,,! ,,ev]la/+ ,,man ,,! ,,ev]la/+ ,,man ,,by ,g4 ,k4 ,,*e/]ton ,,hodd] ,,& ,,/\ghton ,,limit$ ,,london ,made & ,pr9t$ 9 ,great ,brita9 ,t4 & ,a4 ,,con/able ,,ltd41 ,pr9t]s1 ,ed9burgh ,,prefatory ,,note ,?is book ne$s a prelim9>y note t its scope be n misund]/ood4 ,! view sugge/$ is hi/orical r ?an !ological1 & does n deal directly ) a religi\s *ange :i* has be5 ! *ief ev5t ( my own life2 & ab\t :i* ,i am already writ+ a m purely controv]sial volume4 ,x is impossible1 ,i hope1 = any ,ca?olic to write any book on any subject1 above all ?is subject1 )\t %[+ t he is a ,ca?olic2 b ?is /udy is n specially conc]n$ ) ! diff]5ces betwe5 a ,ca?olic & a ,prote/ant4 ,mu* ( x is devot$ to _m sorts ( ,pagans r ?an any sort ( ,*ri/ians2 & its !sis is t ^? :o say t ,*ri/ /&s side by side ) simil> my?s1 & 8 religion side by side ) simil> religions1 are only repeat+ a v /ale =mula contradict$ by a v /rik+ fact4 ,to sugge/ ?is ,i h n ne$$ to g mu* beyond matt]s kn[n to u all2 ,i make no claim to le>n+2 & h to dep5d = "s ?+s1 z has r become ! fa%ion1 on ^? :o are m le>n$4 ,z ,i h m ?an once diff]$ f ,mr4 ,h4 ,g4 ,wells 9 8 view ( hi/ory1 x is ! m "r t ,i %\ld "h congratulate him on ! c\rage & con/ructive imag9ation :i* c>ri$ ?r\gh 8 va/ & v>i$ & int5sely int]e/+ "w2 b /ill m on hav+ ass]t$ ! reasonable "r ( ! amateur to d :at he c ) ! facts :i* ! speciali/s provide4 ,,cont5ts ,,page ,,introduction3 ,,! ,,plan ,,( ,,?is ,,book #c ,,"p ,i ,,on ,,! ,,creature ,,call$ ,,man ,,*ap4 ,i4 ,,! ,,man ,,9 ,,! ,,cave #ai ,,ii4 ,,pr(essors ,,& ,,prehi/oric ,,m5 #ci ,,iii4 ,,! ,,antiquity ,,( ,,civilisation #eh ,,iv4 ,,god ,,& ,,comp>ative ,,religion #hi ,v4 ,,man ,,& ,,my?ologies #aaa ,,vi4 ,,! ,,demons ,,& ,,! ,,philosoph]s #abi ,,vii4 ,,! ,,w> ,,( ,,! ,,gods ,,& ,,demons #aed ,,viii4 ,,! ,,end ,,( ,,! ,,_w #aga ,,"p ,,ii ,,on ,,! ,,man ,,call$ ,,*ri/ ,,*ap4 ,i4 ,,! ,,god ,,9 ,,! ,,cave #aia ,,ii4 ,,! ,,riddles ,,( ,,! ,,gospel #baa ,,iii4 ,,! ,,/range/ ,,/ory ,,9 ,,! ,,_w #bbg ,,iv4 ,,! ,,witness ,,( ,,! ,,h]etics #bde ,v4 ,,! ,,escape ,,f ,,paganism #bfg ,,vi4 ,,! ,,five ,,dea?s ,,( ,,! ,,fai? #bhh ,,conclusion3 ,,! ,,summ>y ,,( ,,?is ,,book #cjb ,,app5dix ,i43 ,,on ,,prehi/oric ,,man #cac ,,app5dix ,,ii43 ,,on ,,au?ority ,,& ,,accuracy #cae ,,introduction ,,! ,,plan ,,( ,,?is ,,book ,!re are two ways ( gett+ home2 & "o ( !m is to /ay !re4 ,! o!r is to walk r\nd ! :ole _w till we come back to ! same place2 & ,i tri$ to trace su* a j\rney 9 a /ory ,i once wrote4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 a relief to turn f t topic to ano!r /ory t ,i nev] wrote4 ,l e book ,i nev] wrote1 x is by f> ! be/ book ,i h ev] writt54 ,x is only too probable t ,i %all nev] write x1 s ,i w use x symbolically "h2 = x 0 a symbol ( ! same tru?4 ,i conceiv$ x z a romance ( ^? va/ valleys ) slop+ sides1 l ^? along :i* ! anci5t ,:ite ,horses ( ,wessex are scrawl$ along ! flanks ( ! hills4 ,x conc]n$ "s boy ^: f>m or cottage /ood on su* a slope1 & :o w5t on 8 travels to f9d some?+1 su* z ! effigy & grave ( "s giant2 & :5 he 0 f> en\gh f home he look$ back & saw t 8 own f>m & kit*5-g>d51 %9+ flat on ! hill-side l ! col\rs & qu>t]+s ( a %ield1 7 b p>ts ( "s su* gigantic figure1 on :i* he _h always liv$1 b :i* 0 too l>ge & too close to be se54 ,t1 ,i ?9k1 is a true picture ( ! progress ( any real indep5d5t intellig5ce to-day2 & t is ! po9t ( ?is book4 ,! po9t ( ?is book1 9 o!r words1 is t ! next be/ ?+ to be+ really inside ,*ri/5dom is to be really outside x4 ,& a p>ticul> po9t ( x is t ! popul> critics ( ,*ri/ianity are n really outside x4 ,!y are on a debatable gr\nd1 9 e s5se ( ! t]m4 ,!y are d\btful 9 _! v d\bts4 ,_! criticism has tak5 on a curi\s tone2 z ( a r&om & illit]ate heckl+4 ,?us !y make curr5t an anti-cl]ical cant z a sort ( small-talk4 ,!y w compla9 ( p>sons dress+ l p>sons2 z if we %\ld be any m free if all ! police :o %ad[$ or coll>$ u 7 pla9-clo!s detectives4 ,or !y w compla9 t a s]mon _c be int]rupt$1 & call a pulpit a c[>d's ca/le2 ?\gh !y d n call an editor's (fice a c[>d's ca/le4 ,x w\ld be unju/ bo? to j\rnali/s & prie/s2 b x w\ld be mu* tru] ( j\rnali/s4 ,! cl]gyman appe>s 9 p]son & c\ld easily be kick$ z he came out ( *ur*2 ! j\rnali/ conceals ev5 8 "n s t nobody c kick him4 ,!y write wild & po9tless articles & lett]s 9 ! press ab\t :y ! *ur*es are empty1 )\t ev5 go+ !re to f9d out if !y are empty1 or :i* ( !m are empty4 ,_! sugge/ions are m vapid & vacant ?an ! mo/ insipid curate 9 a ?ree-act f>ce1 & move u to com=t him aft] ! mann] ( ! curate 9 ! ,bab ,ballads2 #8,y\r m9d is n s blank z t ( ,hopley ,port]4' ,s we may truly say to ! v feeble/ cl]ic3 #8,y\r m9d is n s blank z t ( ,indignant ,layman or ,pla9 ,man or ,man 9 ! ,/reet1 or any ( y\r critics 9 ! newspap]s2 = !y h n ! mo/ %ad[y notion ( :at !y want !mselves1 let alone ( :at y ought to give !m4' ,!y w sudd5ly turn r\nd & revile ! ,*ur* = n hav+ prev5t$ ! ,w>1 :i* !y !mselves did n want to prev5t2 & :i* nobody _h ev] pr(ess$ to be able to prev5t1 except "s ( t v s*ool ( progressive & cosmopolitan sceptics :o are ! *ief enemies ( ! ,*ur*4 ,x 0 ! anti-cl]ical & agno/ic _w t 0 always prophesy+ ! adv5t ( univ]sal peace2 x is t _w t 01 or %\ld h be51 aba%$ & conf\nd$ by ! adv5t ( univ]sal w>4 ,z = ! g5]al view t ! ,*ur* 0 discr$it$ by ! ,w>--!y might z well say t ! ,ark 0 discr$it$ by ! ,flood4 ,:5 ! _w goes wrong1 x proves r t ! ,*ur* is "r4 ,! ,*ur* is ju/ifi$1 n because h] *ildr5 d n s91 b because !y d4 ,b t m>ks _! mood ab\t ! :ole religi\s tradition3 !y are 9 a /ate ( reaction aga9/ x4 ,x is well ) ! boy :5 he lives on 8 fa!r's l&2 & well ) him aga9 :5 he is f> en\gh f x to look back on x & see x z a :ole4 ,b ^! p h got into an int]m$iate /ate1 h fall5 into an int]v5+ valley f :i* !y c see nei!r ! heights beyond !m nor ! heights beh9d4 ,!y _c get out ( ! p5umbra ( ,*ri/ian controv]sy4 ,!y _c be ,*ri/ians & !y _c leave (f be+ ,anti-,*ri/ians4 ,_! :ole atmosph]e is ! atmosph]e ( a reaction3 sulks1 p]v]sity1 petty criticism4 ,!y /ill live 9 ! %ad[ ( ! fai? & h lo/ ! light ( ! fai?4 ,n[ ! be/ relation to our spiritual home is to be ne> en\gh to love x4 ,b ! next be/ is to be f> en\gh away n to hate x4 ,x is ! cont5tion ( ^! pages t :ile ! be/ judge ( ,*ri/ianity is a ,*ri/ian1 ! next be/ judge w\ld be some?+ m l a ,confucian4 ,! wor/ judge ( all is ! man n[ mo/ ready ) 8 judgm5ts2 ! ill-educat$ ,*ri/ian turn+ gradually into ! ill-temp]$ agno/ic1 entangl$ 9 ! end ( a feud ( :i* he nev] und]/ood ! beg9n+1 blight$ ) a sort ( h]$it>y bor$om ) he kn[s n :at1 & already we>y ( he>+ :at he has nev] he>d4 ,he does n judge ,*ri/ianity calmly z a ,confucian w\ld2 he does n judge x z he w\ld judge ,confucianism4 ,he _c by an ef=t ( fancy set ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* ?\s&s ( miles away 9 /range skies ( morn+ & judge x z imp>tially z a ,*9ese pagoda4 ,x is said t ! great ,/4 ,francis ,xavi]1 :o v ne>ly succe$$ 9 sett+ up ! ,*ur* !re z a t[] ov]topp+ all pagodas1 fail$ p>tly because 8 foll[]s 7 accus$ by _! fell[ mission>ies ( repres5t+ ! ,twelve ,apo/les ) ! g>b or attributes ( ,*9am54 ,b x w\ld be f> bett] to see !m z ,*9am51 & judge !m fairly z ,*9am51 ?an to see !m z featureless idols m]ely made to be batt]$ by iconocla/s2 or r z cock%ies to be pelt$ by empty-head$ cockneys4 ,x w\ld be bett] to see ! :ole ?+ z a remote ,asiatic cult2 ! mitres ( its bi%ops z ! t[]+ head-dresses ( my/]i\s bonzes2 its pa/oral /affs z ! /icks twi/$ l s]p5ts c>ri$ 9 "s ,asiatic procession2 to see ! pray]-book z fanta/ic z ! pray]-:eel & ! ,cross z crook$ z ! ,swa/ika4 ,!n at lea/ we %\ld n lose our temp] z "s ( ! sceptical critics seem to lose _! temp]1 n to m5tion _! wits4 ,_! anti-cl]icalism has become an atmosph]e1 an atmosph]e ( negation & ho/ility f :i* !y _c escape4 ,comp>$ ) t1 x w\ld be bett] to see ! :ole ?+ z some?+ belong+ to ano!r cont95t1 or to ano!r planet4 ,x w\ld be m philosophical to />e indiff]5tly at bonzes ?an to be p]petually & po9tlessly grumbl+ at bi%ops4 ,x w\ld be bett] to walk pa/ a *ur* z if x 7 a pagoda ?an to /& p]man5tly 9 ! por*1 impot5t ei!r to g inside & help or to g outside & =get4 ,= ^? 9 :om a m]e reaction has ?us become an obsession1 ,i d s]i\sly recomm5d ! imag9ative ef=t ( conceiv+ ! ,twelve ,apo/les z ,*9am54 ,9 o!r words1 ,i recomm5d ^! critics to try to d z mu* ju/ice to ,*ri/ian sa9ts z if !y 7 ,pagan sages4 ,b ) ?is we come to ! f9al & vital po9t4 ,i %all try to %[ 9 ^! pages t :5 we d make ?is imag9ative ef=t to see ! :ole ?+ f ! outside1 we f9d t x really looks l :at is traditionally said ab\t x inside4 ,x is exactly :5 ! boy gets f> en\gh (f to see ! giant t he sees t he really is a giant4 ,x is exactly :5 we d at la/ see ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* af> "u ^? cle> & level ea/]n skies t we see t x is really ! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/4 ,to put x %ortly1 ! mom5t we are really imp>tial ab\t x we "k :y p are p>tial to x4 ,b ?is second proposition requires m s]i\s discussion2 & ,i %all "h set myself to discuss x4 ,z soon z ,i _h cle>ly 9 my m9d ?is conception ( some?+ solid 9 ! solit>y & unique "* ( ! div9e /ory1 x /ruck me t !re 0 exactly ! same /range & yet solid "* 9 ! human /ory t _h l$ up to x2 because t human /ory also _h a root t 0 div9e4 ,i mean t j z ! ,*ur* seems to gr[ m rem>kable :5 x is fairly comp>$ ) ! common religi\s life ( mank9d1 s mank9d itself seems to gr[ m rem>kable :5 we comp>e x ) ! common life ( nature4 ,& ,i h notic$ t mo/ mod]n hi/ory is driv5 to some?+ l sophi/ry1 fir/ to s(t5 ! %>p transition f animals to m51 & !n to s(t5 ! %>p transition f hea!ns to ,*ri/ians4 ,n[ ! m we really read 9 a reali/ic _s ( ^? two transitions ! %>p] we %all f9d !m to be4 ,x is because ! critics are n deta*$ t !y d n see ?is deta*m5t2 x is because !y are n look+ at ?+s 9 a dry light t !y _c see ! diff]5ce betwe5 black & :ite4 ,x is because !y are 9 a p>ticul> mood ( reaction & revolt t !y h a motive = mak+ out t all ! :ite is dirty grey & ! black n s black z x is pa9t$4 ,i d n say !re are n human excuses = _! revolt2 ,i d n say x is n 9 "s ways sympa!tic2 :at ,i say is t x is n 9 any way sci5tific4 ,an iconocla/ may be indignant2 an iconocla/ may be ju/ly indignant2 b an iconocla/ is n imp>tial4 ,& x is />k hypocrisy to pret5d t n9e-t5?s ( ! high] critics & sci5tific evolutioni/s & pr(essors ( comp>ative religion are 9 ! lea/ imp>tial4 ,:y %\ld !y be imp>tial1 :at is be+ imp>tial1 :5 ! :ole _w is at w> ab\t :e!r "o ?+ is a dev\r+ sup]/ition or a div9e hope8 ,i d n pret5d to be imp>tial 9 ! s5se t ! f9al act ( fai? fixes a man's m9d because x satisfies 8 m9d4 ,b ,i d pr(ess to be a great deal m imp>tial ?an !y are2 9 ! s5se t ,i c tell ! /ory fairly1 ) "s sort ( imag9ative ju/ice to all sides2 & !y _c4 ,i d pr(ess to be imp>tial 9 ! s5se t ,i %\ld be a%am$ to talk su* nons5se ab\t ! ,lama ( ,?ibet z !y d ab\t ! ,pope ( ,rome1 or to h z little sympa?y ) ,julian ! ,apo/ate z !y h ) ! ,society ( ,jesus4 ,!y are n imp>tial2 !y nev] by any *ance hold ! hi/orical scales ev52 & above all !y are nev] imp>tial ^u ?is po9t ( evolution & transition4 ,!y sugge/ ev]y:]e ! grey gradations ( twilight1 because !y believe x is ! twilight ( ! gods4 ,i propose to ma9ta9 t :e!r or no x is ! twilight ( gods1 x is n ! daylight ( m54 ,i ma9ta9 t :5 br\ght out into ! daylight1 ^! two ?+s look altoge!r /range & unique2 & t x is only 9 ! false twilight ( an imag9>y p]iod ( transition t !y c be made to look 9 ! lea/ l any?+ else4 ,! fir/ ( ^! is ! creature call$ man1 & ! second is ! man call$ ,*ri/4 ,i h !re=e divid$ ?is book into two p>ts3 ! =m] be+ a sket* ( ! ma9 adv5ture ( ! human race 9 s f> z x rema9$ hea!n2 & ! second a summ>y ( ! real diff]5ce t 0 made by x becom+ ,*ri/ian4 ,bo? motives necessitate a c]ta9 me?od1 a me?od :i* is n v easy to manage1 & p]haps ev5 less easy to def9e or def5d4 ,9 ord] to /rike1 9 ! only sane or possible s5se1 ! note ( imp>tiality1 x is necess>y to t\* ! n]ve ( novelty4 ,i mean t 9 "o s5se we see ?+s fairly :5 we see !m fir/4 ,t1 ,i may rem>k 9 pass+1 is :y *ildr5 g5]ally h v little difficulty ab\t ! dogmas ( ! ,*ur*4 ,b ! ,*ur*1 be+ a highly practical ?+ = work+ & fight+1 is necess>ily a ?+ = m5 & n m]ely = *ildr54 ,!re mu/ be 9 x = work+ purposes a great deal ( tradition1 ( famili>ity1 & ev5 ( r\t9e4 ,s long z its fundam5tals are s9c]ely felt1 ?is may ev5 be ! san] condition4 ,b :5 its fundam5tals are d\bt$1 z at pres5t1 we mu/ try to recov] ! c&\r & wond] ( ! *ild2 ! unspoilt realism & objectivity ( innoc5ce4 ,or if we _c d t1 we mu/ try at lea/ to %ake (f ! cl\d ( m]e cu/om & see ! ?+ z new1 if only by see+ x z unnatural4 ,?+s t may well be famili> s long z famili>ity bre$s affection _h mu* bett] become unfamili> :5 famili>ity bre$s contempt4 ,= 9 connection ) ?+s s great z are "h consid]$1 :atev] our view ( !m1 contempt mu/ be a mi/ake4 ,inde$ contempt mu/ be an illusion4 ,we mu/ invoke ! mo/ wild & so>+ sort ( imag9ation2 ! imag9ation t c see :at is !re4 ,! only way to sugge/ ! po9t is by an example ( some?+1 inde$ ( almo/ any?+1 t has be5 consid]$ beautiful or wond]ful4 ,george ,wyndham once told me t he _h se5 "o ( ! fir/ a]oplanes rise = ! fir/ "t1 & x 0 v wond]ful2 b n s wond]ful z a horse all[+ a man to ride on him4 ,somebody else has said t a f9e man on a f9e horse is ! noble/ bodily object 9 ! _w4 ,n[1 s long z p feel ?is 9 ! "r way1 all is well4 ,! fir/ & be/ way ( appreciat+ x is to come ( p ) a tradition ( treat+ animals prop]ly2 ( m5 9 ! "r relation to horses4 ,a boy :o rememb]s 8 fa!r :o rode a horse1 :o rode x well & treat$ x well1 w "k t ! relation c be satisfactory & w be satisfi$4 ,he w be all ! m indignant at ! ill-treatm5t ( horses because he kn[s h[ !y ought to be treat$2 b he w see no?+ b :at is normal 9 a man rid+ on a horse4 ,he w n li/5 to ! great mod]n philosoph] :o expla9s to him t ! horse ought to be rid+ on ! man4 ,he w n pursue ! pessimi/ fancy ( ,swift & say t m5 mu/ be despis$ z monkeys1 & horses wor%ipp$ z gods4 ,& horse & man toge!r mak+ an image t is to him human & civilis$1 x w be easy1 z x 71 to lift horse & man toge!r into some?+ h]oic or symbolical2 l a vision ( ,/4 ,george 9 ! cl\ds4 ,! fable ( ! w+$ horse w n be :olly unnatural to him3 & he w "k :y ,ario/o set _m a ,*ri/ian h]o 9 su* an airy saddle1 & made him ! rid] ( ! sky4 ,= ! horse has really be5 lift$ up along ) ! man 9 ! wilde/ fa%ion 9 ! v ^w we use :5 we speak ( #8*ivalry4' ,! v "n ( ! horse has be5 giv5 to ! highe/ mood & mom5t ( ! man2 s t we might almo/ say t ! h&some/ complim5t to a man is to call him a horse4 ,b if a man has got into a mood 9 :i* he is n able to feel ?is sort ( wond]1 !n 8 cure mu/ beg9 "r at ! o!r end4 ,we mu/ n[ suppose t he has drift$ into a dull mood1 9 :i* somebody sitt+ on a horse means no m ?an somebody sitt+ on a *air4 ,! wond] ( :i* ,wyndham spoke1 ! beauty t made ! ?+ seem an eque/rian /atue1 ! mean+ ( ! m *ivalric horseman1 may h become to him m]ely a conv5tion & a bore4 ,p]haps !y h be5 m]ely a fa%ion2 p]haps !y h gone out ( fa%ion2 p]haps !y h be5 talk$ ab\t too mu* or talk$ ab\t 9 ! wrong way2 p]haps x 0 !n difficult to c>e = horses )\t ! horrible risk ( be+ horsy4 ,anyh[1 he has got into a condition :5 he c>es no m = a horse ?an = a t[el-horse4 ,8 gr&fa!r's *>ge at ,balaclava seems to him z dull & du/y z ! album conta9+ su* family portraits4 ,su* a p]son has n really become enlight5$ ab\t ! album2 on ! contr>y1 he has only become bl9d ) ! du/4 ,b :5 he has rea*$ t degree ( bl9dness1 he w n be able to look at a horse or a horseman at all until he has se5 ! :ole ?+ z a ?+ entirely unfamili> & almo/ une>?ly4 ,out ( "s d>k =e/ "u "s anci5t dawn !re mu/ come t[>ds u1 ) lumb]+ yet danc+ motions1 "o ( ! v que]e/ ( ! prehi/oric creatures4 ,we mu/ see = ! fir/ "t ! /rangely small head set on a neck n only long] b ?ick] ?an itself1 z ! face ( a g>goyle is ?ru/ out ^u a gutt]-sp\t1 ! "o disproportionate cre/ ( hair runn+ along ! ridge ( t heavy neck l a be>d 9 ! wrong place2 ! feet1 ea* l a solid club ( horn1 alone amid ! feet ( s _m cattle2 s t ! true fe> is to be f\nd 9 %[+ n ! clov5 b ! unclov5 ho(4 ,nor is x m]e v]bal fancy to see him ?us z a unique mon/]2 = 9 a s5se a mon/] means :at is unique1 & he is really unique4 ,b ! po9t is t :5 we ?us see him z ! fir/ man saw him1 we beg9 once m to h "s imag9ative s5se ( :at x meant :5 ! fir/ man rode him4 ,9 su* a dream he may seem ugly1 b he does n seem unimpressive2 & c]ta9ly t two-legg$ dw>f :o c\ld get on top ( him w n seem unimpressive4 ,by a long] & m erratic road we %all come back to ! same m>vel ( ! man & ! horse2 & ! m>vel w be1 if possible1 ev5 m m>vell\s4 ,we %all h aga9 a glimpse ( ,/4 ,george2 ! m glori\s because ,/4 ,george is n rid+ on ! horse1 b r rid+ on ! dragon4 ,9 ?is example1 :i* ,i h tak5 m]ely because x is an example1 x w be not$ t ,i d n say t ! nightm>e se5 by ! fir/ man ( ! =e/ is ei!r m true or m wond]ful ?an ! normal m>e ( ! /able se5 by ! civilis$ p]son :o c appreciate :at is normal4 ,( ! two extremes1 ,i ?9k on ! :ole t ! traditional grasp ( tru? is ! bett]4 ,b ,i say t ! tru? is f\nd at "o or o!r ( ^! two extremes1 & is lo/ 9 ! int]m$iate condition ( m]e fatigue & =getfulness ( tradition4 ,9 o!r words1 ,i say x is bett] to see a horse z a mon/] ?an to see x only z a sl[ sub/itute = a motor-c>4 ,if we h got into t /ate ( m9d ab\t a horse z some?