,field ,book ,,p5nsylvanian ,,plant ,,fossils ,,( ,,ill9ois ,*>les ,coll9son ,romayne ,sk>tv$t ,ill9ois ,/ate ,geological ,survey ,educational ,s]ies #f ,illu/ration3 uncaption$ ,,/ate ,,( ,,ill9ois ,,dep>tm5t ,,( ,,regi/ration ,,& ,,education ,fir/ edition #aifj ,repr9t$ #aiff ,,ill9ois ,,/ate ,,geological ,,survey ,,urbana ,,ill9ois ,john ,c4 ,frye1 ,*ief ,pr9t$ by ,au?ority ( ,/ate ( ,ill9ois1 ,*4 #abg1 ,,irs1 ,p>4 #eh4be4 ,field ,book ,,p5nsylvanian ,,plant ,,fossils ,,( ,,ill9ois ,*>les ,coll9son ,romayne ,sk>tv$t ,illu/ration3 uncaption$ ,illu/rations by ,m>ie ,e4 ,litt]] ,,=eword ,illu/ration3 ,illum9at$ ,t ,?is field book is int5d$ to guide beg9n]s 9 _! collection & g5]al classification ( plant fossils4 ,x illu/rates ! plant fossils mo/ commonly f\nd 9 ,ill9ois & relates !m to ! plants ( :i* !y 7 a "p4 ,a li/ ( publications t w furni% m detail$ id5tification ( specim5s is includ$4 ,! book has be5 prep>$ 9 response to num]\s inquiries to ! ,ill9ois ,/ate ,geological ,survey f amateur collectors4 ,in=mation has be5 drawn f num]\s s\rces4 ,! works ( ,hirm]1 ,janss51 ,lesqu]eux1 ,no1 & ,lang=d h be5 p>ticul>ly useful4 ,we are especially indebt$ to ,dr4 ,rob]t ,m4 ,kosanke1 paleobotani/ at ! ,ill9ois ,/ate ,geological ,survey1 & ,dr4 ,wilson ,n4 ,/ew>t1 pr(essor ( botany ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,ill9ois1 = helpful sugge/ions & use ( _! libr>ies4 ,,key ,,to ,,plants ,,illu/rat$ ,,on ,,"t ,,*>t #a4 ,fo]/ia4 ,^! fossils may be ! e>lie/ kn[n occurr5ce ( bryophytes1 al?\gh "s au?ors h ref]r$ !m to ! br[n algae4 ,aft] ,dawson4 #b4 ,psilophyton4 ,a primitive vascul> plant4 ,aft] ,dawson4 #c4 ,lepidod5dron4 ,aft] ,hirm]4 #d4 ,sigill>ia4 ,aft] ,hirm]4 #e4 ,calamites4 ,aft] ,hirm]4 #f4 ,sph5ophyllum4 ,aft] ,full] & ,tippo4 #g4 ,equisetum4 ,! only liv+ g5us ( sc\r+ ru%es4 ,aft] ,full] & ,tippo4 #h4 ,megaphyton4 ,an anci5t true f]n4 ,aft] ,hirm]4 #i4 ,mod]n tropical tree f]n4 ,aft] ,full] & ,tippo4 #aj4 ,m$ullosa4 ,an anci5t se$ f]n4 ,aft] ,/ew>t4 #aa4 ,williamsonia4 ,an ext9ct cycad-l tree4 ,aft] ,sahni4 #ab4 ,cycas4 ,a mod]n cycad4 ,aft] ,*amb]la94 #ac4 ,bai]a4 ,a fossil leaf g5us ( g9kgo1 ^: only liv+ repres5tative is ! species ,g9kgo biloba1 sav$ f ext9ction by c>eful cultivation 9 ,*9a4 ,sev]al specim5s ( ?is 8liv+ fossil0 7 pres5t$ to ?is c\ntry by ! ,*9ese & are n[ fl\ri%+ on _m college campuses1 includ+ t ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,ill9ois4 ,aft] ,mgdefrau4 #ad4 ,cordaites4 ,aft] ,gr& ,eury4 #ae4 ,leba*ia4 ,a 8transition conif]10 =]unn] ( pres5t day conif]s4 ,aft] ,mgdefrau4 #af4 ,p9us4 ,mod]n p9e4 ,aft] ,mgdefrau4 #ag4 ,ac]4 ,common maple1 an angiosp]m ^: leaves are also f\nd among ,t]ti>y fossils4 ,aft] ,mgdefrau4 #ah4 ,rosa4 ,! prairie rose1 an angiosp]m4 #ai4 ,campsis4 ,trumpet v9e1 an angiosp]m4 ,illu/ration3 ,geologic ,"t ,*>t ,"t ,units ,era & ,ye>s ,,c5ozoic 8,rec5t ,life0 ,plei/oc5e ,plioc5e ,mioc5e ,oligoc5e ,eoc5e ,paleoc5e ,,mesozoic 8,middle ,life0 ,cretace\s #gj million h]bace\s lycopods ,jurassic #be million yell[-gre5 algae selag9ellids ,triassic #cj million cycad-l plants ,equisetum ,,paleozoic 8,anci5t ,life0 ,p]mian #be million transition conif]s p9es1 spruces1 firs1 etc4 ,equisetites ,p5nsylvanian #be million f]ns relat$ to mod]n families bryophytes ,mississippian #cj million se$ f]ns calamites cycads ,devonian #ee million cordaites sph5ophyllids anci5t f]ns ,silurian #dj million psitopsids ,fo]/ia ,ordovician #hj million r$ algae gre5 algae ,cambrian #hj million ,,prot]ozoic & ,,ar*aeozoic ,,eras #d billion ye>s blue-gre5 algae *emosyn!tic bact]ia8 ,,no ,,c]ta9 ,,fossils ,,kn[n ,plants ,algae yell[-gre5 algae br[n algae r$ algae gre5 algae blue-gre5 algae ,mosses bryophytes ,fo]/ia ,vascul> ,plants 8,:isk ,f]ns0 psitopsids ,club-mosses scale & seal trees quillworts h]bace\s lycopods ,sc\r+ ,ru%es1 ,horsetails ,equisetites ,equisetum calamites selag9ellids ,f]ns & ,se$ ,plants ,f]ns anci5t f]ns f]ns relat$ to mod]n families ,gymnosp]ms ,cycads se$ f]ns cycads cycad-l plants ,g9kgo ,conif]s cordaites transition conif]s p9es1 spruces1 firs1 etc4 ,fl[]+ ,plants ,field ,book ,,p5nsylvanian ,,plant ,,fossils ,,( ,,ill9ois ,*>les ,coll9son & ,romayne ,sk>tv$t ,illu/ration3 ,illum9at$ ,p ,plants t fl\ri%$ #bjj million ye>s ago h made ,ill9ois "o ( ! be/ kn[n fossil collect+ sites 9 ! _w4 ,! unusual