,transcrib]'s ,notes ,text elem5ts pr9t$ 9 italics h be5 transcrib$ betwe5 und]scores1 small capitals h be5 *ang$ to ,,all ,,capitals4 ,m ,transcrib]'s ,notes may be f\nd at ! end ( ?is text4 ,,e>ly ,,woodcut ,,initials ,,e>ly ,,woodcut ,,initials ,,conta9+ ,,ov] ,,?irte5 ,,hundr$ ,,reproductions ,,( ,,ornam5tal ,,lett]s ,,( ,,! ,,fifte5? ,,& ,,sixte5? ,,c5turies1 ,,select$ ,,& ,,annotat$ ,,by ,,osc> ,,j5n+s1 ,m4,d4 ,,memb] ,,( ,,! ,,bibliographical ,,society ,illu/ration ,,me?u5 ,,& ,,co4 #cf ,,essex ,,/reet ,,london ,fir/ publi%$ 9 #aijh ,i ,,d$icate ,,^! ,,pages ,,to ,,my ,,wife ,,z ,a ,,slight ,,recognition ,,( ,,h] ,,con/ant ,,pati5ce ,,& ,,devotion ,,preface ,f ! numb] ( works t h be5 publi%$ )9 ! la/ few decades on e>ly pr9t+ & ! decoration ( e>ly books1 x is evid5t t an increas+ int]e/ is tak5 9 ^! subjects1 n only by ^? ^: /udies h specially fitt$ !m to appreciate su* rese>*es1 b also by ! g5]al educat$ public4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 "o v>iety ( engrav+ t has hi!rto attract$ b little att5tion1 & ! importance ( :i*1 bo? f arti/ic & docum5t>y po9ts ( view1 is /ill unrecognis$1 & x may ev5 be said unsuspect$ by ! great majority ( /ud5ts4 ,:il/ e engrav+ t may te*nically be t]m$ a cut or an illu/ration is catalogu$ & record$ 9 ! diff]5t monographs on special pr9t]s1 ^? :i* take ! =m ( initial lett]s1 (t5 ( equal1 if n sup]ior m]it1 are repres5t$ mu* m sp>sely1 & z hav+ a second>y importance only4 ,9 a monograph on fifte5?-c5tury pr9t+ 9 a c]ta9 ,g]man t[n1 = in/ance1 ! writ]1 a pr(essional bibliograph]1 gives ab\t t5 or twelve initial lett]s1 :]eas ! ext5t ( ! mat]ial ^u :i* he might h drawn may be judg$ f ! fact t a m rec5t au?ority1 9 8 hi/ory ( "o pr9t] only ( ?is t[n1 has be5 able to reproduce m ?an fifty specim5s1 _m ( :i* are q equal 9 int]e/ to illu/rations prop]1 "s ( !m hav+ be5 rec5tly po9t$ out by a ,london exp]t z con/itut+ ! *ief attraction ( a volume#a ) bo? initials & illu/rations :i* came "u 8 hamm]4 #a ,! initials 9 ! ,leb5 d] ,heilig5 ,drei ,knige ( ,knoblo*tz]4 ,! above l9es1 writt5 t5 ye>s ago1 :5 ,i fir/ began to collect mat]ial = ?is volume1 are p]haps no long] z true absolutely z :5 fir/ p5n$4 ,besides ! works ( ,buts*1 ,reib]1 & ,heitz :i* 7 already 9 exi/5ce1 ,ongania's book on ,v5ice bibliography conta9s a great _m initials2 ,heitz has devot$ a volume to ^? ( ,holbe9 & o!r arti/s ( ! s*ool ( ,basle1 & o!rs to c]ta9 initials ( ,/rasburg & ,hag5au2 & ,r$grave1 ,haebl]1 ,claud91 ,s*orba*1 ,spirgatis1 & ,kri/ell] give a c]ta9 prom95ce to initials 9 _! respective monographs4 ,i /ill ?9k1 h[ev]1 t a special "w on ! subject is ne$$ to d ju/ice to ! ri*ness ( arti/ic mat]ial available 9 ?is special matt]4 ,! woodcuts 9 e>ly books are (t5 m]ely illu/rative1 t is to say explanatory ( ! text1 & 7 n design$ z ornam5ts2 b ! initials 7 int5d$ to be decorative1 & "o c see 9 !m a real arti/ic ef=t & s5tim5t4 ,qu>it*1 inde$1 has rec5tly call$ att5tion to ?is fact1 ( ! sup]iority 9 "s e>ly books ( ! initials ov] ! woodcuts1 & x is beg9n+ to be recognis$ also by sev]al great booksell]s1 ^: catalogues conta9 increas+ numb]s ( reproductions ( ornam5tal lett]s 9 pref]5ce to o!r specim5s ( e>ly engrav+4 ,un=tunately1 circum/ances h prev5t$ my complet+ my fir/ programme1 & :at ,i (f] "h c only be consid]$ z a g5]al introduction to ! subject4 ,b su* z !y are1 ^! fragm5t>y notes w n1 ,i hope1 be f\nd entirely devoid ( int]e/4 ,9 conclusion1 ,i h to express my ?anks to ,mr4 ,a4 ,w4 ,poll>d1 ! amiable & indefatigable secret>y ( ! ,bibliographical ,society1 = help 9 see+ ?is volume ?r\gh ! press1 & = _m valuable sugge/ions & criticisms4 ,,osc> ,,j5n+s4 ,,cont5ts ,,page ,,preface1 vii ,,introduction1 #a ,,*ap4 ,i4 ,,block-,,books3 ,,! ,,inv5tion ,,( ,,pr9t+3 ,,! ,,psalt] ,,( ,,may5ce1 #f ,,ii4 ,,augsburg1 #ad ,,iii4 ,,ulm ,,& ,,nuremb]g1 #bb ,,iv4 ,,basle ,,& ,,zuri*1 #bi ,v4 ,l,,beck ,,& ,,bamb]g1 #ci ,,vi4 ,,/rasburg ,,& ,,reutl+51 #dc ,,vii4 ,,cologne ,,& ,,g5eva1 #ea ,,viii4 ,,v5ice1 #ee ,,ix4 ,,o!r ,,italian ,,t[ns1 #fd ,x4 ,,lyons1 #gc ,,xi4 ,,p>is1 #hb ,,xii4 ,,fr5* ,,prov9cial ,,t[ns1 #ij ,,xiii4 ,,spani% ,,t[ns1 #if ,,xiv4 ,,e>ly ,,dut* ,,initials1 #aja ,,xv4 ,,lat] ,,g]man ,,initials3 ,,hag5au1 ,,magdeburg1 ,,metz1 ,,opp5heim1 ,,+old/adt1 ,,etc4 ,,etc41 #ajc ,,xvi4 ,,engli% ,,initials1 #ajh;a ,,reproductions ,,( ,,initials1 #aaa ,,index1 #bha ,,introduction ,! ornam5tation ( books dates probably f ! "t ( _! inv5tion1 t is to say1 x goes back to a v remote antiquity4 ,f ,greece1 :]e ! book-trade 0 fl\ri%+ at an e>ly p]iod1 x pass$ into ,italy1 ext5d+ !nce to ! prov9ces ( ! ,empire1 to ,gaul & ,spa91 :]e book-lov]s became m & m num]\s1 & z civilisation became m ref9$1 increas+ly p>ticul> ab\t b9d+s & ornam5tation4 ,! v]se ( ,tibullus1 #8,indicet ut nom5 litt]a picta tuum1' %[s ! ext5t ( ! embelli%m5ts to :i* bibliophiles _h !n become accu/om$1 requir+ ! titles ( _! fav\rite au?ors to be engross$ 9 col\r$ or illum9at$ lett]s4#b #b ,num]\s passages might be quot$ f ,lat9 writ]s to %[ h[ great an int]e/ !y took 9 books1 & h[ valuable r>e1 & :at might be call$ orig9al1 editions _h ev5 !n become4 ,x w\ld seem1 too1 t !y ev5 knew ! pleasures ( book-hunt+1 = ,aulus ,gellius relates h[1 hav+ a few h\rs to sp>e aft] l&+ at ,br9disi1 he sp5t 8 "t look+ ?r\gh ! cont5ts ( an old book-/all1 & 0 lucky en\gh to discov] a v old "w on occult sci5ce4 ,besides ! title1 ! head+s ( *apt]s & ! initial lett]s 7 also di/+ui%$ 9 ! same way f ! re/ ( ! "w1 a cu/om :i* pass$ f ! ,roman copyi/s to ^? ( ! ,l[] ,empire1 & 9 c\rse ( "t became g5]ally adopt$ 9 ! prep>ation ( manuscripts4 ,b ?is 0 n all4 ,x is n[ recognis$ t book illu/ration 0 kn[n to ! ,romans1 & t ! m9iatures ( ! m$ival manuscripts only foll[$ ! fa%ion ( ! ri* & sumptu\s volumes transcrib$ by ! copyi/s ( ,a!ns & ,rome4 ,! f\r?-c5tury ,virgil1 = in/ance1 "o ( ! treasures ( ! ,vatican1 :i* has be5 s well describ$ by ,m4 ,pi]re de ,nolhac1 is an example ( ?is1 conta9+ z x does a l>ge numb] ( figures4 ,l all manuscripts ( ! "t1 x 0 writt5 exclusively 9 majuscules1 v simil> to ^? us$ 9 ,roman inscriptions4#c #c ,pl9y speaks ( a m>vell\s1 almo/ div9e1 inv5tion by :i* pictures 7 add$ to ! book ( ,imag9es ( ,v>ro--no d\bt pr9t$ by /amp+4 ,! ta/e = luxury spread+ f ! ?ird c5tury1 ,byzantium became ! c5tre ( ! mo/ extravagant & co/ly elegance 9 all its manife/ations1 & books ( t orig9 h come d[n to u writt5 on purple p>*m5t 9 lett]s ( gold4 ,x 0 n until sev]al c5turies lat] t a reaction took place1 :5 ,leo ! ,isaurian1 9 #gda1 consid]+ su* ref9em5t z s9ful1 put an end to x by burn+ ! public libr>y1 toge!r ) its /aff ( biblio!c>ii & copyi/s1 ! survivors f9d+ a refuge = _! art 9 ! we/]n cloi/]s & mona/]ies4 ,! intellig5t protection & enc\ragem5t & hospitality af=d$ to m5 ( lett]s by ,*>lemagne 0 a great contra/ to ! bigotry ( ,leo ! ,byzant9e4 ,int]e/+ himself w>mly 9 all que/ions relat+ to in/ruction1 he took a special int]e/ 9 ! copy+ & transcription ( manuscripts1 invit+ to 8 k+dom ! ,iri% & ,anglo-,saxon monks1 :o f ! six? c5tury _h made a special /udy ( calligraphy1 & 7 celebrat$ all ov] ,europe = _! m9iatures & hi/oriation4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ! patronage ( ,*>lemagne & ( ,*>les ! ,bald1 son ( ,l\is ! ,dbonnaire1 arti/s ( all nationalities1 b m p>ticul>ly ,g]mans & ,italians1 :o _h come f ,ori5tal s*ools1 receiv$ a w>m welcome4 ,at fir/ 9 ! six? c5tury ! initial lett] 0 ( ! same size z ! o!rs1 only di/+ui%$ by ! diff]5ce ( col\r1 be+ 9 m9ium or c9nab>4 ,a hundr$ ye>s lat]1 "u ! ,byzant9e influ5ce1 ! lett] gr[s l>g]1 until x occupies ! :ole page1 at ! same "t be+ pa9t$ ) ! mo/ vivid col\rs accord+ to ! fancy & caprice ( ! arti/4 ,little by little ! ,byzant9e /yle fir/ introduc$ became modifi$1 & assum$ by degrees a national "*4 ,! decoration ( ! initials took ! =m ( int]lac$ *equ]-"w or ( hi/oriat$ arabesques1 resembl+ ! mosaics ( enamell$ specim5s ( ,gallo-,frank jewell]y4 ,!n come figures ( animals1 9 :i* ! imag9ation ( ! arti/ runs riot1 z 9 ! alphabet ( :i* ,montfaucon has giv5 a specim5 9 8 ,orig9s ( ! ,fr5* ,mon>*y4 ,to quote ! op9ion ( a contempor>y writ]1 !re 0 no?+ "u heav5 or e>? t _h n s]v$ z a model = design]s ( ornam5tal lett]s4 ,t[>ds ! f\rte5? c5tury ?is exub]ance ( decoration quiets d[n4 ,fancy is by no means exclud$1 b x becomes m regulat$ & m sure1 to ! advantage ( art itself1 :i* speaks ?r\gh ! skill ( ! pa9t]s1 ^: names1 h[ev]1 ) b few exceptions1 un=tunately rema9 unkn[n to u4 ,p>is 0 r5[n$ at an e>ly p]iod = ! excell5ce ( its manuscripts1 & ! tal5ts ( its copyi/s & illum9ators4 ,ri*>d de ,bury1 ,bi%op ( ,durham & ,*ancellor ( ,engl&1 speaks 9 8 ,philobiblion ( ! five libr>ies he _h se5 9 t t[n1 & ! magnific5t books t he _h be5 able to buy4 ,9 ,engl&1 illum9ation _h fl\ri%$ f be=e ! twelf? to ! f\rte5? c5tury1 b by ! middle ( ! fifte5? art 0 dead1 & :5 h&some m9iatures or o!r decorations 7 requir$ = books1 x 0 to ,fr5* arti/s t x 0 necess>y to apply4 ,9 ,italy1 ! influ5ce1 z reg>ds book ornam5tation1 ( ,fr5* art may be judg$ f ! passage ( ,dante1 :o1 speak+ to a m9iaturi/ ( 8 pr(ession1 is oblig$ to use a p]iphrase to design x3 #84 4 4 di quell' arte ,*' allum9>e *iamata 9 ,p>isi4' ,! dawn ( pr9t+ 0 at h&4 ,manuscripts1 :e!r h&somely embelli%$ or copi$ simply )\t ornam5t1 7 exp5sive luxuries :i* only ! ri* c\ld pur*ase4 ,) ! revival ( le>n+1 = /ud5ts 9 g5]al1 = ! poor] classes1 = s*ool *ildr51 *eap books co/+ z little z possible1 b s]v+ ! same end z ! manuscript1 7 necess>y1 & ! xylograph came at its h\r4#d #d ,x %\ld be m5tion$ t block-books are n[ consid]$ by "s au?orities to h come lat] ?an ! inv5tion ( pr9t+ ) movable type1 i4e4 ab\t #adfj4 ,f ! e>lie/ times copyi/s _h us$ /amps#e & copp] /5cill+s 9 ord] to apply initials t recurr$ frequ5tly1 a practice :i* conta9s 9 x ! fir/ g]m ( pr9t+4 ,play+-c>ds 7 pr9t$ by ! same process & aft]w>ds illum9at$4 #e ,passavant4 ,picture-books came next1 ) text & illu/rations cut on ! same block1 ! leaves be+ pr9t$ on "o side only1 & aft]w>ds gumm$ back to back4 ,su* 0 ! book kn[n z ! ,biblia ,paup]um1 #8,figurae typicae vet]is atque antitypicae novi te/am5ti1' a %ort pictorial hi/ory 9 =ty leaves ( ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5t4 ,ano!r ( ^! block-books is devot$ to ! hi/ory ( ,/4 ,john ! ,evangeli/ & 8 apocalyptic dreams1 ( :i* !re are six diff]5t editions1 ) texts 9 ,flemi%1 ,saxon1 & ,g]man4 ,! ,ars ,mori5di1 or temptations ( ! dy+1 ) t]rify+ pictures1 %[s a moribund man assail$ by devils1#f b1 z 9 all simil> productions1 ! t]rible is reliev$ by a t\* ( ! grotesque4 ,! ,speculum humanae salvationis is rem>kable = be+ pr9t$ p>tly f blocks & p>tly ) movable *>act]s4 ,?is %[s ! transition f xylography to pr9t+ prop]4 ,! pr9t] ( ?is "w1 9 ord] to economise ! composition ( tw5ty-sev5 leaves1 us$ ! blocks he possess$1 & pr9t$ !m toge!r ) tw5ty-sev5 o!rs compos$ ) movable type4 ,! example is n unique4 #f ,see1 "u #8,,p>is1' ! repres5tation ( "o ( ^! dea?-sc5es 9 an initial ( ,*evallon's4 ,a la/ v>iety ( xylographic impressions is kn[n "u ! g5]ic "n ( #8,donatus4' ,?is is a little prim] ( ,lat9 gramm> fir/ compil$ by ! gramm>ian ,aelius ,donatus1 by ^: "n x 0 aft]w>ds kn[n4 ,we h m5tion$ ! xylographic publications1 because 9 a c]ta9 numb] ( !m ornam5tal initials are to be met )4 ,^!1 z w\ld naturally be suppos$1 are ( ! same /yle z ^? f\nd 9 manuscripts ( ! same p]iod4 ,x may be obs]v$ "h1 t :il/ books ( price 7 embelli%$ ) exp5sive "w1 ! less valuable manuscripts 7 left ei!r )\t initials at all1 or ) ornam5tal lett]s ( a few /]eotyp$ patt]ns1 t exp]i5ce _h %[n to be mo/ h>moni\s to ! writt5 text4 ,( ^! patt]ns ! mo/ popul> is ! ,maiblm*51 or lily ( ! valley design1 con/antly se5 9 manuscript books1 & adopt$ by _m ( ! e>ly pr9t]s4 ,?is design w be se5 9 _m ( ! fir/ initials ( ! ,augsburg pr9t]s1 & especially ( ,rihel ( ,basle4 ,hi/oriat$ initials are less frequ5t 9 ! block-books1 ! only "o we h f\nd be+ ! ,s ( an ,ars ,memor&i1 ( :i* a reproduction is giv54 ,we h not$ briefly ! successive *anges 9 ! manuscript book1 ! diff]5t phases ( its evolution t[>ds its f9al =mula & expression z an impression f movable type4 ,?is br+s u to ! inv5tion ( pr9t+1 b x mu/ be not$ t pr9t+1 :i* revolutionis$ 9 s _m ways ! _w1 did n imm$iately put an end to ! pr(essions ( ! rubricator & illum9ator4 ,"s pr9t$ works ( ! end ( ! fifte5? & ! beg9n+ ( ! sixte5? c5turies are embelli%$ ) m9iatures ( ! v highe/ m]it & illum9at$ lett]s ( ! greate/ beauty4 ,,*apt] ,i ,,block-,,books3 ,,! ,,inv5tion ,,( ,,pr9t+3 ,,! ,,psalt] ,,( ,,may5ce ,pr9t+1 ) ! discov]y or inv5tion ( :i* ! "n ( ,gut5b]g is intimately associat$1 goes back to ! ye> #aded1 or1 if we accept ! rec5t discov]y ( an almanac :i* c only ref] to #addh1 "s six ye>s e>li]4 ,?is is n ! place to relate its g5]al hi/ory1 :i* is to be f\nd 9 all ! special works on ! "q4 ,we %all set d[n "h only ! facts :i* conc]n our subject m p>ticul>ly1 & %[ ! evolution ( ornam5tal lett]s 9 books ( ! fir/ p]iod aft] ! discov]y ( ! new art4 ,x is kn[n t ,gut5b]g1 aft] ! exp5sive exp]im5ts t _h crippl$ 8 res\rces1 _h borr[$ money f 8 fell[-citiz5 ,fu/1 = ! purpose ( develop+ 8 new discov]y4 ,8 me?ods 71 h[ev]1 incomplete1 &1 accord+ to "o ( _m conjectures1 x 0 n until two or ?ree ye>s lat] t ,pet] ,s*eff]1 presumably a workman 9 ,gut5b]g's (fice1 p]fect$ x by ! inv5tion ( pun*es & matrices1 s discov]+ a means ( f\nd+ ! type = :i* he devis$ a m suitable alloy in/ead ( engrav+ ea* lett]4 ,?is br\ght ,s*eff] into fav\r ) ,fu/1 :o gave him 8 daught] 9 m>riage4 ,a qu>rel ) ! orig9al inv5tor ensu$1 & ,gut5b]g1 ne>ly ru9$1 0 =c$ to retire1 leav+ ! two o!rs 9 possession ( ! field4 ,! object ( ! fir/ pr9t]s 0 no d\bt to imitate ! manuscript book z closely z possible4 ,gut5b]g 9 8 ,bible _h only attempt$ to copy ! lett]press prop]4 ,! two p>tn]s gave 9 #adeg z _! diploma piece an edition ( ! ,psalt] ) two hundr$ & eighty-eight capitals 9 two col\rs1 besides ! great initial ,b1 ! :ole =m+ a p]fect imitation by ! press ( a highly decorat$ manuscript4 ,at ! pres5t "t an exp]t c\ld see at a glance t ?is book is pr9t$1 in/ead ( be+ writt54 ,b 9 #adeg1 & until ! inv5tion ( pr9t+ _h become g5]ally kn[n1 no "o c\ld h guess$ t x 0 any?+ b :at x appe>$1 a beautifully f9i%$ manuscript4 ,( ! lett]s1 :i* are mo/ly 9 r$ & blue1 ! h&some/ is ! initial ,b at ! beg9n+ ( ! fir/ psalm1 :i* is surr\nd$ by arabesques1 cont9u$ along ! m>g94 ,besides ^! ornam5ts1 figures ( a dog & bird are /5cill$1 z x 71 9 :ite on ! r$ gr\nd ( ! lett]4 ,writ]s are by no means agre$ z to ! way 9 :i* ^! initials 7 execut$1 b until rec5tly ! explanation mo/ g5]ally accept$ 0 t ( embotem5t1 ea* "p ( ! lett] be+ ink$ sep>ately & aft]w>ds jo9$4 ,accord+ to ,mr4 ,gordon ,duff1 x is impossible to det]m9e exactly h[ !y 7 produc$1 b 9 "o edition1 t ( #aeae1 ! ext]ior ornam5t has be5 pr9t$1 :ile ! lett] itself & ! int]ior ornam5t h n4 ,?is %[s t ! lett] & ornam5t 7 n on "o block1 & t ! ext]ior & int]ior ornam5ts 7 on diff]5t blocks4 ,mr4 ,blades ?\ght t ! design 0 n pr9t$ b impress$ 9 blank1 & aft]w>ds fill$ 9 ) col\r by ! illum9ator4 ,! la/ op9ion1 t ( ,mr4 ,weale1 is t ! lett]s 7 n set up & pr9t$ ) ! re/ ( ! book1 b subsequ5tly to ! typography1 n by a pull ( ! press b by a bl[ ( ! mallet on ! sup]impos$ block4 ,x is n1 p]haps1 )\t int]e/ to note t ! :ite ornam5ts :i* h be5 already m5tion$ are reproduc$ on "o ( ! initials ( ! ,bamb]g missal4 ,:e!r or n ?is l5ds additional likelihood to ! ,bamb]g pr9t] hav+ be5 a workman ( ,gut5b]g1 ! read] mu/ judge = himself4 ,we h said t ! object ( ! fir/ pr9t]s 0 to produce an imitation manuscript4 ,x has ev5 be5 sugge/$ t ,s*eff] tri$ to palm (f "s ( ! copies ( ! ,bible z1 & at ! price (1 ! manuscripts4 ,gabriel ,naud1 9 8 addition to ! hi/ory ( ,k+ ,l\is ,,xi41 is responsible = ?is accusation1 :i* has be5 reproduc$ )\t inve/igation by sev]al hi/orians4 ,! passage is too long to quote "h1 b he /ates positively t ,s*eff] sold ! fir/ copies p\r manuscrites at sev5ty-five cus a copy1 sell+ o!rs aft]w>ds at f tw5ty to ?irty4 ,^? :o _h paid ! high] price br\ght an action aga9/ him = surv5te1 & he _h to fly f ,p>is to ,may5ce1 :]e n be+ 9 safety he took refuge at ,/rasburg1 liv+ = a "t ) ,messire ,philippe de ,comm9es4 ,! /ory is *>m+ly circum/antial b h>dly conv9c+4 ,at any rate1 x is c]ta9 t no %>p practice c\ld h be5 attempt$ aft] #adeg1 z ! colophon ( ! ,psalt] /ates ! volume #8,v5u/ate capitalium decoratus rubricationibusque suffici5t] di/9ctus ad9v5tione artificiosa imprim5di et *>act]iz&i2 absque calami ulla ex>atione sic effigiatus4' ,x has also be5 said t ,s*eff] 0 n ! fir/ to use ! ,psalt] initials1 :i* =m$ "p ( ! /ock :i* ,gut5b]g 0 compell$ to rel9qui% 9 paym5t ( ! money he _h borr[$ ( ,fu/4 ,fis*] at ! beg9n+ ( ! la/ c5tury publi%$ ! description ( a ,donatus ( #adea ) "s ( ^! initials1 ( :i* he gave a facsimile1 & :i* he attributes to ,gut5b]g1 b ?is book is no long] to be f\nd1 & x is suppos$ t he 0 ! victim ( a hoax4#g ,! only copy n[ kn[n ) ^! initials has come d[n to u 9 ! %ape ( a fragm5t :i* is pres]v$ 9 ! ,biblio?que ,nationale4 ,! catalogue gives ! date z #adfh1 b ,hessels & _m o!r good judges place x at #adef4 ,x is pr9t$ 9 ! type ( ! =ty-two l9e ,bible1 ) ?irty-five l9es to ! page4 ,9 ! colophon ,s*eff] makes use ( ! expression #8cum suis capitalibus1' :i* ,hessels translates #8) 8 capital lett]s1' a r5d]+1 says ,mr4 ,gordon ,duff1 :i* is surely impossible4 #g ,accord+ to ,m4 de ,laborde1 #8,bodman ar*ivi/e de ,may5ce1 t\rm5t p> ,ob]l91 ,fis*] et t\s les bibliographes du temps p\r leur tr\v] quelques n\veaux r5seignem5ts sur ,gut5b]g1 n'imag9a ri5 de mieux que d'en fabriqu]4' ,fis*] 9 8 ,essai sur les monum5ts ,typographiques de ,jean ,gut5b]g decl>es t he f\nd two leaves ( a ,donatus1 :i* 0 pr9t$ by ,gut5b]g ) ! same initials z 7 aft]w>ds us$ by ,s*eff]4 ,^! leaves 7 9 ! cov] ( an acc\nt-book dat$ #adea1 :i* 0 discov]$ 9 ! ,ar*ives ( ,may5ce by ,bodman4 ,^! leaves h s9ce disappe>$4 ,two o!r que/ions rema9 to be consid]$3 ,:y ,s*eff] %\ld h us$ ! initials frequ5tly until #adfb1 & !n 7) ! exception ( successive editions ( ! ,psalt]7 h giv5 up _! use entirely8 ,:o 0 _! au?or8 ,= ! fir/ !re 0 a comb9ation ( sev]al reasons4 ,! opposition ( ! ,=ms*neid]s may h _h some?+ to d ) x4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,s*eff] may h got tir$ ( always us+ ! same initials :i* _h be5 cut = him by an exceptionally clev] engrav]1 ( :om he _h aft]w>ds lo/ sight4 ,9 ! ?ird place1 ! sack ( ,may5ce 9 #adfb1 :i* l$ to ! disp]sion ( 8 workm51 may h be5 p>tly ! reason1 b t he did n lose 8 mat]ial is prov$ by ! initials appe>+ 9 ! antiqu>ian repr9ts ( ! ,psalt]4 ,9 our op9ion ! second reason is mo/ probable1 & x is support$ by ! te/imony ( ,papillon z to ! id5tity ( ! arti/1 :i* seems to h escap$ rec5t bibliograph]s4 ,accord+ to ,he9ek51 a c]ta9 ,meyd5ba* is m5tion$ 9 ,seba/ian ,mn/]'s ,cosmographia1 & also by an anonym\s au?or 9 ,s]>ius1 z be+ "o ( ,gut5b]g's assi/ants4 ,he9ek5 on ^! gr\nds consid]s t he accompani$ ,gut5b]g f ,/rasburg to ,may5ce1 also t he 0 probably an engrav] or illum9ator1 & ,von ,murr ?9ks he 0 ! arti/ :o engrav$ ! l>ge initials4 ,fis*] is conv9c$ t !y 7 engrav$ by ,gut5b]g himself1 #8a p]son exp]i5c$ 9 su* "w1 z we are taught by 8 resid5ce 9 ,/rasburg1' :i* ,jackson decl>es tea*es no su* ?+4 ,papillon's hi/ory is too long to be relat$ "h v]batim1 b 9 sub/ance x is z foll[s3 ,a ,g]man :o 0 mak+ ! t\r de ,france appli$ to him = "w4 ,he /at$ t 8 "n 0 ,cocksp]g]1 & t he 0 desc5d$ f ,pet] ,cocksp]g] :o _h engrav$ ! initials ( ! ,psalt] ( ,may5ce4 ,papillon only saw him ?ree times 9 #agcg1 :5 he %[$ him "s ( 8 "w1 :i*1 al?\gh some:at co>se1 0 well cut1 ( a pretty ta/e1 & n common4 ,8 ance/ors _h liv$ 9 ,may5ce1 ,cologne1 & ,nuremb]g4 ,"o ( !m1 ,pet]1 _h work$ ) ,fu/ & ,s*eff] at _! fir/ impressions1 & x 0 a tradition 9 ! family t he 0 a scribe & m9iaturi/1 & also engrav$ neatly on wood4 ,he _h be5 engag$ by ,s*eff]1 :o lodg$ him 9 8 h\se1 to design & engrave on wood l>ge initials embelli%$ ) ornam5ts l ^? he 0 9 ! habit ( draw+ & pa9t+4 ,also t "o ( 8 bro!rs1 ,jacques1 toge!r ) a fri5d nam$ ,?omas ,=kana* :o also engrav$ on wood1 _h help$ him to engrave ! initials = ,s*eff]'s ,psalt]4 ,he %[$ ,papillon a book ( #8figures ( ! mass1' a xylographic tract pr9t$ au frotton4 ,n be+ able to get acceptable "w1 he left ,p>is4 #8,?is man1' says ,papillon1 0 #8franc et de trs bon c>actre1' he _h means to live quietly at home1 _h n l'envie de voyag] made him leave ,g]many4#h #h ,papillon1 ,hi/oire de la gravure sur bois4 ,we h n se5 any ref]5ces to ,cocksp]g] 9 mod]n works1 b ,dibd9 9 "o ( 8 books quotes ,papillon's acc\nt ( him4 ,x w\ld be curi\s to "k :e!r !re 0 really a family ( ?is "n 9 ,may5ce at ! date ,papillon gives1 & :e!r !re is any trace !re ( su* a tradition4 ,besides ! initials us$ 9 ! diff]5t editions ( ! ,psalt]1 & 9 "s o!r publications su* z ! ,rationale ,dur&i1 :i* has ! same subscription z ! ,psalt]1 b ) ! date *ang$ to #adei1 ,s*eff] _h a spl5did bi*rome ,t = ! ,canon ( ! ,mass1 consid]$ by _m z q equal to ! ,b ( ! ,psalt]4 ,lat] 9 ! c5tury poly*rome initials1 z ^! lett]s 9 two col\rs are some:at incorrectly t]m$1 are said to h be5 us$ 9 e>ly ,dut* impressions4 ,humphreys 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ,pr9t+ gives ! reproduction ( a ,q 9 two col\rs f ! ,dyalogus ,creatur>um1 pr9t$ at ,g\da 9 #adhj by ,g]>d ,leeu1 :i* he supposes to be pr9t$1 & :i* he consid]s1 z we ?9k errone\sly1 to be q equal to ,s*eff]'s ,b4 ,initials pr9t$ 9 "o col\r are n uncommon4 ,!y are to be f\nd1 = in/ance1 9 ! ,etymologicum ,magnum ( ,calli]ges1 & sometimes 9 missals1 su* z ! ,missale ,olumuc5se ( ,bamb]g & ! ,r\5 ,missal1 #8ad usum insignis ecclesie ,atrebat5sis4' ,x has be5 said t ! ,psalt] lett]s ceas$ to be us$ 9 #adfb4 ,:atev] may h be5 ! reason = ?is1 & x is possible aft] all t x 0 simply f motives ( economy1 ,s*eff]'s example1 z reg>ds ! suppression ( ornam5t1 0 foll[$ by ! o!r pr9t]s1 & ) ! exception ( ,pfi/]1 ^: impressions f movable *>act]s h e appe>ance ( xylographic productions1 = "s ye>s no books 7 issu$ ) typographical embelli%m5ts4 ,x is probable t1 = ! two ye>s dur+ :i* he fl\ri%$1 ,pfi/]'s illu/rat$ publications 7 tol]at$ because !y 7 g5]ally suppos$ to be block-books1 & t he 0 compell$ to /op op]ations by ! ,guilds1 z soon z !y f\nd out t he 0 9 reality "o ( ! hat$ pr9t]s4 ,= x 0 n only z craftsm5 t ! ,=ms*neid]s 7 ho/ile to ! memb]s ( ! new trade4 ,! engrav]s _h become ! pr9t]s ( ! xylographic books1 !n a new & pr(itable indu/ry1 & !y 7 afraid ( ! sale ( _! own productions be+ int]f]$ ) by ! illu/rat$ works ( ! type-pr9t]s4 ,f ! po9t ( view ( ornam5tal initials !re is little to say ab\t ! xylographic impressions4 ,be=e ! inv5tion ( pr9t+1 ! copies ( block-books 7 obta9$1 z has be5 already m5tion$1 by :at is kn[n z ! frotton process1 ! pap] be+ plac$ ov] ! engrav$ block & rubb$ ) a special pad4 ,! ink 9 ! orig9als is ( a br[ni% yell[4 ,aft] ! inv5tion ( ! press1 c]ta9 popul> treatises cont9u$ to be /ruck (f f xylographic cuts1 b by impression1 l ord9>y books4 ,"o ( ^!1 ! ,mirabilia ,romae1 a guide-book to ,rome at ! end ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 has a l>ge hi/oriat$ ,s at ! beg9n+4 ,x is rem>kable f ! fact t ! lett]press1 ( :i* a specim5 is giv5 ) ! initial1 is n cut 9 imitation ( type1 b1 z c be se5 9 our reproduction1 ( ord9>y h&-writ+4 ,ano!r specim5 ( ?is k9d ( pr9t+ is ! ,p1 :i* we reproduce ) a bord]1 f a ,donatus1 ! fir/ & eigh? leaves ( :i* 7 pres]v$ = c5turies 9 an old b9d+4 ,?is ,donatus1 ( :i* ! only leaves rema9+ belong to ! ,leipsic ,museum1 0 pr9t$ by ,d9ckmut4 ,!re is ano!r xylographic fragm5t ) a colophon be>+ ! same "n 9 ! ,bodleian ,libr>y4 ,! initial itself repres5ts a s*oolma/] surr\nd$ by 8 pupils1 a subject frequ5tly met ) z a frontispiece to books ( ?is class1 & x is prolong$ into a bord] :i* frames ! page4 ,:5 ! initial ( a ,donatus does n repres5t a p$agogue & 8 class1 ! subject is (t5 ! ,virg9 & ,holy ,family4 ,j4 ,ros5?al has an extremely valuable edition ) ! ,virg91 ! ,*ild1 & ,/4 ,ca!r9e4 ,among/ our specim5s ( ,cologne is a ,donatus )\t "n ( pr9t] or date1 b no d\bt pr9t$ by ,qu5tell t[>ds #aejj1 9 :i*1 besides ! ,virg9 & ,*ild1 !re are grotesque pr(iles 9 ! two left corn]s :i* look z if copi$ f ! same s\rce z "o ( ! ,bml] initials1 & ! initial ) grotesques 9 ! ,ble ,psalt]s4#i #i ,! ,donatus1 always be+ 9 dem&1 0 g5]ally "o ( ! fir/ books pr9t$ at a new press4 ,x 0 ! fir/ "w issu$ by ,pann>tz & ,sweynheim :5 !y />t$ at ,subiaco4 ,dur+ ! rema9d] ( ! fifte5? c5tury !re 0 v little 9 ! way ( initial ornam5tation 9 books publi%$ at ,may5ce1 :]e ,s*eff]1 :o 0 always ! *ief pr9t]1 seems to h exhau/$ 8 possibilities 9 ?is direction ) 8 fir/ exp]im5t4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 a f9e l>ge hi/oriat$ ,d 9 a ,g]man translation ( sop--,das ,bu* und ,leb5 des ,fabeldi*t]s sop--)\t pr9t]'s "n or date1 b attribut$ to ,s*eff]1 t[>ds #adhj4 ,?is initial has already be5 reproduc$ 9 ,mu!r's ,b*]-,illu/ration1 & m rec5tly 9 a bibliography ( incunabula & books pr9t$ be=e #aeja1 by ,ludwig ,ros5?al4 ,! only o!r int]e/+ ornam5tal lett] we are acqua9t$ ) ( ,may5ce orig9 be=e #aejj is ! ,g at ! comm5cem5t ( ,erh>dt ,reuwi*'s ,breid5ba*4 ,dur+ ! fir/ two decades ( ! sixte5? c5tury !re is ! same de>? ( any?