+ /ale1 x is f> bett] to be fright5$ ( a horse because x is a good deal too fre%4 ,n[1 z x is ) ! mon/] t is call$ a horse1 s x is ) ! mon/] t is call$ a man4 ,( c\rse ! be/ condition ( all1 9 my op9ion1 is always to h reg>d$ man z he is reg>d$ 9 my philosophy4 ,he :o holds ! ,*ri/ian & ,ca?olic view ( human nature w feel c]ta9 t x is a univ]sal & !re=e a sane view1 & w be satisfi$4 ,b if he has lo/ ! sane vision1 he c only get x back by some?+ v l a mad vision2 t is1 by see+ man z a /range animal & realis+ h[ /range an animal he is4 ,b j z see+ ! horse z a prehi/oric prodigy ultimately l$ back to1 & n away f1 an admiration = ! ma/]y ( man1 s ! really deta*$ consid]ation ( ! curi\s c>e] ( man w lead back to1 & n away f1 ! anci5t fai? 9 ! d>k designs ( ,god4 ,9 o!r words1 x is exactly :5 we d see h[ que] ! quadrup$ is t we praise ! man :o m\nts him2 & exactly :5 we d see h[ que] ! bip$ is t we praise ! ,provid5ce t made him4 ,9 %ort1 x is ! purpose ( ?is introduction to ma9ta9 ?is !sis3 t x is exactly :5 we d reg>d man z an animal t we "k he is n an animal4 ,x is precisely :5 we d try to picture him z a sort ( horse on its h9d legs t we sudd5ly realise t he mu/ be some?+ z miracul\s z ! w+$ horse t t[]$ up into ! cl\ds ( heav54 ,all roads lead to ,rome1 all ways lead r\nd aga9 to ! c5tral & civilis$ philosophy1 includ+ ?is road ?r\gh elfl& & topsyturvydom4 ,b x may be t x is bett] nev] to h left ! l& ( a reasonable tradition1 :]e m5 ride lightly ^u horses & are mighty hunt]s be=e ! ,"l4 ,s also 9 ! specially ,*ri/ian case we h to react aga9/ ! heavy bias ( fatigue4 ,x is almo/ impossible to make ! facts vivid1 because ! facts are famili>2 & = fall5 m5 x is (t5 true t famili>ity is fatigue4 ,i am conv9c$ t if we c\ld tell ! sup]natural /ory ( ,*ri/ ^w = ^w z ( a ,*9ese h]o1 call him ! ,son ( ,heav5 in/ead ( ! ,son ( ,god1 & trace 8 ray$ nimbus 9 ! gold ?read ( ,*9ese embroid]ies or ! gold lacqu] ( ,*9ese pott]y in/ead ( 9 ! gold leaf ( our own old ,ca?olic pa9t+s1 !re w\ld be a unanim\s te/imony to ! spiritual purity ( ! /ory4 ,we %\ld he> no?+ !n ( ! inju/ice ( sub/itution or ! illogicality ( atonem5t1 ( ! sup]/iti\s exagg]ation ( ! burd5 ( s9 or ! impossible insol5ce ( an invasion ( ! laws ( nature4 ,we %\ld admire ! *ivalry ( ! ,*9ese conception ( a god :o fell f ! sky to fight ! dragons & save ! wick$ f be+ dev\r$ by _! own fault & folly4 ,we %\ld admire ! subtlety ( ! ,*9ese view ( life1 :i* p]ceives t all human imp]fection is 9 v tru? a cry+ imp]fection4 ,we %\ld admire ! ,*9ese esot]ic & sup]ior wisdom1 :i* said !re are high] cosmic laws ?an ! laws we "k2 we believe e common ,indian conjur] :o *ooses to come to u & talk 9 ! same /yle4 ,if ,*ri/ianity 7 only a new ori5tal fa%ion1 x w\ld nev] be reproa*$ ) be+ an old & ori5tal fai?4 ,i d n propose 9 ?is book to foll[ ! alleg$ example ( ,/4 ,francis ,xavi] ) ! opposite imag9ative int5tion1 & turn ! ,twelve ,apo/les into ,m&>9s2 n s mu* to make !m look l natives z to make !m look l =eign]s4 ,i d n propose to "w :at ,i believe w\ld be a completely successful practical joke2 t ( tell+ ! :ole /ory ( ! ,gospel & ! :ole hi/ory ( ! ,*ur* 9 a sett+ ( pagodas & pigtails2 & not+ ) malignant hum\r h[ mu* x 0 admir$ z a hea!n /ory 9 ! v qu>t]s :]e x is condemn$ z a ,*ri/ian /ory4 ,b ,i d propose to /rike :]ev] possible ?is note ( :at is new & /range1 & = t reason ! /yle ev5 on s s]i\s a subject may sometimes be delib]ately grotesque & fanciful4 ,i d desire to help ! read] to see ,*ri/5dom f ! outside 9 ! s5se ( see+ x z a :ole1 aga9/ ! backgr\nd ( o!r hi/oric ?+s2 j z ,i desire him to see humanity z a :ole aga9/ ! backgr\nd ( natural ?+s4 ,& ,i say t 9 bo? cases1 :5 se5 ?us1 !y /& out f _! backgr\nd l sup]natural ?+s4 ,!y d n fade into ! re/ ) ! col\rs ( impressionism2 !y /& out f ! re/ ) ! col\rs ( h]aldry2 z vivid z a r$ cross on a :ite %ield or a black lion on a gr\nd ( gold4 ,s /&s ! ,r$ ,clay aga9/ ! gre5 field ( nature1 or ! ,:ite ,*ri/ aga9/ ! r$ clay ( 8 race4 ,b 9 ord] to see !m cle>ly we h to see !m z a :ole4 ,we h to see h[ !y develop$ z well z h[ !y began2 = ! mo/ incr$ible "p ( ! /ory is t ?+s :i* began ?us %\ld h develop$ ?us4 ,any "o :o *ooses to indulge 9 m]e imag9ation c imag9e t o!r ?+s might h happ5$ or o!r entities evolv$4 ,any "o ?9k+ ( :at might h happ5$ may conceive a sort ( evolution>y equality2 b any "o fac+ :at did happ5 mu/ face an exception & a prodigy4 ,if !re 0 ev] a mom5t :5 man 0 only an animal1 we c if we *oose make a fancy picture ( 8 c>e] transf]r$ to "s o!r animal4 ,an ent]ta9+ fantasia might be made 9 :i* elephants built 9 elephant9e ar*itecture1 ) t[]s & turrets l tusks & trunks1 cities beyond ! scale ( any colossus4 ,a pleasant fable might be conceiv$ 9 :i* a c[ _h develop$ a co/ume1 & put on f\r boots & two pairs ( tr\s]s4 ,we c\ld imag9e a ,sup]monkey m m>vell\s ?an any ,sup]man1 a quadruman\s creature c>v+ & pa9t+ ) 8 h&s & cook+ & c>p5t]+ ) 8 feet4 ,b if we are consid]+ :at did happ51 we %all c]ta9ly decide t man has di/anc$ ev]y?+ else ) a di/ance l t ( ! a/ronomical spaces & a spe$ l t ( ! /ill ?und]bolt ( ! light4 ,& 9 ! same fa%ion1 :ile we c if we *oose see ! ,*ur* amid a mob ( ,mi?raic or ,mani*ean sup]/itions squabbl+ & kill+ ea* o!r at ! end ( ! ,empire1 :ile we c if we *oose imag9e ! ,*ur* kill$ 9 ! /ruggle & "s o!r *ance cult tak+ its place1 we %all be ! m surpris$ 7& possibly puzzl$7 if we meet x two ?\s& ye>s aft]w>ds ru%+ ?r\gh ! ages z ! w+$ ?und]bolt ( ?\ght & ev]la/+ en?usiasm2 a ?+ )\t rival or resemblance2 & /ill z new z x is old4 ,,"p ,i ,,on ,,! ,,creature ,,call$ ,,man ,,*apt] ,i ,,! ,,man ,,9 ,,! ,,cave ,f> away 9 "s /range con/ellation 9 skies inf9itely remote1 !re is a small />1 :i* a/ronom]s may "s day discov]4 ,at lea/ ,i c\ld nev] obs]ve 9 ! faces or demean\r ( mo/ a/ronom]s or m5 ( sci5ce any evid5ce t !y _h discov]$ x2 ?\gh z a matt] ( fact !y 7 walk+ ab\t on x all ! "t4 ,x is a /> t br+s =? out ( itself v /range plants & v /range animals2 & none /rang] ?an ! m5 ( sci5ce4 ,t at lea/ is ! way 9 :i* ,i %\ld beg9 a hi/ory ( ! _w if ,i _h to foll[ ! sci5tific cu/om ( beg9n+ ) an acc\nt ( ! a/ronomical univ]se4 ,i %\ld try to see ev5 ?is e>? f ! outside1 n by ! hackney$ insi/5ce ( its relative position to ! sun1 b by "s imag9ative ef=t to conceive its remote position = ! dehumanis$ spectator4 ,only ,i d n believe 9 be+ dehumanis$ 9 ord] to /udy humanity4 ,i d n believe 9 dwell+ ^u ! di/ances t are suppos$ to dw>f ! _w2 ,i ?9k !re is ev5 some?+ a trifle vulg> ab\t ?is idea ( try+ to rebuke _s by size4 ,& z ! fir/ idea is n feasible1 t ( mak+ ! e>? a /range planet s z to make x significant1 ,i w n /oop to ! o!r trick ( mak+ x a small planet 9 ord] to make x insignificant4 ,i w\ld r insi/ t we d n ev5 "k t x is a planet at all1 9 ! s5se 9 :i* we "k t x is a place2 & a v extraord9>y place too4 ,t is ! note :i* ,i wi% to /rike f ! fir/1 if n 9 ! a/ronomical1 !n 9 "s m famili> fa%ion4 ,"o ( my fir/ j\rnali/ic adv5tures1 or misadv5tures1 conc]n$ a comm5t on ,grant ,all51 :o _h writt5 a book ab\t ! ,evolution ( ! ,idea ( ,god4 ,i happ5$ to rem>k t x w\ld be mu* m int]e/+ if ,god wrote a book ab\t ! evolution ( ! idea ( ,grant ,all54 ,& ,i rememb] t ! editor object$ to my rem>k on ! gr\nd t x 0 blasphem\s2 :i* naturally amus$ me n a little4 ,= ! joke ( x 01 ( c\rse1 t x nev] occurr$ to him to notice ! title ( ! book itself1 :i* really 0 blasphem\s2 = x 01 :5 translat$ into ,engli%1 #8,i w %[ y h[ ?is nons5sical notion t !re is a ,god grew up among m54' ,my rem>k 0 /rictly pi\s & prop]2 confess+ ! div9e purpose ev5 9 its mo/ seem+ly d>k or mean+less manife/ations4 ,9 t h\r ,i le>n$ _m ?+s1 includ+ ! fact t !re is some?+ purely ac\/ic 9 mu* ( t agno/ic sort ( rev]5ce4 ,! editor _h n se5 ! po9t1 because 9 ! title ( ! book ! long ^w came at ! beg9n+ & ! %ort ^w at ! end2 :]eas 9 my comm5t ! %ort ^w came at ! beg9n+ & gave him a sort ( %ock4 ,i h notic$ t if y put a ^w l ,god into ! same s5t5ce ) a ^w l dog1 ^! abrupt & angul> words affect p l pi/ol-%ots4 ,:e!r y say t ,god made ! dog or ! dog made ,god does n seem to matt]2 t is only "o ( ! /]ile disputations ( ! too subtle !ologians4 ,b s long z y beg9 ) a long ^w l evolution ! re/ w roll h>mlessly pa/2 v probably ! editor _h n read ! :ole ( ! title1 = x is r a long title & he 0 r a busy man4 ,b ?is little incid5t has always l+]$ 9 my m9d z a sort ( p>able4 ,mo/ mod]n hi/ories ( mank9d beg9 ) ! ^w evolution1 & ) a r wordy exposition ( evolution1 = mu* ! same reason t op]at$ 9 ?is case4 ,!re is some?+ sl[ & soo?+ & gradual ab\t ! ^w & ev5 ab\t ! idea4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 x is n1 t\*+ ^! prim>y ?+s1 a v practical ^w or a v pr(itable idea4 ,nobody c imag9e h[ no?+ c\ld turn into some?+4 ,nobody c get an in* ne>] to x by expla9+ h[ some?+ c\ld turn into some?+ else4 ,x is really f> m logical to />t by say+ #8,9 ! beg9n+ ,god creat$ heav5 & e>?' ev5 if y only mean #8,9 ! beg9n+ "s un?9kable p[] began "s un?9kable process4' ,= ,god is by its nature a "n ( my/]y1 & nobody ev] suppos$ t man c\ld imag9e h[ a _w 0 creat$ any m ?an he c\ld create "o4 ,b evolution really is mi/ak5 = explanation4 ,x has ! fatal quality ( leav+ on _m m9ds ! impression t !y d und]/& x & ev]y?+ else2 j z _m ( !m live "u a sort ( illusion t !y h read ! ,orig9 ( ,species4 ,b ?is notion ( some?+ smoo? & sl[1 l ! asc5t ( a slope1 is a great "p ( ! illusion4 ,x is an illogicality z well z an illusion2 = sl[ness has really no?+ to d ) ! "q4 ,an ev5t is n any m intr9sically intelligible or un9telligible because ( ! pace at :i* x moves4 ,= a man :o does n believe 9 a miracle1 a sl[ miracle w\ld be j z incr$ible z a swift "o4 ,! ,greek wit* may h turn$ sailors to sw9e ) a /roke ( ! w&4 ,b to see a naval g5tleman ( our acqua9tance look+ a little m l a pig e day1 till he end$ ) f\r trott]s & a curly tail1 w\ld n be any m soo?+4 ,x might be r m creepy & uncanny4 ,! m$ieval wiz>d may h fl[n ?r\gh ! air f ! top ( a t[]2 b to see an old g5tleman walk+ ?r\gh ! air1 9 a leisurely & l\ng+ mann]1 w\ld /ill seem to call = "s explanation4 ,yet !re runs ?r\gh all ! rationali/ic treatm5t ( hi/ory ?is curi\s & confus$ idea t difficulty is avoid$1 or ev5 my/]y elim9at$1 by dwell+ on m]e delay or on some?+ dilatory 9 ! processes ( ?+s4 ,!re w be some?+ to be said ^u p>ticul> examples else:]e2 ! "q "h is ! false atmosph]e ( facility & ease giv5 by ! m]e sugge/ion ( go+ sl[2 ! sort ( com=t t might be giv5 to a n]v\s old woman travell+ = ! fir/ "t 9 a motor-c>4 ,mr4 ,h4 ,g4 ,wells has confess$ to be+ a prophet2 & 9 ?is matt] he 0 a prophet at 8 own exp5se4 ,x is curi\s t 8 fir/ fairy-tale 0 a complete answ] to 8 la/ book ( hi/ory4 ,! ,"t ,ma*9e de/roy$ 9 advance all com=table conclusions f\nd$ on ! m]e relativity ( "t4 ,9 t sublime nightm>e ! h]o saw trees %oot up l gre5 rockets1 & vegetation spread visibly l a gre5 conflagration1 or ! sun %oot across ! sky f ea/ to we/ ) ! swiftness ( a meteor4 ,yet 9 8 s5se ^! ?+s 7 q z natural :5 !y w5t swiftly2 & 9 our s5se !y are q z sup]natural :5 !y g sl[ly4 ,! ultimate "q is :y !y g at all2 & anybody :o really und]/&s t "q w "k t x always has be5 & always w be a religi\s "q2 or at any rate a philosophical or metaphysical "q4 ,& mo/ c]ta9ly he w n ?9k ! "q answ]$ by "s sub/itution ( gradual = abrupt *ange2 or1 9 o!r words1 by a m]ely relative "q ( ! same /ory be+ spun out or rattl$ rapidly ?r\gh1 z c be done ) any /ory at a c9ema by turn+ a h&le4 ,n[ :at is ne$$ = ^! problems ( primitive exi/5ce is some?+ m l a primitive _s4 ,9 call+ up ?is vision ( ! fir/ ?+s1 ,i w\ld ask ! read] to make ) me a sort ( exp]im5t 9 simplicity4 ,& by simplicity ,i d n mean /upidity1 b r ! sort ( cl>ity t sees ?+s l life r ?an words l evolution4 ,= ?is purpose x w\ld really be bett] to turn ! h&le ( ! ,"t ,ma*9e a little m quickly & see ! grass gr[+ & ! trees spr++ up into ! sky1 if t exp]im5t c\ld contract & conc5trate & make vivid ! up%ot ( ! :ole affair4 ,:at we "k1 9 a s5se 9 :i* we "k no?+ else1 is t ! trees & ! grass did gr[ & t a numb] ( o!r extraord9>y ?+s d 9 fact happ52 t que] creatures support !mselves 9 ! empty air by beat+ x ) fans ( v>i\s fanta/ic %apes2 t o!r que] creatures /e] !mselves ab\t alive "u a load ( mighty wat]s2 t o!r que] creatures walk ab\t on f\r legs1 & t ! que]e/ creature ( all walks ab\t on two4 ,^! are ?+s & n !ories2 & comp>$ ) !m evolution & ! atom & ev5 ! sol> sy/em are m]ely !ories4 ,! matt] "h is "o ( hi/ory & n ( philosophy2 s t x ne$ only be not$ t no philosoph] d5ies t a my/]y /ill atta*es to ! two great transitions3 ! orig9 ( ! univ]se itself & ! orig9 ( ! pr9ciple ( life itself4 ,mo/ philosoph]s h ! enlight5m5t to add t a ?ird my/]y atta*es to ! orig9 ( man himself4 ,9 o!r words1 a ?ird bridge 0 built across a ?ird abyss ( ! un?9kable :5 !re came into ! _w :at we call reason & :at we call w4 ,man is n m]ely an evolution b r a revolution4 ,t he has a backbone or o!r p>ts ^u a simil> patt]n to birds & fi%es is an obvi\s fact1 :atev] be ! mean+ ( ! fact4 ,b if we attempt to reg>d him1 z x 71 z a quadrup$ /&+ on 8 h9d legs1 we %all f9d :at foll[s f> m fanta/ic & subv]sive ?an if he 7 /&+ on 8 head4 ,i w take "o example to s]ve = an introduction to ! /ory ( man4 ,x illu/rates :at ,i mean by say+ t a c]ta9 *ildi% directness is ne$$ to see ! tru? ab\t ! *ildhood ( ! _w4 ,x illu/rates :at ,i mean by say+ t a mixture ( popul> sci5ce & j\rnali/ic j>gon has confus$ ! facts ab\t ! fir/ ?+s1 s t we _c see :i* ( !m really comes fir/4 ,x illu/rates1 ?\gh only 9 "o conv5i5t illu/ration1 all t ,i mean by ! necessity ( see+ ! %>p diff]5ces t give its %ape to hi/ory1 in/ead ( be+ subm]g$ 9 all ^! g5]alisations ab\t sl[ness & sam5ess4 ,= we d inde$ require1 9 ,mr4 ,wells's phrase1 an outl9e ( hi/ory4 ,b we may v5ture to say1 9 ,mr4 ,mantal9i's phrase1 t ?is evolution>y hi/ory has no outl9e or is a demd outl9e4 ,b1 above all1 x illu/rates :at ,i mean by say+ t ! m we really look at man z an animal1 ! less he w look l "o4 ,to-day all our novels & newspap]s w be f\nd sw>m+ ) numb]less allusions to a popul> "* call$ a ,cave-,man4 ,he seems to be q famili> to u1 n only z a public "* b z a private "*4 ,8 psy*ology is s]i\sly tak5 into acc\nt 9 psy*ological fiction & psy*ological m$ic9e4 ,s f> z ,i c und]/&1 8 *ief occupation 9 life 0 knock+ 8 wife ab\t1 or treat+ wom5 9 g5]al ) :at is1 ,i believe1 kn[n 9 ! _w ( ! film z #8r\gh /uff4' ,i h nev] happ5$ to come ^u ! evid5ce = ?is idea2 & ,i d n "k on :at primitive di>ies or prehi/oric divorce-reports x is f\nd$4 ,nor1 z ,i h expla9$ else:]e1 h ,i ev] be5 able to see ! probability ( x1 ev5 consid]$ a priori4 ,we are always told )\t any explanation or au?ority t primitive man wav$ a club & knock$ ! woman d[n be=e he c>ri$ h] (f4 ,b on e animal analogy1 x w\ld seem an almo/ morbid mode/y & reluctance1 on ! "p ( ! lady1 always to insi/ on be+ knock$ d[n be=e cons5t+ to be c>ri$ (f4 ,& ,i repeat t ,i c nev] compreh5d :y1 :5 ! male 0 s v rude1 ! female %\ld h be5 s v ref9$4 ,! cave-man may h be5 a brute1 b !re is no reason :y he %\ld h be5 m brutal ?an ! brutes4 ,& ! loves ( ! giraffes & ! riv] romances ( ! hippopotami are effect$ )\t any ( ?is prelim9>y fracas or %9dy4 ,! cave-man may h be5 no bett] ?an ! cave-be>2 b ! *ild %e-be>1 s fam\s 9 hymnology1 is n tra9$ ) any su* bias = sp9/]hood4 ,9 %ort1 ^! details ( ! dome/ic life ( ! cave puzzle me ^u ei!r ! evolution>y or ! /atic hypo!sis2 & 9 any case ,i %\ld l to look into ! evid5ce = !m2 b un=tunately ,i h nev] be5 able to f9d x4 ,b ! curi\s ?+ is ?is3 t :ile t5 ?\s& tongues ( m or less sci5tific or lit]>y gossip seem$ to be talk+ at once ab\t ?is un=tunate fell[1 "u ! title ( ! cave-man1 ! "o connection 9 :i* x is really relevant & s5sible to talk ab\t him z ! cave-man has be5 comp>atively neglect$4 ,p h us$ ?is loose t]m 9 tw5ty loose ways2 b !y h nev] ev5 look$ at _! own t]m = :at c\ld really be le>n$ f x4 ,9 fact1 p h be5 int]e/$ 9 ev]y?+ ab\t ! cave-man except :at he did 9 ! cave4 ,n[ !re does happ5 to be "s real evid5ce ( :at he did 9 ! cave4 ,x is little en\gh1 l all ! prehi/oric evid5ce1 b x is conc]n$ ) ! real cave-man & 8 cave & n ! lit]>y cave-man & 8 club4 ,& x w be valuable to our s5se ( reality to consid] q simply :at t real evid5ce is1 & n to g beyond x4 ,:at 0 f\nd 9 ! cave 0 n ! club1 ! horrible gory club not*$ ) ! numb] ( wom5 x _h knock$ on ! head4 ,! cave 0 n a ,bluebe>d's ,*amb] fill$ ) ! skeletons ( slaught]$ wives2 x 0 n fill$ ) female skulls all arrang$ 9 r[s & all crack$ l eggs4 ,x 0 some?