file :i* includes ! orig9al illu/rations4 ,see #fegbj-;h4htm or #fegbj-;h4zip3 7https3_/_/www4gut5b]g4org_/ca*e_/epub_/ #fegbj_/pg#fegbj-;images4html7 or 7https3_/_/www4gut5b]g4org_/files_/#fegb j_/fegbj-;h4zip7 ,images ( ! orig9al pages are available ?r\gh ,int]net ,ar*ive4 ,see https3_/_/ar*ive4org_/details_/cu#caibdj bhicafbi ,transcrib]'s note3 ,text t 0 9 italics is enclos$ by und]scores 7italics74 ,,! ,,place ,,( ,,animals ,,9 ,,human ,,?\ght ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,emp]or ,,akb> p]sonally direct+ ! ty+ up ( a wild ,elephant4 ,temp]a pa9t+ by ,abu'l ,fazl4 7#aeig-ih47 ,photograph$ = ?is "w f ! orig9al 9 ! ,india ,museum4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,! ,,place ,,( ,,animals ,,9 ,,human ,,?\ght by ,,! ,,c\ntess ,,evelyn ,,m>t95go ,,ces>esco 8,on ne connait ri5 que p> bribes40--,m4 ,,b]!lot ,new ,york ,*>les ,scribn]',s ,sons #aec-aeg ,fif? ,av5ue #aiji ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- 8,c'e/ l't]nel secret qui veut tre g>d40 7,all rights res]v$47 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,preface ,,at ! ,congress held at ,ox=d 9 ,septemb]1 #aijh1 ^? :o he>d ,c\nt ,goblet d',alviella's address on ! 8,me?od & ,scope ( ! ,hi/ory ( ,religions0 mu/ h felt ! ?rill :i* ann\nces ! /irr+ ( new ideas1 :51 9 a memorable passage1 ! speak] ask$ 8:e!r ! psy*ology ( animals has n equally "s relation to ! sci5ce ( religions80 ,at any rate1 ^! words came to me z a confirmation ( ! belief t ! /udy :i* has engag$ my att5tion = sev]al ye>s1 is rapidly advanc+ t[>ds recognition z a bran* ( ! inquiry into :at man is himself4 ,! foll[+ *apt]s on ! diff]5t answ]s giv5 to ?is "q :5 ext5d$ f man to animals1 7 int5d$1 f ! fir/1 to =m a :ole1 n complete1 inde$1 b p]haps fairly compreh5sive4 ,i (f] !m n[ to ! public ) my w>me/ ackn[l$gm5ts to ! s*ol>s ^: publi%$ works &1 9 "s cases1 private h9ts h made my task possible4 ,i also wi% to ?ank ! ,editor ( ! ,contempor>y ,review = 8 k9dness 9 all[+ me to repr9t ! "p ( ?is book :i* appe>$ fir/ 9 t p]iodical4 ,"s *apt]s ref] r to practice ?an to psy*ology1 & o!rs to my?s & fancies r ?an to consci\s speculation1 b all ^! subjects are s closely connect$ t x w\ld be difficult to divide _! treatm5t by a h>d-&-fa/ l9e4 ,) reg>d to ! illu/rations1 ,i am glad to be> grateful te/imony to ! facilities af=d$ me by ! ,directors ( ! ,briti% ,museum1 ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum1 ! ,hague ,gall]y1 ! ,national ,museum at ,cop5hag51 ! ,egypt ,exploration ,fund1 & by ! ,secret>y ( ,/ate = ,india4 ,h4,e4 ,monsieur ,camille ,b>rre1 ,fr5* ,ambassador at ,rome1 has all[$ me to include a photograph ( 8 rem>kably f9e specim5 ( a bronze cat2 & ,i h obta9$ ! sanction ( ,monsieur ,m>cel ,dieulafoy = ! reproduction ( "o ( ,madame ,dieulafoy's photographs :i* appe>$ 9 8 magnific5t "w on 8,l',art ,antique de la ,p]se40 ,messrs4 ,macmillan ,co41 ,limit$1 & ,messrs4 ,*apman & ,hall1 ,limit$1 h p]mitt$ photographs to be tak5 ( two plates 9 books publi%$ by !m4 ,f9ally1 ,dr4 ,c4 ,wald/e9 & ,mr4 ,e4 ,b4 ,havell h be5 mo/ k9d 9 help+ me to give ! correct description ( "s ( ! plates4 ,,sal1 ,,lago ,,di ,,g>da4 ,febru>y #ae1 #aiji4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,cont5ts ,i ,,page ,,s\l-,,w&]+ ,,z ,,x ,,conc]ns ,,animals #aa ,,ii ,,! ,,greek ,,conception ,,( ,,animals #bb ,,iii ,,animals ,,at ,,rome #dd ,,iv ,,plut>* ,,! ,,humane #fb ,v ,,man ,,& ,,8 ,,bro!r #hd ,,vi ,,! ,,fai? ,,( ,,iran #aac ,,vii ,,zoroa/rian ,,zoology #ada ,,viii ,a ,,religion ,,( ,,ru? #aff ,,ix ,,l9es ,,f ,,! ,,adi ,,gran? #bja ,x ,,! ,,hebrew ,,conception ,,( ,,animals #bje ,,xi 8,a ,,p ,,l ,,unto ,,y0 #bba ,,xii ,,! ,,fri5d ,,( ,,! ,,creature #bde ,,xiii ,,v]sipelles #bfe ,,xiv ,,! ,,horse ,,z ,,h]o #bha ,,xv ,,animals ,,9 ,,ea/]n ,,fiction #cjf ,,xvi ,,! ,,gr[? ,,( ,,mod]n ,,ideas ,,ab\t ,,animals #ccf ,,index #cfg ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,illu/rations ,,! ,,emp]or ,,akb> ,,p]sonally ,,direct+ ,,! ,frontispiece ,,ty+ ,,up ,,( ,a ,,wild ,,elephant4 ,temp]a pa9t+ 9 ! 8,akb> ,namah10 by ,abu'l ,fazl 7#aeig-ih74 ,india ,museum4 ,photograph$ = ?is "w4 ,,de] ,,wor%ipp+ ,,! ,,:eel ,,( ,,! ,,law4 ,tope ( ,san*i1 drawn #aa by ,lieut4-,col4 ,maisey ,f ,f]gusson's 8,tree & ,s]p5t ,wor%ip40 ,by p]mission ( ! ,india ,(fice4 ,,! ,,buddhi/ic ,,tig] #ba ,f a pa9t+ on silk by ,ko-,t 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,photograph$ = ?is "w4 ,9 ,japanese ,buddhism ! ,tig] is ! type ( ,wisdom4 ,,orpheus #cb ,fresco f\nd at ,pompeii4 7,somm]47 ,,/ele ,,) ,,cat ,,& ,,bird #dj ,a!ns ,museum4 ,,capitol9e ,,%e-,,wolf #dd 7,bruckmann47 ,bronze /atue4 ,e>ly ,etruscan /yle4 ,! tw9s are mod]n4 ,,lion ,,be+ ,,l$ ,,f ,,! ,,ar5a ,,by ,a ,,slave #dg ,f ! mosaic pavem5t ( a ,roman villa at ,n5nig4 ,,bac*us ,,rid+ ,,on ,a ,,pan!r #gd ,mosaic f\nd at ,pompeii4 7,somm]47 ,,bronze ,,/atue ,,( ,,an ,,egyptian ,,cat #hb ,f ! ,collection ( ,h4,e4 ,monsieur ,camille ,b>rre1 ,fr5* ,ambassador at ,rome ,,re9de] ,,br[s+4 ,,old] ,,/one ,,age #hf ,f\nd 9 a cave at ,?ayng5 9 ,switz]l&4 ,,horse ,,draw+ ,,disc ,,( ,,! ,,sun4 ,,old] ,,bronze ,,age #hf ,national ,museum at ,cop5hag54 ,,ha?or ,,c[ #ajb ,f\nd 9 #aijf by ,dr4 d\>d ,naville at ,deir-el-bah>i4 ,by p]mission ( ! ,egypt ,exploration ,fund4 ,,wild ,,goats ,,& ,,"y #ajh ,assyrian ,relief4 ,briti% ,museum4 7,mansell47 ,,assyrian ,,god ,,c>ry+ ,,antelope ,,& ,,:eat-,,e> #aaf ,briti% ,museum4 7,mansell47 ,,c\nt+ ,,cattle #abh ,egyptian ,fresco4 ,briti% ,museum4 7,mansell47 ,,k+ ,,fight+ ,,griff9 78,,bad ,,animal07 #adb ,relief 9 ,palace ( ,d>ius at ,p]sepolis4 ,photograph$ by ,jane ,dieulafoy4 ,f 8,l',art ,antique de la ,p]se40 ,by p]mission ( ,m4 ,m>cel ,dieulafoy4 ,,! ,,real ,,dog ,,( ,,iran #aeb ,bronze ,/atuette f\nd at ,susa4 ,l\vre4 ,f ,p]rot's 8,hi/ory ( ,art 9 ,anci5t ,p]sia40 ,by p]mission ( ,messrs4 ,*apman ,hall1 ,ltd4 ,,buddha ,,pacify+ ,,an ,,intoxicat$ ,,elephant ,,:i* ,,_h ,,be5 ,,s5t #ahh ,,to ,,de/roy ,,him4 ,,! ,,elephant ,,/oops ,,9 ,,adoration ,grco-,buddhi/ sculpture f a ru9$ mona/]y at ,takt-i-,bahi4 ,india ,museum4 ,photograph$ = ?is "w4 ,,recl9+ ,,bull #aib ,anci5t ,s\!rn ,indian sculpture4 ,f a photograph 9 ! ,india ,museum4 ,,wild ,,bulls ,,& ,,tam$ ,,bulls #bja ,reliefs on two gold cups f\nd 9 a tomb at ,vapheio ne> ,amyclae4 ,fifte5? c5tury ,b4,c4 7possibly e>li]74 ,f ,s*uckh>dt's 8,s*liemann's ,excavations40 ,by p]mission ( ,messrs4 ,macmillan ,co41 ,ltd4 ,,! ,,g>d5 ,,( ,,ed5 #bjh ,by ,rub5s4 ,hague ,gall]y4 7,bruckmann47 ,,g5esis ,,viii4 #bab ,loggie di ,raffaello4 ,9 ! ,vatican4 ,drawn by ,n4 ,consoni4 ,,daniel ,,& ,,! ,,lions #baf ,f an e>ly ,*ri/ian ,s>cophagus 9 ,s4 ,vitale1 ,rav5na4 7,al9>i47 8,,an ,,indian ,,orpheus0 #bbb ,inlaid m>ble "w panel orig9ally surm\nt+ a doorway 9 ! ,great ,hall ( ,audi5ce 9 ! ,mogul ,palace at ,delhi 7ab\t #afej74 ,photograph$ = ?is "w f a pa9t+ by a native arti/ 9 ! ,india ,museum4 ,imitat$ f a pa9t+ by ,raphael4 ,,moslem ,,begg> ,,fe$+ ,,dogs ,,at ,,con/ant9ople #bbf ,f life4 ,,/4 ,,j]ome ,,extract+ ,a ,,?orn ,,f ,,! ,,paw ,,( ,a ,,lion #bec ,by ,hub]t van ,eyck4 ,naples ,museum4 7,&]son47 ,,/4 ,,eu/ace 7,,or ,,/4 ,,hub]t7 ,,& ,,! ,,/ag #bef ,by ,vittore ,pisano4 ,national ,gall]y4 7,hanf/ngl47 8,,le ,,m5eur ,,des ,,l\ps0 #bgf ,design$ & drawn by ,maurice ,s&4 ,,! ,,assyrian ,,horse #bhd ,f a relief 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 7,mansell47 ,,arabian ,,horse ,,( ,,! ,,sah>a #bhh ,f life4 ,,! ,,banyan ,,de] #cbh ,f 8,/pa ( ,bh>hut40 ,by ,g5]al ,cunn+ham4 ,by p]mission ( ! ,india ,(fice4 7,griggs47 ,,egyptian ,,(ficial1 ,,) ,,8 ,,wife1 ,,engag$ ,,9 ,,f[l+ ,,9 ,,! #ccj ,,papyrus ,,swamp4 ,,8 ,,hunt+ ,,cat ,,has ,,seiz$ ,,?ree ,,birds4 ,mural pa9t+ 9 ,briti% ,museum4 7,mansell47 ,,assyrian ,,lion ,,& ,,lioness ,,9 ,,p>adise ,,p>k #ccf ,briti% ,museum4 7,mansell47 ,! ,k+'s res]vations = big game 7 call$ 8p>adises40 ,,lambs #cch ,relief on a fif? c5tury tomb at ,rav5na4 7,al9>i47 8,,il ,,buon ,,pa/ore0 #cdf ,mosaic 9 ! ,mausoleum ( ,galla ,placidia at ,rav5na4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,illu/ration3 ,,lt ,,col4 ,,maisey ,,del4 ,w4 ,,briggs1 ,,li?4 ,,de] ,,wor%ipp+ ,,! ,,:eel ,,( ,,! ,,law4 ,tope ( ,san*i4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,! ,place ( ,animals 9 ,human ,?\ght ,i ,,s\l-,,w&]+ ,,z ,,x ,,conc]ns ,,animals ,,9 "o ( ^! enigmatic say+s :i* laun* ! m9d on b\ndless seas1 ,c>d9al ,newman rem>k$ t we "k less ( animals ?an ( angels4 ,a l>ge "p ( ! human race expla9s ! my/]y by :at is call$ transmigration1 metempsy*osis1 ,sams>a1 ,seel5w&]ung2 ! la/ a ^w s compact & picturesque t x is a pity n to imitate x 9 ,engli%4 ,! intelligibility ( ideas dep5ds mu* on :e!r words t\* ! spr+ ( ! picture-mak+ :eel ( ! bra92 8,s\l-w&]+0 does ?is4 ,anci5t z ! !ory is1 we ought to rememb] :at is commonly =gott5--t some:]e 9 ! di/ance we cat* sight ( a "t :5 x 0 unkn[n1 at lea/ 9 ! s5se ( a procession ( ! s\l f dea? to life ?r\gh animal =ms4 ,traces ( x are to be f\nd 9 ! ,sutras & x is ?or\ghly develop$ 9 ! ,upani%ads1 b if ! ,sutras belong to ! ?irte5? c5tury & ! ,upani%ads to ab\t ! ye> #gjj be=e ,*ri/1 a long road /ill rema9s to ! ,v$as ) _! fabul\s antiquity4 ,9 ! ,v$as x is /at$ t ! s\l may w&]1 ev5 dur+ sleep1 & t x w surely h a fur!r exi/5ce aft] dea?1 b !re is no?+ to %[ t 9 ?is fur!r exi/5ce x w take ! =m ( an animal4 ,man w be sub/antially man1 able to feel ! same pleasures z 8 prototype on e>?2 b if he goes to a good place1 exempt f ! same pa9s4 ,:at1 !n1 0 ! ,v$ic op9ion ( animals8 ,on ! :ole1 x is safe to assume t ! au?ors ( ! ,v$ic *ants believ$ t animals1 l m51 ent]$ a s\l-_w 9 :i* !y pres]v$ _! id5tity4 ,! idea ( fun]al sacrifices1 z exemplifi$ 9 ^! e>lie/ records1 0 t ( s5d+ "s "o be=e4 ,! horse & ! goat t 7 immolat$ at a ,v$ic fun]al 7 int5d$ to g & ann\nce ! com+ ( ! man's s\l4 ,:]ev] victims 7 sacrific$ at fun]als1 !y 7 orig9ally meant to d some?+ 9 ! aft]-life2 h5ce !y mu/ h _h s\ls4 ,! orig9 ( ! ,suttee 0 ! wi% t ! wife %\ld accompany h] husb&1 & among primitive peoples animals 7 sacrific$ because ! dead man might h ne$ ( !m4 ,n v long ago an old ,iri% woman1 on be+ remon/rat$ ) = hav+ kill$ h] dead husb&'s horse1 repli$ ) ! words1 8,d y ?9k ,i w\ld let my man g on foot 9 ! next _w80 ,on visit+ t wond]fully emotion-awak5+ relic1 ! ,vik+ %ip at ,*ri/iania1 ,i 0 int]e/$ to see ! bones ( ! ,*ief's horses & dogs z well z 8 own4 ,did ! ,norsem51 passionately devot$ to ! sea z !y 71 suppose1 t n only ! animals1 b also ! vessel 9 :i* !y buri$ _! lead]1 w\ld h a gho/ly second exi/5ce8 ,i h no d\bt t !y did4 ,ap>t f :at h9ts may be glean$ f ! ,v$as1 !re is an inh]5t probability aga9/ ! e>ly ,aryans1 any m ?an ! mod]n ,h9du1 believ+ t ! s\l ( man or bea/ comes sudd5ly to a full /op4 ,to de/roy _s seems to ! ,asiatic m9d z impossible z to de/roy matt] seems to ! biologi/4 ,leav+ ! ,v$as & com+ d[n to ! ,sutras & ,upani%ads1 we discov] ! transmigration ( s\ls at fir/ sugge/$ & !n cle>ly def9$4 ,:5ce came x8 ,0 x ! belief ( ^? less civilis$ nations :om ! ,aryans conqu]$1 & did !y1 9 accept+ x f !m1 give x a moral complexion by inve/+ x ) ! highly e?ical significance ( an upw>d or d[nw>d progress occasion$ by ! m]its or dem]its ( ! s\l 9 a previ\s /ate ( be+8 ,a l>ge portion ( mank9d f9ds x z difficult to conceive a sudd5 beg9n+ z a sudd5 end ( _s4 ,we =get difficulties :i* we are n 9 ! habit ( fac+2 ^? :o h tri$ to face ?is "o h g5]ally /umbl$ ov] x4 ,ev5 ,dante ) 8 subtle psy*ophysiological reason+ h>dly p]suades4 ,! ramifications ( a life be=e /ret*$ f>3 8,:osoev] believes 9 ! fabl$ prior exi/5ce ( s\ls1 let him be ana!ma10 ?und]$ ! ,c\ncil ( ,con/ant9ople1 ,a4,d4 #edc4 ,:i* %[s t _m ,*ri/ians %>$ ,orig5's views on ?is subject4 ,f ! mom5t t s\l-w&]+ became1 9 ,india1 a well-e/abli%$ doctr9e1 "s ?ree ?\s& ye>s ago1 ! conception ( ! /atus ( animals 0 p]fectly cle>4 8,wise p10 says ! ,bhagavad ,gita1 8see ! same s\l 7,atman7 9 ! ,brahman1 9 worms & insects1 9 ! outca/s1 9 ! dog & ! elephant1 9 bea/s1 c[s1 gadflies1 & gnats40 ,"h we h ! doctr9e succ9ctly exp\nd$1 & 9 spite ( subtleties introduc$ by lat] philosoph]s 7su* z t ( ! out/&+ self7 ! exposition holds good to ?is day z a /atem5t ( ! fai? ( ,india4 ,x also describ$ ! doctr9e ( ,py?agoras1 :i* anci5t traditions ass]t$ t he br\ght f ,egypt1 :]e no su* doctr9e ev] exi/$4 ,py?agoras is /ill commonly suppos$ to h borr[$ f ,egypt2 b x is /range t a s+le p]son %\ld cont9ue to hold an op9ion aga9/ :i* s mu* evid5ce has be5 produc$2 especially z x is surely v easy to expla9 ! tradition by int]pret+ ,egypt to h /ood = 8! ,ea/0 9 common p>lance1 exactly z 9 ,europe a tribe ( l[ ca/e ,indians came to be call$ gypsies or ,egyptians4 ,py?agoras believ$ t he _h be5 "o ( ! ,trojan h]oes1 ^: %ield he knew at a glance 9 ! ,temple ( ,juno :]e x 0 hung up4 ,aft] him1 ,emp$ocles ?\ght t he _h pass$ ?r\gh _m =ms1 among/ o!rs ^? ( a bird & a fi%4 ,py?agoras & 8 fire-sp5t disciple belong to times :i* seem almo/ ne> if judg$ by ,indian computations3 yet !y are nebul\s figures2 !y seem to u1 & p]haps !y seem$ to m5 :o liv$ soon aft] !m1 m l my/]i\s1 half ,div9e be>]s ( a ^w ?an m5 ( fle% & blood4 ,b ,plato1 :o is real to u & :o has influ5c$ s pr(\ndly mod]n ?\ght1 ,plato took _! !ory & display$ x to ! ,we/]n _w z ! mo/ logical explanation ( ! my/]y ( be+4 ,! !ory ( transmigration did n comm5d itself to ,roman ?9k]s1 ?\gh x 0 admirably /at$ by a ,roman poet3-- 8,omnia mutantur3 nihil int]it4 ,errat1 et ill9c ,huc v5it1 h9c illuc1 et quoslibet occupat artus ,spiritus1 eque f]is1 humana 9 corpora transit1 ,inque f]as no/]1 nec tempore dep]it ullo4 ,utque novis facilis signatur c]a figuris1 ,nec manet ut fu]at1 nec =mas s]vat easdem1 ,s$ tam5 ipsa eadem e/3 animam sic semp] e&em ,esse40 ,?is description is z accurate z x is elegant2 b x rema9s a "q :e!r ,ovid _h any?+ deep] ?an a folk-lori/'s int]e/ 9 transmigration jo9$ to a c]ta9 sympa?y :i* x (t5 inspires 9 ^? :o are fond ( animals4 ,! en?usia/ic folk-lori/ f9ds himself believ+ 9 all sorts ( ?+s at odd times4 ,lucian's admir]s at ,rome d\btless enjoy$ 8 ridicul\s /ory ( a ,py?agorean cock :i* _h be5 a man1 a woman1 a pr9ce1 a subject1 a fi%1 a horse & a frog1 & :i* summ$ up its v>i$ exp]i5ce 9 ! judgm5t t man 0 ! mo/ wret*$ & deplorable ( all creatures1 all o!rs pati5tly graz+ )9 ! enclosures ( ,nature :ile man alone breaks out & /rays beyond ^? safe limits4 ,?is /ory 0 retold ) great gu/o by ,erasmus4 ,! ,romans 7 a p ) inclusive prejudices1 & !y 7 n likely to welcome a n>r[+ ( ! gulf betwe5 !mselves & ! bea/s ( ! field4 ,cic]o's dictum t1 :ile man looks be=e & aft]1 analys+ ! pa/ & =eca/+ ! future1 animals h only ! p]ception ( ! pres5t1 does n g to ! excess ( ^? lat] !ori/s :o1 l ,desc>tes1 r$uc$ animals to automata1 b x goes f>!r ?an sci5tific writ]s on ! subject w\ld n[ all[ to be ju/ifi$4 ,x is wor? :ile ask+1 :at 0 x t s p[]fully attract$ ,plato 9 ! !ory ( transmigration8 ,i ?9k t ,plato1 :o made a sci5ce ( ! moral tra9+ ( ! m9d1 0 attract$ by s\l-w&]+ z a s*eme ( s\l-evolution4 ,in/ead ( look+ at x z a matt] ( fact :i* presuppos$ an e?ical root 7:i* is ! ,indian view71 he look$ ^u x z an e?ical root :i* presuppos$ a matt] ( fact4 ,he 0 influ5c$ a little1 no d\bt1 by ! desire to get rid ( ,hades1 8an unpleasant place10 z he says1 8& n true10 = :i* he felt a peculi> antipa?y1 b he 0 influ5c$ f> m by see+ 9 s\l-w&]+ a rational !ory ( ! asc5t ( ! s\l1 a ,d>w9ism ( ! _s4 8,we are plants10 he said1 8n ( e>? b ( heav510 b x takes ! plants ( heav5 a long "t to gr[4 ,we ought to admire ! ,indian m9d1 :i* fir/ seiz$ ! idea ( "t 9 relation to developm5t & so>$ out ( ! cage ( hi/ory 7v]itable or imag9>y7 into lib]al ons to acc\nt = "o p]fect s\l1 "o plant t _h accompli%$ its heav5ly de/9y4 ,b ?\gh ! ,indian se] argues ) ,plato t virtue has its own rew>d 7n s mu* an outw>d rew>d ( improv$ environm5t z an inw>d rew>d ( approximation to p]fection71 he disagrees ) ! ,greek philosoph] ) reg>d to ! practical result ( all ?is z x affects any ( u p]sonally4 ,plato f\nd ! !ory ( transmigration entirely consol+2 ! ,indian f9ds x entirely ! rev]se4 ,c ! reason be t ,plato took ! !ory z a beautiful symbol :ile ! ,indian takes x z a dire reality8 ,! ,h9du is z mu* conv9c$ t ! s\l is re-born 9 diff]5t animals z we are t *ildr5 are born ( wom54 ,he is conv9c$ ( x1 b he is n consol$ by x4 ,let u reflect a little3 does n "o life give u "t to get some:at tir$ ( x2 h[ %\ld we feel aft] fifte5 hundr$ lives8 ,! w&]+ ,jew has nev] be5 ?\ght an object ( envy1 b ! w&]+ s\l has a we>i] lot2 x kn[s ! sorr[s ( all creation4 8,h[ _m bir?s are pa/ ,i _c tell1 ,h[ _m yet may be no man may say1 ,b ?is alone ,i "k & "k full well1 ,t pa9 & grief embitt] all ! way40#a ,footnote #a3 8,folk-,songs ( ,s\!rn ,india10 by ,*>les ,e4 ,gov]1 a fasc9at+ b little-kn[n "w4 ,r ?an ?is--dea?4 ,h[ f> deep] ! gloom reveal$ by ^! l9es f ! folk-songs ( an obscure ,dravidian tribe liv+ 9 ! ,nilgiri ,hills1 ?an any :i* cultur$ ,we/]n pessimism c %[6 ,comp>$ ) !m1 ! despair+ cry ( ,baudelaire seems almo/ a hymn ( joy3-- 8',tis dea? t *e]s & gives u /r5g? to live1 ',tis life's *ief aim1 sole hope t c abide1 ,our w9e1 elixir1 glad re/orative ,:5ce we ga9 he>t to walk till ev5tide4 ,?r\gh sn[1 ?r\gh fro/1 ?r\gh tempe/s x c give ,light t p]vades ?' horizon d>k & wide2 ,! inn :i* makes secure :5 we arrive ,our food & sleep1 all lab\r laid aside4 ,x is an ,angel ^: magnetic h& ,gives quiet sleep & dreams ( extasy1 ,& /rews a b$ = nak$ folk & poor4 ',tis ! god's prize1 ! my/ic gran>y1 ,! poor man's purse & 8 old native l&1 ,& ( ! unkn[n skies ! op5+ door40 ,folk-songs are m valuable aids ?an ! high] lit]ature ( nations 9 an inquiry z to :at !y really believe4 ,! religion ( ! ,dravidian m\nta9e]s is purely ,aryan 7?\gh _! race is n72 _! songs may be tak51 !re=e1 z ,aryan docum5ts4 ,!y are p>ticul>ly *>act]i/ic ( ! dual belief z to a future /ate :i* is1 to ?is day1 widely diffus$4 ,h[ firmly ^! p believe 9 transmigration ! quatra9 quot$ above be>s witness2 yet !y also believe t s\ls are liable to imm$iate judgm5t4 ,?is contradiction is expla9$ by ! !ory t a long int]val may elapse betwe5 dea? & re-inc>nation & t dur+ ?is int]val ! s\l meets ) a rew>d or puni%m5t4 ,to say ! tru?1 ! explanation s\nds a r lame "o4 ,is x n m likely t ! idea ( imm$iate judgm5t1 :]ev] x appe>s1 is a relic ( ,v$ic belief :i* has to be reconcil$1 z be/ x c1 ) ! lat] idea ( transmigration8 ,! ,dravidian songs are rem>kable = _! /rong inculcation ( reg>d = animals4 ,9 _! impressive fun]al dirge :i* is a public confession ( ! dead man's s9s1 x is own$ t he kill$ a snake1 a liz>d & a h>mless frog4 ,& t n m]e lifetak+ 0 ! po9t condemn$1 is cle>ly prov$ by ! fur!r admission t ! del9qu5t put ! "y ox to ! pl\gh be=e x 0 /rong en\gh to "w4 ,9 a ,dravidian vision ( ,heav5 & ,hell c]ta9 ( ! ,ble/ are p]ceiv$ milk+ _! happy k9e1 & x is expla9$ t ^! are !y :o1 :5 !y saw ! lo/ k9e ( neighb\r or /rang] 9 ! hills1 drove !m home nor left !m to p]i% f tig] or wolf4 ,surely 9 ?is1 z 9 ! ,jewi% comm& :i* x s closely resembles1 we may read m]cy to bea/ z well z to man4 ,x is sometimes said t !re is z mu* cruelty to animals 9 ,india z any:]e4 ,"s ( ?is cruelty 7z x seems to u7 is caus$ directly by reluctance to take life2 ( ! o!r sort1 caus$ by call\sness1 x c be only said t ! human brute gr[s "u e sky4 ,"o great fact is admitt$3 *ildr5 are n cruel 9 ,india3 ,victor ,hugo c\ld n h writt5 8 t]rible poem ab\t ! torm5t$ toad 9 ,india4 ,i ?9k x a mi/ake to attribute ! ,indian s5tim5t t[>ds animals :olly to transmigration2 nev]!less1 x may be grant$ t su* a belief fo/]s su* a s5tim5t4 ,inde$1 if x 7 all[able to look ^u ! religion ( ! _m z ! morality ( ! "o1 x w\ld seem natural to suppose t ! !ory ( transmigration 0 inv5t$ by "s creature-lov+ sage on purpose to give m5 a fell[-feel+ = _! humbl] relations4 ,ev5 s1 _m a bit ( innoc5t folk-fable has s]v$ z 8protective col\ration0 to bea/ or bird3 ! leg5d ( ! rob9 :o cov]$ up ! ,babes 9 ! ,wood2 ! leg5d ( ! swall[ :o did "s little s]vice to ! crucifi$ ,savi\r1 & h[ _m o!r su* t5d] fancies4 ,:o inv5t$ !m1 & :y8 ,if ,plato _h wi%$ simply to f9d a happy sub/itute = ,hades1 he might h f\nd x--_h he look$ f> en\gh--9 ! ,v$ic k+dom ( ! sun1 radiant & et]nal1 :]e sorr[ is n1 :]e ! crook$ are made /raight1 rul$ ov] by ,yama ! fir/ man to die & ! fir/ to live aga91 dea?'s bright angel1 "l ( ! holy dep>t$--h[ f> f ,pluto & ! 8,t>t>ean grey40 ,x w\ld n h provid$ a solution to ! my/]y ( be+1 b x might h made _m conv]ts1 = aft] a happy heav5 all antiquity ?ir/$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,buddhi/ic ,,tig]4 ,briti% ,museum4 7,f a pa9t+ on silk by ,ko-,t47 ,x is n sure if ! s*eme ( exi/5ce mapp$ out 9 s\l-w&]+ is really m consol+ = bea/ ?an = man4 ,x is a poor complim5t to "s dogs to say t !y h be5 "s m54 ,!n aga91 x is recognis$ z easi] = a dog to be good ?an = a man to be good1 b aft] a dog has pass$ 8 little life 9 well-do+ he dies ) ! prospect t 8 _s1 :i* by 8 m]its becomes aga9 a man1 w be s5t d[n1 by t man's transgressions1 to ! society ( jackals4 ,accord+ to ! doctr9e ( s\l-w&]+1 animals are1 9 brief1 ! ,purgatory ( m54 ,j z pray]s = ! dead 7:i* means1 pray]s = ! remission to !m ( a m]it$ p]iod ( probation7 repres5t an important bran* ( ,ca?olic obs]vances1 s pray]s = ! remission ( a "p ( ! "t :i* s\ls w\ld o!rwise sp5d 9 animal =ms con/itute ! mo/ vital & ess5tial feature 9 ,brahmanical wor%ip4 ,( c\rse1 ?is is also true ( ,buddhism1 to :i* _m p ?9k t ! !ory ( s\l-w&]+ belongs exclusively1 unm9dful t ! old] fai? has x z well4 ,! foll[+ hymn1 us$ 9 ,?ibet1 %[s h[ accurately ! "n ( ,purgatory applies to ! animal inc>nations ( ! s\l3-- 8,if we human be+s h amass$ any m]it ,9 ! ?ree /ates1 ,we rejoice 9 ?is good =tune :5 we consid] ,! un=tunate lot ( ! poor l[] animals1 ,pite\sly engulph$ 9 ! ocean ( mis]y2 ,on _! behalf1 we n[ turn ! ,:eel ( ,religion40 ,!re are gr\nds = ?9k+ t ! purgatorial view ( animals 0 "p ( ! religi\s beliefs ( ! highly civilis$ native races ( ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,! ,*ri/ianis$ ,indians are v g5tle 9 _! ways t[>ds animals1 :ile among ! savage tribes 9 ,c5tral ,p]u 7:i* are probably degrad$ (f-%oots f ! p ( ! ,incas7 ! belief /ill survives t good m5 become monkeys or jagu>s1 & bad m5 p>rots or reptiles4 ,= ! re/1 s\l-w&]+ has an endur+ fasc9ation = ! human m9d4 ,9 ,janu>y1 #aijg1 ,le&ro ,improta1 a "y man well furni%$ ) worldly goods1 %ot himself 9 a caf at ,naples4 ,8 pocket 0 f\nd to conta9 a lett] 9 :i* he said t ! act 0 prompt$ by a desire to /udy metempsy*osis2 mu* _h be5 writt5 on ! subject1 b x pleas$ him bett] to discov] ?an to talk3 8s ,i det]m9$ to die & see :e!r ,i %all be re-born 9 ! =m ( "s animal4 ,x w\ld be delightful to return to ?is _w z a lion or a rat40 ,x might n prove delightful aft] all6 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,ii ,,! ,,greek ,,conception ,,( ,,animals 8,,! h]alds br\ght a sacr$ hecatomb to ! gods ?r\gh ! city & ! long-hair$ ,grecians 7 assembl$ "u ! %ady grove ( f>-d>t+ ,apollo1 b :5 !y _h ta/$ ! upp] fle% & _h drawn x out1 hav+ divid$ ! %>es1 !y made a delightful fea/40 ,9 ?is description ! poet ( ! ,odyssey n only calls up a wond]fully vivid picture ( an anci5t fte-day1 b also %[s ! habit ( m9d ( ! ,hom]ic ,greeks 9 reg>d to animal food4 ,!y 7 voraci\s eat]s--al?\gh ! frequ5t ref]5ce to fea/s ought n to make u suppose t meat 0 _! con/ant diet2 r ! rev]se1 = !n x w\ld n h be5 s highly rat$4 ,b :5 !y _h ! *ance1 !y c]ta9ly did eat ) unfa/idi\s copi\sness & una%am$ enjoym5t4 ,x is n pleasant to read ab\t1 = x sets "o ?9k+ ( ?+s by no means f> away or old2 = in/ance1 ( ! disappe>ance ( half-cook$ beef at "s ,cont95tal tables d'hte4 ,we f9d t ,hom] is pa9fully ne> u4 ,b 9 ,hom]ic times ! gho/ ( a scruple _h to be laid be=e ! fea/ c\ld be enjoy$4 ,animal food 0 /ill closely connect$ ) ! idea ( sacrifice4 ,sacrifice l5ds di/9ction to subject z well z object2 x 0 "s atonem5t to ! animal to d$icate him to ! gods4 ,he 0 cov]$ ) g>l&s & att5d$ by long-rob$ prie/s2 8 doom 0 8 triumph4 ,! devot$ heif] or fir/l+ ( ! flock 0 glorifi$ beyond all its k9d4 ,"s late sceptic ( ! ,an?ology ask$ :at possible diff]5ce x c\ld make to ! %eep :e!r x 7 dev\r$ by a wolf or sacrific$ to ,h]akles s t he might protect ! %eepfold f wolves8 ,b scepticism is a poor ?+4 ,f immolation to apo!osis !re is b a /ep2 h[ _m human victims will+ly b[$ _! heads to ! knife6 ,! sacrificial aspect ( ! slaught] ( dome/ic animals took a /rong hold ( ! popul> imag9ation4 ,x is /ill sugge/$ by ! procession ( g>l&$ bea/s :i* trav]ses ! ,italian village on ! approa* ( ,ea/]3 ! only "t ( ye> :5 ! ,italian peasant t\*es meat4 ,9 ! tawdry trave/y ( ! ,buf gras1 ?\gh ! orig9 is ! same1 e %r$ ( ! old significance is lo/1 b among simple folk s\? ( ! ,alps1 un=m$ ?\ghts :i* "k n :5ce !y come /ill contribute a sort ( religi\s glam\r to t la/ pageant4 ,f> back1 inde$1 /ret*es ! procession ( ! victims1 human & animal--= :]ev] !re 0 animal sacrifice1 at "s remote epo*1 8! goat )\t horns0 0 also (f]$ up4 ,! ,hom]ic ,greeks _h no but*]s2 !y did ! slay+ ( bea/s !mselves or _! prie/s did x = !m4 ,agamemnon kills ! bo> sacrific$ to ,zeus ) 8 own h&s1 :i* are fir/ uplift$ 9 pray]4 ,! commone/ meat 0 ! fle% ( sw9e1 z may be se5 by ! pig ( sop :i* repli$1 on be+ ask$ by ! %eep :y he cri$ out :5 caught1 8,!y take y = y\r wool or milk1 b me = my life40 ,9 ,hom]1 h[ev]1 !re is mu* talk ( fatt$ %eep1 kids & ox51 & !re is ev5 m5tion ( kill+ a c[4 ,! ,a!nians _h qualms ab\t slaught]+ ! ox1 ! animal ess5tial to agriculture--?\gh !y did x--b ! ,hom]ic ,greek 0 n tr\bl$ by su* ?\ghts4 ,he 0 n ov] nice ab\t any?+2 he 0 8 own cook1 & he did n lose 8 appetite :ile he roa/$ 8 bit ( meat on ! spit4 ,a ,greek repa/ ( t age w\ld h %ock$ ! ab/emi\s ,indian z mu* z ! ,h9du re=m]1 ,ke%ub ,*und] ,s51 confess$ to h be5 %ock$ by ! huge jo9ts on ,engli% sidebo>ds4 ,putt+ aside 8 meat-eat+ proclivities1 = :i* we _c ?r[ /ones at him1 ! ,greek ( ! ,iliad & ( ! ,odyssey is ! fri5d ( 8 bea/4 ,he does n reg>d x z 8 long-lo/ bro!r1 b he sees 9 x a devot$ s]vant2 sometimes m ?an human 9 love if less ?an human 9 wit4 ,8 po9t ( view1 ?\gh deta*$1 0 appreciative4 ,practically x 0 ! po9t ( view ( ! tw5tie? c5tury4 ,hom] belongs to ! ,we/]n _w1 & 9 a great measure to ! mod]n ,we/]n _w4 ,he _h no racial fell[-feel+ ) animals2 yet he c\ld feel = ! sp>r[ t flutt]s r\nd its murd]$ "y ones & = ! vulture t r5ds ! air ) cries :5 ! c\ntryman takes its fl$gl+s f ! ne/4 ,he c\ld %$ "o immortal te> ov] ! fai?ful h\nd t recognises 8 ma/] & dies4 8,!re lay ! dog ,argus1 full ( v]m940 ,if x _h n be5 a liv+ creature1 :at sight c\ld h m repell$ human eyes8 ,b ) dog z ) man1 ! mis]able body is z naught beside--:at 9 ! man we call ! s\l4 8,he fawn$ ) 8 tail & laid d[n bo? 8 e>s1 b he c\ld no m come ne>] 8 ma/]40 ,all ! s5se ( disgu/ is gone & !re is some?+ moi/1 p]haps1 9 our eyes too1 ?\gh x is n ! i*or ( immortality4 ,giv+ names to animals is ! fir/ in/9ctive confession t !y are n ?+s4 ,:at s5sible man ev] call$ 8 table ,c>lo or 8 inkpot ,trilby8 ,hom] gives 8 horses ! usual names ( horses 9 8 day2 ?is is %[n by ! fact t he calls m ?an "o horse by ! same "n4 ,hector's /e$s 7 ,xan?us1 ?on & noble ,lampus2 (t5 w\ld ,&roma*e mix w9e = !m ev5 be=e %e att5d$ to ! wants ( h] husb&1 or (f] !m ! sweet b>ley ) h] own :ite h&s4 ! is ! "n ( ,agamemnon's graceful & fleet-foot$ m>e4 ,xan?us & ,balius1 (fspr+ ( ,pod>ges1 are ! horses :i* ,a*illes receiv$ f 8 fa!r4 ,he bids !m br+ _! *>iote] back 9 safety to ! body ( ! ,greeks--& !n foll[s ! impressive incid5t ( ! w>n+ giv5 to him ( 8 imp5d+ fate4 ,! horse ,xan?us b5ds l[ 8 head3 8 long mane1 :i* is collect$ 9 a r+1 droops till x t\*es ! gr\nd4 ,h]a gives him p[] ( spee* & he tells h[1 ?\gh ! /e$s ( ,a*illes w d _! "p "r well1 n all _! swiftness1 n all _! fai?ful s]vice c save _! ma/] f ! doom t ev5 n[ is draw+ ne>4 8,! furies re/ra9 ! voice03 ! laws :i* gov]n ! natural ord] ( ?+s mu/ n be violat$4 8,o ,xan?us10 cries ,a*illes1 8,o ,xan?us1 :y do/ ?\ pr$ict my dea?8444 ,well d ,i "k myself t x is my fate to p]i% "h1 f> away f my de> fa!r & "m60 ,x is ! passionate cry ( ! ,greek1 ! lov] ( life z none has lov$ x1 ! lov] ( ! sweet air gladd5$ by ! sun4 ,_m a soldi] may h spok5 to 8 horse1 half 9 je/1 z ,a*illes spoke to ,xan?us & ,balius3 8br+ me safely out ( ! fray40 ,! sup]natural & t]rible reply comes ) ! %ock ( ! un=ese51 l a clap ( ?und] on a calm day4 ,?is incid5t is a dep>ture f ! usual ,hom]ic conv5tionality1 = x takes u into ! doma9 ( real magic4 ,! belief t animals "k ?+s t we "k n1 & see ?+s t we see n1 is scatt]$ ov] all ! e>?4 ,are !re n /ill good p :o feel an 8e]ie0 s5sation :5 a cat />es fix$ly into vacancy 9 ! twilight8 8,e]ie0 s5sations c\nt = mu* 9 e>ly beliefs1 b :at c\nts = m is ! obs]vation ( actual facts :i* are n &1 p]haps1 _c be expla9$4 ,! uneas9ess ( animals be=e an e>?quake1 or ! refusal ( "s animals to g to sea on %ips :i* aft]w>ds come to grief--to ref] to only two in/ances ( a class ( ph5om5a ! exi/5ce ( :i* _c be ga9said--w\ld be suffici5t to conv9ce any savage or any primitive man t animals h =ekn[l$ge4 ,if !y "k ! future on "o po9t1 :y %\ld !y n "k x on o!rs8 ,! primitive man g5]ally />ts f some?+ :i* he deems c]ta92 he deals 9 8c]ta9ties0 f> m ?an 9 hypo!ses1 & :5 he has seiz$ a 8c]ta9ty0 9 8 own fa%ion he draws logical d$uctions f x4 ,savages & *ildr5 h a ru?less logic ( _! own4 ,! prophetic p[] ( animals has important be>+s on ! subject ( div9ation4 ,9 cases ( animal port5ts ! lat] !ory may h be5 t ! animal 0 ! passive in/rum5t or m$ium ( a sup]ior p[]2 b x is n likely t ?is 0 ! e>lie/ !ory4 ,! goddess did n use ,xan?us z a m\?piece3 %e simply gave him ! faculty ( spee* s t he c\ld say :at he already knew4 ,! second sight ( animals 0 believ$ to be communicable to man ?r\gh _! fle%1 & especially ?r\gh _! blood4 ,porphyry says pla9ly t div9]s f$ on ! he>ts ( cr[s1 vultures1 & moles 7! he>t be+ ! f\nta9 ( ! blood71 because 9 ?is mann] !y p>took ( ! s\ls ( ^! animals1 & receiv$ ! influ5ce ( ! gods :o accompani$ ^! s\ls4 ,! blood convey$ ! qualities ( ! _s4 ,9 my op9ion ! ,hebrew ord9ance aga9/ p>tak+ ( ! blood 0 connect$ ) ?is idea2 ! s\l 0 n to be m$dl$ )4 ,i d n "k if att5tion has be5 paid to ! rem>kable juxtaposition ( ! blood prohibition ) en*antm5t 9 ,leviticus xix4 #bf4 ,! ,in/itutes ( ,manu cle>ly indicate t ! blood 0 n to be swall[$ because1 by do+ s1 c\ld be procur$ an illicit mix+ up ( p]sonality3 ! mo/ awful ( s9s1 m awful because s mu* m my/]i\s ?an our m$ival 8pact10 or sell+ ! s\l to ! devil4 ,a k ( magic is ess5tial to ! true compreh5sion ( all sacr$ writ+s4 ,t animals =m]ly talk$ ) human voices 0 ! g5u9e belief ( mo/ e>ly races1 b !re are few traces ( x 9 ,greek lit]ature4 ,a h9t ( a real folk-belief is to be f\nd1 p]haps1 9 ! rem>k ( ,clytemne/ra1 :o says ( ,cass&ra1 :5 %e w n desc5d f ! c> t has br\ght h]1 a prison]1 to ,agamemnon's palace3-- 8,i wot--unless l swall[s %e do? use ,"s /range b>b>ian tongue f ov] sea1 ,my words mu/ br+ p]suasion to h] s\l40 ,b su* h9ts are n frequ5t4 ,! /ories ( 8talk+ bea/s0 :i* enjoy$ an imm5se popul>ity 9 ,greece 7 f\nd$ on z consci\s 8make-believe0 z ! ,bea/ tales ( ! ,middle ,ages4 ,f ! 8,battle ( ! ,frogs & ,mice0 to sop's fables1 & f ^! to ! com$ies ( ,ari/ophanes1 ! animals are meant to hold up human follies to ridicule or human virtues to admiration4 ,! object 0 to in/ruct :ile amus+ :5 x 0 n to amuse )\t in/ruct+4 sop h>dly asks ! mo/ guileless to believe t 8 /ories are ( ! 8all true0 category--:i* is :y *ildr5 r>ely q take !m to _! he>ts4 ,at ! same "t1 he %[s a close /udy ( ! idiosyncrasies ( animals1 s close t !re is little to alt] 9 8 *>act]isation4 ,out ( ! mass ( /ories 9 ! collection attribut$ to him1 "o or two only seem to c>ry u back to a m +5u\s age4 ,! foll[+ beautiful little tale ( ! 8,lion's ,k+dom0 is vaguely rem9isc5t ( ! _w-tradition ( a 8,peace 9 ,nature40 8,! bea/s ( ! field & =e/ _h a lion z _! k+4 ,he 0 nei!r wra?ful1 cruel1 nor tyrannical1 b j & g5tle z a k+ c\ld be4 ,he made dur+ 8 reign a proclamation = a g5]al assembly ( all ! birds & bea/s1 & drew up conditions = an univ]sal league 9 :i* ! ,wolf & ! ,lamb1 ! ,pan!r & ! ,kid1 ! ,tig] & ! ,/ag1 ! ,dog & ! ,h>e1 %\ld live toge!r 9 p]fect peace & amity4 ,! ,h>e said1 #8,oh1 h[ ,i h long$ to see ?is day1 9 :i* ! weak %all take _! place ) impunity by ! side ( ! /rong4'0 ,! temp] ( a p t[>ds animals c be judg$ f its sports4 ,x has be5 well said1 ,:o c\ld imag9e ,p]icles presid+ ov] a 8,roman holiday08 ,wanton cruelty to animals seem$ to ! ,greeks an outrage to ! gods4 ,! ,a!nians inflict$ a f9e on a vivisector ( ! "n ( ,x5ocrates 7he call$ himself a 8philosoph]07 :o _h sk9n$ a goat alive4 ,9 ,greece1 f ,hom]ic times d[nw>ds1 ! mo/ fav\rite sport 0 ! *>iot-race :i*1 at fir/1 possess$ ! importance ( a religi\s ev5t1 & always _h a dignity above t ( a m]e pa/ime4 ,! horses receiv$ _! full %>e ( hon\r & glory2 = _m c5turies ! graves ( ,cimon's m>es1 ) :i* he _h ?rice conqu]$ at ! ,olympian games1 7 po9t$ out to ! /rang]1 ne> 8 own tomb4 ,9 ! anci5t ,greek z 9 ! mod]n _w1 :ile ! majority held ! views ab\t animals :i* ,i h briefly sket*$1 a small m9ority held views ( q a diff]5t k9d4 ,x may be t no outw>d ag5cy is requir$ to cause ! p]iodical appe>ance ( m5 :o are driv5 f ! common road by ! no/algia ( a /ate 9 :i* ! human creature _h n le>nt to %$ blood4 ,! e>lie/ tradition agrees ) ! late/ sci5ce 9 te/ify+ t man did n always eat fle%4 ,x seems z if sometimes1 9 e "p ( ! e>?1 an irresi/ible impulse takes hold ( him to resume 8 primal h>mlessness4 ,x is natural1 h[ev]1 t /ud5ts %\ld h s\ght "s m def9ite explanation = ! introduction ( ! ,orphic sect into ,greece1 :]e x c be trac$ to ab\t ! "t g5]ally giv5 to ,buddha--! six? c5tury ,b4,c4 ,"s h conjectur$ t d>k-sk9n$1 :ite-rob$ mission>ies f ,india p5etrat$ into ,europe z we "k t !y p5etrat$ into ,*9a1 br++ ) !m ! gospel ( ! unity ( all s5ti5t ?+s4 ,o!rs agree ) :at seems to h be5 ?\ght by ,h]odotus3 t w&]+ pilgrims br\ght home treasur$ secrets f ! temple ( ,ammon or "s o!r ( ^? ,egyptian %r9es ) :i* ! ,greeks con/antly kept up c]ta9 rapports4 ,x may be1 n[1 t ^! two !ories w be ab&on$ 9 fav\r ( a ?ird :i* w\ld ref] ! orig9 ( ! ,orphi/s to gean times & suppose !m to be ! la/ foll[]s ( an e>li] fai?4 ,:5 !y d come into hi/ory1 x is z poor & ignorant p--l ! ,d\khobors ( to-day--^: obscurity might well acc\nt = _! hav+ rema9$ long unobs]v$4 ,b ?is is no reason = conclud+ t _! beg9n+s 7 obscure4 ,:at is be/ und]/ood ab\t !m is t !y ab/a9$ rigor\sly f fle% except dur+ ! r>e p]=mance ( "s rite ( purification1 9 :i* !y ta/$ ! blood ( a bull :i* 0 suppos$ to procure my/ic union ) ! div9e4 ,z happ5$ ) ! p]=m]s ( o!r cruel or horrid rites1 ! transc5d5t significance !y ascrib$ to ! act p>alys$ _! p[] ( recognis+ its revolt+ nature4 ,a diseas$ spiritualism :i* ignores matt] altoge!r is ! real key to su* ph5om5a4 ,x is too soon to say :e!r any l9k c be e/abli%$ betwe5 ! ,orphic practices & ! s-call$ 8bull-fights0 ( :i* traces h be5 f\nd 9 ,crete4 ,despis$ & taboo$ ?\gh !y 7 9 hi/orical ,greece1 ! ,orphi/s are /ill held to h ex]cis$ "s sure ?\gh undef9$ influ5ce on ! developm5t ( ! greate/ spiritual fact ( ,hell5ic civilisation1 ! ,eleus9ian ,my/]ies4 ,illu/ration3 7,photo3 ,somm]7 ,,orpheus4 7,fresco at ,pompeii47 ,! popul> description ( ,orpheus z f\nd] ( ! ,orphi/s mu/ be tak5 = :at x is wor?4 ,! sect may h ei!r evolv$ or borr[$ ! leg5d4 ,*ri/ianity itself appropriat$ ! my? ( ,orpheus1 pictorially1 at lea/1 9 ^? rude trac+s 9 ! ,roman catacombs %[+ ! ,good ,%eph]d 9 t "*1 :i* inspir$ ,c>lyle to write "o ( ! mo/ impassion$ passages 9 ,engli% prose4 ,! sweet lute-play] :o held entranc$ lion & lamb till ! "o =got 8 wra? & ! o!r 8 fe>1 0 ! natural symbol ( ! prototype ( a humane religion4 ,out ( ! nebul\s pat*es ( ,greek en?usia/s :o *]i%$ t5d] feel+s t[>ds animals1 em]ges ! intellectual sun ( ! ,samian sage4 ,x is difficult n to connect ,py?agoras 9 "s way ) ! ,orphi/s1 nor w\ld su* a connexion make x ! less probable t he j\rney$ to ! sacr$ ,ea/ 9 se>* ( full] k4 ,little1 inde$1 d we "k ab\t ?is m\ld] ( m9ds4 ,he pass$ across ! _w's /age d>k 8) excess ( light0--an influ5ce r ?an a p]sonality4 ,yet he 0 z f> z possible f be+ only a dream] ( dreams2 he 0 ! ,newton1 ! ,galileo1 p]haps ! ,edison & ,m>coni ( 8 epo*4 ,& x 0 ?is d\ble "* ( moral tea*] & man ( sci5ce :i* caus$ ! extraord9>y rev]5ce ) :i* he 0 reg>d$4 ,sci5ce & religion 7 n divorc$ !n2 ! ,prophet c\ld pres5t no cr$5tials s valid z an und]/&+ ( ! laws :i* gov]n ! univ]se4 ,ma!matics & a/ronomy 7 revelations ( div9e tru?4 ,x 0 ! sci5tific insight ( ,py?agoras1 ! wond]ful range & dep? ( :i* is borne out m & m by mod]n discov]ies1 t l5t supreme importance to :atev] !ories he 0 kn[n to h held4 ,! doctr9e ( transmigration _h n be5 treat$ s]i\sly :ile x 0 only prea*$ by ! ,orphi/s1 b aft] x 0 adopt$ by ,py?agoras x comm&$ a wide att5tion1 ?\gh x nev] won a l>ge acceptance4 ,"o exp\nd] x _h1 :o 0 too rem>kable an orig9al ?9k] to be call$ a m]e disciple--! greatly-gift$ ,emp$ocles1 :o d5\nc$ ! eat]s ( fle% z no bett] ?an cannibals1 :i* 0 go+ fur!r ?an ,py?agoras himself _h ev] gone4 ,ev5 9 antiquity1 !re 7 "s :o suspect$ t at ! bottom ( ! ,py?agorean propag&a 0 ! wi% to make m5 m humane4 ,)\t tak+ t view1 x may be grant$ t a /rong love ( animals prep>es ! m9d to ?9k ( !m z n s v diff]5t f m54 ,a ?+ t t5ds 9 ! same direction is ! unfav\rable comp>ison ( "s m5 ) "s bea/s3 ! sort ( s5tim5t :i* made ,madame de ,/al say t ! m %e knew ( m5 ! m %e lik$ dogs4 ,did n ,d>w9 decl>e t he w\ld z soon be desc5d$ f t h]oic little monkey :o brav$ 8 dread$ enemy to save ! life ( 8 keep]1 or f t old baboon :o1 desc5d+ f ! m\nta9s1 c>ri$ away 9 triumph 8 "y comrade f a cr[d ( a/oni%$ dogs1 z f v>i\s /ill extant races ( mank9d8 ,d>w9ism is really ! !ory ( ,py?agoras ) ! sup]natural elem5t left out4 ,! homog5eity ( liv+ ?+s is "o ( ! v old beliefs f :i* we /ray$ & to :i* we are return+4 ,among ! ,greeks1 s5sitive & m$itative m9ds :i* did n place fai? 9 ! ,py?agorean sy/em ( life 7 attract$1 nev]!less1 by its speculative possibilities :i* !y b5t to _! own purposes4 ,?us ,socrates borr[$ f ,py?agoras :5 he sugge/$ t imp]fect & e>?-b\nd spirits might be re-incorporat$ 9 animals ^: conv5tionally ascrib$ *>act]i/ics correspond$ ) _! own moral natures4 ,unju/1 tyrannical1 & viol5t m5 w\ld become wolves1 hawks1 & kites1 :ile good commonplace p--virtu\s ,phili/9es--w\ld take bett] =ms1 su* z ants1 bees1 & wasps1 all ( :i* live h>moni\sly 9 communities4 ,x is pleasant to f9d t ,socrates did ju/ice to t intellig5t insect1 ! undes]v$ly asp]s$ wasp4 ,m5 :o are good 9 all respects save ! highe/1 may re-assume human =ms4 ,socrates does n expla9 :y x is t humanity progresses s sl[ly if x is always be+ recruit$ f su* good mat]ial8 ,he passes on f ^! righte\s m5 to ! sup]-excell5t man to :om alone he allots translation into a div9e & :olly immat]ial sph]e2 he x is :o dep>ts f ?is _w completely pure ( e>?ly dross2 :o _c be mov$ by ill-=tune1 pov]ty1 disgrace2 :o has 8ov]come ! _w0 9 ! ,paul9e s5se1 :o has di$ :ile liv+1 9 ! ,indian s5se4 ,?\gh ,socrates does n say s1 x is ?is sup]-excell5t man :o really conv9ces him ( ! immortality ( ! s\l accord+ to ! mean+ :i* we atta* to ^! words4 ,t ! m t5d] & poetic aspects ( ,py?agorean speculations _h deeply impress$ ,socrates c be se5 by ! fact t !y recurr$ to 8 m9d 9 ! mo/ solemn h\r ( 8 life4 ,f ^! he drew ! lovely p>able ) :i* he g5tly reprov$ ! fri5ds :o 7 come to take leave ( him = _! surprise at f9d+ him no wise depress$4 ,he asks if he appe>s to !m inf]ior 9 div9ation to ! swans1 :o1 :5 !y p]ceive t !y mu/ die1 ?\gh giv5 to song be=e1 !n s+ ! mo/ ( all1 delight$ at ! prospect ( _! dep>ture to ! deity ^: m9i/]s !y are4 ,mank9d has said falsely ( ! swans t !y s+ ?r\gh dread ( dea? & f grief4 ,^? :o say ?is d n reflect t no bird s+s :5 x is hungry or cold or afflict$ ) any o!r pa91 n ev5 ! night+ale or swall[ or hoopoe1 :i* are said to s+ a dirge-l /ra91 8b nei!r d !y appe> to me to s+ = grief nor d ! swans1 b z p]ta9+ to ,apollo !y are skill$ 9 ! div9+ art1 & hav+ a =ekn[l$ge ( ! bliss 9 ,hades1 !y express _! joy 9 song on t day r ?an at any previ\s "t4 ,b ,i believe myself to be a fell[-s]vant ( ! swans & consecrat$ to ! same div9ity1 & t ,i am no less gift$ by my ma/] 9 ! art ( div9ation1 nor am ,i dep>t+ ) less good grace ?an !y40 ,socrates w\ld n h be5 8! wise/ ( m50 if he _h dogmatis$ ab\t ! unkn[able2 to insi/1 he says1 t ?+s 7 j z he describ$ !m1 w\ld n become an intellig5t be+2 he only claim$ an approximate approa* to ! tru?4 ,9 appe>ance ,plato w5t ne>] to dogmatic acceptance ( ! !ory ( ! transmigration ( s\ls1 b probably x 0 9 appe>ance only4 ,l 8 ma/]1 he ?\ght x reasonable to suppose t ! human s\l asc5d$ if x _h done well1 & desc5d$ if x _h done ill1 & ( ?is asc5t & desc5t he took z symbol its attirem5t 9 high] or l[] corporeal =ms till1 fre$ f ! corruptible1 x jo9$ ! incorruptible4 ,! ,greeks 7 ! fir/ p to h an insatiable ?ir/ = exact k2 !y %[$ !mselves true precursors ( ! mod]n _w by _! rese>*es into sci5tific zoology1 :i* 7 c>ri$ on ) zeal long be=e ,ari/otle took ! subject 9 h&4 ,we _c judge ( ^! e>ly rese>*es because !y are ne>ly all lo/2 b ,ari/otle's 8,hi/ory ( ,animals10 ev5 aft] ! revival ( le>n+1 0 /ill consult$ z a text-book1 & p]haps no?+ t he wrote contribut$ m to w9 = him ! fame ( 8444 mae/ro di color *e sanno40 ,! /ory goes t ?is "w 0 writt5 by desire ( ,alex&] ! ,great or1 z "s say1 ,philip ( ,mac$on1 & t ! writ] 0 giv5 a sum :i* s\nds fabul\s 9 ord] t he might obta9 ! be/ available in=mation4 ,:at int]e/ mo/ ! mod]n read] are ! 8say+s by ! way0 on ! moral qualities or ! intellig5ce ( animals4 8,man & ! mule10 says ,ari/otle1 8are always tame0--a classification n v complim5t>y to man4 ,! ox is g5tle1 ! wild bo> is viol5t1 crafty ! s]p5t1 noble & g5]\s ! lion4 ,except 9 ! s5ses ( t\* & ta/e1 man is f> surpass$ by ! o!r animals--a rem>k t 0 endors$ by ,/4 ,?omas ,aqu9as1 :o inf]r$ f ! limitation ( man's s5ses t he w\ld h made bad use ( !m if !y _h be5 m acute4 ,ari/otle laid d[n ! axiom t man alone c reason1 ?\gh o!r animals c rememb] & le>n1 b he nev] pursu$ ?is !ory z f> z x 0 pu%$ by ,desc>tes1 mu* less by ,malebran*e4 ,he believ$ t ! s\l ( infants diff]$ 9 no respect f t ( animals4 ,all animals pres5t traces ( _! moral disposition1 ?\gh ^! di/9ctions are m m>k$ 9 man4 ,animals und]/& signs & s\nds1 & c be taught4 ,! females are less ready to help ! males 9 di/ress ?an ! males are to help ! females4 ,be>s c>ry (f _! cubs ) !m if !y are pursu$4 ,! dolph9 is rem>kable = ! love ( its "y ones2 two dolph9s 7 se5 support+ a small dead dolph9 on _! backs1 t 0 ab\t to s9k1 z if 9 pity = x1 to keep x f be+ dev\r$ by wild creatures4 ,9 h]ds ( horses1 if a m>e dies1 o!r m>es w br+ up ! foal1 & m>es )\t foals h be5 kn[n to entice foals to foll[ !m & to %[ mu* affection to !m1 ?\gh !y die = want ( _! natural su/5ance4 ,ari/otle says t music attracts "s animals2 = in/ance1 de] c be captur$ by s++ & play+ on ! pipe4 ,animals sometimes %[ =e-?\ght1 z ! i*neumon1 :i* does n attack ! asp till x has call$ o!rs to help x--:i* rem9ds "o ( ! dog ^: ma/] took him to ,exet]1 :]e he 0 badly treat$ by ! y>d-dog ( ! inn2 on ?is1 he escap$ & w5t to ,london1 :5ce he return$ ) a p[]ful dog-fri5d :o gave ! y>d-dog a lesson :i* he mu/ h long rememb]$4 ,h$gehogs are said by ,ari/otle & o!r anci5t au?ors to *ange ! entrance ( _! burr[s accord+ z ! w9d bl[s f nor? or s\?2 a man 9 ,byzantium got no small fame z a wea!r prophet by obs]v+ ?is habit4 ,he ?9ks t small animals are g5]ally clev]] ?an l>g] ones4 ,a tame woodpeck] plac$ an almond 9 a crevice ( wood s z to be able to break x1 :i* x succe$$ 9 do+ ) ?ree bl[s4 ,ari/otle does n m5tion ! simil> +5uity ( ! ?ru% :i* ,i h notic$ myself2 x br+s snails to a good flat /one on :i* x breaks ! %ell by knock+ x up & d[n4 ,he admir$ ! skill ( ! swall[ 9 mak+ h] ne/4 ,al?\gh he knew ( ! migrations ( birds1 & decl>$ t cranes g 9 w9t] to ! s\rces ( ! ,nile1 8:]e !re is a race ( pigmies--no fable1 b a fact10 he 0 n free f ! errone\s idea 7:i* is to be f\nd 9 mod]n folk-lore7 t "s birds hyb]nate 9 caves1 out ( :i* !y em]ge1 almo/ fea!rless1 9 ! spr+4 ,( ! night+ale1 he says t x s+s ceaselessly = fifte5 days & nights :5 ! m\nta9s are ?ick ) leaves4 ,! spid]'s art & graceful movem5ts receive due praise1 z d ! cleanly habits ( bees1 :i* are said to /+ p :o use ungu5ts because !y dislike bad smells4 8,bright & %9y bees0 ,ari/otle ass]ts to be idle1 8l wom540 ,( all animals 8 fav\rites are ! lion & ! elephant4 ,! lion is g5tle :5 he is n hungry & he is n jeal\s or suspici\s4 ,he is fond ( play+ ) animals t are br\ght up ) him1 & he gets to h a real affection = !m4 ,if a bl[ aim$ at a lion fails1 he only %akes & fright5s 8 attack]1 & !n leaves him )\t hurt+ him4 ,he nev] %[s fe> or turns 8 back on a foe4 ,b old lions t are unable to hunt sometimes ent] villages & attack mank9d4 ,?is is ! fir/ obs]vation ( ! 8man-eat+0 lion or tig]1 & ! reason giv5 = 8 p]v]se conduct is /ill believ$ to be ! "r "o4 ,ari/otle assign$ ! palm ( wisdom to ! elephant1 a creature ab\nd+ 9 intellect1 tame1 g5tle1 tea*able1 & "o :i* c ev5 le>n h[ to 8wor%ip ! k+0--:i* is :at _m ( u saw ! elephants d at ! ,delhi ,durb>4 ,illu/ration3 ,,/ele ,,) ,,cat ,,& ,,bird4 ,a!ns ,museum4 ,9 a lat] age1 ,apollonius ( ,tyana confirm$ f p]sonal obs]vation all ,ari/otle's praise2 he wat*$ ) admiration ! cross+ ( ! ,indus by a h]d ( ?irty elephants :i* 7 be+ pursu$ by huntsm52 ! light & small ones w5t fir/1 !n ! mo!rs1 :o held up _! cubs ) tusk & trunk1 & la/ly ! old & l>ge elephants4 ,pl9y gave a simil> acc\nt ( ! way 9 :i* elephants cross riv]s1 & x is1 ,i believe1 /ill notic$ z a fact t ! old ones s5d ! "y ones be=e !m4 ,! (fic] ^: duty x 0 to sup]9t5d ! emb>cation ( ,indian elephants = ,abyss9ia dur+ ! campaign ( ,sir ,rob]t ,napi] told me h[ a v f9e old elephant1 :o p]fectly und]/ood ! bus9ess 9 h&1 drove all ! o!rs on bo>d1 b aft] p]=m+ ?is useful s]vice1 :5 x came to be 8 turn1 he refus$ resolutely to move an in*1 & _h to be left beh9d4 ,! sympa?y ) animals = :i* ,apollonius 0 rem>kable made him feel = ^! great bea/s br\ght into subjection2 he decl>es t at night !y m\rn ov] _! lo/ lib]ty ) peculi> pite\s s\nds unlike ^? :i* !y make usually2 if a man approa*es1 h[ev]1 !y cease _! wail+ out ( respect = him4 ,he speaks ( _! atta*m5t to _! keep]1 h[ !y eat bread f 8 h& l a dog & c>ess him ) _! trunks4 ,he saw an elephant at ,taxila :i* 0 said to h f\ght aga9/ ,alex&] ! ,great ?ree hundr$ & fifty ye>s be=e4 ,alex&] nam$ x ,ajax1 & x bore gold5 bracelets on its trunk ) ! words3 8,ajax4 ,to ! ,sun f ,alex&] son ( ,jove40 ,! p deck$ x ) g>l&s & ano9t$ x ) preci\s salves4 ,sev]al classical writ]s bore witness to ! pleasure :i* elephants took 9 music2 !y c\ld be made to dance to ! pipe4 ,x 0 also said t !y c\ld write4 ,_! cr[n+ m]it--t ( help+ away w\nd$ comrades1 :i* is v\*$ = by no less an au?ority ?an ,mr4 ,f4 ,c4 ,sel\s--does n seem to h be5 obs]v$ 9 anci5t times4 ,9 ,greek my?ology ! famili> animals ( ! gods occupy a place half-way betwe5 leg5d & natural hi/ory4 ,view$ by "o s*ool z totems1 z ! e>li] god ( :i* ! lat] is only an app5dix1 to m cons]vative /ud5ts !y may appe> to be1 9 ! ma91 ! outgr[? ( ! same fondness = c\pl+ man & bea/ & fitt+ man ) a bea/-companion suit$ to 8 "*1 :i* gave ,/4 ,m>k 8 lion & ,/4 ,john 8 eagle4 ,! pan!r ( ,bac*us is ! mo/ attractive ( ! div9e m5ag]ie1 because ,bac*us1 9 ?is connexion1 is g5]ally %[n z a *ild & ! fri5d%ips ( bea/s & *ildr5 are always pleas+4 ,! affection ( ,bac*us = pan!rs has be5 attribut$ to ! fact t he wore a pan!r-sk91 b !re seems no motive = decid+ t ! "o tradition 0 e>li] ?an ! o!r2 ! rationale ( a my? is (t5 evolv$ long aft] ! my? itself4 ,p]haps1 aft] all1 ! /ories ( gods & animals (t5 orig9at$ 9 ! simple belief t gods1 l m51 _h a weakness = pets6 ,9 ! ,pompeian collections at ,naples !re are sev]al designs ( ,bac*us & 8 pan!r2 "o ( !m %[s ! pan!r & ! ass ( ,sil5us ly+ d[n toge!r2 9 ano!r1 a v f9e mosaic1 ! w+$ g5ius ( ,bac*us c>e]s along a/ride ( 8 fav\rite bea/2 9 a ?ird1 a *ubby little boy1 ) no signs ( godhead ab\t him1 clamb]s on to ! back ( a pati5t pan!r1 :i* has ! long-suff]+ look ( animals t are accu/om$ to be teas$ by *ildr54 ,x may be notic$ t *ildr5 & animals1 bo? some:at neglect$ 9 ! old] art1 atta9$ ! highe/ popul>ity ) ! arti/s ( ! age ( ,pompeii4 ,*ildr5 7 repres5t$ 9 all sorts ( attitudes1 & all kn[n animals1 f ! cat to ! octopus & ! elephant to ! gras%opp]1 7 drawn n only ) g5]al correctness b ) a ke5 insight into _! hum\rs & temp]am5ts4 ,x is said t a pan!r 0 once caught 9 ,pamphylia :i* _h a gold *a9 r\nd its neck ) ! inscription 9 ,arm5ian lett]s3 8,arsaces ! k+ to ! ,nysan god40 ,ori5tal nations call$ ,bac*us aft] ,nysa1 8 suppos$ bir?place4 ,x 0 conclud$ t ! k+ ( ,arm5ia _h giv5 its fre$om to ?is spl5did specim5 to d hon\r to ! god4 ,! pan!r became v tame & 0 fondl$ by e "o1 b :5 ! spr+ came x ran away1 *a9 & all1 to seek a mate 9 ! m\nta9s & nev] m came back4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,iii ,,animals ,,at ,,rome ,,rome1 ! et]nal1 beg9s ) a ,bea/-/ory4 ,h[ev] mu* deep] 9 ! pa/ ! spade may dig ?an ! reput$ date ( ! humanit>ian ,%e-wolf1 h] desc5dant w n be expell$ f ! grotto on ! ,capitol1 nor w x cease to be ! belief ( *ildr5 7! only tru/wor?y au?orities :5 leg5ds are conc]n$7 t ! gr&eur t 0 ,rome w\ld h nev] exi/$ b = ! opportune int]v5tion ( a fri5dly bea/6 ,! fame ( ! ,%e-wolf %[s h[ eag]ly mank9d seizes on "s t\* ( nature1 fact or fable1 t seems to make all creatures k94 ,rome 0 z pr\d ( h] ,%e-wolf z %e 0 ( rul+ ! _w4 ,x 0 ! 8luck0 ( ,rome2 ev5 n[1 some?+ ( ! old s5tim5t exi/s1 = ,i rememb] t dur+ ,k+ ,edw>d's visit old-fa%ion$ ,romans 7 angry because ?is emblem 0 n to be se5 9 ! decorations4 ,illu/ration3 7,photo3 ,bruckmann47 ,,capitol9e ,,%e-,,wolf4 ,! /ory did n make su* l>ge dem&s on cr$ulity z sceptics pret5d4 ,! wolf is n s mu* ! natural enemy ( man z ! cat is ( ! m\se3 yet cats h be5 kn[n to br+ up families ( mice or rats :i* !y treat$ ) affection4 ,9 rec5t times a ,russian be> 0 /at$ to h c>ri$ away to ! woods a little girl :om x f$ ) nuts & fruits4 ,! evid5ce seem$ good1 ?\gh ! /ory did s\nd a little z if x 7 sugge/$ by ,victor ,hugo's 8pope du ,lion40 ,b 9 ,india !re are /ories ( ! same sort--/ories actually ( ,%e-wolves--:i* appe> to be impossible to set aside4 ,9 a pap] read be=e ! ,bombay ,natural ,hi/ory ,society1 ! well-kn[n ,p>si s*ol>1 ,jivanji ,jams$ji ,modi1 describ$ h[ he _h se5 "o su* 8wolf-boy0 at ! ,secundra ,orphanage3 ! boy _h rema9$ ) wolves up to six ye>s old :5 he 0 discov]$ & captur$1 n )\t vigor\s opposition f 8 vulp9e protectors4 ,! hi/orical record ( ,rome z reg>ds animals is n a bright "o4 ,! cruelty ( ! ar5a does n /a9 ! fir/ ,roman annals2 ! e>lie/ c]tifi$ in/ance ( wild-bea/ bait+ belongs to #ahf ,b4,c41 & aft] ! practice 0 introduc$ x did n rea* at once ! mon/r\s proportions ( lat] times4 ,/ill1 "o does n imag9e t ! ,roman ( republican times 0 v t5d]-he>t$ t[>ds animals4 ,cato relat$1 z if he took a pride 9 x1 t :5 he 0 ,consul he left 8 w>-horse 9 ,spa9 to sp>e ! public ! co/ ( its conveyance to ,rome4 8,:e!r su* ?+s z ^!10 says ,plut>*1 :o tells ! /ory1 8are in/ances ( greatness or littl5ess ( s\l1 let ! read] judge = himself60 ,:5 ! infatuation = ! %[s 9 ! ar5a 0 at its height1 ! ,romans felt an enorm\s int]e/ 9 animals3 inde$1 !re 7 mom5ts :5 !y ?\ght ( no?+ else4 ,x 0 an int]e/ :i* w5t along ) indiff]5ce to _! suff]+s2 x may be said to h be5 worse ?an no int]e/ at all1 b x exi/$ & to ignore x1 z mo/ writ]s h done1 is to make ! explicable inexplicable4 ,if ! only attraction ( ^! %[s _h be5 _! cruelty we %\ld h to conclude t ! ,romans 7 all afflict$ ) a r>e ?\gh n unkn[n =m ( insanity4 ,mu* ! same 0 true ( ! gladiatorial %[s4 ,up to a c]ta9 po9t1 :at l$ p to !m 0 :at leads p to a football mat* or an assault-at-arms4 ,beyond t po9t--well1 beyond x !re ent]$ ! elem5t t makes ! tig] 9 man1 b = ! mo/ "p x 0 inconsci5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,lion ,,be+ ,,l$ ,,f ,,! ,,ar5a ,,by ,a ,,slave4 7,n5nig ,mosaic47 ,:5 we see ,pola or ,v]ona or ,nmes2 :5 we tread ! cr[d$ /reets to ! ,roman ,colosseum or trav]se ! des]t$ high-road to ,spani% ,italica2 mo/ ( all1 :5 we wat* com+ ne>] & ne>] across ! wild]ness betwe5 ,kair\an & ,el ,djem ! magnific5t pile t /&s outl9$ aga9/ ! ,african sky--we all say ! same ?+3 8,:at a wond]ful race ! ,romans 760 ,x is an exclamation t =ces itself to ! lips ( ! mo/ ignorant z to ^? ( ! s*ol> or hi/orical /ud5t4 ,at su* mom5ts1 x may be true1 t ! less we ?9k ( ! games ( ! ar5a ! bett]2 ! remembrance ( !m =ms a di/urb+ elem5t 9 ! maje/y ( ! sc5e4 ,b !y _c be put out ( m9d entirely1 & if we d ?9k ( !m1 x is desirable t we %\ld ?9k ( !m correctly4 ,x s happ5s t x is possible to recon/ruct !m into a lifelike picture4 ,!re exi/s "o1 ?\gh1 z f> z ,i "k1 only "o1 fai?ful1 vivid1 & complete contempor>y repres5tation ( ! ,roman ,games4 ,?is is ! sup]b mosaic pavem5t :i* 0 discov]$ 9 ! middle ( ! la/ c5tury by a peasant /rik+ on ! h>d surface ) 8 spade1 at ! village ( ,n5nig1 n f> f ! ,imp]ial city ( ,treves4 ,! obs]v] ( ?is mosaic p]ceives at once t ! games 7 ( ! nature ( a 8v>iety0 ent]ta9m5t4 ,!re 0 ! music :i* picturesque-look+ p]=m]s play$ on a l>ge horn & on a sort ( organ4 7,! horn closely resembles ! pre-hi/oric horns :i* are pres]v$ 9 ! ,national ,museum at ,cop5hag51 :]e !y 7 bl[n ) inspir+ effect be=e ! memb]s ( ! ,congress ( ,ori5tali/s 9 #aijh47 ,!re 0 ! bloodless conte/ betwe5 a %ort & tall a?lete1 arm$ diff]5tly ) /ick & :ip4 ,9 ! c5tral division1 because ! mo/ important1 is %[n ! mortal e>ne/ ( ! gladiatorial fight1 /rictly controll$ by ! ,games-ma/]4 ,9 ! sexagion above ?is is a h>dly less deadly /ruggle betwe5 a man & a be>3 ! be> has got ! man "u him b is be+ :ipp$ (f s t ! 8turn0 may n end too quickly1 &1 p]haps1 also to give ! m exp5sive victim ano!r *ance4 ,to ! "r h&1 a gladiator :o has run 8 lance ?r\gh ! neck ( a pan!r1 holds up 8 h& to boa/ ! victory & claim applause3 ! dy+ pan!r tries va9ly to free itself f ! weapon4 ,to ! left is a fight betwe5 a leop>d & an un=tunate wild ass1 :i* has already receiv$ a t]rible w\nd 9 its side & is n[ hav+ its head drawn d[n betwe5 ! =e-paws ( ! leop>d4 ,i he> t 9 bea/-fights organis$ by ,indian pr9ces1 ^! unequal combatants are /ill pitt$ aga9/ ea* o!r4 ,la/ly1 ! ,n5nig ,mosaic depicts a fat lion t has also conqu]$ a wild ass1 ( :i* ! head alone seems to rema93 x has be5 inf]r$1 ?\gh ,i ?9k ra%ly1 t ! lion has eat5 up all ! re/2 at any rate he n[ seems at peace ) ! _w & is be+ l$ back to 8 cage by a slave4 ,ev]y?+ is quiet1 ord]ly1 & a model ( good managem5t4 ,! cu/odian ( ! little museum told me t ! 7surpris+ly few7 visitors to ,n5nig 7 9 ! habit ( rem>k+ ( ?is repres5tation ( ! ,roman ,games t x made !m und]/& = ! fir/ "t h[ ! cultivat$ ,romans c\ld endure su* sights4 ,unhappily1 conv5tional propriety jo9$ to ! sanction ( au?ority w make ! majority ( mank9d endure any?+ t causes no dang] or inconv5i5ce to !mselves4 ,except ) a few1 at :om _! g5]ation looks askance1 ! s5se ( cruelty m ?an any o!r moral s5se is gov]n$ by habit1 by conv5tion4 ,x is ev5 subject to latitude & longitude2 9 ,spa9 ,i 0 surpris$ to f9d t almo/ all ! ,engli% & ,am]ican wom5 :om ,i met _h be5 to1 at lea/1 "o bull-fight4 ,ins5sibility spreads l a pe/il5ce2 new or reviv$ =ms ( cruelty %\ld be /opp$ at once or no "o c say h[ f> !y w rea* or h[ difficult x w be to aboli% !m4 ,"o might h suppos$ t ! sublime self-sacrifice ( ! monk :o ?rew himself betwe5 two combatants--:i* br\ght ! t>dy end ( gladiatorial exhibitions 9 ,*ri/ian ,rome--w\ld h sav$ ! _w = ev] f t p>ticul> b>b>ity2 b 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury we actually f9d gladiatorial %[s come to life aga9 & 9 full fav\r at ,naples6 ,?is little-kn[n fact is atte/$ 9 ,petr>*'s lett]s4 ,writ+ to ,c>d9al ,colonna on ,decemb] #a1 #acdc1 ! truly civilis$ poet d5\nces ) burn+ indignation an 8inf]nal spectacle0 ( :i* he _h be5 ! involunt>y witness4 ,8 gay fri5ds 7!re has be5 always a s+ul> id5tity betwe5 fa%ion & b>b>ism7 seem to h entrapp$ him into go+ to a place call$ ,c>bon>ia1 :]e he f\nd ! que51 ! boy-k+1 & a l>ge audi5ce assembl$ 9 a sort ( amphi!atre4 ,petr>* imag9$ t !re 0 to be "s spl5did ent]ta9m5t1 b he _h h>dly got inside :5 a tall1 h&some "y man fell dead j bel[ :]e he 0 /&+1 :ile ! audi5ce rais$ a %\t ( applause4 ,he escap$ f ! place z fa/ z he c\ld1 horror-/ruck by ! brutality ( spectacle & spectators1 & spurr+ 8 horse1 he turn$ 8 back on ! 8accurs$ spot0 ) ! det]m9ation to leave ,naples z soon z possible4 ,h[ c we wond]1 he asks1 t !re are murd]s 9 ! /reets at night :5 9 broad daylight1 9 ! pres5ce ( ! k+1 wret*$ p>5ts see _! sons /abb$ & kill$1 & :5 x is consid]$ di%on\rable to be unwill+ to pres5t "o's ?roat to ! knife j z if x 7 a /ruggle = fa!rl& or = ! joys ( ,heav58 ,v curi\s 0 ! action ( ! ,vatican 9 ?is matt]2 ,pope ,john ,,xxii4 excommunicat$ e "o :o took "p 9 ! games z actor or spectator1 b s9ce nobody obey$ ! prohibition1 x 0 resc9d$ by 8 successor1 ,b5$ict ,,xii41 to prev5t ! sc&al ( a p]petual disreg>d ( a ,papal ord9ance4 ,s !y w5t on cutt+ ea* o!r's ?roats ) ! tacit p]mission ( ! ,*ur* until ,k+ ,*>les ( ! ,peace succe$$ 9 aboli%+ ! 8sport40 ,! action ( ! ,*ur* 9 respect to bull-fights has be5 mu* ! same2 local op9ion is g5]ally recognis$ z too /rong = opposition4 ,! ,fr5* bi%ops1 h[ev]1 did _! be/ to prev5t _! introduction into ! ,s\? ( ,france1 b !y fail$ completely4 ,i h /ray$ r f> f ! ,roman %[s1 b ! savag]y ( ,*ri/ians 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury 7& aft]7 %\ld make u wond] less at ,roman call\sness4 ,all our admiration is due to ! few f9] spirits :o 7 repell$ by ! slaught] ( man or bea/ to make a ,roman's holiday4 ,cic]o said t he c\ld nev] see :at !re 0 pleasurable 9 ! spectacle ( a noble bea/ /ruck to ! he>t by its m]ciless hunt] or pitt$ aga9/ "o ( our weak] species6 ,= a s+le expression ( c5sure su* z ?is :i* has come d[n to u1 !re mu/ h be5 _m ( :i* we h no record4 ,( out-spok5 c5sure !re 0 d\btless little because viol5t condemnation ( ! ar5a w\ld h sav\r$ ( treason to ! ,/ate :i* patronis$ & support$ ! games j z ,que5 ,elizabe?'s m9i/]s support$ bull-bait+4 ,rome mu/ h be5 "o va/ zoological g>d51 & view+ ! /range animals 0 ! fir/ duty ( ! t\ri/4 ,pausanias 0 deeply impress$ by ! 8,e?iopian bulls :i* !y call rh9oc]oses0 & also by ,indian camels 9 col\r l leop>ds4 ,he saw an all-:ite de]1 & v mu* surpris$ he 0 to see x1 b1 to 8 subsequ5t regret1 he =got to ask :]e x came f4 ,he 0 rem9d$ ( ?is :ite de] :5 he saw :ite blackbirds on ,m\nt ,cyll5e 9 ,arcadia4 ,i rememb] a :ite blackbird :i* /ay$ 9 ! g>d5 ( my old ,engli% home = m ?an two ye>s3 a wret*$ 8sportsman0 lay 9 wait = x :5 x w&]$ into a neighb\r+ field & %ot x4 ,! feasibility ( ! transport ( ! ho/s ( animals de/9$ to ! ar5a w always rema9 a my/]y4 ,at ! inauguration ( ! ,colosseum1 five ?\s& wild bea/s & six ?\s& tame ones 7 but*]$1 nor 0 ?is ! highe/ figure on a s+le occasion4 ,probably a great portion ( ! animals 0 s5t by ! ,gov]nors ( di/ant prov9ces :o wi%$ to /& well ) ! home au?orities4 ,b l>ge numb]s 7 also br\ght ov] by speculators :o sold !m to ! highe/ or ! mo/ influ5tial bidd]4 ,"o reason :y ,cassius murd]$ ,julius ,cs> 0 t ,cs> _h secur$ "s lions :i* ,cassius wi%$ to pres5t to ! public4 ,e "o :o aim$ at political p[] or ev5 simply at be+ ?