hav+ be5 possess$ ( bo? sorts ne> ?irty ye>s4 ,b z ,i 0 assur$1 f _m repeat$ exp]im5ts1 t ! milky juice1 ) :i* e "p ( ! ,ca%ew-tree ab\nds1 w\ld /a9 l95 ) z p]man5t a black z t ( ! ori5tal ,anac>dium2 s ,i j h9t$1 t x 0 wor? ! trial4 ,nor 0 my h9t gr\nd$ on ^? exp]im5ts only1 b on ! in=mations ,i _h receiv$ f p]sons ( ! be/ cr$it1 :o _h resid$ long 9 ! ,am]ican isl&s1 t p are v c>eful to keep _! l95 at a di/ance f ^? trees1 well kn[+1 t if a drop ( ! juice fell ^u x1 !y c\ld nev] wa% out ! /a94 ,b ,mr4 ,ellis1 9 ord] to prove t ?is tree has no su* quality ( /a9+1 says1 he has made "s exp]im5ts on ! cau/ic oil1 ) :i* ! %ell or cov] ( ! ,ca%ew-nut ab\nds2 & t he f\nd x 0 n endu$ ) any /a9+ quality4 ,b surely ^? exp]im5ts _c be m5tion$ to prove1 t ! milky juice ( ! tree has n ?is prop]ty3 & ,sir ,hans ,sloane1 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ,jamaica1 says1 t ! inhabitants ( ,jamaica /a9 _! cottons ) ! b>k ( ! ,ca%ew-tree4 ,i %all n intrude f>!r on ! pati5ce ( ! g5tlem51 :o may be pres5t :5 ?is pap] is read2 b humbly crave _! p>don = deta9+ !m s long3 nor %\ld ,i h giv5 !m ?is tr\ble1 _h n ,i ?\ght my reputation conc]n$ on ! occasion4 ,,lvi4 ,an ,answ] to ! prec$+ ,rem>ks4 ,by ,mr4 ,john ,ellis1 ,f4,r4,s4 ,read ,jan4 #ai1 #ageh4 ,,my lett] to ,mr4 ,webb1 :i* is pr9t$ 9 ! second "p ( ! xlix? volume ( ! ,philosophical ,transactions#bji1 0 int5d$ to %ew ?is ,hon\rable ,society1 t ,mr4 ,mill]1 9 8 reply to ! ,abb ,mazeas's lett]1 _h br\ght no pro(s to less5 ! discov]y1 :i* he tells u ! ,abb ,sauvages _h made1 9 attempt+ to improve ! art ( pa9t+ or /a9+ l95s & cottons ( a f9e durable black col\r1 by mak+ use ( ! juice ( ! ,c>ol9a p5nat$ ,toxicod5dron1 in/ead ( ! common me?od ( /a9+ black ) gauls & a prep>ation ( iron2 :i*1 he says1 always turns to a ru/y col\r :5 wa%$4 ,mr4 ,mill]1 in/ead ( produc+ ! prop] pro(s1 to %ew t ?is me?od ( /a9+ cottons & l95s ( a black col\r 0 kn[n be=e1 or quote+ ! au?ors 9 :i* he says x is m5tion$1 cont5ts himself ) tell+ ! ,society1 t ?is ,am]ican ,toxicod5dron is ! same plant ) ! true v>ni%-tree ( ,japan2 & t callicuts are pa9t$ ) ! juice ( ?is %rub4 ,9 my lett] to ,mr4 ,webb1 ,i h endeav\r$ to %ew1 t not)/&+ ! au?ority ( ,dr4 ,dill5ius1 & ! au?ors t h foll[$ him1 x does n appe>1 f ,dr4 ,kmpf]'s description ( ?is ,japan plant1 t x c be ! same ) our ,am]ican "o4 ,! design1 !n1 ( ?is pap]1 is to lay be=e ?is ,society "s fur!r reasons1 :y ^! plants _c be ! same2 & t ev5 if !y 7 ! same1 ,mr4 ,mill] has produc$ no au?ority to %ew1 t ?is juice 0 ev] made use ( = ?is purpose abroad2 ) "s rem>ks on 8 reply to my lett]1 9 :i* he obliges me to be m p>ticul> ?an ,i int5d$1 9 expla9+ "s errors1 :i* ,i f9d he has run into4 ,9 my lett] to ,mr4 ,webb1 ,i h po9t$ out ! exact description1 :i* ,kmpf] has giv5 u ( ! leaves ( ?is plant1 %ew+ h[ mu* !y diff] f our ,am]ican "o3 b n[ ,i %all m5tion "s obs]vations t escap$ me be=e1 & :i*1 ,i ?9k1 w give u a cle>] pro( ( ?is matt]4 ,kmpf]1 !n1 in=ms u1 t ?is ,japan v>ni%-tree1 or ,sitz-dsju1 is a tree1 n a %rub3 & ?is au?or 7x is well kn[n7 is rem>kably exact 9 ! description ( 8 ,japan plants1 mak+ ! necess>y di/9ctions betwe5 a %rub1 an arboresc5t %rub1 & a tree4 ,he !n goes on to expla9 ! mann] ( its gr[?2 & tells u1 t x gr[s ) long sappy %oots1 v luxuriantly1 to ! height ( a sall[ or will[-tree1 :i* we may reasonably all[ to be f #bj to #cj feet3 :]eas ?is ,c>ol9a p5nat$ ,toxicod5dron1 z ,mr4 ,mill] tells u 9 8 ,diction>y1 #f? edit4 9 folio1 is a %rub1 & seldom rises above five feet high ) u3 & _m p1 :o h be5 9 ,nor? ,am]ica1 agree1 t x is b a sl[ gr[] !re1 & is "o ( ! %rubby und]woods ( t c\ntry3 s t1 all[+ x to gr[ ev5 d\ble ! height x does "h1 x is /ill b a %rub1 9 companion ) ! o!r4 ,fur!r1 :ile ,dr4 ,dill5ius 0 w>m ) ?is suppos$ discov]y1 ( our hav+ got ! true ,japan v>ni%-tree 9 ,am]ica1 attempts 7 made !re1 by intellig5t p]sons "u 8 direction1 to procure ?is v>ni% aft] ! mann] ( ,kmpf]2 b )\t success1 z ,i am assur$ by p]sons ( t c\ntry n[ "h1 ) :om ! ,doctor correspond$4 ,let u n[ consult ! gr[? ( ! ,c>ol9a & ,virg9ia ,suma*s1 or ,rhus's1 9 our nurs]y-g>d5s1 & comp>e !m ) ?is little %rubby ,toxicod5dron1 & we %all f9d1 t ev5 9 ?is cold climate nature keeps h] regul> proportionable pace 9 ! gr[? ( vegetables ( ! same c\ntry4 ,let u obs]ve ! gr[? ( "s ( ^! ,rhus's1 & we %all f9d t great luxuriancy ( ! %oots1 :i* ,kmpf] s ju/ly describes 9 8 v>ni%-tree4 ,"o ( ^! ,am]ican ones ev5 seems to promise ! same height z ! ,japan ,rhus2 :]eas ?is little %rubby ,toxicod5dron /ill pres]ves ! same dw>fi% sl[-gr[+ habit1 t x has 9 its native c\ntry4 ,?is leads me1 9 ! next place1 to %ew1 t ^! two plants mu/ be ( diff]5t g5us's2 ! "o a ,rhus1 & ! o!r a ,toxicod5dron3 & if s1 accord+ to ,mr4 ,mill]1 !y ought to be prop]ly di/+ui%$1 & n rank$ toge!r1 z ,dr4 ,l9nu has done4 ,9 ord] to prove ?is1 let u !n exam9e ,kmpf]'s description ( ! p>ts ( ! fl[]1 & see :e!r x does n answ] exactly to ! g5us ( ,rhus2 & :e!r ! fl[]s are n male & female 9 !mselves1 t is1 h]maphrodites1 on ! same tree4 ,! orig9al ( ,kmpf] is z foll[s1 p4 #gia ( 8 ,amnitates3 8,flosculos cont95t pumilos1 et citra cori&ri sem9is magnitud9em radiantes1 9 luteum h]baceos1 p5tapetalos1 petalis c>nosis nonnihil oblongis et rep&is1 /am9ibus ad petalorum int]/itia s+ulis1 apicatis1 brevissimis1 /ylo p]brevi tricipite1 floris turb9i insid5te2 fructus flosculum excipit gibbosus utcunque 9 rhomboides figuram compressus40 ,:]eas ,dr4 ,dill5ius1 & ! au?ors t h copi$ aft] him1 say1 t 8 ,toxicod5dron has ! male blossoms on "o plant1 & ! female on ! o!r2 f :5ce x mu/ evid5tly be ano!r g5us4 ,x appe>s1 h[ev]1 t ,dr4 ,dill5ius 0 n altoge!r ignorant ( ?is diff]5ce ( g5us 9 ^! two plants2 b1 r ?an 8 ,toxicod5dron1 :i* he _h made agree exactly 9 ! leaves1 %\ld n agree 9 ! fructification1 he makes ! accurate ,kmpf] guilty ( an unp>donable ov]sight1 9 n tak+ notice ( ! diff]5ce ( ! sexes ( ?is v>ni%-tree 9 diff]5t plants3 :]eas we h j n[ %ewn1 t no?+ c be m m9utely & judici\sly describ$1 ?an he has done bo? ! male & female p>ts ( ! blossom1 :i* *ange into ! fruit on ! same plant4 ,! orig9al ( ,dr4 ,dill5ius's rem>ks on ,dr4 ,kmpf]'s specim5 runs ?us3 8,planta sicca1 qu 9 ,japonia lecta1 s]vatur 9 phytophylacio ,%]>d9o1 no/r huic specie examussim quadrat1 id tantum sexus nempe diff]5tia prt]visa fuit auctori40 ,h5ce we f9d h[ ?is error came to spread1 & ?is false synonym to be adopt$ by ! botanic writ]s1 :o copi$ aft] ,dill5ius4 ,?is %ews u :at little dep5dance we c h ^u ! result ( t meet+1 :i* ,mr4 ,mill] m5tions he _h ) 8 botanic fri5ds2 :]e1 f ! similitude ( leaves only1 )\t ! p>ts ( fructification1 !y det]m9$ ^! two plants1 s diff]5t 9 _! gr[?1 to be "o & ! same plant4 ,mr4 ,mill] rem>ks v ju/ly1 t ! leaves ( ! same tree (t5 v>y mu* 9 %ape1 su* z ^? ( ! popl>1 sall[1 c4 ,b 9 answ] to ?is1 we may reasonably suppose1 t ,dr4 ,kmpf]1 :o 0 on ! spot1 w\ld n *oose = 8 specim5s leaves ( ! mo/ uncommon sorts t 7 on ! tree1 & neglect ! mo/ common4 ,?is w\ld be c>ry+ ! supposition f>!r ?an c be all[$1 unless we suppose ?is au?or _h n ! und]/&+ ev5 ( a common g>d5]2 = o!rwise1 ,i am p]suad$1 ,sir ,hans ,sloane w\ld n h ?\ght 8 specim5s wor? pur*as+4 ,= ano!r synonym to ! true ,japan v>ni%-tree1 z also to ,dill5ius's p5nat$ ,toxicod5dron ) rhomboidal fruit1 ,mr4 ,mill] br+s 9 79 8 answ] to ! ,abb ,mazeas's lett]7 ! ,bahama ,toxicod5dron foliis alatis fructu purpureo pyri=mi sp>so ( ,catesby's ,nat4 ,hi/4 vol4 i4 p4 #dj4 s t he w\ld h all ^! ?ree diff]5t plants "o & ! same2 &1 9 8 reply to my lett]1 he /ill insi/s on x1 t ^! two ,toxicod5drons are ! same4 ,b "h ,i mu/ beg ! fav\r ( ?is ,hon\rable ,society1 :5 !y come m att5tively to consid] ?is matt]1 to comp>e 8 answ] to ! ,abb ,mazeas's lett]1 & 8 reply to me1 9 ?is p>ticul> "p4 ,i %all only at pres5t take notice1 t ,catesby says1 ?is ,toxicod5dron1 ) ! pe>-%ap$ fruit1 gr[s usually on rocks 9 ,provid5ce1 ,ila!ra1 & o!r ( ! ,bahama isl&s2 & does n m5tion1 t he ev] saw x 9 ,c>ol9a4 ,i _c f9d x describ$ by any au?or z gr[+ 9 ,c>ol9a1 or 9 any o!r "p ( ! cont95t ( ,nor? ,am]ica3 nor d ,i believe t !re is a plant ( x n[ gr[+ 9 ,engl&1 or t x is ev5 ! same g5us ) ,dill5ius's rhomboidal-fruit$ "o1 f ! diff]5t /ructure bo? ( its leaves z well z fruit4 ,9 look+ ov] ,dr4 ,l9nu's ,hortus ,clif=tianus1 ,i f9d he gives ?is ,bahama ,toxicod5dron ( ,catesby z a synonym to 8 ,elemif]a foliis p9natis1 p4 #dhf4 ,i n[ come to t "p ( ,mr4 ,mill]'s reply1 relat+ to ! ,*9a v>ni%-tree1 t 0 rais$ f se$s s5t to ! ,royal ,society by ,fa!r ,d',inc>ville2 :]e he /ill insi/s on x1 t ?is is ! same ) ! spuri\s v>ni%-tree ( ,kmpf]4 ,8 reasons are1 t not)/&+ ! ind5tation & r\ndness ( ! bottom ( ! lobe-leaves ( ! ,*9a v>ni%-tree1 & ?o' ! lobe-leaves ( ! spuri\s ,japan v>ni%-tree come to a po9t at ! base1 & are no-way ind5t$1 b q ev5 on ! edges2 yet he says1 because !y h an equal numb] ( p9n1 or lobe-leaves1 on ! :ole leaf ( ea* tree1 !y mu/ be ! same4 ,illu/ration3 ,philos4 ,trans4 ,vol4 ,l4 ,,tab4 ,,xvii4 p4 #ddg4 ,rhus s95se foliis alates foliolis oblongis ,acum9atis ad bas9 sultrotundis et d5tatis4 ,j4 ,mynde del9 et sc4 ,ex ,horto ,betanice ,philippe ,c>t]4 ,webb4 ,armig4 ,9 answ] to ?is1 ,i say _! lobe-leaves are n equal2 = ,i h exam9$ bo? ! specim5s & draw+s ( ,dr4 ,kmpf]'s spuri\s v>ni%-tree1 & ,i don't f9d t ! numb] ( ! p9n exce$ sev5 on a side3 :]eas ,i h a small specim5 ( a leaf by me1 t 0 tak5 f ! top ( "o ( ,d',inc>ville's ,*9a v>ni%-trees1 :i* is above eight feet high1 & /&s 9 an op5 exposure2 & ?is leaf1 ?o' b a foot long1 has #ab lobe-leaves1 on a side1 & ea* lobe ind5t$ at ! base#baj4 ,at ! same "t ,i obs]v$1 t ! leaves ( ! "y %oots ( ano!r tree 7 a y>d long1 z !y 7 ?is summ] at ! g>d5 ( ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,ano!r ?