abundance & pres]vation ( ^! fossils 9 ! nor!rn "p ( ! /ate h br\ght collectors to ,ill9ois f _m c\ntries1 & priz$ specim5s f t area may be se5 9 sci5ce museums ?r\gh\t ! _w4 ,! rem>kable fossils repres5t plants t liv$ dur+ ! geologic p]iod call$ ! ,p5nsylvanian or ,coal ,age & are ! result ( special geologic conditions t occurr$ repeat$ly dur+ ! p]iod4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( ! ,p5nsylvanian ,p]iod1 ,ill9ois 0 "p ( a va/ l[l& t /ret*$ = hundr$s ( miles to ! nor?1 s\?1 & we/1 & 0 bord]$ on ! ea/ by highl&s4 ,at times mu* ( ! pla9 0 swampy &1 because ! climate 0 relatively w>m & moi/1 great jungles ( fa/ gr[+ trees1 %rubs1 & v9es cov]$ ! l&scape4 ,z successive g5]ations ( plants liv$ & di$1 plant mat]ial fell into ! swamp wat]s &1 protect$ !re f decay1 accumulat$4 ,frequ5tly dur+ ! p]iod1 seas spread ov] ! swampy l[l&s1 subm]g+ ! =e/s & cov]+ !m ) mud4 ,ea* subm]g5ce la/$ only a %ort "t1 geologically speak+4 ,:5 ! seas )drew1 ! deposits ( s& & mud left beh9d 7 cut by /reams t c>ri$ fre% s& & mud f ! ea/]n highl&s4 ,! /reams ev5tually became clogg$ ) s$im5ts & :5 ! l[l& 0 aga9 depress$ swamp conditions return$ & =e/s grew afre%4 ,su* a cycle ( deposition 0 repeat$ aga9 & aga9 dur+ ,p5nsylvanian "t1 & aft] burial ea* lay] ( plant mat]ial gradually lo/ mo/ ( its liquids & gases & 0 sl[ly conv]t$ into "o ( ! num]\s coal b$s pres5tly f\nd 9 ,ill9ois4 ,illu/ration3 ,recon/ruction ( ,p5nsylvanian ,coal-=m+ ,swamp ,9 "s places 9 ! /ate conditions exi/$ t 7 especially favorable = pres]vation ( plants1 & !re delicately pres]v$ fossils are f\nd 9 great numb]s4 ,9 ! mo/ favorable areas1 su* z 9 nor!rn ,ill9ois1 ! plants are pres]v$ 9 /ony nodules call$ concretions1 b !y also may be f\nd sep>ately z molds1 ca/s1 or petrifactions4 ,molds 7concave surfaces7 & ca/s 7convex surfaces7 are fossilization ph5om5a 9 :i* ! actual plant1 emb$d$ 9 ! surr\nd+ backgr\nd rock1 0 dissolv$1 leav+ a holl[ space 7mold7 t subsequ5tly fill$ ) o!r mat]ial4 ,a ca/ 0 ?us =m$ t pres]v$ ! plant's ext]nal features4 ,mo/ petrifactions are fossils 9 :i* silica1 c>bonate1 or o!r mat]ial p]meat$ or replac$ ! int]nal /ructures ( ! plant & pres]v$ !m s well t 9 mo/ specim5s ! f9e/ cellul> details c be obs]v$4 ,compressions1 ano!r k9d ( petrifaction1 are ! press$ c>boniz$ rema9s ( ! plant itself4 ,,p5nsylvanian ,,flora ,illu/ration3 ,aph?oroblatt9a ,illu/ration3 ,t5eopt]on ,! f>-rea*+ ,p5nsylvanian swampl&s _h abundant species ( trees & o!r plants t long s9ce h become ext9ct4 ,today's common decidu\s trees 7 n pres5t2 fl[]+ plants _h n yet evolv$4 ,in/ead1 ! tangl$ =e/s 7 dom9at$ by giant ance/ors ( pres5tly exi/+ club-mosses1 horsetails1 f]ns1 conif]s1 & cycads4 ,! und]gr[? also 0 well develop$1 consi/+ ma9ly ( f]ns1 f]nlike plants1 ,sph5ophyllum1 & small club-mosses4 ,! plant fossils give no indication ( seasonal v>iations4 ,! =e/s1 evid5tly always gre51 grew rapidly & abundantly1 ) foliage ( unprec$5t$ size & luxuriance4 ,l& animals 7 j beg9n+ to develop & includ$ sluggi%1 salam&]-l amphibians1 l>ge primitive insects1 & a few small reptiles4 ,! insects fl\ri%$ z nev] be=e or s9ce 9 ! damp =e/s & atta9$ rem>kable size4 ,insects m ?an f\r in*es long 7 common & "s are kn[n to h be5 m ?an a foot long ) a w+spread proportionately broad4 ,ance/ors ( ! mod]n spid]s1 scorpions1 c5tip$es 7"o fossil f\nd 9 ,ill9ois 0 twelve in*es long71 cockroa*es1 & dragonflies are repres5t$ by sev]al hundr$ species4 ,! fossiliz$ plants ( ,p5nsylvanian "t belong$ to only a few ma9 categories3 scale & seal trees1 anci5t sc\r+ ru%es 7horsetails71 h]bace\s ,sph5ophyllum1 f]ns1 se$ f]ns1 & cordaitean trees4 ,,scale ,,& ,,seal ,,trees 7,plate #a7 ,scale & seal trees 7 abundant dur+ ! ,p5nsylvanian ,p]iod & 7 important contributors to coal b$s4 ,al?