\ght "o ( ! 8sm>t set0 7! odi\s ^w suits ! case7 sp5t k+'s ransoms on ! public games4 ,= vulg> o/5tation ! weal?y ,roman _w eclips$ ! exploits ( ! mod]n millionaire4 ,if any "o deem ?is impossible1 let him read1 9 ! ,satyricon ( ,petronius1 ! acc\nt ( ! ftes to be giv5 by a lead] ( fa%ion ( ! "n ( ,titus4 ,n m]ely gladiators1 b a great numb] ( fre$m5 w\ld take "p 9 !m3 x w\ld be no wret*$ mock combat b a real c>nage6 ,titus 0 s ri* t he c\ld af=d su* lib]ality4 ,contempt is p\r$ ^u ! head ( a c]ta9 ,nob>nus :o (f]$ a spectacle ( gladiators hir$ at a l[ price & s old & decrepit t a brea? ?rew !m ov]4 ,!y all end$ by w\nd+ !mselves to /op ! conte/4 ,y might z well h witness$ a m]e cock-fight6 ,i %\ld ?9k t n m ?an "o animal 9 ?ree surviv$ ! voyage4 ,?is w\ld va/ly increase ! total numb]4 ,! survivors (t5 arriv$ 9 su* a pitiable /ate t !y c\ld n be pres5t$ 9 ! ar5a1 or t !y _h to be pres5t$ imm$iately to prev5t !m f dy+ too soon4 ,symma*us1 la/ ( ! great nobles ( ,rome1 :o1 bl9d$ by tradition1 ?\ght to revive ! glories ( 8 belov$ city by reviv+ its %ame1 graphically describes ! anxieties ( ! prep>ations = "o ( ^! colossal %[s on :i* he is said to h sp5t :at w\ld be ab\t #hj1jjj ( our money4 ,he began a ye> 9 advance3 horses1 be>s1 lions1 ,scot* dogs1 crocodiles1 *>iot-driv]s1 hunt]s1 actors1 & ! be/ gladiators 7 recruit$ f all p>ts4 ,b :5 ! "t drew ne>1 no?+ 7 ready4 ,only a few ( ! animals _h come1 & ^! 7 half dead ( hung] & fatigue4 ,! be>s _h n arriv$ & !re 0 no news ( ! lions4 ,at ! elev5? h\r ! crocodiles rea*$ ,rome1 b !y refus$ to eat & _h to be kill$ all at once 9 ord] t !y might n die ( hung]4 ,x 0 ev5 worse ) ! gladiators1 :o 7 int5d$ to provide1 z 9 all ^! bea/ %[s1 ! cr[n+ ent]ta9m5t4 ,tw5ty-n9e ( ! ,saxon captives :om ,symma*us _h *os5 on acc\nt ( ! well-kn[n val\r ( _! race1 /rangl$ "o ano!r 9 prison r ?an fight to ! dea? = ! amusem5t ( _! conqu]ors4 ,& ,symma*us1 ) all 8 real elevation ( m9d1 0 mov$ to no?+ b disgu/ by _! sublime *oice6 ,rome 9 h] greate/ days _h glori$ 9 ^! %[s3 h[ c\ld a man be a patriot :o set 8 face aga9/ cu/oms :i* foll[$ ! ,roman eagles r\nd ! _w8 ,h[ _m times s9ce !n has patriotism be5 held to require ! ext9ction ( moral s5se6 ,sometimes ! humanity ( bea/s put to %ame ! inhumanity ( man4 ,!re 0 a lion1 commemorat$ by ,/atius1 :i* _h 8unle>nt murd] & homicide10 & submitt$ ( its own accord to a ma/] 8:o ought to h be5 "u its feet40 ,?is lion w5t 9 & out ( its cage & g5tly laid d[n unhurt ! prey :i* x caught3 x ev5 all[$ p to put _! h&s into its m\?4 ,x 0 kill$ by a fugitive slave4 ,! ,s5ate & p ( ,rome 7 9 despair1 & ,imp]ial ,cs>1 :o witness$ impassible ! dea? ( ?\s&s ( animals s5t hi!r to p]i% f ,africa1 f ,scy?ia1 f ! banks ( ! ,rh9e1 _h te>s 9 8 eyes = a s+le lion6 ,9 lat] ,roman times a tame lion 0 a fav\rite pet3 _! ma/]s l$ !m ab\t :]ev] !y w5t1 :e!r mu* to ! gratification ( ! fri5ds on :om !y call$ is n /at$4 ,ano!r in/ance ( a g5tle bea/ 0 t ( a tig] into ^: cage a live doe _h be5 plac$ = him to eat4 ,b ! tig] 0 n feel+ well &1 ) ! wisdom ( sick animals1 he 0 obs]v+ a diet4 ,s two or ?ree days elaps$1 dur+ :i* ! tig] made great fri5ds ) ! doe & :5 he recov]$ 8 heal? & began to feel v hungry1 in/ead ( dev\r+ 8 fell[-lodg] he beat ) 8 paws aga9/ ! b>s ( ! cage 9 sign t he want$ food4 ,^! /ories 71 no d\bt1 true1 & !re may h be5 tru? also 9 ! well-kn[n /ory ( ! lion :i* refus$ to attack a man :o _h once succ\r$ him4 ,animals h good memories4 ,"o pleasant] feature ( ! circus 0 ! exhibition ( p]=m+ bea/s4 ,?\gh ! exhibitors ( su* animals are n[ sometimes *>g$ ) cruelty1 x _c be d5i$ t ! public :o goes to look at !m is compos$ ( j ! p :o are mo/ fond ( animals4 ,all *ildr5 delight 9 !m because1 to _! m9ds1 !y seem a confirmation ( ! /rong in/9ctive ?\gh (t5e/ unexpress$ belief1 :i* lurks 9 e *ild's s\l1 t betwe5 man & animals !re is mu* less diff]5ce ?an is ! correct1 8gr[n-up0 op9ion2 ?is is a "p ( ! secret lore ( *ildhood :i* has its orig9s 9 ! *ildhood ( ! _w4 ,! amiable ta/e = ^! exhibitions--9 appe>ance1 at lea/1 s h>mless--/rikes "o z incongru\s 9 ! same p]sons :o revell$ 9 slaught]4 ,su* a ta/e exi/$1 h[ev]1 & :5 ,/4 ,james said t !re 0 n a s+le bea/1 bird or reptile :i* _h n be5 tam$1 he may h be5 ?9k+ ( ! it9]ant %[m5's 8le>n$0 bea/s :i* p]ambulat$ ! ,roman empire4 ,horses & ox5 7 among ! animals commonly taught to d tricks4 ,i f9d no m5tion ( monkeys z p]=m+ 9 ! ar5a1 ?\gh ,apuleius says t 9 ! spr+ ftes ( ,isis1 ! =]unn]s ( ! ,roman c>nival1 he saw a monkey ) a /raw hat & a ,phrygian tunic--we c h>dly keep ourselves f ask+3 :at _h x done ) ! gr9d-organ8 ,b 9 spite ( ?is />tl+ly mod]n app>ition1 monkeys d n seem to h be5 popul> 9 ,rome2 ,i imag9e ev51 t !re 0 "s fix$ prejudice aga9/ !m4 ,! clev]e/ ( all ! animal p]=m]s 71 ( c\rse1 ! dogs1 & "o %[man _h ! +5i\s idea ( mak+ a dog act a "p 9 a com$y4 ,! effects ( a drug 7 tri$ on him1 ! plot turn+ on ! suspicion t ! drug 0 poison\s1 :ile1 9 fact1 x 0 only a n>cotic4 ,! dog took ! piece ( bread dipp$ 9 ! liquid1 swall[$ x1 & began to reel & /agg] till he f9ally fell flat on ! gr\nd4 ,he gave himself a la/ /ret* & !n seem$ to expire1 mak+ no sign ( life :5 8 app>5tly dead body 0 dragg$ ab\t ! /age4 ,at ! "r mom5t1 he began to move v slightly z if wak+ out ( a deep sleep2 !n he rais$ 8 head1 look$ r\nd1 jump$ up & ran joy\sly to ! prop] p]son4 ,! piece 0 play$ at ! !atre ( ,m>cellus 9 ! reign ( old ,vespasian1 & ,cs> himself 0 delight$4 ,i wond] t no manag] ( our days has turn$ ! incid5t to acc\nt2 ,i nev] yet saw an audi5ce s]i\s en\gh n to become "y aga9 at ! sight ( f\r-foot$ com$ians4 ,ev5 ! high art-lov+ public at ! ,pr9ce ,reg5t's !atre at ,muni* _c resi/ a murmur ( discreet m]rim5t :5 ! pack ( beautiful /ag-h\nds l$ ^u ! /age 9 ! hunt+ sc5e 9 8,tannhus]0 gravely wag _! tails 9 "t ) ! music6 ,! pet lions 7 only "o example ( ! ab]rations ( pet-lov]s 9 anci5t ,rome4 ,maltese lap-dogs became a sc\rge3 ,lucian tells ! lam5table tale ( a ne$y philosoph] :om a fa%ionable lady cajoles into act+ z p]sonal att5dant to h] incomp>able ,mirrh9a4 ,! ,maltese dog 0 an old fad2 ,!ophra/us1 9 ! portrait ( an insuff]able lgant1 m5tions t1 :5 8 pet dog dies1 he inscribes 8pure ,maltese0 on its tomb/one4 ,_m 7 ! birds t fell victims to ! desire to keep !m 9 ri*ly ornam5t$ cages 9 :i* !y di$ ( hung]1 says ,epictetus1 soon] ?an be slaves4 ,! can>y :i* takes m k9dly to captivity 0 unkn[n till x 0 br\ght to ,italy 9 ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,p>rots !re 71 b ,roman p>rots 7 n long-liv$3 !y %>$ ! common doom3 8,to ea* 8 suff]+s1 all are pets40 ,! p>rots ( ,cor9na & ( ,melior :i* ought to h liv$ to a hundr$ or1 at any rate1 to h _h ! *ance ( dy+ ( grief at ! loss ( _! possessors 7z a p>rot did t ,i once knew71 enjoy$ fame & =tune = z brief a span z ,lesbia's sp>r[4 ,melior's p>rot n only _h brilliant gre5 fea!rs b also _m accompli%m5ts :i* are describ$ by its ma/]'s fri5d1 ! poet ,/atius4 ,on "o occasion1 x sat up half ! night at a banquet1 hopp+ f "o gue/ to ano!r & talk+ 9 a way t excit$ great admiration2 x ev5 %>$ ! good f>e & on ! morr[ x di$--:i* 0 less ?an surpris+4 ,i came across an old-fa%ion$ criticism ( ?is poem 9 :i* ,/atius is scold$ = %[+ s mu* g5u9e feel+ ab\t 444 a p>rot6 ,! critic 0 "r 9 "o ?+--! g5u9e feel+ is !re2 ^? :o h kn[n :at a companion a bird may be1 w appreciate ! little t\*3 8,y nev] felt alone1 de> ,melior1 ) its op5 cage beside y60 ,n[ ! cage is empty2 x is 8la cage sans oiseaux0 :i* ,victor ,hugo pray$ to be sp>$ f see+4 ,"s translator turn$ ?is into 8a ne/ )\t birds10 because he ?\ght t a cage )\t birds s\nd$ unpoetical1 b ,victor ,hugo took c>e ( tru? & left poetry to take ( itself4 ,& :atev] may be ! e?ics ( keep+ cage birds1 true x is t few ?+s are m dismal ?an ! sight ( ! little mute1 t5antless dwell+ :i* 0 ye/]day alive ) flutt]+ love4 ,we owe to ,roman poets a good deal ( in=mation ab\t dogs1 & especially ! k t ! ,briti% h\nd 0 e/eem$ sup]ior to all o!rs1 ev5 to ! fam\s bre$ ( ,epirus4 ,?is is c]tifi$ by ,gratius ,faliscus1 a contempor>y ( ,ovid4 ,he describ$ ^! animals z rem>kably ugly1 b incomp>able = pluck4 ,briti% bull-dogs 7 us$ 9 ! ,colosseum1 & 9 ! ?ird c5tury ,nemesianus prais$ ! ,briti% greyh\nd4 ,mo/ ( ! valuable dogs 7 br\ght f abroad2 x is to be inf]r$ t ! race deg5]at$ 9 ! climate ( ,rome1 z x does n[4 ,con*a1 ^: epitaph 0 writt5 by ,petronius1 0 born 9 ,gaul4 ,:ile ,m>tial's too elaborate epitaph on 8,! ,tru/y ,lydia0 is (t5 quot$ & translat$1 ! m sympa!tic poem ( ,petronius has be5 ov]look$4 ,he tells ! p]fections ( ,con*a 9 a simple1 affectionate mann]2 l ,lydia1 %e 0 a mighty huntress & *as$ ! wild bo> fe>lessly ?r\gh ! d5se =e/4 ,nev] did *a9 hamp] h] lib]ty & nev] a bl[ fell on h] %apely1 sn[-:ite =m4 ,%e repos$ s(tly1 /ret*$ on ! brea/ ( h] ma/] or mi/ress1 & at night a well-made b$ refre%$ h] tir$ limbs4 ,if %e lack$ spee*1 %e c\ld make h]self und]/ood bett] ?an any ( h] k9d--yet no "o _h reason to fe> h] b>k4 ,a hapless "m1 %e di$ :5 h] little ones saw ! light1 & n[ a n>r[ m>ble slab cov]s ! e>? :]e %e re/s4 ,cic]o's tribute to can9e wor? is well kn[n3 8,dogs wat* = u fai?fully2 !y love & wor%ip _! ma/]s1 !y hate /rang]s1 _! p[]s ( track+ by sc5t is extraord9>y2 great is _! ke5ness 9 ! *ase3 :at c all ?is mean b t !y 7 made = man's advantage80 ,x 0 z natural to ! ,roman m9d to reg>d man z ! "l ( creation z to reg>d ! ,roman z ! "l ( man4 ,= ! re/1 8 normal conception ( animals diff]$ little f t ( ,ari/otle4 ,cic]o says t ! *ief di/9ction betwe5 man & animals1 is t animals look only to ! pres5t1 pay+ little att5tion to ! pa/ & future1 :ile man looks be=e & aft]1 weighs causes & effects1 draws analogies & views ! :ole pa? ( life1 prep>+ ?+s ne$ful = pass+ along x4 ,express$ 9 ! key ( antique optimism in/ead ( 9 ! key ( mod]n pessimism1 ! judgm5t is ! same z t ( ,burns 9 8 l9es to ! field-m\se3 8,/ill ?\ art ble/1 comp>$ wi' me6 ,! pres5t only t\*es !e3 ,b1 o*6 ,i backw>d ca/ my e'e ,on prospects dre>6 ,& =w>d1 ?o' ,i canna see1 ,i guess & fe>40 ,& ( ,leop>di 9 ! song ( ! ,syrian %eph]d to 8 flock3-- 8,o flock t lie/ at re/1 ,o bless$ ?\ ,t kn[e/ n ?y fate1 h[ev] h>d1 ,h[ utt]ly ,i envy !e60 ,cic]o's m virile m9d w\ld h spurn$ ?is crav+ to r5\nce ! di/+ui%+ human privilege = ! bliss ( ignorance4 ,:]ev] we fix ! limits ( animal intellig5ce1 !re is no "q ( man's obligation to treat s5ti5t creatures ) humanity4 ,?is 0 recognis$ by ,m>cus ,aurelius :5 he wrote ! gold5 precept3 8,z to animals :i* h no reason 444 d ?\1 s9ce ?\ ha/ reason1 & !y h none1 make use ( !m ) a g5]\s & lib]al _s40 ,"h we h ! broade/ application ( ! n>r[e/ assumption4 ,f ! "t1 at lea/1 t ,rome 0 full ( ,greek tea*]s1 !re 7 always "s p>tisans ( a diff]5t !ory altoge!r4 ,:at ,s5eca calls 8! illu/ri\s b unpopul> s*ool ( ,py?agoras0 _h a little foll[+ :i* made up by its s9c]e en?usiasm = ! fewness ( its memb]s4 ,s5eca's own ma/] ,sotio 0 ( ?is s*ool1 & 8 tea*+ made a deep impression on ! mo/ illu/ri\s ( 8 pupils1 :o sums up its *ief po9ts ) 8 usual lucidity3 ,py?agoras gave m5 a horror ( crime & ( p>ricide by tell+ !m t !y might unaw>es kill or dev\r _! own fa!rs2 all s5ti5t be+s are b\nd toge!r 9 a univ]sal k9%ip & an endless transmutation causes !m to pass f "o =m to ano!r2 no s\l p]i%es or ceases its activity save 9 ! mom5t :5 x *anges its envelope4 ,sotio took = grant$ t ! y\?s :o att5d$ 8 classes came to him ) m9ds unprep>$ to receive ^! doctr9es1 & he aim$ m at mak+ !m accept ! consequ5ces ( ! !ory ?an ! !ory itself4 ,:at if !y believ$ none ( x8 ,:at if !y did n believe t s\ls pass$ ?r\gh diff]5t bodies & t ! ?+ we call dea? is a transmigration8 ,t 9 ! animal :i* crops ! grass or :i* peoples ! sea1 a s\l resides :i* once 0 human8 ,t1 l ! heav5ly bodies1 e s\l trav]ses its appo9t$ circle8 ,t no?+ 9 ?is _w p]i%es1 b only *anges sc5e & place8 ,let !m rememb]1 nev]!less1 t great m5 h believ$ all ?is3 8,susp5d y\r judgm5t1 & 9 ! meantime1 respect :atev] has life40 ,if ! doctr9e be true1 !n to ab/a9 f animal fle% is to sp>e oneself ! committal ( crimes2 if x be false1 su* ab/95ce is comm5dable frugality2 8all y lose is ! food ( lions & vultures40 ,sotio himself 0 a ?or\gh ,py?agorean1 b !re 0 ano!r philosoph] ( ! "n ( ,se/ius :o 0 an ard5t advocate ( ab/95ce f animal food )\t believ+ 9 ! transmigration ( s\ls4 ,he f\nd$ a sort ( bro!rhood1 ! memb]s ( :i* took ! pl$ge to abide by ?is rule4 ,he argu$ t s9ce pl5ty ( o!r :olesome food exi/$1 :at ne$ 0 !re = man to %$ blood8 ,cruelty mu/ become habitual :5 p dev\r fle% to indulge ! palate3 8let u r$uce ! elem5ts ( s5suality40 ,heal? w\ld be also ! ga9] by ! adoption ( a simpl] & less v>i\s diet4 ,sotio us$ ^! argum5ts ( "o :om he might h call$ an unbeliev]1 to re9=ce 8 own4 ,s5eca does n say if _m ( 8 s*oolfell[s 7 z mu* impress$ z he 0 by ?is tea*+4 ,= a ye> he ab/a9$ f fle%1 & :5 he got accu/om$ to x1 he ev5 f\nd ! new diet easy & agreeable4 ,8 m9d seem$ to gr[ m active4 ,t he 0 all[$ to eat :at he lik$ )\t enc\nt]+ int]f]5ce or ridicule %[s ! consid]able fre$om 9 :i* ! y\? ( ,rome 0 br\ght up3 ?is made !m m54 ,b at ! beg9n+ ( ! reign ( ,tib]ius !re w5t =? an edict aga9/ =eign cults1 & ab/95ce f fle% 0 held to %[ a lean+ t[>ds religi\s novelties4 ,= ?is reason ! eld] ,s5eca advis$ 8 son to give up veget>ianism4 ,s5eca hone/ly confesses t he w5t back to bett] f>e )\t mu* urg+2 yet he always rema9$ frugal1 & he seems nev] to h felt q sure t 8 y\?ful exp]im5t did n agree be/ ) ! c\nsels ( p]fection4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,iv ,,plut>* ,,! ,,humane ,,plut>* 0 ! ,happy ,philosoph]--& !re 7 n _m t 7 happy4 ,a life ( travel1 a life ( tea*+1 an hon\r$ old age z ! prie/ ( ,apollo 9 8 native village 9 ,botia3 :at k9d] fate ?an ?is8 ,he 0 happy 9 ! v obscurity :i* seems to h surr\nd$ 8 life at ,rome1 = x sav$ him f spite & envy4 ,he 0 happy1 if we may tru/ ! traditional effigies1 ev5 9 t ?+ :i* likewise is a good gift ( ! gods1 a graci\s outw>d pres5ce exactly correspond+ ) ! s\l )94 ,a pa9t] :o wi%$ to draw a type ( illimitable compassionat5ess w\ld *oose ! face attribut$ to ,plut>*4 ,f9ally1 ?is g5tle sage is happy /ill aft] eighte5 hundr$ ye>s 9 do+ m ?an any o!r writ] ( antiquity to build up "* by diffus+ ! radiance ( noble de$s4 ,nev]!less1 7 he to come back to life he w\ld h "o disappo9tm5t1 & t w\ld be to f9d h[ few p read 8 essays on k9dness to animals3 !y w\ld /& a bett] *ance ( be+ read if !y 7 pr9t$ alone1 b to arrive at !m y mu/ dive 9 ! =midable dep?s ( ! ,moralia3 a v /oreh\se ( int]e/+ ?+s1 b h>dly attractive to ! g5]al 9 a hurri$ age4 ,"s ( its treasures h be5 reveal$ by ,dr4 ,oakesmi? 9 8 admirable monograph on 8,! ,religion ( ,plut>*40 ,! m9e ( nobly humane s5tim5t rema9s1 h[ev]1 almo/ unexplor$4 ,! essays devot$ to animals are ?ree 9 numb]1 ) ! titles3 8,:e!r t]re/rial or aquatic animals are ! m intellig5t80 8,t animals h ! use ( ,reason02 8,on ! habit ( eat+ fle%40 ,! two fir/ are 9 ! =m ( dialogues1 & ! ?ird is a famili> disc\rse1 a confr5ce1 su* z ^? :i* n[ =m a popul> feature ( ! ,roman season4 ,?r\gh ^! /udies !re runs a ve9 ( transp>5t s9c]ity3 we feel t !y 7 compos$ n to %[ ! au?or's clev]ness or to />tle by p>adoxes1 b ) ! real wi% to make ! "y m5 = :om !y 7 int5d$ a little m humane4 ,plut>* did n take up ! claims ( animals because good 8copy0 c\ld be made out ( !m4 ,z 8 wi% is to p]suade1 he does n ask = ! impossible4 ,x is ! voice ( ! highly civilis$ ,greek address+ ! "y b>b>ians ( ,rome3 = to ! ,greek's inmo/ m9d ! ,roman mu/ h always rema9$ some:at ( a b>b>ian4 ,!re is great re/ra9t3 ?\gh ,plut>* mu/ h loa!d ! games ( ! ar5a1 he speaks ( !m ) gu>d$ deprecation4 ,he makes "o ( 8 *>act]s say t ! *ase 7:i* he did n himself l7 0 useful 9 keep+ p f worse ?+s1 8su* z ! combats ( gladiators40 ,he is g5u9ely anxi\s by all means to p]suade "s1 & = ?is reason he refra9s f sc>+ away 8 he>]s or read]s by extreme dem&s4 ,?\gh he has a /rong p]sonal repugnance to fle%-eat+1 he does n insi/ on e "o %>+ x4 ,anyh[1 he says1 ,be z humane z y c2 cause z little suff]+ z is possible2 no d\bt x is n easy1 all at once1 to eradicate a habit :i* has tak5 hold ( our s5sual nature1 b1 at lea/1 let u deprive x ( its wor/ features4 ,let u eat fle% if we mu/1 b = hung]1 n = self-indulg5ce2 let u kill animals b /ill be compassionate--n heap+ up outrages & tortures 8z1 alas1 is done e day40 ,he m5tions h[ swans 7 bl9d$ & !n fatt5$ ) unnatural foods1 :i* is only a little worse ?an ?+s t are done n[4 ,:at is c]ta9 is1 t extreme & habitual luxury 9 food has spelt decad5ce f ! banquets ( ,babylon d[nw>ds4 ,plut>* goes on to ask :e!r x is impossible to amuse ourselves )\t all ^! excesses8 ,%all we expire on ! spot1 are ! res\rces ( m5 totally exhau/$1 if ! table be n suppli$ ) pts de foies gras8 ,is life n wor? liv+ )\t slaught] to make a fea/1 slaught] to f9d a pa/ime2 _c we exi/ )\t ask+ ( c]ta9 animals t !y %[ c\rage1 & fight 9 spite ( !mselves1 or t !y massacre o!r animals :i* h n ! natural en]gy to def5d !mselves8 ,mu/ we = our sport te> ! "m f ! little ones :i* %e suckles or hat*es8 ,plut>* implores u n to imitate ! *ildr5 ( :om ,bion speaks1 :o amus$ !mselves by ?r[+ /ones at ! frogs1 b ! frogs 7 n at all amus$--!y simply di$4 8,:5 we take our recreation1 ^? :o help 9 ! fun ought to %>e 9 x & be amus$ z well40 ,?us does ! k9d ,greek philosoph] exhort u 8,nev] to bl5d our pleasure or our pride ,) sorr[ ( ! meane/ ?+ t feels40 ,did ,wordswor? "k t 8 ?\ght _h be5 express$ s long be=e8 ,x matt]s little2 ! c\nsels ( m]cy nev] gr[ old4 ,) good s5se & 9 t _s ( compromise :i* is really ! basis ( morality1 ,plut>* argu$ t cruelty to animals does n lie 9 ! use b 9 ! abuse ( !m2 x is n cruel to kill !m if !y are incompatible ) our own exi/5ce2 x is n cruel to tame & tra9 to our s]vice ^? made by nature g5tle & lov+ t[>ds man :i* become ! companions ( our toil accord+ to _! natural aptitude4 8,horse & ass are giv5 to u10 z ,prome!us says1 8to be submissive s]vants & fell[-work]s2 dogs to be gu>dians & wat*]s1 goats & %eep to give u milk & wool40 7,c['s milk seems to h be5 r>ely drunk1 z is /ill ! case 9 ! ,m$it]ranean isl&s & 9 ,greece47 8,! ,/oics10 says ,plut>*1 8made s5sibility t[>ds animals a prep>ation to humanity & compassion because ! gradually =m$ habit ( ! less] affections is capable ( lead+ m5 v f>40 ,9 ! 8,lives0 he insi/s on ! same po9t3 8,k9dness & b5efic5ce %\ld be ext5d$ to creatures ( e species1 & ^! /ill fl[ f ! brea/ ( a well-natur$ man z /reams t issue f ! liv+ f\nta94 ,a good man w take c>e ( 8 horses & dogs n only :5 !y are "y1 b :5 old & pa/ s]vice4444 ,we c]ta9ly ought n to treat liv+ creatures l %oes or h\sehold goods1 :i*1 :5 worn out ) use1 we ?r[ away1 & 7 x only to le>n b5evol5ce to human k9d1 we %\ld be m]ciful to o!r creatures4 ,= my own "p ,i w\ld n sell ev5 an old ox40 ,"h ,i may say t ,plut>* %\ld h ?ank$ ,fate :i* made him a philosoph] & n a f>m]4 ,= h[1 alas1 c ! f>m] escape f becom+ ! accomplice ( t :i* ! ,italian poet apo/rophizes 9 ! words-- 8,natura1 illaudabil m>aviglia1 ,*e p] uccid] p>torisci e nutri60 ,h[ c well-c>$-= old age be ! lot ( m ?an a v few ( ! animals t s]ve u s fai?fully8 ,! exception mu/ console u = ! rule4 ,! beautiful /ory ( "o su* exception is told by bo? ,plut>* & ,pl9y ! ,eld]4 ,:5 ,p]icles 0 build+ ! ,p>!non a great numb] ( mules 7 employ$ 9 draw+ ! /ones up ! hill ( ! ,acropolis4 ,"s ( !m became too old = ! "w1 & ^! 7 set at lib]ty to pa/ure at l>ge4 ,b "o old mule gravely walk$ e day to ! /one-y>d & accompani$1 or r l$1 ! procession ( mule-c>ts to & fro4 ,! ,a!nians 7 delight$ ) its devotion to duty1 & decid$ t x %\ld be support$ at ! exp5se ( ! ,/ate = ! re/ ( its days4 ,accord+ to ,pl9y1 ! mule ( ! ,p>!non liv$ till x _h atta9$ its eightie? ye>1 a record t seems />tl+ ev5 hav+ reg>d to ! prov]bial longevity ( p5sion]s4 ,plut>* does n m5tion x1 p]haps1 because he _h "s d\bts ab\t its accuracy4 ,9 o!r respects ! /ory may be accept$ z lit]ally true2 & does x n d u good to ?9k ( x1 z we look at ! mo/ glori\s "w ( man's h&s ba!d 9 ! gold5 aft]gl[8 ,does x n d u good to ?9k t at ! z5i? ( h] greatness ,a!ns 8444 ,"m ( arts ,& eloqu5ce1 native to fam\s wits0 /oop$--nay1 rose--to g5]\s appreciation ( ! will+ s]vice ( an old mule8 ,9 deal+ ) animal psy*ology ,plut>* makes a /rong po9t ( ! inh]5t improbability t1 :ile feel+ & imag9ation are ! common %>e ( all animat$ be+s1 reason %\ld be apportion$ only to a s+le species4 8,h[ c y say su* ?+s8 ,is n e "o conv9c$ t no be+ c feel )\t also possess+ und]/&+1 t !re is n a s+le animal :i* has n a sort ( ?\ght & reason j z he comes into ! _w ) s5ses & in/9ct80 ,nature1 :i* is said to make all ?+s f "o cause & to "o end1 has n giv5 s5sibility to animals simply 9 ord] t !y %\ld be capable ( s5sations4 ,s9ce "s ?+s are good = !m1 & o!rs bad1 !y w\ld n exi/ = a s+le in/ant if !y did n "k h[ to seek ! good & %un ! bad4 ,! animal le>ns by 8 s5ses :at ?+s are good & :at are bad = him1 b :51 9 consequ5ce ( ^! indications1 ( 8 s5ses1 x is a "q ( tak+ & seek+ :at is useful & ( avoid+ & fly+ f :at is h>mful1 ^! same animals w\ld h no means ( action if ,nature _h n made !m up to a c]ta9 po9t capable ( reason1 ( judgm5t1 ( memory1 & ( att5tion4 ,because1 if y completely depriv$ !m ( ! _s ( conjecture1 memory1 =esight1 prep>ation1 hope1 fe>1 desire1 grief1 !y w\ld cease to d]ive ! slighte/ utility f ! eyes or e>s :i* !y possess4 ,plut>* might h add$ t a m9dless animal w\ld resemble n a *ild or a savage1 b an idiot4 ,he does po9t out t !y w\ld be bett] (f ) no s5ses at all ?an ) ! p[] ( feel+ & no p[] ( act+ ^u x4 ,b1 he adds1 c\ld s5sation exi/ )\t intellig5ce8 ,he quotes a l9e f ,i d n "k :at poet3-- 8,! _s only he>s & sees--all else ,is deaf & bl9d40 ,if we look ) our eyes at a page ( writ+ )\t seiz+ ! mean+ ( a ^w ( x1 because our ?\ghts are preoccupi$1 is x n ! same z if we _h nev] se5 x8 ,b ev5 7 we to admit t ! s5ses suffice to _! (fice1 w\ld t expla9 ! ph5om5a ( memory & =esight8 ,w\ld ! animal fe> ?+s1 n pres5t1 :i* h>m him1 or desire ?+s1 n pres5t1 :i* are to 8 advantage8 ,w\ld he prep>e 8 retreat or %elt] or devise sn>es by :i* to cat* o!r animals8 ,only "o !ory c be appli$ to m9d 9 man & m9d 9 animals4 ,x w be se5 f ?is summ>y t ,plut>* trav]s$ ! :ole field ( speculation on animal intellig5ce :i* has n really ext5d$ its b\nd>ies s9ce ! "t :5 he wrote1 ?\gh x is possible t we are n[ on ! v]ge1 if n ( new discov]ies1 at lea/ ( ! admission ( a new po9t ( view4 ,! /udy ( ! dual elem5t 9 man1 ! endeav\r to e/abli% a l9e ( dem>cation betwe5 ! consci\s & sublim9al self1 may lead to ! inquiry1 h[ f> ! consci\s self corresponds ) :at 0 meant1 :5 speak+ ( animals1 by 8reason10 & ! sublim9al self ) :at 0 meant by 8in/9ct08 ,b ! use ( a new t]m9ology w\ld n alt] ! conclusion3 call x reason1 consci\sness1 _s2 "s ( x ! 8p>agon ( animals0 %>es ) 8 poor relations4 ,! case is put 9 a homely way b n )\t =ce by ! h]o9e ( a =gott5 novel by ,lam>t9e3 ! speak] is an old s]vant :o is 9 despair at los+ h] goldf9*3 8,ah6 ,on dit que les btes n'ont pas l'me10 %e says4 8,je ne veux pas (f5s] le bon ,dieu1 mais si mon pauvre oiseau n'avait pas d'me1 avec quoi done n'aurait-il tant aime8 ,avec les plumes ou avec les pattes1 peut-tre80 ,plut>* reviews--to reject--! 8,automata0 argum5t1 :i* _h already "s support]s4 ,c]ta9 naturali/s1 he says1 try to prove t animals feel nei!r pleasure nor ang] nor yet fe>2 t ! night+ale does n m$itate 8 song1 t ! bee has no memory1 t ! swall[ makes no prep>ations1 t ! lion nev] gr[s angry1 nor is ! /ag subject to fe>4 ,ev]y?+1 accord+ to ^! !ori/s1 is m]ely delusive appe>ance4 ,!y might z well ass]t t animals _c see or he>2 t !y only appe> to see or he>2 t !y h no voice1 only ! semblance ( a voice2 9 %ort1 t !y are n alive b only seem to live4 ,! moral aspects ( any problem are ^? :i* to a morali/ seem ! mo/ important1 & ,plut>* did n seek to d5y ! =ce ( ! objection3 ,if virtue be ! true aim ( reason1 h[ c ,nature h be/[$ reason on creatures :i* _c direct x to its true object8 ,b he d5i$ ! po/ulate t animals h no e?ical pot5tialities4 ,if ! love ( m5 = _! *ildr5 is grant$ to be ! corn]-/one ( all human society1 %all we say t !re is no m]it 9 ! affection ( animals = _! (fspr+8 ,he sums up ! matt] by rem>k+ t ! limitation ( a faculty does n %[ t x does n exi/4 ,to pret5d t e be+ n end[$ at bir? ) p]fect reason is1 by its nature1 incapable ( reason ( any k9d1 w\ld be to ignore ! fact t al?\gh reason is a natural gift ! degree 9 :i* x is possess$ by any individual dep5ds on 8 tra9+ & on 8 tea*]s4 ,p]fect reason is possess$ by none because none has p]fect rectitude & moral excell5ce4 ,animals exhibit examples ( sociability1 c\rage1 res\rce1 & aga91 ( c[>dice & vici\sness4 ,:y d we n say ( "o tree t x is less tea*able ?an ano!r1 z we say t a %eep is less tea*able ?an a dog8 ,x is1 ( c\rse1 because plants _c ?9k1 & :]e ! faculty ( ?\ght is :olly want+1 !re _c be m or less quickness or sl[ness1 m or less ( good qualities or ( bad4 ,yet x mu/ be all[$ t man's intellig5ce is amaz+ly sup]ior to t ( animals4 ,b :at does t prove8 ,d n "s animals leave man f> beh9d 9 ! ke5ness ( _! sight & ! %>pness ( _! he>+8 ,%all we say1 !re=e1 t man is bl9d or deaf8 ,we h "s /r5g? 9 our h&s & 9 our bodies al?\gh we are n elephants or camels4 ,9 ! same way1 we %\ld be c>eful n to inf] t animals lack all reason+ faculties f ! fact t _! intellig5ce is dull] & m defective ?an man's4 8,boatfuls0 ( true /ories c be cit$ to %[ ! docility & special aptitudes ( ! diff]5t *ildr5 ( creation4 ,& a v amus+ occupation x is1 says ,plut>*1 = "y p to collect su* /ories4 ,9 ! c\rse ( 8 "w1 he sets !m a good example1 = he br+s toge!r a real 8boatful0 ( anecdotes ( clev] bea/s1 b at ?is po9t he cont5ts himself ) obs]v+ t madness 9 dogs & o!r animals w\ld be alone suffici5t to %[ t !y _h "s m9d3 o!rwise1 h[ c\ld !y g out ( x8 ,! /oics :o taught ! /ricte/ humanity to animals reject$1 nev]!less1 ! supposition t animals _h reason1 = h[1 !y ask$1 c su* a !ory be reconcil$ ) ! idea ( et]nal ju/ice8 ,w\ld x n make ab/95ce f _! fle% imp]ative & entail consequ5ces :i* w\ld make our life impracticable8 ,if we 7 to give up us+ animals = our own purposes1 we %\ld be r$uc$ ourselves almo/ to ! condition ( brutes4 8,:at works w\ld be left = u to d by l& or sea1 :at indu/ries to cultivate1 :at embelli%m5ts ( our way ( liv+1 if we reg>d$ animals z reasonable be+s & our fell[-creatures1 & h5ce adopt$ ! rule 7:i*1 cle>ly1 w\ld be only prop]7 to d !m no h>m & to /udy _! conv5i5ce40 ,_m a s5sitive mod]n s\l has pond]$ ov] ?is crux )\t f9d+ a satisfactory solution4 ,plut>* says t ,emp$ocles & ,h]aclites admitt$ ! inju/ice1 & laid x to ! door ( ,nature :i* p]mits or orda9s a /ate ( w> & necessity1 9 :i* no?+ is accompli%$ )\t ! weak] go+ to ! wall4 ,= himself1 he w\ld propose to ^? 8:o1 in/ead ( disput+1 g5tly foll[ & le>n0 ! bett] way out ( ! difficulty--:i* 0 introduc$ by ! ,sages ( ,antiquity1 !n long lo/1 & f\nd aga9 by ,py?agoras4 ,?is bett] way is to use animals z our help]s b to refra9 f tak+ life4 ,plut>* "h evades a /umbl+-block :i* he does n remove4 ,! dialogue1 z x has come d[n to u1 breaks (f sudd5ly aft] "o f9al objection3 h[ c be+s h reason :i* h no notion ( ,god8 ,"s s*ol>s imag9e t ,plut>* hurri$ ! dialogue to a close because ?is qu]y completely baffl$ him2 o!rs 7& !y are ! majority7 attribute ! abrupt f9i% to ! loss ( ! conclud+ "p4 ,w\ld ,plut>* h cont5t$ himself ) cit+ ! analogy ( "y *ildr5 :o1 al?\gh n )\t ! elem5ts ( reason1 "k v little ( !ology1 or w\ld n he r h cont5d$ ) ,celsus1 t animals d possess religi\s k8 ,if he took ! la/ c\rse1 x may well be t ! disappe>ance ( ! end ( ! dialogue 0 n accid5tal4 ,at ,rav5na !re is a t]rible mosaic1 alive ) wra? & en]gy1 :i* %[s a ,*ri/ we "k n 7= ,he looks l a gr& ,inquisitor7 ?ru/+ into ! flames h]etical books4 ,z ,i look$ at x1 ,i ?\ght h[ _m valuable classical works1 vaguely suspect$ on ! score ( fai? or morals1 mu/ h %>$ ! fate ( 8unor?odox0 polemics 9 ! m]ry bonfires :i* ?is mosaic holds up = imitation6 ,! argum5t 8t x s\nds unnatural to ascribe reason to creatures ignorant ( ,god10 sugge/s famili>ity ) a passage 9 ,epictetus 7,plut>*'s contempor>y71 :]e he says t man alone 0 made to h ! und]/&+ :i* recognises ,god--a recognition :i* he else:]e expla9s by ! hypo!sis t e man has 9 him a small portion ( ! div9e4 ,hav+ ?is intuitive s5se1 man is b\nd1 )\t ceas+1 to praise 8 ,creator1 &1 s9ce o!rs are bl9d & neglect to d x1 ,epictetus w d x on behalf ( all3 8= :at else c ,i d1 a lame old man1 ?an s+ hymns to ,god8 ,if ,i 0 a night+ale1 ,i %\ld d ! "p ( a night+ale2 if ,i 7 a swan1 ,i w\ld d l a swan2 b n[ ,i am a rational creature1 & ,i ought to praise ,god3 ?is is my "w2 ,i d x1 nor w ,i des]t ?is po/ s long z ,i am all[$ to keep x1 & ,i exhort y to jo9 9 ?is song40 ,! words are among ! sweete/ & mo/ solemn t ev] issu$ f human lips2 yet ^? :o c>e to pursue ! subject f>!r may submit t !re 0 "s "o be=e ,epictetus1 :o call$ ^u ! bea/s1 ! fi%es & ! f[ls to jo9 him 9 bless+ ! "n ( ! ,"l1 & !re 0 "s "o aft] him :o comm&$ ! birds ( ! air to s+ ! praises ( _! ,mak] & ,pres]v]6 ,x is /range t1 despite ! h>d-&-fa/ l9e :i* ! m\ld]s ( ! ,ca?olic ,fai? 7 at pa9s to trace betwe5 man & bea/1 if we w\ld f9d ! mo/ emphatic ass]tion ( _! common privilege ( prais+ ,god1 we mu/ leave ! ,pagan _w & take up ! ,bible & ! 8,fioretti0 ( ,/4 ,francis6 ,illu/ration3 7,photo3 ,somm]47 ,,bac*us ,,rid+ ,,on ,a ,,pan!r4 ,naples ,museum4 7,mosaic f\nd at ,pompeii47 ,( ! anecdotes ) :i* ,plut>* enliv5s 8 pages1 he says himself t he puts on "o side fable & my?ology1 & limits 8 *oice to ! 8all true0 category1 & if he appe>s to be at times a little cr$ul\s1 "o may well believe t he is always c&id4 ,j z 9 8 8,lives0 he tri$ to ennoble 8 read]s by mak+ noble de$s int]e/+1 s 9 8 writ+s on animals1 he tri$ to make p humane by mak+ 8 dumb cli5ts int]e/+4 ,he did n />t ) ?9k+ ! task an easy "o1 = he 0 conv9c$ t man is m cruel ?an ! mo/ savage ( wild bea/s4 ,b he aims at p\r+1 if n a full draught ( m]cy1 at lea/ "s drops1 into ! he>t t nev] felt a pang1 ! m9d t nev] gave a ?\ght4 ,_m ( 8 /ories are tak5 /raight f ! common /reet life ( ! ,rome ( 8 day1 z t ( ! elephant :i* pass$ e day along a c]ta9 /reet :]e ! s*oolboys teas$ x by prick+ its trunk ) _! writ+ /ylets 7m5 may come & g1 b ! small boy is a fix$ quantity674 ,at la/1 ! elephant1 los+ pati5ce1 pick$ up "o ( 8 torm5tors & hoi/$ him 9 ! air2 a cry ( horror rose f ! spectators1 no "o d\bt$ t 9 ano!r mom5t ! *ild w\ld be da%$ to ! gr\nd4 ,b ! elephant set ! (f5d] d[n v g5tly & walk$ away1 ?9k+1 no d\bt1 t a good fright _h be5 a suffici5t puni%m5t4 ,! ,syrian elephant1 ( :om ,plut>* tells h[ he made 8 ma/] und]/& t 9 8 abs5ce he _h be5 *eat$ ( half 8 rations1 0 n clev]] ?an "s ( 8 k9d on s]vice 9 ,india1 :o w\ld n beg9 to eat till all ?ree cakes :i* =m$ _! rations 7 set be=e ea* ( !m--a fact t 0 told me by ! (fic] ^: duty x 0 to preside at _! d9n]4 ,plut>* speaks ( c\nt+ ox5 t knew :5 ! numb] ( turns 0 f9i%$ :i* con/itut$ _! daily task at a saw-mill3 !y refus$ to p]=m "o m turn ?an ! appo9t$ figure4 ,z an in/ance ( ! discrim9ation ( animals1 he tells h[ ,alex&]'s horse1 ,bucephalus1 :5 unsaddl$1 w\ld all[ ! grooms to m\nt him1 b :5 he _h on all 8 ri* cap>isons1 no "o on e>? c\ld get on 8 back except 8 royal ma/]4 ,!re is no d\bt t animals take notice ( dress4 ,i h be5 told t :5 cr9ol9es 7 worn1 all ! dogs b>k$ at any woman n provid$ ) "o4 ,plut>* 0 among ! e>lie/ to obs]ve t animals discov] soon] ?an man :5 ice w n be>1 :i* he ?9ks t !y f9d out by notic+ if !re is any s\nd ( runn+ wat]4 ,he says truly t to draw su* an inf]5ce presupposes n only %>p e>s1 b a real p[] ( weigh+ cause & effect4 ,plut>* m5tions foxes z p>ticul>ly clev] 9 ?is respect1 b dogs possess ! same gift4 ,! ,fr5* ,ambassador at ,rome--:o1 l all p]sons ( sup]ior intellig5ce1 is v fond ( animals--told me ! foll[+ /ory4 ,"o w9t] day1 :5 he 0 ,fr5* ,m9i/] at ,muni*1 he w5t alone ) 8 gun & 8 dog to ! banks ( ! ,is>4 ,hav+ %ot a snipe1 he ord]$ ! dog to g on to ! ice to fet* x1 b1 to 8 surprise1 ! animal1 :i* _h nev] disobey$ him1 refus$4 ,annoy$ at its ob/9acy1 he w5t himself on to ! ice1 :i* imm$iately gave way1 & _h he n be5 a good swimm] he might n be n[ at ! ,palazzo ,f>nese4 ,! two creatures t h be5 mo/ prais$ = _! wisdom are ! elephant & ! ant1 b ( ! ant's admir]s f ,solomon to ,"l ,avebury1 n "o 0 ev] s en?usia/ic z ,plut>*4 ,horace1 inde$1 _h disc\rs$ ( h] =esight3 8,%e c>ries 9 h] m\? :atev] %e is able1 & piles up h] heap1 by no means ignorant or c>eless ( ! future2 !n1 :5 ,aqu>ius sadd5s ! inv]t$ ye>1 nev] does %e creep abroad1 wisely mak+ use ( ! /ores :i* 7 provid$ be=eh&40 ,b su* a tribute s\nds cold beside ,plut>*'s praise ( h] z ! t9y mirror 9 :i* ! greate/ m>vels ( ,nature are reflect$1 a drop ( ! pure/ wat]1 conta9+ e ,virtue1 &1 above all1 :at ,hom] calls 8! sweetness ( lov+ qualities40 ,ants1 he decl>es1 %[ ! utmo/ solicitude = _! comrades1 alive & dead4 ,!y exhibit _! +5uity by bit+ (f ! ends ( gra9s to prev5t !m f spr\t+ & s spoil+ ! prov5d]4 ,he speaks1 ?\gh n f 8 own obs]vation1 ( ! beautiful int]ior arrangem5ts ( ant-hills :i* _h be5 exam9$ by naturali/s :o divid$ ! m\nt into sections1 8,a ?+ ,i _c approve (60 ,t5d]-he>t$ philosoph]1 :o _h a scruple ab\t upsett+ an ant-hill6 ,( o!r insects1 he mo/ admires ! skill ( spid]s & bees4 ,x is said t ! bees ( ,crete1 :5 r\nd+ a c]ta9 promontory1 c>ri$ t9y /ones z balla/ to avoid be+ bl[n away by ! w9d4 ,i h se5 m ?an once a t9y /one hang+ f ! spid]-?reads :i* cross$ & re-cross$ an av5ue--x seem$ to me t ^! 7 design$ to /eady ! susp5sion bridge4 ,plut>* insi/s t animals tea* !mselves ev5 ?+s outside ! ord] ( _! natural habits1 a fact :i* w be confirm$ by all :o h obs]v$ !m closely4 ,j z no two animals h ! same disposition1 s does ea* "o1 ?\gh 9 greatly v>y+ degree1 display "s little arts or accompli%m5ts peculi> to itself4 ,plut>* m5tions a tra9$ elephant t 0 se5 practis+ its /eps :5 x ?\ght t no "o 0 look+4 ,b he allots ! palm ( self-culture to an incomp>able magpie t belong$ to a b>b] ^: %op fac$ ! temple call$ ! ,agora ( ! ,greeks4 ,! bird c\ld imitate to p]fection any sort ( s\nd1 cry or tune2 x 0 r5[n$ 9 ! :ole qu>t]4 ,n[ x happ5$ "o morn+ t ! fun]al ( a weal?y citiz5 w5t pa/1 accompani$ by a v f9e b& ( trumpet]s :i* p]=m$ an elaborate piece ( music4 ,aft] t day1 to e "o's surprise1 ! magpie grew mute6 ,_h x become deaf or dumb or bo?6 ,endless 7 ! surmises1 & :at 0 n ! g5]al amazem5t :51 at la/1 x broke its long sil5ce by bur/+ =? ) a flood ( brilliant notes ! exact reproduction ( ! difficult trills & cad5ces execut$ by ! fun]al b&6 ,evid5tly x _h be5 practis+ x 9 its head all t :ile1 & only produc$ x :5 x _h got x q p]fect4 ,sev]al ,romans & sev]al ,greeks witness$ ! facts & c\ld v\* = ! tru? ( ! n>rative4 ,! swall['s ne/ & ! night+ale's song make ,plut>* pause & wond]2 he believes1 ) ,ari/otle1 t ! old night+ales tea* ! "y ones1 rem>k+ t night+ales re>$ 9 captivity nev] s+ s well z ^? t h pr(it$ by ! p>5tal lessons4 ,he gives a ^w to ! dove ( ,deucalion :i* return$ a fir/ "t to ! ark because ! deluge cont9u$1 b disappe>$ :5 x 0 set free aga91 ! wat]s hav+ subsid$4 ,plut>* confesses1 h[ev]1 t ?is is 8my?ical10 & ?\gh he admits t birds des]v$ ! "n by :i* ,euripides calls !m ( 8,mess5g]s ( ! gods10 he is incl9$ to attribute _! w>n+s to ! direct int]v5tion ( an ov]-rul+ deity ( :om !y are ! inconsci5t ag5ts4 ,x is a pleasure to f9d t ,plut>* _h a high appreciation ( ! h$gehog--! *>m+ 8ur*90 :i* repres5ts to _m an ,engli% *ild an epitome ( wild nature1 fri5dly yet untam$1 famili> yet my/]i\s4 ,he does n say t x milks c[s--a calumny :i* is an article ( fai? ) ! ,briti% pl\ghman--b he relates t :5 ! grapes are ripe1 ! "m ur*9 goes "u ! v9es & %akes ! plants till "s ( ! grapes fall (f2 !n1 roll+ h]self ov] !m1 %e atta*es a numb] ( grapes to h] sp9es & s m>*es back to ! hole :]e %e keeps h] nursl+s4 8,"o day10 says ,plut>*1 8:5 we 7 all toge!r1 we _h ! *ance ( see+ ?is ) our own eyes--x look$ z if a bun* ( grapes 0 %uffl+ along ! gr\nd1 s ?ickly cov]$ 0 ! animal ) its booty40 ,dogs t ?rew !mselves on _! ma/]s' pyre1 dogs t caus$ ! arre/ ( assass9s or ?ieves1 dogs t rema9$ ) & protect$ ! bodies ( _! dead ma/]s1 clev] dogs1 devot$ dogs1 magnanim\s dogs--^! w be all f\nd 9 ,plut>*'s gall]y4 ,h[ high-m9d$1 he says1 x is 9 ! dog :51 z ,hom] advises1 y lay d[n y\r /ick1 ev5 an angry dog ceases to attack y4 ,he praises ! affectionate reg>d :i* _m h %[n 9 giv+ dec5t burial to ! dogs !y *]i%$1 & recalls h[ ,xantippus ( old1 ^: dog swam by 8 galley to ,salamis :5 ! ,a!nians 7 =c$ to ab&on _! city1 buri$ ! fai?ful creature on a promontory :i* 8to ?is day0 is kn[n z ! ,dog's ,grave4 ,v desolate 0 ! case ( ! o!r animals t ran up & d[n di/raught :5 _! ma/]s emb>k$1 l ! poor cats & dogs :i* help$ ! ,engli% soldi]s 9 ! block-h\ses to :ile away ! we>y h\rs1 & :i*1 by sup]ior ord]s1 7 left to _! fate1 ?\gh _! comrades 9 khaki 7 anxi\s en\gh to c>ry !m away4 ,z a pro( ( ! affection ( ! ,greeks = _! dogs ,plut>* might h spok5 ( ! n uncommon repres5tation ( !m on ! ,/el 9 ! family gr\p :i* br+s toge!r all ! de>e/ ties betwe5 life & dea?4 ,"o animal is miss+ f ,plut>*'s portrait gall]y--! cat1 to :i* he only conc$es ! ungraci\s allusion 8t man _h n ! excuse ( hung] = eat+ fle%1 l ! weasel or cat40 ,c we make good ! omission f o!r s\rces8 ,!re is a g5]al notion t cats 87 almo/ unkn[n to ,greek & ,roman antiquity0--^! are ! words ( s well-in=m$ a writ] z ,m4 ,s4 ,re9a*4 ,yet in/ances exi/ ( pa9t+s ( cats on ,greek vases ( ! fif? c5tury1 & ,i 0 int]e/$ to see 9 ! ,museum at ,a!ns a well-c>v$ cat on a /ele4 ,ari/otle1 :o1 l ,plut>*1 m5tions cats 9 connexion ) weasels 7bo?1 he says1 cat* birds71 reckons ! "t !y live at six ye>s1 less ?an half ! life ( an av]age mod]n cat2 ?is may indicate t ?\gh kn[n1 !y 7 n !n acclimatis$ 9 ,europe4 sop has f\r fables ( cats3 #a4 ,a cat dress$ z a physician (f]s 8 s]vices to an avi>y ( birds2 !y are decl9$4 #b4 ,a cat seeks an excuse = eat+ a cock2 he fails to f9d ! excuse1 b eats ! cock all ! same4 #c4 ,a cat pret5ds to be dead s t mice may come ne> h]4 #d4 ,a cat falls 9 love ) a h&some "y man & induces ,v5us to *ange h] into a lovely maid54 ,b on a m\se com+ into ! room1 %e scamp]s aft] x4 ,v5us1 be+ displeas$1 *anges h] back into a cat4 ,?is belongs to a l>ge circle ( folk-tales1 & probably all ^! fables came f ! ,ea/4 ,h]odotus tells z a 8v m>vell\s ?+0 t cats are apt to ru% back into a burn+ h\se1 & t ! ,egyptians try to save !m1 ev5 at ! risk ( _! lives1 b r>ely succe$3 h5ce great lam5tation4 ,also1 t if a cat die 9 a h\se all ! dwell]s 9 x %ave _! eyebr[s2 8! cats1 :5 !y are dead1 !y c>ry = burial to ! city ( ,buba/is40 ,! ,egyptian "n = light 7& = cat7 is ,mau1 & ! inf]5ce is irresi/ible1 t ! ,egyptians suppos$ ! cat to be con/antly apo/rophiz+ ! sacr$ light ( :i* %e 0 ! symbol4 ,no?+ %[s ! /r5g? ( tradition bett] ?an ! exi/5ce ( an end[m5t at ,cairo = ! fe$+ & h\s+ ( homeless cats4 ,if ! cat 9 ,europe _h be5 a r>ity s great z mo/ p ?9k1 x w\ld h be5 m highly priz$4 ,x seems ne>] ! tru? to say t x 0 n admir$4 ,its incomplete dome/ication :i* attracts u1 did n attract ! anci5t _w4 ,tame only s f> z x suits _! own purposes1 cats patronize man1 look+ d[n ^u him f a high] plane1 :i*1 if only ! h\se-top1 !y make a gold5 b>4 8,*at my/rieux1 ,*at sraphique1 *at trange 444 ,peut-tre e/-il fe1 e/-il dieu80 ,greeks & ,romans pref]r$ a pla9 animal to ?is half-elf1 half-god4 ,! ,greek comic writ]1 ,anax&rides1 said to ! ,egyptians3 8,y weep if y see a cat ail+1 b ,i l to kill & sk9 x40 ,! fe> le/ cats %\ld be pr(anely treat$ 9 ,europe l$ ! ,egyptians to d all !y c\ld to prev5t _! exportation2 !y ev5 s5t missions to ! ,m$it]ranean to ransom ! cats borne into slav]y & c>ry !m back to ,egypt4 ,b ^! missions c\ld n h rea*$ ! cats t _h be5 tak5 inl&1 & z ! animal increases rapidly1 x may h be5 fairly common f e>ly times4 ,!re is no d\bt1 h[ev]1 t ! numb] w5t up ) a b\nd :5 ,egypt became ,*ri/ian1 & e monk :o came to ,europe br\ght %oals ( cats1 ! date correspond+ ) t ( ! fir/ invasion ( ! rat 9 ! trail ( ! ,huns4 ,illu/ration3 ,,bronze ,,/atue ,,( ,,an ,,egyptian ,,cat4 7,collection ( ,h4,e4 ,monsieur ,camille ,b>rre1 ,fr5* ,ambassador at ,rome47 ,antiquity reg>d$ ! cat1 be=e all ?+s1 z a little bea/ ( prey4 ,ne>ly e ref]5ce to x gives x ?is "*4 ,9 ! /ele at ,a!ns ! cat is suppos$ to be look+ at a bird-cage to :i* ! man is po9t+2 ! man holds a bird 9 8 left h&1 presumably ! pet ( ! *ild :o /&s by him4 ,x seems z if ! cat m$itat$ if x _h n p]=m$ "s fell de$4 ,s5eca obs]v$ t "y *ick5s feel an in/9ctive fe> ( ! cat b n ( ! dog4 ,! f9e mosaic at ,pompeii %[s a tabby kitt5 9 ! act ( cat*+ a quail4 ,only "o anci5t poet1 by a slight magician-l t\*1 calls up a diff]5t vision3 ,!orcitus makes ! voluble ,prax9 say to h] maid3 8,eun1 pick up y\r "w1 & take c>e1 lazy girl1 h[ y leave x ly+ ab\t aga92 ! cats f9d x j ! b$ !y l40 ,!re--at la/--is ! cat we "k6 ,b aft] all1 x is an ,egyptian cat3 a cat sure ( h] privileges1 a cat :o relies on h] goddess prototype1 & has b a modicum ( respect = ! *att]+ little ,syracusan woman 9 ^: h\se %e condesc5ds to reside4 ,su* 7 n cats ( anci5t ,greece & ,rome1 :o1 f be+ un-appreciat$1 fell back to ! morals ( ! simple ravag]4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,v ,,man ,,& ,,8 ,,bro!r ,,traditional beliefs are l ! coco de m] :i* 0 f\nd float+1 "h & !re1 on ! sea1 or wa%$ up on ! %ore1 & :i* gave bir? to ! /range/ conjectures2 x 0 suppos$ to tell ( undiscov]$ cont95ts or to h dropp$ f heav5 itself4 ,!n1 "o day1 "s "o saw ?is peculi> cocoanut quietly gr[+ on a tall palm-tree 9 an obscure islet ( ! ,indian ,ocean4 ,all we ga!r ( primitive traditions is ! fruit4 ,yet ! fruit did n gr[ 9 ! air1 x grew on bran*es & ! bran*es grew on a trunk & ! trunk _h a root4 ,to get to ! root ( ev5 ! slighte/ ( our own prejudices--let alone ^? ( ! savage--we %\ld h to travel back f> into times :5 hi/ory 0 n4 ,lucretius plac$ at ! beg9n+ ( ! ages ( mank9d a b]ry-eat+ race1 innoc5t ( blood4 ,! second age belong$ to ! hunt] :o kill$ animals1 at fir/1 & possibly = a long "t1 = _! sk9s1 be=e he us$ _! fle% z food4 ,9 ! ?ird age animals 7 dome/icat$2 fir/ ! %eep1 because t 0 g5tle & easily tam$ 7:i* "o may see by ! m\fflons at ,monte ,c>lo71 !n1 by degrees1 ! o!rs4 ,?is classification 0 wor?y ( ! mo/ f>-see+ m9d ( antiquity4 ,_h n human orig9ally meant humane we %\ld n h be5 "h to tell ! tale4 ,! great] traditions ( a bloodless age are en%r9$ 9 sacr$ books2 m9or traditions ( x ab\nd 9 ! folk-lore ( ! _w4 ,man 0 home-sick ( innoc5ce2 8 consci5ce1 :i* has gone on gett+ m blunt$1 n m s5sitive1 revolt$ at ! 8daily murd]40 ,s mank9d call$ ^u heav5 to provide an excuse = slaught]4 ,! ,kirghis ( ,mongolia say t 9 ! beg9n+ only f\r m5 & f\r animals 7 made3 ! camel1 ! ox1 ! %eep1 & ! horse1 & all 7 told to live on grass4 ,! animals graz$1 b ! m5 pull$ up ! grass by ! roots & /or$ x4 ,! animals compla9$ to ,god t ! m5 7 pull+ up all ! grass1 & t soon !re w\ld be none left4 ,god said3 8,if ,i =bid m5 to eat grass1 w y all[ !m to eat y80 ,fe>+ />vation1 ! animals cons5t$4 ,f ! fir/ *apt] ( ,g5esis to ! la/ ( ! 8,orig9 ( ,species0 !re is "o long te/imony to our veget>ian ance/or1 b beyond ! fact t he exi/$1 :at d we "k ab\t him8 ,we may well believe t he liv$ 9 a good climate & on a pl5te\s e>?4 ,adam & ,eve or _! repres5tatives c\ld n h subsi/$ 9 ,gre5l&4 ,i ?9k t ! kill+ ( wild animals1 & especially ! eat+ ( !m1 began :5 man f\nd himself confront$ by extremes ( cold & l5g? ( w9t] nights4 ,! sk9s ( animals gave him ! only possibility ( keep+ w>m or ev5 ( liv+ at all1 if he 0 to brave ! out] air1 :ile _! fle% may h be5 (t5 ! only food he c\ld f9d4 ,he 0 oblig$ to eat !m to keep alive1 z ,arctic explor]s h be5 oblig$ to eat _! sl$ge-dogs4 ,n pref]5ce1 b h>d necessity1 made him c>nivor\s4 ,^! speculations are confirm$ by ! do+s ( ! e>lie/ man ( :om we h any sure k2 n ! proto-man :o mu/ h develop$1 z ,i h said1 "u v diff]5t climatic conditions4 ,p]haps he sat "u ! palm-trees gr[+ on ! banks ( ! ,?ames1 b ?\gh ! palm-trees h left u _! fruit1 man1 if he 0 !re1 left no?+ to speak ( 8 h>mless soj\rn4 ,by t5s ( ?\s&s ( ye>s ! e>lie/ man ) :om we c claim acqua9tance is ! re9de] hunt] ( ,qu>t5>y times4 ,he hunt$ & f$ ^u ! re9de]1 b he _h n tam$ !m4 ,he wore re9de] sk9s1 b he c\ld n pr(it by re9de] milk2 no *ildr5 7 br\ght up by h&1 possibly to ! advantage ( ! *ildr54 ,x is likely1 by ! by1 t ! p]iod ( human lactation 0 v long4 ,! horse also 0 kill$ = food at a "t inf9itely remov$ f ! date ( 8 fir/ s]vice to man4 ,illu/ration3 ,,re9de] ,,br[s+4 ,old] ,/one ,age4 ,illu/ration3 ,,horse ,,draw+ ,,disc ,,( ,,! ,,sun4 ,old] ,bronze ,age4 ,! re9de] hunt] 0 a mo/ intellig5t obs]v] ( animals4 ,he 0 an arti/ & a v good "o4 ,! be/ ( 8 scrat*+s on re9de] horn & bone ( horses & re9de] 9 diff]5t attitudes are admirable = fre$om1 life1 & t intuition ( "* :i* makes ! true animal pa9t]4 ,= a "t :i* makes "o dizzy to look d[n ^u1 no su* draughtsman appe>$ z ! pre-hi/oric cave dwell]4 ,! m5 ( ! age ( ,poli%$ ,/one & ( ! e>ly ages ( metals produc$ no?+ simil> 9 ! way ( design4 ,!y und]/ood beauty ( =m & ornam5t or1 r1 p]haps1 !y /ill %>$ 9 t ,nature's own un]r+ t\*2 x took mill5niums ( civilisation = man to make "o ugly pot or pan4 ,b ^! m5 _h n ! gift or ev5 ! idea ( sitt+ d[n to copy a graz+ or runn+ animal4 ,we ne$ n g f>1 h[ev]1 to f9d a man :o1 liv+ "u ne>ly ! same conditions z ! re9de] hunt] ( ,s\!rn ,france1 has develop$ ! same arti/ic aptitude4 ,i %all always recall ) pleasure my visit to a ,lapl&]'s hut2 x 0 9 ! broad daylight ( ,arctic midnight--no "o slept 9 ! hut1 except an extraord9>ily small baby 9 a canoe-%ap$ cradle4 ,! floor 0 spread ) h&some furs1 & its aspect 0 nei!r untidy nor com=tless4 ,i reflect$ t ?is 0 h[ ! cave dwell] arrang$ 8 safe retreat4 ,mu* m /rongly 0 he br\ght to my m9d by ! dome/ic objects ( e sort made ( re9de] horn & adorn$ ) draw+s4 ,z ,i write ,i h "o ( !m be=e me1 a l>ge horn knife1 ! %ea? ( :i* ends ) ! bran*+ po9ts4 ,x is beautifully decorat$ ) graffiti1 %[+ ! good & graceful creature )\t :om ! ,lapl&] _c live4 ,! s*ool ( art is di/9ctly ,troglodite4 ,a !ory has be5 />t$ t ! man ( ! ,qu>t5>y age drew 8 horses & 8 re9de] solely z a magical decoy f ! idea t ! pictures 8call$0 ! game z :i/l+ 7i4e41 imitat+ ! s\nd ( ! w9d7 8calls0 ! w9d4 ,i d n "k t ! ,lapps1 ?\gh practis$ 9 magic1 h any su* purpose 9 view4 ,x is said t x w\ld be absurd to attribute a motive ( m]e arti/ic pleasure to ! ,troglodite4 ,:y8 ,"s races h z natural a t5d5cy to arti/ic ef=t z ! b[]-bird has to decorate its ne/4 ,conditions ( climate may h giv5 ! hunt] p]iods ( en=c$ idl5ess1 & art1 9 its e>lie/ =m1 01 p]haps1 always an escape f ennui1 a mode ( pass+ ! "t4 ,t ! e>ly hunt] dealt 9 magic is likely en\gh2 he is suppos$1 ?\gh n on altoge!r conclusive gr\nds1 to h be5 a feti*-wor%ipp]1 & feti*-wor%ip is ak9 to "s k9ds ( magic4 ,b x does n foll[ t all 8 art _h ?is connexion4 ,h[ animals appe>$ to 8 eyes we "k2 :at he ?\ght ab\t !m he has n told u4 ,! ,eskimo1 ! mod]n pre-hi/oric man :o is believ$ to be a bett]-pres]v$ type ?an ev5 ! ,lapp1 may be ask$ to speak = him4 ,! ,eskimo c say t he _h a fri5dly feel+ t[>ds all liv+ ?+s1 not)/&+ t he f$ on fle%1 & t wild bea/s sometimes f$ on him4 ,n t he _h ev] talk$ ( wild bea/s1 = he _h no tame ones4 ,he _h n a vocabul>y ( rude t]ms ab\t animals4 ,he 0 incl9$ to cr$it e species ) _m pot5tial m]its4 ,! ,eskimo is afraid--v mu* afraid--( be>s4 ,yet he is ! fir/ to admit t ! be> is capable ( act+ l ! f9e/ ( f9e g5tlem54 ,a woman 0 9 a fright at see+ a be> & s gave him a p>tridge2 t be> nev] =got ! trifl+ s]vice1 b br\ght h] newly kill$ seals ev] aft]4 ,ano!r be> sav$ ! life ( ?ree m5 :o wi%$ to rew>d him4 ,he politely decl9$ _! (f]1 b if1 9 w9t] "t1 !y %\ld see a bald-head$ be>1 w !y induce _! companions to sp>e him8 ,aft] s say+1 he plung$ into ! sea4 ,next w9t] a be> 0 sight$ & !y 7 go+ to hunt him1 :5 ^! m51 rememb]+ :at _h happ5$1 begg$ ! hunt]s to wait till !y _h _h a look at him4 ,sure en\gh x 0 8_! own be>06 ,!y told ! o!rs to prep>e a fea/ = him1 & :5 he _h refre%$ himself1 he lay d[n to sleep & ! *ildr5 play$ ar\nd him4 ,pres5tly he awoke & ate a little m1 aft] :i* he w5t d[n to ! sea1 leapt 91 & 0 nev] se5 aga94 ,ev5 su* lovely imag9+s1 we may believe1 )\t an excessive /ret* ( fancy1 gild$ ! m5tal horizon ( ! ,troglodite4 ,he _h long left beh9d ! /age ( primal innoc5ce1 b no sup]natural *asm gap$ betwe5 him & 8 little bro!rs4 ,! re9de] hunt]s 7 subm]g$ by :at is m inexorable ?an man--,nature4 ,! re9de] vani%$1 & ) him ! hunt]1 doom$ by ! *ang$ conditions ( climate4 ,he vani%$ z ! ,lapp is vani%+2 ! poignantly tragic sc5e :i* 0 *ronicl$ by two l9es 9 ! newspap]s dur+ ! e>ly summ] ( #aijf--! suicide ( a :ole clan ( ,lapps ^: re9de] 7 dead & :o _h no?+ to d b to foll[ !m--may h happ5$ 9 :at we call fair ,prov5ce4 ,?\s&s ( m5 paid ) _! lives = its becom+ a rose g>d54 ,! successors ( ! re9de] hunt]s1 ,turanian l !m1 b f> m progressive1 7 ! lake dwell]s1 ! dolm5-build]s1 ) _! weav+ & sp9n+1 _! s[+ & reap+1 _! pott]y & _! baskets1 _! poli%$ fl9ts & _! dome/ic animals4 ,man's greate/ a*ievem5t1 ! dome/ication ( animals1 _h be5 rea*$ 9 ! unrecord$ ages t divide ! r\gh & ! poli%$ /one4 ,man1 8excell5t 9 art10 _h ma/]$ ! bea/ ^: lair is 9 ! wilds2 8he tames ! horse ( %aggy mane1 he puts ! yoke ^u its neck2 he tames ! tireless m\nta9 bull40 ,! great m9d ( ,sophocles saw & saw truly t ^! 7 ! mighty works ( man2 ! works :i* made man1 man4 ,we "k t :5 ! ,neoli?ic meat-eat] ( :at is n[ ,d5m>k ?rew away ! bones aft] he _h done 8 meal1 ^! bones 7 gnaw$ by h\se-dogs4 ,a simple ?+1 b x tells a wondr\s tale4 ,did ^! dogs come ) _! ma/]s f ,asia1 or _h !y be5 tam$ 9 _! ,nor!rn home8 ,! answ] dep5ds on :e!r ! dog is desc5d$ f jackal or wolf4 ,9 ei!r case x is unlikely t ! mo/ trem5d\s task ( dome/ication 0 ! fir/4 ,n ev]y:]e has man dome/icat$ animals1 ?\gh we may be sure t he took !m ev]y:]e ) him aft] he _h dome/icat$ !m4 ,if man walk$ on dry l& across ! ,atlantic z "s en?usia/ic /ud5ts ( sub-oceanic geography n[ believe t he did1 he l$ no %eep1 no horses1 no dogs4 ,9 ,am]ica1 :5 x 0 discov]$1 !re 0 only "o dome/ic animal1 & 9 ,au/ralia !re 0 none4 ,( native animals1 ! ,am]ican buffalo c\ld h be5 easily tam$4 ,x may be said t 9 ,au/ralia !re 0 no suitable animal1 b ! dog's ance/or c\ld n h seem$ a suitable animal = a h\sehold protector2 a jackal is n a promis+ pupil1 /ill less a wolf1 unless !re 0 "s m g5tle k9d ( wolf ?an any :i* n[ survives4 ,might n a good deal h be5 made out ( ! kang>oo8 ,possibly ! :ole task ( dome/ication 0 ! "w ( "o pati5t1 intellig5t & widely-spread race1 k9dr$ ( ! ,japanese1 :o 9 mak+ =e/ trees into dw>fs %[ ! sort ( qualities t w\ld be ne$$ to make a wild animal n only unafraid 7t is no?+71 b also a will+ s]vant4 ,! ,neoli?ic man's es*atology ( animals & ( himself 0 id5tical4 ,he contemplat$ = bo? a future life :i* reproduc$ ?is "o4 8,! belief 9 ! dea?lessness ( s\ls10 said ,canon ,isaac ,taylor1 80 ! great contribution ( ! ,turanian race to ! religi\s ?\ght ( ! _w40 ,?is appe>s to claim almo/ too mu*4 ,w\ld any race h _h ! c\rage to />t ^u its way _h x conceiv$ dea? z real8 8,x is a mode/ cre$ & yet ,pleasant if "o consid]s x1 ,to own t dea? itself mu/ be ,l all ! re/1 a mock]y40 ,x is a cre$ :i* spr+s f ! v in/9ct ( life4 ,two pelicans return+ to _! ne/ f\nd _! two "y ones dead f sun/roke4 ,! c>eful obs]v] :o 0 wat*+ !m has record$ t !y did n seem to recognise ! in]t1 fluffy heap z :at 0 _! fl$gl+s2 !y hunt$ = !m = a long :ile1 mov+ ! twigs ( ! ne/1 & at la/ ?rew "o ( ! dead birds out ( x4 ,s ! primitive man 9 pres5ce ( ! dead kn[s t ?is is n he & he beg9s to ask3 :]e is he8 ,b if e race 9 turn has ask$ t "q1 x 0 ask$ ) m insi/5ce by "s peoples ?an by o!rs1 & above all1 x 0 answ]$ by "s ) m assurance4 ,! ,neoli?ic ,turanians _h no?+ mi/y 9 _! vision ( ano!r _w4 ,x 0 full ( movem5t & v>iety3 ! *ase1 ! battle1 ! fea/1 sleep & awak5+1 night & day--^! 7 !re z well z "h4 ,animals 7 ess5tial to ! picture1 & x nev] /ruck ! ,neoli?ic man t !re 0 any m difficulty ab\t _! liv+ aga9 ?an ab\t 8 liv+ aga94 ,if he philosophis$ at all1 x 0 probably aft] ! fa%ion ( ! ,eskimo :o holds ! s\l to be ! 8own]0 ( ! body3 ! body1 ! fle%1 dies & may be dev\r$1 b he :o kills ! body does n kill its 8own]40 ,va/ numb]s ( bones h be5 f\nd ne> ! dolm5s 9 ,s\!rn ,france4 ,! /e$ ( ! dead man gallop$ ) him into ! ,beyond4 ,! fai?ful dog trott$ by ! little *ild1 comrade & gu>dian4 ,9 ! exquisite ,hebrew idyll ,tobias has 8 dog z well z ! angel to accompany him on 8 adv5tur\s e>?ly j\rney4 ,! little ,neoli?ic boy _h only ! dog & 8 j\rney 0 long]2 b to "s griev+ fa!rs w\ld x n be a r>e com=t to imag9e _! lo/ d>l+s gu>d$ by lov+ f\r-foot$ fri5ds along ! ,pa? ( ,s\ls8 ,! ,celtic conqu]ors ( ! dolm5-build]s took mo/ ( _! religi\s ideas4 ,:5 successful aid 9 mundane matt]s 0 :at 0 *iefly s\ght 9 religion1 a little ?+ might det]m9e conv]sion en masse4 ,if ! div9ities ( "o set ( p seem$ on "s occasion p[]less1 x 0 natural to try ! div9ities ( somebody else4 ,:5 success cr[n$ ! exp]im5t1 ! new wor%ip 0 =mally adopt$4 ,?is is exactly :at happ5$ 9 ! hi/oric case ( ,clovis & 8,clo?ilde's ,god10 & x d\btless happ5$ frequ5tly be=e ! dawn ( hi/ory4 ,druidism is believ$ to h aris5 9 ?is way 9 a graft+ ( ! new on ! old4 ,! ,celts _h ! same views ab\t ! next _w z ! dolm5-build]s4 ,!y are ?\ght to h tak5 !m f ! conqu]$ ) ! re/ ( _! religi\s sy/em1 b to me x seems unlikely t !y _h n already simil> views :5 !y arriv$ f ,asia4 ,9 ! e>ly ,v$as goats & horses 7 sacrific$ to g be=e & ann\nce ! com+ ( ! dead2 ,v$ic animals kept _! =ms1 ! r5ew$ body 0 p]fect & incorruptible1 b x 0 ! real body4 ,a celebrat$ racehorse 0 deifi$ aft] dea?4 ,su* beliefs h a /rong aff9ity to ! !ory t animals 7or slaves7 kill$ at ! man's fun]al w be useful to him 9 ! aft]-life4 ,h[ev] d]iv$1 our ,european ance/ors embrac$ t !ory to ! full4 ,only a few ye>s ago a second ,vik+ %ip 0 f\nd at ,oseb]g1 9 ,norway1 9 :i* 7 ! rema9s ( t5 horses1 f\r dogs1 a "y ox1 & ! head ( an old ox4 ,?ree m horses 7 f\nd outside4 ,! dogs _h on _! own coll>s ) long *a9s4 ,!re 7 also sl$ges ) elaborately c>v$ animals' heads4 ,x 0 a que5's grave2 h] di/aff & sp9n+-:eel told ( simple womanly tasks amid/ s mu* sepul*ral spl5d\r4 ,9 ^? late times ! law by :i* religi\s =ms gr[ m sumptu\s z ! fai? beh9d !m gr[s less1 may h come into op]ation4 ,lavi% b mean+less tributes may h tak5 ! place ( a provision full ( mean+ = real wants4 ,s ! sacrifices to ! gods may h be5 once int5d$ to /ock ! pa/ures ( heav54 ,x _c be d\bt$ t ! victim 0 nev] kill$ 9 ! m9d ( ! orig9al sacrific]1 x 0 m]ely transf]r$ to ano!r sph]e4 ,! wors] b>b>ity comes 9 :5 ! true significance ( ! act is lo/ & :5 x is repeat$ f habit4 ,aft] animals 7 dome/icat$ !y 7 n kill$ at all = a long "t--/ill less 7 !y eat54 ,( ?is !re c be no %ad[ ( d\bt4 ,! fir/ dome/ic animals 7 f> too valuable possessions = any "o to ?9k ( kill+ !m4 ,z soon w\ld a %[man kill a p]=m+ bull :i* _h co/ him a great deal ( tr\ble to tra94 ,besides ?is1 & m ?an ?is1 ! natural man1 :o is mu* bett] ?an he is pa9t$1 has a natural horror ( slay+ ! creature t eats out ( 8 h& & gives him milk & wool & will+ s]vice4 ,!re are pa/oral tribes n[ 9 ,s\? ,africa :i* live on ! milk1 *eese & butt] ( _! %eep1 b only kill !m z ! la/ necessity4 ,9 ,ea/ ,africa ! c[ is nev] kill$1 & if "o falls ill1 x is put into a sort ( infirm>y & c>efully t5d$4 ,we all "k ! div9ity :i* h$ges r\nd ! ,h9du c[4 ,! same compunction once sav$ ! lab\r+ ox4 ,:5 ,i 0 at ,a!ns = ! ,ar*ological ,congress ( #aije1 ,dr4 ,r4 ,c4 ,bosanquet1 at t "t head ( ! ,briti% s*ool1 told me t he _h obs]v$ among ! peasants 9 ,crete ! mo/ int5se reluctance to kill ! ox ( lab\r4 ,9 sev]al places 9 ,anci5t ,greece all sorts ( devices 7 resort$ to 9 ord] t ! sacrificial knife might seem to kill ! "y bull accid5tally1 & ! knife--! guilty ?+--0 aft]w>ds ?r[n into ! sea4 ,?is la/ cu/om is important2 x m>ks ! mom5t :5 ! slaught] ( dome/ic animals1 ev5 = sacrificial purposes1 /ill caus$ a scruple4 ,! case /&s ?us3 at fir/ !y 7 n kill$ at all2 !n1 = a long "t1 !y 7 kill$ only = sacrifice4 ,!n !y 7 kill$ = food1 b f> & wide relics ( ! orig9al scruple may be detect$ z 9 ! common invocation ( div9e p]mission :i* e ,moslem but*] utt]s be=e kill+ an animal4 ,animal & human sacrifices are "o ph5om5on ( e>ly mann]s1 n two4 ,! p :o sacrific$ dome/ic animals to accompany _! dead g5]ally1 if n always1 also sacrific$ slaves = ! same purpose1 & ! sacrifice ( fair maid5s at ! fun]als ( h]oes 0 to give !m ^! z companions 9 ano!r _w4 ,i am n aw>e t ,gift ,sacrifice ev] l$ to cannibalism nor1 9 its primitive =ms1 did x lead to eat+ ! fle% ( ! animal victim :i* 0 buri$ or burnt ) ! body ( ! p]son :om x 0 int5d$ to hon\r4 ,?is is :at 0 done by ! dolm5-build]s4 ,! e>li] re9de] hunt]s _h no dome/ic animals to sacrifice1 & x is unlikely t !y sacrific$ m54 ,at all ev5ts1 !y 7 n cannibals4 ,on ! o!r h&1 cannibalism is closely connect$ ) ,pact ,sacrifice1 :i* !re is a t5d5cy n[ to reg>d z antec$5t to ,gift ,sacrifice1 especially among ^? s*ol>s :o ?9k t ! :ole human race has pass$ ?r\gh a /age ( ,totemism4 ,psy*ologically ! ,totemi/'s sacrifice ( a res]v$ animal to :i* all ! sanctity ( human life is ascrib$1 resembles ! sacrifice by "s ,african tribes ( a human victim--z 9 bo? cases n only is a pact ( bro!rhood seal$1 b also ^? :o p>take ( ! fle% are suppos$ to acquire ! physical1 moral1 or sup]s5sual qualities attribut$ to ! victim4 ,inde$1 x w\ld be possible to argue t ! ,totem 0 a sub/itute = a human victim1 & a :ole new !ory ( ,totemism might be evolv$ f t po/ulate1 b x is wis] to obs]ve su* aff9ities )\t try+ to d]ive "o ?+ f ano!r :i* commonly proves a sn>e & a delusion4 ,x is suffici5t to note t among fundam5tal human ideas is ! belief t man gr[s l :at he fe$s ^u4 ,! sacrifice ( ! ,totem1 ?\gh f\nd scatt]$ :]ev] ,totemism prevails1 is n an inv>iable or ev5 a usual accompanim5t ( x4 ,:5 x does occur1 ! ,totem is n suppos$ to die1 any m ?an ! victim 0 suppos$ to die 9 ! primitive ,gift ,sacrifice4 ,x *anges h\ses or goes to live ) 8our lo/ o!rs10 or returns to et]nal life 9 ! 8lake ( ! dead40 ,! dea? ( ! s\l is ! la/ ?+ t is ?\ght (4 ,! majority ( ,totemi/s d n kill _! ,totems "u any circum/ances1 & :5 ! ,totem is a wild bea/ !y believe t x %[s a l respect = ! memb]s ( its phratry4 ,if "o dies !y deplore its loss2 9 "s p>ts ( ,ea/ ,africa :]e ! ,totem is a hy5a n ev5 ! *ief is m\rn$ = ) equal c]emony4 ,totemism is ! adoption ( an animal 7or plant7 z ! visible badge ( an invisible bond4 ,! ^w ,totem is an ,am]ican ,indian ^w = 8badge10 & ! ^w ,taboo a ,polynesian t]m mean+ an int]diction4 ,! ,totemi/ g5]ally says t he is desc5d$ f 8 ,totem3 h5ce ! m5 & ! bea/s ( ea* ,totem clan are bro!rs4 ,b ! bea/ is some?+ m ?an a bro!r1 he is ! p]petual re9c>nation ( ! race-_s4 ,num]ical problems nev] tr\ble ! natural human m9d2 all ! cats ( ,buba/is 7 equally sacr$1 & all ! cr[s ( ,au/ralia are equally sacr$ to ! clans :o h a cr[ = ,totem4 ,to ! mass ( c\ntry folks e c[ is ! c[1 e m\se is ! m\se2 ! ,engli% villag] is practically z mu* conv9c$ ( ?is z ! ,am]ican ,indian or ! ,au/ralian native is conv9c$ t e ,totem is ! ,totem4 ,m5 & wom5 ( ! same ,totem are taboo3 !y _c int]m>ry4 ,b ,i ne$ n speak ( ,totemism "h z a social in/itution4 ,my bus9ess ) x is limit$ to its place 9 ! hi/ory ( ideas ab\t animals4 ,9 ,totemism we f9d repres5t$ n "o idea1 b an aggregation ( mo/ ( ! fundam5tal ideas ( mank9d4 ,?is is :y ! attempt to trace x to "o p>ticul> root has fail$ to dispose ( ! "q ( its orig9 9 a f9al & satisfactory mann]4 ,= a "t !re seem$ to be a g5]al disposition to accept :at is call$ ! 