+ l ornam5t 9 ,may5ce books1 b t[>ds #aebj ,john1 ! gr&son ( ! fir/ ,pet] ,s*eff]1 has sev]al alphabets1 "o ( v l>ge lett]s ) arabesques ( fl[]s1 foliage1 & birds1 us$ fir/ 9 8 ,livy ( #aeah1 publi%$ "u ! patronage ( ,br&eburg1 ,ar*bi%op ( ,magdeburg & ,may5ce4 ,!re is also a small] "o ) ! mo/ v>i$ subjects1 besides a few lett]s ) *ildr5 on a black gr\nd1 & "o or two l9e> initials also ) *ildr51 copi$ f ,v5etian models4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,augsburg ,f :at has be5 already said1 x seems evid5t t ! aim ( ! fir/ pr9t]s 0 to produce by ! new art z p]fect z possible an imitation ( ! manuscript4 ,s*eff] pr9t$ books ) ornam5tal lett]s 9 ! manuscript /yle4 ,! o!r pr9t]s left !m to be add$ by h&1 :i* produc$ ! same effect4 ,x 0 n until ! beg9n+ ( ! sev5ties t ! pr9t$ book assum$ its def9ite =m1 & t x 0 recognis$ t new me?ods & new processes 7 necess>y4 ,! pr9t$ book 0 h5ce=? to be a pr9t$ book1 & n an imitation manuscript4 ,x 0 no long] to pass1 = accessory embelli%m5t1 ?r\gh a numb] ( successive h&s1 b to be f9i%$ at a s+le impression4 ,x w\ld n be exact to say t x 0 ,gn!r ,za9] :o rel9qui%$ ! fiction ( a pr9t$ manuscript1 & :o recognis$ t1 9 virtue ( ! economic pr9ciple ( :i* ! press itself is a manife/ation1 text & ornam5tal embelli%m5ts %\ld be produc$ z simply z possible4 ,! alt]ation 0 br\ght ab\t by ! ,augsburg pr9t]s g5]ally1 r ?an by any "o 9 p>ticul>1 & 0 a matt] ( evolution r ?an ( sudd5 *ange4 ,x 0 h9d]$1 too1 to a great ext5t by ! opposition ( ! ,guild ( ,engrav]s1 :o saw 9 ! innovation a m5ace to _! privileges1 & :o br\ght an action aga9/ ,za9] & ,s*ussl] 9 #adga to prev5t !m us+ wood-engrav+ 9 _! books1 & ev5 oppos$ _! admission z burgesses4 ,x 0 only at ! int]v5tion ( ,mel*ior ,/anheim1 ,abbot ( ,/4 ,ulri*1 t ! matt] 0 arrang$1 on ! und]/&+ t !y %\ld ins]t 9 _! books nei!r woodcut pictures nor lett]s1 a prohibition t 0 only )drawn aft] a new arrangem5t :i* b\nd ! pr9t]s to employ only recognis$ memb]s ( ! ,=ms*neid] ,guild4 ,z an example ( ! jeal\sy ) :i* ^! privileges ( corporations 7 ma9ta9$1 x may be m5tion$ t ,alb]t ,dr] 0 compell$ to pay f\r flor9s to ! ,society ( ,pa9t]s ( ,v5ice = work+ at 8 pr(ession dur+ 8 /ay 9 t city4 ,gn!r ,za9]'s fir/ woodcut initials1 if !y c be call$ #8woodcuts1' are m]ely outl9e lett]s )\t any k9d ( ornam5t4 ,!y 7 int5d$ simply z a guide to ! rubricator4 ,9 ! next /age we h a fram$ initial ) an ornam5tal gr\ndwork1 b ! composition is less effective 9 black & :ite ?an :5 ! lett] itself is pick$ out 9 r$4 ,a good example ( ?is is 9 ! alphabet ( ! ,za9] ,g]man ,bible1 aft]w>ds us$ 9 ! ,summa ,confessorum ( ,j4 ,friburg5sis4 ,9 ^! initials1 :at a contempor>y au?ority on lett]+ calls a #8frisk9ess' ( ! design leads to a difficulty ( di/+ui%+ betwe5 ! ornam5tal prolongation ( ! diff]5t p>ts ( ! lett]1 & ! v simil> decorative gr\ndwork1--s mu* s1 t ev5 ! rubricator 0 sometimes mi/ak51 ! col\r be+ left unappli$ :]e ne$$1 & vice v]s4 ,f9ally we come to initials1 ( :i* ! specim5s t h come d[n to u are col\r$ z (t5 z n4 ,^! are m effective :5 n s treat$1 & 7 probably int5d$ to be left z pr9t$4 ,! read] c judge f ! specim5s reproduc$4 ,buts* 7,b*]-,ornam5tik7 m5tions ! ,guld5 ,bibel ( ,rampigollis1 ! ,belial ( #adgb1 & ! ,glossae ( ,salemo1 z ! e>lie/ works ( ,g4 ,za9] ) woodcut initials4 ,! ,belial1 he says1 has a l>ge ornam5tal initial ( arabesque design4 ,our fir/ selections are f ! ,summa ,confessorum2 ! l>ge ,p is f ! ,m>g>ita ,davitica ( #adge4 ,! new plan 0 soon adopt$ by ! o!r ,augsburg pr9t]s1 & spread !nce to o!r t[ns & c\ntries4 ,z f> z ,augsburg is conc]n$1 x %\ld be not$ t ! same lett]s 7 (t5 us$ by diff]5t pr9t]s1 & !y are !re=e z mu* illu/rative ( ! t[n & p]iod1 z ( any "o p>ticul> press4 ,ludwig ,hoh5wang1 = in/ance1 uses ! same initials 9 8 ,guld5 ,bibel ( #adgg1 z does ,j4 ,pflantzmann 9 8 ,glossa ( ,salemo ( ! same ye>4 ,! two specim5s giv5 ( ^! pr9t]s might h be5 tak5 f ei!r volume4 ,our o!r examples are tak5 f works publi%$ by ,sorg1 ,kell]1 ,bml]1 & ,s*nsp]g]4 ,! ,bml] selection is exce$+ly curi\s z pres5t+ probably ! fir/ example1 if our date is correct1 ( :at 0 aft]w>ds s common--! grotesque pr(ile4 ,un=tunately we are unable to give _! exact orig91 z !y =m "p ( a collection ( initials1 cut f e>ly books1 b if ! attribution #8,bml]1 #adge1' is correct1 !y are ( ! same date z ! ,rihel ,bible ( #adge1 9 :i* !re are two initials ) pr(iles1 b nei!r ( !m grotesque4#aj #aj ,!re are two pictorial lett]s 9 ! fif? ,g]man ,bible 7see ! reproductions ( bo? at pp4 #aah1 #aai71 9 :i* ! bord] is =m$ p>tly ( a grotesque pr(ile4 ,! five specim5s giv5 are select$ f ! ?irte5 lett]s compris$ 9 ! collection1 & ne$ no description4 ,! o!rs consi/ ( a ,d1 :i* is 9 reality ! same z our ,c b rev]s$2 a ,g1 two ,l's1 an ,r1 a ,t1 & a ,v4 ,"o ( ! ,l's has a sun ) full face1 & ! ,t1 besides be+ ( an unusual patt]n1 has also a grotesque pr(ile4 ,un=tunately x has be5 daub$ ov] by a rubricator too badly = reproduction4 ,! ,s ) ! two human figures occurs sev]al times 9 ,rihel's ,lat9 ,bible1 & 0 giv5 by u 9 a =m] essay#aa z a specim5 ( ,basle woodcuts4 ,we n[ class x provisionally ) ,augsburg4 #aa #8,on ,"s ,old ,initial ,lett]s4' ,! ,libr>y1 ,janu>y #aija4 ,( ,sorg1 our e>lie/ specim5s are ( ! pure ,maiblm*5 patt]n1 ! ,s )\t any trace ( hi/oriation be+ f a copy ( ,/4 ,ambrosius on ,/4 ,luke ( #adgf4 ,o!r lett]s ( ?is type are to be f\nd 9 8 ,breid5ba* & o!r works1 b lat] on !y become almo/ id5tical ) ^? ( ,kell]4 ,comp>e ! ,a & ! ,h f ! ,val]ius ,maximus ( ,sorg ( #adhj1 ) ! ,e & ,v f ! ,kell] edition ( ,ari/otle's ,op]a ,nonnulla ( #adgi4 ,! ,s ) a grotesque pr(ile at ea* end & ! lett]s ,g ,i ,a dates f #adhj1 & is ! fir/ initial we h met ) 9 :i* ! fool1 s popul> 9 ! imag]y ( ! p]iod1 "h complete ) cap1 ass's e>s1 bells & cockscomb1 is repres5t$4 ,s*nsp]g]'s initials1 ( :i* f\r reproductions are giv51 are a little lat]1 #adhi4 ,we come n[ to pictorial initials1 & 9 ?is respect ! pr9t]s ( ,augsburg _h be5 anticipat$ by ^? ( ,ulm & ,nuremb]g4 ,x 0 9 #adgc t ! f\r? ,g]man ,bible 0 publi%$ at ,nuremb]g4 ,x 0 probably ! success ( ?is edition t induc$ ,gn!r ,za9] to br+ out ! magnific5t folio class$ z fif?1 :i* may truly1 f its size & solidity1 be consid]$ z a typographical monum5t4 ,za9]'s fir/ edition 7! fif? ,g]man ,bible7 0 undat$1 b 0 publi%$ ei!r 9 #adgd or #adge4 ,x succe$$ s well t ano!r edition1 ?is "t dat$ & 9 two volumes1 0 publi%$ 9 #adgg1 ) small ornam5tal initials at ! beg9n+s ( ! *apt]s1 z well z ! l>ge pictorial lett]s previ\sly us$ at ! comm5cem5t ( ea* book4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 ! ,augsburg & ,nuremb]g initials c be se5 9 our reproductions1 ! =m] be+ tall] & surr\nd$ ) accessory ornam5ts4 ,9 ! ,nuremb]g ,bible1 ,cor9?ians #a & #b1 ,ephesians1 ,philippians1 ,!ssalonians #a & #b1 ,timo?y #a & #b1 ,titus & ,philemon1 all h ! same initial4 ,hebrews has no initial at all1 nor has ,galatians4 ,9 ! ,augsburg edition ! lett]s are all diff]5t2 ,galatians has its initial1 & ,hebrews beg9s ) a pictorial ,z4 ,9 ,sorg's ,bible ( #adgg1 ! only l>ge hi/oriat$ lett] is ! ,b at ! beg9n+ ( ! d$icatory epi/le1 ) bi%op & c>d9al 9 a cell :i*1 z c be se5 9 ! correspond+ ,nuremb]g initial1 looks l a ?ird-class railway comp>tm5t4 ,!re is a small] ,d1 n wor? reproduc+4 ,! diff]5t books ( ! ,bible are mo/ly prec$$ by small engrav+s4 ,b ,sorg's be/ hi/oriat$ initials1 9 fact ! only ones ) :i* we are acqua9t$ 7= ! ,b 9 8 ,bible is a copy ( ,za9]'s71 are to be f\nd 9 a "w by ,h5ricus ,suso1 #8dictus ,am&us1' publi%$ 9 #adhb3 ,das ,bu* das heisset ,d] ,seusse1 a translation ( 8 ,horologium aet]nae ,sapi5tiae4 ,?is book conta9s a numb] ( engrav+s on ,biblical subjects1 :i* are mo/ (t5 pa9t$ ov] beyond ! possibility ( reproduction4 ,su* is ! case ) ! copies bo? 9 ! ,briti% ,museum & 9 ! ,p>is ,national ,libr>y4 ,besides ^! illu/rations !re are ?ree l>ge pictorial initials1 ,c1 ,r1 & ,s1 ( :i* ! ,c alone occurs twice1 repres5t+1 ! ,c an angel appe>+ to a woman1 ! ,r a sa9t ) a crozi]1 & ! ,s an eagle1 ! backgr\nd be+ fill$ up ) ,maiblm*54 ,t[>ds ! end ( ! c5tury ,ratdolt1 :o _h return$ f ,v5ice1 0 ! *ief pr9t] at ,augsburg4 ,among/ 8 o!r productions1 ,ratdolt pr9t$ a numb] ( liturgical works1 ! mo/ beautiful t we h se5 be+ ! folio ,brevi>y ( #adic4 ,! type is admirable1 & ^? pages :i* beg9 ) ! l>ge lett]s1 su* z ! ,c ) ! ,pope1 or ! ,h 7,all ,sa9ts71 pr9t$ z !y are ) ! brilliant black ink ( ! p]iod1 are p>ticul>ly effective4 ,! ,b at ! beg9n+ ( ! ,psalt] is us$ aga9 9 ! small] ,psalt] ( #adii1 z are sev]al ( ! small] initials4 ,! p>s ae/ivalis beg9s ) ! ,u4 ,! ,c ) ,/4 ,urban is at ! comm5cem5t ( ! section ,de ,sanctis4 ,two ( ! small] initials occur 9 ! l>g] ,psalt]1 :i* are n 9 ! small] "o4 ,a ,d repres5t+ a k9d ( ,indian ) a club & fea!rs is ! fool ref]r$ to 9 ! op5+ words ( ! ,psalm ,dixit insipi5s4 ,ano!r ,d has ,jesus kneel+ to ,8 fa!r 7,dixit ,deus ,dom9o meo74 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! crucifixion initials ( ! ,psalt] ( #adii are n 9 ?is edition4 ,! ,psalt] ( #adii1 ,psalt]ium cum app>atu vulg>i famili>it] impresso--,late9is* ,psalt] mit dem teuts*5 nutzli*5 dabey g$ruckt1 has n ! impos+ appe>ance ( ! e>li] folio volume1 b l all ,ratdolt's "w is well pr9t$4 ,?is w\ld appe> to h be5 tak5 z a model = ,psalt]s 9 ! ,vulgate4 ,!re are sev]al editions ( diff]5t t[ns ) ! text fram$1 z x 71 by a translation 9 ! v]nacul> 9 small] type4 ,! ,psalt] ( ,furt] has ! same disposition1 ! initial lett]s1 al?\gh diff]5t 9 treatm5t1 correspond+ almo/ exactly ) ^? ( ,ratdolt's ,psalt]4 ,knobl\* has a simil> ,psalt]1 b ) non-hi/oriat$ initials4 ,9 ! ,metz ,psalt] ( ,ho*ff$]1 o!rwise on ! same plan1 ! only initial is on ! title-page4 ,9 ! ,missal ( ,fris+5 ( #adib !re are no hi/oriat$ lett]s1 & ! ornam5tal initials 9 ! ,v5etian /yle are un=tunately mo/ outrage\sly col\r$ 9 ! only copy we h se54 ,among/ o!r lett]s !re is 9 x an extremely curi\sly design$ ,s :i* is difficult to describe1 b :i* we w\ld recomm5d to /ud5ts ( lett]+4 ,9 ! ,d1 :i* is 9 ! %ape ( a ,go?ic ,g]man ,q rev]s$1 & ! ,p1 !re is a bran*-"w patt]n />t+ tang5tially f a c5tral circle & end+ 9 trifoliat$ ornam5ts altoge!r graceful & h>moni\s4 ,ratdolt's m>k is on ! la/ page1 & above x3 #8,erh>di ,ratdolt felicia conspice signa1 ,te/ata artificem qua valet ipse manum4' ,ratdolt cont9u$ to pr9t liturgical works = "s "p ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 b ! only o!r volume ( ! k9d t we h _h at our disposal is ! ,p>s ,ae/ivalis ( ! ,brevi>ium ,con/anti5se4 ,ratdolt1 ,aug ,v9del1 #aeaf4 ,9 ?is book !re are f\r pages ) bord]s1 "o ( :i* is reproduc$1 & on ! opposite sides are full-page engrav+s4 ,!re are eight initials1 :i* we reproduce1 & :i* are also1 we believe1 to be f\nd 9 8 ,ratisbon ,brevi>y4 ,hi!rto1 ) ! exception ( ! la/-m5tion$ "w1 we h _h to d ) :at may be call$ ! fir/ /yle ( engrav+1 9 :i* designs & pictures drawn by ! arti/ 7 execut$ by ! wood-cutt] 9 l9e> reproduction only4 ,) ,alb]t ,dr]1 h[ev]1 came a new epo*1 & x became ! cu/om = arti/s n only to design b also to engrave _! own "w4 ,?is practice1 :i* 0 comm5c$ by ,dr]1 :o s]v$ a long appr5tice%ip to ! celebrat$ ,wohlgemu?1 0 cont9u$ by mo/ ( 8 pupils1 & new te*nical me?ods 7 naturally ! consequ5ce4 ,h5ce=? ! m lib]al use ( %ad+1 & ! inv5tion ( cross-hat*+1 enabl$ effects to be produc$ :i* _h be5 be=e impossible4 ,! results may be se5 to ?is day 9 ! magnific5t engrav+s by ! great arti/s ( ! beg9n+ ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 :i*1 not)/&+ ! difficulties "u :i* !y lab\r$1 h nev] be5 excell$4#ab ,_! productions1 ev5 :5 x comes to initials1 are real compositions ) a p]sonal "*4 #ab ,at ?is "t ! wood employ$ = engrav+ 0 pe>1 & ! surface ( ! block 0 p>allel to ! fibre4 ,?is made cross-hat*+ mo/ difficult ( execution1 & 9 consequ5ce ( ! extreme c>e & att5tion necess>y1 x is said t ! "w took eight or n9e times z long z at pres5t4 ,x is only s9ce ! days ( ,bewick t boxwood has be5 us$1 & ! blocks cut ) ! fibre ( ! wood p]p5dicul> to ! surface4 ,to m5tion ^? only :o design$ initial lett]s1 & ( ^: works we %all give specim5s1 !re 7 ,alb]t ,dr]1 ,hans ,burgkmair1 ,hans ,holbe91 ,hans ,s*auffele91 ,anton von ,worms1 ,lucas ,crana*1 ,hans ,baldung ,grn4 ,we h "h to speak ( ! initials g5]ally attribut$ to ,hans ,burgkmair1 b :i*1 accord+ to ,dr4 ,h4 ,rtt+]1 ought to be assign$ to ,hans ,weiditz1 "o ( 8 pupils4 ,^! initials are to be met ) = ! mo/ "p 9 ! publications ( ,he9ri* ,/eyn] 9 #aeca & ! foll[+ t5 or elev5 ye>s1 & come mo/ly f ,g]man translations ( classical au?ors4 ,! influ5ce ( ,alb]t ,dr]1 ( :om ,burgkmair 0 himself ! pupil1 is cle>ly se54 ,diff]5t treatises & diff]5t editions ( ,cic]o 7 publi%$ 9 #aeca1 #aece1 #aedj2 ( ,h]odianus 9 #aeca2 ,ju/9us1 #aeca2 ,boccaccio1 #aecb2 ,cassiodorus1 #aecc2 ,plut>*1 #aecd2 ,petr>*1 #aedb1 9 all ( :i* we meet ) specim5s ( ^! lett]s4 ,! ,z ) a fox try+ to get at ! p\ltry 9 ! m>ket-woman's basket is f ! ,g]man ,cic]o4 ,! ,c 7bagpip]7 & ! ,n 7c>icature ) big head & small legs7 & ! ,p ) a peacock are f ! ,magni ,aurelii ,cassiodori v>i>um libri xii4 ,! ,e ) ! monk & nun1 & ! ,c & ,h 9 a diff]5t /yle1 are f ! ,g]man ,petr>*4 ,! o!r initials are f "o or o!r ( ! volumes m5tion$4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,ulm ,,& ,,nuremb]g ,mo/ writ]s on e>ly bibliography1 among/ o!rs ,bodemann & ,mu!r1 :o bo? give reproductions ( ! initial bord] at ! beg9n+ ( ! ,lat9 ,boccaccio1 quote ,j4 ,za9] z ! fir/ pr9t] 9 ,ulm to use woodcut initials4 ,! date ( ! ,boccaccio is #adgc4 ,9 addition to ! initial bord] x conta9s a complete alphabet1#ac ( :i* we give sev]al specim5s4 ,f a decorative po9t ( view ?is alphabet is n v rem>kable1 ! lett]s be+ ( small size1 b ! book is int]e/+ on acc\nt ( ! v l>ge hi/oriat$ initial at ! beg9n+1 :i* is prolong$ along ! side & upp] m>g9s into a floro-foliat$ bord] 9 imitation ( ! m elaborate decoration ( ! old manuscripts4 ,! subject repres5ts t v un=tunate incid5t 9 ! hi/ory ( ! fir/ woman :i* 0 ! cause ( all ! subsequ5t unhapp9ess ( mank9d4 ,eve1 :o is ! h]o9e ( ! fir/ *apt] ( ?is book on celebrat$ wom51 is repres5t$ 9 ! act ( receiv+ ! apple f ! ar* deceiv]1 :o is ensconc$ 9 ! bran*es ( ! fatal tree ) 8 tail twi/$ into ! lett] ,s4 ,above1 9 ! bran*es ( ! tree1 are small p]sonages emblematic ( ! sev5 deadly s9s4 ,9 a ,g]man edition ( ! same book ( ! same ye>1 ! initial becomes a ,d1 & conta9s ! arms ( ! noble to :om ! "w is d$icat$1 ) w+$ angels at ! corn]s1 be+ prolong$ into bord]s along ! two adjac5t m>g9s4 ,9 ^! two in/ances ! initial lett] =ms "p ( ! g5]al composition4 #ac ,copi$ f a manuscript ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 ! #8,evangeli>e ( ,/4 ,udalri*4' ,9 ano!r /yle ( bord] ! initial is m]ely plac$ 9 juxtaposition1 & ! same design is ?us able to s]ve = any book ) any lett]4 ,!re is a rem>kably vigor\s folio-floral bord] ) ! head & %\ld]s ( a fool ) 8 cap1 bells1 & o!r insignia1 at ! angle ( ! two m>g9s 9 ! ,lib] ,biblie ,moralis1 #adgd4 ,! same composition is us$ 9 ! ,alv>us ,pelagius ! ye> be=e4#ad #ad ,9 *ur* ar*itecture1 & 9 e>ly book ornam5tation1 :i* reflects s well ! ideas & cu/oms ( ! "t1 ! fool did n make 8 appe>ance be=e ! middle ( ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,wright1 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ,c>icature1 m5tions z e>ly in/ances "s sculptures ( ?is date 9 *ur*es ( ,cornwall1 & x 0 ab\t ! same "t t ?is p]sonage is fir/ se5 9 manuscript decoration4 ,! idea1 h[ev]1 0 mu* old]1 spr++ f t ta/e = ! grotesque :i* *>act]is$ ! ,middle ,ages1 & ! relics ( :i* are se5 9 s _m arti/ic rema9s ( ! p]iod4 ,f ! t5? c5tury & ev5 e>li]1 companies ( fools exi/$ 9 all l>ge t[ns1 & on c]ta9 occasions ,"m ,folly & ! ,"l ( ,misrule reign$ supreme4 ,! cult ( ! ass1 ^: e>s 7 to become lat] "p ( ! fool's insignia1 0 ano!r outcome ( ?is love ( ! burlesque4 ,9 pr9t$ books1 ! fir/ engrav+ we are acqua9t$ ) ( a fool is 9 ! bord] to ! ,lib] ,biblie ,moralis ( #adge4 ,9 initial lett]s1 z f> z we h be5 able to asc]ta91 ?is subject 0 n us$ be=e #adhj1 :5 x is to be f\nd 9 specim5s bo? ( ,augsburg & ( ,/rasburg4 ,a rem>kable portrait ( a fool is conta9$ 9 an ,o 9 ,s*ott's ,pl5>ium1 pr9t$1 z is /at$ 9 ! colophon1 at #8,/rospurg1' 9 #adha4 ,knoblo*tz]'s l>ge ,s1 = ! ,dyalogus ,solomonis et ,m>colfi1 gives a fool ) ano!r p]sonage at full l5g?1 & at la/ ! typical fool1 ) a m>otte & all o!r acc\trem5ts1 is met ) 9 initials ( diff]5t ,psalt]s1 be+ well se5 9 t ( ,frt] ( ,basle4 ,h5ce=?1 ) a face *>act]is$ by le]+ cunn+1 ! type is to rema9 un*ang$1 & ,br&t1 ,erasmus1 & ,holbe9 only add to its popul>ity1 )\t modify+ ! g5]al conception4 ,!re is a little pictorial initial by ,qu5tell1 9 :i* ! usual expression is replac$ by "o ( extreme f9esse1 b co>s] cunn+ is ! rule1 & x is "u ?is aspect t ! fool is depict$ by ,holbe9 9 ! ,r ( ! alphabet ( ,dea?4 ,9 ! ,quadragesimale ( ,grits* !re is a simil> bord]1 b ! fool is replac$ by a p]sonage ) a doctor's bonnet4 ,! lett]s accompany+ ^! bord]s belong to ! alphabet1 ( :i* we give sev]al reproductions1 & :i* is ! mo/ frequ5tly us$ 9 ,j4 ,za9]'s works4#ae #ae ,reib] 9 8 ,art p\r ,t\s gives a simil> alphabet ( ! ,augsburg ,za9]1 :i*1 he says1 is copi$ f a manuscript ( ! t5? c5tury4 ,ano!r great "w f ! ,ulm press is ! ,cosmographia ( ,ptolemy1 pr9t$ by ,leon>d ,holl1 9 :i* !re is an alphabet ( initials n unlike ^? ( ,s*nsp]g] already giv54 ,^? ( ,l4 ,holl ought to h be5 pref]r$ z illu/rations1 inasmu* z !y are e>li] ?an ! o!rs1 #adhb1 b !y are almo/ inv>iably pa9t$ & unfit = z9cotype reproduction4 ,! *ief int]e/1 moreov]1 9 ! book is 9 its two l>ge hi/oriat$ initials on ! fir/ two pages1 ! fir/ %[+ ! pr9t] (f]+ 8 book to ! ,pope1 ! second repres5t+ probably ,ptolemy himself4 ,our la/ specim5 ( ,j4 ,za9]'s engrav+ is ! ,f :i* beg9s ! d$icatory epi/le ( ! ,lat9 ,bible ( #adhj1 & :i* is a curi\s example ( ! p]egr9ations ( woodcuts ?r\gh diff]5t work%ops1 & ( ! incongru\s uses to :i* !y 7 put4 ,9 ! ,ulm ,bible ! lett] is mu* fre%] & ! bord]-l9e v little brok51 b our reproduction is f an impression made :5 x 0 mu* ! worse = we>1 & _h pass$ into ! h&s ( ,hupfuff ( ,/rasburg4 ,x has be5 us$ by him )\t any k9d ( apropos1 n z an initial b z a frontispiece to a tract publi%$ 9 #aejg ) ! foll[+ title3 ,canon ,sacratissime ,misse una c2 ,expositione ejusdem ubi 9 primis praemittitur pul*ra contemplatio ante missam hab5da de ,cri/i pul*ritud9e4#af #af ,on ! title-page ( a little pamphlet entitl$ #8,deploration sur le ,trepas de tres noble ,pr9cesse ,madame ,magdala9 de ,france ,royne ,descoce1' ( :i* only "o copy is kn[n1 ! frontispiece is a ,b %[+ ! ,que5 hold+ up a dagg]1 & ) ! motto #8,mem5to mori4' ,e /ud5t ( bibliography has met ) in/ances ( ! use ( illu/rations hav+ no ref]5ce to ! text1 simply to fill up a space & because no?+ m suitable 0 at h&4 ,cuts1 = in/ance1 f ,br&t's illu/rations to ,grn+]'s ,virgil are to be f\nd 9 "s volumes ( ,geyl]'s ,s]mons4 ,! same indiff]5ce to ! read]'s op9ion 0 (t5 display$ 9 connection ) ornam5tal lett]s4 ,:5 ! lett] is simply ornam5tal x does n mu* matt]3 a ,c turn$ ov] becomes a ,d1 & vice v]s4 ,an ,m at a p9* s]ves rev]s$ z a ,w1 an ,n on its side does = a ,z4 ,b :51 z is sometimes ! case1 ! lett] tak5 lib]ties ) is pictorial or hi/oriat$1 ! result+ effect is f> f arti/ic4 ,"h !re is1 ( c\rse1 no absolute incompatibility betwe5 text & illu/ration1 :i* 0 probably consid]$ a v satisfactory make%ift = ! cut :i* (t5 adorns ! recto or v]so ( contempor>y title-pages1 repres5t+ ! au?or pres5t+ 8 book to a patron4 ,9 #adif ,j4 ,reg] publi%$ books ) initials1 ( :i* we h select$ ! ,m1 ! ,c1 & ! ,s4 ,!y come f ! ,obsidionis ,rhodie ,urbis descriptio ( ,ca\rs91 a "w v mu* s\ght aft] on acc\nt ( its full-page woodcuts1 "s ( :i* repres5t incid5ts 9 ! siege1 o!rs ! ent]ta9m5t ( an ambassador by ! ,gr& ,ma/]4 ,! ,m & ! ,c are ! only lett]s ) animat$ subjects2 ! o!rs1 ,r1 ,h1 ,n1 & ,g are simply foliat$1 & ! pro(s are too inf]ior = reproduction4 ,! same pr9t] has ano!r book ( ! same date ab\t ,rhodes1 ! ,/abilim5ta ,rhodiorum militum1 ) ?ree int]e/+ initials1 an ,f1 a boy ) a dog1 an ,o1 a nak$ w+$ babe1 & an ,x1 a bird ) foliage4 ,nuremb]g4--,if ,za9] at ,augsburg 0 ! fir/ to introduce woodcut lett]s pr9t$ 9 black ink1 ! practice 0 adopt$ v soon aft] at ,nuremb]g1 if inde$1 sett+ aside ! outl9e initials already m5tion$1 ,nuremb]g has n ! priority z reg>ds g5u9e ornam5tal woodcutt+4 ,= :]eas ! ,belial ( #adgb is ! fir/ "w m5tion$ by ,buts* ) woodcut lett]s at ,augsburg1 at ,nuremb]g1 :]e ,j4 ,mll] ( ,knigsb]g 7,regiomontanus71 z is /at$ by ,panz]1 settl$ 9 #adga1 8 fir/ publication1 ! ,!oricae ,novae ,planet>um ( ,georgius ,purba*ius1 is embelli%$ ) eight initials4 ,^! are int]e/+ z af=d+ ano!r example ( ! fact t ! e>li] designs 7 g5]ally tak5 f manuscripts1 = ,ols*ki1 9 8 ,monum5ta ,typographica1 gives ! reproduction ( a manuscript initial :i* is ( ! same size & ( ! same patt]n z ! ,s we h giv5 f ! ,!oricae ,novae1 & :i* conta9s besides eight small] initials1 ,d1 ,l1 ,m1 ,o1 ,p1 ,q1 ,s1 ,v1 measur+ #bd c5timetres4 ,!re is a ,q ( ! same /yle & size 9 ! ,a/ronomicon ( ,m4 ,manilius1 publi%$ by ,mll] 9 #adgc4 ,mll]1 or ,regiomontanus1 z he /yles himself 9 8 colophons1 0 n only a pr9t]1 b "o ( ! mo/ le>n$ ma!maticians ( ! day4 ,9 #adga he pr9t$ a ,cal5d>ium ( 8 own ) _m a/ronomical figures & woodcut initials4 ,9 #adgf ,ratdolt & 8 p>tn]s pr9t$ an edition ( ?is ) a *>m+ bord] & initials at ,v5ice1 & 9 #adif x 0 publi%$ by ,j4 ,hamman de ,l&oia4 ,9 #adgc appe>$ ! fir/ ,g]man ,bible ) l>ge pictorial initials1 ! ,nuremb]g ,bible ( ,frisn] & ,s5s5s*midt1 kn[n z ! f\r? ,g]man ,bible4 ,9 our op9ion ! "w on ^! initials is among/ ! be/ ( ! "t1 & (t5 mu* sup]ior to :at is to be f\nd 9 ord9>y illu/rative cuts ( ! same date4 ,! subjects are ! same z 9 ! ,augsburg ,bible1 b ! initials diff] 9 be+ wid] ?an tall 9 ! ,nuremb]g edition1 & 9 ! abs5ce ( ! ,maiblm*5 decorative bord] :i* is a feature ( ! o!rs4 ,aft] ! ,g]man ,bible1 we "k ( no initials ( v great int]e/ 9 ,nuremb]g books = "s ye>s4 ,kob]g]1 :o reign$ supreme 9 ?is t[n1 did n fav\r _! use4#ag #ag ,9 a rec5t catalogue ( ?irty-sev5 works publi%$ by him1 no woodcut initials occur 9 any4 ,9 #adhi a book 0 publi%$1 g5]ally attribut$ to ,g4 ,/u*s1 :i* is int]e/+ 9 _m ways4#ah ,! title1 :i* is xylographic1 runs z foll[s3 #8,v]sehung leib sel er unnd gut1' anglic3 #8,! way to pres]ve body1 s\l1 hon\r1 & means1' & on ! v]so is a rem>kable engrav+ ( a sick p]son 9 b$ surr\nd$ by att5dants1 :i* evid5tly sugge/$ ! cut repres5t+ ! sick fool 9 ,br&t's celebrat$ ,navis ,fatuorum4 ,at ! end ( ! volume is a great typographical curiosity1 :i* con/itutes1 :5 complet$ by h&1 an ex-libris4 ,?is is a woodcut engrav+ occupy+ ne>ly ! :ole ( ! page1 ) a %ield 9 blank & two scrolls4 ,on "o ( ^! are engrav$ ! words1 ,das ,pu* und d] ,s*ild i/1 ! correspond+ "o be+ int5d$ = ! own]'s "n1 & ! %ield = 8 coat ( arms4 #ah ,proctor ascribes ?is "w to ei!r ,conrad ,z5+] or ,pet] ,wagn]4 ,9 our copy ?is book-plate rema9s 9 its orig9al condition1 b we h se5 ano!r t 0 fill$ up at ! "t1 & :i* has be5 ! means ( rescu+ ! "n ( a wor?y monk f oblivion4 ,9 x1 ! fir/ "p ( ! s5t5ce is complet$ by ! addition ( ! words1 des ,clo/]s zum ,p>fus5 hat ,eundres ,gewd] gema*t1 ! :ole =m+ an ex-libris ( ! ,mona/]y ( ,b>efoot$ ,bro!rs ( ,/4 ,francis1 & te/ify+ to ! skill ( ! #8biblio!c>ius1' ,&rew ,gewd]1 :o engross$ & illum9at$ x4 ,!re are two specim5s ( ?is page also 9 ! ,franks collection ( book-plates at ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,9 "o ( ^! ! space is blank1 9 ! o!r x is fill$ up ) ! "n ( a nun1 ,b>b>a4 ,! *ief int]e/ ( ?is volume1 h[ev]1 resides 9 its initial lett]s1 aft] ! designs :i* are pres]v$ at ! ,p9aco!k at ,muni*1 ( ,israel von ,meck54 ,_m ( !m are repeat$ a great _m times1 !re be+ altoge!r betwe5 sev5ty & eighty impressions2 b ^! repres5t only eight diff]5t lett]s ( ! alphabet1 ,a1 ,d1 ,e1 ,h1 ,i1 ,m1 ,p1 ,s4 ,( ^! ! ,e1 :i* we give1 is ! only lett] :i* is bo? engrav$ & pr9t$ p]fectly1 ! ,a be+ ! next be/4 ,ne>ly all ! o!rs are flat1 (t5 want+ 9 dep? & relief1 besides be+ badly pr9t$4 ,altoge!r ?is book is "o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ relics ( e>ly typography1 & is especially noticeable z be+ ! fir/ volume illu/rat$ by a kn[n arti/4 ,9 ! e>ly sixte5? c5tury1 works publi%$ at ,nuremb]g 7 n z a rule well suppli$ ) ornam5tal initials1 ! complicat$ calligraphic lett]s t became s common 9 ,g]man books1 & t 7 little us$ else:]e1 tak+ _! place4 ,buts* 9 8 reproductions ( alphabets ( ?is p]iod does n give any specim5s4 ,?is is all ! m rem>kable 9 t ,nuremb]g 0 ! home ( ,alb]t ,dr] & ! great c5tre ( ! wood-engrav]'s art4 ,! few examples1 moreov]1 t we h se51 are v primitive bo? 9 design & 9 execution1 z ! read] c see f ! reproductions tak5 f ! ,missale ,patavi5se1 pr9t$ by ,jodocus ,gutne*t1 #aead4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,basle ,,& ,,zuri* ,pr9t+ 0 introduc$ into ,basle be=e #adfh1 hav+ be5 prec$$1 z 9 mo/ o!r t[ns ( ! upp] ,rh9e1 by xylographic publications4 ,no ,basle book be>s a pr9t$ date e>li] ?an #adgc1 b ! abs5ce ( su* pr9t$ date does n prove t ! introduction ( pr9t+ into ,basle did n take place e>li]1 & a note ( ! pur*ase 9 #adfh ( a copy ( ,/4 ,gregory's ,moralia 9 ,job1 pr9t$ by ,b]?old ,rodt or ,ruppel ( ,hanau1 %[s t he mu/ h be5 at "w at t "t4 ,f ! po9t ( view ( initial lett]s we w pass ov] ,b]?old ,rodt & ,mi*ael ,w5ssl]1 to come to ! publications ( ,b]n>d ,ri*el1 ! mo/ int]e/+ ( :i* are 8 ,sa*s5spiegel ( #adgd & ! ,lat9 ,bible1 :i* _h sev]al editions1 ^! appe>+ 9 #adga-ge-gg4 ,9 describ+ ?is "w1 ,panz] 9 8 ,annales ,typographici rem>ks t ! woodcut initials d n occur 9 all ! copies4 ,9 "s ( !m _! place is left blank4 ,?is is ano!r evid5ce ( ! e>ly pr9t]'s reluctance to adopt pr9t$ ornam5ts z ! def9ite =mula1 & if any fur!r pro( is necess>y x w be f\nd 9 ! fact t ev5 :]e woodcut lett]s are us$1 !y are (t5 m or less enliv5$ ) col\rs4 ,we h already allud$ to ^! initials 9 describ+ ^? ( ,bml]1 & we h t\*$ ^u ! po9t z to :o 0 ! fir/ to make use ( ! hi/oriat$ ,s :i* has a c]ta9 analogy ) ! xylographic lett] m5tion$ 9 a =m] *apt]1 f ! ,ars ,memor&i4 ,!re are 9 ?is ,bible f\r diff]5t sets ( lett]s1 b ( none ( ^! is !re a complete alphabet1 al?\gh b few lett]s are want+ ( ! l>ge/4 ,! next ne>ly complete is ! second 9 size4 ,( ! f\r diff]5t sets1 ! second 9 size is ( a special design1 diff]5t to any?+ we h met )4 ,! o!rs are pure specim5s ( ,maiblm*5 ornam5tation1 & among/ ! be/ ( ! k9d4 ,! ?ree diff]5t-siz$ initials ) human faces are ! only lett]s 9 ! volume ) any trace ( hi/oriation4 ,sev]al ,psalt]s 7 publi%$ ei!r at ! end ( ! fifte5? or at ! beg9n+ ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 ( exactly ! same size & g5]al disposition1 two ( !m ) initial lett]s t correspond 9 subject al?\gh v diff]5t 9 treatm5t4 ,^! are ! ,psalt]s ( ,basle & ,augsburg4 ,! latt] has be5 dealt ) 9 a previ\s *apt]4 ,! ,basle ,psalt] 0 publi%$ by ,furt] 9 #aeja1 & ! initials ( ! two volumes c be contra/$ & comp>$ ) ^? t h j be5 dealt )4 ,9 ^! lett]s1 ! fool :o sai? 9 8 he>t !re is no ,god 7,dixit insipi5s71 is repres5t$ 9 ! ,d :i* beg9s ! ,psalm z a je/]1 :i* is n q appropriate4 ,9 ! ,mall]mi ,bible1 :]e !re is in/ead ( an hi/oriat$ lett] a little cut1 ! r5d]+ is m correct4 ,! fool is !re1 a man ) di%evell$ hair1 & hav+ e appe>ance ( hav+ lo/ 8 reason4 ,! ,c ) ,absalom hang+ by 8 hair is reproduc$ z an example ( ,basle woodcutt+ 9 ,mu!r's ,b*]illu/ration4 ,!re is among/ ^! initials a nondescript k9d ( lett] :i* is an example ( ! c>elessness t sometimes occurr$ 9 ! work%op4 ,x 0 int5d$ = an ,e1 b ! draughtsman =got t ! draw+ w\ld be rev]s$ 9 ! pr9t+1 & ! pr9t] has arrang$ matt]s 9 ! text by turn+ ! lett] upside d[n4 ,9 a =m] essay 7,! ,libr>y1 #aija7 we gave ?ree specim5s--,s1 ,t1 & ,v--f a book entitl$ ,lib] ,decretorum sive panormia1 etc4 etc41 z examples ( ,furt]'s ornam5tation4 ,lett]s ( ?is alphabet occur also 9 an extremely r>e book unkn[n to ,ha91 )\t date or "n ( pr9t]1 b und\bt$ly pr9t$ at ,basle1 ! ,decreta ,consilii ,basili5sis4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 c]ta9 t !y 7 us$ 9 a "w pr9t$ at ,besanon "s t5 ye>s be=e ! ,lib] ,decretorum1 & al?\gh ! fif? volume ( ,claud9's ,hi/oire de l',imprim]ie en ,france 9 :i* ?is "w 0 to be describ$ has n yet appe>$1 we h reason to believe t !y are to be attribut$ to ?is t[n1 & 7 to be giv5 9 ! *apt] 9 :i* x is m5tion$4 ,we %all h to ref] lat] to ! frequ5cy ( ! repetition 9 "s volumes ( ! same initial4 ,9 ! ,g]man ,bibles1 = in/ance1 ! diff]5t books mo/ (t5 beg9 by ! ^w #8,d]1' & consequ5tly by an initial ,d4 ,9 a book ( s]mons by t extraord9>ily f]tile writ]1 ,geyl] von ,kais]sp]g1 n only does e section comm5ce ) ! lett] ,d1 b ) ! same id5tical initial4 ,9 ?is volume1 ! ,*ri/ianli*e ,bilg]s*aft1 pr9t$ by ,adam ,petri 9 #aeab1 ! preface beg9s by a floral lett] ( no consequ5ce4 ,aft] t ! ,d1 ) a pilgrim & a cross on 8 %\ld]1 is repeat$ at ! comm5cem5t ( e *apt]1 possibly ?irty times4 ,! title-page has an illu/ration by ,urs ,graf ) ! same subject4 ,! la/ ye>s ( ! fifte5? c5tury _h pass$ away1 b ! ,g]man pr9t]s1 includ+ ev5 ,ratdolt1 :o _h return$ to ,augsburg f ,v5ice1 /ill resi/$ ! influ5ce ( ,r5aissance art4 ,9 ! ,n>r5s*iff ( ,br&t ( #adic we c see ! sci5ce ( ! draughtsm5 excell5tly int]pret$1 b ! ,go?ic facture /ill holds good aga9/ ! encroa*m5t ( m mod]n arti/ic t5d5cies1 & x is n until t[>ds #aeab or #aeac t ! new ideas beg9 to be m g5]ally accept$4 ,b z a mod]n writ] has said3 #8,ds que la ,r5aissance lum9euse a p>u1 tranant d]rire elle l'admirable cortge de ses matres dlicats1 fils de la ,grce antique qui m\lai5t la feuille div9e de l'acan! sur le se9 d'une vi]ge endormie1 le vieux monde s'cr\la et l'ornem5t go?ique fit place la triomphante et potique arabesque dev5ue l'aurore n\velle4' ,x is 9 ! ,ritt] von ,?urn1 publi%$ by ,furt] 9 #aeae1 t we see fir/ ?is influ5ce 9 ! =m ( a title by ,urs ,graf1 copi$ f ! ,v5etian orig9al1 & ornam5t$ ) dolph9s & acan?us4 ,besides a great _m titles1 ,urs ,graf also engrav$ a c]ta9 numb] ( alphabets1 inspir$ to a great ext5t by ^? ( ,tacu9us de ,trid9o1 b want+ 9 orig9ality1 & g5]ally inf]ior to ! orig9als4 ,! read] c comp>e ! two k9ds ( initials4 ,b x 0 ! arrival ( a "y arti/ ( g5ius t complet$ ! revolution at ,basle 9 ! ornam5tation ( books4 ,?is is n ! place to discuss ! m]it ( ,holbe9 z a pa9t]1 nor to /udy ! long s]ies ( title-pages1 bord]s1 friezes1 & pr9t]s' m>ks :i* he compos$ = diff]5t pr9t]s ( ,basle & else:]e4 ,we are conc]n$ "h only ) 8 alphabets2 & ( ^? :i* be> m p>ticul>ly ! m>k ( 8 g5ius1 ! alphabet ( ,dea? occupies ! fir/ place4 ,?is z a composition is a *ef d'uvre1 & x 0 engrav$ on wood by an arti/ ( ! v highe/ m]it1 ,hans ,ltzelb]g]4 ,^! initials1 not)/&+ _! small dim5sions1 ab\t tw5ty-f\r millimetres squ>e1 c well be> comp>ison ) ! l>g] engrav+s 9 ,les ,simula*res et ,hi/ories ,faces de la ,mort :i* 0 to appe> sev]al ye>s lat] at ,lyons1 9 #aech1 *ez les frres ,tre*sel ,s\bz l'escu de ,coloigne4 ,! alphabet is compos$ ( tw5ty-f\r lett]s1 & sev]al ( ! orig9al pro(-%eets are to be f\nd 9 diff]5t ,cont95tal museums4 ,basle & ,dresd5 ea* possess "o4 ,! lett]s ( ?is alphabet may be met ) 9 diff]5t works publi%$ by ,bebelius1 su* z ! ,new ,te/am5t 9 ,greek ( #aebe1 t ( #aeca1 ! ,gal5 ( #aech1 & p>ticul>ly 9 ! two folio volumes ( ,ari/otle :i* appe>$ 9 #aecb4 ,9 ! five fir/1 ,a to ,e1 ! body ( ! lett] is 9 :ite4 ,9 ! o!rs !re is a d\ble outl9e :i* s(t5s _! appe>ance & r$uces _! size4 ,ea* ( ! lett]s m]its a sep>ate description1 b ! reproductions giv51 z f> z !y g1 obviate all comm5t>y1 p]mitt+ ! read] to judge = himself1 & to appreciate ! ju/ice ( ! praise t has be5 lavi%$ ^u !m by art critics4 ,! subjects 9 ! alphabet ( ,dea? are ! same z 9 ! celebrat$ ,basle frescoes4 ,9 ea* ( ^! sc5es1 m5 & wom5 ( all sorts & conditions are invit$ to accompany him by ,dea?1 :o w take no refusal nor he> ( any previ\s engagem5t2 f ,b & ,c ! ,pope & ,emp]or1 to ,v ! m]*ant1 f ! ,h]mit full ( ye>s ,w1 to ! *ild 9 its cradle ,v1 ! ,la/ ,judgm5t ,z1 f9i%+ ! s]ies4 ,! ,lat9 alphabet 7= !re are "s ,greek initials7 conta9s two subjects n to be f\nd ei!r 9 ! frescoes or 9 ! l>g] illu/rations = ! well-kn[n satire1 ,v ! horseman ) ,dea? sitt+ beh9d l black c>e1 & ,s ! c\rtesan4 ,9 ! ,greek alphabet ( inf]ior execution1 c]ta9ly n ! "w ( ,ltzelb]g]1 ( :i* we give ?ree specim5s1 !re are also two o!r subjects1 ! & ! 1 a peasant & a smi?4 ,curi\sly en\gh1 an enl>g$ copy ( ?is alphabet1 b ( mu* inf]ior m]it1 0 us$ m ?an t5 ye>s be=e by ,cephaleus ( ,/rasburg1 :o also _h a small] s]ies 9 ! same co>se engrav+4 ,"s ( ! lett]s are giv5 = comp>ison4 ,a v curi\s alphabet1 :i* al?\gh n equall+ ,ltzelb]g]'s is ( m ?an av]age execution1 c be b little kn[n to bibliograph]s1 = z f> z we h asc]ta9$ x only occurs 9 a few books publi%$ at ,/ella1 9 ,spa94 ,! sc5es are select$ f ! ,simula*res1 & ea* lett] is a complete little picture4 ,besides ^! alphabets a c]ta9 numb] ( ,dance ( ,dea? lett]s are to be f\nd 9 o!r books ( ,basle1 ( :i* ! ,v1 ) ,dea? on horseback ) an h\r-glass1 w s]ve z an example4 ,!y are also to be met ) 9 books ( ,cologne4 ,! ,dance ( ,dea?1 al?