\gh di/antly relat$ to ! dim9utive club-mosses & gr\nd p9es ( ! pres5t1 ! trees grew on /raight1 sl5d] trunks to heights ( m ?an a hundr$ feet4 ,illu/ration3 ,recon/ruction ( ,lepidod5dron 7aft] ,hirm]7 ,scale trees 7 s call$ because _! num]\s1 closely set1 spirally arrang$ leaves left sc>r$ 8cu%ions0 on ! bran*es & trunk1 mak+ !m appe> scaly4 ,seal trees d]iv$ _! "n f ! signetlike appe>ance ( _! leaf cu%ions4 ,! two be/ kn[n types belong to ! g5]a ,lepidod5dron 7scale tree7 & ,sigill>ia 7seal tree71 & fossils ( bo? are common 9 ,ill9ois4 ,lepidod5dron _h long1 sl5d]1 some:at tap]+ trunks4 ,"s ( ! trees rea*$ heights ( m ?an #ajj feet & measur$ m ?an two feet 9 basal diamet]4 ,! trunk end$ 9 a spread+ cr[n =m$ by repeat$ di*otom\s bran*+4 ,! leaves 7 awl-%ap$ or l9e>1 rang+ f "o to #cj in*es long4 ,! leaf cu%ions ( ,lepidod5dron are diamond-%ap$1 long] ?an broad1 & arrang$ 9 spiral r[s ar\nd ! trunk & bran*es4 ,a diff]5t "n1 ,lepidophyllum1 is us$ = fossils ( ! long1 bladelike leaf :5 x is f\nd deta*$4 ,spores 7 borne 9 long cyl9drical cones at ! tips ( ! bran*es4 ,^? cones ref]r$1 or assign$1 to ! g5us ,lepido/robus bore bo? small spores 7microspores7 & l>ge spores 7megaspores7 9 ! same cones4 ,^? 9 :i* only a l>ge s+le spore1 a some:at se$like /ructure1 0 develop$ 9 a spore sac 7sporangium7 are ref]r$ to ! g5us ,lepidoc>pon4 ,! r commonly f\nd g5us ,/igm>ia comprises s-call$ 8app5dages0 :i*1 al?\gh /emlike 9 /ructure1 app>5tly s]v$ z roots = ! scale & seal trees4 ,^! app5dages are id5tifi$ by irregul> spirals ( circul> sc>s 7pits7 t m>k ! atta*m5t po9ts ( =m] rootlets4 ,illu/ration3 ,recon/ruction ( ,sigill>ia 7aft] ,hirm]7 ,sigill>ia1 al?\gh less common ?an ,lepidod5dron1 0 widely di/ribut$ dur+ ! ,p5nsylvanian ,p]iod4 ,x diff]$ 9 gr[? habit f ,lepidod5dron 9 t x g5]ally _h few] bran*es & n uncommonly 0 unbran*$4 ,"s species also possess$ a ?ick] trunk1 ) hexagonal to elongate leaf cu%ions sep>at$ by v]tical ribs4 ,! trunk 0 cr[n$1 9 ! mann] ( ! mod]n palm tree1 by a clu/] ( l>ge1 grasslike leaves4 ,! deta*$ leaves ( ,sigill>ia1 extremely difficult to di/+ui% f ,lepidophyllum 7leaves ( ,lepidod5dron71 are ref]r$ to ! g5us ,sigill>iophyllum if pres]v$ z compressions & to ,sigill>iopsis if pres]v$ z petrifactions4 ,unbran*$ ,sigill>ia trunks h be5 f\nd t are m ?an #ajj feet long & six feet 9 diamet] ne> ! base1 b ! av]age height probably 0 clos] to #ej feet4 ,illu/ration3 ,recon/ruction ( ,calamites 7,aft] ,hirm]7 ,n all ,p5nsylvanian trees 7 l>ge1 h[ev]4 ,small =ms are kn[n1 includ+ ! important und]gr[? g5]a ,lycopodites & ,selag9ellites4 ,9 woody types ! trunk consi/$ ( an inn] region ( conduct+ & support+ tissues1 surr\nd+ conc5tric cortical lay]s1 & an out] lay] ( corklike b>k4 ,al?\gh ! fossil impressions ( ! v>i\s b>k lay]s h be5 giv5 sep>ate g5]ic names1 ^! are n commonly us$4 ,,sc\r+ ,,ru%es 7,plate #b7 ,al?\gh relat$ to ! small1 inconspicu\s horsetails ( today1 ! anci5t sc\r+ ru%es ( ! ,p5nsylvanian ,p]iod grew to ! size ( trees & 7 among ! mo/ widely di/ribut$ plant gr\ps4 ,"s ( ^! plants atta9$ heights ( #dj feet or m1 b ! av]age 0 clos] to #bj feet4 ,! trunks 7 jo9t$ & bore a :orl ( bran*es at ! jo9ts 7nodes74 ,_! small leaves also grew 9 :orls at nodes along ! small] bran*es4 ,int]nodal regions 7 ribb$ 9 ! same mann] z pres5t day horsetails4 ,fossils ( ! trunks are assign$ to ! g5us ,calamites & q commonly are pres]v$ 9 s&/one & %ale4 ,! leaf :orls are plac$ 9 ! g5us ,annul>ia4 ,"o =m commonly f\nd 9 ,ill9ois has long1 po9t$1 ne$lelike leaves & is giv5 ! "n ,a/]ophyllites4 ,calamo/a*ys1 %[n on plate #e1 is "o ( ! mo/ common calamite cones4 ,,sph5ophyllum 7,plate #b7 ,! "n ,sph5ophyllum ref]s to bo? /ems & leaves ( ?is ext9ct g5us1 :i* 0 relat$ to ! sc\r+ ru%es--note its resemblance to ,annul>ia4 ,a small h]bace\s plant1 ,sph5ophyllum =m$ mu* ( ! swampy und]gr[? ( ! ,p5nsylvanian ,p]iod & is abundant among ,ill9ois fossils4 ,x _h a sl5d]1 ribb$ /em be>+ :orls ( delicate1 w$ge-%ap$ leaves1 g5]ally less ?an ?ree-f\r?s ( an in* long1 atta*$ ar\nd ! /em 9 multiples ( ?ree4 ,! cones ( ?is gr\p also are sl5d]1 delicate /ructures1 be>+ a numb] ( sporangia1 & are correctly call$ ,b[manites1 al?\gh !y also h be5 call$ ,sph5ophyllo/a*ys4 ,^! fossil cones frequ5tly are f\nd 9 ,ill9ois4 ,sph5ophyllum fir/ appe>$ dur+ ! ,devonian ,p]iod1 "s #cjj million ye>s ago1 b did n become abundant until ,p5nsylvanian "t4 ,! g5us cont9u$ ?r\gh ! ,p]mian b di$ out 9 ,triassic "t4 ,,f]ns 7,plates #a & #c7 ,true f]ns1 l ^? liv+ 9 today's woodl&s1 7 common 9 ! ,p5nsylvanian =e/s4 ,"s species atta9$ heights ( #cj to #dj feet4 ,_! fronds 7comp\nd leaves divid$ into segm5ts or leaflets7 commonly 7 five to six feet long4 ,illu/ration3 ,portion ( f]n frond %[+ sori on l[] side ( leaflets ,true f]ns d n produce cones or se$s1 b spores1 :i* develop 9 cases call$ sporangia4 ,! sporangia frond %[+ are atta*$ 9 clu/]s 7sori7 to ! l[] side or m>g9s ( ! leaves4 ,9 mod]n f]ns ! sporangia may also occur on f]tile spikes4 ,! %ape & position ( ! sori are us$ to id5tify mod]n f]ns1 b because leaves t be> sori 78f]tile0 leaves7 are r>e among fossil specim5s1 ! numb]1 %ape1 & atta*m5t ( ! leaflets & ! patt]n ( ! ve9s are m commonly us$ = id5tification4 ,illu/ration3 ,recon/ruction ( ,megaphyton 7aft] ,hirm]7 ,because fossils ( complete f]n plants h n yet be5 f\nd1 sep>ate names h be5 adopt$ = deta*$ leaves1 /ems1 & o!r p>ts4 ,= example1 ! fossil /ems ( "s ,p5nsylvanian f]ns f\nd 9 ,ill9ois h be5 ref]r$ to two g5]a1 ,megaphyton1 ^: leaf atta*m5t sc>s are arrang$ 9 two v]tical r[s1 "o on ei!r side ( ! /em1 & ,caulopt]is1 ^: leaf sc>s are arrang$ 9 a /eep spiral t becomes progressively flatt] upw>d until ne> ! top !y appe> to be :orl$4 ,:5 ! /em is a petrifaction1 ) int]nal /ructures pres]v$1 x is call$ ,ps>onius4 ,! fronds are ref]r$ to a numb] ( g5]a1 b ^? mo/ commonly f\nd 9 ,ill9ois are ,pecopt]is1 ,a/]o!ca1 & ,pty*oc>pus4 ,illu/ration3 ,v5ation ( se$ f]n leaflets ,pecopt]is ,a/]o!ca ,pty*oc>pus ,,se$ ,,f]ns 7,plate #d7 ,se$ f]ns resembl$ true f]ns 9 g5]al1 b !y produc$ se$s1 borne on modifi$ leaves4 ,:]e spore sacs & se$s are abs5t1 ! leaves ( se$ f]ns are difficult to di/+ui% f ^? ( spore f]ns1 al?\gh individual se$ f]n leaflets1 call$ p9nae1 are some:at l>g]4 ,illu/ration3 ,m$ullosa ,recon/ruction & orig9al draw+ by ,wilson ,n4 ,/ew>t ,se$ f]ns includ$ v9elike plants 9 ! und]gr[? & trees su* z ,m$ullosa4 ,"s tree g5]a 7 v tall1 ) trunks m ?an two feet 9 diamet]4 ,unlike ! true f]ns1 /ill liv+ today1 se$ f]ns decl9$ /eadily aft] ! close ( ! ,p5nsylvanian ,p]iod & f9ally became ext9ct dur+ ,jurassic "t4 ,dur+ ,p5nsylvanian "t1 h[ev]1 !y 7 mu* m num]\s & v>i$ ?an true f]ns4 ,illu/ration3 ,v5ation ( se$ f]n leaflets ,ale?opt]is ,odontopt]is ,m>iopt]is ,neuropt]is ,l9opt]is ,mo/ ( ! common se$ f]ns f\nd z fossils 9 ,ill9ois c be ref]r$ to ! foll[+ leaf g5]a3 ,ale?opt]is1 ,neuropt]is1 ,odontopt]is1 ,l9opt]is1 ,m>iopt]is 7:i* may be a true f]n71 ,cyclopt]is1 & ,spiropt]is4 ,cyclopt]is includes circul> leaves t occurr$ at ! base ( leaves ref]able to ,neuropt]is4 ,spiropt]is includes "y leaves t _h n yet uncoil$ & may belong to ei!r true f]ns or se$ f]ns4 ,,cordaites 7,plates #a & #b7 ,illu/ration3 ,recon/ruction ( ,cordaites 7aft] ,hirm]7 ,cordaitean trees1 =]unn]s ( mod]n conif]s su* z p9e & spruce1 7 important dur+ ! ,p5nsylvanian ,p]iod = !y 7 di/ribut$ ?r\gh\t ! _w4 ,^! trees1 among ! talle/ plants ( ! "t1 sometimes grew m ?an #ajj feet high4 ,! cordaitean trunk 0 unbran*$ = ?ree-f\r?s ( ! height ( ! tree & 0 topp$ by d5se bran*es be>+ l>ge1 simple1 /raplike leaves spirally arrang$4 ,! leaves _h closely set p>allel ve9s & measur$ f half an in* to ?ree feet or m long4 ,int]nally1 ! /ructure ( ! trunks 0 simil> to t ( mod]n p9e trunks4 ,ca/s ( ! pi? are ref]r$ to ! g5us ,artisia4 ,! se$s 7 borne 9 clu/]s on bran*es 9 leaf axils4 ,! ,cordaites 7 major contributors to "s coal b$s4 ,,fruit+ ,,bodies 7,plate #e7 ,fossils repres5t+ _m k9ds ( plant reproductive /ructures are f\nd 9 ,p5nsylvanian rocks1 b un=tunately mo/ ( !m are n atta*$ to any id5tifiable "p ( ! p>5t plant & !y _c be assign$ def9itely to a p>ticul> plant4 ,su* fossils are ref]r$ to g5]a & species solely on ! basis ( _! own *>act]i/ics1 al?\gh1 z 9 o!r fossil classifications1 su* 8=m g5]a0 are presum$ to be p>ts (1 or relat$ to1 ! plants ) :i* !y are f\nd 9 habitual association4 ,a few su* fossils1 fairly common 9 ,ill9ois1 are illu/rat$ on plate #e to %[ _! g5]al %ape & size4 ,:5 atta*$ to an id5tifiable leaf or leaflet1 ! se$ is ref]r$ to z ! se$ ( t leaf g5us4 ,= example1 ,holcosp]mum1 a radially symmetrical se$ ) ribs & grooves1 ,codono!ca1 a /alk$1 spore-be>+1 lob$ 8cup10 & ,neuropt]oc>pus1 a flask-%ap$ se$ ) longitud9al ribs & grooves1 all h be5 associat$ ) ,neuropt]is1 a leaf g5us4 ,illu/ration3 ,mazon ,creek ,/rip ,m9e ,area ,%[+ ,di/ribution ( ,spoil ,heaps4 ,! small circul> areas repres5t wa/e f und]gr\nd m9es4 ,trigonoc>pus1 commonly f\nd z a ca/ ( ! int]nal "p ( a se$1 is a trim]\sly symmetrical body frequ5tly associat$ ) ,ale?opt]is4 ,pa*yte/a includes pres]v$ /ructures & out] lay]s ( a se$4 ,c>poli!s is a cat*-all 8g5us0 function+ z a g5]al t]m = se$s & se$like =ms ^: plant gr\p aff9ities _c be det]m9$4 ,,collect+ ,,areas ,,= ,,p5nsylvanian ,,plants ,nor!rn ,ill9ois ,plant fossils c be f\nd 9 almo/ any nor!rn ,ill9ois area :]e ,p5nsylvanian rocks are expos$ 7see back cov]71 b 9 "s places !y are mu* bett] pres]v$ & m num]\s ?an 9 o!rs4 ,mo/ ( ! well kn[n collect+ areas & a few ( ! less] kn[n ones are discuss$ bel[4 ,ev5 ?