8,nickname !ory0 by :i* ,totemism 0 attribut$ to ! cu/om ( giv+ animal nicknames4 ,we h a peasant call$ ,n$rott 79 ! ,brescian dialect 8duck072 ,i myself nev] he>d 8 real "n--8 wife is 8la ,n$rott0 & 8 *ildr5 are 8i ,n$rotti40 ,x is alleg$ t 8 fa!r or gr&fa!r _h flat feet4 ,b ,i nev] he>d ( a confusion betwe5 ! ,n$rotti & _! nicknamesakes4 ,x may be said t ?is w\ld be sure to happ5 7 !y less civilis$4 ,h[ c we be sure t x w\ld be sure to happ58 ,an em95t s*ol> :o objects to ! nickname !ory on ! gr\nd t x assigns too mu* importance to 8v]bal misund]/&+10 proposes z an alt]native ! 8impregnation !ory40 ,a woman1 on becom+ aw>e ( approa*+ mo!rhood1 m5tally connects ! future (fspr+ ) an animal or plant :i* happ5s to cat* h] eye at t mom5t4 ,?is is conceivable1 giv5 ! peculi> notions ( "s savages on g5]ation1 b if all ,totemism sprang f su* a cause1 is x n /range t 9 ,au/ralia !re are only two ,totems1 ! eagle-hawk & cr[8 ,z a m]e outw>d fact1 ! ,totem is :at its "n implies1 a badge or sign2 j z ! wolf 0 ! badge ( ,rome1 or z ! lion is tak5 to repres5t ! ,briti% ,empire4 ,! conv5i5ce ( adopt+ a common badge or sign may h appe>$ to m5 almo/ z soon z !y settl$ into sep>ate clans or communities4 ,besides public ,totems !re exi/ private & secret ,totems1 & ?is sugge/s t ! e>lie/ communities may h consi/$ ( a sort ( freemasonry1 a league ( mutual help ( ! nature ( a secret society4 ,ar\nd ! outw>d & s to speak h]aldic fact ( ,totemism are ga!r$ ! impressions & beliefs :i* make x a rule ( life1 a morality & a religion4 ,! "t may come :5 ! desire to give a reason = an emotion w be recognis$ z "o ( ! greate/ factors 9 my?-mak+4 ,! ,totemi/ ?9ks t he sp>es 8 ,totem because x is 8 ,totem4 ,b man is glad to f9d an excuse = sp>+ some?+4 ,altruism is z old z ! day :5 ! fir/ bird took a succul5t b]ry to its mate or "y ones in/ead ( eat+ x4 ,:]e m5 see no diff]5ce betwe5 !mselves & animals1 :at m natural ?an t !y %\ld wi% to sp>e !m8 ,:5 x 0 f\nd difficult or impossible to sp>e all1 x 0 a ka?>sis ( ! wid] s5tim5t to sp>e "o1 & ,totemism gave a v good excuse4 ,x appeal$ to a univ]sal in/9ct4 ,?is is n ! same z to say t x _h its orig9 9 keep+ pets2 x w\ld be ne>] ! tru? to describe ! love ( pets z a lat] bir? ( ! same in/9ctive t5d5cy :i* ! ,totemi/ foll[s :5 he *]i%es & pres]ves 8 ,totem4 ,! primitive man is a *ild 9 ! va/ zoological g>d5 ( ,nature2 a *ild ) a he>t full ( love1 curiosity & respect1 anxi\s to make fri5ds ) ! lion :i* looks s v k9d & ! :ite be> :o mu/ want "s "o to com=t him4 ,! :ole folk-lore ( ! _w be>s witness to ?is temp]1 ev5 leav+ ,totemism out ( ! "q4 ,! ,be*uanas make excuses to ! lion be=e kill+ him1 ! ,malays to ! tig]1 ! ,r$ ,indians to ! be>--he says t 8 *ildr5 are hungry & ne$ food--w\ld ! be> k9dly n object to be kill$8 ,"s writ]s see ,totemism 9 all ?is1 & s x may be1 b !re is some?+ 9 x deep] ?an ev5 ,totemism--!re is human nature4 ,take ! rob9--has any "o said x 0 a ,totem8 ,yet ,mrs4 ,som]ville decl>$ %e w\ld z soon eat a *ild z a rob91 a ?or\ghly ,totemi/ s5tim5t4 ,a :ole body ( protective sup]/ition has cry/allis$ ar\nd c]ta9 creatures :i*1 because ( _! confid+ nature1 _! *>m+ ways1 _! welcome appe>ance at p>ticul> seasons1 inspir$ man ) an unusually /rong impulse to sp>e !m4 ,i 0 int]e/$ to f9d ! /ork z sacr$ to ! ,arabs 9 ,tunis & ,alg]ia z he is to 8 ,g]man fri5ds 9 ! ,nor?4 ,a ,fr5*man rem>k$ t 8sacr$ birds are nev] good to eat10 b he might h rememb]$ ! goose & h5 ( ! anci5t ,bretons :i* ,cs> tells u 7 kept 8= pleasure0 b nev] kill$2 n to speak ( ! pigeons ( ,mosc[ & ( ,mecca4 ,x %\ld be obs]v$ h[ quickly ! sp>$ or *]i%$ bird or bea/ becomes 8lucky40 ,9 ,g]many & ,sc&9avia x is lucky to h a /ork's ne/ on ! ro(4 ,! regim5tal goat is ! 8luck ( 8 company40 ,m4 ,s4 ,re9a*'s op9ion t 9 ,totemism is to be f\nd ! secret ( ! dome/ication ( animals (f]s an attractive solution to t great problem1 b x has n be51 nor d ,i ?9k t x w ev] be1 g5]ally accept$4 ,x1 is h[ev]1 pla91 t :]e population is sp>se1 & dogs & guns undreamt (1 wild animals w\ld be f> less wild ?an 9 c\ntries ) all ! advantages ( civilisation2 ! tam5ess ( birds on lonely isl&s :5 ! explor] fir/ makes 8 desc5t is a case 9 po9t4 ,no d\bt1 !re=e1 ) ! enc\ragem5t !y receiv$1 ! animal ,totems acquir$ a consid]able degree ( tam5ess1 b f t to dome/ication !re is a long /ep4 ,our h\sehold 8,totem10 ! rob91 is relatively tame2 he w ev5 eat crumbs on ! breakfa/-table1 b he flies away 9 spr+time & we see him no m4 ,besides be+ a social in/itution & a fri5dly bond betwe5 man & bea/1 ,totemism is an attempt to expla9 ! univ]se4 ,its spiritual vitality dep5ds on ! widely root$ belief 9 ar*etypes2 ! ?+s se5 are ! mirror ( ! ?+s unse51 ! mat]ial is unreal1 ! immat]ial ! only reality4 ,we are ourselves b cages ( immortal birds4 ,! real 8,i0 is some:]e else2 x may be 9 a fi%1 z 9 ! ,indian folk-tale1 or x may be 9 a god4 ,i d n "k1 by ! by1 if x has be5 rem>k$ t a man c be a ,totem3 ! inc>nation ( ! indwell+ race-_s4 ,! ,emp]or ( ,japan corresponds exactly to ?is description4 ,! deifi$ ,cs> 0 a ,totem4 ,a god c be a ,totem3 among ! ,hid]y 7isl&]s ( ! ,nor? ,pacific ^: int]e/+ leg5ds 7 publi%$ by ! ,*icago ,folk-lore ,association7 ! rav51 :i* is _! ,totem1 is ! manife/ation ( ! god ,ne-kil/-lass :o creat$ ! _w4 ,"h ,totemism approa*es till x t\*es ,egyptian zoomorphism4 ,0 ?is =m an e>li] or a lat] developm5t ?an t 9 :i* ! ,totem is m]ely an ance/or8 ,our inability to reply %[s our real want ( c]ta9ty z to :e!r ,totemism is a body ( belief 9 a /ate ( becom+ or 9 a /ate ( dissolution4 ,illu/ration3 ,photo3 ,egypt ,exploration ,fund4 ,,ha?or ,,c[4 ,cairo ,museum4 7,f\nd 9 #aijf by ,dr4 ,e4 ,naville at ,deir-el-bah>i47 ,we d "k t ,egyptian zoomorphism is n old1 at lea/ 9 ! exagg]at$ %ape x assum$ 9 ! wor%ip ( ! bull ,apis4 ,x is a cult :i* ow$ its success to ! animi/ic t5d5cy ( ! human m9d1 b its p>ticul> cause is to be look$ = 9 cry/allis$ figurative language4 ,! /up5d\s m>ble tombs ( ! sacr$ bulls t seem to ov]p[] u 9 ! semi-obscurity ( ! ,s]apeum rem9d "o ( h[ easy x is to draw false conclusions relative to ! pa/ if we possess only half-lights ^u x3 _h ,egyptian hi]oglyphics nev] yield$ up _! secret we might h judg$ ! fai? ( ,egypt to h be5 ! mo/ mat]ial1 in/ead ( "o ( ! mo/ spiritual ( religions4 ,9 ,egyptian 7z 9 ,assyrian7 cosmogony ! visible univ]se is ! direct creation ( ,god4 8,! god :o is imman5t 9 all ?+s is ! creator ( e animal3 "u 8 "n ( ,ram1 ( ! %eep1 ,bull1 ( ! c[s3 he loves ! scorpion 9 8 hole1 he is ! god ( ! crocodile :o plunges 9 ! wat]3 he is ! god ( ^? :o re/ 9 _! graves4 ,amon is an image1 ,atmee is an image1 ,ra is an image3 ,,he alone make? himself 9 millions ( ways40 ,amon ,ra is describ$ 9 ano!r gr& hymn z ! mak] ( ! grass = ! cattle1 ( fruitful trees = m5 yet unborn2 caus+ ! fi% to live 9 ! riv]1 ! birds to fill ! air1 giv+ brea? to ^? 9 ! egg1 giv+ food to ! bird t p]*es1 to ! creep+ ?+ & to ! fly+ ?+ alike1 provid+ food = ! rats 9 _! holes1 fe$+ ! fly+ ?+s 9 e tree4 8,hail to !e1 say all creatures4 ,hail to !e = all ^! ?+s3 ! ,"o1 ,alone ) _m h&s1 awake :ile all m5 sleep1 to seek out ! good ( all creatures1 8,amon ,su/a9] ( all60 ,?is is1 inde$1 a maje/ic psalm ( univ]sal life4 ,contr>y to :at 0 long ! impression1 ! ,:eel ( ,be+ 0 n an ,egyptian doctr9e1 b ! dead1 or r "s ( !m1 7 believ$ to h ! p[] ( trans=m+ !mselves into animals = limit$ p]iods4 ,x 0 a valu$ privilege ( ! virtu\s dead3 ! =m ( a h]on1 a hawk or a swall[ 0 a conv5i5t travell+ dress4 ,f\r-foot$ bea/s 7 res]v$ to gods4 ,!re 0 no prejudice aga9/ sport if c>ri$ on ) due reg>d to ve/$ sacr$ rights4 ,! fir/ hunt+-dog ^: "n we "k 0 ,behkaa1 :o 0 buri$ ) 8 ma/]1 8 "n be+ inscrib$ ov] 8 picture on ! tomb4 ,! injury ( animals sacr$ to ! gods 01 ( c\rse1 a grave s94 ,among ! prote/s ( innoc5ce ( a dep>t+ s\l we read3 8,i h n clipp$ ! sk9s ( ! sacr$ bea/s2 ,i h n hunt$ wild animals 9 _! pa/urages2 ,i h n nett$ ! sacr$ birds2 ,i h n turn$ away ! cattle ( ! gods2 ,i h n /ood betwe5 a god & 8 manife/ation40 ,! ,egyptian m9d1 :i* 0 ess5tially religi\s1 saw ! 8god :o is imman5t 9 all ?+s0 yet /&+ outside ^! ?+s to su/a9 !m ) a guid+ provid5ce2 ! highly tra9$ ,*9ese m9d1 ) its philosophic tr5d1 saw ! div9e indivisible intellig5ce )\t volition illum9at+ all t liv$3 8,! m9d ( man & ! m9d ( trees1 birds & bea/s1 is j ! "o m9d ( heav5 & e>?1 only bright] or dull] by reflection3 z light looks bright] :5 x falls on a mirror ?an :5 x falls on a d>k surface1 s div9e reason is less bright 9 c[ or %eep ?an 9 man40 ,?is f9e def9ition 0 giv5 by ,*oo-,foo-,tsze1 ! great expon5t ( ,confucianism1 :o1 :5 he 0 f\r ye>s old1 surpris$ 8 fa!r by ask+1 on be+ told t ! sky 0 heav51 8,:at is above x80 ,*oo-,foo-,tsze 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury anticipat$ "s mod]n conclusions ( geology by rem>k+ t s9ce sea %ells 7 f\nd on l(ty m\nta9s z if g5]at$ 9 ! middle ( /ones1 x 0 pla9 8t :at 0 bel[ became lift$ up1 :at 0 s(t became h>d02 x 0 a deep subject1 he said1 & ought to be inve/igat$4 ,long be=e ! ,nolan1 ,confucius _h conceiv$ ! idea ( ! great ,monad3 8"o ,god :o conta9s & compreh5ds ! :ole _w40 ,x 0 an idea entirely incompreh5sible to all b a few educat$ m5 9 any age4 ,confucianism1 ,buddhism & ,taoism left ! ,*9ese masses :at !y f\nd !m--a p ^: folk-lore 0 _! religion4 ,7 !y ask$ to believe 9 ! ,:eel ( ,be+8 ,!y made t folk-lore too4 ,dr4 ,giles tells ! folk-tale ( a c]ta9 g5tleman :o1 hav+ tak5 a v high degree1 enjoy$ ! privilege 7:i* is admitt$ to be uncommon7 ( recollect+ :at happ5$ betwe5 8 la/ dea? & bir?4 ,aft] he di$1 he 0 cit$ be=e a ,judge ( ,purgatory & 8 att5tion 0 attract$ by a quantity ( sk9s ( %eep1 dogs1 ox51 horses1 :i* 7 hang+ 9 a r[4 ,^! 7 wait+ = ! s\ls :i* might be condemn$ to we> !m2 :5 "o 0 want$1 x 0 tak5 d[n & ! man's own sk9 0 /ripp$ (f & ! o!r put on4 ,?is g5tleman 0 condemn$ to be a %eep2 ! att5dant demons help$ him on ) 8 %eep-sk9 :5 ! ,record+ ,(fic] sudd5ly m5tion$ t he _h once sav$ a man's life4 ,! ,judge1 aft] look+ at 8 books1 rul$ t su* an act balanc$ all 8 misdo+s3 !n ! demons set to "w to pull (f ! %eep-sk9 bit by bit1 :i* gave ! poor g5tleman dreadful pa91 b at la/ x 0 all got (f except "o little piece :i* 0 /ill /ick+ to him :5 he 0 born aga9 z a man4 ,?is /ory is amus+ z %[+ :at a my/ical doctr9e may come to :5 x gets into ! h&s ( ! ?or\ghgo+ reali/4 ,= ! ,*9ese peasant ! sup]natural has no my/]y4 ,to him x is a m]e matt] ( ord9>y k t bea/s1 birds1 fi%es & insects n only h gho/s b also gho/s ( gho/s--= ! fir/ gho/ is liable to die4 ,if any ( ^! creatures d n de/roy life 9 ?ree exi/5ces1 !y may be born z m5--a belief no d\bt due to ! ,buddhi/s1 :o 9 ,*9a seem to h conc5trat$ all _! en]gies on humanit>ian propag&a & let metaphysics alone4 ,taoism has be5 call$ an 8organis$ animism40 ,organis$ or unorganis$1 animism is /ill ! popul> fai? ( ,*9a4 ,x is too conv5i5t to lightly ab&on1 = x expla9s ev]y?+4 ,= in/ance1 :atev] is odd1 unexpect$1 v lucky1 v unlucky1 c be made z pla9 z day by m5tion+ ! ^w 8fox40 ,any "o may be a fox )\t y\r kn[+ x3 ! fox is a j9nee1 an elf :o c "w good or h>m to man2 :o c see ! future1 get possession ( ?+s at a di/ance1 & g5]ally outmat* ! be/ spirituali/ m$ium4 ,9 ,*9ese folk-lore ! fox has1 z x 71 made a monopoly ( ! _w-wide notion t animals h a m intimate k ( ! sup]natural ?an m54 ,soo?say]s are ?\ght to be foxes because !y "k :at is go+ to happ54 ,man's speculations ab\t himself & ! univ]se arrange !mselves "u ?ree heads3 ^? :i* h n yet become a sy/em1 ^? :i* are a sy/em1 ^? :i* are ! rema9s ( a sy/em4 ,x is impossible t any set ( ideas began by be+ a sy/em unless x 7 reveal$ by an angel f heav54 ,b no soon] d ideas become sy/ematic ?an !y pass into ! /age ( dogma :i* is accept$ n discuss$4 ,ev]y?+ is made to fit 9 ) !m4 ,?us to f9d ! free play ( ! human m9d "o mu/ seek x :]e !re are ! fewe/ =mul1 writt5 or unwritt51 = tradition is z b9d+ z any cre$ or code4 ,!re are savage races :i*1 if !y ev] _h ,totemism1 h pres]v$ few if any traces ( x4 ,to take !m "o by "o & inquire into _! views on animals w\ld be well wor? do+1 b x is beyond my mode/ scope4 ,i w say ?is1 h[ev]--%[ me a savage :o has n "s humane & fri5dly ideas ab\t animals6 ,! impulse to confess bro!rhood ) man's poor relations is ev]y:]e ! same3 ! excuses or reasons giv5 = x v>y a little4 ,! animal to be k9dly treat$ is ! sanctu>y ( a god1 ! inc>nation ( a tribe1 or simply ! %elt] ( a poor w&]+ gho/4 ,! ,amazulu1 "o ( ! f9e/ ( savage races1 believe t "s snakes are ,amatongo--"s1 n all4 ,9 fact1 ^! snakes :i* are dead m5 are r r>e4 ,"o k9d is black & ano!r gre54 ,an ,itongo does n come into ! h\se by ! door1 nor does x eat frogs or mice4 ,x does n run away l o!r snakes4 ,"s say1 8,let x be kill$40 ,o!rs int]f]e1 8,:at1 kill a man80 ,if a man die :o _h a sc> & y see a snake ) a sc>1 t5 to "o x is t man4 ,!n1 at night1 ! village *ief dreams & ! dead man speaks to him4 8,d y n[ wi% to kill me8 ,d y already =get me8 ,i ?\ght ,i w\ld come & ask y = food1 & d y kill me80 ,!n he tells him 8 "n4 ,)\t any tea*+1 )\t any sy/em1 ! savage ?9ks t ! appe>ances :i* /& be=e him 9 sleep are real4 ,if !y are n real1 :at are !y8 ,! savage may n be a reasonable be+1 b he is a be+ :o reasons4 ,9 ! morn+ ! village *ief tells 8 dream & ord]s a s9-(f]+ to ! ,itongo 7gho/7 le/ he be angry & kill !m4 ,a bullock or a goat is sacrific$ & !y eat ! fle%4 ,aft]w>ds !y look ev]y:]e = ! snake1 b x has vani%$4 ,a snake t =ces its way rapidly into a h\se is kn[n to be a li> & he is a li> /ill4 ,d !y turn him out ( doors ) a lecture on ! beauty ( v]acity8 ,f> f t4 8,!y sacrifice some?+ to su* an ,itongo40 ,a few m5 turn into poison\s snakes1 b ?is is by no means common4 ,if (f5d$1 ! ,amatongo cause mis=tune1 b ev5 if pleas$ !y d n seem to conf] _m b5efits2 p]haps !y _c1 = surely x is easi] to d evil ?an good4 ,once1 h[ev]1 a snake :i* 0 really ! _s ( a *ief1 plac$ its m\? on a sore :i* a *ild _h2 ! "m 0 9 a great fright1 b happily %e did n int]f]e & ! snake heal$ ! sore & w5t sil5tly away4 ,illu/ration3 ,photo3 ,mansell4 ,,wild ,,goats ,,& ,,"y4 ,briti% ,museum4 7,assyrian ,relief47 ,o!r animals are sometimes human be+s z well z snakes4 ,! liz>d is (t5 ! ,itongo ( an old woman4 ,a boy kill$ "s liz>ds 9 a cattle-p5 ) /ones4 ,!n he w5t & told 8 gr&mo!r1 :o said he _h done v wrong--^? liz>ds 7 *iefs ( ! village & %\ld h be5 wor%ipp$4 ,i ?9k ! gr&mo!r 0 a humane old p]son2 ,i ev5 suspect t %e said ! liz>ds 7 *iefs & n old wom5 to make ! admonition m awful4 ,! man :o told ?is /ory to ,canon ,callaway 7f ^: valuable "w on ! ,amazulu ,i take ^! notes7 add$ t1 look+ back to ! incid5t1 he d\bt$ if ! liz>ds 7 ,amatongo aft] all1 because no h>m came ( _! murd]4 ,he ?\ght t !y mu/ h be5 m]ely wild animals :i* _h become tame ow+ to p mi/ak5ly ?9k+ t !y 7 ,amatongo4 ,:at c "o say to boys :o ill-treat liz>ds8 ,i own t ,i h ?reat5$ !m ) gho/ly treatm5t ( ! same sort4 ,i ev5 tri$ ! sup]natural argum5t ) a little ,arab boy1 o!rwise a nice intellig5t *ild1 :o 0 ?r[+ /ones at a liz>d :i* 0 mov+ at ! bottom ( ! deep ,roman well at ,el ,djem3 ,i did n "k !n t ! p]secution ( liz>ds 9 ,moslem l&s is suppos$ 7,i hope errone\sly7 to h be5 ord]$ by ,mohamm$ 8because ! liz>d mimics ! attitude ( ! ,fai?ful at pray]40 ,! liz>d1 "o ( ! mo/ w9some ( ,god's creatures1 has suff]$ g5]ally f ! prejudice :i* made reptile a ^w ( reproa*4 ,x is ! m wor?y ( rem>k1 !re=e1 t 9 a place :]e "o w\ld h>dly expect x1 protective sup]/ition has done its "w ( rescue3 ,sicilian *ildr5 cat* liz>ds1 b let !m g unhurt to int]c$e = !m be=e ! ,"l1 z ! liz>d is held to be 89 ! pres5ce ( ! ,"l 9 heav540 ,"o wond]s if ?is is "s di/ant e*o ( ! text ab\t ! angels ( ! *ildr5 7_! ar*etypes7 :o always see ,god4 ,n always 7 reptiles scorn$1 b1 possibly1 !y 7 always fe>$4 ,man's fir/ idea is to wor%ip :at he fe>s2 8 second idea1 :i* may n come = _m ?\s& ye>s1 is to ?r[ a /one at x4 ,! /one1 besides repres5t+ physical fe>1 at a giv5 mom5t also repres5ts religi\s reprobation ( :at _h be5 an object ( wor%ip 9 a =sak5 fai?4 ,primitive man took ! int]e/ ( a wond]+ *ild 9 ! great ,saurian tribe4 ,h[ did he "k t !y flew1 t !re 7 8dragons0 on ! e>?8 ,h[ did he "k t ! snake once _h legs8--= if ! snake ( ,ed5 0 ord]$ to g on its belly1 ! inf]5ce seems to be t he 0 ?\ght once to h mov$ 9 ano!r way4 ,! snake has lo/ 8 legs & ! liz>d 8 w+s1 & h[ ! anci5t popul> imag9ation ( ! _w made su* accurate guesses ab\t !m mu/ be left a riddle1 unless we admit t x 0 guid$ by ! fossil rema9s ( ext9ct mon/]s4 ,! s]p5t ( ! ,biblical /ory 01 says ,dr4 ,h4 ,p4 ,smi?1 8simply a j9nee--a fairy if y w--possess$ ( m k ?an ! o!r animals1 b o!rwise l !m40 ,"h1 aga91 we meet 9 ! mo/ v5]able =m1 ! belief t animals "k m ?an m54 ,c we resi/ ! conclusion t to p con/antly incl9$ t[>ds magic l ! old-_w ,jews1 x mu/ h appe>$ t ,eve 0 dabbl+ 9 magic--by e rule ( anci5t religion1 ! s9 ( s9s8 ,! cult ( ! s]p5t 9 its _m bran*es is ! greate/ ( animal cults1 & x is ! "o 9 :i* we see mo/ cle>ly ! process by :i* man f be+ an impressioni/ became a symboli/1 & f be+ a symboli/ became a vot>y4 ,we h only to read ! ,indian /ati/ics ( ! numb] ( p]sons annually kill$ by snake-bite to be p]suad$ t fe> mu/ h be5 ! orig9al feel+ ) :i* man reg>d$ ! snake4 ,fe> is a religi\s feel+ 9 primitive man1 b o!r religi\s feel+s 7 add$ to x--admiration1 = ! snake1 z all :o h _h ! good luck to obs]ve x 9 its wild /ate mu/ agree1 is a beautiful1 graceful1 & ins9uat+ creature2 a s5se ( my/]y1 a s5se ( fasc9ation :i* comes f ^? ke5 eyes fix$ fe>lessly ^u y\rs1 ! simple secret1 p]haps1 ( ! mu* discuss$ p[] ( snakes to fasc9ate _! prey4 ,:at wond] if man "u ! influ5ce ( ^! comb9$ impressions1 symbolis$ 9 ! s]p5t a div9e =ce :i* c\ld be made propiti\s by wor%ip6 ,9 ! =m+ ( cults !re has always be5 ?is unconsci\s passage f impressions to symbols1 f symbols to 8manife/ations40 ,b !re has be5 also ! consci\s use ( symbols by ! prie/s & sages ( anci5t religions1 9 imp>t+ z mu* ( div9e k to ! un9itiat$ z !y ?\ght t ! un9itiat$ c\ld be>4 ,! orig9 ( s]p5t wor%ip has a probable relation%ip ) ?is consci\s use ( symbols z well z ) _! unconsci\s gr[?4 ,besides ! prejudice aga9/ reptiles1 mod]n popul> sup]/ition has plac$ sev]al animals "u a ban1 & especially ! h>mless bat & ! useful b>n owl4 ,traditional reasons exi/1 no d\bt1 9 e case2 b /rong] ?an ^! are ! associations ( su* creatures ) ! d>k 9 :i* ! sane man ( a c]ta9 temp]am5t becomes a p>tial lunatic2 a prey to unreal t]rors :i* ! flap ( a bat's w+ or ! scree* ( an owl is en\gh to "w up to ! po9t ( fr5zy4 ,x is a mo/ un=tunate ?+ = an animal if x be ! innoc5t cause ( a frisson1 a feel+ ( uncanny dread4 ,! little ,italian owl1 not)/&+ t x too comes out at dusk1 has escap$ prejudice4 ,?is 0 ! owl ( ,pallas ,a!ne & ( an e>li] cult4 ,z 9 ! case ( ! s]p5t1 its wiles to fasc9ate its prey 7 ! gr\ndwork ( its reputation = wisdom4 ,( ?is !re _c be1 ,i ?9k1 any d\bt1 ?\gh ! droll bobs & curtesies :i* excite an irresi/ible & fatal curiosity 9 small birds1 h sugge/$ 9 ! m9d ( ! mod]n man a ?+ s exce$+ly f> f wisdom z civett]ia1 :i* ^w is d]iv$ f civetta--8! owl ( ,m9]va0 z ,italian class-books say4 ,! desc5t f ! goddess ( wisdom to ! coquette is ! cruelle/ decad5ce ( all6 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,vi ,,! ,,fai? ,,( ,,iran ,,! ,zoroa/rian !ory ( animals _c be sev]$ f ! religi\s s*eme ) :i* x is b\nd up4 ,x is n a side-issue1 b an integral "p ( ! :ole4 ,x w\ld be useless to attempt to treat x )\t recall+ ! ma9 features 9 ! developm5t ( ! fai? out ( :i* x grew4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 :o 7 ! p1 occupy+ :at we call ,p]sia1 to :om ! ,sage1 :o 0 n "o ( !m1 br\ght 8 int]pretation ( ! k ( good & evil8 ,! e>ly ,iranians mu/ h brok5 (f f ! unit$ body ( ! ,aryans at a "t :5 !y spoke a common language1 :i* ?\gh n ,sanscrit1 0 v l x4 ,! aff9ities betwe5 ,sanscrit & ! dialect call$ ) irrem$iable inaccuracy 8,z5d0 are ( ! /ronge/4 ,f ?is we conclude t1 on _! e/abli%m5t 9 _! new home1 ! ,iranians diff]$ little f ! race ( ^: cu/oms ! ,rig-,v$a gives--n a full picture--b a fai?ful outl9e4 ,pa/oral folk1 devot$ to _! flocks & h]ds1 b n unle>n$ 9 ! cultivation ( ! e>? & ! s[+ ( gra91 !y _h rea*$ :at may be call$ ! highe/ /age ( primitive civilisation4 ,?\gh milk1 butt] & cook$ corn =m$ _! pr9cipal food1 on fea/ days !y also ate meat1 *iefly ! fle% ( ox5 & buffaloes1 :i* !y 7 c>eful to cook ?or\ghly4 ,! progressive ,aryans1 :o call$ half-raw meat by a t]m exactly correspond+ to ! too famili> 8rosbif saignant10 d5\nc$ ! m savage peoples :o consum$ x z 8wild m50 or 8demons40 ,!y kept horses1 asses & mules2 horses 7 sacrific$ occasionally2 = in/ance1 k+s sacrific$ a horse to obta9 male issue4 ,! wild bo> 0 hunt$1 if n 9 ! e>lie/1 at lea/ 9 v e>ly times4 ,! dog 0 priz$ = its fidelity z gu>dian ( ! h\se & flocks1 b !re is no trace ( its hav+ be5 protect$ by extraord9>y regulations su* z ^? :i* lat] came into =ce 9 ,iran4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! "n ( dog _h nev] yet be5 us$ 9 reproa*4 ,x seems to h be5 among ,semitic races t ! contempt = man's be/ fri5d arose1 b x is morally c]ta9 t x arose n[h]e till dogs became scav5g]s ( cities4 ,x 0 ! homeless p>iah cur t gave ! dog ! bad "n f :i* h sprung s _m ugly words regi/]$ 9 mod]n vocabul>ies4 ,ev5 n[1 :5 ,jew or ,moslem uses 8dog0 9 a bad s5se1 he means 8cur02 he kn[s q well ! o!r k9d ( dog--he kn[s ,tobit's dog1 :i*1 b\nd+ on be=e ! "y man & ! angel1 told ! glad tid+s ( 8 ma/]'s return2 ,tobit's dog :i* 0 "o ( ! animals admitt$ by ,mohamm$ into highe/ heav54 ,b 8p>iah dog0 became synonym\s ( p>iah1 & not)/&+ ! pres5t t5d5cy to attribute ! opprobrium ( ! pig to orig9al sanctity 7& consequ5t res]vation71 ,i am incl9$ to ?9k t ! pig likewise came to be scorn$ because he 0 a scav5g]4 ,9 "s ,indian cities h]ds ( wild pigs /ill ent] ! gates j be=e !y are clos$ at dusk1 to pass out ( !m z soon z !y are op5$ 9 ! morn+3 dur+ ! night !y d _! "w excell5tly1 & by day !y take a well-e>n$ sleep 9 ! jungle4 ,!y des]ve gratitude1 = !y keep ! cities free f disease1 b1 l o!r public s]vants1 !y sc>cely get x4 ,9 ,v$ic times e home _h its wat*-dog1 ^: w>n+ b>k 0 z unwelcome to lov]s z x 0 to robb]s4 ,! ,rig-,v$a pres]ves ! pray] ( a "y girl :o asks t h] fa!r1 h] "m1 h] gr&fa!r1 & ! wat*-dog may sleep s\ndly :ile %e meets h] expect$ lov]3 a *>m+ glimpse ( ! *a/e fre$om ( e>ly ,aryan mann]s4 ,! newly-w$d$ wife ent]s h] husb&'s h\se z mi/ress1 n z slave2 ! eld]s say to ! "y c\ple3 8,y are ma/] & mi/ress ( ?is h\se2 ?\gh !re be fa!r-9-law & "m-9-law1 !y are plac$ "u y40 ,if t 0 n q :at happ5$1 yet ! pr9ciple 0 grant$1 & !re is mu* 9 t4 ,! bride rode to h] new home 9 a c> drawn by f\r milk-:ite ox52 :5 %e alight$ at ! ?re%old1 ^! gold5 words 7 spok5 to h]3 8,make ?yself lov$ = ! sake ( ! *ildr5 t w come to !e2 gu>d ?is h\se1 be z "o ) ?y husb&2 may y gr[ old "h toge!r4 ,ca/ no evil looks1 hate n ?y sp\se1 be g5tle 9 ?\ght & de$ ev5 to ! animals ( ?is home40 ,bride & bridegroom are exhort$ to be ( "o he>t1 ( "o m9d1 8to love ea* o!r z a c[ loves h] calf10 a simple & true metaphor full ( ! c\ntry-side1 full ( ! y\? ( ! _w4 ,if ^! 7 ! cu/oms & ?is 0 ! life :i* ! ,iranians may be suppos$ to h tak5 ) !m1 :at 0 ! religion8 ,! e>ly ,aryans _h a ,nature-cult m spiritualis$ "u ! =m ( ,v>una & m mat]ialis$ "u ! =m ( ,indra4 ,"s /ud5ts ( ! ,ave/a h ?\ght t "h c\ld be f\nd ! elem5ts ( ! ,dualism :i* =m$ ! ess5tial doctr9e ( ,mazdaism4 ,b x is almo/ c]ta9 t no real ,dualism exi/$ 9 olde/ ,iran4 ,! ,ave/a once contra/s ! wor%ipp]s ( ,god ) ! wor%ipp]s ( ,daevas1 ( ^? :o bre$ ! c[ & h ! c>e ( x ) ^? :o ill-treat x & slaught] x at _! sacrifices4 ,b ,indra-wor%ip has no connexion ) devil-wor%ip1 nor does ?is or simil> texts prove t devil-wor%ip1 prop]ly s call$1 ev] fl\ri%$ 9 ,iran4 ,o!r religi\s re=m]s ?an ,zoroa/] h nam$ ! devotees ( =m] religions 8devil-wor%ipp]s40 ,= ! re/1 !re is reason to ?9k t 9 ! ,ave/a ! t]m 0 appli$ to ,turanian raid]s1 n to true ,iranians4 ,illu/ration3 ,photo3 ,mansell4 ,,assyrian ,,god ,,c>ry+ ,,antelope ,,& ,,:eat-,,e>4 ,briti% ,museum4 ,9 an ,assyrian inscription1 ,ahura ,mazda is said to h creat$ joy = all creatures3 a belief :i* ,mazdean ,dualism impugns4 ,s f> z c be guess$1 ! e>lie/ ,iranian fai? 0 ! wor%ip ( good spirits--( a ,good ,_s4 ,less pure extra-beliefs may1 or r mu/1 h exi/$ contemporane\sly1 b !y rema9$ 9 ! second rank4 ,! cult ( good spirits 0 ! home-cult ( %eph]d & h]dsman (f]$ to ! g5ii ( _! flocks & h]ds4 ,:ile ^! g5ii answ]$ ! purpose ( ! l>es or little sa9ts ev]y:]e de> to humble he>ts1 x is probable t 9 "* !y already resembl$ ! ,frava%is or ar*etypes t 7 to play s great a "p 9 ,mazdean doctr9e4 ,! cult ( ! ,good ,_s1 ! national & k+ly cult1 0 ! wor%ip ( "o ,god ^: mo/ wor?y symbol1 be=e ,zoroa/] z aft]1 0 ! sun & ^: sacram5t ) m5 0 fire4 ,! e>ly ,iranian _h no temple1 no alt>3 he w5t up into a high place & (f]$ 8 pray] & sacrifice )\t prie/ or pomp4 ,if we wi% to trace 8 fai? back to an ,indian s\rce1 in/ead ( br++ on ! sc5e ,v>una & ,indra1 x w be bett] to inquire :e!r !re 7 elem5ts ( ! same fai? und]ly+ ! unwieldy fabric ( ,v$ic religion4 ,! answ] is1 t !re 74 ,! gr&e/ text 9 ! ,rig-,v$a1 ! "o text recognis$ f f>!/ antiquity z ( incalculable value1 is ! old ,p]sian religion conta9$ 9 a =mula3 8,t ,sun's supremacy--,god--let u adore ,:i* may well direct40 8,enable ) p]petual light1 ,! dulness ( our bl9d$ sight40 ,s great a virtue 0 attribut$ to ! ,gayatri t ! m9d :i* ?\ght x 0 suppos$ to unite ) ! object ( ?\ght3 ! eyes ( ! s\l look$ on ,tru?1 ( :i* all else is b ! %ad[4 ,?is is ! _s 9 :i* x is /ill repeat$ e day by e ,h9du4 ,! sacrosanct words 7 8,vi%nu1 ,brahma1 & ,%iva10 or1 yet m (t51 !y are describ$ z 8! "m ( ! ,v$as10 :i*1 if x means any?+1 means t !y are old] ?an ! ,v$as4 ,! po9t mo/ to be notic$ ab\t ! ,gayatri is t its importance _c be set aside by say+ t ?is text is to be expla9$ by ,h5o!ism3 ! habit ( ref]r+ to ea* god imm$iately address$ z supreme4 ,nor 0 ! text select$ arbitr>ily by ,we/]n mono!i/s3 = ?\s&s ( ye>s be=e any ,european knew x1 ! natives ( ,india _h s+l$ x out z ! mo/ solemn affirmation ( man's belief 9 ! ,unse54 ,x is op5 to argum5t1 ?\gh n to pro(1 t ! ,gayatri cry/allises a cre$ :i* ! ,iranians took ) !m 9 _! migration4 ,peoples !n mov$ 9 clans1 n 9 a motley cr[d ga!r$ on an emigrant /eam]4 ,! clan or clans to :i* ! ,iranians belong$ may h clung to a primordial fai?1 n yet ov]laid by my?s :i* mat]ialis$ symbols & my/]ies :i* made tru? a secret4 ,su* speculations are guess-"w1 b t ! primitive religion ( ,p]sia 0 ess5tially mono!i/ic is an op9ion :i* is likely to survive all attacks ^u x4 ,on less sure gr\nds /&s ! id5tification ( t primitive religion ) ,zoroa/rianism4 ,! great au?orities ( a =m] g5]ation1 & among/ !m my di/+ui%$ old fri5d1 ,pr(essor ,jules ,opp]t1 believ$ t ,cyrus 0 a ,mazdean4 ,b !re is a good deal to support ! view t ,zoroa/rianism did n become ! ,/ate religion till ! "t ( ! ,ssnians1 :o1 z a new dyna/y1 grasp$ ! political importance ( hav+ "u !m a /rong & organis$ prie/hood4 ,be=e t "t ! ,magians seem to h be5 r a sort ( ,salvation ,army or ,society ( ,jesus ?an ! directors ( a national ,*ur*4 ,z late z ! reign ( ,d>ius ! ,p]sians frequ5tly buri$ _! dead1 a practice utt]ly repugnant to ! ,mazdean4 ,aga91 f ,greek s\rces we "k t ! ,p]sian k+s sacrific$ hecatombs ( animals2 ?\s&s ( ox51 asses1 /ags1 c41 7 immolat$ e day4 ,d>ius ord]$ "o hundr$ bullocks1 two hundr$ rams1 f\r hundr$ lambs to be giv5 to ! ,jews on ! d$ication ( ! new ,temple 7z well z twelve he-goats z s9-(f]+s = ! twelve tribes7 s t !y might (f] 8sacrifices ( sweet sav\rs unto ! ,god ( heav5 & pray = ! life ( ! k+ & 8 sons40 ,evid5tly ,d>ius consid]$ pr(use animal sacrifices z a natural "p ( any great religi\s c]emony4 ,c x be suppos$ t su* slaught] w\ld h pleas$ a /rict ,zoroa/rian8 ,! ,mazdeans reta9$ ! sacrifice ( fle% z food3 a small piece ( ! cook$ meat eat5 at table 0 includ$ 9 ! daily (f]+ ) bread1 gra91 fruits & ! ,homa juice1 :i* 0 fir/ drunk by ! (ficiat+ prie/1 !n by ! wor%ipp]s1 & f9ally ?r[n on ! sacr$ fire4 ,! small meat-(f]+ 0 n animal sacrifice or any?+ at all l x4 ,! ,p>sis sub/itute milk ev5 = ?is small piece ( meat1 p]haps because ! meat 0 usually beef1 :i* w\ld h caus$ (f5ce to _! ,h9du fell[-citiz5s4 ,i ask$ a ,p>si ,high ,prie/ :o lun*$ ) me at ,basle dur+ ! second ,congress = ! ,hi/ory ( ,religions1 :at vi&s 7 es*ew$ by 8 community8 ,he repli$ t !y avoid$ bo? beef & ! fle% ( sw9e1 b only out ( respect = _! neighb\rs' rules3 to !m oil alone 0 =bidd5--probably because ( its virtue z a light-giv]4 ,9 ! ,zoroa/rian sacrifice x 0 nev] lo/ sight ( t ! outw>d act 0 b "o ( piety & ob$i5ce2 ! true sacrifice 0 ( ! he>t3 8,i (f] good ?\ghts1 good words1 good de$s40 ,x is h>dly ne$ful to say t ! ,mi?raic taurobolium 0 9 %e] contradiction to ,mazdean law4 ,h]etical sects 7 ! bane ( ,zoroa/rianism1 & ) "o ( ^! sprang up ! /range practices :i* ! ,romans br\ght into ,europe4 ,possibly its orig9 %\ld be s\ght 9 "s infiltration f ! ,we/1 = x is m sugge/ive ( ,orphic rites ?an ( any =m ( ,ea/]n c]emonies4 ,a ,*ri/ian writ] ( ! "n ( ,socrates1 :o liv$ 9 ! fif? c5tury1 said t at ,alex&ria1 9 a cav]n consecrat$ to ,mi?ra1 human skulls & bones 7 f\nd1 ! inf]5ce be+ t human sacrifice 0 ! real rite1 symbolis$ by ! slay+ ( ! bull4 ,! s\rce ( ?is in=mation is suspect1 b ev5 if n guilty ( su* excesses1 ! ,mi?ra-wor%ipp]s ( ,we/]n ,p]sia mu/ h be5 rank corrupt]s ( ! fai?4 ,9 ! ,ave/a1 ,mi?ra is ! lum9\s !r2 sometimes he appe>s z an int]cessor2 sometimes he disp5ses ! m]cy or wields ! v5geance ( ,god4 ,b 9 reality he is an attribute1 ab\t ! nature ( :i* memb]s ( ! fai? _h less excuse = mak+ mi/akes ?an we h4 ,x is difficult = ! ,indian or ,japanese n to make analog\s mi/akes conc]n+ "s =ms ( wor%ip 9 ,s\!rn ,europe4 ,9 ,old ,iran ! ,sacr$ ,fire 0 kept p]petually alight4 ,sweet p]fumes 7 spread ar\nd ! place ( pray]1 = :i* a little em95ce 0 *os51 b !re 7 no images & no temples4 ,ar*ologi/s h fail$ to f9d traces ( a build+ set ap>t = religi\s wor%ip among ! spl5did ru9s ( ,p]sepolis3 ! 8=ty t[]s0 only tell ( ! pleasure-palace ( an ,ea/]n k+4 ,0 x t ! pr(\nd spirituality ( ?is p %rank n only f c>v+ a grav5 image ( ! deity1 b also f giv+ him a h\se made ) h&s8 ,:at c\ld ! mak] ( ! firmam5t want ) human fanes8 ,"s su* ?\ght may h caus$ ! ,iranians to suppress = s long a "t ! in/9ct :i* impels man to build temples4 ,9 any case1 x seems z if ,cyrus & aft] him ,d>ius ?rew !mselves into ! s*eme = rebuild+ ! ,hebrew temple ) all ! m en?usiasm f ! fact t immemorial cu/om held !m back f temple-build+ at home4 ,! cunei=m inscriptions be> witness t ^! k+s 7 mono!i/s3 !y believ$ 9 "o sole creator ( heav5 & e>?1 by ^: w k+s reign & gov]n1 & if !y invok$ ! aid ( heav5ly hi]>*s !y nev] confus$ ! creatures1 h[ev] p[]ful1 ) ! creator4 ,t ,creator !y call$ by ! "n ( ,ahura ,mazda1 b !y recognis$ t he 0 "o1 :atev] ! "n might be by :i* he 0 call$4 8,?us sai? ,cyrus1 k+ ( ,p]sia3 ! ,"l ,god ( ,heav5 ha? giv5 me all ! k+doms ( ! e>?1 & ,he ha? *>g$ me to build ,him a h\se at ,j]usalem1 :i* is ,judah40 ,9 ! uncanonical ,book ( ,esdras1 x is said m significantly t ,k+ ,cyrus 8comm&$ to h ! h\se ( ! ,"l 9 ,j]usalem built :]e !y %\ld wor%ip ) et]nal fire40 ,! rec5tly deciph]$ ,babylonian inscriptions h be5 br\ght =w>d to %[ t ! ,jews 7 mi/ak5 9 ?9k+ t ,cyrus 0 a mono!i/1 because he hon\r$ ,m]oda* 9 ,babylon j z he _h hon\r$ ,jehovah at ,j]usalem4 ,he 01 x is said1 a 8poly!i/ at he>t40 ,if he 01 8 hon\r+ ,m]oda* does n prove x4 ,to my m9d x proves exactly ! rev]se4 ,cyrus und]/ood ! mono!ism :i* 0 at ! bottom ( ! ,babylonian religi\s sy/em & :i* ^! v tablets h reveal$ to mod]n s*ol>%ip4 ,he und]/ood t 8h[ev] num]\s & div]sifi$ ! nations ( ! e>? may be1 ! ,god :o reigns ov] !m all c nev] be m ?an "o40#b ,footnote #b3 ,words writt5 by a ,japanese re=m] nam$ ,okubo ab\t fifty ye>s ago4 ,he 0 gov]n$ by exp$i5cy 9 8 respect = ! fai?s ( 8 subject peoples1 b he 0 gov]n$ also by some?+ high] ?an exp$i5cy4 ,t ,d>ius ,hy/aspis1 :o is all[$ to h be5 a mono!i/1 cont9u$ 8 policy1 %[s t x 0 n ?\ght to involve disloyalty to ,ahura ,mazda s9ce ( su* disloyalty ,d>ius w\ld h be5 incapable4 ,if we grant t ! ,iranians 71 9 ! ma91 mono!i/ic at a date :5 n m ?an a "p ( ! population pr(ess$ ,zoroa/rianism1 ! "q foll[s1 ( :at 0 ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! re=m$ & ! unre=m$ religion8 ,to answ] ?is satisfactorily1 we mu/ rememb] t ! p>am\nt object ( ,zoroa/] 0 less *ange ?an cons]vation4 ,l ,moses :om an attractive if n well-f\nd$ !ory makes 8 contempor>y1 he saw ar\nd a _w full ( idolatry1 & he fe>$ le/ ! pur] fai? ( ,iran %\ld be swamp$ by ! encroa*m5ts ( poly!ism & a!ism 7=1 /rangely en\gh1 ! ,ave/a ab\nds 9 ref]5ces to %e] negation74 ,! aim ( e doctr9e or practice :i* he introduc$ 0 to revivify1 to r5d] m compreh5sible1 m consi/5t1 ! old mono!i/ic fai?4 ,) reg>d to practice1 ! mo/ rem>kable innovation 0 t :i* conc]n$ ! disposal ( ! dead4 ,x _c be expla9$ z a relic ( b>b>ism3 x 0 introduc$ ) delib]ation & ) ! k t x w\ld %ock human s5sibility !n1 j z mu* z x does n[4 ,! av[$ reason = giv+ ! dead to vultures or animals is t burial defiles ! e>?4 ,x 0 recognis$ t ?is argum5t 0 op5 to ! objection t birds or bea/s 7 likely to drop portions ( dead bodies on ! e>?4 ,! objection 0 met ) s*ola/ic res\rcefulness n to say casui/ry3 x 0 decl>$ t 8accid5ts0 d n c\nt4 ,?\gh s /rongly insi/$ on 9 ! ,ave/a1 ! practice only became g5]al at a late p]iod3 ev5 aft] ,mazdeism _h made headway1 bodies 7 (t5 envelop$ 9 wax to avoid defilem5t ( ! e>? :ile evad+ ! prescrib$ rite4 ,cremation1 ! natural alt]native to burial1 w\ld h pollut$ ! sacr$ fire4 ,x 0 obs]v$1 no d\bt1 t ! consumption ( ! dead by liv+ animals 0 ! means employ$ by ,nature = dispos+ ( ! dead4 ,:y d we s r>ely see a dead bird or h>e or rabbit or squirrel8 ,! fact is n my/]i\s :5 we come to look into x4 ,x may h be5 ?\ght t :at ,nature does mu/ be well done4 ,! ,p>sis !mselves seem to suppose t ?is & o!r prescriptions ( _! religi\s law 7 inspir$ by sanit>y consid]ations1 & !y attribute to !m _! comp>ative immunity f plague dur+ ! rec5t epidemics at ,bombay4 ,defilem5t ( wat] by ?r[+ any impurity into riv]s is z sev]ely =bidd5 z ! defilem5t ( ! e>?4 ,possibly ano!r reason aga9/ burial 0 ! desire to prev5t any?+ l ! mat]ial cult ( ! dead & ! association ( ! =tunes ( ! immortal s\l ) ^? ( ! mortal body1 su* z prevail$ among ! ,egyptians1 ^: practices d\btless 7 kn[n to ! ,magi by :om1 r ?an by any "o man1 ! ,mazdean law 0 fram$4 ,f9ally1 ! la/ rites provid$ a recurr5t object-lesson conducive to ! m5tal habit ( sep>at+ ! pure f ! impure4 ,!y rem9d$ ! ,mazdean t life is pure because giv5 by ,ormuzd2 dea? impure because inflict$ by ,ahriman4 ,! rule ( e religion is design$ l>gely1 if n *iefly1 z a moral discipl9e4#c ,footnote #c3 ,among ! ,buddhi/s ( ,?ibet ! dead are giv5 to dogs & birds ( prey z a la/ act ( *>ity--to fe$ ! hungry4 ,! true orig9ality ( ,zoroa/rianism z a religi\s sy/em lies 9 ! duali/ic conception ( creation :i* is ! nexus t connects all its p>ts4 ,?is 0 se5 at once1 :5 ! ,ave/a became kn[n 9 ,europe1 b ! idea 0 s entirely misund]/ood & ev5 trave/i$1 t ,zoroa/] 0 repres5t$ z a believ] 9 two gods ^: p[] 0 equal1 if1 inde$1 ! p[] ( ! evil "o 7 n ! great]4 ,rec5tly among ! manuscripts ( ,leop>di 7 f\nd ^! op5+ l9es ( an unf9i%$ 8,hymn to ,ahriman03-- 8,re delle cose1 autor del mondo1 arcana ,malvagit1 sommo pot]e e somma ,intellig5za1 et]no ,dator de' mali e regitor del moto44440 ,!y are f9e l9es1 b if ,anro-,ma9yus might fitly be call$ 8arcana malvagit0 & 8dator de' mali10 no?+ c\ld be f>!r remov$ f ! ,zoroa/rian idea ?an ! re/ ( ! description4 ,ahriman possess$ nei!r supreme p[] nor supreme intellig5ce1 nor 0 he au?or ( ! _w1 b only ( a small portion ( x4 ,to ?is day1 h[ev]1 x has pleas$ pessimi/s to claim ,zoroa/]1 ! mo/ optimi/ ( prophets1 z "o ( _! frat]nity4 ,! real ,ahriman ga9s 9 trem5d\s =ce f ! vagu5ess ( 8 p]sonality4 ,sometimes he acts z a p]son3 z 9 ! ,temptation ( ,zoroa/] :5 he (f]s him ! k+doms ( ! _w if he w b s]ve him4 ,b no arti/ w\ld h d>$ to give him human =m4 ,& surely no "o 9 ,iran w\ld h allud$ to him by mild or good-hum\r$ euphemisms4 ,he %>es ?is1 h[ev]1 ) ! m$ival devil1 t he works at an et]nally pre-de/9$ disadvantage4 ,he is =e-doom$ to failure4 ,good is /rong] ?an ,evil1 & ,good is la/+1 ,evil is pass+4 ,9 ! end1 ,evil mu/ cease to be4 ,?\gh n immortal1 ,ahriman 0 primordial4 ,unlike ! fall5 /> ( ! morn+1 :at he is1 t he 04 ,he did n *oose ,evil3 he is ,evil z ,ormuzd is ,good4 ,he c create1 b only ?+s l himself4 ,! notion t bo? ,ormuzd & ,ahriman proce$$ f a prior entity1 ,b\ndless ,"t1 is a late leg5d4 ,ormuzd & ,ahriman exi/$ always1 ! "o 9 et]nal light1 ! o!r 9 beg9n+less d>kness4 ,an imm5se vacuum divid$ ! light f ! d>kness & ,ahriman knew n ,ormuzd1 ,evil knew n ,good1 till ,good 0 ext]nalis$ 9 ! b5efic5t creation4 8,"y life l[$ ?r\gh ! mead[s1 ! woods & ! e*o+ m\nta9s1 ,w&]$ bleat+ 9 valleys & w>bl$ on blossom+ bran*es40 ,! sight ( creat$ ?+s gave ,ahriman ! w to create correspond+ ?+s1 evil in/ead ( good4 ,he made s91 disease1 dea?1 ! flood1 ! e>?quake1 fam9e1 slaught]1 noxi\s animals4 ,s ! pieces 7 set d[n on ! *ess-bo>d ( be+1 &1 z 9 all religions1 man's s\l 0 ! /ake4 ,! diff]5ce f o!r religions lay 9 ! det]m9$ ef=t to grapple ) ! problem ( ! orig9 ( evil4 ,! tribe ( div9e /ud5ts among :om ,mazdeism sprang up saw 9 t unsolv$ problem ! great cause ( unbelief1 & !y set !mselves to solve x by ! !ory :i* ,j4 ,s4 ,mill said 0 ! only "o :i* c\ld reconcile philosophy ) religion--! !ory ( primal =ces at w>4 ,! ,indian did n attempt to fa?om x2 ! ,egyptian & ,assyrian set x aside2 we "k ! (f]$ ,hebrew solution3 8,i =m ! light & create d>kness2 ,i make peace & create evil1 ,i1 ! ,"l1 d all ^! ?+s40 ,b ?is is a /atem5t1 n a solution1 because ?\gh x may be believ$1 x _c be ?\ght4 ,! attraction ( ! duali/ic conception is %[n by no?+ m cle>ly ?an by ! extraord9>y vitality ( ,mani*ism 9 ! face ( e k9d ( p]secution bo? 9 ! ,ea/ & ,we/1 al?\gh ,mani*ism1 ) its ascription ( ! creation ( mank9d to ! ,evil ,pr9ciple1 its depreciation ( woman1 its out-&-out asceticism :i* includ$ ab/95ce f animal food 7a rule borr[$ by ,mani f ! ,buddhi/s 9 8 j\rney 9 ,india7 contra/s unfav\rably ) ! fai? t did n make a s+le dem& on human nature except to be good1 ev5 z its ,creator 0 good4 ,! orig9 ( ! ,magians 0 ,semitic1 or1 z "s ?9k1 pr-,semitic & pr-,aryan4 ,travell]s br\ght tales ( !m to ! anci5t _w :i* li/5$ ) a fasc9at$ int]e/1 :ile x fail$ to see ! importance ( ! mighty religi\s ph5om5on ( ,israel4 ,! 8,wise m5 ( ! ,ea/0 _h a *>m = antiquity1 z !y 7 to h = ! ,infant ,*ur* :i* nev] tir$ ( depict+ !m 9 its e>lie/ art4 ,m5tion ( ! 8,p]s>um ,magos0 is frequ5t f ,h]odotus to ,cic]o1 :o speaks ( !m "u t "n4 ,accord+ to ,h]odotus ! ,magi sang ! ,!ogony1 & ,pausanias describes !m z read+ f a book :i* 0 c]ta9ly ! ,ave/a1 ?\gh x mu/ n be ov]look$ t nev] b once does x conta9 ! smalle/ ref]5ce to !m4 ,?is tribe ( div9e /ud5ts enjoy$ a high reputation at ! ,babylonian ,c\rt1 :i* seems less unexpect$ by ! light ( rec5t rese>* ?an x did :5 ! ,babylonians & ,assyrians 7 ?\ght to be de/itute ( any trace ( an esot]ic religion t5d+ to mono!ism4 ,t ! ,magians 7 mono!i/s _c be disput$4 ,probably !y 7 skill$ 9 a/ronomy & 9 m$ic9e1 ! two sci5ces :i* almo/ cov]$ :at 0 meant !n by le>n+ 9 ! ,ea/4 ,probably also !y 7 a/rolog]s l o!r se>*]s ( ! heav5s1 b !y 7 n magic-work]s1 a call+ t _h a bad "n4 ,! ,magi 9 ! ,gospel /ory are suppos$ to h be5 guid$ by a/ronomical calculations2 :atev] ^! may h be51 !y c\ld n h be5 ignorant ( ! prophecy 9 _! own ,scriptures ( a ,virg9 :o %\ld give bir? to ! ,savi\r & ,judge ( m54 ,! ante-natal s\l ( ?is ,virg9 _h be5 v5]at$ = c5turies 9 ,iran4 ,an infiltration ( ,messianic prophecies might induce !m to conclude t ! ,*ild w\ld be 8,k+ ( ! ,jews40 ,x 0 n likely t !y w\ld take s long a j\rney to d homage to any new-born e>?ly k+1 b x 0 q possible t !y might g 9 se>* ( ! promis$ ,savi\r4 ,illu/ration3 ,photo3 ,mansell4 ,,c\nt+ ,,cattle4 ,briti% ,museum4 7,egyptian ,fresco47 ,9 ,m$ia we "k t ! p liv$ at "o "t 9 tribes1 )\t k+s4 ,9 "o =m or ano!r1 ! tribal organisation exi/$ & exi/s ev]y:]e 9 ! ,ea/4 ,:at is ca/e b a petrifi$ tribal sy/em8 ,! fir/ discov]y :i* a ,european makes on l&+ on ! skirts ( ! ,ea/1 is t ev]y?+ is done by tribes4 ,! ,alg]ian conjurors :o swall[ fire1 drive nails into _! heads & d o!r gruesome feats are a semi-religi\s tribe :i* has ?riv$ f "t immemorial on ! ex]cise ( ! same pr(ession4 ,! dw>fs ( ! late ,bey ( ,tunis1 :om ,i saw at ,b>do1 belong$ to a tribe :i* does no?+ b furni% dw>fs4 ,apply to a high or wor?y end ?is corporate pursuit ( a giv5 object & x mu/ produce rem>kable results4 ,! unanim\s belief ( ! ,greeks t ,zoroa/] 0 f\nd] ( ! ,magians is held no long]1 b he is /ill ?\ght to h be5 "o ( !m4 ,moslem tradition made him ! s]vant ( a ,hebrew prophet1 & ev5 s]i\s ,we/]n /ud5ts 7 incl9$ to trace ,mazdeism to ! ,jewi% prison]s :o 7 br\ght into ,m$ia by ! ,assyrians4 ,x is unnecess>y to say t at pres5t ! ,jews are reg>d$ z ! debtors4 ,!re is no figure ( a religi\s tea*] s elusive z t ( ,zoroa/]1 & !y are all elusive4 ,b 9 ! case ( ,zoroa/] x is n only ! man t eludes u--x is also 8 environm5t4 ,brahmanical ,india ( to-day reflects z 9 a glass ! society into :i* ,sakya ,muni ca/ 8 se$2 9 fact1 we und]/& ! se$-s[+ bett] ?an ! h>ve/2 ,buddhism at its apogee seems ( ! nature ( an int]lude 9 ! hi/ory ( ! *angeless ,ea/4 ,*9a /ill ?r[s light on its passionless sage1 passionless 9 a s5se s f> deep] ?an ! ,indian recluses1 :o1 ?\gh !y knew x n1 did b sub/itute = ! passion ( ! fle% ! m inebriat+ passion ( ! _s4 ,f ! spl5did treasury ( pr-,islamic poetry1 we "k t ! ,arab race _h acquir$ its specialis$ type be=e ! ,muezz9 fir/ call$ ! fai?ful to pray]4 ,! moral petrifaction ( ! _m & ! religi\s & patriotic f]m5t ( ! few :i* =m$ ! milieu ( nasc5t ,*ri/ianity1 c be realis$ )\t any /ret* ( ! imag9ation4 ,buddha1 ,confucius1 & ,he t 0 great] ?an !y1 came into highly civilis$ societies 9 organis$ /ates2 ,mohamm$ came into an unorganis$ /ate :i* lack$ political & religi\s cohesion1 b ! unity ( race 0 already develop$3 ! ,emirs ( ! ,s\dan ^: /> set at ,omdurman 7 ! liv+ pictures ( ! ,arabs :o fir/ ralli$ to ! ,prophet's bann]4 ,( ! society ( ,old ,iran to :i* ,zoroa/] spoke1 x is difficult to =m a di/9ct idea & to judge h[ f> x _h mov$ away f e>ly ,aryan simplicity4 ,we ga!r t x 0 /ill a society 9 :i* %eep-rais+ & dairy-f>m+ play$ a prepond]ant "p4 ,^? mod]n expressions may s]ve u bett] ?an to say 8%eph]ds0 & 8h]dsm510 s9ce fixity ( dwell+ ) ! possession ( :at !n 0 consid]$ weal? seems to h be5 a v common case4 ,nomadic life la/$ on1 b x 0 held 9 disrepute4 ,!re appe>s to h be5 no?+ l a national or w>like _s su* z t possess$ by ! ,jews1 ?\gh occasional ,turanian incursions _h to be repell$4 ,!re 7 few t[ns & _m scatt]$ villages & home/eads4 ,we are consci\s t ^! impressions d]iv$ f ! ,ave/a may be p>tially errone\s4 ,tea*]s ( religion only take note ( political or o!r circum/ances s f> z x suits _! purpose4 ,zoroa/] 7! ,greek read+ ( ,z>a?u/ra1 :i* 9 mod]n ,p]sian becomes ,z>du%t71 0 born1 z f> z c be guess$1 9 ,bactria1 :i* became ! /ronghold ( ,ave/ic religion & ! la/ refuge ( ! national mon>*y on ! ,arab invasion4 ,!re 0 a "t :5 8 exi/5ce 0 d5i$1 b no "o d\bts x n[4 ,eight hundr$ ye>s be=e ,*ri/ is ! date :i* mo/ mod]n s*ol>s assign to him1 ?\gh "s place him mu* f>!r back1 :ile o!rs ?9k !y disc]n reasons = 8 hav+ appe>$ aft] ,buddha4 ,! leg5d ( 8 life 7n to be f\nd 9 ! ,ave/a7 beg9s 9 ! inv>iable way3 he 0 desc5d$ f k+s2 z a "y man he retir$ to a grotto 9 ! des]t1 :]e he liv$ an au/]e life ( reflection = sev5 ye>s4 ,zoroa/] nev] taught asceticism1 b tradition attributes to him ! season ( solitude & self-collection )\t :i* p]haps1 9 fact z well z 9 fable1 ! supreme p[] ov] o!r m5's m9ds 0 nev] wield$ by man4 ,v>i\s m>vell\s p>ticul>s are relat$3 he 0 suckl$ by two ewes2 wild animals obey$ 8 voice2 :5 ?r[n "u ! feet ( ox5 & horses1 !y avoid$ hurt+ him4 ,9 8 sev5 ye>s' retirem5t he m$itat$ on idol-wor%ip1 on false gods & false prophets4 ,! p ( ,iran1 sub/antially mono!i/ b prone to slid+ into degrad+ sup]/ition1 (f]$ a field = 8 mission4 ,he took to him a few disciples & began to prea* to z _m z w\ld he>1 b he met ) great difficulties4 ,at la/1 he f\nd fav\r ) a k+ by cur+ 8 fav\rite horse1 & he might h end$ 8 days 9 peace b ! _s urg$ him to cont9ue 8 apo/olate4 ,n to pr9ces b to peasants did he *iefly address himself2 he did n call !m away f _! "w b exhort$ !m to pursue x dilig5tly4 8,he :o cultivates ! e>? w nev] lack1 b he :o does n1 w /& idly at ! doors ( o!rs to beg food40 ,lab\r is n an evil1 man :o e>ns 8 bread by ! sweat ( 8 br[ is n "u a curse3 he is ! fell[-work] ) ,god6 ,?is 0 ! gr&e/ ?+ t ,zoroa/] taught4 ,x is s+ul> to note ! aff9ity betwe5 8 tea*+ & ! ,virgilian conception ( ! husb&man z half a prie/4 ,9 ! ,middle ,ages ! same ?\ght arose :]e "o w\ld n look = x3 among ^? religi\s ord]s :i* _h ! lum9\s inspiration t 9 "w n 9 indol5ce lay ! means ( salvation3 8,labor>e e/ or>e40 ,! c>e ( ! ,god-creat$ animals br\ght ) x a special bless+3 x 0 actually a way to heav54 ,if a fri5d gave u a *]i%$ animal1 %\ld n we treat x well = t fri5d's sake z well z = its own value8 ,w\ld n x rem9d u ( ! giv]8 ,w\ld n we be anxi\s t he %\ld f9d x 9 good heal? if by *ance he came on a visit8 ,?is is h[ ,zoroa/] wi%$ man to feel ab\t ! c[1 ! %eep1 ! dog4 ,augu/e ,comte consid]$ dome/ic animals z a "p ( humanity4 ,zoroa/] consid]$ !m z a tru/ f ,god4 ,moslem traditions f9i% ! /ory ( ! ,mazdean prophet by tell+ t he 0 beat5 to dea? by 8devil-wor%ipp]s10 probably ,turanian raid]s4 ,zoroa/rian au?orities are sil5t ab\t 8 end1 :i* is ?\ght to be> out ! leg5d t x 0 un=tunate4 ,! ,p>sis hold t ! :ole ,ave/a 0 ! "w ( ,zoroa/]4 ,mu* ( ! orig9al mat]ial has disappe>$1 & al?\gh ,we/]n writ]s are dispos$ to ?r[ all ! blame on ! ,moslem invad]s1 ! /eady ,p]sian tradition :i* accuses 8,alex&] ! ,rman0 ( hav+ caus$ ! de/ruction ( an important "p ( x1 _c be well answ]$ by say+ t su* b>b>ism 0 n likely to be committ$ by ! ,mac$onian conqu]or4 ,:5 ,p]sepolis 0 r$uc$ to ru9s "s ( ! sacr$ books 8writt5 ) gold ink on prep>$ c[-sk9s0 may h be5 de/roy$ by accid5t1 b z x 0 c]ta9 t ! ,zoroa/rian prie/s w\ld d all !y c\ld to fom5t resi/ance to ! hat$ idolat]1 we _c be too sure t ! de$ 0 n done on purpose4 ,! way ( dispos+ ( ! dead set ! ,greeks aga9/ ! ,zoroa/rians1 & !y ev5 ?\ght or affect$ to ?9k t ! dy+ z well z ! dead 7 giv5 to dogs4 ,! ,arabs1 no d\bt1 burnt :at !y c\ld lay _! h&s on ( :at 0 left1 & x tells mu* = ! devotion ( ! fai?ful few1 ! p]secut$ remnant 9 ,p]sia1 & ! b& ( exiles :o f\nd a happi] fate 9 ,india1 t nev]!less ! ,ave/a has be5 pres]v$ 9 a repres5tative ?\gh incomplete =m1 to take its place 9 among ! sacr$ lit]atures ( ! _w4 ,:5 ! ,p>sis return1 z !y hope to d1 to a free ,p]sia1 !y may c>ry ! ,ave/a pr\dly be=e !m z ! ,sikhs c>ri$ ! ,gran? to ! prophet-m>tyr's tomb at ,delhi3 !y h done m ?an keep ! fai?1 !y h liv$ x4 ,! pres5t ,ave/a consi/s ( five books4 ,! ,g?s or hymns alone really claim to h be5 compos$ by ,zoroa/] himself1 & ?is claim is admitt$ by ,european s*ol>s :o disagree ) ! ,p>sis 9 d5y+ t ! o!r f\r books are by ! same au?or4 ,!y are3 ! 8,yasna10 a c]emonial liturgy1 ! 8,visp]$10 a "w resembl+ ! 8,yasna10 b app>5tly less anci5t2 ! 8,v5ddd10 :i* conta9s ! ,mazdean religi\s law1 & ! 8,khordah ,ave/a10 a h\sehold pray]-book = ! laity4 ,! orig9al text 0 writt5 9 an ,aryan dialect relat$ to ,sanscrit2 aft] a "t1 ?is tongue 0 und]/ood by no "o b ! prie/s & n mu* by !m2 x 0 decid$1 !re=e1 to make a translation1 :i* 0 call$ ! 8,z5d10 or 8int]pretation10 or1 z we %\ld say1 8! au?oris$ v]sion40 ,at fir/ ,europeans ?\ght t 8,z5d0 meant ! orig9al tongue 9 :i* ! "w 0 writt54 ,curi\sly en\gh1 ! language into :i* ! ,scriptures 7 r5d]$ 0 n ,iranian or ,old ,p]sian1 b ,pahlavi1 a l+ua franca full ( ,semitic words1 :i* _h be5 co9$ = conv5i5ce 9 communicat+ ) ! ,assyrians & ,syrians :5 !y 7 "u "o k+4 ,pahlavi 0 also us$ = (ficial inscriptions1 = co9age1 = comm]ce2 x 0 a sort ( ,esp]anto4 ,! text & ! translation enjoy$ equal au?ority1 b ! =m] 0 call$ 8! ,ave/a ( ,heav50 & ! latt] 8! ,ave/a ( ,e>?40 ,! fir/ fragm5t ( ! 8,ave/a0 t rea*$ ,europe 0 a copy ( ! 8,yasna0 br\ght to ,cant]bury by an unkn[n ,engli%man 9 #afcc4 ,o!r scraps foll[$1 b no real attempt to translate x 0 made till ! adv5tur\s ,anquetil ,dup]ron publi%$ 9 #agga ! v]sion :i* he _h made ) ! assi/ance ( ,p>si prie/s & :i* 0 reject$ 9 unwise ha/e by ,sir ,william ,jones z a sup]*]ie littraire1 *iefly on ! score t its cont5ts 7 = ! mo/ "p pure nons5se1 & h5ce c\ld n be ! "w ( ,zoroa/]4 ,g]many at once 0 m j ?an ,engl& to ! man :o1 ?\gh he _h n succe$$ 9 mak+ a good translation1 des]v$ ! highe/ hon\r z a pione]4 ,ev5 n[ t bett] translations are available1 ! ,ave/a is apt to di%e>t5 ! read] on 8 fir/ acqua9tance ) x4 ,_m passages h rema9$ obscure1 & ! desire to be lit]al 9 ?is z 9 "s o!r ,ori5tal works has h9d]$ ! translators f writ+ _! own languages well4 ,x ne$s a ,sir ,ri*>d ,jebb to produce a translation :i* is a classic & is yet microscopically accurate4 ,i once ask$ ,pr(essor ,f4 ,c4 ,burkitt :y ! ,septuag9t did n make m impression on ! ,hell5ic & ,roman /ud5ts ( ,alex&ria by m]e =ce ( ! lit]>y p[] ( ! ,bible8 ,he repli$ t he ?\ght x 0 to be expla9$ by ! poor degree ( lit]>y skill possess$ by ! ,greek translators or by mo/ ( !m4 ,ano!r rem9isc5ce comes to my m9d "h3 ,i recollect t em95t s*ol> & deeply religi\s-m9d$ man1 ,alb]t ,rville1 say+ to me3 8,! ,bible is s mu* m amus+ ?an ! ,koran60 ,i am afraid "o mu/ confess t ! ,koran is s mu* 8m amus+0 ?an ! ,ave/a4 ,x is a good rule1 h[ev]1 to approa* all religi\s books ) pati5ce & ) rev]5ce1 = !y conta91 ev5 if conceal$ "u a bu%el1 ! f9e/ ?\ghts ( man4 ,:5 we h gr[n accu/om$ to ! outw>d frame ( ! ,ave/a1 ! inn] s5se becomes cle>]4 ,x is l a piece ( music by ,ts*aik[sky3 at fir/ ! modulations seem biz>re1 ! !mes incoh]5t2 !n1 by degrees1 a consecutive plan unw9ds itself & we "k t :at appe>$ mean+less s\nd 0 div9e h>mony4 ,! ess5tial tea*+ ( ! ,ave/a is summ$ up 9 ! text3 8,adore ,god ) a pure m9d & a pure body1 & hon\r ,him 9 ,8 works40 ,=ce1 p[]1 en]gy1 wat]s & /agnant pools1 spr+s1 runn+ brooks1 plants t %oot al(t1 plants t cov] ! gr\nd1 ! e>?1 ! heav5s1 />s1 sun1 moon1 ! ev]la/+ lights1 ! flocks1 ! k9e1 ! wat]-tribes1 ^? t are ( ! sky1 ! fly+1 ! wild ones--8,we hon\r all ^!1 ,?y holy & pure creatures1 ,o ,ahura ,mazda1 div9e artific]60 8,! ,voice said3 ,call ,my works ?y fri5ds40 ,if ! lyric note ( great religi\s expression is r>ely rea*$ 7only1 p]haps1 9 a few pieces1 su* z ! noble hymn to ! sun-symbol71 ! su/a9$ exposition ( life is s reasonable & yet s l(ty t to contemplate x aft] gaz+ at ! extravagances ( pill>-sa9ts & ,indian ,yogi1 signals1 z x 71 a return to sanity & heal? aft] ! nuit blan*e ( fev]4 ,! 8,khordah ,ave/a0 conta9s ?is c\nsel or good wi%3 8,be *e]ful2 live ?y life ! :ole "t :i* ?\ wilt live40 ,man is n ask$ to d ! impossible or ev5 ! difficult3 he is ask$ to enjoy4 ,to ! extreme spirituality :i* %rank f mak+ ev5 a m5tal image ( ,god is jo9$ a 8?is worldl9ess0 :i* saw 9 rational enjoym5t a religi\s duty4 ,in/ead ( *oos+ pov]ty1 man 0 ord]$ to make good use ( weal?2 in/ead ( mortify+ ! fle%1 he 0 to avoid calumny1 evil-speak+1 qu>rels1 to give clo!s to ! poor1 to pray n only = himself b = o!rs4 ,if he does wrong1 let him rep5t hone/ly 9 8 he>t & d "s practical good "w z a pl$ge ( 8 rep5tance4 ,! s\l :i* grieves = its wrongdo+ & s9s no m comes back into ! light ( 8,god ! giv]1 ,=giv]1 ri* 9 ,love1 :o always is1 always 01 always w be60 ,:5 x 0 ask$1 8,:at is 9 ! fir/ place mo/ acceptable to ?is e>?80 ! answ] came3 8,:5 a holy man walks on x1 ,o ,z>a?u/ra60 ,good m5 "w ) ,god1 :o1 sure ( ultimate triumph1 is yet ,himself /ruggl+ n[ aga9/ ! ,p[] ( ,d>kness4 ,!re is no religion )\t a good life3 8,all h n ! ,fai? :o d n he> x2 all he> x n :o are unclean2 all are unclean :o are s9n]s40 ,god did n s5d calamities to ,8 s]vants1 b ,he compassionates !m 9 _! trials3 8,! voice ( him weep+1 h[ev] l[1 m\nts up to ! />-lights1 comes r\nd ! :ole _w40 ,x is no s9 to desire ri*es3 8,?y k+dom come1 ,o ,ahura1 :5 ! virtu\s poor %all inh]it ! e>?40 ,9 spite ( ! suff]+s ( good p1 ev5 on ?is fair e>? !re is m ( pleasantness = ! good ?an = ! wick$1 & 9 ! next _w !re is bliss et]nal4 ,i d n ?9k t ,rob]t ,br[n+ /udi$ ! ,ave/a1 b to ! ?or\ghly ,zoroa/rian l9e quot$ above ,i am tempt$ to add ?is o!r :i* is n less s3-- 8,nev] dream$1 ?\gh "r 7 wor/$1 wrong w\ld triumph40 ,= ! individual1 z = ! univ]se1 ,"r mu/ triumph4 ,if ! prophet ( optimism has a h>d] task ?an ! oracle ( despair1 x is1 p]haps1 a m pr(itable task4 ,! ,p>si repeats daily1 z 8 ance/ors did be=e him1 ! s-call$ ,honov] or 8,ahuna-,vairya10 or logos :i* br+s ,god d[n to man z ! ,gayatri lifts man up to ,god3 8,"o ,ma/] & ,"l1 all holy & supreme2 "o tea*] ( ,8 ,law1 appo9t$ by ,god's almighty w z %eph]d to ! weak40 ,! ,mazdean 8law0 0 a ?\ght-out sy/em to prev5t idolatry & a!ism1 & to make m5 lead good lives4 ,!re is no racial exclusiv5ess 9 x3 ! ,mazdeans _h no %ibbole? or peculi> sign2 ,zoroa/]1 himself a =eign]1 did n appeal to a *os5 p or to a miracul\sly evolv$ ca/e3 he only knew ( good m5 & bad4 ,a really good man1 tru?ful & *>itable 9 all 8 ways1 _h ?ree heav5s op5 to him ev5 ?\gh he 8(f]$ no pray]s & *ant$ no ,g?s02 only ! f\r? heav51 a little ne>] ! pres5ce ( ,god1 0 res]v$ = ^? :o _h devot$ _! lives to religion4 ,temp]ance 0 enjo9$1 z )\t temp]ance !re c\ld n be heal?4 ,! family 0 sacr$ & m>riage m]itori\s3 *ildr51 ! gift ( ,ahura ,mazda1 7 recruits = ! great ,salvation ,army ( ! future4 ,immorality 0 sev]ely c5sur$1 b ! victims ( x 7 befri5d$4 ,/r+5t & mo/ humane religi\s laws protect$ ! fille-mre f be+ driv5 8by h] %ame0 to de/roy h]self or h] (fspr+4 ,girls 7 m>ri$ at sixte53 ! address to "y brides may be comp>$ ) t 9 ! ,rig-,v$a3 8,i speak ^! words to y1 maid5s :o w$4 ,i say !m unto y--impr9t !m on y\r he>ts4 ,le>n to "k ! _w ( ! ,holy ,_s accord+ to ! ,law4 ,ev5 s1 let "o ( y take ! o!r z ! ,law orda9s1 = x w be to y a s\rce ( p]fect joy40 ,at ! "t :5 ,zoroa/rianism 0 ! ,/ate religion1 ! ,ssnian p]iod1 we f9d t ! k+s frequ5tly _h h>ems4 ,x is c]ta91 h[ev]1 t if 9 ?is z 9 o!r ?+s ! prie/s 7 complac5t1 !y 7 untrue to or?odox ,zoroa/rian doctr9e & cu/om1 :i* only p]mitt$ ! tak+ ( a second wife 9 "s r>e cases1 z :5 !re 0 no issue by ! fir/4 ,ev5 !n1 x does n seem to h be5 enc\rag$4 ,! blot on ,ave/ic morality is ! /range recomm5dation ( consangu9e\s m>riages1 :i* ! ,p>sis int]pret z f> z possible 9 a figurative s5se1 b x mu/ h be5 int5d$ to be foll[$1 ?\gh x is pla9 t su* unions 7 nev] popul>4 ,! decl>$ object 0 ! hypo!tical maximum purity ( race3 exactly ! same object z t contemplat$ 9 ! union ( ,siegemund & ,siegel9d 9 ! ,nibelung5li$--a curi\s p>allel4 ,to my m9d1 ! desire to keep agricultural prop]ty toge!r may h _h some?+ to d ) x4 ,! pres5t moral ideas ( ! ,p>sis d n diff] f ^? ( ,europeans1 & :5 !y reque/$ to be plac$ "u ! ,engli% in/ead ( ! ,h9du m>riage law1 _! wi% 0 grant$4 ,9 ,ave/a times ! prie/s bo? m>ri$ & toil$ l ! re/ ( ! p4 ,:5 _! prosp]ity "u ! ,ssnians t5d$ to make !m a class ap>t1 !y seem to h become less fai?ful to ! ideals ( _! ma/]1 less /]n 9 oppos+ evil 9 high places4 ,x is a common exp]i5ce ( hi/ory4 ,orig9ally !y 7 true citiz5-prie/s1 mix+ ) ! p z be+ ( !m4 ,!re 0 no life bett] or holi] ?an ! common life ( duty & "w4 ,isolation ( any k9d 0 contr>y to ! c5tral ,zoroa/rian view ( man z a social be+4 ,among ! wick$ s\ls 9 hell1 ea* "o ?9ks itself utt]ly alone3 x has no sight or k ( ! ho/ ar\nd x4 ,no?+ c\ld illu/rate m p[]fully ?an ?is ! say+ ( a great ,fr5* writ]3 8,seul a un synonyme3 mort60 ,solitude is ! dea? ( ! s\l4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,vii ,,zoroa/rian ,,zoology ,,no inve/igator ( e>ly ,iran c af=d to neglect ! ,%ahnameh ( ,firdusi1 :i* 0 z good hi/ory z he c\ld make x2 t is to say1 x 0 f\nd$ on extremely old leg5d>y lore collect$ by him ) a real wi% to revive ! memory ( ! pa/4 ,firdusi sang ! glories ( ! 8fire-wor%ipp]s0 ) su* en?usiasm t "o _c be surpris$ if1 :5 he di$1 ! ,%eikh ( ,ts d\bt$ :e!r he ought receive or?odox ,moslem burial3 a d\bt remov$ by an opportune dream 9 :i* ! ,%eikh saw ! poet 9 ,p>adise4 ,9 ,firdusi's epic we are told t ! e>lie/ ,p]sian k+ 7:o seems to h be5 n v f> (f ! fir/ man7 liv$ 9 peace ) all creation4 ,wild animals came r\nd & knew him = _! "l4 ,he _h a son :o 0 kill$ by demons & a gr&son nam$ ,h%5g1 :o1 z soon z he 0 old en\gh1 made w> on ! demons 7,turanians87 to av5ge 8 fa!r's murd]4 ,e species ( wild & tame bea/ obey$ ,h%5g3-- 8,! savage bea/s1 & ^? ( g5tl] k9d1 ,alike repos$ be=e him & appe>$ ,to d him homage40 ,9 8 w> on ! demon's brood1 ,h%5g 0 help$ by wolf1 tig]1 lion1 & ev5 by ! f[ls ( ! air4 ,all ?is :ile mank9d _h liv$ on fruit & ! leaves ( trees4 ,h%5g taught 8 p to bake bread4 ,he 0 succe$$ by 8 son ,talium51 9 ^: reign pan!rs1 hawks1 & falcons 7 tam$4 ,! next k+ introduc$ weav+ & ! use ( arm\r4 ,8 successor 0 rememb]$ = hav+ kept a h]d ( #a1jjj c[s ^: milk he gave to ! poor4 ,!n came ,zork1 :o own$ #aj1jjj horses4 ,zork 0 s$uc$ by ,ibls1 ! evil _s1 :o1 9 ord] to accompli% x1 became 8 *ief cook4 ,ibls 0 ! real f\nd] ( ! cul9>y art2 till !n1 p liv$ /ill almo/ entirely on bread & fruit1 b ! k+'s new *ef prep>$ ! mo/ sav\ry di%es1 = :i* he us$ ! fle% ( all k9ds ( birds & bea/s4 ,f9ally1 he s5t to table a p>tridge & a pheasant1 aft] :i* ,zork promis$ ! devil to grant him any reque/ he might make4 ,illu/ration3 ,photo3 ,j4 ,dieulafoy4 ,,k+ ,,fight+ ,,griff9 ,,) ,,scorpion',s ,,tail4 ,palace ( ,d>ius4 7,by p]mission ( ,m4 ,m>cel ,dieulafoy47 ,"h !re are fugitive rem9isc5ces ( p>allel leg5ds 9 ! ,bundehe%1 a ,p>si religi\s book belong+ to po/-,ave/ic times4 ,! fir/ human c\ple s]v$ ,god fai?fully till1 = "s unexpla9$ reason1 !y 7 induc$ to ascribe creation & supreme p[] to ! daevas4 ,?is 0 ! 8un=givable s910 ! ascription ( ! miracul\s p[] ( ,god to ! devil4 ,ahriman rejoic$ at _! treason1 ?\gh x is n said t he 0 ! cause ( x3 man c\ld *oose betwe5 good & evil4 ,aft] _! defection1 ! man & ! woman clo!d !mselves 9 leaves & took to hunt+4 ,ahriman put x into _! heads to kill a goat & !n to light a fire by rubb+ two /icks3 !y blew on ! fire to fan ! flame & roa/$ a piece ( ! goat4 ,"o bit !y ?rew 9 ! air z a sacrifice to ! ,nature spirits1 say+1 8,?is = ! ,yazatas60 ,a kite flew pa/ & c>ri$ (f ! sacrifice4 ,aft]w>ds1 ! man & woman dress$ 9 sk9s & told innum]able lies4 ,go+ f bad to worse1 !y eng5d]$ a l>ge family :5ce sprang ! tw5ty-five races ( mank9d4 ,h[ ?is /ory got into ! ,bundehe% ,i d n "k1 b ,i am sure t ,zoroa/] w\ld h dis[n$ x4 ,he knew ( no collective 8fall ( man10 :e!r 9 connexion ) p>tridges1 pheasants1 or goat-fle%4 ,! ,ave/a1 9 its sob] cosmogony1 is cont5t to speak ( ! proto-man1 ,gayo ,m>a?an 7mortal life71 & ! proto-good-animal1 ,geus ,urva1 f :om all human be+s & all animals ( ! good creation are d]iv$4 ,nev]!less1 ,ahura ,mazda is describ$ frequ5tly z creat+ ea* animal2 ! proto-creature 0 only ! modus op]&i ( ! div9e p[]4 ,z 9 biology1 divid$ sex 0 a second>y developm5t4 ,f ! bull1 ,geus ,urva1 proce$$ fir/ 8 own species1 & !n %eep1 camels1 horses1 asses1 birds1 wat]-animals4 ,! di/+ui%+ qualification giv5 him ( good & labori\s is ! mo/ /rik+ pro( ( ! orig9ality ( ,magian ideas3 in/ead ( ! /rong bulls ( ,basan ro>+ 9 _! might1 ! bull we h "h is "o ) ! pl\gh+ ox3-- 8,t'amo1 o pio bove2 e mite un s5tim5to ,di vigore e di pace al cor m'infondi44440 --! pati5t1 ! long-suff]+1 ! g5tle1 ?