\gh intimately associat$ ) ! "n ( ,holbe91 0 n 8 creation1 ! subject hav+ always be5 a fav\rite "o 9 ! ,middle ,ages1 & hav+ be5 treat$ also by ,alb]t ,dr]4 ,x 0 ! g5]al rule to repres5t ,dea?1 :o al?\gh a skeleton 0 end[$ ) motion1 ) )]$ muscles4 ,9 an extremely preci\s book1 pr9t$ by ,meyd5ba* at ,may5ce1 ,d] ,dot5 ,tantz mit ,figur5 ,clage unt ,antwort s*on von ,all5 ,/at5 d] ,welt1 :i* is illu/rat$ ) =ty-"o curi\s cuts ) ! same subjects z ,holbe9's alphabet1 ,dea? is ?us repres5t$1 & ! same ?+ is se5 9 o!r ,g]man editions ( ?is "w ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 & 9 ! num]\s ,fr5* editions ( ! ,danse ,macabre :i* appe>$ ab\t ! same "t4 ,holbe91 h[ev]1 pref]r$ to suppress ^!1 & 9 s do+ exhibit$ 8 ignorance ( ! anatomy ( ! human frame4 ,n only are ! %\ld]-blades & pelvis wrongly drawn1 b ! arm & ?igh are repres5t$ ea* ) two bones1 :il/ ! =e-arm has only "o4 ,^! mi/akes h frequ5tly be5 po9t$ out be=e1 b ! fact t !y furni% an argum5t 9 ! controv]sy ab\t ,holbe9's possible soj\rn 9 ,italy seems to h be5 less notic$4 ,!re is no positive evid5ce on ?is po9t1 b argu+ f a *ange 9 ,holbe9's /yle aft] a c]ta9 p]iod1 9 :i* ! influ5ce ( ,mantegna & ,leon>do da ,v9ci is manife/1 x is said by "s ( 8 biograph]s t he mu/ h /udi$ "u ^! ma/]s4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$1 h[ev]1 t 9 ,italy at ?is "t !re 7 regul> s*ools ( pa9t+1 & x is difficult to suppose ! ma/]s above-nam$ to h be5 z ignorant ( anatomy z mu/ h be5 ! case _h ,holbe9 be5 _! pupil4 ,if 8 k 0 d]iv$1 on ! contr>y1 f contempor>y ,g]man books1 8 mi/akes become m compreh5sible4 ,! peasants' alphabet1 also compos$ ( tw5ty-f\r lett]s b ( a diff]5t "*1 is ano!r ( 8 be/ compositions4 ,! museums ( ,basle & ,dresd5 possess pro(s ( ?is alphabet4 ,! lett]s are to be f\nd 9 ! publications ( ,frob51 ,crat&]1 & ,bebelius1 & ,voltmann 9 8 ,bibliography ( ,holbe9 has giv5 "s specim5s ( !m4 ,buts* reproduces ! :ole alphabet1 z inde$ he does sev]al o!rs1 includ+ t ( ! ,dance ( ,dea?4 ,! reali/ic sc5es depict$ 9 "s ( ! lett]s1 tak5 f life1 are n always edify+1 b ?is is ! fault ( ! models r ?an t ( ! arti/4 ,9 ,a1 we h musicians play+ on _! in/rum5ts1 ,b to ,k %[ "s c\ples danc+1 ,l is a love-sc5e1 ,m a fight ) swords1 ,o a boy hold+ a girl1 :ile ano!r boy is cool+ 8 ard\r by ?r[+ wat] ov] him4 ,9 ,p ! wat] is be+ (f]$ to a girl f a pail1 ,v %[s a b[l+ gr\nd1 ) a game ( n9e-p9s1 ,w ! ride home4 ,our ?ree specim5s are tak5 n f ?is alphabet b f lett]s ) simil> subjects 9 ! ,gal54 ,( ! same size z ! peasants' is ! *ildr5's alphabet1 :i* is treat$ ) ! same happ9ess & tal5t ( obs]vation4 ,holbe9 mu/ h be5 especially fond ( *ildr51 = !y figure 9 a great _m ( 8 compositions1 titles1 bord]s1 & pr9t]s' m>ks1 & he pa9ts !m ) a grace t ,ltzelb]g]1 = x is probable t he engrav$ !m1 has caught mo/ happily4 ,! diff]5t incid5ts ( juv5ile life1 *iefly games1 are r5d]$ ) great realism4 ,sixte5 lett]s ( ?is alphabet c be f\nd 9 ! ,lactantius ( ,crat&] & ,bebelius ( #aecb1 o!rs 9 v>i\s ,basle works4 ,9 a l>g] alphabet1 *ildr5 are engag$ 9 all sorts ( trades--=g+1 cook+1 bak+1 build+1 c>p5t]+1 fi%+1 play+ at coop]+1 at be+ ba?-keep]s & tann]s4 ,! ,w1 :i* is r>ely met )1 repres5ts a boy tak+ (f a doctor ) spectacles on 8 nose1 :il/ ano!r is read+ a book1 & ! ?ird prep>+ "s physic4 ,?is play+ at adult occupations has be5 tak5 z a subject = alphabets by o!r arti/s1 ! be/ be+ t ( ,j4 van ,calc>1 to be m5tion$ pres5tly4 ,holbe9 compos$ two sets ( initials = ,val5t9 ,curio1 ^: "n appe>s on publications :i* are (t5 on philological que/ions4 ,^! lett]s1 also ) *ildr51 are to be f\nd 9 volumes (t5 ornam5t$ ) pictorial bord]s by ! same h&1 our reproductions1 ,c1 ,d1 ,o1 ,q1 be+ tak5 f ! ,/rabo ( ,wald]1 & o!rs be+ met ) 9 ! ,en*iridion ( ,erasmus4 ,f a small] set by ! same pr9t] we select ,a1 ,i1 ,n1 ,q1 ,v1 ,x1 ,y1 ,z4 ,! ,a1 ,c1 ,d1 ,d1 ,h1 ,i1 ,o1 ,p1 ,q1 ,v1 ) animals & p]sonages1 are also f ! same press4 ,( ! _m o!r initials we w m5tion ! ,greek capitals ( ! ,lexicon ,graeco-,lat9um ( ,r5 ,gelli1 publi%$ by ,frob5 9 #aecb1 f\nd also 9 ! ,lexicon ,graecum ( ,j4 ,wald]1 #aeci1 9 :i* ! repres5ts a "y woman /ruggl+ z %e is c>ri$ (f by ,dea?4 ,?is lett] is ( s+ul> beauty4 ,?is leads u to speak ( ! f\r l>ge ,greek initials :i* we give f ! ,gal5 ( #aech1 ( ,bebelius & ,crat&]1 rem>kable f e po9t ( view4 ,! repres5ts ,sil5us on a pig1 ! ,samson ) ! jaw-bone ( ! ass1 ! ! prodigal son eat+ at ! same tr\gh z ! sw9e1 ! a *ild sail+ on a %ell4 ,besides ^! f\r beautiful lett]s1 ( :i* !re are only five pro(s 9 ! "w1 "o at ! beg9n+ ( ea* ( ! five folio volumes1 ! occurr+ twice1 !re are num]\s initials f o!r alphabets scatt]$ ?r\gh its pages1 su* z ! s]ies ( :i* we give a ) a *ild & a ram1 & "s specim5s ( ! alphabet engrav$ on metal1 ( :i* we reproduce ! ,f repres5t+ ! ,deluge1 ,noah's ,ark be+ dimly p]ceiv$ ?r\gh ! ra91 ! ,m ,jacob's ladd]1 & ! ,q ,joseph & ,potiph>'s wife4 ,^! initials1 al?\gh g5]ally 9 v bad impressions1 are to be met ) 9 volumes ( ,bebelius & o!rs1 & 7 ev5 copi$ abroad4 ,!y are to be f\nd1 = in/ance1 9 ! ,comm5taires sur l',hi/oire des ,plantes pr9t$ by ,jacques ,gazeau 9 #aedi4 ,an alphabet1 ( :i* we give ! ,b1 ,i1 & ,m1 is f\nd 9 ! ,cyprianus ( ,frob5 ( #aeba1 & 9 _m ( 8 lat] impressions4 ,! ,i ) ! ?ree *ildr51 ! front "o ) ! basket on 8 back1 is g5]ally by itself1 t is to say1 n ) initials ( ! same size & "*4 ,! ,o1 also ) ?ree *ildr51 belongs to "o ( ! alphabets 9 ! same /yle1 :i* are no d\bt imitat$ f ,v5etian models4 ,we mu/ m5tion ! alphabet ( ! ,ma/] ,i ,f on a black gr\nd 9 publications by ,frob5 aft] #aeah1 ! fir/ lett]s ( :i* repres5t ! lab\rs ( ,h]cules1 ! foll[+ ones diff]5t scriptural & classical subjects4 ,! ,b ) a *ild 9 its cradle1 & ! ,e 7a w+$ *ild on a sea-horse71 are samples ( ! initials f ,basle books ( ! "t1 :i* are possibly by ,ambrose r ?an ,hans ,holbe91 z are ! ,k & ,z ) *ildr5 & grotesques1 on a black gr\nd ) />s4 ,b1 h[ev] int]e/+ ! "w ( ,holbe91 h[ev] v>i$ & supple 8 g5ius1 we _c d m ?an give specim5s ( ! :ole4 ,! read] :o is desir\s ( full] docum5tation c ref] to ,woltmann's ,holbe9 und se9e ,zeit1 ,leipsic1 #ahgb2 to ! ,b*]-,ornam5tik ( ,buts*1 or to ! m complete collection ( ,holbe9's ,initials1 rec5tly publi%$ by ,heitz4 ,holbe9's alphabets & initials 7 soon adopt$ by all ! pr9t]s ( ,basle1 & ) few exceptions until #aede !re is no?+ to note ( any o!r arti/4 ,x 0 9 ?is ye>1 ! date ( ,holbe9's dea?1 t ! ,basle edition ( ,vesalius's ,de ,corporis humani fabrica 0 pr9t$1 a "w t may be consid]$ z "o ( ! mo/ rem>kable products ( ! ,g]man ,r5aissance4 ,?is book _h be5 previ\sly publi%$ at ,v5ice1 & its success 0 s great t x 0 %ortly aft] pirat$ at ,cologne4 ,vesalius1 9 8 preface to ! ,basle edition1 alludes to ! want ( int]national copyright1 to ! di%one/y1 & p>ticul>ly to ! v&alism1 ( publi%]s :o sub/itut$ dete/able copies = ! wond]ful orig9als ( 8 anatomical plates1 :i* he w\ld h pref]r$ to l5d !m4 ,besides ^! plates1 :i* h nev] be5 surpass$ 9 beauty1 !re is ! admirable frontispiece by ,j4 van ,calc> repres5t+ a lesson on anatomy1 & two s]ies ( initial lett]s depict+ *ildr51 :o1 ) inimitable s]i\sness1 are act+ z m$ical consultants4 ,9 a lat] edition ,van ,calc>'s initials are replac$ by a mu* inf]ior set by ano!r h&4 ,zuri*4--,!re are sev]al int]e/+ alphabets 9 ! books publi%$ by ,fros*\] ( ,zuri*1 ! mo/ important ( :i* is illu/rat$ ) sc5es f ! ,bible4 ,! two ,a's1 ! ,d1 ! rev]s$ ,d t s]ves z a ,c1 & ! ,f1 are said to be by ,n4 ,manuel1 ! ,s ) ,jesus ov]turn+ ! money-*ang]s' tables 9 ! ,temple by ,ambrose ,holbe94 ,,*apt] ,v ,l,,beck ,,& ,,bamb]g ,lbeck is repres5t$ "h by two pr9t]s1 ,lucas ,br&is & ,b>?olomew ,ghotan4 ,9 "o ( 8 rec5t catalogues ,j4 ,ros5?al has giv5 ! reproduction ( an alphabet f a ,h]bal1 b ! lett]s are ( v little int]e/1 be+ ab\t ! same size z ^? ( ! ,ulm ,boccaccio & ) ! same k9d ( ornam5tation4 ,z ! fir/ lett]s us$ 9 ! t[n ( ,ulm1 & "o ( ! fir/ sets us$ by any pr9t]1 & s %[+ ! evolution ( typographical ornam5tation1 ! ,ulm initials h a c]ta9 int]e/1 b !y w\ld n h be5 wor? reproduc+ f a book dat$ almo/ tw5ty ye>s lat]4 ,lucas ,br&is publi%$ two imm5se folios1 ! ,rudim5ta ,novitiorum1 ! ,lat9 orig9al ( ! ,m] des ,hy/oires1 ! o!r ! ,hi/ory ( ! ,jews by ,josephus4 ,! fir/1 :i* appe>$ 9 #adgg1 is a k9d ( ,hi/ory ( ! ,_w1 &1 l ! ,nuremb]g ,*ronicle1 is full ( cuts repres5t+ t[ns1 k+s1 philosoph]s1 & o!r subjects4 ,^!1 h[ev]1 are mu* less int]e/+ ?an ! initials1 :i* are ! fir/ examples ( :at are call$ passe-p>t\ts1 ! c5tral picture be+ removable at w & adaptable to any frame4 ,"s ( !m are special to "o or o!r volume1 b mo/ ( !m are to be f\nd 9 bo?4 ,! mo/ curi\s is p]haps ! ,i at ! beg9n+ ( ! volume on page #c1 ( ! pure/ manuscript "*1 & entirely diff]5t f any?+ we h met ) else:]e4 ,! ,q ( ! ,qu9ta tas1 ) a battle-sc5e1 is a fav\rite "o = reproduction4 ,dibd91 :o gives x 9 ! ,biblio!ca ,sp5c]iana1 consid]s x to be #8! mo/ rem>kable' ( a #8v spl5did & notewor?y book1' & x has lately be5 reproduc$ 9 a monograph on ,lbeck pr9t+1 b a qu>t] only ( its "r size1 giv+ no idea :atev] ( h[ x looks 9 ! orig9al4 ,on page #bhi is a ,c ) ! ,virg91 un=tunately too badly daub$ ov] 9 ! ,biblio?que ,nationale copy to p]mit ( reproduction4 ,! int]ior1 ! ,virg9 & ,*ild1 is giv5 z a cut by itself )\t ! lett]1 on ! v]so ( ! same page1 & 9 o!r places4 ,( our ?ree o!r specim5s ,mr4 ,poll>d has already giv5 "o1 ! #8,knight ,templ>1' 9 an essay on ! subject n[ repr9t$ 9 a volume call$ ,old ,picture-,books4 ,! ,rudim5ta itself 0 "o ( ! great picture-books at ! end ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 & z 9 ! ,nuremb]g ,*ronicle1 ! same cuts (t5 did duty = m ?an "o subject4 ,on ! v]so ( p4 #djd is a picture repres5t+ a few build+s ) a w9dlass beh9d a wall1 ) a gate 9 x f :i* a man is em]g+2 & 9 ! =egr\nd an impos+ drap$ figure giv+ directions to ?ree little fell[s1 :o are sev]ally trundl+ a :eelb>r[1 c>ry+ a flask1 & fl\ri%+ an adze4 ,?is is at ! beg9n+ ( ! *apt] #8,turris confusionis ,babel4' ,on p4 #ajg ! same cut is ! f\ndation ( ! k+dom ( ,assyria4 ,on p4 #aag x s]ves = ! ,con/ructio ,trev]i1 & successively = ,spires1 ,lneburg1 & ,wism>ia4 ,a!nodorus & ,philo ,judaeus h ! same cut1 & ! same c\nt]feit pres5tm5t does = ,demo/h5es1 ,p]icles1 ,p>m5ides1 ,ari/ides1 & ,x5ophon4 ,ano!r s]ies repres5ts indiff]5tly ,crato1 ,cic]o1 ,cato1 ,virgil1 ,simonides1 ,plot9us1 ,!ophra/us1 ,m5&]1 ,paulus1 & ,ar*ephilus4 ,! little ,d w\ld appe> to be a fir/ attempt at book ornam5tation1 & 0 us$ at ! beg9n+ ( ! ,leb5 des heil4 ,hi]onymus by ,b>?olomew ,ghotan 9 #adhf4 ,our o!r ,lbeck initials are tak5 f ! #adic edition ( ! ,m$itations ( ,/4 ,bridget by ! same pr9t]1 9 :i* !re are altoge!r t5 or a doz5 diff]5t ornam5tal lett]s1 "o ( !m be+ repeat$ twice1 ano!r ?ree or f\r times4 ,?is book is *iefly e/eem$ on acc\nt ( ! engrav+s1 repres5t+ ! miracles ( ! sa9t1 "s ( :i* are full-page size4 ,l all works ( ! k9d1 x 0 v popul> 9 its day & w5t ?r\gh _m editions1 b ! ,lbeck impression is ! mo/ r>e1 mo/ ( ! copies hav+ be5 de/roy$ by accid5t be=e ! book 0 publi%$4 ,bamb]g4--,indep5d5tly ( accessory ornam5tation1 ! missals pr9t$ at ,bamb]g by ,j4 ,s5s5s*midt1 ei!r by himself or ) a p>tn]1 h always be5 consid]$ by bibliograph]s z models ( beautiful lett]press4 ,lippmann gives among/ 8 reproductions ( e>ly typographical monum5ts a page ( ! ,missale ,olumuc5se ) "o ( ! l>ge r$ initials us$ only 9 ^! ,bamb]g missals4 ,! fir/ 9 :i* !y occur is ! ,missale ,freys+5se1 pr9t$ 9 #adhg by ,s5s5s*midt & ,he9ri* ,pelg5/e9]2 "h ! initials w\ld seem to be slightly small] ?an 9 ! succe$+ volumes4 ,x 0 9 ! foll[+ ye> t ,s5s5s*midt publi%$ ! ,missale ,olumuc5se1#ai 9 #adhi ! ,lib] ,missalis ,bamb]g5sis4 ,mr4 ,weale#bj m5tions two o!r editions f ?is press 9 ! two foll[+ ye>s4 ,! lett]s reproduc$ "h 7 tak5 f ! copy 9 ! ,biblio?que ,nationale1 9 :i* !re are t5 ( ^! special r$ initials1 beg9n+ ) ! ,a ( ! op5+ l9e ( ! mass 7,ad te ,dom9um71 & compris+ "o ( ea* ( ! foll[+3 ,b1 ,c1 ,d1 ,e1 ,p1 ,r1 ,s1 & two diff]5t v>ieties ( ! ,t4 ,!re is besides a l>ge hi/oriat$ ,t1 9 black1 repres5t+ ! sacrifice ( ,abraham1 at ! comm5cem5t ( ! ,canon ( ! ,mass 7,te igitur74 ,?is is ! only volume t we h be5 able to exam9e p]sonally1 b we h se5 a ,g 9 a collection ( initials ) a diff]5t text on ! v]so1 :i* probably comes f "o ( ! o!r editions4 #ai ,see also 9 ,burg]1 ,monum5ta ,g]maniae et ,italiae ,typographica1 ,deuts*e und ,italinis*e ,inkunabeln4 #bj ,biblio!ca ,liturgica4 ,( o!r ,bamb]g missals ) o!r ornam5tal lett]s1 ! mo/ int]e/+ is t ( ,johann ,pfeyl1 ! initials be+ entirely diff]5t 9 /yle to any t we h se5 else:]e4 ,! colophon has x3 #8,missale speciale div9orum (ficiorum secundum *orum alme et imp]ialis ecclesie ,bamb]g5sis1' & /ates t x 0 pr9t$ 9 #aejf #8by ! indu/ry & exact dilig5ce ( t 8dis]t0 & exp]t ma/] ,johann ,pfeyl4' ,9 ! spl5did full-page engrav+ on vellum1 :i* 9 _m missals is ! *ief attraction to collectors1 !re is a view 9 ! di/ance ( ! t[n ( ,bamb]g4 ,! initials are s curi\s t we h reproduc$ !m all4 ,"o or two are repeat$2 ! ,g1 repres5t+ ,jehovah cr[n+ a m>tyr1 s]ves = ?ree diff]5t sa9ts4 ,! some:at small] l9e> ,t1 ( ! ,canon ( ! ,mass1 is a r$uc$ copy ( ! correspond+ initial 9 ! ,s5s5s*midt missals4 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,/rasburg ,,& ,,reutl+5 ,) ,knoblo*tz]1 ,s*ott1 & ,prusz1 ! fir/ comm5c+ 9 #adgg1 ,grn+] & ,hupfuff at ! end ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 we h pr9t]s :o made a lib]al use ( initials4 ,knoblo*tz] has be5 ?or\ghly explor$ by ,,mm4 ,s*orba* & ,spirgatis1 & a monograph ^u ,/rasburg book-illu/ration has be5 publi%$ by ,dr4 ,kri/ell]4 ,al?\gh _m ( our specim5s 7 kn[n to ^! bibliograph]s1 a few ( !m1 & ^! by no means ! lea/ int]e/+1 h escap$ _! obs]vation4 ,"o ( !m1 ! spl5did ,a repres5t+ ,jesus wa%+ ! feet ( a disciple1 is :at "o might expect to f9d at ! beg9n+ ( a ?irte5?- or f\rte5?-c5tury manuscript1 & ! arti/ 9 cutt+ x has manag$ to make x reta9 ?is appe>ance4 ,x is to be f\nd 9 an undat$ volume )\t "n ( pr9t]1 b id5tifi$ z hav+ be5 pr9t$ by ,knoblo*tz] 9 #adgh1 & entitl$ ,?omas 7,eb5dorf]7 de ,haselpa*3 ,s]mones dom9icales sup] ,epi/olas ,pauli4 ,?is ,a at ! beg9n+ ( ! fir/ volume is ! only typographical ornam5t 9 ! book1 & seems to h be5 entirely unkn[n to ei!r ( ! ,/rasburg bibliograph]s4 ,! ,d1 ) two arm$ figures & ! two coats ( arms1 is giv5 by ,,mm4 ,s*orba* & ,spirgatis z ! e>lie/ specim5 ( ,/rasburg ornam5tation4 ,x occurs = ! fir/ "t at ! beg9n+ ( ,knoblo*tz]'s ,burgundis*e ,hi/orie1 9 :i* !re is no o!r woodcut4 ,x repres5ts ! ,duke ,r5 ( ,lo?r+5 & ,*>les ! ,fe>less ( ,burgundy ) _! %ields at _! feet1 & 0 cut specially = ! ,hi/ory ( ,burgundy1 al?\gh x occurs sev]al times also 9 ! ,s*a*zabelbu* ( ,jacobus de ,cessolis4 ,! latt] volume conta9s also ! l>ge ,s1 ) two p]sonages1 "o 9 a fool's cap1 :i* also ornam5ts ! fir/ page ( ! ,dyalogus ,salomonis et ,m>colfi4 ,ano!r h&some initial f ! ,knoblo*tz] press1 & especially well engrav$1 is ! ,i1 ) an angel ) outspread w+s above1 ,samson =c+ op5 ! lion's m\? bel[1 & bran*+ ornam5ts on ei!r side4 ,x is to be f\nd on ! fir/ page ( ! ,belial ( #adhc1 & sev]al times 9 ! ,leb5 d] ,heilig5 ,drei ,knige2 also 9 ! *ess-book ( ,de ,cessolis already m5tion$4 ,9 ! la/ two volumes !re are elev5 ( ! twelve initials repres5t+ ! mon?s ( ! ye>1 :i* are to be f\nd complete 9 a ,deuts*] ,kal5d]1 hav+ ! =m ( a little volume4 ,!re is a cal5d> pr9t$ probably at ,nuremb]g1 on a s+le %eet1 ) ! :ole ( ! alphabet1 b ! lett] = ,janu>y is replac$ by "o hav+ ! ,nativity z its subject1 ! g5]al disposition be+ mu* ! same z 9 ! initials ( ,g5eva or ( ,bamb]g simil>ly hi/oriat$4 ,^! cal5d> lett]s are to be met ) 9 a great _m ,/rasburg publications1 z1 = example1 9 ! ,tractatus cl>issimi philosophi et m$ici ,ma!oli p]us9i de memoria augda p] regulas et m$ic9as4 ,!y also occur 9 ! ,de valore et utilitate ,miss> pro defuntis celebrat> p] sacre !ologie pr(essor ,jacob ord9is c>tusi5sis edita4 ,?is little tract1 :i* conta9s among/ o!r initials ! cal5d> ,d repres5t+ a man trimm+ ! v9es1 is dat$ #adic1 & z ,knoblo*tz] ceas$ to pr9t 9 #adhe1 mak+ ov] 8 mat]ial to ,ma?ias ,hupfuff1 x is to ! latt] t x mu/ be attribut$4 ,! two ,p's1 "o ) a doctor1 ! small] ) a k+1 are at ! beg9n+1 ! fir/ ( a ,de secretis muli]um1 ! second ( a tract entitl$ ,de ritu et moribus ,indorum4 ,! lett] itself1 9 ! small] initial1 is entirely :ite1 b 9 ! copy f :i* x 0 reproduc$ x is pa9t$ 9 blue & r$4 ,! an?ropomorphic lett]s are to be f\nd 9 _m ( ! publications bo? ( ,knoblo*tz]1 ,s*ott1 & o!rs4 ,^! lett]s are r$uc$ copies ( a v celebrat$ alphabet kn[n z ! alphabet ( ! ma/] ,e4 ,s4 ( #adfd1 specim5s ( :i* are giv5 9 sev]al works on e>ly engrav+4 ,! ,briti% ,museum has a some:at simil> alphabet1 b ) ! p]sonages 9 diff]5t attitudes1 pr9t$ orig9ally au frotton4 ,"s lett]s ( ?is 7 giv5 by ,jackson1 & ! :ole 0 reproduc$ a few ye>s s9ce by ! tru/ees ( ! ,museum4#ba ,"o ( our reproductions1 ! "o ) a man hold+ up a dog by ! tail1 is f ! ,vi] und ,zwanzig ,guld5 ,h>pf54 ,! ,d ) a sa9t is ! only initial 9 an ,alb]tus ,magnus ( ,knoblo*tz]2 ! ?ree o!rs 7 reproduc$ f two impressions ( ,hupfuff1 a ,melus9e & a ,boe?ius ( #aejj4 ,9 ! latt] is an ,i ( ?is alphabet :i* we h n se5 else:]e1 b ( :i* ! impression is slightly defective4#bb #ba ,grotesque ,alphabet ( #adfd1 ) an ,introduction by ,campbell ,dodgson4 #bb ,! six o!r initials1 ! ,m ) two dragons1 ! ,s ) ! lett]s ,p1 ,a1 & a fool's head ) cap & bells1 & ! f\r small] ones1 are f diff]5t publications ( ,knoblo*tz]4 ,! ,m & ! ,p1 ! ,crucifixion & ! ,nativity1 are also tak5 f a "w )\t date or "n ( pr9t]1 & h hi!rto rema9$ undescrib$1 z f> z we "k4 ,! "w is entitl$ ,comm5t>ius ,sancti ,johannis ,episcopi ,con/ant9opolitani cognom5to ,criso/omi 9 epi/olam ,sancti ,pauli ,apo/oli ad ,hebreos4 ,! lett]s w\ld appe> to belong to ! same alphabet z ! ,c1 repres5t+ sa9ts & o!rs be+ put to ! torture1 :i* is us$ by ,s*ott sometimes z a ,d4 ,?is latt] is to be f\nd twice 9 a r>e book1 ! ,scriptum 9 primum librum ,s5t5ci>um ,v5]abilis inceptoris fratris ,guilhelmi de ,ockam1 dat$ #adhc1 b )\t pr9t]'s "n1 & x occurs z a ,d 9 an undat$ ,secreta ( ,ari/otle4 ,! ?ree lett]s1 compris+ among/ !m ! ,n ) ! rabbit1 & ! ,o ) a fool1 are f a ,pl5>ium ( :i* we h only se5 a fragm5t1 )\t pr9t]'s "n or date1 b said to be ( ,/rasburg4 ,! rabbit occurs aga9 9 ! ,pl5>ium ( ,ura* ( #adha1 ) floral lett]s some:at l>g] ?an ^? giv5 "h1 & also 9 ! ,/ella ,mes*ia pr9t$ at ,essl+51 ! fir/ book publi%$ ) ,hebrew *>act]s4 ,x has also two full-page illu/rations4 ,! six l>ge hi/oriat$ initials :i* foll[ are tak5 f a ,psalt] )\t date or pr9t]'s "n4 ,van ,praet 9 8 catalogue ( books pr9t$ ^u vellum belong+ to ! ,k+'s ,libr>y1 says t x #8comes f a ,g]man ,press4' ,mr4 ,weale attributes x to ,basle1 & x is int]e/+ to comp>e ^! initials ) ^? :i* illu/rate ,furt]'s ,psalt] ( #aeja-c4 ,x w\ld seem1 h[ev]1 t x is to be attribut$ to ,j4 ,prusz1 & t x 0 pr9t$ 9 #adii or #aejj4 ,two ( our reproductions are f ! copy 9 ! ,biblio?que ,nationale4 ,= ! o!rs1 :i* are defective 9 ?is copy1 we are indebt$ to ,m4 ,jacques ,ros5?al1 :o consid]s t ! volume 0 pr9t$ 9 #adhj4 ,9 our own op9ion ! lat] date is m probable4 ,! f\r initials1 ( uni=m size & /yle1 ,a1 ,c1 ,e1 & ,s1 ! ,e ) ! ,nativity be+ c]ta9ly "o ( ! prettie/ we h se51 h e appe>ance ( be+ tak5 f a missal4 ,we _c affirm = c]ta9 t !y h no su* orig91 b ! book f :i* !y 7 reproduc$ is an edition ( ,pogge1 pr9t$ by ,knobl\* 9 #aeac4 ,two ( !m1 ! ,e ) ! ,nativity & ano!r1 occur 9 an ,int]pretatio ,sequ5ti>um ( ! same ye>4 ,o!r pr9t]s us$ !m1 h[ev]1 be=e ?is4 ,we are unable to give exact ref]5ces = ! :ole s]ies1 b ! ,e _h s]v$ already 9 a volume ( s]mons ( ,geyl] von ,kais]sp]g1 publi%$ by ,mat?ias ,s*ur] 9 #aeje4 ,9 ?is1 ) ! exception ( a floral ,v on ! second page1 x is ! only woodcut initial4 ,!re is a ,psalt] ( ,knobl\* ( #aeac ( ! same size z ^? ( ,augsburg1 ,basle--& ,metz--,psalt]ium cum app>atu vulg>i firmit] appresso4 ,l ! ,metz ,psalt]1 x has an initial on ! title1 ?is be+ ornam5t$ ) a mo? & dragon-fly & bun*es ( leaves & fl[]s4 ,bel[ is a cut ( ,david ) 8 h>p1 ! ,almighty look+ d[n1 & a ,g]man ca/le 9 ! backgr\nd4 ,!re are two /rips ( bord]1 "o on ea* side ( ! cut1 b desc5d+ l[]1 "o ( a conv5tional foliat$ patt]n1 ! o!r ) /rawb]ry leaves1 fl[]s1 & fruit4 ,! initial ,b is ( ! same design2 ! o!r lett]s h dragon-flies or butt]flies1 a ,d has a geometrical patt]n some?+ l ! ,maiblm*54 ,grn+] began to decorate 8 publications ) ornam5tal lett]s at ! end ( ! la/ decade ( ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,!y are ( a v special k9d1 & ! only o!r pr9t] :o occasionally us$ !m 0 ,qu5tell ( ,cologne4#bc ,"s ( !m occur 9 a small folio by ,brauns*weig--,lib] ,pe/il5tialis de v55is epidemie1 #aejj1 ) pictures on ne>ly e page1 manufactur$ accord+ to ! sy/em he adopts 9 _m ( 8 illu/rat$ books ( br++ ?ree factors ( ! picture toge!r1 & s obta9+ v>iety ) an economy ( engrav+4 ,! c5tre ( a picture on "o page1 = in/ance1 w be f\nd a few pages lat] ) ! two out] ?irds replac$ by diff]5t blocks1 ! v>iety introduc$ into ! g5]al appe>ance be+ suffici5t = x to pass z a diff]5t composition4 ,a few pages lat]1 x is ! c5tre t is replac$ ) ! same effect4 ,su* pictures are to be se5 9 ! diff]5t editions ( ,brauns*weig's ,de ,cyrurgia1 9 :i* !re are only insignificant nonhi/oriat$ initials4 #bc ,an ,m ) a be>'s too?1 & two o!rs1 a ,d repres5t+ a sa9t sitt+ on ! des]t ) :at looks l a monkey 7p]haps ,/4 ,ro* & 8 dog71 & an ,o ) an angel ) l>ge w+s1 are to be f\nd 9 ! ,tractatus ,consultatorii ,v5]&i ,magi/ri ,h5rici de ,gory*um1 pr9t$ by ,qu5tell1 #8anno supra ,jubileum t]tio4' ,^! initials are g5]ally too smudgy to be copi$4 ,9 ?is same book1 ! *apt] #8,de ,obs]vatione ,fe/orum' comm5ces ) ! ,o ) a fool's head4 ,grn+]'s f9e/ picture-book is probably 8 spl5did edition ( ,virgil1 ) engrav+s by ,br&t1 ! au?or ( ! ,%ip ( ,fools4 ,9 ?is "w he makes use ( ne>ly all ! lett]s ( ?is small] hi/oriat$ alphabet1 :i* are also f\nd aft]w>ds con/antly 9 8 impressions1 & p>ticul>ly 9 ! publications ( ! re=m]1 ,geyl] von ,kais]sp]g4 ,9 ^!1 _m ( ! initials1 z is only appropriate1 repres5t religi\s subjects--,david & 8 h>p1 ,/4 ,seba/ian full ( arr[s1 & 9 a slightly diff]5t /yle1 ,/4 ,laur5ce c>ry+ 8 own gridiron4 ,two ( !m are fram$4 ,"o ( ^! repres5ts ,adam & ,eve2 ! o!r1 a ,d ) a *>m+ little love-sc5e1 w\ld seem frequ5tly to h excit$ ! reprobation ( dev\t read]s1 = 9 ?ree diff]5t works we h f\nd ?is initial defac$ almo/ beyond recognition4 ,a l>g] initial ( ! unfram$ s]ies1 repres5t+ a swordsman1 we h only met ) 9 ! #aeja edition ( ,boe?ius1 ,de ,philosophico consolatu sive de consolatione ,philosophiae1 etc41 ) comm5t>ies ( ,/4 ,?omas4 ,grn+]'s l>ge/ lett]s w\ld appe> to h be5 res]v$ exclusively = ,geyl]'s publications4 ,we h se5 !m 9 a great _m ( 8 books ( s]mons & n[h]e else4 ,!y are mo/ num]\s 9 8 ,evangelia1 :]e !re are betwe5 ?irty & =ty diff]5t v>ieties1 b ev5 !n !y d n con/itute a complete alphabet1 z ,geyl]'s s]mons mo/ (t5 comm5ce ) ! ^w d] or die1 ! lett] ,d occurr+ z frequ5tly z all ! o!rs toge!r1 & sev]al o!r lett]s mu* m (t5 ?an ! rema9d]4 ,geyl] & ,grn+] 7 evid5tly made to write & publi% = "o ano!r1 = :il/ ! prea*] (t5 loses ! ?read ( 8 subject 9 amus+ b n always relevant anecdotes1 ! pr9t] w\ld seem to h set up 8 copy mu* on ! same pr9ciple1 embelli%+ ! s]mons ) illu/rations1 _m ( :i*1 ins]t$ app>5tly at haphaz>d1 are entirely =eign to ! subject4 ,9 "o ( ^! collections1 = in/ance1 !re are a numb] ( cuts f ! ,virgil4#bd #bd ,geyl] von ,kais]sp]g 0 "o ( ! mo/ curi\s figures ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 a precursor ( ,lu!r1 a #8free prea*]1' & = ! fir/ tw5ty ye>s ( ! sixte5? c5tury 8 s]mons 7 publi%$ by ne>ly e pr9t] 9 ,/rasburg1 z well z by _m o!rs 9 ,basle & o!r t[ns4 ,lu!r has a m ext5sive bibliography1 b ) ,geyl] ea* item means a volume1 :]eas ! s]mons ( ! great re=m] 7 publi%$ z a rule sep>ately1 & z soon z !y 7 prea*$4 ,l ! celebrat$ ,maill>d1 he did n hesitate to d5\nce ! selfi%ness ( ! ri*1 ! extravagance & coquetry ( wom51 & ! lic5ti\sness & corruption ( ! cl]gy4 ,f a docum5t>y po9t ( view1 ,geyl]'s s]mons are mo/ int]e/+1 = 9 reprobat+ ! follies ( 8 "t he gives a numb] ( details conc]n+ ! mann]s ( ! p]iod1 :i* w\ld be difficult to f9d else:]e4 ,on ! v]so1 = in/ance1 ( ! initial ,b1 ) ,david & 8 h>p1 !re is a fragm5t ( "o ( 8 disc\rses on #8ba?+1' :i* gives a good idea ( ecclesia/ical proprieties at ! end ( ! fifte5? c5tury4 #8,is x1' says ,geyl]1 #8all[able1 balnea intr>e1 on ,sunday8' #8,dico1' he replies1 t #8pro voluptate' & #8pro luxuria1' x is =bidd5 at all times1 b x is all[$ on necessity4 ,by #8voluptas' he says1 he und]/&s #8sup]flu\s delectation1' :i* is a s9 b n mortal4 ,by #8necessity1' hone/ & opportune recreation4 ,he next asks1 #8,liceat cl]icis vel religiosis balnea intr>e8' ,aga9 he replies1 #8,dico1 yes1 ^u necessity'2 b necessity n only means infirmity1 b also any lawful #8refocillatio' ( ! body4 ,! apo/le ,john1 he says1 #8+ressus e/ balnea gratia lav&i4' ,! fir/ l9e ( 8 t]tio />ts ) ! "q z to :e!r x 0 licit to take a ba? ) a ,jew1 b "h ! cutt+ ends4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$ t 9 ! fifte5? c5tury1 hot air & vap\r ba?s 7 mo/ popul>1 b !y _h any?+ b a good reputation4 ,x is probable t ! prohibitions ( ,geyl] 7 direct$ r aga9/ ! place ( evil resort1 ?an1 z w\ld at fir/ seem1 aga9/ cleanl9ess4 ,b ! mo/ amus+ ( ,geyl]'s publications is a s]ies ( s]mons1 #8,navicula sive speculum ,fatuorum1' an imitation ( ,br&t's celebrat$ satire on ,fools1 :i* _h rec5tly appe>$4 ,9 ! e>lie/ edition1 ea* section beg9s ) an initial repres5t+ a fool's cap ) l>ge bells4 ,9 t be=e u1 ea* s]mon is prec$$ by an apposite illu/ration f ! "w 9 "q1 b !re are no ornam5tal initials4 ,! fir/ conc]ns fooli% aspirants = mitres & birettes4 ,! second1 :i* is illu/rat$ by ! well-kn[n cut repres5t+ a spectacl$ fool 9 8 libr>y--9 ! orig9al1 ! fool :o collects books he does n read--"h deals ) bad judges & s5ators4 ,! be/ section1 & t giv+ ! be/ idea ( ,geyl]'s mann]1 is t :i* treats ( ! sick fool4 ,beg9n+ ) ! quotation #8,/ultorum inf9itus e/ num]us1' ! picture %[s ! disob$i5t pati5t 9 b$1 9 ! act ( kick+ ov] a table1 :il/ ! nurse is look+ on 9 a/oni%m5t1 & ! doctor seems to be reflect+ z to :at %\ld be done "u ! circum/ances4 ,^! fools1 says ,geyl]1 are fooli% 9 ! fir/ place because !y despise m$ic9e3 #8sunt qui m$ic9am prorsus contemnunt et abjiciunt'2 #8cle>ly fools1' says ,geyl]1 #8/ulti plane'6 #8,nesci5tes quia scriptum e/1 eccles4 xxxviii41 ,altissimus creavit de t]ra m$ic9am1 et vir prud5s non horrebit eam4 ,notate v]ba--signate my/]ia4 ,vir prud5s non horrebit eam6 ,non horruit eam beatus ,augu/9us de quo legitur3 quod egrotante eo nem9em admis]at1 nisi m$icos4' ,x w be too long to quote ! :ole s]mon1 b ,geyl] has a ^w to say ab\t ^? fools1 #8sunt qudam fatuelle1' :o1 out ( curiosity1 tri$ to cat* _! doctors at fault1 #8quas sola curiositas impellit et titillat ad explor&um p]itiam m$ici4' ,b !y cat* no?+ b _! own purses1 & x is ! doctor :o is mo/ tickl$1 = he pockets ! fee4 #8,tales se decipiunt et bursam3 quod m$icus accipit pecuniam4' ,he tells "h ! tale1 s (t5 relat$ s9ce1 ( ! pati5t :o 9 answ] to ! doctor's "q z to :at 0 ! matt] ) him--:]e he 0 9 pa9--h[ long he _h be5 ill1 #8respondit nescio1' & aga9 & aga91 #8respondit nescio4' #8,b5e1' repli$ ! doctor2 #8"u ^! circum/ances1 ?is is my prescription3 8,recipe nescio quid3 repone nescio ubi3 et sanab]is nescio qu&o40' #8,magna /ultitia1' rem>ks ,geyl]1 #8nolle ob$ire m$ico quem qu]is3 aut non quesivisses1 et sic pecunie pep]cisses4' ,! fif? & six? follies are to seek help f empirics1 magicians1 & ,jews1 :i* is expressly =bidd5 7if any "o else is available7 by ! ,decretals4 ,! l>ge s]ies1 two specim5s ( :i* are giv51 inv>iably deals ) ,biblical subjects4 ,! lett]s are g5]ally attribut$ to ,hans ,s*ufele94 ,besides ! initials already enum]at$1 ,grn+] has a few hi/oriat$ lett]s on a black gr\nd1 ( int]m$iate size & diff]5t complete foliat$ or floral alphabets1 all ( !m uni=mly un9t]e/+4 ,reutl+54--,! l>ge ,s1 ) a p]sonage 9 a doctoral bonnet1 is tak5 f an ,alb]tus ,magnus1 ,secreta muli]um et virorum1 9 ! ,p>is ,biblio?que ,nationale 7,res4 #hbf71 describ$ 9 ,mlle4 ,pelle*et's ,catalogue des ,incunables "u ,no4 #cgb z be+ )\t typographical indications4 ,x also occurs at ! comm5cem5t ( a ,physiognomia ( ,mi*ael ,scotus1 :i* is /at$ by ,mr4 ,proctor to h be5 pr9t$ by ,m4 ,greyff at ,reutl+51 ! date be+ probably #adhb4 ,we h n se5 ?is volume1 b ?anks to ! c\rtesy ( ,pr(essor ,f]guson ( ,glasg[1 :o s5t a photograph ( ! initial1 we h f\nd t x is id5tically ! same4 ,! reproduction does n r5d] exactly ! peculi> impression ( ! ink1 :i* gives ! initial ! appe>ance ( hav+ be5 drawn 9 fusa94 ,ano!r initial1 ! ,p ) ! ,pope1 is tak5 f a volume pr9t$ at ,reutl+5 by ,greyff--! ,de ritu et ,moribus ,indorum--:i* has exactly ! same typographical disposition z ! edition pr9t$ by ,knoblo*tz] at ,/rasburg1 a ,p at ! beg9n+ ) ! ,pope1 & a bord] on ! m>g9 ( ! front page4 ,x may be not$ "h t 9 previ\s *apt]s no attempt has be5 made to di/+ui% betwe5 metal-cut initials & ^? cut on wood4 ,_m pr9t]s1 su* z ,grn+]1 ,g]+1 & ,rembolt1 etc41 und\bt$ly us$ s(t metal1 b ?is 0 cut 9 ! same way z wood1 ! blocks 7 ink$ 9 ! same mann]1 & pr9t$ 9 ! same way ) ! type1 s t = all practical purposes !y belong to ! same class4 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,cologne ,,& ,,g5eva ,! e>ly pr9t]s at ,cologne d n appe> to h made mu* use ( woodcut initials1 ! fir/ kn[n to u be+ ! ,r ( a missal by ,h4 ,qu5tell ( #adid4 ,?is1 al?