\gh "s ( ! localities 7 discov]$ _m ye>s ago1 !y may indicate areas t are /ill favorable = collect+4 ,mazon ,creek ,area ,( all ! fossils t h be5 f\nd 9 ,ill9ois1 ! mo/ fam\s are ! plant rema9s f ! _w-r5[n$ ,mazon ,creek area 9 ! nor!a/]n "p ( ! /ate4 ,9 ?is area 9 ,grundy & ,w ,c\nties1 plant fossils are f\nd 9 iron/one concretions 9 ! l[] "p ( ! ,francis ,creek ,%ale directly ov]ly+ ! ,col*e/] 7,no4 #b7 ,coal4 ,fossils 7 discov]$ 9 outcrops along ,mazon ,creek m ?an a c5tury ago & collections lat] 7 made f scores ( conical spoil heaps at und]gr\nd m9es4 ,aft] coal /ripp+ began 9 ! #aibj's1 great numb]s ( specim5s 7 collect$4 ,9 ! /ripp+ op]ations1 ! concretion-be>+ b$s are commonly ! la/ to be plac$ on ! spoil heap4 ,wea!r+ s(t5s & removes ! %ales & leaves ! nodules conc5trat$ on ! surface4 ,ea* season br+s a new crop ( concretions to ! surface4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #a ,calamites ,/igm>ia ,lepidod5dron ,calamites _/ ,f]n ,/em ,caulopt]is ,sigill>ia ,megaphyton ,calamites ,artisia ,sigill>ia sub-b>k ,illu/ration3 uncaption$ ,! concretions g5]ally are oval to elongate & range f less ?an an in* to a foot or m 9 maximum dim5sion4 ,only ab\t "o nodule 9 t5 conta9s plant rema9s4 ,approximately #be to #cj species h be5 f\nd 9 ?is region4 ,! productivity ( ! area 0 %[n by ,george ,lang=d1 ,sr41 a well kn[n midwe/]n fossil collector4 ,he & 8 son split ab\t #bej ?\s& concretions dur+ a #adj-;day p]iod & obta9$ "s #be ?\s& plant specim5s4 ,f9e specim5s /ill c be collect$ 9 a few h\rs4 ,! plant collect+ localities 9 ,w & ,grundy ,c\nties along ,mazon ,creek1 f\r to six miles s\!a/ ( ! t[n ( ,morris1 7 ! fir/ to be well kn[n4 ,f]ns are especially abundant4 ,fossils ( insects1 cru/aceans1 worms1 & salam&]s also h be5 f\nd4 ,collect+ conditions v>y consid]ably f season to season1 & fossils are n z easily obta9$ !re z f ! /rip-m9e spoil heaps4 ,fossilif]\s concretions may be f\nd 9 a numb] ( ! /rip m9es 9 ! area1 al?\gh probably mo/ h come f ! ,nor!rn ,ill9ois ,coal ,corporation m9e betwe5 ! t[ns ( ,braidwood & ,wilm+ton4 ,9 e>li] ye>s good collections 7 made f ! spoil heaps ( und]gr\nd m9es4 ,especially notable are ! m9e dumps ( ! ,wilm+ton ,/> ,no4 #g m9e1 #b miles we/ ( ,coal ,city1 & ,sk9n] ,no4 #b m9e1 two miles nor!a/ ( ,braidwood4 ,9 ! vic9ity ( ,morris on ! nor?we/ edge ( ! ,mazon ,creek area1 fossil f]ns h be5 f\nd along ! nor? side ( ! ,ill9ois ,riv] & 9 ! banks ( ! ,ill9ois-,mi*igan ,canal4 ,ab\t a mile nor? 9 an area ( /rip m9+1 fossil-be>+ concretions h be5 f\nd 9 %ale & irregul> s&/one lay]s4 ,illu/ration3 uncaption$ ,illu/ration3 ,plate #b ,sph5ophyllum ,lepido/robophyllum ,annul>ia ,sph5ophyllum #a ,lycopodites ,cordaites ,a/]ophyllites ,fossils 9 concretions also h be5 collect$ f a %aly lime/one at ! s\? end ( ! ,kankakee ,riv] bridge along ! ,grundy & ,w c\nty l9e4 ,bureau ,c\nty ,"s #dj miles d[n/ream f ,morris on ! ,ill9ois ,riv]1 plant fossils h be5 discov]$ 9 wa/e f ! ,spr+ ,valley ,coal ,co4 m9e #a4 ,!y also are f\nd 9 black %ale bel[ ! ,la,salle ,lime/one 9 a small gully 9 ! s\?we/ "p ( t[n1 b at nei!r place are !y pl5tiful4 ,knox ,c\nty ,a notable numb] & v>iety ( well pres]v$ plant fossils h be5 produc$ f a locality along ,c\rt ,creek 9 ,ea/ ,galesburg4 ,! ,rock ,isl& 7,no4 #a7 ,coal is m9$ 9 ! area & ! fossils appe> to h come f ! %ale ov]ly+ x4 ,illu/ration3 uncaption$ ,fossil plants also h be5 f\nd 9 %ales above ! ,col*e/] 7,no4 #b7 ,coal 9 ! vic9ity ( ,de,long & ) ! ,h]r9 7,no4 #f7 ,coal 9 m9es s\!a/ ( ,victoria4 ,m]c] & ,w>r5 ,c\nties ,9 nor!rn ,w>r5 & s\!rn ,m]c] ,c\nties ! s&/one und]ly+ ! ,rock ,isl& 7,no4 #a7 ,coal is t]m$ ! 8,/igm>ian0 s&/one because ( num]\s silice\s ca/s f\nd 9 ! b$4 ,_m ( ! fossils h be5 collect$ f an old m9e dump & f rav9es along ! ,edw>ds ,riv] nor!a/ ( ,al$o4 ,a numb] ( repres5tatives ( ,sph5ophyllum1 ,neuropt]is1 & ,annul>ia h be5 collect$ f iron/one concretions occurr+ 9 %ale t ov]lies ! ,col*e/] 7,no4 #b7 ,coal ab\t ?ree miles s\?we/ ( ,alexis4 ,!y 7 f\nd 9 a gully ab\t a ?ird ( a mile s\!a/ ( ,c5t] ,s*ool4 ,illu/ration3 uncaption$ ,illu/ration3 ,plate #c ,pecopt]is #a ,pty*oc>pus ,pecopt]is ,m>iopt]is ,a/]o!ca ,spiropt]is ,pecopt]is ,9 ! same g5]al area b ab\t ?ree miles due s\? ( ,alexis1 fossil plants also may be f\nd 9 ! clay pits ( ! ,hydraulic-,press ,brick ,company & ! ,nor?we/]n ,clay ,manufactur+ ,company4 ,fulton ,c\nty ,al?