+ is rem>kable 9 ! leaves ( ?is ,*9a v>ni%-tree2 & t is1 ! lobes ( ! leaves1 z !y approa* to ! end1 gr[ small] & small]2 :]eas 9 ! spuri\s ,japan v>ni%-tree !y are r1 if !re is any diff]5ce1 l>g] t[>ds ! end4 ,i %all make ?is fur!r rem>k1 t ?o' ^! ind5tations on ! lobe-leaves may v>y 9 numb] 9 ?is ,*9a v>ni%-tree2 yet1 z ,i obs]v$ be=e1 s9ce !y are cont9u$ on ev5 9 ! small] leaves at ! top ( ! bran*es ( a tree eight feet high 9 ! op5 gr\nd1 x appe>s to me1 t ?is specific "*1 besides ! =m & ins]tion ( ! lobe-leaves1 w ev] di/+ui% x z a diff]5t species f ! ,fasi-no-ki1 or spuri\s v>ni%-tree ( ,kmpf]4 ,mr4 ,mill] n[ goes on to tell u1 he is confirm$ 9 8 belief ( _! be+ ! same1 by mak+ "s obs]vations on ! se$s ( ?is ,*9a v>ni%-tree2 & !re=e ass]ts1 t !y are ! same4 ,x is natural to suppose he comp>$ !m ) ! accurate draw+s ( ! se$s ( ,kmpf]'s ,fasi-no-ki1 p4 #gid4 t be+ ! only place :]e ! se$s ( x are describ$4 ,9 ! v next p>agraph ,mr4 ,mill] seems to =get1 t f 8 own obs]vations on ! se$s ( ! ,*9a v>ni%-tree1 he has ass]t$ x to be ! ,fasi-no-ki ( ,kmpf]2 b n[ he f9ds1 9 8 memor&ums1 t ^? se$s 7 w$ge-%ap$1 & l ! se$s ( ! bee*-tree2 & t all ! ?ree se$s he receiv$ seem$ to be inclos$ 9 "o capsule3 s t n[ he is at a loss :at to call x2 & at ! same "t says ,i h be5 too ha/y 9 call+ x a ,rhus4 ,mr4 ,mill] goes on1 & all[s ?is ,*9a v>ni%-tree *anges to a purple 9 ! autumn2 b n s deep z ! true v>ni%-tree4 ,i suppose he means1 by ?is true v>ni%-tree1 ! ,c>ol9a p5nat$ ,toxicod5dron2 = ,kmpf] has n told u :at col\r ! true v>ni%-tree ( ,japan *anges to 9 autumn4 ,b ?is is no c]ta9 pro( on ei!r side ( ! "q1 only a corroborat+ circum/ance ( ! species ( a tree3 nor %\ld ,i h m5tion$ x1 b = ! mann] 9 :i* ,kmpf]1 ) an imag9ation truly poetical1 describes ! autumnal beauty ( 8 ,fasi-no-ki1 or spuri\s v>ni%-tree4 8,rubore suo autumnati qu viridantes sylvas suavit] int]polat1 intu5tium oculos e long9quo 9 se conv]tit40 ,ev5 ?is description w\ld make "o suspect x is n ! same ) ! ,*9a v>ni%-tree1 :i*1 ,i am in=m$1 did n turn purpli% 9 ! g>d5 ( ! ,briti% ,museum till ! fir/ fro/ came on3 :]eas x is well kn[n1 t "s ( ! ,rhus's & ,toxicod5drons1 p>ticul>ly ! ,c>ol9a p5nat$ "o1 *ange to a f9e sc>let col\r 9 ! beg9n+ ( a dry autumn1 ev5 be=e any fro/ appe>s4 ,mr4 ,mill] seems surpris$1 h[ ,i %\ld ?9k1 t ! ,c>ol9a p5nat$ ,toxicod5dron1 or poison-a% is l ! ,fasi-no-ki ( ,kmpf]4 ,i mu/ "h ackn[l$ge1 at ?is "t1 n hav+ se5 ,doctor ,kmpf]'s specim51 ,i imag9$1 f ! %ape ( ! lobe-leaves 7z he has describ$ !m7 & f ! rem>kable sc>let col\r ( bo? ^! trees 9 autumn1 t ,mr4 ,mill] might be "r 9 :at he has advanc$2 = x 0 f 8 au?ority ,i took x1 dep5d+ on ! in=mation he gives u 9 8 ,diction>y1 fol4 edit4 #f4 "u ! article ,toxicod5dron1 :]e he takes "s pa9s to assure u1 t !y are ! v same plants4 ,9 ! next p>agraph ,i f9d ,mr4 ,mill] has intirely mi/ak5 ! mean+ ( "o "p ( my lett] to ,mr4 ,webb2 :i* ,i mu/ recomm5d to him to read aga91 & he w f9d x exactly agrees ) 8 own s5tim5ts4 ,!re he w f9d my op9ion is1 t not)/&+ ! *ange ( soil & situation1 ?is ,sitz-dsju1 or true v>ni%-tree1 & ! ,fasi-no-ki1 or spuri\s v>ni%-tree ( ,kmpf]1 are di/9ct species ( ,rhus or ,toxicod5dron1 & w ev] rema9 s4 ,mr4 ,mill] n[ desires me1 s9ce ,i h se5 ,dr4 ,kmpf]'s specim5s 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 to decl>e1 :e!r ,i ?9k ,i am mi/ak54 ,9 answ] to ?is1 & to satisfy ,mr4 ,mill] z well z myself1 ,i h be5 v lately at ! ,museum1 & h look$ v c>efully ov] ,dr4 ,kmpf]'s specim5s1 & d s9c]ely ?9k1 z did o!r judges at ! same "t1 t ! ,sitz-dsju is n ! same ) ! ,c>ol9a p5nat$ ,toxicod5dron1 nor ! ,fasi-no-ki ! same ) ,fa!r ,d',inc>ville's ,*9a v>ni%-tree4 ,mr4 ,mill] in=ms u1 t "o ( ! be/ k9ds ( v>ni%es is collect$ f ! ,anac>dium 9 ,japan4 ,9 answ] to ?is1 ,i mu/ beg leave to %ew ! ,society1 t ,dr4 ,kmpf] does n s mu* z m5tion1 t ?is ,anac>dium gr[s 9 ,japan2 b t ! v>ni%1 :i* is collect$ f x1 is br\ght to !m f ,siam3 & ,i believe x w appe> pla9ly1 f :at foll[s1 t !re is n a plant ( ?is k9d 9 ! k+dom ( ,japan2 = ,siam & ,cambodia1 especially ! p>ts ( ^? k+doms1 :]e ,kmpf] in=ms u ?is ,anac>dium#baa gr[s1 lie 9 ! latitudes ( f #aj to #ae degrees nor?1 :i* mu/ be full z hot z our ,we/ ,indies3 s t x is n probable1 t x w\ld be> ! cold ( ! w9t]s 9 ,japan2 = ,japan lies f ! latitudes ( #cc to above #dj degrees nor?1 :i* is ab\t ! same p>allel ) our ,nor? ,am]ican colonies4 ,i %all n[ beg leave to lay be=e ! ,society t passage ( ,dr4 ,kmpf]1 :i* relates to ?is dispute1 toge!r ) my translation ( x1 t x may be comp>$ ) ,mr4 ,mill]'s translation1 :i* he gives u 9 8 reply to ! ,abb ,mazeas's lett]1 ,philosoph4 ,trans4 vol4 xlix4 p4 #afd4 #b;d p>agraph4 ,dr4 ,kmpf]1 9 8 ,amnitates1 p4 #gic4 speak+ ( ! true v>ni%-tree1 says1 8,colitur frequ5s 9 prov9ciis ,tsi-kocko et ,figo1 9 quibus ins]ti agris scapi radices agunt et caudices edunt po/ tri5nium v]nicem supp$itantes4 ,optima regionis1 qu9 totius mundi1 v]nix p]hibetur circa urbem ,jass9o colligi4 ,v]nicem c]es ,japonica l>gitur oppido nobilem et pretiosissimam1 s$ admodum p>cam2 nec pro op]ibus1 qu regio con/ruit1 suffic]et1 nisi prius cum1 ,nam ,rak1 i4 e4 v]nice ignobiliore ex ,siamo invecta1 pro basi ill9]5tur4 ,siam5sis v]nix promitur 9 prov9cia ,corsama1 et regno ,cambodi ex arbore ,anac>do1 incolis ,tong ,rak1 i4 e4 ,arbor ,rak dicta1 cujus fructus (fic9is no/ris ,anac>dium dictus ,luk ,rak1 liquor ,nam ,rak appellatur4 ,p]=atus truncus immisso tubulo1 tant copi fundit liquorem ut ,s91 ,tunqu9o et ,japoni pro del9i5dis ut5silibus sufficiat1 qu9 jam ,bataviam et alia ,indi loca vasis ligneis inclusa appellit40 ,:i*1 translat$ into ,engli%1 appe>s to me to be ?us3 ',?is v>ni%-tree is (t5 cultivat$ 9 ! prov9ces ( ,tsi-kocko & ,figo3 !re !y plant ! cutt+s or trun*eons 9 ! fields1 :i* take root1 & s5d =? vigor\s %oots1 :i* 9 ?ree ye>s "t yield ?is v>ni%4 ',! be/ v>ni% ( ! k+dom1 nay1 ( ! :ole _w1 is said to be collect$ ab\t ! city ( ,jass9o4 ,! produce 9 ,japan ( ?is mo/ noble & v preci\s v>ni%1 is s v little1 t !re w\ld n be suffici5t = ! w>es made 9 ! k+dom1 if !y did n fir/ lay on a gr\nd ) an ord9>y k9d ( v>ni%1 :i* !y call ,nam ,rak1 & is br\ght to !m f ,siam4 ',?is ,siam v>ni% is collect$ 9 ! prov9ce ( ,corsama1 & 9 ! k+dom ( ,cambodia1 f ! tree ,anac>dus1 call$ by ! inhabitants ,tong or ,tree-,rak2 ! fruit ( :i* is call$ 9 our %ops ,anac>dium1 or ,luk ,rak1 & ! liquor is call$ ,nam ,rak4 ',to collect ?is liquor1 !y bore a hole 9 ! trunk1 & put 9 a tube4 ,by ?is me?od !y get z mu* ( x z is suffici5t n only to v>ni% all ! ut5sils ( ,*9a1 ,tonqu91 & ,japan1 b x is ev5 export$ 9 close wood5 vessels to ,batavia1 & o!r p>ts ( ,india4' ,! orig9al ( ,kmpf]1 p4 #gid4 speak+ ( ! true ,japan v>ni%1 is z foll[s3 8,pro/at non s9c]a modo1 s$ et colorata1 vel c9nab>i nativa ,s95si1 vel t]ra rubra 7quam ,batavi antea1 nunc ,s9eses advehunt7 vel atram5ti popul>is mat]i40 ,:i* ,i appreh5d may be read ?us 9 ,engli%3 ',?is v>ni% is n only sold q pure1 b likewise col\r$1 & t ) ,*9ese native c9nab>1 & a k9d ( r$ e>?1 :i* ! ,dut* =m]ly1 b n[ ! ,*9ese1 br+ !m2 & also ) ! mat]ials t !y make _! common 7or ,japan7 ink (4' ,mr4 ,mill] translates x ?us 7,see p4 #afd4 vol4 xlix4 ,phil4 ,transact473 ',?is v>ni% is us$ )\t mixture to /a9 black3 b ! ,*9ese mix native c9nab>1 or a r$ k9d ( e>?1 ) x1 to make a diff]5t col\r4' ,"h we may obs]ve1 t ,mr4 ,mill] uses ! words /a9+ black2 :i* is n ! s5se ( ! au?or1 :o1 by m5tion+ ! mat]ials ( ,japan ink1 %ews1 t ev5 9 v>ni%+ black x 0 necess>y to use ?is black mixture4 ,fur!r1 ,mr4 ,mill] says1 t ! ,*9ese mix ^! col\r+ +r$i5ts ) ?is v>ni%3 b ! orig9al pla9ly says1 t ! ,*9ese import !m1 & ! ,japanese mix !m ) _! v>ni% = sale4 ,& 9 a =m] "p ( ?is lett]1 p4 #afb4 vol4 xlix4 ,phil4 ,trans4 he says1 speak+ ( ?is true v>ni%-tree1 t callicuts are pa9t$ ) ! juice ( ?is %rub4 ,b ?is b>e ass]tion ( 81 )\t produc+ a prop] au?ority1 ,i am p]suad$ ?is ,hon\rable ,society w nev] admit z a matt] ( pro( to invalidate ! discov]y ( ! ,abb ,sauvages4 ,9 look+ ov] "o ( ! numb]s ( ,mr4 ,mill]'s ,diction>y1 "u ! title ( ,anac>dium1 ,i f9d he quotes a passage f ,dr4 ,grew1 :i* ,sir ,hans ,sloane has plac$ among 8 obs]vations on ! ,ca%ew-tree1 ,hi/4 ,jam4 vol4 ii4 p4 #abg4 :i* is1 t cottons are /a9$ ) lime1 & ! oil1 or mellag9\s succus1 call$ ,mel ,anac>dium 7b = ! acc\nt ( ?is ,mel ,anac>dium ,i %all ref] to ,p>k9son's ,!at4 p4 #aefh72 & ,mr4 ,mill] seems to ?9k x difficult to "k :i* ( ! ,anac>diums is "h meant4 ,"o w\ld be apt ?9k1 f ?is passage1 & ano!r t foll[s a little aft] 9 ! same page ( ! ,hi/4 ( ,jamaica1 relat+ to ! black dye ( ! mellago ( ?is nut1 t ,sir ,hans1 at ! "t 8 hi/ory 0 publi%$1 ?