\gh /rong-limb$ help] ( man 9 8 daily toil1 good 9 8 vig\r1 good 9 8 mildness1 b good mo/ ( all 9 8 lab\r1 = ,zoroa/] call$ lab\r a holy ?+4 ,! animal :i* did mo/ to cultivate ,god's e>? & make ! des]t fl[] l a rose1 0 ! p>agon ( creatures4 ,x mu/ n be ?\ght t to ! ,geus ,urva or 8 k9d 0 ev] r5d]$ ! homage due to _! ,creator4 ,if !re 0 "o ?+ m abhorr5t1 to ! ,zoroa/rian m9d ?an idolatry x 0 zoolatry3 :5 ,cambyses kill$ a new ,apis ) _m ( 8 foll[]s 9 ,egypt1 he _h no reason to fe> ,mazdean criticism4 ,! s\l ( ! bull receives dulia n latria4 8,we hon\r ! s\l ( ! bull 444 & also our own s\ls & our cattle's s\ls :o help to pres]ve our life2 ! s\ls by :i* !y exi/ & :i* exi/ = !m40 ,s runs "o ( ! ,g?s1 "o ( ! hymns ( ,zoroa/] himself4 8,we hon\r ! s\ls ( ! swift1 wild animals2 we hon\r ! s\ls ( j m5 & wom5 9 :atev] place !y are born1 ^: pure natures h ov]come evil4 ,we hon\r sa9tly m5 & sa9tly wom51 liv+ immortal1 always liv+1 always increas+ 9 glory--all man & woman s\ls fai?ful to ! ,_s ( ,god40 ,9 ?is song ( praise we h br\ght be=e u vividly a fundam5tal doctr9e ( ! ,ave/a :i* p]vades e page ( x3 ! belief 9 ! ,frava%i1 ! s\l-p>tn]1 ! d\ble or angel1 :i* exi/s be=e bir? z dur+ life & aft] dea?4 ,?is belief has a great int]e/ = u z x w\ld seem t x 0 only by *ance t x did n pass into ! body ( ,*ri/ian dogma4 ,! ,jews ( ! new s*ool _h held x = q two hundr$ ye>s be=e ,*ri/4 ,besides o!r allusions1 are ! ?ree di/9ct ref]5ces to ! s\l-p>tn] 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,*ri/ ,himself speaks ( ! angels ( ! *ildr5 :o are always 9 ! pres5ce ( ,god & :o compla9 to ,him if ! *ildr5 are ill-treat$4 ,secondly1 :5 ,pet] issu$ f prison1 ^? :o saw him said1 8,x is 8 angel40 ,?irdly1 x is /at$ t ! ,sadducees believ$ t !re 0 no resurrection1 8nei!r angel nor ,_s10 b t ! ,ph>isees1 ( :om ,paul 0 "o1 8confess$ bo?40 ,^! ?ree ref]5ces become intelligible = ! fir/ "t aft] read+ ! ,g?s4 ,true x is t he :o kn[s only "o religion1 kn[s none4 ,ahriman inflict$ e sort ( suff]+ on ! primal creature--?is 0 ! beg9n+ ( cruelty to animals4 ,at la/1 he caus$ its dea?4 ,! s\l ( ! ,bull dwells 9 ! pres5ce ( ,god1 & to x1 z int]cessor1 all suff]+ creatures lift _! pla9ts4 ,:y 7 !y made to suff] wra?1 ill-usage1 hung]8 ,w no "o lead !m to sweet pa/ures8 ,! creature-s\l c>ries ! cry ( ! creatures to ,god4 ,ahura ,mazda promises ! adv5t ( ,zoroa/]1 r$ress] ( all wrongs4 ,b ! ,bull-s\l weeps & compla9s3 h[ c ! voice ( "o weak man avail to help8 ,x invokes /rong] & m effectual aid4 ,! hymn is really a litany ( suff]+ animals1 ! gr&eur ( ! ?\ght fla%+ across obscurities :i* make x almo/ impossible to translate4 ,v my/]i\s is ! expression ( incr$ulity 9 ! efficacy ( ! help ( ,zoroa/]1 an expression :i* /&s q alone1 & 9 :i* "s h se5 a pro( t ?is hymn 0 n writt5 by ! ,prophet4 ,b w\ld any "o else h d>$ to "q 8 p[] or to call him 8"o weak man08 ,c x be t ,zoroa/] 0 di/ress$ to f9d 8 ef=ts to prev5t cruelty s unavail+1 & t he "h cov]tly invokes ! 8/rong arm ( ! law0 to d :at he _h fail$ 9 do+8 ,9 ! pages ( ! ,ave/a ev]y?+ is tri$ to en=ce humanity3 hopes ( rew>d1 ?reats ( puni%m5t1 appeals to religi\s ob$i5ce1 common gratitude1 self-int]e/4 ,x _c b appe> s+ul> t among an ,ea/]n pa/oral & agricultural p su* reit]at$ admonitions %\ld h be5 ne$ful4 ,! c[ & ! horse1 8animals manife/ly pure :i* br+ ) !m words ( bless+10 inflict t]rible ana!mas on _! torm5tors3-- ,! c[ curses him :o keeps h]3 8,maye/ ?\ rema9 )\t po/]ity1 ev] cont9u+ ( evil report1 ?\ :o do/ n di/ribute me food1 & yet cause/ me to lab\r = ?y wife1 ?y *ildr5 & ?y own su/5ance40 ,! horse curses 8 own]3 8,maye/ ?\ n be he :o h>nesses swift horses1 n "o ( ^? :o sit on swift horses1 n "o :o makes swift horses ha/5 away4 ,?\ do/ n wi% /r5g? to me 9 ! num]\s assembly1 9 ! circle ( _m m540 ,! c[ :i* is l$ a/ray by robb]s calls to ,mi?ra 8ev] ) unlift$ h&s1 ?9k+ ( ! /all10 & ,mi?ra1 "h figur+ z ! v5geance ( ,god1 de/roys ! h\se1 ! clan1 ! conf$]acy1 ! region1 ! rule ( him :o injur$ h]4 ,%e is ! type ( prosp]ity3 8,o ?\ :o did/ create ! c[1 give u immortal life1 safety1 p[]1 pl5ty40 ,%e is de> to h] ,creator3 8,?\ ha/ giv5 ! e>? z a sweet pa/ure = ! c[40 ,%e is prais$ because %e furni%es ! (f]+s1 fle%1 milk1 & butt]4 ,?is rem9ds u ( ! diff]5ces ( po9t ( view betwe5 ! ,p]sian & ! ,indian humanit>ian4 ,! ,indian1 9 !ory at lea/1 simply =bade tak+ animal life4 ,he _h ! great advantage ( ! argum5t ( ! /raight l9e4 ,! ,zoroa/rian 0 h&icapp$ by 8 mod]ation4 ,x is easi] f> to tea* extraord9>y ?an ord9>y well-do+2 e morali/ :o has set out to improve mank9d has f\nd t4 ,zoroa/] _h n ! smalle/ d\bt ab\t 8 cont5tion t man has imp]ative duties 9 reg>d to :at us$ to be call$ 8! brute creation40 ,man c\ld n live z man at all )\t x3 we :o h h>ness$ /eam & trapp$ ! electric sp>k might ent]ta9 su* a possibility1 b to ,zoroa/] ! idea w\ld h seem$ absurd4 ,z we owe s mu* to animals1 ! lea/ we c d is to treat !m well4 ,yet1 ?\gh he includ$ wanton & useless slaught] 9 8ill-treatm5t10 he all[s ! kill+ ( animals = food4 ,h]odotus rem>k$ t1 unlike ! ,egyptians1 ! ,magian prie/s did n ?9k x pollution to kill animals ) _! own h&s--except dogs & ox54 ,x is to be suppos$ t ! fram]s ( ,zoroa/rian law believ$ t animal food 0 necess>y = man's heal? & /r5g?1 p]fect heal? be+ ! /ate mo/ acceptable to ! ,creator4 ,believ+ ?is1 !y c\ld n =bid ! temp]ate use ( x4 ,g>gantuan fea/s 7 n dreamt (2 if !y _h be51 !y w\ld h receiv$ ! condemnation giv5 to all excesses4 ,we are apt to fall into ! way ( ?9k+ ( sacr$ books :i* is t ( _! own adepts2 we ?9k ( !m z writt5 by unprem$itat$ impulse4 ,b commonly ?is 0 n ! case4 ,! ,ave/a1 especially1 be>s signs ( conclusions rea*$ by pati5t reason+4 ,:ile1 h[ev]1 ! ,magians p]mitt$ ! slaught] ( animals1 !y b[$ to ! orig9al scruple :i* has no race-limits1 by ord]+ t su* slaught] %\ld be accompani$ by an expiatory rite )\t ! p]=mance ( :i* x 0 unlawful4 ,?is 0 ! (f]+ ( ! head ( ! animal to ,homa3 reg>d$1 9 ?is in/ance1 z ! ar*etype ( ! 8w9e ( life0--! sacr$ or sacram5tal juice ( ! plant :i* has be5 id5tifi$ ) ! ,indian ,soma4 ,! ,homa juice 0 mu* ! mo/ sacr$ ?+ t c\ld be eat5 or drunk2 if x is true t x conta9$ alcohol1 ! little jet ( flame t w\ld />t upw>ds z x 0 ?r[n on ! sacrificial fire might seem actually to be> ) x ! _s ( ! (f]+4 ,:atev] 0 ! exact idea impli$ by ! d$ication ( slaught]$ animals to ,homa1 ! fact t !y 7 kill$ = food did n1 ( c\rse1 9 any way affect _! extra-mortal de/9y4 ,! 8s\ls ( our cattle0--_! ar*etypes--c\ld n suff] dea?4 ,z a c>eful obs]v]1 :i* he is n[ all[$ to h be51 ,h]odotus rem>k$ t n only might ! prie/s take animal life1 b t !y ?\ght x highly m]itori\s to take ! life ( c]ta9 animals su* z ants1 s]p5ts1 & "s k9ds ( birds4 ,x requir$ no pr(\nd k ( ! ,ea/ to notice some?+ unusual 9 ?is4 ,ev5 ! ,jews1 ) _! classification ( clean & unclean bea/s1 ca/ no moral slur on ! =bidd5 category1 & if ! s]p5t ( ,ed5 0 curs$1 lat] snakes rega9$ _! "* & inspir$ no loa?+2 ! snake-*>m] ) 8 crawl+ pupils 0 a well kn[n & popul> ent]ta9]4 ,f>!r ,ea/1 e holy man respect$ ! life ( an ant z mu* z ( an elephant4 ,zoroa/] alone bann$ ! reptile & ! major "p ( ! insect _w4 ,no p5ance 0 m salut>y ?an to kill t5 ?\s& scorpions1 snakes1 mosquitoes1 ants t walk 9 s+le file1 h>ve/+ ants1 wasps1 or a k9d ( fly :i* 0 ! v dea? ( cattle4 ,! innoc5t liz>d suff]$ by reason ( 8 relation%ip ) ! crocodile2 ! h>mless frog & tortoise excit$ a wra? :i* !y _h done no?+ to m]it4 ,among mammals1 ! m\se is s+l$ out = de/ruction3 al?\gh ! wolf is a legion>y ( ,ahriman1 he is m (t5 class$ ) ! 8wick$ two-legg$ "o0--p]v]se man--?an ) ! evil creation prop]ly s call$4 ,9 "o place ,ahriman is said to h creat$ 8dev\r+ bea/s10 b on clos] exam9ation ^! dev\r+ bea/s prov$ to be only ! h>ve/+ ants :i* 7 reckon$ deadly foes ( ! agriculturi/4 ,any "o :o has se5 h[ mu* newly-s[n grass se$ ^! fav\rites ( ,solomon w remove 9 a %9+ h\r w und]/& ! prejudice1 ?\gh he w n1 ,i hope1 %>e x4 ,r\ghly speak+1 ! dilig5t1 old-fa%ion$ g>d5] :o puzzles 8 pi\s m9d z to :y 8^? ?+s0 7 ev] creat$1 is a born ,zoroa/rian4 ,to tell him ) ,paul t 8e creature ( ,god is good0 does n com=t him mu*4 ,zoroa/]'s answ] is z philosophically complete z x is sci5tifically weak4 ,c]ta9 creatures are noxi\s to man2 a good ,creator w\ld n h made creatures noxi\s to m51 ergo1 su* creatures 7 n made by a good ,creator4 ,besides ! sci5tific objection to any h>d-&-fa/ l9e ( division betwe5 animals1 !re is ano!r3 ! pity ( x4 ,i wond] t "s velvet-coat$ field-m\se1 approa*+ s(tly on tip-toe z ,zoroa/] lay 9 8 grotto1 did n inquire ) its appeal+ eyes3 8,d y really ?9k t ,i look z if ,i 7 made by ! ,evil ,"o80 ,9 spite ( ! num]\s advantages ( a !ory :i*1 9 a lit]al s5se1 makes a virtue ( necessity 7a sad necessity to "s ( u71 ! !ological ban ( creatures = no o!r reason ?an t !y are inconv5i5t to man detracts f ! ideal beauty ( ,zoroa/rian fai?4 ,d>w91 9 a lett] to ,asa ,gray1 ! ,am]ican botani/1 said t ! suff]+s ( cat]pill>s & mice made him d\bt ! exi/5ce ( 8a b5efic5t & omnipot5t ,creator40 ,h[ (t5 does d\bt seem m religi\s ?an belief6 ,! es*atology ( ! creatures deem$ ( d>kness is n cle>1 b ,i believe !re is no m5tion ( _! ,frava%is3 x is p]missible to suppose1 !re=e1 t1 all along1 !y are r appe>ances ?an realities3 ?+s t _c feel1 ?\gh ,ahriman feels defeat 9 _! de/ruction4 ,= ! re/1 ?\gh ,zoroa/] treat$ wasps or mice mu* z ,torquemada treat$ h]etics1 he made x no m]it to torm5t !m3 he simply desir$ _! ext]m9ation z e fruit-gr[] or f>m] desires x to ?is day4 ,/ud5ts ( ,zoroa/rianism h be5 my/ifi$ by ! seem+ deta*m5t ( ! dog f ! o!r 8good0 animals & ! sep>ate jurisdiction design$ = x4 ,9 my op9ion ?is arose only f ! fact t ! dog 0 n a food-provid+ animal4 ,h5ce x c\ld be made p5al 7by religi\s1 n by civil1 law1 x mu/ be rememb]$7 to kill a dog1 & x 0 natural t 8 body %\ld be dispos$ ( 9 ! same way z a man's4 ,:at else c\ld be done ) x8 ,x 0 natural also t s9ce 8 dea? 0 inflict$ by ,ahriman 7s9ce x came ( itself71 purification c]emonials %\ld be p]=m$ to remove ! pollution4 ,! religi\s scope ( su* c]emonials 0 l t ( reconsecrat+ a *ur* 9 :i* suicide or murd] has be5 committ$4 ,t ! dog 0 highly appreciat$1 t he 0 valu$ z an ess5tial help] 9 ! exi/+ conditions ( life1 is amply prov$1 b t he 0 8rev]5c$0 m ?an "s o!r animals--e4g41 ! c[--is op5 to d\bt4 ,! dog 0 recognis$ z m human :i* made him m liable to err4 ,x 0 ! celebrat$ *apt] on ! dog :i* conv9c$ ,sir ,w4 ,jones t ,anquetil ,dup]ron's translation 0 a =g]y4 ,x %\ld h /ruck him t ?is 0 n h[ a ,european w\ld h made ,zoroa/] speak ab\t ! fav\r$ animal4 ,9 ! comp>isons ( can9e qualities ) ^? ( c]ta9 human be+s1 !re is m ( satire ?an ( panegyric4 ,! :ole ,f>g>d ,,xiii4 has be5 int]pret$ z purely my/ical3 ! dog symbolis+ ! 8w10 a mean+ :i*1 accord+ to ?is argum5t1 fits ! t]m 8,dog0 9 all passages ( ! scriptures ( ,iran4 ,?is is a h>d say+4 ,m reasonable is ! supposition t ,f>g>d ,,xiii4 =m$ "p ( a treatise on animals & got into ! ,v5ddd by *ance4 ,h[ev] t may be1 ! 8eight *>act]s0 ( ! dog %[ obs]vation ?\gh n rev]5ce3 he loves d>kness l a ?ief1 & at times has be5 kn[n to be "o2 he fawns l a slave1 he is a self-seek] l a c\rtezan1 he eats raw meat l a bea/ ( prey4 ,! words relative to 8 8*as+ ab\t ! well-born c[0 h be5 int]pret$ to mean t he *as$ h] back home :5 %e _h /ray$1 b ,i seem to h se5 dogs *as+ ab\t well-born c[s f no su* b5evol5t motive4 ,"s ( ! comp>isons are nei!r flatt]+ nor critical b descriptive3 ! dog loves %eep l a *ild1 he runs "h & !re 9 front1 l a *ild2 he dodges 9 & out l a *ild4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,real ,,dog ,,( ,,iran4 ,l\vre4 7,by p]mission ( ,messrs4 ,*apman ,hall1 ,ltd47 ,! jeu d'esprit ( ! 8eight *>act]s0 is foll[$ by :at appe>s to be a s]i\s /atem5t ( h[ to treat ! dog :i* misconducts himself4 ,!re is no capital puni%m5t1 no?+ l ! /on+ ( ! ox :i* gores a man or woman1 9 ! ,bible4 ,if a dog attacks man or cattle he is to lose an e>2 if he does x a ?ird "t 8 foot is to be cut (f1 or1 z ,bleeck humanely sugge/s1 he is to be r5d]$ s f> lame t x is easy to escape f him4 ,! 8dumb dog0 ( vici\s disposition is to be ti$ up4 ,if a dog is no long] sane 9 8 m9d & has become dang]\s on t acc\nt1 y are to try & cure him z y w\ld a man1 b if ?is fails1 y mu/ *a9 him up & muzzle him1 us+ a sort ( wood5 pillory :i* prev5ts him f bit+4 ,?is passage is curi\s1 because1 :ile x seems to allude pla9ly to hydrophobia1 x conta9s no h9t ( ! wors] consequ5ces to man ?an a simple bite4 ,we f9d t !re 7 f\r if n m bre$s ( dogs1 ea* ( :i* 0 c>efully tra9$ = its "w4 ,! h\se-dog1 ! p]sonal dog 7:i* may h be5 a blood-h\nd71 %eep & h]d-dogs are all m5tion$1 b !re is no m5tion ( sport+-dogs or ( sport 9 ! ,ave/a4 ,! dogs mu/ h be5 p[]ful1 z !y 7 requir$ to be a mat* = ! wolf1 8! gr[+1 ! flatt]+1 ! deadly wolf10 :i* 0 ! dread ( e home/ead 9 ,iran4 ,!re 7 also 8wolves ) claws0 7tig]s71 b !y 7 comp>atively few4 ,! k9%ip ( wolf & dog 0 recognis$1 & !re 0 an impression t ! mo/ murd]\s wolf 0 ! half-bre$ ( a wolf & a bit*4 ,p]haps ! wolf ( dog-desc5t came m boldly to ! dwell+ ( man1 hav+ no in/9ctive fe> ( him4 ,x is said1 too1 t ! deadlie/ k9d ( dog 0 ! dog t _h a wolf-"m4 ,possibly su* cross-bre$+ 0 tri$ exp]im5tally 9 ! hope ( obta9+ dogs :i* c\ld be/ resi/ ! wolf4 ,if ! dog is nev] repres5t$ z a creature ( faultless p]fection1 x yet rema9s an e/abli%$ tru? t 8dwell+s w\ld n /& fa/ on ! e>? creat$ by ,ahura ,mazda 7 !re n dogs :i* p]ta9 to ! cattle & to ! village40 ,x is ! ,"l ( ,creation :o says3 8,! dog ,i h made1 ,o ,z>a?u/ra1 ) 8 own clo?+ & 8 own %oes2 ) ke5 sc5t & %>p tee?1 fai?ful to m51 z a protector to ! folds4 ,= ,i h made ! dog1 ,i :o am ,ahura ,mazda60 ,to attack ! dog 0 l an attack on ! police4 ,slitt+ ! e> ( ! h\se or %eep-dog out ( malice1 or cutt+ (f 8 foot1 or belab\r+ him s t ?ieves got at ! %eep1 7 n unfrequ5t crimes & !y are dealt ) no m sev]ely ?an !y des]ve4 ,:o kill$ a h\se-dog outright1 or a %eep-dog or p]sonal dog or well-tra9$ dog1 0 w>n$ t 9 ! next _w 8 s\l w\ld g h[l+ worse ?an a wolf 9 ! dep?s ( ! =e/2 %unn$ by all o!r s\ls1 gr[l$ at by ! dogs t gu>d ! bridge ,*9vat4 ,eight hundr$ bl[s ) a horse-goad are adjudg$ to ! wret* :o s injures a dog t x die4 ,to /rike or *ase a bit* ) "y br+s a dreadful curse4 ,mu* is said ab\t ! prop] c>e ( ! "m & ! puppies4 ,to give a dog too hot food or too h>d bones is z bad z turn+ apo/ate4 ,8 "r food is milk & fat & lean meat4 8,( all kn[n creatures t :i* ages soone/ is ! dog left foodless among p :o eat--:o seeks "h & !re 8 food & f9ds x n40 ,z a rule unnam$ wild animals may be suppos$ to h be5 protect$4 ,! fox 0 consid]$ a p[]ful daeva-sc>]1 :i* %[s t n only 9 ,*9a did ! fox seem an 8uncanny0 bea/4 ,9 ,iran 8 sup]natural s]vices made him highly e/eem$4 ,!re seem to h be5 no cats ?\gh s _m mice4 ,! lat] ,iran 0 de/9$ to be a great admir] ( cats1 witness ! praise ( !m by ,p]sian poets1 b x is n easy to fix ! date :5 !y 7 introduc$4 ,monkeys 7 kn[n & 7 attribut$ by a po/-,ave/ic sup]/ition to ! union ( human wom5 & daevas4 ,vultures 7 sacr$ because !y dev\r$ good ,mazdeans4 ,on ! :ole1 n mu* att5tion 0 paid to wild nature1 ) "o /rik+ exception3 ! extraord9>y respect = ! wat]-dog1 beav] or ott]4 ,sudd5ly ! solid utilit>ian basis ( ,zoroa/rian zoology gives way & we behold a fabric ( dreams4 ,we might und]/& x bett] c\ld we "k ! e>ly animi/ic beliefs ( ,iran1 ?\gh ! tr5d ( ! ,ave/a app>5tly ran c\nt] to old popul> cr$5ces f> m ?an ) !m4 ,x %\ld be rememb]$ t wat] 0 only a little less sacr$ ?an fire 9 ! ,zoroa/rian sy/em2 ! defilem5t ( riv]s 0 /rictly =bidd54 ,! ,udra1 or beav]1 became ! 8luck0 ( ! riv]s3 to de/roy x w\ld provoke a dr\ght4 ,if x 0 f\nd roam+ on ! l&1 ! ,mazdean 0 b\nd to c>ry x to ! ne>e/ /ream4 ,9 lat] leg5d1 ! ,udra1 ev5 m ?an ! fox1 0 a daeva-foe4 ,b by f> its mo/ important *>act]i/ic is its my?ical connexion ) ! dog4 ,to ! "q3 8,:at becomes ( ! ag$ dog :5 8 /r5g? fails him & he dies80 foll[s ! answ]3 8,he goes to ! dwell+ 9 ! wat]1 :]e he is met by two wat]-dogs40 ,^! are 8 conductors to ! dogs' p>adise4 ,a fair sw>d b5ea? ! wat]s1 cool & fre% 9 ! summ] heat1 is at lea/ a pleasant idea1 b :5 ! two wat]-dogs are describ$ z consi/+ ( "o ?\s& male & "o ?\s& female dogs1 ! my? seems to lose its balance :i* no prop] my? ought to d4 ,my?s h ! habit ( proce$+ rationally en\gh 9 _! own orbit4 ,lat] comm5tators reject ?is fanta/ic int]pretation & suppose ! v]se to mean t ! dog-s\l is receiv$1 n by two1 b by two ?\s& wat]-dogs1 :i* 9 ,ori5tal hyp]bole w\ld mean m]ely 8a great _m40 ,be ?is z x may1 ,udra-murd] 0 a frightful s91 & frightful 7 ! p5alties atta*$ to x4 ,besides und]go+ ! usual bl[s ) a horse-goad 7to be self inflict$87 ! murd]] mu/ kill t5 ?\s& ea* ( "s half-doz5 insects & reptiles3 ?is1 at lea/1 is h[ x looks1 b z a matt] ( fact ! long li/s ( p5alties 9 ! ,v5ddd mu/ be tak5 n z cumulative1 b z alt]native4 ,?is is evid5t1 ?\gh x is nev] /at$1 & x expla9s _m ?+s4 ,a l>ge numb] ( ! alt]native puni%m5ts = beav]-kill+ take ! =m ( (f]+s to ! prie/s4 ,arms1 :ips1 gr9d/ones1 h&mills1 h\se-matt+1 w9e & food1 a team ( ox51 cattle bo? small & l>ge1 a suitable wife--! "y si/] ( ! s9n]--^! are among ! specifi$ (f]+s4 ,! culprit may also build a bridge1 or bre$ f\rte5 dogs z an act ( expiation2 9 %ort1 he may d any k9d ( m]itori\s de$1 b some?+ he mu/ d1 or x w be ! worse = him 9 ! _w to come4 ,! ,v5ddd 0 n a code ( crim9al law en=c$ by ! civil p[]1 b an adjugation ( p5ances = ! atonem5t ( s94 ,?is 0 n und]/ood at fir/1 :i* caus$ ! selection ( puni%m5ts to appe> m extravagant ?an x really is4 ,= ! mo/ "p ! p5ances 7 active good works or ?+s :i* 7 reckon$ z su*4 ,*>ity & alms-giv+ 7 always contemplat$ among ! means ( grace1 & if !y 7 n dwelt ^u m cont9ually1 x 0 because !re exi/$ no?+ comp>able to mod]n de/itution4 ,moreov]1 x 0 und]/ood bett] ?an 9 o!r p>ts ( ! ,ea/ t n e begg> 0 a sa9t3 too (t5 he 0 a lazy fell[ :o _h %irk$ ! common obligation ( lab\r4 ,! repetition ( c]ta9 pray]s 0 ano!r practice recomm5d$ to ! rep5tant s9n]4 ,b no good "w or pi\s ex]cise 0 ( any avail unless accompani$ by s9c]e sorr[ = hav+ done wrong4 ,! ,law op5$ ! door ( grace1 b to obta9 x ! he>t mu/ h become *ang$4 ,god =gives ^? :o truly desire ,8 =giv5ess4 ,x is impossible to d\bt t ! spuri\s ,mazdeism :i* got into ,europe1 di/ort$ ?\gh x 01 yet took ) x ! two great ,mazdean doctr9es ( rep5tance & ! remission ( s94 ,great ideas conqu]1 & x 0 by ^! two doctr9es t ,mi?raism s ne>ly conqu]$ ! ,we/]n _w--n by its unlovely rites4 ,on "o or two po9ts ! human es*atology ( ,zoroa/rianism is associat$ ) dogs4 ,a dog is br\ght into ! pres5ce ( ! dy+ man4 ,?is has be5 expla9$ by ref]5ce to ! dogs ( ,yama1 ! ,v$ic "l ( dea?1 & ! ,european sup]/ition ab\t ! h[l+ ( a dog be+ a dea?-port5t is expla9$ 9 ! same way1 b 9 bo? in/ances ! imm$iate cause seems ne>] at h&4 ,an ,indian (fic] once rem>k$ to me t any "o :o _h he>d ! true 8dea?-h[l0 ( a dog w\ld nev] ne$ any recondite reason = ! uncom=table feel+ :i* x ar\ses4 ,z reg>ds ! ,zoroa/rian dog1 ! imm$iate cause ( ! belief t he drives away evil spirits lies 9 ! fact t he drives away ?ieves & pr[l]s 9 ! night4 ,dea? be+ a pollution z ! "w ( ,ahriman1 evil spirits beset ! dy+1 b !y flee at ! sight ( ! dog1 creat$ by ,ahura ,mazda to protect man4 ,! dead w&] = ?ree days ne> ! t5antless body3 !n !y g to ! bridge ,*9vat1 :]e ! division takes place betwe5 ! good & ! wick$4 ,! bridge is gu>d$ by dogs1 :o drive away all ?+s evil f ! pa? ( ! righte\s1 b d no?+ to prev5t bad spirits f tripp+ up s9n]s s t !y fall into ! pit4 ,! good g into light1 s9n]s into d>kness1 :]e ,ahriman1 8^: religion is evil10 mocks !m1 say+3 8,:y did y eat ! bread ( ,ahura ,mazda & d my "w8 & ?\ght n ( y\r own ,creator b practis$ my w80 ,no?+ is told ( ! puni%m5t ( ,ahriman--! doom ( ,evil is to be ,evil--b 9 ! end he w be utt]ly ext+ui%$4 ,?r\gh "t1 b n ?r\gh et]nity ! wick$ rema9 9 8 p[]4 ,9 ! ,khordah ,ave/a x is said t ,god1 aft] purify+ all ! ob$i5t1 w purify ! wick$ out ( hell4 ,9 ! words ( a liv+ ,p>si writ]3 8,! reign ( t]ror1 at ! end ( ! /ipulat$ "t1 vani%es into oblivion1 & its *ief factor1 ,ahriman1 goes to meet 8 doom ( total ext9ction1 :il/ ,ahura ,mazda1 ! ,omnipot5t ,victor1 rema9s ! ,great ,all 9 ,all40 ,! ,zoroa/rian 0 z free z ,socrates himself f ! mat]ialism :i* looks ^u ! body aft] dea? z if x 7 /ill ! be+ t t5ant$ x4 ,"s k9d ( r5ew$ body ! dead w h3 mean:ile1 ?is is n !y6 ,! hope ( immortality 0 s firm t x 0 ?\ght an actual s9 to give way to excessive m\rn+3 ! wail+ & ke5+ ( ! ,jews seem to be "h condemn$1 ?\gh !y are n m5tion$1 !re be+ no direct allusion to ! religions ( o!r peoples 9 ! ,ave/a4 ,!re is a riv] ( human te>s :i* h9d]s s\ls on _! way to beatitude3 ! dead w\ld fa9 t ! liv+ *eck _! te>s :i* swell ! riv] & make x h>d to cross ov] 9 safety4 ,! same idea is to be f\nd 9 "o ( ! mo/ beautiful ( ,sc&9avian folk-songs4 ,! small "w kn[n z ! ,book ( ,ard ,vrf is a docum5t ( priceless wor? to ! /ud5t ( ,mazdean es*atology1 & x is also ( ! greate/ int]e/ 9 its relation to ideas ab\t animals4 ,if pr9t$ 9 a conv5i5t =m1 e humane p]son w\ld c>ry x 9 8 pocket4 ,l ! vision ( ! ,se] ( ,patmos ?is "w is purely religi\s2 x attempts no criticism ( life & man su* z t embodi$ 9 ! 8,div9a ,comm$ia10 b 9 spite ( ?is diff]5ce 9 aim1 !re is an a/oni%+ resemblance betwe5 its g5]al plan & t ( ! poem ( ,dante4 ,)\t go+ into ?is subject1 ,i may say t ,i _c feel conv9c$ t ) ! geographical1 a/ronomical1 & o!r k ( ! ,ea/ :i* is believ$ to h rea*$ ,dante by means ( conv]sations ) m]*ants1 pilgrims & p]haps craftsm5 7= t ,italian arti/s work$ 9 ,india at an e>ly date ! ,madonna-l gr\ps 9 _m a remote ,h9du temple be> almo/ c]ta9 te/imony71 !re did n come to him also "s report ( ! travels ( ! ,p]sian visitant to ! next _w4 ,! au?or ( ! ,p]sian vision 0 a pi\s ,mazdean ^: :ole desire 0 to revive religi\s feel+ amid gr[+ indiff]5ce4 ,he is suppos$ to h liv$ n e>li] ?an #ejj1 & n lat] ?an #gjj ,a4,d4 ,! =m] is ! likeli] date4 ,_h ! assault ( ,islam begun1 ! book mu/ h borne traces ( ! /ruggle ) invad]s :o ?reat5$ to annihilate ! fai?4 ,! au?or /ates t ! "w 0 int5d$ z an antidote 9 ! fir/ place to a!ism & 9 ! second to 8! religions ( _m k9ds0 t 7 spr++ up4 ,?is probably conta9s a ref]5ce to ,*ri/ian sects1 b x is n ! way t allusion w\ld h be5 made to propag&i/s ) a sword 9 _! h&s4 ,*ri/ian sects manag$ to recov] f ! fir/ p]secution 9 #cdd ,a4,d41 aft] :i* !y 7 m (t5 ?an n tol]at$1 ?\gh ! ,zoroa/rian prie/hood fe>$ a ,*ur* t possess$ an organisation s mu* l _! own4 ,!y 7 accus$1 moreov]1 z at ,rome1 ( be+ anti-national3 ev]y:]e ! s5tim5t aga9/ ! ,*ri/ians took a =m closely resembl+ ! anti-,semiticism ( our days4 ,su* accusations c h>dly fail to create1 to "s ext5t1 ! ?+ !y pr$icate1 & x is no great wond] if 9 ! end ! ,p]sian ,*ri/ians receiv$ ! ,moslem invad]s ) fav\r4 ,?\gh ! ess5ce ( ,mazdeism is peace to m5 ( good-w1 x is to be fe>$ t ! ,zoroa/rian prie/s 7l o!rs7 7 less tol]ant ?an _! cre$1 & t ! h>ass+ ( ! ,*ri/ians g5]ally orig9at$ ) !m4 ,!y are kn[n to h c\nsell$ ?is policy to ,homizd ,,iv41 :o gave !m ! memorable answ] t 8 royal ?rone c\ld n /& on its front legs alone1 b ne$$ ! support ( ! ,*ri/ians & o!r sect>ies z well z ( ! fai?ful4 ,x 0 "o ( ! wise/ say+s t ev] fell f ! lips ( a k+ & m ,mazdean ?an all ! bigotry ( ,zoroa/rian cl]icalism4 ,! au?or ( ,ard ,vrf tri$ ! p]fectly legitimate means ( p]suasion 9 rally+ 8 c\ntrym5 to _! own religion4 ,he tells ! /ory ( h[1 9 an age ( d\bt1 x 0 agre$ t ! be/ ?+ w\ld be to s5d "s "o into ! next _w to see if ,mazdeism 71 inde$1 ! true religion4 ,lots fell on a v virtu\s man nam$ ,ard ,vrf1 :o 0 commission$ to make ! j\rney 9 a trance-/ate produc$ by ! adm9i/ration ( a n>cotic4 ,ev5 n[1 9 ,india1 *ildr5 & o!rs are giv5 n>cotics1 sometimes ( a dang]\s sort1 9 ord] to obta9 k :i* is suppos$ to come to !m :il/ ins5sible4 ,to a ,mazdean ! ordeal w\ld be p>ticul>ly t]rible1 because sleep1 l dea?1 0 creat$ by ,ahriman4 ,! calm =titude ) :i* ,ard ,vrf submits1 :ile 8 family break into l\d weep+1 almo/ rem9ds "o ( ! be>+ ( ,socrates on ! eve ( a simil> dep>ture b "o ) no return4 8,x is ! cu/om t ,i %\ld pray to ! dep>t$ s\ls & make a w10 he says2 8:5 ,i h done t1 give me ! n>cotic40 ,8 body 0 treat$ z ?\gh dead1 be+ kept at ! prop] di/ance f fire & o!r sacr$ ?+s1 b prie/s /ay$ ne> x night & day1 pray+ & read+ ! ,scriptures1 t ! p[]s ( ill might n prevail4 ,at ! end ( sev5 days ! w&]+ _s ( ,ard ,vrf re-ent]$ 8 inanimate =m1 & aft] he _h tak5 food & wat] & w9e he call$ = a ready writ]1 to :om he dictat$ ! tale ( :at he _h se54 ,guid$ by ,sro% ! ,pi\s & ,at>o ! ,angel 7,virgil & ,beatrice7 ! travell] visit$ heav5 & hell4 ,at ! outset he saw ! meet+ ( a righte\s s\l & its ,frava%i4 ,?is s\l crosses ! ,*9vat bridge 9 safety1 & on ! o!r side passes into an atmosph]e lad5 ) an ineffably sweet p]fume :i* emanates f ! direction ( ! pres5ce ( ,god4 ,"h x meets a damsel m wondr\sly fair ?an aught x has beheld 9 ! l& ( ! liv+4 ,enraptur$ at ! sight1 x asks h] "n & receives ! answ]3 8,i am ?9e own good actions40 ,e good de$ embelli%es ! human s\l's ar*etype1 e evil de$ m>s & /a9s x ) ! hide\sness ( s94 ,?is poetic & beautiful conception 0 n due to ! au?or ( ,ard ,vrf3 x is tak5 f ! v5]able pages ( ! ,ave/a itself4 ,9 ! abode ( ,puni%m5t ! mo/ impressive p5alties are ^? und]gone by ! s\ls :i* h tortur$ helpless infants or dumb animals4 ,! "m :o fe$s ano!r's *ild f gre$ & />ves h] own1 is se5 digg+ into an iron hill ) h] brea/s :ile ! cry ( h] *ild = food comes ev] f ! o!r side ( ! hill1 8b ! infant comes n to ! "m nor ! "m to ! infant40 ,"h ! supreme angui% is m5tal3 x is caus$ by ! awak5+ ( t mat]nal in/9ct :i* ! woman /ifl$ on e>?4 ,has ! ,inf]no any ?\ght s lum9\sly subtle z ?is8 ,! woman-s\l w nev] rea* h] *ild 8till ! r5ewal ( ! _w40 ,till ! r5ewal ( ! _w6 ,across ! hell-fog p5etrates ! f9al hope6 ,! unfai?ful wife :o de/roys ! fruit ( h] illicit love suff]s a horrible puni%m5t4 ,x is /range t if we wi% to f9d an analogy to ^! sev]e judgm5ts on (f5ces aga9/ infancy1 we mu/ g to a small tribe ( ,dravidian m\nta9e]s 9 ! ,nilgiri hills1 among ^: folk-songs is "o :i* describes a vision ( heav5 & hell4 ,9 ?is a woman is %[n :o is condemn$ to see h] own *ild cont9ually die1 because %e refus$ help to a /rang]'s *ild1 say+3 8,x is n m9e60 ,^? :o treat$ _! bea/s cruelly1 :o ov]work$ !m1 ov]load$ !m1 gave !m insuffici5t food1 cont9u$ to "w !m :5 !y suff]$ f sores caus$ by leanness in/ead ( try+ to cure ! sores1 are se5 by ,ard ,vrf hung up head d[nw>ds :ile a ceaseless ra9 ( /ones falls on _! backs4 ,^? :o wantonly kill$ animals h a knife driv5 ceaselessly into _! he>ts4 ,^? :o muzzl$ ! ox :i* pl\gh$ ! furr[s are da%$ "u ! feet ( cattle4 ,! same puni%m5t falls to ^? :o =get to give wat] to ! ox5 9 ! heat ( ! day or :o work$ !m :5 hungry & ?ir/y4 ,demons l dogs con/antly te> ! man :o kept back food f %eph]ds'-dogs & h\se-dogs or :o beat or kill$ !m3 he (f]s bread to ! dogs1 b !y eat x n & only te> ! m4 ,ard ,vrf tells a /ory :i* belongs to ! cycle ( 8,sultan ,murad10 immortalis$ by ,victor ,hugo4 ,a c]ta9 lazy man nam$ ,davns1 :o nev] did any o!r ?+ ( good dur+ all ! ye>s :5 he gov]n$ _m prov9ces1 once ca/ a bundle ( grass ) 8 "r foot to )9 ! rea* ( a pl\gh+-ox4 ,h5ce 8 "r foot is exempt$ f torm5t :ile ! re/ ( 8 body is gnaw$ by noxi\s creatures4 ,x is easy to imag9e t ! reali/ic picture ( heav5 & hell by a poet ( no little p[] produc$ ! deepe/ effect on ! m9ds ( p1 :o = ! mo/ "p took x to be lit]ally true4 ,no ,ori5tal "w ev] became m popul> or 0 m widely read & translat$4 ,p /ill liv+ c rememb] ! "t :5 x 0 ! habit ( ! ,p>sis at ,bombay to h public read+s ( ,ard ,vrf1 on :i* occasions ! audi5ce1 especially ! fem99e "p ( x1 broke into viol5t sobb+ f ! excitem5t caus$ by ! description ( ! puni%m5t ( ! wick$4 ,! ,p>sis h ab&on$ n[ ! !ory t ! book is o!r ?an a "w ( imag9ation1 b x may be hop$ t !y w n cease to reg>d x z a *]i%$ legacy f _! fa!rs & a preci\s beque/ to _! *ildr54 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,viii ,a ,,religion ,,( ,,ru? ,,an ,engli%man :o w5t to see a ,h9du sa9t 0 det]r$ f ent]+ ! cave :]e ! holy man liv$ by ! spectacle ( num]\s rats4 ,! h]mit1 obs]v+ 8 hesitation1 inquir$ :at 0 ! matt]8 8,don't y see !m80 answ]$ 8 visitor4 8,yes10 0 ! brief reply4 8,:y don't y kill !m80 ask$ ! ,engli%man4 8,:y %\ld ,i kill !m80 said ! native ( ! l&4 ,f9d+ ! :ole onus ( ! discussion ?r[n on 8 %\ld]s1 ! ,engli% travell] felt t x w\ld be difficult ) 8 limit$ k ( ! language to express a ,european's ideas ab\t rats4 ,he ?\ght to sum up ! case 9 "o s5t5ce3 8,we p kill !m40 ,to :i* ! sa9t answ]$3 8,we p don't kill !m40 ,9 ano!r c\ntry1 b /ill among a race :i* has inh]it$ ! habit ( look+ at que/ions betwe5 man & animals n exclusively f ! man's po9t ( view1 a le>n$ pr(essor propos$ to an old g>d5] at ,yezd t !y %\ld dig up an ant-hill to asc]ta9 if ! local prejudice 7 true :i* insi/$ t inside ea* ant-hill !re lodg$ two scorpions4 ,! old ,p]sian decl9$ to be a p>ty to any su* proce$+4 8,z long z ! scorpions /ay inside10 he said ) decision1 8we h no "r to mole/ !m & to d s w\ld br+ ill-luck40 ,^! anecdotes %[1 amus+ly & conv9c+ly1 ! wall ( dem>cation betwe5 ,ea/]n & ,we/]n ?\ght by :i* ! son ( ! ,we/ is apt to f9d 8 passage b>r$4 ,!y s]ve my purpose 9 quot+ !m ! bett] because !y are n connect$ ) ! religi\s sect ^: precepts ,i am go+ to sket*4 ,!y illu/rate :at ,i believe to be true1 namely1 t ?is sect & ,buddhism itself w\ld n h made _! way 9 s wond]ful a mann]1 seem+ly almo/ )\t ef=t1 _h !y n f\nd ! gr\nd prep>$ by a racial t5d5cy to fly to ! doctr9e ( ,ahimsa1 or 8non-kill+10 :i* =ms "p ( _! sy/ems4 ,no religion prevails unless x appeals to "s *ord1 if n ( ! human he>t ev]y:]e1 at lea/ ( ! p>ticul> human he>ts to :i* x is direct$4 ,9 ! ,we/ a religion bas$ on ,veget>ianism w\ld n h a *ance4 ,n t !re exi/s no trace ( ! life-pres]v+ in/9ct among ,we/]n peoples--f> f t4 ,all nice *ildr5 h x & all sa9ts ( ! type ( him ( ,assisi4 ,o!r p h x :o are nei!r *ildr51 nor sa9ts1 nor yet lunatics 78?\gh by y\r smil+ y seem to say s074 ,i "k an old h]o ( ! ,siege ( ,delhi :o to ?is day w\ld /oop to lift a worm f 8 pa?4 ,b ! s5tim5t1 :i* 9 ! ,we/ is r a secret ?+1 =m+ a sort ( freemasonry among ^? :o feel x1 ass]ts its sway 9 ! ,ea/ 9 ! broad light ( day4 ,no "o !re w\ld m9d giv+ ! fulle/ publicity to 8 op9ion t ! scorpion has z good a "r to live undi/urb$ 9 8 dome/ic ant-hill z y h 9 y\r suburban villa4 ,long be=e ! ,ja9as made ,ahimsa a gateway to p]fection1 innum]able ,asiatics practis$ & ev5 prea*$ ! v same rule4 ,x 0 ! bond ( union betwe5 all ! religi\s tea*]s & ascetics :o con/itut$ a well-def9$ feature 9 ,indian life f remote if n f ! e>lie/ antiquity4 ,! f\nd]s ( ,ja9ism & ( ,buddhism1 too1 7 ,gurus l ! re/1 only !y possess$ an int5sifi$ magnetic influ5ce &1 at lea/ 9 ,buddha's case1 an unique g5ius4 ,e ,ea/]n religion has be5 taught by a ,guru1 n except+ ! mo/ div9e ( !m all4#d ,footnote #d3 8,x is /at$ ( ! ,div9e ,f\nd] ( ! ,*ri/ian religion t )\t a p>able spoke ,he n to ! p4 ,*ri/1 9 fact1 act$ & taught z an ,ori5tal ,guru1 a "* :i* none ( ! ,european writ]s ( ,*ri/'s life has inve/$ ,him )0 7,rev4 ,j4 ,long3 v4 8,ori5tal ,prov]bs0 9 ! ,report ( ! ,proce$+s ( ! ,second ,congress ( ,ori5tali/s74 ,9 ! occurr5ce ( a new religi\s evolution mu* dep5ds on ! individual1 b mu* also on ! fulness ( "t4 ,:5 ,buddhism & ,ja9ism arose1 ! psy*ological mom5t 0 come = a *ange or modification 9 ! curr5t fai?4 ,to "s degree1 bo? 7 a revolt aga9/ ,sac]dotalism4 ,m5 7 told t !y c\ld "w out _! salvation )\t prie/ly aid or int]v5tion4 ,! new tea*]s1 ?\gh ea* spr++ f ! class ( ! feudal nobility1 won to _! side ! surg+ wave ( ! only k9d ( democratic ye>n+ :i*1 till n[1 ,asia has kn[n--! ye>n+ = religi\s equality4 ,pr(essor ,h]mann ,jacobi 7! =emo/ au?ority on ,ja9ism1 to :om all :o /udy ! subject owe an unb\nd$ debt7 sugge/s t !re 0 a c]ta9 friction betwe5 ! highly m]itori\s ( ! noble & ! prie/ly ca/es because ! prie/s 7 incl9$ to look d[n on ! layman sa9t4 ,to ?is category belong$ ,sakya ,muni1 :o 0 ! y\ng] son ( a pr9ce1 or1 z we %\ld say1 a feudal "l1 & :o r5\nc$ rank & ri*es to become a recluse4 ,! same family hi/ory is told ( ,mahavira1 :om ! ,ja9as claim to be _! f\nd]4 ,= a long "t ,europeans believ$ ! two religions to h b "o s\rce1 & ,ja9ism 0 dismiss$ z a ,buddhi/ sect4 ,! ,ja9as1 h[ev]1 always /rongly held t !y _h a f\nd] ( _! own1 namely1 ,mahavira1 & !y ev5 decl>$ t ,buddha 0 n 8 ma/] b 8 disciple4 ,aft] mu* rese>*1 ,pr(essor ,jacobi decid$ ! case 9 _! fav\r by assign+ to !m a sep>ate orig94 ,bo? ,sakya ,muni & ,mahavira are g5]ally believ$ to h fl\ri%$ 9 ! six? c5tury ,b4,c4 ,! confusion ( ! ,ja9as ) ! ,buddhi/s & ev5 ) ! ,brahmans has made x difficult to reckon _! pres5t numb]s3 9 ! c5sus ( #aija !y are e/imat$ at #a1ccd1ach1 *iefly liv+ 9 ! ,bombay ,presid5cy1 b ?is does n tell u _! real numb]4 ,ja9as are to be f\nd almo/ ev]y:]e 9 ,upp] ,india1 9 ! ,we/ & ,s\? & along ! ,ganges4 ,!y inhabit ! t[ns m ?an ! c\ntry4 ,9 treat+ anci5t ,indian religions ! liv+ docum5t is always r\nd ! corn]1 ready to be call$ into ! witness-box1 & ! ,ja9as ( to-day c give a good acc\nt ( !mselves4 ,e "o has a good ^w = !m2 a fri5d ( m9e1 ?an :om few "k ,india bett]1 describes !m ?us3 8,a tall1 fair1 h&some1 good & humble lot !y are & t]ribly bulli$ !y are by _! m bellicose fell[-c\ntrym51 :o all look on ,ja9as z made = !m to pilf]1 b ! ,ja9as nev] turn on _! p]secutors40 ,9 spite ( _! meekness1 !y are good m5 ( bus9ess1 :i* is prov$ by _! rem>kable success 9 comm]ce4 ,p]haps x is n su* bad policy to be peaceful1 & helpful1 & hone/ z a cynical c5tury supposes4 ,! ,ja9as say ( ,mahavira t he 0 "o ( a long l9e ( holy ascetics tw5ty-f\r ( :om are v5]at$ 9 _! temples "u ! "n ( ,tir?ak>as or ,j9as1 8,conqu]ors0 9 ! s5se ( hav+ conqu]$ ! fle%4 ,ne$less to po9t out t ! f\nd]s ( great religi\s sy/ems inv>iably accept ?is pr9ciple ( evolution3 !y complete :at o!rs began1 & 9 due "t a new manife/ation w arrive ei!r 9 ! =m ( a m p]fect revelation ( !mselves or 9 t ( a =e-de/9$ successor4 ,! ,buddhi/s n[ await ,matreya1 or 8! ,buddha ( k9dness40 ,! ,ja9as h n add$ to _! tw5ty-f\r glorifi$ be+s1 b !re is no?+ to prev5t !m f do+ s4 ,to ^! specim5s ( p]fect$ humanity !y h rais$ "s ( ! mo/ glori\s temples ev] lift$ by ! h& ( man t[>ds heav54 ,ti] on ti] m\nt ! exquisitely beautiful t[]s ( ! ,ja9a ca!drals 9 ! mo/ lonely "p ( ! ,muklag]ri hills4 ,!y seem l ! ,p>sifal music turn$ into /one3 an allegory ( ! asc5t ( ! s\l f corruption to incorruption1 f *ange to p]man5cy4 ,! desire to wor%ip some?+ f9ds a v5t 9 ! rev]5ce paid to ! ,tir?ak>as1 b ! ,ja9a religion admits nei!r relics nor ! it]ation ( pray]s4 ,! build+ ( spl5did %r9es & ( refuges = man & bea/ are ! p>ticul> means ( grace op5 to ! ,ja9a :o _c comply 9 all respects ) ! exact+ dem&s ( 8 scriptures1 :i*1 7 !y lit]ally fulfill$1 w\ld leave no "o on ! _w b ascetics4 ,! weal?y ,ja9a is only too glad to avail himself ( ! *ance ( acquir+ "s m]it1 h[ev] f> x mu/ fall %ort ( ! highe/4 ,besides ?is1 9 mom5ts ( religi\s f]v\r temple-build+ becomes a fr5zy3 :ole races are swept along by ! bl9d impulse to inc>nate _! spiritual crav+s 9 spires or pagodas or m9>ets po9t+ to ! sky--! et]nal symbol4 ,! greate/ ( ,ja9a temples m>k ! epo* ( "s su* wave ( spiritual emotion4 ,! ,ja9a scriptures1 :i* 7 fir/ collect$ f aural report & writt5 d[n by a le>n$ man 9 ! six? c5tury ,a4,d41 are really a ,rule ( ,discipl9e = monks1 & n a guide = ! mass ( mank9d4 ,if we c\ld imag9e ! only ,*ri/ian ,scripture be+ ! immortal book ( ,?omas ,kempis1 we %\ld =m ! idea ( a v simil> /ate ( ?+s4 ,x is surpris+ n h[ little b h[ mu* ( ?is rigid rule is foll[$ by e ,ja9a to ?is day1 be he monk or layman4 ,! veget>ian pr9ciple involv$ 9 ,ahimsa is obs]v$ rigor\sly by all--cle>ly ) no bad effect on heal? aft] a trial ( ab\t tw5ty-f\r c5turies1 = ! ,ja9as' physique is excell5t1 & !y are less subject to disease ?an ! o!r communities4 ,!y /ra9 & boil wat] be=e dr9k+1 & :atev] may be said ( ! motive1 ! practice mu/ be highly comm5d$4 ,!y are also (t5 to be se5 we>+ a m\?-clo? to prev5t !m f swall[+ flies1 & !y c>ry little brooms ) :i* !y sweep insects out ( _! pa?4 ,! hospitals = sick animals beg9 to be bett] manag$ ?an =m]ly1 :5 !y incurr$ mu* c5sure z m]e conglom]ations ( hopeless suff]+ to relieve :i* practical means 7 n tak54 ,a folly adopt$ by ! m fanatical ,ja9as at ! "t ( _! orig9 0 t ( go+ 8sky-clad10 :i* makes x probable t !y 7 ! gymnosophi/s kn[n to ! ,greeks4 ,!y saw well lat] to limit ?is practice to c]ta9 times & occasions or to ab&on x = ! f> m pleasant "o ( we>+ :ite g>m5ts4 ,buddha w>n$ 8 foll[]s aga9/ ! 8sky-clad0 ab]ration4 ,he disagre$ ) ! ,ja9as on a m vital po9t 9 ! view he took ( p5ance & self-inflict$ torture4 ,x %[s ! high intellectuality ( ! man t t[>ds ! end ( 8 life he pron\nc$ p5ance1 ?\gh he _h gone ?r\gh mu* ( x himself1 to be vanity ( vanities4 ,! ,ja9as took ! opposite view3 8,subdue ! body j z fire consumes old wood40 ,!y hold t m]it is b\nd up ) a c]ta9 def9ite & tangible ?+3 ! ,buddhi/1 m philosophically1 makes x consi/ 9 int5tion4 ,?is is ! *ief doctr9al diff]5ce betwe5 ,ja9a & ,buddhi/1 & ?\gh ea* is b\nd to *>ity & ! ,ja9a is p>ticul>ly enjo9$ by 8 scriptures n to turn o!r p's religion into ridicule1 x has to be confess$ t 9 _! frequ5t disputes !y sp>e no pa9s & neglect no arts ( ,socratic reason+ to r$uce ea* o!r's !ories to an absurdity4 ,irony is a weapon always us$ 9 ,indian religi\s discussion4 ,mahavira himself 8fulfill$ ! law0 by all[+ gnats1 flies1 & o!r ?+s to bite him & crawl ov] him = f\r mon?s )\t ev] once los+ 8 equanimity4 ,x is told t he met all sorts ( pleasant or unpleasant ev5ts ) an ev5 m9d :e!r !y arose f div9e p[]s1 m51 or animals4 ,! ,ja9as did n d5y t !re 7 div9e p[]s3 !re might be any numb] ( !m1 & ! influ5ce !y wield$ = good or = ill 7,i ?9k especially = ill7 0 n inconsid]able4 ,only !y 7 n morally admirable l a man victori\s ?r\gh suff]+4 ,! great] will+ness ( ! ,ja9as to admit gods into ! :eel ( be+1 & ev5 to all[ "s homage to be paid to !m1 0 "o reason :y !y cla%$ less ) ! ,brahmans4 ,aft] ! subsid5ce ( ,buddhism ! ,ja9as manag$ to g on exi/+1 some:at despis$ & annoy$1 b tol]at$4 ,:ile bo? ,buddhi/s & ,ja9as place ! prohibition to take life at ! head ( _! law1 its application is inf9itely m ?or\ghgo+ among ! ,ja9as1 :o also atta* to x ideas :i* h no place 9 ,buddhi/ metaphysics4 ,f ! ,ja9a position1 x seems to imply a t5d5cy to primitive animism1 ?\gh x is h>d to say :e!r ?is comes f a real process ( retrogression or simply f ! ,indo-,aryan desire = a syn!sis--! m easily atta9$ ! m y assume4 ,x is />tl+ to he> t 9 ! la/ c5sus ov] eight millions 7 return$ z animi/s--x proves t ! old cr$5ces die h>d4 ,! ,ja9as took into _! s\l-_w fire1 wat]1 w9d1 %oot+ plants & g]m9at+ se$s4 ,! discipl9>y results mu/ h be5 inconv5i5t1 b a religion 0 nev] less popul> because x put its devotees to inconv5i5ce4 ,^? :o /ill clung to animi/ic beliefs 7 already prep>$ to see a s\l 9 ! flick]+ fire1 ! ru%+ wat]1 ! gr[+ blade4 ,we all h odds & ends ( animism2 did n ,cov5try ,patmore say3 8,!re is some?+ human 9 a tree80 ,) m detail ! ,ja9a obs]ves t trees & plants are born & gr[ old2 !y di/+ui% ! seasons1 !y turn t[>ds ! sun1 ! se$s gr[ up3 h[1 !n1 %all we d5y all k to !m8 8,! asoka buds & blossoms :5 t\*$ by a fair girl's feet40 ,c we help recall+ ! famili> l9es 9 ! 8,s5sitive ,plant80-- 8,i d\bt n ! fl[]s ( t g>d5 sweet ,rejoic$ 9 ! s\nd ( h] g5tle feet2 ,i d\bt n !y felt ! _s t came ,f h] gl[+ f+]s ?ro' all _! frame40 ,n[1 ,sci5ce1 :i* is on ! way to becom+ v k9d to man's e>ly beliefs1 comes =w>d 9 ! p]son ( ,mr4 ,francis ,d>w9 to tell u t plants h 8m9d0 & 8intellig5ce10 especially ! hop & ! bryony4 ,all fairy-tales w come true if we wait long en\gh4 ,once1 & once only1 9 ,ja9a writ+s ,i h notic$ x giv5 z a di/9ct reason = sp>+ plants & trees1 t !y may conta9 ! transmigrat$ s\l ( a man4 ,ev5 9 ! case ( animals ! doctr9e ( transmigration is r>ely adduc$ z ! reason = n kill+ !m1 ?\gh x is fully accept$ by ,ja9as 9 common ) all ! ,indian sects sprung f ,brahmanism by :i* x 0 />t$4 ,com+ to ! ,indian views ( animals f ^? :i* antiquity repres5t$ z ! prea*+ ( ,py?agoras1 we expect to see ?is argum5t put =w>d at e turn1 b x is n4 ,9 ,ja9a writ+s ! inc5tive is humanity3 to d to o!rs z we w\ld be done by4 ,x is true t z an aid to ?is inc5tive1 ! cruel are ?reat5$ ) ! mo/ awful puni%m5ts4 ,9 ,indian sacr$ writ+s "o is we>i$ by ! nice balance con/antly drawn betwe5 e de$ & its consequ5ces to ! do] = a subsequ5t mill5nium4 ,9 m$ival monki% leg5ds we f9d exactly ! same device = keep+ ! adept 9 ! pa?s ( virtue1 b :]ev] we f9d x1 we sigh = ! spontane\s emotion ( pity ( ! ,good ,sam>itan :o nev] reflect$ 8,if ,i d n get (f my ass & g to help t ,jew1 h[ v bad x w be = my ,k>man60 ,we ought n to =get 9 ?is connexion t rew>ds & puni%m5ts h n ! same mean+ to ! ,indian z to u3 !y are n extrane\s prizes or p5alties1 b ! work+ out ( a ma!matical problem :i* we bo? set & solve = ourselves4 ,x is utt]ly impossible to escape f ! consequ5ces ( our evil acts3 !y are debts :i* mu/ be paid1 ?\gh we may set ab\t p]=m+ good acts :i* w make our future happ9ess exce$ our future mis]y 9 "t & ext5t4 ,! highe/ good comes ( itself1 automatically1 to him :o m]its x1 z is illu/rat$ ) great beauty 9 ! ,ja9a /ory ( ! ,:ite ,lotus4 ,?is fl[]1 ! symbol ( p]fection1 bloom$ 9 ! c5tre ( a pool & 0 descri$ by _m :o made viol5t ef=ts to rea* x1 b !y 7 all set fa/ 9 ! mud4 ,!n came a holy ascetic :o /ood motionless on ! bank4 8,o :ite ,lotus1 fly up60 he said1 & ! ,:ite ,lotus flew to 8 brea/4 ,ev5 among ,indian sects :i* all ab\nd 9 ?is k9d ( composition ! ,ja9as are rem>kable = _! weal? ( moral tales & apo!gms4 ,z is well kn[n1 !y possess a p>able call$ 8,! ,?ree ,m]*ants10 closely resembl+ ! p>able ( ! ,tal5ts z told by ,mat!w & ,luke1 & /ill m exactly agree+ ) ! v]sion giv5 9 ! s-call$ 8,gospel accord+ to ! ,hebrews40 ,! !ory ( ,k>man sugge/s sev]al mod]n sci5tific speculations su* z ! idea t ! bra9 reta9s an ineffaceable pr9t ( e impression receiv$ by x1 & aga91 ! extreme view ( h]$ity :i* makes ! individual ! moral & physical slave ( =m] g5]ations4 ,x is a !ory :i* has ! advantage ( dispos+ ( _m riddles4 ,diff]5t sects h slightly v>y+ op9ions ab\t ! nature ( ! ,k>man3 ! ,ja9as see 9 ?is receptacle ( good & evil de$s a mat]ial1 ?\gh sup]s5sual1 reality ) a physical basis4 ,ea* individual consi/s ( five p>ts3 ! visible body1 ! vital en]gy ?\ght to consi/ ( fire1 or1 z we might say1 ( electricity1 ! ,k>man & two sublim9al selves :i* appe> to be only lat5t 9 mo/ p]sons1 b by :i*1 :5 call$ into activity1 ! individual c trans=m himself1 travel to di/ances & d o!r unusual ?+s4 ,t ea* man is provid$ ) a wrai? or d\ble is an old & widely-spread belief2 b 9 ,we/]n lore ! d\ble does n seem to be comm&$ by its pair3 x r moves l an unconsci\s1 w&]+ photograph ( him4 ,! ,ja9as h ! same ^w = ! s\l & = life3 gva1 & ?is "n !y be/[ on ! :ole range ( ?+s :i* !y consid] z liv+3 ! elem5ts1 se$s1 plants1 animals1 m51 gods4 ,"o w\ld ?9k t ! s5se ( p]sonal id5tity w\ld become vague 9 ! contemplation ( voyages ov] s va/ a sea ( be+1 b1 on ! contr>y1 ?is id5tity is ! "o ?+ ab\t :i* ! individual seems p]fectly sure4 ,we h frequ5tly su* utt]ances z3 8,my own self is ! do] & ! undo] ( mis]y & happ9ess2 my own self is fri5d & foe40 ,a sort ( void seems spread r\nd ! individual :i* ev5 family affection1 v /rong ?\gh x has always be5 9 ,india1 is p[]less to bridge4 ,a lovely te/imony to ?is affection1 & at ! same "t an av[al ( its unavail+ness1 is to be f\nd 9 ! "o s+le exception to ! ,ja9a law t ! :olly virtu\s man mu/ desire no?+1 n ev5 ,nirvana mu/ he desire1 mu* less e>?ly love or fri5d%ip4 ,b he may desire to take ^u him ! pa9ful illness ( "o ( 8 de> k9dr$4 ,x is add$ sadly1 h[ev]1 t nev] has su* a desire be5 fulfill$1 = "o man _c take ^u him ! pa9s ( ano!r1 nei!r c he feel :at ano!r feels4 8,man is born alone1 he dies alone1 he falls alone1 he rises alone4 ,8 passions1 consci\sness1 intellect1 p]ceptions & impressions belong to him exclusively4 ,ano!r _c save him or help him4 ,he gr[s old1 8 hair turns :ite1 ev5 ?is de> body he mu/ rel9qui%--none c /ay ! h\r40 ,aga9 x is writt53-- 8,man6 ?\ art ?y own fri5d1 :y wi%e/ ?\ = a fri5d beyond ?yself80 ,! isolation ( ! s\l ) its p>am\nt importance to its own] 7t is to say1 to itself7 makes x obligatory to pursue its int]e/s ev5 at ! exp5se ( ! mo/ sacr$ affections4 ,! ,pagan1 ! ,jew1 ! ,moslem c\ld n h be5 br\ght to yield ass5t to ?is doctr9e1 b x meets u cont9ually 9 ,ca?olic hagiology2 = in/ance1 ,/4 ,franois de ,sales told ,madame de ,*antal t %e ought1 if ne$ful1 to walk into ! cloi/] ov] ! dead body ( h] son4 ,s 9 a ,ja9a /ory1 fa!r1 "m1 wife1 *ild1 si/]1 bro!r try 9 va9 to wre/ a holy "y man f 8 resolve to leave !m4 ,9 va9 ! old p say3 8,we w d all ! "w if y w only come home2 come1 *ild6 ,we w pay y\r debts2 y ne$ n /ay long] ?an y l--only come home60 ,! q admirable "y man 7:o sets "o furi\sly wi%+ = a /\t bir* rod7 proce$s on 8 way unmov$4 ,b x is rem>k$1 8,at su* appeals ! weak break d[n l old1 worn-out ox5 go+ up hill40 ,we pref] ! weak4 ,:o 0 ! fir/ an*orite8 ,p]haps 9 v e>ly /ates ( society a few individuals got lo/ 9 ! m\nta9 or =e/1 :]e !y liv$ on fruits & nuts1 & !n1 aft] a long "t1 "s ( !m 7 re-discov]$1 &1 because !y seem$ s /range & my/]i\s aft] _! long seclusion1 !y 7 cr$it$ ) sup]natural gifts4 ,animals d n g away alone except 9 ! r>e case ( be+ seiz$ ) mania1 or 9 ! univ]sal case ( feel+ ! approa* ( dea?4 ,! orig9 ( h]mits _c1 !re=e1 be expla9$ by analogy ) animals4 ,"o c conceive t a h]mit's life may h great attractions1 b sc>cely t ( a ,ja9a h]mit1 :o is expect$ to employ 8 leisure 9 ! mo/ pa9ful mortification ( ! fle%4 ,?\gh o!r-worldly advantages =m ! great object :i* spurs m5 to *oose su* a lot we mu/ n =get t ?is sort ( life is held to conf] p[]s :i* are1 by no means1 o!r-worldly4 ,by x ! ,brahman becomes sup]ior to ca/e1 be+ incapable ( pollution3 if he wi%$ he c\ld dr9k aft] ! mo/ mis]able ,we/]n _h t\*$ ! cup4 ,! !ory ( asceticism is v mu* alike ev]y:]e1 & ! extraord9>y faculties claim$ by ! ,ja9as = _! holy m5 are ! portion1 m or less1 ( ! ,indian holy man 9 g5]al4 ,^! faculties may be briefly describ$ z an abnormal developm5t ( ! sublim9al self1 b t is n an adequate acc\nt ( ! va/ness ( _! range4 ,"o feels (t5 incl9$ to ask--)\t grant+ revelation or1 inde$1 ! exi/5ce ( an omnisci5t be+ :o c\ld give x--h[ does ! ,buddhi/ or ,ja9a acquire p]fect c]ta9ty t he kn[s all ab\t 8 own & man's de/9y8 ,! "q ( au?ority is ( prim>y importance 9 all religions3 9 :at way does ,buddhi/ or ,ja9a solve x8 ,x is evid5t t scepticism bas$ on ?is v gr\nd does sometimes h>ass ! s\l ( ! ,ja9a novice3 8,! weak10 we are told1 8:5 bitt5 by a sn>l+ dog or annoy$ by flies & gnats1 w beg9 to say3 #8,i h n se5 ! next _w1 all may end ) dea?4'0 ,x />tles "o to he> f ! m\? ( ! devil's advocate 9 an anci5t ,ea/]n homily a cry s mod]n1 s ,we/]n3-- 8,dea? means heav51 he longs to receive x1 ,b :at %all ,i d if ,i don't believe x80#e ,footnote #e3 8,v]ses writt5 9 ,india10 p4 #ac4 ,sir ,alfr$ ,lyall's que/ion] f\nd none to answ] him1 b ! ,ja9a has an answ] :i*1 if accept$1 mu/ prove entirely satisfactory4 ,! sup]latively virtu\s individual possesses an ef=tless c]ta9ty ab\t ! secrets ( life4 ,9 a /ate sup]9duc$ by means :i*1 ?\gh ardu\s1 are at ! disposal ( all1 ! s\l c view itself1 read its hi/ory1 pa/1 pres5t & to come1 "k ! s\ls ( o!rs1 rememb] :at happ5$ 9 =m] bir?s1 und]/& ! heav5ly bodies & ! univ]se4 ,"h is no?+ miracul\s3 a veil is lift$1 & hidd5 ?+s become pla94 ,x is z if a man :o _h cat>act 9 bo? eyes und]w5t a successful op]ation--aft] :i* he sees4 ,! sup]s5sual p]ception ( ,ja9a1 or ,joghi1 or ,guru is mu* ak9 to ! 8infus$ k0 ascrib$ to ! sa9ts ( ! ,!baid4 ,he kn[s--because he kn[s4 ,by ! dev\t1 in=mation d]iv$ f ^! p]sons is accept$ z readily z we %\ld accept in=mation ab\t radium f a qualifi$ sci5tific man4 ,! mo/ confid5t ( all t ! in=mation is true is he :o gives x3 fraud mu/ be dismiss$ f9ally z ! key to any su* ph5om5a4 ,! ,indian m9d has grasp$ a great idea 9 ref]r+ :at we call _s to fix$ laws no less ?an :at we call matt]4 ,b 9 _s x sees a =ce inf9itely exce$+ ! =ce ( matt]4 8,! holy monk10 say ! ,ja9a scriptures1 8might r$uce millions to a%es by ! fire ( 8 wra?40 ,besides su* trem5d\s p[]s z ^! he has all ! m9or accompli%m5ts ( ! spirituali/ or hypnoti/3 ?\ght-read+1 levitation1 clairvoyance1 c41 & he c always tame wild bea/s4 ,he is "u /rict obligations to use 8 p[]s ) discretion4 ,x is n "r to make pr(it out ( !m3 t man is ana!ma :o lives by div9ation f dreams1 diagrams1 /icks1 bodily *anges1 ! cries ( animals4 ,! ,ja9as d5\nce magic n less /rongly ?an ! o!r religi\s tea*]s ( ! ,ea/4 ,?is is int]e/+ because ! reasons are lack+ :i* are commonly held to expla9 ! _w-wide prejudice aga9/ magic3 ! ,ja9as d n attribute x to ! ag5cy ( evil spirits1 nor c _! dislike ( x be attribut$ to ! pr(essional jeal\sy ( prie/s 9 reg>d to rival ?aumaturgi/s4 ,= ! ,ja9a ! p[] ( magic-work+ lies 9 e "o1 & ^? :o h develop$ _! o!r spiritual p[]s h also ?is "o at _! comm&1 b to avail !mselves ( x is an enorm\s s94 ,!re is a weird /ory %[+ :at infamies a magic-work+ 8ascetic0 may p]petrate4 ,a monk c>ri$ (f1 by magical arts1 all ! wom5 he met1 till ! k+ ( t c\ntry trapp$ him 9 a holl[ tree & _h him put to dea?4 ,! wom5 7 set free & return$ to _! husb&s1 except "o1 :o refus$ to g back because %e _h fall5 desp]ately 9 love ) h] s$uc]4 ,a v wise man sugge/$ t ! monk's bones %\ld be p\nd$ & mix$ ) milk1 & !n giv5 to ! woman to dr9k3 ?is 0 done & %e 0 cur$ ( h] passion4 ,ov] ! :ole ,ea/1 ! report t "s "o 0 work+ miracles1 ev5 ! mo/ b5efic5t1 rais$ bo? suspicion & jeal\sy4 ,?is 0 :y secrecy 0 recomm5d$ ab\t all su* acts4 ,h[ f> ! belief 9 ! extraord9>y gifts ( ! ascetic re/s on halluc9ation1 & h[ f> m5 9 an artificially creat$ abnormal condition c d ?+s ( :i* hypnotic manife/ations are b ! out] edge1 x is n my purpose to inquire4 ,! ,ja9a monks are said sometimes to fa/ = f\r days1 & no d\bt ! /imulus ( />vation 7especially :5 ! bra9 has n be5 weak5$ by long disease71 produces an ec/atic /ate :i* m5 h ev]y:]e suppos$ to indicate religi\s p]fection4 ,?is may be obs]v$ ev5 9 birds1 :i* f "s difficulty 9 swall[+1 die ( />vation3 ,i _h a can>y t sang = days be=e x di$ a sweet incessant song1 ! l ( :i* ,i nev] he>d3 x seem$ n e>?ly4 ,! be/ side 9 ,ea/]n religions is n _! ?aumaturgy b ! /eady e?ical t5d5cy :i* pu%es itself up out ( ! jungle ( extravagance & self-delusion4 ,?\gh we may n h mu* sympa?y ) ! pr(ession ( a 8h\seless0 sa9t1 x is impossible to d5y ! moral elevation ( su* a picture ( him z is drawn 9 ! ,ja9a conv]sion /ory ( 8,! ,true ,sacrifice40 ,a holy man1 born 9 ! highe/ ,brahmanical ca/e1 b :o _h f\nd wisdom 9 ,ja9a v[s1 w5t on a long j\rney & walk$ & walk$ till he came to ,b5>es1 :]e he f\nd a v le>n$ ,brahman :o 0 deeply v]s$ 9 a/ronomy & 9 ! ,v$as4 ,:5 ! 8,h\seless0 arriv$1 ! prie/ 0 ab\t to (f] up sacrifice1 & p]haps because he did n wi% to be di/urb$ at su* a mom5t1 he told him rudely to g away--he w\ld h no begg>s !re4 ,! holy man 0 n angry2 he _h n come to extort food or wat]1 b f ! pure desire to save s\ls4 ,he quietly told ! prie/ t he 0 ignorant ( ! ess5ce ( ! ,v$as1 ( ! true mean+ ( sacrifice1 ( ! gov]nm5t ( ! heav5ly bodies4 ,!re mu/ h be5 a peculi> efflu5ce ( sanctity fl[+ f ! 8,h\seless0 z ! prie/ took 8 rebukes ) meekness1 & m]ely ask$ = enlight5m5t4 ,!n ! se] deliv]$ 8 message4 ,x is n ! tonsure t makes ! prie/ or repetition ( ! sacr$ syllable om t makes ! sa9t4 ,x is n by dwell+ 9 woods or by we>+ clo!s ( b>k or grass t salvation may be rea*$4 ,equanimity1 *a/ity1 k1 & p5ance are ! ways to hol9ess4 ,8 actions alone col\r a man's s\l3 z 8 works are1 s is he4 ,p]suad$ ( ! tru?1 ! prie/ address$ ! 8,h\seless0 z ! true/ ( sacrific]s1 ! mo/ le>n$ ( all :o "k ! ,v$as1 ! inspir$ expon5t ( ,brahmanhood1 & begg$ him to accept 8 alms4 ,b ! m5dicant refus$3 he only conjur$ ! prie/ out ( pity = 8 own s\l to jo9 ! ord] ( ! 8,h\seless40 ,aft] hav+ be5 rightly s*ool$ 9 ,ja9a precepts1 ! ,brahman foll[$ 8 advice1 & 9 due "t he became a v great sa9t l 8 in/ructor4 ,z ! ,ja9a scriptures are 9 effect a manual ( discipl9e = monks1 x is natural t !y %\ld be sev]e on womank9d4 ,n t a woman's s\l is wor? less ?an a man's or1 r1 s9ce _s is sexless1 ! di/9ction does n exi/4 ,a woman may be z good a sa9t z a man2 a nun may be z m]itori\s z a monk4 ,! id5tity ( my/icism indep5d5t ( cre$ 0 nev] m app>5t ?an 9 ! beautiful say+ ( a ,ja9a nun3 8,z a bird dislikes ! cage1 s d ,i dislike ! _w10 :i* might h be5 utt]$ by any ( ! self-consum$ spirits ( ! ,lat9 ,*ur* f ,/4 ,t]esa d[nw>ds4 ,i h nev] come across an allusion to be+ born aga9 z a woman z a puni%m5t4 ,b ?\gh ! fulle/ pot5tiality ( m]it is all[$ to woman 9 ! ab/ract1 ! ,et]nal ,fem99e is look$ ^u 9 ! concrete z man's wor/ sn>e4 8,wom5 are ! greate/ temptation 9 ! _w40 ,! ,ja9a books are ,c\nsels ( ,p]fection & n a ,decalogue fram$ = common humanity3 !y give "o ! idea ( be+ int5d$ = pret]naturally good p1 & nev] m s ?an 9 ! mann] 9 :i* !y treat ! dreadful sn>es & temptations = :i* wom5 are answ]able3 in/ead ( a ,v5usb]g1 we are %[n--! dome/ic he>?6 ,! /ory 9 "q might be call$ 8,! ,woes ( ! ,model ,husb&60 ,a girl :o v[$ t %e w\ld d any?+ r ?an be p>t$ f ! de> object ( h] affections1 has no soon] settl$ ! matt] once = all by m>riage ?an %e beg9s to scold & trample on ! poor man's head4 ,h] sp\se is s5t on a ?\s& err&s1 n "o mom5t c he call 8 own4 ,c\ntless are ! lady's wants & h] comm&s keep pace ) !m3 8,d look = ! bodk92 g & get "s fruit2 br+ wood to cook ! vegetables2 :y don't y come & rub my back in/ead ( /&+ !re do+ no?+8 ,are my clo!s all "r8 ,:]e is ! sc5t-bottle8 ,i want ! hair-dress]4 ,:]e is my basket to put my ?+s 98 ,& my tr9kets8 ,!re1 ,i want my %oes & my umbrella4 ,br+ me my comb & ! ribbon to tie up my hair4 ,get ! look+-glass & a too?-bru%4 ,i mu/ h a ne$le & ?read4 ,y really ought to look aft] ! /ores1 ! ra9y season w be "h 9 no "t40 ,^! & _m m are ! "y wife's behe/s1 ! appall+ li/ ( :i* might well intimidate ^? ab\t to m>ry1 b !re is worse to come4 ,:5 8! joy ( _! lives1 ! cr[n ( _! w$d$ bliss0 arrives 9 ! %ape ( a baby1 x is ! un=tunate husb& :o is set to m9d x3 he has to get up 9 ! night to s+ lullabies to x 8j z if he 7 a nurs]ymaid10 & a%am$ ?\gh he is ( su* a humiliation1 he is actually put to wa% ! baby-l956 8,all ?is has be5 done by _m m5 :o = ! sake ( pleasure h /oop$ s l[2 !y become ! equals ( slaves1 animals1 bea/s ( burd51 m]e nobodies40 ,w\ld n mo/ read]s take ?is = a quotation f "o ( ,ibs5's plays r ?an f a sacr$ volume :i* 0 compos$ a consid]able "t be=e ! beg9n+ ( our era8 ,! ,indian pessimi/ is )held f suicide by ! dread ( a worse exi/5ce beyond ! pyre4 ,he is ! c[>d ( consci5ce to a mu* great] ext5t ?an ! we>y ,occid5tal1 because 8 s5se ( ! unse5 is s mu* /rong]4 ,9 ! ,ja9a sy/em1 h[ev]1 suicide is p]mitt$ "u c]ta9 circum/ances4 ,aft] twelve ye>s ( rigor\s p5ance a man is all[$ ! supreme fav\r ( 8a religi\s dea?0--9 o!r words1 he may commit suicide by />vation4 ,?is is call$ ,itv>a4 ,! civilis$ ,indian does n seem to h ! p[] ( dy+ :5 he pleases )\t ! assi/ance ( />vation :i* is possess$ by "s ( ! high] savage races4 ,! s\l may be re-born 9 any e>?ly =m f ! l[e/ to ! highe/1 b !re are o!r possibilities be=e x :5 x leaves its mortal coil4 ,^? :o are v bad1 too bad to disgrace ! e>? aga9--above all1 ! cruel--are consign$ to an ,inf]no m awful ?an ,dante's1 ?\gh n )\t po9ts ( /rik+ resemblance to x4 ,! v good :o ab\nd$ 9 *>ity & 9 tru?1 b :o yet liv$ 9 ! _w ! life ( ! _w1 become gods1 glorifi$ be+s enjoy+ a great measure ( happ9ess & p[]1 b n et]nal4 ,f> beyond ! joys ( ?is heav51 :i* are /ill ?9kable1 is ! un?9kable bliss ( ! ,p]fect1 ( ! ,conqu]ors1 ( ! ,*angeless4 ,! human m9d c\ld n adju/ ! idea ( evolution m sci5tifically to ! s\l's de/9y4 ,x is unnecess>y to say t ! numb] :o become ev5 gods is v small4 ,a great deal is a*iev$ if a man is simply born aga9 z a man1 = ?\gh ,ja9a & ,buddhi/ ?9ks t man's lot is wret*$ 7or1 at lea/ t x ought to be :5 we consid] its inh]5t evils71 yet x mu/ be di/9ctly rememb]$ t he ?9ks ! life ( bea/s f> m wret*$4 ,leop>di's 8,song ( ! ,nomadic ,%eph]d 9 ,asia10 9 :i* he makes ! _w-we>y %eph]d envy ! fate ( 8 %eep1 is /eep$ 9 ,we/]n n 9 ,ea/]n pessimism3 only 9 ! la/ l9es1 :i* really contradict ! re/1 we f9d ! true ,ea/]n note3-- 8,p]*ance 9 e =m ,t ,nature may on ev]y?+ be/[ ,! day ( bir? br+s ev]la/+ woe40 ,! ,indian seems nev] to be /ruck by :at to u seems 7p]haps 9 error1 b ,i hope n7 ! inconsci5t joy ( creatures1 nor yet t ( *ildr54 ,he is con/antly sure t all creation groane? & travaile?4 ,no?+ is "y 9 ,asia1 all is v old4 ,e "o is tir$4 ,9 our m9ds ?\ghtless joy is connect$ ) innoc5cy1 & 9 ^! ,indian cre$s !re is no innoc5cy z !re is no ef=tless ,all-,good4 ,p]fection is ! result ( lab\r4 ,no o!r religi\s tea*] spoke ( little *ildr5 z ,*ri/ did--,*ri/1 ^: incompreh5sible foll[]s 7 "o day to consign ! l>g] "p ( !m1 z a fav\r1 8to ! easie/ room 9 hell40 ,ard5tly z *ildr5 are desir$ & lov+ly z !y are treat$ 9 ! ,ea/1 some?+ ess5tial to ! *>m ( *ildhood eludes ! ,ori5tal p]ception ( x4 ,9 ! sacr$ books ( ^? ,indian communities :i* conc]n !mselves mo/ ab\t animals1 !y are v r>ely %[n 9 an attractive light4 ,! horse1 almo/ alone1 is spok5 ( ) g5u9e admiration2 = in/ance1 !re is ?is simile3 8,z ! tra9$ ,kambga /e$ :om no noise fright5s1 exce$s all o!r horses 9 spe$1 s a v le>n$ monk is sup]ior to all o!rs40 ,an elephant is extoll$ = hav+ knelt d[n be=e a holy recluse ?\gh only newly tam$1 & we he> t ,mahavira's words 7 und]/ood by all animals4 ,folk-lore tells mu* t scriptures d n tell1 & if we _h a collection ( ,ja9a folk-lore we %\ld f9d1 no d\bt1 records ( *>m+ fri5d%ips betwe5 bea/s & sa9ts1 b 9 ! ,ja9a sacr$ books pity1 n love1 is ! feel+ %[n t[>ds animals4 ,illu/ration3 ,,buddha ,,pacify+ ,,an ,,intoxicat$ ,,elephant4 ,india ,museum4 ,z a rule1 ,indian philosophical writ]s %irk ! "q ( h[ f> ! s\l :i* 0 & may be aga9 a man's reta9s its consci\sness dur+ its resid5ce 9 l[] =ms4 ,probably ! answ]1 7 x giv51 w\ld be3 8,n v f>10 b ! high] animals are cr$it$ ) a full] %>e ( reflection ?an 9 ! ,we/4 ,h5ce x is pref]able to assume ! %ape ( "o ( ! high] ?an ( "o ( ! l[] organisms1 b /ill x is f> bett] to be re-born z ! l[e/ ( m5 ?an z ! highe/ ( animals4 ,if x is some?