+ q unconnect$1 "o way or ! o!r1 ) all ! mod]n phrases & philosophical implications & lit]>y rum\rs :i* confuse ! :ole "q = u4 ,& if we wi% to see z x really is ?is au!ntic glimpse ( ! morn+ ( ! _w1 x w be f> bett] to conceive ev5 ! /ory ( its discov]y z "s su* leg5d ( ! l& ( morn+4 ,x w\ld be f> bett] to tell ! tale ( :at 0 really f\nd z simply z ! tale ( h]oes f9d+ ! ,gold5 ,fleece or ! ,g>d5s ( ! ,hesp]ides1 if we c\ld s escape f a fog ( controv]sial !ories into ! cle> col\rs & clean-cut outl9es ( su* a dawn4 ,! old epic poets at lea/ knew h[ to tell a /ory1 possibly a tall /ory b nev] a twi/$ /ory1 nev] a /ory tortur$ out ( its own %ape to fit !ories & philosophies inv5t$ c5turies aft]w>ds4 ,x w\ld be well if mod]n inve/igators c\ld describe _! discov]ies 9 ! bald n>rative /yle ( ! e>lie/ travell]s1 & )\t any ( ^! long allusive words t are full ( irrelevant implication & sugge/ion4 ,!n we might realise exactly :at we d "k ab\t ! cave-man1 or at any rate ab\t ! cave4 ,a prie/ & a boy ent]$ "s "t ago a holl[ 9 ! hills & pass$ into a sort ( subt]ranean tunnel t l$ into a labyr9? ( su* seal$ & secret corridors ( rock4 ,!y crawl$ ?r\gh cracks t seem$ almo/ impassable1 !y crept ?r\gh tunnels t might h be5 made = moles1 !y dropp$ into holes z hopeless z wells1 !y seem$ to be bury+ !mselves alive sev5 times ov] beyond ! hope ( resurrection4 ,?is is b ! commonplace ( all su* c\rage\s exploration2 b :at is ne$$ "h is "s "o :o %all put su* /ories 9 ! prim>y light1 9 :i* !y are n commonplace4 ,!re is1 = in/ance1 some?+ /rangely symbolic 9 ! accid5t t ! fir/ intrud]s into t sunk5 _w 7 a prie/ & a boy1 ! types ( ! antiquity & ( ! y\? ( ! _w4 ,b "h ,i am ev5 m conc]n$ ) ! symbolism ( ! boy ?an ) t ( ! prie/4 ,nobody :o rememb]s boyhood ne$s to be told :at x might be to a boy to ent] l ,pet] ,pan "u a ro( ( ! roots ( all ! trees & g deep] & deep]1 till he rea* :at ,william ,morris call$ ! v roots ( ! m\nta9s4 ,suppose somebody1 ) t simple & unspoilt realism t is a "p ( innoc5ce1 to pursue t j\rney to its end1 n = ! sake ( :at he c\ld d$uce or demon/rate 9 "s du/y magaz9e controv]sy1 b simply = ! sake ( :at he c\ld see4 ,:at he did see at la/ 0 a cav]n s f> f ! light ( day t x might h be5 ! leg5d>y ,domdaniel cav]n t 0 "u ! floor ( ! sea4 ,?is secret *amb] ( rock1 :5 illum9at$ aft] its long night ( unnumb]$ ages1 reveal$ on its walls l>ge & sprawl+ outl9es div]sifi$ ) col\r$ e>?s2 & :5 !y foll[$ ! l9es ( !m !y recognis$1 across t va/ & void ( ages1 ! movem5t & ! ge/ure ( a man's h&4 ,!y 7 draw+s or pa9t+s ( animals2 & !y 7 drawn or pa9t$ n only by a man b by an arti/4 ,"u :atev] ar*aic limitations1 !y %[$ t love ( ! long sweep+ or ! long wav]+ l9e :i* any man :o has ev] drawn or tri$ to draw w recognise2 & ab\t :i* no arti/ w all[ himself to be contradict$ by any sci5ti/4 ,!y %[$ ! exp]im5tal & adv5tur\s _s ( ! arti/1 ! _s t does n avoid b attempt difficult ?+s2 z :]e ! draughtsman _h repres5t$ ! action ( ! /ag :5 he sw+s 8 head clean r\nd & noses t[>ds 8 tail1 an action famili> en\gh 9 ! horse4 ,b !re are _m mod]n animal-pa9t]s :o w\ld set !mselves some?+ ( a task 9 r5d]+ x truly4 ,9 ?is & tw5ty o!r details x is cle> t ! arti/ _h wat*$ animals ) a c]ta9 int]e/ & presumably a c]ta9 pleasure4 ,9 t s5se x w\ld seem t he 0 n only an arti/ b a naturali/2 ! sort ( naturali/ :o is really natural4 ,n[ x is ne$less to note1 except 9 pass+1 t !re is no?+ :atev] 9 ! atmosph]e ( t cave to sugge/ ! bleak & pessimi/ic atmosph]e ( t j\rnali/ic cave ( ! w9ds1 t bl[s & bell[s ab\t u ) c\ntless e*oes conc]n+ ! cave-man4 ,s f> z any human "* c be h9t$ at by su* traces ( ! pa/1 t human "* is q human & ev5 humane4 ,x is c]ta9ly n ! ideal ( an inhuman "*1 l ! ab/raction invok$ 9 popul> sci5ce4 ,:5 noveli/s & educationi/s & psy*ologi/s ( all sorts talk ab\t ! cave-man1 !y nev] conceive him 9 connection ) any?+ t is really 9 ! cave4 ,:5 ! reali/ ( ! sex novel writes1 #8,r$ sp>ks danc$ 9 ,dagm> ,d\bl$ick's bra92 he felt ! _s ( ! cave-man ris+ )9 him1' ! noveli/'s read]s w\ld be v mu* disappo9t$ if ,dagm> only w5t (f & drew l>ge pictures ( c[s on ! draw+-room wall4 ,:5 ! psy*oanaly/ writes to a pati5t1 #8,! subm]g$ in/9cts ( ! cave-man are d\btless prompt+ y to gratify a viol5t impulse1' he does n ref] to ! impulse to pa9t 9 wat]-col\rs2 or to make consci5ti\s /udies ( h[ cattle sw+ _! heads :5 !y graze4 ,yet we d "k = a fact t ! cave-man did ^! mild & innoc5t ?+s2 & we h n ! mo/ m9ute speck ( evid5ce t he did any ( ! viol5t & f]oci\s ?+s4 ,9 o!r words1 ! cave-man z commonly pres5t$ to u is simply a my? or r a muddle2 = a my? has at lea/ an imag9ative outl9e ( tru?4 ,! :ole ( ! curr5t way ( talk+ is simply a confusion & a misund]/&+1 f\nd$ on no sort ( sci5tific evid5ce & valu$ only z an excuse = a v mod]n mood ( an>*y4 ,if any g5tleman wants to knock a woman ab\t1 he c surely be a cad )\t tak+ away ! "* ( ! cave-man1 ab\t :om we "k next to no?+ except :at we c ga!r f a few h>mless & pleas+ pictures on a wall4 ,b ?is is n ! po9t ab\t ! pictures or ! p>ticul> moral "h to be drawn f !m4 ,t moral is some?+ mu* l>g] & simpl]1 s l>ge & simple t :5 x is fir/ /at$ x w s\nd *ildi%4 ,& inde$ x is 9 ! highe/ s5se *ildi%2 & t is :y ,i h 9 ?is apologue 9 "s s5se se5 x ?r\gh ! eyes ( a *ild4 ,x is ! bigge/ ( all ! facts really fac+ ! boy 9 ! cav]n2 & is p]haps too big to be se54 ,if ! boy 0 "o ( ! flock ( ! prie/1 x may be presum$ t he _h be5 tra9$ 9 a c]ta9 quality ( common s5se2 t common s5se t (t5 comes to u 9 ! =m ( tradition4 ,9 t case he w\ld simply recognise ! primitive man's "w z ! "w ( a man1 int]e/+ b 9 no way incr$ible 9 be+ primitive4 ,he w\ld see :at 0 !re to see2 & he w\ld n be tempt$ into see+ :at 0 n !re1 by any evolution>y excitem5t or fa%ionable speculation4 ,if he _h he>d ( su* ?+s he w\ld admit1 ( c\rse1 t ! speculations might be true & 7 n incompatible ) ! facts t 7 true4 ,! arti/ may h _h ano!r side to 8 "* besides t :i* he has alone left on record 9 8 works ( art4 ,! primitive man may h tak5 a pleasure 9 beat+ wom5 z well z 9 draw+ animals2 all we c say is t ! draw+s record ! "o b n ! o!r4 ,x may be true t :5 ! cave-man's f9i%$ jump+ on 8 "m1 or 8 wife z ! case may be1 he loves to he> ! little brook a-gurgl+1 & also to wat* ! de] z !y come d[n to dr9k at ! brook4 ,^! ?+s are n impossible1 b !y are irrelevant4 ,! common s5se ( ! *ild c\ld conf9e itself to le>n+ f ! facts :at ! facts h to tea*2 & ! pictures 9 ! cave are v ne>ly all ! facts !re are4 ,s f> z t evid5ce goes1 ! *ild w\ld be ju/ifi$ 9 assum+ t a man _h repres5t$ animals ) rock & r$ o*re = ! same reason z he himself 0 9 ! habit ( try+ to repres5t animals ) *>coal & r$ *alk4 ,! man _h drawn a /ag j z ! *ild _h drawn a horse2 because x 0 fun4 ,! man _h drawn a /ag ) 8 head turn$ z ! *ild _h drawn a pig ) 8 eyes %ut2 because x 0 difficult4 ,! *ild & ! man1 be+ bo? human1 w\ld be unit$ by ! bro!rhood ( m52 & ! bro!rhood ( m5 is ev5 nobl] :5 x bridges ! abyss ( ages ?an :5 x bridges only ! *asm ( class4 ,b anyh[ he w\ld see no evid5ce ( ! cave-man ( crude evolutionism2 because !re is none to be se54 ,if somebody told him t ! pictures _h all be5 drawn by ,/4 ,francis ( ,assisi out ( pure & sa9tly love ( animals1 !re w\ld be no?+ 9 ! cave to contradict x4 ,inde$ ,i once knew a lady :o half-humor\sly sugge/$ t ! cave 0 a cr*e1 9 :i* ! babies 7 put to be specially safe1 & t col\r$ animals 7 drawn on ! walls to amuse !m2 v mu* z diagrams ( elephants & giraffes adorn a mod]n infant s*ool4 ,& ?\gh ?is 0 b a je/1 x does draw att5tion to "s ( ! o!r assumptions t we make only too readily4 ,! pictures d n prove ev5 t ! cave-m5 liv$ 9 caves1 any m ?an ! discov]y ( a w9e-cell> 9 ,balham 7long aft] t suburb _h be5 de/roy$ by human or div9e wra?7 w\ld prove t ! ,victorian middle classes liv$ entirely und]gr\nd4 ,! cave might h _h a special purpose l ! cell>2 x might h be5 a religi\s %r9e or a refuge 9 w> or ! meet+-place ( a secret society or all sorts ( ?+s4 ,b x is q true t its arti/ic decoration has mu* m ( ! atmosph]e ( a nurs]y ?an ( any ( ^! nightm>es ( an>*ical fury & fe>4 ,i h conceiv$ a *ild z /&+ 9 ! cave2 & x is easy to conceive any *ild1 mod]n or immeasurably remote1 z mak+ a liv+ ge/ure z if to pat ! pa9t$ bea/s ^u ! wall4 ,9 t ge/ure !re is a =e%ad[+1 z we %all see lat]1 ( ano!r cav]n & ano!r *ild4 ,b suppose ! boy _h n be5 taught by a prie/ b by a pr(essor1 by "o ( ! pr(essors :o simplify ! relation ( m5 & bea/s to a m]e evolution>y v>iation4 ,suppose ! boy saw himself1 ) ! same simplicity & s9c]ity1 z a m]e ,m[gli runn+ ) ! pack ( nature & r\ghly indi/+ui%able f ! re/ save by a relative & rec5t v>iation4 ,:at w\ld be = him ! simple/ lesson ( t /range /one picture-book8 ,aft] all1 x w\ld come back to ?is2 t he _h dug v deep & f\nd ! place :]e a man _h drawn a picture ( a re9de]4 ,b he w\ld dig a good deal deep] be=e he f\nd a place :]e a re9de] _h drawn a picture ( a man4 ,t s\nds l a truism1 b 9 ?is connection x is really a v trem5d\s tru?4 ,he might desc5d to dep?s un?9kable1 he might s9k into sunk5 cont95ts z /range z remote />s1 he might f9d himself 9 ! inside ( ! _w z f> f m5 z ! o!r side ( ! moon2 he might see 9 ^? cold *asms or colossal t]races ( /one1 trac$ 9 ! fa9t hi]oglyphic ( ! fossil1 ! ru9s ( lo/ dyna/ies ( biological life1 r l ! ru9s ( successive creations & sep>ate univ]ses ?an ! /ages 9 ! /ory ( "o4 ,he w\ld f9d ! trail ( mon/]s bl9dly develop+ 9 directions outside all our common imag]y ( fi% & bird2 grop+ & grasp+ & t\*+ life ) e extravagant elongation ( horn & tongue & t5tacle2 gr[+ a =e/ ( fanta/ic c>icatures ( ! claw & ! f9 & ! f+]4 ,b n[h]e w\ld he f9d "o f+] t _h trac$ "o significant l9e ^u ! s&2 n[h]e "o claw t _h ev5 begun to scrat* ! fa9t sugge/ion ( a =m4 ,to all appe>ance1 ! ?+ w\ld be z un?9kable 9 all ^? c\ntless cosmic v>iations ( =gott5 aeons z x w\ld be 9 ! bea/s & birds be=e our eyes4 ,! *ild w\ld no m expect to see x ?an to see ! cat scrat* on ! wall a v9dictive c>icature ( ! dog4 ,! *ildi% common s5se w\ld keep ! mo/ evolution>y *ild f expect+ to see any?+ l t2 yet 9 ! traces ( ! rude & rec5tly evolv$ ance/ors ( humanity he w\ld h se5 exactly t4 ,x mu/ surely /rike him z /range t m5 s remote f him %\ld be s ne>1 & t bea/s s ne> to him %\ld be s remote4 ,to 8 simplicity x mu/ seem at lea/ odd t he c\ld n f9d any trace ( ! beg9n+ ( any arts among any animals4 ,t is ! simple/ lesson to le>n 9 ! cav]n ( ! col\r$ pictures2 only x is too simple to be le>nt4 ,x is ! simple tru? t man does diff] f ! brutes 9 k9d & n 9 degree2 & ! pro( ( x is "h2 t x s\nds l a truism to say t ! mo/ primitive man drew a picture ( a monkey1 & t x s\nds l a joke to say t ! mo/ intellig5t monkey drew a picture ( a man4 ,some?+ ( division & disproportion has appe>$2 & x is unique4 ,art is ! signature ( man4 ,t is ! sort ( simple tru? ) :i* a /ory ( ! beg9n+s ought really to beg94 ,! evolutioni/ /&s />+ 9 ! pa9t$ cav]n at ! ?+s t are too l>ge to be se5 & too simple to be und]/ood4 ,he tries to d$uce all sorts ( o!r indirect & d\btful ?+s f ! details ( ! pictures1 because he _c see ! prim>y significance ( ! :ole2 ?9 & !oretical d$uctions ab\t ! abs5ce ( religion or ! pres5ce ( sup]/ition2 ab\t tribal gov]nm5t & hunt+ & human sacrifice & heav5 kn[s :at4 ,9 ! next *apt] ,i %all try to trace 9 a little m detail ! mu* disput$ "q ab\t ^! prehi/oric orig9s ( human ideas & especially ( ! religi\s idea4 ,"h ,i am only tak+ ?is "o case ( ! cave z a sort ( symbol ( ! simpl] sort ( tru? ) :i* ! /ory ought to />t4 ,:5 all is said1 ! ma9 fact t ! record ( ! re9de] m5 atte/s1 along ) all o!r records1 is t ! re9de] man c\ld draw & ! re9de] c\ld n4 ,if ! re9de] man 0 z mu* an animal z ! re9de]1 x 0 all ! m extraord9>y t he c\ld d :at all o!r animals c\ld n4 ,if he 0 an ord9>y product ( biological gr[?1 l any o!r bea/ or bird1 !n x is all ! m extraord9>y t he 0 n 9 ! lea/ l any o!r bea/ or bird4 ,he seems r m sup]natural z a natural product ?an z a sup]natural "o4 ,b ,i h begun ?is /ory 9 ! cave1 l ! cave ( ! speculations ( ,plato1 because x is a sort ( model ( ! mi/ake ( m]ely evolution>y introductions & prefaces4 ,x is useless to beg9 by say+ t ev]y?+ 0 sl[ & smoo? & a m]e matt] ( developm5t & degree4 ,= 9 a pla9 matt] l ! pictures !re is 9 fact n a trace ( any su* developm5t or degree4 ,monkeys did n beg9 pictures & m5 f9i% !m2 ,pi!can?ropus did n draw a re9de] badly & ,homo ,sapi5s draw x well4 ,! high] animals did n draw bett] & bett] portraits2 ! dog did n pa9t bett] 9 8 be/ p]iod ?an 9 8 e>ly bad mann] z a jackal2 ! wild horse 0 n an ,impressioni/ & ! race-horse a ,po/-,impressioni/4 ,all we c say ( ?is notion ( reproduc+ ?+s 9 %ad[ or repres5tative %ape is t x exi/s n[h]e 9 nature except 9 man2 & t we _c ev5 talk ab\t x )\t treat+ man z some?+ sep>ate f nature4 ,9 o!r words1 e sane sort ( hi/ory mu/ beg9 ) man z man1 a ?+ /&+ absolute & alone4 ,h[ he came !re1 or inde$ h[ any?+ else came !re1 is a ?+ = !ologians & philosoph]s & sci5ti/s & n = hi/orians4 ,b an excell5t te/ case ( ?is isolation & my/]y is ! matt] ( ! impulse ( art4 ,?is creature 0 truly diff]5t f all o!r creatures2 because he 0 a creator z well z a creature4 ,no?+ 9 t s5se c\ld be made 9 any o!r image b ! image ( man4 ,b ! tru? is s true t1 ev5 9 ! abs5ce ( any religi\s belief1 x mu/ be assum$ 9 ! =m ( "s moral or metaphysical pr9ciple4 ,9 ! next *apt] we %all see h[ ?is pr9ciple applies to all ! hi/orical hypo!ses & evolution>y e?ics n[ 9 fa%ion2 to ! orig9s ( tribal gov]nm5t or my?ological belief4 ,b ! cle>e/ & mo/ conv5i5t example to />t ) is ?is popul> "o ( :at ! cave-man really did 9 8 cave4 ,x means t someh[ or o!r a new ?+ _h appe>$ 9 ! cav]n\s night ( nature2 a m9d t is l a mirror4 ,x is l a mirror because x is truly a ?+ ( reflection4 ,x is l a mirror because 9 x alone all ! o!r %apes c be se5 l %9+ %ad[s 9 a vision4 ,above all1 x is l a mirror because x is ! only ?+ ( its k9d4 ,o!r ?+s may resemble x or resemble ea* o!r 9 v>i\s ways2 o!r ?+s may excel x or excel ea* o!r 9 v>i\s ways2 j z 9 ! furniture ( a room a table may be r\nd l a mirror or a cupbo>d may be l>g] ?an a mirror4 ,b ! mirror is ! only ?+ t c conta9 !m all4 ,man is ! microcosm2 man is ! measure ( all ?+s2 man is ! image ( ,god4 ,^! are ! only real lessons to be le>nt 9 ! cave1 & x is "t to leave x = ! op5 road4 ,x w be well 9 ?is place1 h[ev]1 to sum up once & = all :at is meant by say+ t man is at once ! exception to ev]y?+ & ! mirror & ! measure ( all ?+s4 ,b to see man z he is1 x is necess>y once m to keep close to t simplicity t c cle> itself ( accumulat$ cl\ds ( sophi/ry4 ,! simple/ tru? ab\t man is t he is a v /range be+2 almo/ 9 ! s5se ( be+ a /rang] on ! e>?4 ,9 all sobriety1 he has mu* m ( ! ext]nal appe>ance ( "o br++ ali5 habits f ano!r l& ?an ( a m]e gr[? ( ?is "o4 ,he has an unfair advantage & an unfair disadvantage4 ,he _c sleep 9 8 own sk92 he _c tru/ 8 own in/9cts4 ,he is at once a creator mov+ miracul\s h&s & f+]s & a k9d ( cripple4 ,he is wrapp$ 9 artificial b&ages call$ clo!s2 he is propp$ on artificial crut*es call$ furniture4 ,8 m9d has ! same d\btful lib]ties & ! same wild limitations4 ,alone among ! animals1 he is %ak5 ) ! beautiful madness call$ laught]2 z if he _h caught sight ( "s secret 9 ! v %ape ( ! univ]se hidd5 f ! univ]se itself4 ,alone among ! animals he feels ! ne$ ( av]t+ 8 ?\ghts f ! root realities ( 8 own bodily be+2 ( hid+ !m z 9 ! pres5ce ( "s high] possibility :i* creates ! my/]y ( %ame4 ,:e!r we praise ^! ?+s z natural to man or abuse !m z artificial 9 nature1 !y rema9 9 ! same s5se unique4 ,?is is realis$ by ! :ole popul> in/9ct call$ religion1 until di/urb$ by p$ants1 especially ! labori\s p$ants ( ! ,simple ,life4 ,! mo/ sophi/ical ( all sophi/s are ,gymnosophi/s4 ,x is n natural to see man z a natural product4 ,x is n common s5se to call man a common object ( ! c\ntry or ! sea%ore4 ,x is n see+ /raight to see him z an animal4 ,x is n sane4 ,x s9s aga9/ ! light2 aga9/ t broad daylight ( proportion :i* is ! pr9ciple ( all reality4 ,x is rea*$ by /ret*+ a po9t1 by mak+ out a case1 by artificially select+ a c]ta9 light & %ade1 by br++ into prom95ce ! less] or l[] ?+s :i* may happ5 to be simil>4 ,! solid ?+ /&+ 9 ! sunlight1 ! ?+ we c walk r\nd & see f all sides1 is q diff]5t4 ,x is also q extraord9>y2 & ! m sides we see ( x ! m extraord9>y x seems4 ,x is emphatically n a ?+ t foll[s or fl[s naturally f any?+ else4 ,if we imag9e t an inhuman or imp]sonal intellig5ce c\ld h felt f ! fir/ ! g5]al nature ( ! non-human _w suffici5tly to see t ?+s w\ld evolve 9 :atev] way !y did evolve1 !re w\ld h be5 no?+ :atev] 9 all t natural _w to prep>e su* a m9d = su* an unnatural novelty4 ,to su* a m9d1 man w\ld mo/ c]ta9ly n h seem$ some?+ l "o h]d out ( a hundr$ h]ds f9d+ ri*] pa/ure2 or "o swall[ out ( a hundr$ swall[s mak+ a summ] "u a /range sky4 ,x w\ld n be 9 ! same scale & sc>cely 9 ! same dim5sion4 ,we might z truly say t x w\ld n be 9 ! same univ]se4 ,x w\ld be m l see+ "o c[ out ( a hundr$ c[s sudd5ly jump ov] ! moon or "o pig out ( a hundr$ pigs gr[ w+s 9 a fla% & fly4 ,x w\ld n be a "q ( ! cattle f9d+ _! own graz+-gr\nd b ( _! build+ _! own cattle-%$s1 n a "q ( "o swall[ mak+ a summ] b ( 8 mak+ a summ]-h\se4 ,= ! v fact t birds d build ne/s is "o ( ^? simil>ities t %>p5 ! />tl+ diff]5ce4 ,! v fact t a bird c get z f> z build+ a ne/1 & _c get any f>!r1 proves t he has n a m9d z man has a m9d2 x proves x m completely ?an if he built no?