\gh cut some:at r\ghly1 %[s consid]able vig\r4 ,x is highly probable t ! spl5did ,p ) ! ,virg9 & ,*ild & grotesque pr(iles 9 two ( ! corn]s is ( ! same or e>li] date4 ,! book 9 :i* x occurs is an undat$ ,donatus1 :i* ,j4 ,ros5?al1 to :om ! volume 0 submitt$1 ?9ks 0 pr9t$ by ,h4 ,qu5tell t[>ds ! end ( ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,x looks at fir/ sight z if a missal or ,psalt] lett] _h be5 us$1 z 0 s (t5 ! case at ! "t1 because x happ5$ to be 9 /ock1 b ! ,donatus1 z has be5 said1 (t5 began ) an initial ( ! k9d4 ,we h n be5 able to trace ?is ,p to any o!r press or publication4 ,! ,d ) a fool's head 9 cap & bells is to be f\nd frequ5tly 9 ,qu5tell's books4 ,! specim5 f :i* x 0 copi$ is 9 a book already m5tion$1 ! ,tractatus ,consultatorii ,v5]&i ,magi/ri ,h5rici de ,gory*um1 pr9t$ anno supra ,jubileum t]tio4 ,x is to be f\nd at ! beg9n+ ( ! *apt]1 ,de obs]vatione ,fe/orum4 ,on ! title-page ( a treatise call$ ,quodlibeta1 by ,/4 ,?omas ,aqu9as1 is a curi\s black ,u4 ,?is is also by ,qu5tell4 ,ano!r class book1 a ,lat9 v]se prim]1 entitl$ ,sequ5ti>um et hymnorum ,expositio1 etc4 etc41 pr9t$ by ,h]man ,bumg>t de ,ketwyck 9 #aeja1 has ! /range/ initials t c be conceiv$4 ,! book 0 a v well kn[n "o1 & o!r editions exi/ ) a simil> cut on ! title-page1 repres5t+ a ma/] at 8 desk surr\nd$ by s*ol>s4 ,b ,cologne1 l o!r ,g]man t[ns1 0 n[ to feel ! influ5ce ( ! ,r5aissance1 & adopt = book ornam5tation su* arti/s z ,alb]t ,dr]1 ,holbe91 & ,anton von ,worms4 ,9 ! case ( ,holbe91 su* ornam5tal lett]s z appe>$ 9 ,cologne books 7 copi$ f models t _h be5 us$ previ\sly at ,basle1 9 ! same way t ! lett]s ( o!r arti/s 7 copi$ f books ( ,hag5au & else:]e1 b ,dr] & ,anton von ,worms's designs 7 pr9t$ fir/ 9 works ( ,cologne4 ,( ! initials attribut$ to ,alb]t ,dr]1 ! f9e/ are ^? compris+ ! alphabet us$ by ,eu*>ius ,hirtzhorn1 :o lat9is$ 8 "n to ,c]vicornus4 ,^! initials1 :i* are ! l>ge/ ( _! k9d1 repres5t *ildr5 play+ & romp+ sometimes ) animals1 su* z horses & monkeys1 & make up a v rem>kable set4 ,x is highly probable t ,alb]t ,dr]1 z is g5]ally admitt$1 0 ! design] ( ?is alphabet1 b !re is no positive pro(1 & a writ] on ?is special "q 9 ,le ,livre1 ,m4 ,glucq1 gives x z 8 op9ion t ^! lett]s 7 design$ by ,hans ,burgkmair1 & in/ances ! treatm5t ( ! horses' heads 9 bord]s by ! latt] z be+ id5tical ) ! heads 9 "s ( ! lett]s4 ,?is alphabet 0 (t5 copi$ by pr9t]s ( o!r t[ns1 p>ticul>ly ,lyons1 & by ,hub]t de ,crooce ( ,bruges1 b ! copies are always greatly inf]ior 9 execution1 & c be di/+ui%$ also by hav+ a wavy l9e>1 or cribl1 gr\ndwork in/ead ( a black "o4 ,! read] c comp>e ! initials giv5 "h1 :i* comprise ! mo/ int]e/+ ( ! set1 ) ^? by ,h4 ,weiditz1 describ$ 9 ! *apt] on ,augsburg4 ,= comp>ison betwe5 ! ,c]vicorn initials & ! bord]s allud$ to1 ref]5ce c be made to ! ,b*]ornam5tik ( ,buts*4 ,! smalle/ ( ! ,cologne *ildr5's alphabets is to be f\nd almo/ complete 9 diff]5t works by ,j4 ,gymnicus1 & 0 design$ by ! pa9t] ,anton von ,worms4 ,! ,c ) a *ild play+ ) a snake is an example4 ,! ,d & ,o1 f a some:at l>g] alphabet1 are pr9cipally f\nd 9 ! works ( ,mel*ior ,novesianus1 z are also ^? imitat$ f ,holbe9's alphabet ( ,dea?4 ,! l>ge/ ,q1 ! ,s ) ! bi%op & ! symbols ( ! ,apo/les 9 ! corn]s1 also by ,anton von ,worms1 & ! ,q ) ! dea?'s head1 all come f volumes by ,qu5tell4 ,! ?ree smalle/ lett]s belong to an alphabet us$ by ,mel*ior ,novesianus4 ,g5eva4--,g5evan incunabula are ( ! v greate/ r>ity1 & v few initials ( t t[n are m5tion$ by bibliograph]s4 ,( v l>ge lett]s ! mo/ curi\s are two ( ! calligraphic ,l's t are s popul> on ! title-pages ( ,fr5* impressions1 & ! l>g] ( :i* is evid5tly inspir$ by a ,p>is or ,lyons ,l ( ! same g5]al design4 ,our reproduction comes f ! ,doctr9al de ,sapi5ce1 pr9t$ 9 #adic1 no d\bt by ,bellot1 z ! book has two impressions ( ! ,c ( 8 alphabet4 ,?is composition is greatly sup]ior to ! ,fr5* orig9al1 kn[n z ! ,janu>y & ,may initial1 & if ! arti/ has int5d$ to repres5t innoc5ce & cunn+1 he has succe$$ to p]fection4 ,comp>$ ) x1 t :i* may be f\nd on ! title-page ( ,v]>d's edition ( ! ,doctr9al de ,sapi5ce & 9 _m o!r works1 is insipid4 ,! lett] ) a hood$ dog1 or p]haps a monkey hold+ a book1 ) a cl]k bel[1 is accompani$ on ! title-page by a bord] repres5t+ ! bir? ( ,eve4 ,z reg>ds ! volume itself1 :i* is entitl$ ,les ,fleurs et ,manires des ,temps passs1 x is )\t date or pr9t]'s "n1 b at ! beg9n+ ( ! front page aft] ! title is a ,bellot ,a1 :il/ on ! v]so ( ! title is ! m>k ( ,loys ,m4 ,cruse4 ,a /ill e>li] ,doctr9al de ,sapi5ce ( #adhh1 also )\t pr9t]'s "n or date1 has a ,c on ! second page ( comp>atively little int]e/1 :i* has be5 reproduc$ by ,humphreys 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ,pr9t+4 ,! ,c reproduc$ "h is at ! beg9n+ ( ! f\r? page4 ,a ,kal5dri] des ,b]g]s ( ,j4 ,bellot1 #adig1 has a ,q ) a cock 9 ! ,lyons /yle1 a curi\s ,u1 & ! ,p ( 8 f9e alphabet4 ,initials are occasionally met ) 9 :i* ! pr9t]'s m>k is work$ into ! design1 z1 = in/ance1 a ,d ( ,kobel ( ,opp5heim4 ,9 a treatise on ! "r way ( prea*+1 by t sacratissimus doctor ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1 ,/4 ,?omas ,aqu9as1 ,l4 ,m4 ,cruse ( ,g5eva 9 #adhe uses capitals :i* he embelli%es ) 8 own initials4 ,sorg & "s ,/rasburg pr9t]s h ornam5tal lett]s ) initials on !m1 b n correspond+ to _! own names--mo/ likely to ^? ( ! arti/s4 ,bett] kn[n ?an ! l>ge hi/oriat$ lett]s j describ$ is ! alphabet ( :i* we give ! ,m1 ! ,n1 & ! ,t4 ,^! lett]s occur 9 _m ( ,bellot's publications1 b 9 ! ,dialogus ,creatur>um x is ne>ly complete4 ,?is is "o ( ! mo/ decorative alphabets ( ! "t1 b good pro(s ( ! ,wagn] alphabet ( ,nuremb]g1 9 :i* ! same design _h already be5 us$1 are ev5 m effective--comp>e ?is ,m1 ,n1 or ,t ) ! ,wagn] ,e4 ,un=tunately1 v few ( ! latt]1 :i* are on a black gr\nd1 pr9t well4 ,! ,avignon initials giv5 fur!r on are also ( ?is p9e-cone patt]n1 z are ^? also 9 ! ,psalt]ium ,virg9is ,m>ie ( ,alanus de ,rupe1 pr9t$1 x is /at$1 9 ! mo/ ,*ri/ian k+dom ( ,sw$51 cum initialibus ligno incisis1 9 #adih4 ,x is q possible t ! lat] pr9t]s copi$ f ,wagn]1 b ! design !y all use is "o t is frequ5tly met ) 9 old manuscripts1 &1 l mo/ o!r fundam5tal patt]ns1 !re is no d\bt t ?is 0 its orig94 ,our la/ ,g5eva specim5s are tak5 f ! v r>e missal pr9t$ by ,bellot4 ,! ,m is f ! title-page4 ,! o!r initials are some:at 9 ! /yle ( ! ,lyons ,catalogus ,sanctorum1 b !y are ev5 m l ^? ( a ,troyes missal pr9t$ by ,lecoq4 ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,v5ice ,x 0 at ,subiaco1 n f> f ,rome1 t pr9t+ 0 fir/ introduc$ by ! ,g]mans1 ,conrad ,sweynheim & ,arnold ,pann>tz1 :o comm5c$ op]ations mo/ probably 9 #adfd1 _! fir/ book be+ a ,donatus4 ,! second 0 a ,lactantius1 ! e>lie/ book 9 :i* legible ,greek *>act]s 7 us$1 = ^? :i* appe>$ 9 a few words 9 ! ,(fices ( ,cic]o1 pr9t$ at ,may5ce 9 ! same ye>1 7 m+l$ ) ,roman lett]s1 & ) s _m errors1 t x mu/ h ne$$ a clev] read] to guess ! mean+4 ,! ,lactantius 0 f9i%$ on ! #be? ( ,octob] #adfe1 #89 v5]abili ,mona/]io ,sublac5si4' ,aft] ,subiaco1 presses 7 e/abli%$ successively 9 diff]5t t[ns ( ,italy1 fir/ at ,rome1 :]e ,ulric ,han or ,hahn ( ,+old/adt1 9 ,bav>ia 7,gallus 9 ! lat9is$ =m ( ! "n71 comm5c$ op]ations 9 #adfg4 ,sweynheim & ,pann>tz also remov$ to ,rome at t date1 :]e !y pr9t$ = ab\t t5 ye>s1 dy+ respectively 9 #adgg & #adgh4 ,! next com]s 7 ,george ,lau] ( ,wrtzburg & ,giovanni ,filippo di ,lignam9e1 ^: celebrat$ ,cronica ,summorum ,pontificum imp]atorumque conta9s int]e/+ in=mation ab\t ! fir/ pr9t]s ( ,may5ce1 ,/rasburg1 & ,rome4 ,b books ) initials pr9t$ at ,rome be=e ! end ( ! fifte5? c5tury are n common1 & ev5 :5 met )1 if we except "s h&some ones us$ 9 "s ( _! books 9 #adgj by ,sweynheim & ,pann>tz1 ! ornam5tal lett]s ( ?is t[n are relatively ( b little int]e/4 ,x 0 at ,v5ice t ?is bran* ( typographical art 0 to rea* its highe/ p]fection1 especially 9 ! use ( beautiful initials1 & 0 to make its impressions r5[n$ ?r\gh\t ! _w & s\ght aft] by collectors 9 future days4 ,john ( ,spire celebrates 8 arrival on ! %ores ( ! ,adriatic 9 ! foll[+ l9es1 :i* are to be f\nd at ! end ( 8 fir/ production 9 t t[n1 ,! ,lett]s ( ,cic]o3-- #8,primus 9 ,adriaca =mis impressit a5is ,urbe libros ,spira g5itus de /irpe ,johannes4 ,9 reliquis sit quanta vides spes1 lector1 hab5da1 ,quom labor hic primus calami sup]av]it artem4 ,,mcccclxviii4' ,john ( ,spire 0 succe$$ by 8 bro!r ,v9del94 ,x 0 9 #adgj t ! fir/ book appe>$ ) ! "n ( ,nicolas ,j5son--! ,prep>atio ,evangelica ( ,eusebius--& ?is 0 foll[$ soon by o!r works :i* are ju/ly consid]$ z *efs-d'uvre ( typographical art4 ,accord+ to a /ory :i* has pass$ curr5t = a c5tury & a half1 ?\gh its au?ority is n[ que/ion$1 ,j5son _h be5 =m]ly an engrav] at ! ,m9t ( ,t\rs1 & _h be5 s5t to ,g]many by ! ,fr5* k+ to inve/igate ! tru? ab\t ! discov]y ( ,gut5b]g4 ,on 8 return1 ,*>les ,,vii4 hav+ di$1 ,j5son met ) no enc\ragem5t f 8 successor1 ,l\is ,,xi41 & decid$ to g to ,v5ice4 ,"h he publi%$ books by himself = t5 ye>s1 tak+ z a p>tn] 9 #adhj1 ! ye> be=e 8 dea?1 ,john ( ,cologne1 :o _h come to ,v5ice ab\t ! same "t z himself4 ,ev5 9 8 own days ,j5son 0 ju/ly celebrat$1 ,&rea ,torresano /at+ ) pride 9 ! colophon ( ! ,lectura 9 ,i4 et ,,ii4 ,decretalium t he _h pr9t$ x #8inclytis famosisque *>act]ibus optime 7sic7 quondam 9 hac p>te magi/ri ,nicolai ,j5son gallici quo nihil pre/antius1 nihil melius1 nihil dignius4' ,?is ,&rea ,torresano 0 ! head ( ! new firm #8,j4 de ,colonia1 ,n4 ,j5son1 sociorumque1' & he aft]w>ds m>ri$ 8 daught] to ,aldus ,manutius4 ,s great 0 ! success ( pr9t+ 9 ,v5ice at ?is p]iod1 t m ?an "o hundr$ & fifty presses 7 e/abli%$ dur+ ! la/ ?irty ye>s ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 & upw>ds ( fifty 7 9 full "w 9 ! ye> #aejj4 ,aldus _h come to ,v5ice ) ! int5tion ( publi%+ works 9 ,greek1 b ?is did n prev5t him pr9t+ 9 ,lat9 & ,italian4 ,8 mo/ fam\s book 9 ! latt] language 0 ! ,hypn]otoma*ia ,poliphili1 :i* besides ! mo/ beautiful woodcuts t h ev] be5 pr9t$ conta9s also "s ornam5tal initials g5]ally consid]$ to be 9 ! be/ ta/e4 ,an edition ( ,ari/ophanes f ! same press also conta9s l>ge int]lac$ lett]s1 :i* are giv5 by ,ongania4 ,) ref]5ce to ^! initials x is to be rem>k$ t1 al?\gh 9 ! be/ ta/e & admirably suitable to ! "w !y embelli%1 !y are less int]e/+ :5 se5 by !mselves1 t is to say indep5d5tly ( ! text1 ?an _m o!rs4 ,our e>lie/ specim5s are tak5 f ! works ( ,ratdolt1 ^: books are also r5[n$ = _! beautiful bord]s1 :i* 9 "s cases mat* 9 /yle ! initials t accompany !m4 ,?is /yle is ev5 m effective 9 ! bord] ?an 9 ! lett]s1 z c be se5 by ref]5ce to 8 ,appianus ( #adgh1 ! fir/ page ( :i* is reproduc$ 9 ,buts*'s ,b*]ornam5tik4 ,! ?ree outl9e initials1 mu* m arti/ic 9 our op9ion ?an ! int]lac+ lett]s ( ,aldus1 are f ,ratdolt's fir/ alphabet 9 ! ,cal5d>ium ( ,j4 de ,mont]egio ( #adgf4 ,! bord] ( ?is book is frequ5tly m5tion$ 9 ! e>li] monographs ^u ! fir/ pr9t]s z be+ compos$ lit]is flor5tibus1 ! initials be+ ( ! same design4 ,x is suppos$ by ,passavant t ^! lett]s 7 design$ by ,ratdolt's p>tn]1 ,b]n>d ,mal] or ,pictor1 i4e4 ,b]n>d ! pa9t]1 & execut$ by ano!r ,g]man engrav]4 ,ongania1 9 8 "w on ,v5etian pr9t+1#be has also reproduc$ f\r ( ^! initials1 ! :ole alphabet1 z f> z x is complete1 9 ,ratdolt's impressions1 be+ giv5 9 a monograph on ,ratdolt by ,mr4 ,r$grave4#bf ,lat] on we f9d ?is pr9t] pref]r+ l>g] siz$ initials ) a :ite patt]n on a black gr\nd1 small] lett]s ( ! same g5]al design be+ us$ 9 "s volumes4 ,! lat] publications be+ also m frequ5tly met )1 ^! l>ge black initials are also m commonly kn[n & are m *>act]i/ic ( ,ratdolt's "w ?an ! o!rs4 ,!y became "o ( ! recognis$ types = ,v5etian typography1 & 7 imitat$ m or less by o!r ,v5ice pr9t]s1 9 ! same way t ! ,maiblm*5 patt]n 0 adopt$ z "o ( ! mo/ suitable = ! e>ly ,g]man press4 #be ,l'art de l',imprim]ie ,v5ise4 #bf #8,erh>d ,ratdolt & 8 ,"w 9 ,v5ice'--,london ,bibliographical ,society4 ,9 a volume by ,jacopo ,publicio call$ ! ,oratoriae artis epitomata2 ars memoriae1 ars epi/ol&i1 & :i* has num]\s o!r cuts1 !re is a curi\s alphabet 9 :i* ea* initial is repres5t$ by an emblem s]v+ to fix ! lett] on ! memory4 ,z f>1 h[ev]1 z we "k1 ?is alphabet1 :i* is engrav$ on "o block1 consi/s ( specim5s ( lett]s useful 9 mnemonics1 b :i* h nev] s]v$ 9 books z ornam5tal initials4 ,!y are only m5tion$ "h z a typographical curiosity4 ,subsequ5t pr9t]s adopt$ a design ) :ite leaves on a black gr\nd1 ! :ite ornam5t /&+ out v %>ply1 & (t5 ) an exce$+ly brilliant effect4 ,9 o!r initials1 9 :ite on a black gr\nd1 we h *ildr5 play+ at all sorts ( games by !mselves or ) dogs1 monkeys1 dragons1 liz>ds1 & dolph9s2 sometimes !re is a l>ge bird look+ l a wild goose4 ,9 "s cases !re is a comb9ation ( ! two la/ m5tion$ compositions1 su* z a *ild play+ ) a dog1 ) a foliat$ backgr\nd4 ,!re is a v effective ,f ( ?is k9d1 & an ,o ) a *ild mak+ a dog sit up & beg1 9 ! ,epigrammata ( ,j4 ,b4 ,cantalycius1 pr9t$ by ,matteo ,capcasa4 ,! bro!rs ,de ,gregoriis us$ v>i\s k9ds ( initials4 ,! l>ge ,a & ,v are f _! ,h]odotus1 ! fir/ page ( :i* is ornam5t$ ) a magnific5t bord]1 :i* has (t5 be5 reproduc$4 ,sev]al o!r initials 9 diff]5t /yles are f books by ^! pr9t]s1 among/ o!rs ! l>ge outl9e ,p & ! small] ,a & ,e4 ,an int]e/+ alphabet1 mo/ ( ! lett]s ( :i* repres5t *ildr5 play+ ) diff]5t k9ds ( animals1 is tak5 f a small treatise on ,geography by ,za*>ius ,lilius1 entitl$ ,orbis brevi>ium1 etc41 pr9t$ at ?is press4 ,sessa1 ^: m>k consi/s ( a cat ) a m\se 9 h] m\? on a cr[n$ %ield ) ! initials ,i ,b ,s1 has "s ( ! lett]s j describ$4 ,ongania gives among/ o!rs1 z com+ fir/ f a #adif edition ( ,m>co ,polo's ,de le ,m>avigliose cose del mondo1 ! ,d ) two *ildr5 & a dog1 ! ,p ) ! *ildr5 & bird1 & a ,p ) ! portrait ( a man1 "h pr9t$ 9 r$1 b :i* is f\nd else:]e1 l all ! o!r lett]s1 pr9t$ 9 black4 ,! v small initials1 mo/ly ) heads1 ! ,h ) a rabbit & ! ,t ) rabbits danc+1 are also to be f\nd 9 ,sessa's impressions4 ,sev]al v l>ge lett]s1 two m p>ticul>ly1 ! ,m & ! ,s1 7 us$ by ,b]n>d9us ,b5alius & ,matteus ,capcasa 9 #adih1 & (t5 pr9t$ 9 r$4 ,!y 7 aft]w>ds adopt$ by ! ,p>is pr9t] ,josse ,bade4 ,( ! l9e> initials us$ 9 ! missals1 ! beautiful ,b repres5t+ ,m>y ,reg9a clorum among/ o!rs1 appe>$ = ! fir/ "t 9 ! ,missale ,romanum ( #adii by ,george ,arrivab5e4 ,our reproductions are tak5 f missals & brevi>ies ( ,lucantonio di ,giunta1 himself especially a pr9t] ( music1 b :o edit$ a great _m liturgical works4 ,! l>ge/ 9 size ( all our initials are f ano!r missal ( ,giunta1 ! ,missale ,vallisumbrose ( #aejc4 ,! fir/ lett] ( ?is s]ies has be5 giv5 by ,mr4 ,poll>d 9 an essay on #8,pictorial ,initials4' ,an alphabet ( l>ge lett]s ( an int]lac+ patt]n is to be met ) 9 sev]al works1 fir/ 9 ,plut>*'s ,lives1 translat$ by ,gu>9o ( ,v]ona & publi%$ by ,mel*ior ,sessa & ,petrus de ,rav5is 9 #aeje4 ,!y h be5 describ$ z ( great elegance & f9i%$ beauty1 b !y are z a rule badly pr9t$ & d n look well 9 reproduction1 z c be se5 by ref]5ce to ,ongania4 ,! alphabet ( *ildr5 already m5tion$ is m or less complet$ by lett]s f diff]5t works publi%$ by ,tacu9us de ,trid9o1 among/ o!rs ! ,euclid ( #aeag & sev]al e>li] volumes4 ,! ,c ) a *ild on a dolph91 ! ,l ) "o *ild rid+ ano!r1 & ! ,n ) *ildr5 & dog2 ! grotesque ,o1 ! ,p also ) *ildr5 & a dragon1 are "o f ! #aeag ,euclid1 o!rs f a ,ju/9ian1 ! rema9d] f works ( ,horace by ! same pr9t]4 ,! ,c ) a *ild on ! back ( a horse is fir/ met ) 9 a ,practica ( ,s]apion by ,bonetus ,locatellus1 #8m&ato ,octaviani ,scoti1' ! outl9es ,c1 ,p1 & ,s ) *ildr5 or amor9i hav+ ! same orig94 ,an alphabet1 rem>kable f ! fact t x is g5]ally f\nd complete1 by ,b]n>d9o ,vitali1 s]ves z a rule 9 publications ( ,sessa to initial ! index4 ,x is to be f\nd s]v+ ?is purpose at ! beg9n+ ( ?is pr9t]'s edition ( ! ,lives ( ,plut>* & also = ! index to ! works ( ,pl9y4 ,pl9y's ,natural ,hi/ory 0 a popul> book at ?is "t1 & two editions ( x h ! l>ge int]lac$ initials us$ 9 ! ,plut>*4 ,9 a ?ird1 9 ,italian1 by ,sessa & ,petrus de ,rav5na 9 #aeaf1 !re are a numb] ( ornam5tal lett]s ) *ildr53 a ,p1 ) *ild & dragon1 prec$es ! eigh? book2 an ,s1 ) a *ild above & a bird bel[1 ! t5? & ?irty-second books2 ! ?irty-fir/ hav+ :at at fir/ appe>s to be ! same1 b :i* is really a copy4 ,! lett]s ,c1 ,g1 ,r1 ,n are also ) *ildr51 ei!r by !mselves or ) birds or dogs4 ,z an example ( ! indiff]5ce to appe>ances1 a hi/oriat$ ,a is us$ upside d[n z a ,v1 9 ,tacu9us de ,trid9o's ,hom] ( #aejc4 ,a f9e ,v ) *ildr5 does duty z an ,a1 & an ,e all ! way ?r\gh z an ,f1 9 ! ,ju/9 ( #aejh ( ! same pr9t]4 ,! ,l ) a satyr1 & ! v h&some ,g1 are f ! same book4 ,! ,p ) a *ild & bird is repeat$ elev5 times 9 ?is volume1 & f ! dilapidat$ condition ! block is its *ief disfigurem5t4 ,9 ! ,horace ( ,guglielmo ,font5eto ,montes]rati1 we f9d x at ! beg9n+ ( ! ode #8,phoebe silv>umque pot5s ,diana1' b ! bird is *ang$ into :at is app>5tly a goose4 ,! *ildr5 h old] faces1 & !re is a slight diff]5ce 9 ! ornam5t4 ,9 _! orig9al condition1 ^! *ildr5 initials are mo/ decorative1 b _m ( ! copies are greatly inf]ior4 ,^! are to be f\nd n only 9 ,v5etian impressions by o!r pr9t]s1 b also 9 "s books pr9t$ 9 prov9cial t[ns1 & !y evid5tly inspir$ _m ( ! *ildr5's alphabets t 7 us$ aft]w>ds 9 ,basle1 ,cologne1 ,hag5au1 & "o or two initials we h giv5 ( ,p>is4 ,at ,tur9 "s ( !m 7 us$ 9 ! ,epi/ole ,h]oidum ( ,ovid publi%$ by ,f4 ,silva 9 #aeaj1 9 :i* we f9d t ! ,l ) ! satyr1 ! ,p ) a bird1 ! ,t ) *ildr5 play+ ) a skipp+ rope1 an ,m ) an eagle1 ! ,n ) a *ild & dolph91 & ! ,g1 b ( mu* co>s] execution ?an ! orig9al4 ,f a docum5t>y po9t ( view ^! lett]s are p]haps n s int]e/+ z ! alphabet us$ curr5tly half a c5tury lat] by ,giolito & o!r ,v5etian pr9t]s1 9 :i* ! games !n 9 vogue are repres5t$ 9 l9e> engrav+ ^u a :ite gr\nd4 ,b ! introduction ( animals 9 ! e>li] alphabet is n entirely fanciful1 & ! classical /ud5t w no d\bt be able to und]/& _m ( ! allusions4 ,! ,a1 = in/ance1 ) a boy rid+ ^u ! back ( a dolph91 is a case 9 po9t & no d\bt ref]s to ! tale ( ,arion told by ,h]odotus1 & m fully by ,ovid 9 ! ,fa/i4#bg #bg ,9 ! eigh? *apt] ( 8 n9? book1 ,pl9y speaks ( a dolph9 t _h conceiv$ a wond]ful affection = ! *ild ( a poor man4 ,at :atev] h\r ( ! day he might happ5 to be call$ by ! boy1 he w\ld in/antly fly to ! surface1 & sportively tak+ him up on 8 back1 he w\ld c>ry him ov] a wide expanse ( sea to ! s*ool at ,puteoli1 & 9 l mann] br+ him back aga94 ,o!r in/ances ( ! same k9d are relat$1 :i* he says give an air ( cr$ibility to ! "o t is told ( ,arion4 ,we give a some:at num]\s selection f a "w :i* has hi!rto rema9$ b little kn[n to bibliograph]s1 by a pr9t] ^: publications are f> f common1 ! ,vita di ,sancti ,padri vulg>e hi/oriada ( ,ot9o da ,pavia de la ,luna1 #aeja4 ,9 an e>li] edition1 also v r>e1 ! initials are insignificant1 & ! *ief int]e/ ( ! volume is 9 ! little cuts :i* prec$e ! lives ( ! diff]5t sa9ts4 ,! edition f :i* our initials are tak5 is on ! contr>y a p]fect /oreh\se ( int]e/+ ornam5tal lett]s4 ,at ! comm5cem5t ( ea* book !re is a half-page engrav+ repres5t+ an incid5t 9 ! life ( ! fir/ sa9t ^: hi/ory foll[s1 & ?is is surr\nd$ by a h&some ornam5tal bord] :i* sometimes surr\nds ! :ole page4 ,ea* book comm5ces by an initial ( l>g] size ?an ! o!rs4 ,"s ( ^! are giv5--! ,c ) a sa9t hold+ a bag to ano!r1 ! ,d ) a dog1 ! ,l ) f\r ecclesia/ics1 & two ,u's1 "o ) a monk tempt$ ( ! devil 9 ! =m ( a beautiful woman4 ,! small] lett]s1 ( :i* !re are sometimes z _m z ?ree or f\r on a s+le page1 also repres5t incid5ts 9 ! lives ( ! diff]5t sa9ts1 ! devil be+ (t5 ! subject ( ! picture4 ,! title-page has on x ! m>k ( ,ot9o da ,pavia de la ,luna 9 black & r$4 ,"s ( ! initials ( ?is volume aft]w>ds f\nd _! way into ! possession ( ,b]n>d9o ,vitali1 :o us$ !m 9 an ,omili>io quadragesimale1 publi%$ 9 #aeah4 ,we h n se5 ?is volume1 b ,ongania gives reproductions ( its pr9cipal typographical ornam5ts1 among/ !m a ,p & a ,u f ! ,ot9o da ,pavia de la ,luna alphabets4 ,( ! initials n yet m5tion$1 ! ,d & ! ,q1 ! =m] ) a monk we>+ spectacles1 are f a treatise on animals by ,ari/otle1 pr9t$ by ,sessa4 ,! curi\s ,l1 ) a p]sonage 9 a turban1 look+ at a ca/le on ! walls ( :i* are ! heads ( ?ree ( its def5d]s1 comes f an edition ( ! ,leg5d>io de ,sancti ( ,jacobus de ,vorag9e1 pr9t$ by ,nicolo ,dom5ico dal ,gesu4 ,we are almo/ sure1 h[ev]1 t we h met ) x 9 an e>li] missal1 & x 0 subsequ5tly us$ 9 at lea/ "o impression ( ,lyons4 ,! rema9+ lett]s are by diff]5t pr9t]s4 ,! two l>ge initials ) portraits ( a mu* lat] date repres5t respectively--! ,c1 ,cosmo de ,m$ici2 ! ,p1 ,pius ,romae ,pontifex4 ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,o!r ,,italian ,,t[ns ,rome ,we h allud$ 9 ! prec$+ *apt] to ! paucity ( woodcut initials 9 e>ly works pr9t$ at ,rome1 & x is well kn[n t ! op9ions ( ! cl]gy 7 divid$ ) respect to ! propriety ( add+ decorative embelli%m5ts to books4 ,"s *ur* dignit>ies consid]$ x a pi\s occupation1 :il/ o!rs1 :o look$ ^u ! copy+ ( manuscripts z a sure way ( atta9+ salvation1#bh 7 entirely aga9/ book ornam5tation4 ,x is probably on acc\nt ( "s su* ho/ility on ! "p ( ! ecclesia/ical au?orities t ornam5tal initials are s seldom met ) 9 books ( ! e>ly ,roman pr9t]s4 ,9 a li/1 = in/ance1 ( sev5ty-n9e works publi%$ by ,planck1 only "o1 a ,pontificale ( #adhe1 is m5tion$ z hav+ woodcut initials2 9 ! same li/1 ( ?irty-n9e books by ,eu*>ius ,silb]1 !re is "o only ) ornam5tal lett]s4 ,la/ly1 ( "o hundr$ & sev5ty-eight o!r works by sev5te5 kn[n & six unkn[n pr9t]s1 only two are report$ z be+ s embelli%$4 ,( ! e>li] pr9t]s1 ,sweynheim & ,pann>tz us$ "s v h&some initials 9 a few ( _! publications aft] #adgj1 ! ,d reproduc$ be+ f _! ,suetonius1 ,vit ,cs>um4 ,we give also a ,p f "o ( ,e4 ,silb]'s publications1 & a ,c ) ! portrait ( ,ario/o f a "w publi%$ by ,jacobus ,mazo*ius1 #aeae4 #bh ,a propos ( manuscript copy+1 !re 0 an anecdote curr5t 9 ,scriptoria conc]n+ a bro!r :o _h s9n$ v con/antly :il/ 9 ! fle%1 & :o 0 *all5g$ by ,/4 ,pet] at ! ,gate ( ,p>adise4 ,! tally at fir/ seem$ to g aga9/ ! applicant1 b at la/ x 0 f\nd t he _h be5 = "s "t a scribe2 writt5 lett]s 7 *eck$ aga9/ s9s1 & ! frat] 0 f\nd to h a small b suffici5t balance 9 8 fav\r4 ,si5nese impressions are any?+ b common1 & z ! e>ly typography ( ?is t[n /ill awaits a hi/orian1 a %ort acc\nt ( a few works f its *ief press w n be out ( place4 ,! mo/ important is no d\bt ! ,datus1 pr9t$ by ,simeon ,n>di 9 #aejc4 ,! title consi/s ( two l9es 9 small ,go?ic *>act]s1 ,augu/9i dati s55sis op]a1 & und]nea? come ?ree sonnets by admir]s ( ,datus 7= ! "n is spelt indiff]5tly1 ,datus or ,da?us71 9 ea* ( :i* he is comp>$ to ,cic]o4 #8,read ?r\gh1' says ,angelus ,fundius1 #8?is v5]able volume ( ! facund ,da?us1 b take c>e ,i advise y to glance fir/ at ! title page4' #8,nam si =te vagus leg]es1 mihi cr$e put>es non esse hoc ,da?i s$ ,cic]onis opus4' ,! o!rs are equally complim5t>y4 ,! volume is a folio collection ( spee*es & essays on all k9ds ( subjects1 & consi/s ( f\rte5 prelim9>y1 foll[$ by two hundr$ & n9ety numb]$ leaves1 or twice z _m pages4 ,!re are sixty l9es to ! page ( small1 cle> ,roman type1 pleasantly reliev$ by curi\s little capitals4 ,! colophon gives #8,impressum ,s5is ex ,ar*itypo p] ,symeonem ,nicolai ,n>di1 ,anno salutis ,,mdiii ,sexto ,kal ,novembris1' & on ! v]so is ,n>di's m>k repres5t+ a *ild hold+ a bann]et a/ride a wolf1 :i* is suckl+ ano!r *ild b5ea?4 ,! :ole is surr\nd$ by a highly ornam5t$ bord]4 ,! mo/ int]e/+ feature1 h[ev]1 ( ! book is its s]ies ( l>ge initials1 :i*1 tak+ into consid]ation ! two diff]5t /ates ( ! ,q1 are f\rte5 9 numb]4#bi ,! mo/ *>act]i/ic1 & p]haps ! mo/ effective1 are ^? on a black gr\nd1 b ! o!rs are equally free & vigor\s 9 treatm5t4 ,"o ( !m1 ! ,r1 has ! same subject 7,romulus & ,remus ) ! wolf7 z ! pr9t]'s m>k1 a subject :i* is us$ 9 o!r volumes z a pictorial title-page4 ,! reason ( ?is is expla9$ 9 ! motto at ! bottom ( ! m>k 9 ano!r book1 #8,,romae ,,que ,,origo ,,s5ae ,,insignia4' #bi ,9 "s ( ! pro(s ! ,q is a :ite lett]1 ! orig9al block be+ cut away4 ,un=tunately1 z is s (t5 ! case1 ! impressions are n all equally good1 b x is easy to see t :]e any?+ is want+1 x is ! fault ( ! pr9t+ & n ( ! arti/4 ,! lett]s ( ?is s]ies 7 mu* us$ 9 subsequ5t publications1 b ) ! exception ( an ornam5tal ,m ( ! same /yle :i* comes f a book ( poetry publi%$ by ,simon ,rubeo 9 #aeac1 & an ,i 9 a tract by ,m>cellus ,b]+huccius n ( ! same m]it1 we h n se5 any ,si5na lett]s t are n 9 ! ,da?us4 ,x is to be rem>k$ t ! volumes :i* h an ornam5tal title-page h no pr9t]'s m>k1 & vice v]sa1 ! fir/ n occurr+ 9 publications be=e #aeci4 ,two ( ! ,n>di initials1 ! ,p & ! ,c1 are to be met ) 9 a qu>to volume1 #8,c ,pl9io de li hom9i illu/ri 9 l+ua s5ese traducto et brevem5te comm5tato1' :i* is pr9t$ 9 ! ,inclyta ,excelsa citta di ,s5a by t accurate man ,symeone di ,nicolao ,c>rol>o ,s5ese1 #aejf4 ,! m>k is diff]5t 9 "s details1 al?\gh practically ! same z 9 ! ,da?us4 ,! ,vesp]t9 lectiones ( ,m>cellus ,b]+huccius has ! ,h & "s o!rs4 ,! pr9t]'s "n v>ies aga91 be+ giv5 z #8,impressum p] ,cali/rum ,symeonis ,s554 ,ad in/antiam ,ioannis ,alix&ri ,libraio #aeaa4' ,! title is surr\nd$ by a bord] ( oak leaves & acorns4 ,on ! v]so ( ! fir/ page ! d$ication to ,cosmo de ,m$ici beg9s ) ! h&some ,h1 & is foll[$ on ! next page by an int]e/+ cut repres5t+ ! burial ( ,*ri/4 ,! text on ! v]so ( ?is page beg9s ) ! ,l4 ,! second "p ( ! book1 #8,= ! com=t ( ^? :o wi% to live well1 etc41' beg9s ) ! hi/oriat$ ,n1 #8,impresso 9 ,si5a p] ,cali/o ,francese di ,simeone ,b9di1 #aeda4 ,ad in/antiam d',giovanni di ,alis&ro ,libraio4' ,ano!r volume ( ,vesp]t9 lectiones ( ! same au?or 0 publi%$ 9 #aeci1 ! pr9t]'s "n be+ giv5 9 ! same way1 & ! same booksell] be+ m5tion$4 ,x has ! ,n & ! ,d1 z well z a new ,i1 m5tion$ above4 ,! book1 publi%$ on ! #e? ( ,m>*1 has a title-page ) a bord] ( foliat$ bran*es t spr+ bel[ f a common trunk & meet toge!r above4 ,! l[] ?ird is occupi$ by ! ,si5nese wolf & *ildr51 ) a t[n 9 ! di/ance4 ,two tracts ( ,m>cus ,antonius ,bel>matus on legal subjects 7 publi%$ by ,symeon ,nicolai 9 #aeci1 ) ! same ornam5tal bord]4 ,9 "o ( !m ! only l>ge initial is ! ,n4 ,9 ! o!r1 ! title is pr9t$ 9 black1 & ! ,d & ! ,q ( ! :ite v>iety complete its ornam5tation4 ,! la/ book *ronologically 9 :i* we h met ) ! ,n>di initials is a ,life by ,feo ,belc>i ( ,beato ,columb9i da ,si5a1 #8fondatore del ord9e di pov]i giesuati4' ,l s _m ( ! ,v5etian ornam5ts1 ! bord]s & initials ( ,fossombrone are mo/ly ) a black gr\nd1 b ?is is cribl 9 a special mann]4 ,! mo/ important book ( ?is t[n1 :]e pr9t+ 0 introduc$ 9 #aeac by ,ottaviano dei ,petrucci1 is a treatise by ,paul de ,middelburg ) beautiful bord]s & initials1 ,on ! "r way ( celebrat+ ,ea/]1 & ! day ( ! passion ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 a "w ( great r>ity & fill$ ) s+ul> rese>*es = fix+ ,ea/] ,day1 & ! date ( ! dea? ( our ,savi\r4 ,! initials h bran*+ ornam5ts1 & *ildr5 play+ ) "o ano!r1 "o hold+ up a mask1 or ) birds4 ,"o ( !m c be se5 9 ,buts*4 ,! pr9cipal pr9t] ( ,pavia1 at ! beg9n+ ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 0 ,jacobus ,paucidrap5sis de ,burg(ranco1 ^: books h v h&some ornam5tal & hi/oriat$ initials1 ! latt] ) portraits ( celebrat$ m54 ,8 ,hyg9us de ,/ellis1 publi%$ 9 #aeac at ! exp5se ( ! heirs ( #8t late nobleman ,octavianus ,scot & 8 associates1' has sev]al4 ,! ,d giv5 "h is f ?is volume4 ,! ,o ) ano!r portrait1 & ! f\r o!r lett]s ,f1 ,l1 ,n1 ,p1 are also specim5s ( ?is press1 b we h n be5 able to id5tify !m m p>ticul>ly4 ,j4 de ,burg(ranco also uses a small] alphabet 9 ! same /yle ( ornam5t4 ,pr9t+ 0 introduc$ at ,como 9 #aeba1 ! sev5 initials giv5 be+ tak5 f ! fir/ book pr9t$ !re1 ! treatise ( ,vitruvius on ,ar*itecture4 ,9 ?is rem>kably h&some volume1 full ( ar*itectural diagrams & plans1 !re is1 among/ o!rs1 an #8elevation' ( ! ca!dral ( ,milan4 ,como _h long be5 celebrat$ = ! beauty ( its situation1 = ! colophon1 aft] giv+ ! names ( ! #8magnific5t' & #8noble comm5tators1' #8em5dators1' & #8ca/igators1' /ates t ! volume 0 pr9t$ by ,got>dus de ,ponte 9 ! ,amo5a delecteuole citate de ,como4 ,9 "o ( ! initials1 a ,d1 !re is a view ( a lake ) sail+ boats 9 a %[] ( ra91 no d\bt int5d$ to be ,como4 ,! ,u ) ! ,crucifixion & ! ,o repres5t+ ,/4 ,j]ome are our only specim5s ( ! press ( ,guillaume le ,sign]re1 a ,r\5 pr9t] :o set up at ! beg9n+ ( ! sixte5? c5tury at ,saluzzo4 ,! book f :i* !y are tak5 is an extremely h&some edition ( ! ,aureum ,opus ( ,vivaldus1 s (t5 repr9t$1 & x has a full-page engrav+ ) ,/4 ,j]ome1 ! same subject z 9 "o ( ! initials1 & on ano!r page ! portrait ( ,le ,sign]re's patron2 at ! end ! pr9t]'s m>k4 ,! colophon /ates t x 0 pr9t$ at ,saluzzo by ! mo/ des]v+ bro!rs1 ,le ,sign]re ( ,r\51 at ! exp5se ( t mo/ illu/ri\s & clem5t pr9ce1 ,lodovicus1 ,m>quis ( ,saluzzo1 & vic]eg5t ( ,naples4 ,) ! exception ( an insignificant floral lett] at ! beg9n+ ( ! preface1 ! two initials giv5 are ! only ones 9 ! book1 ! ,t ) ! ,crucifixion occurr+ twice4 ,! bro!rs ,sign]re w\ld appe> to h tri$ _! =tune else:]e be=e go+ to ,saluzzo4 ,9 #adif !y 7 pr9t+ at ,milan1 giv+ ! ,practica ,musice ( ,fran*9i ,ga=i1 ) f9e bord]s & initials4 ,f]r>a1#cj ,milan1 etc4--,"o ( ! mo/ celebrat$ books ( its day 0 ! ,de plurimis cl>is selectisque muli]ibus ( ,philip ,b]gom5sis1 describ$ z be+ revis$ & #8ca/igat$' ) great dilig5ce by t #8great doctor 9 !ology1 ,ma/] ,alb]t de ,plac5tia & bro!r ,augu/9us de ,casili maiori1' ,f]r>ie impressum op]a et imp5sa magi/ri ,laur5tii de ,rubeis de ,val5cia4 #cj ,f]r>a is kn[n to art /ud5ts 9 connection ) initial lett]s by ! alphabet ( ,fra ,vespasiano ,amphi>eo1 a ,r5aissance calligraphi/1 :i* is (t5 reproduc$ 9 works on manuscript ornam5tation4 ,= ! g5]al /ud5t ?is "w1 :i* took rank at once z "o ( ! mo/ arti/ic publications ( ! "t1 is *iefly int]e/+ on acc\nt ( ! portraits ( ! celebrat$ wom5 ^: hi/ories x relates1 b besides ^! !re is a ne>ly complete alphabet ( initials :i* h>monise p]fectly ) ! woodcut engrav+s4 ,al?