+ to be re-born z a man at all1 x is a great deal to be re-born z a =tunate man1 heal?y1 weal?y1 & surr\nd$ by troops ( fri5ds3 at lea/1 to ! simple-m9d$ su* a prospect mu/ appe> to hold out a v spl5did hope4 ,x is rem>kable :at good c>e ! fram]s ( ! int5sely ascetic ,ja9a fai? took ( p :o c\ld n pret5d to walk 9 ! pa? ( ! elect4 ,! m]e 8h\sehold]0 7s call$ to di/+ui% him f ! m admirable 8,h\seless07 has ! promise ( an ample recomp5se if he is only tru?ful1 & humane1 & lib]al 9 alms-giv+ & temple-build+4 ,he may w9 v great promotion on e>? or ev5 a place 9 ! ,ja9a heav51 ! abode ( light1 :]e happy be+s live long & enjoy great p[] & en]gy1 & nev] gr[ old4 ,su* a /ate agrees ) ! logical evolution ( a virtu\s b /ill ?is-worldly man4 ,c\ld he aspire s9c]ely to a m spiritual /ate1 & c ! s\l outso> its own aspirations8 ,! ,ja9a heav5 is n et]nal1 b does e "o wi% = et]nity8 ,mo/ p wi% = t5 or fifte5 ye>s ( tol]able fre$om f c>e on ?is side ( ! grave4 ,if !y knew = c]ta9 t !y 7 go+ to enjoy "o ?\s& ye>s ( heav51 !y w\ld n ?9k mu* ( :at w\ld happ5 at ! end ( t "t4 ,!re rema9 ! pure & sep>at$ spirits :o 9 ?is pres5t life h climb$ beyond ! plane ( mortality4 ,!y are 9 ! _w1 n ( x1 & !y1 inde$1 8h a glimpse ( incompreh5sibles & ?\ghts ( ?+s :i* ?\ghts b t5d]ly t\*40 ,= ^!1 ! ,ja9a1 l ! ,buddhi/1 keeps ,nirvana4 ,! extreme retic5ce ( ,buddha & ev5 ( ,buddhi/ comm5tators on ! inn] significance ( ?is ^w--mean+ lit]ally 8lib]ation0--is n obs]v$ by ! ,ja9as1 ?\gh x mu/ n be inf]r$ t !re 0 any doctr9al diff]5ce ( x 9 ! view tak5 by ! two sects4 ,! ,ja9as %[ a great anxiety to tell :at ,nirvana is2 if !y fail x is because x baffles all description4 ,!y repudiate ! idea t x signifi$ annihilation1 b admit t ! subject ov]/eps ! b\nds ( ! ?9kable4 8,! lib]at$ s\l p]ceives & kn[s1 b !re is no analogy by :i* to describe x--)\t body1 re-bir?1 sex1 dim5sions40 ,we ?9k ( ! wond]ful l9es 9 ! ,hel5a ( ,euripides3-- 8444 ! m9d ,( ! dead lives n1 b immortal s5se ,:5 to immortal e!r gone1 possesses20 l9es :i*1 l n a few o!rs 9 ,euripides1 seem to reflect a light n ca/ f ,grecian skies4 ,l e /age 9 ! hi/ory ( ! life-s\l 7giva7 ,nirvana is gov]n$ by an immutable law ( evolution4 ,:5 all ! dross is elim9at$ only pure _s is left3 a di/ill$ ess5ce n only inde/ructible1 = _s is always inde/ructible1 b also *angeless4 ,all ! re/ dies1 :i* means t x *anges1 t x is re-born3 ?is "p c die no m1 & h5ce c be born no m4 ,x has ga9$ ! lib]ty ( :i* ! s\l goes seek+ 9 ! ,dantesque s5se4 ,x has ga9$ safety1 re/1 peace4 ,h[ famili> ! words s\nd6 ,"h am ,i 9 ,asia1 & ,i c\ld dream myself back "u ! ro( ( ! village *ur* :]e g5]ations ( simple folk _h s\ght a re/-cure = _! m9ds3 :]e ,i1 too1 fir/ li/5$ to ^? words safety1 re/1 peace1 ) ! /range home-sickness !y awak5 9 "y *ildr5 or 9 ! v old :o h pres]v$ _! *ildhood's fai?4 ,!re are words t1 by collect+ r\nd !m in>ticulate long+s & indef9ite associations1 f9ally leave ! ord] ( language & ent] t ( music2 !y evoke an emotion1 n an idea4 ,! emotions :i* sway ! human he>t are few1 & !y are v mu* alike4 ,! self-same ^w-music transports ! ,engli% *ild to ! happy l&1 f>1 f> away1 & ! ,indian my/ic to ,nirvana4 ,almo/ ev]y?+ :i* ! ,ja9as say ( ,nirvana might h be5 said by any foll[] ( any spiritual religion :o attempt$ to sugge/ a place ( f9al beatitude4 8,!re is a safe place 9 view ( all1 b h>d to approa*1 :]e !re is no old age1 nor dea?1 nor pa91 nor disease4 ,?is place :i* is 9 view ( all is call$ ,nirvana or fre$om f pa91 or x is call$ p]fection2 x is ! safe1 happy1 quiet place4 ,x is ! et]nal hav5 :i* is 9 view ( all1 b is difficult to approa*40 ,nirvana is ! gett+-well ( ! s\l4 8,he w put away all ! mis]y :i* always afflicts mank9d2 z x 71 recov]$ f a long illness1 he becomes inf9itely happy & obta9s ! f9al aim40 ,we are told t ! ,buddhas t 7 & ! ,buddhas t w be1 h peace = _! f\ndation1 ev5 z all ?+s h ! e>? = _! f\ndation4 7,! t]m ,buddha1 or 8,enlight5$10 is us$ by ,ja9as z well z by ,buddhi/s = sup]-excell5t be+s47 ,nirvana may or r mu/ be possess$ be=e ! dea? ( ! visible body3 x mu/ be obta9$ by ! liv+ if x is to be enjoy$ by ! dead4 ,deta*m5t f ! _w1 self-d5ial1 selflessness1 help ! s\l on its way1 b ! two moral qualities :i* are absolutely ess5tial are k9dness & v]acity4 ,ru? & tru? are writt5 ov] ! portals ( et]nity4 8,he %\ld cease to injure liv+ ?+s :e!r !y move or n1 on high1 bel[ or on e>?1 = ?is has be5 call$ ,nirvana1 :i* consi/s 9 peace40 8,a sage sett+ out = ,nirvana %\ld n speak untru?3 ?is rule comprises ,nirvana & ! :ole ( c>efulness40 ,if a novice does any?+ wrong1 he %\ld nev] d5y x3 if he has n done x he %\ld say1 8,i h n done x40 ,a lie mu/ nev] be told--8n ev5 9 je/ or 9 ang]40 ,7 !re no?+ else ( good 9 ,ja9a discipl9e ?is devotion to tru? w\ld place x high on mank9d's m\nta94 ,illu/ration3 ,photo 9 ,india ,museum4 ,,colossal ,,recl9+ ,,bull 7,s\!rn ,india47 ,! law ( ,ahimsa1 8non-kill+10 :i* /&s at ! head ( ! precepts ( bo? ,buddhi/ & ,ja9a1 is n only f> m rigidly obs]v$ by ! ,ja9a1 b also inve/$ by him ) a great] positive z well z relative value4 ,"o might say t ) ! ,buddhi/s x is m a philosophic d$uction1 ) ! ,ja9as m a moral necessity4 ,! position ( ,buddhi/s 9 ?is matt] ( ,ahimsa is "o ( compromise4 ,!re nev] 0 a ,buddhi/ :o did n ?9k cruelty to animals an abom9able s91 !re is no compromise on t po9t1 b1 9 respect to animal food1 ! usual ,buddhi/ layman is n really m /rict ?an any v humane p]son 9 ! ,we/2 he abjures sport1 he w n kill animals himself1 b he does n refuse to eat meat if x is set be=e him4 ,! ,buddhi/s decl>e t ! ,"l ,buddha 0 pray$ to =bid animal food absolutely1 b he w\ld n4 ,x is argu$ t 9 ! fle% itself1 :5 ! life is gone f x1 !re is no?+ p>ticul>ly sacr$3 !re=e x is p]missible to su/a9 life on x4 ,y\r s]vants may buy meat ready = sale 9 ! m>ket3 x w\ld be !re j ! same if y did n s5d to buy x1 b y ought n to tell !m to give an ord] = "s sort ( meat :i* is n on sale2 /ill less %\ld y incite p to sn>e or %oot wild animals = y\r table4 ,! ,buddhi/s ( to-day say ) ! oppon5ts to veget>ianism 9 ,europe1 t total ab/5tion f ! fle% ( animals w\ld lead to ! disappe>ance ( ! *ief "p ( !m2 ?\gh x might be answ]$ t %eep w\ld /ill be want$ = _! wool1 goats & c[s = _! milk1 ox5 = pl\gh+4 ,b a h>d] "q is1 ,:at w\ld happ5 to ^! animals :5 !y grew old8 ,! ,ja9as seek to settle ?is crux by build+ hospitals = !m1 b ! result has be5 indiff]5tly enc\rag+4 ,9 ,siam ev5 monks are all[$ animal food )9 c]ta9 limits1 b z a rule :at ,i h said ( ! ,buddhi/ view ( ,ahimsa does n apply to ! religi\s1 :o leans to ! /ricte/ ,ja9a pr9ciple ( hav+ no?+ to d ) %$d+ blood on any pret5ce4 ,! ,buddhi/ monks 9 ,*9a tea* ! virtue ( 8fang %5g0 78life-sav+07 by object-lessons 9 ! %ape ( tanks built ne> ! conv5ts to :i* p br+ tortoises1 fi%es & snakes to save !m f dea?1 & ! monks also keep homes = />v+ or lo/ animals4 ,fav\r$ ,european visitors are invit$ to witness ! cu/om ( fe$+ ! wild birds be=e ! morn+ meal is s]v$3 ! bro!rs sit sil5tly at ! refectory-table ) _! b[ls ( rice & vegetables 9 front ( !m1 b none beg9s to eat till "o bro!r rises1 aft] a sort ( grace has be5 said1 & goes to ! door ) a little rice 9 8 h&s :i* he places on a l[ /one pill>4 ,all ! birds are wait+ on ! ro(s & fly d[n delight$ to p>take ( _! breakfa/4 ,fra ,odoric1 ! ,v5etian ,franciscan :o dictat$ an acc\nt ( 8 travels 9 #accj1 describes a conv5t sc5e :i* 0 %[n to him z a mo/ int]e/+ ?+1 s t :5 he w5t home he might say t he _h se5 8?is /range sight or novelty40 ,to w9 ! cons5t ( ! monks 8 native fri5d1 :o act$ z cic]one1 in=m$ !m t ?is ,raban ,francus1 ?is religi\s 8,fr5*man0 7,europeans 7 all 8,fr5*m507 0 go+ to ! city ( ,cambale? to pray = ! life ( ! great ,c4 ,?us recomm5d$ he 0 admitt$1 & ! 8religi\s man0 ) :om !y _h spok5 8took two great basketsful ( brok5 relics :i* rema9$ on ! table & l$ me into a little wall$ p>k1 ! door :]e( he unlock$ ) 8 key1 & !re appe>$ unto u a pleasant fair gre5 plot1 into ! :i* we ent]$4 ,9 ! said gre5 /&s a little m\nt 9 =m ( a /eeple1 repl5i%$ ) fragrant h]bs & f9e %ady trees4 ,& :ile we /ood !re1 he took a cymbal or bell & rang !re)1 z !y use to r+ to d9n] or bevoir 9 cloi/]s1 at ! s\nd !re( _m creatures ( div]s k9ds came d[n f ! m\nt1 "s l apes1 "s l cats1 "s l monkeys1 & "s hav+ faces l m54 ,& :ile ,i /ood behold+ ( !m1 !y ga!r$ !mselves toge!r ab\t him1 to ! numb] ( #d1bjj ( ^! creatures1 putt+ !mselves 9 good ord]1 be=e :om he set a platt] & gave !m ! said fragm5ts to eat4 ,& :5 !y _h eat5 he rang ^u 8 cymbal a second "t & !y all return$ to _! =m] places4 ,!n1 wond]+ greatly at ! matt]1 ,i dem&$ :at k9d ( creatures ^? might be4 ,!y are 7quo? he7 ! s\ls ( noble m5 :i* we d "h fe$ = ! love ( ,god :o gov]ne? ! _w1 & z a man 0 hon\rable or noble 9 ?is life1 s 8 s\l aft] dea? ent]e? ! body ( "s excell5t bea/ or o!r1 b ! s\ls ( simple & ru/ical p d possess ! bodies ( m vile & bruti% creatures40 ,odoric's in=mant 0 9 error if he really said t di/9ctions ( rank influ5c$ ! s\l's de/9y1 z ?is is no ,buddhi/ doctr9e4 ,! *>m+ description ( ! 8/range sight or novelty0 0 imitat$ by ,m&eville1 :o adds1 ) a sympa!tic tol]ance :i* is v *>act]i/ic ( him1 t ! monks 7 8good religi\s m5 aft] _! fai? & law40 ,t ! /rict] 0 also ! m primitive ,buddhi/ rule seems probable1 & x may be t ,buddha's alleg$ def5ce ( meat-eat+ 0 an inv5tion meant to cov] lat] latitud9>ianism4 ,nev]!less1 ,ahimsa 01 f ! fir/1 a m integral "p ( ! ,ja9a religion ?an ( ! ,buddhi/4 ,! true keynote ( ei!r fai? c be detect$ 9 _! respective conv]sion /ories4 ,9 all outbur/s ( religi\s revivalism 7( :i* nature bo? ,buddhism & ,ja9ism l>gely p>took7 ! mom5t ( conv]sion is ! h+e on :i* ev]y?+ turns4 ,9 ! ,buddhi/ /ory1 a "y pr9ce1 born on ! /eps ( ! ?rone1 nurs$ 9 luxury & happily w$d$1 sees consecutively a brok5-d[n old man1 a man ) a deadly disease1 & a decompos+ corpse4 ,^! dreadful & common realities 7 br\ght home to 8 m9d ) intol]able =ce4 ,we seem to he> ! despair+ cry ( ,r4 ,l4 ,/ev5son3 8,:o w\ld f9d he>t to beg9 to live if he dalli$ ) ! consid]ation ( dea?08 ,we live because we drug ourselves ) ! wat]s ( a new ,le! :i* make u =get future z well z pa/4 ,sakya ,muni c\ld n =get :at he _h se5 or ! lesson :i* x taught3 ! re/ ( 8 life 0 devot$ to free+ himself & o!rs f be+ endlessly subject to a l doom4 ,n[ let u recall ! ,ja9a conv]sion /ory4 ,! son ( a p[]ful k+ 0 on 8 way to m>ry a beautiful pr9cess4 ,at a c]ta9 place he saw a great _m animals 9 cages & enclosures look+ fright5$ & mis]able4 ,he ask$ 8 *>iote] :y all ^? animals :i* desir$ to be free & happy 7 p5n$ up 9 cages & enclosures8 ,! *>iote] repli$ t !y 7 n to be piti$1 !y 7 8lucky animals0 :i* 7 to furni% a fea/ = a great multitude at ,8 ,highness's w$d+4 7,?is is ! v ?+ t an ,engli% poor man w\ld h said47 ,full ( compassion1 ! future 8savi\r ( ! _w0 reflect$3 8,if = my sake all ^! liv+ creatures are kill$1 h[ %all ,i obta9 happ9ess 9 ano!r _w80 ,!n & !re he r5\nces ! pomps & vanities ( human exi/5ce1 & he means x1 too4 ,! poor little bride1 =sak5 9 ?is life1 & n mu* com=t$ by promis$ comp5sation 9 ! next1 8n kn[+ :at %e c\ld d10 cuts (f h] pretty hair & goes to a nunn]y4 ,9 "t %e becomes a model ( p]fection1 & _m ( h] k9dr$ & s]vants are p]suad$ by h] to jo9 ! ord]4 ,9 ?is /ory ! revulsion is caus$ by pity1 n by loa?+4 ,! in/ant he sees ^! poor animals1 ! k9d-he>t$ pr9ce feels sorry = !m2 !n comes t unlucky ^w 8lucky0 :i* to ! man ( ignorance seems to be s p>ticul>ly appropriate2 x j>s on ,mahavira's n]ves z x w\ld on ! n]ves ( any s5sitive or ref9$ p]son4 ,no?+ moves m5 to te>s or laught] s surely z ! anti!tical %ock ( ! incongru\s4 ,a ru% ( emotion ov]p[]s ,mahavira3 he w n be happy at ! co/ ( s mu* mis]y2 he w\ld become odi\s 9 8 own sight4 ,s he r5\nces all = ! et]nity ( "o mom5t ( self-approv+ joy4 ,! ,ja9as c>efully exclude e excuse = tak+ animal life3 none is valid4 ,animals mu/ n be kill$ = (f]+ up 9 sacrifice1 n = _! sk91 fle%1 tail fea!rs1 bru%1 horns1 tusks1 s9ews1 bones4 ,!y mu/ n be kill$ ) a purpose or )\t a purpose4 ,if we h be5 w\nd$ by !m1 or fe> to be w\nd$ by !m1 or if !y eat our fle% or dr9k our blood1 /ill we %\ld n only be> x1 b also feel no ang]4 8,?is is ! qu9tess5ce ( wisdom1 n to kill any?+ :atev]3 "k ?is to be ! legitimate conclusion f ! pr9ciple ( reciprocity40 ,no "o d5ies t ! pr9ciple ( reciprocity is ! basis ( all morality1 & by ext5d+ x f m5 to s5ti5t ?+s1 ! ,ja9as h safegu>d$ _! doctr9e ( ,ahimsa ) a /rong] wall ( def5ce ?an any built on ! fanta/ic fe> ( dev\r+ "o's ance/ors4 ,nor c x be said ( ! ,ja9as t to a sup]/iti\s repugnance to tak+ life !y jo9 indiff]5ce to caus+ suff]+3 inflict+ suff]+ is h>dly di/+ui%$ f inflict+ dea?4 8,all brea?+1 exi/+1 liv+1 s5ti5t creatures %\ld n be sla9 nor treat$ ) viol5ce1 nor abus$1 nor torm5t$1 nor driv5 away4 ,?is is ! pure un*angeable law40 8,indiff]5t to worldly objects1 a man %\ld w&] ab\t treat+ all ! creatures 9 ! _w z he himself w\ld be treat$40 ,p]haps ! mo/ rem>kable ( ,ja9a /ories is a real ma/]piece ( wit & wisdom 9 :i* ?is !ory ( reciprocity is en=c$4 ,= ! :ole ( x ,i mu/ ref] ! read] to ,pr(essor ,jacobi's translation2 ,i c only give ! lead+ po9ts4 ,once ^u a "t ?ree hundr$ & sixty-?ree philosoph]s1 repres5t+ a simil> numb] ( philosophical s*ools1 & diff]+ 9 "*1 op9ions1 ta/e1 und]tak+s & plans1 /ood r\nd 9 a l>ge circle1 ea* "o 9 8 place4 ,!y discuss$ _! v>i\s views1 & at la/ "o man took a vessel full ( r$-hot coals :i* he held at a di/ance f him ) a pair ( tongs4 8,n[1 y philosoph]s10 said he1 8j take ?is = a mom5t & hold x 9 y\r h&s4 ,no trick]y1 if y please2 y are n to hold x ) ! tongs or to put ! fire out4 ,fair & hone/60 ,) extreme unanimity ! ?ree hundr$ & sixty-two drew back _! h&s z fa/ z !y c\ld4 ,!n ! speak] cont9u$3 8,h[ is ?is1 philosoph]s2 :at are y do+ ) y\r h&s80 8,!y w be burnt10 said ! o!rs4 8,& :at does x matt] if !y are burnt80 8,b x w\ld hurt u dreadfully40 8,s y d n want to suff] pa980 ,well1 ?is is ! case ) all animals4 ,?is maxim applies to e creature1 ?is pr9ciple1 ?is religi\s reflection1 holds good ( all liv+ ?+s4 ,!re=e ^? religi\s tea*]s :o say t all sorts ( liv+ ?+s may be beat5 or ill-treat$1 or torm5t$1 or depriv$ ( life w1 9 "t1 suff] 9 ! same way !mselves1 & h to und]go ! :ole r\nd ( ! scale ( e>?ly exi/5ce4 ,!y w be :irl$ r\nd1 put 9 irons1 see _! mo!rs1 fa!rs1 *ildr5 die1 h bad luck1 pov]ty1 ! society ( p !y dete/1 sep>ation f ^? !y love1 8!y w aga9 w&] di/raught 9 ! beg9n+less & endless wild]ness40 ,l a true orator ! ,ja9a memb] ( ?is e>ly ,congress ( ,religions1 :o has drift$ f irony to fi]ce d5unciation1 does n leave 8 he>]s ) ^! visions ( t]ror1 b ) ! consol+ promise to ! m]ciful ( ev]la/+ beatitude4 ,illu/ration3 ,,wild ,,bulls ,,& ,,tam$ ,,bulls4 ,reliefs on two gold cups f\nd at ,vapheio4 7,f ,s*uckh>dt's 8,s*liemann's ,excavations40 ,by p]mission ( ,messrs4 ,macmillan ,co41 ,ltd47 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,ix ,,l9es ,,f ,,! ,,adi ,,gran? ,,! ,adi ,gran?1 or sacr$ ,book ( ! ,sikhs ( ! ,punjab1 0 compos$ by ! f\nd] ( _! religion & _! nationality1 ,baba ,nanak 7b4 #adfi71 :o aboli%$ ca/e & idolatry1 & e/abli%$ a pure mono!ism4 ,a /rik+ incid5t at ! ,coronation ,durb> 0 ! arrival ( ! ,sikh mission 9 *>ge ( ! ,adi ,gran?1 :i* 0 br\ght on a pilgrimage f its %r9e 9 ! exquisitely beautiful gold5 temple at ,amrits> to ! tomb ( ! disciple ( ,nanak1 :o1 be=e suff]+ m>tyrdom at ,delhi dur+ ! ,mogul ,empire1 prophesi$ ! adv5t ( a fair race de/9$ to sweep ! ,mogul p[] to ! w9ds4 ,i take ^! few s5t5ces to %[ ! ess5tial cont9uity ( ,indian ?\ght ab\t animals4 ,9 ! fai? ( ,nanak none rema9s ( ! p>ticul> t5ets ( ,buddhism or ,ja9ism or ,h9duism1 b ! animal is /ill inside1 n outside1 ! pale ( :at may be call$ ,pan-humanity3 ! :ole family ( e>?-born creatures4 ,i4 ,say n t ?is or t di/a/eful is1 ,9 all ! de> ,"l dwells1--!y all are ,8 ,grieve n ! humble/ he>t2 all he>ts t are1 ,are priceless jewels1 all are rubies r>e4 ,ah6 ,if ?\ long'/ = ?y ,belov$1 re/ra9 ,"o angry ^w t gives ?y bro!r pa94 ,,ii4 ,all creatures1 ,"l1 are ,?9e1 & ,?\ art !irs1 ,"o bond ,creator ) creat$ %>es2 ,to :om1 ,o ,mak]6 mu/ !y turn & weep ,if n to ,!e _! ,"l1 :o do/ all keep8 ,all liv+ creatures1 ,"l1 7 made by ,!e1 ,:]e ,?\ ha/ fix$ _! /ation1 !re !y be4 ,= !m ,?\ do/ prep>e _! daily bread1 ,out ( ,?y lov+-k9dness !y are f$2 ,on ea* ! b\nties ( ,?y m]cy fall1 ,& ,?y compassion rea*es to !m all4 ,,iii4 ,"o und]/&+ to all fle% ,he gives1 ,)\t t und]/&+ no?+ lives2 ,z is _! und]/&+1--!y are s2 ,! reckon+ is ! same4 ,!y come & g4 ,! fai?ful wat*-dog t does all he c1 ,is bett] f> ?an ! unpray]ful man4 ,birds 9 _! purse ( silv] h no /ore1 ,b !m ! ,almighty ,fa!r wat*es o'er4 ,!y say :o kill1 !y d b :at !y may1 ,lawful !y deem ! bleat+ lamb to slay2 ,:5 ,god takes d[n ! et]nal ,book ( ,fate1 ,oh1 tell me :at1 :at !n w be _! /ate8 ,he :o t[>ds e liv+ ?+ is k9d1 ,ah6 he1 inde$1 %all true religion f9d6 ,,iv4 ,great is ! w>rior :o has kill$ )9 ,self1--,self :i* /ill is root & bran* ( s94 8,i1 ,i10 /ill cries ! ,_w1 & gads ab\t1 ,reft ( ! ,^w :i* ,self has driv5 out4 ,v4 ,?\1 ,"l1 ! cage1--! p>rot1 see6 ',tis ,i6 ,yama ! cat3 he looks & passes by4 ,by ,yama b\nd my m9d c nev] be1 ,i call on ,him :o ,yama made & me4 ,! ,"l et]nal is3 :at %\ld ,i fe>8 ,h[ev] l[ ,i fall1 ,he /ill w he>4 ,he t5ds 8 creatures z a "m mild ,t5ds ) untir+ love h] little *ild4 ,,vi4 ,i d n die3 ! _w )9 me dies3 ,n[1 n[1 ! ,vivifi] vivifies2 ,sweet is ! _w1--ah6 v sweet x is1 ,b ?r\gh its sweets we lose ! et]nal bliss6 ,p]petual joy1 ! inviolate mansion1 :]e ,!re is no grief1 woe1 error1 s91 nor c>e2 ,com+ & go+ & dea?1 ent] n 92 ,! *angeless only !re an entrance w94 ,:osoe'er die?1 born aga9 mu/ be1 ,die ?\ :il/ liv+1 & ?\ wilt be free6 ,,vii4 ,he1 ! ,supreme1 no limit has nor end1 ,& :at ,,he is h[ c we compreh5d8 ,once did a wise man say3 8,he only kn[s ,god's nature to :om ,god ,8 m]cy %[s40 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,x ,,! ,,hebrew ,,conception ,,( ,,animals ,i 444 8,ab\t !m frisk+ play$ ,all bea/s ( ! e>?1 s9ce wild1 & ( all *ase ,9 wood or wild]ness1 =e/ or d52 ,sport+ ! lion ramp$1 & 9 8 paw ,d&l$ ! kid2 be>s1 tig]s1 ounces1 p>ds1 ,gamboll$ be=e !m2 ! unwieldy elephant1 ,to make !m mir?1 us$ all 8 might1 & wrea!d ,8 li! proboscis40 ,p>adise ,lo/1 ,book ,,iv4 ,,! idea ( a condition ( exi/5ce 9 :i* all creatures are happy & at peace implies a prote/ aga9/ ! mo/ pat5t fact ( life z we see x4 ,we/]n civilisation inh]it$ f ! ,roman ,empire ! h>dness ( he>t t[>ds animals ( :i* ! popul>ity ( bea/-fights 9 ! ,ar5a 0 ! *>act]i/ic sign4 ,x 01 h[ev]1 a ,roman poet :o fir/ po9t$ out 9 philosophical language t ! suff]+s ( animals /& writt5 9 ! great indictm5t aga9/ ,nature no less ?an ! suff]+s ( m54 ,n only man is born to sorr[1 said ,lucretius2 look at ! c[ ^: calf ble$s be=e "s lovely temple1 :ile %e w&]s disconsolate ov] all ! fields1 l[+ pite\sly1 uncom=t$ by ! image ( o!r calves1 because h] own is n4 ,eighte5 hundr$ ye>s lat] ,s*op5hau] said t by tak+ a v high /&>d x 0 possible to ju/ify ! suff]+s ( man b n ^? ( animals4 ,d>w9 arriv$ at ! same conclusion4 8,x has be5 imag9$10 he rem>ks1 8t ! suff]+s ( man t5d to 8 moral improvem5t1 b ! numb] ( m5 9 ! _w is no?+ comp>$ ) ! numb] ( o!r s5ti5t be+s :i* suff] greatly )\t moral improvem5t40 ,to him1 ! man ( ! religi\s m9d :om m5 lightly *>g$ ) irreligion1 x 0 8an intol]able ?\ght0 t aft] long ages ( toil all ^! s5ti5t be+s 7 doom$ to complete annihilation4 ,yes1 & to ! "y consci5ce ( mank9d ?is 0 also an intol]able ?\ght4 ,& s9ce x 0 intol]able ! human consci5ce 9 ! /r5g? ( its y\? %ook x (f1 ca/ x aside1 awoke f x z we awake f a nightm>e4 ,religion has be5 reg>d$ too exclusively z a submission to ,nature4 ,at times x is a revolt aga9/ ,nature1 a repudiation ( :at our s5ses report to u1 an ass]tion t ?+s se5 are illusions1 & t ?+s unse5 are real4 ,religion is born ( ,d\bt4 ,! incr$ibility ( ! ,kn[n =c$ man to seek refuge 9 ! ,unkn[n4 ,f t f> region he br\ght back solutions good or bad1 sublime or trivial1 to ! manifold problems :i* beset man's s\l4 ,a poet1 doom$ to e>ly dea?1 :o look$ into ,nature on a summ]'s day & c\ld disc]n no?+ b 8an et]nal fi]ce de/ruction10 wrote1 9 8 despair-- 8,?+s _c to ! w ,be settl$1 b !y tease u out ( ?\ght4 444 ,x is a flaw ,9 happ9ess to see beyond our b\rn2 ,x =ces u 9 summ] skies to m\rn1 ,x spoils ! s++ ( ! night+ale40 ,b :5 ! _w 0 "y ?+s c\ld be settl$ to ! w4 ,we are1 ( c\rse1 con/antly regulat+ our impressions ( ph5om5a by a /&>d ( high] probability4 ,if we see a %ip upside d[n1 we say1 8,?is is n a %ip1 x is a mirage40 ,:5 ! primitive man f\nd himself face to face ) seem+ natural laws :i* (f5d$ 8 s5se ( inh]5t probability1 he reject$ ! hypo!sis t !y 7 actual or p]man5t1 & suppos$ !m to be ei!r untru/wor?y appe>ances or deviations f a l>g] plan4 ,e basic religion gave a l>ge %>e ( ?\ght to animals4 ,! m]it1 f a humane po9t ( view1 ( ! explanation ( ! my/]y (f]$ by ! religi\s sy/ems ( ,india has be5 prais$ ev5 to excess4 ,9 contra/ to ?is1 x 0 (t5 repeat$ t ! ,hebrew religion ignor$ ! claims ( animals altoge!r4 ,i wi% to %[ t ev5 if ?is *>ge 7 n op5 to o!r dispro(1 no p c be call$ indiff]5t to ^? claims :i* believes 9 a ,nature ,peace4 ,traces ( su* a belief spread f ! ,m$it]ranean to ! ,pacific1 f ! ,equator to ! ,pole4 ,b ! ,peace is n always complete2 !re are res]vations4 ,9 ! gl[+ pr$iction ( a ,peace 9 ,nature 9 ! ,a?>va-,v$a1 vultures & jackals are exclud$4 ,mazdeans w\ld exclude ! 8bad0 animals4 ,! ,hebrew ,scriptures1 on ! o!r h&1 decl>e t all species are good 9 ! sight ( _! ,mak]4 ,e bea/ enjoy$ p]fect cont5t accord+ to ! orig9al s*eme ( ! ,creator4 ,b man fell1 & all creation 0 involv$ 9 ! consequ5ces ( 8 fall4 ,i rememb] see+ at ! ,hague an impressive pa9t+ by a little-kn[n ,italian arti/#f :i* repres5ts ,adam ab\t to take ! apple f ,eve :ile at _! feet a tig] t5d]ly licks ! wool ( a lamb4 ,adam's face %[s t he is yield+--yield+ = no bett] reason ?an t he _c say 8,no0--to ! beautiful woman at 8 side2 & !re1 unconsci\s & happy1 lie ! innoc5t victims ( 8 act3 love to be turn$ to wra?1 peace to w>4 ,! ,nature ,peace has be5 pa9t$ a hundr$ times1 b nev] ) su* tragic significance4 ,footnote #f3 ,cignani4 ,a s+ul> sixte5?-c5tury 8,nature ,w>0 may be obs]v$ 9 a graffito on ! pavem5t ( ! ,*apel ( ,/4 ,ca!r9e 9 ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,dom5ico1 at ,si5a4 ,a nude y\?1 resembl+ ,orpheus1 sits on a rock 9 a leafy grove1 9 ! mid/ ( v>i\s animals2 ) a di/urb$ air he looks into a mirror at ! back ( :i* is an eye1 a leop>d %[s 8 tee? at him1 :ile a vulture screams at a monkey1 & ano!r bird snat*es a surpris$ rabbit or squirrel2 ! o!r creatures1 unicorn1 wolf1 eagle1 display signs ( uneas9ess4 ,endeav\rs to read ?is fable h n prov$ satisfactory4 ,illu/ration3 ,photo3 ,bruckmann4 ,,! ,,g>d5 ,,( ,,ed54 7,by ,rub5s47 ,hague ,gall]y4 ,! ,miltonic ,adam sees 9 ! mute signs ( ,nature ! =]unn]s ( fur!r *ange3-- 8,! bird ( ,jove1 /oop$ f 8 airy t\r1 ,two birds ( gaye/ plume be=e him drove2 ,d[n f a hill ! bea/ t reigns 9 woods1 ,fir/ hunt] !n1 pursu$ a g5tle brace1 ,goodlie/ ( all ! =e/1 h>t & h9d40 ,9 an uncanonical v]sion ( ,g5esis :i* 0 translat$ f an ,arm5ian manuscript pres]v$ at ,v5ice1 by my de> & sadly miss$ fri5d1 ,padre ,giacomo ,issav]d5s1 a /ill m dramatic description is giv5 ( ! mann] 9 :i* ! ,peace end$4 ,:5 ,adam & ,eve 7 driv5 f ! ,g>d5 ( ,ed5 !y met a lion1 :i* attack$ ,adam4 8,:y10 ask$ ,adam1 8d y attack me :5 ,god ord]$ y & all ! animals to obey me80 8,y disobey$ ,god10 repli$ ! lion1 8& we are no long] b\nd to obey y40 ,say+ :i*1 ! noble bea/ walk$ away )\t h>m+ ,adam4 ,b w> 0 decl>$4 ,w> 0 decl>$1 & yet ! s*eme ( ! ,creator c\ld n be = ev] defeat$4 ,man :o _h err$ might hope--& h[ mu* m mu/ !re be hope = ^? creatures t _h done no h>m4 ,:5 ! ,prophets spoke ( a ,peace 9 ,nature 9 connexion ) t readju/m5t ( ! et]nal scales :i* 0 meant by ! com+ ( ! ,messiah1 x _c be d\bt$ t !y spoke ( :at 0 already a widely accept$ tradition4 ,b )\t _! help we %\ld h kn[n no?+ ( x & we are grateful to !m4 ,( all ! radiant dreams ) :i* man has com=t$ 8 he>t1 a*+ ) realities1 is !re "o to be comp>$ ) ?is8 ,x is ( ! e>? e>?ly1 & t is ! beauty ( x4 8,! wolf %all dwell ) ! lamb1 & ! leop>d lie d[n ) ! kid2 & ! calf & ! "y lion toge!r2 & a little *ild %all lead !m2 ! c[ & ! be> %all fe$2 & _! "y ones lie d[n toge!r2 & ! lion %all eat /raw l ! ox40 8,= behold ,i create new heav5s & a new e>?4 ,!y %all n hurt nor de/roy 9 all ,my holy m\nta91 sai? ! ,"l40 ,is n ?is ! be/ ( promis$ l&s1 ! k9de/ ( ,elysiums1 :i* leaves none out 9 ! cold ( cruelty & hatr$8 ,! importunate que/ion] may inquire1 ,h[ c ?is primal & ultimate happ9ess comp5sate = ! int]v5+ ages ( pa98 ,ab\t ?is1 x may be obs]v$ t 9 religi\s matt]s p ought n to want to "k too mu*4 ,?is is true ( ! fai?ful & ev5 ( ! unfai?ful4 ,sci5tific rese>*es 9 ! great /oreh\se :i* conta9s ! religions ( ! _w are m aid$ by a c]ta9 res]ve1 a c]ta9 rev]5ce1 ?an by ! insatiable curiosity ( ! scalpel4 ,religions s[ abroad ides mres2 !y tell "s ?+s1 o!rs !y leave untold4 ,!y take u up into an ,alp9e height :5ce we see ! broad configuration ( ! c\ntry & lose sight ( ! woods & ! tortu\s rav9es among :i* we s (t5 miss$ ! track4 ,n[1 f ! ,alp9e height ( fai?1 ! idea ( an orig9al & f9al ,nature ,peace makes ! int]v5+ discord seem ( no acc\nt--a false note betwe5 two h>monies4 ,! ,nature ,peace z ! emblem ( p]fect moral beauty became ne>ly ! fir/ ,*ri/ian idea c>ri$ out 9 art4 ,i rem>k$ a rude b /rik+ in/ance ( x on "o ( ! fun]eal monum5ts :i* h be5 f\nd lately at ,c>?age1 belong+ to a date :5 ,*ri/ian & pagan commemorat$ _! dead 9 ! same mann]1 ! =m] g5]ally only add+ "s slight symbolical indication ( 8 fai?4 ,9 ?is /ele ,*ri/1 c>ry+ ! lamb across ,8 %\ld]s1 is att5d$ by a pan!r & a lion4 ,all su* primitive attempts to repres5t a ,nature ,peace are *iefly int]e/+ 7& f ?is po9t ( view _! int]e/ is great7 f ! fact t 9 *ild-l1 /amm]+ ef=ts !y reveal ! intr9sic idiosyncrasy ( ,*ri/ian ?\ght aft] ! ,*ur* _h p>t$ f ! realities ( proximity ) its ,f\nd]1 & _h n rea*$ ! realities ( a body corporate /riv+ = supremacy4 ,*ri/ ! ,div9e ,efflu5ce 0 ! fai? :i* made m5 will+ to face ! lions4 ,d\btless _m ( ^? m>tyrs clung to ! sublime conception ( a f9al ,peace1 ! complem5t ( ! fir/4 ,t ?is 0 accept$ z no allegory by ! lat] spiritualis$ ,jews1 & especially by ! ,ph>isees1 seems to be a well-e/abli%$ fact4 ,x is difficult to int]pret 9 any o!r way ! solemn /atem5t ( ,/4 ,paul1 t ! 8:ole creation groane? & travaile? 9 pa9 toge!r until n[10 wait+ = r$emption2 or ! beatific vision ( ,josephus3 8,! :ole ,creation also w lift up a p]petual hymn 444 & %all praise ,him t made !m toge!r ) ! angels & spirits & m51 n[ fre$ f all bondage40 ,hom9es et jum5ta salvabis ,dom9e4 ,,ii4 ,:at 0 ! view tak5 ( animals by ! ,jewi% p1 ap>t f ! fundam5tal ideas impli$ by a primordial ,peace 9 ,nature8 ,x 0 ! habit ( ,hebrew writ]s to leave a good deal to ! imag9ation2 9 g5]al1 !y only c>$ to ?r[ z mu* light on hidd5 subjects z 0 ne$ful to regulate conduct4 ,!y gave precepts r ?an speculations4 ,!re rema9 obscure po9ts 9 _! conception ( animals1 b we "k h[ !y did n conceive !m3 !y did n look ^u !m z 8?+s02 !y did n feel t[>ds !m z t[>ds automata4 ,aft] ! ,deluge1 !re 0 e/abli%$ 8! ev]la/+ cov5ant betwe5 ,god & e liv+ creature ( all fle% t is ^u ! e>?40 ,evid5tly1 y _c make a cov5ant ) 8?+s40 ,illu/ration3 ,n4 ,consoni4 ,,g5esis ,,viii4 7,loggie di ,raffaello47 ,t ! ,jews suppos$ ! intellig5ce ( animals to be n extremely diff]5t f ! intellig5ce ( man is to be d$uc$ f ! /ory ( ,balaam1 = x is said t ,god op5$ ! m\?--n ! m9d--( ! ass4 ,! same /ory illu/rates ! anci5t belief t animals see app>itions :i* are conceal$ f ! eyes ( man4 ,! great int]e/ to u1 h[ev]1 ( ! ,scriptural n>rative is its significance z a lesson 9 humanity4 ,:5 ! ,"l op5$ ! m\? ( ! ass1 :at did ! ass say8 ,%e asks h] ma/] :y he _h smitt5 h] ?ree times8 ,balaam answ]s1 ) a frankness :i*1 at lea/1 does him cr$it1 because he 0 enrag$ ) ! ass = turn+ aside & n m9d+ him1 & he adds 7/ill enrag$1 &1 /range to say1 n[ise surpris$ at ! animal's p[] ( spee*7 t he only wi%es he _h a sword 9 8 h&1 z he w\ld !n kill h] outright4 ,h[ l ?is is to ! voice ( mod]n brutality6 ,! ass1 cont9u+ ! conv]sation1 rejo9s 9 words :i* x w\ld be a %ame to disfigure by putt+ !m into ! idiom ( ! tw5tie? c5tury3 8,am ,i n ?9e ass ^u :i* ?\ ha/ ridd5 ev] s9ce ,i 0 ?9e unto ?is day8 ,0 ,i ev] wont to d s unto !e80 ,balaam1 :o has ! m]it1 z ,i h notic$1 ( be+ c&id1 replies1 8,no1 y nev] 740 ,!n1 = ! fir/ "t1 ! ,prophet sees ! angel /&+ 9 ! pa? ) a drawn sword 9 8 h&--an awe-inspir+ vision6 ,& :at are ! angel's fir/ words to ! t]rifi$ prophet :o lies pro/rate on 8 face8 ,!y are a repro( = 8 inhumanity4 8,:]e=e ha/ ?\ smitt5 ?9e ass ^! ?ree times80 ,!n ! angel tells h[ ! poor bea/ he has us$ ?us has sav$ h] ma/] f c]ta9 dea?1 = _h %e n turn$ f him1 he w\ld h sla9 ,balaam & sav$ h] alive4 8,& ,balaam said unto ! angel ( ! ,"l1 ,i h s9n$40 ,balaam 0 n a ,jew2 b ! nationality ( ! p]sonages 9 ! ,bible & ! orig9 or au?or%ip ( its sev]al p>ts are n que/ions :i* affect ! pres5t inquiry4 ,! po9t ( importance is1 t ! ,jews believ$ ^! ,scriptures to conta9 ,div9e tru?4 ,) reg>d to animals hav+ ! gift ( language1 x appe>s f a rem>k made by ,josephus t ! ,jews ?\ght t all animals spoke be=e ! ,fall4 ,9 ,*ri/ian folk-lore !re is a sup]/ition t animals c speak dur+ ! ,*ri/mas night3 an obvi\s ref]5ce to _! return to an unfall5 /ate4 ,solomon decl>es t ! righte\s man 8reg>de? ! life ( 8 bea/02 a say+ :i* is (t5 misquot$1 8m]ciful0 be+ sub/itut$ = 8righte\s10 by :i* ! prov]b loses half its =ce4 ,! ,hebrew ,scriptures conta9 two def9ite injunctions ( humanity to animals4 ,"o is ! comm& n to pl\gh ) ! ox & ! ass yok$ toge!r--9 ,pale/9e ,i h se5 ev5 ! ass & ! camel yok$ toge!r2 _! unequal /eps cause inconv5i5ce to bo? yoke-fell[s & especially to ! weake/4 ,! o!r is ! prohibition to muzzle ! ox :i* treads out ! corn3 a simple humanit>ian rule :i* x is truly surpris+ h[ any "o1 ev5 aft] an e>ly education 9 casui/ry1 c\ld h int]pret$ z a metaphor4 ,!re are ?ree o!r comm&s ( great int]e/ because !y %[ h[ important x 0 ?\ght to pres]ve ev5 ! m9d ( man f gr[+ call\s4 ,"o is ! ord] n to kill a c[ or %e-goat or ewe & h] "y bo? on ! same day4 ,! second is ! analog\s ord] n to see! ! kid 9 its "m's milk4 ,! ?ird ref]s to bird-ne/+3 if by *ance y f9d a bird's ne/ on a tree or on ! gr\nd & ! "m bird is sitt+ on ! eggs or on ! fl$gl+s1 y are on no acc\nt to capture h] :5 y take ! eggs or ! "y birds 7"o w\ld l bird-ne/+ to h be5 =bidd5 altoge!r1 b ,i fe> t ! human boy 9 ,syria _h too mu* ( ! old ,adam 9 him = any su* law to h prov$ effectual674 ,let ! "m g1 says ! sacr$ writ]1 & if y mu/ take some?+1 take only ! "y ones4 ,?is comm& concludes 9 a v solemn way1 = x ends ) ! promise 7= :at may seem a little act ( unimportant s5tim5t7 ( ! bless+ promis$ to man = hon\r+ 8 own fa!r & "m--t x w be well ) him & t 8 days w be long 9 ! l&4 ,9 ! law relative to ! obs]vance ( ! ,sev5? ,day1 n only is no po9t insi/$ on m /rongly ?an ! repose ( ! animals ( lab\r1 b 9 "o ( ! olde/ v]sions ( ! f\r? comm&m5t ! repose ( animals is spok5 ( z if x 7 ! *ief object ( ! ,sabba?3 8,six days %alt ?\ d ?y "w1 & on ! sev5? day ?\ %alt re/3 t ?9e ox & ?9e ass may re/0 7,exodus xxiii4 #ab74 ,moreov]1 x is expressly /at$ ( ! ,sabba? ( ! ,"l1 ! sev5? ye> :5 no "w 0 to be done1 t all :i* ! l& produces ( itself is to be left to ! enjoym5t ( ! bea/s t are 9 ! l&4 ,! dom9ant idea 0 to give animals a *ance--to leave some?+ = !m--to af=d !m "s %elt]1 z 9 ! creation ( bird-sanctu>ies 9 ! temples4 ,9 promises ( love & protection to man1 to ! ,*os5 ,p1 animals are almo/ always includ$4 8,! heav5s %all tremble3 ! sun & moon %all be d>k1 & ! />s %all )draw _! %9+0 7,joel ii4 #aj74 8,be n afraid1 ye bea/s ( ! field3 = ! pa/ures ( ! wild]ness d spr+1 = ! tree be>e? h] fruit1 ! fig-tree & ! v9e d yield _! /r5g?4 ,be glad1 ye *ildr5 ( ,zion1 & rejoice 9 ! ,"l y\r ,god0 7,joel ii4 #bb1 #bc74 ,! wisdom ( animals is cont9ually prais$4 8,g to ! ant1 ?\ slugg>d2 consid] h] ways & be wise3 :i* hav+ no guide1 ov]se]1 or rul]1 provide? h] meat 9 ! summ]1 & ga!re? h] food 9 ! h>ve/40 ,s said ! wise/ ( ! ,jews4 ,i am tempt$ to quote "h a passage f ! writ+s ( ,giordano ,bruno3 8,) :at und]/&+ ! ant gnaws h] gra9 ( :eat le/ x %\ld spr\t 9 h] und]gr\nd habitation4 ,! fool says ?is is in/9ct1 b we say x is a species ( und]/&+40 ,if ,solomon did n make ! same reflection1 x 0 only because t wond]ful ^w 8in/9ct0 _h n yet be5 inv5t$4 ,illu/ration3 ,photo3 ,al9>i4 ,,daniel ,,& ,,! ,,lions4 7,e>ly ,*ri/ian ,s>cophagus at ,rav5na47 ,we h se5 t ! ,jews suppos$ animals to be giv5 to m5 = use n = abuse1 & ! :ole ( ,scripture t5ds to ! conclusion t ! ,creator--:o _h call$ good all ! creatures ( ,8 h&--reg>d$ none z unwor?y ( ,8 provid5ce4 ,?is view is pla9ly endors$ by ! say+ ( ,*ri/ t n a sp>r[ falls to ! gr\nd )\t ! w ( ! ,fa!r 7or 8n "o ( !m is =gott5 9 ! sight ( ,god071 & by ! say+ ( ,mohamm$1 :o likewise believ$ himself ! cont9u] ( ,jewi% tradition3 8,!re is no bea/ t walks ^u ! e>? b its provision is f ,god40 ,b !re is some?+ m4 ,e "o kn[s t ! ,jews 7 all[$ to kill & eat animals4 ,! ,jewi% religion makes /udi\sly few dem&s on human nature4 8,! ways ( ! ,"l 7 pleasant ways40 ,s9ce m5 crav$ = meat or1 9 ,biblical language1 s9ce !y lu/$ aft] fle%1 !y 7 at lib]ty to eat ^? animals :i*1 9 an ,ea/]n climate1 c\ld be eat5 )\t dang] to heal?4 ,b on "o condition3 ! body !y might dev\r--:at 0 ! body8 ,x 0 e>?4 ,! s\l !y might n t\*4 ,! my/]i\s ?+ call$ life mu/ be r5d]$ up to ! ,giv] ( x--to ,god4 ,! man :o did n d ?is1 :5 he kill$ a lamb1 0 a murd]]4 8,! blood %all be imput$ to him2 he ha? %$ blood1 & t man %all be cut (f f among 8 p40 ,! incl9ation mu/ be resi/$ to dispose ( ?is my/]i\s ord9ance z a m]e sanit>y measure4 ,x 0 a sanit>y measure1 b x 0 mu* besides4 ,! ,jews believ$ t e animal _h a s\l1 a _s1 :i* 0 beyond human jurisdiction1 ) :i* !y _h no "r to tamp]4 ,:5 we ask1 h[ev]1 :at ?is s\l1 ?is _s1 01 we f9d ourselves grop+ 9 ! d>k4 ,0 x mat]ial1 z ! s\l 0 ?\ght to be by ! ,egyptians & by ! e>lie/ doctors ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*8 ,0 x an immat]ial1 imp]sonal1 ,div9e ess5ce8 ,0 its id5tity p]man5t1 or tempor>y8 ,we c give no decisive answ]2 b we may assume ) consid]able c]ta9ty t life1 _s1 :atev] x 01 appe>$ at lea/ to ! majority ( ! ,jews to possess "o nature1 :e!r 9 m5 or 9 animals4 ,:5 a ,jew d5i$ ! immortality ( ! s\l1 he d5i$ x bo? = man & = bea/4 8,i said 9 my he>t10 wrote ! au?or ( ,ecclesia/es1 8conc]n+ ! e/ate ( ! sons ( m5 t ,god might manife/ !m1 & t !y might see t !y !mselves are bea/s4 ,= t :i* befalle? ! sons ( m5 befalle? bea/s2 ev5 "o ?+ befalle? !m2 z ! "o die? s ! o!r die?2 yea1 !y h all "o brea?2 s t a man ha? no pre-em95ce above a bea/40 ,! mi/ :i* surr\nds ! ,hebrew idea ( ! s\l may proce$ f ! fact t !y did n "k !mselves :at !y meant by x1 or f ! fact t !y once knew :at !y meant by x s well z to r5d] elucidation sup]flu\s4 ,if ! t]aphim repres5t$ ! ,l>es or family dead1 !n ! ar*aic ,jewi% idea ( ! s\l 0 simple & def9ite4 ,x is possible t 9 all lat] times two diametrically oppos$ op9ions exi/$ contemporane\sly1 z 0 ! case ) ! ,ph>isees & ,sadducees4 ,! ,jewi% p did n feel ! press+ ne$ to dogmatise ab\t ! s\l t o!r peoples h felt2 !y _h "o liv+ s\l :i* 0 immortal1 & its "n 0 ,israel6 ,/ill1 ?r\gh all ages1 f ! e>lie/ times till n[1 ! ,jews h cont9u$ to hold sacr$ 8! blood :i* is ! life40 ,9 ,h9du religi\s books1 :]e simil> ord9ances are en=c$1 !re are h9ts ( a suspicion :i*1 z ,i h said else:]e1 c\ld n h be5 abs5t f ! m9ds ( ,hebrew legislators--! haunt+ suspicion ( a possible mix+-up ( p]sonality4 ,"h we tread on ! skirts ( magic3 a subject :i* belongs to />less nights4 ,we come back into ! light ( day :5 we glance at ! relations :i*1 accord+ to ,jewi% tradition1 exi/$ betwe5 animals & _! ,creator4 ,we see a beautiful int]*ange ( gratitude on ! "o side & wat*ful c>e on ! o!r4 ,z ! ass ( ,balaam recognis$ ! angel1 s d all animals--except man--at all times recognise _! ,god4 8,b ask n[ ! bea/s & !y %all tea* !e2 & ! f[ls ( ! air1 & !y %all tell !e4444 ,:o kn[e? n ( all ^! t ! h& ( ! ,"l ha? wr\ght ?is8 ,9 ^: h& is ! s\l ( e liv+ ?+1 & ! brea? ( all mank9d40 ,i w only add to ^! words ( ,job a few v]ses tak5 "h & !re f ! ,psalms1 :i* =m a true an!m ( our fell[-creatures ( ! e>? & air3-- 8,bea/s & all cattle1 creep+ ?+s & fly+ f[l1 let !m praise ! "n ( ! ,"l4 ,he give? to ! bea/ 8 food & to ! "y rav5s :i* cry4 ,he s5de? ! spr+s into ! valleys :i* run among ! hills2 ,!y give dr9k to e bea/ ( ! field1 ! wild asses qu5* _! ?ir/4 ,by !m %all ! f[ls ( heav5 h _! habitation :i* s+ among ! bran*es3 ,! trees ( ! ,"l are full ( sap1 ! c$>s ( ,lebanon :i* ,he ha? plant$1 ,:]e ! birds make _! ne/s2 z = ! /ork1 ! fir-trees are h] h\se4 ,! great hills are a refuge = ! wild goats & ! rocks = ! conies4 ,?\ make/ d>kness1 & x is night1 :]e9 all ! bea/s ( ! =e/ d creep =?2 ,! "y lions ro> aft] _! prey1 & seek _! meat f ,god2 ,! sun arise?1 !y ga!r !mselves toge!r & lay !m d[n 9 _! d5s4 444 ,yea1 ! sp>r[ ha? f\nd an h\se1 & ! swall[ a ne/ = h]self :]e %e may lay h] "y4 ,ev5 ?9e alt>s1 ,o ,"l ( ,ho/s1 my ,k+ & my ,god60 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,xi 8,a ,,p ,,l ,,unto ,,y0 ,a ,,fri5d :o 0 sp5d+ ! w9t] at ,tunis ask$ me if x 7 true t !re 0 any tea*+ ( k9dness to animals 9 ! religion ( ,islam8 ,%e _h se5 ) pa9 ! little humanity practis$ by ! l[] class ( ,arabs1 & %e _h difficulty 9 believ+ t su* conduct 0 contr>y to ! law ( ! ,prophet4 ,i repli$1 t if m5 are sometimes bett] ?an _! cre$s1 at o!r times !y are v mu* worse4 ,at ! head ( e *apt] ( ! ,koran1 x is writt53 8,9 ! "n ( ! mo/ m]ciful ,god40 ,if ,god be m]ciful1 %all man be unm]ciful8 ,alas1 t ! answ] %\ld h be5 s (t5 8yes06 ,inhumanity to animals is aga9/ ! :ole _s ( ! ,koran1 & also aga9/ t ( ,moslem tradition4 ,9 ! 8,words ( ,mohamm$10 ( :i* "o ?\s& f\r hundr$ & sixty-five collections exi/1 & :i* are look$ ^u z 8! ,moslem's diction>y ( morals & mann]s10 ! ,apo/le is describ$ z say+3 8,fe> ,god 9 ^! dumb animals1 & ride !m :5 !y are fit to be rode1 & get (f !m :5 !y are tir$40 ,mohamm$ 0 ask$ by 8 disciples3 8,v]ily1 are !re rew>ds = our do+ good to quadrup$s & giv+ !m wat] to dr9k8 8,he said3 8,!re are rew>ds = b5efit+ e animal hav+ a moi/ liv]0 7e s5ti5t creature74 ,he said aga93 8,!re is no ,moslem :o plante? a tree or s[e? a field1 & man1 birds or bea/s eat f !m1 b x is a *>ity = him40 ,l all o!r religi\s tea*]s1 he 0 made by leg5d ! c5tral figure ( a ,nature ,peace4 ,he _h miracul\s au?ority ov] bea/s z well z ov] man1 & bea/s1 m directly ?an man1 knew him to be f ,god4 ,once he 0 /&+ 9 ! mid/ ( a cr[d :5 a camel came & pro/rat$ itself be=e him4 ,8 companions exclaim$1 8,o ,apo/le ( ,god6 ,bea/s & trees wor%ip !e1 !n x is meet = u to wor%ip !e40 ,mohamm$ repli$1 8,wor%ip ,god1 & y may hon\r y\r bro!r--t is1 me40 ,^? :o "k no?+ else ab\t ,mohamm$ "k ! /ory ( h[ he cut away 8 sleeve r ?an awak5 8 cat1 :i* 0 sleep+ ^u x4 ,he is report$ to h told h[ a woman 0 once puni%$ = a cat3 %e ti$ x till x di$ ( hung]--%e gave t cat no?+ to eat1 nor did %e all[ x to g free1 s t x might h eat5 8! reptiles ( ! gr\nd40 7,cats d eat liz>ds & snakes too1 ev5 :5 !y h pl5ty ( food--v bad = !m x is47 ,mohamm$'s fondness ( cats has be5 sugge/$ z ! reason :y two or ?ree ( !m usually g ) ! ,c>avan :i* takes ! ,sacr$ ,c>pet f ,cairo to ,mecca1 b p]haps ! orig9 ( t cu/om is f> m remote4 ,illu/ration3 8,,an ,,indian ,,orpheus40 ,royal ,palace at ,delhi4 7,imitat$ f a pa9t+ by ,raphael47 ,9 ! words ( ,mohamm$ !re is ?is beautiful v]sion ( ! 8,sultan ,murad0 cycle3 an adult]ess 0 pass+ by a well :5 %e saw a dog :i* 0 hold+ out its tongue f ! ?ir/ :i* 0 kill+ him4 ,! woman drew (f h] %oe & ti$ x to ! end ( h] g>m5t2 !n %e drew up wat] & gave ! dog to dr9k4 ,! dog fawn$ on h] & lick$ h] h&s4 ,n[ ! ,sultan 0 pass+ t way1 & he saw ! woman & ! dog & inquir$ into ! matt]4 ,:5 he _h he>d all1 he told ! gu>ds to undo h] *a9 & give h] back h] veil & lead h] to h] own home4 ,on "o occasion ! ,prophet met a man :o _h a ne/ ( "y doves1 & ! "m flutt]$ aft] & ev5 d[n ab\t ! head ( him t held x4 ,! ,prophet told him to put ! ne/ back :]e he f\nd x1 = ?is wondr\s love comes f ,god4 ,! v]se :i* gives ! keynote to ,moslem ideas ab\t animals occurs 9 ! six? *apt] ( ! ,koran1 & runs ?us3 8,!re is no bea/ on e>? nor bird :i* flie? ) its w+s b ! same is a p l unto y1 we h n omitt$ any?+ 9 ! ,book ( our decrees2 !n unto _! ,"l %all !y return40 ,9 o!r texts :]e ! ^w 8creatures0 is us$ !re is a /rong presumption t animals1 z well z m51 g5ii & angels1 are includ$2 z1 = in/ance1 8unto ,him d all creatures :i* are 9 heav5 & e>? make petition10 & aga91 8all ,god's creatures are ,8 family1 & he is ! mo/ belov$ ( ,god :o trie? to d ! mo/ good to ,god's creatures0--:i* is almo/ ^w = ^w-- 8,he praye? be/1 :o love? be/ ,all ?+s bo? great & small2 ,= ! de> ,god :o love? u1 ,he made & love? all40 ,! common grace aft] eat+ is 8,praise be to ! ,"l ( all creatures60 ,moslem hunt]s & but*]s h ! cu/om1 call$ ! ,hallal1 ( pron\nc+ a =mula ( excuse 7,bi'sm-illah67 be=e slay+ any animal4 ,! au?or ( 8,malay ,magic0 m5tions1 t if a ,malay takes a tig] 9 a pitfall1 ! ,pawang1 or m$ic9e-man1 has to expla9 to ! qu>ry t x 0 n he t laid ! sn>e b ! ,prophet ,mohamm$4 ,by or?odox ,moslem law hunt+ 0 all[$1 provid$ x 0 = "s def9ite end or necessity4 ,x 0 legitimate to hunt = food1 or = clo?+1 z :5 ! sk9 0 ! object4 ,dang]\s wild bea/s1 ! incompatible neighb\rs ( all b sa9ts1 might be hunt$ to protect ! m preci\s lives ( m54 ,beyond ?is1 f an or?odox po9t ( view1 hunt+ 0 reg>d$ z indef5sible4 ,su* 0 ! rule1 & !re is no great] mi/ake ?an to und]value ! moral /&>d because e "o does n atta9 to x4 ,p]haps few ,moslems keep ?is rule rigidly1 b x is true n[ z x 0 :5 ,lane wrote on ! subject1 t a good ,moslem :o hunts = amusem5t does n seek to prolong ! *ase3 he tries to take ! game z quickly z he c1 & if x is n dead :5 tak51 x is in/antly kill$ by hav+ its ?roat cut4 ,su* amusem5ts z %oot+ pigeons1 or ! unspeakable abom9ation ( fir+ at wild birds f %ips1 :i* makes c]ta9 t\ri/ /eam]s a curse 9 ! ,arctic regions1 w\ld inspire ev5 ! n too or?odox ,moslem ) pr(\nd disgu/4 ,!re 7 "s ,moslems :o w5t f> beyond ! law--= :om tak+ life1 :5 ! fact ( do+ s came rudely be=e !m1 0 a ?+ revolt+ 9 itself4 ,su* s5sibility 0 manife/ 9 ! ,p]sian poets1 & x has be5 attribut$ to _! inh]it$ ,zoroa/rian t5d5cies2 b to ?9k ?is is to misund]/& ! gr\ndwork ( ,mazdean humane tea*+1 :i* 0 n bas$ on s5sitiv5ess ab\t tak+ life4 ,su* s5sitiv5ess is r>ely f\nd1 except among ,aryan races1 & ,zoroa/rianism1 ?\gh x spread among an ,aryan p1 0 n an ,aryan religion4 ,x is m likely to be true t ! ,p]sian peculi> t5d]ness = animals 0 an atavi/ic revival ( ! old ,aryan temp]am5t4 ,r5an said t ,sufism 0 a racial ,aryan reaction aga9/ l'effroyable simplicit de l'esprit smitique4 ,s5sitiv5ess ab\t animals 0 a necess>y +r$i5t1 s to speak1 ( ,sufism4 ,sadi1 ! ,sufic poet p> excell5ce1 p\r$ bless+s on ! dep>t$ _s ( ,firdusi = ! c\plet :i* ,sir ,william ,jones translat$ s well & lov$ s mu*3-- 8,ah1 sp>e yon emmet1 ri* 9 ho>d$ gra92 ,he lives ) pleasure1 & he dies ) pa940 ,t birds & _m1 if n all1 animals h a language by :i* !y c int]*ange _! ?\ghts is a belief %>$ by ,moslems1 bo? le>n$ & ignorant4 ,! ,koran says t ! language ( birds 0 und]/ood by ,solomon1 & folk-lore gives _m o!r p]sons cr$it = ! same accompli%m5t4 ,a p]son believ$ to h su* p[]s c\ld turn ! belief1 if n ! p[]s1 to uses bo? good & bad4 ,an ,arabian tale relates h[ a pleasure-lov+ ,p]sian k+ summon$ a ,maubadz1 a head ,magian1 to tell him :at two owls 7 *att]+ ab\t4 ,! ,maubadz told ) consid]able detail ! plan :i* ! female owl 0 unfold+ to ! male owl1 ( h[ ea* ( _! future num]\s (fspr+ might be set up 9 life z sole possessor ( a =sak5 village1 if only ! pres5t 8=tunate k+0 liv$ long en\gh4 ,! mon>* und]/ood ! rebuke1 & resolv$ to m5d 8 ways1 & to enc\rage tillage & agriculture1 in/ead ( devot+ himself to idle pa/imes4 ,illu/ration3 ,,moslem ,,begg> ,,fe$+ ,,dogs ,,at ,,con/ant9ople4 ,bird-trills mean s5t5ces or words1 *iefly religi\s4 ,! pigeon cries cont9ually1 8,allh6 ,allh60 ,! common dove executes ?is long s5t5ce3 8,ass]t ! unity ( y\r ,"l :o creat$ y1 s w ,he =give y y\r s940 ,!re 0 a p>rot :o c\ld repeat ! :ole ,koran by he>t & c\ld nev] be put out s z to make mi/akes4 ,i knew ( an old prie/ :o repeat$ ! ,div9a ,comm$ia f ! fir/ l9e to ! la/1 & ! k ( ! :ole ( ! ,iliad 0 common 9 anci5t ,a!ns1 :]e p 7 laugh$ at :o gave !mselves ! airs ( s*ol>s on ! gr\nd ( su* feats ( memory4 ,b 9 ! bird-_w ! ,moslem p>rot surely /&s alone1 ?\gh we he> ( a pi\s rav5 :o c\ld say correctly ! ?irty-second *apt] & :o always made ! prop] pro/ration :5 x came to ! words3 8,my body pro/rate? itself be=e ,!e1 & my he>t confide? 9 ,!e40 ,! *apt] ( ! ,koran entitl$ 8! ,ant0 is full ( *>m+ zoology4 ,god be/[$ k on ,david & ,solomon1 & ,solomon1 :o 0 8,david's heir10 said to ! p3 8,o m51 we h be5 taught ! spee* ( birds1 & h _h all ?+s be/[$ on u3 ?is is manife/ excell5ce40 ,! armies ( ,solomon consi/$ ( m5 & g5ii & birds3 !y 7 array$ 9 prop] ord] on an imm5se c>pet ( gre5 silk3 ! m5 7 plac$ to ! "r1 ! g5ii to ! left1 & ! birds flew ov]head1 mak+ a canopy ( %ade f ! burn+ rays ( ! sun4 ,solomon sat 9 ! middle on 8 ?rone1 & :5 x 0 desir$ to move1 ! w9d transport$ ! c>pet ) all on x f "o place to ano!r4 ,?is acc\nt1 h[ev]1 is n 9 ! ,koran1 & ne$ n be believ$4 ,b t ! armies 7 ( ! ?ree species ( be+s we h ! highe/ au?ority = ass]t+4 ,!y arriv$1 "o day1 9 ! ,valley ( ,ants4 ,a s5t9el ant beheld ! approa*+ ho/ & call$ to h] companions to ha/5 into _! habitations = fe> t ,solomon & 8 armies %\ld cru% !m und]foot )\t p]ceiv+ x4 ,?is made ,solomon smile1 b :ile he laugh$ at h] words1 he yet rememb]$ to ?ank ! ,"l = ! fav\r :]e) ,he _h fav\r$ him3 ! privilege ( kn[+ ! language ( bea/s4 ,aft] bless+ ,god1 & pray+ t 9 ! end ,he w\ld take him into p>adise among ,8 righte\s s]vants1 ! k+ look$ ar\nd at 8 fea!r$ army & lo6 he miss$ ! lapw+4 ,"s say t ! reason :y he notic$ h] abs5ce 0 because 9 t place wat] 0 lack+ = ! ablution1 &1 z e "o kn[s1 ! lapw+ is ! wat]-f9d]4 ,be t z x may 7x is n /at$ 9 ! ,koran71 he cri$ 9 displeasure3 8,:at is ! reason ,i d n see ! lapw+8 ,is %e abs5t8 ,v]ily ,i w *a/ise h] ) a sev]e puni%m5t1 or ,i w put h] to dea? unless %e br+ me a j excuse40 ,n long did he h to wait be=e ! lapw+ appe>$1 nor 0 ! j excuse want+4 ,%e _h se5 a c\ntry :i* ! k+ _h n se51 & %e br\ght h5ce a rem>kable piece ( news4 ,9 ! l& ( ,saba 7,%eba7 a woman reign$ :o receiv$ all ! hon\r due to a great pr9ce4 ,%e _h a magnific5t ?rone ( gold & silv]2 %e & h] p wor%ipp$ ! ,sun besides ,god4 ,satan1 add$ ! lapw+1 becom+ controv]sial1 _h turn$ !m away f ! tru? le/ !y %\ld wor%ip ! true ,god1 f :om no?+ is hid4 ,& !n ?is little bird ( a /ory l a fairy-tale ends h] disc\rse ) "o ( ^? %>p1 sudd51 anti!tical organ-bla/s :i* aga9 & aga9 lift ! m9d ( ! read] ( ! ,koran into ! highe/ regions ( poetry & religion3 8,god6 !re is no ,god b ,he2 ! ,"l ( ! ,magnific5t ,?rone60 ,:at wond]ful art !re is 9 ! repetition ( ! words :i* _h be5 appli$ j be=e to e>?ly spl5d\r6 ,! effect is ! same z t ( ! words 9 ,arabic :i* we see c>v$ at e turn 9 ! spl5did halls ( ! ,alhambra3 8,god only is conqu]or40 ,:at is ! spl5d\r or ! p[] ( e>?ly k+s8 ,! /ory resumes its c\rse4 ,solomon tells ! lapw+ t !y w see1 by & by1 if %e has told ! tru? or is a li>4 ,he writes a lett] 7:i* tradition says 0 p]fum$ ) musk & seal$ ) ! k+'s signet71 & he comm&s ! bird to take x to ! l& ( ,saba4 ,"s say t ! lapw+ deliv]$ ! lett] by ?r[+ x into ! que5's bosom z %e sat surr\nd$ by h] army2 o!rs t %e br\ght x to h] ?r\gh an op5 w9d[ :5 %e 0 sitt+ 9 h] *amb]3 at any rate1 x rea*$ its de/9ation1 & ! lapw+'s "* 0 completely rehabilitat$4 ,) reg>d to ,que5 ,balkis1 ! ,bible1 ! ,koran1 & ! ,emp]or ,m5elek may be consult$4 ,"o ( ! bea/s mo/ e/eem$ by ,moslems1 "o ( ^? :o1 ) ,balaam's ass1 ,jonah's :ale1 ,abraham's ram1 ,solomon's ant1 & sev]al o!r fav\rite animals1 are kn[n to h be5 admitt$ into ! highe/ heav51 is ! dog 9 ! ,moslem v]sion ( ! 8,sev5 ,sleep]s ( ,ephesus10 ! leg5d ( ! sev5 "y m5 :o hid 9 a cave & slept safely ?r\gh a long p]iod ( p]secution4 ,! dog has a ,div9e comm& to say to ! "y m51 8,i love ^? :o are de> to ,god1 & ,i w gu>d y40 ,he lay /ret*$ across ! m\? ( ! cave dur+ ! :ole "t t ! p]secution la/$4 ,moslems say ( a v av>ici\s man1 8,he w\ld n give a bone to ! dog ( ! ,sev5 ,sleep]s40 ,! dog's "n 0 ,katmr 7?\gh "s said x 0 ,al ,rakm71 & p wrote x z a talisman on important lett]s s5t to a di/ance or ov]sea1 to make sure ( _! arriv+ safely3 x 0 l regi/ration )\t ! fee4 ,he appe>s to h slept1 z did 8 ma/]s1 :ile he gu>d$ ! entrance to ! cave3 ! protection :i* he af=d$ mu/ be attribut$ to 8 sup]natural gifts z a devil-sc>] r ?an to ! wat* he kept4 ,dogs 7 believ$ to see 8?+s invisible to u0--i4e41 demons4 ,if a dog b>ks 9 ! night ! ,fai?ful ask ,god's aid aga9/ ,satan4 ,! cock is also a devil-sc>] & sees angels z well z demons3 :5 he cr[s x is a sign t he has j se5 "o4 ,sometimes g5ii take ! =m ( c]ta9 animals su* z cats1 dogs1 & s]p5ts 7animals :i* are n eat574 ,if a man w\ld kill "o ( ! animals 9 :i* g5ii (t5 appe>1 he mu/ fir/ w>n ! g5ii to vacate its =m4 ,?is means t !re is a great] prejudice aga9/ tak+ ! life ( su* animals ?an 9 ! case ( animals slaught]$ = food1 :5 x is suffici5t 7?\gh necess>y7 to say 8,if x pleases ,god40 ,:ile non-my/ical ,moslems did n respect life z su*1 nev]!less !y realis$ ! great sci5tific tru? t life is ! supreme my/]y4 8,! idols ye invoke besides ,god10 says ! ,koran1 8c nev] create a s+le fly al?\gh !y 7 all assembl$ = t purpose1 & if ! fly snat* any?+ f !m0 7su* z (f]+s ( honey7 8!y _c recov] ! same f x40 ,moslems are fond ( ! leg5d f ! ,gospel ( ! ,infancy ( h[ ! ,*ild ,jesus1 :5 ,he & o!r *ildr5 7 play+ at mak+ clay sp>r[s1 brea!d on ! birds made by ,him & !y flew away or hopp$ on ,8 h&s4 ,! p>5ts ( ! o!r *ildr5 =bade !m to play any m ) ! ,holy ,*ild1 :om !y ?\ght to be a sorc]]4 ,t ! ,jews really imag9$ ! unusual ?+s done by ,*ri/ to be magic-work+1 & t ?is belief ent]$ m into _! wi% to compass ,8 dea? ?an is commonly suppos$1 a k ( ,ea/]n ideas on magic incl9es "o to ?9k4 ,moslems readily admit ! tru? ( ! miracle ( ! sp>r[s z ( ! o!r miracles ( ,jesus2 !y add1 h[ev]1 t life came into ! clay figures 8by p]mission ( ,god40 ,t[>ds ! end ( ! _w1 animals w speak ) human language4 ,be=e ?is happ5s w h come to pass ! reign ( ! 8,rooh ,allah10 ! ,_s ( ,god1 z all ,moslems call ,*ri/4 ,x is told t ,he w desc5d ne> ! ,:ite ,t[] ea/ ( ,damascus & w rema9 on e>? = =ty 7or = tw5ty-f\r7 ye>s1 dur+ :i* p]iod malice & hatr$ w be laid aside & peace & pl5ty w rejoice ! he>ts ( m54 ,:ile ,jesus reigns1 lions & camels & be>s & %eep w live 9 amity & a *ild w play ) s]p5ts unhurt4 ,a k9d ( p]petual local ,nature ,peace prevails at ,mecca2 no animals are all[$ to be slaught]$ )9 a c]ta9 di/ance ( ! sacr$ prec9ct4 ,x %\ld be not$ also t pilgrims are sev]ely prohibit$ f hunt+2 ! word+ ( ! v]se 9 ! ,koran :i* e/abli%es ?is rule seems to imply ! possibility t wild animals !mselves are do+ ! pilgrimage2 h5ce !y mu/ be held sacr$4 ,! law =bidd+ ,moslems to eat ! fle% ( sw9e 0 copi$ f ! ,jewi% ord9ance1 )\t d\bt f ! conviction t x 0 un:olesome4 ,^? :o 7 driv5 by extreme hung] to eat ( x 7 n br&$ z unclean4 ,!re is a curi\s ,indian folk-tale :i* gives an acc\nt ( :y sw9e-fle% 0 =bidd54 ,at ! beg9n+ ,allah re/ra9$ man f eat+ any animals b ^? :i* di$ a natural dea?4 ,z !y did n die z quickly z !y wi%$1 m5 began to ha/5 _! dea?s by /rik+ !m & ?r[+ /ones at !m4 ,! animals compla9$ to ,allah1 :o s5t ,gabriel to ord] all ! m5 & all ! animals to assemble s t ,he might decide ! case4 ,b ! ob/9ate pig did n come4 ,s ,allah said3 8,! pigs1 ! l[e/ ( animals1 are disob$i5t2 let no "o eat !m or t\* !m40 ,!re is no record :atev] ( ! pigs hav+ sign$ a prote/4 ,x is by no means cle> :5 ! prejudice aga9/ dogs took hold ( ! ,moslem m9d4 ,at fir/ _! pres5ce 0 ev5 tol]at$ inside ! ,mosque1 & ! report t ! ,prophet ord]$ all ! dogs at ,m$9a to be kill$1 especially ^? ( a d>k col\r1 is c]ta9ly a fable4 ,! ,caliph ,abu ,djaf> al ,mausur ask$ a le>n$ man ?is v "q3 :y dogs 7 treat$ ) scorn8 ,! le>n$ man 0 s wor?y ( t description t he _h ! c\rage to say he did n "k4 8,tradition said s40 ,! ,caliph sugge/$ t x might be because dogs b>k at gue/s & at begg>s4 ,!re is a mod]n say+ t angels nev] g into a h\se :]e !re is a dog or an image4 ,/ill1 ! ord9>y k9dness ( ! ,turks to ! p>iah dogs at ,con/ant9ople1 :]e ! begg> %>es 8 la/ cru/ ) !m1 %[s t ! feel+ belongs m to philology ?an to nature4 ,! p>iah dog is ! type ( ! despis$ outca/1 b :5 a ,european ?r[s poison$ bread to him ! act is n admir$ by ! ,moslem m ?an x des]ves to be4 ,sev]al savants h ?\ght t ! dog is scorn$ by ,moslems because he 0 rev]$ by ,mazdeans2 t he suff]$ indignity at ! h&s ( ! new believ]s z a prote/ aga9/ ! excess ( hon\r he _h receiv$ f ! old4 ,?is !ory1 ?\gh +5i\s1 does n seem to be borne out by facts4 ,! comp>isons ( ! qualities ( ! good d]vi% & ! dog1 :i* is a sort ( vade mecum ( d]vi%es ev]y:]e1 0 almo/ c]ta9ly sugge/$ by ! 8,eight ,*>act]i/ics0 ( ! dog 9 ! ,ave/a4 ,x is s+ul> t ! dog gets f> bett] treatm5t 9 ! ,moslem comp>isons ?an 9 ! ,mazdean4 8,! dog is always hungry3 s is x ) ! fai?ful2 he sleeps b little by night3 s is x ) ^? plung$ 9 div9e ,love2 if he die1 he leaves no h]itage3 s is x ) ascetics2 he =sakes n 8 ma/] ev5 if driv5 away3 s is x ) adepts2 he is cont5t ) few temporal goods3 s is x ) ! pursu]s ( temp]ance2 if he is expell$ f "o place he seeks ano!r3 s is x ) ! humble2 if he is *a/is$ & dismiss$ & !n call$ back he obeys3 s is x ) ! mode/2 if he sees food he rema9s /&+ af>3 s is x ) ^? :o are consecrat$ to pov]ty2 if he g on a j\rney he c>ries no refre%m5t = ! way3 s is x ) ^? :o h r5\nc$ ! _w40 ,"s ( ^! 8,*>act]i/ics0 are flung back 9 irony at ! d]vi%es by ^? :o bitt]ly d]ide !m1 z ! fri>s 9 ! ages ( ,fai? 7 d]id$ 9 ,europe--)\t its mak+ ! lea/ diff]5ce to _! popul>ity--b ! homily itself is q s]i\s & meant = edification4 ,hasan ,basri1 :o di$ 9 #gbh ,a4,d41 0 ! au?or or adapt]4 ,its wide diffusion is due to ! accuracy ) :i* x depicts ! w&]+ my/ic1 :e!r he be call$ a d]vi% or a ,fake]1 or1 9 ! ,we/]n translation ( ,fake]1 a 8,pov]ello0 ( ,/4 ,francis4 ,a c]ta9 ri* man apologis$ to a ,d]vi% because 8 s]vants1 )\t 8 k1 _h (t5 driv5 him away3 ! holy man %[$1 he said1 great pati5ce & humility 9 com+ back aft] su* ill-treatm5t4 ,! d]vi% repli$ t x 0 no m]it b only "o ( ! 8traits ( ! dog10 :i* returns h[ev] (t5 x is driv5 (f4 ,! wor/ enemies to ! d]vi% h ev] be5 ! ,ulemas1 = :om he is a k9d ( dang]\s lunatic /rongly t+$ ) h]esy4 ,among 8 unconv5tional ideas 0 sure to p5etrate1 m or less1 ! neoplatoni/ or ,sufic view ( animals4 ,:]ev] transc5d5tal m$itations on ! union ( ! creat$ ) ! ,creator beg9 to prevail1 m5's m9ds take ! direction ( admitt+ a m intimate relation ( all liv+ ?+s ) ,god4 ,we might be sure t ! d]vi%es w\ld foll[ ?is psy*ological law ev5 if we c\ld n prove x4 ,to prove x1 h[ev]1 we ne$ g no fur!r ?an ! great pray]1 "o ( ! noble/ ( human pray]s1 :i* is us$ by _m ( ! ,d]vi% ord]s4 ,!re we read3 8,?y sci5ce is ev]la/+ & kn[s ev5 ! numb]s ( ! brea?s ( ,?y creatures3 ,?\ see/ & he>e/ ! movem5ts ( all ,?y creatures2 ?\ he>e/ ev5 ! foot/eps ( ! ant :5 9 ! d>k night %e walks on black /ones2 ev5 ! birds ( ! air praise ,!e 9 _! ne/s2 ! wild bea/s ( ! des]t adore ,!e2 ! mo/ secret z well z ! mo/ expos$ ?\ghts ( ,?y s]vants ,?\ kn[e/44440 ,9 ! same way1 x 0 natural t ! ,d]vi%es %\ld be suppos$ to h ! p[] attribut$ to all holy 7or h>mless7 m5 ov] ! k+s ( ! des]t & =e/4 ,x c\ld n be o!rwise4 ,bi%op ,heb] he>d ( two ,indian ,yogis :o liv$ 9 diff]5t p>ts ( a jungle infe/$ by tig]s 9 p]fect safety2 inde$1 x 0 report$ t "o ( ^! ascetics _h a nightly visit f a tig]1 :o lick$ 8 h&s & 0 fondl$ by him4 ,?is is a ,h9du jungle /ory1 b x w\ld be j z cr$ible if x 7 told ( a ,d]vi%4 ,( ! cr$ibility ( ! fir/ "p ( x1 & probably ( ! la/ also1 !re is n a s+le w&]+ ascetic ( any sort :o w\ld ent]ta9 a d\bt4 ,"s ye>s ago a ,moslem recluse delib]ately put 8 arm into ! cage ( ,moti1 ! tig] 9 ! ,lahore ,zoological ,g>d5s4 ,! tig] lac]at$ ! arm1 & ! poor man di$ 9 ! hospital aft] "s days' suff]+1 dur+ :i* he %[$ p]fect s]5ity4 ,he _h made a mi/ake2 ! tig]1 br\ght up z a cub by ,briti% (fic]s & depriv$ ( 8 lib]ty1 0 n end[$ ) ! p[] ( discrim9ation possess$ by a k+ ( ! wild4 ,?is1 ,i hope1 ! ,fake] reflect$1 b x is m likely t he deem$ t cruel clut* a sign ( 8 own unwor?9ess & accept$ dea? meekly1 hop+ n = rew>d b = p>don4 ,"o w\ld l to "k m ( a book :i* ,mr4 ,*>les ,m4 ,d\ghty f\nd a c]ta9 reput$ sa9t 8por+ & half weep+ ov]10 ! argum5t ( :i* 0 8,god's creatures ! bea/s10 :ile its purpose 0 to %[ t e bea/ yields life-wor%ip unto ,god4 ,ev5 if ?is ,damascus sa9t 0 n v sa9tly 7z ! au?or ( 8,arabia ,des]ta0 h9ts71 yet x is int]e/+ to note t ?is subject %\ld h appe>$ to a w\ld-be new ,messiah ! mo/ important he c\ld *oose = 8 ,gospel4 ,a ,p]sian poet1 ,azz' ,edd9 ,elmocadessi1 advises man to le>n f ! birds1 8,virtues t may gild ?y "n2 ,& _! faults if ?\ w\ld/ scan1 ,"k ?y fail+s are ! same40 ,! recognition 9 animals ( mo/ human qualities 9 a di/9ct ?\gh x may be a limit$ =m und]lies all ,ea/]n animal-lore & gives x a =ce & a reality ev5 :5 x deals ) extravagant fancies4 ,!re is a broad diff]5ce betwe5 ! p[] ( feel+ = animals & ! p[] ( feel+ ) !m4 ,! same diff]5ce m\lds ! s5tim5ts ( man to man3 n9e m5 9 t5 c feel = _! fell[-humans1 b sc>cely "o man 9 t5 c feel ) !m4 ,!y ev5 "k x1 & !y say ungrammatically1 8,i feel ! greate/ sympa?y = s & s40 ,an in/ance ( true mitempf9dung1 ( insight into ! v s\l ( a creature1 exi/s 9 an ,arabian poem by ,lebid1 :o 0 "o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ figures ( ! p]iod 9 :i* ! de/9ies ( ! ,arab race 7 ca/4 ,he 0 ! glory ( ! ,arabs1 n only on acc\nt ( 8 faultless v]se1 b also because ( 8 noble "*4 ,x is told ( him t :5ev] an ea/ w9d blew1 he provid$ a fea/ = ! poor4 ,himself a pre-,islamic !i/1 he hail$ ! ,prophet z ! inspir$ enunciator ( ! cre$ he _h held imp]fectly & 9 private4 ,all 8 poems 7 compos$ 9 ! 8,ignorance02 on be+ ask$ = a poem aft] 8 conv]sion at n9ety ye>s ( age1 he copi$ out a *apt] ( ! ,koran1 & said1 8,god has giv5 me ?is 9 ex*ange = poesy40 ,i d n ?9k ?is meant t he despis$ ! poet's art1 b t n[1 :5 he c\ld no long] ex]cise x1 he _h :at 0 /ill m preci\s4 ,! passage 9 "q is "o ( sev]al :i* %[ ,lebid's surpris+ly close acqua9tance ) ! ways & ?\ghts ( wild animals4 ,x is "o ( ^? elaborate similes :i* 7 ! pride ( ,arabian poets1 :o (t5 pref]r$ to take comp>isons already 9 use ?an to inv5t new ones4 ,:]ev] lit]ature became a liv+ ent]ta9m5t1 some?