\ght !m1 z ,casp> ,bauh9 did1 ( ! same g5us1 b diff]5t species2 & !re=e he has mixt ! obs]vations on bo? toge!r4 ,=1 imm$iately aft] m5tion+ ! /a9+ ( cottons ) ?is mellag9\s succus1 ,sir ,hans says1 t ! gum is1 9 faculties & col\r1 l gum-arabic2 & t x is giv5 int]nally 9 female ob/ructions2 & t ! juice /a9s l951 :i* w n wa% out sudd5ly3 b he says x is false1 t !y rema9 till !y fl[] next ye>1 z ,du ,t]tre ass]ts4 ,sir ,hans fur!r quotes1 f an anonym\s ,brasilian au?or1 t ! apples /a9 l952 & t ! gum is good to pa9t & write2 & ! b>k dyes y>n & vessels s]v+ = pots4 ,& 9 ano!r place he quotes ,de ,laet1 :o compil$ a g5]al hi/ory ( ,am]ica1 & :o likewise takes 8 quotation f an old ,brasilian au?or1 treat+ ( ! trees ( ,brasil1 ,t ! gum ( ! ,acaj\ is us$ by pa9t]s2 ! b>k is us$ to dye cotton-y>n & e>!n w>e4 ,"h ,i mu/ rem>k1 ?o' =eign to our pres5t purpose1 t 9 ! orig9al ( ,laet1 :at relates to ! e>!n w>e runs ?us3 8,et a faire de vaisseaux de t]re40 ,s t ,i believe x w appe> m probable1 t ! b>k ( ^! trees 0 us$ r to burn e>!n w>e vessels1 ?an to dye !m1 z we f9d ^! e>!n vessels 7 us$ to boil _! victuals 94 ,^! two quotations f ,sir ,hans ,sloane confirm ! =m]1 ) reg>d to ! use ( ! gum2 t is1 its be+ fit1 l gum-arabic1 to be us$ = wat]-col\rs1 & to make ink2 & t x is ! juice ( ! apple t /a9s1 b ?is we f9d is n durable4 ,mr4 ,mill] has n[ only ! b>k ( ! ,ca%ew-tree left to support 8 argum5t4 ,?is ! above-m5tion$ ,brasilian writ]s say1 t ! native ,indians ( ,brasil us$ to dye _! cotton-y>n )2 b ( :at col\r no m5tion is made4 ,& :e!r ?is b>k is us$ to give /r5g? to ?is y>n1 z we dye & tan our fi%+-nets ) oak-b>k1 or = ornam5t1 is unc]ta92 = a great deal ( ?is y>n 0 us$ 9 ! mak+ _! net-hammocks1 z well z _! co>se g>m5ts4 ,mr4 ,mill] !n introduces ,sir ,hans ,sloane1 9 opposition to ,dr4 ,br[ne1 ^: ,hi/ory ( ,jamaica ,i _h quot$1 to prove t ! juice ( ! ,acaj\ 0 ( ! same nature & prop]ties ) t ( ! gum-arabic1 & consequ5tly n fit = v>ni%3 :]eas x pla9ly appe>s f ! =ego+ quotations1 tak5 f ,sir ,hans ,sloane1 t ,dr4 ,br[ne is "r1 & agrees exactly 9 op9ion ) him4 ,he !n makes ,sir ,hans say1 t ! inhabitants ( ,jamaica /a9 _! cottons ) ! b>k ( ! ,ca%ew-nut tree4 ,by ?is1 "o w\ld naturally conclude1 t ,mr4 ,mill] has be5 endeav\r+ to prove1 9 opposition to ! ,abb ,mazeas's lett]1 t ! art ( pa9t+ or /a9+ cottons ( a f9e deep black col\r1 equal to t discov]$ by ! ,abb ,sauvages1 z describ$ 9 8 exp]im5ts on ! ,c>ol9a ,toxicod5dron1 0 practis$ by ! ,engli% =ty or fifty ye>s ago 9 ,jamaica4 ,if ?is 0 ! case1 x is some?+ surpris+1 t1 not)/&+ our great int]c\rse ) t isl&1 ! callico-pr9t]s ( ,engl& nev] got intellig5ce ( ?is valuable secret4 ,fur!r1 if ,mr4 ,mill] w consult ,piso & ,m>grave1 writ]s ( ! be/ au?ority on ! ,brasilian plants1 he w f9d _! acc\nts ( ! ,acaj\ exactly correspond ) t deliv]$ by ,dr4 ,br[ne1 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ,jamaica1 z well z ,sir ,hans ,sloane's3 = !y say1 t ! juice ( ?is tree is equal 9 virtue1 & me*anical uses1 to ! be/ gum-arabic4 ,& if he /ill d\bts1 ,i %all la/ly recomm5d him to g to ! ,briti% ,museum1 & !re he may see a mo/ elegant specim5 ( ! ,ca%ew-gum1 :i* w put ?is matt] q out ( all d\bt4 ,i %all n[ leave ! decision ( ?is controv]sy1 :i* ,mr4 ,mill] has oblig$ me s fully to expla9 9 my own v9dication1 to ! c&\r & imp>tiality ( ?is ,hon\rable ,society4 ,p4,s4 ,s9ce ! =ego+ pap] 0 read1 ,pr(essor ,sib?orp 0 s k9d to deliv] me an exact draw+ ( ! ,fasi-no-ki 9 ! ,%]>dian collection at ,ox=d1 tak5 by ! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,william ,borlase1 ,f4,r4,s4 ! title & synonym ( :i* are bo? 9 ! ,h&-writ+ ( ,dr4 ,dill5ius1 z ! ,pr(essor assures me4 ,see ,,tab4 ,,xviii4 ,illu/ration3 ,philos4 ,trans4 ,vol4 ,l4 ,,tab4 ,,xviii4 p4 #def4 ,fasi-noki ,foccicod5dron foliis alatis fructu ,rhomboide ,h4 ,el?4 f ,japan4 ,9 ,horto situ ,%or>ds ,oxon4 ,w4 ,borlase del94 ,j4,m4,sc4 ,,lvii4 ,a ,lett] to ! ,rev4 ,?omas ,bir*1 ,d4 ,d4 ,secr4 ,r4,s4 conc]n+ ! ,numb] ( ! ,p ( ,engl&2 by ! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,ri*>d ,=/]1 ,rector ( ,great ,%ef=d 9 ,b]k%ire4 ,read ,dec4 #bb1 #ageg4 ,%ef=d1 ,nov4 #i4 #ageg4 ,rev ,sir1 ,s9ce ,i did myself ! hon\r ( writ+ to y 9 ,july#bab1 my booksell] has s5t me "p ii4 ( vol4 xlix4 ( ! ,transactions2 9 :i*#bac ,i f9d ano!r m$ium advanc$ to det]m9e ! am\nt ( ! p 9 ,engl&3 & ?is is ! numb] ( h\ses1 :i* pay ! w9d[-tax1 & :i* 8am\nt to ab\t #fij1jjj1 besides cottages1 t pay no?+40 ,to ?is is add$1 t 8?o' ! numb] ( cottages be n accurately kn[n1 x appe>s f ! acc\nts giv5 91 t !y _c am\nt to above #bjj1jjj40 ,"h ,i _c b express my conc]n1 t ?is v +5i\s g5tleman has n be5 a little m explicit1 by in=m+ u1 :at ^! acc\nts are1 ^u :i* he builds s positive a conclusion4 ,! law requires no su* acc\nts to be deliv]$ 92 & p>i%-(fic]s _c be accus$ ( works ( sup]]ogation3 besides 7:i* is m to ! purpose7 ,i am v c]ta9 no su* acc\nts h be5 giv5 9 f ?is "p ( ! _w4 ,on ! o!r h&1 9 all p>ts ( ,engl&1 :i* ,i h se5 7& t is1 ,i ?9k1 almo/ ! :ole7 ! numb] ( cottages greatly exce$s t ( all o!r h\ses1 except 9 ! middle ( t[ns1 & "s villages ab\t ,london4 ,?is is agreeable to ! g5]al int]pretation ( t s5t5ce pass$ ^u our orig9al p>5t1 t he %\ld eat bread by ! sweat ( 8 br[s2 :i* is1 t ! majority ( 8 desc5d5ts %\ld be poor lab\r+ p4 ,?is ,i d n m5tion ) design to def5d ! int]pretation1 b only to %ew ! g5]al s5se ( mank9d4 ,z my notion ( ! matt] diff]s s widely f t ( ?is wor?y g5tleman1 ,i did e ?+ 9 my p[] to *eck any mi/ake1 :i* might arise f a fondness ( "o's own op9ion2 & :i*1 ,i hope1 w v9dicate me 9 ! eye ( e c&id inquir]4 ,9 a ^w1 ,i set myself to c\nt all ! h\ses 9 sev]al contigu\s p>i%es2 & !n exam9$ h[ _m ( !m paid ! w9d[-tax1 or duty ^u h\ses4 ,& "h ,i mu/ obs]ve1 t if !re be any small mi/ake1 x c h>dly be suppos$ to be 9 fav\r ( my own s*eme2 because ,i _h ! :ole numb] ( h\ses1 by c\nt+ z ,i rode along2 & "s might possibly be miss$1 ?o' ( ?is ,i took ! utmo/ c>e3 :]eas ! numb] ( ^?1 t pay ! w9d[-tax1 ,i _h f ! collectors rolls4 ,! foll[+ table is ! fruit ( my lab\rs3 ,great ,%ef=d #ij #ag ,little ,%ef=d #ab #c ,wel=d #afb #fb ,*addlewor? #fb #bj ,bright-,walton #gb #ba ,catmore #aj #a ,f>mbor\gh #cd #e ,fawley #dg #g ,ea/ ,g>/on #ii #da ---------- #ehh #agg ,"h we see1 t out ( #ehh h\ses only #agg pay ! w9d[-tax4 ,n[ if we say ) ! philoph] ex p$e ,h]culem1 & suppose1 t #bjj1jjj taxable h\ses /& 9 ! c\ntry1 we %all h ! foll[+ proportion1 #agg3 #ehh #bjj1jjj3 #ffddjf1 = ! :ole numb] ( h\ses t /& 9 ! c\ntry1 commonly s call$4 ,aga91 ,lamborn p>i%1 9 :i* is a m>ket-t[n1 conta9s #dde h\ses1 ( :i* #bbi pay ! w9d[-tax4 ,n[ if we suppose1 9 l mann]1 #bjj1jjj taxable h\ses to /& 9 c\ntry t[ns 7,i mean ( ! middl+ & inf]ior classes71 we mu/ !n say #bbi3 #dde #bjj1jjj3 #chhfdf1 ! :ole numb] ( h\ses1 t /& 9 c\ntry t[ns4 ,! rema9+ #bij1jjj h\ses mu/ be plac$ 9 cities & fl\ri%+ t[ns2 & mu/ h ,dr4 ,brak5ridge's proportion assign$ !m2 = )\t all d\bt he _h "s reason = pit*+ ^u su* numb]s2 & z !y c\ld n be tak5 f c\ntry t[ns or villages1 mu/ be assum$ f ! pres5t /ate ( "s fl\ri%+ place4 ,^u ?is supposition1 we mu/ say #fij1jjj3 #bjj1jjj33 #bij1jjj 3 #hd1jeh4 = ! numb] ( cottages 9 great t[ns2 :i*1 if add$ to ! h\ses t pay1 makes ! :ole numb] 9 l>ge t[ns to be #cgd1jeh4 ,^! ?ree sums add$ toge!r make ! total am\nt ( h\ses 9 ! nation to be #ffd1djf #chh1fdf #cgd1jeh ---------- #a1dbg1aaj ---------- ,! two =m] ( ^! numb]s %\ld be multipli$ by #e1 & ! latt] by #f4 ,! reason ( ?is diff]5ce is ! great quantity ( s]vants kept 9 l>ge t[ns4 #a1jec1jeb #e #e1bfe1bfj #cgd1jeh #f #b1bdd1cdh ----------- #g1eji1fjh ----------- ,by ?is way ( proce$+ x appe>s1 t ! :ole numb] ( p n[ alive 9 ,engl& is some:at m ?an sev5 millions & an half4 ,i w\ld n be und]/ood1 z if ,i meant to recomm5d ?is z exact2 ?o' ,i am 9 hopes1 t1 ^u trial1 x w be f\nd ne>] ! tru?1 ?an any ?