+ at all4 ,if he built no?+ at all1 he might possibly be a philosoph] ( ! ,quieti/ or ,buddhi/ic s*ool1 indiff]5t to all b ! m9d )94 ,b :5 he builds z he does build & is satisfi$ & s+s al\d ) satisfaction1 !n we "k !re is really an invisible veil l a pane ( glass betwe5 him & u1 l ! w9d[ on :i* a bird w beat 9 va94 ,b suppose our ab/ract onlook] saw "o ( ! birds beg9 to build z m5 build4 ,suppose 9 an incr$ibly %ort space ( "t !re 7 sev5 /yles ( ar*itecture = "o /yle ( ne/4 ,suppose ! bird c>efully select$ =k$ twigs & po9t$ leaves to express ! pi]c+ piety ( ,go?ic1 b turn$ to broad foliage & black mud :5 he s\ght 9 a d>k] mood to call up ! heavy columns ( ,bel & ,a%t>o?2 mak+ 8 ne/ inde$ "o ( ! hang+ g>d5s ( ,babylon4 ,suppose ! bird made little clay /atues ( birds celebrat$ 9 lett]s or politics & /uck !m up 9 front ( ! ne/4 ,suppose t "o bird out ( a ?\s& birds began to d "o ( ! ?\s& ?+s t man _h already done ev5 9 ! morn+ ( ! _w2 & we c be q c]ta9 t ! onlook] w\ld n reg>d su* a bird z a m]e evolution>y v>iety ( ! o!r birds2 he w\ld reg>d x z a v fe>ful wild-f[l inde$2 possibly z a bird ( ill-om51 c]ta9ly z an om54 ,t bird w\ld tell ! augurs1 n ( some?+ t w\ld happ51 b ( some?+ t _h happ5$4 ,t some?+ w\ld be ! appe>ance ( a m9d ) a new dim5sion ( dep?2 a m9d l t ( man4 ,if !re be no ,god1 no o!r m9d c\ld conceivably h =ese5 x4 ,n[1 z a matt] ( fact1 !re is n a %ad[ ( evid5ce t ?is ?+ 0 evolv$ at all4 ,!re is n a p>ticle ( pro( t ?is transition came sl[ly1 or ev5 t x came naturally4 ,9 a /rictly sci5tific s5se1 we simply "k no?+ :atev] ab\t h[ x grew1 or :e!r x grew1 or :at x is4 ,!re may be a brok5 trail ( /ones & bones fa9tly sugge/+ ! developm5t ( ! human body4 ,!re is no?+ ev5 fa9tly sugge/+ su* a developm5t ( ?is human m9d4 ,x 0 n & x 02 we "k n 9 :at in/ant or 9 :at inf9ity ( ye>s4 ,some?+ happ5$2 & x has all ! appe>ance ( a transaction outside "t4 ,x has !re=e no?+ to d ) hi/ory 9 ! ord9>y s5se4 ,! hi/orian mu/ take x or some?+ l x = grant$2 x is n 8 bus9ess z a hi/orian to expla9 x4 ,b if he _c expla9 x z a hi/orian1 he w n expla9 x z a biologi/4 ,9 nei!r case is !re any disgrace to him 9 accept+ x )\t expla9+ x2 = x is a reality1 & hi/ory & biology deal ) realities4 ,he is q ju/ifi$ 9 calmly confront+ ! pig ) w+s & ! c[ t jump$ ov] ! moon1 m]ely because !y h happ5$4 ,he c reasonably accept man z a freak1 because he accepts man z a fact4 ,he c be p]fectly com=table 9 a crazy & disconnect$ _w1 or 9 a _w t c produce su* a crazy & disconnect$ ?+4 ,= reality is a ?+ 9 :i* we c all repose1 ev5 if x h>dly seems relat$ to any?+ else4 ,! ?+ is !re2 & t is en\gh = mo/ ( u4 ,b if we d inde$ want to "k h[ x c conceivably h come !re1 if we d inde$ wi% to see x relat$ reali/ically to o!r ?+s1 if we d insi/ on see+ x evolv$ be=e our v eyes f an environm5t ne>] to its own nature1 !n assur$ly x is to v diff]5t ?+s t we mu/ g4 ,we mu/ /ir v /range memories & return to v simple dreams if we desire "s orig9 t c make man o!r ?an a mon/]4 ,we %all h discov]$ v diff]5t causes be=e he becomes a creature ( causation2 & invok$ o!r au?ority to turn him into some?+ reasonable1 or ev5 into any?+ probable4 ,t way lies all t is at once awful & famili> & =gott51 ) dreadful faces ?rong$ & fi]y arms4 ,we c accept man z a fact1 if we are cont5t ) an unexpla9$ fact4 ,we c accept him z an animal1 if we c live ) a fabul\s animal4 ,b if we mu/ ne$s h sequ5ce & necessity1 !n inde$ we mu/ provide a prelude & cresc5do ( m\nt+ miracles1 t u%]$ 9 ) un?9kable ?und]s 9 all ! sev5 heav5s ( ano!r ord]1 a man may be an ord9>y ?+4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,pr(essors ,,& ,,prehi/oric ,,m5 ,sci5ce is weak ab\t ^! prehi/oric ?+s 9 a way t has h>dly be5 notic$4 ,! sci5ce ^: mod]n m>vels we all admire succe$s by incessantly add+ to its data4 ,9 all practical inv5tions1 9 mo/ natural discov]ies1 x c always increase evid5ce by exp]im5t4 ,b x _c exp]im5t 9 mak+ m52 or ev5 9 wat*+ to see :at ! fir/ m5 make4 ,an inv5tor c advance /ep by /ep 9 ! con/ruction ( an a]oplane1 ev5 if he is only exp]im5t+ ) /icks & scraps ( metal 9 8 own back-y>d4 ,b he _c wat* ! ,miss+ ,l9k evolv+ 9 8 own back-y>d4 ,if he has made a mi/ake 9 8 calculations1 ! a]oplane w correct x by cra%+ to ! gr\nd4 ,b if he has made a mi/ake ab\t ! arboreal habitat ( 8 ance/or1 he _c see 8 arboreal ance/or fall+ (f ! tree4 ,he _c keep a cave-man l a cat 9 ! back-y>d & wat* him to see :e!r he does really practise cannibalism or c>ry (f 8 mate on ! pr9ciples ( m>riage by capture4 ,he _c keep a tribe ( primitive m5 l a pack ( h\nds & notice h[ f> !y are influ5c$ by ! h]d in/9ct4 ,if he sees a p>ticul> bird behave 9 a p>ticul> way1 he c get o!r birds & see if !y behave 9 t way2 b if he f9ds a skull1 or ! scrap ( a skull1 9 ! holl[ ( a hill1 he _c multiply x into a vision ( ! valley ( dry bones4 ,9 deal+ ) a pa/ t has almo/ entirely p]i%$1 he c only g by evid5ce & n by exp]im5t4 ,& !re is h>dly en\gh evid5ce to be ev5 evid5tial4 ,?us :ile mo/ sci5ce moves 9 a sort ( curve1 be+ con/antly correct$ by new evid5ce1 ?is sci5ce flies (f into space 9 a /raight l9e uncorrect$ by any?+4 ,b ! habit ( =m+ conclusions1 z !y c really be =m$ 9 m fruitful fields1 is s fix$ 9 ! sci5tific m9d t x _c resi/ talk+ l ?is4 ,x talks ab\t ! idea sugge/$ by "o scrap ( bone z if x 7 some?+ l ! a]oplane :i* is con/ruct$ at la/ out ( :ole scrap-heaps ( scraps ( metal4 ,! tr\ble ) ! pr(essor ( ! prehi/oric is t he _c scrap 8 scrap4 ,! m>vell\s & triumphant a]oplane is made out ( a hundr$ mi/akes4 ,! /ud5t ( orig9s c only make "o mi/ake & /ick to x4 ,we talk v truly ( ! pati5ce ( sci5ce2 b 9 ?is dep>tm5t x w\ld be tru] to talk ( ! impati5ce ( sci5ce4 ,ow+ to ! difficulty above describ$1 ! !ori/ is 9 f> too mu* ( a hurry4 ,we h a s]ies ( hypo!ses s ha/y t !y may well be call$ fancies1 & _c 9 any case be fur!r correct$ by facts4 ,! mo/ empirical an?ropologi/ is "h z limit$ z an antiqu>y4 ,he c only cl+ to a fragm5t ( ! pa/ & has no way ( increas+ x = ! future4 ,he c only clut* 8 fragm5t ( fact1 almo/ z ! primitive man clut*$ 8 fragm5t ( fl9t4 ,& inde$ he does deal ) x 9 mu* ! same way & = mu* ! same reason4 ,x is 8 tool & 8 only tool4 ,x is 8 weapon & 8 only weapon4 ,he (t5 wields x ) a fanaticism f> 9 excess ( any?+ %[n by m5 ( sci5ce :5 !y c collect m facts f exp]i5ce & ev5 add new facts by exp]im5t4 ,sometimes ! pr(essor ) 8 bone becomes almo/ z dang]\s z a dog ) 8 bone4 ,& ! dog at lea/ does n d$uce a !ory f x1 prov+ t mank9d is go+ to ! dogs--or t x came f !m4 ,= in/ance1 ,i h po9t$ out ! difficulty ( keep+ a monkey & wat*+ x evolve into a man4 ,exp]im5tal evid5ce ( su* an evolution be+ impossible1 ! pr(essor is n cont5t to say 7z mo/ ( u w\ld be ready to say7 t su* an evolution is likely en\gh anyh[4 ,he produces 8 little bone1 or little collection ( bones1 & d$uces ! mo/ m>vell\s ?+s f x4 ,he f\nd 9 ,java a "p ( a skull1 seem+ by its cont\r to be small] ?an ! human4 ,some:]e ne> x he f\nd an upright ?igh-bone1 & 9 ! same scatt]$ fa%ion "s tee? t 7 n human4 ,if !y all =m "p ( "o creature1 :i* is d\btful1 our conception ( ! creature w\ld be almo/ equally d\btful4 ,b ! effect on popul> sci5ce 0 to produce a complete & ev5 complex figure1 f9i%$ d[n to ! la/ details ( hair & habits4 ,he 0 giv5 a "n z if he 7 an ord9>y hi/orical "*4 ,p talk$ ( ,pi!can?ropus z ( ,pitt or ,fox or ,napoleon4 ,popul> hi/ories publi%$ portraits ( him l ! portraits ( ,*>les ! ,fir/ & ,george ! ,f\r?4 ,a detail$ draw+ 0 reproduc$1 c>efully %ad$1 to %[ t ! v hairs ( 8 head 7 all numb]$4 ,no un9=m$ p]son look+ at its c>efully l9$ face & wi/ful eyes w\ld imag9e = a mom5t t ?is 0 ! portrait ( a ?igh-bone2 or ( a few tee? & a fragm5t ( a cranium4 ,9 ! same way p talk$ ab\t him z if he 7 an individual ^: influ5ce & "* 7 famili> to u all4 ,i h j read a /ory 9 a magaz9e ab\t ,java1 & h[ mod]n :ite inhabitants ( t isl& are prevail$ on to misbehave !mselves by ! p]sonal influ5ce ( poor old ,pi!can?ropus4 ,t ! mod]n inhabitants ( ,java misbehave !mselves ,i c v readily believe2 b ,i d n imag9e t !y ne$ any enc\ragem5t f ! discov]y ( a few highly d\btful bones4 ,anyh[1 ^? bones are f> too few & fragm5t>y & dubi\s to fill up ! :ole ( ! va/ void t does 9 reason & 9 reality lie betwe5 man & 8 be/ial ance/ors1 if !y 7 8 ance/ors4 ,on ! assumption ( t evolution>y connection 7a connection :i* ,i am n 9 ! lea/ conc]n$ to d5y71 ! really arre/+ & rem>kable fact is ! comp>ative abs5ce ( any su* rema9s record+ t connection at t po9t4 ,! s9c]ity ( ,d>w9 really admitt$ ?is2 & t is h[ we came to use su* a t]m z ! ,miss+ ,l9k4 ,b ! dogmatism ( ,d>w9ians has be5 too /rong = ! agno/icism ( ,d>w92 & m5 h ins5sibly fall5 into turn+ ?is entirely negative t]m into a positive image4 ,!y talk ( se>*+ = ! habits & habitat ( ! ,miss+ ,l9k2 z if "o 7 to talk ( be+ on fri5dly t]ms ) ! gap 9 a n>rative or ! hole 9 an argum5t1 ( tak+ a walk ) a non-sequitur or d9+ ) an undi/ribut$ middle4 ,9 ?is sket*1 !re=e1 ( man 9 8 relation to c]ta9 religi\s & hi/orical problems1 ,i %all wa/e no fur!r space on ^! speculations on ! nature ( man be=e he became man4 ,8 body may h be5 evolv$ f ! brutes2 b we "k no?+ ( any su* transition t ?r[s ! smalle/ light ^u 8 s\l z x has %[n itself 9 hi/ory4 ,un=tunately ! same s*ool ( writ]s pursue ! same /yle ( reason+ :5 !y come to ! fir/ real evid5ce ab\t ! fir/ real m54 ,/rictly speak+ ( c\rse we "k no?+ ab\t prehi/oric man1 = ! simple reason t he 0 prehi/oric4 ,! hi/ory ( prehi/oric man is a v obvi\s contradiction 9 t]ms4 ,x is ! sort ( unreason 9 :i* only rationali/s are all[$ to indulge4 ,if a p>son _h casually obs]v$ t ! ,flood 0 ant$iluvian1 x is possible t he might be a little *aff$ ab\t 8 logic4 ,if a bi%op 7 to say t ,adam 0 ,preadamite1 we might ?9k x a little odd4 ,b we are n suppos$ to notice su* v]bal trifles :5 sceptical hi/orians talk ( ! "p ( hi/ory t is prehi/oric4 ,! tru? is t !y are us+ ! t]ms hi/oric & prehi/oric )\t any cle> te/ or def9ition 9 _! m9ds4 ,:at !y mean is t !re are traces ( human lives be=e ! beg9n+ ( human /ories2 & 9 t s5se we d at lea/ "k t humanity 0 be=e hi/ory4 ,human civilisation is old] ?an human records4 ,t is ! sane way ( /at+ our relations to ^! remote ?+s4 ,humanity has left examples ( its o!r arts e>li] ?an ! art ( writ+2 or at lea/ ( any writ+ t we c read4 ,b x is c]ta9 t ! primitive arts 7 arts2 & x is 9 e way probable t ! primitive civilisations 7 civilisations4 ,! man left a picture ( ! re9de]1 b he did n leave a n>rative ( h[ he hunt$ ! re9de]2 & !re=e :at we say ( him is hypo!sis & n hi/ory4 ,b ! art he did practise 0 q arti/ic2 8 draw+ 0 q intellig5t1 & !re is no reason to d\bt t 8 /ory ( ! hunt w\ld be q intellig5t1 only if x exi/s x is n intelligible4 ,9 %ort1 ! prehi/oric p]iod ne$ n mean ! primitive p]iod1 9 ! s5se ( ! b>b>ic or be/ial p]iod4 ,x does n mean ! "t be=e civilisation or ! "t be=e arts & crafts4 ,x simply means ! "t be=e any connect$ n>ratives t we c read4 ,?is does inde$ make all ! practical diff]5ce betwe5 remembrance & =getfulness2 b x is p]fectly possible t !re 7 all sorts ( =gott5 =ms ( civilisation1 z well z all sorts ( =gott5 =ms ( b>b>ism4 ,& 9 any case ev]y?+ indicat$ t _m ( ^! =gott5 or half-=gott5 social /ages 7 mu* m civilis$ & mu* less b>b>ic ?an is vulg>ly imag9$ to-day4 ,b ev5 ab\t ^! unwritt5 hi/ories ( humanity1 :5 humanity 0 q c]ta9ly human1 we c only conjecture ) ! greate/ d\bt & caution4 ,& un=tunately d\bt & caution are ! la/ ?+s commonly enc\rag$ by ! loose evolutionism ( curr5t culture4 ,= t culture is full ( curiosity2 & ! "o ?+ t x _c endure is ! agony ( agno/icism4 ,x 0 9 ! ,d>w9ian age t ! ^w fir/ became kn[n & ! ?+ fir/ became impossible4 ,x is necess>y to say pla9ly t all ?is ignorance is simply cov]$ by impud5ce4 ,/atem5ts are made s pla9ly & positively t m5 h h>dly ! moral c\rage to pause ^u !m & f9d t !y are )\t support4 ,! o!r day a sci5tific summ>y ( ! /ate ( a prehi/oric tribe began confid5tly ) ! words #8,!y wore no clo!s4' ,n "o read] 9 a hundr$ probably /opp$ to ask himself h[ we %\ld come to "k :e!r clo!s _h once be5 worn by p ( :om ev]y?+ has p]i%$ except a few *ips ( bone & /one4 ,x 0 d\btless hop$ t we %\ld f9d a /one hat z well z a /one hat*et4 ,x 0 evid5tly anticipat$ t we might discov] an ev]la/+ pair ( tr\s]s ( ! same sub/ance z ! ev]la/+ rock4 ,b to p]sons ( a less sangu9e temp]am5t x w be imm$iately app>5t t p might we> simple g>m5ts1 or ev5 highly ornam5tal g>m5ts1 )\t leav+ any m traces ( !m ?an ^! p h left4 ,! plait+ ( ru%es & grasses1 = in/ance1 might h become m & m elaborate )\t 9 ! lea/ becom+ m et]nal4 ,"o civilisation might specialise 9 ?+s t happ5$ to be p]i%able1 l weav+ & embroid]+1 & n 9 ?+s t happ5 to be m p]man5t1 l ar*itecture & sculpture4 ,!re h be5 pl5ty ( examples ( su* speciali/ societies4 ,a man ( ! future f9d+ ! ru9s ( our factory ma*9]y might z fairly say t we 7 acqua9t$ ) iron & ) no o!r sub/ance2 & ann\nce ! discov]y t ! proprietor & manag] ( ! factory und\bt$ly walk$ ab\t nak$--or possibly wore iron hats & tr\s]s4 ,x is n cont5d$ "h t ^! primitive m5 did we> clo!s any m ?an !y did weave ru%es2 b m]ely t we h n en\gh evid5ce to "k :e!r !y did or n4 ,b x may be wor? :ile to look back = a mom5t at "s ( ! v few ?+s t we d "k & t !y did d4 ,if we consid] !m1 we %all c]ta9ly n f9d !m inconsi/5t ) su* ideas z dress & decoration4 ,we d n "k :e!r !y decorat$ !mselves2 b we d "k t !y decorat$ o!r ?+s4 ,we d n "k :e!r !y _h embroid]ies1 & if !y _h1 ! embroid]ies c\ld n be expect$ to h rema9$4 ,b we d "k t !y did h pictures2 & ! pictures h rema9$4 ,& !re rema9s ) !m1 z already sugge/$1 ! te/imony to some?+ t is absolute & unique2 t belongs to man & to no?+ else except man2 t is a diff]5ce ( k9d & n a diff]5ce ( degree4 ,a monkey does n draw clumsily & a man clev]ly2 a monkey does n beg9 ! art ( repres5tation & a man c>ry x to p]fection4 ,a monkey does n d x at all2 he does n beg9 to d x at all2 he does n beg9 to beg9 to d x at all4 ,a l9e ( "s k9d is cross$ be=e ! fir/ fa9t l9e c beg94 ,ano!r di/+ui%$ writ]1 aga91 9 comm5t+ on ! cave-draw+s attribut$ to ! neoli?ic m5 ( ! re9de] p]iod1 said t none ( _! pictures appe>$ to h any religi\s purpose2 & he seem$ almo/ to inf] t !y _h no religion4 ,i c h>dly imag9e a ?9n] ?read ( argum5t ?an ?is :i* recon/ructs ! v inmo/ moods ( ! prehi/oric m9d f ! fact t somebody :o has scrawl$ a few sket*es on a rock1 f :at motive we d n "k1 = :at purpose we d n "k1 act+ "u :at cu/oms or conv5tions we d n "k1 may possibly h f\nd x easi] to draw re9de]s ?an to draw religion4 ,he may h drawn x because x 0 8 religi\s symbol4 ,he may h drawn x because x 0 n 8 religi\s symbol4 ,he may h drawn any?+ except 8 religi\s symbol4 ,he may h drawn 8 real religi\s symbol some:]e else2 or x may h be5 delib]ately de/roy$ :5 x 0 drawn4 ,he may h done or n done half a million ?+s2 b 9 any case x is an amaz+ leap ( logic to inf] t he _h no religi\s symbol1 or ev5 to inf] f 8 hav+ no religi\s symbol t he _h no religion4 ,n[ ?is p>ticul> case happ5s to illu/rate ! insecurity ( ^! guesses v cle>ly4 ,= a little :ile aft]w>ds1 p discov]$ n only pa9t+s b sculptures ( animals 9 ! caves4 ,"s ( ^! 7 said to be damag$ ) d9ts or holes suppos$ to be ! m>ks ( arr[s2 & ! damag$ images 7 conjectur$ to be ! rema9s ( "s magic rite ( kill+ ! bea/s 9 effigy2 :ile ! undamag$ images 7 expla9$ 9 connection ) ano!r magic rite invok+ f]tility ^u ! h]ds4 ,"h aga9 !re is some?+ fa9tly humor\s ab\t ! sci5tific habit ( hav+ x bo? ways4 ,if ! image is damag$ x proves "o sup]/ition & if x is undamag$ x proves ano!r4 ,"h aga9 !re is a r reckless jump+ to conclusions2 x has h>dly occurr$ to ! speculators t a cr[d ( hunt]s imprison$ 9 w9t] 9 a cave might conceivably h aim$ at a m>k = fun1 z a sort ( primitive p>l\r game4 ,b 9 any case1 if x 0 done out ( sup]/ition1 :at has become ( ! !sis t x _h no?+ to d ) religion8 ,! tru? is t all ?is guesswork has no?+ to d ) any?+4 ,x is n half su* a good p>l\r game z %oot+ arr[s at a c>v$ re9de]1 = x is %oot+ !m into ! air4 ,su* speculators r t5d to =get1 = in/ance1 t m5 9 ! mod]n _w also sometimes make m>ks 9 caves4 ,:5 a cr[d ( tripp]s is conduct$ ?r\gh ! labyr9? ( ! ,m>vell\s ,grotto or ! ,magic ,/alactite ,cav]n1 x has be5 obs]v$ t hi]oglyphics spr+ into sight :]e !y h pass$2 initials & inscriptions :i* ! le>n$ refuse to ref] to any remote date4 ,b ! "t w come :5 ^! inscriptions w really be ( remote date4 ,& if ! pr(essors ( ! future are any?+ l ! pr(essors ( ! pres5t1 !y w be able to d$uce a va/ numb] ( v vivid & int]e/+ ?+s f ^! cave-writ+s ( ! tw5tie? c5tury4 ,if ,i "k any?