\gh diff]5t 9 treatm5t1 ! design is v simil> to t us$ by ,regiomontanus ( ,nuremb]g1 b ) ! addition ( an occasional masc>on1 or head ( a dolph94 ,v decorative1 al?\gh simple1 on ! pr9t$ page1 !y lose "s ( _! effect :5 br\ght toge!r z an alphabet4 ,! volume beg9s ) a l9e> ,m repres5t+ ! ,virg9 & *ild4 ,! o!r set ( initials1 ( an entirely diff]5t k9d1 is tak5 f ! ,missale ,c>?usi5se1 pr9t$ by ! monks at _! mona/]y at ,f]r>a 9 #aejc1 & g5]ally kn[n z ! ,missal ( ,f]r>a4 ,missale secundum ord9em ,c>?usi5sem4 ,impressum 9 ,mona/]io ,c>?usie ,f]r>ie ,dilig5t] em5datum p] ,mona*os ejusdem ,domus ,regnante ,excell5tissimo ,d4,d4 ,duce ,h]cule ,e/54 ,anno a nativitate dom9i ,,mccccciii4 ,9 _m ( ! o!r ,italian t[ns1 al?\gh pr9t+ 0 e/abli%$ at an e>ly date1 ! ornam5tation ( books 0 comp>atively neglect$1 & !re are few or no initials ( int]e/ to be m5tion$4 ,foligno1 = example1 0 "o ( ! fir/ places :]e ! art ( pr9t+ 0 introduc$4 ,j4 ,neumei/]1 "o ( ! workm5 & associates ( ,gut5b]g1 publi%$ !re 9 #adgj a sup]b folio1 ,leon>di ,aret9i ,bruni de bello italico adv]sus ,go?os4 ,at ,milan1 ,philip ( ,lavagna gave a small qu>to1 ! ,miracoli de la ,gloriosa ,v]z5e ,m>ia1 dat$ #adfi2 b ?is date is a mi/ake1 & x 0 really 9 #adgd or #adgi t ! tract appe>$4 ,z>otus 0 pr9t+ at ?is t[n 9 #adga1 & ?ree ye>s lat] ,*ri/oph] ,vald>f] began op]ations4 ,:5 initials occur 9 ! books ( ^! pr9t]s !y resemble some:at ^? ( ,v5ice1 b !y are ( unequal m]it1 "s be+ co>sely cut & m]ely curi\s1 o!rs ( ! highe/ arti/ic excell5ce4 ,( ! fir/1 ! ,m & ,t f ! ,opus auree et inexplicabilis bonitatis et cont95tie1 pr9t$ by ,joannes de ,ca/ellione 9 #aeac1 w s]ve z an example4 ,! six o!r lett]s are f works by ,got>dus de ,ponte1 & are to be f\nd also 9 a book call$ ,calipsy*ia ( #aeaa2 9 ! ,life ( ,sa9t ,v]onica by ,isidorus de ,isolanis1 ( #aeah2 also 9 an ,opus auree :i* seems to h be5 pr9t$ ev]y:]e1 dat$ #aeac4 ,! ,q ) a v black bord]1 a circle ( :ite dots1 an ornam5t 9 ea* corn]1 & a sa9t ) crozi] look+ to ! "r1 comes f ! ,s]mons ( ,/4 ,b]n>d1 ,milan1 ,leon>d ,pa*el1 #adie4 ,! smalle/ s]ies is f a volume ( ,decretals by ,ulric ,sc9z5zell]4 ,at ,flor5ce pr9t+ 0 introduc$ 9 #adga by ,b]n>do ,c5n9i1 :o comm5c$ at once ! composition ( ! ,comm5t>ies ( ,s]vius on ,virgil1 :i* 0 publi%$ ! foll[+ ye>4 ,to ,giovanni ,t$esco we are indebt$ = editions ( ! ,philocolo ( ,boccaccio & ! ,trionfi ( ,petr>*4 ,b ! mo/ celebrat$ ,flor5ce pr9t] ( ! fifte5? c5tury 0 ,nicolo di ,lor5zo 7,nicolaus ,laur5tii7 ( ,breslau1 ! publi%] ( ! celebrat$ ,dante ) engrav+s ( #adha4 ,books pr9t$ at ,v]ona at ! beg9n+ ( ! sixte5? c5tury are n common1 & woodcut initials are ev5 m seldom met )1 b we h be5 able to f9d "o or two 9 a tract pr9t$ by ,lucas ,antonius1 or ,luc ,antonio ,giunta1 ( ,flor5ce1 9 #aejd1 :i* is extremely curi\s 9 _m ways4 ,! text on ! title-page is arrang$ 9 ! =m ( a cross1 & runs z foll[s3 ,delitiosam explicationem de s5sibilibus deliciis p>adisi a ,d4 ,celso ,mapheo ,v]on5se ,canonico regul>i editam hoc libello lector agnosc]e pot]is et ipsa plurimum oblect>i valebis4 ,on ! v]so ( ! la/ page is a v f9e m>k ( ,lucas ,antonius4 ,! ornam5tation ( ! book is complet$ by num]\s woodcut initials ( v>i\s sizes1 b mo/ly z badly cut z pr9t$4 ,!re are sev]al lett]s ( an int]lac$ patt]n1 b ! two we h select$ are ! mo/ int]e/+1 ! ,c ) ! gladiator & lion occurr+ at ! beg9n+ ( ! fir/ *apt]1 ! ,q be+ repeat$ twice4 ,!re is also a hi/oriat$ ,p ) a *ild1 a little small]4 ,books ( ! beg9n+ ( ! fifte5? c5tury publi%$ at ,brescia h a few good initials1 m or less 9 ! ,v5etian /yle4 ,an ,s1 ) a w+$ *ild ) b[ & arr[s1 probably a ,cupid1 is to be met ) 9 sev]al impressions4 ,! ,p1 ) a sa9t 9 ! same /yle1 & a some:at l>g] ,p1 prolong$ z a bord]1 h ! same orig94 ,! v wide ,c1 ) a monk at a lattic$ w9d[1 is f a volume ( ,brescia1 9 :i* !re are also ?ree or f\r insignificant floral initials 9 ! /yle ( ,grn+]'s lea/ int]e/+ lett]s1 an engrav$ title-page ) ! portraits ( celebrat$ m5 9 comp>tm5ts1 & on ! v]so ( ! la/ page a ,virg9 & *ild ) irradiat+ flames4 ,! title1 ,!ophra/i ,natalii ,cy*u?oe ,teutonici ,invectivae1 ,maxima cum dilig5tia ,brixiae impressum1 x is said1 b )\t giv+ ! pr9t]'s "n4 ,at ,vic5za initials 7 also mo/ly 9 ! ,v5etian /yle1 b inf]ior z a rule to ! orig9als4 ,9 "o volume1 a ,catalogus ,sanctorum1 pr9t$ by ,h5ricus de ,sancto ,urso 9 #adic1 !re are two typographical ecc5tricities :i*1 z !y h to d ) initials1 are wor? po9t+ out4 ,9 "s e>ly volumes ornam5tal initials are occasionally met ) ( su* primitive execution1 t ! only possible explanation is1 t ! necess>y lett] be+ want+1 x 0 cut on ! spur ( ! mom5t by an entirely unskill$ h&4 ,among/ ! initials :i* occur ! lea/ (t5 at ! beg9n+ ( ,lat9 p>agraphs are ! ,b & ,g1 & ( c\rse su* lett]s z ,x1 ,y1 ,z4 ,x is probable t :5 ?is ,catalogus 0 be+ set up1 !re 0 no ,g among/ ! ornam5tal alphabets available1 = no o!r p>agraph 9 ! book beg9s ) ?is lett]4 ,to meet ?is cont+5cy1 ! requir$ initial 0 cut =?)1 ! result be+ ! ,g 9 "q1 r\ghly repres5t+ a human face4 ,! o!r s+ul>ity is an in/ance ( ! transposition ( lett]s1 ( :i* examples h be5 already giv51 b "h1 in/ead ( turn+ an ,a or a ,c upside d[n to s]ve z a ,v or a ,d1 x is an ,f t does duty bo? = an ,f & an ,e4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( ! eigh? book !re is an ,e = ,/4 ,ezekiel1 :i* has evid5tly be5 made f an ,f1 ! l[] transv]sal "p hav+ be5 cut aft]w>ds1 z c be se5 by ! r\gh execution & ! di/urbance ( ! g5]al ornam5tation4 ,b ! transposition ( an ,f into an ,e is a ?+ t (t5 occurs4 ,! peculi>ity "h is t at ! t5? book1 :i* beg9s ) ! fea/ ( ,all ,sa9ts1 ,fe/ivitas omnium ,sanctorum1 an ,f be+ requir$1 ! same block is us$ z = ,ezekiel1 ! lett] be+ re/or$ to its fir/ condition by a plug1 b %[+ cle>ly traces ( its trans=mations4 ,,*apt] ,x ,,lyons ,by its geographical situation1 by its proximity to ,basle1 by its condition z a free t[n1 & ?r\gh ! fairs t attract$ )9 its walls ! m]*ants f o!r p>ts ( ,france1 z well z f ,g]many1 ,italy1 & ,holl&1 ,lyons became at once a typographical c5tre ( ! fir/ importance1 ev5 prec$+ ,p>is z reg>ds book illu/ration4 ,9 #adgc ,b>!lemy ,buy]1 a ri* ,lyons m]*ant1 f\nd$ ! fir/ press ) ! help ( ,william ,l]oy1 publi%+ fir/ ! ,comp5dium ( ,lo?>ius1 !n ,la ,leg5de ,dore1 six mon?s be=e ! appe>ance ( ! ,*roniques de ,sa9t ,d5is at ,p>is4 ,ornam5tal lett]s occur = ! fir/ "t 9 ! ,mir\] ,hy/orial4#ca ,! specim5s giv5 7 us$ by ,l]oy 9 #adgi1 & are kn[n z lettres t\rneures fleuronnes4 ,on ! title-page ( ! ,pre/re ,jehan ( ! same publi%] is a hi/oriat$ ,p %[+ ! ?ree companions travell+ 9 ! l& ( ,pre/] ,john1 arriv+ be=e a ca/le ( ! #8paynims4' ,! text beg9s ) a small] initial1 also a ,p ) a s]p5t's head :i* =ms "p ( ! alphabet ( ! ,/atuta ,lugdun5sia1 & takes ! place ( ! l>g] initial on ! title-page ( a lat] edition4 ,! initials ( ! ,/atuta ,synodalia are v mu* l ^? occurr+ 9 ! ,quatre ,fils ,aymon & 9 ! ,de*i] de ,nobles ,hommes et ,femmes1 a translation ( ! ,de casibus illu/rium virorum ( ,boccaccio 7,ma?ieu ,husz & ,jean ,s*abel]1 #adhc71 &1 al?\gh diff]5tly treat$1 ! same subjects1 grotesque pr(iles1 are to be f\nd 9 ! fir/ ,p>is lett]s ( ,dupr & ,vr>d4 ,= ! o!r lett]s ( ^! e>ly alphabets1 ( :i* specim5s are n giv5 "h1 ! read] is ref]r$ to ,claud9's great "w on ! ,hi/ory ( ,pr9t+ 9 ,france1 un=tunately left incomplete by ! dea? ( ! au?or1 b ( :i* ! ?ird volume1 ! fir/ ( ! two int5d$ to relate to ,lyons1 is f9i%$4 #ca ,mr4 ,poll>d speaks ( an edition ( #8,beaudo91 ,comte de ,fl&res1' ( #adgh1 ) rude pr9t$ initials4 ,x is *iefly 9 ! ,fr5* books ( ?is p]iod t we meet ) ^? l>ge calligraphic initials = title-pages1 g5]ally tak+ ! =m ( ! lett] ,l 9 ! /yle ( ! t5? c5tury1 :i* are said by ,claud9 to be kn[n z lettres de =me1 dites cadeaux4 ,! two l>ge/ are to be f\nd 9 ! ,m] des ,hi/oires1 pr9t$ fir/ by ,le ,r\ge 9 #adhh1 ! initials ( :i* 7 copi$ by ,dupr 9 #adia4 ,!y exce$ ! dim5sions ( ?is page1 & are consequ5tly too tall = reproduction "h4 ,m4 ,?i]ry ,p\x 9 8 ,orig9es de l',imprim]ie en ,france1 & ,claud9 7op4 cit471 h giv5 good copies4 ,!y repres5t knights 9 arm\r1 probably ,/4 ,george or ,/4 ,mi*ael spe>+ ! dragon1 ) diff]5t accessory ornam5ts along ! m>g94 ,! mo/ common ( all ^! initials is ! "o :i* occurs on ! title-page ( ! ,doctr9al de ,sapi5ce1 & ( ?is we h pref]r$ ! ,g5eva copy4 ,! ,fr5* composition :i* is kn[n z ! ,janu>y & ,may ,l1 & is mu* m insipid1 w\ld appe> to h be5 mo/ popul>1 recurr+ 9 a great _m books bo? ( ,p>is & ,lyons4 ,ano!r ,l frequ5tly se51 ( :i* ,mr4 ,poll>d 9 8 ,e>ly ,illu/rat$ ,books gives a copy1 0 fir/ us$ = ! ,livre du ,faulcon2 ! top ( ! lett] curves d[n to end 9 ! head ( "s imag9>y bird1 betwe5 ! two grotesque pr(iles4 ,9 "s books ?is "p has be5 remov$1 ! lett] pres5t+ ! appe>ance ( hav+ be5 cut d[n4 ,( our selections1 ! ,l ) two heads on ! left & a collection ( dragons on ! "r1 "o ( :i* is disgorg+ a fool complete ) cap1 bells1 & m>otte1 is f ! title-page ( a ,melus9e1 b is met ) 9 o!r books4 ,! lett] ) ! two heads1 a monkey & two birds1 :i* occurs also 9 o!r publications1 0 tak5 f ! ,somme ,rurale ( ,pi]re ,b\telli]4 ,! ,l ) only "o human head & a bird sep>at$ by ! head & neck ( an imag9>y reptile c be se5 9 ,dem&es d',am\r1 ,le ,cordial1 ,les ,qu9ze1 ,joies de ,m>riage1 ,le ,doctr9al des ,femmes m>ies4 ,z to ! initial ) ,eve1 x is to be f\nd on ! title-page ( ! ,livre des ,m>*&s1 ( ! ,leg5de ,dore1 z well z on "s o!rs4 ,z a la/ example ( ^! l>ge calligraphic lett]s1 we give ! l>ge ,l ) ?ree pr(iles4 ,9 an entirely diff]5t /yle is a magnific5t ,q on a black gr\nd1 repres5t+ ,/4 ,george & ! ,dragon1 f an edition ( ! ,m] des ,hy/oires by ,mi*el ,topie1 )\t d\bt "o ( ! mo/ effective ( ! ,lyons initials4 ,!re is a well-cut ,a at ! comm5cem5t ( ,breid5ba*'s ,sa9ct voyage de la cit de ,hi]usalem1 :i* ,claud9 attributes to ,gasp>d ,ortu94 ,?is book conta9s ! fir/ specim5s ( ,arabic *>act]s pr9t$ 9 ,france4 ,we n[ come to a s]ies ( lett]s f ! missal ( ,pi]re ,hongre ( #aejj1 "s ( :i* _h be5 us$ 9 ! missal ( ,uzs1 publi%$ by ,jean ,neumei/] & ,mi*el ,topie 9 #adig4 ,?is l5d+ or hir+ ( typographical ornam5ts 0 v common among/ ,lyons pr9t]s1 z c be se5 by a comp>ison ( ! books ( diff]5t publi%]s1 & z is prov$ by an agreem5t ( ! "t1 betwe5 ,mi*el ,topie & an ,angev9 pr9t]1 discov]$ by ! ,abb ,requ9 among/ "s old not>ial de$s4 ,! lett]s ( ,pi]re ,hongre's missal repres5t1 z usual1 ,biblical sc5es1 & al?\gh ( an ar*aic type1 ! attitudes are true1 & !y are animat$ by a s9c]e & arti/ic s5tim5t4 ,! subjects ( ! diff]5t lett]s speak = !mselves4 ,! ,t1 z usual1 is ! sacrifice ( ,abraham2 ! ,c ! m>tyrdom ( ,/4 ,/eph52 ! ,d ! ,nativity1 etc4 ,_m ( ^! are to be f\nd aft]w>ds 9 o!r missals1 su* z ! missals ,n>bone1 ,aqu5sis1 ,matiscon5sis1 etc4 ,! hi/oriat$ initials f ! ,saccon ,missal1 also ( #aejj1 all ( ! same type1 are int]e/+ f ! fact t we are able to give ! "n ( ! engrav]4 ,9 our collection ( cut initials !re is1 among/ o!rs1 ! ,s ) sev]al p]sonages1 & f ! same book f :i* x is tak51 & 9 ! same type z on ! v]so ( ?is initial1 is a #8dixit' ( five l9es :i* speaks = itself3-- #8,petrus ,b]torius edidit ,lamb]tus ,campe/] illu/ravit ,joannes ,cob]g]us erogavit exp5sis ,jacobus ,sacconius expressit ,amor v]itatis p]suasit4' ,good missal initials are to be f\nd also 9 ! ,missale secundum ord9em ,c>?usi5sem ( ,simon ,bevilaqua1 #aeag1 su* z ! ,c 7sa9ts ) a palm-leaf71 & ! ,d 7! ,good ,%eph]d74 ,! ,missale secundum ord9em fratrum pr$icatorum ( ,moyl91 #aeae1 has also int]e/+ ornam5tal lett]s4 ,( ! two l>ge ,a's1 "o is f a missal1 ! o!r f a ,catalogus ,sanctorum ( ,saccon4 ,! ,g & ! small] ,p are bo? f ,lyons missals4 ,! ?ree little pictures1 "o ( :i* repres5ts ! expulsion ( a devil1 ! two o!rs ! ,apo/les 9 a boat1 are 9 reality ornam5tal initials ) ! lett]1 an ,i1 9 ! "r bord]1 & belong to a volume ( homilies pr9t$ by ,j4 ,p\llet 9 #aeje1 9 :i* e p>agraph beg9s ) ! same lett]4 ,! f\r? is "o ( ^? little cuts t are sometimes us$ 9 missals 9 ! place ( pictorial initials1 & :i*1 accord+ to ,dibd91 are to be class$ ) initials4 ,x is n (t5 t we meet ) complete alphabets f s+le books1 except 9 ! case ( works arrang$ by alphabetical ord] & diction>ies4 ,su* is ! case ) ! ,ca?olicon1 ( :i* ,j4 ,wolff publi%$ an edition 9 #aejc4 ,un=tunately ! alphabet is n uni=m1 ei!r 9 size1 /yle1 or subject1 & "s ( ! lett]s are ( m9or int]e/4 ,we h select$ ! mo/ curi\s & mo/ uncommon4 ,! f\r initials ( ! same k9d1 ! halb]di] ,u1 ! /&>d-be>] ,o1 ! page ,p1 & ! k+ ,d1 are sometimes f\nd 9 o!r volumes--9 ! ,aureum ,opus1 = example4 ,x is f ! prologue ( an edition ( ?is "w1 pr9t$ = ,gueyn>d 9 #aeje by ,de ,v+le1 t we h tak5 ! v int]e/+ ,q ( ,/4 ,j]ome1 :i* is also ! subject ( ! fir/ initial 9 ! ,saluzzo edition4 ,we only "k ( "o o!r lett] ( ?is size 9 ! /yle ( ! ,catalogus s]ies4 ,z c be se5 f our reproduction1 x repres5ts ! ,virg91 & is to be f\nd at ! beg9n+ ( a v r>e & curi\s plaquette entitl$ #8,plusieurs g5tillesses p\r faire en t\tes bonnes compaignies4 ,et aussi plusieurs bonnes et utiles receptes espr\ves p> ,mai/re ,symon de ,millan4 ,on les v5d a ,lyon en la maison de feu ,b>nab ,*auss>d4' ,! two curi\s ,l's are f ! title-page & f ! beg9n+ ( "o ( ! *apt]s ( a ,lyons ,proprietaire1 want+ ! la/ page1 b ( :i* we h n se5 any o!r copy4 ,! ,l ) a pr(ile & cr[n$ lion is f ! title-page4 ,! o!r lett]s1 ,d1 ,h1 ,m1 are f ! treatise on m5 & wom5 at ! end ( ! volume1 arrang$ accord+ to ! signs ( ! ,zodiac4 ,! ,m %[s ! au?or m$itat+ ! effect ( 8 op5+ rem>ks4 ,! ,d & ! ,h are at ! beg9n+ ( a p>agraph ref]r+ to ,virgo & ! ,gem9i respectively4 ,! two l>ge lett]s ,c & ,d1 repres5t+ ! ,viaticum & ! ,nativity1 ) ! sev5 small] ones1 are to be f\nd 9 an edition ( ! ,regim5 ,sanitatis1 ) comm5ts by ,magn9i1 attribut$ by ,claud91 on ! /r5g? ( an initial on ! title-page ) a bird1 to ,frad91 #aeje4 ,?is is no d\bt correct1 = ! l>ge ,c 7a prie/ c>ry+ ! ho/71 ) sev]al ( ! small] lett]s1 is to be f\nd 9 an und\bt$ edition by t pr9t] ( ,plat9a's ,de ,hone/ate ,voluptate ( #aeje4cb #cb ,! ,g1 ,c1 & ,i1 ) pr(iles & grotesques1 7 us$ two ye>s be=e 9 a ,lyons edition ( ! ,rommant de la ,rose1 by ,g4 ,bals>91 #aejc4 ,f a te*nical po9t ( view1 f ! elegance ( ! design & ! delicacy ( ! execution1 ! s]ies tak5 f works by ,blan*>d & o!rs1 ) ma/]s & s*ol>s 9 co/umes ( ! "t ( ,l\is ,,xii41 is p>ticul>ly int]e/+1 ! ,s ) pope & c>d9als be+ q rem>kable4 ,! *ildr5's alphabet 0 us$ by ,frad9 & f\r or five diff]5t pr9t]s1 p]haps by m4 ,a c]ta9 numb] ( *ildr5's lett]s1 b enl>g$ to ! size ( ! initials ( ,cologne ( ,alb]t ,dr]1 are 9 ! ,graduale ,vi5n5se ( #aecd4 ,"o ( !m1 ! ,r1 is a co>se copy ( ! same ,dr] lett]1 & has be5 giv5 "u ,cologne = ! sake ( comp>ison4 ,! o!rs1 elev5 9 numb]1 al?\gh n exact copies ( ! small] lett]s1 are v mu* l our small] reproductions & are treat$ 9 ! same mann]1 b ! be/ pro(s we h se5 ( ! specim5s we give are 9 a copy on vellum ( ! ,n>bonne ,missal ( ,frad9 ( #aebh1 f :i* ! ,p ) ! ,nativity1 ! small] ,p ) a sa9t ab\t to be behead$1 & ! ,r ) ,dea?1 are also tak54 ,!re is a v simil> set 9 ! ,g]man ,psalt] ( ,nuremb]g1 pr9t$ by ,j4 ,petreius 9 #aebe4 ,! ,f ) a portrait ( ,/4 ,ambrose is f a translation ( ,/4 ,j]ome by ,erasmus1 ( :om an excell5t portrait is also se5 9 ano!r initial4 ,two ( ! mo/ *>act]i/ic sets ( ,lyons lett]s are ^? tak5 f ! ,biblia cum ,summ>iis et cum ,concordantiis1 pr9t$ by ,john ,moyl9 = ,/eph5 ,gueyn>d 9 #aeaf1 & f ! ,catalogus ,sanctorum ( ,saccon ( #aead4 ,! ,bible lett]s repres5t necess>ily sc5es 9 ,scripture hi/ory1 (t5 be+ inspir$ by ! initials 9 ! ,bibles ( ,nuremb]g & ,augsburg4 ,! initials us$ 9 ! diff]5t books ( ,lives ( ! ,sa9ts1 ! *ief ( :i* 7 ! ,gold5 ,leg5d1 ! ,catalogus ,sanctorum1 & ! ,lives ( ! ,holy ,fa!rs1 are m9iature pictures1 &1 al?\gh ( small size1 !y conta9 q z _m details z ! l>g] engrav+s t illu/rate "s ( ! m pret5ti\s editions4 ,x may be not$ t :5 !re are hi/oriat$ lett]s1 !re are no pictures prop]ly s call$1 b1 z ! num]\s editions te/ify1 ^? ) pictorial initials1 :i* ! unle>n$ 7 able to und]/&1 z well z ! illu/rations prop]1 7 among/ ! mo/ popul> ( ! publications ( ! beg9n+ ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,9 an edition ( ! ,gold5 ,leg5d n[ be=e u1 pr9t$ 9 #aead = ,m>t9 ,boillon1 by ,gilb]t de ,villi]s1 ! same ye> z ! ,catalogus ,sanctorum ( ,saccon1 ( :i* we give ! lett]s1 ! text beg9s ) a l>ge ,a1 repres5t+ ! ,adv5t ( ,*ri/1 ( ! same size z ! ,bible initials4 ,a little fur!r on1 ano!r ,a /&s = ,/4 ,&rew ) 8 cross4 ,next comes an ,n1 = ! patron ( *ildr51 ,/4 ,ni*olas1 :o is depict$ ) ?ree ( !m app>5tly 9 a pickle tub4 ,z ! lett]s ne>ly always correspond to ! sa9t's "n1 ! hi/oriat$ initials1 = ^? :o knew _! alphabets1 7 ev5 m useful ?an ! l>ge engrav+s1 :i* requir$ = _! compreh5sion a compet5t k ( ! attributes ( ! sa9ts4 ,proce$+ fur!r1 an ,n ) an ass1 a c[1 a *ild 9 a cradle1 & a />1 /&s = ! ,nativity4 ,sa9t ,john ! ,evangeli/ has an ,i1 ) 8 eagle4 ,ano!r ,i1 ) ?ree soldi]s1 "o ( !m /abb+ a *ild1 & a woman ) ano!r *ild on h] lap1 repres5ts ! ,massacre ( ! ,innoc5ts1 & bo? = composition & execution x is sup]ior to ! l>g] cuts ( ! illu/rat$ volumes4 ,/4 ,paul ! ,h]mit1 & ,/4 ,remy1 may be recognis$ by ! bird :i* is br++ !m a r+4 ,! ,m ) a nak$ sa9t %[s ,/4 ,mac>ius 9 ! des]t1 :]e = kill+ a gnat #8nudus sex m5sibus 9 des]to mansit et inde a scabronibus totus lac]atus exivit4' ,! fir/ lett]1 ) ! sa9t kneel+ d[n1 & a soldi] ab\t to wield an imm5se sword1 is an ,f1 = ,/4 ,fabian1 & ?is subject ) v>iations recurs frequ5tly1 ,/4 ,long9us1 ,/4 ,gregory1 & _m o!rs be+ s repres5t$4 ,9 ! ,b ( ,/4 ,basil we see = ! fir/ "t ! ,fa!r ( ,evil 9 ! %ape ( a dog-fac$ monkey1 s (t5 depict$ bo? 9 ! ar*itecture & 9 book ornam5tation ( ! p]iod4 ,he is disput+ ) ,/4 ,basil ab\t ! kneel+ *ild1 b ( c\rse gets ! wor/ ( ! argum5t4 ,! same ,b does = ,/4 ,b5$ict2 ! ,a ) two devils ) hair /&+ on end is = ,/4 ,am&us4 ,! same initial does = ,/4 ,ambrosius4 ,george ( ,engl& is %[n on horseback ) ! slaught]$ dragon4 ,an ,s1 ) a numb] ( p ly+ d[n1 is = ! sev5 sleep]s4 ,9 ano!r ,s1 :at looks l a cr[d ( /ud5ts illu/rates ! section #8,de septem fratribus qui fu]unt filii beati felicitatis'2 ,/4 ,*ri/9e is look+ at :at appe>s to be a h\se on fire4 ,! ,m ( ,/4 ,mac>ius recurs to illu/rate ! nak$ness ( ,/4 ,mam]t9us1 :o is left 9 t condition by robb]s1 & ! ,n ( ! ,nativity does aga9 = ! ,nativity ( ! ,virg94 ,! two m$ical sa9ts1 ,/4 ,cosmo & ,/4 ,damian1 are %[n toge!r z usual 9 a ,c1 "o ( !m hold+ 9 8 h& a flask ( special %ape4 ,( ! rema9d]1 ! mo/ int]e/+ are ! ,m ( ,/4 ,mi*ael ! ,ar*angel1 :o is attack+ ) 8 sword a devil ) horns & a v po9t$ nose2 ,/4 ,d5is1 :o is c>ry+ 8 head 9 8 h&2 a ,p1 = ! t5 ?\s& m>tyrs1 two ( :om are %[n ) swords com+ ?r\gh _! bodies f und]nea?1 j z 9 "o ( ! ,s*ott initials ( ,/rasburg4 ,9 ! initial = ! elev5 ?\s& ,virg9s1 "o girl is ab\t to be behead$ :il/ two o!rs are look+ on4 ,/4 ,eu/ace is at 8 anvil1 ) fire & bell[s 9 ! backgr\nd4 ,/4 ,m>t9 is %[n1 ) 8 cloak1 on horseback1 & ,/4 ,elizabe? ( ,hung>y ) a ca/le 9 ! backgr\nd4 ,! la/ ) a pictorial initial is ,/4 ,b]n>d9us1 to :om ! ,virg9 & ,*ild are appe>+ 9 a vision4 ,!re is ano!r edition ( ! ,catalogus ,sanctorum ) only "o l>ge introductory initial1 b 9 :i* ! diff]5t *apt]s are prec$$ by little woodcuts4 ,9 "o ( ^!1 :i* is repeat$ sev]al times1 ! sa9t is %[n ) an in/rum5t = execution on ! same pr9ciple z ! mod]n guillot9e4 ,( ,saccon's _m o!r alphabets ! two outl9e initials1 two ,q's1 "o a monkey rid+ a mon/]1 ! o!r an owl1 five o!r lett]s ) heads1 & ! little black animal lett]s1 mu/ s]ve z examples4 ,! ,l ) two peasants look+ at an angel 9 ! cl\ds is to be f\nd 9 a ,bible & on ! title-page ( a ,lib] ,ca?onis4 ,an amus+ little set comes f a pr9t] ^: "n is unkn[n to u1 ! book be+ entitl$ ,morale ,r$uctorium ,petri ,b]?orii4 ,! ,c is probably a conv5t cell>]1 :il/ ! ,n is a /udy 9 contempor>y co/ume1 & rem>kable = ! numb] ( details t h be5 cond5s$ into s small a space4 ,! ,c ) ! ,crucifixion is an example ( ! extraord9>y incongruity t is sometimes se5 betwe5 ornam5ts & text4 ,9 a book ( devotions we sometimes meet ) ! mo/ scabr\s subjects2 "h ! rev]se is ! case1 ?is reproduction1 :atev] may h be5 its orig91 be+ tak5 f a milit>y treatise publi%$ by ,jacques ,mod]nes1 ,vallo1 ,du ,faict de la ,gu]re et ,art militaire4 ,! o!r lett]s 9 ! "w are f worn-out blocks f ! /ock ( ,saccon4 ,al?\gh ( lat] date ?an ! majority ( our reproductions1 our rema9+ initials are s frequ5tly f\nd 9 ,lyons books t !y are repres5tative1 z x 71 ( ,lyons ornam5tation4 ,!re are sev]al diff]5t-siz$ alphabets ( philosoph]s1 b ! "o giv5 is by f> ! be/ 9 execution4 ,our reproductions are z good z possible1 b ! pro(s 9 ! orig9al are ( a greyi% col\r :i*1 tak5 toge!r ) ! cle> way 9 :i* !y are pr9t$1 is mo/ ornam5tal4 ,! my?ological lett]s are f a book ( ,italian poetry1 #8,/ampato 9 ,lione1 p] ,jacopo ,fabio4 ,appresso ,ba/iano di ,b>?olomeo ,honorati1 #aeef1' &1 ) ! exception ( ! ,s1 :i* is sign$ ) ! initials ,h ,f 7,hans ,frank71 ! o!r lett]s are attribut$ to ! ,petit ,b]n>d4 ,! ?ree l>ge lettres p>lantes1 ,d = ,diana1 etc41 are f ,lyons impressions ( ab\t ! same "t4 ,,*apt] ,,xi ,,p>is ,z ) ,lyons1 ! mat]ial ^u :i* "o c\ld draw = ,p>is is almo/ inexhau/ible4 ,dibd9 consid]s ! initials ( ?is t[n to be ! f9e/ t c be f\nd1 & gives ! lett]s ( ,josse ,bade ) bran*es gr[+ out ( ! heads ( ! p]sonages z examples4 ,z reg>ds book illu/ration1 h[ev]1 ,p>is 0 beh9d ,lyons1 :]e ! e>lie/ attempts at decoration 7 made 9 #adgh4 ,! fir/ book pr9t$ 9 ,p>is ) ornam5tal lett]s 0 ! ,vies des ,anci5s ,sa9ctz ,pres ( ,dupr1 :i* appe>$ 9 #adhf1 t is to say1 eight ye>s lat]4 ,mr4 ,poll>d ?9ks t ^! initials1 ( :i* !re are only eight1 five ( :i* we reproduce1 af=d$ ! fir/ h9t = ! fir/ calligraphic initials us$ = title-pages1 ( :i* sev]al h be5 giv5 "u ,lyons4 ,dupr 0 "o ( ! pr9t]s :o work$ = ,vr>d1 :o 0 *iefly a publi%]4 ,an alphabet ( small calligraphic initials 0 frequ5tly us$ 9 ! volumes pr9t$ = him by ! ,l]\ges ( ,p>is & ,troyes1 & is to be f\nd complete 9 ! ,j>d9 de ,sant4 ,p5-lett]s1 z !y are call$1 ( ?is type1 are ( frequ5t occurr5ce 9 manuscripts4 ,( ! l>ge calligraphic initials a suffici5t numb] ( specim5s h be5 giv5 "u ! head+ ( ,lyons1 &1 z a rule1 !y are m qua9t ?an ^? us$ by ,p>is pr9t]s4 ,! huge initials already spok5 ( 9 ! ,m] des ,hy/oires are too l>ge = our =mat4 ,9 ! same "w is a s]p5t9e ,s equally out ( proportion to ?is volume1 an ,i ) a picture ( ,*ri/1 & a ,p ( simil> size 9 ! /yle ( ^? t (t5 occur 9 works ( ,vr>d1 repres5t+ a scribe at "w1 & recall+ ! cuts s (t5 se5 on ! v]so ( title-pages4 ,= ^! initials1 :i* are too l>ge = reproduction 9 ?is volume1 ! read] is ref]r$ to ,claud9's ,hi/ory ( ,fr5* ,pr9t+ & ,monceau's monograph on ! ,l]\ges4 ,( ^? m mod]ate 9 size1 ! ,janu>y & ,may initial on ! title-pages ( ! ,doctr9al de ,sapi5ce1 ! ,qu9ze ,joyes du m>iage1 & _m o!r works by ,vr>d1 ,trepp]el1 & ,l5oir1 is ! be/ kn[n 7see "u ,g5eva74 ,! ,livre du ,faulcon has an initial ) two grotesque pr(iles1 also v frequ5tly met ) on o!r title-pages4 ,?is1 toge!r ) ! ,l ) ?ree monkeys1 is reproduc$ by ,mr4 ,poll>d 9 8 ,e>ly ,illu/rat$ ,books1 to :i* ! read] is ref]r$4 ,%ortly be=e ! end ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 9 #adig1 ,boc>d publi%$ an edition ( ,rob]t ,gagu9's ,de orig9e et ge/is ,francorum1 ) a few l>ge grotesque initials1 & a v pretty "o ( ! ,virg9 ( ! same size1 z well z an alphabet ( small] lett]s4 ,! fir/ leaf ( ?is book beg9s ) an initial :i* is badly col\r$ 9 ! only orig9al at our disposal1 b :i* is int]e/+ z =m+ at ! same "t an ex-libris4 ,! lett] 9 "q is an ,f1 & 9 ea* ( ! segm5ts 7sep>at$ by ! c5tral b>7 is a scroll1 9 :i* an e>ly own] ( ! volume _h writt5 8 "n4 ,9 ! ,nef de ,sant et ,condemnacion des ,banquetz ( ,trepp]el are "s o!r grotesques1 f\nd also 9 o!rs ( 8 publications4 ,ab\t ! same "t ! use ( ornam5tal initials 0 comm5c$ by ,rembolt & ,g]+4 ,g]+1 :o 0 "o ( ! e>lie/ ,g]man pr9t]s to settle 9 ,p>is1 publi%$ ) 8 p>tn]1 9 #adii1 a book entitl$ ,divi ,augu/9i 9 sacras ,pauli epi/olas ,int]pretatio1 ) ! l>ge ,p1 repres5t+1 no d\bt1 ,/4 ,augu/9e prea*+ to 8 foll[]s1 :i* occurs at ! beg9n+ ( almo/ e *apt]1 & a numb] ( small] ones4 ,x is 9 ! small] initials ( ,g]+ & ,rembolt t we h "s ( ! be/ examples1 z f> z hi/oriat$ lett]s are conc]n$1 ( ^? comp\nd animals s (t5 met ) 9 ! ornam5tation ( ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,if we look at ! records ( antiquity1 su* z ,egyptian hi]oglyphs1 ,roman m$als & pott]y1 & o!r arti/ic rema9s1 x w be se5 t f a v e>ly "t x 0 consid]$ humor\s to repres5t animals c>ry+ on ! occupations ( m51 or do+ ! duties ( o!r animals4 ,by a natural ext5sion ( ?is idea1 m5 7 depict$ 9 ! roles ( animals :o _h usurp$ _! supremacy1 & :o are repres5t$ z treat+ _! tyrant 9 ! way t !y !mselves 7 accu/om$ to be treat$4 ,wright & ,*ampfleury 9 _! ,hi/ories ( ,c>icature h giv5 num]\s examples4 ,9 an ,egyptian papyrus1 a cat is se5 walk+ erect & driv+ a flock ( geese1 a fox is c>ry+ a basket & play+ ! flute1 & ! lion & ! unicorn are play+ at *ess4 ,9 a ?irte5?-c5tury tile1 a rabbit go+ a-hunt+ is rid+ 8 h]$it>y foe ! dog1 & 9 a manuscript ( ! f\rte5?1 a dog ) 8 paws ti$ is be+ convey$ 9 a c>t drawn by two rabbits & l$ by a ?ird1 t[>ds a hill on :i* a gall[s has be5 prep>$ = him4 ,9 a c>v+ ( ! same p]iod1 ano!r example ( #8! _w turn$ upside d[n1' f\r geese are %[n hang+ _! old enemy ! fox4 ,roman /atuettes /ill exi/1 9 :i* ! p]sonages repres5t$ are satiris$ by _! heads be+ replac$ by ^? ( animals1 su* z rats or wolves4 ,^! fancies1 :i* are said to h come f ,greece1 l$ to ! creation ( su* be+s z ! ,sph9x1 ! mo/ celebrat$ ( ! comp\nd animals ( antiquity1 & lat] on to ! ,*im]ae & ,grylli1 :i* 7 ! pr$ecessors ( ! innum]able fanta/ic hybrids t ! imag9ations ( ! arti/s ( ! ,middle ,ages call$ into exi/5ce4 ,^! creatures h already be5 repres5t$ 9 our ,lyons initials4 ,9 "o ( ,saccon's lett]s !re is a k9d ( armadillo ) a human head1 & among/ ! reproductions f ! ,regim5 ,sanitatis !re are two copi$ f ,g]+ & ,rembolt orig9als1 :i* are also giv54 ,9 ^! latt] ! ,r1 ) a mon/] ) a neck end+ 9 a human head1 is p>ticul>ly noticeable1 z x occurs frequ5tly 9 ! bord]s ( ! same pr9t]s1 & ! ,books ( ,h\rs ( o!r presses4 ,x is to be rem>k$ t ! belief 9 ! exi/5ce ( ^! unnatural mon/]s 0 q g5]al4 ,wright quotes ,giraldus ,cambr5sis z describ+ animals 9 ,irel&1 "s half bulls1 half m51 o!rs half /ags1 half c[s1 o!rs half monkeys1 half dogs4 ,! dog-fac$ monkeys _h always be5 wor%ipp$ 9 ,egypt1 & = ?is reason possibly _h become an object ( suspicion to ! m$ival cl]gy1 :o made !m figure z devils bo? 9 *ur* ar*itecture & manuscript decoration4 ,x is 9 ?is rle t !y are con/antly repres5t$ 9 woodcut initials4 ,! foll[+ ye> ! fir/ edition ( ! ,cornucopia ( ,p]ottus appe>$1 ! fir/ "p ( :i* has "o ( ! l>g] initials on e tw5tie? or ?irtie? page4 ,t[>ds ! end ( ! volume !y become mu* m frequ5t2 n only are !y to be met ) on e page1 b on "s !re are half a doz5 or m4 ,ano!r edition ( ?is "w1 :i* 0 (t5 pr9t$1 0 publi%$ by ,rembolt 9 #aejg1 mo/ly ) ! same initials1 b ! ,p ) ! ,nativity 0 n us$ 9 ! second edition4 ,! two armorial initials are f a ,fr5* translation ( ! ,hi/ory ( ,d5m>k by ,saxo ,grammaticus1 publi%$ by ,josse ,bade 9 #aead4 ,besides ^! !re are ?ree o!rs 9 ! same /yle1 a ,d1 an ,i1 & a ,p4 ,! ,d is l ! ,n 9 g5]al arrangem5t1 b )\t ! support]s1 & ! leg5d #8,arma regis ,dacie' is 9 scrolls ) ! lett]s ,c4 ,p4 & ,c4 ,l4 ,9 ! ,i ! c5tral %ield is suppress$1 & ! %ields are fram$ by b&]olles ) ! leg5d3 #8,arma regis ,dacie ,swecie ,norvegie1 sclavorum gottorumque anno dom9i ,,mdxiiii4' ,! ,p is simil> to ! two o!rs 9 be+ )\t support]s1 & ! leg5d is slightly modifi$3 #8,arma regis ,dacie ,swecie ,norvegie4' ,^! initials 7 p>ticul>ly admir$ by ,dibd91 :o calls att5tion to _! beauty4 ,among/ ! publications ( ,trepp]el are sev]al editions ( ! ,j>d9 de ,sant1 :i*1 9 ! ,lat9 ,hortus ,sanitatis1 is a ?ick folio deal+ fir/ ) birds1 bea/s1 & fi%es1 & f9i%+ ) an alphabetical acc\nt ( m$ic9al plants1 & f9ally /ones 7m9]als74 ,a treatise1 ,de ur9is1 completes ! :ole4 ,vr>d's edition already m5tion$ 0 ( ! same proportions1 b ,trepp]el publi%$ 8 z an octavo on plants only4 ,! initials are n always well pr9t$1 r ! rev]se4 ,! be/ are giv5 9 our illu/rations4 ,a few ( ^! lett]s are to be f\nd 9 a small folio ) woodcuts1 entitl$ ,les uvres de ,ju/91 vray hy/oriographe sur les faictz et ge/es de ,troge ,pompee1 etc4 etc41 9 mu* bett] pro(4 ,9 ?is same book is ! ,l ) a h>py1 :i*1 toge!r ) ! ,m1 ! only o!r lett] ( ! k9d we h se51 is to be frequ5tly met ) 9 ! ,*roniques de ,france & 9 a great _m o!r books by ,philippe ,l5oir1 f9ally 9 a ,p>is ,missale ,c>?usi5se4 ,! two lett]s ) *ildr51 inspir$ by ,v5etian initials1 ) ! l9e> ,r ( ! same size & ! big #8philosophus' ,q1 are tak5 f a "w on ! ,logic ( ,ari/otle by ,jacobus ,/apul5sis1 publi%$ by ,h4 ,e/i5ne 9 #aeaj4 ,9 o!r works ! same initial occurs1 b ! ^w #8philosophus' is replac$ by #8,ari/oteles1' or by "s o!r philosoph]'s "n4 ,we h met ) sev]al v>ieties4 ,! small] lett]s are to be f\nd also 9 books pr9t$ by ,j4 ,petit1 ,h4 ,e/i5ne1 & ,josse ,bade4 ,x may be "h obs]v$ t ! ,p>is pr9t]s _h q a specialty = missals1 & 9 "s ( !m initial lett]s ( ! mo/ v>i$ orig9 are mix$ toge!r4 ,9 "o ( !m1 ! ,missale ad consuetud9em insignis ecclesie ,p>isi5sis1 by ,wolfgang ,hopyl1 9 #aejd1 ! initials belong to diff]5t alphabets4 ,! be/ are ! ,a 7,annunciation71 ! ,p 7,nativity71 ano!r ,p 7! ,circumcision71 an ,e 7visit ( ! wise m571 ,s 7,p5teco/71 ,c 7a prie/ say+ mass71 & :5 ! pro(s are p]fect x w\ld be difficult to imag9e any?