+ hi!rto advanc$4 ,nei!r w ,i lay any /ress ^u its approa*+ s ne> to ! numb]s advanc$ 9 my =m] lett]2 be+ s5sible1 t all ! me?ods ,i h hi!rto tri$ are liable to v great objections4 ,:]e c]ta9ty may be arriv$ at by a little indu/ry1 all hypo!sis %\ld be despis$ & reject$4 ,! militia act levies #cb1jjj m5 ^u ! :ole k+dom2 & 9 ! we/ rid+ ( ,york%ire #a 9 #de1 if my intellig5ce is "r1 complet$ _! quota4 ,n[ if ?is proportion be appli$ to ! :ole nation1 #cb1jjj #de w give #a1ddj1jjj = ! numb] ( ballott]s2 & ?is multipli$ by #e 7:i*1 consid]+ ! numb] ( p]sons except$1 mu/ be "u ! tru?7 w am\nt to #g1bjj1jjj = ! total ( our p4 ,b ,i d>e n build any ?+ ^u ?is computation1 z _m p>ts ( ! nation may h heavi] quota's laid ^u !m ?an ! we/ rid+4 ,:e!r ! k+dom is really 9 a decl9+ or increas+ /ate1 is1 9 l mann]1 a problem n to be solv$1 ,i ?9k1 by m]e calculation4 ,if !re happ5s b a small mi/ake 9 ! pr9ciples1 :at is built !reupon w be extremely wide ( ! tru?4 ,if "o might take ! lib]ty to guess by appe>ances1 ,i %\ld ?9k we are greatly increas$ )9 ^! =ty ye>s1 or s9ce ! accession ( ! pres5t ,royal ,family4 ,?is conjecture ,i f\nd ^u ! great facility1 ) :i* ! gov]nm5t raises m51 comp>$ to ! viol5t me?ods made use ( 9 ,k+ ,william's & ,que5 ,anne's "t4 ,inde$ ,i am s5sible1 t :5 ! great ease1 ) :i* ! gov]nm5t raises money1 & ! l[ int]e/ x pays1 h be5 urg$ 9 ! ,h\se ( ,commons1 z evid5t pro(s ( a fl\ri%+ trade1 & pl5ty ( ca%1 x has con/antly be5 answ]$ by a g5tleman1 :o und]/&s ^! matt]s bett] ?an any body else1 t !y are r pro(s ( a want ( trade1 & t p d n "k :at to d ) _! money4 ,9 ! same mann] x may be answ]$1 t ! great facility1 ) :i* ! gov]nm5t raises soldi]s1 is n ow+ s mu* to ! great pl5ty ( m51 z to ! want ( employm5t3 :i* x is possible may really be ! case4 ,b :]e c]ta9ty may be _h1 x is trifl+ to talk ( appe>ances & conjectures4 ,= a c5tury n[ pa/1 ! ,engli% way ( philosophis+ 7& all ! re/ ( ! _w is come into x7 is n to sit d[n 9 "o's /udy1 & =m an hypo!sis1 & !n /rive to wre/ all nature to x2 b to look abroad into ! _w1 & see h[ nature works2 & !n to build ^u c]ta9 matt] ( fact4 ,9 compliance ) ?is noble me?od1 ,i h done all 9 my p[]3 ,i h exam9$ ! regi/]s ( sev]al neighb\r+ p>i%es1 & s5d y ! sub/ance ( ?ree ( ! mo/ p]fect ones4 ,inde$1 ,i c\ld h add$ sev]al o!rs2 b z !y seem to h be5 n[ & !n neglect$1 ,i did n c>e to tru/ to !m4 ,h[ev]1 ?is ,i c safely d$uce f !m2 viz4 t :at ,i h "h s5t w be a prop] /&>d = ^! p>ts3 & if o!r g5tlem5 w\ld take ! l pa9s 7& x is next to no?+7 9 f\r or five p>i%es 9 ea* c\nty1 & 9 e great t[n1 we might p]ceive1 by "o ca/ ( ! eye1 :e!r our p are 9 an ebb+ or fl[+ /ate4 ,i h n set d[n ! burials1 z t w\ld b h emb>rass$ ! table2 & ! increase w appe> v well )\t !m4 ,h[ev]1 ^u an av]age ( all ! p>i%es ,i h exam9$1 ! proportion ( ! burials to ! baptisms is z #hc to #adi1d4 ,lamb\rn4 ,wel=d4 ,%ef=d4 ,total4 ,f #afad to #afbc inclus4 #cbg #fg #fi #dfc #afbd to #afcc ---- #dja #fb #fd #ebg #afcd to #afdc ---- #cia #aai #hf #eif #affb to #afga ---- #dda #adf #ic #fhj #afgb to #afha ---- #chj #acb #ajh #fbj #afhb to #afia ---- #dea #bja #aab #gfd #afib to #agja ---- #cff #acd #hh #ehh #agjb to #agaa ---- #chg #acg #hd #fjh #agab to #agba ---- #dbb #aga #ig #fij #agbb to #agca ---- #dhc #aef #ajf #gde #agcb to #agda ---- #egh #bje #abh #iaa #agdb to #agea ---- #eff #bec #acg #ief #ageb to #agef ---- #cdi #abj #fd #ecc ,?is table /&s 9 ne$ ( no rem>ks3 x speaks l\d en\gh ( itself1 t our p increase 9 a v rapid mann]4 ,all ,i %all take ! lib]ty ( obs]v+ f x is1 t all ! regi/]s ,i h look$ ov] seem to res5t ! wret*$ policy ( ,k+ ,*>les ,,ii4 :o submitt$ himself & k+dom too mu* to a p[]ful neighb\r3 & t our civil w> _h no effect ^u our numb]s1 9 comp>ison to our =eign w>s4 ,i tru/1 t ! v +5i\s au?or ( ! politico-ari?metical lett]s1 ,i h all along _h my eye ^u1 w take no (f5ce1 if ,i recomm5d an article or two advanc$ by him to be reconsid]$2 :i*1 if pursu$1 might p]haps induce "s small errors 9 gov]nm5t4 ,! fir/ is1 ,t all ways to increase our p w\ld be = ! public welf>e1 ev5 ! naturalize+ ( =eign]s3 :]eas1 if ,i rememb] "r1 all political writ]s lay x d[n z a maxim1 t numb]s ( p )\t employm5t are a burd5 & disease to ! body politic2 & :]e !re is full employm5t1 !re ! p multiply ( c\rse4 ,s t we %\ld n measure ! happ9ess ( ! nation by ! numb] ( m\?s1 b by ! numb] ( h&s4 ,nay1 if we 7 to import a quantity ( =eign]s we mu/ imm$iately re-export !m1 z we actually did 9 ! case ( ! ,palat9es & ,saltzburgh]s4 ,inde$1 ,i _c d5y1 b t if ! new-com]s 7 to br+ new trades ) !m1 !y w\ld be welcome3 ?o' ,i appreh5d x is n an easy matt] to f9d out _m new manufactures4 ,i c at pres5t ?9k ( no?+ b ! cambrick bus9ess2 & t1 ) a little enc\ragem5t1 might be e/abli%$ 9 ei!r ,scotl& or ,irel&1 )\t ! importation ( /rang]s4 ,! next ?+ ,i propose to be rum9at$ is ! ass]tion1 ,t our comm]ce at sea is "o cause ( ! decay ( our f5cible m53 :i* s\nds 9 my e> l say+1 t if we _h less trade1 we %\ld h m p4 ,& if ?is is ! purport ( x1 ,i am afraid x is a p>adox1 lit]ally s call$4 ,t emigrations to our colonies d less5 our numb]s 9 appe>ance1 is beyond dispute3 b !n x is only 9 appe>ance3 = if employm5t begets p1 ! fill+ our plantations mu/ increase u beyond imag9ation1 x hav+ be5 made out1 if ,i misrememb] n1 t e man rightly occupi$ 9 ,am]ica f9ds employm5t = ?ree p]sons 9 ,old ,engl&4 ,b !n c>e %\ld be tak51 t ! plant]s 7 g5]ally employ$ 9 rais+ r\gh mat]ials2 & t e ?+ import$ !re 7 manufactur$ by ourselves2 because1 if we settle colonies1 & !n supply !m ) ,ea/-,india /uffs & =eign l95s1 x is nei!r bett] nor worse ?an be+ at a va/ exp5ce to ma9ta9 o!r p's poor4 ,i _c conclude )\t begg+ leave to obs]ve1 t ?is g5tleman's doctr9e is1 f beg9n+ to end1 to say ! be/ ( x1 ill tim$4 ,we are cont5d+ ) our h]$it>y enemy1 ! mo/ p[]ful pr9ce 9 ! _w1 n = sup]iority1 b = indep5d5ce1 pro aris et focis4 ,&1 at su* a "t z ?is1 to be told1 t we are b little bett] ?an half peopl$1 & ! few we h dw9dl+ away e day1 is inde$ v disc\rage+3 :]eas1 on ! contr>y1 ,i d n balance "o mom5t to decl>e x1 z my fixt p]suasion1 t we c sp>e #ajj1jjj brisk "y fell[s1 & /ill be ! mo/ popul\s fl\ri%+ nation 9 ,europe4 ,i am1 ,rev]5d ,sir1 ,y\r affectionate ,bro!r1 & v humble ,s]vant1 ,ri*>d ,=/]4 ,,lviii4 ,a ,lett] to ! ,"r ,hon\rable ! ,e>l ( ,macclesfield1 ,presid5t ( ! ,royal ,society1 f ! ,rev4 ,william ,brak5ridge1 ,d4,d4 ,f4,r4,s4 conta9+ an ,answ] to ! ,acc\nt ( ! ,numb]s & ,increase ( ! ,p ( ,engl&1 by ! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,=/]4 ,read ,m>4 #af1 #ageh4 ,my ,"l1 ,z ,i endeav\r$1 at a =m] meet+ ( ! ,society1 to answ] ex-tempore "s objections (f]$ by a ,g5tleman 9 ! c\ntry1 to :at ,i h wrote conc]n+ ! numb] ( p 9 ,engl&2 ,i n[ presume to s5d y :at ,i said !n 9 writ+1 ) "s f>!r reflections4 ,& ?is subject ,i nev] int5d$ to h m$dl$ ) any m2 b z ,i seem to be call$ ^u1 to def5d :at ,i h =m]ly wrote1 ,i hope ,i %all be excus$ if ,i briefly attempt x4 ,y\r ,lord%ip1 ,i "k1 & our illu/ri\s ,body only desire a fair repres5tation ( facts1 :i* is ! gr\nd ( all philosophical inquiries2 & !re=e ,i %all endeav\r to d ?is1 z f> z ,i c1 )\t reg>d+ any hypo!sis4 ,my design1 :5 ,i fir/ ent]$ on ?is subject1 0 to discov] :e!r our p 7 9 an increas+ or decreas+ /ate1 ) reg>d to _! numb]s2 :i* ,i ?\ght ( great importance to be kn[n1 because ( its influ5ce on ! affairs ( ,gov]nm5t1 9 det]m9+ our /r5g?1 9 settl+ ( taxes1 & direct+ u 9 ! conomy & imploym5t ( our p4 ,n[1 9 ord] to proce$ 9 ?is inquiry1 x 0 evid5t to me1 t if ! numb] ( h\ses 7 exactly kn[n1 ! numb] ( p w\ld be ne>ly asc]ta9$4 ,& !re=e ,i att5d$ to ?is1 to f9d out ! numb] ( h\ses1 z ! only ?+ t c\ld ) any c]ta9ty help u to judge ( ?is matt]4 ,& accord+ly1 be+ resolv$ to dep5d only ^u ! mo/ sure1 & g5]al obs]vations1 ,i appli$ to a public (fice1 :]e ,i ?\ght ,i might possibly get at _! numb]4 ,& ,i !re f\nd1 t f ! la/ survey t 0 made1 s9ce ! ye> #agej1 !re 7 #fij1gjj h\ses 9 ,engl& & ,wales t paid ! w9d[-tax1 & ! two-%ill+ duty on h\ses2 besides cottages t paid no?