+ ab\t ! bre$1 & if !y h n fall5 away f ! full-blood$ confid5ce ( _! fa!rs1 !y w be able to discov] ! mo/ fasc9at+ facts ab\t u f ! initials left 9 ! ,magic ,grotto by ',arry & ',arriet1 possibly 9 ! =m ( two int]tw9$ ,a's4 ,f ?is alone !y w "k 7#a7 ,t z ! lett]s are rudely *ipp$ ) a blunt pocket-knife1 ! tw5tie? c5tury possess$ no delicate grav+-tools & 0 unacqua9t$ ) ! art ( sculpture4 7#b7 ,t z ! lett]s are capital lett]s1 our civilisation nev] evolv$ any small lett]s or any?+ l a runn+ h&4 7#c7 ,t because initial consonants /& toge!r 9 an unpron\nceable fa%ion1 our language 0 possibly ak9 to ,wel% or m probably ( ! e>ly ,semitic type t ignor$ v[els4 7#d7 ,t z ! initials ( ',arry & ',arriet d n 9 any special fa%ion pr(ess to be religi\s symbols1 our civilisation possess$ no religion4 ,p]haps ! la/ is ab\t ! ne>e/ to ! tru?2 = a civilisation t _h religion w\ld h a little m reason4 ,x is commonly affirm$1 aga91 t religion grew 9 a v sl[ & evolution>y mann]2 & ev5 t x grew n f "o cause1 b f a comb9ation t might be call$ a co9cid5ce4 ,g5]ally speak+1 ! ?ree *ief elem5ts 9 ! comb9ation are1 fir/1 ! fe> ( ! *ief ( ! tribe 7:om ,mr4 ,wells insi/s on call+1 ) regrettable famili>ity1 ! ,old ,man71 second1 ! ph5om5a ( dreams1 & ?ird1 ! sacrificial associations ( ! h>ve/ & ! resurrection symbolis$ 9 ! gr[+ corn4 ,i may rem>k 9 pass+ t x seems to me v d\btful psy*ology to ref] "o liv+ & s+le _s to ?ree dead & disconnect$ causes1 if !y 7 m]ely dead & disconnect$ causes4 ,suppose ,mr4 ,wells1 9 "o ( 8 fasc9at+ novels ( ! future1 7 to tell u t !re w\ld arise among m5 a new & z yet nameless passion1 ( :i* m5 w dream z !y dream ( fir/ love1 = :i* !y w die z !y die = a flag & a fa!rl&4 ,i ?9k we %\ld be a little puzzl$ if he told u t ?is s+ul> s5tim5t w\ld be a comb9ation ( ! habit ( smok+ ,woodb9es1 ! increase ( ! income tax & ! pleasure ( a motori/ 9 exce$+ ! spe$ limit4 ,we c\ld n easily imag9e ?is1 because we c\ld n imag9e any connection betwe5 ! ?ree or any common feel+ t c\ld include !m all4 ,nor c\ld any "o imag9e any connection betwe5 corn & dreams & an old *ief ) a spe>1 unless !re 0 already a common feel+ to include !m all4 ,b if !re 0 su* a common feel+ x c\ld only be ! religi\s feel+2 & ^! ?+s c\ld n be ! beg9n+s ( a religi\s feel+ t exi/$ already4 ,i ?9k anybody's common s5se w tell him t x is f> m likely t ?is sort ( my/ical s5tim5t did exi/ already2 & t 9 ! light ( x dreams & k+s & cornfields c\ld appe> my/ical !n1 z !y c appe> my/ical n[4 ,= ! pla9 tru? is t all ?is is a trick ( mak+ ?+s seem di/ant & dehumanis$1 m]ely by pret5d+ n to und]/& ?+s t we d und]/&4 ,x is l say+ t prehi/oric m5 _h an ugly & unc\? habit ( op5+ _! m\?s wide at int]vals & /uff+ /range sub/ances into !m1 z if we _h nev] he>d ( eat+4 ,x is l say+ t ! t]rible ,troglodytes ( ! ,/one ,age lift$ alt]nate legs 9 rotation1 z if we _h nev] he>d ( walk+4 ,if x 7 meant to t\* ! my/ical n]ve & awak5 u to ! wond] ( walk+ & eat+1 x might be a legitimate fancy4 ,z x is "h int5d$ to kill ! my/ical n]ve & dead5 u to ! wond] ( religion1 x is irrational rubbi%4 ,x pret5ds to f9d some?+ incompreh5sible 9 ! feel+s t we all compreh5d4 ,:o does n f9d dreams my/]i\s1 & feel t !y lie on ! d>k bord]l& ( be+8 ,:o does n feel ! dea? & resurrection ( ! gr[+ ?+s ( ! e>? z some?+ ne> to ! secret ( ! univ]se8 ,:o does n und]/& t !re mu/ always be ! sav\r ( some?+ sacr$ ab\t au?ority & ! solid>ity t is ! s\l ( ! tribe8 ,if !re be any an?ropologi/ :o really f9ds ^! ?+s remote & impossible to realise1 we c say no?+ ( t sci5tific g5tleman except t he has n got s l>ge & enlight5$ a m9d z a primitive man4 ,to me x seems obvi\s t no?+ b a spiritual s5tim5t already active c\ld h clo!d ^! sep>ate & div]se ?+s ) sanctity4 ,to say t religion came f rev]5c+ a *ief or sacrific+ at a h>ve/ is to put a highly elaborate c>t be=e a really primitive horse4 ,x is l say+ t ! impulse to draw pictures came f ! contemplation ( ! pictures ( re9de]s 9 ! cave4 ,9 o!r words1 x is expla9+ pa9t+ by say+ t x arose out ( ! "w ( pa9t]s2 or acc\nt+ = art by say+ t x arose out ( art4 ,x is ev5 m l say+ t ! ?+ we call poetry arose z ! result ( c]ta9 cu/oms2 su* z t ( an ode be+ (ficially compos$ to celebrate ! adv5t ( spr+2 or t ( a "y man ris+ at a regul> h\r to li/5 to ! skyl>k & !n writ+ 8 report on a piece ( pap]4 ,x is q true t "y m5 (t5 become poets 9 ! spr+2 & x is q true t :5 once !re are poets1 no mortal p[] c re/ra9 !m f writ+ ab\t ! skyl>k4 ,b ! poems did n exi/ be=e ! poets4 ,! poetry did n arise out ( ! poetic =ms4 ,9 o!r words1 x is h>dly an adequate explanation ( h[ a ?+ appe>$ = ! fir/ "t to say x exi/$ already4 ,simil>ly1 we _c say t religion arose out ( ! religi\s =ms1 because t is only ano!r way ( say+ t x only arose :5 x exi/$ already4 ,x ne$$ a c]ta9 sort ( m9d to see t !re 0 any?+ my/ical ab\t ! dreams or ! dead1 z x ne$$ a p>ticul> sort ( m9d to see t !re 0 any?+ poetical ab\t ! skyl>k or ! spr+4 ,t m9d 0 presumably :at we call ! human m9d1 v mu* z x exi/s to ?is day2 = my/ics /ill m$itate ^u dea? & dreams z poets /ill write ab\t spr+ & skyl>ks4 ,b !re is n ! fa9te/ h9t to sugge/ t any?+ %ort ( ! human m9d we "k feels any ( ^! my/ical associations at all4 ,a c[ 9 a field seems to d]ive no lyrical impulse or in/ruction f h] unrivall$ opportunities = li/5+ to ! skyl>k4 ,& simil>ly !re is no reason to suppose t live %eep w ev] beg9 to use dead %eep z ! basis ( a sy/em ( elaborate ance/or-wor%ip4 ,x is true t 9 ! spr+ a "y quadrup$'s fancy may lightly turn to ?\ghts ( love1 b no succession ( spr+s has ev] l$ x to turn h[ev] lightly to ?\ghts ( lit]ature4 ,& 9 ! same way1 :ile x is true t a dog has dreams1 :ile mo/ o!r quadrup$s d n seem ev5 to h t1 we h wait$ a long "t = ! dog to develop 8 dreams into an elaborate sy/em ( religi\s c]emonial4 ,we h wait$ s long t we h really ceas$ to expect x2 & we no m look to see a dog apply 8 dreams to ecclesia/ical con/ruction ?an to see him exam9e 8 dreams by ! rules ( psy*o-analysis4 ,x is obvi\s1 9 %ort1 t = "s reason or o!r ^! natural exp]i5ces1 & ev5 natural excitem5ts1 nev] d pass ! l9e t sep>ates !m f creative expression l art & religion1 9 any creature except man4 ,!y nev] d1 !y nev] h1 & x is n[ to all appe>ance v improbable t !y ev] w4 ,x is n impossible1 9 ! s5se ( self-contradictory1 t we %\ld see c[s fa/+ f grass e ,friday or go+ on _! knees z 9 ! old leg5d ab\t ,*ri/mas ,eve4 ,x is n 9 t s5se impossible t c[s %\ld contemplate dea? until !y c lift up a sublime psalm ( lam5tation to ! tune ! old c[ di$ (4 ,x is n 9 t s5se impossible t !y %\ld express _! hopes ( a heav5ly c>e] 9 a symbolical dance1 9 hon\r ( ! c[ t jump$ ov] ! moon4 ,x may be t ! dog w at la/ h laid 9 a suffici5t /ore ( dreams to enable him to build a temple to ,c]b]us z a sort ( can9e tr9ity4 ,x may be t 8 dreams h already begun to turn into visions capable ( v]bal expression1 9 "s revelation ab\t ! ,dog ,/> z ! spiritual home = lo/ dogs4 ,^! ?+s are logically possible1 9 ! s5se t x is logically difficult to prove ! univ]sal negative :i* we call an impossibility4 ,b all t in/9ct = ! probable1 :i* we call common s5se1 mu/ long ago h told u t ! animals are n to all appe>ance evolv+ 9 t s5se2 & t1 to say ! lea/1 we are n likely to h any p]sonal evid5ce ( _! pass+ f ! animal exp]i5ce to ! human exp]im5ts4 ,b spr+ & dea? & ev5 dreams1 consid]$ m]ely z exp]i5ces1 are _! exp]i5ces z mu* z ours4 ,! only possible conclusion is t ^! exp]i5ces1 consid]$ z exp]i5ces1 d n g5]ate any?+ l a religi\s s5se 9 any m9d except a m9d l ours4 ,we come back to ! fact ( a c]ta9 k9d ( m9d z already alive & alone4 ,x 0 unique & x c\ld make cre$s z x c\ld make cave-draw+s4 ,! mat]ials = religion _h la9 !re = c\ntless ages l ! mat]ials = ev]y?+ else2 b ! p[] ( religion 0 9 ! m9d4 ,man c\ld already see 9 ^! ?+s ! riddles & h9ts & hopes t he /ill sees 9 !m4 ,he c\ld n only dream b dream ab\t dreams4 ,he c\ld n only see ! dead b see ! %ad[ ( dea?2 & 0 possess$ ) t my/]i\s my/ification t = ev] f9ds dea? incr$ible4 ,x is q true t we h ev5 ^! h9ts *iefly ab\t man :5 he unmi/akably appe>s z man4 ,we _c affirm ?is or any?+ else ab\t ! alleg$ animal orig9ally connect+ man & ! brutes4 ,b t is only because he is n an animal b an allegation4 ,we _c be c]ta9 t ,pi!can?ropus ev] wor%ipp$1 because we _c be c]ta9 t he ev] liv$4 ,he is only a vision call$ up to fill ! void t does 9 fact yawn betwe5 ! fir/ creatures :o 7 c]ta9ly m5 & any o!r creatures t are c]ta9ly apes or o!r animals4 ,a few v d\btful fragm5ts are scrap$ toge!r to sugge/ su* an int]m$iate creature because x is requir$ by a c]ta9 philosophy2 b nobody supposes t ^! are suffici5t to e/abli% any?+ philosophical ev5 9 support ( t philosophy4 ,a scrap ( skull f\nd 9 ,java _c e/abli% any?+ ab\t religion or ab\t ! abs5ce ( religion4 ,if !re ev] 0 any su* ape-man1 he may h exhibit$ z mu* ritual 9 religion z a man or z mu* simplicity 9 religion z an ape4 ,he may h be5 a my?ologi/ or he may h be5 a my?4 ,x might be int]e/+ to inquire :e!r ?is my/ical quality appe>$ 9 a transition f ! ape to ! man1 if !re 7 really any types ( ! transition to inquire ab\t4 ,9 o!r words1 ! miss+ l9k might or might n be my/ical if he 7 n miss+4 ,b comp>$ ) ! evid5ce we h ( real human be+s1 we h no evid5ce t he 0 a human be+ or a half-human be+ or a be+ at all4 ,ev5 ! mo/ extreme evolutioni/s d n attempt to d$uce any evolution>y views ab\t ! orig9 ( religion f him4 ,ev5 9 try+ to prove t religion grew sl[ly f rude or irrational s\rces1 !y beg9 _! pro( ) ! fir/ m5 :o 7 m54 ,b _! own pro( only proves t ! m5 :o 7 already m5 7 already my/ics4 ,!y us$ ! rude & irrational elem5ts z only m5 & my/ics c use !m4 ,we come back once m to ! simple tru?2 t at "s "t too e>ly = ^! critics to trace1 a transition _h occurr$ to :i* bones & /ones _c 9 _! nature be> witness2 & man became a liv+ s\l4 ,t\*+ ?is matt] ( ! orig9 ( religion1 ! tru? is t ^? :o are ?us try+ to expla9 x are try+ to expla9 x away4 ,subconsci\sly !y feel t x looks less =midable :5 ?us l5g!n$ out into a gradual & almo/ invisible process4 ,b 9 fact ?is p]spective entirely falsifies ! reality ( exp]i5ce4 ,!y br+ toge!r two ?+s t are totally diff]5t1 ! /ray h9ts ( evolution>y orig9s & ! solid & self-evid5t block ( humanity1 & try to %ift _! /&po9t till !y see !m 9 a s+le =e%ort5$ l9e4 ,b x is an optical illusion4 ,m5 d n 9 fact /& relat$ to monkeys or miss+ l9ks 9 any su* *a9 z t 9 :i* m5 /& relat$ to m54 ,!re may h be5 int]m$iate creatures ^: fa9t traces c be f\nd "h & !re 9 ! huge gap4 ,( ^! be+s1 if !y ev] exi/$1 x may be true t !y 7 ?+s v unlike m5 or m5 v unlike ourselves4 ,b ( prehi/oric m51 su* z ^? call$ ! cave-m5 or ! re9de] m51 x is n true 9 any s5se :atev]4 ,prehi/oric m5 ( t sort 7 ?+s exactly l m5 & m5 exce$+ly l ourselves4 ,!y only happ5$ to be m5 ab\t :om we d n "k mu*1 = ! simple reason t !y h left no records or *ronicles2 b all t we d "k ab\t !m makes !m j z human & ord9>y z m5 9 a m$ieval manor or a ,greek city4 ,look+ f our human /&po9t up ! long p]spective ( humanity1 we simply recognise ?is ?+ z human4 ,if we _h to recognise x z animal1 we %\ld h _h to recognise x z abnormal4 ,if we *ose to look ?r\gh ! o!r end ( ! telescope1 z ,i h done m ?an once 9 ^! speculations1 if we *ose to project ! human figure =w>d out ( an unhuman _w1 we c\ld only say t "o ( ! animals _h obvi\sly gone mad4 ,b see+ ! ?+ f ! "r end1 or r f ! inside1 we "k x is sanity2 & we "k t ^! primitive m5 7 sane4 ,we hail a c]ta9 human freemasonry :]ev] we see x1 9 savages1 9 =eign]s or 9 hi/orical *>act]s4 ,= in/ance1 all we c inf] f primitive leg5d1 & all we "k ( b>b>ic life1 supports a c]ta9 moral & ev5 my/ical idea ( :i* ! commone/ symbol is clo!s4 ,= clo!s are v lit]ally ve/m5ts1 & man we>s !m because he is a prie/4 ,x is true t ev5 z an animal he is "h diff]5t f ! animals4 ,nak$ness is n nature to him2 x is n 8 life b r 8 dea?2 ev5 9 ! vulg> s5se ( 8 dea? ( cold4 ,b clo!s are worn = dignity or dec5cy or decoration :]e !y are n 9 any way want$ = w>m?4 ,x w\ld sometimes appe> t !y are valu$ = ornam5t be=e !y are valu$ = use4 ,x w\ld almo/ always appe> t !y are felt to h "s connection ) decorum4 ,conv5tions ( ?is sort v>y a great deal ) v>i\s times & places2 & !re are "s :o _c get ov] ?is reflection1 & = :om x seems a suffici5t argum5t = lett+ all conv5tions slide4 ,!y nev] tire ( repeat+1 ) simple wond]1 t dress is diff]5t 9 ! ,cannibal ,isl&s & 9 ,camd5 ,t[n2 !y _c get any fur!r & ?r[ up ! :ole idea ( dec5cy 9 despair4 ,!y might z well say t because !re h be5 hats ( a good _m diff]5t %apes1 & "s r ecc5tric %apes1 !re=e hats d n matt] or d n exi/4 ,!y w\ld probably add t !re is no su* ?+ z sun/roke or go+ bald4 ,m5 h felt ev]y:]e t c]ta9 =ms 7 necess>y to f5ce (f & protect c]ta9 private ?+s f contempt or co>se misund]/&+2 & ! keep+ ( ^? =ms1 :atev] !y 71 made = dignity & mutual respect4 ,! fact t !y mo/ly ref]1 m or less remotely1 to ! relations ( ! sexes illu/rates ! two facts t mu/ be put at ! v beg9n+ ( ! record ( ! race4 ,! fir/ is ! fact t orig9al s9 is really orig9al4 ,n m]ely 9 !ology b 9 hi/ory x is a ?+ root$ 9 ! orig9s4 ,:atev] else m5 h believ$1 !y h all believ$ t !re is some?+ ! matt] ) mank9d4 ,?is s5se ( s9 has made x impossible to be natural & h no clo!s1 j z x has made x impossible to be natural & h no laws4 ,b above all x is to be f\nd 9 t o!r fact1 :i* is ! fa!r & "m ( all laws z x is itself f\nd$ on a fa!r & "m3 ! ?+ t is be=e all ?rones & ev5 all commonweal?s4 ,t fact is ! family4 ,"h aga9 we mu/ keep ! enorm\s proportions ( a normal ?+ cle> ( v>i\s modifications & degrees & d\bts m or less reasonable1 l cl\ds cl++ ab\t a m\nta94 ,x may be t :at we call ! family _h to fight its way f or ?r\gh v>i\s an>*ies & ab]rations2 b x c]ta9ly surviv$ !m & is q z likely z n to h also prec$$ !m4 ,z we %all see 9 ! case ( communism & nomadism1 m =mless ?+s c\ld & did lie on ! flank ( societies t _h tak5 a fix$ =m2 b !re is no?+ to %[ t ! =m did n exi/ be=e ! =mlessness4 ,:at is vital is t =m is m important ?an =mlessness2 & t ! mat]ial call$ mank9d has tak5 ?is =m4 ,= in/ance1 ( ! rules revolv+ r\nd sex1 :i* 7 rec5tly m5tion$1 none is m curi\s ?an ! savage cu/om commonly call$ ! c\vade4 ,t seems l a law out ( topsyturvydom2 by :i* ! fa!r is treat$ z if he 7 ! "m4 ,9 any case x cle>ly involves ! my/ical s5se ( sex2 b _m h ma9ta9$ t x is really a symbolic act by :i* ! fa!r accepts ! responsibility ( fa!rhood4 ,9 t case t grotesque antic is really a v solemn act2 = x is ! f\ndation ( all we call ! family & all we "k z human society4 ,"s grop+ 9 ^! d>k beg9n+s h said t mank9d 0 once "u a matri>*y2 ,i suppose t "u a matri>*y x w\ld n be call$ mank9d b womank9d4 ,b o!rs h conjectur$ t :at is call$ matri>*y 0 simply moral an>*y1 9 :i* ! "m alone rema9$ fix$ because all ! fa!rs 7 fugitive & irresponsible4 ,!n came ! mom5t :5 ! man decid$ to gu>d & guide :at he _h creat$4 ,s he became ! head ( ! family1 n z a bully ) a big club to beat wom5 )1 b r z a respectable p]son try+ to be a responsible p]son4 ,n[ all t might be p]fectly true1 & might ev5 h be5 ! fir/ family act1 & x w\ld /ill be true t man !n = ! fir/ "t act$ l a man1 & !re=e = ! fir/ "t became fully a man4 ,b x might q z well be true t ! matri>*y or moral an>*y1 or :atev] we call x1 0 only "o ( ! hundr$ social dissolutions or b>b>ic backslid+s :i* may h occurr$ at int]vals 9 prehi/oric z !y c]ta9ly did 9 hi/oric times4 ,a symbol l ! c\vade1 if x 0 really su* a symbol1 may h commemorat$ ! suppression ( a h]esy r ?an ! fir/ rise ( a religion4 ,we _c conclude ) any c]ta9ty ab\t ^! ?+s1 except 9 _! big results 9 ! build+ ( mank9d1 b we c say 9 :at /yle ! bulk ( x & ! be/ ( x is built4 ,we c say t ! family is ! unit ( ! /ate2 t x is ! cell t makes up ! =mation4 ,r\nd ! family d inde$ ga!r ! sanctities t sep>ate m5 f ants & bees4 ,dec5cy is ! curta9 ( t t5t2 lib]ty is ! wall ( t city2 prop]ty is b ! family f>m2 hon\r is b ! family flag4 ,9 ! practical proportions ( human hi/ory1 we come back to t fundam5tal ( ! fa!r & ! "m & ! *ild4 ,x has be5 said already t if ?is /ory _c />t ) religi\s assumptions1 x mu/ none ! less />t ) "s moral or metaphysical assumptions1 or no s5se c be made ( ! /ory ( man4 ,& ?is is a v good in/ance ( t alt]native necessity4 ,if we are n ( ^? :o beg9 by invok+ a div9e ,tr9ity1 we mu/ none ! less invoke a human ,tr9ity2 & see t triangle repeat$ ev]y:]e 9 ! patt]n ( ! _w4 ,= ! highe/ ev5t 9 hi/ory to :i* all hi/ory looks =w>d & leads up1 is only some?+ t is at once ! rev]sal & ! r5ewal ( t triangle4 ,or r x is ! "o triangle sup]impos$ s z to int]sect ! o!r1 mak+ a sacr$ p5tacle ( :i*1 9 a mighti] s5se ?an t ( ! magicians1 ! fi5ds are afraid4 ,! old ,tr9ity 0 ( fa!r & "m & *ild1 & is call$ ! human family4 ,! new is ( *ild & "m & fa!r1 & has ! "n ( ! ,holy ,family4 ,x is 9 no way alt]$ except 9 be+ entirely rev]s$2 j z ! _w :i* x trans=m$ 0 n 9 ! lea/ diff]5t1 except 9 be+ turn$ upside-d[n4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,! ,,antiquity ,,( ,,civilisation ,! mod]n man look+ at ! mo/ anci5t orig9s has be5 l a man wat*+ = daybreak 9 a /range l&2 & expect+ to see t dawn break+ beh9d b>e upl&s or solit>y peaks4 ,b t dawn is break+ beh9d ! black bulk ( great cities long build$ & lo/ = u 9 ! orig9al night2 colossal cities l ! h\ses ( giants1 9 :i* ev5 ! c>v$ ornam5tal animals are tall] ?an ! palm-trees2 9 :i* ! pa9t$ portrait c be twelve times ! size ( ! man2 ) tombs l m\nta9s ( man set f\r-squ>e & po9t+ to ! />s2 ) w+$ & be>d$ bulls /&+ & />+ enorm\s at ! gates ( temples2 /&+ /ill et]nally z if a /amp w\ld %ake ! _w4 ,! dawn ( hi/ory reveals a humanity already civilis$4 ,p]haps x reveals a civilisation already old4 ,& among o!r m important ?