+ ( ?is k9d happ5$3 witness ! borr[+s f ! ,classics by ! poets ( ! ,r5aissance2 p lik$ to recognise famili> ideas 9 a new dress4 ,lebid's similes h be5 turn$ & re-turn$ by o!r poets1 b none approa*$ ! art & tru? he infus$ into !m4 ,i am indebt$ to ,sir ,*>les ,lyall = ! foll[+ v]sion1 :i* is n includ$ 9 8 volume ( spl5did translations ( e>ly ,arabian poetry4 ,! subject ( ! passage is ! grief ( a wild c[ t has lo/ h] calf3-- 8,flat-nos$ is %e--%e has lo/ h] calf & ceases n to roam ,ab\t ! m>ge ( ! s& mead[s & cry ,= h] y\ngl+1 j wean$1 :ite1 ^: limbs h be5 torn ,by ! a%-grey hunt+ wolves :o lack n = food4 ,!y came ^u x :ile %e knew n1 & dealt h] a deadly woe3 --,v]ily1 ,dea?1 :5 x %oots1 misses n ! m>k6 ,! night came ^u h]1 z ! dripp+ ra9 ( ! /eady %[] ,p\r$ on & its cont9u\s fl[ soak$ ! leafage ?r\gh & ?r\gh4 ,%e took refuge 9 ! holl[ trunk ( a tree ) l(ty bran*es /&+ ap>t ,on ! skirts ( ! s&hills :]e ! f9e s& slop$ h] way4 ,! /eady ra9 p\r$ d[n1 & ! flood rea*$ ! ridge ( h] back1 ,9 a night :5 ?ick d>kness hid away all ! />s2 ,& %e %one 9 ! face ( ! mirk ) a :ite1 glimm]+ light ,l a pe>l born 9 a sea-%ell1 t has dropp$ f its /r+4 ,until1 :5 ! d>kness 0 fold$ away & morn+ dawn$1 ,%e /ood1 h] legs slipp+ 9 ! muddy e>?4 ,%e w&]$ di/ract$ ab\t all ! pools ( ,s'id ,= sev5 nights tw9n$ ) sev5 :ole long days1 ,until %e lo/ all hope1 & h] udd]s %runk-- ,! udd]s t _h n fail$ 9 all ! days ( ! suckl+ & wean+1 ,!n %e he>d ! s\nd ( m5 & x fill$ h] he>t ) fe>1 ,( m5 f a hidd5 place2 & m51 %e knew1 7 h] bane4 ,%e ru%$ bl9dly along1 n[ ?9k+ ! *ase be=e1 ,& n[ beh9d h]3 ea* 0 a place ( dread4 ,until1 :5 ! ar*]s lo/ hope1 !y let loose on h] ,tra9$ h\nds ) hang+ e>s1 ea* ) a /iff lea!r coll> on its neck2 ,!y beset h] & %e turn$ to meet !m ) h] horns ,l to spe>s ( ,semh> 9 _! %>pness & _! l5g?4 ,to ?ru/ !m away3 = %e knew well1 if %e drove !m n (f1 ,t ! fat$ day ( h] dea? among ! fates ( bea/s _h come2 ,& among !m1 ,kesb 0 ?ru/ ?r\gh & sla9 & roll$ 9 blood lay !re1 ,& ,sukhm 0 left 9 ! place :]e he made 8 onset40 ,!re ! description breaks (f4 ,9 spite ( ! haunt+ cry ( ! c[ ( ,lucretius1 9 spite ( ! immortal te>s ( ,%akespe>e's 8poor seque/]'d /ag0--no vision ( a desp]ate animal 9 all lit]ature seems to me s *>g$ ) e elem5t ( pa?os & dramatic int5sity z ?is c[ ( ,lebid4 ,h[ f9e is ! altoge!r un=ese5 close1 :i* leaves u wond]+1 brea?less3 ,w %e escape8 ,w no rev5geful arr[ rea* h]8 ,w ! ar*]s d z ,om ,piet did to ! wildebee/8-- 8,a wildebee/ c[ & calf 7 pursu$ by ,om ,piet ) ?ree hunt+-dogs4 ,! ,bo] hunt] tells ! tale3 #8,! old c[ laid ! fir/ dog l[2 ! calf is n[ tir$4 ,! second dog comes up to seize x2 ! c[ /rikes him d[n4 ,n[ ! ?ird dog tries to bite ! little "o1 :o c run no m1 b ! c[ treats him s t !re's no?+ to be done b to %oot him4 ,!n ,om ,piet /&s face to face ) ! wildebee/1 :o snorts b does n fly4 ,n[ ?\gh ,i come to %oot a wildebee/ yet c ,i n kill a bea/ t has s bravely f\ght & w n run away2 s ,om ,piet takes (f 8 hat1 & says1 8,good-day to y1 old wildebee/4 ,y are a good & /rong old wildebee/40 ,& we d9e (f spr+buck t night at ! f>m4'0#g ,footnote #g3 8,a ,brea? f ! ,veldt10 by ,guille ,millais1 #bnd edition1 #ahii4 ,i ought to expla9 t1 l ! 8c[0 ( ,om ,piet1 ,lebid's 8c[0 is an antelope--! ,antilope defassa--( :i* a good specim5 may be se5 9 ! ,natural ,hi/ory ,museum at ,s\? ,k5s+ton4 ,! old ,bo]'s hunt+ y>n br+s an unexpect$ confirmation ( ! ,arabian poet's te/imony to its c\rage & mat]nal love4 ,s9ce ! *ase began1 d[n to ! bl9d brutality ( ! battue 7:i* wip$ x out7 *ivalry has be5 a trait ( ! g5u9e sportsman4 ,9 ! gold5 leg5d ( hunt]'s g5]osity %\ld be inscrib$ = ev] ! tale--! true tale z ,i believe x to be--( ! ,moslem pr9ce ,sebectigh91 :o rose f slave-bir? to ! greate/ ( ,p]sian ?rones--& m hon\r to him1 not)/&+ ! slur :i* ,firdusi1 /ung by ,mahm\d's want ( appreciation1 ca/1 9 a fooli% mom5t1 on 8 fa!r's orig94 ,sebectigh9 0 a horseman 9 ! s]vice ( ! ,sultan & z a prep>ation = great] ?+s he f\nd a v5t = 8 p5t-up en]gies 9 ! *ase4 ,"o day he rem>k$ a de] ) h] little fawn peacefully graz+ 9 a glade ( ! =e/4 ,he gallop$ to ! spot1 & 9 less ?an a second he _h seiz$ ! fawn1 :i*1 aft] b9d+ its legs1 he plac$ across 8 saddle-b[s4 ,?us he />t$ to g home1 b look+ back1 he saw ! "m foll[+1 ) e m>k ( grief4 ,sebectigh9's he>t 0 t\*$2 he loos5$ ! fawn & re/or$ x to its dam4 ,& 9 ! night he _h a vision 9 8 dreams ( ,"o :o said to him1 8,! k9dness & compassion :i* ?\ ha/ ?is day %[n to a di/ress$ animal has be5 approv$ ( 9 ! pres5ce ( ,god2 !re=e 9 ! records ( ,provid5ce ! k+dom ( ,ghusni is m>k$ z a rew>d aga9/ ?y "n4 ,let n greatness de/roy ?y virtue1 b cont9ue ?y b5evol5ce to man40 ,among ! ,afghan ballads collect$ by ,james ,d>me/et]1 ( :i* x has be5 aptly said t !y give an admirable idea ( ,hom] 9 a /ate ( becom+1 !re is "o compos$ 9 a g5tl] mood ?an ! songs ( w> & c>nage :i* has a gazelle = h]o9e & ! ,prophet z ,deus ex ma*9a4 ,z !re is no translation ( x into ,engli% ,i h attempt$ ! foll[+ v]sion3-- 8,! ,son ( ,abu ,jail he set a sn>e = a gazelle1 ,)\t a ?\ght along %e sp$1 & 9 ! sn>e %e fell4 #8,o woe is me6' %e weep+ cri$1 #8t ,i to look =got6 ,fa9 w\ld ,i live = my de> babes1 b hope1 alas6 is n4' ,!n to ! ,m]ciful %e made ?is %ort & f]v5t pray]3 #8,i left two little fawns at home2 ,"l1 keep !m 9 ,?y c>e6' ,! son ( ,abu ,jail he came1 9 ha/e & glee he ran1 #8,ah1 n[ ,i've got y 9 my net1 & :o to save y c8' ,he grasp$ h] by h] t5d] ?roat1 8 fe>some sword did draw1 ,:5 lo6 ! ,"l held back 8 h&6 ,! ,prophet's self he saw6 #8,! _w 0 sav$ = love ( !e1 save = ?y pity's sake6' ,s brea!d ! trembl+ doe1 & !n ! holy ,prophet spake3 #8,abu1 my fri5d1 ?is doe let g1 & h>k to my appeal2 ,%e has two t5d] fawns at home :o pangs ( hung] feel1 #8,let h] g back "o h\r to !m1 no long] w %e /ay1 ,& :5 %e comes1 ,o he>tless man1 !n maye/ ?\ h ?y way6 ,b if1 by *ance1 %e %\ld n come1 !n by my fai? w ,i ,be unto !e a bond$ slave until ! day ,i die4' ,!n ,abu ! gazelle let g2 to h] de> "y %e w5t1 #8,quick1 *ildr51 take my brea/1' %e said1 #8my life is almo/ sp5t2 #8,! ,ma/] ( ! ,univ]se = me a pl$ge ,i gave1 ,b ,i mu/ swift return & !n no man my life c save4' ,!n said ! little ones to h]1 #8,"m1 we d>e n eat2 ,g swiftly back1 r$eem ! pl$ge1 fa/ z c fly ?y feet4' ,"o h\r _h sc>ce run fully out :51 pant+1 %e 0 !re2 ,n[1 ,abu1 son ( ,abu1 ?\ maye/ take h] life or sp>e6 ,said ,abu1 #8,9 ! ,prophet's "n1 dep>t1 ,i set y free 444 ,b ?\1 our ,help]1 at ,god's ?rone1 d ?\ rememb] me6' ,s h ,i told1 z long ago my fa!r us$ to tell1 ,h[ ,pagan ,abu ,moslem turn$ & sav$ 8 s\l f hell40 ,?is brief sket* w suffice to %[ t if ! ,moslem is n humane to animals x is 8 own fault1 z ,i ?9k x is 8 own fault if he is n humane to man4 ,tea*+ humanity to animals mu/ always imply ! tea*+ ( humanity to m54 ,?is 0 p]fectly und]/ood well by all ^! ,ori5tal tell]s ( bea/-/ories3 !y w\ld all h endors$ ! say+ ( "o ( my ,lomb>d peasant-wom5 7de>1 good s\l671 8,*i non buono p] le be/ie1 non buono p] i ,cri/iani02 ,cri/iano mean+1 9 ,italian popul> spee*1 a human be+4 ,"u ! mo/ v>i$ =ms1 9 fiction :i* :ile ! _w la/s1 c nev] lose its fre%ness1 ! law ( k9dness is br\ght home4 ,p]haps ! mo/ beautiful ( all humane leg5ds is "o pres]v$ 9 a poem by ,abu ,mohamm$ b5 ,yusuf1 ,%eikh ,nizan-edd91 kn[n to ,europeans z ,nizami4 ,?is ,p]sian poet1 :o di$ sixty-?ree ye>s be=e ,dante 0 born1 may h tak5 ! leg5d f "s collection ( ,*ri/-lore1 "s uncanonical book impossible n[ to trace2 x is unlikely t he inv5t$ x4 ,z ,jesus walks ) ,8 disciples ?r\gh ! m>ket-place at ev5+1 ,he comes ^u a cr[d :i* is giv+ v5t to e expression ( abhorr5ce at ! sight ( a poor dead dog ly+ 9 ! gutt]4 ,:5 !y h all _h _! say1 & h po9t$ 9 disgu/ to 8 ble> eyes1 f\l e>s1 b>e ribs1 torn hide1 8:i* w n ev5 yield a dec5t %oe-/r+10 ,jesus says1 8,h[ beautifully :ite 8 tee? are60 ,no /ory ( ! ,savi\r outside ! ,gospels is s wor?y to h be5 9 !m4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,xii ,,! ,,fri5d ,,( ,,! ,,creature ,,9 ,h9du my?ology ,gundhya attracts a :ole =e/ful ( bea/s by recit+ 8 poems to !m4 ,! p[] ( ,apollo & ( ,orpheus 9 tam+ bea/s dep5d$ on a f> less surpris+ modus op]&i2 l ! great] "p ( my?s1 ?is "o 0 n spun f ! ?9 air ( imag9ation4 ,music has a real influ5ce on animals2 9 spite ( !ories to ! contr>y1 x is probable t ! sweet flute-play+ ( ! snake-*>m]--8 8sweet *>m+0 9 ,biblical phrase--is no m]e piece ( !atrical bus9ess1 b a v]itable aid 9 obta9+ ! desir$ results4 ,i myself c\ld once attract fieldmice by play+ on ! viol91 & only lately1 on ! road ne> our h\se at ,sal1 ,i notic$ t a goat manife/$ signs ( wi%+ to /op be=e a gr9d-organ2 its ma/] pull$ ! /r+ by :i* x 0 l$1 b x tugg$ at x s p]si/5tly t1 at la/1 he /opp$1 & ! goat1 turn+ r\nd its head1 li/5$ ) evid5t att5tion4 ,indep5d5tly ( ! pleasure music may give to animals1 x excites _! curiosity1 a faculty :i* is extremely alive 9 !m1 z may be se5 by ! way 9 :i* small birds are attract$ by ! pretty antics ( ! little ,italian owl2 !y _c resi/ go+ ne> to h a bett] view1 & s !y ru% to _! doom ^u ! lim$ /icks4 ,leg5ds h an inn] & an out] mean+2 ! allegory ( ,apollo1 ,"l ( ,h>mony1 w\ld h be5 incomplete _h x lack$ ! beautiful incid5t ( a ,nature ,peace--p>tial inde$1 b /ill a fair] triumph to ! god ?an 8 ,olympian hon\rs4 ,= n9e ye>s he wat*$ ! %eep ( ,admetus1 z ,euripides describ$3-- 8,py!an ,apollo1 ma/] ( ! lyre1 ,:o deign$ to be a h]dsman & among ,?y flocks on hills 8 hymns cele/ial sung2 ,& 8 delightful melodies to he> ,w\ld spott$ lynx & lions fi]ce draw ne>2 ,!y came f ,o?ry's immemorial %ade1 ,by *>m ( music tame & h>mless made2 ,& ! swift1 dappl$ fawns w\ld !re resort1 ,f ! tall p9e-woods & ab\t him sport40 ,:5 ,apollo gave ,orpheus 8 lyre1 he gave him 8 gift 8to soo! ! savage brea/40 ,9 ! spl5did ,pompeian fresco %[+ a ,nature ,peace1 ! bay-cr[n$1 c5tral figure is said to be ,orpheus1 ?\gh its god-l proportions sugge/ ! div9ity himself4 ,at any rate1 no?+ c be f9] z ! conception ( an inspir$ musician3 ! :ole body s+s1 n only ! m\?4 ,a lion & a tig] sit on ei!r side2 bel[1 a /ag & a wild bo> li/5 att5tively1 & a little h>e cap]s ne> ! /ream4 ,9 ! upp] section !re are o!r wild bea/s sport+ r\nd an elephant1 :ile ox5 play ) a tig]2 an anticipation ( ! ox & tig] 9 ,rub5s' 8,g>d5 ( ,ed540 ,! p[] ( ,orpheus to subdue wild bea/s 0 ! reason :y ! e>ly ,*ri/ians took him z a type ( ,*ri/4 ,( all ! prophecies :i* 7 believ$ to ref] to ! ,messiah none s captivat$ ! popul> m9d z ^? :i* c\ld be int]pret$ z ref]r+ to ,8 recognition by animals4 ,! f\r ,gospels :i* became ! canon ( ! ,*ur* ?rew no light on ! subject1 b ! gap 0 fill$ up by ! uncanonical books2 "o might ?9k t !y 7 writt5 pr9cipally = ! purpose ( dwell+ on ?is !me1 s frequ5tly d !y return to x4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 !y br+ ^u ! sc5e ^? de> objects ( our *ildhood's affection1 ! ass & ! ox ( ! /able ( ,be?lehem4 ,surely _m ( u *]i% ! impression t ass & ox re/ on mo/ or?odox te/imony3 an idea :i* is c]ta9ly g5]al 9 ,ca?olic c\ntries1 ?\gh1 ! o!r day1 ,i he>d ( a ,fr5* prie/ :o 0 he>tless en\gh to decl>e t !y 7 purely imag9>y4 8,alas10 z ,voltaire said1 8p run aft] tru?60 ,z a matt] ( fact1 x appe>s evid5t t ! ass & ! ox 7 introduc$ to fulfil ! prophecy ( ,isaiah3 8,! ox kn[e? 8 own] & ! ass 8 ma/]'s mang]1 b ,israel kn[e? ,me n40 ,b !re arose :at 0 ?\ght a difficulty3 ! apocryphal ,gospels1 9 h>mony ) ! e>lie/ traditions1 place ! bir? ( ,*ri/1 n 9 a /able1 b 9 ! grotto :i* is /ill %[n to travell]s4 ,to reconcile ?is ) ! leg5d ( ! ass & ox & also ) ! n>rative ( ,/4 ,luke1 x 0 suppos$ t ! ,holy ,family mov$ f ! grotto to a /able a few days aft] ! ,*ild 0 born4 ,?is is a curi\s case ( f9d+ a difficulty :]e !re 0 none1 = x is v likely t ! caves ne> ! great ,khan ( ,be?lehem 7 us$ z /ables4 ,9 e primitive c\ntry %eph]ds %elt] !mselves & _! flocks 9 holes 9 rocks2 ,i rememb] ! 8uncanny0 effect ( a light flick]+ 9 ! dep?s ( a ,phnician tomb ne> ,cagli>i2 x 0 almo/ disappo9t+ to he> t x 0 only a %eph]d's fire4 ,?omas1 8! ,israelite philosoph]10 z he call$ himself1 au?or ( ! ,pseudo-,?omas :i* is said to date f ! second c5tury1 appe>s to h be5 a ,jewi% conv]t belong+ to "o ( ! innum]able 8h]etical0 sects ( ! e>lie/ times4 ,x may be guess$1 !re=e1 t ! ,pseudo-,?omas 0 fir/ writt5 9 ,syriac1 ?\gh ! text we possess is 9 ,greek4 ,x is consid]$ ! model on :i* all ! o!r ,gospels ( ! ,infancy 7 f\nd$1 b ! ,arabic v>iant conta9s s mu* div]g5t matt] z to make x probable t ! writ] drew on "s o!r e>ly s\rce :i* has n be5 pres]v$4 ,mohamm$ 0 acqua9t$ ) ?is ,arabian ,gospel1 & ,mohamm$ans did n cease to v5]ate ! sycamore-tree at ,mat>ea "u :i* ! ,arabian evangeli/ /ates t ! ,virg9 & ,*ild re/$1 till x di$ ab\t a ye> ago4 ,! ,pseudo-,?omas conta9s "s v9dictive /ories1 :i* 7 modifi$ or omitt$ 9 ! o!r v]sions3 probably !y are all to be trac$ to ,eli%a & 8 %e-be>s3 a !ory :i* ,i (f] to ^? :o _c imag9e h[ !y arose4 ,a curi\s feature 9 ^! writ+s is ! sc>city ( any?+ actually orig9al2 ! mo/ orig9al /ory to be f\nd 9 !m is t ( ! clay sp>r[s1 :i* captivat$ ! ,ea/ & p5etrat$ into ! folk-lore ev5 ( remote ,icel&4 ,not)/&+ ! fulm9ations ( ,c\ncils1 ! apocryphal ,gospels 7 nev] suppress$2 !y enjoy$ an enorm\s popul>ity dur+ ! ,middle ,ages1 & _m details d]iv$ solely f ^! condemn$ books crept into ! ,leg5da ,aurea & o!r /rictly or?odox works4 ,! 8,little ,*ild0 ( ,isaiah's prophecy 0 ! cause ( troops ( wild bea/s be+ convok$ to att5d ! ,infant ,*ri/4 ,lions act$ z guides = ! flight into ,egypt1 & x is m5tion$ t n only did !y respect ! ,holy ,family1 b also ! asses & ox5 :i* c>ri$ _! baggage4 ,besides1 ! lions1 leop>ds1 & o!r creatures 8wagg$ _! tails ) great rev]5ce0 7?\gh all ^! animals are n ( ! dog species1 b ( ! cat1 9 :i* wagg+ ! tail signifies ! rev]se ( cont5t74 ,?is is ! subject ( an old ,engli% ballad3-- 8,& :5 !y came to ,egypt's l&1 ,among/ ^? fi]ce wild bea/s1 ,m>y1 %e be+ we>y1 ,mu/ ne$s sit d[n to re/4 #8,come1 sit !e d[n1' said ,jesus1 #8,come1 sit !e d[n by ,me1 ,& ?\ %all see h[ ^! wild bea/s ,d come & wor%ip ,me4'0 ,fir/ to come 0 ! 8lovely lion10 k+ ( all wild bea/s1 & = our in/ruction ! moral is add$3 8,we'll *oose our virtu\s pr9ces ( bir? & high degree40 ,sad rhymes !y are1 nor1 x w be said1 is ! s5se mu* bett]2 yet1 hundr$s ( ye>s ago 9 ,engli% villages1 :]e1 p]haps1 only "o man knew h[ to read1 ?is dogg]el s]v$ ! end ( ! highe/ poetry3 x transport$ ! m9d into an ideal region2 x ?rew into ! ,engli% l&scape des]ts1 lions1 a ,heav5ly ,*ild2 x /irr$ ! he>t ) ! romance ( ! unkn[n2 x :isp]$ to ! s\l-- 8,! ,n[ is an atom ( s&1 ,& ! ,ne> is a p]i%+ clod2 ,b ,af> is a ,fary ,l&1 ,& ,beyond is ! bosom ( ,god40 ,! pseudo-gospel ( ,mat!w relates an incid5t :i* ref]s to a lat] p]iod 9 ! ,holy ,*ildhood4 ,accord+ to ?is n>rative1 :5 ,jesus 0 eight ye>s old ,he w5t into ! d5 ( a lioness :i* fright5$ travell]s on ! road by ! ,jordan4 ,! little cubs play$ r\nd ,8 feet1 :ile ! old] lions b[$ _! heads & fawn$ on ,him4 ,! ,jews1 :o saw x f a di/ance1 said t ,jesus or ,8 p>5ts mu/ h committ$ mortal s9 = ,him to g into ! lion's d54 ,b com+ =?1 ,he told !m t ^! lions 7 bett] behav$ ?an !y2 & !n ,he l$ ! wild bea/s across ! ,jordan & comm&$ !m to g _! way1 hurt+ no "o1 nei!r %\ld any "o hurt !m till !y _h return$ to _! own c\ntry4 ,s !y bade ,him f>ewell ) g5tle ro>s & ge/ures ( respect4 ,^! /ories are innoc5t1 & !y are ev5 pretty1 = all /ories ( great1 /rong animals & little *ildr5 are pretty4 ,b !y fail to reveal ! slighte/ appreh5sion ( ! deep] significance ( a peace betwe5 all creatures4 ,turn f !m to ! wond]ful l9es ( ,william ,blake3-- 8,& !re ! lion's ruddy eyes ,%all fl[ ) te>s ( gold1 ,& pity+ ! t5d] cries ,& walk+ r\nd ! fold ,say+3 ,wra? by ,8 meekness1 ,& by ,8 heal? sickness1 ,are driv5 away ,f our mortal day4 ,& n[ beside !e1 bleat+ lamb1 ,i c lie d[n & sleep1 ,or ?9k on ,him :o bore ?y "n1 ,graze aft] !e1 & weep2 ,=1 wa%$ 9 life's riv]1 ,my bright mane = ev] ,%all %9e l ! gold ,z ,i gu>d o'er ! fold40 ,no "o b ,blake w\ld h writt5 ?is1 & few ?+s t he wrote are s *>act]i/ic ( 8 g5ius4 ,! eye ( ! pa9t] seizes :at ! m9d ( ! my/ic conceives1 & ! poet sur*>ges ) emotion words :i*1 l ! ,v$ic hymns1 infuse ?\ght r ?an express x4 ,a s+le passage 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t connects ,*ri/ ) wild animals2 9 ,/4 ,m>k's ,gospel we are told t aft] ,8 baptism 9 ! ,jordan ,jesus 0 driv5 by ! ,_s into ! wild]ness1 :]e 8,he 0 ) ! wild bea/s1 & ! angels m9i/]$ unto ,him40 ,9 ! ,ea/ ! idea ( ! an*orite :o leaves ! haunts ( m5 = ! haunts ( bea/s 0 already fabul\sly old4 ,9 ! ,we/]n _w ( ! ,roman ,empire x 0 a new idea1 & p]haps on t acc\nt1 :ile x excit$ ! horror ( ^? :o 7 fai?ful to ! =m] ord] ( ?+s1 x awoke an extraord9>y en?usiasm among ! m ard5t vot>ies ( ! new fai?4 ,x l$ to ! discov]y ( ! inebriation ( solitude1 ! p[]ful /imulus ( a life ) wild nature4 ,_m tir$ bra9-work]s h rec\rse to m\nta9 asc5ts z a re/orative1 b ^! c r>ely be p]=m$ alone1 & high m\nta9s ) _! imm5se horizons t5d to ov]:elm r ?an to collect ! m9d4 ,b to w&] alone 9 a =e/1 day aft] day1 )\t p>ticul> aim1 dr9k+ 9 ! pung5t od\rs ( gr[+ ?+s1 =d+ ! ice-cold /reams1 meet+ no "o b a bird or a h>e--?is w leave a memory z ( ano!r exi/5ce 9 "s en*ant$ sph]e4 ,we h ta/$ an ec/asy t cities _c give4 ,we h ta/$ x1 & we h come back into ! cr[d$ places1 & x may be well = u t we h come back1 = n to all is x giv5 to walk 9 safety alone ) _! s\ls4 ,illu/ration3 ,photo3 ,&]son4 ,,/4 ,,j]ome ,,extract+ ,a ,,?orn ,,f ,,! ,,paw ,,( ,a ,,lion4 7,by ,hub]t van ,eyck47 ,naples ,museum4 ,( "o ( ! e>lie/ ,*ri/ian an*orites 9 ,egypt x is relat$ t = fifty ye>s he spoke to no "o2 he roam$ 9 a /ate ( nature1 fly+ f ! monks :o attempt$ to approa* him4 ,at la/ he cons5t$ to answ] "s que/ions put by a recluse ^: extreme piety caus$ him to be bett] receiv$ ?an ! o!rs4 ,to ! "q ( :y he avoid$ mank9d1 he repli$ t ^? :o dwelt ) m5 c\ld n be visit$ by angels4 ,aft] say+ ?is1 he vani%$ aga9 into ! des]t4 ,i h obs]v$ t ! idea ( r5\nc+ ! _w 0 n a ,we/]n idea1 yet1 at ! po9t :]e x t\*es madness1 x _h already p5etrat$ into ! ,we/--we "k :]e to f9d its tragic record3-- 8,ego vitam agam sub altis ,phrygiae colum9ibus1 ,ubi c]va silvicultrix1 ubi ap] nemorivagus80 ,! po9t ( madness w\ld h be5 rea*$ m (t5 b = ! *>ity ( ! /ag & ! wild bo> & ! lion & ! buffalo1 :o felt a sort ( compassion = ! h>mless1 weak human creatures t came among !m1 & :o 7 ready to give t response :i* is ! su/a9+ i*or ( life4 ,! same causes produce ! same effects--man may (f] surprises b nev] m54 ,:]ev] !re are solit>ies !re are fri5d%ips betwe5 ! recluse & ! wild bea/4 ,all sorts ( /ories ( lions & o!r animals t 7 on fri5dly t]ms ) ! monks ( ! des]t h come d[n to u 9 ! leg5ds ( ! ,sa9ts4 ,! well-kn[n leg5d ( h[ ,/4 ,j]ome reliev$ a lion ( a ?orn :i* 0 giv+ him great pa91 & h[ ! lion became tame1 0 really told ( ano!r sa9t1 b ,j]ome1 if he did n figure 9 a lion /ory1 is ! au?ority = "o3 9 8 life ( ,paul ! ,h]mit he relates t :5 t holy man di$1 two lions came out ( ! des]t to dig 8 grave2 !y utt]$ a l\d wail ov] 8 body & knelt d[n to crave a bless+ f 8 surviv+ companion--none o!r ?an ! great ,/4 ,an?ony4 ,he also says t ,paul _h subsi/$ = _m ye>s on food br\ght to him by birds1 & :5 he _h a visitor ! birds br\ght d\ble rations4 ,z soon z ! h]mit appe>s 9 ,europe 8 f\r-foot$ fri5ds appe> ) him4 ,= in/ance1 !re 0 ! holy ,k>ileff :o tam$ a buffalo4 ,k>ileff 0 a man ( noble l9eage :o took up 8 abode ) two companions 9 a cle>+ 9 ! woods on ! ,m>ne1 :]e he 0 soon surr\nd$ by all sorts ( wild ?+s4 ,among/ ^! 0 a buffalo1 "o ( ! mo/ intractable ( bea/s 9 its wild /ate1 b ?is buffalo became p]fectly tame1 & x 0 a *>m+ sight to see ! ag$ sa9t /rok+ x s(tly betwe5 its horns4 ,n[ x happ5$ t ! k+1 :o 0 ,*ildeb]t1 son ( ,clovis1 came to "k t !re 0 a buffalo 9 ! neighb\rhood1 & =?) he ord]$ a gr& hunt4 ,! buffalo1 see+ itself lo/1 fl$ to ! hut ( its holy protector1 & :5 ! huntsm5 approa*$ !y f\nd ! monk /&+ 9 front ( ! animal4 ,! k+ 0 furi\s1 & swore t ,k>ileff & 8 bre?r5 %\ld leave ! place = ev]2 !n he turn$ to g1 b 8 horse w\ld n move "o /ep4 ,?is fill$ him ) :at 0 m likely panic fe> ?an compunction2 he lo/ no "t 9 ask+ ! sa9t = 8 bless+1 & he pres5t$ him ) ! :ole doma91 9 :i* an abbey 0 built & ultimately a t[n1 ! pres5t ,sa9t-,calais4 ,on ano!r occasion ! same ,*ildeb]t 0 hunt+ a h>e1 :i* took refuge "u ! habit ( ,/4 ,m>culphe2 ! k+'s huntsman rudely expo/ulat$1 & ! monk surr5d]$ ! h>e1 b1 lo & behold6 ! dogs w\ld n cont9ue ! pursuit & ! huntsman fell (f 8 horse6 ,a ve9 ( m subtle s5sibility runs ?r\gh ! /ory ( ,/4 ,columba1 :o1 n long be=e 8 dea?1 ord]$ a /ork to be pick$ up & t5d$ :5 x dropp$ exhau/$ on ! ,we/]n %ore ( ,iona4 ,aft] ?ree days1 he said1 ! /ork w\ld dep>t1 8= %e comes f ! l& :]e ,i 0 born & ?i!r w\ld %e return40 ,9 fact1 on ! ?ird day1 ! /ork1 re/$ & refre%$1 spread out its w+s & sail$ away /raight t[>ds ! sa9t's belov$ ,irel&4 ,:5 ,columba 0 really dy+ ! old :ite horse ( ! conv5t came & laid its head on 8 %\ld] ) an air ( su* pr(\nd melan*oly t x seem$ nigh to weep+4 ,a bro!r wi%$ to drive x away1 b ! sa9t said ,no2 ,god _h reveal$ to ! horse :at 0 hidd5 f man1 & x 0 come to bid him goodbye4 ,evid5tly !re is only a slight elem5t ( ! m>vell\s 9 ^! leg5ds & none at all 9 o!rs1 su* z ! /ory ( ,wal>ic1 :o f$ little birds & told ! monks n to approa* or fright5 8 8little fri5ds0 :ile !y pick$ up ! crumbs4 ,to ! same ord] belong sev]al well-au!nticat$ /ories ( ! ,v5]able ,joseph ( ,an*ieta1 apo/le ( ,brazil4 ,he protect$ ! p>rots t alight$ on a %ip by :i* he 0 travell+ f ! m]ciless sailors :o w\ld h caught & kill$ !m4 ,:il/ desc5d+ a riv] he w\ld h sav$ a monkey :i* "s fi%]m5 %ot at ) _! arr[s1 b he 0 n 9 "t2 ! o!r monkeys ga!r$ r\nd _! sla9 comrade ) signs ( m\rn+3 8,come ne>10 said ! holy man1 8& weep 9 peace = t "o ( y :o is no m40 ,pres5tly1 fe>+ n to be able long] to re/ra9 ! cruelty ( ! m51 he bade !m dep>t ) ,god's bless+4 ,"h is no m>vel2 only sympa?y :i* is sometimes ! greate/ ( m>vels4 ,x ne$$ ! m9d ( a ,%akespe>e to probe j ?is secret recess ( feel+ = animals3-- 8---- ,:at do/ ?\ /rike at1 ,m>cus1 ) ?y knife8 ---- ,at t ,i h kill$1 my ,"l1 a fly4 ---- ,out on !e1 murd]]1 ?\ kille/ my he>t2 ,m9e eyes are cloy$ ) view ( tyranny2 ,a de$ ( dea? done on ! innoc5t1 ,becomes n ,titus' bro!r2 get !e gone1 ,i see ?\ art n = my company4 ---- ,alas6 my ,"l1 ,i h b kill$ a fly4 ---- ,b h[ if t fly _h a fa!r & "m8 ,h[ w\ld he hang 8 sl5d] gild$ w+s ,& buz lam5t$ do+s 9 ! air8 ,poor h>mless fly6 ,t ) 8 pretty buzz+ melody ,came "h to make u m]ry1 & ?\ ha/ kill$ him40 ,if ,/4 ,b]n>d saw a h>e pursu$ by dogs or birds ?reat5$ by a hawk he c\ld n resi/ mak+ ! sign ( ! cross1 & 8 b5$iction always br\ght safety4 ,x is to ?is sa9t t we owe ! exquisite say+1 8,if m]cy 7 a s9 ,i ?9k ,i c\ld n keep myself f committ+ x40 ,illu/ration3 ,photo3 ,hanfslngl4 ,,/4 ,,eu/ace ,,& ,,! ,,/ag4 7,by ,vittore ,pisano47 ,national ,gall]y4 ,ap>t f ! re/1 /&s "o sa9t :o br\ght ! wild to ! neighb\rhood ( a bu/l+1 traffick+ little ,italian t[n ( ! ?irte5? c5tury & peopl$ x ) creatures :i*1 :e!r ( fancy or ( fact1 w live = ev]4 ,h[ ,/4 ,francis tam$ ! 8wolf ( ,agobio0 is ! mo/ fam\s if n altoge!r ! mo/ cr$ible ( ! animal /ories relat$ ( him4 ,t wolf 0 a quadrup$ )\t morals2 n only _h he eat5 kids b also m54 ,all attempts to kill him fail$1 & ! t[nsfolk 7 afraid ( v5tur+ outside ! walls ev5 9 broad daylight4 ,"o day ,/4 ,francis1 aga9/ ! advice ( all1 w5t out to h a s]i\s talk ) ! wolf4 ,he soon f\nd him &1 8,bro!r ,wolf10 he said1 8y h eat5 n only animals b m5 made 9 ! image ( ,god1 & c]ta9ly y des]ve ! gall[s2 nev]!less1 ,i wi% to make peace betwe5 y & ^! p1 bro!r ,wolf1 s t y may (f5d !m no m1 & nei!r !y nor _! dogs %all attack y40 ,! wolf seem$ to agree1 b ! sa9t wi%$ to h a di/9ct pro( ( 8 solemn engagem5t to fulfil 8 "p 9 ! peace1 :]eupon ! wolf /ood up on 8 h9d legs & laid 8 paw on ! sa9t's h&4 ,francis !n promis$ t ! wolf %\ld be prop]ly f$ = ! re/ ( 8 days1 8= well ,i "k10 he said k9dly1 8t all y\r evil de$s 7 caus$ by hung]0--^u :i* text sev]al s]mons might be prea*$1 = truly _m a s9n] may be re=m$ by a good d9n] & by no?+ else4 ,! contract 0 kept on bo? sides1 & ! wolf liv$ happily = "s ye>s--8notricato cortesem5te dalla g5te0--at ! end ( :i* he di$ ( old age1 s9c]ely m\rn$ by all ! inhabitants4 ,if any "o decl9e to believe 9 ! wolf ( ,gubbio1 :y1 he mu/ be left to 8 inv9cible ignorance4 ,b !re are o!r tales 9 ! ,fioretti & 9 ! ,leg5da ,aurea :i* are n[ise h>d to believe4 ,:at m likely ?an t ,francis1 on meet+ a y\? :o _h wood-doves to sell1 look$ at ! birds 8con l'oc*io pietoso10 & begg$ ! y\? n to give !m into ! cruel h&s t w\ld kill !m8 ,! "y man1 8inspir$ by ,god10 gave ! doves to ! sa9t1 :o held !m aga9/ 8 brea/1 say+1 8,oh1 my si/]s1 innoc5t doves1 :y did y let y\rselves be caught8 ,n[ w ,i save y f dea? & make ne/s = y1 s t y may increase & multiply accord+ to ! comm&m5t ( our ,creator40 ,s*op5hau] m5tions1 ) emphatic approval1 ! ,indian m]*ant at ! fair ( ,a/ra*an :o1 :5 he has a turn ( good luck1 goes to ! m>ket-place & buys birds1 :i* he sets at lib]ty4 ,! holy ,francis n only set 8 doves free1 b ?\ght ab\t _! future1 a ref9em5t ( b5evol5ce :i* might 8almo/ h p]suad$0 ! humane ?\gh cru/y old philosoph] to put on ! ,franciscan habit4 7,at ?is po9t ,i *ance to see f my w9d[ a kitt5 9 ! act ( annoy+ a r l>ge snake4 ,x is a coil$-up snake2 probably an ,itongo4 ,x requires a good five m9utes to induce ! kitt5 to ab&on its qu>ry & to convey ! snake to a safe place "u ! myrtles4 ,?is be+ done1 ,i resume my p547 ,i h rem>k$ t 9 "s respects ! ,sa9t ( ,assisi /&s ap>t f ! o!r sa9ts :o took notice ( animals4 ,x 0 a common ?+1 = in/ance1 = sa9ts to prea* to creatures1 b !re is an individual note 9 ! s]mon ( ,francis to ! birds :i* is n f\nd else:]e4 ,! reason :y ,/4 ,an?ony prea*$ to ! fi%es at ,rim9i 0 t ! 8h]etics0 w\ld n li/5 to him1 & ,/4 ,m>t9 address$ ! wat]-f[l :o 7 div+ aft] fi% 9 ! ,loire because1 hav+ comp>$ !m to ! devil1 seek+ :om he may dev\r1 he ?\ght x necess>y to ord] !m to dep>t f ^? wat]s--:i* !y imm$iately did1 no d\bt fright5$ to dea? by ! app>ition ( a ge/iculat+ sa9t & ! wild-look+ multitude4 ,! motive ( ,francis 0 nei!r pique at n be+ li/5$ to nor ! temptation to %[ miracul\s skill z a bird-sc>]2 he 0 mov$ solely by an effusion ( t5d] s5tim5t4 ,birds 9 great quantities _h alight$ 9 a neighb\r+ field3 a beautiful sight :i* e dwell] 9 ! c\ntry mu/ h sometimes se5 & ask$ himself1 0 x a p>liam5t1 a g>d5 p>ty1 a halt 9 a j\rney8 8,wait a little = me "h ^u ! road10 said ! sa9t to 8 companions2 8,i am go+ to prea* to my si/]s ! birds40 ,& s1 8hav+ greet$ !m z creatures end[$ ) reason10 he w5t on to say3 8,birds1 my si/]s1 y ought to give great praise to y\r ,creator1 :o dress$ y ) fea!rs1 :o gave y w+s to fly )1 :o grant$ y all ! doma9s ( ! air1 ^: solicitude wat*es ov] y40 ,! birds /ret*$ out _! necks1 flutt]$ _! w+s1 op5$ _! beaks1 & look$ at ! prea*] ) att5tion4 ,:5 he _h done1 he pass$ 9 ! mid/ ( !m & t\*$ !m ) 8 habit1 & n "o ( !m /irr$ till he gave !m leave to fly away4 ,! sa9t lift$ worms out ( ! pa? le/ !y %\ld be cru%$1 & dur+ ! w9t] fro/s1 = fe> t ! bees %\ld die 9 ! hive1 he br\ght honey to !m & ! be/ w9es t he c\ld f9d4 ,ne> 8 cell at ,portionuculo !re 0 a fig-tree1 & on ! fig-tree liv$ a cicada4 ,"o day ! ,s]vant ( ,god /ret*$ out 8 h& & said1 8,come to me1 my si/] ,cicada02 & at once ! insect flew ^u 8 h&4 ,& he said to x1 8,s+1 my si/] ,cicada1 & praise ?y ,"l40 ,& hav+ receiv$ 8 p]mission %e sang h] song4 ,! biographies t 7 writt5 )\t ! inquisition into facts :i* we dem&1 gave a liv+ idea ( ! man1 n a photograph ( 8 skeleton4 ,:at matt]$ if romance 7 mix$ ) tru? :5 ! total 0 true8 ,we "k ,/4 ,francis ( ,assisi z if he _h be5 our next-door neighb\r4 ,x w\ld h ne$$ unb\nd$ g5ius to inv5t su* a "*1 & !re 0 no?+ to be ga9$ by inv5t+ x4 ,! leg5ds :i* repres5t him z "o :o consi/5tly treat$ animals z creatures end[$ ) reason are 9 discord ) or?odox tea*+2 !y skirt dang]\sly ne> to h]esy4 ,giordano ,bruno 0 accus$ ( hav+ said t m5 & animals _h ! same orig92 to hold su* an op9ion qualifi$ y = ! /ake4 ,b ! ,*ur* t canonis$ ,buddha "u ! "n ( ,/4 ,josephat has _h accesses ( tol]ation :i* mu/ h made angels rejoice4 ,"s ?9k t ,francis 0 at "o "t a tr\bad\r1 & tr\bad\rs _h _m l9ks ) ^? ,mani*an h]etics :om ,ca?olics *>g$ ) believ+ 9 ! transmigration ( s\ls4 ,?is may int]e/ ! curi\s1 b ! doctr9e ( metempsy*osis has little to d ) ! vocation ( ! ,asiatic recluse z a bea/-tam]1 & ,/4 ,francis ( ,assisi 0 true bro!r to t recluse4 ,he 0 ! ,fake] or ,d]vi% ( ! ,we/4 ,:5 ! inh]5t my/icism 9 man's nature br\ght ! ,d]vi%es into exi/5ce soon aft] ,mohamm$'s dea?1 9 spite ( ! ,prophet's well-kn[n dislike = religi\s ord]s1 !y ju/ifi$ !mselves by quot+ ! text f ! ,koran1 8,pov]ty is my pride40 ,x w\ld s]ve ! ,franciscan equally well4 ,! begg+ fri> 0 an ana*ronism 9 ! religion ( ,islam z he is an ana*ronism 9 mod]n society1 b :at did t matt] to him8 ,he ?\ght & he ?9ks t he w outlive bo?4 ,! ,abdl or pre-em95tly holy ,d]vi% :o liv$ 9 ! des]t ) fri5dly bea/s ov] :om he ex]cis$ an extraord9>y p[]1 became ! c5tre ( a leg5d1 almo/ ( a cult1 l 8 ,*ri/ian c\nt]p>t4 ,!re 7 sev]al ,abdls ( high repute dur+ ! reigns ( ! e>ly ,ottoman ,sultans4 ,p]haps !re 0 m confid5ce 9 _! sanctity ?an 9 _! sanity1 = :ile ! ,ca?olic hi/orian f9ds x inconv5i5t to admit ! hypo!sis ( madness z acc\nt+ = ev5 ! /range/ conduct ( ! sa9ts ( ! des]t or _! m$ival desc5dants1 a dev\t ,ori5tal sees no irrev]5ce 9 recognis+ ! possible aff9ity betwe5 sa9?ood & m5tal ali5ation4 ,9 ,india ! holy recluse :o tames wild bea/s is z mu* alive to-day z 9 any =m] "t4 ,:atev] is v old is /ill a "p ( ! ev]yday life ( ! ,indian p4 ,accord+ly ! native newspap]s frequ5tly report t "s pr9ce 0 attack$ by a savage bea/ :ile out hunt+1 :51 at ! nick ( "t1 a v5]able sa9t appe>$ at ^: fir/ ^w ! bea/ politely relax$ 8 hold4 ,^? :o "k ,india be/ by no means ?9k t all su* /ories are inv5t$4 ,:y %\ld !y be8 ,c>d9al ,massaia 7:o wore1 by ! by1 ! habit ( ,francis7 /at$ t ! lions he met 9 ! des]t _h v good mann]s4 ,a few ye>s ago an old lady met a l>ge1 well-gr[n lioness 9 ! /reets ( ,*atres2 mi/ak+ x = a l>ge dog1 %e patt$ x on ! head & x foll[$ h] = "s "t until x 0 obs]v$ by o!rs1 :5 ! :ole t[n 0 seiz$ ) panic & b>r$ doors & w9d[s4 ,ev5 ) ! provocation ( su* mi/ru/ ! lioness behav$ well1 & all[$ itself to be reconduct$ to ! m5ag]ie f :i* x _h escap$4 ,^? :o try to dive/ !mselves ( human nature r>ely succe$1 & ! reason ne>e/ to ! surface :y1 ov] all ! _w1 ! lonely recluse made fri5ds ) animals 0 d\btless 8 lonel9ess4 ,on _! side1 animals h only to be p]suad$ t m5 are h>mless = !m to meet _! advances half-way4 ,if ?is is n always true ( wild bea/s1 x is because 7z ,/4 ,francis appreh5d$7 un=tunately !y are sometimes hungry2 b man is n ! fav\rite prey ( any wild bea/ :o is 9 8 "r m9d4 ,prison]s :o tam$ mice or sp>r[s foll[$ ! same impulse z sa9ts :o tam$ lions or buffaloes4 ,h[ _m a prison] :o return$ to ! fell[%ip ( m5 mu/ h regrett$ 8 m\se or 8 sp>r[6 ,animals c be su* good company4 ,/ill1 x foll[s t if _! society 0 s\ght z a sub/itute1 !y 71 9 a c]ta9 s5se1 vic>i\s objects ( affection4 ,we =get t ev5 9 int]-human affections mu* is vic>i\s4 ,! si/] ( *>ity gives mank9d ! love :i* %e w\ld h giv5 to h] *ildr54 ,! ascetic :o w nev] he> ! patt]+ feet ( 8 boy ^u ! /airs loves ! gazelle1 ! bird fall5 f its ne/1 ! lion cub ^: "m has be5 sla9 by ! hunt]4 ,& love1 f> m ?an *>ity 79 ! mod]n s5se71 blesses him t gives z well z him t takes4 ,b human ph5om5a are complex1 & ?is explanation ( ! sympa?y betwe5 sa9t & bea/ does n cov] ! :ole gr\nd4 ,:o c d\bt t ^! m51 ^: faculties 7 conc5trat$ on draw+ ne>] to ! ,et]nal1 vaguely surmis$ t wild liv+ creatures _h unp]ceiv$ *annels ( communication ) _s1 hidd5 rapports ) ! ,f\nta9 ( ,life :i* man has lo/ or has nev] possess$8 ,:o c d\bt t 9 ! va/ ca!dral ( ,nature !y 7 aw$ by 8! my/]y :i* is 9 ! face ( brutes08 ,beside ! ne$ to love & ! ne$ to wond]1 "s ( !m knew ! ne$ to pity4 ,"h ! gr\nd wid5s1 = ! he>t t feels ! pang ( ! meane/ ?+ t lives does n beat only 9 ! h]mit's cell or "u ! sackclo? ( a sa9t4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,xiii ,,v]sipelles ,,! snake & ! tig] are grim realities ( ,indian life4 ,!y mean a great deal--!y mean ,india ) its horror & its spl5d\r2 above all1 ) its prim>y att5tion giv5 to ?+s :i* = mo/ ,europeans are nil or are kept = ,sunday4 ,& ,sunday1 ! day mo/ calm1 mo/ bright1 has only a little portion ( !m1 only ! light n ! d>kness ( ! ,unkn[n4 ,to ! despair ( ! ,engli% (ficial1 ! ,h9du1 l 8 =efa!rs 9 remote/ antiquity1 respects ! life ( tig] & snake4 ,9 do+ s he is n gov]n$ simply by ! feel+ t makes him look on s]5ely :il/ all sorts ( w+$ & fleet-foot$ creatures eat up 8 gr[+ crops--ano!r tol]ance :i* exasp]ates ! ,we/]n behold]3 9 t in/ance x is1 9 ! ma91 ! rule ( live & let live :i* dictates 8 =be>ance1 ! p]suasion t x is wrong to monopolise ! increase ( ! e>? to ! utt]mo/ f>?+'s-wor?4 ,8 s5tim5t t[>ds tig] & snake is ( a m pr(\nd nature4 ,! ,h9du w n kill a cobra if he c help x1 & if "o is kill$ he tries to expiate ! (f5ce by hon\r+ x ) prop] fun]al rites4 ,! tig]1 l ! snake1 gives bir? to ^? anci5t tw9s1 fe> & admiration4 ,! p]ception ( ! beautiful is "o ( ! olde/ z x is "o ( ! mo/ my/]i\s ( psy*ological ph5om5a 9 man & bea/4 ,:y %\ld ! %e5 ( ! peacock's tail attract ! peah58 ,:y %\ld ! b[]-bird & ! lyre-bird con/ruct a lovely pleasance :]e !y may dance8 ,man p]ceiv$ ! beautiful 9 fire & w9d1 9 ! swift air1 ! circle ( />s1 ! viol5t wat]1 ! lights ( heav53 8be+ delight$ ) ! beauty ( ^! ?+s1 he took !m to be gods0--z 0 said by ! writ] ( ! ,wisdom ( ,solomon ab\t two hundr$ ye>s be=e ,*ri/4 ,he also p]ceiv$ ! beautiful 9 ! li! movem5ts ( ! snake & 9 ! tig]'s symmetry4 ,z to ! s5se ( fe>1 h[ is x t ?is fe> is unaccompani$ by repulsion8 ,to ?is "q ! m g5]al answ] w\ld seem to be t ,nature1 if reg>d$ z div9e1 _c repel4 ,b ! snake & tig] are 9 "s special way div9e1 s t !y become /ill fur!r remov$ f ! range ( human criticism4 ,!y are manife/ations ( div9ity--a saf] description ( ev5 ! l[e/ =ms ( zoolatry ?an ! common] "o :i* ass]ts t !y are 8gods40 ,deity1 if omnipres5t1 8mu/ be able to occupy ! same space z ano!r body at ! same "t10 :i* 0 said 9 a diff]5t connexion1 b x is ! true base ( all beliefs involv+ ! union ( _s & matt] f ! l[e/ to ! highe/4 ,! animal :i* is a div9e ag5t1 ought to behave l "o4 ,if x causes de/ruction1 su* de/ruction %\ld h ! =tuit\s appe>ance ( havoc wr\ght by natural causes4 ,! snake or tig] %\ld n w\nd ) malice prep5se1 b only 9 a f9e1 casual way4 ,?is is j :at1 z a rule1 !y are obs]v$ to d4 ,i h se5 _m snakes1 b ,i nev] saw "o run aft] a man1 ?\gh ,i h se5 m5 run aft] snakes4 ,n[ & !n ! ,italian peasant is bitt5 by vip]s because he walks 9 ! long grass ) nak$ feet4 ,he treads on ! snake or pu%es aga9/ x1 & x bites him4 ,s x is ) ! ,indian peasant4 ,x is mu* ! same 9 ! case ( ! normal tig]2 unless he is di/urb$ or w\nd$1 he mo/ r>ely attacks4 ,b !re are abnormal tig]s1 abnormal bea/s ( e sort--!re is ! crim9al class ( bea/4 ,:at ( him8 ,x might be suppos$ t primitive man w\ld take su* a bea/ to be an angry or v9dictive _s4 ,by no means4 ,he detects 9 him a fell[-human4 ,! ,indian =e/all$ ,lombroso2 ! man-eat+ tig] is a deg5]ate1 really n responsible = 8 actions1 & /ill less is ! god beh9d him responsible = !m4 ,little ne$ be said ( ! natural hi/ory ( ! man-eat+ tig]2 yet a few words may n be out ( place4 ,to 8 abnormality e "o :o has /udi$ wild bea/s be>s witness4 ,all agree t ! loss ( life f tig]s is almo/ exclusively traceable to individuals ( tig]-k9d :i* prey *iefly or only on man4 ,! sev5 or eight hundr$ p]sons kill$ annually by tig]s 9 ,briti% ,india are victims ( comp>atively few animals4 ,n _m ye>s ago a s+le man-eat+ tigress 0 c]tifi$ to h kill$ =ty-eight p]sons4 ,:ile ! ord9>y tig] has to be s\ght out ) difficulty = ! sport ( ^? :o wi% to hunt him1 ! man-eat] night aft] night waylays ! rural po/man or comes boldly into ! villages 9 se>* ( 8 unnatural food4 ,dur+ great sc>city caus$ by ! de/ruction or disappe>ance ( small game 9 ! =e/s1 ! c>nivora are =c$ out ( _! habits z ! wolves 9 ! ,vosges are induc$ to come d[n to ! pla9s 9 p]iods ( int5se cold4 ,su* special causes d n affect ! "q ( ! man-eat]1 :i* eats man's fle% f *oice1 n f necessity4 ,:y he does s ,europeans h tri$ to expla9 9 v>i\s ways4 ,"o is1 t ! unfamili> ta/e ( human fle% creates an irresi/ible crav+4 ,9 ,s\? ,am]ica !y say t a jagu> aft] ta/+ man's fle% once becomes an incorrigible man-eat] = ev] aft]4 ,o!rs ?9k man-eat+ is a =m ( madness1 a disease1 & !y po9t to ! fact t ! man-eat] is always 9 bad condition2 8 sk9 is useless4 ,b x is n sure if ?is be cause or effect1 s9ce man's fle% is said to be un:olesome4 ,a ?ird & plausible !ory w\ld attribute man-eat+ to ! easy capture ( ! prey3 a tig] t has caught "o man w hunt no o!r fleet] game4 ,especially 9 old age1 a creature t has nei!r horns nor tusks nor yet swift feet mu/ appe> an attractive prey4 ,?is co9cides ) an obs]vation made by ,apollonius ( ,tyana3 he says t lions caught & ate monkeys = m$ic9e :5 !y 7 sick1 b t :5 !y 7 old & unable to hunt ! /ag & ! wild bo>1 !y caught !m = food4 ,ari/otle said t lions 7 m dispos$ to ent] t[ns & attack man :5 !y grew old1 z old age made _! tee? defective1 :i* 0 a h9drance to !m 9 hunt+4 ,ano!r possible clue may be d$uc$ f a belief :i* exi/s 9 ,abyss9ia ab\t ! man-eat+ lion4 ,9 t c\ntry ! p dislike to h ,europeans hunt ! lion1 n only because !y rev]e him z ! k+ ( bea/s 7?\gh ?is is "o reason1 & x %[s h[ natural to man is ! fri5dly feel+ t[>ds bea/s1 & h[ x fl\ri%es along ) any sort ( religion1 provid$ ! religion has be5 left ,ori5tal & n ,we/]nis$71 b also because !y are conv9c$ t a lion ^: mate has be5 kill$ becomes f]oci\s & ?ir/s = human blood4 ,?is belief is f\nd$ on accurate obs]vation ( ! capacity ( wild bea/s = affection4 ,! love ( ! lion = 8 mate is no popul> error4 ,t noble hunt]1 ,major ,leveson1 told a pa!tic /ory ( h[ he witness$ 9 ,s\? ,africa a fight betwe5 two lions1 :ile ! lioness1 palm & prize1 /ood look+ on4 ,a bullet laid h] l[1 b ! combatants 7 s hotly engag$ t nei!r ( !m p]ceiv$ :at _h happ5$4 ,!n ano!r bullet kill$ "o ( !m3 ! survivor1 aft] ! fir/ mom5t ( surprise z to :y 8 foe surr5d]$1 turn$ r\nd & = ! fir/ "t saw ! hunt]s :o 7 q ne>4 ,he seem$ ab\t to spr+ on !m1 :5 he caught sight ( ! dead lioness3 8,) a peculi> :9e ( recognition1 utt]ly reg>dless ( our pres5ce1 he /rode t[>ds h]1 lick$ h] face & neck ) 8 great r\gh tongue & patt$ h] g5tly ) 8 huge paw1 z if to awak5 h]4 ,f9d+ t %e did n respond to 8 c>esses1 he sat ^u 8 haun*es l a dog & h[l$ mo/ pite\sly44440 ,f9ally ! m\rn+ lion fl$ at ! cries ( ! ,kaffirs & ! yelp+ ( ! dogs close at h&4 ,he _h und]/ood ! great1 intol]able fact ( dea?4 ,w\ld any "o blame him if he became an av5g] ( blood8 ,suppos+ t ?is l9e ( def5ce c\ld be transf]r$ to ! tig]1 in/ead ( be+ br&$ z lazy1 decrepit1 mad1 or bad1 he might hope to appe> be=e ! public ) a l>gely rehabilitat$ "*4 ,! natives ( ! jungle resort to none ( ^! hypo!ses to acc\nt = ! man-eat]3 a diff]5t bank ( ideas c be drawn on by !m to help !m out ( puzzl+ problems4 ,! free =ce ( imag9ation is f> pref]able1 if admitt$1 z a solv] ( difficulties1 to all our pati5t & plodd+ rese>*es4 ,! jungle natives tell _m /ories ( ! man-eat]1 ( :i* ! foll[+ is a typical example4 ,x 0 told to a ,briti% (fic]1 f :om ,i _h x4 ,once ^u a "t !re 0 a man :o _h ! p[] ( *ang+ himself into a tig] :5ev] he lik$4 ,b = him to *ange back into ! %ape ( a man x 0 necess>y t "s human be+ %\ld pron\nce a c]ta9 =mula4 ,he _h a fri5d :o knew ! =mula1 & to him he w5t :5 he wi%$ to resume human %ape4 ,b ! fri5d di$4 ,! man 0 oblig$1 !re=e1 to f9d "s "o else to pron\nce ! =mula4 ,at la/ he decid$ to confide ! secret to 8 wife2 s1 "o day1 he said to h] t he %\ld be abs5t = a %ort "t & t :5 he came back x w\ld be 9 ! =m ( a tig]2 he *>g$ h] to pron\nce ! prop] =mula :5 %e %\ld see him appe> 9 tig]-%ape1 & he assur$ h] t he w\ld !n1 =?)1 become a man aga94 ,9 a few days1 aft] he _h amus$ himself by cat*+ a few antelopes1 he trott$ up to 8 wife1 hop+ all w\ld be well4 ,b ! woman1 9 spite ( all t he _h told h]1 0 s dreadfully fright5$ :5 %e saw a l>ge tig] runn+ t[>ds h]1 t %e began to scream4 ,! tig] jump$ ab\t & tri$ to make h] und]/& by dumb-%[ :at %e 0 to d1 b ! m he jump$ ! m %e scream$1 & at la/ he ?\ght 9 8 m9d1 8,?is is ! mo/ /upid woman ,i ev] knew10 & he 0 s angry t he kill$ h]4 ,directly aft]w>ds he recollect$ t no o!r human be+ knew ! "r =mula--h5ce he mu/ rema9 = ev] a tig]4 ,?is s affect$ 8 spirits t he acquir$ a hatr$ = ! :ole human race1 & kill$ m5 :5ev] he saw !m4 ,?is div]t+ folk-tale %[s a root-belief 9 ! /age ( becom+ a bran*-belief4 ,9 ! pres5t case ! root is ! ease ) :i* m5 are ?\ght to be able to trans=m !mselves 7or be trans=m$ by o!rs7 into animals4 ,! bran* is ! presumption t a v wick$ animal mu/ be human4 ,! correspond+ inf]5ce t a v virtu\s animal mu/ be human1 ?r[s its reflection ^u innum]able fairy-tales4 ,i ?9k x 0 ! m primitive ( ! two4 ,ev5 ! tig] is n ev]y:]e suppos$ to be ! worse = human influ5ce4 ,9 ! ,sangor & ,n]brudda t]ritories p say t if a tig] has kill$ "o man he w nev] kill ano!r1 because ! dead man's _s rides on 8 head & guides him to m lawful prey4 ,entirely primitive p d n take an evil view ( human nature--:i* is prov$ by _! confid5ce 9 /rang]s3 ! fir/ :ite man :o arrives among !m is well receiv$4 ,misan?ropy is soon le>nt1 b x is n ! e>lie/ s5tim5t4 ,! bad view ( ! man-tig] prevails 9 ! ,nig] delta1 :]e ! negroes ?9k t 8"s s\ls :i* turn into wild bea/s give p a great deal ( tr\ble40 ,o!r ,african tribes hold t tailless tig]s are m5--tig]s :i* h lo/ _! tails 9 fight+ or by disease or accid5t4 ,i d n "k if ^! are cr$it$ ) good or bad qualities4 ,by ! rigid ,totemi/ all ?is is ascrib$ to ,totemism4 ,m5 call$ o!r tribesm5 by ! names ( _! totems2 !n ! totem 0 =gott5 & !y mi/ook ! tig]-totem-man = a man-tig] et sic de cet]is4 ,my ,syrian guide on ,m\nt ,c>mel told me t ! rav5s :i* f$ ,elijah 7 a tribe ( ,b$\9s call$ 8! ,rav5s10 :i* /ill exi/$4 ,if ?is essay 9 ! ,high] ,criticism 0 orig9al x said mu* = 8 intellig5ce4 ,b because su* confusions may happ51 & no d\bt d happ51 are !y to be tak5 z ! f9al explanation ( ! :ole va/ range ( man & animal mutations8 ,:at h !y to d ) su* a belief z t v\*$ = by ,/4 ,augu/9e--to wit1 t c]ta9 wit* innkeep]s gave _! gue/s drugs 9 *eese :i* turn$ !m into animals8 ,^! wit*es _h a %>p eye to bus9ess1 = !y utilis$ ! ox51 asses1 & horses ?us procur$1 = draught or burd51 or let !m out to _! cu/om]s1 nor 7 !y q )\t a consci5ce1 z :5 !y _h done us+ !m !y turn$ !m back into m54 ,magic1 ! old rival ( religion1 lies at ! bottom ( all ?is ord] ( ideas4 ,magic may be def9$ z ! natural sup]natural1 s9ce by x man unaid$ comm&s ! occult =ces ( nature4 ,! !ory ( demoniacal assi/ance is ( lat] gr[?4 ,a /ory r diff]5t f ! re/ is told by ,pausanias1 :o records t1 at ! sacrifice ( ,zeus on ,m\nt ,lycu1 a man 0 always turn$ into a wolf1 b if = n9e ye>s 9 wolf-%ape he ab/a9$ f eat+ human fle%1 he w\ld rega9 8 human =m4 ,?is sugge/s a ,buddhi/ s\rce4 ,! infiltration ( ,buddhi/ folk-lore into ,europe is a subject on :i* we %\ld l to "k m4 ,buddhism 0 ! only mission>y religion be=e ,*ri/ianity1 & !re is e probability t x s5t mission>ies ,we/ z well z ,ea/4 ,! e>ly ,iri% took s fav\rable a view ( wolves t !y 7 accu/om$ to pray = _! salvation1 & *ose !m z godfa!rs = _! *ildr54 ,9 ,druidical times ! wolf & o!r animals 7 div9e manife/ations1 & ! ,celts 7 s atta*$ to _! bea/-gods t !y did n mal$ict :at !y _h wor%ipp$1 b f\nd x a refuge some:]e4 ,9 ! e>lie/ ,gallic sculpture ! dispossess$ animals are introduc$ z companions ( ! new ,sa9ts4 ,x w be notic$ t 9 ! ,indian folk-tale1 ?\gh ! id5tification ( ! man ) ! man-eat] is cle>1 a v l5i5t view is tak5 ( him3 he 0 n always s2 ev5 8 excursions 9 tig]-sk9 71 at fir/1 purely innoc5t2 he 0 a good husb& & a respectable citiz5 till 8 wife's n]ves made him lose 8 temp]4 ,9 e>ly ,*ri/ian times1 ! man-wolf might be n only innoc5t b a victim4 ,he might be a p>ticul>ly good man turn$ by a sorc]] into a wolf1 & 9 su* cases he pres]ves 8 good t5d5cies4 ,9 ! sev5? c5tury su* a man-wolf def5d$ ! head ( ,/4 ,edw>d ! ,m>tyr f o!r wild bea/s4 ,on ! o!r h&1 !re are /ories ( ,*ri/ian sa9ts :o turn$ evil-dispos$ p]sons into bea/s by means ( ! magical p[]s :i*1 at fir/1 all baptiz$ p]sons 7 ?\ght to possess pot5tially if n actively4 ,/4 ,?omas ,aqu9as believ$ 9 ! possibility ( do+ ?is4 ,9 a ,russian folk-tale ! apo/les ,pet] & ,paul turn$ a bad husb& & wife into be>s4 ,9 ,europe by degrees ! h>mless 7-wolf entirely disappe>$ b ! evil "o surviv$4 ,! sup]/ition ( lycan?ropy conc5trat$ r\nd "o po9t 7z sup]/itions (t5 d73 ! self-trans=mation ( a p]v]se man or sorc]] into an animal = nef>i\s purposes4 ,! object ( ! trans=mation might be ! opportunity = giv+ free range to sangu9>y appetites2 b !re 0 ano!r object lurk+ 9 ! backgr\nd1 & ?is 0 ! acquirem5t ( second sight1 :i* "s animals 7if n all7 are suppos$ to be end[$ )4 ,j z ,v>ro & ,virgil believ$ 9 lycan?ropy1 s ! mo/ highly educat$ ,europeans 9 ! "t ( ,l\is ,,xiv4 & aft]1 believ$ 9 7-wolves4 ,! *oice ( ! animal 0 immat]ial1 b x fell naturally on ! mo/ prom95t & fe>$ wild animal :i* 0 locally extant4 ,a fancy or exotic animal w\ld n d1 :i* illu/rates ! l9k !re is betwe5 popul> beliefs & facts2 di/ort$ facts1 x may be1 b real & n imag9>y ?+s4 ,if a be> ( bad morals appe>s 9 ,norway1 p decl>e t x c be 8no ,*ri/ian be>0--x mu/ be a ,lapp or a ,f9n1 bo? ^! peoples1 :o are mu* addict$ to magic1 be+ suppos$ to h ! p[] ( *ang+ into be>s :5 !y *oose4 ,in/ead ( seek+ ! wild bea/ 9 man1 p s\ght ! man 9 ! wild bea/4 ,z 9 ,asia s 9 ,europe1 x 0 notic$ & pond]$ t ! normal wild bea/ is dang]\s1 p]haps1 b n f a human po9t ( view p]v]se4 ,! normal wolf l ! normal tig] does n attack or de/roy = ! love ( de/ruction4 ,wolves attack 9 packs1 b ! in/9ct ( ! s+le individual is to keep out ( man's way4 ,he does n kill ev5 animals indiscrim9ately4 ,9 ! la/ times :5 !re 7 wolves 9 ! ,italian valleys ( ! ,alps1 ! news spread t a wolf _h kill$ a numb] ( %eep4 ,:at _h really happ5$ 0 ?is1 :i* an old hunt] told at ,edolo to a relative ( m9e4 ,! wolf jump$ d[n into a %eepfold sunk 9 ! gr\nd4 ,he kill$ a %eep & ate "s ( x & !n f\nd1 to 8 dismay1 t he c\ld n get up ! wall ( ! %eepfold4 ,no?+ daunt$1 h[ev]1 he kill$ a suffici5t numb] ( %eep to =m a m\nd1 up :i* he climb$ & s effect$ 8 escape4 ,no "o ?\ght su* a clev] wolf z ?is a lupo man>o4 ,b "s wolves1 l "s dogs1 are subject to fits ( m5tal ali5ation1 9 :i* !y slay )\t rhyme or reason4 ,%eep are f\nd kill$ all ov] ! c\ntryside1 & m5 or *ildr5 may be among ! victims4 ,! "q arises ( :o did x--a wolf1 a man1 or bo? 9 "o8 ,! mat]ial fact is !re1 & x is a fact calculat$ to excite t]ror1 surprise1 curiosity4 ,t ! fact may rema9 always a my/]y rec5t exp]i5ce %[s4 ,:5 ! 7-wolf mania 0 rampant 9 ,france1 hone/ly conduct$ judicial inquiry succe$$ 9 a few cases1 9 trac+ ! outrages to a real wolf or to a real man4 ,at la/1 9 #afjc1 a ,fr5* c\rt ( law pron\nc$ ! belief 9 7-wolves to be an insane delusion1 & f t date x sl[ly decl9$4 ,h]etics 7 suspect$ ( be+ 7-wolves4 ,z late z fifty ye>s ago1 a rem9isc5ce ( ! l\p g>\ exi/$ 9 mo/ p>ts ( ,france1 9 ! %ape ( ! m5eux des l\ps1 :o 7 suppos$ to *>m or tame :ole packs ( wolves :i* !y l$ across ! wa/e l&s on nights :5 ! moon %one fitfully ?r\gh rifts 9 hurry+ cl\ds4 ,! village recluse1 ! poa*]1 ! man :o simply 8knew m ?an he %\ld10 fell "u ! suspicion ( be+ a 8wolf-lead]10 &1 ( c\rse1 ! usual 8eye-witness0 0 =?com+ to decl>e t he _h se5 ! suspect$ individual out ^u 8 midnight rambles ) 8 wolves trott+ aft] him4 ,9 "s prov9ces all ! fiddl]s or bag-pip]s 7 ?\ght to be 8wolf-lead]s40 ,illu/ration3 ,maurice ,s&4 8,,le ,,m5eur ,,des ,,l\ps40 ,if ! wolf turnsk9 di$ out soon] 9 ,engl& ?an 9 ,france1 x 0 because !re 7 no wolves to fa/5 x ^u4 ,?r\gh\t ! horrible wit*-mania ,briti% sorc]]s 7 suppos$ to turn into cats1 weasels1 or innoc5t h>es6 ,italian wit*es /ill turn into cats4 ,i rememb] h[ graphically ,c4 ,g4 ,lel& describ$ to me a visit he _h paid to a ,tuscan wit*2 h] cottage conta9$ ?ree /ools1 on "o ( :i* sat ! wit*1 on ! second h] famili> jet-black cat1 & on ! ?ird my old fri5d1 :o1 ,i feel sure1 _h come to believe a good deal 9 ! 8old religion10 & :o1 9 8 la/ ye>s1 might h sat = a p]fect portrait ( a magician6 ,! connexion ( ! wit* & ! cat is a =m ( turnsk9-belief 9 :i* ! feature ( ! acquirem5t ( second sight is prom95t4 ,no wit* )\t a cat6 ,! ess5tial fact 9 ! sup]/ition is ! fondness ( poor1 old fri5dless wom5 = cats--_! la/ fri5ds4 ,a contribut+ fact lay 9 ! my/]i\s disappe>ances & reappe>ances ( cats & 9 _! half-wild nature4 ,! cat 9 ,indian folk-lore is ! tig]'s aunt4 ,! mode ( effect+ trans=mation into animals is v>i\s1 b always connect$ ) fix$ magical proc$ure4 ,a root or food1 or /ill (t5] an o9tm5t1 is resort$ to3 o9tm5ts play$ a great "p 9 sup]/ition2 x 0 by o9tm5ts t ! unlucky p]sons accus$ ( be+ wiz>ds 7 held to h spread ! plague ( ,milan4 ,b ! sure/ me?od ( trans=mation 0 a girdle made ( ! sk9 ( ! animal ^: =m x 0 desir$ to take4 ,?is is reg>d$ z a make%ift = n be+ able to put on ! :ole sk94 ,an old ,fr5* record tells ( a man :o buri$ a black cat 9 a box :]e f\r roads met1 ) en\gh bread soak$ 9 holy wat] & holy oil to keep x alive = ?ree days4 ,! man int5d$ to dig ! cat up &1 aft] kill+ x1 to make a girdle ( its sk9 by :i* means he expect$ to obta9 ! gift ( second sight2 b ! burial-place ( ! cat 0 discov]$ by "s dogs t 7 scrat*+ ! e>?1 be=e ! ?ree days _h elaps$4 ,! man1 put to ! torture1 confess$ all4 ,9 ?is case1 x w be notic$ t ! spiritual p[]s ( ! cat 7 to be obta9$ )\t assum+ its outw>d =m4 ,! turnsk9 :o wi%es to g back into 8 human %ape1 has also to foll[ fix$ rules3 a =mula mu/ be pron\nc$ by "s "o else1 z 9 ! jungle tig] /ory1 or ! man-bea/ mu/ eat "s /at$ food z 9 ,lucian's skit 7if ,lucian wrote x7 ( ! man :o1 by us+ ! wrong salve1 turn$ himself into a donkey in/ead ( into a bird z he _h wi%$1 & :o c\ld only resume 8 own =m by eat+ roses1 :i* he did n accompli% until he _h und]gone all sorts ( adv5tures4 ,! belief t bea/s 7 inhabit$ by deprav$ m5 has a c]ta9 aff9ity ) ! belief t deprav$ m5 7 inhabit$ by demons4 ,dante ma9ta9s t "s p]sons h actually gone to _! acc\nt :ile _! bodies are /ill above-gr\nd1 ! lodg+s ( evil spirits4 ,! hi/ory ( ! turnsk9 leads up to sev]al conclusions1 ( :i* ! mo/ important is1 t sup]/itions (t5 gr[ ugli] z !y gr[ old]4 ,!y desc5d1 !y r>ely asc5d4 ,?is exp]i5ce %\ld make u pause be=e we pron\nce hide\s beliefs to be1 9 a true s5se1 primitive4 ,! idea ( trans=mation is "o ( ! olde/ ( human ideas1 mu* old] ?an transmigration1 b at ! outset1 f> f l5d+ itself to su* repulsive applications z man-tig]s & demon-m51 x gave bir? to "s ( ! faire/ passages 9 ! poetry ( mank9d :i* he calls 8 religion4 ,x is impossible to imag9e a m beautiful my? ?an ! ,v$ic belief 9 ! swan-maid5s1 ! ,aps>ases :o1 by putt+ on skirts ( swan fea!rs1 c\ld become swans4 ,_! swan-skirts /ret* f ! hot ,ea/ to ! cold ,nor?1 = !y are ! same t are worn by ! ,valkyries4 ,all ^! e>ly leg5ds ( swans br+ into p>ticul>ly cle> light ! moral id5tity ( ! impressions receiv$ f ?+s se5 by man at ! bottom & at ! top ( ! ladd] ( intellectual progress4 ,natural objects1 lovely or t]rible1 raise ar*etypal images ( ?+s lovely or t]rible :i* 9 our m9ds rema9 %apeless b to :i* ! primitive man gives a local habitation & a "n4 ,swans1 sail+ on /ill wat]s or circl+ above our heads1 inspire u ) indef9ite long+s :i* took =m 9 ! my? ( ! ,aps>ases & appe> aga9 9 ! ,v$ic /ory ( ! sage :o1 by deep k & hol9ess1 became a gold5 swan & flew away to ! sun4 ,to ?is day1 if ! ,h9du sees a flight ( swans w5d+ its my/]i\s way across ! sky1 he repeats ! say+ almo/ me*anically 7z a ,ca?olic crosses himself if he pass a %r9e73 8,! s\l flies away1 & none c g ) x40 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,xiv ,,! ,,horse ,,z ,,h]o ,,fifty ye>s ago ! knell ( ! horse 0 rung1 ) due solemnity1 by ! ,am]ican /atesman1 ,*>les ,sumn]4 ,! age ( *ivalry1 he said1 0 gone--an age ( humanity _h come2 8! horse1 ^: importance m ?an human1 gave ! "n to t p]iod ( gallantry & w>1 n[ yields 8 =emo/ place to man40 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ! horse is yield+ 8 =emo/ place to ! motor-c>1 to ! ma*9e2 & ?is is ! topsy-turvy way 9 :i* mo/ ( ! mill5nial hopes ( ! mid-n9ete5? c5tury are be+ fulfill$ by ! tw5tie?2 ! big dream ( a div9] day ends 9 a reality out ( :i* all t is ideal is fad+4 ,b ! reason :y ,i quote ! passage is ! s]vice :i* x r5d]s z a rem9d] ( ! (t5 =gott5 mean+ ( ! ^w 8*ivalry40 ,! horse 0 connect$ ) ! ideals no less ?an ) ! realities ( ! phase 9 human hi/ory t 0 call$ aft] him2 ! m5tal consequ5ces ( ! p>tn]%ip betwe5 man & t noble bea/ 7 n less f> rea*+ ?an ! physical4 ,!re are a hundr$ types ( human "*1 "s ( !m ( ! highe/1 9 ! mak+ ( :i* ! horse c\nts = no?+2 b ?is type1 ?is figure ( ! v p]fect g5tle knight1 _c be imag9$ 9 a horseless _w4 ,we he> ( :at man taught animals1 b less ( :at animals taught man4 ,9 ! unity ( emotion betwe5 horse & rid] some?+ is ex*ang$4 ,ev5 ! epi!ts :i* x is natural to apply to ! knightly h]o1 "o & all fit 8 /e$3 defiant & g5tle1 d>+ & devot$1 tru/y & tireless1 a scorn] ( ob/acles1 ( a gay1 brave _s--! li/ c\ld be l5g!n$ at w4 ,& ! qualities & ev5 ! defects !y _h 9 common 7 n s mu* ! result ( accid5t z ! true fruit ( _! mutual int]dep5d5ce4 ,9 ! aft]ma? ( *ivalry :i* produc$ ! song-writ]s & ! spl5did adv5tur]s ( ! ,elizabe?an age1 horseman%ip came aga9 to ! =e z a passion r ?an z a m]e necess>y pursuit4 ,we "k t1 n satisfi$ ) :at ,engl& c\ld provide1 ! fa%ionable "y m5 frequ5t$ ! s*ools ( skill$ ,italians1 g5]ally ( noble bir?1 su* z ,corte da ,pavia1 :o 0 ,que5 ,elizabe?'s rid+-ma/]4 ,! prevail+ ta/e is reflect$ 9 ,%akespe>e1 :o1 ?\gh he 0 = all "t1 0 yet1 ess5tially ( 8 own2 8 innum]able allusions to horses %[1 9 ! fir/ place1 t he knew all ab\t !m1 z he did ab\t mo/ ?+s1 & 9 ! second1 t he knew t ^! allusions w\ld please 8 audi5ce1 :i* no born dramati/ ev] treat$ z a negligible quantity1 & ! lea/ ( all ,%akespe>e4 ,ev5 ! p]=m+ or 8?9k+0 horse does n escape 8 notice2 8! danc+ horse w tell y10 9 8,love's ,lab\r ,lo/10 ref]s to ! 8,hans0 or 8,trixie0 ( ! p]iod :o also attract$ ! att5tion ( ,b5 ,jonson1 ,d[ne1 ,sir ,k5elm ,digby1 ,sir ,walt] ,raleigh1 ,hall1 & ,john ,taylor1 ! wat]-poet4 ,?is animal's "n 0 8,morocco0 b he 0 (t5 call$ 8,bankes' horse10 f 8 ma/] :o taught him to tell ! numb] ( p5ce 9 silv] co9s & ! numb] ( po9ts 9 ?r[s ( dice1 & on "o occasion made him walk to ! top ( ,/4 ,paul's4 ,alas1 = ! fate ( 8,morocco0 & 8 ma/]1 8,be+ beyond ! sea burnt = "o wit*10 z *ronicl$ by ,b5 ,jonson6 ,l ,esm]alda & h] goat1 !y 7 accus$ ( magic1 & ! *>ge1 fir/ />t$ at ,orleans1 0 foll[$ by condemnation & dea? 9 ,rome4 ,great] trag$ies ( sup]/ition h>dly come ) su* a %ock z ?is /upid slaught] ( a poor %[man & 8 clev] bea/4 ,9 ,elizabe?an society int]e/ 9 horses 0 direct$ *iefly to ! turn+s & w9d+s1 ! 8%apes & tricks0 ( ! rid+-s*ool1 & ?is light] way ( look+ on !m z af=d+ man 8 mo/ spl5did div]sion is1 9 ! ma91 ,%akespe>e's way--?\gh he does n =get t1 at times1 a horse may be wor? a k+dom4 ,n to him1 h[ev]1 or to any mod]n poet1 d we g = ! unique1 incomp>able description ( ! truly h]oic horse1 ! unc[$ *>g] ( ! ,ea/1 creat$ to awe r ?an to be aw$ by man1 :om no image ( s]vility w\ld fit4 ,"h is ?is specim5 ( ! _w's greate/ poetry1 9 case any "o be s un=tunate z n to "k x by he>t3-- 8,he pawe? 9 ! valley & rejoice? 9 8 /r5g?2 he goe? on to meet ! arm$ m54 ,he mocke? at fe>1 & is n affright$2 nei!r turne? he back f ! sword4 ,! quiv] rattle? aga9/ him1 ! glitt]+ spe> & ! %ield4 ,he swall[e? ! gr\nd ) fi]c5ess & rage3 nei!r believe? he t x is ! s\nd ( ! trumpet4 ,he sai? among ! trumpets1 ,ha6 ha6 ,he smelle? ! battle af> (f1 ! ?und] ( ! capta9s & ! %\t+40 ,h[ ! portrait leaps out ( ! page into life z ,velasquez's horse 9 ! ,prado leaps out ( 8 frame6 ,we feel ! pulse ( a passion :i* ?robs ?r\gh e ve9 f head to ho(4 ,?is ,triumph ( ! ,w>-horse is "o ( ! po9ts ( aff9ity 9 ! ,book ( ,job ) ,arab r ?an ) ,hebrew civilisation4 ,! text itself is ne>] ,arabic ?an any o!r ,biblical book1 & ! life ( ! protagoni/ is v l ! life ( an anci5t ,arabian *iefta94 ,! ,jews prop] c>$ little = horses2 :5 !y fell into _! h&s !y knew no bett] ?an to de/roy !m4 ,!y 7 a pa/oral p1 at no "t fond ( sport1 :i* 0 h>dly recognis$ z lawful by _! religi\s ord9ances4 ,!y d n seem to h ridd5 on horseback4 ,ze*>iah1 inde$1 speaks ( ! w>-horse1 b only to repres5t him z ! beautiful image ( peace1 no m mix+ 9 ! fray1 b be>+ on 8 bell 7:i* 0 meant to affright ! foe7 ! inscription3 8,hol9ess unto ! ,"l40 ,illu/ration3 ,photo3 ,mansell4 ,,! ,,assyrian ,,horse4 ,briti% ,museum4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! ,arab1 &1 mo/ ( all1 ! ,nomadic ,arab1 has a dual exi/5ce ) 8 horse4 ,he c\ld n live )\t x2 x is a "p ( himself--( all t makes him himself & n ano!r4 ,! same is true ( ! ,todas & _! buffaloes1 ! ,lapps & _! re9de]4 ,9 summ] :5 ! re9de] are 9 ! hills1 to save !m f :at is !re call$ ! heat1 a ,lapp seems only half a ,lapp2 b 8 ?\ghts are /ill ( re9de] & 8 f+]s are busy ) scrat*+ its lik5ess on 8 spoons1 8 milk-b[ls1 8 implem5ts ( all sorts1 all ( :i* are made ( re9de]-horn4 ,8 songs are /ill ( re9de]3 8,:ile ! re9de] la/s1 ! ,lapp w la/2 :5 ! re9de] fails1 ! ,lapp w fail10 z ran ! inf9itely pa!tic ditty ,i he>d sung by a ,lapp woman :o 0 %[n to me z ! be/ s+] ( ! tribe4 ,) all ^! p ! fle% ( ! belov$ animal is e/eem$ ! greate/ delicacy2 a fact 9 :i* !re seems to lie sugge/ions ( cannibalism 9 its real psy*ological aspect--! eat+ ( ! h]o 9 ord] to acquire 8 attributes4 ,sometimes1 h[ev]1 ! reason may be simply t !y 7 = long p]iods 9 ! impossibility ( obta9+ o!r meat2 s9ce ! natural man pref]s food to :i* he has gr[n famili>4 ,9 :at is probably ! olde/ v]sion ( ,boccaccio's ,falcon /ory1 ! ,emp]or ( ,con/ant9ople s5ds to ask a v g5]\s pr-,islamic ,arab ,*ief1 by "n ,hatem ,tai 7celebrat$ z ! type ( *ivalry ov] all ! ,moslem _w71 to give him a horse :i* ,hatem is kn[n to value beyond all 8 possessions4 ,! object ( ! dem& 0 to put 8 reputation = g5]osity to ! te/4 ,! (fic]1 :o is ! be>] ( ! ,emp]or's reque/1 is regal$ sumptu\sly on ! ev5+ ( 8 arrival2 &1 accord+ to ! laws ( ,ori5tal c\rtesy1 he puts (f speak+ ( ! bus9ess 9 h& till next day4 ,:5 he deliv]s 8 message ,hatem replies t he w\ld h compli$ gladly1 b t ! (fic] _h eat5 ! horse la/ night = supp]6 ,! horse 0 ! mo/ co/ly & covet$ food :i* ! *ief c\ld (f] 8 gue/1 & ! /ory becomes ?us m intelligible ?an :5 ! victim is an uneatable bird l a hawk4 ,9 ,ori5tal poetry ! camel 8:o asks b a ?orn f ! b$ ( roses ( ! _w0 takes a well-m]it$ %>e ( att5tion1 b ! animal :i* is be=e all o!rs ! ,ea/]n poets' bea/ is1 ( c\rse1 ! horse3 he might himself be call$ ! poet z well z ! pr9ce among bea/s1 = if any liv+ ?+ inc>nates ! poetry 8( =m1 ( motion1 ( glad devotion10 x is surely ! high-br$ ,arab /e$4 ,innum]able tributes cr$it him ) ?ree p>ts human qualities3-- 8,! c\rs] looks 8 love z pla9ly z if he c\ld speak1 ,he waves 8 mane1 8 paws1 he curls 8 no/rils & 8 lips2 ,he makes half-vocal s\nds1 upre>s or droops 8 neck & hips1 ,8 deep & p5sive eyes light up ) lamb5t flame1 !n seem ,z if !y swam 9 ! desires ( "s my/]i\s dream40#h ,footnote #h3 ,translat$ by ,w4 ,r4 ,alg]4 ,( ! true ,arab horse x is said t 8 foot is s light t he c\ld dance on a woman's brea/ )\t leav+ a bruise4 ,"s ( ! ,arabian ballads ( horses are among ! v few ,ori5tal poems :i* h acquir$ univ]sal fame1 z t :i* tells ( h[ ! pe]less ,lahla pick$ up 8 captur$ & b\nd ma/] & c>ri$ him ) 8 tee? back to ! tribe1 on rea*+ :i* he s9ks dead1 amid/ ! te>s & lam5tations ( all4 ,horses1 ! ,koran expressly says1 7 creat$ = man's use1 b also 8to be an ornam5t unto him03 all ! romance1 ! val\r1 ! deep-seat$ ari/ocratic in/9ct ( ! ,arab1 pr\de/ ( mank9d1 is b\nd up ) 8 horse4 ,! spl5did ,arab *ief :o /&s aside motionless to let g by an automobile c>ry+ a p>ty ( t\ri/s across ! ,sah>a reflects1 z he draws 8 burnoose clos] ov] 8 m\?1 8,?is is ! #8ornam5t' ( ,we/]n man60 ,&1 look+ at 8 horse1 :i* /&s motionless z he 7= ! ,arab /e$ fe>s no?