+4 ,by cottages are und]/ood ^? :o nei!r pay to *ur* or poor1 & are1 by act ( p>liam5t 9 #agdg1 9 consid]ation ( ! pov]ty ( ! p1 decl>$ to be exempt$ bo? f ! tax & ! two-%ill+s duty1 & !y only rema9 n accurately kn[n1 to asc]ta9 ! :ole numb] ( h\ses4 ,h[ev]1 !y are s f> kn[n1 t f all ! acc\nts t are hi!rto giv5 91 !y d n appe> to be s _m z #cjj1jjj2 & f :at ,i myself h se51 9 ! books ( t (fice1 ,i %\ld ?9k !y 7 n mu* above #bjj1jjj2 = 9 "s places1 t ,i 0 p]fectly acqua9t$ )1 ,i f\nd _m ( ! day lab\r]s rat$ to ! two-%ill+s duty1 & !re did n appe> to be "o h\se 9 t5 omitt$4 ,& !re=e1 if !re are n #cjj1jjj cottages1 z seems pla9 to me1 !re _c be a million ( h\ses 9 ! :ole 9 ,engl& & ,wales2 & ! rat$ h\ses are to ! cottages m ?an two to "o2 ( bo? :i*1 accord+ to ! returns made1 !re is n[ ab\t "o 9 sev5te5 or #eh1hjj empty ?r\gh\t ! k+dom4 ,b if we 7 to all[1 t !re are a million ( h\ses 9 ! :ole2 :i* is m ?an ! ,g5tlem5 9 ! above m5tion$ (fice believe1 & !n d$uct ^? t are empty1 !re c\ld n be above #ida1bjj inhabit$ h\ses2 & consequ5tly suppos+ six to a h\se1 ab\t #e1fdg1bjj p1 or ne> ab\t five millions & an half2 :i* at ! utmo/1 is :at ,i insi/ on to be ! real numb]4 ,b n[ ! ,g5tleman1 :o objects to my calculations1 ?9ks1 t ,i h made ! numb] ( h\ses too few1 & t 9 ! :ole !re are above #a1djj1jjj h\ses1 ( :i* he imag9es !re are m ?an #gjj1jjj cottages2 = he supposes !m to be m ?an ! rat$ h\ses2 & f !nce he inf]s1 t !re are ab\t sev5 millions & an half ( p1 9 ,engl& & ,wales2 :i* ,i wi%1 ) all my he>t1 0 ! true numb]3 ,b ,i am s f> f ?9k+ t ,i h "u-rat$ !m1 t ,i suspect ,i h r made !m m ?an !y are4 ,h[ev]1 ?is controv]sy w soon be det]m9$1 !re be+ n[ ord]s giv51 z ,i am in=m$1 to all ! ,(fic]s conc]n$ 9 ! w9d[-tax1 to make an exact return ( all ! cottages1 z well z ! rat$ h\ses1 9 ea* ( _! sev]al di/ricts4 ,9 ! mean "t1 ! ,g5tleman & ,i diff] 9 ?is1 t he supposes above #djj1jjj cottages m ?an ,i c possibly imag9e4 ,let u n[ see ^u :at gr\nds1 & by :at me?od ( reason+ he det]m9es 8 numb]s4 ,he makes a division ( ! #fij1jjj tax$ h\ses into ?ree classes1 plac+ #bjj1jjj ( !m 9 ! op5 c\ntry & villages1 & #bjj1jjj 9 ! m>ket & inf]ior t[ns1 & ! next1 viz4 #bij1jjj1 9 ! cities & great t[ns2 =1 :i* division he has no?+ to direct him2 no pro(1 nor ev5 probability4 ,& z x is a m]e arbitr>y supposition1 all reason+ & calculations f\nd$ ^u x are no?+ to ! purpose1 & ! numb] ( h\ses or p comptu$ f !nce mu/ be false or unc]ta94 ,b yet1 ^u ?is supposition1 z if x 0 absolutely c]ta91 he goes on to compute ! h\ses & p 9 ea* division4 ,z to ! fir/1 he says he has c\nt$ all ! h\ses 9 n9e contigu\s p>i%es 9 ,b]k%ire1 9 :i*1 he has f\nd ! :ole numb] to be #ehh1 & ^? *>g$ to ! duty to be only #agg2 & !re=e ! cottages are to ! rat$ h\ses z #daa to #agg1 or above1 two to "o4 ,& f ?is he assumes1 t ! :ole numb] ( h\ses ?ro' ! villages & op5 c\ntry 9 ,engl& w be to ! cottages ne>ly 9 ! same proportion4 ,b "h ,i am surpris$1 t he %\ld reason 9 s loose & an inaccurate a mann]4 ,=1 z !re may be #gjjj p>i%es 9 ! villages & op5 c\ntry1 to inf] f ! numb]s 9 n9e ( !m t are contigu\s1 & t all ( !m toge!r d n make a v l>ge p>i%1 _m be+ mu* l>g] z to ! numb] ( h\ses1 & :]e !re may be p>ticul> circum/ances2 ,i say1 to inf] f !m :at ! proportion w be 9 all p>i%es1 9 ! villages & op5 c\ntry1 is ! same way ( reason+ z to say1 because ! poor 9 "o p>i% are 9 su* a proportion1 !re=e !y are s 9 #ajjj p>i%es1 or ?ro' f\r or five c\nties3 :]eas x is pla91 t ! proportion diff]s almo/ 9 e p>i%1 & 9 e c\nty2 & ! sum ( all mu/ be add$ toge!r1 be=e we c "k :at ! real proportion is4 ,& no?+ c be inf]r$ f ! circum/ances ( a few p>i%es1 or ev5 ( a ,c\nty1 :at ! proportion w be 9 ! :ole4 ,& yet1 f su* prec>i\s & vague reason+ he presumes to compute1 t !re are above #dfj1jjj cottages 9 ! villages & op5 c\ntry2 hav+ assum$1 )\t any hesitation1 t !re are #bjj1jjj rat$ h\ses 9 t ext5t4 ,su* reason+ is unusual 9 philosophical inquiries4 ,9 l mann] ! ,g5tleman reasons v inaccurately ab\t 8 second division1 conta9+ ! less] m>ket & c\ntry t[ns1 hav+ suppos$ 9 !m #bjj1jjj tax$ h\ses3 ,= f "o in/ance ( ! m>ket t[n ( ,langborne1 hav+ f\nd ! :ole numb] ( h\ses to be to ! cottages z #dde to #bbi1 or ! rat$ homes to ! cottages z #baf to #bbi1 he supposes ! l proportion 9 all ! m>ket t[ns4 ,t is1 ?o' !re be p]haps above #cjj m>ket t[ns 9 ,engl&1 he supposes ea* ( !m has ! same proportion ( ! poor 9 x z ! s+le t[n ( ,langborne2 :i* is unreasonable to imag9e4 ,= e "o ( !m may h a diff]5t proportion1 accord+ to ! v>i\s circum/ances ( _! trade & situation4 ,b yet f ?is /range & unc]ta9 way ( reason+1 )\t any induction1 & f "o in/ance among #cjj cases at lea/1 he concludes by proportion1 t !re are #chh1fdf h\ses 9 ! c\ntry m>ket t[ns1 ( :i* !re are #ahh1fdf cottages1 besides ^? 9 ! cities & great t[ns4 ,9 ! next place1 z to 8 ?ird class1 ! cities & great t[ns1 he all[s1 t my proportion may be among !m1 viz4 t ! rat$ h\ses are to ! cottages z #fij1jjj to #bjj1jjj1 or #fi to #bj3 ,= he ?9ks1 t x _c be any-:]e b 9 ! mo/ fl\ri%+ places4 ,& !re=e1 z he has arbitr>ily plac$ #bfj1jjj tax$ h\ses 9 !m1 he computes t !y mu/ conta9 #hd1jeh cottages4 ,b he has giv5 no pro(1 t my proportion is only 9 ! mo/ fl\ri%+ places1 besides ^! few in/ances t he has produc$2 :i* are no?+ to =m any g5]al conclusion ^u4 ,= if we 7 to be direct$ by a few cases1 we might ?9k t !re 7 mu* few] cottages ?an ,i h all[$4 ,!re are "s p>i%es1 9 :i* !re are none at all4 ,9 ! great p>i%es ( ,/4 ,james's & ,/ ,george's ,we/m9/]1 9 :i* !re are ab\t #gjjj h\ses1 !re are none3 9 ! c\ntry p>i% ( ,*iselh]/ 9 ,k5t1 :]e !re are above #ajj h\ses1 !re are b ?ree3 & 9 _m p>i%es !re is n "o 9 #bj4 ,s t f p>ticul> in/ances1 !re is no?+ to be conclud$4 ,b 9 all ,middlesex1 ,london1 ,we/m9/]1 & ,s\?w>k includ$1 9 :i* ! poor are z num]\s z 9 mo/ places 9 ! k+dom1 because ( ! numb]s ( lab\r+ p t flock hi!r = imploym5t1 !re is ne>ly ! same proportion t ,i h assign$4 ,= f a late survey 9 t di/rict1 z ,i am in=m$1 !re are #hg1fad h\ses 9 ! :ole1 & ( ^! #ai1cbd cottages1 & #dhaj empty4 ,:i* inde$ %ews1 t we are n s popul\s1 9 & ne> ! metropolis1 z is commonly suppos$1 & mu* less ?an ,i _h calculat$ 9 my fir/ lett]3 ,= f ?is acc\nt1 if x be true1 !re are n above #ecj1jjj p 9 t compass2 ( :i*1 )9 ! bills ( mortality1 !re die ab\t #be1jjj ye>ly2 t is1 n less ?an "o 9 #bj4 ,z to :at ! ,g5tleman m5tions conc]n+ ! militia1 he seems to be mu* mi/ak54 ,= if ! proportion be z he says1 t "o 9 #de is levi$1 ?is directly proves ! numb] ( p 9 ,engl& & ,wales to be ab\t five millions & an half1 accord+ to my calculation2 because ! electors or ballot]s are ! f5cible m51 or ^? able to c>ry arms4 ,& if ! :ole levy be #cb1jjj1 !n #de multipli$ by #cb1jjj w give #a1ddj1jjj = all ! f5cible m5 9 ,engl&4 ,b ,dr4 ,halley has cle>ly %ewn1 t ! f5cible m5 are "o qu>t] ( ! :ole p1 *ildr5 includ$2 & !re=e1 f\r times #a1ddj1jjj1 or #e1gfj1jjj1 w be ! :ole numb] ( ! p2 :i* is ne>ly :at ,i h made !m4 ,& ?us1 hav+ se5 h[ he has e/abli%$ 8 numb]s 9 opposition to me1 let u n[1 9 ! next place1 consid] :at he has said ) reg>d to ! increase ( our p4 ,he says1 :e!r ! k+dom is really 9 a decl9+ or increas+ /ate1 is a problem n to be solv$ by calculation3 ,& yet he himself c guess by appe>ances1 t x has greatly increas$ )9 ^! #dj ye>s4 ,b1 by 8 good leave ,i mu/ tell him1 t x is a problem 9 political ari?metic to be solv$ f "s data1 z well z o!rs4 ,if ! numb] ( p be ne>ly f\nd1 & ! g5]al proportion ( bir?s to burials1 at an av]age1 ?ro' ! k+dom be kn[n1 ) ! annual losses ( our f5cible m51 at a mod]ate computation2 f ^! data1 ,i say1 any "o1 :o und]/&s numb]s1 w easily det]m9e :e!r we are increas+ or decreas+4 ,& accord+ly1 ,i h %ewn1 t ! annual increm5t ( our f5cible m5 is n mu* above #hjjj1 :i* numb] is consum$ by our annual losses2 & !re=e we are n 9 an increas+ /ate4 ,= ! :ole numb] ( p mu/ always be 9 proportion to ! f5cible m52 s t1 if !re is no increase ( !m1 !re c be none ^u ! :ole4 ,x is true1 ,i am ! fir/ :o v5tur$ ^u a solution ( ?is "q2 b :5 ,i consid] :at ,i h done1 ,i _c see b t ! pr9ciples ^u :i* ,i reason$ are "r4 ,! data are1 ,i ?9k1 exact en\gh to discov] our /ate4 ,& ,dr4 ,halley's rule to compute ! f5cible m51 :]e our losses are to be reckon$1 is und\bt$ly true4 ,s t if !re is any difficulty1 x is 9 fix+ ! g5]al proportion betwe5 bir?s & burials1 ?ro' ! k+dom1 viz4 #aab to #ajj2 :i* ,i h tak5 f ,dr4 ,d]ham1 :o _h collect$ _m obs]vations2 be+ a great] proportion ?an ,sir ,william ,petty all[$4 ,& :i* if x is ?