+s1 x reveals ! folly ( mo/ ( ! g5]alisations ab\t ! previ\s & unkn[n p]iod :5 x 0 really "y4 ,! two fir/ human societies ( :i* we h any reliable & detail$ record are ,babylon & ,egypt4 ,x s happ5s t ^! two va/ & spl5did a*ievem5ts ( ! g5ius ( ! anci5ts be> witness aga9/ two ( ! commone/ & crude/ assumptions ( ! culture ( ! mod]ns4 ,if we want to get rid ( half ! nons5se ab\t nomads & cave-m5 & ! old man ( ! =e/1 we ne$ only look /eadily at ! two solid & /up5d\s facts call$ ,egypt & ,babylon4 ,( c\rse mo/ ( ^! speculators :o are talk+ ab\t primitive m5 are ?9k+ ab\t mod]n savages4 ,!y prove _! progressive evolution by assum+ t a great "p ( ! human race has n progress$ or evolv$2 or ev5 *ang$ 9 any way at all4 ,i d n agree ) _! !ory ( *ange2 nor d ,i agree ) _! dogma ( ?+s un*angeable4 ,i may n believe t civilis$ man has _h s rapid & rec5t a progress2 b ,i _c q und]/& :y uncivilis$ man %\ld be s my/ically immortal & immutable4 ,a some:at simpl] mode ( ?\ght & spee* seems to me to be ne$$ ?r\gh\t ?is inquiry4 ,mod]n savages _c be exactly l primitive man1 because !y are n primitive4 ,mod]n savages are n anci5t because !y are mod]n4 ,some?+ has happ5$ to _! race z mu* z to ours1 dur+ ! ?\s&s ( ye>s ( our exi/5ce & endurance on ! e>?4 ,!y h _h "s exp]i5ces1 & h presumably act$ on !m if n pr(it$ by !m1 l ! re/ ( u4 ,!y h _h "s environm5t1 & ev5 "s *ange ( environm5t1 & h presumably adapt$ !mselves to x 9 a prop] & decor\s evolution>y mann]4 ,?is w\ld be true ev5 if ! exp]i5ces 7 mild or ! environm5t dre>y2 = !re is an effect 9 m]e "t :5 x takes ! moral =m ( monotony4 ,b x has appe>$ to a good _m intellig5t & well-in=m$ p q z probable t ! exp]i5ce ( ! savages has be5 t ( a decl9e f civilisation4 ,mo/ ( ^? :o criticise ?is view d n seem to h any v cle> notion ( :at a decl9e f civilisation w\ld be l4 ,heav5 help !m1 x is likely en\gh t !y w soon f9d out4 ,!y seem to be cont5t if cave-m5 & cannibal isl&]s h "s ?+s 9 common1 su* z c]ta9 p>ticul> implem5ts4 ,b x is obvi\s on ! face ( x t any peoples r$uc$ = any reason to a rud] life w\ld h "s ?+s 9 common4 ,if we lo/ all our fire>ms we %\ld make b[s & arr[s2 b we %\ld n necess>ily resemble 9 e way ! fir/ m5 :o made b[s & arr[s4 ,x is said t ! ,russians 9 _! great retreat 7 s %ort ( armam5t t !y f\ght ) clubs cut 9 ! wood4 ,b a pr(essor ( ! future w\ld err 9 suppos+ t ! ,russian ,army ( #aiaf 0 a nak$ ,scy?ian tribe t _h nev] be5 out ( ! wood4 ,x is l say+ t a man 9 8 second *ildhood mu/ exactly copy 8 fir/4 ,a baby is bald l an old man2 b x w\ld be an error = "o ignorant ( infancy to inf] t ! baby _h a long :ite be>d4 ,bo? a baby & an old man walk ) difficulty2 b he :o %all expect ! old g5tleman to lie on 8 back1 & kick joyfully in/ead1 w be disappo9t$4 ,x is !re=e absurd to argue t ! fir/ pione]s ( humanity mu/ h be5 id5tical ) "s ( ! la/ & mo/ /agnant leav+s ( x4 ,!re 7 almo/ c]ta9ly "s ?+s1 !re 7 probably _m ?+s1 9 :i* ! two 7 widely diff]5t or flatly contr>y4 ,an example ( ! way 9 :i* ?is di/9ction works1 & an example ess5tial to our argum5t "h1 is t ( ! nature & orig9 ( gov]nm5t4 ,i h already allud$ to ,mr4 ,h4 ,g4 ,wells & ! ,old ,man1 ) :om he appe>s to be on su* intimate t]ms4 ,if we consid]$ ! cold facts ( prehi/oric evid5ce = ?is portrait ( ! prehi/oric *ief ( ! tribe1 we c\ld only excuse x by say+ t its brilliant & v]satile au?or simply =got = a mom5t t he 0 suppos$ to be writ+ a hi/ory1 & dream$ he 0 writ+ "o ( 8 own v wond]ful & imag9ative romances4 ,at lea/ ,i _c imag9e h[ he c possibly "k t ! prehi/oric rul] 0 call$ ! ,old ,man or t c\rt etiquette requires x to be spelt ) capital lett]s4 ,he says ( ! same pot5tate1 #8,no "o 0 all[$ to t\* 8 spe> or to sit 9 8 seat4' ,i h difficulty 9 believ+ t anybody has dug up a prehi/oric spe> ) a prehi/oric label1 #8,visitors are ,reque/$ n to ,t\*1' or a complete ?rone ) ! inscription1 #8,res]v$ = ! ,old ,man4' ,b x may be presum$ t ! writ]1 :o c h>dly be suppos$ to be m]ely mak+ up ?+s out ( 8 own head1 0 m]ely tak+ = grant$ ?is v dubi\s p>allel betwe5 ! prehi/oric & ! decivilis$ man4 ,x may be t 9 c]ta9 savage tribes ! *ief is call$ ! ,old ,man & nobody is all[$ to t\* 8 spe> or sit on 8 seat4 ,x may be t 9 ^? cases he is surr\nd$ ) sup]/iti\s & traditional t]rors2 & x may be t 9 ^? cases1 = all ,i "k1 he is despotic & tyrannical4 ,b !re is n a gra9 ( evid5ce t primitive gov]nm5t 0 despotic & tyrannical4 ,x may h be51 ( c\rse1 = x may h be5 any?+ or ev5 no?+2 x may n h exi/$ at all4 ,b ! despotism 9 c]ta9 d+y & decay$ tribes 9 ! tw5tie? c5tury does n prove t ! fir/ m5 7 rul$ despotically4 ,x does n ev5 sugge/ x2 x does n ev5 beg9 to h9t at x4 ,if !re is "o fact we really c prove1 f ! hi/ory t we really d "k1 x is t despotism c be a developm5t1 (t5 a late developm5t & v (t5 inde$ ! end ( societies t h be5 highly democratic4 ,a despotism may almo/ be def9$ z a tir$ democracy4 ,z fatigue falls on a community1 ! citiz5s are less incl9$ = t et]nal vigilance :i* has truly be5 call$ ! price ( lib]ty2 & !y pref] to arm only "o s+le s5t9el to wat* ! city :ile !y sleep4 ,x is also true t !y sometimes ne$$ him = "s sudd5 & militant act ( re=m2 x is equally true t he (t5 took advantage ( be+ ! /rong man arm$ to be a tyrant l "s ( ! ,sultans ( ! ,ea/4 ,b ,i _c see :y ! ,sultan %\ld h appe>$ any e>li] 9 hi/ory ?an _m o!r human figures4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! /rong man arm$ obvi\sly dep5ds ^u ! sup]iority ( 8 arm\r2 & armam5t ( t sort comes ) m complex civilisation4 ,"o man may kill tw5ty ) a ma*9e-gun2 x is obvi\sly less likely t he c\ld d x ) a piece ( fl9t4 ,z = ! curr5t cant ab\t ! /ronge/ man rul+ by =ce & fe>1 x is simply a nurs]y fairy-tale ab\t a giant ) a hundr$ h&s4 ,tw5ty m5 c\ld hold d[n ! /ronge/ /rong man 9 any society1 anci5t or mod]n4 ,und\bt$ly !y might admire1 9 a romantic & poetical s5se1 ! man :o 0 really ! /ronge/2 b t is q a diff]5t ?+1 & is z purely moral & ev5 my/ical z ! admiration = ! pure/ or ! wise/4 ,b ! _s t endures ! m]e cruelties & caprices ( an e/abli%$ despot is ! _s ( an anci5t & settl$ & probably /iff5$ society1 n ! _s ( a new "o4 ,z 8 "n implies1 ! ,old ,man is ! rul] ( an old humanity4 ,x is f> m probable t a primitive society 0 some?+ l a pure democracy4 ,to ?is day ! comp>atively simple agricultural communities are by f> ! pure/ democracies4 ,democracy is a ?+ :i* is always break+ d[n ?r\gh ! complexity ( civilisation4 ,any "o :o likes may /ate x by say+ t democracy is ! foe ( civilisation4 ,b he mu/ rememb] t "s ( u really pref] democracy to civilisation1 9 ! s5se ( pref]r+ democracy to complexity4 ,anyh[1 peasants till+ pat*es ( _! own l& 9 a r\gh equality1 & meet+ to vote directly "u a village tree1 are ! mo/ truly self-gov]n+ ( m54 ,x is surely z likely z n t su* a simple idea 0 f\nd 9 ! fir/ condition ( ev5 simpl] m54 ,inde$ ! despotic vision is exagg]at$1 ev5 if we d n reg>d ! m5 z m54 ,ev5 on an evolution>y assumption ( ! mo/ mat]iali/ic sort1 !re is really no reason :y m5 %\ld n h _h at lea/ z mu* cam>ad]ie z rats or rooks4 ,lead]%ip ( "s sort !y d\btless _h1 z h ! greg>i\s animals2 b lead]%ip implies no su* irrational s]vility z t attribut$ to ! sup]/iti\s subjects ( ! ,old ,man4 ,!re 0 d\btless somebody correspond+1 to use ,t5nyson's expression1 to ! _m-w9t]$ cr[ t leads ! clang+ rook]y home4 ,b ,i fancy t if t v5]able f[l began to act aft] ! fa%ion ( "s ,sultans 9 anci5t & decay$ ,asia1 x w\ld become a v clang+ rook]y & ! _m-w9t]$ cr[ w\ld n see _m m w9t]s4 ,x may be rem>k$1 9 ?is connection1 b ev5 among animals x w\ld seem t some?+ else is respect$ m ?an be/ial viol5ce1 if x be only ! famili>ity :i* 9 m5 is call$ tradition or ! exp]i5ce :i* 9 m5 is call$ wisdom4 ,i d n "k if cr[s really foll[ ! olde/ cr[1 b if !y d !y are c]ta9ly n foll[+ ! /ronge/ cr[4 ,& ,i d "k1 9 ! human case1 t if "s ritual ( s5iority keeps savages rev]5c+ somebody call$ ! ,old ,man1 !n at lea/ !y h n our own s]vile s5tim5tal weakness = wor%ipp+ ! ,/rong ,man4 ,x may be said !n t primitive gov]nm5t1 l primitive art & religion & ev]y?+ else1 is v imp]fectly kn[n or r guess$ at2 b t x is at lea/ z good a guess to sugge/ t x 0 z popul> z a ,balkan or ,pyr5ean village z t x 0 z caprici\s & secret z a ,turki% divan4 ,bo? ! m\nta9 democracy & ! ori5tal palace are mod]n 9 ! s5se t !y are /ill !re1 or are "s sort ( gr[? ( hi/ory2 b ( ! two ! palace has mu* m ! look ( be+ an accumulation & a corruption1 ! village mu* m ! look ( be+ a really un*ang$ & primitive ?+4 ,b my sugge/ions at ?is po9t d n g beyond express+ a :olesome d\bt ab\t ! curr5t assumption4 ,i ?9k x int]e/+1 = in/ance1 t lib]al in/itutions h be5 trac$ ev5 by mod]ns back to b>b>ian or undevelop$ /ates1 :5 x happ5$ to be conv5i5t = ! support ( "s race or nation or philosophy4 ,s ! ,sociali/s pr(ess t _! ideal ( communal prop]ty exi/$ 9 v e>ly times4 ,s ! ,jews are pr\d ( ! ,jubilees or ju/] r$i/ributions "u _! anci5t law4 ,s ! ,teutoni/s boa/$ ( trac+ p>liam5ts & juries & v>i\s popul> ?+s among ! ,g]manic tribes ( ! ,nor?4 ,s ! ,celtophiles & ^? te/ify+ to ! wrongs ( ,irel& h plead$ ! m equal ju/ice ( ! clan sy/em1 to :i* ! ,iri% *iefs bore witness be=e ,/rongb[4 ,! /r5g? ( ! case v>ies 9 ! diff]5t cases2 b z !re is "s case = all ( !m1 ,i suspect !re is "s case = ! g5]al proposition t popul> in/itutions ( "s sort 7 by no means uncommon 9 e>ly & simple societies4 ,ea* ( ^! sep>ate s*ools 7 mak+ ! admission to prove a p>ticul> mod]n !sis2 b tak5 toge!r !y sugge/ a m anci5t & g5]al tru?1 t !re 0 some?+ m 9 prehi/oric c\ncils ?an f]ocity & fe>4 ,ea* ( ^! sep>ate !ori/s _h 8 own axe to gr9d1 b he 0 will+ to use a /one axe2 & he manages to sugge/ t ! /one axe might h be5 z republican z ! guillot9e4 ,b ! tru? is t ! curta9 rises ^u ! play already 9 progress4 ,9 "o s5se x is a true p>adox t !re 0 hi/ory be=e hi/ory4 ,b x is n ! irrational p>adox impli$ 9 prehi/oric hi/ory2 = x is a hi/ory we d n "k4 ,v probably x 0 exce$+ly l ! hi/ory we d "k1 except 9 ! "o detail t we d n "k x4 ,x is ?us ! v opposite ( ! pret5ti\s prehi/oric hi/ory1 :i* pr(esses to trace ev]y?+ 9 a consi/5t c\rse f ! amoeba to ! an?ropoid & f ! an?ropoid to ! agno/ic4 ,s f> f be+ a "q ( our kn[+ all ab\t que] creatures v diff]5t f ourselves1 !y 7 v probably p v l ourselves1 except t we "k no?+ ab\t !m4 ,9 o!r words1 our mo/ anci5t records only rea* back to a "t :5 humanity _h long be5 human1 & ev5 long be5 civilis$4 ,! mo/ anci5t records we h n only m5tion b take = grant$ ?+s l k+s & prie/s & pr9ces & assemblies ( ! p2 !y describe communities t are r\ghly recognisable z communities 9 our own s5se4 ,"s ( !m are despotic2 b we _c tell t !y h always be5 despotic4 ,"s ( !m may be already decad5t1 & ne>ly all are m5tion$ z if !y 7 old4 ,we d n "k :at really happ5$ 9 ! _w be=e ^? records2 b ! little we d "k w\ld leave u any?+ b a/oni%$ if we le>nt t x 0 v mu* l :at happ5s 9 ?is _w n[4 ,!re w\ld be no?+ inconsi/5t or conf\nd+ ab\t ! discov]y t ^? unkn[n ages 7 full ( republics collaps+ "u mon>*ies & ris+ aga9 z republics1 empires exp&+ & f9d+ colonies & !n los+ colonies1 k+doms comb9+ aga9 into _w-/ates & break+ up aga9 into small nationalities1 classes sell+ !mselves into slav]y & m>*+ out once m into lib]ty2 all t procession ( humanity :i* may or may n be a progress b is mo/ assur$ly a romance4 ,b ! fir/ *apt]s ( ! romance h be5 torn out ( ! book2 & we %all nev] read !m4 ,x is s also ) ! m special fancy ab\t evolution & social /ability4 ,accord+ to ! real records available1 b>b>ism & civilisation 7 n successive /ages 9 ! progress ( ! _w4 ,!y 7 conditions t exi/$ side by side1 z !y /ill exi/ side by side4 ,!re 7 civilisations !n z !re are civilisations n[2 !re are savages n[ z !re 7 savages !n4 ,x is sugge/$ t all m5 pass$ ?r\gh a nomadic /age2 b x is c]ta9 t !re are "s :o h nev] pass$ out ( x1 & x seems n unlikely t !re 7 "s :o nev] pass$ into x4 ,x is probable t f v primitive times ! /atic till] ( ! soil & ! w&]+ %eph]d 7 two di/9ct types ( m52 & ! *ronological re>rangem5t ( !m is b a m>k ( t mania = progressive /ages t has l>gely falsifi$ hi/ory4 ,x is sugge/$ t !re 0 a communi/ /age1 9 :i* private prop]ty 0 ev]y:]e unkn[n1 a :ole humanity liv+ on ! negation ( prop]ty2 b ! evid5ces ( ?is negation are !mselves r negative4 ,r$i/ributions ( prop]ty1 jubilees1 & agr>ian laws occur at v>i\s int]vals & 9 v>i\s =ms2 b t humanity inevitably pass$ ?r\gh a communi/ /age seems z d\btful z ! p>allel proposition t humanity w inevitably return to x4 ,x is *iefly int]e/+ z evid5ce t ! bolde/ plans = ! future invoke ! au?ority ( ! pa/2 & t ev5 a revolution>y seeks to satisfy himself t he is also a reaction>y4 ,!re is an amus+ p>allel example 9 ! case ( :at is call$ fem9ism4 ,9 spite ( all ! pseudo-sci5tific gossip ab\t m>riage by capture & ! cave-man beat+ ! cave-woman ) a club1 x may be not$ t z soon z fem9ism became a fa%ionable cry1 x 0 insi/$ t human civilisation 9 its fir/ /age _h be5 a matri>*y4 ,app>5tly x 0 ! cave-woman :o c>ri$ ! club4 ,anyh[ all ^! ideas are little bett] ?an guesses2 & !y h a curi\s way ( foll[+ ! =tune ( mod]n !ories & fads4 ,9 any case !y are n hi/ory 9 ! s5se ( record2 & we may repeat t :5 x comes to record1 ! broad tru? is t b>b>ism & civilisation h always dwelt side by side 9 ! _w1 ! civilisation sometimes spread+ to absorb ! b>b>ians1 sometimes decay+ into relative b>b>ism1 & 9 almo/ all cases possess+ 9 a m f9i%$ =m c]ta9 ideas & in/itutions :i* ! b>b>ians possess 9 a rud] =m2 su* z gov]nm5t or social au?ority1 ! arts & especially ! decorative arts1 my/]ies & taboos ( v>i\s k9ds especially surr\nd+ ! matt] ( sex1 & "s =m ( t fundam5tal ?+ :i* is ! *ief conc]n ( ?is inquiry3 ! ?+ t we call religion4 ,n[ ,egypt & ,babylon1 ^? two primeval mon/]s1 might 9 ?is matt] h be5 specially provid$ z models4 ,!y might almo/ be call$ work+ models to %[ h[ ^! mod]n !ories d n "w4 ,! two great tru?s we "k ab\t ^! two great cultures happ5 to contradict flatly ! two curr5t fallacies :i* h j be5 consid]$4 ,! /ory ( ,egypt might h be5 inv5t$ to po9t ! moral t man does n necess>ily beg9 ) despotism because he is b>b>\s1 b v (t5 f9ds 8 way to despotism because he is civilis$4 ,he f9ds x because he is exp]i5c$2 or1 :at is (t5 mu* ! same ?+1 because he is exhau/$4 ,& ! /ory ( ,babylon might h be5 inv5t$ to po9t ! moral t man ne$ n be a nomad or a communi/ be=e he becomes a peasant or a citiz52 & t su* cultures are n always 9 successive /ages b (t5 9 contempor>y /ates4 ,ev5 t\*+ ^! great civilisations ) :i* our writt5 hi/ory beg9s1 !re is a temptation ( c\rse to be too +5i\s or too cocksure4 ,we c read ! bricks ( ,babylon 9 a v diff]5t s5se f t 9 :i* we guess ab\t ! ,cup & ,r+ /ones2 & we d def9itely "k :at is meant by ! animals 9 ! ,egyptian hi]oglyphic z we "k no?+ ( ! animals 9 ! neoli?ic cave4 ,b ev5 "h ! admirable ar*eologi/s :o h deciph]$ l9e aft] l9e ( miles ( hi]oglyphics may be tempt$ to read too mu* betwe5 ! l9es2 ev5 ! real au?ority on ,babylon may =get h[ fragm5t>y is 8 h>d-won k2 may =get t ,babylon has only heav$ half a brick at him1 ?\gh half a brick is bett] ?an no cunei=m4 ,b "s tru?s1 hi/oric & n prehi/oric1 dogmatic & n evolution>y1 facts & n fancies1 d inde$ em]ge f ,egypt & ,babylon2 & ^! two tru?s are among !m4 ,egypt is a gre5 ribbon along ! riv] edg+ ! d>k r$ desolation ( ! des]t4 ,x is a prov]b1 & "o ( va/ antiquity1 t x is creat$ by ! my/]i\s b\nty & almo/ s9i/] b5evol5ce ( ! ,nile4 ,:5 we fir/ he> ( ,egyptians !y are liv+ z 9 a /r+ ( riv]-side villages1 9 small & sep>ate b co-op]ative communities along ! bank ( ! ,nile4 ,:]e ! riv] bran*$ into ! broad ,delta !re 0 traditionally ! beg9n+ ( a some:at diff]5t di/rict or p2 b ?is ne$ n complicate ! ma9 tru?4 ,^! m or less indep5d5t ?\gh int]dep5d5t peoples 7 consid]ably civilis$ already4 ,!y _h a sort ( h]aldry2 t is1 decorative art us$ = symbolic & social purposes2 ea* sail+ ! ,nile "u its own ensign repres5t+ "s bird or animal4 ,h]aldry involves two ?+s ( enorm\s importance to normal humanity2 ! comb9ation ( ! two mak+ t noble ?+ call$ co-op]ation2 on :i* re/ all peasantries & peoples t are free4 ,! art ( h]aldry means indep5d5ce2 an image *os5 by ! imag9ation to express ! individuality4 ,! sci5ce ( h]aldry means int]dep5d5ce2 an agreem5t betwe5 diff]5t bodies to recognise diff]5t images2 a sci5ce ( imag]y4 ,we h "h !re=e exactly t compromise ( co-op]ation betwe5 free families or gr\ps :i* is ! mo/ normal mode ( life = humanity & is p>ticul>ly app>5t :]ev] m5 own _! own l& & live on x4 ,) ! v m5tion ( ! images ( bird & bea/ ! /ud5t ( my?ology w murmur ! ^w #8totem' almo/ 9 8 sleep4 ,b to my m9d mu* ( ! tr\ble arises f 8 habit ( say+ su* words z if 9 8 sleep4 ,?r\gh\t ?is r\gh outl9e ,i h made a necess>ily inadequate attempt to keep on ! inside r ?an ! outside ( su* ?