+ :5 8 ma/] is ne>71 he adds to himself3 8,^! pass--we rema940 ,false x may be z a prophecy1 b he believes x because conv9c$ ( 8 sup]iority4 ,/ill by ! camp-fires 9 ! des]t !y tell ! old /ory ( a great *ief :o1 9 pr-,gallic times1 0 tak5 prison] by ! ,emir's horsem54 ,he escap$1 b h>dly _h he rea*$ 8 t5t :5 9 ! des]t air1 9 :i* s\nds are he>d af> (f1 a clatt]+ ( ho(s c\ld be di/+ui%$--! ,sultan's m5 7 com+6 ,! *ief sprang on 8 m>e & fl$4 ,:5 ! m5 came up !y knew t only "o horse c\ld ov]take ! m>e1 h] beautiful si/]1 n less swift ?an %e4 ,a soldi] leapt f 8 own horse int5d+ to m\nt h]1 b ! *iefs son1 yet a *ild1 in/antly %ot h] dead ) a pi/ol4 ,& s ! *ief 0 sav$4 ,! ,ulemas ( ,alg]ia say t :5 ,god wi%$ to create ! m>e ,he spoke to ! w9d3 8,i w cause !e to br+ =? a creature t %all be> all ,my wor%ipp]s1 t %all be lov$ by ,my slaves1 & t w cause ! despair ( all :o w n foll[ ,my laws40 ,& :5 ,he _h creat$ h] ,he said3 8,i h made !e )\t an equal3 ! goods ( ?is _w %all be plac$ betwe5 ?y eyes2 ev]y:]e ,i w make !e happy & pref]r$ above all ! bea/s ( ! field1 = t5d]ness %all ev]y:]e be 9 ! he>t ( ?y ma/]2 good alike = ! *ase & retreat1 ?\ %alt fly ?\gh w+less1 & ,i w only place on ?y back ! m5 :o "k me1 :o w (f] ,,me pray]s & ?anksgiv+s2 m5 :o %all be ,my wor%ipp]s f "o g5]ation to ano!r40 ,= ! ,arab ! horse 0 n only ! means ( p]=m+ great ent]prises b ! v object ( life1 ! ?+ 9 itself mo/ preci\s1 ! c>e1 ! preoccupation1 & ! prize4 ,! ,arab's horse is 8 k+dom4 ,illu/ration3 ,,arabian ,,horse ,,( ,,! ,,sah>a4 ,i suppose t !re is no d\bt t ! knightly type 0 a fl[] transport$ f ! ,ea/1 ?\gh1 l _m o!r ,ea/]n fl[]s1 x grew to its be/ 9 ,european g>d5s4 ,! ,crusad]s le>nt m ?an !y taught4 ,com+ d[n lat]1 ! national h]o ( ,spa91 = all 8 pure ,go?ic blood1 is an ,ea/]n n a ,we/]n h]o4 ,he w be und]/ood f> bett] :5 he is tri$ by ?is /&>d4 ,if we weigh him 9 ,ea/]n r ?an 9 ,we/]n scales1 a m l5i5t & above all a ju/] judgm5t w be ! result1 & we %all see h[ ! f9e qualities ) :i* leg5d cr$its him 7 n disprov$ by "s acts :i* ! mod]n ,we/]n consci5ce condemns4 ,on ! :ole x may be tak5 = grant$1 9 spite ( all t has be5 said to ! contr>y1 t tradition :i* easily errs ab\t facts1 is r>ely wrong ab\t "*4 ,ruy ,diaz de ,biv> 0 a h]o aft] ! ,arab's own he>t3-- 8,noble y leal1 soldado y ,caball]o1 ,seor te apellido la g5te ,mora10 z ! l9es run on 8 c(f9 9 ! t[n-hall at ,burgos4 ,no?+ be+ sacr$ to a critic1 x has be5 conte/$ t he 0 fir/ call$ 8,myo ,cid10 or 8,my ,"l10 by ! ,moors1 b tradition & etymology agree too well = ?is to be reasonably d\bt$4 ,x is c]ta9 t bo? ,moors & ,*ri/ians call$ him by 8 o!r title ( ,campeador 9 ,spani% & ,al-kambeyator 9 ! =m ! ,arabic writ]s gave x4 ,x 0 d]iv$ f 8 gallantry 9 s+le combats & did n mean1 z "s h ?\ght1 8,*ampion ( ! ,*ri/ians40 ,x is entirely 9 keep+ ) ! ,cid's ,arab aff9ities t 8 horse %\ld h atta9$ a fame almo/ z great z 8 own4 ,f ,bucephalus to ,cop5hag5 nev] 0 !re a ,european horse equal 9 r5[n to ,bavieca4 ,8 glory1 is x n writ 9 ne>ly e "o ( ! hundr$ ballads ( ! ,cid8 ,! *oos+ ( ,bavieca is "o ( ! mo/ /rik+ ev5ts 9 ! ,cid's y\?4 ,! boy ask$ 8 godfa!r1 a fat1 good-natur$ old prie/1 to give him a colt4 ,! prie/ took him to a field :]e ! m>es & _! colts 7 be+ ex]cis$ & told him to take ! be/4 ,!y 7 driv5 pa/ him & he let all ! h&some/ g by2 !n a m>e came up ) an ugly & mis]able-look+ colt--8,?is10 he cri$1 8is ! "o = me60 ,8 godfa!r 0 angry & call$ him a simpleton1 b ! lad only answ]$ t ! horse w\ld turn out well & t 8,simpleton0 78,bavieca07 %\ld be 8 "n4 ,horses :i* beg9 z ugly duckl+s & end z swans are an ext5sive bre$4 ,c\nt de ,gub]natis1 9 8 valuable "w on 8,zoological ,my?ology10 m5tions ,hatos1 ! magical horse ( ! ,hung>ians1 z belong+ to ?is class4 ,if z old z ! olde/ leg5d1 !y are1 9 a s5se1 z new z ! 8outsid]0 :i* c>ries (f "o ( ! greate/ prizes ( ! ,turf4 ,! *oos+ ( ,bavieca 0 9 ! m9d ( ,c]vantes :5 he describ$ 9 8 inimitable way ! *oos+ ( ,roz9ante 78ex-jade071 :o nev] became any?+ b a roz9 9 ! mo/ pres5t t5se1 except 9 ! imag9ation ( 8 ma/]1 b :o w live = ev] 9 8 company1 to be> witness to ! indivisible on5ess ( ! knight & 8 horse4 ,completely ,ori5tal 9 s5tim5t is ! spl5did ballad :i* relates h[ ! ,cid (f]$ ,bavieca to 8 k+ because x 0 n meet t a subject %\ld h a horse s f> m preci\s ?an any possess$ by 8 "l4 ,!re is 9 ?is n only ! act ( homage b also ! absorb+ pride :i* made ! ,arab :o 0 ov]tak+ a horse-/eal]1 %\t to him ! secret sign at :i* 8 /ol5 m>e w\ld g h] be/1 pref]r+ to lose h] ?an to vanqui% h]4 8,o k+1 ! ?+ is %ameful t any man beside ,! liege "l ( ,ca/ile himself %\ld ,bavieca ride4 ,= nei!r ,spa9 nor ,araby c\ld ano!r *>g] br+ ,s good z he1 & c]tes1 ! be/ befits ! k+40 ,! gorge\s simplicity ( ! orig9al is miss$ by ,lockh>t 9 ! succe$+ v]ses1 9 :i* ! ,cid1 be=e giv+ up ! horse1 m\nts him to %[ 8 wor?1 8 erm9e mantle hang+ f 8 %\ld]s4 ,he w d1 he says1 9 ! pres5ce ( ! k+ :at he has n done = long except 9 battle ) ! ,moor3 he w t\* ,bavieca ) 8 spurs4 ,!n comes ! madde/1 wilde/1 yet mo/ accompli%$ display ( noble horseman%ip t ev] wit*$ ! _w4 ,"o re9 breaks & ! behold]s tremble = 8 life1 b ) ease & grace he guides ! foam+ & pant+ horse be=e ! k+ & prep>es to yield him up4 ,!n ,alfonso cries1 ,god =bid t he %\ld take him3 he %all be acc\nt$1 inde$1 z 81 b %ameful w\ld x be 8,t pe]less ,bavieca %\ld ev] be be/rid ,by any mortal b ,biv>--#8,m\nt1 m\nt aga91 my ,cid6'0 ,!re is a spot 9 ,spa9 :]e we /ill seem to brea! ! v air ( *ivalr\s romance3 ! royal arm\ry at ,madrid1 9 :i* ! mail-clad knights ) _! plumes1 _! h\s+s1 _! lances1 _! trophies1 sit _! f9e horses z gallantly z if !y 7 rid+ /raight into ! li/s4 ,!re1 & !re alone1 we c invoke ! prop] mise en scne = ! ge/es & j\/s describ$ 9 ! ,spani% ballads4 ,hi/orically1 x seems c]ta9 t ! ,cid di$ at ,val5cia 9 ,july1 #ajii1 an access ( grief t 8 capta9s--:o1 ow+ to 8 ill-heal?1 7 oblig$ to replace him--_h fail$ to hold ! ,moors 9 *eck4 ,k+ ,alfonso came to ! assi/ance ( 8 noble wid[1 ,jim5a1 b f9ally ,val5cia _h to be ab&on$2 all ! ,*ri/ians left ! t[n & ! ,cid's body 0 borne to 8 di/ant ,nor!rn home4 ,su* is ! hi/orical outl9e1 suffici5tly pa!tic 9 itself b adorn$ ) additions1 n all ( !m1 p]haps1 inv5t$ 9 ! sublime leg5d ( ! ,la/ ,ride4 ,x is said t ! ,cid1 kn[+ t 8 la/ h\r 0 ne>1 refra9$ f any food except c]ta9 draughts ( rose-wat] 9 :i* 7 dissolv$ ! myrrh & balsam s5t to him by ! great ,sultan ( ,p]sia4 ,he gave p>ticul> in/ructions z to h[ 8 body 0 to be ano9t$ ) ! myrrh & balsam :i* rema9$ 9 ! gold5 caskets1 & h[ x 0 to be set upright on ,bavieca1 fully saddl$ & arm$1 to be /ill a t]ror to ! ,moors1 :o 7 to be kept 9 complete ignorance ( 8 dea?4 ,all ?is 0 done & a great victory 0 won ov] ! ,moors1 :o ?\ght !y saw _! dread$ enemy once m comm&+ 9 p]son4 ,!n ! victors />t$ on ! long j\rney to ,san ,p$ro de ,c>dea1 ne> ,burgos1 ! ,cid rid+ 8 horse by day1 support$ by an artful contrivance1 & by night plac$ on a dummy horse wr\ght by ,gil ,diaz1 8 devot$ s]vitor4 ,jim5a1 ) all ! ,cid's m51 foll[$ 9 8 tra94 ,on ! way ! procession is jo9$ by ! ,cid's two daught]s & by a great mass ( p :o m\rn$ 9 _! he>ts = ,spa9's greate/ h]o1 b !y wore ri* & gay app>el1 = ! ,cid _h =bidd5 ! we>+ ( m\rn+4 ,s ,c>dea 0 rea*$1 & t5d]ly & lov+ly ,ruy ,diaz lift$ ! ,cid's body = ! la/ "t f ,bavieca's back--nev] m to be> a man4 ,! glori\s w>-horse liv$ = two ye>s1 l$ to wat] ea* day by ,gil ,diaz4 ,on 8 dea?1 at m ?an =ty ye>s ( age & leav+ n unwor?y desc5dants beh9d him1 he 0 buri$1 accord+ to ! ,cid's express desire1 9 a deep & ample grave1 8s t no dog might di/urb 8 bones10 ne> ! gate ( ! ,conv5t1 & two elms 7 plant$ to m>k ! spot4 ,:5 ,gil ,diaz di$1 full ( ye>s & ri*ly provid$ = by ! ,cid's daught]s1 he 0 laid to re/ beside ! horse he _h lov$ & t5d$ s fai?fully4 ,9 ?is n>rative1 cond5s$ f ! ,*ronicles1 ! curi\s p>ticul> w h be5 notic$ ( ! gift by ! 8,great ,sultan ( ,p]sia0 to ! ,*ri/ian w>rior ( ^? preci\s spices & aromatic gums :i* seem to h be5 ! secret treasure ( old ,p]sia1 =m+ a priceless (f]+ res]v$ = ! v greate/ p]sonages4 ,! /rang5ess ( br++ 9 ! ,sultan ( ,p]sia almo/ sugge/s t !re 0 tru? 9 ! ass]tion t he _h s5t pres5ts to ! ,cid4 ,ov] ! sea & ov] ! fruitful fields ! radiance ( noble de$s travels1 z ,p9d] said ( old4 ,a little aft] ! m>* ( ! ,?\s&1 ! ,arabs ( ! des]t 7 he>d discuss+ r\nd _! camp-fires ! exploits ( ,g>ibaldi4 ,if ! fame ( ! ,cid rea*$ ,p]sia1 z x is v likely t x did1 he w\ld h f\nd f]v5t admir]s among a p :i* 0 /ill electrifi$ by ! epic poem ( ,firdusi1 :o di$ )9 a ye> or two ( ! ,cid's bir?4 ,9 t epic is told ! /ory ( ! ,p]sian ,campeador--! ,*ampion ,ru/em1 :o n only 9 8 title b 9 all we "k ( 8 g5]al be>+s has s great a resemblance to ! ,cid t x is a wond] if no hi/orical 8discov]]0 has d]iv$ "o f ! o!r1 ! m s s9ce !re h n be5 want+ writ]s :o d5i$ ! ,cid's exi/5ce4 ,& if ,ruy ,diaz de ,biv> has 8 analogue 9 ,ru/em1 has n ,bavieca a p]fect c\nt]p>t 9 ,raku%8 ,x is ! horse n 8 ma/] t leads me into ! mazes ( ! ,%ah ,nameh1 b some?+ ( ,ru/em mu/ be told to make ,raku%'s /ory intelligible4 ,l ,siegfri$1 ,ru/em 0 ( extraord9>y size & /r5g?3 he look$ a ye> old on ! day ( 8 bir?4 ,:5 he 0 /ill a *ild a :ite elephant broke loose & began trampl+ ! p to dea?3 ,ru/em ran to ! rescue & slew x4 ,a little "t aft] ?is 8 fa!r1 ^: "n 0 ,zal1 call$ ! boy & %[$ him all 8 horses1 desir+ him to *oose t :i* pleas$ him be/1 b n "o 0 p[]ful en\gh or spirit$ en\gh to satisfy him4 ,unlike ! ,cid1 ,ru/em want$ a horse t look$ z p]fect z he really 04 ,aft] exam9+ !m all & try+ _m1 he notic$ at a little di/ance a m>e foll[$ by a m>vell\sly beautiful foal4 ,ru/em got ready 8 noose to ?r[ ab\t ! foal's neck1 & :ile he did s1 a /able-man :isp]$ to him t ?is foal 01 inde$1 wor? any?+ to secure2 ! dam1 nam$ ,abre%1 0 fam\s1 :ile ! sire _h be5 no mortal creature b a dj9n4 ,! foal's "n 0 ,raku% 78,lightn+071 a "n giv5 to a dappl$ or piebald horse1 & 8 coat1 t 0 z s(t z silk1 look$ l rose-leaves /rewn on a saffron gr\nd4 ,sev]al p]sons :o _h tri$ already to capture ! foal _h be5 kill$ by ! m>e1 :o all[$ no "o to g ne> x4 ,9 fact1 no soon] has ,ru/em lasso$ ! foal ?an its "m ru%es t[>ds him ready to seize him ) h] :ite tee?1 :i* gli/5 9 ! sun4 ,ru/em utt]s a l\d cry :i* s />tles ! m>e t %e pauses = an in/ant3 !n1 ) cl5*$ fi/1 he ra9s bl[ on bl[ on h] head & neck till %e drops d[n to die4 ,x 0 done 9 self-def5ce3 /ill1 x is a b>b>ic prelude4 ,ru/em cont9u$ to hold ,raku% ) 8 free h& :ile he conqu]$ ! m>e1 b n[ ! colt drags him hi!r & ?i!r l an inanimate object3 ! dauntless y\? has to /rive long = ! ma/]y1 b he does n re/ till ! end is a*iev$4 ,! horse is brok5 9 at "o brea?1 aft] ! fa%ion ( ,am]ican c[-boys4 ,x %\ld be notic$ t leg5d>y h]oes always break 9 _! own horses--no o!r influ5ce has be5 ev] br\ght to be> on ! horse b _! own4 ,raku% has f\nd a ma/] inde$1 b a ma/] wor?y ( him4 ,he has recognis$ t !re is "o--only "o--fit to rule him4 ,l all true h]oes' horses1 he w suff] no o!r mortal to m\nt him3 if ,b>b>y really all[$ ,bol+broke to ride him x 0 a sure sign t 8 poor royal ma/] 0 no h]o4 ,?is same *>act]i/ic belong$ also to ,julius ,cs>'s horse1 :i* 0 a rem>kable animal 9 m ways ?an "o1 z he 0 report$ to h feet l a human be+4 ,i h no d\bt t ,soloman's :ite m>e1 ,k\re51 foll[$ ! same rule z well z ! angel ,gabriel's reput$ /e$1 ,hazim1 ?\gh ,i h n f\nd record ( ! fact4 ,:5 ! colt is brok5 91 he /&s be=e 8 ma/] p]fect & )\t flaw4 8,n[ ,i & my horse are ready to jo9 ! fight+-m5 9 ! field10 says ,ru/em z he places ! saddle on 8 back1 to ! b\ndless joy ( ,zal1 ^: old1 )]$ he>t becomes z gre5 z spr+tide ) ! ?rill ( fa!rly pride4 ,s ,raku% is ri*ly cap>ison$ & ,ru/em rides away on him1 be>dless y\? ?\gh he is1 to comm& great armies1 slay fe>some dragons1 defeat ! wiles ( sorc]]s1 & d all ! o!r feats ) :i* ! fre% fancy ( a "y nation embroid]$ ! /ory ( its fav\rite h]o--=1 x mu/ be rememb]$1 ,firdusi did n inv5t ,ru/em any m ?an ,t5nyson inv5t$ ,lancelot4 ,i ?9k !re is e reason to believe t !re 0 a real ,ru/em j z !re 0 a real ,cid2 & t ! fir/1 l ! second1 0 a comb9ation ( ! gu]rill]o1 ! condotti]e1 ! magnific5t free-boot]1 ) ! knight-errant or palad9--a /amp :i* 0 impress$ ^u ! o!r rle by ! p]sonal quality ( noble-m9d$ness possess$ by ! individual 9 ea* case4 ,= ye>s unnumb]$ ! exploits ( ,ru/em h ent]ta9$ ! ,p]sian li/5] f pr9ce to peasant1 b ! /ory w ev] rema9 "y because x is ( ^? :i* reflect t :i* holds mank9d spell-b\nd3 ! magnetic p[] ( human p]sonality4 ,"o he>s ! cle>1 crisp clatt] ( ! horse's ho(s z !y gallop ?r\gh ! epic4 ,docile z ,raku% has become1 8 _s is unb5t2 he is eag] to fight 8 own battles & 8 ma/]'s too4 ,l ,bai>do1 ! horse 9 ,ario/o1 he uses 8 ho(s ) deadly effect1 & on "o occasion !re is a regul> duel betwe5 him & ano!r horse :ile ,ru/em is fight+ its rid]4 ,8 ra%ness inspires ,ru/em ) mu* anxiety 9 _! e>li] j\rneys toge!r4 ,q at ! beg9n+1 :5 ,ru/em is on 8 way to lib]ate 8 captive k+--8 fir/ 8lab\r0--he lies d[n to sleep 9 a =e/1 leav+ ,raku% free to graze1 & :at is n 8 surprise :5 he wakes to f9d a l>ge lion ext5d$ dead on ! grass close by4 ,raku% kill$ ! savage bea/ ) tee? & heels :ile 8 ma/] slept tranquilly4 ,ru/em remon/rates ) 8 too v5turesome /e$3 ,:y did he fight ! lion all alone8 ,:y did he n neigh l\dly & call = assi/ance8 ,_h he reflect$ h[ t]ribly un=tunate x w\ld be = ,ru/em if any?+ 7 to happ5 to him8 ,:o w\ld c>ry 8 heavy battle-axe & all 8 o!r acc\trem5ts8 ,he conjures ,raku% to fight no m lions s+le-h&$4 ,!n & at o!r times ,ru/em talks to ,raku%1 b ,raku% does n answ] l ! horse ( ,a*illes4 ,! ,p]sians ( ! elev5? c5tury _h rea*$ ! /age ( p :o take _! m>vels ) discrim9ation2 !y accept$ ,simurghs1 :ite demons1 phantom elks1 giants1 dragons1 b !y might h hesitat$ ab\t a talk+ horse4 ,ano!r ( ,ru/em's addresses to 8 horse 0 spok5 aft] "o ( 8 fir/ victories :5 ! enemy 0 9 full retreat3 8,my valu$ fri5d10 he said1 8put =? ?9e utmo/ spe$ & be> me aft] ! foe40 ,! noble animal c]ta9ly und]/ood1 = he b\nd$ ov] ! pla9 snort+ z he flew along & toss+ up 8 mane1 & great 0 ! booty :i* fell into 8 ma/]'s h&s4 ,ru/em once said t ) 8 arms & 8 tru/y /e$ he w\ld n m9d fight+ ?irty ?\s& m54 ,z a matt] ( fact1 he nev] lack$ foll[]s1 = he 0 ( ^? capta9s :o h only to /amp on ! gr\nd = !re to spr+ up soldi]s4 ,9 ! n9ete5? c5tury a 8leg5d>y h]o0 w&]$ ) 8 horse ov] ! pla9s ( ,uruguay mu* z ,ru/em w&]$ ) ,raku%4 8,9 my nomad life 9 ,am]ica10 writes ,g>ibaldi1 8aft] a long m>* or a day's fight+1 ,i unsaddl$ my poor tir$ horse & smoo!d & dri$ 8 coat 444 r>ely c\ld ,i (f] him a h&ful ( oats s9ce ^? illimitable fields provide s little gra9 t oats are n (t5 giv5 to horses4 ,!n1 aft] lead+ him to wat]1 ,i settl$ him = ! night ne> my own re/+-place4 ,well1 :5 all ?is 0 done1 :i* 0 no m ?an a duty to my fai?ful companion ( toil & p]il1 ,i felt cont5t1 & if by *ance he neigh$1 refre%$1 or roll$ on ! gre5 turf--oh1 !n ,i ta/$ la g5til volutt d'ess] pio60 ,m>vels are out ( date1 b feel+ rema9s un*ang$1 & ! 8sweets ( k9dness0 7 kn[n1 surely1 ev5 to ! e>lie/ h]o :o made a fri5d ( 8 horse & f\nd him1 9 ! solitude ( ! wild1 no bad sub/itute = human fri5ds4 ,9 ! /ory ( ,sohrab1 "o ( ! f9e/ episodes 9 epic poetry1 ,raku% is introduc$ z ! prim>y cause ( x all4 ,tir$ ) hunt+ 9 ! =e/1 & p]haps incl9$ to sleep by a meal ( roa/$ wild ass1 :i* seems to h be5 8 fav\rite game1 ,ru/em lay d[n to re/ "u a tree1 turn+ ,raku% free to graze z 0 8 wont4 ,:5 he awoke ! horse 0 n[h]e to be se56 ,ru/em look$ = 8 pr9ts1 a way ( recov]+ /ol5 animals /ill practis$ ) a/oni%+ success 9 ,india4 ,he f\nd ! pr9ts & guess$ t 8 fav\rite _h be5 c>ri$ (f by robb]s1 :i* 0 :at _h actually happ5$3 a b& ( ,t>t> m>aud]s lasso$ ! horse ) _! kamunds & dragg$ him home4 ,ru/em foll[$ ! track ov] ! bord] ( ! little /ate ( ,sam5gan1 ! k+ ( :i*1 w>n$ ( ! approa* ( ! h]o ( ! age1 w5t out to meet him on foot ) great def]5ce4 ,! h]o1 h[ev]1 0 9 no mood = complim5ts2 full ( wra?1 he told ! k+ t 8 horse _h be5 /ol5 & t he _h trac$ 8 footpr9ts to ,sam5gan4 ,! k+ kept 8 pres5ce ( m9d bett] ?an might h be5 expect$2 he made pr(use excuses & decl>$ t no ef=t %\ld be sp>$ to recov] ! horse--mean:ile he pray$ ,ru/em to become 8 hon\r$ gue/4 ,emiss>ies 7 s5t 9 all directions 9 se>* ( ,raku% & a gr& ent]ta9m5t 0 prep>$ = 8 ma/]4 ,pleas$ & placat$1 ,ru/em1 :o _h sp>$ little "t = luxury 9 8 adv5tur\s life1 f9ally lay d[n on a delightful & beautifully adorn$ b$4 ,h[ poetic 0 sleep :5 x 0 associat$1 n ) an erection on f\r legs1 b ) a l[ c\* spread ) co/ly furs & ri* ,ea/]n /uffs6 ,s ,ru/em repos$1 :5 8 eyes op5$ on a liv+ dream1 a maid5 /&+ by 8 side1 h] lovely features illum9at$ by a lamp :i* a slave girl held4 8,i am ! daught] ( ! k+10 says ! fair vision2 8no "o man has ev] se5 my face or ev5 he>d my voice4 ,i h he>d ( ?y wondr\s val\r44440 ,ru/em1 /ill wond]+ if he slept or woke1 ask$ h] :at 0 h] w8 ,%e answ]$ t %e lov$ him = 8 fame & glory1 & t %e _h v[$ to ,god %e w\ld w$ no o!r man4 ,behold1 ,god has br\ght him to h]6 ,%e desires him to ask h] h& to-morr[ ( h] fa!r & s dep>ts1 light$ on h] way by ! little slave4 ,0 ev] any?+ m *a/e 9 its self-ab&onm5t ?an ! av[al ( ?is love1 holy z ,desdemona's & irresi/ible z ,s5ta's8 ,n[h]e 9 fiction c be f\nd a m conv9c+ illu/ration ( ! tru? t ! ess5tial spr+ ( woman's love = man is h]o-wor%ip4 ,on :i* tru?1 9 spite ( ! illusions x cov]s1 :at is be/ 9 human evolution is l>gely built4 ,! k+ gave glad ass5t to ! m>riage1 :i* 0 celebrat$ accord+ to ! rites ( t c\ntry4 ,ru/em t>ri$ b "o night ) 8 bride3 9 ! morn+ ) weep+ eyes %e wat*$ him gallop+ away on ! recov]$ ,raku%4 ,long %e griev$1 & only :5 a son 0 born 0 h] sad he>t com=t$4 ,! gr&fa!r gave ! boy ! "n ( ,sohrab4 ,ru/em _h left an amulet to be plac$ 9 ! hair if ,god gave h] a daught] b b\nd r\nd ! arm if a son 7 born4 ,9 due c\rse ,ru/em s5t a gift ( co/ly jewels to 8 wife ,tahm9eh1 ) inquiries :e!r ! bir? ( a *ild _h bless$ ! m>riage8 ,& n[ ! "m ( ,sohrab made ! fatal mi/ake ( a deception :i* l$ to all ! evil t foll[$2 %e s5t ^w t a girl _h be5 born because %e 0 afraid t if ,ru/em knew t he _h a son1 he w\ld take him f h]4 ,ru/em1 disappo9t$ 9 8 hopes1 ?\ght no m ab\t ,sam5gan4 ,!re is no h9t t ,tahm9eh's fibb+1 :i*1 l v _m o!r 8:ite lies10 end$ 9 dire disa/]1 0 9 ! slighte/ degree ! moral z well z ! actual cause ( ! fatality4 ,h]odotus said t e ,p]sian *ild 0 taught to ride & to speak ! tru?2 by ,firdusi's "t ! second "p ( ! in/ruction seems to h be5 neglect$1 = 9 ! ,%ah ,nameh he makes ev]ybody give full re9 to 8 p[]s ( inv5tion )\t ! slighte/ scruple4 ,! bad consequ5ces are attribut$ to bl9d fate1 n to see+ ,nemesis4 ,:at is s agonis+ 9 ! doom ( ,sohrab is precisely ! lack ( moral cause su* z exi/s 9 ! ,greek trag$ies4 ,?\gh we d n accept z a reality ! ,greek !ory ( retribution1 we d accept x z a po9t ( view1 & x helps u1 z x help$ !m1 to endure ! unspeakable horror ( ! dipus /ory4 ,sohrab goes =?1 ) a boy's en?usiasm1 to conqu] ,p]sia z a pres5t to 8 unkn[n fa!r4 ,! two meet1 & are incit$ to engage 9 s+le combat1 ea* n kn[+ ! o!r4 ,aft] a ,titanic conte/1 ,sohrab falls fatally w\nd$1 & only !n does ,ru/em discov] 8 id5tity4 ,mat!w ,arnold's poem has famili>is$ ,engli% read]s ) ?is wond]ful sc5e1 & ?\gh ! 8atmosph]e0 ) :i* he surr\nd$ x1 is r classical ?an ,ea/]n1 8 8,sohrab & ,ru/um0 rema9s ! f9e/ r5d]+ ( an ,ea/]n /ory 9 ,engli% poetry4 ,"s bl9d guide blam$ him = 8plagi>is+0 ,firdusi3 9 a few po9ts he might h done wisely to foll[ 8 orig9al /ill m closely2 at lea/1 x is a pity t he did n en%r9e 9 8 own beautiful poem ,sohrab's t\*+ words ( com=t to 8 di/ract$ fa!r3 8,none is immortal--:y ?is grief80 ,brave1 spotless1 k9d1 ,firdusi's h]o-victim :o 8came z ! lightn+ & w5t z ! w9d0 w always rank ) ! highe/ 9 ! ,h\se ( ! ,y\?ful ,dead4 ,sohrab _h a horse z well z ,ru/em4 ,?is sort ( repetition or v>iation :i* is (t5 met ) 9 ,ea/]n lit]ature pleases *ildr51 :o l an incid5t mu* ! bett] if !y are already acqua9t$ ) x1 b to ! mature s5se ( ! ,we/ x seems a fault 9 art4 ,no d\bt = ?is reason ,mat!w ,arnold does n m5tion ,sohrab's horse1 :ile do+ full ju/ice to ,raku%4 ,b connect$ ) ! "y man's *>g] !re is a sc5e ( ! deepe/ human int]e/ & pa?os1 :5 x is l$ back to 8 m\rn+1 sonless "m :o _h wat*$ him ride =? on x1 rejoic+ 9 its /r5g? & 9 8 own4 ,x 0 *os5 by him & saddl$ by him = ! fir/ "t 9 8 glad boyhood2 n[ x is l$ back alone1 ) 8 arms & trapp+s hang+ f ! saddle-b[s4 ,9 an agony ( grief ,tahm9eh presses its ho(s to h] brea/ & kisses head & face1 cov]+ !m ) h] te>s4 ,! "m dies aft] a ye> ( ceaseless he>tbreak2 ! fa!r & slay] grieves ) a /rong man's mighty grief1 b he lives to /ruggle & fight4 ,he & 8 ,raku% h _m m wondr\s adv5tures1 pass+ ?r\gh en*antm5ts & dis5*antm5ts & und]go+ w\nds & m>vell\s cures bo? ( m5 & bea/1 till _! h\r too comes4 ,ru/em _h a base-born half-bro!r1 nam$ ,%ughad1 :o 0 c>efully br\ght up & w$d$ to a k+'s daught]1 ?\gh ! a/rolog]s _h =etold t he w\ld br+ ru9 to 8 h\se4 ,?is evil g5ius invites 8 inv9cible k9sman to a day's hunt+1 hav+ secretly prep>$ hidd5 pits bri/l+ ) swords4 ,! wise ,raku% /ops %ort at ! br9k ( ! fir/ pit1 refus+ to advance2 ,ru/em is /irr$ to ang] & /rikes 8 fav\rite1 :o1 urg$ ?us1 falls into ! pit1 b ) sup]human en]gy1 ?\gh cruelly cut ab\t1 em]ges f x ) 8 rid] safely on 8 back4 ,x is 9 va91 = ano!r & ano!r pit awaits !m--sev5 times !y come up1 hack$ ab\t ) w\nds1 b on ris+ out ( ! sev5? pit !y bo? s9k dy+ at ! edge4 ,fa9tness cl\ds ,ru/em's bra92 !n1 = a little space1 x gr[s cle> & cool & he utt]s ! accus+ cry1 8,?\1 my bro!r60 ,! wret*'s answ] is no def5ce ( him--!re c exi/ none--b /rangely1 unexpect$ly1 9 spite ( ! impure lips t speak x1 x gives ! ju/ification ( ,god's ways4 8,god has will$ ,ru/em's end = all ! blood he has %$40 ,f 8 own /]n fai? ) its ,semitic roots1 ,firdusi took ?is great1 solemn conception ( blood-guilt9ess :i* all[$ no compromise4 8,?\ ha/ %$ blood abundantly & ha/ made great w>s40 ,"o ?9ks1 too1 ( ! wail ( "o :o 0 ( mod]n m51 ! mo/ l ! old ,hebrew type3 8,all ,i h done10 said ,bism>ck 9 8 old age1 8is to cause _m te>s to fl[40 ,! k+1 :o is ! fa!r-9-law ( ,%ughad1 (f]s to s5d = a magic balm to cure ,ru/em's w\nds1 b ! h]o w h none ( x4 ,he is n[ q collect$1 ?\gh 8 life-blood is ebb+ away4 ,9 a quiet voice he asks ,%ughad to d him ! k9dness ( /r++ 8 b[ & plac+ x 9 8 h&s1 s t :5 dead he may be a sc>ecr[ to keep away wolves & wild bea/s f dev\r+ 8 body4 ,) a hateful smile ( triumph ,%ughad complies2 ,ru/em grasps ! b[1 & tak+ un]r+ aim lets g ! arr[1 :i* nails ! traitor to ! tree1 :i!r he ru%$ to hide himself4 ,s ,ru/em dies1 ?ank+ ! ,almighty = giv+ him ! p[] to av5ge 8 murd]4 ,!re are few bett] in/ances ( ! long survival ( a traditional s5tim5t ?an ! fact ( ! k+'s 7or ! *ief's7 /able be+ reg>d$ 9 mod]n ,p]sia z an inviolable sanctu>y4 ,?is mu/ h orig9at$ 9 ! v5]ation once felt = ! horse4 ,! mis=tunes :i* befell ! gr&son ( ,nadir ,%ah 7 attribut$ to 8 hav+ put to dea? a man :o took refuge 9 8 /able4 ,no horse w c>ry to victory a ma/] :o pr(anes 8 /able ) blood%$4 ,ev5 political (f5d]s or pret5d]s to ! ?rone 7 safe if !y c\ld rea* ! /able = z long z !y rema9$ 9 x4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,xv ,,animals ,,9 ,,ea/]n ,,fiction ,i ,,0 look+ idly at ! motley ,damascus cr[d beh9d ^: outw>d /rang5ess to my eyes ,i knew !re lay a deep] /rang5ess ( ideas1 :5 9 ! middle ( a cle>+ ,i saw a monkey 9 a r$ fez :i* began to g ?r\gh its famili> tricks4 ,i ?\ght to myself1 8,h[ v ne> t monkey seems to me60 ,x 0 l ! well-kn[n figure ( an old fri5d4 ,s x is ) ! animal-lore ( ,ea/]n fiction2 x seems v ne> to u2 its h]oes are our famili> fri5ds4 ,p]haps we w\ld lose ev]y?+ 9 ! treasure-h\se ( ,ori5tal tales soon] ?an ! /ories ( bea/s4 ,if ^? /ories _h a hidd5 mean+ :i* escapes u we are n tr\bl$ by _! hidd5 mean+4 ,9 _! obvi\s s5se !y appeal to u directly1 )\t any ef=t to call up conditions ( life & m9d f> remov$ f our own4 ,we take !m to our he>ts & keep !m !re4 ,inde$1 ! ,we/ lik$ ! ,ea/]n /ories ( bea/s s well t x borr[$ n a few )\t any ackn[l$gm5t4 ,we all "k t ! ,wel% dog1 ,gell]t1 ^: grave is %[n to ?is day1 _h a ne> relative 9 ! mungoose ( a ,*9ese ,buddhi/ /ory :i* exi/s 9 a collection dat+ f ! fif? c5tury4 ,! same motive reappe>s 9 ! ,pan*atantra1 a ,sanscrit collection to :i* is assign$ a slightly lat] date4 ,^! are ! e>lie/ traces ( x t h come to light1 b its subsequ5t w&]+s are endless4 ,! !me does n v>y mu*2 a fai?ful animal saves a *ild f imm95t p]il3 x is se5 ) m>ks ( blood or signs ( a /ruggle ^u x1 & on ! supposition t x has kill$ or hurt ! *ild1 x is kill$ be=e ! tru? is discov]$4 ,! animal v>ies accord+ to ! locality1 & among/ ! o!r po9ts ( int]e/ 9 ?is _w-leg5d is t ( rem9d+ u ( ! univ]sal diffusion ( pet animals4 ,we le>n1 too1 :i* 0 ! *>act]i/ically h\sehold animal ) ! p :o re-tell ! /ory3 9 ,syria1 ,greece1 ,spa91 z 9 ,wales1 & also 7r to our surprise7 among ! ,jews1 we he> ( a dog4 ,! weasel tribe prevails 9 ,india & ,*9a1 ! cat 9 ,p]sia4 ,probably 9 ,india & 9 ,*9a dogs 7 n (t5 admitt$ inside ! h\ses2 9 a ,*9ese analog\s tale1 ( :i* ,i %all speak pres5tly1 !re is a dog1 b ! incid5ts take place on ! highway4 ,! mungoose 0 ! traditional pet ( ,india because its enmity to snakes mu/ h ga9$ = x admittance into dwell+-places f v e>ly times1 & :]ev] man lives 9 dome/icity ) any animal t he does n look ^u z food1 he _c save himself f becom+ atta*$ to x only a little less ?an he is atta*$ to ! human memb]s ( 8 h\sehold4 ,to ?is rule !re are no exceptions4 ,9 ! matt] ( folk-tales1 ev5 :5 we seem to h a clue to _! orig91 x is ra% to be dogmatic4 ,x has be5 rem>k$ t ! orig9 ( ?is /ory 0 probably ,buddhi/1 because x is unque/ionable t ,buddhi/ monks purposely taught humanity to animals4 ,suppos+ t ! /ory 0 diffus$ ) a fix$ purpose ov] ! va/ area cov]$ at "o "t or ano!r by ,buddhism1 x w\ld h />t$ ) a wide base :5ce to spread4 ,moreov]1 z ,i m5tion$1 we f9d x fir/ 9 a ,buddhi/ collection ( /ories4 ,b ,i am f> f sure t ! /ory did n exi/--nay1 t ! fact may n h happ5$--long be=e ,gautama prea*$ 8 humane morality4 ,:y %\ld n ! fact h happ5$ ov] & ov] aga98 ,x is "o ( ^? /ories t are m true ?an tru?4 ,i c tell a p]fectly true tale :i*1 ?\gh n q ! same z 8,gell]t's h\nd10 des]ves no less to g r\nd ! _w4 ,a few ye>s ago a man w5t out 9 a boat on a ,fr5* riv] to dr[n 8 dog4 ,9 mid /ream he ?rew ! dog into ! wat] & began to r[ away4 ,! dog foll[$ & tri$ to clamb] up into ! boat4 ,! man gave x "s sev]e bl[s ab\t ! head ) ! o>1 b ! dog /ill foll[$ ! boat4 ,!n ! man lo/ 8 temp] & lo/ 8 balance3 j z he aim$ :at he ?\ght w\ld be ! f9al bl[ he tumbl$ into ! wat]1 & z he did n "k h[ to swim he 0 on ! po9t ( be+ dr[n$4 ,!n ! dog play$ 8 "p3 he grasp$ ! man's clo!s ) 8 tee? & held him up till assi/ance came4 ,t dog 0 nev] dr[n$6 ,?+s are soon =gott5 n[1 b if ?is _h only happ5$ on a ,*9ese canal ?ree ?\s& ye>s ago we might /ill h be5 he>+ ab\t x4 ,m folk-tales arose 9 su* a way ?an an unbeliev+ _w suspects4 ,9 ! ,*9ese ,buddhi/ v]sion ( ,gell]t we are told t a v poor ,brahman :o _h to beg 8 bread possess$ a pet mungoose1 :i*1 z he _h no *ildr51 became z fondly lov$ z if x _h be5 8 son4 ,h[ true is ?is t\* :i* %[s ! love ( animals z ! ka?>sis ( ! he>t-a*e or he>tbreak ( ! *ildless6 ,b1 by & by1 to ! great joy ( ! ,brahman1 8 wife bore him a son2 aft] ?is happy ev5t he *]i%$ ! mungoose ev5 m ?an ev]1 = he said to himself t x 0 ! fact ( 8 hav+ treat$ x z if x _h be5 8 *ild :i* _h br\ght him ! unhop$-= good luck ( hav+ a real *ild ( 8 own4 ,"o day ! ,brahman w5t out to beg1 b be=e he w5t out he told 8 wife to be sure & take good c>e ( ! *ild & c>ry x ) h] if %e left ! h\se ev5 = a m9ute4 ,! woman f$ ! *ild ) cream & !n rememb]$ t %e _h to gr9d "s rice2 %e w5t into ! g>d5 to gr9d x & =got to take ! little boy ) h]4 ,aft] %e 0 gone1 a snake1 attract$ by ! smell ( ! cream1 crept q close to :]e ! *ild lay & 0 go+ to bite x1 :5 ! mungoose p]ceiv$ :at 0 go+ on & reflect$3 8,my fa!r has gone out & my "m too & n[ ?is poison\s snake wi%es to kill my little bro!r40 ,s ! mungoose attack$ ! poison\s snake & tore x into sev5 pieces4 ,!n x ?\ght t1 s9ce x _h kill$ ! snake & sav$ ! *ild1 x ought to acqua9t its fa!r & "m ( :at _h happ5$ & rejoice _! he>ts4 ,!re=e x w5t to ! door & wait$ = !m to return1 its m\? /ill cov]$ ) blood4 ,j !n ! ,brahman came home & he 0 n pleas$ to see 8 wife )\t ! *ild 9 ! out-h\se1 :]e ! mill 04 ,?us1 ?\gh ?is is left = ! he>] to inf]1 he 0 already vex$ & anxi\s1 :5 he met ! mungoose wait+ by ! door ) blood on its m\?4 ,! ?\ght ru%$ into 8 m9d1 8,?is creature1 be+ hungry1 has sla9 & eat5 ! *ild6 8,he took up a /ick & beat ! mungoose to dea?4 7,su* a little ?+1 x is s easily kill$67 ,aft] t he w5t into ! h\se1 :]e he f\nd ! baby sitt+ up 9 8 cradle play+ m]rily ) 8 f+]s1 :ile ! sev5 pieces ( ! dead snake lay beside him6 ,sorr[ fill$ ! ,brahman n[2 alas1 = 8 folly6 ,! fai?ful creature _h sav$ 8 *ild & he1 ?\ghtless wret* t he 01 _h kill$ x6 ,only 9 ?is v]sion are we in=m$ ( j :at ! devot$ animal ?\ght2 :i* may be a sign ( its ,buddhi/ orig94 ,9 ! mod]n ,indian v>iant1 ! mungoose1 ti$ by a /r+1 does n succe$ 9 gett+ free till aft] ! *ild has be5 bitt5 by ! snake ) :i* he _h be5 play+1 ?9k+ x a new toy4 ,! cobra took ! play 9 good "p till ! *ild accid5tally hurt x2 !n1 angry ) ! pa91 x bit him 9 ! neck4 ,:5 ! mungoose got loose ! de$ 0 done & ! cobra _h slunk back into its hole4 ,(f ran ! mungoose into ! jungle to f9d ! antidote :i* ! ,indian natives believe t ?is creature always uses :5 x is itself bitt5 by snakes4 ,! "m comes 9 at ! mom5t :5 ! mungoose is return+ ) ! antidote3 %e sees ! *ild ly+ motionless1 & ?9k+ t ! mungoose has kill$ x %e seizes x & da%es x to ! gr\nd4 ,x quiv]s = a few seconds1 !n x dies4 ,only :5 x is dead1 does ! "m notice ! snake-root :i* x /ill holds tightly 9 its m\?4 ,%e guesses ! :ole tru? & quickly adm9i/]s ! antidote to ! *ild1 :o recov]s consci\sness4 ,! mungoose 8_h be5 a great pet ) all ! *ildr5 & 0 greatly m\rn$ =40 ,9 ! ,sanscrit v]sion pres]v$ 9 ! ,pan*atantra collection ! "m has br\ght up an i*neumon ) h] only *ild1 z if x _h be5 8 bro!r2 nev]!less1 a sort ( fe> has always haunt$ h] t ! animal might hurt ! *ild soon] or lat]4 ,i mu/ int]rupt ! /ory to rem>k h[ (t5 ! +lori\s ,%akespe>e ( ^! poor little folk-tales traces ) no mean art ! psy*ological process :i* leads up to ! tragic crisis4 ,:at m true to life ?an ! obs]vation ( ! two oppos+ feel+s balanc+ ea* o!r 9 ! same m9d till "s accid5t causes "o ( !m to ga9 uncontrollable ma/]y8 ,:5 ! woman has kill$ h] innoc5t little fav\rite %e is bitt]ly unhappy1 b in/ead ( blam+ h] own ha/9ess1 %e says x 0 all h] husb&'s fault3 :at bus9ess _h he to g out begg+1 8?r\gh a gre$y desire ( pr(it10 in/ead ( m9d+ ! baby z %e _h told him to d1 :ile %e w5t to ! well to fet* wat]8 ,& n[ ! reprobate has caus$ ! dea? ( ! i*neumon1 ! d>l+ ( ! h\se6 ,! t\*+ trait ( ! creature1 :i* runs to its ma/] or mi/ress aft] sav+ ! *ild1 ) ! *>m+ confid5ce & pride :i* any animal %[s :5 x kn[s t x des]ves praise1 appe>s 9 ne>ly all ! v]sions4 ,pr9ce ,llewellyn's greyh\nd goes out to meet him 8all bloody & wagg+ 8 tail40 ,! i*neumon ran joy\sly to meet its mi/ress1 & ! cat1 9 ! ,p]sian v]sion1 came up to its ma/] 8rubb+ aga9/ 8 legs40 ,9 ! ,p]sian tale ! *ild's "m dies at its bir?1 & x is /at$ t %e 0 v fond ( ! cat1 :i* made ! man ev5 m griev$ t he _h kill$ x4 ,9 ,g]man folk-lore ! /ory ( ! dog 8,sultan0 s\nds z if x 7 inv5t$ by "s happy-s\l$ humori/ :o _h ! ,llewellyn motive 9 8 m9d1 b :o want$ to tell a m]ry tale in/ead ( a sad "o4 8,sultan0 is s old t 8 ma/] wi%es to kill him1 ?\gh mu* aga9/ ! advice ( 8 wife4 ,s 8,sultan0 consults a wolf ( 8 acqua9tance1 :o proposes ! /ratagem ( pret5d+ t he is go+ to eat ! good p's *ild1 :ile 8,sultan0 pret5ds to come up j at ! nick ( "t to save x4 ,! plan is c>ri$ out ) complete success1 & 8,sultan0 lives out 8 days surr\nd$ by respect & gratitude4 ,!re are sev]al ,ea/]n tales :i* are ( ! same family z ,llewellyn's h\nd1 b 9 :i* ! animal1 in/ead ( sav+ a *ild1 conf]s "s o!r b5efit on its possessor4 ,9 a ,p]sian fable a k+ kills 8 falcon because x spill$ a cup ( wat] :i* he is ab\t to dr9k3 ( c\rse1 ! wat] 0 really poison$4 ,a curr5t folk-tale ( ,b5gal makes a horse ! victim ( its devotion 9 prev5t+ its ma/] f dr9k+ poison\s wat]4 ,r diff]5t is ! foll[+ ,*9ese tale1 :i* is to be f\nd1 told at m l5g?1 9 ,dr4 ,h]b]t ,h4 ,giles's delightful book1 8,/range ,/ories f a ,*9ese ,/udio03-- ,!re 0 a man ( ,lu-ngan :o _h scrap$ toge!r en\gh money to release 8 fa!r f prison1 :]e he 0 l to die ( all ! untold mis]ies ( ,*9ese durance4 ,he got on a mule & set out = ! t[n :]e 8 fa!r 0 langui%+1 tak+ ! silv] ) him4 ,:5 he 0 well on 8 way1 he 0 mu* annoy$ to see t a black dog :i* belong$ to ! family 0 foll[+ him2 he tri$ 9 va9 to make x g back4 ,aft] rid+ on = "s "t1 he got (f ! mule to re/ & he took ! opportunity = ?r[+ a l>ge /one at ! dog1 :i* ran away1 b z soon z he 0 on ! road aga9 ! dog trott$ up & took hold ( ! mule's tail1 z if try+ to /op x4 ,! man beat x (f ) ! :ip1 b x only ran r\nd 9 front ( ! mule1 & b>k$ frantically s z to imp$e its progress4 ,! man n[ reflect$1 8,?is is a v bad om510 & he got fairly into a rage & beat ! dog (f ) su* viol5ce t x did n come back4 ,s he cont9u$ 8 j\rney )\t fur!r incid5ts1 b :5 he rea*$ ! city 9 ! d>k ( ! ev5+1 :at 0 n 8 despair on f9d+ ab\t half 8 money gone6 ,he did n d\bt t he mu/ h dropp$ x on ! way1 & aft] pass+ a night ( t]rible di/ress he rememb]$1 t[>ds dawn1 ! /range way 9 :i* ! dog behav$1 & he began to ?9k t !re might be "s connexion betwe5 ?is & ! loss ( 8 money4 ,directly ! gates 7 op5 he retrac$ 8 /eps along ! road1 ?\gh he h>dly hop$ to f9d any clue to 8 loss1 z ! r\te 0 trav]s$ by _m travell]s4 ,b at ! spot :]e1 on ! previ\s day he dism\nt$ f 8 mule to re/1 he saw ! dog /ret*$ dead on ! gr\nd1 its hair /ill moi/ ) p]spiration1 & :5 he lift$ up ! body by "o ( its e>s1 he f\nd 8 lo/ silv] safely conceal$ und]nea? x6 ,8 gratitude 0 great1 & he b\ght a c(f91 9 :i* he plac$ ! dog & !n buri$ x4 ,! place is kn[n z 8! ,grave ( ! ,fai?ful ,dog40 ,x is n true t e "o 9 ,*9a eats dogs1 b "s d1 & ! trade 9 su* animals is a recognis$ bus9ess4 ,!re are sev]al cat & dog re/aurants at ,canton4 ,?is un5viable habit gives rise to ! /ory ( a m]*ant :o _h made a good /roke ( bus9ess at ,wu-hu & 0 go+ home 9 a canal boat1 :5 he notic$ on ! bank a but*] :o 0 ty+ up a dog previ\s to kill+ x4 ,x is n /at$ if ! m]*ant _h always a t5d] he>t or if 8 good =tune 9 ! t[n made him wi% to d a good turn to "s liv+ ?+2 anyh[1 he propos$ to buy ! dog4 ,! but*] 0 no fool2 he guess$ t ! trad] w\ld nev] leave ! dog to its fate aft] ?9k+ ab\t rescu+ x--:at dreadful sleepless nights su* a proce$+ w\ld co/ any ( u6 ,s he boldly ask$ a great deal m ?an ! dog 0 wor?1 :i* 0 paid d[n1 & ! animal 0 unti$ & put on ! boat ) 8 new ma/]4 ,n[ x s happ5$ t ! boatman _h be5 a brig&1 &1 ?\gh p>tially re=m$1 ! feel+ t he _h on bo>d a travell] ) a l>ge sum ( money 0 too /rong a temptation = him4 ,s he /opp$ ! boat by runn+ x among ! ru%es & drew out a long knife1 ) :i* he prep>$ to murd] 8 pass5g]4 ,! m]*ant begg$ ! brig& n to mutilate him or cut (f 8 head1 because su* treatm5t causes ! victim to appe> 9 ! next _w z no "o w\ld l to4 ,brig&s are g5]ally religi\s1 & ?is "o 0 no exception2 he 0 will+ to oblige ! m]*ant & ti$ him up1 q :ole1 9 a c>pet1 :i* he ?rew into ! riv]4 ,! dog1 :i* _h be5 look+ on1 0 9 ! wat] 9 a mom5t1 hugg+ & tugg+ at ! bundle till he got x to a %all[ place4 ,!n he b>k$ & b>k$ till p came to see :at 0 ! matt]1 & !y undid ! c>pet & f\nd ! trad] /ill alive4 ,! fir/ ?\ght ( ! rescu$ man 0 to track ! ?ief1 = :i* purpose he />t$ at once to g back to ,wu-hu4 ,at ! "t ( />t+1 mu* to 8 di/ress1 he miss$ ! dog4 ,on arriv+ at ,wu-hu he hunt$ among ! endless boats & %ipp+ = ! boat by :i* he _h travell$1 b un=tunately he c\ld see no?+ ( x1 & at la/ he gave up ! se>* & 0 go+ home ) a fri5d :5 :at %\ld he see b 8 lo/ dog1 :i* b>k$ 9 a curi\s way z if to invite him to foll[ x4 ,! m]*ant did s1 & ! dog l$ him to a boat t 0 ly+ close to ! quay4 ,into ?is boat ! dog jump$ & seiz$ hold ( "o ( ! boatm5 by ! leg4 ,9 spite ( bl[s ! animal w\ld n let g1 & !n ! m]*ant1 on look+ h>d at ! boatman1 recognis$ him z ! v man :o tri$ to murd] him1 ?\gh he _h a nice new suit ( clo!s & a new boat4 ,! ?ief 0 arre/$ & ! money f\nd at ! bottom ( ! boat4 8,to ?9k10 says ! /ory-tell]1 8t a dog c\ld %[ gratitude l t60 ,to :i* ,dr4 ,giles adds t dogs 9 ,*9a are usually 8ill-f$1 b>k+ curs0 :i*1 if valu$ z gu>dians ( h\se & *attels1 are /ill despis$4 ,b beautiful moral qualities h ! p[] to conqu] loa?+1 & ev5 9 ^? c\ntries :]e ! dog is reg>d$ g5]ally ) av]sion x is /ill ! *os5 type ( sublime fidelity & love4 ,i c nev] ?9k ( ,*9ese dogs )\t rememb]+ a /ory told by my c\s91 ,"l ,napi] ( ,magdala1 ( an incid5t :i*1 he said1 gave him m pa9 ?an any?+ t _h ev] happ5$ to him 9 8 life4 ,:5 he 0 9 ,*9a he *anc$ to admire a dog1 :i* 0 imm$iately (f]$ to him z a gift4 ,he c\ld n accept ! (f]1 & next day he he>d t ! own] ( ! dog ) all 8 family1 five p]sons1 _h dr[n$ himself 9 a well4 ,probably !y imag9$ t he 0 (f5d$ by _! (f]+ him a m]e dog4 ,9 ,india1 to return to t home ( leg5d1 ! two mo/ sublime ,bea/ ,/ories are to be f\nd 9 ! ,great ,epic ( ! ,h9du race1 ! ,mahabh>ata4 ,!y are bo? /ories ( ! fai?fulness ( man to bea/1 & !y af=d consolation = ! sorry figure pres5t$ by ! human actor 9 ! m>tyr$ mungoose tale4 ,! fir/ ( ^! /ories is ! leg5d ( ! ,hawk & ! ,pigeon4 ,a pigeon pursu$ by a hawk flies = protection to ! prec9ct ( sacrifice1 :]e a v pi\s k+ is ab\t to make 8 (f]+4 ,x cl+s to ! k+'s brea/1 motionless ) fright4 ,!n up comes ! hawk1 :i*1 p]*+ on a ne> vantage-gr\nd1 beg9s to argue ! case4 ,all ! pr9ces ( ! e>? decl>e ! k+ to be a magnanim\s *ief2 :y1 !re=e1 %\ld he fly 9 ! face ( natural laws8 ,:y keep its de/9$ food f ! hawk1 :i* feels v hungry8 ,! k+ answ]s t ! pigeon came fly+ to him1 ov]come by fe> & seek+ to save its life4 ,h[ c he possibly give x up8 ,a trembl+ bird :i* ent]s 8 pres5ce begg+ = its life8 ,h[ ignoble x w\ld be to ab&on x6 ,surely x w\ld be a mortal s96 ,9 fact1 t is exactly :at ! ,law calls x6 ,! hawk retorts t all creatures mu/ eat to live4 ,y c su/a9 life on v little1 b h[ are y go+ to live on no?+ at all8 ,if ! hawk has no?+ to eat1 8 vital brea? w dep>t ?is v day 8on ! road :]e no?+ m affrights40 ,if he dies1 8 wife & *ildr5 w die too = want ( _! protector4 ,su* an ev5tuality _c be contemplat$ by ! ,law3 a law :i* contradicts itself is a v bad law & _c be 9 accordance ) et]nal tru?4 ,9 !ological difficulties "o has to consid] :at seems j & reasonable & int]pret ! po9t 9 t s5se4 8,!re is a great deal to be said = :at y say1 be/ ( f[ls10 replies ! k+1 :o is impress$ by ! hawk's =5sic skill & beg9s to ?9k him a p]son n to be trifl$ )2 8y are v well in=m$2 9 fact1 ,i am incl9$ to ?9k t y "k ev]y?+4 ,h[ c y suppose1 !n1 t x w\ld be a dec5t ?+ to give up a creature t seeks refuge8 ,( c\rse1 ,i und]/& t ) y x is a "q ( a d9n]1 b some?+ mu* m sub/antial ?an ?is pigeon c be prep>$ = y imm$iately2 = in/ance1 a wild bo>1 or a gazelle or a buffalo--any?+ t y l40 ,! hawk answ]s t he nev]1 by any *ance1 t\*es meat ( t sort3 :y does ! k+ talk to him ab\t su* unsuitable diet8 ,by an immutable rule hawks fe$ on pigeons1 & ?is pigeon is ! v ?+ he wants & to :i* he has a p]fect "r4 ,9 a delicate metaphor he h9ts t ! k+ _h bett] leave (f talk+ nons5se4 ,! k+1 :o sees t argum5ts are no good1 n[ decl>es t any?+ & ev]y?+ he w give ! hawk by way ( comp5sation1 b t z to ! pigeon1 he w n give x up1 s x is no good go+ on discuss+ ! matt]4 ,! hawk says1 9 return1 t if ! k+ is s t5d]ly solicit\s on ! pigeon's acc\nt1 ! be/ ?+ he c d is to cut out a piece ( 8 own fle% & weigh x 9 ! scales ) ! pigeon--:5 ! balance is equal1 !n & !n only w ! hawk be satisfi$4 8,z y ask t z a fav\r10 says ! k+1 8y %all h :at y wi%0--a cons5t :i* seems to conta9 a polite h9t t ! hawk might h be5 a little less arrogant1 = 9 ! hawk's dem& !re 0 no m5tion ( fav\rs4 ,! k+ himself cuts out ! piece ( 8 fle% 7no "o else w\ld h d>$ d x74 ,b1 alas6 :5 x is weigh$ ) ! pigeon1 ! pigeon weighs ! mo/6 ,! k+ w5t on cutt+ pieces ( 8 fle% & ?r[+ !m into ! scales1 b ! pigeon 0 /ill ! heavie/4 ,at la/1 all lac]at$ z he 01 he ?rew himself into ! scales4 ,!n1 ) a bla/ ( revelation1 ! esot]ic s5se ( ! /ory is made pla94 ,!re is some?+ gr& 9 ! sudd5 anti!sis4 ,! hawk said3 8,i am ,indra1 ,o pr9ce1 ?\ t kn[e/ ! ,law6 ,& ?is pigeon is ,agni6 ,s9ce ?\ ha/ torn ?y fle% f ?y limbs1 ,o ?\ ,pr9ce ( ,m51 ?y glory %all %9e ?r\gh\t all worlds4 ,z long z !re be m5 on e>? !y w rememb] !e1 ,o k+4 ,z long z ! et]nal realms endure ?y fame %all n gr[ dim40 ,s ! gods return$ to heav51 to :i* ! pi\s ,wus9>a likewise asc5d$ ) 8 r5ovat$ body1 lum9\sly bright4 ,he ne$s n to complete 8 sacrifice--himself has he (f]$ up4 ,! li/5]s 7,ea/]n /ories are = li/5]s1 n = read]s7 are exhort$ to raise _! eyes & behold ) ! m9d's vision t pure & holy abode :]e ! righte\s dwell ) ! gods 9 glory ineffable4 ,?is beautiful fable belongs to ! g5]al class ( ! anci5t /ories ( ,div9e visitants1 b x has a m direct aff9ity ) ! lovely leg5ds ( ! ,middle ,ages1 9 :i* pi\s p :o give _! b$s to lep]s or o!rs suff]+ f loa?some disease f9d t x 0 ,*ri/ !y h>b\r$4 ,?\gh ! /ory ( ! ,hawk & ! ,pigeon may be us$ simply z a fairy tale1 ! moral ( x is :at =ms ! ess5tial k]nel ( o!r-worldly religions4 ,?r\gh ! mazes ( ,indian ?\ght em]ges ! con/ant conviction--l a ,div9e sign-po/--t m>tyrdom is r$emption4 ,! gods !mselves are less ?an ! man :o resigns ev]y?+ = :at 8 consci5ce tells him to be "r4 ,indra b[s be=e ,wus9>a & seeks to le>n ! ,law f him4 ,india's gods are ,nature-gods1 & ,nature tea*es no su* lesson3-- 8,!re is no ef=t on my br[-- ,i d n /rive1 ,i d n weep1 ,i ru% ) ! swift sph]es & gl[ ,= joy1 & :5 ,i w1 ,i sleep40 ,high] religions are a criticism ( ,nature3 !y 8occupy ! sph]e t rational int]pretation seeks to occupy & fails1 & fails ! m ! m x seeks10 & if !y *ange ) ! *ange ( moral aspirations !y are /ill ! passionate endeav\r ( ! s\l to satisfy !m4 ,! ,buddhi/s took ! /ory ( ! ,hawk & ! ,pigeon & adapt$ x to _! own tea*+4 ,indra1 *ief ( ! gods1 feels t 8 god-life is wan+--= ! gods ( ,india lab\r1 too1 "u ! s5se ( t my/]i\s fatality ( doom :i* haunt$ ,olympus & ,walhalla4 ,indra1 kn[+ 8 twilight to be ne>1 desir$ to consult a ,buddha1 b !re 0 n "o at t "t ^u ! e>?4 ,!re 01 h[ev]1 a virtu\s k+ ( ! "n ( ,sivi1 & ,indra decides to put him to ! ordeal1 :i* =ms ! subject ( ! o!r /ory1 because1 if he comes out sca?less1 he w be qualifi$ to become a full ,buddha4 ,k+ ,sivi _h a sev]e /ruggle ) himself1 b he conqu]$ 8 weakness1 & :5 he feels ! scale s9k "u him he is fill$ ) indescribable joy & heav5 & e>? %ake1 :i* always happ5s :5 a ,buddha is com+ into exi/5ce4 ,a cr[d ( gods desc5d$ & re/$ on ! air3 ! sight ( ,sivi's endurance caus$ !m to weep te>s t fell l ra9 m+l$ ) div9e fl[]s1 :i* ! gods ?rew d[n on ! volunt>y victim4 ,indra puts (f ! =m ( a dove & resumes 8 god-l %ape4 ,:at1 he asks1 does ! k+ desire8 ,w\ld he be univ]sal mon>*8 ,w\ld he be k+ ( ! ,g5ii8 ,w\ld he be ,indra8 ,!re is a f9e t\* 9 ?is (f] f ! god ( 8 god%ip to ! h]oic man1 &1 l mo/ ,buddhi/ amplifications ( old] leg5ds1 x might be ju/ifi$ f ,brahmanical s\rces1 z by incr$ible self-d5ial x 0 always held to be possible to de?rone a god & put oneself 9 8 place4 ,b ,sivi replies t ! only /ate he craves is t ( a ,buddha4 ,indra inquires if no %ade ( regret crosses ! k+'s m9d :5 he feels ! angui% rea*+ to 8 bones8 ,! k+ replies1 8,i regret no?+40 8,h[ c ,i believe x10 says ,indra1 8:5 ?y body trembles & %iv]s s t ?\ can/ h>dly speak80 ,sivi repeats t f beg9n+ to end he has felt no %ad[ ( regret2 all has happ5$ z he wi%$4 ,9 pro( t he speaks tru?1 may 8 body be z :ole z be=e6 ,he _h sc>cely spok5 :5 ! miracle 0 effect$1 & 9 ! same in/ant ,k+ ,sivi became a ,buddha4 ,!re is a ,russian folk-tale :i* seems to belong to ?is cycle4 ,a horse :i* 0 ill-treat$ & half-/>v$ saves ! *ild ( "o ( 8 ma/]s f a be>4 ,he has a fri5d1 a cat1 :o is also half-/>v$4 ,aft] he has sav$ ! *ild he is bett] f$ & he gives ! cat "p ( 8 food4 ,! ma/]s notice ?is & aga9 ill-treat him4 ,he resolves to kill himself s t ! cat may eat him1 b ! cat w n eat h] fri5d & resolves to die likewise4 ,! second great /ory ( man & bea/ conta9$ 9 ! ,mahabh>ata is t ( ,yudi%tira & 8 dog4 ,accompani$ by 8 wife & by 8 bre?r51 ! sa9tly k+ />t$ ^u a pilgrimage ( unhe>d-( difficulty :i* he alone 0 able to complete1 z1 on acc\nt ( "s slight imp]fections t r5d]$ !m insuffici5tly m]itori\s to rea* ! goal1 ! o!rs di$ ^u ! way4 ,only a dog1 :i* foll[$ ,yudi%tira f 8 h\se1 rema9s ) him /ill4 ,at ! f9al /age he is met by ,indra1 :o invites him to m\nt 8 c> & asc5d to heav5 9 ! fle%4 ,! k+ asks if 8 bre?r5 & ! 8t5d] k+'s daught]10 8 wife1 are to be left ly+ mis]ably ^u ! road8 ,indra po9ts out t ! s\ls ( ^! h already left _! mortal coil & are ev5 n[ 9 heav51 :]e ,yudi%tira w f9d !m :5 he rea*es x 9 8 corporeal =m4 ,!n ! k+ says1 8,& ! dog1 ,o "l ( :at ,is & ,is to be--! dog :i* has be5 fai?ful to ! end1 may ,i br+ him8 ,x is n my nature to be h>d40 ,indra says t s9ce ! k+ has ?is day obta9$ ! rank ( a god toge!r ) immortality & unb\nd$ happ9ess1 he _h bett] n wa/e ?\ghts on a dog4 ,yudi%tira answ]s t x w\ld be an abom9ably unwor?y act to =sake a fai?ful s]vant 9 ord] to obta9 felicity & =tune4 ,indra objects t no dogs are all[$ 9 heav52 :at is a dog8 ,a r\gh1 ill-mann]$ brute :i* (t5 runs away ) ! sacrifices (f]$ 9 ! temples4 ,let ,yudi%tira only reflect :at wret*$ creatures dogs are1 & he w give up all idea ( tak+ 8 dog to heav54 ,yudi%tira /ill ass]ts t ! ab&onm5t ( a s]vant is an enorm\s s92 x is z bad z murd]+ a ,brahman4 ,he is n go+ to =sake 8 dog :atev] ! god may say4 ,besides1 x is n viol5t at all1 b a g5tle & devot$ creature1 & n[ t x is s weak & ?9 f all x has und]gone on ! j\rney & yet s eag] to live1 he w\ld n leave x1 ev5 if x co/ him 8 life4 ,t is 8 f9al resolve4 ,argu+ 9 r a fem99e way1 ,indra returns to ! *>ge t dogs are r\gh1 rude brutes & q ignores ! good p]sonal "* giv5 to ?is dog by its ma/]4 ,he goes on to twit ,yudi%tira ) hav+ ab&on$ 8 belov$ ,draupadi & 8 bro!rs on ! road d[n !re1 :ile he makes all ?is /& ab\t a dog4 ,he w9ds up ) say+1 8,y mu/ be q mad to-day40 ,repell+ ! dis+5u\s *>ge ( ab&on+ 8 wife & bre?r51 ,yudi%tira rem>ks ) dignity t he left n !m b _! dead bodies on ! road3 he c\ld n br+ !m to life aga94 ,he might h said t ,indra himself _h po9t$ out to him ?is v fact4 ,! refusal ( asylum1 ! murd] ( a woman1 ! act ( kidnapp+ a sleep+ ,brahman1 ! act ( deceiv+ a fri5d--!re is no?+1 says ,yudi%tira1 to *oose betwe5 ^! f\r ?+s & ! ab&onm5t ( a fai?ful s]vant4 ,! trial is ov] & ! god admits 8 defeat4 8,s9ce ?\ ha/ refus$ ! div9e *>iot ) ! words1 #8,?is dog is devot$1' x is cle>1 ,o ,pr9ce ( ,m51 t !re is no "o 9 heav5 equal to !e40 ,yudi%tira1 alone among mortals1 asc5ds to bliss 9 8 own body4 ,& ! dog--:at ( ! dog8 ,"o is sorry to he> t ! dog vani%$ & 9 8 place /ood ,yama1 ,k+ ( ,dea?4 ,to u1 f> away f ! glam\r ( ,ea/]n skies1 ! god-out-(-!-ma*9e or out ( ! bea/-sk9 is n always a welcome app>ition4 ,we _c help be+ glad :51 sometimes1 ! animals j rema9 :at !y are1 z 9 ! *>m+ ,indian fable ( ! ,lion & ! ,vulture4 ,a lion :o liv$ 9 a =e/ became great fri5ds ) a monkey4 ,"o day ! monkey ask$ ! lion to look aft] its two little ones :ile x 0 away4 ,b ! lion happ5$ to g to sleep & a vulture t 0 hov]+ ov]head seiz$ bo? ! "y monkeys & took !m up into a tree4 ,:5 ! lion awoke he saw t 8 *>ges 7 gone1 & gaz+ ab\t he p]ceiv$ ! vulture hold+ !m tight on ! top bran*es ( ! ne>e/ tree4 ,9 great di/ress ( m9d ! lion said1 8,! monkey plac$ its two *ildr5 "u my c>e1 b ,i 0 n wat*ful en\gh & n[ y h c>ri$ !m (f4 ,9 ?is way ,i h miss$ keep+ my ^w4 ,i d beg y to give !m back2 ,i am ! k+ ( bea/s1 y are ! *ief ( birds3 our nobility & our p[] are equal4 ,x w\ld be only fair to let me h !m40 ,alas6 complim5ts1 ?\gh !y w g v f>1 d little to p]suade an empty /oma*4 8,y are totally unacqua9t$ ) ! circum/ances ( ! case10 repli$ ! vulture2 8,i am simply dy+ ( hung]3 :at is ! equality or diff]5ce ( rank to me80 ,!n ! lion ) 8 claws tore out "s ( 8 own fle% to satisfy ! vulture's appetite & s ransom$ ! little monkeys4 ,9 ?is fable we h ! ,hawk & ! ,pigeon motive ) ! miracul\s kept 9 b ! my?ological left out4 ,l a great "p ( ! ,buddhi/ /ories ( :i* ! ,lion & ! ,vulture is "o1 we owe its pres]vation to ! indu/ri\s ,*9ese translator4 ,9 ! same "w t conta9s x1 ! ,tat*i-l\-lun1 we are told h[1 :5 a bird laid h] eggs on ! head ( ! fir/ ,buddha :i* %e mi/ook = ! bran* ( a tree1 he plung$ himself into a trance s z n to move till ! eggs 7 hat*$ & ! "y birds _h fl[n4 ,! ,buddha's humanity is yet aga9 %[n by ! /ory ( h[ he sav$ ! =e/ animals t 7 flee+ f a conflagration4 ,! jungle caught fire & ! flames spread to ! =e/1 :i* burnt fi]cely on ?ree sides2 "o side 0 safe1 b x 0 b\nd$ by a great riv]4 ,! ,buddha saw ! animals huddl+ 9 t]ror by ! wat]'s edge4 ,full ( pity1 he took ! =m ( a gigantic /ag & plac+ 8 =e-feet on ! fur!r bank & 8 h9d-feet on ! o!r1 he made a bridge ov] :i* ! creatures c\ld pass4 ,8 sk9 & fle% 7 cruelly w\nd$ by _! feet1 b love help$ him to be> ! pa94 ,:5 all ! o!r animals _h pass$ ov]1 & :5 ! /ag's p[]s 7 all b gone1 up came a pant+ h>e4 ,! /ag made "o m supreme ef=t2 ! h>e 0 sav$1 b h>dly _h x cross$1 :5 ! /ag's backbone broke & x fell into ! wat] & di$4 ,! au?or ( ! fable may n h kn[n t h>es swim v well1 s t ! sacrifice 0 n necess>y1 unless1 inde$1 ?is h>e 0 too exhau/$ to take to ! wat]4 ,we c picture ! fir/ ,buddhi/ mission>ies tell+ su* /ories ov] ! va/ ,*9ese empire to a race :i* _h n in/9ctively t t5d] feel+ = animals :i* exi/$ f ! mo/ remote times 9 ! ,indian p59sula4 ,a good au?ority attributes ! pres5t ,*9ese s5sitiv5ess ab\t animals :olly to ^? e>ly tea*]s4 ,a ,sanscrit /ory ak9 to ! prec$+ ones tells h[ a sa9t 9 ! fir/ /age ( ,buddhahood 0 walk+ 9 ! m\nta9s ) 8 disciple :5 he saw 9 a cav]n 9 ! rock a tigress & h] newly-born little ones4 ,%e 0 ?9 & />v+ & exhau/$ by suff]+1 & %e ca/ unnatural glances on h] *ildr5 z !y press$ close to h]1 confid5t 9 h] love & he$less ( h] cruel gr[ls4 ,not)/&+ 8 usual self-control1 ! sa9t trembl$ ) emotion at ! sight4 ,turn+ to 8 disciple1 he cri$1 8,my son1 my son1 "h is a tigress1 :i*1 9 spite ( mat]nal in/9ct1 is be+ driv5 by hung] to dev\r h] little ones4 ,oh6 dreadful cruelty ( self-love1 :i* makes a "m fe$ ^u h] *ildr560 ,he bids ! "y man fly 9 se>* ( food1 b :ile he is gone he reflects t x may be too late :5 he returns1 & to save ! "m f ! dreadful crime ( kill+ h] *ildr51 & ! little ones f ! tee? ( _! fami%$ "m1 he fl+s himself d[n ! precipice4 ,he>+ ! noise1 & curi\s z to :at x might mean1 ! tigress is turn$ f ! ?\ght ( kill+ h] "y ones1 & on look+ r\nd %e sees ! body ( ! sa9t & dev\rs x4 ,! mo/ rem>kable ( all ! _m ,buddhi/ animal /ories is t ( ! ,banyan ,de]1 :i* is 9 ! ri* collection ( old-_w lore kn[n z ! ,jtaka ,book4 ,! collection is n s mu* an orig9al ,buddhi/ "w z ! ,buddhi/ r$action ( mu* old] tales4 ,x 0 made 9 ab\t ! ?ird c5tury ,b4,c4 ,! ,banyan ,de] /ory _h ! additional int]e/ t illu/rations ( x 7 discov]$ among ! bas-reliefs ( ! /upa ( ,bh>hut4 ,i cond5se ! /ory f ! v]sion ( x giv5 9 ,pr(essor ,t4 ,w4 ,rhys ,davids' 8,buddhi/ ,india40 ,9 ! k+'s p>k !re 7 two h]ds ( de]1 & e day ei!r ! k+ or 8 cook hunt$ !m = v5ison4 ,s e day a great _m 7 h>ass$ & w\nd$ = "o t 0 kill$4 ,!n ! gold5-hu$ ,banyan ,de]1 :o 0 ! mon>* ( "o h]d1 w5t to ! ,bran* ,de]1 :o 0 k+ ( ! o!r h]d1 & propos$ an arrangem5t by :i* lots 7 to be ca/ daily1 & "o de] on :om ! lot fell %\ld g & (f] himself to ! cook1 volunt>ily lay+ 8 head on ! block4 ,9 ?is way !re w\ld be no unnecess>y suff]+ & slaught]4 ,illu/ration3 ,photo3 ,griggs4 ,,! ,,banyan ,,de]4 7,f 8,/pa ( ,bh>hut10 by ,g5]al ,cunn+ham47 ,! some:at lugubri\s proposition met ) ass5t1 & all seems to h gone well till "o day ! lot fell to a doe ( ! ,bran* k+'s h]d1 :o 0 expect+ soon to become a "m4 ,%e begg$ h] k+ to relieve h] ( ! duty1 z x w\ld mean t two at once %\ld suff]1 :i* c\ld nev] h be5 int5d$4 ,b ) h>% words ! ,bran* k+ bade h] be (f to ! block4 ,!n ! little doe w5t pite\sly to ! ,banyan k+ z a la/ hope4 ,no soon] _h he he>d h] tale ?an he said he w\ld look to ! matt]1 & :at he did 0 to g /raight to ! block himself & lay 8 royal head ^u x4 ,b z ! k+ ( ! c\ntry _h ord]$ t ! mon>*s ( bo? h]ds %\ld be sp>$1 ! cook 0 a/oni%$ to see ,k+ ,banyan ) 8 head on ! block1 & w5t (f 9 a hurry to tell 8 "l4 ,m\nt$ 9 a *>iot ) all 8 m5 ar\nd him1 ! sov]eign rode /raight to ! place4 ,!n he ask$ 8 fri5d1 ! k+ ( ! de]1 :y _h he come !re8 ,_h he n grant$ him 8 life8 ,! ,banyan ,de] told him all4 ,! he>t ( ! k+ ( m5 0 t\*$1 & he comm&$ ! de] to rise up & g on 8 way1 = he gave him 8 life & h]s also to ! doe4 ,b ! ,banyan ,de] ask$ h[ x w\ld be ) all ! o!rs3 7 two to be sav$ & ! re/ left to _! p]il8 ,! k+ ( m5 said t !y too %\ld be respect$4 ,ev5 !n ! ,banyan ,de] _h m to ask3 he plead$ = ! safety ( all liv+1 feel+ ?+s1 & ! k+ ( m5 grant$ 8 pray]4 7,:at w n a man grant :5 8 he>t is t\*$ by "s act ( pure abnegation87 ,!re is a curi\s epilogue to ! /ory4 ,! doe gave bir? to a mo/ beautiful fawn1 :i* w5t play+ ) ! h]d ( ! ,bran* ,de]4 ,to x ! "m said3-- 8,foll[ r ! ,banyan ,de]1 ,cultivate n ! ,bran*6 ,dea? ) ! ,banyan 7 bett] f> ,?an ) ! ,bran* long life40 ,! v]se is haunt+ 9 its vagu5ess1 z a music :i* rea*es u f f> away4 8,foll[ r ! ,banyan ,de]60 444 foll[ ! ideal1 foll[ ! m]ciful1 he :o loses 8 life %all f9d x4 ,! ,indian h]mit ( :atsoev] sect has always be51 & is /ill1 good fri5ds ) animals1 & :5 he c1 he gives asylum to z _m z he is able1 ar\nd 8 h]mitage4 ,?is fact1 :i* is famili> to all1 becomes ! gr\ndwork ( _m /ories4 ,"o ( ! be/ is ! elaborate ,*9ese ,buddhi/ tale ( ,sama1 an inc>nation ( ,buddha1 :o *ose to be born z a son to two old1 bl9d1 *ildless folks1 9 ord] to take c>e ( _! =lornness4 ,:5 ! *ild 0 t5 ye>s old he begg$ 8 p>5ts respectfully to g ) him into ! solit>y m\nta9s :]e !y might practise ! life ( religi\s p]sons :o h =sak5 ! _w4 ,8 p>5ts agre$2 !y _h be5 ?9k+ ab\t becom+ h]mits be=e 8 bir?1 b t happy ev5t made !m put ! ?\ght away4 ,n[ !y 7 q will+ to g ) him4 ,s !y gave _! worldly goods to ! poor & foll[$ :]e he l$4 ,illu/ration3 ,photo3 ,mansell4 ,,egyptian ,,f[l+ ,,sc5e4 ,briti% ,museum4 7,mural pa9t+47 ,!re is a beautiful description ( ! life 9 ! m\nta9s4 ,sama made a %elt] ( leaves & bran*es1 & br\ght 8 old p>5ts sweet fruits & cool wat]--all t !y ne$$4 ,! birds & bea/s ( ! =e/1 %[+ no fe>1 delight$ ! bl9d c\ple ) _! song & fri5d%ip1 & all ! creatures came at ,sama's call & foll[$ him ab\t4 ,h]ds ( de] & fea!r$ f[l drank by ! riv]'s bank :ile he drew wat]4 ,unhappily "o day ! k+ ( ,kasi 0 out hunt+ 9 ^? wilds & he saw ! birds & ! de]1 b ,sama he did n see & an arr[ he aim$ at ! h]d pi]c$ ! boy's body4 ,! w\nd$ boy said to ! k+1 8,!y kill an elephant = its ivory tee?1 a rh9oc]os = its horn1 a k+fi%] = its fea!rs1 a de] = its sk91 b :y %\ld ,i be kill$80 ,! k+ dism\nt$1 & ask$ him :o he 0--consort+ ) ! wild h]ds ( ! =e/4 ,sama told him t he 0 only a h]mit boy1 liv+ an innoc5t life ) 8 bl9d p>5ts4 ,no tig] or wolf _h h>m$ !m1 & n[ ! arr[ ( 8 k+ laid him l[4 ,! =e/ wail$2 ! wild bea/s & birds1 ! lions1 tig]s1 & wolves utt]$ dismal cries4 8,h>k1 h[ ! bea/s ( ! =e/ cry60 ,said ! old c\ple to "o ano!r1 8,nev] be=e h we he>d x s4 ,h[ long our son has be5 gone60 ,mean:ile1 ! k+1 ov]come by sorr[ & remorse1 tri$ 9 va9 to draw ! arr[ f ! boy's brea/4 ,! birds flew r\nd & r\nd scream+ wildly2 ! k+ trembl$ ) fe>4 ,sama said1 8,y\r ,maje/y is n to blame2 ,i mu/ h done ill 9 a =m] life1 & n[ suff] ju/ly = x3 ,i d n grieve = myself b = my bl9d p>5ts 444 :at w !y d8 ,may heav5ly gu>dians protect !m60 ,!n ! k+ said1 8,may ,i und]go ! torm5ts ( hell = a hundr$ ons1 b ,o6 may ?is y\? live60 ,x 0 n to be2 ,sama expir$1 :ile all ! wood birds flock+ toge!r tri$ t5d]ly to /aun* ! blood fl[+ f 8 brea/4 ,i _c tell ! :ole /ory1 :i* has a /rong sugge/ion ( "s poetic fancy ( ,maet]l9ck4 ,9 ! end ,sama is br\ght back to life1 & ! eyes ( 8 p>5ts are op5$4 ,! k+ is admoni%$ to return to 8 dom9ions & no long] take life 9 ! *ase4 ,9 a ,ja9a h]mit /ory a k+ goes hunt+ ) a great att5dance ( horses1 elephants1 *>iots1 & m5 on foot4 ,he pursues ! de] on horseback1 &1 ke5 on 8 sport1 he does n notice1 z he aims ! arr[1 t ! fright5$ creature is flee+ to a holy ascetic :o is wise 9 ! /udy ( sacr$ ?+s4 ,( a sudd51 he beholds ! dead de] & ! holy man /&+ by x4 ,a dreadful fe> seizes ! k+3 he might h kill$ ! monk6 ,he gets (f 8 horse1 b[s l[1 & prays to be =giv54 ,! v5]able sa9t 0 plung$ 9 ?\ght & made no answ]2 ! k+ grew m & m al>m$ at 8 sil5ce4 8,answ] me1 ,i pray1 ,rev]5d ,sir10 he said4 8,be )\t fe>1 ,o k+10 repli$ ! monk1 8b grant safety to o!rs also4 ,9 ?is transi5t _w ( liv+ ?+s1 :y are y prone to cruelty80 ,:y %\ld ! k+ cl+ to k+ly p[]1 s9ce "o day he mu/ "p ) ev]y?+8 ,life & beauty pass1 wife & *ildr51 fri5ds & k9dr$--!y w foll[ no man 9 dea?3 :at d foll[ him are 8 de$s1 good or evil4 ,:5 he he>d t1 ! k+ r5\nc$ 8 k+dom & became an ascetic4 8,a c]ta9 nobleman :o _h turn$ monk said to him1 #8,z y look s happy1 y mu/ h peace ( m9d4'0 ,x may be a wrong conception ( life t makes m5 seek re/ on ?is side ( ! grave1 b "o c well believe t ! f9d+ ( x br+s a happ9ess beyond our common k54 ,= "o ?+1 he :o lives ) ,nature surely nev] kn[s ennui4 ,! mo/ m>vell\s ( dramatic poems unfolds its pages be=e 8 eyes4 ,nor does he "k lonel9ess2 ev5 "o little creature 9 a prison]'s cell gives a s5se ( companion%ip1 & ! recluse 9 ! wild has ! society ( all ! furr$ & fea!r$ ho/s4 ,! greate/ poet ( ! lat] lit]ature ( ,india1 ,klidsa1 draws an exquisite picture ( ! surr\nd+s ( an ,indian h]itage3-- 8,see "u yon trees ! hall[$ gra9s :i* h be5 scatt]$ on ! gr\nd1 :ile ! t5d] female p>rots 7 fe$+ _! unfl$g$ "y ones 9 _! p5dant ne/s4444 ,look at ! "y fawns1 :i*1 hav+ acquir$ confid5ce 9 man1 & accu/om$ !mselves to ! s\nd ( 8 voice1 frisk at pleasure1 )\t v>y+ _! c\rse4 ,see1 too1 :]e ! "y roes graze1 )\t appreh5sion f our approa*1 on ! lawn be=e yond] g>d51 :]e ! tops ( ! sacrificial grass1 cut = "s religi\s rite1 are spr9kl$ r\nd40#i ,footnote #i3 ,sir ,william ,jones's translation4 ,9 ! play ( ,sacontala--:i* fill$ ,goe! ) a delight cry/allis$ 9 8 immortal quatra9--no sc5e is s impress$ by g5u9e feel+ & none s arti/ic 9 its admirable simplicity z t 9 :i* ! h]o9e takes leave ( h] *ildhood's pet4 ,! h]mit1 :o has be5 ! fo/]-fa!r ( ,sacontala1 is dismiss+ h] ^u h] j\rney to ! exalt$ bridegroom :o awaits h]4 ,at ! la/ mom5t %e says to him3 8,my fa!r1 see y !re my pet de]1 graz+ close to ! h]mitage8 ,%e expects soon to fawn1 & ev5 n[ ! weight ( ! little ones %e c>ries h9d]s h] movem5ts4 ,d n =get to s5d me ^w :5 %e becomes a "m40 ,! h]mit1 ,canna1 promises t x %all be done2 !n z ,sacontala moves away1 %e feels h]self drawn back1 & turn+ r\nd1 %e says1 8,:at c ?is be fa/5$ to my dress80 ,canna answ]s3-- 8,my daught]1 ,x is ! little fawn1 ?y fo/] *ild4 ,poor helpless orphan6 ,x rememb]s well ,h[ ) a "m's t5d]ness & love ,?\ did/ protect x1 & ) gra9s ( rice ,f ?9e own h& did/ daily n\ri% x1 ,& ev] & anon :5 "s %>p ?orn ,_h pi]c$ its m\?1 h[ g5tly ?\ did/ t5d ,! ble$+ w\nd & p\r 9 heal+ balm4 ,! grateful nursl+ cl+s to its protectress1 ,mutely implor+ leave to foll[ h]40 ,sacontala replies1 weep+1 8,my poor little fawn1 do/ ?\ ask to foll[ an unhappy wret* :o hesitates n to des]t h] companions8 ,:5 ?y "m di$1 soon aft] ?y bir?1 ,i suppli$ h] place & re>$ !e ) my own h&s1 & n[ t ?y second "m is ab\t to leave !e1 :o w c>e = !e8 ,my fa!r1 be ?