\ght too small1 x is to be consid]$1 t )9 ! bills ( mortality ! bir?s are mu* "u ! burials z #d to #e2 & 9 "s ( ! great t[ns !re are few] bir?s ?an burials1 & 9 o!rs !y are ne>ly equal2 s t ^! r$uce ! proportion t arises f ! villages & op5 c\ntry4 ,b if we 7 to make a calculation f ! bir?s & burials1 only 9 ! villages & op5 c\ntry2 :i* ,dr4 ,d]ham has f\nd to be at an av]age z #aag to #ajj1 or ne>ly z #g to #f2 & suppose ?is to obta9 all ov] ,brita9 & ,irel&1 9 ! t[ns z well z ! c\ntry1 :i* is surely m ?an ! tru?2 we %all !n f9d1 t ! annual increm5t _c be m ?an #ijjj f5cible m52 :i* corroborates my =m] e/imate4 ,=1 to compute x by ! pr9ciples ,i h =m]ly endeav\r$ to e/abli%2 let ! numb] ( our p 9 ,brita9 & ,irel& be eight millions & an half1 t is1 five & an half 9 ,engl& & ?ree millions 9 ,scotl& & ,irel&2 because "s ,iri% ,g5tlem5 h assur$ me1 f "s facts1 t !re is half a million m 9 _! c\ntry ?an ,i =m]ly all[$2 = ,i did n pret5d to calculate !m2 & !n ! annual numb] ( ! dead1 9 ,brita9 & ,irel&1 be+ "o 9 #dj1 w be ab\t #bab1ejj2 :i* w be to ! bir?s z1 #ajj to #aag3 ,& !re=e ! bir?s mu/ be #bdh1fbe1 & ! increase #cf1abe2 ( :i* ! f\r? "p is ab\t #ijjj = ! f5cible m51 :i* ,i am p]suad$ is m ?an ! real numb]4 ,n[ let any "o compute our losses 9 ! mod]ate way t ,i h done1 & he w easily see1 t !y _c be less ?an ?is numb]2 & consequ5tly we are f> f increas+4 ,& inde$ x is evid5t f ! numb] ( empty h\ses ?ro' ! k+dom1 m5tion$ above1 viz4 "o 9 sev5te51 or #eh1jjj1 & "o 9 twelve ( ^? t are tax$ )9 ! bills ( mortality4 ,= x is impossible1 if we 7 increas+1 t !re c\ld be s _m empty2 ,& !re=e ! appe>ance ( s mu* build+ is only ! effect ( our luxury1 requir+ l>g]1 m conv5i5t1 & m elegant h\ses1 & n caus$ by our increase4 ,h[ev]1 ! ,g5tleman objects to all ?is1 & says1 t he has exam9$ ! ,regi/]s ( "s neighb\r+ p>i%es1 & p>ticul>ly ( ?ree t are p]fect2 & he f9ds1 t ! burials are to ! baptisms z #hc to #adi2 :i* may possibly be ! case1 z ,i myself h kn[n x 9 "o p>i% 9 ! ,isle ( ,wight1 :]e ! place is heal?y1 & p g5]ally m>ry4 ,b does he imag9e t ?is proportion is g5]al all ov] ,engl&8 ,if s1 we %\ld increase 9 a rapid mann] inde$6 = !n we %\ld d\ble our p 9 #ce ye>s1 if x 7 n = our losses2 :i* no reasonable man w v5ture to say4 ,he does n reflect1 t 9 _m c\ntry places1 f _! bad situation1 !re is v little increase1 & 9 "s t[ns none at all1 & 9 o!rs a decrease1 cont9ually suppli$ f ! neighb\r+ c\ntry4 ,)9 ! bills ( mortality !re are annually #ejjj burials m ?an ! bir?s2 & consequ5tly1 to ma9ta9 our numb]s "h1 !re mu/ be a ye>ly supply ( #ejjj2 :i* de/roys ! :ole increase ( six or sev5 c\nties4 ,& ,dr4 ,d]ham f\nd1 f ! acc\nts he _h ( c\ntry p>i%es1 t 9 g5]al among !m ! proportion ( bir?s to burials 0 n great] ?an #aag to #ajj1 z we m5tion$ above2 s t no?+ c be conclud$ f p>ticul> heal?y places4 ,! "q is1 :at is ! result ^u ! :ole ?ro' ! k+dom8 :at is ! g5]al proportion ( ! bir?s to burials1 f :i* ! increase is to be e/imat$8 & :i* ,sir ,william ,petty says is #aaa to #ajj1 & ,dr4 ,d]ham z #aab to #ajj4 ,see if he c disprove ^! numb]s by putt+ toge!r all ! diff]5t acc\nts f e corn]1 among ! t[ns z well z ! c\ntry2 & if he _c1 to argue only f a few in/ances is no?+ to ! purpose2 = :]e !re is a multitude ( diff]5t cases1 !y mu/ all be consid]$1 to arrive at ! g5]al tru?4 ,b ev5 9 ! p>ticul>s he m5tions1 he has n complet$ 8 argum5t2 =1 to make x conclusive1 he %\ld h %ewn1 t1 )9 ^! la/ =ty ye>s1 ! "t1 he ?9ks1 ( our great increase1 9 ^? p>i%es ! numb] ( h\ses or p 7 increas$1 9 proportion almo/ z ! bir?s 7 above ! burials1 z #adi to #hc3 & if t _c be made to appe>1 x is pla91 t1 = all he has said1 ! annual increase may be con/antly consum$ by our losses4 ,& n[ ! wor?y ,g5tleman hav+ endeav\r$ to %ew1 f ! case ( a few p>i%es 9 ! c\ntry1 t we are 9 an increas+ /ate1 he proce$s to give me 8 s]i\s advice 9 two p>ticul>s3 ,fir/1 ,t ,i w\ld reconsid] a proposition advanc$ by me1 ,t all reasonable ways ( increas+ our p1 ev5 to ! naturaliz+ ( =eign]s1 w\ld be = ! public welf>e4 ,9 answ] to :i* k9d admonition ,i mu/ say1 t ,i h (t5 consid]$ ! ?+1 z f> z ,i c2 & ,i ?9k ?is may be easily %ewn aga9/ any political writ]4 ,t x is ! int]e/ ( a gov]nm5t1 :5 !y h p[]ful & dang]\s neighb\rs1 to increase _! p by all reasonable means1 ev5 to ! invit+ ( =eign]s1 s f> z ! natural produce ( ! c\ntry c su/a9 !m2 & t x is ! fault or weakness ( an adm9i/ration n to be able to employ !m4 ,& 9 ,brita91 :]e !y c h ! assi/ance ( ! produce ( s _m l>ge & fruitful c\ntries ( _! own 9 ,am]ica1 ,i w v5ture to say1 t x is an error 9 _! policy1 n to endeav\r to increase _! p2 by :i* !y might be m =midable1 & p]haps /rong] ?an _! gr& ,enemy4 ,! pres5t ,k+ ( ,prussia has %ewn ! utility ( ?is )9 8 dom9ions2 by :i* he has be5 enabl$ to make su* a figure 9 ,europe4 ,! second ?+ he admoni%es me to reconsid] is1 ,t ,i h suppos$ our comm]ce to be "o cause ( ! loss ( our f5cible m54 ,& :o 9 ! _w d\bts ( x1 b himself6 ,d %ipwrecks1 ! disa/]s & inclem5cy ( ! sea1 ! scurvy1 c4 beget p8 ,b he w say1 )\t ^! we c\ld n h trade1 :i* employs great numb]s ( our p2 & !re=e1 :at we lose1 we may ga9 ano!r way4 ,& j s he may say ( our w>s1 t occasion ! de/ruction ( s _m ( our p1 t !y are no loss to u2 = we ga9 by !m 9 _! consequ5ces1 9 secur+ ( our lib]ties & prop]ty1 & by :i* our trade is pres]v$ & promot$4 ,b not)/&+ ?is1 c x be said1 t w> does n dim9i% our f5cible m56 ,! tru? is1 trade increases ri*es1 & gives m ( ! conv5i5ces ( life1 & br+s luxury along ) x2 b x does n necess>ily bre$ p3 ,= we see 9 ^? c\ntries :]e !y h little trade1 ! p increase mu* fa/] ?an !y d ) u1 z appe>s f ! ,bills ( mortality 9 ,prussia2 :]e ! g5]al proportion ( ! bir?s to ! burials is great] ?an x is "h1 viz4 #d to #c2 & by :i* ! p might d\ble 9 #hd ye>s1 if x 7 n = _! losses4 7,vid4 ,phil4 ,trans4 vol4 xxxvi47 ,:i* great increase1 by ! way1 easily acc\nts = ^? va/ sw>ms ( p t came f !nce & ! adjac5t c\ntries 9 =m] ages1 & ov] run all ,europe4 ,& !re=e x is n s t]rible a p>adox1 z he imag9es1 t possibly :]e !re is mu* less trade ! p may increase fa/]2 = luxury & o!r vices1 t come ) trade1 d n promote an increase4 ,& n[1 z he has be5 s good z to give me 8 advice1 ,i w return ! fav\r1 & desire him to reconsid] ! me?od ( reason+ by induction2 :i* may possibly help him to escape "s p>alogisms1 9 argu+ ^u ^! subjects4 ,& ,i w\ld likewise recomm5d x to him to inquire dilig5tly1 :e!r ! numb] ( our h\ses 9 ,engl& be increas$ ^! la/ sixty ye>s2 :i*1 accord+ to 8 reason+1 ought at lea/ to be d\bl$3 ,= if !re is no increase ( ! h\ses1 !re c be none ( ! p4 ,to conclude3 ,he adds1 t my doctr9e1 f beg9n+ to end1 to say ! be/ ( x1 is ill-tim$1 :5 we are cont5d+ ) our h]$it>y enemy1 pro aris focis4 ,b "h 8 zeal hurries him on1 t he does n look to ! dates ( my ,lett]s4 ,= ! fir/ ?ree 7 read be=e ! ,society1 & ord]$ to be pr9t$1 long be=e ! w> 0 proclaim$2 & z = ! la/1 x is only a supplem5t to ! re/2 9 :i* ,i h %ewn1 t ,france1 by ! bad conomy ( h] p1 is n 9 an increas+ /ate2 :i*1 ,i ?9k1 is a com=table he>+4 ,b suppos+ !y _h be5 all pr9t$ dur+ ! w>3 ,:at !n8 ,is a fact to be conceal$ t1 if discov]$1 may be useful to prev5t errors 9 gov]nm5t1 & rectify our notions ( ! conomy ( our p8 ,:at advantage c our enemies make ( su* a discov]y8 ,w x enc\rage !m to imag9e t we %all be easi] subdu$1 :5 !y "k1 by ! mo/ mod]ate computation1 we h at lea/ two millions ( f5cible m5 9 our ,briti% isl&s4 ,en\gh1 surely1 to resi/ !m 9 all _! attempts6 ,b ,i d\bt we are n s defici5t 9 our numb]s z 9 public virtue1 )\t :i* ! greate/ multitude may be easily ov]come4 ,& ?us1 my ,"l1 ,i h endeav\r$ to answ] :at ?is ,g5tleman has wrote 9 8 second ,lett]2 = ,i pass ov] ! fir/1 z x does n seem to conta9 any m 9 opposition to me1 ?an :at ,i h "h consid]$4 ,& ^u ! :ole ,i _c see1 t he has said any ?+ to invalidate :at ,i h =m]ly advanc$4 ,if ,i c\ld discov] x1 ,i %\ld be v ready to ackn[lege my error4 ,i am s5sible ,i h made ?is reply too long2 b ,i tru/ y\r usual b5evol5ce to all our wor?y ,memb]s w excuse me1 :o %all always e/eem x an hon\r to be1 ,my ,"l1 ,y\r ,lord%ip's ,mo/ ob$i5t & fai?ful ,s]vant1 ,wm4 ,brak5ridge4 ,sion-,college1 ,m>* #af4 #ageh4 ,,end ( ,,"p ,i4 ,,vol4 ,l4 ,,footnotes3 #a ,nom4 ,etymol4 ad ,calcem4 ,cat4 ,cant4 p4 #dc4 item ,hi/4 ,plant4 p4 #fhj4 #b ,bella-donna dicitur quod imag9ationes non injucundas efficiat1 vel ut hone/e satis ,pl9ius1 quod lusum g5]et4 ,bod4 ,comm5t4 9 ,!ophr4 p4 #ehf quod 9 somnis pul*ras o/5dat virg9es fem9asque4 ,ibid4 p4 #ajgh4 #c ,locis citatis4 #d ,op]4 omnia edit ,c4,b4 p4 #gef4 #e ,ruell4 9 ,dioscor4 p4 #ecf4 #f ,nom9a g5]ica qu ex ,grca vel ,lat9a l+ua radicem non hab5t rejici5da sunt4 #g ,atropos una furi>um4 ,crit4 ,botan4 p4 #ge4 #h ,see ,l94 ,sy/4 ,natur1 edit4 ,lugd4 ,bat4 #agef4 p4 #ig4 ,no4 #bbb4 #i ,mat4 ,m$4 lib4 iv4 cap4 #fi4 #aj ,see ,s5n]t4 lib4 vi4 p>4 #g4 cap4 #i4 #aa ,/irpium ,adv]s>4 p4 #ajc4 #ab ,op]4 ,omn4 p4 #ged4 #ac ,r]um ,scotic>4 lib4 vii4 #ad ,g]4 em4 p4 #cda4 #ae ,page #ehf4 #af ,quadrip>t4 ,botan4 p4 #dhh4 #ag ,cicut4 ,aquat4 ,hi/oria et ,nox4 ,basil4 #agaf4 p4 #bbh4 #ah ,hi/oire de l',academie ,royale4 #agjc4 #ai ,hi/4 ,plant4 ,lugd4 ,bat4 ,hort4 p4 #eaj4 #bj ,= ,augu/ & ,septemb] #agdg1 & = ,sept4 #agdh4 #ba ,page #cbi4 #bb ,raii ,hi/4 ,plant4 ,i4 p4 #fha4 #bc ,enum]at4 ,/irp4 ,helvet4 p4 #ejg4 #bd ,see ,=e/us1 ,etmull]1 & ! old *irurgical writ]s4 #be ,biblio!que des ,sci5ces et des beaux ,arts p\r les mois ,jan4 ,fevr4 ,m>s4 #agee4 #bf ,tib]ii ,lamb]g5 ,lectio inauguralis1 si/]s ,ephem]id5 p]sanati ,c>c9omatis4 ,gron+4 #aged4 #bg ,dr4 ,van ,swiet5 ,comm5t4 9 ,aphor4 ,bo]h4 sect4 #dib4 #bh ,hom4 ,iliad4 #bc4 v4 #hh4 #bi ,ut enim----si hoc f+amus1 esse quasi f9em----ita jac]e talum1 ut rectus assi/at2 qui ita talus erit jactus1 ut cadat rectus----,cic4 de ,f94 ,l4 #c4 4 #af4 ,ed4 ,v]b4 #cj ,vid4 ,daci] n4 on ,hor4 ,l4 ii4 ,od4 #g1 v4 #be1 c4 #ca 4 ,jul4 ,pollux4 ,l4 ix4 c4 #g4 #cb ,quatuor tali jacti casu v5]eum efficiunt4 ,cic4 de ,div4 ,l4 i4 4 #ac4 ,ed4 ,v]b4 #cc ,m>t4 ,l4 xiv4 epig4 #ad4 #cd ,nec regna v9i sorti]e talis4 ,l4 i4 od4 #d4 v4 #ah4 #ce ,quem ,v5us artbitrum dicet bib5di8 ,l4 ii4 od4 #g4 v4 #be4 ,"s ?9k1 t ?is ca/ 0 also nam$ basilicus f ! usage "h m5tion$4 ,sanad4 9 ,loc4 #cf ,prop4 ,l4 iv4 el4 #i4 v4 #ah4 #cg ,jul4 ,pollux4 ,l4 ix4 c4 #g4 ,lub94 on ,p]s4 sat4 #c4 v4 #di1 c4 #ch ----,quid dext] s5io f]ret1 ----,damnosa canicula quantum ,rad]et---- ,p]s4 sat4 #c4 v4 #dh4 #ci ,dial4 4 #dj ,sueton4 ,c4 ,aug4 4 #ga4 #da ,sat4 #c4 v4 #dh4 ,see ,prat4 n4 9 u4 ,delph4 9 loc4 #db ,hor4 ,l4 ii4 sat #g4 v4 #ag4 #dc ,m>t4 ,l4 xiv4 epig4 #af4 #dd ,g]m4 ,ant4 ,mon4 p4 #ch4 #de ,n4 on ,hor4 ,l4 i4 ep4 #bj4 v4 #b4 #df ,mem4 lit4 de l',acad4 des ,inscrip4 ,v4 #i4 #dg ,r]um ,mem4 ,l4 ii4 tit4 #ac4 #dh ,deum ipsum 7,s]apidem7 multi sculapium--quidam ,osirim--pl]ique ,jovem--plurimi ,ditem patrem insignibus1 qu 9 ipso manife/a1 aut p] ambages1 conjectant4 ,tac4 ,84 ,l4 iv4 1 1 1 ,oraculum ,apoll9is apud ,m4,a4 ,caus4 ,museum ,rom4 vol4 ii4 #f4 tab4 #ac4 #di ,antiq4 ,t4 ii4 ,p4 #b4 pl4 #aba1 #abb4 #ej ,porphyr4 apud ,euseb4 ,prp4 ,evang4 ,l4 iv4 c4 #bc4 1 c4 #ea ,suppl4 ,t4 ii4 ,l4 vi4 c4 #aj4 ,tab4 xlviii4 #eb ,montfaucon1 ibid4 #ec ,montfaucon1 ibid4 #ed ,vid4 ,obs]vations sur les ,antiquits d',h]culaneum1 c4 p> ,mess4 ,co*9 ,bellic>d1 p4 #hc1 ,p>is #agee4 #ee ,)9 two miles ( ?is place !re is a /eel ,spaw ( good repute = ! p]=mance ( sev]al extraord9>y cures1 :i* gives ! same t9cture ) galls1 & appe>s 9 e respect to be ! same ) ! wat]1 t fl[s f ?is level4 #ef ,! proportions 7 adju/$ accord+ to ! c>at weights1 z x is by ^!1 t ! f95ess ( gold is usually express$3 ,a c>at is ! tw5ty-f\r? "p ( ! :ole comp\nd3 ?us gold ( s _m c>ats is a composition1 ( :i* s _m tw5ty-f\r?s are f9e gold1 & ! re/ an inf]ior metal4 #eg ,obs]vations sur les ,antiquits d',h]culaneum1 c4 p4 #hb #eh ,= a m p>ticul> acc\nt ( ?is /atue1 n[ 9 ! palace at ,portici1 ,i beg leave to ref] y to a pap] ( m9e read be=e ! ,royal ,society on ,feb4 #bd1 la/4 #ei ,dio4 ,l4 xl4 #fj ,suet4 ,vesp4 c4 #g4 #fa ,= au?orities1 see ,middleton's ,g]mana ,antiq4 ,mon4 p4 #aeb4 #fb ,pl9y 7,l4 ix4 ep4 #ci47 acqua9t+ 8 ar*itect ) 8 purpose to repair a temple ( ,c]es1 :i* 0 ^u 8 e/ate1 says1 ,nullum 9 proximo suffugium aut imbris1 aut solis4 ,videor ergo munifice simul religioseque facturum1 si di1 quam pul*]rimam ex/rux]o1 addid]o porticus3 illam ad usum de1 has ad hom9um4 ,t ^! portico's commonly inclos$ ! :ole site ( ! anci5t temples1 z 9 ?is at ,pozzuoli1 seems impli$ 9 :at foll[s3 ,quantum ad porticus1 nihil int]im occurrit1 quod videatur esse i/9c repet5dum3 nisi tam51 ut =mam secundum rationem loci scribas2 neque enim possunt circumd>i templo3 nam solum templi h9c flum9e--h9c vi c+itur4 #fc ,mess4 ,co*9 & ,bellic>d seem to ?9k ?is room 0 int5d$ = ano!r purpose1 by _! call+ ! funnels "u ! holes 9 ! seats ( x1 conduits des fosses d'aisance4 ,:i* ( ! two hypo!sis's is to be pref]r$1 ,i submit to ! judgm5t ( ! le>n$2 or r1 :e!r bo? ( !m may n be admitt$1 z 9 no-wise incompatible ! "o ) ! o!r4 #fd ,vitruvius ,lib4 iii4 cap4 #c4 ,gradus 9 fronte ita con/itu5di sunt1 uti s9t semp] imp>es3 namque cum dextro p$e primus gradus asc5datur1 item 9 templo primus erit pon5dus4 #fe ,! le>n$ ,abbate de ,v5uti1 ,f4,r4,s4 & ,antiqu>y to ! ,pope at ,rome1 has lately by lett] fav\r$ me ) an +5i\s acc\nt ( ?is phnom5on2 ?o' he m5tions ! granite columns only z affect$ by x4 ,cm column1 qu circumibant templum1 excav>5tur e t]r1 qu erant p>tim abrut----m9utissim con*1 qu ex te/aceorum g5]e sunt1 atque 9 saxorum rimulis prope m>e rep]iuntur1 ideoque a vulgo ,trutti di ,m>e appellat1 columnas hasce 7i4 e4 ,!baicas7 quam spissim p]=av]ant1 sese compon5tes1 veluti apes 9 alve>i1 cm ess5t sejunct integum5tis ex ipso lapide subtilissimis4-- #ff ,vid4 p4 #afh4 #fg ,nec alius a sive sole e/ 1 sive 1 vel 4 ,qu vox 7ut suspicor7 conflata ex ,dutz et ,aretz4 ,quorum prius 7gaudium7 alt]um notat 7t]ram7 ut notat ltitiam t]r1 sive mortalium4 ,nam ,lib] sive sol ltiti implet mortales1 matur&o fruges1 et uvas1 unde de v9o sic ,m>o1 ,mun]a ltitiamque ,dei4 n4 i4 ,dus>em v] esse ,arabum num5 indicat locus ille ,t]tulliani 9 ,apolog4 c4 #bd4 8,unicuique etiam prov9ci et civitati suus deus e/4 ,ut ,syri ,a/>tes2 ut ,arabi ,dis>es40 ,etiam apud ,/ephanum sive ,h]molaum ,byzantium---- 4 4 ----,vossius de ,idololat4 ,l4 ii4 c4 #h4 #fh ,nicol4 ,haym ,roman4 ,del4 ,tesor4 ,britan4 ,vol4 ii4 p4 #cf1 #cg4 ,9 ,londra1 #agbj4 #fi ,j4 ,foy ,vaill4 9 ,arsacid4 ,imp]4 ,p>isiis1 #agbh4 ,numism4 ,antiqu4 ,collect4 a ,?om4 ,pembro*4 et ,montis ,gom]4 ,com4 ,p4 #b4 ,t4 #gf4 ,nicol4 ,haym ,roman4 ubi sup4 p4 #cj-ch4 #gj ,montfauc4 ,palograph4 ,grc4 p4 #abc1 #abd1 #abe4 ,p>isiis1 #agjh4 #ga ,idem ibid4 #gb ,j4 ,foy ,vaill4 ubi sup4 #gc ,j4 ,foy ,vaill4 ubi sup4 p4 #cce1 #cda4 #gd ,montfauc4 ubi sup4 p4 #aah1 #aai4 ,hadrian4 ,rel&4 ,pal/94 ,illu/rat4 ,tom4 ii4 p4 #ajad1 #ajae1 #ajee4 ,trajecti ,batavorum1 #agad4 ,i h a ,lat9 diss]tation 9 ! press "h1 almo/ pr9t$ (f1 conta9+ an explication ( a consid]able numb] ( co9s ( ,tyre & ,sidon1 ) ,phnician leg5ds ^u !m4 #ge ,de ,num4 quibusd4 ,sam4 et ,phn4 c4 ,diss]t4 p4 #ec-ef4 ,oxon4 #agej4 #gf ,philosoph4 ,transact4 ,vol4 xlix4 p4 #eic-fjg4 #gg ,philosoph4 ,transact4 ,vol4 xlviii4 p4 #fic4 #gh ,philosoph4 ,transact4 ,vol4 xlviii4 p4 #fic1 #gdj4 #gi ,philosoph4 ,transact4 ubi sup4 #hj ,philosoph4 ,transact4 ibid4 #ha ,philosoph4 ,transact4 ubi sup4 p4 #fic1 #gdj4 #hb ,*>d4 ,voyages en ,p]se1 c4 ,tom4 iii4 p4 #aai4 ,a ,am/]dam #agaa4 ,philosoph4 ,transact4 ,vol4 xlix4 p4 99#eig1 99#eih4 #hc ,t ! plural t]m9ation ( ,,pade%ah1 or ,,%ah1 :i*1 accord+ to ,khojah ,asdhalo'ddn1 d5ot$ orig9ally ! same ?+1 0 ,,an1 or p]haps ,,ane1 9 ! days ( ,ammianus ,m>cell9us1 !re is good reason to believe2 ! ^w ,,saansaa1 ,,k+ ,,( ,,k+s1 hav+ be5 !n us$ by ! ,p]sians1 & h&$ d[n to u by t au?or4 ,! t]m 1 ,,saa1 equival5t to ! ,p]sic ,,%ah1 ,,k+1 likewise occurs 9 ,aga?ias1 a writ] ( ! six? c5tury4 ,%\ld my explication ( ! ,p>?ian leg5d ( ! co9 be=e me meet ) ! approbation ( ! le>n$1 x w p]haps be grant$ me1 t ! plural ( ,,pade%ah1 or ,,pade%a1 among/ ! ,p>?ians 0 ,,pade%an1 if n ,,pade%ane1 9 ! second c5tury aft] ,,*ri/4 ,hyd4 ,hi/4 ,rel4 ,vet4 ,p]s4 p4 #daf4 ,khojah ,asdhalo'ddn1 ,d',h]bel4 ,biblio?4 ,ori5t4 p4 #gfg4 ,hadr4 ,rel&4 ,diss]t4 viii4 de ,vet4 ,l+4 ,p]s4 p4 #bba1 #bbb4 ,ammian4 ,m>cell94 ,lib4 xix4 cap4 #b4 ,aga?4 ,lib4 iv4 p4 #ace1 #acf4 ,p>isiis1 #affj4 ,eze*4 ,spanhem4 ,de ,pr/ant4 et ,u4 ,numism4 ,antiquor4 ,tom4 i4 p4 #dfc-dff4 ,lond4 #agjf4 #hd ,hyd4 ,hi/4 ,rel4 ,vet4 ,p]s4 p4 #gi4 ,oxon4 #agjj4 #he ,d',h]bel4 ,biblio?4 ,ori5t4 p4 #fii1 #gfg4 ,hyd4 ubi sup4 ,hadr4 ,rel&4 ,diss]t4 viii4 de ,vet4 ,l+4 ,p]s4 p4 #adg4 ,trajecti ad ,rh5um1 #agjg4 #hf ,hyd4 ubi sup4 p4 #cbf4 #hg ,hyd4 ubi sup4 p4 #ah1 #cab4 #hh ,mat?4 ,hill]4 ,onoma/4 ,sacr4 p4 #fai4 ,hadr4 ,rel&4 ubi sup4 p4 #bei-bfb4 #hi ,nicol4 ,haym ,roman4 ubi sup4 p4 #cc4 #ij ,j4 ,foy ,vaill4 ,nicol4 ,haym ,roman4 ubi sup4 alib4 #ia ,e/h4 c4 x4 v4 #a4 #ib ,scalig4 ,prolegom4 9 ,lib4 de ,em5d4 ,temp4 p4 #da4 ,col4 ,allobrog4 #afbi4 ,c4 ,isag4 s4 #cag4 ,mat?4 ,hill]4 ubi sup4 p4 #fai1 #fbj4 #ic ,moses ,*or55s4 ,hi/4 ,arm54 ,lib4 ii4 iii4 ,!ophil4 ,sigefr4 ,bay]4 ,hi/4 ,osrho54 c4 p4 #ig4 ,petropoli1 #agcd4 #id ,h]odot4 ,lib4 iv4 c4 #hg4 #ie ,epiphan4 ,adv4 ,hr4 ,lib4 ii4 ,tom4 ii4 p4 #fbi4 ,p>is4 #afbb4 #if ,j4 ,foy ,vaill4 ubi sup4 p4 #cci4 #ig ,maffeius1 9 ,gall4 ,antiqu4 ,qud4 ,select4 ,epi/4 #bb4 p4 #ajf4 ,p>isiis1 #agcc4 #ih ,j4 ,foy ,vaill4 ubi sup4 p4 #ccd1 #cce1 #ccf1 #cci4 #ii ,dio1 ,lib4 lxxi4 p4 #hjb4 ,imp]ator4 ,romanor4 ,numism4 c4 ,/ud4 ,cur4 ,francisc4 ,m$iob>b4 ,birag4 p4 #bah4 ,j4 ,foy ,vaill4 ,c4 ,*ronologic4 ,reg4 ,p>?or4 p4 #da4 #ajj ,jul4 ,capitol94 9 ,m4 ,anton94 ,philos4 et 9 ,v]4 #aja ,imp]ator4 ,romanor4 ,numism4 c4 ,/ud4 ,cur4 ,francisc4 ,m$iob>b4 ,birag4 ,s4,r4,i4 ,com4 c4 p4 #bbj4 ,m$iolani1 #afhc4 #ajb ,j4 ,foy ,vaill4 ubi sup4 9 ,arsacid4 ,imp]4 p4 #cch4 #ajc ,dio1 ,lib4 lxxv4 p4 #hec4 ,j4 ,foy ,vaill4 9 ,arsacid4 ,imp]4 p4 #cef4 9 ,c4 ,*ronologic4 p4 #db4 ,ludovic4 ,du ,f\r de ,longu]e1 ,ab4 ,s4 ,joan4 de ,j>do ad ,melod4 et ,sept4 ,font4 9 ,!rasc4 ,annal4 ,arsacid>4 p4 #ea4 ,arg5torati1 #agcb4 ,erasm4 ,froeli*1 ,s4 ,j4 ,s4 9 ,dub4 de ,m9nis>4 ,aliorumque ,arm54 ,reg4 ,num4 et ,arsecid>1 ,epo*4 nup] vulgat4 p4 #ff4 ,vi5n ,au/ri1 #aged4 #ajd ,edv4 ,cors94 ,cl4 ,reg4 ,s*ol>4 ,pi>4 9 ,acad4 ,pisan4 ,humanior4 ,litt]>4 ,pr(ess4 ,de ,m9nis>4 ,aliorumq2 ,arm54 ,reg4 ,num4 et ,arsacid4 ,epo*4 ,diss]tat4 p4 #ac-bi4 ,liburni1 #aged4 #aje ,maff4 9 ,gall4 ,antiqu4 ,epi/4 #bb4 p4 #ajf4 #ajf ,j4 ,foy ,vaill4 ubi sup4 p4 #cch4 #ajg ,arrian4 9 ,p>?ic4 apud ,photium1 ,cod4 #eh4 apud ,syncell4 9 ,*ronograph4 p4 #bbf4 #ajh ,j4 ,lib4 xli4 c4 #d4 #aji ,a!n4 ,deipnosoph4 ,lib4 iv4 c4 #ac4 #aaj ,cors94 ubi sup4 #aaa ,cors94 ubi sup4 p4 #b4 #aab ,erasm4 ,froel4 ubi sup4 p4 #gb4 #aac ,cors94 9 ,d$4 ,nob4 ,vir4 ,phil4 ,v5ut4 p4 #e4 #aad ,philosoph4 ,transact4 ,vol4 xlviii4 p4 #fic1 #gdj4 #aae ,ptol4 ,tab4 ,urb4 ,insign4 p4 #ci4 ,ed4 ,huds4 ,oxon4 #agab4 #aaf ,j4 ,foy ,vaill4 9 ,arsacid4 ,imp]4 pass4 #aag ,hamdalla ,ism4 ,abu'lf$4 ,mohamm$ ,al ,firauzabad4 ,nassr ,al ,tsi1 ,ulugh ,beik1 c4 ,golii n4 ad ,alfragan4 p4 #bjj-bjd4 #aah ,^u inquiry1 ,i f9d1 t no su* ?