+s2 to consid] !m :]e possible 9 t]ms ( ?\ght & n m]ely 9 t]ms ( t]m9ology4 ,!re is v little value 9 talk+ ab\t totems unless we h "s feel+ ( :at x really felt l to h a totem4 ,grant$ t !y _h totems & we h no totems2 0 x because !y _h m fe> ( animals or m famili>ity ) animals8 ,did a man ^: totem 0 a wolf feel l a 7-wolf or l a man runn+ away f a 7-wolf8 ,did he feel l ,uncle ,remus ab\t ,br] ,wolf or l ,/4 ,francis ab\t 8 bro!r ! wolf1 or l ,m[gli ab\t 8 bro!rs ! wolves8 ,0 a totem a ?+ l ! ,briti% lion or a ?+ l ! ,briti% bulldog8 ,0 ! wor%ip ( a totem l ! feel+ ( nigg]s ab\t ,mumbo ,jumbo1 or ( *ildr5 ab\t ,jumbo8 ,i h nev] read any book ( folk-lore1 h[ev] le>n$1 t gave me any light ^u ?is "q1 :i* ,i ?9k by f> ! mo/ important "o4 ,i w conf9e myself to repeat+ t ! e>lie/ ,egyptian communities _h a common und]/&+ ab\t ! images t /ood = _! individual /ates2 & t ?is am\nt ( communication is prehi/oric 9 ! s5se t x is already !re at ! beg9n+ ( hi/ory4 ,b z hi/ory unfolds itself1 ?is "q ( communication is cle>ly ! ma9 "q ( ^! riv]side communities4 ,) ! ne$ ( communication comes ! ne$ ( a common gov]nm5t & ! gr[+ greatness & spread+ %ad[ ( ! k+4 ,! o!r b9d+ =ce besides ! k+1 & p]haps old] ?an ! k+1 is ! prie/hood2 & ! prie/hood has presumably ev5 m to d ) ^! ritual symbols & signals by :i* m5 c communicate4 ,& "h 9 ,egypt arose probably ! prim>y & c]ta9ly ! typical inv5tion to :i* we owe all hi/ory1 & ! :ole diff]5ce betwe5 ! hi/oric & ! prehi/oric3 ! ar*etypal script1 ! art ( writ+4 ,! popul> pictures ( ^! primeval empires are n half s popul> z !y might be4 ,!re is %$ ov] !m ! %ad[ ( an exagg]at$ gloom1 m ?an ! normal & ev5 heal?y sadness ( hea!n m54 ,x is "p ( ! same sort ( secret pessimism t loves to make primitive man a crawl+ creature1 ^: body is fil? & ^: s\l is fe>4 ,x comes ( c\rse f ! fact t m5 are mov$ mo/ by _! religion2 especially :5 x is irreligion4 ,= !m any?+ prim>y & elem5tal mu/ be evil4 ,b x is ! curi\s consequ5ce t :ile we h be5 delug$ ) ! wilde/ exp]im5ts 9 primitive romance1 !y h all miss$ ! real romance ( be+ primitive4 ,!y h describ$ sc5es t are :olly imag9>y1 9 :i* ! m5 ( ! ,/one ,age are m5 ( /one l walk+ /atues2 9 :i* ! ,assyrians or ,egyptians are z /iff or z pa9t$ z _! own mo/ ar*aic art4 ,b none ( ^! mak]s ( imag9>y sc5es h tri$ to imag9e :at x mu/ really h be5 l to see ^? ?+s z fre% :i* we see z famili>4 ,!y h n se5 a man discov]+ fire l a *ild discov]+ fireworks4 ,!y h n se5 a man play+ ) ! wond]ful inv5tion call$ ! :eel1 l a boy play+ at putt+ up a wireless /ation4 ,!y h nev] put ! _s ( y\? into _! descriptions ( ! y\? ( ! _w4 ,x foll[s t amid all _! primitive or prehi/oric fancies !re are no jokes4 ,!re are n ev5 practical jokes1 9 connection ) ! practical inv5tions4 ,& ?is is v %>ply def9$ 9 ! p>ticul> case ( hi]oglyphics2 = !re seems to be s]i\s indication t ! :ole high human art ( scripture or writ+ began ) a joke4 ,!re are "s :o w le>n ) regret t x seems to h begun ) a pun4 ,! k+ or ! prie/s or "s responsible p]sons1 wi%+ to s5d a message up ! riv] 9 t inconv5i5tly long & n>r[ t]ritory1 hit on ! idea ( s5d+ x 9 picture-writ+1 l t ( ! ,r$ ,indian4 ,l mo/ p :o h writt5 picture-writ+ = fun1 he f\nd ! words did n always fit4 ,b :5 ! ^w = taxes s\nd$ r l ! ^w = pig1 he boldly put d[n a pig z a bad pun & *anc$ x4 ,s a mod]n hi]oglyphi/ might repres5t #8at once' by unscrupul\sly draw+ a hat foll[$ by a s]ies ( upright num]als4 ,x 0 good en\gh = ! ,ph>aohs & ought to be good en\gh = him4 ,b x mu/ h be5 great fun to write or ev5 to read ^! messages1 :5 writ+ & read+ 7 really a new ?+4 ,& if p mu/ write romances ab\t anci5t ,egypt 7& x seems t nei!r pray]s nor te>s nor curses c )hold !m f ! habit71 ,i sugge/ t sc5es l ?is w\ld really rem9d u t ! anci5t ,egyptians 7 human be+s4 ,i sugge/ t somebody %\ld describe ! sc5e ( ! great mon>* sitt+ among 8 prie/s1 & all ( !m ro>+ ) laught] & bubbl+ ov] ) sugge/ions z ! royal puns grew m & m wild & indef5sible4 ,!re might be ano!r sc5e ( almo/ equal excitem5t ab\t ! decod+ ( ?is ciph]2 ! guesses & clues & discov]ies hav+ all ! popul> ?rill ( a detective /ory4 ,t is h[ primitive romance & primitive hi/ory really ought to be writt54 ,= :atev] 0 ! quality ( ! religi\s or moral life ( remote times1 & x 0 probably mu* m human ?an is conv5tionally suppos$1 ! sci5tific int]e/ ( su* a "t mu/ h be5 int5se4 ,words mu/ h be5 m wond]ful ?an wireless telegraphy2 & exp]im5ts ) common ?+s a s]ies ( electric %ocks4 ,we are /ill wait+ = somebody to write a lively /ory ( primitive life4 ,! po9t is 9 "s s5se a p>5!sis "h2 b x is connect$ ) ! g5]al matt] ( political developm5t1 by ! in/itution :i* is mo/ active 9 ^! fir/ & mo/ fasc9at+ ( all ! fairy-tales ( sci5ce4 ,x is admitt$ t we owe mo/ ( ?is sci5ce to ! prie/s4 ,mod]n writ]s l ,mr4 ,wells _c be accus$ ( any weakness ( sympa?y ) a pontifical hi]>*y2 b !y agree at lea/ 9 recognis+ :at pagan prie/hoods did = ! arts & sci5ces4 ,among ! m ignorant ( ! enlight5$ !re 0 inde$ a conv5tion ( say+ t prie/s _h ob/ruct$ progress 9 all ages2 & a politician once told me 9 a debate t ,i 0 resi/+ mod]n re=ms exactly z "s anci5t prie/ probably resi/$ ! discov]y ( :eels4 ,i po9t$ out1 9 reply1 t x 0 f> m likely t ! anci5t prie/ made ! discov]y ( ! :eels4 ,x is ov]:elm+ly probable t ! anci5t prie/ _h a great deal to d ) ! discov]y ( ! art ( writ+4 ,x is obvi\s en\gh 9 ! fact t ! v ^w hi]oglyphic is ak9 to ! ^w hi]>*y4 ,! religion ( ^! prie/s 0 app>5tly a m or less tangl$ poly!ism ( a type t is m p>ticul>ly describ$ else:]e4 ,x pass$ ?r\gh a p]iod :5 x co-op]at$ ) ! k+1 ano!r p]iod :5 x 0 tempor>ily de/roy$ by ! k+1 :o happ5$ to be a pr9ce ) a private !ism ( 8 own1 & a ?ird p]iod :5 x practically de/roy$ ! k+ & rul$ 9 8 /ead4 ,b ! _w has to ?ank x = _m ?+s :i* x consid]s common & necess>y2 & ! creators ( ^? common ?+s ought really to h a place among ! h]oes ( humanity4 ,if we 7 at re/ 9 a real paganism1 in/ead ( be+ re/less 9 a r irrational reaction f ,*ri/ianity1 we might pay "s sort ( pagan hon\r to ^! nameless mak]s ( mank9d4 ,we might h veil$ /atues ( ! man :o fir/ f\nd fire or ! man :o fir/ made a boat or ! man :o fir/ tam$ a horse4 ,& if we br\ght !m g>l&s or sacrifices1 !re w\ld be m s5se 9 x ?an 9 disfigur+ our cities ) cockney /atues ( /ale politicians & philan?ropi/s4 ,b "o ( ! /range m>ks ( ! /r5g? ( ,*ri/ianity is t1 s9ce x came1 no pagan 9 our civilisation has be5 able to be really human4 ,! po9t is "h1 h[ev]1 t ! ,egyptian gov]nm5t1 :e!r pontifical or royal1 f\nd x m & m necess>y to e/abli% communication2 & !re always w5t ) communication a c]ta9 elem5t ( co]cion4 ,x is n necess>ily an indef5sible ?+ t ! ,/ate grew m despotic z x grew m civilis$2 x is arguable t x _h to gr[ m despotic 9 ord] to gr[ m civilis$4 ,t is ! argum5t = autocracy 9 e age2 & ! int]e/ lies 9 see+ x illu/rat$ 9 ! e>lie/ age4 ,b x is emphatically n true t x 0 mo/ despotic 9 ! e>lie/ age & grew m lib]al 9 a lat] age2 ! practical process ( hi/ory is exactly ! rev]se4 ,x is n true t ! tribe began 9 ! extreme ( t]ror ( ! ,old ,man & 8 seat & spe>2 x is probable1 at lea/ 9 ,egypt1 t ! ,old ,man 0 r a ,new ,man arm$ to attack new conditions4 ,8 spe> grew long] & long] & 8 ?rone rose high] & high]1 z ,egypt rose into a complex & complete civilisation4 ,t is :at ,i mean by say+ t ! hi/ory ( ! ,egyptian t]ritory is 9 ?is ! hi/ory ( ! e>?2 & directly d5ies ! vulg> assumption t t]rorism c only come at ! beg9n+ & _c come at ! end4 ,we d n "k :at 0 ! v fir/ condition ( ! m or less feudal amalgam ( l&[n]s1 peasants1 & slaves 9 ! little commonweal?s beside ! ,nile2 b x may h be5 a peasantry ( an ev5 m popul> sort4 ,:at we d "k is t x 0 by exp]i5ce & education t little commonweal?s lose _! lib]ty2 t absolute sov]eignty is some?+ n m]ely anci5t b r relatively mod]n2 & x is at ! end ( ! pa? call$ progress t m5 return to ! k+4 ,egypt exhibits1 9 t brief record ( its remote/ beg9n+s1 ! prim>y problem ( lib]ty & civilisation4 ,x is ! fact t m5 actually lose v>iety by complexity4 ,we h n solv$ ! problem prop]ly any m ?an !y did2 b x vulg>ises ! human dignity ( ! problem itself to sugge/ t ev5 tyranny has no motive save 9 tribal t]ror4 ,& j z ! ,egyptian example refutes ! fallacy ab\t despotism & civilisation1 s does ! ,babylonian example refute ! fallacy ab\t civilisation & b>b>ism4 ,babylon also we fir/ he> ( :5 x is already civilis$2 = ! simple reason t we _c he> ( any?+ until x is educat$ en\gh to talk4 ,x talks to u 9 :at is call$ cunei=m2 t /range & /iff triangul> symbolism t contra/s ) ! picturesque alphabet ( ,egypt4 ,h[ev] relatively rigid ,egyptian art may be1 !re is always some?+ diff]5t f ! ,babylonian _s :i* 0 too rigid to h any art4 ,!re is always a liv+ grace 9 ! l9es ( ! lotus & some?+ ( rapidity z well z rigidity 9 ! movem5t ( ! arr[s & ! birds4 ,p]haps !re is some?+ ( ! re/ra9$ b liv+ curve ( ! riv]1 :i* makes u 9 talk+ ( ! s]p5t ( old ,nile almo/ ?9k ( ! ,nile z a s]p5t4 ,babylon 0 a civilisation ( diagrams r ?an ( draw+s4 ,mr4 ,w4 ,b4 ,yeats1 :o has a hi/orical imag9ation to mat* 8 my?ological imag9ation 7& inde$ ! =m] is impossible )\t ! latt]71 wrote truly ( ! m5 :o wat*$ ! />s #8f _! p$antic ,babylon4' ,! cunei=m 0 cut ^u bricks1 ( :i* all _! ar*itecture 0 built up2 ! bricks 7 ( bak$ mud1 & p]haps ! mat]ial _h some?+ 9 x =bidd+ ! s5se ( =m to develop 9 sculpture or relief4 ,!irs 0 a /atic b a sci5tific civilisation1 f> advanc$ 9 ! ma*9]y ( life & 9 "s ways highly mod]n4 ,x is said t !y _h mu* ( ! mod]n cult ( ! high] sp9/]hood & recognis$ an (ficial class ( indep5d5t work+ wom54 ,!re is p]haps some?+ 9 t mighty /ronghold ( h>d5$ mud t sugge/s ! utilit>ian activity ( a huge hive4 ,b ?\gh x 0 huge x 0 human2 we see _m ( ! same social problems z 9 anci5t ,egypt or mod]n ,engl&2 & :atev] its evils ?is also 0 "o ( ! e>lie/ ma/]pieces ( man4 ,x /ood1 ( c\rse1 9 ! triangle =m$ by ! almo/ leg5d>y riv]s ( ,tigris & ,euphrates1 & ! va/ agriculture ( its empire1 on :i* its t[ns dep5d$1 0 p]fect$ by a highly sci5tific sy/em ( canals4 ,x _h by tradition a high intellectual life1 ?\gh r philosophic ?an arti/ic2 & !re preside ov] its primal f\ndation ^? figures :o h come to /& = ! />-gaz+ wisdom ( antiquity2 ! tea*]s ( ,abraham2 ! ,*aldees4 ,aga9/ ?is solid society1 z aga9/ "s va/ b>e wall ( brick1 !re surg$ age aft] age ! nameless armies ( ! ,nomads4 ,!y came out ( ! des]ts :]e ! nomadic life _h be5 liv$ f ! beg9n+ & :]e x is /ill liv$ to-day4 ,x is ne$less to dwell on ! nature ( t life2 x 0 obvi\s en\gh & ev5 easy en\gh to foll[ a h]d or a flock :i* g5]ally f\nd its own graz+-gr\nd & to live on ! milk or meat x provid$4 ,nor is !re any reason to d\bt t ?is habit ( life c\ld give almo/ e human ?+ except a home4 ,_m su* %eph]ds or h]dsm5 may h talk$ 9 ! e>lie/ times ( all ! tru?s & enigmas ( ! ,book ( ,job2 & ( ^! 7 ,abraham & 8 *ildr51 :o h giv5 to ! mod]n _w = an endless enigma ! almo/ monomaniac mono!ism ( ! ,jews4 ,b !y 7 a wild p )\t compreh5sion ( complex social organisation2 & a _s l ! w9d )9 !m made !m wage w> on x aga9 & aga94 ,! hi/ory ( ,babylonia is l>gely ! hi/ory ( its def5ce aga9/ ! des]t hordes2 :o came on at int]vals ( a c5tury or two & g5]ally retreat$ z !y came4 ,"s say t an admixture ( nomad invasion built at ,n9eveh ! arrogant k+dom ( ! ,assyrians1 :o c>v$ great mon/]s ^u _! temples1 be>d$ bulls ) w+s l *]ubim1 & :o s5t =? _m milit>y conqu]ors :o /amp$ ! _w z if ) su* colossal hooves4 ,assyria 0 an imp]ial int]lude2 b x 0 an int]lude4 ,! ma9 /ory ( all t l& is ! w> betwe5 ! w&]+ peoples & ! /ate t 0 truly /atic4 ,presumably 9 prehi/oric times1 & c]ta9ly 9 hi/oric times1 ^? w&]]s w5t we/w>d to wa/e :atev] !y c\ld f9d4 ,! la/ "t !y came !y f\nd ,babylon vani%$2 b t 0 9 hi/oric times & ! "n ( _! lead] 0 ,mahomet4 ,n[ x is wor? :ile to pause ^u t /ory because1 z has be5 sugge/$1 x directly contradicts ! impression /ill curr5t t nomadism is m]ely a prehi/oric ?+ & social settlem5t a comp>atively rec5t ?+4 ,!re is no?+ to %[ t ! ,babylonians _h ev] w&]$2 !re is v little to %[ t ! tribes ( ! des]t ev] settl$ d[n4 ,inde$ x is probable t ?is notion ( a nomadic /age foll[$ by a /atic /age has already be5 ab&on$ by ! s9c]e & g5u9e s*ol>s to ^: rese>*es we all owe s mu*4 ,b ,i am n at issue 9 ?is book ) s9c]e & g5u9e s*ol>s1 b ) a va/ & vague public op9ion :i* has be5 prematurely spread f c]ta9 imp]fect inve/igations1 & :i* has made fa%ionable a false notion ( ! :ole hi/ory ( humanity4 ,x is ! :ole vague notion t a monkey evolv$ into a man & 9 ! same way a b>b>ian evolv$ into a civilis$ man1 & !re=e at e /age we h to look back to b>b>ism & =w>d to civilisation4 ,un=tunately ?is notion is 9 a d\ble s5se entirely 9 ! air4 ,x is an atmosph]e 9 :i* m5 live r ?an a !sis :i* !y def5d4 ,m5 9 t mood are m easily answ]$ by objects ?an by !ories2 & x w be well if any "o tempt$ to make t assumption1 9 "s trivial turn ( talk or writ+1 c be *eck$ = a mom5t by %utt+ 8 eyes & see+ = an in/ant1 va/ & vaguely cr[d$1 l a popul\s precipice1 ! wond] ( ! ,babylonian wall4 ,"o fact does c]ta9ly fall across u l its %ad[4 ,our glimpses ( bo? ^! e>ly empires %[ t ! fir/ dome/ic relation _h be5 complicat$ by some?+ :i* 0 less human1 b 0 (t5 reg>d$ z equally dome/ic4 ,! d>k giant call$ ,slav]y _h be5 call$ up l a g5ii & 0 lab\r+ on gigantic works ( brick & /one4 ,"h aga9 we mu/ n too easily assume t :at 0 backw>d 0 b>b>ic2 9 ! matt] ( manumission ! e>li] s]vitude seems 9 "s ways m lib]al ?an ! lat]2 p]haps m lib]al ?an ! s]vitude ( ! future4 ,to insure food = humanity by =c+ "p ( x to "w 0 aft] all a v human exp$i5t2 :i* is :y x w probably be tri$ aga94 ,b 9 "o s5se !re is a significance 9 ! old slav]y4 ,x /&s = "o fundam5tal fact ab\t all antiquity be=e ,*ri/2 some?+ to be assum$ f fir/ to la/4 ,x is ! insignificance ( ! individual be=e ! ,/ate4 ,x 0 z true ( ! mo/ democratic ,city ,/ate 9 ,hellas z ( any despotism 9 ,babylon4 ,x is "o ( ! signs ( ?is _s t a :ole class ( individuals c\ld be insignificant or ev5 invisible4 ,x mu/ be normal because x 0 ne$$ = :at w\ld n[ be call$ #8social s]vice4' ,somebody said1 #8,! ,man is no?+ & ! ,"w is all1' mean+ x = a breezy ,c>lylean commonplace4 ,x 0 ! s9i/] motto ( ! hea!n ,s]vile ,/ate4 ,9 t s5se !re is tru? 9 ! traditional vision ( va/ pill>s & pyramids go+ up "u ^? ev]la/+ skies = ev]1 by ! lab\r ( numb]less & nameless m51 toil+ l ants & dy+ l flies1 wip$ out by ! "w ( _! own h&s4 ,b !re are two o!r reasons = beg9n+ ) ! two fix$ po9ts ( ,egypt & ,babylon4 ,= "o ?+ !y are fix$ 9 tradition z ! types ( antiquity2 & hi/ory )\t tradition is dead4 ,babylon is /ill ! burd5 ( a nurs]y rhyme1 & ,egypt 7) its enorm\s population ( pr9cesses await+ re9c>nation7 is /ill ! topic ( an unnecess>y numb] ( novels4 ,b a tradition is g5]ally a tru?2 s long z ! tradition is suffici5tly popul>2 ev5 if x is almo/ vulg>4 ,& !re is a significance 9 ?is ,babylonian & ,egyptian elem5t 9 nurs]y rhymes & novels2 ev5 ! newspap]s1 normally s mu* beh9d ! times1 h already got z f> z ! reign ( ,tutankham54 ,! fir/ reason is full ( ! common s5se ( popul> leg5d2 x is ! simple fact t we d "k m ( ^! traditional ?+s ?an ( o!r contempor>y ?+s2 & t we always did4 ,all travell]s f ,h]odotus to ,"l ,c>n>von foll[ ?is r\te4 ,sci5tific speculations ( to-day d inde$ spread out a map ( ! :ole primitive _w1 ) /reams ( racial emigration or admixture m>k$ 9 dott$ l9es ev]y:]e2 ov] spaces :i* ! unsci5tific m$ieval map-mak] w\ld h be5 cont5t to call #8t]ra incognita1' if he did n fill ! invit+ blank ) a picture ( a dragon1 to indicate ! probable reception giv5 to pilgrims4 ,b ^! speculations are only speculations at ! be/2 & at ! wor/ ! dott$ l9es c be f> m fabul\s ?an ! dragon4 ,!re is un=tunately "o fallacy "h into :i* x is v easy = m5 to fall1 ev5 ^? :o are mo/ intellig5t & p]haps especially ^? :o are mo/ imag9ative4 ,x is ! fallacy ( suppos+ t because an idea is great] 9 ! s5se ( l>g]1 !re=e x is great] 9 ! s5se ( m fundam5tal & fix$ & c]ta94 ,if a man lives alone 9 a /raw hut 9 ! middle ( ,?ibet1 he may be told t he is liv+ 9 ! ,*9ese ,empire2 & ! ,*9ese ,empire is c]ta9ly a spl5did & spaci\s & impressive ?+4 ,or alt]natively he may be told t he is liv+ 9 ! ,briti% ,empire1 & be duly impress$4 ,b ! curi\s ?+ is t 9 c]ta9 m5tal /ates he c feel mu* m c]ta9 ab\t ! ,*9ese ,empire t he _c see ?an ab\t ! /raw hut t he c see4 ,he has "s /range magical juggle 9 8 m9d1 by :i* 8 argum5t beg9s ) ! empire ?\gh 8 exp]i5ce beg9s ) ! hut4 ,sometimes he goes mad & appe>s to be prov+ t a /raw hut _c exi/ 9 ! doma9s ( ! ,dragon ,?rone2 t x is impossible = su* a civilisation z he enjoys to conta9 su* a hovel z he inhabits4 ,b 8 insanity arises f ! intellectual slip ( suppos+ t because ,*9a is a l>ge & all-embrac+ hypo!sis1 !re=e x is some?