\ a "m to h]4 ,my *ild1 g back & be a daught] to my fa!r60 99 99 99 99 99 ,x is ! fatality ( ! dramati/ t he _c /amp ) tru? s5tim5ts :i* are n sure ( a response f 8 audi5ce3 he mu/ /rike ! keybo>d ( 8 race4 ,we c imag9e h[ ?or\ghly an ,indian audi5ce w\ld ent] into ! s5tim5t ( ?is *>m+ sc5e4 ,to ! little ,indian girl1 :o 0 /ill only a *ild ( ?irte5 or f\rte51 ! fav\rite animal did n appe> z a toy1 or ev5 z a simple playmate4 ,x 0 ! object ( grave & ?\ghtful c>e1 & x receiv$ ! fir/ outp\r+ ( :at w\ld "o day be mat]nal love4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,xvi ,,! ,,gr[? ,,( ,,mod]n ,,ideas ,,on ,,animals ,,! la/ age ( antiquity 0 an age ( yea/4 ,ideas 7 9 f]m5tation2 religi\s que/ions came to be reg>d$ z 8int]e/+0--j z !y are n[4 ,! _s ( inquiry took ! place ( placid acceptance on ! "o h&1 & placid indiff]5ce on ! o!r4 ,x 0 natural t !re %\ld be a reb\nd f ! ef=t ( ,augu/us to re-ord] religion on an ,imp]ial1 conv5tional1 & unemotional basis4 ,!n1 too1 ,rome1 :i* _h nev] be5 really ,italian except 9 ! sublime previsions ( ,virgil1 grew e day m cosmopolitan3 ! d5iz5s ( ! discov]$ _w f\nd _! way ?i!r on bus9ess1 = pleasure1 z slaves--! influ5ce ( ^! la/ n be+ ! lea/ important factor1 ?\gh its ext5t & "* are n easy to def9e4 ,ev]y?+ t5d$ to fom5t a religi\s unre/ :i* took ! =m ( "o ( ^? 8returns to ! ,ea/0 t are ev] de/9$ to recur3 ! spiritual s5se ( ! ,we/]n _w became ,ori5talis$4 ,! wor%ip ( ,isis & ,s]apis & mu* m ( ,mi?ra prov$ to be m excit+ ?an ! wor%ip ( ! ,greek & ,roman gods :i* repres5t$ ,nature & law1 :ile ! new cults propos$ to raise ! veil on :at transc5ds natural p]ception4 ,no d\bt ! atmosph]e ( ! ,ea/ itself fav\r$ _! rapid developm5t2 ! travell] 9 ,nor? ,africa mu/ be /ruck by ! extraord9>y frequ5cy ) :i* ! symbols ( ,mi?raism recur 9 ! sculpture & mosaics ( t once great ,roman dep5d5cy4 ,evid5tly ! bir?l& ( ,/4 ,augu/9e br$ 9 ! matt]-(-fact ,roman coloni/ ! same no/algia = ! ,unkn[able :i* ev5 n[ a lonely night "u ! />s ( ! ,sah>a awakes 9 ! dulle/ ,european s\l4 ,p]sonal immortality z a p>am\nt doctr9e2 a fur!r life m real ?an ?is "o2 ritual purification1 r$emption by sacrifice1 my/ical union ) deity2 ^! 7 among ! un-,roman & ev5 anti-,roman conceptions :i* lay beh9d ! new1 /range propag&a1 & prep>$ ! way = ! diffusion ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,) ! ,italian peasants :o clung to ! unmix$ old] fai? no progress 0 made till p]secution c\ld be call$ 9 z an auxili>y4 ,illu/ration3 ,photo3 ,mansell4 ,,assyrian ,,lion ,,& ,,lioness ,,9 ,,p>adise ,,p>k4 ,briti% ,museum4 ,9 su* a "t x 0 a psy*ological c]ta9ty t among ! o!r ,ea/]n ideas :i* 7 com+ to ! =e1 w\ld be ^? ideas ab\t animals :i* are r\ghly class$ "u ! head ( ,py?agoreanism4 ,! apo/les ( ,*ri/ 9 _! j\rneys ,ea/ or ,we/ might h met a s+ul> individual :o 0 c>ry+ on an apo/olate ( 8 own1 ! "o cle> & unyield+ po9t ( :i* 0 ! abolition ( animal sacrifices4 ,?is 0 ,apollonius1 ( ,tyana1 our k ( :om is d]iv$ f ! biography1 9 "p p]haps fanciful1 writt5 by ,philo/ratus 9 ! ?ird c5tury to please ! ,empress ,julia ,domna1 :o 0 int]e/$ 9 occult matt]s4 ,apollonius work$ wond]s z well atte/$ z ^?1 = in/ance1 ( ! ,russian ,fa!r ,john1 b he seems to h consid]$ 8 p[] ! naturally produc$ result ( an au/]e life & ab/95ce f fle% & w9e :i* is a ?or\ghly ,buddhi/ or ,ja9a !ory4 ,he 0 a !osophi/ :o refra9$ f attack+ ! outw>d =ms & obs]vances ( e/abli%$ religion :5 !y did n seem to him ei!r to be cruel or else incongru\s to ! degree ( prev5t+ a rev]5tial _s4 ,he did n entirely und]/& t ?is degree is movable1 any m ?an d ^? p]sons :o want to sub/itute ,gregorian *ants = op]a airs 9 rural ,italian *ur*es4 ,he did n m9d ! ,greek /atues :i* appeal$ to ! imag9ation by sugge/ions ( beauty1 b he blam$ ! ,egyptians = repres5t+ deity z a dog or an ibis2 if !y dislik$ images ( /one :y n h a temple :]e !re 7 no images ( any k9d--:]e all 0 left to ! inn] vision ( ! wor%ipp]8 ,9 :i* "q1 almo/ accid5tally1 ,apollonius ?r[s out a h9t ( ! highe/ =m ( spiritual wor%ip4 ,illu/ration3 ,photo3 ,al9>i4 ,,lambs4 7,relief on fif? c5tury tomb at ,rav5na47 ,! ke5ly intellectual ?9k]s :om we call ! ,fa!rs ( ! ,*ur* saw t ! majority ( ! ideas !n agitat+ m5's m9ds might f9d a quietus 9 ,*ri/ian dogma :i* suit$ !m a great deal bett] ?an ! vague & (t5 grotesque %ape !y _h worn hi!rto4 ,b !re 0 a residuum ( :i* !y felt an in/9ctive fe>1 & peculi> notions ab\t animals _h ! ill-luck ( be+ plac$ at ! head ( ^!4 ,x c\ld n h be5 a =tunate co9cid5ce t two ( ! mo/ prom95t m5 :o held !m 9 ! e>ly c5turies 7 decl>$ foes ( ! new fai?--,celsus & ,porphyry4 ,:5 ! ,*ur* triumph$1 ! treatise writt5 by ,celsus w\ld h be5 no d\bt entirely de/roy$ l o!r works ( ! same sort1 _h n ,orig5 made a great numb] ( quotations f x = ! purpose ( confutation4 ,celsus 0 no born disputant aft] ! fa%ion ( ! ,octavius ( ,m9ucius1 b a man ( almo/ encyclopdic le>n+2 if he 0 a less fair critic ?an he held himself to be1 x 0 less f want ( in=mation ?an f want ( t sympa?y :i* is ne$ful = true compreh5sion4 ,! inn] feel+ ( su* a man t[>ds ! ,*ri/ian ,sect>ies 0 n ne> s mu* t ( a ,torquemada 9 reg>d to h]etics z t ( an old-fa%ion$ ,tory uphold] ( ?rone & alt> t[>ds diss5t fifty ye>s ago4 ,x 0 a feel+ ( social alo(ness4 ,yet ,celsus wi%$ to be fair1 & he _h /udi$ religions to en\gh purpose n to condemn z delusion or untru? ev]y?+ t a sup]ficial adv]s>y w\ld h reject$ at once2 = in/ance1 he 0 ready to all[ t ! appe>ances ( ,*ri/ to ,8 disciples aft] ! ,crucifixion might be expla9$ z psy*ical ph5om5a4 ,possibly he believ$ t tru?1 n falsehood1 0 ! ultimate basis ( all religions z 0 ! belief ( ,apollonius be=e him4 ,9 "s respects ,celsus 0 m unprejudic$ ?an ,apollonius2 ?is c be obs]v$ 9 8 rem>ks on ,egyptian zoomorphism2 x causes surprise1 he says1 :5 y g inside "o ( ! spl5did ,egyptian temples to f9d = div9ity a cat1 a monkey or a crocodile1 b to ! initiat$ !y are symbols :i* "u an allegorical veil turn p to hon\r imp]i%able ideas1 n p]i%able animals z ! vulg> suppose4 ,x may h be5 8 recondite rese>*es :i* l$ ,celsus to take up ! "q ( ! intellig5ce ( animals & ! conclusions to be drawn f x4 ,he only t\*es lightly on ! subject ( _! orig92 he seems to lean t[>ds ! !ory t ! s\l1 life1 m9d1 only1 is made by ,god1 ! corruptible & pass+ body be+ a natural gr[? or p]haps ! h&iwork ( inf]ior spirits4 ,he d5i$ t reason belong$ to man alone1 & /ill m /rongly t ,god creat$ ! univ]se = man r ?an = ! o!r animals4 ,only absurd pride1 he says1 c eng5d] su* a ?\ght4 ,he knew v well t ?is1 f> f be+ a new idea1 0 ! normal view ( ! anci5t _w f ,ari/otle to ,cic]o2 ! di/+ui%$ m5 :o disagre$ ) x _h nev] won m ?an a small m9ority ov] to _! op9ion4 ,celsus takes ,euripides to task = say+-- 8,! sun & moon are made to s]ve mank9d40 ,:y mank9d8 he asks2 :y n ants & flies8 ,night s]ves !m also = re/ & day = see+ & work+4 ,if x be said t we are ! k+ ( animals because we hunt & cat* !m or because we eat !m1 :y n say t we are made = !m because !y hunt & cat* u8 ,inde$1 !y are bett] provid$ ?an we1 = :ile we ne$ arms & nets to take !m & ! help ( sev]al m5 & dogs1 ,nature furni%es !m ) ! arms !y require1 & we are1 z x 71 made dep5d5t on !m4 ,y want to make out t ,god gave y ! p[] to take & kill wild animals1 b at ! "t :5 !re 7 no t[ns or civilisation or society or arms or nets1 animals probably caught & dev\r$ m5 :ile m5 nev] caught animals4 ,9 ?is way1 x looks m z if ,god subject$ man to animals ?an vice v]s4 ,if m5 seem diff]5t f animals because !y build cities1 make laws1 obey magi/rates & rul]s1 y ought to note t ?is am\nts to no?+ at all1 s9ce ants & bees d j ! same4 ,bees h _! 8k+s02 "s comm&1 o!rs obey2 !y make w>1 w9 battles1 take prison] ! vanqui%$2 !y h _! t[ns & qu>t]s2 _! "w is regulat$ by fix$ p]iods1 !y puni% ! lazy & c[>dly--at lea/ !y expel ! drones4 ,z to ants1 !y practise ! sci5ce ( social economy j z well z we d2 !y h gran>ies :i* !y fill ) provisions = ! w9t]2 !y help _! comrades if !y see !m b5d+ "u ! weight ( a burd52 !y c>ry _! dead to places :i* become family tombs2 !y address ea* o!r :5 !y meet3 :5ce x foll[s t !y nev] lose _! way4 ,we mu/ conclude1 !re=e1 t !y h complete reason+ p[]s & common notions ( c]ta9 g5]al tru?s1 & t !y h a language & "k h[ to express =tuit\s ev5ts4 ,if "s "o1 !n1 look$ d[n f ! height ( heav5 on to ! e>?1 :at diff]5ce w\ld he see betwe5 our actions & ^? ( ants & bees8 ,if man is pr\d ( kn[+ magical secrets1 s]p5ts & eagles "k a great deal m1 = !y use _m pres]vatives aga9/ poisons & diseases1 & are acqua9t$ ) ! virtues ( c]ta9 /ones ) :i* !y cure ! ailm5ts ( _! "y ones1 :ile if m5 f9d out su* a cure !y ?9k !y h hit on ! greate/ wond] 9 ! _w4 ,f9ally1 if man imag9es t he is sup]ior to animals because he possesses notion ( ,god1 let him "k t x is ! same ) _m ( !m2 :at is !re m div9e1 9 fact1 ?an to =esee & to =etell ! future8 ,n[ = t purpose m5 h rec\rse to animals1 especially to birds1 & all our soo?say]s d is to und]/& ! indications giv5 by ^!4 ,if1 !re=e1 birds & o!r prophetic animals %[ u by signs ! future z x is reveal$ to !m by ,god1 x proves t !y h clos] relations ) ! deity ?an we2 t !y are wis] & m lov$ by ,god4 ,v enlight5$ m5 h ?\ght t !y und]/ood ! language ( c]ta9 animals1 & 9 pro( ( ?is !y h be5 kn[n to pr$ict t birds w\ld d some?+ or g some:]e1 & ?is 0 obs]v$ to come true4 ,no "o keeps an oa? m religi\sly or is m fai?ful to ,god ?an ! elephant1 :i* %[s t he kn[s ,him4 ,h5ce1 concludes ,celsus1 ! univ]se has n be5 made = man any m ?an = ! eagle or ! dolph94 ,ev]y?+ 0 creat$ n 9 ! int]e/ ( some?+ else1 b to contribute to ! h>mony ( ! :ole 9 ord] t ! _w might be absolutely p]fect4 ,god takes c>e ( ! univ]se2 x is t :i* ,8 provid5ce nev] =sakes1 t :i* nev] falls into disord]4 ,god no m gets angry ) m5 ?an ) rats or monkeys3 ev]y?+ keeps its appo9t$ place4 ,9 ?is passage ,celsus rises to a high] level ?an 9 any o!r ( ! exc]pts pres]v$ = u by ,orig54 ,! tone ( irony :i* usually *>act]ises him disappe>s 9 ?is dignifi$ affirmation ( supreme wisdom ju/ifi$ ( itself n by ! little /&>ds ( m5--or ants4 ,x mu/ be recognis$ z a l(ty conception1 comm&+ ! respect ( ^? :o diff] f x1 & reconcil+ all app>5t difficulties & contradictions =c$ ^u u by ! contemplation ( m5 & ,nature4 ,b x br+s no wat] f ! cool spr+ to s\ls dy+ ( ?ir/2 x exp\nds 9 ! cle>e/ way & ev5 9 ! noble/ way ! v ?\ght :i* drove m5 into ! ,*ri/ian fold f> m surely ?an ! le>n$ apologies ( controv]siali/s l ,orig52 ! ?\ght ( ! cru%+ unimportance ( ! individual4 ,! lea/ att5tive read] mu/ be /ruck by ! real k ( natural hi/ory %[n by ,celsus3 8 ants are ne>ly z consci5ti\sly obs]v$ z ,"l ,avebury's4 ,yet a c]ta9 suspicion ( consci\s exagg]ation detracts f ! s]i\sness ( 8 argum5ts2 he /rikes "o z m s9c]e 9 disbeliev+ ?an 9 believ+4 ,a mod]n writ] has rem>k$ t ,celsus 9 ! second half ( ! second c5tury =e/all$ ,d>w9 9 ! second half ( ! n9ete5? by d5y+ human asc5dancy & cont5d+ t man may be a little l[] ?an ! brute4 ,b x sc>cely seems c]ta9 :e!r he 0 conv9c$ by 8 own reason+ or 0 n r reply+ by p>adoxes to :at he consid]$ ! /ill great] p>adoxes ( ,*ri/ian !ology4 ,! %ad[ ( no su* d\bt falls on ! pages ( ! neoplatoni/s ,plot9us & ,porphyry4 ,to !m ! de/9y ( animals 0 n an academic problem b an obsession4 ,! que/ions :i* ,he9e's "y man ask$ ( ! waves3 8,:at signifies man8 ,:5ce does he come8 ,:i!r does he g80 7 ask$ by !m ) passionate e>ne/ness 9 _! application to all s5ti5t ?+s4 ,plot9us reason$1 ) great =ce1 t intellig5t bea/-s\ls mu/ be l ! s\l ( man s9ce 9 itself ! ess5ce ( ! s\l c\ld n be diff]5t4 ,porphyry 7born at ,tyre1 ,a4,d4 #bcc71 accept+ ?is po/ulate t animals possess an intellig5t s\l l ours1 w5t on to decl>e t x 0 !re=e unlawful to kill or fe$ on !m "u any circum/ances4 ,if ju/ice is due to rational be+s1 h[ is x possible to evade ! conclusion t we are also b\nd to act ju/ly t[>ds ! races bel[ u8 ,he :o loves all animat$ nature w n s+le out "o tribe ( innoc5t be+s = hatr$2 if he loves ! :ole he w love e "p1 &1 above all1 t "p :i* is mo/ closely alli$ to ourselves4 ,porphyry 0 q ready to admit t animals 9 _! own way made use ( words1 & he m5tions ,melampus & ,apollonius z among ! philosoph]s :o und]/ood _! language4 ,he quot$ ) approval ! laws suppos$ to h be5 fram$ by ,triptolemus 9 ! reign ( ,p&ion1 fif? k+ ( ,a!ns3 8,hon\r y\r p>5ts2 make oblations ( y\r fruits to ! gods2 hurt n any liv+ creature40 ,neoplatonism p5etrat$ into ! e>ly ,*ur*1 b dive/$ ( its views on animal de/9y2 ev5 ! ,ca?olic neoplatoni/ ,bo?ius1 ?\gh he 0 s5sitively fond ( animals 7witness 8 l9es ab\t cag$ birds71 yet took ! extreme view ( ! h>d-&-fa/ l9e ( sep>ation1 z may be se5 by 8 poem on ! 8d[nw>d head10 :i* he int]pret$ to indicate ! e>?-b\nd nature ( all fle% save man4 ,birds1 by ! by1 & ev5 fi%es1 n to speak ( camel-leop>ds1 c h>dly be said to h a 8d[nw>d head40 ,mean:ile1 ! o!r mann] ( feel+1 if n ( ?9k+1 reass]t$ its p[] z x always w1 = x belongs to ! primal ?+s4 ,exclud$ f ! broad road1 x came 9 by ! n>r[ way--! way t leads to heav54 ,9 ! wake ( ! ,*ri/ian ,guru came a :ole troop ( *>m+ bea/s1 little less sa9tly & miracul\s ?an _! holy protectors1 & ?us prea*]s ( ! religion ( love 7 sp>$ ! reproa* ( %[+ an all-unlov+ face t[>ds creatures t c\ld return love = love z well z mo/ & bett] ?an _m ( ! human k9d4 ,! sa9t sav$ ! situation1 & ! ,*ur* wisely left him alone to disc\rse to 8 bro!r fi%es or 8 si/] turtle-doves1 )\t inquir+ ab\t ! /rict or?odoxy ( ! proce$+4 ,unhappily ! m direct inh]itors ( neoplatoni/ dreams 7 n left alone4 ,a tr5d ( t5d5cy t[>ds ,py?agoreanism runs ?r\gh _! diff]5t developm5ts f ,philo to ! ,gno/ics1 f ! ,gno/ics1 ?r\gh ! ,paulicians to ! ,albig5ses4 ,x passes out ( our sight :5 ^! 7 suppress$ 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury by ! mo/ sangu9>y p]secution t ! _w has se51 b be=e long x 0 to reappe> 9 "o %ape or ano!r1 & we may be sure t ! ?read 0 nev] :olly lo/4 ,illu/ration3 8,,il ,,buon ,,pa/ore40 7,mosaic at ,rav5na47 ,an ef=t has be5 made to prove t ! (ficial z well z ! un(ficial ,*ur* always fav\r$ humanity to animals4 ,! result ( ?is ef=t has be5 :olly good2 n only has x produc$ a delightful volume1#aj b1 indirectly1 x 0 ! cause ( ,pope ,pius ,x4 pron\nc+ a bless+ on e "o :o is work+ = ! prev5tion ( cruelty to animals ?r\gh\t ! _w4 ,roma locuta e/4 ,to me ?is appe>s to be a l&m>k 9 e?ics ( fir/-class importance4 ,nev]!less1 hi/orically speak+1 x is difficult to resi/ ! conclusion t ! diametrically opposite view express$ by ,fa!r ,rickaby 9 a manual int5d$ = use 9 ! ,jesuit ,college at ,/onyhur/1#aa m correctly gives ! measure ( :at _h be5 ! practical tea*+ ( ! ,*ur* 9 all ^! ages4 ,ev5 n[1 au?oritative ,ca?olics1 :5 enjo9+ humanity to animals1 are c>eful to add t man has 8no duties0 t[>ds !m1 ?\gh !y may modify ?is by say+ ) ,c>d9al ,mann+ 7! mo/ k9d-he>t$ ( m57 t he owes 8a sev5fold obligation0 to _! ,creator to treat !m well4 ,0 x surpris+ t ! ,neapolitan peasant :o he>d f 8 prie/ t he _h no duties to 8 ass w5t home1 n to excogitate ! sev5fold obligation b to belab\r ! poor bea/ s\ndly8 ,?\gh ! di/9ction is capable ( philosophical def5ce1 grant$ ! premises1 to pla9 p x looks l a juggl+ ) words4 ,:5 ,/4 ,philip ,n]i said to a monk :o put 8 foot on a liz>d1 8,:at has ! poor creature done to y80 he impli$ a duty to ! animal1 ! duty ( reciprocity4 ,he spoke ) ! voice ( ,nature & =got1 = ! mom5t1 t animals 7 n 8moral p]sons0 nor 8end[$ ) reason10 & t h5ce !y c\ld h 8no rights40 ,footnote #aj3 8,l'glise et la ,piti env]s les animaux10 ,p>is1 #aijc4 ,an ,engli% edition has be5 publi%$ by ,messrs4 ,burns & ,oates4 ,footnote #aa3 8,moral ,philosophy10 p4 #bej4 ,at an e>ly date1 9 ! he>t ( (ficial ,ca?olicism1 an inconsi/5cy appe>$ :i* is less easily expla9$ ?an homilies compos$ = fi%es or hymns = birds2 namely1 ! /range bus9ess ( animal prosecutions4 ,)\t inquir+ exactly :at an animal is1 x is easy to be/[ ^u x ei!r bless+s or curses4 ,! beautiful rite ( ! bless+ ( ! bea/s :i* is /ill p]=m$ once a ye> 9 _m places involves no doctr9al crux4 ,9 ,corsica ! prie/ goes up to ! high m\nta9 plateaux :]e ! animals pa/ure 9 ! summ]1 & aft] say+ ,mass 9 pres5ce ( all ! f\r-foot$ family1 he solemnly blesses !m & exhorts !m to prosp] & multiply4 ,x is a delightful sc5e1 b x does n affect ! conception ( ! moral /atus ( animals1 nor w\ld t conception be affect$ by a "r-d[n mal$iction or ord] to quit4 ,:at1 h[ev]1 c be ?\ght ( a regul> trial ( inconv5i5t or (f5d+ animals 9 :i* great c>e is tak51 to keep up ! appe>ance ( fair-play to ! def5dants8 ,our fir/ impression is1 t x mu/ be an elaborate com$y2 b a /udy ( ! facts makes x impossible to accept ?is !ory4 ,! e>lie/ allusions to su* trials t seem to exi/ belong to ! n9? c5tury1 :i* does n prove t !y 7 ! fir/ ( ! k9d4 ,"o trial took place 9 #hbd ,a4,d4 ,! ,c\ncil ( ,worms decid$ 9 #hff t if a man has be5 kill$ by bees !y ought to suff] dea?1 8b10 add$ ! judgm5t1 8x w be p]missible to eat _! honey40 ,a relic ( ! same ord] ( ideas l+]s 9 ! habit "s p h ( %oot+ a horse :i* has caus$ a fatal accid5t1 (t5 ! direct consequ5ce ( bad rid+ or bad driv+4 ,! e>li] bea/ trials ( :i* we h k 7 conduct$ by laym51 ! latt] by ecclesia/ics1 :i* sugge/s _! orig9 9 a folk-practice4 ,a good1 *>act]i/ic in/ance began on ,septemb] #e1 #acgj4 ,! "y son ( a ,burgundian sw9eh]d _h be5 kill$ by ?ree s[s :i* seem$ to h fe>$ an attack on "o ( _! "y ones4 ,all memb]s ( ! h]d 7 arre/$ z accomplices1 :i* 0 a s]i\s matt] to _! own]s1 ! inmates ( a neighb\r+ conv5t1 z ! animals1 if convict$1 w\ld be burnt & _! a%es buri$4 ,! prior po9t$ out t ?ree s[s alone 7 guilty2 surely ! re/ ( ! pigs ought to be acquitt$4 ,ju/ice did n move quickly 9 ^? times2 x 0 on ,septemb] #ab1 #acgi1 t ! ,duke ( ,burgundy deliv]$ judgm5t2 only ! ?ree guilty s[s & "o "y pig 7:at _h x done87 7 to be execut$2 ! o!rs 7 set at lib]ty 8not)/&+ t !y _h se5 ! dea? ( ! boy )\t def5d+ him40 ,7 ! orig9al ones all alive aft] n9e ye>s8 ,if s1 w\ld s long a respite h be5 grant$ !m _h no legal proce$+s be5 in/itut$8 ,an important trial took place 9 ,savoy 9 ! ye> #aehg4 ,! accus$ 0 a c]ta9 fly4 ,two suitable advocates 7 assign$ to ! insects1 :o argu$ on _! behalf t ^! creatures 7 creat$ be=e man1 & _h be5 bless$ by ,god1 :o gave !m ! "r to fe$ on grass1 & = all ^! & o!r good reasons ! flies 7 9 _! "r :5 !y occupi$ ! v9ey>ds ( ! ,commune2 !y simply avail$ !mselves ( a legitimate privilege con=mable to ,div9e & natural law4 ,! pla9tiffs' advocate retort$ t ! ,bible & common s5se %[$ animals to be creat$ = ! utility ( man2 h5ce !y c\ld n h ! "r to cause him loss1 to :i* ! c\nsel = ! insects repli$ t man _h ! "r to comm& animals1 no d\bt1 b n to p]secute1 excommunicate & int]dict !m :5 !y 7 m]ely con=m+ to natural law 8:i* is et]nal & immutable l ! ,div9e40 ,! judges 7 s deeply impress$ by ?is plead+ t to cut ! case %ort1 :i* seem$ to be go+ aga9/ him1 ! ,mayor ( ,/4 ,juli5 ha/5$ to propose a compromise2 he (f]$ a piece ( l& :]e ! flies might f9d a safe retreat & live out _! days 9 peace & pl5ty4 ,! (f] 0 accept$4 ,on ,june #bi1 #aehg1 ! citiz5s ( ,/4 ,juli5 7 bidd5 to ! m>ket squ>e by r++ ! *ur* bells1 & aft] a %ort discussion !y ratifi$ ! agreem5t :i* h&$ ov] a l>ge piece ( l& to ! exclusive use ( ! insects4 ,hope 0 express$ t !y w\ld be entirely satisfi$ ) ! b>ga94 ,a "r ( way across ! l& 01 inde$1 res]v$ to ! public1 b no h>m :atev] 0 to be done to ! flies on _! own t]ritory4 ,x 0 /at$ 9 ! =mal contract t ! res]vation 0 c$$ to ! insects 9 p]petuity4 ,all 0 go+ well1 :5 x transpir$ t1 9 ! meantime1 ! flies' advocates _h paid a visit to t mu*-vaunt$ piece ( l&1 & :5 !y return$1 !y rais$ ! /ronge/ objection to x on ! score t x 0 arid1 /]ile1 & produc$ no?+4 ,! mayor's c\nsel disput$ ?is2 ! l&1 he said1 produc$ no end ( nice small trees & bu%es1 ! v ?+s = ! nutrition ( insects4 ,! judges int]v5$ by ord]+ a survey to f9d out ! real tru?1 :i* survey co/ ?ree flor9s4 ,!re1 alas6 ! /ory ends1 = ! w9d+ up ( ! affair is n to be f\nd 9 ! ar*ives ( ,/4 ,juli54 ,records ( #add su* trials h come to light4 ,( ! two ,i h describ$1 x w be rem>k$ t "o belongs1 z x 71 to crim9al & ! o!r to civil law4 ,! la/ class is ! mo/ curi\s4 ,no d\bt ! trial ( flies or locu/s 0 resort$ to :5 o!r means ( gett+ rid ( !m _h fail$2 x 0 hop$1 someh[1 t ! elaborate appe>ance ( fair-play w\ld br+ ab\t a result n to be obta9$ by viol5ce4 ,we c h>dly resi/ ! inf]5ce t !y involv$ "s sort ( recognition or intuition ( animals' rights & ev5 ( animal intellig5ce4 ,9 ! dawn ( mod]n lit]ature animals play$ a l>ge1 ?\gh artificial1 "p :i* mu/ n be q ignor$ on acc\nt ( its artificiality1 because 9 ! ,be/i>ies z 9 ! sopic & ,ori5tal fables f :i* !y 7 ma9ly d]iv$1 !re 0 an inextricable tangle ( obs]vations ( ! real creature & arbitr>y ascription to him ( human qualities & adv5tures4 ,at la/ !y became a m]e me?od = attack+ political or ecclesia/ical abuses1 b _! great popul>ity 0 z mu* due to _! out] z to _! inn] s5se4 ,!re is n any d\bt t at ! same "t floods ( ,ea/]n fairy-tales 7 migrat+ to ,europe1 & 9 ^! ! mo/ highly appreciat$ h]o 0 always ! fri5dly bea/4 ,9 a romance ( ! ?irte5? c5tury call$ 8,guillaume de ,pal]me0 all previ\s m>vels ( ?is k9d 7 outdone by ! /ory ( a ,sicilian pr9ce :o 0 befri5d$ by a 7-wolf6 ,x is n g5]ally rememb]$ t ! ,indian or ,buddhi/ view ( animals mu/ h be5 pretty well kn[n 9 ,europe at lea/ z e>ly z ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,! acc\nt ( ! mona/]y 8:]e _m /range bea/s ( div]s k9ds d live ^u a hill10 :i* ,fra ,odoric1 ( ,pord5one1 dictat$ 9 #accj1 is a description1 bo? accurate & *>m+1 ( a ,buddhi/ animal refuge1 & 9 ! v]sion giv5 ( x 9 ,m&eville's 8,travels10 if n 9 ! orig9al1 x mu/ h be5 read by ne>ly e "o :o c\ld read1 = no book ev] _h s va/ a diffusion z ! 8,travels0 ( ! elusive ,knight ( ,/4 ,albans4 ,) ! ,italian ,r5aissance came ! full mod]n /hetic enjoym5t ( animals2 ! admiration ( _! beauty & p]fection :i* _h be5 appreciat$1 ( c\rse1 long be=e1 b n q 9 ! same _s4 ,! all-r\nd gift$ ,leo ,batti/a ,alb]ti 9 ! fifte5? c5tury took ! same critical delight 9 ! po9ts ( a f9e animal t a mod]n exp]t w\ld take4 ,he 0 a spl5did rid]1 b 8 int]e/ 0 n conf9$ to horses2 8 love = 8 dog is %[n by 8 hav+ pron\nc$ a fun]al oration ov] him4 ,we feel t ) su* m5 humanity t[>ds animals 0 a "p ( good mann]s4 8,we owe ju/ice to m510 said ! int5sely civilis$ ,montaigne1 8& grace & b5ignity to o!r creatures t are capable ( x2 !re is a natural comm]ce & mutual obligation betwe5 !m & u40 ,sir ,ar?ur ,helps1 speak+ ( ?is1 call$ x 8us+ c\rtesy to animals10 & :5 "o comes to ?9k ( x1 is n su* 8c\rtesy0 ! p>ticul> m>k & sign ( a man ( good bre$+ 9 all ages8 ,! ,r5aissance br\ght ) x some?+ deep] ?an a wond]ful quick5+ ( ! /hetic s5se 9 all directions2 x also br\ght t spiritual quick5+ :i* is ! co-effici5t ( e really upw>d movem5t ( ! human m9d4 ,leon>do da ,v9ci1 greate/ ( arti/-humani/s1 inveigh$ aga9/ cruelty 9 words t might h be5 writt5 by ,plut>* or ,porphyry4 ,8 sympa?ies 7 ) ! veget>ian4 ,mean:ile1 ,nor!rn ,*ur*m5 :o w5t to ,rome 7 sc&alis$ to he> x said 9 high ecclesia/ical society t !re 0 no diff]5ce betwe5 ! s\ls ( m5 & bea/s4 ,an attempt 0 made to conv]t ,erasmus to ?is doctr9e by means ( c]ta9 extracts f ,pl9y4 ,roman society1 at t "t1 0 s little s]i\s t "o _c believe x to h be5 s]i\s ev5 9 its het]odoxy4 ,b speculations m or less ( ! same sort 7 tak5 up by m5 ( a v diff]5t /amp2 x 0 to be =ese5 t animals w\ld h _! portion ( att5tion 9 ! pond]+s ( ! god-intoxicat$ mus]s :o h be5 call$ ! ,sceptics ( ! ,r5aissance4 ,= ! pro( t !y did receive x we h only to turn to ! pages ( ,giordano ,bruno4 8,e "p ( creation has its %>e 9 be+ & cognition40 8,!re is a diff]5ce1 n 9 quality1 b 9 quantity1 betwe5 ! s\l ( man1 ! animal & ! plant40 8,among horses1 elephants & dogs !re are s+le individuals :i* appe> to h almo/ ! und]/&+ ( m540 ,bruno's prophetic guess t in/9ct is inh]it$ habit might h sav$ ,desc>tes 7:o 0 mu* indebt$ to ! ,nolan7 f giv+ 8 "n an un5viable immortality 9 connexion ) ! !ory :i* is ne>ly all t ! ignorant "k n[ ( ,c>tesian philosophy4 ,?is 0 ! !ory t animals are automata1 a sophism t may be said to h swept ,europe1 ?\gh x 0 n long be=e x provok$ a reaction4 ,desc>tes got ?is idea f ! v place :]e x 0 likely to orig9ate1 f ,spa94 ,a c]ta9 ,gomez ,p]eira advanc$ x be=e ,desc>tes made x 8 own1 :i* ev5 l$ to a *>ge ( plagi>ism4 8,because a clock m>ks "t & a bee makes honey1 we are to consid] ! clock & ! bee to be ma*9es4 ,because !y d "o ?+ bett] ?an man & no o!r ?+ s well z man1 we are to conclude t !y h no m9d1 b t ,nature acts )9 !m1 hold+ _! organs at h] disposal40 8,nor are we to ?9k1 z ! anci5ts d1 t animals speak1 ?\gh we d n "k _! language1 =1 if t 7 s1 !y1 hav+ sev]al organs relat$ to ours1 might z easily communicate ) u z ) ea* o!r40 ,ab\t ?is1 ,huxley %[$ t an almo/ imp]ceptible imp]fection ( ! vocal *ord may prev5t articulat$ s\nds4 ,moreov]1 ! click ( ! bu%m51 :i* is almo/ _! only language1 is exce$+ly l ! s\nds made by monkeys4 ,language1 z def9$ by an em95t ,italian man ( sci5ce1 ,pr(essor ,broca1 is ! faculty ( mak+ ?+s kn[n1 or express+ !m by signs or s\nds4 ,mu* ! same def9ition 0 giv5 by ,miv>t1 & if !re be a bett] "o1 we h /ill to wait = x4 ,human language is evolv$2 at "o "t man _h x n4 ,! babe 9 ! cradle is )\t x2 ! deaf mute1 9 8 untaught /ate1 is )\t x2 ergo ! babe & ! deaf mute _c feel4 ,poor babes & poor deaf mutes %\ld ! sci5tific ,loyolas ( ! future adopt ?is view6 ,i d n "k if any "o has rem>k$ t rural & primitive folk c nev] br+ !mselves to believe ( any =eign tongue t x is real human language l _! own4 ,to !m x seems a j>gon ( mean+less & unc\? s\nds4 ,*anet1 a foll[] ( ,desc>tes1 said t he w\ld believe t bea/s ?\ght :5 a bea/ told him s4 ,by :at cries ( pa91 by :at looks ( love1 h n bea/s told m5 t !y ?\ght6 ,man himself does n ?9k 9 words 9 mom5ts ( pr(\nd emotion1 :e!r ( grief or joy4 ,he cries out or he acts4 ,?\ght 9 its absolutely elem5t>y =m is action4 ,! "m ?9ks 9 ! kiss %e gives h] *ild4 ,! musician ?9ks 9 music4 ,p]haps ,god ?9ks 9 con/ellations4 ,i ask$ a man :o _h sav$ _m lives by jump+ into ! sea1 8,:at did y ?9k ( at ! mom5t ( do+ x80 ,he repli$3 8,y d n ?9k1 or y might n d x40 ,! :ole tr5d ( philosophic speculation wor?y ( ! "n lies t[>ds unity1 b ! ,c>tesian !ory w\ld arbitr>ily divide ev5 man's physical & s5sational nature f t ( ! o!r animals4 ,to rem$y ?is1 ,desc>tes admitt$ t man 0 j z mu* an automatic ma*9e z o!r creatures4 ,by :at "r1 !n1 does he compla9 :5 he happ5s to h a too?a*e8 ,because1 says ,desc>tes triumphantly1 man has an immortal s\l6 ,! *ild ?9ks 9 8 "m's womb1 b ! dog1 :i* aft] sc5t+ two roads takes ! ?ird )\t demur1 sure t 8 ma/] mu/ h gone t way1 ?is dog is act+ 8by spr+s0 & nei!r ?9ks nor feels at all4 ,! misuse ( ! ill-treat$ ^w 8,nature0 _c hide ! fact t ! beg9n+1 middle1 & end ( ,desc>tes' argum5t re/s on a p]petually recurr5t miracle4 ,desc>tes confess$ z mu* :5 he said t ,god c\ld make animals z ma*9es1 s :y %\ld x be impossible t ,he _h made !m z ma*9es8 ,voltaire's cle> reason revolt$ at ?is logic2 he decl>$ x to be absurd to imag9e t ,god _h giv5 animals organs ( feel+ 9 ord] t !y might n feel4 ,he w\ld h endors$ ,pr(essor ,romanes' say+ t 8! !ory ( animal automatism :i* is usually attribut$ to ,desc>tes c nev] be accept$ by common s5se40 ,on ! o!r h&1 :ile ,desc>tes 0 be+ p]secut$ by ! ,*ur* = op9ions :i* he did n hold1 ?is p>ticul> op9ion ( 8 0 seiz$ ^u by ,ca?olic div9es z a v9dication ( creation4 ,pascal s reg>d$ x4 ,! miracul\s elem5t 9 x did n di/urb him4 ,malebran*e said ?\gh oppos$ by reason x 0 approv$ by fai?4 ,desc>tes said t ! idea t animals ?9k & feel is a relic ( *ildhood4 ,! idea t !y d n ?9k & feel might be m truly call$ a relic ( t d>ke/ side ( p]v]se *ildhood1 ! exi/5ce ( :i* we are all fa9 to =get4 ,:oev] has se5 a little *ild ?r[+ /ones at a toad on ! highway--& sad because 8 h&s are too small to take up ! bigg] /ones to ?r[--w und]/& :at ,i mean4 ,i d n wi% to allude m ?an slightly to a po9t :i* is ( too mu* importance to pass ov] 9 sil5ce4 ,desc>tes 0 a vivisector3 s 7 ! pi\s p at ,port ,royal :o embrac$ 8 tea*+ ) en?usiasm1 & lik$ to he> ! h[ls ( ! dogs !y vivisect$4 ,m4 mile ,f]rire1 9 8 "w 8,l'me e/ la fonction du c]veau10 sees 9 ! 8s\ls0 ( bea/s exactly ! same nature z 9 ! 8s\l0 ( man2 ! diff]5ce1 he ma9ta9s1 is "o ( degree2 ?\gh g5]ally inf]ior1 x is sometimes sup]ior to 8s\ls0 ( c]ta9 human gr\ps4 ,"h is a c&id mat]iali/ :o des]ves respect4 ,b !re is a s*ool ( physiologi/s n[adays :i* c>ries on an unflagg+ campaign 9 fav\r ( belief 9 unconsci\s animal ma*9es :i* "w by spr+s1 :ile d5y+ t !re is a ,god to w9d up ! spr+s1 & 9 consci\s human ma*9es1 :ile d5y+ t !re is a s\l1 indep5d5t ( matt]1 :i* might acc\nt = ! diff]5ce4 8,! wi% is fa!r to ! ?\ght40 ,non ragionam di lor ma gu>da e passa4 ,! /ronge/ ( all reasons = dismiss+ ! ma*9e !ory ( animals is _! v>iety ( idiosyncrasy4 ,x is said t to ! %eph]d no two %eep look alike2 x is c]ta9 t no two animals ( any k9d h ! same *>act]s4 ,"s are selfi%1 "s are unselfi%1 "s are g5tle1 "s irretrievably ill-temp]$ bo? to ea* o!r & to man4 ,"s animals d n %[ mu* regret at ! loss ( _! (fspr+1 ) o!rs x is manife/ly ! rev]se4 d\>d ,qu9et describ$ h[ on "o occasion1 :5 visit+ ! lions' cage 9 ! ,j>d9 des ,plantes1 he obs]v$ ! lion g5tly place 8 l>ge paw on ! =ehead ( ! lioness1 & s !y rema9$1 grave & /ill1 all ! "t he 0 !re4 ,he ask$ ,ge(froy ,sa9t-,hilaire1 :o 0 ) him1 :at x meant4 8,_! lion cub10 0 ! answ]1 8di$ ?is morn+40 8,pity1 b5evol5ce1 sympa?y1 c\ld be read on ^? rugg$ faces40 ,t ^! qualities are (t5 abs5t 9 s5ti5t be+s :at man c d\bt8 ,b !y are n to be f\nd 9 ! be/ me*anical animals 9 all ,nuremb]g6 ,nor d ma*9es commonly act z did ! dog 9 ! foll[+ true /ory :i* relates to some?+ t happ5$ dur+ ! e>?quake ( ,a% ,w$nesday1 #ahhg4 ,at a place call$ ,c]iana on ! ,italian ,rivi]a a poor man :o e>n$ 8 liv+ z a milk-c>ri] 0 suppos$ to h gone on 8 ord9>y r\nds1 on :i* he 0 us$ to />t at f\r o'clock 9 ! morn+4 ,no "o1 !re=e1 ?\ght ( inquir+ ab\t him1 b ! fact 01 t hav+ tak5 a glass or two ( w9e 9 hon\r ( ! la/ night ( ! ,c>nival1 he _h ov]slept himself1 & 0 /ill asleep :5 8 cottage fell d[n ^u him4 ,he _h a l>ge dog :i* drew ! little c>t be>+ ! milk up ! m\nta9 pa?s1 & ! dog by *ance 0 outside & safe4 ,he f\nd out :]e 8 ma/] lay & succe$$ 9 cle>+ ! masonry s z to uncov] 8 head1 :i* 0 ble$+4 ,he !n set to "w to lick ! w\nds2 b1 see+ t !y w5t on ble$+1 & also t he c\ld n lib]ate ! re/ ( ! body1 he />t$ 9 se>* ( help1 runn+ up & d[n among ! surr\nd+ ru9s till he met "s "o1 :om he caught hold ( by ! clo!s4 ,! man1 h[ev]1 ?\ght t ! dog 0 mad & fl$ = 8 life4 ,luckily1 ano!r man guess$ ! tru? & all[$ himself to be guid$ to ! spot4 ,hi/ory repeats itself1 at lea/ ! hi/ory ( devot$ dogs4 ,! same ?+ happ5$ aft] ! great] e>?quake at ,mess9a1 :5 a man1 "o ( ! la/ to be sav$1 0 discov]$ ?r\gh ! insi/5ce ( 8 little dog1 :o approa*$ a gr\p ( se>*]s & :9$ pite\sly till he p]suad$ !m to foll[ him to ! ru9s :i* conceal$ 8 ma/]4 ,nor1 aga91 d ma*9es act l a cockatoo ,i he>d ( f a witness ( ! sc5e4 ,a lady 0 visit+ ! zoological g>d5s 9 a ,g]man t[n ) h] daught]1 :5 ! little girl 0 seiz$ ) ! wi% to possess a pretty m\lt$ fea!r :i* 0 ly+ on ! gr\nd 9 ! p>rots' cage4 ,%e made sev]al attempts to rea* x1 b 9 va94 ,see+ :i*1 an old cockatoo hopp$ solemnly f ! back ( ! cage & tak+ up ! fea!r 9 8 beak1 h&$ x to ! *ild ) an air ( ! greate/ polit5ess4 ,"o ( ! fir/ uphold]s ( ! idea ( legislative protection ( animals 0 ,j]emy ,b5?am1 :o ask$ :y ! law %\ld refuse its protection to any s5sitive be+8 ,mo/ p =get ! degree ( opposition :i* 0 enc\nt]$ by ! e>li] combatants ( cruel practices & pa/imes 9 ,engl&4 ,cobbett made a furi\s attack on a cl]gyman :o 7to 8 hon\r7 0 agitat+ = ! suppression ( bull-bait+1 8! poor man's sport10 z ,cobbett call$ x4 ,t x demoralis$ ! poor man z well z torm5t$ ! bull nev] ent]$ into ! head ( ! inimitable wield] ( ,engli% prose1 pure & undefil$1 :o took x "u 8 7happily7 ineffectual protection4 8,! common law fully sanctions ! bait+ ( bulls10 he wrote1 8&1 ,i believe1 t to sell ! fle% ( a bull :i* has n be5 bait$ is an (f5ce :i* is puni%able by t v law to :i* y appeal0 78,political ,regi/]10 ,june1 #ahjb74 ,societies = ! ,prev5tion ( ,cruelty to ,animals _h1 9 _! day1 to und]go almo/ z mu* criticism & ridicule 9 ,engl& z !y n[ meet ) 9 "s p>ts ( ! ,cont95t4 ,ev5 ! e/abli%m5t ( ! ,dogs' ,home 9 ,london rais$ a /orm ( disapproval1 z may be se5 by any "o :o turns ov] ! files ( ! ,times = ,octob]1 #ahfj4 ,if ! fri5ds ( humanity p]sev]e1 ! *ange ( s5tim5t :i* has become an accompli%$ fact 9 ,engl& w1 9 ! end1 triumph else:]e4 ,un=tunately1 humane s5tim5t & humane practice d n progress on a level l9e4 ,z long ago z #aghb an ,engli% writ] nam$ ,soame ,j5yns prote/$ aga9/ ! wick$ness ( %oot+ a be> on an inaccessible isl& ( ice1 or an eagle on ! m\nta9's top4 8,we are unable to give life & !re=e ought n to take x away f ! meane/ insect )\t suffici5t reason40 ,:at w\ld he say if he came back to e>? to f9d :ole species ( beautiful w+$ creatures be+ de/roy$ to af=d a b>b>\s ornam5t = wom5's heads8 ,! 8discov]y0 ( ,indian lit]ature br\ght prom95tly =w>d 9 ! ,we/ ! ,indian ideas ( animals ( :i* ! old travell]s _h giv5 ! e>lie/ news4 ,! effect ( famili>ity ) ^? ideas may be trac$ 9 _m writ]s1 b n[h]e to su* an ext5t z 9 ! works ( ,s*op5hau]1 = :om1 z = _m m obscure /ud5ts1 !y =m$ ! mo/ attractive & int]e/+ "p ( ,ori5tal lore4 ,s*op5hau] _c speak ab\t animals )\t us+ a tone ( passionate vehem5ce :i* 01 )\t d\bt1 g5u9e4 ,he felt ! int5se enjoym5t 9 obs]v+ !m :i* ! lonely s\l has ev] felt1 :e!r x belong$ to sa9t or s9n]4 ,all 8 pessimism disappe>s :5 he leaves ! haunts ( man = ! retreats ( bea/s4 ,:at a pleasure x is1 he says1 to wat* a wild animal go+ ab\t undi/urb$6 ,x %[s u our own nature 9 a simpl] & m s9c]e =m4 8,!re is only "o m5daci\s be+ 9 ! _w1 & t is man4 ,e o!r is true & s9c]e40 ,x /rikes me t total s9c]ity did n %9e on ! face ( a dog :i* ,i once saw trott+ innoc5tly away1 aft] bury+ a rabbit he _h caught 9 a pl\gh$ field ne> a tree 9 ! h$ge--! only tree !re 0--:i* w\ld make x easy = him to id5tify ! spot4 ,b ab\t t ,i w say no m4 ,! ,g]man 8,fri5d ( ! ,creature0 0 indignant at 8! unp>donable =getfulness 9 :i* ! l[] animals h hi!rto be5 left by ! morali/s ( ,europe40 ,! duty ( protect+ !m1 neglect$ by religion1 falls to ! police4 ,mank9d are ! devils ( ! e>? & animals ! s\ls !y torm5t4 ,full ( ^! s5tim5ts1 ,s*op5hau] 0 prep>$ to welcome unconditionally ! ,indian conception ( ! ,:eel ( ,be+ & to close 8 eyes to its defects4 ,/rauss1 too1 hail$ x z a doctr9e :i* 8unites ! :ole ( ,nature 9 "o sacr$ & my/]i\s bond0--a bond 9 :i*1 he goes on to say1 a brea* has be5 made by ! ,judaism & dualism ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,he might h obs]v$ t ! ,*ur* d]iv$ h] notions on ! subject r f ,ari/otle ?an f ,semitic s\rces4 ,s*op5hau] came to ! conclusion t ! ill-treatm5t ( animals arose directly f ! d5ial to !m ( immortality1 :ile x 0 ascrib$ to m54 ,!re is & !re is n tru? 9 ?is4 ,:5 all is said1 ! well-condition$ man always 0 & always w be humane2 8! righte\s man reg>de? ! life ( 8 bea/40 ,& s9ce p reason to fit _! acts r ?an act to fit _! reason+1 he w ev5 f9d a motive = 8 humanity :]e o!rs f9d an excuse = ! lack ( x4 ,humphry ,primatt wrote 9 #aggf3 8,cruelty to a brute is an injury irrep>able because !re is no future life to be a comp5sation = pres5t afflictions40 ,mr4 ,lecky1 9 8 8,hi/ory ( ,european ,morals10 tells ( a ,c>d9al :o let himself be bitt5 by gnats because 8we h heav51 b ^! poor creatures only pres5t enjoym5t60 ,c\ld ,ja9a d m8 ,/rauss ?\ght t ! ris+ tide ( popul> s5tim5t ab\t animals 0 ! direct result ( ! ab&onm5t by sci5ce ( ! spirituali/ic isolation ( man f ,nature4 ,i suspect t ^? :o h work$ h>de/ = animals 9 ! la/ half-c5tury c>$ little ab\t ! orig9 ( species1 :ile x is c]ta9 t "s pr(ess$ evolutioni/s h be5 _! wor/ foes4 ,! fact rema9s1 h[ev]1 t by e rule ( logic ! !ory ( evolution ought to produce ! effect :i* ,/rauss ?\ght t x _h produc$4 ,! discov]y :i* gives its "n to ! n9ete5? c5tury revolutionises ! :ole philosophic conception ( ! place ( animals 9 ! ,univ]se4 ,lam>ck1 :om ,cuvi] s cruelly attack$1 0 ! fir/ to disc]n ! pr9ciple ( evolution4 ,at "o "t he held ! ,*air ( ,zoology at ! ,univ]sity ( ,p>is2 b ! opposition :i* 8 ideas met ) cru%$ him 9 body1 ?\gh n 9 s\l1 & he di$ bl9d & 9 want 9 #ahbi1 only consol$ by ! c>e ( an admirable daught]4 ,8 la/ words are said to h be5 t x is easi] to discov] a tru? ?an to conv9ce o!rs ( x4 ,an ,italian nam$ ,c>lo ,lessona 0 "o ( ! fir/ to be conv9c$4 ,he wrote a "w conta9+ ! phrase1 8,! intellig5ce ( animals0--:i* "w1 by ! rule !n 9 =ce1 _h to be pres5t$ to ! ecclesia/ical ,c5sor at ,tur9 to receive 8 p]mit be=e publication4 ,! canon :o exam9$ ! book fell ^u ! words above m5tion$1 & rem>k$3 8,?is expression1 #8intellig5ce ( animals1' w nev] d60 8,b10 said ,lessona1 8x is commonly us$ 9 natural hi/ory books40 8,oh60 repli$ ! canon1 8natural hi/ory has mu* ne$ ( revision40#ab ,footnote #ab3 ,see ,dr4 ,f4 ,franzol9i's int]e/+ monograph on animal psy*ology f ! po9t ( view ( sci5ce 78,intellig5za delle ,be/ie10 ,ud9e1 #ahii74 ,! great & cauti\s ,d>w9 said t ! s5ses1 intuitions1 emotions1 & faculties1 su* z love1 memory1 att5tion1 curiosity1 imitation1 reason1 ( :i* man boa/s1 may be f\nd 9 an incipi5t1 or ev51 sometimes1 9 a well-develop$ condition 9 ! l[] animals4 8,man1 ) all 8 noble qualities1 8 ,god-l intellect1 /ill be>s 9 8 bodily frame ! indelible /amp ( 8 l[ly orig94 ,our bre?r5 fly 9 ! air1 haunt ! bu%es1 & swim 9 ! sea40 ,d>w9 agre$ ) ,agassiz 9 recognis+ 9 ! dog some?+ v l ! human consci5ce4 ,dr4 ,arnold said t ! :ole subject ( ! brute creature 0 su* a pa9ful my/]y t he d>$ n approa* x4 ,mi*elet call$ animal life a 8sombre my/]y10 & %udd]$ at ! 8daily murd]10 hop+ t 9 ano!r globe 8^! base & cruel fatalities may be sp>$ to u40 ,x is /range to f9d h[ _m m5 ( v diff]5t types h w&]$ )\t a guide 9 ^! d>k alleys ( speculation4 ,a few ( !m arriv$ at1 or ?\ght !y _h arriv$ at1 a solution4 ,"l ,*e/]field wrote t 8animals prey+ on ea* o!r is a law ( ,nature :i* we did n make1 & :i* we _c undo1 = if ,i d n eat *ick5s my cat w eat mice40 ,b ! appeal to ,nature w n satisfy e "o2 our :ole human consci5ce is a prote/ aga9/ ,nature1 :ile our moral actions are an attempt to effect a compromise4 ,paley po9t$ out t ! law 0 n good1 s9ce we c\ld live )\t animal food & wild bea/s c\ld n4 ,he (f]$ ano!r ju/ification1 ! p]mission ( ,scripture4 ,?is 0 satisfactory to him1 b he mu/ h be5 aw>e t x waives ! "q )\t answ]+ x4 ,"s humane p h tak5 refuge 9 ! automata argum5t1 :i* is l tak+ a sleep+-draught to cure a brok5 leg4 ,o!rs1 aga91 look = ju/ice to animals 9 ! "o & only hope t man possesses ( ju/ice to himself2 9 comp5sation aft] dea? = unm]it$ suff]+ 9 ?is life4 ,leibnitz said t ,et]nal ,ju/ice ought to comp5sate animals = _! mis=tunes on e>?4 ,bi%op ,butl] w\ld n d5y a future life to animals4 ,speak+ ( h] approa*+ dea?1 ,mrs4 ,som]ville said3 8,i %all regret ! sky1 ! sea1 ) all ! *anges ( _! beautiful col\r+2 ! e>? ) its v]dure & fl[]s3 b f> m %all ,i grieve to leave animals :o h foll[$ our /eps affectionately = ye>s1 )\t kn[+ = c]ta9ty _! ultimate fate1 ?\gh ,i firmly believe t ! liv+ pr9ciple is nev] ext+ui%$4 ,s9ce ! atoms ( matt] are inde/ructible1 z f> z we "k1 x is difficult to believe t ! sp>k :i* gives to _! union life1 memory1 affection1 intellig5ce1 & fidelity1 is evanesc5t40 ,9 ! sev5te5? & eighte5? c5turies1 sev5 or eight small works1 writt5 9 ,lat9 9 support ( ?is !sis1 7 publi%$ 9 ,g]many & ,sw$54 ,probably 9 all ! _w a numb]1 unsuspect$ly l>ge1 ( s5sitive m9ds has endors$ ! belief express$ s well 9 ! l9es :i* ,s\!y wrote on com+ home to f9d t a fav\rite old dog _h be5 8de/roy$0 dur+ 8 abs5ce3-- 444 8,m9e is no n>r[ cre$2 ,& ,he :o gave !e be+ did n frame ,! my/]y ( life to be ! sport ,( m]ciless man6 ,!re is ano!r _w ,= all t live & move--a bett] "o6 ,:]e ! pr\d bip$s1 :o w\ld fa9 conf9e ,inf9ite ,goodness to ! little b\nds ,( _! own *>ity1 may envy !e60 ,! hold]s ( ?is 8no n>r[ cre$0 />t ) all ! advantages f ! m]e po9t ( view ( dialectics4 ,!y c boa/ t !y h plac$ ! immortality ( ! s\l on a sci5tific basis4 ,= truly1 x is m reasonable to suppose t ! s\l is natural ?an sup]natural1 a ^w inv5t$ to clo! our ignorance2 &1 if natural1 :y n univ]sal8 ,!y h ! "r to say1 moreov]1 t !y & !y alone h 8ju/ifi$ ! ways ( ,god40 ,!y alone h admitt$ all creation t groane? & travaile? to ! ultimate gu]don ( ! 8,love :i* moves ! sun & o!r />s40 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,index ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,abdls1 #bfa-bfb ,abu ,djaf> al ,mausur1 ,caliph1 #bcb ,abu ,jail1 #bda-bdc ,a*illes1 #bf-bg1 #bih ,adi ,gran?1 #bja sop's fables1 #be1 #bi-cj1 #hj-ha ,ae!1 #bf ,ae?on1 #bf ,afghan ballad1 #bda-bdc ,african pa/oral tribes1 #ie ,agamemnon1 #be-bf1 #bi ,agassiz1 #cfd ,agora ,temple1 #gg ,ahimsa1 #aff-afg1 #agb1 #aic ,ahriman1 #abd-abf1 #adc1 #ade-adf1 #adi-aea1 #aeh-aei ,ahriman1 hymn to1 #abe ,ahuna-,vairya1 #ach ,ahura ,mazda1 #aaf1 #aba-abb1 #acf1 #ach-aci1 #adc1 #aed1 #aeh-aei ,alb]ti1 ,leo ,batti/a1 #aed1 #aeh-aei1 #ceb ,albig5ses1 #cdf ,alex&] ! ,great1 #ge1 #acc ,alfonso1 ,k+ ( ,spa91 #bia-bib ,alg]1 ,w4 ,r41 #bhf ,alhambra1 #bbi ,al ,rakm1 #bcj ,amatongo1 #ajg-aji ,amazulu1 #ajg ,l'me e/ la fonction du c]veau1 #ceg ,ammon1 ,temple (1 #ca ,amon ,ra1 #ajc ,amrits>1 #bja ,anax&rides1 #hb ,an*orites1 #agi1 #beb-bed ,&roma*e1 #bf ,animals1 treatm5t (1 9 ,india1 #ai2 ! purgatory ( m51 #ba2 slay+ (1 by ,greeks1 #bd-be2 nam+ (1 #bf2 prophetic p[]s (1 #bg-bh2 talk+1 #bi2 ,roman treatm5t (1 #de-df2 but*]y (1 at ,colosseum1 #ea2 import$ = ar5a1 #ea-eb2 humanity (1 #ec-ed2 p]=m+1 #ed-ee2 ,plut>* on k9dness to1 #fd-ga2 ,plut>* on animal intellig5ce1 #fg-ga2 in/ances ( discrim9ation (1 #ge-gf2 dome/ication (1 #ij-ia2 value (1 #id-ie2 excuses = kill+1 #ajj2 attitude ( savages to1 #ajg-ajh2 kill+ (1 by prie/s1 #adh-aej2 ,zoroa/rian treatm5t (1 #adg-aeg2 9 sacr$ books1 #ahh2 ,hebrew treatm5t (1 #bab-bbj2 hunt+ (1 by ,moslems1 #bbd-bbe1 #bcb1 #bda-bdc2 musical in/9ct 91 #bde-bdf2 & ! ,messiah1 #bdg-beb2 & sa9ts1 #bei2 /ories (1 #cjf-caf2 !ory ( ,celsus z to intellig5ce (1 #cdj-cdd2 !ory ( ,porphyry1 #cdd2 ! ,*ur* & humanity1 #cdf2 animal prosecutions1 #cdg-cea2 ,r5aissance admiration (1 #ceb-cec2 animals & ?\ght1 #cee2 automata !ory1 #cec-cei1 #cfe2 societies to protect1 #cei-cfj2 ill-treatm5t & immortality1 #cfb2 pr9ciple ( evolution1 #cfc ,antelope1 #bdj ,ants1 wisdom (1 #gf-gg2 kill+ (1 #adi-aej2 ,hebrew prov]b1 #baf2 9 ! ,koran1 #bbg2 social economy (1 #cda-cdb ,apis1 #ajb1 #add ,apollo1 #bdf ,apollonius ( ,tyana1 #bfh-bfi2 #ccg-cdj2 #cde ,aps>ases1 !1 #bgi-bhj ,apuleius1 #ee ,ar*ological ,congress1 #ie ,ar*etypes 7see ,frava%i7 ,ard ,vrf1 #aei-afe ,ar5a1 cruelties ( !1 #de-df ,ario/o1 #big ,ari/ophanes1 #bh ,ari/otle1 #eh1 #gh1 #hj1 #bfi1 #cdj1 #cfb ,arnold1 ,dr41 #cfd ,arnold1 ,sir ,mat!w1 #cjb-cjc ,aryans1 #ac1 #ah1 #aac-aae ,asceticism1 #agi-ahc ,a/ra*an1 #beh ,at>o1 #afb ,a?>va-,v$a1 #bjh ,atman1 #ad ,augu/us1 #ccf ,automata !ory1 #cec-cei1 #cfe ,avebury1 ,"l1 #cdc ,ave/a1 #aac1 #aaf1 #abj1 #abc1 #abe1 #abh1 #aca1 #acc-adj1 #adc1 #ade-adh1 #aec1 #aee1 #aei1 #afc1 #bcc-bcd ,bactria1 #aca ,bai>do1 #big ,balaam's ass1 #bab-bac1 #bai ,balius1 #bf-bg ,balkis1 ,que51 #bbi ,bankes' horse1 #bhc ,banyan de]1 #cbg-bcj ,b>b>y1 #bif ,basan1 ,bulls (1 #add ,basri1 ,hasan1 #bcd ,battle ( ! frogs & mice1 #bi ,baudelaire1 #ah ,bavieca1 #bhi-bid ,be>s1 leg5ds (1 #hh-hi ,bea/ tales1 #bh1 #cag1 #cea ,beav] 7see ,udra7 ,b$\9s1 #bgb ,behkaa1 #ajd ,b5>es1 #ahc ,b5$ict ,,xii41 #di ,b5?am1 ,j]emy1 #cei ,bhagavad1 ,gita1 #ad ,bion1 #fd ,birds1 9 captivity1 #ef-eg2 ,plut>*'s views on1 #gh2 language (1 #bbf-bbg2 & ,/4 ,francis1 #bei-bfj ,bism>ck1 #cjd ,bi'sm-illah1 cu/om ( say+1 #bbd ,biv>1 ,ruy ,diaz de1 #bhi-bid ,blackbird1 ,:ite1 #ea ,blake1 ,wm41 #bea ,bleeck1 #aec ,bless+ ! bea/1 rite (1 #cdg ,boccaccio's falcon1 #bhe ,botia1 #fb ,bo?ius1 #cde ,bol+broke1 #bif ,bosanquet1 ,dr4 ,r4 ,c41 #ie ,brahmans1 #ad1 #ba1 #afi1 #age1 #ahc1 #cji ,brea? f ! veldt1 ,a1 #bdj ,briti% s*ool at ,a!ns1 #ie ,broca1 ,pr(essor1 #ced ,br[n+1 ,rob]t1 #ach ,bruno1 ,giordano1 #baf1 #bfj-bfa1 #cec ,buba/is1 #ha ,bucephalus1 #ge ,buddhism1 #ba1 #aje-ajf1 #abd1 #acj1 #afg-agc1 #ahg1 #aij-aif1 #bfa1 #bgc1 #cjh1 #cba-cbh ,buddhi/ ,india1 #cbh ,buffalo ( ,k>ileff1 #bed ,bull-bait+1 #ej1 #cei-cfj ,bull-fights1 #cb1 #dg-ej ,bulls1 #adc-adf ,bundehe%1 #adb-adc ,burgundy1 ,duke (1 #cdi ,burial1 me?ods (1 #abc-abd ,burkitt1 ,pr(4 ,f4 ,c41 #ace-acf ,burns & ,oates1 #cdf ,burns1 ,rob]t1 #ei ,cs>1 ,julius1 #ea1 #ec1 #ee1 #bif ,cagli>i1 #bdh ,callaway1 ,canon1 #aji ,cambale?1 #aie ,cambyses1 #add ,camels1 #bhf ,canna1 #ccc-ccd ,c>bon>ia1 #di ,c>lyle1 ,?os41 #cc ,c>tesian philosophy1 #cec-cee ,c>?age1 #baa ,cass&ra1 #bi ,cato1 #de ,cats1 #hj-hc1 #aee1 #bbb1 #beh1 #bgh1 #cad1 #cbb ,celsus1 #gc1 #cci-cdd ,celts1 #bgc-bgd ,c]iana1 #ceh ,c]vantes1 #bij ,*anet1 #cee ,*antal1 ,mdme4 de1 #agh ,*>iot-rac+1 #cj ,*>les1 ,k+ 7! ,peace71 #ej ,*e/]field1 ,"l1 #cfd ,*ildeb]t1 #bed-bee ,*9a1 religion (1 #cbg ,*9ese1 belief & folk-lore1 #ajd-ajf2 sav+ ( animal life1 #aid2 folk-lore /ories1 #cjf-cjh1 #cac-caf1 #cbf-ccj4 ,*9vat1 #aed1 #aeh1 #afb ,*oo-,foo-,tsze1 #ajd ,*ri/ianity1 approa* (1 #ccg-cch ,cicada1 #bfj ,cic]o1 #af1 #ej1 #eh-ei1 #abh1 #cdj ,cignani1 #bjh ,cimon1 #ca ,circuses1 #ed-ee ,clo?ilde's ,god1 #ic ,clovis1 #ic ,clytemne/ra1 #bi ,cobbett1 #cei ,cockatoo1 ,/ory ( a1 #cei ,colonna1 ,c>d9al1 #di ,colosseum1 ,but*]y at inauguration (1 #ea ,comte1 ,augu/e1 #acc ,con*a1 #eg-eh ,confucianism1 #ajd-aje1 #acj ,con/ant9ople1 #bcc ,con/ant9ople1 ,c\ncil at1 #ad ,contempor>y ,review1 #f ,cop5hag5 ,national ,museum1 #dg ,cor9na1 ,p>rot (1 #ef ,corsica1 #cdg ,crete1 #cb1 #gg1 #ie ,cuvi]1 #cfc ,cyrus1 #aah1 #aba-abb ,daevas1 #aaf d',alviella1 ,c\nt ,goblet1 #e ,damascus1 #bca1 #cjf ,dante1 #ac1 #afj1 #afb-afc1 #ahg ,d>me/et]1 ,james1 #bda ,d>ius1 #aai1 #aba-abb ,d>w91 ,*>les1 #aej-aea1 #bjf1 #cdd1 #cfc-cfd ,d>w91 ,francis1 #age ,davids1 ,pr(essor ,t4 ,w4 ,rhys1 #cbh ,dea?lessness ( s\ls1 #ia-ib ,de] 7see ,banyan de]7 ,d]vi%es1 #bcd-bce1 #bfa ,desc>tes1 #af1 #cec-ceg ,deucalion1 dove (1 #gh ,diaz1 ,gil1 #bic ,digby1 ,sir ,k5elm1 #bhc ,dog1 grave ( a fai?ful1 #cad ,dogs1 #eg-ei1 #gi-hj1 #aad-aae1 #aea-aec1 #aeh1 #bbi-bcc1 #bdd1 #cjf-cjh1 #cab1 #cad-caf1 #cbb-cbd1 #ceh-cei ,dog's ,grave1 !1 #gi ,dolm5-build]s1 #ib-ic1 #if ,dome/ication ( animals1 #ij-ia ,d\ghty1 ,*>les ,m41 #bcf ,d\khobors1 #cb ,d[ne1 #bhc ,draupadi1 /ory (1 #cbb-cbd ,dravidians1 #ah-ai1 #afc ,dup]ron1 ,anquetil1 #ace1 #aeb ,ed51 ,g>d5 (1 #bjh-bji ,ed51 ,g>d5 ( 7picture by ,rub5s71 #bdg ,edk9s1 ,joseph1 ,d4,d41 #cbg l'glise et la ,piti env]s les ,animaux1 #cdf ,egyptian cosmogony1 #ajc-ajd ,el ,djem1 well at1 #aji ,elephants1 leg5d (1 #gd-ge1 #gg2 9 ,ori5tal books1 #ahh2 :ite elephant kill$ by ,ru/em1 #bid ,eleus9ian my/]ies1 #cb ,eli%a & ! %e-be>s1 #bdh-bdi ,elmocadessi1 ,azz',edd91 #bcf ,emp$ocles1 #ad-ae1 #cd1 #gb ,epictetus1 #gc-gd ,epirus1 #eg ,erasmus1 #af1 #cec ,eskimo1 !1 #hh-hi1 #ib ,euripides1 #gh1 #aij1 #bdf1 #cdj ,evolution1 !ory (1 #cfc-cfe ,falcon1 ,p]sian fable ( a1 #cac ,faliscus1 ,gratius1 #eg ,f>g>d ,,xiii41 #aeb ,f]rire1 mile1 #ceg ,fioretti1 #gd1 #beh ,firdusi1 #ada1 #bbe1 #bdj1 #bid1 #bif1 #cja-cjd ,fle%-eat+1 #bd-be1 #ca-cb1 #fa-fd1 #ga1 #he-hf1 #adh1 #aic-aid1 #bag-bah ,folk-lore ,association ( ,*icago1 #ajb ,folk-,songs ( ,s\!rn ,india1 #ag ,foxes1 #ajf ,franzol9i1 ,dr4 ,f41 #cfc ,frava%i1 #aag1 #ade1 #afb ,games1 ,roman1 #dg-dh1 #ea-eb ,g>gantuan fea/s1 #adh ,g>ibaldi1 #bid1 #bih ,g?s1 #acd1 #aci1 #add-ade ,gautama1 #cjh ,gayatri1 #aag-aah1 #ach ,gayo ,m>a?an1 #adc ,gell]t1 ,be?1 #cjf-cjg1 #cji1 #cab ,geus ,urva1 #adc-add ,ghusni1 #bda ,giles1 ,dr41 #aje1 #cac1 #caf ,gladiators1 importation (1 #eb-ec ,gno/ics1 #cdf ,goat1 ,/ory ( a1 #bde ,goe!1 #ccc ,gov]1 ,*>les ,e41 #ag ,gray1 ,asa1 #aej-aea ,gub]natis1 ,c\nt de1 #bij ,guillaume de ,pal]me1 #cea ,gundhya1 #bde ,guru1 #afh1 #aha1 #cde ,gymnosophi/s1 #agb ,hall1 #bhc ,hallal1 cu/om ( !1 #bbd ,hatem1 ,tai1 #bhe-bhf ,hatos1 #bij ,hawk & ! pigeon1 leg5d (1 #cag-cba1 #cbe ,hazim1 #bif ,heb]1 ,bi%op1 #bca ,hebrews1 !1 #aad1 #ade1 #adi1 #aei1 #afa1 #bjg-bjh1 #bab-bbj1 #bhd ,hector1 #bf ,h$gehog1 appreciation ( !1 #gi ,he9e1 #cdd ,hel5a1 #aij ,helps1 ,sir ,ar?ur1 #ceb ,h5o!ism1 #aah ,h]a1 #be-bg ,h]aclites1 #gb ,h]akles1 #bd ,h]mits 7see ,an*orites7 ,h]odotus1 #ca1 #ha1 #abh1 #adh-adi1 #cja ,h]o-wor%ip1 #bii-cjj ,hid]y1 #ajb ,h9duism1 #ac1 #ag1 #bah-bai1 #bfe-bff ,hi/ory ( ,european ,morals1 #cfb ,homa1 #adh-adi ,hom]1 #bc-bf1 #gg1 #gi1 #bda ,homizd ,,iv41 #afa ,honov]1 #ach ,horace1 #gf ,horses1 fam\s1 #bf-bg2 sacrifice (1 #aad2 9 ,ori5tal books1 #ahh2 ,/4 ,columba's horse1 #bee2 9 *ivalr\s age1 #bha-bhb2 ?9k+1 #bhc2 ,arab & 8 horse1 #bhe-bhh2 ,hatem's horse1 #bhe-bhf2 ! ,cid's horse1 #bhi-bid2 horse ( ,ru/em1 #bid2 talk+1 #bih2 ,b5gal fable1 #cac2 ,russian folk-lore tale1 #cbb ,hugo1 ,victor1 #ai1 #de1 #eg1 #afd ,humanit>ianism1 #ade-adg1 #age1 #aih-bjj1 #bdc1 #cjh1 #cdf ,h%5g1 #ada-adb ,huxley1 ,pr(essor1 #ced ,ibls1 #adb ,ibs51 #ahf ,i*neumon1 #caa-cab 8,iliad10 #be ,immortality1 #aei1 #cfb ,improta1 ,le&ro1 #bb ,indian doctr9e ( transmigration1 #ad-ag ,indra1 #aaf-aag1 #cai-cbc ,insects1 kill+ (1 #adi ,intellig5za delle ,be/ie1 #cfc ,iranians1 #aac-acd1 #aee ,isaiah1 #bdi ,isis1 #ccf ,islam1 #afj1 #bba ,issav]d5s1 ,padre ,giacomo1 #bji ,itongo1 #ajg1 #bei ,itv>a1 #ahf ,jacobi1 ,pr(essor ,h]mann1 #afi1 #aii ,ja9a h]mit's /ory1 #ccb ,ja9ism1 #afh-aic1 #aif-bjj ,jtaka ,book1 #cbh ,jebb1 ,sir ,ri*>d1 #ace ,j5yns1 ,soame1 #cfj ,jesus ,*ri/1 #acj1 #ade1 #ahh1 #baf1 #bca1 #bdd1 #bdi-beb1 #cbj ,jews 7see ,hebrews7 ,j9as1 #agj ,joghi1 #aha ,john1 ,fa!r1 #cch ,john ,,xxii41 ,pope1 #di ,jones1 ,sir ,william1 #ace1 #aeb1 #bbe1 #ccc ,jonson1 ,b51 #bhc ,joseph ( ,an*ieta1 #bee-bef ,josephus1 #bd ,julia ,domna1 ,empress1 #cch ,klidsa1 #ccc ,kambga1 #ahh ,k>ileff1 #bed ,k>man1 #age-agg ,kasi1 ,k+ (1 #ccj-cca ,katmir1 #bcj ,keats1 ,john1 #bjg ,kempis1 ,?omas 1 #aga ,ke%ub ,*und] ,s51 #be ,khordah ,ave/a1 #acd1 #acg1 #aei ,kirghis1 !1 #he ,koran1 #acf1 #bba-bbc1 #bbf-bcj1 #bcg1 #bfa1 #bhg ,k\re51 #bif ,lahore ,zoological ,g>d5s1 #bcf ,lake dwell]s1 #ij ,lam>ck1 #cfc ,lam>t9e1 #fi ,lampus1 #bf ,lancelot1 #bif ,lane1 #bbd ,language1 def9ition (1 #ced-cee ,lapl&]1 !1 #hg-ij ,lapw+1 ,solomon & !1 #bbh-bbi ,lebid1 #bcg-bci ,lecky1 #cfb ,leg5da ,aurea1 #bdi1 #beh ,leibnitz1 #cfe ,lel&1 ,c4 ,g41 #bgg ,leop>di1 #ei1 #abe1 #ahg ,lesbia's sp>r[1 #ef ,lessona1 ,c>lo1 #cfc ,leveson1 ,major1 #bfi ,lion1 leg5d ( a humane1 #ec2 ,*ri/ 9 ! lions' d51 #bej-bea2 ,/4 ,j]ome & !1 #bec2 lioness at ,*>tres1 #bfb2 eat+ ( monkeys & m5 by1 #bfh-bfi2 love = 8 mate1 #bfi-bgj2 leg5d ( vulture &1 #cbe2 sympa?y (1 #ceh ,lion's ,k+dom1 #cj ,lives1 ,plut>*'s1 #fe1 #gd ,liz>d1 sacr$ness (1 #ajh-aaj ,lockh>t1 #bia ,lombroso1 #bfg ,long1 ,rev4 ,j41 #afh ,lotus-fl[]1 :ite1 #agf ,lucian1 #ae1 #ef1 #bgh ,lucretius1 #hd1 #bjf1 #bci ,lyall1 ,sir ,alfr$1 #ahj ,lyall1 ,sir ,*as41 #bch ,lycu1 ,m\nt1 #bgc ,lycan?ropy1 #bgd-bge ,maet]l9ck1 #cca ,magians1 !1 #aai1 #abd1 #abg-abi1 #adh1 #bbf ,magic1 #bgc-bhj ,magpie1 leg5d ( a1 #gg-gh ,mahabh>ata1 #cag1 #cbb ,mahavira1 #afi-agc1 #aig-aih ,mahm\d1 #bda ,malay ,magic1 #bbd ,malebran*e1 #cef ,man1 ages (1 #hd ,m&eville1 #aif1 #ceb ,man-eat+ animals1 #bfh1 #bgj-bgb ,mani*ism1 #abg1 #bfa ,mann+1 ,c>d9al1 #cdg ,manu1 ,in/itutes (1 #bi ,m>cellus1 ,!atre (1 #ee ,m>cus ,aurelius1 #ei ,m>e1 /ory ( ! creation (1 #bhh ,m>ne1 #bed ,m>riage 9 ! ,ea/1 #aci-adj ,m>tial1 #eh ,massaia1 ,c>d9al1 #bfb ,matreya1 #agj ,mazdaism1 #aaf-aai1 #abd1 #abi1 #acc-aci1 #aee1 #aeg-aeh1 #aei1 #afj-afa1 #bbe1 #bcc ,mecca1 #bca ,m$ia1 #abi ,m$9a1 #bcb ,melampus1 #cdd ,melior1 p>rot (1 #ef-eg ,m5elek1 ,emp]or1 #bbi ,m]oda*1 #abb ,metempsy*osis 7see ,transmigration7 ,mi*elet1 #cfd ,mill1 ,j4 ,s41 #abg ,millais1 ,guille1 #bdj ,milton1 ,john1 #bje ,m9otaur leg5d1 #cj ,mi?ra1 #abj1 #adg1 #aeh1 #ccf ,miv>t1 #ced ,modi1 ,jivanji ,jams$ji1 #de ,mohamm$anism1 #aji1 #acj1 #baf-bag1 #bba-bbb1 #bdh ,monkeys1 #cjf ,mono!ism1 #aah-abc1 #abh ,montaigne1 #ceb ,moral ,philosophy1 #cdf 8,morocco10 #bhc ,moslemism1 #bba-bcf ,moti 7tig] at ,lahore71 #bcf ,m\fflons1 #he ,muklag]ri ,hills1 #aga ,mule ( ! ,p>!non1 #ff-fg ,mungoose /ories1 #cjf-cjg1 #cji-caa ,murad1 ,sultan1 #bbc ,nanak1 ,baba1 #bja ,napi]1 ,"l1 ( ,magdala1 #caf ,naples1 gladiatorial %[s at1 #di ,natural ,hi/ory ,museum1 ,s4 ,k5s+ton1 #bdj ,natural ,hi/ory ,society1 ,bombay1 #de ,n$rotti1 !1 #ih ,ne-kil/-lass1 #ajb ,nemesianus1 #eg ,n5nig1 mosaic at1 #dg-dh ,neoli?ic ,age1 #ia-ib ,neoplatonism1 #cdd-cdf ,newman1 ,c>d9al1 #aa ,nibelung5li$1 #adj ,nirvana1 #agh1 #aij-aib ,nizami1 #bdc-bdd ,nob>nus1 #eb ,non-kill+ 7see ,ahimsa7 ,oakesmi?1 ,dr41 #fc ,octavius1 #cci ,odoric1 ,fra1 #aid-aif1 #cea ,odyssey1 #bc1 #be ,okubo1 #abb ,opp]t1 ,pr(4 ,jules1 #aah ,ori5tal ,prov]bs1 #afh ,ori5tali/s1 ,congress (1 #dg1 #afh ,orig51 #ad1 #cci1 #cdc ,orig9 ( man & animals1 #hd-hf ,orig9 ( ,species1 #he ,ormuzd1 #abd1 #abf ,orpheus1 #cb1 #bdf-bdg ,orphic sect1 #ca ,oseb]g1 #id ,ovid1 #ae ,owls1 #aab ,pahlavi1 #acd-ace ,paley1 #cfd ,pallas ,a!ne1 #aab ,pan*atantra1 !1 #cjg1 #caa ,p&ion1 ,k+ ( ,a!ns1 #cde ,p>adise ,lo/1 #bje ,p>is1 ,univ]sity (1 #cfc ,p>rots1 #ef-eg1 #cei ,p>sis1 food ( !1 #aai-abj2 burial cu/oms (1 #abd2 & ! ,ave/a1 #acc-ace2 & ! ,ard ,vrf1 #afd-afe ,p>!non1 !1 #ff-fg ,pascal1 #cef ,patmore1 ,cov5try1 #agd ,patmos1 ,se] (1 #afj ,paul ! ,h]mit1 #bed ,paulicians1 #cdf ,pausanias1 #ej-ea1 #abh1 #bgc ,pavia1 ,corte da1 #bhb ,peace 9 ,nature1 #baj-bab1 #bca-bcb1 #ccb-ccc ,pelicans1 leg5d (1 #ib ,p]eira1 ,gomez1 #ced ,p]icles1 #cj1 #ff ,p]sepolis1 #aba1 #acc ,p]sians ( ! elev5? c5tury1 #bih ,petr>*1 #di ,petronius1 #ea1 #eh ,philo1 #cdf ,philo/ratus1 #cch ,piet1 ,om1 #bdj ,pigs1 #aae1 #bcb ,p9d]1 #bid ,pius ,x41 #cdf ,plato1 #ae-af1 #bj ,pl9y1 #ff-fg1 #cec ,plot9us1 #cdd ,plut>*1 #de1 #fb-fi1 #gd1 #cec ,pluto1 #bj ,pod>ges1 #bf ,political ,regi/] 7#ahjb71 #cfj ,pompeii1 mosaic at1 #hc ,porphyry1 #bh1 #cci1 #cdd1 #cec ,portionuculo1 #bfj ,primatt1 ,humphry1 #cfb ,prome!us1 #fe ,prosecution ( animals1 #cdg-cea ,prov5ce1 #ij ,psalms1 quotation f1 #bai-bbj ,puni%m5t 9 ! ,ard ,vrf1 #afc-afd ,purgatory & animal inc>nation1 #ba ,py?agoreanism1 #ad-ae1 #cc-cd1 #ei-fj1 #gb1 #age1 #ccg1 #cdf ,qu>t5>y ,age1 #hf-hh ,qu9et1 d\>d1 #ceg-ceh ,raku%1 #bid-cjj ,raleigh1 ,sir ,walt]1 #bhc ,rav5na1 mosaic at1 #gc ,rav5s1 #bgb ,reason+ p[] ( animals1 #aeh-aei2 ,plut>*'s views on1 #fg-fi ,re9a*1 ,m4 ,s41 #hj1 #aja ,re9de] hunt]s1 #hf-hi1 #if2 & ! ,lapps1 #bhe ,religion ( ,plut>*1 #fc ,religions1 ,congress = ,hi/ory (1 #abj ,religi\s k 9 animals1 #gb-gd2 e>ly religions1 #ic ,r5an1 #bbe ,reptiles1 kill+ (1 #adi ,rville1 ,alb]t1 #acf ,rh9oc]oses1 #ea ,rickaby1 ,fa!r1 #cdf ,rig-,v$a1 #aac-aae1 #aag1 #aci ,romanes1 ,pr(essor1 #cef 8,rooh ,allah10 #bca ,roz9ante1 #bij ,ru/em1 #bid-cje ,sac]dotalism1 #afh ,sacontala1 #bcc-bcd ,sacr$ birds1 animals1 & reptiles1 #ajj-aja1 #ajd-aaj ,sacr$ c>pet1 #bbb1 #bbg ,sacrifices1 fun]al1 #ab-ac2 ,greek1 #bd-be2 bloodless1 #ca2 belief 91 #id2 ( dome/ic animals1 #ie-if2 ,gift & ,pact1 #if2 ,totemism1 #ig-ih2 ( ,p]sians1 #aai2 9 ! ,bundehe%1 #adc2 to ,homa1 #adh-adi2 = ,udra-kill+1 #aef2 ! 8,true ,sacrifice0 leg5d1 #ahc-ahd2 apo/olate = abolition ( animal1 #ccg ,sadi1 #bbe ,/4 ,an?ony1 #bed1 #bei ,/4 ,augu/9e1 #bgc1 #ccg ,/4 ,b]n>d1 #bef-beg ,/4 ,columba1 #bee ,/4 ,edw>d ! ,m>tyr1 #bgd ,/4 ,francis1 #gd1 #afg1 #bcd1 #beg-bfc ,/4 ,franois de ,sale1 #agh ,/4 ,james1 #ed ,/4 ,j]ome1 #bec-bed ,/4 ,josephat1 #bfa ,/4 ,juli51 t[n (1 #cdi-cej ,/4 ,m>culphe1 #bee ,/4 ,m>t91 #bei ,/4 ,paul1 #baa-bab ,/4 ,philip ,n]i1 #cdg ,/4 ,t]esa1 #ahd ,/4 ,?omas ,aqu9as1 #bge ,sa9t-,calais1 #bee ,sa9t-,hilaire1 ,ge(froy1 #ceh ,sakya ,muni1 #abi1 #afi1 #aig ,sama1 ,leg5d (1 #ccj-ccb ,sam5gan1 #bii-cja ,ssnians1 #aai1 #aci-adj ,satyricon1 #ea ,s*op5hau]1 #bjf1 #beh1 #cfa ,sebectigh91 #bdj-bda ,secundra ,orphanage1 #de ,semites 7see ,hebrews7 ,s5eca1 #ei-fa1 #hb ,s5sitive ,plant1 ,!1 #agd ,s]apeum1 #ajb ,s]apis1 #ccf ,s]p5t1 !1 #aaj-aaa ,se/ius1 #fa ,sev5 ,sleep]s ( ,ephesus1 #bbi-bcj ,%ah ,nameh1 #ada1 #bid1 #cja ,%akespe>e1 ,william1 #bef1 #bhb-bhc ,%e-wolves ( ,rome1 #dd-de ,%eba1 #bbh ,%eikh ( ,ts1 #ada ,%ughdad1 #cjc ,siam1 #aid ,siegemund & ,siegel9d1 #adj ,siegfri$1 #bid ,si5a1 #bjh ,sikhs1 #bja ,simurghs1 #bih ,sivi1 ,k+1 #cba-cbb ,smi?1 ,dr4 ,h4 ,p41 #aaj ,snakes1 9 ,india1 #bfe-bff2 & ! mungoose1 #cji-caa ,societies to protect animals1 #cef-cfj ,socrates1 #aef1 #afb ,sohrab1 #bii-cje ,solomon 9 ! ,valley ( ,ants1 #bbg ,soma1 #adh ,som]ville1 ,mrs41 #ajj ,sophocles1 #ij ,sotio1 #fj-fa ,s\!y1 ,rob]t1 #cfe-cff ,sro%1 #afb ,/able1 a sanctu>y1 #cje ,/ag1 fable ( a1 #cbf ,/atius1 #ec1 #ef-eg ,/el1 #hj ,/ev5son1 ,r4 ,l41 #aif ,/oics1 !1 #fe1 #ga ,/ork1 leg5d ( a1 #bee ,/range ,/ories f a ,*9ese ,/udio1 #cac ,/rauss1 #cfb-cfc ,sufism1 #bbe ,suicide 9 ,india1 #ahf 8,sultan10 #cab ,sumn]1 ,*>les1 #bha ,sutras1 #aa-ab ,suttees1 #ab ,swan-maid5s 7see ,aps>ases7 ,sw9e-fle%1 =bidd+ (1 #bcb ,sycamore-tree at ,mat>ea1 #bdh ,symma*us1 #eb-ec ,tahm9eh1 #cja1 #cjc ,talium51 #adb ,taoism1 #aje-ajf ,tat*i-l\-lun1 #cbf ,taylor1 ,john1 #bhc ,taylor1 ,canon ,isaac1 #ia ,temple1 build+1 #aba-abb2 ,ja9a temples1 #aga ,t5nyson1 #bif ,?aumaturgy1 #aha-ahc ,!baid1 #aha ,!ogony1 #abh ,!ophra/us1 #ef ,!ocritus1 #hc ,?omas1 ,pseudo-1 #bdh ,?ree ,m]*ants1 ,p>able ( !1 #agf ,tib]ius1 #fa ,tig]s 9 ,india1 #bfe-bfh1 #bgj-bgb ,tigress1 fable ( !1 #cbg ,times1 ,!1 #cfj ,tir?ak>as1 #agj-aga ,titus1 #eb ,tobias1 #ib-ic ,tobit's dog1 #aad ,todas1 #bhe ,torquemada1 #aea1 #cci ,totemism1 #if-ajb1 #ajg1 #bgb ,trans=mation1 #bgj-bhj ,transmigration1 #aa-ba1 #ahf-ahi1 #bfa ,tribal sy/em1 #abi ,triptolemus1 #cde ,troglodite ,age1 #hh-hi ,tru/y ,lydia1 #eh ,udra1 ! #aee-aef ,ulemas1 #bcd1 #bhh ,upani%ads1 #ab-ac ,uruguay1 #bih ,val5cia1 #bib ,v>ro1 #bge ,v>una1 #aaf ,v$as1 #ac-ad1 #bj1 #ic1 #aag-agh1 #ahc1 #bgi-bhj ,veget>ianism1 #afg1 #agb1 #aic ,velasquez's horse1 #bhd ,v5idd1 #acd1 #aeb1 #aef-aeg ,vespasian1 #ee ,vik+ %ip1 #ac1 #id ,v9ci1 ,leon>do da1 #cec ,virgil1 #be1 #bge1 #ccf ,visp]$1 #acd ,vivisection1 #bi1 #ceg ,voltaire1 #bdg1 #cef ,wal>ic1 #bee ,7-wolves1 #bgd-bgg1 #cea ,wildebee/ & ,om ,piet1 #bdj ,wit*craft 7see ,magic7 ,wolf1 !1 #adi1 #bfh1 #bgc-bgg ,wolf ( ,agobio1 #beg-beh ,wom5 & ,ja9ism1 #ahd-ahf ,wordswor?1 ,william1 #fe ,worms1 ,c\ncil (1 #cdh ,wu-hu1 #cad-cae ,wus9>a1 #cag-cai ,xan?us1 #bf-bh ,xantippus1 #gi ,x5ocrates1 #cj ,yama1 #bj1 #aeh1 #bjc1 #cbd ,yasna1 #acd-ace ,yogis1 leg5d ( two1 #bce ,yudi%?ira1 /ory (1 #cbb-cbd ,zal1 #bid-bif ,z>a?u/ra 7see ,zoroa/]7 ,ze*>iah's w>-horse1 #bhd ,z5d 7see ,ave/a7 ,zoolatry1 #add ,zoological ,my?ology1 #bij ,zoomorphism 9 ,egypt1 #ajb1 #cdj ,zork1 #adb ,zeus1 #be1 #bgc ,zoroa/]1 tea*+ (1 #aac1 #aah-abe1 #abi-afe1 #bbe ,,unw9 ,,bro!rs1 ,,limit$ ,,pr9t]s1 ,,wok+ ,,& ,,london ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,transcrib]'s note3 ,miss+ or obscur$ punctuation 0 sil5tly correct$4 ,typographical errors 7 sil5tly correct$4 ,inconsi/5t spell+ & hyph5ation 7 made consi/5t only :5 a pr$om9ant =m 0 f\nd 9 ?is book4 ,unpair$ d\ble quotation m>ks 7 left intact if correction 0 n obvi\s4