+ 0 tak5 notice ( 9 ,nor?umb]l&2 s x probably has n ext5d$ any fur!r to ! ea/w>d1 ?an ! skirts ( our own c\nty4 #aai ,9 an adjo9+ blea*-y>d1 a piece ( clo?1 :i* _h be5 left out all night1 0 turn$ yell[2 & 0 n )\t "s difficulty wa%$ out aga94 ,"s also1 :i* 0 spread out ! next day1 contract$ ! same col\r4 #abj ,! w9d 0 we/]ly1 & consequ5tly w\ld sweep ! ,iri% sea4 #aba ,no ra91 or h[ev] v little1 dur+ ! hurricane4 #abb ,mr4 ,d]ham1 9 8 ,physico ,!ology4 #abc ,di/ance ab\t ?irty miles4 #abd ,viz4 ,ab\t f\r feet long1 & "o in* squ>e4 #abe ,philosoph4 ,transact4 ,vol4 xlvii4 p4 #dh4 & ,essay on ! ,virtues ( ,lime wat]1 c4 edit4 #b;d4 p4 #aig4 #abf ,philosoph4 ,transact4 ,vol4 xlvii4 p4 #dh & #dgc4 & ,essay on ,lime-wat]1 p4 #aeg & #bjj4 #abg ,! two /ones f\nd 9 ,"l ,walpole's bladd] 7 ( ?is size1 & weigh$ "o ( !m #bb & ! o!r #ba gra9s4 #abh ,philosoph4 ,transact4 ,vol4 xlvii4 p4 #dg4 #abi ,! /one f\nd 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! passage f ! bladd] 0 ( ?is size1 & weigh$ ab\t a gra94 #acj ,x is pr9t$ 9 ?is volume ( ! ,philosoph4 ,transactions1 "u ! #bh? ( ,april1 p4 #bba1 seqq4 #aca ,essay on ! ,virtues ( ,lime-wat]1 #b;d edit4 p4 #adj4 #acb ,phil4 ,transact4 ,vol4 xlvii4 p4 #df4 #acc ,phil4 ,transact4 ,vol4 xlvii4 p4 #dgb1 #dgc4 #acd ,essay on ,lime-wat]1 c4 p4 #bjj1 #bja4 #ace ,physical ,exp]im5ts1 p4 #ai4 #acf ,essay on ,lime-wat]1 c41 #b;d edit4 p4 #aga1 #bja4 #acg ,essay on ,lime-wat]1 c4 #b;d edit4 p4 #agj4 #ach ,ibid4 p4 #bd1 #be1 #cj #ca4 #aci ,! celebrat$ ,dr4 ,s*eu*z] has arrang$ ! fossile plants botanically1 by ,t\rne=t's sy/em1 9 8 folio "w1 intitul$1 ,h]b>ium ,diluvianum2 & ,dr4 ,woodw>d's fossile plants1 ,catalogue ,b1 he in=ms u1 7 botanically consid]$ & arrang$ by ^? fam\s botani/s ,dr4 ,pluk5et1 & ,mess4 ,doody1 ,buddle1 & ,/one/reet4 #adj ,woodw>d1 ,catalogue ,b4 p4 #ajd4 specim5 q4 #a4 0 ( #f #a-;half feet 9 l5g?2 & ,catalogue ,d4 p4 #fj4 specim5 h4 #ch4 0 a y>d long2 et alibi passim4 ,9 ! colli]ies at ,swanvi* 9 ,d]by%ire1 9 #ageb4 a plant ( ! cane k9d 0 f\nd #ad feet long3 x end$ 9 a po9t at "o end1 & at ! root 9 a l>ge knob1 & 9 ! middle measur$ n9e in*es ab\t4 #ada ,ziriz1 qu1 9 insula ,scaldi1 secundum ,zel&i oppidum e/4 #adb ,dom9us ,ellis1 anno #agee4 ,lond4 9 #h edidit ,essay on ! ,natural ,hi/ory ( ,corals1 c4 quem librum ,gallice v]sum 9 #d recudit ,p4 de ,hond ,hag ,comitum1 sub titulo ,essay sur l',hi/oire ,naturelle des ,corall9es1 c4 p> ,j4 ,ellis1 #agef4 #adc ,il y a une sorte de ,li?ophyte1 qui v]itablem5t e/ curieuse1 et bi5 extraord9aire3 elle n'a po9t d'ecorce cont9ue1 mais bi5 quelques fragm5s1 p> ci p> la int]rompus d'un glu1 qui fleurit dans l'eau4 ,hi/4 de la ,m]4 pag4 #hi4 fig4 #aja4 #agi1 #a4 #add ,bonnet sur l'usage des ,feuilles1 pag4 xviii4 #bhf4 #ade ,id4 ibid4 pag4 #ff4 #adf ,tab4 ,,vii4 fig4 ,i1 ,,ii4 #adg ,ibid4 fig4 ,,iii4 #adh ,tab4 ,,viii4 fig4 ,v4 #adi ,vide talem del9eatam 9 ,mem4 de l',acad4 p4 #cid1 anni #agaa4 #aej ,mem4 de l',academie1 #agdb4 #aea ,tab4 ,,viii4 fig4 ,,ii1 ,,iv4 #aeb ,tab4 ,,viii4 fig4 ,,iv4 #aec ,sic ,d4 ,ellis 9 una eademque planta div]sos1 polypos del9eat1 tab4 ,,iv4 fig4 ,c4 tab4 ,v4 fig4 ,a4 tab4 ,,xiv4 fig4 ,a4 ,b4 tab4 ,,xxxviii4 ,f4 ,n4 ,e4 #aed ,tab4 ,,ix4 fig4 ,a1 ,b1 ,c4 #aee ,sic ,cl>4 ,ellis eosdem etiam polypos inv5it 9 corall9a a/aci cornicul>um mula ,n4 #ad4 et 9 corall9a setacea in/> arund9is g5icul>a ,n4 #af4 #aef ,tab4 ,,vii4 fig4 ,,vi4 #aeg ,ibid4 fig4 ,,vii4 #aeh ,ibid4 fig4 ,,viii4 #aei ,tab4 ,,ix4 fig4 ,,iv1 ,v1 ,,vi4 #afj ,tab4 ,,viii4 fig4 ,,vi4 #afa ,psalm4 civ4 v]s4 #af1 #ag1 #ah4 #afb ,memoir4 des ,insect4 tom4 ii4 tab4 iv4 fig4 #f1 #h4 #afc ,id4 ibid4 tab4 iii4 fig4 xv4 #afd ,id4 tom4 iii4 mem4 xi4 tab4 xxxii4 fig4 #a4 #afe ,id4 tom4 v4 mem4 iii4 tab4 xv4 fig4 #a1 #b1 #c4 #aff ,id4 tom4 ii4 mem4 ii4 tab4 iii4 tom4 iv4 tab xxxvii4 fig4 #aa1 #ab1 #ai1 #bj4 #afg ,id4 tom4 iv4 tab4 xliv4 fig4 #h4 #afh ,id4 tom4 ii4 mem4 ii4 pag4 #afc4 tab4 iv4 fig4 #aa1 #ab1 #ac4 ,ellis ,essay1 pag4 #ajj4 tab4 xxxiii4 a ,a4 #afi ,tab4 ,,viii4 fig4 ,,vi4 a ,a4 #agj ,ellis passim 9 figuris1 prs]tim tab4 v4 fig4 ,a4 #aga ,mem4 de l',acad4 viii4 pag4 #bec4 tab4 vi4 fig4 #a1 #b1 #c1 #d4 #agb ,less]1 ,!ologie des ,insect4 tom4 ii4 p4 #aab4 #agc ,tab4 ,,viii4 fig4 ,,ii4 ,,iv4 #agd ,tab4 ,,viii4 fig4 ,,iii4 #age ,tab4 ,,vii4 fig4 ,,iii4 #agf ,idem obs]vat ,cel4 ,jussiu1 licet corill9as a polypis tam5 fabrifatas autumat4 ,vide ,mem4 de l',acad4 #agdb4 et figuram inspice1 quomodo corporis extremitate corall9 insid5t4 #agg ,tab4 ,,ix4 fig4 ,,ii4 a ,a4 #agh ,tab4 ,,ix4 fig4 ,,ii ,a4 c4 #agi ,ibid4 b4 b4 #ahj ,ibid4 ,a4 c4 #aha ,ibid4 ,b4 #ahb ,ibid4 ,c4 c4 #ahc ,ibid4 fig4 ,,iii4 #ahd ,ibid4 fig4 ,,iii4 #ahe ,ibid4 c4 c4 #ahf ,vionelli nuove luci cop]te4 ,l9ni ,amn4 ,acad4 tom4 iii4 de noctiluca m>9a4 #ahg ,tab4 ,,viii4 fig4 ,,vii4 #ahh ,tab4 ,x4 fig4 ,i4 #ahi ,ibid4 fig4 #f4 #aij ,ibid4 fig4 #h4 #aia ,tab4 ,x4 fig4 ,,ii4 ,b4 #aib ,ibid4 ,c4 #aic ,ibid4 fig4 ,,iii4 #aid ,see ,phil4 ,transact4 ,vol4 xlix4 ,"p #b4 p4 #eji4 #aie ,orig9al ,lett]s to ,sir ,hans ,sloane1 ,b>t4 vol4 ,a-,b4 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 #aif ,j\rnal1 vol4 xi4 p4 #adc4 #aig ,9 ?is treatise1 ,l4 #b4 p4 #hj4 is ! foll[+ passage3 ,9 pago ,rorba*io non procul ,heydelb]g1 ,p>i etiam relatu1 gem9i utriusque sexs obv]sis t]goribus annexis orti sunt4 #aih ,! two figures %ew a =e & back view ( ?is subject4 #aii ,see above1 ,n4 ,x1 p4 #ec4 #bjj ,aft] ?is pap] 0 read at ! ,society1 ,dr4 ,pr+le hav+ acqua9t$ ,dr4 ,:ytt1 t ,mr4 ,patrick ,brydone _h omitt$1 9 8 acc\nt1 ! "n ( ! p>i%1 :]e ! woman liv$1 ! "t :5 %e 0 cur$1 & also t he _h n fully dat$ 8 pap]2 ,dr4 ,:ytt "s "t aft] wrote to ,dr4 ,pr+le1 t hav+ desir$ ,mr4 ,brydone to furni% him ) ^! p>ticul>s1 he _h receiv$ = answ]1 8,t ! woman1 on :om ! cure 0 p]=m$1 _h liv$ all h] life 9 ! p>i% ( ,cold+hame1 & = ! la/ twelve ye>s 9 t t[n3 ,t h] fa!r _h di$ ( ! palsy sev5 ye>s ago1 aft] hav+ be5 subject to t di/emp] = sev]al ye>s3 ,t ! cure 0 p]=m$ 9 8 fa!r's h\se at ,cold+hame1 on ! #d?1 #e?1 #f?1 & #aa? ( days ( ,april #ageg4 a circum/ance he _h not$ d[n3 ,t z to ! date ( 8 pap]1 pres5t$ to ! ,royal ,society1 he only recollects x 0 writt5 "s day 9 ! beg9n+ ( ,novemb] la/2 b z ! woman /ill cont9u$ well1 he hop$ ! precise day ( ! mon? 0 no mat]ial omission40 ,?is lett] to ,dr4 ,:ytt is dat$1 ,cold+hame1 ,janu>y #i?1 #ageh4 #bja ,see above1 p4 #bji1 seqq4 #bjb ,vid4 ,essay on ! ,virtue ( ,lime-wat]1 #b;d edit4 p4 #agf1 #agg4 #bjc ,essay on ,lime-wat]1 #b;d edit4 p4 #bjh1 c4 #bjd ,ibid4 p4 #agf & #agg4 #bje ,s9ce my writ+ ?is disc\rse1 ,dr4 ,mason in=ms me1 t ^! are f\nd no o!r ?an rec5t nuts & l>yxes4 #bjf ,vol4 xlviii4 #bjg ,no error arises f consid]+ ! triangles ,e ,a e & ,,aeh1 z be+ =m$ on ! surface ( a sph]e1 ?o' ! e>? itself is n accurately su*4 ,! angle 7,e ,a a7 repres5t+ ! effect ( ! sol> =ce1 is prop]ly ref]r$ to ! surface ( a sph]e2 !re=e 7aft] ! measure !re( is truly det]m9$7 ! figure ,,ap ap is itself tak5 z a sph]e1 9 ord] to avoid ! tr\ble ( introduc+ a new s*eme4 #bjh ,"p ,i4 p4 #afa4 #bji ,page #hjf4 #baj ,see ,,tab4 ,,xvii4 :]e ?is specim5 is exactly del9eat$4 #baa ,?is is likewise call$ ! ,malacca ,bean1 f its gr[+ 9 great pl5ty on t coa/1 ne> ! equ9octial l9e4 #bab ,see above1 p4 #cef4 #bac ,page #hhg4 ,corrections p4 #bi ,! m$ic9al virtues ( ^! wat]s h be5 be5 treat$ ,! m$ic9al virtues ( ^! wat]s h be5 treat$ p4 #cf :i* inde$ greaty reliev$ him3 :i* inde$ greatly reliev$ him3 p4 #he infusion f ! eightte5? scruple infusion f ! eighte5? scruple ,footnote #bh ,hom4 ,iiad4 #bc4 v4 #hh4 ,hom4 ,iliad4 #bc4 v4 #hh4 ,footnote #fg conflata ex ,dutz et conflata ex ,dutz et p4 #acc 9 addd+ too l>ge 9 add+ too l>ge p4 #bjf ,he eat ) an appetite ,he ate ) an appetite p4 #cfi by any peculi> symptom di/+ui%able by by ! t\*1 by any peculi> symptom di/+ui%able by ! t\*1 p4 #ddi he w f9d x exactly agees he w f9d x exactly agrees p4 #dge = :]e !re !re is a multitude ( diff]5t cases = :]e !re is a multitude ( diff]5t cases p4 #dec t ! ,*9ese import !m1 & ! ,japanese mix !m ) v>ni% = sale4 t ! ,*9ese import !m1 & ! ,japanese mix !m ) _! v>ni% = sale4 ,! miss+ ^w 8_!0 0 add$ accord+ to page #bbj ( ?is edition3 ,,philosophical ,,transactions3 ,,giv+ ,,"s ,,acc\nt ,,( ,,! ,pres5t ,und]tak+s1 ,/udies1 & ,lab\rs1 ,,( ,,! ,,+5i\s ,,9 ,,_m ,consid]able ,p>ts ( ! ,,_w1 by ,c4 ,c4 ,d,,rr1 ,pr9t] ( ! ,univ]sity1 #agga p4 #dfh viz4 #bij1jjj1 9 ! ! cities viz4 #bij1jjj1 9 ! cities