+ m effective4 ,b ! h&some/ set is 9 ! ,missale ,leodi5se1 also pr9t$ by ,wolfgang ,hopyl1 9 #aeac4 ,^! initials are us$ 9 o!r missals1 b are "h 9 _! be/ condition4 ,"s ( !m are to be f\nd 9 ! #aebf edition ( ! ,lige missal by ,m>nef & ,hopyl1 & aga9 9 ! ,missel de ,*>tres ( ,k]v]1 #aebi4 ,9 mo/ works ( ?is k9d ! subjects ( ! hi/oires are ( a ,biblical nature1 p>ticul>ly incid5ts 9 ! lives ( ! sa9ts1 al?\gh reliev$ sometimes by a t\* ( ! grotesque4 ,9 o!r missals ! grotesque reigns supreme1 %[+ h[ intimately x 0 associat$ ) ! idea ( ,*ur* ,art1 z is well se5 9 ! beautiful ,books ( ,h\rs by ,philippe ,pig\*et & o!rs1 9 :i* ! bord]s are a mixture ( ! grotesque & ! macabre4 ,"o ( ! books mo/ frequ5tly repr9t$ at ?is p]iod 0 ! ,propritaire1 ! translation ( ! "w ( ,b>tolomu de ,glanville1 ,de proprietatibus r]um1 :i* 0 ! book on :i* ,caxton work$ at ,cologne4 ,x is a k9d ( g5]al encyclopdia1 beg9n+ ) a disquisition on ! ,tr9ity1 & end+ ) a *apt] on ,a/rology4 ,x is f ?is "w t we h reproduc$ ! twelve lett]s1 among/ o!rs ! ,q ) a bagpip]1 & an ,l repres5t+ a p]son 9 a fool's cap giv+ a baby pap4 ,^! occur 9 a great _m o!r works ( ,philippe ,l5oir4 ,9 ! treatise #8,on ,m5 & ,wom51' ! diff]5t sections are prec$$ by initials :i* correspond to ! signs ( ! ,zodiac1 z 9 ! ,lyons copy1 ( :i* we h giv5 specim5s4 ,b 9 ! ,p>is edition1 curi\sly en\gh1 ! fir/ two sections1 ,aries & ,taurus1 h no initials1 al?\gh ornam5tal lett]s ) a ram & bull respectively1 & entirely inappropriate any:]e else1 are to be f\nd 9 o!r books publi%$ by ?is pr9t]1 su* z ! ,*roniques de ,france & ! ,sa9t ,graal4 ,! two l>ge initials1 "o ( !m ) a portrait1 =m$ "p ( ! alphabet ( ,vascosan1 us$ 91 among/ o!r books1 ! "w ( ,oronce ,f9e1 or ,f9e1 z he is v>i\sly call$4 ,! vignette ( ! ,o is said to be 8 portrait4 ,x is au!nticat$ by ! initials ,o4 ,f4 ,josse ,bade has "s l>ge initials 9 ! ,v5etian /yle1 ) int]twi/+ b&s & no hi/oriation1 g5]ally describ$ 9 book catalogues z #8magnific5t ornam5tal lett]s4' ,we admit to a pr$ilection = initials ) p]sonages1 & pref] to give "h "s ( ! small] set1 sometimes pr9t$ 9 r$ 9 ! orig9al1 :i* p>ticul>ly excit$ ,dibd9's admiration1 & :i* are graceful1 ev5 :5 n hi/oriat$4 ,!y are to be f\nd 9 a great _m ( ?is pr9t]'s productions1 z well z 9 ^? ( ,simon de ,col9es & o!rs4 ,! missal lett]s ( two sizes1 beg9n+ ) an ,a repres5t+ ! ,tr9ity1 are consid]$ by exp]ts to h be5 design$ by ,ge(froy ,tory or memb]s ( 8 s*ool4 ,!y =m "p ( a fragm5t consi/+ ( eight or n9e pictorial pages1 su* z are to be met ) 9 ! missals4 ,sev]al h ! ,crucifixion surr\nd$ by an ornam5tal bord]1 9 "o ( :i* is ! m>k ( ,tory's ateli]--! cross ( ,lorra9e4 ,on ^! leaves1 :i* h n be5 id5tifi$--!y 7 p]haps only pro(-%eets--! lett]s did n s]ve z initials1 b 7 plac$ end to end1 to =m a comp>tm5t bord]4 ,9 two in/ances :]e initials 7 us$ at ! beg9n+ ( ! text1 !y came f an alphabet ( "o ( ! missals giv5 above4 ,! small] ( ! two rema9+ sets1 ) ! little ,d dat$ #aebf1 0 us$ 9 ! publications ( ,simon de ,col9es & o!rs4 ,a simil> initial us$ by ,*evallon at ! beg9n+ ( a treatise ( diseases ( wom5 by ,hippocrates is dat$ #aebd1 b aft] #aede ! date is replac$ by ! lett]s ,c4 ,g41 ! initials ( ,*evallon's wid[1 ,*>lotte ,gui>d4 ,9 a l>ge folio edition publi%$ by ,*evallon 9 #aebh ( ! ,dige/a seu ,p&ectae ,juris ,civilis1 mo/ ( ! initials are too badly pr9t$ = reproduction4 ,"o ( !m1 h[ev]1 is ( good impression1 & besides t is supremely int]e/+1 z x =ms a little picture repres5t+ a sc5e f "o ( ! xylographic ,ars ,mori5di4 ,x is ! only lett] ( ! k9d we "k1 & ?is is ! only "t we h met ) x4 ,9 ! orig9al ! initial is ( ! small] dim5sion1 b x is s int]e/+ t we h _h x enl>g$4 ,9 ! block books1 scrolls are g5]ally se5 em]g+ f ! m\?s ( ! devils1 ) ! sugge/ions pr9t$ on !m by :i* !y attempt to turn aside ! dy+ s\l f ?\ghts ( piety4 ,?is m9iature composition is too small = su* ins]tions1 b ! attitude ( ! ar* fi5d %[s t he is ready to seize any opportunity t may pres5t itself4 ,!re are a great _m m alphabets ( ,p>is pr9t]s t we %\ld h lik$ to reproduce1 _h x be5 possible to multiply our examples indef9itely--among/ !m t ( ,k]v]1 ( :i* we give ! ,c ) a knight 9 arm\r4 ,! ?ree o!rs1 ,b1 ,c1 & ,l1 are co>se copies ( ,k]v] lett]s us$ 9 ,engl&1 ^! be+ tak5 f a m$ical "w by ,bulle94 ,( ! next ?ree1 ! ,l ) a sa9t is a copy ( ! same lett] ( ,rembolt1 ! two o!rs f ,philip le ,noir bo? recurr+ frequ5tly 9 8 impressions4 ,! ,p ) a ma/] & pupils is f ! press ( ,n4 de la ,b>re4 ,! ?ree little p5 lett]s are f ! same s\rce4 ,we _c br+ ?is %ort selection ( ,p>isian lett]s to a close )\t m5tion+ ! ,royal lett]s design$ by ,ge(froy ,tory & us$ by ,rob]t ,e/i5ne 9 a ,bible & 9 o!r books aft] #aecf4 ,indep5d5tly ( ! accessory ornam5tation1 ! lett]s !mselves h s9ce s]v$ z models ( proportion4 ,,*apt] ,,xii ,,fr5* ,,prov9cial ,,t[ns ,( prov9cial ,fr5* t[ns aft] ,lyons ! mo/ important z reg>ds ! hi/ory ( pr9t+ are ,troyes & ,r\54 ,9 ! =m] ! *ief pr9t]s us+ initial lett]s 7 ! ,l]\ges & ,j4 ,lecoq4 ,! five l>ge lett]s1 ,c1 ,c1 ,d1 ,l1 ,s1 ) ,*9ese-look+ dragons & birds1 toge!r ) ! ,b ( an entirely diff]5t "* repres5t+ ,david & 8 h>p1 no d\bt ! initial lett] ( "s ,psalt]1 7 us$ 9 ! impressions ( ! ,l]\ges1 & 7 tak5 f "o ( _! f9e/ books1 ,la ?oison d'or4 ,^! pr9t]s work$ = ,p>is publi%]s1 p>ticul>ly = ,vr>d1 & ! calligraphic alphabet ( ! latt]1 giv5 above1 =m$ "p ( _! mat]ial4 ,( ,lecoq we give two sets4 ,! specim5s1 ) grotesque pr(iles1 are f a monum5tal ,graduale ,trec5se 9 :i* !re are altoge!r betwe5 tw5ty & ?irty diff]5t v>ieties1 f ! ,vie de ,monseigneur ,/4 ,b]n>d1 pr9t$ = ,mac ,pan?\l1 & f a ,/atuta synodalia ( ! #8,/ate & ,diocese ( ,troyes1' pr9t$ by ord] ( ! ,rev]5d ,bi%op ,od>d ,h5nequ94 ,! ,i1 ! ,q ) a fool & 8 acc\trem5ts1 ! ,s ) a pr(ile on ea* side & a bird's head & upp] beak above1 ! l>g] ,f & ! ,v also ) two pr(iles & a face ) porc9e sn\t on ! top1 are only to be f\nd 9 ! ,/atuta ,synodalia4 ,x may be "h obs]v$ t x has be5 our con/ant practice to reproduce our specim5s exactly z !y appe> 9 ! orig9al1 9 ord] to give !m ! docum5t>y int]e/ t !y lose :5 ret\*$4 ,9 ?is case ^! initials 7 too badly daub$ ov] ) pa9t = gillotype reproduction1 & ! fir/ n9e 7 obta9$ by photograph+ on wood & !n engrav+4 ,!y are good facsimiles ( ! orig9als1 b )\t :at may be call$ _! pat9e4 ,x 0 subsequ5tly asc]ta9$ t ! col\r 9 mo/ in/ances 0 easily removable1 & ! o!r five lett]s 7 copi$ 9 ! usual way4 ,! read] c comp>e ! results ( ! two processes4 ,! small] alphabet1 engrav$ also on wood1 is complete 9 ! ,vie de ,monseigneur ,/4 ,b]n>d1 b occasional lett]s are to be met ) 9 _m ( ,lecoq's lat] impressions4 ,among/ ^! may be m5tion$ an excessively r>e little ,lat9 prim] on ! plan ( ! ,donatus1 ) ,lecoq's m>que p>lante on ! title-page1 & ) ! ,e ( ?is alphabet at ! beg9n+ ( ! title1 :i* runs z foll[s3 ,epi?oma sive brevi>ium octo p>tium orationis gramaticalis adiectis grmatice pr9cipiis ad completam grammaticam introductori4 ,r\5 0 an important c5tre ( pr9t+ at ! beg9n+ ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 a great _m publi%]s 9 o!r t[ns & c\ntries hav+ ! works :i* !y edit$ pr9t$ 9 ?is city4 ,?is 0 (t5 ! case ) books app>5tly ( ,ca54 ,we %all h to speak ( a ,hi/oire de ,comm9es1 suppos$ to h be5 pr9t$ at ,p>is1 b really pr9t$ at ,r\54 ,! e>lie/ "w f :i* we h made reproductions is an exposition ( ! ,psalms by ,petrus de ,h>5tals1 ) a v long title beg9n+ ,psalt]ii expositio ,petri de ,h>5tals viri religione cl>issimi1 etc42 at ! end #8,impressum 9 (fic9a ,laur5tii ,ho/+ue et ,jameti ,loys1' #aejd4 ,x is /at$1 moreov]1 to be sold at ,p>is by ,j4 ,petit & ,rob]t ,mac1 ! l>ge m>k ( ! latt] occupy+ ! v]so ( ! la/ leaf4 ,f ?is book ! s]ies ( lett]s ) heads1 curi\s little animals1 & comp\nd mon/rosities are tak54 ,! l>ge ,p ) a man hold+ up 8 h& is on ! title-page4 ,9 ano!r volume1 ! ,s+ul>issimum et eximium opus univ]sis mortalibus sacratissimi ord9is ,s]aphici patris no/ri francisci1 etc41 pr9t$ by ,m>t9 ,mor9 9 #aeji1 are ! ,i ) two dragons1 ! ,h correspond+ to x1 & ! second ,h ) a woman 9 a ,norman bonnet su* z ! peasants we> to ?is day4 ,! only rema9+ initial we h met ) ( ?is /yle & size1 ! ,p ) a man ) a po9t$ cap & tassel1 is to be f\nd on ! fir/ page ( ! text ( a ,c\/umi] de ,norm&ie1 belong+ to ,mr4 ,qu>it*4 ,! l>ge calligraphic ,m ) ! arms ( ,norm&y adorns ! title-page ( ! missal ( ,arras1 ,missale ,atrebat5se1 & also t ( ! ,missale ,noviom5se ( #aejf1 bo? ( :i* 7 pr9t$ by ,m>t9 ,mor91 & ! twelve initials 9 r$ comprise mo/ ( ! ornam5tal lett]s di/ribut$ ?r\gh ! two volumes4 ,!re are also "s grotesque lettr9es simil> to ^? f\nd 9 _m ,r\5 impressions1 & su* z h be5 giv5 f ! ,psalt]ium ( ,h>5tals4 ,ano!r l>ge calligraphic initial1 & n9e small] ones1 are f a ,r\5 edition ( ! ,propritaire1 pr9t$ = ,francis ,regnault by ,jacques le ,=e/i]1 :i*1 unlike ! ,lyons & ,p>is editions ( ! same date1 #aebj-cj1 is )\t ! s]ies ( twelve ,zodiac lett]s t prec$es ! p>agraphs ( ! little treatise #8,on ,m5 & ,wom5' at ! end ( ! volume4 ,! ?ree small] initials ( ! same size1 ,a1 ,b 7,david & 8 h>p71 & ,r1 ! two some:at l>g]--a ,d ) a comp\nd animal ) a long snaky neck1 & a ,p ) a grotesque1 toge!r ) ! ,p ) a s*oolma/] arm$ ) 8 bir* & ab\t to op]ate1 are f ano!r edition ( ! ,c\/umi] de ,norm&ie ( #aebc4 ,! ,a1 surm\nt$ by a cr[n ) a sa9t bel[1 ) ! ,d1 a swan1 & ! ,s ) two animals1 are met ) also 9 o!r books1 b 7 reproduc$ f ! ,op]a ,guilelmi ,mona*i ,valladii1 )\t "n ( pr9t] or date1 b pr9t$ at ,r\5 by ,ho/+ue 9 #aeje4 ,! ,m is ! same z 9 ! missals ( ,m4 ,mor91 & !re is ! same ,p z 9 ,h>5tals' ,psalt]1 b 9 v bad pro(s4 ,our la/ specim5s are f ! alphabet ( ,jacques ,=e/i]1 or r ( ,jacques le ,g5til4 ,mo/ ( ! lett]s are to be f\nd 9 a #aebe edition ( ,comm9es :i* _h always1 on ! au?ority ( ,brunet1 pass$ = hav+ be5 pr9t$ at ,p>is4 ,claud91 h[ev]1 notic$ t ! v]so ( ! la/ page _h ! arms ( ,r\5 & ! m>k ( ,jacques ,=e/i]1 & ! recto says #8,imprim p> ,j4 ,g4' ,?is ,j4 ,g4 0 ,jacques le ,g5til1 son-9-law to ,j4 ,=e/i]1 to ^: bus9ess he succe$$1 us+ = a "t 8 fa!r-9-law's m>k4 ,9 ! ,comm9es !re are sixte5 diff]5t initials1 b nei!r ( ! two ) pr(iles1 ,d & ,g4 ,^!1 ) "s ( ! o!rs1 are to be f\nd 9 ! ,gr& ,c\/umi] du ,pays et ,du* de ,norm&ie ( #aebc1 already m5tion$1 & 9 a book entitl$ ,divi ,gregorii ,magni et ecclesie doctoris precipua op]a1 pr9t$ at ,r\5 9 #aeba at ! exp5se ( t mo/ hone/ man & mo/ fam\s booksell]1 ,francis ,regnault ( ,p>is4 ,f a typographical po9t ( view ,avignon is int]e/+ on acc\nt ( ! claim t has be5 made = x z ! bir?place ( pr9t+ by ! ,abb ,requ94 ,?is is bas$ ^u not>ial records ( #addd1 b ! inv5tion1 9 ! op9ion ( ! late ,m4 ,claud91 0 9 reality a primitive =m ( typewrit+4 ,! *ief pr9t] !re at ! beg9n+ ( ! sixte5? c5tury 0 ,jean de ,*auny1 & our specim5s ( initials are f two volumes pr9t$ by him = ,jehan ,franois de ,sa9t ,nazaire1 o!rwise call$ ,de ,ripa4 ,! fir/ is a small qu>to ) a curi\s ornam5tal title-page1 ,de ,pe/e libri tres1 d$icat$ by ! #8celeb]rimus atque acutissimus' au?or to ! citiz5s ( ,avignon2 ! o!r1 ,int]pretationum et responsorum acutissimi atque cl>issimi jurisconsulti dmi ,joan francisci de ,sancto ,naz>io cognom5to de ,ripa libri tres1 is a v l>ge qu>to pr9t$ 9 #aebg4 ,l mo/ books ( ! k9d1 bo? volumes comm5ce by complim5t>y v]ses1 ! c>m5 #8,jacobi ,meigroni ,nov5sis1 ad /udiosos legum juv5es1' be+ a good specim5 ( ! punn+ panegyric ( ! p]iod4 ,9 a simil> composition m5tion$ "u ! head+ #8,si5na1' ,da?us is pref]r$ to ,cic]o4 ,accord+ to ,meigronus1 ,de ,ripa is m reliable ?an ! ,delphic oracle4 ,( ! l>g] ,avignon initials two only occur 9 ! l>g] volume1 ! ,f reproduc$ 9 ! text at ! beg9n+ ( ! privilege1 & an ,s at ! beg9n+ ( ! ?ird book1 :i* is some:at imp]fectly pr9t$4 ,! small] lett]s are mu* m num]\s1 especially 9 ! ,libri ,int]pretationum et responsorum4 ,a v important "w#cc has be5 devot$ to ! e>ly pr9t+ ( ,poiti]s1 "o volume ( :i* consi/s *iefly ( facsimiles4 ,z a rule ! initials are devoid ( int]e/1 b !re is a l>ge grotesque ,l f a ,co/umi] de ,poit\ pr9t$ by ,j4 de ,m>nef1 a ,p f a missal1 & a few ) human faces1 su* z ! "o t we reproduce4 #cc ,monum5ts de l',imprim]ie ,poiti]s1 p> ,a4 ,claud94 ,lat] 9 ! c5tury a legal "w 0 publi%$ ) a ne>ly complete alphabet repres5t+ ! diff]5t occurr5ces t might happ5 to an accus$ p]son1 su* z ! /ocks & ! rack4 ,!y are1 h[ev]1 z a rule1 too poorly pr9t$1 & ! copies we h se5 are n wor? reproduc+4 ,9 books pr9t$ at o!r ,fr5* t[ns we h discov]$ b few initials4 ,!re is a l>ge b un9t]e/+ "o at ! beg9n+ ( a ,*ambry edition ( ! ,roy ,modus4 ,on ! only leaf t has come d[n to ! pres5t "t ( a ,limoges missal1 & :i* =ms ! subject ( a memoir by ,m4 ,claud91 is an ,r1 ) ! ,resurrection4 ,9 an e>ly ,albi edition ( sop1 ) cuts1 9 :at is call$ ! manire raille1 :i* look z if execut$ by scrat*+ ! block ) a ru/y nail1 !re are "s initials ( :i* ! ,n w give an idea ( ! raille mann]4 ,9 a lat] tract1 ,la vie et lg5de de ,mme4 ,/e4 ,petro9e1 !re is an ,a1 :i* may possibly h be5 us$ fir/ = a missal4 ,9 ! *apt] ab\t ,basle1 m5tion has be5 made ( an alphabet :i* is ne>ly complete1 us$ by ,furt] 9 8 ,lib] ,decretorum sive ,panormia1 & :i* also occurs 9 a mu* r>] book )\t date or pr9t]'s "n1 ! ,decreta ,consilii ,basili5sis4 ,?is alphabet1 x n[ seems1 0 us$ 9 #adhh1 at ,besanon1 9 ! ,speculum ,humanae ,vitae ( ,rodoricus ,zamor5sis4 ,so!by1 9 8 ,typography ( ! ,fifte5? ,c5tury1 has giv5 a reproduction ( "o ( ! pages on :i* !re is ! v *>act]i/ic s]p5t9e ,s1 :i* is "h giv5 ) ! ,t & ! ,v4 ,pr9t]s 9 ! o!r t[ns w\ld seem to h be5 suppli$ ) ! worn-out initials ( ! ,r\5 & ,lyons presses4 ,9 ! few books ) ornam5ts pr9t$ at ,ca51 ,r\5 lett]s are f\nd2 :il/ 9 ^? publi%$ 9 ! s\? ( ,france1 !re are *iefly ! floral initials f ! presses ( ,saccon1 ,de ,v+le1 & o!r ,lyons pr9t]s4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii ,,spani% ,,t[ns #8,spani% books1' says ,mr4 ,poll>d1 #8are di/+ui%$ by ! excell5ce ( _! initial lett]s1 :i* are always z pl5tiful z !y are good1 ! great majority ( books aft] #adhe be+ fully provid$ ) !m4' ,our own exp]i5ce confirms ?is /atem5t1 b we h f\nd t !y are z a rule ornam5tal r ?an hi/oriat$1 & t !re is1 moreov]1 a c]ta9 sam5ess ab\t !m4 ,= ?is reason we %all only give six specim5s ( ! fir/ v>iety1 b ^! w s]ve to give an idea ( ! initials ( ?is k9d usually met ) 9 ,spani% books4 ,! ,c & ! ,m are tak5 f a volume pr9t$ by ,g4 ,ca/illa at ,val5cia1 ! ,e f a ,com5to di ,eusebio1 pr9t$ 9 #aebb by ord] ( ! ,rev]5d ,ar*bi%op ( ,tol$o1 at ! noble t[n ( ,salamanca1 by ,hans ,gyff] ,aleman di ,silg5/at4 ,! orig9 ( ! ?ree o!rs1 ,l1 ,p1 ,u1 is unc]ta91 b is ref]r$ to fur!r on4 ,! sev5 small] initials1 or #8lettr9es1' z !y are call$1 are tak5 f ! ,eusebius4 ,our hi/oriat$ specim5s are mu* m num]\s4 ,! fir/ set ( n9e lett]s is tak5 f a "w ( ! v greate/ r>ity1 to :i* ,mr4 ,poll>d has call$ att5tion1 ! ,compilacion de ,leyes1 pr9t$ at ,zamora 9 #adhe4 ,?is consi/s ( eight diff]5t sections & a preface1 ea* ( :i* is prec$$ by "o ( ! initials4 ,9 ! ,i1 :i* is ! fir/ 9 ! book & prec$es ! preface1 !re is among/ o!rs a p]sonage ) a black rod1 probably symbolis+ ! dignity ( ! ,c\rt4 ,on ! fir/ page ( ! text is a ,p ) ! ,k+ & ,que51 ,f]d9& & ,isabella4 #8,! fir/ section ( ! laws1' says ,mr4 ,poll>d1 #8treat+ ( ! ,santa ,f1 has an initial ,e %[+ ,god ! ,fa!r uphold+ ! ,crucifi$ ,*ri/2 ! second section sets =? ! duty ( ! ,k+ to he> causes two days a week1 & beg9s ) an ,l 9 :i* he is unpleasantly closely press$ by ! litigants4 ,two knights spurr+ f ! diff]5t sides ( an ,s head ! laws ( *ivalry2 a canoni/ & 8 s*ol>s 9 ,a preside ov] matrimony2 money-*ang]s 9 a ,d ov] comm]ce2 :ile a luckless wret* be+ hang$ 9 ! c5tre ( a ,t w>ns evil-do]s :at !y may expect "u ! crim9al law4' ,we may add t 9 ! o!r ,e !re is a repres5tation ( :at is probably a prison4 ,un=tunately1 ! pro(s ( ^! initials 9 ! ,briti% ,museum copy1 f :i* we h reproduc$ !m1 are mo/ defective4 ,z ,mr4 ,poll>d says1 #8,!y mu/ h be5 design$ & execut$ by clev] arti/s ^: "w is s f9e t ! pr9t] 9 mo/ in/ances has fail$ to d ju/ice to x4' ,9 "s ( ^! lett]s !re is 9 p>ts only ! fa9te/ impression ( ! design1 & x has be5 necess>y 9 ?is case to h !m ret\*$4 ,( our o!r hi/oriat$ specim5s1 "s h be5 reproduc$ f a collection ( initials1 "s photograph$ by ourselves1 & "s are f books no long] at our disposal1 & n hav+ be5 able to ref] always to ! volumes f :i* !y 7 tak51 we give "s ( _! orig9s s\s t\tes rs]ves4 ,su* is ! case ) ! ,e & ,p ) ,biblical sc5es1 :i*1 not)/&+ ! nature ( ! subjects1 come f a m$ical book1 ) ano!r pair ( initials ) ,biblical sc5es ,a & ,e1 ! ,p ) a portrait1 & ! ?ree ornam5tal lett]s ( ! same k9d1 ,l1 ,p1 ,u1 giv5 above4 ,we c only say t ! two fir/ & ?ree la/ come f "o or o!r ( ! foll[+ books3-- ,! ,epilogo en ,m$ic9a y en cirurgia conv5i5te a la ,salud1 ,pampelune1 #adie2 ! ,libro di ,m$ic9a llamado1 etc41 ,cromb]g]1 ,seville1 #aeag2 & ! ,m$ic9a y cirurgia ( ,burgos1 #adie4 ,! l>ge ,e ) ! initials ,s4 ,m4 7,/4 ,m>k7 is f a book pr9t$ by ,juan de ,v>ila at ,seville2 ! ,g by ,j4 ,alv]a ( ,coimbra4 ,( ! five o!rs1 ! ,s & ! ,t ea* repres5t+ ! ,almighty1 ! ,l ) a *ild on a bran*$ gr\ndwork1 & ! ,a & ,u ( ! same size ) sa9ts1 we c only affirm ! ,spani% orig91 )\t be+ able to give full] p>ticul>s4 ,! l>ge ,p ) a scribe at 8 desk is 9 ! ,eusebius ( ,salamanca already m5tion$1 ! only hi/oriat$ initial 9 ! f\r l>ge volumes4 ,! ,a ) a k+ kneel+1 ! ,n ) a doctor exhort+ a /ud5t1 & ! ,t1 are f two books pr9t$ 9 ! same type1 b only "o ( !m has ! "n ( a pr9t]4 ,?is1 ! ,libellus de b5eficiis 9 curia vacantibus1 f :i* ! ,n is tak51 0 pr9t$ at ! mo/ noble & loyal city ( ,seville by ,jacob ,cromb]g]1 9 #aeab4 ,! two o!rs are f a "w ) a long title beg9n+ ,cl>issimi ces>ei juris doctor ac 9 /udio ,salmant9o prim>ii reg5tis ,didaca de ,segura solemnis et elegantissima repetitio4 ,x is curi\s z conta9+ a w>n+ on ! title-page to di%one/ booksell]s & pr9t]s aga9/ infr++ ! au?or's rights3 ,cautum e/ a ,s]5issimis pr9cipibus no/ris ut nemo avidus ,bibliopola nec quicunque alius audeat imprim]e sub po5a 9 privilegio cont5ta4 ,! f\r lett]s f an alphabet ( ,dea? occur 9 sev]al books pr9t$ 9 ! t[n ( ,/ella4 ,accord+ to diff]5t au?orities1 ,/ella corresponds to :at is n[ kn[n z ,e/ella4 ,des*amps says #8,voyez ,flavonia1' & "u ?is head+ #8,flavonia 7,m]ula ,cosmograph74 ,compo/ella 7,m>iana7 ,santiago di ,compo/ella4 ,/4 ,jacques di ,compo/ella1 t[n ( ,spa9 9 ! dep5d5ce ( ,la ,c>ogne 7,galacie74' ,?is in=mation is n v explicit1 b x is supplem5t$ by ! /atem5t t ,/ella 0 celebrat$ among/ o!r ?+s by a book publi%$ 9 #afic aga9/ ! abuse ( escatados1 t is ! fa%ion among/ ladies ( cutt+ _! dresses l[ betwe5 ! %\ld]s4 ,! alphabet ( :i* ! ,e1 ,f1 ,n1 & ,v =m "p1 is a copy n ( ,holbe9's alphabet ( ,dea?1 b ( ! little pictures t illu/rate 8 ,simula*res or faces hi/ories de la ,mort4 ,"s ( !m occur 9 a book entitl$ ,s]ies totius hi/oriae sacri ,evangelii autore ,petro ,trurozqui ,nav>ro 7,/ellae1 ,adrian ,anv]ez1 #aeeg71 :i* conta9s also mo/ ( ! lett]s ( an alphabet copi$ f ! ,biblical s]ies ( ,fro%ov] ( ,zuri*1 m5tion$ 9 its place4 ,ano!r book )\t pr9t]'s "n1 b dat$ #aeee1 9 :i* !y occur1 m]its f u a m p>ticul> description1 inasmu* z x consi/s almo/ entirely ( initial lett]s4 ,! title ( ?is typographical curiosity is ,libro ,sotilissimo y prove*oso p>a depr5d] a escrevir y cont> el qual lleva la misma ord5 que lleva un mae/ro con su discipulo en que e/an pue/as las c9co reglas mas pr9cipales de gu>ismo y otras cosas sotiles y pr\e*osas4 ,ea* page ( ! little volume is surr\nd$ by a woodcut bord]4 ,on ! v]so ( ! title1 ! notice to ! read] beg9s ) ! ,m ( ! ,dance ( ,dea? alphabet4 ,! two succe$+ pages h little pictures ( ! sa9ts4 ,on ! v]so ( ! f\r? page beg9s ! same ,biblical alphabet z 9 ! o!r volume1 ! fir/ lett]1 ,a1 repres5t+ ,eve & ! tempt] ) ! ,tree ( ,k1 ! alphabet1 ! lett]s ( :i* are us$ z illu/rative cuts & n z initials1 be+ cont9u$ "o lett] p] page ) ab\t five l9es ( text und]nea?2 ,b 7,abraham71 ,c 7,jacob71 ,d 7,david71 ,e 7,absalom71 & s on4 ,:5 ! ,biblical alphabet is f9i%$1 ! ,dance ( ,dea? lett]s take its place1 two on a page ) a cul de lampe und]nea? ! bord]1 b no text4 ,!y are tw5ty-?ree 9 numb]1 occupy+ twelve pages1 ! la/ be+ accompani$ by ! ,a 7,eve & ! ,tree ( ,life7 ( ! o!r s]ies4 ,!n come ! rema9+ lett]s ( ! fir/ alphabet1 ?is "t two by two1 "o "u ! o!r1 )\t any text1 b ) a woodcut bord]4 ,! la/ page b "o has two little cuts ( sa9ts on ea* side1 ! la/ "o hav+ f\r /ill small] on ! recto :i* entirely fill x1 b no?+ on ! v]so4 ,9 ! language ( typography ! t[n ( ,alcala de ,h5>es 0 /yl$ ,complutum1 & "o ( its *ief pr9t]s 0 ,arnaldus ,guilelmus ,broc>t1 :o1 be=e com+ "h1 _h be5 e/abli%$ at ,pampeluna1 :]e he pr9t$1 among/ o!rs1 liturgical works4 ,! two l>ge l9e> initials are tak5 f a book ( ?is k9d1 ! ,passion>ium cum ,lam5tationibus ,j]emie atque ,b5$ictione c]ei ,pas*alis1 publi%$ 9 #aeaf4 ,!y are ! only lett]s ( ! size 9 ! volume1 ! ,p recurr+ ?rice4 ,!re are "s small] initials 9 ! same /yle1 b n ( mu* int]e/1 besides a numb] ( ! p5-lett]s ) m or less grotesque pr(iles 9 ! /yle1 al?\gh co>s]1 ( ! alphabet ( ,vr>d4 ,,*apt] ,,xiv ,,e>ly ,,dut* ,,initials ,! e>ly typography ( ! ,l[ ,c\ntries has be5 made ! subject ( a mo/ int]e/+ monograph by ,j4 ,w4 ,holtrop1 *ief libr>ian at ! ,hague1 ,monum5ts ,typographiques des ,pays-,bas au ,qu9zime ,sicle1 & x is f ?is "w t we h reproduc$ mo/ ( ! initials 9 ?is section4 ,! fir/ specim5 giv5 by ,holtrop is ! ,g ( ! ,fasciculus ,temporum1 pr9t$ at ,utre*t by ,j4 ,veld5] 9 #adhj--;an imm5se initial m ?an eight c5timetres squ>e4 ,! page is surr\nd$ by a folio-floral bord] 9 ! same /yle4 ,x has also be5 reproduc$ by ,bodemann4 ,9 ! ,summa ,exp]im5torum sive ,!saurus ,paup]um ( ,?i]ry ,m>t5s1 :o pr9t$ at ,alo/ & aft]w>ds at ,antw]p1 is ! l>ge ,a ) a pr(ile4 ,pass+ ov] ! initials ( ,ludovicus de ,ravescot ( ,l\va91 ! next pr9t] m5tion$ by ,holtrop is ,g4 ,leeu ( ,g\da1 :o publi%$ 9 #adha a ,dyalogus ,creatur>um ) illu/rative cuts1 a v black ,s1 n unlike ! l>ge "o reproduc$1 & an ornam5tal bord]4 ,! ?irte5 small] initials ( ! same type are f an impression by ,godfrid de ,os ( ,g\da1 & furni%$ ,caxton1 :o copi$ f diff]5t cont95tal s\rces1 ) ! models ( "s ( 8 initials4 ,mr4 ,w4 ,blades1 9 8 ,biography & ,typography ( ,w4 ,caxton1 gives a plate ( woodcut initials f ,caxton's books1 two ( :i* are ( ,fr5* orig9--,dupr & ,vr>d--! ,a ( ! ,ord] ( ,*ivalry1 ,italian 9 /yle1 :il/ an ,o ) a grotesque face is ! ,q giv5 9 our s]ies ) ! tail cut (f4 ,!re is also an ,h ) a pr(ile on ! left1 evid5tly inspir$ by ! ,p giv5 "h4 ,( our rema9+ reproductions1 ! l>ge ,s is to be f\nd 9 books publi%$ by ,jacob van d] ,me] ( ,delft4 ,! ,p ( ne>ly ! same size belongs to a s]ies ( five l>ge initials :i* comprises also ! pr(ile ,a1 already m5tion$1 ( ,?i]ry ,m>t5s4 ,^! lett]s1 toge!r ) a small] alphabet 9 ! /yle ( ! lett]s ( ,godfrid de ,os1 are to be f\nd 9 editions ( ,g4 ,leeu at ,antw]p1 z is also ! ,d ( p9e-cone patt]n copi$ f ! alphabet ( ,israel von ,meck54 ,! l>ge initial ) a portrait1 :i* is said by ,holtrop to be t ( ,philip le ,bel1 is by ,godfrid ,back ( ,antw]p4 ,! ,p repres5t+ ! miracle ( ,/4 ,v]onica is to be f\nd 9 a book by an unkn[n pr9t] ( ,s*i$am1 ,johannis ,brugman ,vita almae virg9is ,lydw9ae ,sci$ammitae4 ,! ,g giv5 "h ) ! same subject is evid5tly copi$ f ?is lett]1 & ornam5ts a leaf ( an e>ly black-lett] ,engli% pray]-book1 f\nd 9 ! b9d+ ( a sixte5?-c5tury volume4 ,l\va9 initials ( any int]e/ are extremely r>e1 & ! only hi/oriat$ "o t we h se5 is an ,n ( a fifte5?-c5tury missal1 all ! o!r capitals ( :i* are pa9t$ by h&4 ,! calligraphic ,g & ! ,h1 bo? ) grotesque pr(iles1 are e>ly specim5s ( initials ( ,antw]p f ! title-pages ( books4 ,! ,g is f a ,belial1 circa #aejj1 ! ,h f a small ,leyd5 tract ( ! same date4 ,,*apt] ,,xv ,,lat] ,,g]man ,,initials ,hi!rto we h devot$ ea* *apt] to special t[ns & _! pr9t]s4 ,9 ?is1 ! f9al "o1 we %all deal ) ,g]man initials t h n f\nd a place else:]e4 ,be=e1 h[ev]1 proce$+ to _! enum]ation1 we wi% x to be und]/ood t if c]ta9 t[ns or presses h n be5 giv51 x is because we h n wi%$ to g beyond a c]ta9 limit4 ,& = ?is reason we h pref]r$ us+ ! docum5ts at our disposal to reproduc+ specim5s ( ^! presses f o!r s\rces4 ,7 x o!rwise1 & _h ?is recueil ( initials be5 int5d$ to be entirely repres5tative1 we %\ld h consid]$ x necess>y to give specim5s ( ! l>ge lett]s us$ by ,johann ,s*eff] 9 8 ,livy1 ( ^? design$ by ,crana* = ,luft ( ,wittemb]g1 & ( ^? us$ by ,kobel ( ,opp5heim & ( _m o!rs4 ,x %\ld be said1 moreov]1 t ! great] numb] ( :at may be t]m$ repres5tative alphabets--^? t occur mo/ frequ5tly 9 ! publications ( ! "t--h be5 already reproduc$ 9 works on ,r5aissance book ornam5tation1 :]eas our initials h be5 select$ because less g5]ally met )1 & consequ5tly less kn[n4 ,we h already giv5 specim5s ( initials pr9t$ 9 r$1 :i* ne>ly always are f\nd 9 missals2 ! ?ree foll[+ are tak5 f ! ,missal ( ,spires1 pr9t$ at ! exp5se ( t hone/ #8dom9us ,pet] ,dra*1' & dat$ #aejj4 ,9 ! copy ( ! ,biblio?que ,nationale !re is a f9e engrav+1 be=e ! ,canon1 ( ! ,crucifixion ) ! date #aeaf1 b ^! pictures 7 (t5 add$ aft]w>ds4 ,al?\gh a comp>atively small t[n1 ,hag5au t[>ds ! end ( ! fir/ qu>t] ( ! sixte5? c5tury _h become an important pr9t+ c5tre1 two pr9t]s at lea/ mak+ use ( typographical ornam5ts4 ,^? us$ by ,he9ri* ,gran are n ( ! v fir/ m]it1 z c be se5 by ref]5ce to ,buts*1 :o reproduces "o ( 8 title-pages4 ,?omas ,anselm de ,bade1 on ! contr>y1 has title-pages & initials f two diff]5t s\rces ( ! v greate/ int]e/1 z our reproductions %[4 ,! n9e v l>ge lett]s1 ) ! v mu* small] ,e1 are met ) 9 sev]al missals publi%$ aft] #aeah1 ! mo/ important ( :i* is kn[n z ! ,b5$ict9e ,missal1 ! ,missale ,bursfeld5se4 ,missale d5uo dilig5tissime ca/igatum et revisum ord9is sancti ,b5$icti re=matorum nigrorum ,mona*orum ,bursfeld5sium4 ,z ! read] c see1 !y diff] 9 "* f ^? f\nd 9 any o!r missal1 & h be5 attribut$ to ,hans ,baldung ,grn1 :o also design$ ,anselm's pr9t]'s m>k4 ,no?+ c be m *>m+ ?an ! little ,e ) ! *ildr5 :i* comm5ces s appropriately ! v]se beg9n+ ,ex ore infantium1 & :i* gives /ill ano!r example ( ! alliance s frequ5tly met ) betwe5 ! s]i\s & ! grotesque4 ,!re is ano!r set ( initials 9 ! same /yle1 slightly small]1 9 :i* ! incid5ts on ! ,t are rev]s$1 ! sacrifice ( ,abraham be+ on ! left4 ,!y are to be f\nd 9 ! ,/rasburg ,missal ( ,hag5au ( #aeah4 ,ano!r v good ,hag5au s]ies is ! *ildr5's alphabet us$ by ! same ,?omas ,anselm 9 8 ,pl9ius ( #aebj1 & said by ,weigel 9 8 ,altdeuts*es ,holzs*nittalphabet to h be5 design$ by ! eld] ,he9ri* ,vog!rr4 ,x is on a some:at small] scale ?an ! ,dr] alphabet1 & ab\t ! same size z t ( ,urs ,graf4 ,arti/ically x occupies a middle place betwe5 ! two4 ,^! lett]s1 :i* ne>ly =m a complete s]ies1 7 almo/ at once copi$ by ,franc ,birckmann ( ,cologne1 ! only diff]5ce be+ t ! ,m & ! ,r are on a black in/ead ( a :ite gr\nd1 z 9 ! ,hag5au orig9al4 ,"s ( ! lett]s 7 us$ 9 books publi%$ by ,lucas ,alantius ( ,vi5na4 ,9 ! ,m1 :i* is reproduc$ f a ,vi5na copy1 !re are "s fur!r modifications4 ,! %ield "u ! *ild's left arm has be5 add$1 & !re w\ld appe> to be a monogram betwe5 ! p5d5t grapes & tassel n 9 ! orig9al4 ,! five lett]s1 ,c1 ,e1 ,i1 ,m1 & ,o1 ! la/ repres5t+ ! ,massacre ( ! ,innoc5ts1 belong to a collection :]e !y are class$ z com+ f ! missal ( ,magdeburg1 :i* we h n be5 able to v]ify4 ,!y are said to be ! only ones 9 ! volume ( ?is size1 & are accompani$ by a small ornam5tal s]ies 9 ! /yle ( ,crana*1 :o may v likely h design$ ! l>g] lett]s4 ,9 ! missal ( ,pos5 7,posnani5se7 ( #aebd !re are only five ornam5tal lett]s1 ( :i* ?ree are giv51 ! ,t be+ a picture ( ! ca!dral ( ! t[n z x 0 at ! "t4 ,! two ,apocalyptic initials are typical specim5s ( ! /yle ( ,crana*1 & come f ! ,missale ,evangeli>e ( ,lu!r1 pr9t$ by ,lufft ( ,wittemb]g 9 #aebe4 ,we h m5tion$ above ! alphabet ( ,crana* :i* is giv5 by ,buts* 9 8 ,b*]-,ornam5tik4 ,!re are sev]al small] alphabets 9 ! same /yle1 9 "o ( :i* is an initial repres5t+ a donkey sitt+ up ) spectacles1 no d\bt a satire on ! doctors ( ! *ur* ) :om ,crana* _h (t5 to d4 ,wittemb]g 0 "o ( ! *ief c5tres ( ! ,lu!ran controv]sy1 & inundat$ ,europe ) tracts on ! subject4 ,a great _m ( ^! h ornam5tal title-pages1 _m ( :i* 7 design$ by ,crana* 9 a /yle q diff]5t f 8 initials4 ,^? ) *ildr51 :i* equal any?