\gh !re are num]\s isolat$ occurr5ces ( plant fossils ?r\gh\t ! ext5sive /rip m9es & outcrops 9 ,fulton ,c\nty1 no exceptionally good collect+ localities h be5 discov]$4 ,f]n & cordaitean leaves h be5 collect$ along ,mill ,creek ab\t a mile nor!a/ ( ,pleasantview :]e ! fossils occur 9 ! %ale ov]ly+ ! ,babylon ,coal4 ,9 ! same g5]al area1 impressions & ca/s ( ,/igm>ia1 ,lepidod5dron1 & ,cordaites h be5 f\nd 9 ! ,babylon ,s&/one4 ,illu/ration3 uncaption$ ,?ree miles nor? ( ,pleasantview1 a qu>t] ( a mile nor?we/ ( ,union ,s*ool1 sev]al species ( leaves h be5 collect$ f ! ,br[n+ ,s&/one :]e x is expos$ 9 a roadcut4 ,f>!r ea/1 !re is a fairly good locality 9 ! /ream bluff ( ,k]ton ,creek ab\t #c miles nor? & a qu>t] ( a mile we/ ( ,bluff ,city4 ,!re ! plants are f\nd ab\t #ah feet bel[ a coal b$4 ,num]\s f]n impressions also are f\nd 9 %ale b$s above ! ,h]r9 7,no4 #f7 ,coal along ! ,middle ,bran* ( ,copp]as ,creek1 six miles we/ ( ,glas=d4 ,o!r specim5s may be f\nd 9 ^! b$s else:]e 9 ! area4 ,mc,donough ,c\nty ,illu/ration3 uncaption$ ,9 "s ( ! small und]gr\nd m9es ne> ,col*e/]1 ! %ale ov]ly+ ! ,col*e/] 7,no4 #b7 ,coal conta9s iron/one concretions simil> to ^? f nor!a/]n ,ill9ois4 ,m ?an #ej species ( plant fossils h be5 report$1 b !y 7 collect$ _m ye>s ago f spoil heaps at ! m9es4 ,b$s ( ! same age crop out widely 9 o!r localities 9 we/]n ,ill9ois & may conta9 plant fossils4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #d ,sph5opt]is ,l9opt]is ,neuropt]is ,odontopt]is ,cycopt]is ,ale?opt]is ,ale?opt]is ,odontopt]is ,ale?opt]is ,v]milion ,c\nty ,9 outcrops ab\t ?ree miles bel[ ,georget[n on ! ,little ,v]milion ,riv]1 a numb] ( fossil plant species & "o insect species h be5 collect$ f %ales ov]ly+ ! ,h]r9 7,no4 #f7 ,coal1 locally call$ ! ,grape ,creek ,coal4 ,! fossils occur 9 concretions mu* l ^? f ,mazon ,creek4 ,an occasional /em replacem5t or impression is f\nd 9 ! concretion>y %ale above ! ,no4 #g ,coal 9 ! /rip m9e area we/ ( ,hill]y4 ,9 fact1 isolat$ fragm5t>y plant specim5s are fairly common 9 ! ,danville m9+ area1 b no especially productive localities h come to light4 ,o!r ,nor!rn ,ill9ois ,localities ,9 addition to ! c\nties li/$ above1 a numb] ( o!rs h produc$ plant fossils4 ,= example1 !re are records ( plant fossils f\nd s\!a/ ( ,frankl9 9 ,morgan ,c\nty1 at ,neelys 9 ,peoria ,c\nty1 & at a numb] ( places 9 ! s\!rn & we/]n p>ts ( ,rock ,isl& ,c\nty4 ,local exploration is c]ta9 to turn up num]\s o!r collect+ places at pres5t unkn[n4 ,illu/ration3 uncaption$ ,illu/ration3 ,plate #e ,codono!ca ,calamo/a*ys #a ,pa*yte/a ,codonosp]mum ,cordaicorpus ,sam>opsis ,:ittleseya #a ,trigonocorpus ,holcosp]mum ,neuropt]oc>pus ,lepido/robus ,c>poli!s ,s\!rn ,ill9ois ,illu/ration3 uncaption$ ,lawr5ce ,c\nty ,ne> ! ,lawr5ce-,ri*l& c\nty l9e1 n f> f ! t[ns ( ,b]ryville & ,calh\n1 !re is an area ri* 9 ! fossil petrifactions call$ 8coal balls0 9 :i* cellul> /ructures ( /ems & roots g5]ally are well pres]v$4 ,sal9e1 ,pope1 & ,johnson ,c\nties ,sal9e ,c\nty has m record$ plant fossil localities ?an any o!r s\!rn ,ill9ois c\nty4 ,fossil plant collect+ localities are isolat$ b num]\s 9 ! area s\?we/ ( ,h>risburg4 ,m9e dumps1 su* z 9 ! area five or six miles nor?we/ ( ,eddyville1 & _m outcrops are available ?r\gh\t ! region4 ,! fossils probably are associat$ ) ! ,murphysboro1 ,delwood1 ,willis1 ,reynoldsburg1 & ,batt]y ,rock ,coals4 ,"o especially good collect+ area is on ! s\? tribut>y ( ! ,ea/ ,bran* ,c$> ,creek ab\t #f miles s\? ( ,/one=t4 ,! fossils are f\nd 9 six feet ( %ale ov]ly+ ! ,batt]y ,rock ,coal horizon4 ,p]ry & ,jackson ,c\nties ,ne> ,du,quoin & ,murphysboro1 a v>iety ( well pres]v$ plant fossils has be5 collect$ f %ales ov]ly+ bo? ! ,h]r9 7,no4 #f7 ,coal & ! ,murphysboro ,coal4 ,ne>ly all h come f %aft m9es t are n easily accessible to ! collector4 ,"o curr5tly good outcrop locality = collect+ plant fossils f ! %ale above ! ,murphysboro ,coal is j s\!a/ ( ,murphysboro4 ,o!r ,s\!rn ,ill9ois ,localities ,o!r collect+ localities h be5 record$ we/ ( ,mc,leansboro 9 ,hamilton ,c\nty1 nor?we/ ( ,mt4 ,v]non 9 ,jeff]son ,c\nty1 ne> ,grayville 9 ,:ite ,c\nty1 & 9 ! ,fri5dsville area ( ,waba% ,c\nty4 ,!re is no d\bt t c>eful se>* w turn up _m m4 ,almo/ any:]e 9 ! l>ge coal produc+ areas ( s\!rn ,ill9ois plant fossils c be f\nd ei!r 9 spoil heaps or 9 outcrops along /ream1 road1 & railroad cuts4 ,! ?ick ,p5nsylvanian s&/ones t crop out 9 a belt ext5d+ ?r\gh ,gallat91 ,sal9e1 ,williamson1 & ,jackson ,c\nties g5]ally conta9 compressions or replacem5ts ( trunks or o!r woody plant p>ts4 ,,sugge/ions ,,= ,,collect+ ,,p5nsylvanian ,,plants ,:]e to ,look = ,plant ,fossils ,p5nsylvanian plants are mo/ commonly f\nd 9 %ales directly ov]ly+ coal b$s4 ,! %ales are believ$ to be ( nonm>9e orig9 l ! coals & may conta9 fossils ei!r 9 iron/one concretions or on ! b$d+ planes4 ,! %ale lay]s z well z ! concretions %\ld be exam9$4 ,:]e ! b$ directly ov]ly+ ! coal consi/s ( black slaty %ale or lime/one conta9+ m>9e fossils1 plant rema9s are r>ely abundant or well pres]v$4 ,b5ea? ! coals !re g5]ally is an und]clay t is int]pret$ z ! mat]ial 9 :i* ! coal =e/ grew4 ,! und]clay is 9 turn und]la9 by a s&/one1 & bo? are believ$ to be mo/ly nonm>9e4 ,/igm>ian axes & 8roots0 are common 9 _m ( ! und]clays4 ,plant fossils are common 9 ! s&/one b g5]ally are poorly pres]v$1 except 9 ! local %aly l5ses4 ,! be/ place to look = plant fossils 9 nor!rn ,ill9ois1 except = ! /rip m9es ( ! ,mazon ,creek area1 is probably 9 ! spoil heaps f %aft m9es4 ,! ,col*e/] 7,no4 #b7 ,coal has be5 ext5sively m9$ by ! longwall me?od4 ,?is te*nique causes ! m9e ro( to settle :5 ! coal is remov$1 & ! haulage ways are kept op5 by remov+ ! ro( %ale4 ,inasmu* z ! ro( %ale is ! ,francis ,creek ,=mation ( ! ,mazon ,creek area1 x may conta9 abundant plant-be>+ concretions4 ,! %ale is n ev]y:]e fossilif]\s1 h[ev]1 & 9 _m spoil heaps fossils are r>e4 ,illu/ration3 ,tools = ,collect+ ,collect+ ,equipm5t ,! collector ( plant fossils %\ld h ! foll[+ tools & equipm5t3 ,hamm]--a bricklay]'s hamm] w "w well4 ,"o or two *isels1 pref]ably "o l>ge & "o small4 ,knapsack or basket 9 :i* to c>ry specim5s4 ,newspap]s & a roll ( tissue pap] = protect+ fragile specim5s4 ,p5cil & pap] = label+ specim5s & mak+ notes ab\t ! collect+ locality f :i* ! fossils came4 ,mu* ( ! value ( a p>ticul> fossil lies 9 kn[+ precisely :]e x 0 f\nd & ! lay] ( rock x came f4 ,rules ( ,c\rtesy ,:5 ent]+ a collect+ area e collector %\ld obs]ve sev]al rules c>efully3 ,= y\r own protection get p]mission to ent] & collect on any private prop]ty4 ,su* action also w help to assure y\r welcome if y wi% to come back aga94 ,leave ! gates exactly z y f9d !m1 op5 or clos$4 ,d n climb f5ces t may break or sag "u y\r weight2 crawl "u or g ar\nd4 ,don't litt]1 ev5 ?\gh f> f any h\se or o!r build+s4 ,d n di/urb ! own]'s equipm5t1 /ock1 or plant$ areas4 ,h&l+ ,specim5s ,illu/ration3 uncaption$ ,! mo/ successful way to split an iron/one concretion is to set x on edge1 long axis horizontal1 on any fairly l>ge rock & /rike ! upp] edge ) ! hamm]4 ,if ! concretion is "o t develop$ ar\nd a fossil nucleus1 x g5]ally w split along ! plane ( weakness1 reveal+ ! fossil4 ,sometimes "o side ( ! concretion w break (f 9 ! middle1 9 :i* case ! rema9d] %\ld be tapp$ firmly b g5tly on ! upp] edge until ! fossil is completely uncov]$4 ,pieces ( ! brok5 half %\ld be glu$ toge!r neatly ) wat]pro( cem5t s t ! entire specim5 c be reta9$4 ,fossils emb$d$ 9 %ale may be recov]$ by ! same me?od or by repeat$ly tapp+ a *isel ins]t$ along ! b$d+ plane4 ,if ! fossil is expos$1 ! matrix c be *isel$ away by sl[1 pa9/ak+ ef=t4 ,! usual me?od ( wrapp+ plant-be>+ nodules is to place ! end ( a %eet ( newspap] betwe5 ! two halves ( ! nodule1 fold ! pap] ov] ! nodule1 & roll x up 9 ! %eet4 ,illu/ration3 ,h[ to ,wrap a ,fossilif]\s ,concretion ,:5 sev]al localities are visit$ 9 "o collect+ trip1 ! fossils f ea* %\ld be kept sep>ate2 clo? bags are conv5i5t = ?is purpose4 ,notes ab\t ! locality %\ld be put 9 ! same bag z fossils f t locality s t !re is no possibility ( confusion4 ,"s fossils are s fragile or por\s t !y %\ld be cov]$ ) a h>d5+ protective coat ( crude gum arabic solution4 7,ref9$ gum arabic w n s]ve47 ,?is may be appli$ ) a f9e bru% 9 successive lay]s1 or /urdi] fossils may be dipp$ 9 x4 ,:5 a fossil is s delicate t ! surface t5sion ( ! gum arabic