+ ( ! p]iod1 are p>ticul>ly *>m+4 ,no?+ c\ld be m fanta/ic ?an ! subjects 9 ! s]ies ( initials1 sev5 or eight altoge!r1 ( :i* ! ,c1 ,l1 & ,t are specim5s4 ,:at1 h[ev]1 !y mean exactly we d n pret5d to say4 ,9 ! ,t !re are app>5tly two ,satyrs danc+ a s>ab&1 b ! p]sonage 9 ! ,c w\ld appe> r to be "o ( ^? weird creations t gr[ out ( foliage "u ! p5cil ( ! arti/4 ,^! lett]s are to be f\nd no d\bt 9 o!r publications ( ! same press1 b ^? giv5 "h 7 tak5 f ! ,elegantiae ( ,laur5tius ,valla1 pr9t$ 9 #aebb by ,laz>us ,s*ur] ( ,s*le/adt4 ,! complete s]ies is kn[n z ! alphabet ( ,pilgrim #8le matre aux ,b\rdons1' ,wae*/e94 ,besides ! ,c1 ,l1 & ! ,t !re are sev5 o!rs 9 ! ,elegantiae2 an ,h ) a lion's head1 an ,i1 two w+$ *ildr52 ,p & ,q ea* ) a *ild1 ,r & ,s 9 ! same /yle z ! ,c1 ! latt] hav+ ! head ( a fanta/ic animal4 ,!re is also a small] ,d ) an extraord9>y k9d ( w+$ satyr1 & a ,q ) a c\ple ( *ildr54 ,*ronologically1 we %\ld h m5tion$ be=e ! ,missale ,patavi5se ( ,vi5na1 pr9t$ by ,j4 ,w9t]b]g] 9 #aeab1 :i* has initials ( sev]al dim5sions1 b mo/ ( !m too indi/9ct = reproduction4 ,^? *os51 ,c1 ,p1 ,s1 ,t1 are ! be/ ( ! small] s]ies4 ,we h describ$ 9 _! prop] places ! ,psalt]s ( ,ratdolt ( #adii2 ( ,furt] ( #aeja-c2 & ( ,knobl\* t5 ye>s lat]1 all ( !m exactly uni=m 9 size & arrangem5t1 ! two latt] ) ,g]man comm5t>y fram+ ! text4 ,9 all ( ^!1 ornam5tal initials are us$ occasionally1 ^? 9 ! two fir/-nam$ volumes hav+ exactly ! same hi/oriation1 :il/ 9 ! ,/rasburg ,psalt] !y are simply ornam5tal4 ,! ,psalt] ( ,metz1 pr9t$ by ,casp> ,ho*ff$] 9 #aeac1 is on ! same g5]al plan1 b )\t any woodcut initials 9 ! body ( ! volume2 on ! title-page1 h[ev]1 is ! ,p giv5 "h1 :i* is ! only initial ( ?is orig9 t we h be5 able to discov]4 ,! f\r initials1 compris+ an ,o ) ! portrait 9 co/ume ( a "y girl1 an outl9e ,t repres5t+ a money-*ang]'s (fice1 & two o!rs1 are f a ,pogge by ,knobl\*1 :o pr9t$ sev]al works ( ?is au?or4 ,we h already _h occasion to rem>k ab\t ! incongruity betwe5 c]ta9 books & ! initials t embelli% !m1 & ! two ,d's1 "o ) a p]sonage magnific5tly co/um$1 ! o!r ) a m&ol9e play]1 af=d ano!r example ( ?is peculi>ity4 ,! volume f :i* !y are tak5 is ! ,magdeburg ,bible ( #aedb1 pr9t$ by ,h4 ,wal!r4 ,9 ?is edition ! diff]5t books ( ,scripture are prec$$ by initials ( ! same size z ! reproductions1 b ne>ly always ) ,biblical subjects correspond+ to ! text t is to foll[4 ,9 ,g5esis1 ,adam & ,eve are be+ *as$ by an angel ) flam+ sword f ,p>adise1 & s on4 ,! *apt]s ( ! books beg9 by small] initials1 ) *ildr5 romp+ & play+1 9 "o lett] tortur+ a cat1 9 ano!r fight+ a cock2 :il/ 9 a ?ird a *ild is arm$ ) a pewt] squirt1 app>5tly 9 no way diff]5t to ! squirt ( fifty ye>s ago4 ,besides initials1 ?is ,bible is embelli%$ ) cuts1 9 "s ( :i* ,g]man ca/les ( ! fifte5? c5tury s]ve z a backgr\nd to ,biblical sc5es1 & ,jews & infidels sometimes we> co/umes ( ! same p]iod4 ,s*eff]'s l>ge ornam5tal lett]s h be5 m5tion$ at ! beg9n+ ( ?is *apt]4 ,9 #aeah he 0 us+ a small alphabet 9 "s ( 8 publications1 & a few initials ( int]m$iate size1 f\r ( :i* are giv5 by ,buts*4 ,!re is an ,a ) a nak$ woman sitt+ on ! gr\nd1 two ,c's ) *ildr51 & an ,s1 also ) *ildr51 "o ( :om is play+ on a k9d ( horn4 ,! ,b1 reproduc$ 9 ! same /yle1 n giv5 by ,buts*1 is less frequ5tly met )1 ,lat9 p>agraphs r>ely beg9n+ ) ?is initial4 ,+old/adt is kn[n to bibliograph]s *iefly by ! ,a/ronomicon ,ces>eum ( #aedj1 a folio volume ) movable a/ronomical diagrams4 ,on ! v]so ( ! title are ! arms ( ,*>les ,v4 & ,f]d9&1 to :om ! book is d$icat$4 ,! la/ page is entirely cov]$ by ! arms ( ! pr9t]1 ,p4 ,apianus1 :i* s]ve z 8 m>k4 ,?r\gh\t ! volume are ! geometrical initials design$ by ,mi*ael ,o/5dorf]1 ( :i* we give ! be/ specim5s1 "s ( !m occurr+ only once1 o!rs two1 ?ree1 & f\r times1 ! ,c occurr+ on t5 occasions4 ,!re are tw5ty-two diff]5t lett]s 9 all1 includ+ a ,greek 4 ,ano!r small] alphabet ( *ildr5 occurs *iefly t[>ds ! end1 to :i* set belongs a comp\nd d\ble initial1 mu* wid] ?an x is tall1 :i* conta9s ! lett]s ,q1 ,u4 ,besides ^!1 !re are f\r ,i's ) ! f\r ,evangeli/s1 ea* "o ) 8 special symbol4 ,al?\gh und\bt$ly a pictorial initial1 ! ,c ) :i* we t]m9ate our ,g]man selection is n reproduc$ f a book1 b 0 tak5 f a docum5t ( :i* we h se5 sev]al copies1 a lic5ce to m>ry )9 prohibit$ degrees4 ,9 ?is docum5t ! body ( ! text is pr9t$ 9 ord9>y black-lett] *>act]s1 ) blanks = ! names ( ! p]sons wi%+ to contract m>riage4 ,above ! text is a l9e ( ornam5tal #8bullatic' lett]s1 z !y are t]m$1 prec$$ by ! ,c "h giv51 :i* =m toge!r ! ^w #8,collegium1' ! mean+ ( ! hi/oriation be+ no d\bt t ,/4 ,pet] ) 8 key has delegat$ 8 p[] to op5 ! ,p>adise ( ,matrimony4 ,,*apt] ,,xvi ,,engli% ,,initials ,) v few exceptions ! decorative & pictorial initials reproduc$ f =eign books on ! prec$+ pages h be5 *os5 f works pr9t$ be=e #aebe1 & 9 mo/ cases be=e #aejj4 ,9 ,g]many1 ,italy1 ,france1 & ! ,ne!rl&s1 s*ools ( cutt]s & engrav]s 9 wood & s(t metal ) /rongly m>k$ local *>act]i/ics came into exi/5ce be=e #adij--;9 ,g]many "s tw5ty ye>s e>li]--& dur+ ! la/ decade ( ! c5tury num]\s f9ely illu/rat$ books 7 issu$ f ! *ief cont95tal presses4 ,! good "w ( "o c\ntry or t[n might be imitat$1 slavi%ly or freely1 9 ano!r2 "h & !re also ! "w produc$ 0 qua9tly or /upidly bad1 & good designs 7 (t5 spoilt by clumsy cutt+4 ,b despite all su* individual failures1 !re 0 abundance ( orig9ality & executive skill1 & ?is is true also1 ?\gh 9 a less degree1 ( ,switz]l& & ,spa94 ,:5 we turn our eyes homew>ds1 we f9d a totally diff]5t /ate ( affairs4 ,! few ,engli% illu/rat$ books ( ! p]iod ) :i* ?is monograph is ma9ly conc]n$ h be5 divid$ by speciali/s into ?ree gr\ps3#cd ^? ) cuts borr[$ outright f ! ,ne!rl&s or ,france 7e4g4 ,caxton's ,horae cuts1 ! illu/rations 9 ,pynson's edition ( ,lydgate's ,falls ( ,pr9ces1 etc472 ^? slavi%ly copi$1 mo/ly1 b n always1 v badly1 f =eign orig9als 7e4g4 ,caxton's ,aesop1 ! editions ( ! ,ca/ell ( ,lab\r1 ,art ( ,good ,liv+ & ,good ,dye+1 ! ,%ip ( ,fools1 & mo/ ( ! odd s+le cuts72 la/ly1 a scanty residue ( native orig91 illu/rat+ books l ! ,cant]bury ,tales or ,morte d',ar?ur1 = :i* no =eign models c\ld be f\nd4 ,"s ( ^! are almo/ incr$ibly bad1 o!rs m]ely wood51 a v few1 l ! cut to ,fi%]'s fun]al s]mon = ,h5ry ,,vii41 fairly neat4 ,b1 aga9 speak+ g5]ally1 x is evid5t t ,engli% pr9t]s c\ld enli/ ! s]vices ( no design]s ( any skill & ( few woodcutt]s able to rival ! av]age j\rneyman-"w 9 =eign books4 #cd ,consult an extremely int]e/+ pap] on ?is subject1 #8,initial ,lett]s 9 ,e>ly ,engli% ,pr9t$ ,books1' by ,*>les ,sayle4 ,bibliographical ,society's ,transactions1 #aijd4 ,good initials dem&$ little less skill f _! design]s1 & c]ta9ly no less f _! cutt]s1 ?an ! l>g] =ms ( book-illu/ration4 ,! great cont95tal c5tres ( pr9t+ prove abundantly t good initials are ! natural accompanim5ts ( good illu/rations1 & ?us !re is no room = surprise t 9 ,engl&1 :]e !re 0 no compet5t native s*ool ( book-illu/ration1 !re 0 also no compet5t native s*ool ( initial-cutt]s4 ,( ! fact !re c be no d\bt4 ,caxton possess$ only "o initial ( any size1 ! ,a %[n among our facsimiles1 :i* he us$ 9 "o or two ( 8 lat] books4 ,8 contempor>ies possess$ none at all4 ,aft] ,caxton's dea? 9 #adia1 = ! next half-c5tury & m ! hi/ory ( ,engli% initials is z ! hi/ory ( our book-illu/rations--!y are import$ f abroad1 copi$ f =eign orig9als1 or ( no arti/ic value4 ,an e>ly in/ance ( importation is ! l>ge grotesque ,h1 %[n 9 facsimile1 :i* ,de ,worde acquir$ e>ly 9 8 c>e] f ,gova]t van ,os :5 ! latt] 0 mov+ to ,cop5hag52 9 ! same way ,julian ,not>y obta9$ a few lett]s f ,&r ,boc>d4 ,?\gh x may be ?\ght *urli% to look outside ,engl& :5 we f9d a rebus on an ,engli% "n1 x c h>dly be d\bt$ t ! initials cut = ,pynson's ,morton ,missal1 ( :i* specim5s are giv51 7 made = him 9 ,france4 ,c]ta9ly no "o c\ld claim ^! lett]s z />t+ an indep5d5t ,engli% s*ool1 & mo/ ( ^? subsequ5tly us$ by ,pynson & ,de ,worde are direct copies1 or imitations1 f ! ,fr5*4 ,?us x is only by transc5d+ our b\nds t we c (f] a few examples ( ,engli% initials :i* h at lea/ m indep5d5ce ?an ^! e>ly v5tures4 ,x1 p]haps1 %[s "s ra%ness to include among !m ! excell5t ,h f ,grafton's edition ( ,halle's ,union ( ! two ,h\ses ( ,york & ,lanca/] 7#aedh71 = ?is may p]*ance h be5 inspir$ by ^? 9 ! ,p>is edition ( ! ,hi/oria ,danica ( ,saxo ,grammaticus 7see pages #he & #bcj74 ,nev]!less ! book is important1 because x 0 on h]aldic l9es t "s ( ! be/ lat] "w 0 produc$4 ,mu* ( ?is may be connect$ ) ! "n ( t excell5t pr9t] ,john ,day4 ,! pictorial initial to ! ,bible ( #aedi1 %[+ ,edw>d ,becke1 ! promot] ( ! edition1 pres5t+ a copy to ,edw>d ,,vi41 is full ( life1 & ! portrait initial ( ,elizabe? f ,foxe's ,book ( ,m>tyrs is excell5t "w4 ,betwe5 ^! two books ,day _h issu$1 9 #aeei1 a f9e edition ( ,cunn+ham's ,cosmographical ,glasse1 & ?is is adorn$ by an admirable h]aldic ,d ) ! arms ( ! ,e>l ( ,leice/]1 & by "s pictorial initials connect$ ) ! subject ( ! book1 ! au?or%ip ( ^! be+ /ill undiscov]$1 despite ! lett]s ,,ib1 ,,ic1 ,,id1 f\nd on "s ( !m4 ,at a lat] date "w ( ! same /yle appe>s 9 8 edition ( ,as*am's ,s*oolma/]4 ,x is a pity t ,day1 n be+ ! royal pr9t]1 c\ld n be entru/$ ) pr9t+ ! ,bi%ops' ,bible ( #aefh1 :i* came f ! press ( ,jugge & ,cawood4 ,b 8 patron1 ,ar*bi%op ,p>k]1 _h1 ( c\rse1 a l>ge %>e 9 its sup]9t5d5ce1 & "s ( ! h]aldic initials 9 ! volume are almo/ z good z ! ,leice/] ,d4 ,t :i* has be5 *os5 z a sample %[s ! arms ( ,ar*bi%op ,cranm]1 a pleas+ complim5t f ,p>k] to 8 pr$ecessor4 ,! ornam5tal title-page to ! ,bi%ops' ,bible is n woodcut b engrav$ on copp]1 & ! fact is significant4 ,"u ,day's guidance ,engli% pr9t+ & book-illu/ration lift$ up _! head1 b ! ef=t came too late4 ,aft] ab\t #aehj woodcuts became unfa%ionable1 copp] engrav+s gradually took _! place1 & ! *ange 0 fatal to ! production ( f9e initials1 ( :i* no m 7 produc$4 ,,reproductions ,,( ,,initials ,,ulm ,illu/ration ,,initial ,,) ,,bord] ,,f ,,! ,,xylographic ,,donatus ,,( ,,d9ckmut ,,initials ,,f ,,block ,,books ,illu/ration ,,f ,,an #8,,ars ,,memor&i' ,illu/ration ,,f ,,! #8,,mirabilia ,,romae' ,,may5ce ,illu/ration ,,f ,,! ,,sop ,,( ,,s*eff] ,illu/ration ,,f ,,! ,,breid5ba* ,,( ,,erh>dt ,,reuwi* ,,augsburg ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,g4 ,,za9]',s ,,six? ,,g]man ,,bible ,,& ,j4 ,,friburg5sis' #8,,summa ,,confessorum' ,illu/ration ,,f ,g4 ,,za9]',s #8,,m>g>ita ,,davitica' ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,initials ,,( ,,sorg ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,initials ,,( ,,kell] ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,initials ,,( ,,hoh5wang ,,& ,,pflantzmann ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,initials ,,( ,,s*,,nsp]g] ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,initials ,,( ,b,,ml] ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,g4 ,,za9]',s ,,g]man ,,bible ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,g4 ,,za9]',s ,,g]man ,,bible ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,sorg',s #8,,suso ,,dictus ,,am&us' ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,ratdolt',s ,,brevi>y1 #adia ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,ratdolt',s ,,brevi>y ,,& ,,psalt]1 #adia-adii ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,ratdolt',s ,,con/ance ,,missal1 #aeaf ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,initials ,,by ,,hans ,,weiditz ,,9 ,,diff]5t ,,works ,,publi%$ ,,by ,,/eyn] ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,initials ,,by ,,hans ,,weiditz ,,9 ,,diff]5t ,,works ,,publi%$ ,,by ,,/eyn] ,,ulm ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,j4 ,,za9]',s ,,boccaccio ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,o!r ,,initials ,,( ,g4 ,,za9] ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,! ,,cosmographia ,,( ,,ptolemy--,,leon>d ,,holl1 #adhb ,illu/ration ,,f ,,! ,,ulm ,,bible1 #adhj ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,initials ,,( ,j4 ,,reg]1 #adif ,,nuremb]g ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,initials ,,( ,,pet] ,,wagn]1 #adhi ,illu/ration ,,initial ,,( ,j4 ,,regiomontanus ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,! ,,f\r? ,,g]man ,,bible ,,( ,,frisn] ,,& ,,s5s5s*midt ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,! ,,f\r? ,,g]man ,,bible ,,( ,,frisn] ,,& ,,s5s5s*midt ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,! ,,f\r? ,,g]man ,,bible ,,( ,,frisn] ,,& ,,s5s5s*midt ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,! #8,,missale ,,patavi5se' ,,( ,j4 ,,gutne*t ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,! #8,,missale ,,patavi5se' ,,( ,j4 ,,gutne*t ,,basle ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,ri*el',s ,,lat9 ,,bible1 #adge ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,furt]',s ,,psalt]1 #aeja ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,initials ,,by ,,urs ,,graf ,illu/ration ,,f ,,! #8,,*ri/ianli*e ,,bilg]s*aft' ,,( ,,adam ,,petri ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,initials ,,( #8,,dance ,,( ,,dea?' ,,by ,l,,tzelb]g] ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,greek #8,,dance ,,( ,,dea?' ,,initials ,illu/ration #8,,dance ,,( ,,dea?' ,,initial ,,f ,,alphabets ,,by ,,hans ,,holbe9 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,/rasburg ,,copies ,,( ,,! #8,,dance ,,( ,,dea?' ,,alphabet ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,initials ,,( ,,peasants ,,f ,,! #8,,gal5' ,,( ,,bebelius ,,& ,,crat&] ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,*ildr5',s ,,alphabet ,,9 #8,,lactantius' ,,& ,,o!r ,,works ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,l>g] ,,*ildr5',s ,,alphabet ,,f ,,alphabets ,,by ,,hans ,,holbe9 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,initials ,,( ,,val5t9 ,,curio1 ,,f ,,alphabets ,,by ,,hans ,,holbe9 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,initials ,,( ,,val5t9 ,,curio1 ,,f ,,alphabets ,,by ,,hans ,,holbe9 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,! #8,,gal5' ,,( ,,bebelius ,,& ,,crat&] ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,! ,,greek ,,lexicon ,,( ,,r5 ,,gelli ,,f ,,alphabets ,,by ,,hans ,,holbe9 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,o!r ,,initials ,,by ,,holbe9 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,initials ,,by ,,holbe9 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,initials ,,f ,,alphabet ,,by ,,ambrose ,,holbe9 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,initials ,,by ,,van ,,calc> ,,f ,,vesalius ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,initials ,,by ,,van ,,calc> ,,f ,,vesalius ,z,,ri* ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,initials ,,us$ ,,by ,,fros*\] ,l,,beck ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,! #8,,rudim5ta ,,novitiorum' ,,& ,,josephus ,,( ,,lucas ,,br&is1 #adge ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,! #8,,rudim5ta ,,novitiorum' ,,& ,,josephus ,,( ,,lucas ,,br&is1 #adge ,illu/ration ,,f ,,! #8,,leb5 ,,des ,,heil4 ,,hi]onymus' ,,by ,,b>?olomew ,,ghotan1 #adhd ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,! #8,,m$itationes ,,sanct ,,brigitt' ,,by ,,b>?olomew ,,ghotan ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,! #8,,m$itationes ,,sanct ,,brigitt' ,,by ,,b>?olomew ,,ghotan ,,bamb]g ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,! #8,,missale ,,olumuc5se' ,,( ,,s5s5s*midt1 #adhi ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,! #8,,missale ,,olumuc5se' ,,( ,,s5s5s*midt1 #adhi ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,a ,,bamb]g ,,missal ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,! ,,bamb]g ,,missal ,,( ,j4 ,,pfeyl1 #aejf ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,! ,,bamb]g ,,missal ,,( ,j4 ,,pfeyl1 #aejf ,,/rasburg ,illu/ration ,,f ,t4 ,,de ,,haselpa*',s #8,,s]mones' ,illu/ration ,,f #8,,burgundis*e ,,hi/orie' ,illu/ration ,,f #8,,dialogus ,,salomonis ,,et ,,m>colfi' ,illu/ration ,,f #8,,belial' ,,& ,,o!r ,,books ,,f ,,v>i\s ,,books ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,,knoblo*tz] ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,! #8,,deuts*] ,,kal5d]' ,,& ,,o!r ,,books ,illu/ration ,,f ,,! #8,,de ,,secretis ,,muli]um' ,illu/ration ,,f ,,! #8,,de ,,ritu ,,et ,,moribus ,,indorum' ,,f ,,v>i\s ,,books ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,,knoblo*tz] ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,an?ropomorphic ,,lett]s ,,us$ ,,by ,,v>i\s ,,pr9t]s ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,initials ,,f ,,! #8,,scriptum' ,,( ,g4 ,,de ,,ockam1 ,,& ,,! #8,,comm5t>ius ,,sancti ,,johannis1' ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,g4 ,,s*ott ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,lett]s ,,f ,,! #8,,pl5>ium' ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,o!r ,,/rasburg ,,initials ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,a ,,psalt] ,,by ,j4 ,,prusz1 #adih ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,knobl\*',s #8,,pogge1' #aeac ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,v>i\s ,,books ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,,gr,,n+] ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,v>i\s ,,books ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,,gr,,n+] ,illu/ration ,,f #8,,s]mones' ,,( ,,geil] ,,von ,,kais]sp]g ,illu/ration ,,f #8,,s]mones' ,,( ,,geil] ,,von ,,kais]sp]g ,,reutl+5 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,books ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,g4 ,,gryff ,,g5eva ,illu/ration ,,f ,,! #8,,doctr9al ,,de ,,sapi5ce' ,,( #adhh ,illu/ration ,,f ,,! #8,,doctr9al ,,de ,,sapi5ce' ,,( #adic ,illu/ration ,,f #8,,les ,,fleurs ,,et ,,mani,,res ,,des ,,temps ,,pass,s' ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,! #8,,dialogus ,,creaturum' ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,a ,,missal ,,( ,,bellot ,,cologne ,illu/ration ,,f ,,qu5tell',s ,,missal1 #adid ,illu/ration ,,f ,a ,,donatus ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f #8,,sequ5ti>um ,,et ,,hymnorum' ,,expositio ,,by ,,bung>t ,,de ,,ketwyck ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,o!r ,,initials ,,by ,,qu5tell ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,by ,,mel*ior ,,novesianus ,illu/ration ,,by ,j4 ,,gymnicus ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,alphabet ,,( ,,alb]t ,d,,r] ,,9 ,,books ,,by ,,c]vicornus ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,alphabet ,,( ,,alb]t ,d,,r] ,,9 ,,books ,,by ,,c]vicornus ,illu/ration ,a ,,lyons ,,copy ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,macabre ,,initials ,illu/ration ,,copi$ ,,f ,,! ,,v5etian #8,,brevi>um ,,orbis' ,,( ,,lilius ,,v5ice ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,initials ,,( ,,ratdolt1 #adgf ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,missals ,,& ,,brevi>ies ,,by ,,george ,,arrivab5e ,,& ,,lucantonio ,,di ,,giunta ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,missals ,,& ,,brevi>ies ,,by ,,george ,,arrivab5e ,,& ,,lucantonio ,,di ,,giunta ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,missals ,,& ,,brevi>ies ,,by ,,george ,,arrivab5e ,,& ,,lucantonio ,,di ,,giunta ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,a ,,book ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,,bonetus ,,locatellus ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,books ,,by ,,matteo ,,capcasa1 ,,tacu9us ,,de ,,trid9o1 ,,bonetus ,,locatellus1 ,,& ,,o!rs ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,books ,,by ,,matteo ,,capcasa1 ,,tacu9us ,,de ,,trid9o1 ,,bonetus ,,locatellus1 ,,& ,,o!rs ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,! #8,,missale ,,vallisumbrose' ,,( ,,giunta ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,! #8,,missale ,,vallisumbrose' ,,( ,,giunta ,illu/ration ,,f ,,! #8,,missale ,,vallisumbrose' ,,( ,,giunta ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,a ,,v5etian ,,impression ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,an ,,edition ,,( ,,ari/otle ,,by ,,sessa ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,! #8,,vita ,,di ,,sancti ,,padri' ,,( ,,ot9o ,,da ,,pavia ,,de ,,la ,,luna ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,! #8,,vita ,,di ,,sancti ,,padri' ,,( ,,ot9o ,,da ,,pavia ,,de ,,la ,,luna ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,initials ,,by ,,sessa ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,! #8,,brevi>ium ,,orbis' ,,( ,,za*>ius ,,lilius ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,a ,,v5etian ,,impression ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,works ,,by ,,v>i\s ,,pr9t]s ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,initials ,,by ,,de ,,gregoriis ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,initials ,,by ,,de ,,gregoriis ,illu/ration ,,portrait ,,( ,,cosmo ,,de ,,m$ici ,illu/ration ,,pius ,,romae ,,pontifex ,,rome ,illu/ration ,,f ,,! #8,,vit ,c,,s>um' ,,( ,,suetonius ,,by ,,sweynheim ,,& ,,pann>tz1 #adga ,illu/ration ,e4 ,,silb]1 #aejg ,illu/ration ,,jacobus ,,mazo*ius1 #aeae ,,si5na ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,! #8,,op]a ,,da?i' ,,( ,,n>di1 #aejc ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,! #8,,op]a ,,da?i' ,,( ,,n>di1 #aejc ,,como ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,! ,,vitruvius ,,( ,,got>dus ,,de ,,ponte ,,pavia ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,initials ,,( ,j4 ,,de ,,burg(ranco ,,saluzzo ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,! #8,,aureum ,,opus' ,,( ,,le ,,sign]re ,,v]ona ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,a ,,"w ,,by ,,celsus ,,mapheus ,,vic5za ,illu/ration ,,f ,a ,,catalogus ,,sanctorum ,,brescia ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,! #8,,invectivae' ,,( ,t4 ,n4 ,,cy*u?oe ,,f]r>a ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,! #8,,de ,,cl>is ,,muli]ibus' ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,! #8,,missale ,,c>?usi5se1' ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,,! ,,monks ,,at ,,_! ,,conv5t ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,! #8,,missale ,,c>?usi5se1' ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,,! ,,monks ,,at ,,_! ,,conv5t ,,milan ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,lettr9es ,,by ,,sc9z5zell] ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,! #8,,opus ,,auree' ,,( ,,z>otus1 #aeac ,illu/ration ,,f ,,! #8,,s]mons ,,( ,,/4 ,,b]n>d1' ,,leon>d ,,pa*el1 #adie ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,works ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,,g]>d ,,ponticus ,,lyons ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration #8,,lettres ,,t\rneures ,,fleuronn,,es' ,,( ,w4 ,,l]oy1 #adgi ,illu/ration ,,f #8,,le ,,pre/re ,,jehan' ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f #8,,les ,,quatre ,,fils ,,aymon' ,,( ,w4 ,,l]oy ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,! #8,,/atuta ,,synodalia' ,,( ,w4 ,,l]oy ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,! ,,boccaccio ,,( ,,ma?ieu ,,& ,,jean ,,s*abel]1 #adhc ,illu/ration ,,f ,,! ,,breid5ba* ,,( ,,gasp>d ,,ortu9 ,illu/ration ,,f #8,,la ,,m] ,,des ,,hy/oires' ,,by ,,mi*el ,,topie ,illu/ration ,,f ,a ,,melus9e ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,lettres ,,ru/iques ,,( ,,ma?ieu ,,husz ,illu/ration ,,f ,,! #8,,livre ,,des ,,m>*&s' ,illu/ration ,,f ,,! #8,,somme ,,rurale' ,,( ,,b\telli] ,illu/ration ,,f ,,! #8,,ca?on ,,en ,,fran,,oys' ,illu/ration ,,lyons ,,copy ,,( ,,an ,,initial ,,f ,,! ,,boece ,,( ,v,,r>d ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,saccon',s ,,missal ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,! ,,missal ,,( ,,pi]re ,,hongre ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,! ,,missal ,,( ,,pi]re ,,hongre ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,! ,,missal ,,( ,,pi]re ,,hongre ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,initials ,,by ,j4 ,,p\llet1 #aeje ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,! ,,missal ,,( ,,n>bonne1 #aebh ,illu/ration ,,f ,a ,,lyons ,,missal ,illu/ration ,,f ,a #8,,catalogus ,,sanctorum' ,,( ,,saccon ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,! #8,,ca?olicon' ,,( ,j4 ,,wolff1 #aejc ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,! #8,,ca?olicon' ,,( ,j4 ,,wolff1 #aejc ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,an ,,unid5tifi$ #8,,proprietaire' ,illu/ration ,,f #8,,aureum ,,opus' ,illu/ration ,,f #8,,plusieurs ,,g5tillesses' ,,etc4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,magn9i',s #8,,regim5 ,,sanitatis1' ,,by ,,frad9 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,initials ,,by ,,saccon ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,initials ,,by ,,blan*>d ,,& ,,o!r ,,pr9t]s ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,*ildr5',s ,,alphabet ,,by ,,frad9 ,illu/ration ,,f ,,works ,,( ,,/4 ,,ambrose ,illu/ration ,,portrait ,,( ,,erasmus ,illu/ration ,,f ,a ,,lyons ,,bible ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,! #8,,biblia ,,cum ,,summ>iis ,,concordantiis1' ,,etc41 ,,by ,,john ,,moyl9 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,! #8,,biblia ,,cum ,,summ>iis ,,concordantiis1' ,,etc41 ,,by ,,john ,,moyl9 ,illu/ration ,,f ,,! #8,,biblia ,,cum ,,summ>iis ,,concordantiis' ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,! #8,,catalogus ,,sanctorum' ,,( ,,saccon ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,! #8,,catalogus ,,sanctorum' ,,( ,,saccon ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,! #8,,catalogus ,,sanctorum' ,,( ,,saccon ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,! #8,,catalogus ,,sanctorum' ,,( ,,saccon ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,! #8,,catalogus ,,sanctorum' ,,( ,,saccon ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,! #8,,catalogus ,,sanctorum' ,,( ,,saccon ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,! #8,,catalogus ,,sanctorum' ,,( ,,saccon ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,! #8,,catalogus ,,sanctorum' ,,( ,,saccon ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,initials ,,( ,,saccon ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,a #8,,morale ,,r$uctorium ,,petri ,,b]?orii' ,illu/ration ,,lett] ,,us$ ,,by ,,jacques ,,mod]nes ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,alphabet ,,( ,,philosoph]s ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,an ,,alphabet ,,( ,,philosoph]s ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,my?ological ,,initials ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,my?ological ,,lett]s ,,( ,,jacopo ,,fabio ,,p>is ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,! #8,,vies ,,des ,,anci5s ,,sa9ctz ,p,,res' ,,( ,,dupr ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,calligraphic ,,alphabet ,,( ,v,,r>d ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,! #8,,nef ,,de ,,sant' ,,( ,,trepp]el ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,initials ,,9 ,,books ,,by ,,boc>d ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,initials ,,9 ,,books ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,,rembolt ,,& ,,g]+ ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,initials ,,9 ,,books ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,,rembolt ,,& ,,g]+ ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,initials ,,9 ,,books ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,,rembolt ,,& ,,g]+ ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,! ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,d5m>k ,,by ,,saxo ,,grammaticus ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,initials ,,us$ ,,9 ,,! #8,,j>d9 ,,de ,,sant' ,,by ,,trepp]el ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,! ,,ari/otle ,,( ,h4 ,,e/i5ne ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,! #8,,missale ,,p>isi5se' ,,by ,,wolfgang ,,hopyl ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,missals ,,by ,,wolfgang ,,hopyl ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,missals ,,by ,,wolfgang ,,hopyl ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,initials ,,us$ ,,by ,,philippe ,,l5oir1 ,,trepp]el1 ,,& ,,o!rs ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,an ,,unid5tifi$ ,,missal ,,attribut$ ,,to ,g4 ,,tory ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,an ,,unid5tifi$ ,,missal ,,attribut$ ,,to ,g4 ,,tory ,illu/ration ,,f ,a ,,p>is ,,missal ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,grotesque ,,missal ,,initials ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,a #8,,proprietaire' ,,( ,,philippe ,,l5oir ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,initials ,,us$ ,,by ,,josse ,,bade ,illu/ration 7,orig9al size7 ,illu/ration 7,enl>gem5t7 ,illu/ration ,,initials ,,us$ ,,by ,,*evallon ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,initials ,,by ,,vascosan ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,initials ,,by ,,simon ,,de ,,col9es ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,royal ,,lett]s ,,design$ ,,by ,,ge(froy ,,tory ,illu/ration ,,f ,,k]v]',s ,,alphabet ,illu/ration ,,f ,,de ,,la ,,b>re',s ,,press ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,engli% ,,copies ,,( ,,k]v] ,illu/ration ,,copy ,,( ,,rembolt ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,philip ,,le ,,noir ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,p5 ,,lett]s ,,( ,,philip ,,le ,,noir ,,troyes ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f #8,,la ,,?oison ,d',,or' ,,by ,,! ,,l]\ges ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,! #8,,graduale ,,trec5se' ,,& #8,,/atuta ,,synodalia' ,,by ,,lecoq ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,little ,,lett]s ,,( ,,! #8,,vie ,,de ,,monseigneur ,,/4 ,,b]n>d' ,,( ,,lecoq ,,r\5 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,! #8,,psalt]ii ,,expositio' ,,( ,,petrus ,,de ,,h>5tals ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,v>i\s ,,works ,,by ,,m>t9 ,,mor9 ,illu/ration ,,f ,,! #8,,missale ,,atrebat5se' ,,( ,,m>t9 ,,mor9 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,! #8,,missale ,,atrebat5se' ,,( ,,m>t9 ,,mor9 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,! #8,,comm9es' ,,( ,j4 ,,=e/i] ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,! #8,,proprietaire' ,,( ,j4 ,,=e/i] ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,! #8,,op]a ,,guilelmi ,,mona*i ,,valladii' ,,by ,,ho/+ue ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,a #8,,c\/umi] ,,de ,,norm&ie' ,,( #aebc ,,avignon ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,works ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,,jean ,,de ,,*auny ,,poiti]s ,illu/ration ,,f ,a ,,poiti]s ,,missal ,illu/ration ,,f ,a #8,,c\/umi] ,,de ,,poit\' ,illu/ration ,,us$ ,,9 ,,impressions ,,( ,,poiti]s ,,france ,illu/ration ,,f ,a ,,limoges ,,missal ,illu/ration ,,f ,,t\l\se ,illu/ration ,,f ,a ,,limoges ,,missal ,illu/ration ,,f ,,! ,,sop ,,( ,,albi ,illu/ration ,,f #8,,la ,,vie ,,et ,l,,g5de ,,de ,,mme4 ,,/e4 ,,petro9e' ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,besan,,on ,,spani% ,,t[ns ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,val5cia1 ,,by ,g4 ,,ca/illa ,illu/ration ,,f ,,seville1 ,,by ,,juan ,,de ,,v>ila ,illu/ration ,,f ,,coimbra1 ,,by ,j4 ,,alv]a ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,orig9 ,,unc]ta9 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,! #8,,compilacion ,,de ,,leyes1' ,,pr9t$ ,,at ,,zamora ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,initials ,,us$ ,,by ,j4 ,,cromb]g] ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,a ,,m$ical ,,book ,illu/ration ,,f ,a ,,book ,,pr9t$ ,,at ,,burgos ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,orig9 ,,unc]ta9 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,dance ,,( ,,dea? ,,initials ,,f ,,! #8,,libro ,,sotilissimo' ,,pr9t$ ,,at ,,/ella ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,! #8,,com5to ,,de ,,eusebio' ,,( ,h4 ,,gyff]1 ,,salamanca ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,! #8,,passion>ium' ,,( ,,broc>t1 ,,complutum ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,! #8,,epilogo ,,9 ,,m$ic9a' ,,e>ly ,,dut* ,,initials ,illu/ration ,,us$ ,,by ,,jacob ,,van ,,d] ,,me] ,,( ,,delft ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,us$ ,,by ,,godfrid ,,de ,,os ,,( ,,g\da ,illu/ration ,,f ,,! #8,,life ,,( ,,/4 ,,lydw9ne' ,,pr9t$ ,,at ,,s*i$am ,illu/ration ,,engli% ,,adaptation ,,( ,,! ,,prec$+ ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,us$ ,,by ,,?i]ry ,,m>t5s ,illu/ration ,,us$ ,,by ,g4 ,,leeu ,,( ,,antw]p ,illu/ration ,,f ,,an ,,e>ly ,,l\va9 ,,missal ,illu/ration ,,f ,,! ,,title-,,page ,,( ,a #8,,belial' ,,( ,,antw]p ,illu/ration ,,f ,a ,,leyd5 ,,title-,,page ,illu/ration ,,portrait ,,( ,,philip ,,le ,,bel1 ,,f ,a ,,"w ,,publi%$ ,,by ,,godfrid ,,back ,,( ,,antw]p ,,lat] ,,g]man ,,initials ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,! ,,missal ,,( ,,spires ,,by ,,pet] ,,dra* ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,! ,,b5$ict9e ,,missal ,,( ,,hag5au ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,! ,,b5$ict9e ,,missal ,,( ,,hag5au ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,! ,,b5$ict9e ,,missal ,,( ,,hag5au ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,! ,,b5$ict9e ,,missal ,,( ,,hag5au ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,! ,,b5$ict9e ,,missal ,,( ,,hag5au ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,an ,,unid5tifi$ 78 ,,magdeburg7 ,,missal ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,! #8,,missale ,,posnani5se' ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,! #8,,missale ,,evangeli>e' ,,( ,,lu!r1 ,,by ,,krafft ,,( ,,wittemburg ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,initials ,,us$ ,,at ,,dresd5 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,initials ,,by ,,pilgrim ,,9 ,,! #8,,elegantiae' ,,( ,,laur5tius ,,valla1 ,,by ,,s*ur]1 ,,s*le/adt ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,! #8,,missale ,,patavi5se' ,,( ,,w9t]b]g]1 ,,vi5na ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,works ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,,knobl\* ,illu/ration ,,f ,a ,,metz ,,psalt] ,,by ,,casp> ,,ho*ff$] ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,pl9ius ,,( ,,hag5au1 ,,us$ ,,aft]w>ds ,,at ,,cologne ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,a ,,magdeburg ,,bible ,illu/ration ,,by ,,s*eff] ,,( ,,may5ce ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,! #8,,a/ronomicon ,,ces>eum' ,,( ,,apianus ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,! #8,,a/ronomicon ,,ces>eum' ,,( ,,apianus ,illu/ration ,,f ,,an ,,ecclesia/ical ,,docum5t ,,engli% ,,initials ,illu/ration ,,caxton',s #8,a' ,illu/ration ,,wynkyn ,,de ,,worde',s ,,borr[$ #8,h' ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,f ,,pynson',s ,,morton ,,missal ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,initials ,,us$ ,,by ,,john ,,day ,illu/ration ,,initial ,,) ,,arms ,,( ,,ar*bi%op ,,cranm]1 ,,f ,,! ,,bi%ops' ,,bible ,illu/ration ,,initial ,,) ,,arms ,,( ,,h5ry ,,vii41 ,,f ,,grafton',s ,,edition ,,( #8,,halle',s ,,*ronicle' ,illu/ration ,,initial ,,) ,,arms ,,( ,,! ,,e>l ,,( ,,leice/]1 ,,f ,,day',s ,,edition ,,( ,,cunn+ham',s #8,,cosmographical ,,glass' ,illu/ration ,,portrait ,,( ,,que5 ,,elizabe? ,,f ,,day',s ,,edition ,,( ,,foxe',s #8,,book ,,( ,,m>tyrs' ,,index ,,page sop1 initial f ,s*eff]'s edition1 #aab ---- initial f ,albi edition1 #ie1 #beb ,albi1 initial 9 ! manire raille1 f sop pr9t$ at1 #ie1 #beb ,alv>us ,pelagius ( ,j4 ,za9]1 bord] us$ 91 #bc ,alv]a1 ,j41 initial us$ by1 at ,coimbra1 #bec ,ambrose1 ,/41 portrait initial (1 #baa ,antw]p1 initial f title-page ( book pr9t$ at1 #ajb1 #bfb ---- initials us$ 9 books pr9t$ by ,g4 ,leeu at1 #ajb1 #bfa ,apianus1 ,p41 initials f ,a/ronomicon ,ces>eum pr9t$ by1 #ajg1 #bgd sq4 ,apocalypse1 diff]5t editions ( ! block-book1 #d ,arion1 initial repres5t+ ! adv5ture (1 #fa ,ari/otle1 ,op]a ,nonnulla pr9t$ by ,kell]1 #ag ---- initials 9 editions (1 by ,h4 ,e/i5ne1 #bcb ,arrivab5e1 ,george1 initials f missals pr9t$ by1 #ei1 #aga sqq4 ,ars ,memor&i1 hi/orical initial 9 !1 #e1 #aab ,ars ,mori5di1 ! block-book1 #d ,a/ronomicon ,ces>eum pr9t$ by ,p4 ,apianus at ,+old/adt1 #ajg1 #bgd sq4 ,augsburg1 #e ---- initials us$ by pr9t]s1 #ad1 #aac-abb ,aureum ,opus1 initials f edition (1 by ,de ,v+le1 #gg1 #bjh ,avignon1 initials f volume pr9t$ at1 #ic1 #bea ,aymon1 les ,quatre ,fils de1 initials us$ 9 ,lyons edition (1 #aie ,back1 ,godfrid1 initials us$ by1 #bfb ,bade1 ,josse1 armorial initials 9 ,hi/ory ( ,d5m>k pr9t$ by1 #he1 #bcj ---- ---- o!r initials (1 #bch ,bamb]g1 initials f missal ( ,johann ,pfeyl (1 #da1 #aeb sq4 ---- initials f ,missale ,olumuc5se (1 #da1 #aej sq4 ,bml]1 ,johann1 initials f works pr9t$ by1 #af1 #aag ,basle1 initials reproduc$ f books pr9t$ at1 #acd-ade ---- psalt] ( #aeja by ,furt]1 initials f1 #cj1 #ace ,bebelius1 ,joannes1 initials ( ,holbe9 9 works publi%$ by1 #cc ,bebelius & ,crat&]1 initials ( ,holbe9 9 works by1 #cf ,bellot1 ,jean1 initials f volumes pr9t$ by1 #ec ,b5$ict9e missal pr9t$ at ,hag5au1 initials us$ 91 #ajd1 #bfd sqq4 ,b]n>d1 le ,petit1 initials attribut$ to1 #ha ,b]?orius1 ,petrus1 initials f ,morale ,r$uctorium (1 #ha1 #bbb ,besanon1 pr9t]s (1 use same initials z ,furt] ( ,basle1 #ie ---- initials (1 #beb ,bible1 initials f ,g4 ,za9]'s editions (1 #ae1 #bd1 #aac1 #aae1 #aah sq4 ---- ,lat91 ( ,basle1 initials f1 #bi1 #acd ---- initial f ,ulm edition1 #adhj1 #abg ---- initial f a ,lyons1 #baa ---- ,g]man edition1 pictorial initials ( ! fif?1 #ag1 #aah sq4 ---- f\r? edition by ,frisn] & ,s5s5s*midt1 #bf1 #abi sq4 ---- initials f ,nuremb]g edition1 #abi sq4 ---- ! ,bi%ops'1 initials 91 #ajh;c1 #bgi ,bibles1 ,augsburg & ,nuremb]g1 comp>$1 #ag ,biblia cum ,summ>iis et ,concordantiis ( ,jean ,moyl91 initials (1 #gh1 #bab sq4 ,biblia ,paup]um1 ! block-book1 #d ,birckmann1 ,franc1 ,hag5au initials copi$ by1 #aje ,blan*>d1 rem>kable initials us$ 9 works by1 #gg1 #baj ,block-books1 initials f1 #aaj ,boc>d1 ,&r1 initials 9 books pr9t$ by1 #hc1 #ajh;b ,book-hunt+ 9 "t ( ,aulus ,gellius1 #a ,book-plate =m+ "p ( e>ly ,nuremb]g impression1 #bg ,br&is1 ,lucas1 initials f ,rudim5ta ,novitiorum & ,josephus (1 #ci1 #adf sq4 ,breid5ba*1 ,b]n>d von1 initial f ,reuwi*'s edition ( 8 ,p]egr9ationes1 #ge1 #aab ---- initials f ,ortu9's ,lyons edition1 #aih ,brescia1 initials f works pr9t$ at1 #ga1 #ahi ,bridget1 ,/41 ,m$itationes1 initials us$ 9 ,lbeck edition (1 #adh sq4 ,broc>t1 ,arn4 de1 initials us$ by1 #bei ,bumg>t de ,ketwyck1 initials us$ by1 at ,cologne1 #afe ,burg(ranco1 ,j4 ,p4 de1 initials 9 ,hyg9us de ,/ellis pr9t$ by1 #fg1 #ahh ,burgos1 initial us$ at1 #bef ,byzantium1 books (1 on purple p>*m5t1 #b ,calc>1 ,j4 van1 initials (1 9 ,anatomy ( ,vesalius1 #cg1 #add sq4 ,calligraphic initials f ,p>is title-pages1 #hc ,capcasa1 ,matteo1 initials f works publi%$ by1 #eh1 #agd sq4 ,cassiodorus1 initial f works (1 by ,/eyn]1 #ba ,ca/illa1 ,g41 initial us$ by1 at ,val5cia1 #bec ,catalogus ,sanctorum ( ,saccon1 #gf1 #bad sqq4 ,ca?olicon ( ,j4 ,wolff1 select$ initials f1 #gf1 #bjf sq4 ,caxton1 ,w41 initials us$ by1 #ajh;b1 #bgg ,c]vicornus or ,hirtzhorn1 ,eu*41 initials 9 works publi%$ by1 #eb1 #afh sq4 ,*>lemagne invites ,iri% & ,anglo-,saxon monks to 8 k+dom1 #b ,*>les ! ,bald welcomes =eign arti/s1 #b ,*auny1 ,jean de1 initials f works pr9t$ by1 #bea ,*evallon1 ,claude1 initial repres5t+ sc5es f ,ars ,mori5di 9 "w publi%$ by1 #hh1 #bch ,*ildr51 initials )1 us$ by ,v5ice pr9t]s1 #fa ---- copi$ by pr9t]s ( ,basle1 ,cologne1 & ,hag5au1 #fa ,cic]o1 initials f ,g]man edition (1 by ,/eyn]1 #ba ,cocksp]g]1 ,pet]1 & ! ,may5ce ,psalt] initials1 #aj ,coimbra1 initials us$ by ,j4 ,alvira (1 #ih1 #bec ,cologne1 initial f ,donatus (1 #ea1 #afe ---- o!r initials us$ at1 #afe sq4 ,como1 initials ( ,vitruvius pr9t$ at1 #fh1 #ahg ,compilacion de ,leyes1 initials f ,zamora edition1 #bee ,complutum 7,alcala de ,h5>es71 initial us$ 9 liturgical works pr9t$ by ,broc>t at1 #ajj1 #bei ,cosmographia ( ,ptolemy1 initials f1 #bd1 #abg ---- ( ,seba/ian ,mun/]1 acc\nt ( ,psalt] initials 9 !1 #i ,cranm]1 ,ar*bi%op1 initial ) 8 arms1 #ajh;c1 #bgi ,cromb]g]1 ,j41 initials us$ by1 #bef ,cross-hat*+1 inv5tion (1 #bj ,cunn+ham1 ,william1 initials 9 8 ,cosmographical ,glasse1 #ajh;c1 #bgi ,curio1 ,val5t91 initials us$ by1 at ,basle1 #cf1 #adj sq4 ,dance ( ,dea? alphabets us$ at ,basle1 #acg ---- ---- alphabet1 ,/rasburg copies (1 #cc1 #ach ---- ---- alphabet 9 books publi%$ at ,/ella1 #ih1 #beg ,dante1 praises ,fr5* m9iaturi/s1 #c ,day1 ,john1 initials us$ by1 #ajh;c1 #bgh sq4 ,delft1 initial us$ by ,jacob van d] ,me] at1 #ajb1 #bfj ,deuts*] ,kal5d]1 initials f1 #dd ,d9ckmut1 ,conrad1 initial & bord] f ,donatus pr9t$ by1 #ab1 #aaa ,doctr9al de ,sapi5ce1 initial f title-page (1 #ec1 #afc ,donatus1 ,aelius1 ,lat9 prim] (1 #d ---- initial f edition (1 by ,qu5tell1 #ab ---- ) ,psalt] initials attribut$ to ,gut5b]g 7#adef71 #i ---- initial f xylographic impression by ,d9ckmut1 #ab1 #aaa ,dra*1 ,pet]1 initials 9 r$ f missal ( ,spires pr9t$ by1 #ajc1 #bfc ,dresd51 initial us$ at1 #bgj ,dupr1 ,jean1 ornam5tal lett]s 9 ! ,vies des ,anci5s ,sa9cts ,pres (1 #hb ,dr]1 ,alb]t1 makes innovation 9 engrav+1 #bj ---- ---- ornam5tal lett]s attribut$ to1 #eb1 #afh sq4 ,elizabe?1 ,que51 portrait-initial (1 #ajh;c1 #bhj ,engli% copies ( initials by ,k]v]1 #bda ,erasmus1 ,desid]ius1 initial ) portrait (1 #gh1 #baa ,essl+51 initials 9 works pr9t$ at1 #df ,e/i5ne1 ,h41 initials f "w publi%$ by1 #hf1 #bcb ,etymologicum ,magnum ( ,calli]ges1 col\r$ initials 9 !1 #aa ,eusebio di ,com5to1 initials f ,salamanca edition (1 #if1 #bhh ,ex-libris1 initial =m+1 f book pr9t$ at ,p>is1 #hc ,fabio1 ,jacopo1 my?ological lett]s 9 works publi%$ by1 #ha1 #bbe ,f]r>a1 alphabet ( initials f "w ( ,joh4 ,philippus ,b]gom5sis pr9t$ at1 #fi1 #aij ---- initials f ,missale ,c>?usi5se (1 #fi1 #aia sq4 ,f91 ,oronce1 initial ) portrait (1 #hg ,fool1 fir/ engrav+ ( a1 9 a woodcut bord]1 #bc ---- fir/ example ( !1 9 woodcut initials1 #ag ---- 9 *ur* ar*itecture & e>ly book ornam5tation1 #bc ,=e/i]1 ,jacques1 specim5s ( alphabets us$ 9 a ,comm9es pr9t$ by1 #ic1 #bdh ,=ms*neid]1 opposition (1 to ! use ( woodcut initials1 #ae ,fossombrone1 initials 9 "w publi%$ by ,ottaviano dei ,petrucci (1 #fg ,foxe1 ,john1 portrait-initial ( ,que5 ,elizabe?1 9 8 ,book ( ,m>tyrs1 #ajh;c1 #bhj ,frad91 ,franois1 *ildr5's alphabet us$ by1 #gh1 #baa ---- initials f ! ,regim5 ,sanitatis ( ,magn9i pr9t$ by1 #gg1 #bji ,frank1 ,hans1 initial sign$ by1 #ha ,friburg5sis1 ,johann1 ,summa ,confessorum1 ,augsburg1 ,g4 ,za9] 7#adgf71 initials us$ 91 #ae1 #aaa ,frisn] & ,s5s5s*midt1 initials f f\r? ,g]man ,bible by1 #bf1 #abi sqq4 ,frob51 ,johann1 initials ( ,holbe9 9 works by1 #cg ,fros*\]1 ,johann1 initials 9 books pr9t$ at ,zuri* by1 #ch1 #ade ,frt]1 ,mi*ael1 initials f books pr9t$ by1 #ca1 #ace ,fu/1 ,johann1 association (1 ) ,s*eff]1 #f ,gal51 initials f ,basle edition (1 #aci1 #adb ,gelli1 ,r51 initials 9 ,greek lexicon (1 #adb ,g5eva1 l>ge calligraphic initials f books pr9t$ at1 #ec1 #afc ---- o!r initials us$ at1 #afd ,g]+1 ,ulri*4 ,see ,rembolt & ,g]+4 ,ghotan1 ,b>?olomew1 initials us$ by1 at ,lbeck1 #dj1 #adg sqq4 ,giunta1 ,lucantonio di1 initials f missals & brevi>ies pr9t$ by1 #ei1 #aga sqq41 #agf sqq4 ,g\da1 initials us$ by ,godfrid de ,os at1 #aja1 #ajh;b1 #bfj ,graf1 ,urs1 initials by1 #acf ,gregoriis1 ,g4 & ,j4 de1 initials f ,h]odotus & o!r works pr9t$ by1 #ei1 #ahc sq4 ,grotesque1 !1 9 book ornam5tation1 #hg ---- pr(iles1 e>lie/ example (1 #af ,grn+]1 ,johann1 initials f works pr9t$ by1 #df-dg1 #dh1 #afj sq4 ,gut5b]g1 ,johann1 inv5tion ( pr9t+ by1 #f ,gut5b]g ,bible sold by ,s*eff] z a manuscript1 #h ,gutne*t1 ,jodocus1 initials 9 ,missale ,patavi5se (1 #bh1 #acb1 #acc ,gyff]1 ,hans1 ( ,silg5/at1 initials f works publi%$ at ,salamanca by1 #if1 #bhh ,gymnicus1 ,j41 alphabets 9 works pr9t$ by1 #ec1 #afg ,hag5au1 initials ( ,b5$ict9e missal pr9t$ at1 #ajd1 #bfd sq4 ---- initials f ,pl9ius pr9t$ by ,?omas ,anselm at1 #ajd1 #bgc ,halle's ,*ronicle1 initials 91 #ajh;c1 #bgi ,h>5tals1 ,petrus de1 initials us$ 9 an ,expositio ,psalt]ii by1 #bde ,he9ek51 ,c4 ,h4 von1 attributes ,psalt] initials to ,meyd5ba*1 #i ,h5ry ,,vii41 initial ) 8 arms1 #bgi ,h]aldic initials4 ,see ,initials1 ,armorial4 ,ho*ff$]1 ,gasp>d1 initial f ,psalt] ( ,metz pr9t$ by1 #ajf1 #bgb ,hoh5wang1 ,ludwig1 initials us$ by1 #aaf ,holbe91 ,ambrose1 initials by1 #add ---- ,hans1 alphabets (1 #cb1 #aci sqq4 ---- ---- *ildr5's alphabet by1 #ce1 #aci ---- ---- ,dance ( ,dea? alphabet by1 #cb1 #acg ---- ---- initial (1 9 books by ,val5t9e ,curio1 #cf ---- ---- mi/akes 9 anatomy1 #cd ---- ---- peasants' alphabet by1 #ce ---- ---- ! f\r ,greek initials f ! ,gal5 ( #aech1 #cf ,holl1 ,leon>d1 initials 9 "w pr9t$ by1 #bd1 #abg ,holtrop1 ,j4 ,w41 e>ly ,dut* initials copi$ f works publi%$ by1 #aja ,hongre1 ,pi]re1 initials f missal (1 #bjb sqq4 ,hopyl1 ,wolfgang1 initials us$ by1 #hf1 #bcb sq4 ,ho/+ue1 ,l41 & ,j4 ,loys1 initials f "w publi%$ by1 #ia1 #bej ,hupfuff1 ,m41 initials 9 works pr9t$ by1 #de ,husz1 ,ma?ieu1 initials us$ by1 at ,lyons1 #aig1 #aii ,imag9es ( ,v>ro1 describ$ by ,pl9y1 #b ,+old/adt1 initials ( ,m4 ,o/5dorf] us$ at1 #ajg ,initials1 an?ropomorphic1 ( ,/rasburg pr9t]s1 #de ---- armorial1 #he1 #ajh;c1 #bcj1 #bgi ---- col\r$1 us$ by ,roman copyi/s1 #a ---- f ! ,libro ,sotilissimo1 a typographical curiosity pr9t$ at ,/ella1 #ii ---- l>ge calligraphic1 on title-pages ( books pr9t$ at ,lyons1 #ge1 #bjj ---- my?ological1 #bbd sq4 ---- 9 m9ium or c9nab> ( six? c5tury1 #b ---- ( *equ] "w1 #c ---- resembl+ ,gallo-,frank jewell]y1 #c ---- vag>ies 9 use (1 #bd ,israel von ,meck51 initials by1 #bg ,italy1 influ5ce ( ,fr5* art 91 #c ,josephus1 initials f ,lbeck edition (1 #adf ,josse ,bade4 ,see ,bade4 ,kais]sp]g1 ,geyl] von1 initials 9 works (1 #df1 #di1 #afa sq4 ,kell]1 ,ambrose1 initials f works pr9t$ by1 #af-ag1 #aae ,k]v]1 ,?ielmann1 initials by1 #bda ,knoblo*tz]1 ,he9ri*1 initials f works pr9t$ by1 #dc1 #aee sq4 ,knobl\*1 ,johann1 initials 9 works pr9t$ by1 #df1 #ahi1 #bgb ,lecoq1 ,jean1 alphabet f ,la ,vie de ,monseigneur ,/4 ,b]n>d by1 #ia1 #bdd ---- lett]s ) grotesque pr(iles f diff]5t works pr9t$ by1 #ij1 #bdc ,leeu1 ,g]>d1 initials us$ by1 #ajb1 #bfa ,leice/]1 ,e>l (1 initial ) 8 arms1 #ajh;c1 #bgi ,l5oir1 ,philippe1 initials 9 works publi%$ by1 #hg1 #bcd1 #bcg1 #bda ,leo ! ,isaurian burns ! public libr>y1 #b ,l]\ges1 les1 initials f ,la ,?oison d',or pr9t$ by1 #ij1 #bdb ,l]oy1 ,guillaume1 initials us$ by1 #gc1 #aie sq4 ,le ,sign]re1 ,guillaume1 initials us$ by1 at ,saluzzo1 #ahi ,lettres p>lantes 9 ,lyons impression1 #ha ---- t\rneures fleuronnes us$ by ,l]oy 9 #adgi1 #gc ,lib] ,biblie ,moralis ( ,j4 ,za9]1 initials 91 #bc ,lilius1 ,za*>ias1 initials f ! ,brevi>ium ,orbis (1 #ahb ,limoges1 initials f missal pr9t$ at1 #id1 #beb ,locatellus1 ,bonetus1 initials us$ 9 works pr9t$ by1 #fj1 #agd sq4 ,l\va91 hi/oriat$ initial f fifte5?-c5tury missal pr9t$ at1 #ajb1 #bfa ,lbeck1 initials f works publi%$ at1 #ci1 #adf sqq4 ,lufft ( ,wittemb]g1 initials us$ by1 #aje1 #bgj ,ltzelb]g]1 ,hans1 ,dance ( ,dea? initials engrav$ by1 #acg ,lyons1 initials f books pr9t$ at1 #aid sqq4 ,lyons missals1 initials us$ 9 diff]5t1 #ge ---- copy ( ,cologne initial1 #afi ,macabre initials us$ at ,cologne1 #agj ,maiblm*5 or lily ( ! valley design 9 e>ly books1 #e ,ma9z4 ,see ,may5ce4 ,m>g>ita ,davitica1 initial ( ,g4 ,za9] f1 #af1 #aad ,m>riage lic5ce1 pictorial initial f1 #ajh1 #bgf ,m>t5s1 ,?i]ry1 initials us$ by1 #ajb1 #bfa ,ma?ieu ,husz & ,jean ,s*abel]1 initials us$ 9 ,boccaccio (1 #gd ,may5ce1 initial 9 ,erh>dt ,reuwi*'s ,breid5ba*1 #ac1 #aab ---- initial 9 ,s*eff]'s sop pr9t$ at1 #ac1 #aab ---- lat] ,s*eff] initial1 #bgc ,mazo*ius1 ,jacobus1 portrait ( ,ario/o 9 "w publi%$ by1 #fe1 #ahe ,m$ici1 ,cosmo de1 initial ) portrait (1 #fc1 #ahd ,m$itations ( ,/4 ,bridget1 initials f ,lbeck edition (1 #dj ,me]1 ,jacob van d]1 initials us$ by1 at ,delft1 #bfj ,melus9e1 initials f ,lyons edition (1 #aii ,milan1 initials f works pr9t$ at1 #gj1 #aib sq4 ---- initials f works pr9t$ by ,joannes de ,ca/ellione at1 #gj ,m9iatures 9 books ( ,a!ns & ,rome1 #b ---- 9 m$ival manuscripts1 #b ,mirabilia ,romae1 hi/oriat$ initial ( !1 #ab1 #aab ,missale ,atrebat5se1 initials f1 #bdf1 #bdg ---- ,bamb]g5se1 initials f ! edition by ,j4 ,pfeyl1 #aeb sq4 ---- ,b5$ict9um1 initials f ,hag5au edition (1 #bfd sqq4 ---- ,evangeli>e ( ,wittemb]g1 initials f1 #aje1 #bgj ---- ,olumuc5se1 col\r$ initials ( !1 #aa-da1 #aej sq4 ---- ,patavi5se1 pictorial initials f1 #acb sq41 #bga ---- ,vallisumbrose1 l>ge pictorial initials f1 #ei1 #agf sqq4 ,missals pr9t$ at ,lyons1 initials f1 #bja sqq41 #bje ---- pr9t$ at ,p>is1 #bcb sqq4 ---- pr9t$ at ,r\51 #bdg sq4 ,mod]nes1 ,jacques1 curi\s initial 9 "w on ,milit>y ,art pr9t$ by1 #ha1 #bbb ,monks1 ,iri% & ,anglo-,saxon1 celebrat$ = m9iatures & hi/oriations1 #b ,montfaucon1 alphabet ( animals (1 #c ,mor91 ,m>t91 calligraphic initial f missal pr9t$ by1 #ib1 #bdf ---- ---- initials f o!r works publi%$ by1 #ib-ic1 #bdf sq4 ,morton1 ,ar*bi%op1 initial ) 8 rebus1 #ajh;c1 #bgg ,moyl91 ,jean1 initials f 8 ,lat9 ,bible1 #gh1 #bab sq4 ,mll]1 ,johann1 or ,regiomontanus1 works by1 #be ,murr1 ,c4 ,g4 von1 & ! arti/ ( ! ,psalt] initials1 #aj ,n>di1 ,simeon1 initials f ,datus publi%$ by1 #fe1 #ahe sq4 ,naud1 ,gabriel1 accusation aga9/ ,s*eff]1 #h ,norm&ie1 ,c\/umi] de1 curi\s initials f a1 #ib1 #bej ,novesianus1 ,mel*ior1 imitations ( ,alphabet ( ,dea? 9 works pr9t$ by1 #ec ---- ---- o!r initials us$ by1 #afg ,nuremb]g1 curi\s "w attribut$ v>i\sly to ,/u*s1 ,z5+]1 & ,wagn] publi%$ at1 #bf1 #ed ---- initials f books pr9t$ at1 #abh sqq4 ,ornam5tation ( e>ly books1 #a ,oronce ,f94 ,see ,f94 ,ortu91 ,gasp>d1 initial f ,breid5ba*'s ,p]egr9ationes1 #ge1 #aih ,os1 ,godfrid de1 initials us$ by1 #bfj ,ot9o da ,pavia de la ,luna1 initials 9 ! ,vita di ,sancti ,padri (1 #fb1 #agi sq4 ,pa*el1 ,leon>d1 initials us$ by1 at ,milan1 #aic ,papillon1 ,j4 ,b4 ,m41 te/imony (1 conc]n+ ! arti/ ( ! ,psalt] initials1 #aj ,p>is1 r5[n$ = its manuscripts & copyi/s1 #c ---- initials us$ at1 #bbf sqq4 ,pavia1 initials us$ at1 #ahh ,pet]1 ,/41 portrait initial (1 #bgf ,petr>*1 initials f ,g]man translation ( 8 ,de rem$iis utriusque =tun1 by ,/eyn]1 #ba ,petri1 ,adam1 repetition ( same initial 9 books pr9t$ by1 #ca ---- ---- pilgrim initial us$ by1 #acf ,petro9e1 ,la vie et lg5de de ,mme4 ,/e41 initials f1 #ie1 #beb ,pfi/]1 ,alb41 impressions (1 resembl+ block-books1 #aa ,pflantzmann1 ,j41 initials f books pr9t$ by1 #af1 #aaf ,philip le ,bel1 portrait initial (1 #bfb ,philosoph]s1 alphabets (1 #ha1 #bbc sq4 ,pius ,,ii41 ,pope1 portrait initial (1 #ahd ,play+-c>ds1 me?od ( pr9t+1 #d ,pl5>ium1 initials us$ 9 ,/rasburg edition (1 #aeh ,pogge1 ,j4 ,f41 initials f edition (1 pr9t$ by ,knobl\*1 #df1 #aei ,poiti]s1 initials f books pr9t$ at1 #id1 #bea ,poly*rome initials 9 e>ly books1 #aa ,ponte1 ,got>dus de1 initials f ,vitruvius pr9t$ by1 #ahg ,p\llet1 ,j41 initials us$ by1 #bjd ,pre/re ,jehan1 hi/oriat$ initial f title-page (1 #gc1 #aie ---- ---- initials f ,p>is edition (1 #bcg ,propritaire1 initials f ,r\5 editions (1 #ib1 #bdi ---- lett]s f ,lyons edition (1 #gg1 #bjh ,prusz1 ,johann1 initials us$ by1 at ,/rasburg1 #df1 #aeh ,psalt] ( ,may5ce initials1 ,bodman hoaxes ,fis*] conc]n+1 #h ---- initials f ,furt]'s ,basle edition (1 #ace ---- initials f edition by ,j4 ,prusz ( ,/rasburg1 #df1 #aed ---- initials said to h be5 us$ by ,gut5b]g1 #h ---- op9ions z to ! initials (1 #g ,ptolemy1 initials f ,ulm edition ( ! ,cosmographia1 #bd1 #abg ,pynson1 ,ri*>d1 initials f 8 ,s>um ,missal1 #ajh;b1 #bgg ,quadragesimale ( ,grits*1 pictorial bord] ( !1 #bc ,qu5tell1 ,he9ri*1 initials f volumes pr9t$ by1 #ec1 #afe sq4 ,ratdolt1 ,erh>d1 initials f ,cal5d>ium ( ,j4 di ,mont]egio 7,johannes ,regiomontanus7 by1 #eg1 #aga ---- ---- initials 9 ,brev>ium ,con/anti5se ( #aeaf by1 #ai1 #abc ---- ---- initials 9 brevi>y by1 #ah1 #aba sq4 ---- ---- initials 9 psalt] ( #adii by1 #ah-ai1 #abb ---- ---- ,lat9 c\plet on1 #ai ,rationale ,dur&i1 ornam5t$ ) "s ( ! same initials z ,psalt] ( ,may5ce1 #aa ,reg]1 ,johann1 initials 9 works pr9t$ by1 #be1 #abh ,rembolt & ,g]+1 initials f volumes pr9t$ by1 #hc-hd1 #bbh sqq4 ,reutl+51 initials 9 works pr9t$ at1 #di1 #afb ,ri*>d de ,bury praises libr>ies ( ,p>is1 #c ,ri*el1 ,b]n>d1 initials f ,lat9 ,bible (1 #bi ,rome1 initials us$ at1 #ahe ,r\51 initials us$ at1 #aa1 #bde sqq4 ,royal lett]s design$ by ,ge(froy ,tory = ,rob]t ,e/i5ne1 #hi1 #bdj ,rudim5ta ,novitiorum1 initials f ,lbeck edition (1 #adf sq4 ,saccon1 ,jacques1 initials 9 ,catalogus ,sanctorum (1 #gh1 #bad sqq4 ---- ---- diff]5t initials 9 works pr9t$ by1 #hj1 #bja1 #bje1 #bji1 #bbb ,salamanca1 initials us$ at1 #beh ,saluzzo1 initials 9 ,aureum ,opus ( ,vivaldus pr9t$ by ,le ,sign]re at1 #fh1 #ahi ,s>um missal1 initials f ,pynson's edition (1 #ajh;b1 #bgg ,saxo ,grammaticus1 armorial initials f ,hi/ory ( ,d5m>k by1 #he1 #bcj ,s*abel]1 ,hans1 initials us$ by1 at ,lyons1 #aig ,s*ufele91 ,hans1 initials by1 #di ,s*eff]1 ,pet]1 association (1 ) ,fu/1 #f ---- ---- initials us$ by1 #ajg1 #aab1 #bgc ,s*i$am1 initial us$ by unkn[n pr9t] (1 #ajb1 #bfa ,s*le/adt1 initials ( ,pilgrim1 f book pr9t$ by ,laz>us ,s*ur] at1 #ajf ,sc9z5zell]1 ,ulr41 initials us$ by1 #aib ,s*nsp]g]1 ,johann1 initials f works pr9t$ by1 #af1 #aaf ,s*ott1 initials 9 works pr9t$ by1 #de1 #aeg ,sessa1 diff]5t initials met ) 9 impressions by1 #ei1 #aha ---- initials f ,ari/otle pr9t$ by1 #fb1 #agh ,seville1 initials f books pr9t$ by ,jacob ,cromb]g] at1 #ih ---- initials f book pr9t$ by ,juan de ,v>ila at1 #ih1 #bec ,si5na1 initials 9 books publi%$ at1 #fe-ff1 #ahe ,silb]1 ,eu*>ius1 ornam5tal lett] f book publi%$1 #fe1 #ahe ,sorg1 ,anton1 hi/oriat$ initials f ,das ,bu* das heisset d] ,seusse ( ,suso1 #ah1 #abj ---- ---- initials f works pr9t$ by1 #af-ag1 #aae1 #abj ,spani% initials1 #bec sqq4 ,speculum ,human ,salvationis1 a transition f xylography to pr9t+1 #d ,spires1 initials us$ at1 #bfc ,/amps us$ = apply+ initials by e>ly copyi/s1 #d ,/atuta ,synodalia1 alphabet us$ 9 ! ,troyes edition (1 #gc1 #bdc ,/ella1 copies ( ! ,alphabet ( ,dea? us$ by ,adrian ,anv]ez at1 #ii1 #beg ,/eyn]1 ,he9ri*1 initials 9 works publi%$ by1 #bj1 #abd sq4 ,/rasburg1 initials us$ at1 #aed sqq4 ,summa ,confessorum1 initials ( !1 #ae-af1 #aac ,suso1 ,h5ricus1 initials f ,das ,bu* das heisset d] ,seusse1 #abj ,sweynheim & ,pann>tz1 initial f ! ,suetonius (1 #fe1 #ahe ,!oricae ,novae1 initial f1 #be ,tibullus quot$1 #a ,topie1 ,mi*el1 initial f ,m] des ,hy/oires (1 #ge1 #aih ,tory1 ,ge(froy1 initials f missal attribut$ to1 #hh1 #bce sq4 ---- ---- royal lett]s attribut$ to1 #bdj ,t\l\se1 initial us$ at1 #beb ,trepp]el1 ,jean1 grotesque initials 9 books publi%$ by1 #hc1 #bbg ,trepp]el1 initials f ,j>d9 de ,sant (1 #hf1 #bca ,trid9o1 ,tacu9us de1 initials 9 works publi%$ by1 #fj1 #agd ,troyes1 initials us$ at1 #bdb sqq4 ,ulm1 initial ) bord] f ,donatus pr9t$ at1 #ab1 #aaa ---- initials f o!r works pr9t$ at1 #abf sqq4 ,val]ius ,maximus ( ,sorg1 initials f1 #ag ,v>ila1 ,juan de1 initial us$ by1 #bec ,vascosan1 ,mi*ael1 initials by1 #bci ,v5ice1 initials f works publi%$ at1 #ee1 #aga sqq4 ,vr>d1 ,anto9e1 calligraphic initial f ! ,j>d9 de ,sant (1 #hb1 #bbf ,v]ona1 ornam5tal lett] f book pr9t$ at1 #gj1 #ahi ,vesalius1 initials ( ,van ,calc> 9 ,anatomy (1 #cg1 #add sq4 ,vic5za1 example ( typographic ecc5tricities 9 "w pr9t$ at1 #ga1 #ahi ,vi5na1 initials f ,missale ,patavi5se pr9t$ by ,j4 ,w9t]b]g] (1 #ajf1 #bga ,virgil1 ! ,vatican copy describ$ by ,m4 ,pi]re de ,nolhac1 #b ,vita di ,sancti ,padri1 initials f !1 ( ,ot9o da ,pavia de la ,luna1 #fb1 #agi sq4 ,vitali1 ,b]n>d9o1 alphabet by1 us$ 9 publications by ,sessa1 #fj ,vitruvius1 initials f ,como edition (1 #ahg ,wal!r1 ,h41 initials f ,madgeburg ,bible pr9t$ by1 #ajg1 #bgc ,weiditz1 ,hans1 initials attribut$ to1 by ,dr4 ,h4 ,rtt+]1 #bj1 #eb1 #abd sq4 ,w9t]b]g]1 ( ,vi5na1 initials us$ by1 #bga ,wittemb]g1 apocalyptic initials f ! ,missale ,evangeli>e pr9t$ at1 #aje1 #bgj ,wohlgemu?1 ,m41 8 new te*nical me?ods1 #bj ,worde1 ,wynkyn de1 initial us$ by1 #bgg ,worms1 ,anton von1 *ildr5's alphabets design$ by1 #ec ,za9]1 ,gn!r1 fir/ us$ woodcut initials at ,augsburg1 #ae ---- ---- examples ( 8 lett]s1 #aac sq41 #aah sq4 ---- ,johann1 ( ,ulm1 initials 9 ,boccaccio (1 #bb1 #abf ,zamora1 initials f ,compilacion de ,leyes pr9t$ at1 #if1 #bee ,z>otus1 ,antonius1 initials us$ by1 at ,milan1 #aic ,zodiac1 initials repres5t+ ! signs ( !1 #hg ,zuri*1 initials 9 books publi%$ by ,fros*\] (1 #ch1 #ade ,,f9is ,illu/ration3 ,,ed9burgh3 ,t4 ,,& ,a4 ,,con/able ,,pr9t]s ,,to ,,8 ,,maje/y3 ,,mcmviii ,transcrib]'s ,notes ,! spell+1 capitalisation & hyph5ation ( ! s\rce docum5t h be5 reta9$ 7includ+ ^? 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