solution causes ! fossil to 8spread10 celluloid 7n pla/ic7 dissolv$ 9 acetone %\ld be sub/itut$4 ,be=e ?is solution is us$1 ! specim5 mu/ be completely dry or ! coat+ w become cl\dy or opaque4 ,if ! specim5 is pyritiz$1 x %\ld be spray$ ) lacqu] or %ellac to prev5t dis9tegration4 ,if ^! protective sprays are us$ !y mu/ be appli$ to dry specim5s dur+ dry wea!r or ! coat+ w rema9 /icky4 ,illu/ration3 uncaption$ ,,ref]5ces ,,an ,,introduction ,,to ,,paleobotany4 ,c4 ,a4 ,arnold4 ,mc,graw-,hill ,book ,co41 ,new ,york1 #aidg1 #dcc p4 ,,grundy ,,& ,,w ,,c\nties4 ,frank ,h4 ,bradley4 ,9 ,wor!n et al41 ,geology & ,paleontology1 ,geological ,survey ( ,ill9ois1 vol4 ,,iv1 #ahgj1 p4 #aij-bbe4 ,,palmlike ,,plants ,,f ,,! ,,dolores ,,=mation 7,,triassic71 ,,s\?we/]n ,,colorado4 ,rol& ,w4 ,br[n4 ,unit$ ,/ates ,geological ,survey ,pr(essional ,pap] #bgd-;,h1 #aief1 p4 #bje-bji4 ,,c>bonif]\s ,,insects ,,f ,,! ,,vic9ity ,,( ,,mazon ,,creek1 ,,ill9ois4 ,f4 ,m4 ,c>p5t]4 ,ill9ois ,/ate ,museum ,sci5tific ,pap] #c1 pt4 #a1 #aidc1 p4 #g-bj4 ,,! ,,liv+ ,,cycads4 ,c4 ,j4 ,*amb]la94 ,univ]sity ( ,*icago ,press1 ,*icago1 #aiai1 #agb p4 ,,guide ,,= ,,beg9n+ ,,fossil ,,hunt]s4 ,*>les ,coll9son4 ,ill9ois ,/ate ,geological ,survey ,educational ,s]ies #d1 #aief1 #cf p4 7,revis$ #aiei1 #dj p47 ,,hi/orical ,,geology4 ,c>l ,o4 ,dunb>4 ,john ,wiley ,sons1 ,inc41 ,new ,york1 #aidi1 #egf p4 ,,college ,,botany4 ,h>ry ,j4 ,full] & ,oswald ,tippo4 ,h5ry ,holt ,co41 ,new ,york1 #aied1 #iic p4 ,,h&bu* ,,d] ,,pal,,obotanik1 ,,bd4 #a3 ,,?allophyta1 ,,bryophyta1 ,,pt]idophyta4 ,max ,hirm]4 ,r4 ,old5b\rg1 ,muni* & ,b]l91 #aibg1 #gjh p4 ,,"s ,,fossil ,,plant ,,types ,,( ,,ill9ois4 ,raymond ,e4 ,janss54 ,ill9ois ,/ate ,museum ,sci5tific ,pap] #a1 #aidj1 #abd p4 ,,leaves ,,& ,,/ems ,,( ,,fossil ,,=e/s4 ,raymond ,e4 ,janss54 ,ill9ois ,/ate ,museum ,popul> ,sci5ce ,s]ies2 v4 #a1 #aieg1 #aij p4 ,,! ,,mazon ,,creek ,,eurypt]id3 ,a ,,revision ,,( ,,! ,,g5us ,,lepidod]ma4 ,erik ,n4 ,kjellesvig-,wa]+4 ,ill9ois ,/ate ,museum ,sci5tific ,pap] #c1 no4 #d1 #aidh1 p4 #c-df4 ,,plants ,,( ,,! ,,pa/4 ,f4 ,h4 ,kn[lton4 ,pr9ceton ,univ]sity ,press1 ,pr9ceton1 ,n4 ,j41 #aibg1 #bge p4 ,,! ,,wilm+ton ,,coal ,,flora ,,f ,a ,,p5nsylvanian ,,deposit ,,9 ,,w ,,c\nty1 ,,ill9ois4 ,george ,lang=d4 ,esconi ,associates1 ,d[n]s ,grove1 ,ill41 #aieh1 #cfj p4 ,,! ,,mazon ,,creek1 ,,ill9ois1 ,,%ales ,,& ,,_! ,,amphibian ,,fauna4 ,r4 ,l4 ,moodie4 ,am]ican ,j\rnal ( ,sci5ce1 #d? ,s]ies1 v4 #cd1 #aiab1 p4 #bgg-bhe4 ,,introduction ,,to ,,hi/orical ,,geology4 ,raymond ,c4 ,moore4 ,mc,graw-,hill ,book ,co41 ,inc41 ,new ,york1 #aieh1 #fef p4 ,,p5nsylvanian ,,flora ,,( ,,nor!rn ,,ill9ois4 ,a4 ,c4 ,no4 ,ill9ois ,/ate ,geological ,survey ,bullet9 #eb1 #aibe1 #aac p4 ,,p5nsylvanian ,,inv]tebrates ,,( ,,! ,,mazon ,,creek ,,area1 ,,ill9ois4 ,eug5e ,s4 ,ri*>dson1 ,jr4 ,fieldiana3 ,geology1 v4 #ab1 #aief1 p4 #a-gf4 ,,report ,,on ,,! ,,c>r ,,& ,,daniels ,,collections ,,( ,,fossil ,,plants ,,f ,,mazon ,,creek4 ,wilson ,n4 ,/ew>t4 ,ill9ois ,academy ( ,sci5ce ,transactions1 v4 #dc1 #aiej1 p4 #da-de4 ,a ,,rec5tly ,,discov]$ ,,phlege?ontia ,,f ,,ill9ois4 ,w4 ,d4 ,turnbull & ,priscilla ,f4 ,turnbull4 ,fieldiana3 ,zoology1 v4 #cg1 #aiee1 p4 #ebc-ece4 ,illu/ration3 uncaption$ ,,educational ,,ext5sion ,,program ,! ,educational ,ext5sion ,section ( ! ,ill9ois ,/ate ,geological ,survey rea*es ! public ?r\gh a numb] ( *annels1 includ+ nonte*nical publications1 rock & m9]al collections = ,ill9ois s*ools & educational gr\ps1 lectures1 exhibits1 correspond5ce involv+ id5tification ( rocks & m9]als1 news items = ! press1 & field trips4 ,dur+ ea* ye> six field trips are giv51 9 widely sep>at$ p>ts ( ! /ate1 = tea*]s1 /ud5ts1 & laym54 ,! g5]al program is especially design$ to assi/ 9 tea*+ geological sci5ces & to help make ,ill9ois citiz5s aw>e ( ! /ate's great m9]al weal?4 ,ill9ois ,/ate ,geological ,survey ,urbana1 ,ill9ois ,illu/ration3 ,,ill9ois1 ,l& ( ,l9coln ,illu/ration3 ,,p5nsylvanian ,,outcrop ,,area ,morris ,braidwood ,peoria ,col*e/] ,danville ,spr+field ,duquo9 ,murphysboro ,h>risburg ,m>ion ,ill9ois ,/ate ,geological ,survey ,educational ,s]ies #f ,transcrib]'s ,notes --,sil5tly correct$ a few typos4 --,reta9$ publication in=mation f ! pr9t$ edition3 ?is e,book is public-doma9 9 ! c\ntry ( publication4 --,9 ! text v]sions only1 text 9 italics is delimit$ by und]scores4