+ m ?an a hypo!sis4 ,n[ mod]n p are p]petually argu+ 9 ?is way2 & !y ext5d x to ?+s mu* less real & c]ta9 ?an ! ,*9ese ,empire4 ,!y seem to =get1 = in/ance1 t a man is n ev5 c]ta9 ( ! ,sol> ,sy/em z he is c]ta9 ( ! ,s\? ,d[ns4 ,! ,sol> ,sy/em is a d$uction1 & d\btless a true d$uction2 b ! po9t is t x is a v va/ & f>-rea*+ d$uction1 & !re=e he =gets t x is a d$uction at all & treats x z a fir/ pr9ciple4 ,he might discov] t ! :ole calculation is a miscalculation2 & ! sun & />s & /reet lamps w\ld look exactly ! same4 ,b he has =gott5 t x is a calculation1 & is almo/ ready to contradict ! sun if x does n fit into ! ,sol> ,sy/em4 ,if ?is is a fallacy ev5 9 ! case ( facts pretty well asc]ta9$1 su* z ! ,sol> ,sy/em & ! ,*9ese ,empire1 x is an ev5 m deva/at+ fallacy 9 connection ) !ories & o!r ?+s t are n really asc]ta9$ at all4 ,?us hi/ory1 especially prehi/oric hi/ory1 has a horrible habit ( beg9n+ ) c]ta9 g5]alisations ab\t races4 ,i w n describe ! disord] & mis]y ?is inv]sion has produc$ 9 mod]n politics4 ,because ! race is vaguely suppos$ to h produc$ ! nation1 m5 talk z if ! nation 7 some?+ vagu] ?an ! race4 ,because !y h !mselves inv5t$ a reason to expla9 a result1 !y almo/ d5y ! result 9 ord] to ju/ify ! reason4 ,!y fir/ treat a ,celt z an axiom & !n treat an ,iri%man z an inf]5ce4 ,& !n !y are surpris$ t a great fight+1 ro>+ ,iri%man is angry at be+ treat$ z an inf]5ce4 ,!y _c see t ! ,iri% are ,iri% :e!r or no !y are ,celtic1 :e!r or no !re ev] 7 any ,celts4 ,& :at misleads !m once m is ! size ( ! !ory2 ! s5se t ! fancy is bigg] ?an ! fact4 ,a great scatt]$ ,celtic race is suppos$ to conta9 ! ,iri%1 s ( c\rse ! ,iri% mu/ dep5d = _! v exi/5ce ^u x4 ,! same confusion1 ( c\rse1 has elim9at$ ! ,engli% & ! ,g]mans by swamp+ !m 9 ! ,teutonic race2 & "s tri$ to prove f ! races be+ at "o t ! nations c\ld n be at w>4 ,b ,i only give ^! vulg> & hackney$ examples 9 pass+1 z m famili> examples ( ! fallacy2 ! matt] at issue "h is n its application to ^! mod]n ?+s b r to ! mo/ anci5t ?+s4 ,b ! m remote & unrecord$ 0 ! racial problem1 ! m fix$ 0 ?is curi\s inv]t$ c]ta9ty 9 ! ,victorian man ( sci5ce4 ,to ?is day x gives a man ( ^? sci5tific traditions ! same sort ( %ock to "q ^! ?+s1 :i* 7 only ! la/ inf]5ces :5 he turn$ !m into fir/ pr9ciples4 ,he is /ill m c]ta9 t he is an ,aryan ev5 ?an t he is an ,anglo-,saxon1 j z he is m c]ta9 t he is an ,anglo-,saxon ?an t he is an ,engli%man4 ,he has nev] really discov]$ t he is a ,european4 ,b he has nev] d\bt$ t he is an ,indo-,european4 ,^! ,victorian !ories h %ift$ a great deal 9 _! %ape & scope2 b ?is habit ( a rapid h>d5+ ( a hypo!sis into a !ory1 & ( a !ory into an assumption1 has h>dly yet gone out ( fa%ion4 ,p _c easily get rid ( ! m5tal confusion ( feel+ t ! f\ndations ( hi/ory mu/ surely be secure2 t ! fir/ /eps mu/ be safe2 t ! bigge/ g5]alisation mu/ be obvi\s4 ,b ?\gh ! contradiction may seem to !m a p>adox1 ?is is ! v contr>y ( ! tru?4 ,x is ! l>ge ?+ t is secret & invisible2 x is ! small ?+ t is evid5t & enorm\s4 ,e race on ! face ( ! e>? has be5 ! subject ( ^! speculations1 & x is impossible ev5 to sugge/ an outl9e ( ! subject4 ,b if we take ! ,european race alone1 its hi/ory1 or r its prehi/ory1 has und]gone _m retrospective revolutions 9 ! %ort p]iod ( my own lifetime4 ,x us$ to be call$ ! ,caucasian race2 & ,i read 9 *ildhood an acc\nt ( its collision ) ! ,mongolian race2 x 0 writt5 by ,bret ,h>te & op5$ ) ! qu]y1 #8,or is ! ,caucasian play$ out8' ,app>5tly ! ,caucasian 0 play$ out1 = 9 a v %ort "t he _h be5 turn$ into ! ,indo-,european man2 sometimes1 ,i regret to say1 pr\dly pres5t$ z ! ,indo-,g]manic man4 ,x seems t ! ,h9du & ! ,g]man h simil> words = "m or fa!r2 !re 7 o!r simil>ities betwe5 ,sanskrit & v>i\s ,we/]n tongues2 & ) t all sup]ficial diff]5ces betwe5 a ,h9du & a ,g]man seem$ sudd5ly to disappe>4 ,g5]ally ?is composite p]son 0 m conv5i5tly describ$ z ! ,aryan1 & ! really important po9t 0 t he _h m>*$ we/w>d out ( ^? high l&s ( ,india :]e fragm5ts ( 8 language c\ld /ill be f\nd4 ,:5 ,i read ?is z a *ild1 ,i _h ! fancy t aft] all ! ,aryan ne$ n h m>*$ we/w>d & left 8 language beh9d him2 he might also h m>*$ ea/w>d & tak5 8 language ) him4 ,if ,i 7 to read x n[1 ,i %\ld cont5t myself ) confess+ my ignorance ( ! :ole matt]4 ,b z a matt] ( fact ,i h great difficulty 9 read+ x n[1 because x is n be+ writt5 n[4 ,x looks z if ! ,aryan is also play$ out4 ,anyh[ he has n m]ely *ang$ 8 "n b *ang$ 8 address2 8 />t+-place & 8 r\te ( travel4 ,"o new !ory ma9ta9s t our race did n come to its pres5t home f ! ,ea/ b f ! ,s\?4 ,"s say ! ,europeans did n come f ,asia b f ,africa4 ,"s h ev5 _h ! wild idea t ! ,europeans came f ,europe2 or r t !y nev] left x4 ,!n !re is a c]ta9 am\nt ( evid5ce ( a m or less prehi/oric pressure f ! ,nor?1 su* z t :i* seems to h br\ght ! ,greeks to inh]it ! ,cretan culture & s (t5 br\ght ! ,gauls ov] ! hills into ! fields ( ,italy4 ,b ,i m]ely m5tion ?is example ( ,european e?nology to po9t out t ! le>n$ h pretty well box$ ! compass by ?is "t2 & t ,i1 :o am n "o ( ! le>n$1 _c pret5d = a mom5t to decide :]e su* doctors disagree4 ,b ,i c use my own common s5se1 & ,i sometimes fancy t !irs is a little ru/y f want ( use4 ,! fir/ act ( common s5se is to recognise ! diff]5ce betwe5 a cl\d & a m\nta94 ,& ,i w affirm t nobody kn[s any ( ^! ?+s1 9 ! s5se t we all "k ( ! exi/5ce ( ! ,pyramids ( ,egypt4 ,! tru?1 x may be repeat$1 is t :at we really see1 z di/9ct f :at we may reasonably guess1 9 ?is e>lie/ phase ( hi/ory is d>kness cov]+ ! e>? & great d>kness ! peoples1 ) a light or two gleam+ "h & !re on *ance pat*es ( humanity2 & t two ( ^! flames d burn ^u two ( ^! tall primeval t[ns2 ^u ! high t]races ( ,babylon & ! huge pyramids ( ! ,nile4 ,!re are inde$ o!r anci5t lights1 or lights t may be conjectur$ to be v anci5t1 9 v remote p>ts ( t va/ wild]ness ( night4 ,f> away to ! ,ea/ !re is a high civilisation ( va/ antiquity 9 ,*9a2 !re are ! rema9s ( civilisations 9 ,mexico & ,s\? ,am]ica & o!r places1 "s ( !m app>5tly s high 9 civilisation z to h rea*$ ! mo/ ref9$ =ms ( devil-wor%ip4 ,b ! diff]5ce lies 9 ! elem5t ( tradition2 ! tradition ( ^! lo/ cultures has be5 brok5 (f1 & ?\gh ! tradition ( ,*9a /ill lives1 x is d\btful :e!r we "k any?+ ab\t x4 ,moreov]1 a man try+ to measure ! ,*9ese antiquity has to use ,*9ese traditions ( measurem5t2 & he has a /range s5sation ( hav+ pass$ into ano!r _w "u o!r laws ( "t & space4 ,"t is telescop$ outw>ds1 & c5turies assume ! sl[ & /iff movem5t ( aeons2 ! :ite man try+ to see x z ! yell[ man sees1 feels z if 8 head 7 turn+ r\nd & wond]s wildly :e!r x is gr[+ a pigtail4 ,anyh[ he _c take 9 a sci5tific s5se t que] p]spective t leads up to ! primeval pagoda ( ! fir/ ( ! ,sons ( ,heav54 ,he is 9 ! real antipodes2 ! only true alt]native _w to ,*ri/5dom2 & he is aft] a fa%ion walk+ upside d[n4 ,i h spok5 ( ! m$ieval map-mak] & 8 dragon2 b :at m$ieval travell]1 h[ev] mu* int]e/$ 9 mon/]s1 w\ld expect to f9d a c\ntry :]e a dragon is a b5evol5t & amiable be+8 ,( ! m s]i\s side ( ,*9ese tradition some?+ w be said 9 ano!r connection2 b "h ,i am only talk+ ( tradition & ! te/ ( antiquity4 ,& ,i only m5tion ,*9a z an antiquity t is n = u rea*$ by a bridge ( tradition2 & ,babylon & ,egypt z antiquities t are4 ,h]odotus is a human be+1 9 a s5se 9 :i* a ,*9aman 9 a billycock hat1 sitt+ opposite to u 9 a ,london tea-%op1 is h>dly human4 ,we feel z if we knew :at ,david & ,isaiah felt l1 9 a way 9 :i* we nev] 7 q c]ta9 :at ,li ,hung ,*ang felt l4 ,! v s9s t snat*$ away ,hel5 or ,ba?%eba h pass$ into a prov]b ( private human weakness1 ( pa?os & ev5 ( p>don4 ,! v virtues ( ! ,*9aman h ab\t !m some?+ t]rify+4 ,?is is ! diff]5ce made by ! de/ruction or pres]vation ( a cont9u\s hi/orical inh]itance2 z f anci5t ,egypt to mod]n ,europe4 ,b :5 we ask :at 0 t _w t we inh]it1 & :y ^? p>ticul> p & places seem to belong to x1 we are l$ to ! c5tral fact ( civilis$ hi/ory4 ,t c5tre 0 ! ,m$it]ranean2 :i* 0 n s mu* a piece ( wat] z a _w4 ,b x 0 a _w ) some?+ ( ! "* ( su* a wat]2 = x became m & m a place ( unification 9 :i* ! /reams ( /range & v div]se cultures met4 ,! ,nile & ! ,tib] alike fl[ into ! ,m$it]ranean2 s did ! ,egyptian & ! ,etrurian alike contribute to a ,m$it]ranean civilisation4 ,! glam\r ( ! great sea spread inde$ v f> inl&1 & ! unity 0 felt among ! ,arabs alone 9 ! des]ts & ! ,gauls beyond ! nor!rn hills4 ,b ! gradual build+ up ( a common culture runn+ r\nd all ! coa/s ( ?is inn] sea is ! ma9 bus9ess ( antiquity4 ,z w be se51 x 0 sometimes a bad bus9ess z well z a good bus9ess4 ,9 t orbis t]r>um or circle ( l&s !re 7 ! extremes ( evil & ( piety1 !re 7 contra/$ races & /ill m contra/$ religions4 ,x 0 ! sc5e ( an endless /ruggle betwe5 ,asia & ,europe f ! flight ( ! ,p]sian %ips at ,salamis to ! flight ( ! ,turki% %ips at ,lepanto4 ,x 0 ! sc5e1 z w be m especially sugge/$ lat]1 ( a supreme spiritual /ruggle betwe5 ! two types ( paganism1 confront+ ea* o!r 9 ! ,lat9 & ! ,pho5ician cities2 9 ! ,roman =um & ! ,punic m>t4 ,x 0 ! _w ( w> & peace1 ! _w ( good & evil1 ! _w ( all t matt]s mo/2 ) all respect to ! ,aztecs & ! ,mongols ( ! ,f> ,ea/1 !y did n matt] z ! ,m$it]ranean tradition matt]$ & /ill matt]s4 ,betwe5 x & ! ,f> ,ea/ !re 71 ( c\rse1 int]e/+ cults & conque/s ( v>i\s k9ds1 m or less 9 t\* ) x1 & 9 proportion z !y 7 s intelligible also to u4 ,! ,p]sians came rid+ 9 to make an end ( ,babylon2 & we are told 9 a ,greek /ory h[ ^! b>b>ians le>n$ to draw ! b[ & tell ! tru?4 ,alex&] ! great ,greek m>*$ ) 8 ,mac$onians into ! sunrise1 & br\ght back /range birds col\r$ l ! sunrise cl\ds & /range fl[]s & jewels f ! g>d5s & treasuries ( nameless k+s4 ,islam w5t ea/w>d into t _w & made x p>tly imag9able to u2 precisely because ,islam itself 0 born 9 t circle ( l&s t fr+$ our own anci5t & ance/ral sea4 ,9 ! ,middle ,ages ! empire ( ! ,moguls increas$ its maje/y )\t los+ its my/]y2 ! ,t>t>s conqu]$ ,*9a & ! ,*9ese app>5tly took v little notice ( !m4 ,all ^! ?+s are int]e/+ 9 !mselves2 b x is impossible to %ift ! c5tre ( gravity to ! inl& spaces ( ,asia f ! inl& sea ( ,europe4 ,:5 all is said1 if !re 7 no?+ 9 ! _w b :at 0 said & done & writt5 & built 9 ! l&s ly+ r\nd ! ,m$it]ranean1 x w\ld /ill be 9 all ! mo/ vital & valuable ?+s ! _w 9 :i* we live4 ,:5 t s\!rn culture spread to ! nor?-we/ x produc$ _m v wond]ful ?+s2 ( :i* d\btless we ourselves are ! mo/ wond]ful4 ,:5 x spread !nce to colonies & new c\ntries1 x 0 /ill ! same culture s long z x 0 culture at all4 ,b r\nd t little sea l a lake 7 ! ?+s !mselves1 ap>t f all ext5sions & e*oes & comm5t>ies on ! ?+s2 ! ,republic & ! ,*ur*2 ! ,bible & ! h]oic epics2 ,islam & ,israel & ! memories ( ! lo/ empires2 ,ari/otle & ! measure ( all ?+s4 ,x is because ! fir/ light ^u ?is _w is really light1 ! daylight 9 :i* we are /ill walk+ to-day1 & n m]ely ! d\btful visitation ( /range />s1 t ,i h begun "h ) not+ :]e t light fir/ falls on ! t[]$ cities ( ! ea/]n ,m$it]ranean4 ,b ?\gh ,babylon & ,egypt h ?us a sort ( fir/ claim1 9 ! v fact ( be+ famili> & traditional1 fasc9at+ riddles to u b also fasc9at+ riddles to our fa!rs1 we mu/ n imag9e t !y 7 ! only old civilisations on ! s\!rn sea2 or t all ! civilisation 0 m]ely ,sum]ian or ,semitic or ,coptic1 /ill less m]ely ,asiatic or ,african4 ,real rese>* is m & m exalt+ ! anci5t civilisation ( ,europe & especially ( :at we may /ill vaguely call ! ,greeks4 ,x mu/ be und]/ood 9 ! s5se t !re 7 ,greeks be=e ! ,greeks1 z 9 s _m ( _! my?ologies !re 7 gods be=e ! gods4 ,! isl& ( ,crete 0 ! c5tre ( ! civilisation n[ call$ ,m9oan1 aft] ! ,m9os :o l+]$ 9 anci5t leg5d & ^: labyr9? 0 actually discov]$ by mod]n ar*eology4 ,?is elaborate ,european society1 ) its h>b\rs & its dra9age & its dome/ic ma*9]y1 seems to h gone d[n be=e "s invasion ( its nor!rn neighb\rs1 :o made or inh]it$ ! ,hellas we "k 9 hi/ory4 ,b t e>li] p]iod did n pass till x _h giv5 to ! _w gifts s great t ! _w has ev] s9ce be5 /riv+ 9 va9 to repay !m1 if only by plagi>ism4 ,some:]e along ! ,ionian coa/ opposite ,crete & ! isl&s 0 a t[n ( "s sort1 probably ( ! sort t we %\ld call a village or hamlet ) a wall4 ,x 0 call$ ,ilion b x came to be call$ ,troy1 & ! "n w nev] p]i% f ! e>?4 ,a poet :o may h be5 a begg> & a balladmong]1 :o may h be5 unable to read & write1 & 0 describ$ by tradition z bl9d1 compos$ a poem ab\t ! ,greeks go+ to w> ) ?is t[n to recov] ! mo/ beautiful woman 9 ! _w4 ,t ! mo/ beautiful woman 9 ! _w liv$ 9 t "o little t[n s\nds l a leg5d2 t ! mo/ beautiful poem 9 ! _w 0 writt5 by somebody :o knew ( no?+ l>g] ?an su* little t[ns is a hi/orical fact4 ,x is said t ! poem came at ! end ( ! p]iod2 t ! primitive culture br\ght x =? 9 its decay2 9 :i* case "o w\ld l to h se5 t culture 9 its prime4 ,b anyh[ x is true t ?is1 :i* is our fir/ poem1 might v well be our la/ poem too4 ,x might well be ! la/ ^w z well z ! fir/ ^w spok5 by man ab\t 8 mortal lot1 z se5 by m]ely mortal vision4 ,if ! _w becomes pagan & p]i%es1 ! la/ man left alive w\ld d well to quote ! ,iliad & die4 ,b 9 ?is "o great human revelation ( antiquity !re is ano!r elem5t ( great hi/orical importance2 :i* has h>dly ,i ?9k be5 giv5 its prop] place 9 hi/ory4 ,! poet has s conceiv$ ! poem t 8 sympa?ies app>5tly1 & ^? ( 8 read] c]ta9ly1 are on ! side ( ! vanqui%$ r ?an ( ! victor4 ,& ?is is a s5tim5t :i* increases 9 ! poetical tradition ev5 z ! poetical orig9 itself rec$es4 ,a*illes _h "s /atus z a sort ( demigod 9 pagan times2 b he disappe>s altoge!r 9 lat] times4 ,b ,hector gr[s great] z ! ages pass2 & x is 8 "n t is ! "n ( a ,knight ( ! ,r\nd ,table & 8 sword t leg5d puts into ! h& ( ,rol&1 lay+ ab\t him ) ! weapon ( ! defeat$ ,hector 9 ! la/ ru9 & spl5d\r ( 8 own defeat4 ,! "n anticipates all ! defeats ?r\gh :i* our race & religion 7 to pass2 t survival ( a hundr$ defeats t is its triumph4 ,! tale ( ! end ( ,troy %all h no end+2 = x is lift$ up = ev] into liv+ e*oes1 immortal z our hopelessness & our hope4 ,troy /&+ 0 a small ?+ t may h /ood nameless = ages4 ,b ,troy fall+ has be5 caught up 9 a flame & susp5d$ 9 an immortal in/ant ( annihilation2 & because x 0 de/roy$ ) fire ! fire %all nev] be de/roy$4 ,& z ) ! city s ) ! h]o2 trac$ 9 ar*aic l9es 9 t primeval twilight is f\nd ! fir/ figure ( ! ,knight4 ,!re is a prophetic co9cid5ce 9 8 title2 we h spok5 ( ! ^w *ivalry & h[ x seems to m+le ! horseman ) ! horse4 ,x is almo/ anticipat$ ages be=e 9 ! ?und] ( ! ,hom]ic hexamet]1 & t long leap+ ^w ) :i* ! ,iliad ends4 ,x is t v unity = :i* we c f9d no "n b ! holy c5taur ( *ivalry4 ,b !re are o!r reasons = giv+ 9 ?is glimpse ( antiquity ! flame ^u ! sacr$ t[n4 ,! sanctity ( su* t[ns ran l a fire r\nd ! coa/s & isl&s ( ! nor!rn ,m$it]ranean2 ! high-f5c$ hamlet = :i* h]oes di$4 ,f ! smallness ( ! city came ! greatness ( ! citiz54 ,hellas ) h] hundr$ /atues produc$ no?+ /ateli] ?an t walk+ /atue2 ! ideal ( ! self-comm&+ man4 ,hellas ( ! hundr$ /atues 0 "o leg5d & lit]ature2 & all t labyr9? ( little wall$ nations res\nd$ ) ! lam5t ( ,troy4 ,a lat] leg5d1 an aft]?\ght b n an accid5t1 said t /raggl]s f ,troy f\nd$ a republic on ! ,italian %ore4 ,x 0 true 9 _s t republican virtue _h su* a root4 ,a my/]y ( hon\r1 t 0 n born ( ,babylon or ! ,egyptian pride1 !re %one l ! %ield ( ,hector1 defy+ ,asia & ,africa2 till ! light ( a new day 0 loos5$1 ) ! ru%+ ( ! eagles & ! com+ ( ! "n2 ! "n t came l a ?und]clap1 :5 ! _w woke to ,rome4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,god ,,& ,,comp>ative ,,religion ,i 0 once escort$ ov] ! ,roman f\ndations ( an anci5t ,briti% city by a pr(essor1 :o said some?+ t seems to me a satire on a good _m o!r pr(essors4 ,possibly ! pr(essor saw ! joke1 ?\gh he ma9ta9$ an iron gravity1 & may or may n h realis$ t x 0 a joke aga9/ a great deal ( :at is call$ comp>ative religion4 ,i po9t$ out a sculpture ( ! head ( ! sun ) ! usual halo ( rays1 b ) ! diff]5ce t ! face 9 ! disc1 in/ead ( be+ boyi% l ,apollo1 0 be>d$ l ,neptune or ,jupit]4 #8,yes1' he said ) a c]ta9 delicate exactitude1 #8t is suppos$ to repres5t ! local god ,sul4 ,! be/ au?orities id5tify ,sul ) ,m9]va2 b ?is has be5 held to %[ t ! id5tification is n complete4' ,t is :at we call a p[]ful und]/atem5t4 ,! mod]n _w is madd] ?an any satires on x2 long ago ,mr4 ,belloc made 8 burlesque don say t a bu/ ( ,ariadne _h be5 prov$ by mod]n rese>* to be a ,sil5us4 ,b t is n bett] ?an ! real appe>ance ( ,m9]va z ! ,be>d$ ,woman ( ,mr4 ,b>num4 ,only bo? ( !m are v l _m id5tifications by #8! be/ au?orities' on comp>ative religion2 & :5 ,ca?olic cre$s are id5tifi$ ) v>i\s wild my?s1 ,i d n laugh or curse or misbehave myself2 ,i conf9e myself decor\sly to say+ t ! id5tification is n complete4 ,9 ! days ( my y\? ! ,religion ( ,humanity 0 a t]m commonly appli$ to ,comtism1 ! !ory ( c]ta9 rationali/s :o wor%ipp$ corporate mank9d z a ,supreme ,be+4 ,ev5 9 ! days ( my y\? ,i rem>k$ t !re 0 some?+ slightly odd ab\t despis+ & dismiss+ ! doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity z a my/ical & ev5 maniacal contradiction2 & !n ask+ u to adore a deity :o is a hundr$ million p]sons 9 "o ,god1 nei!r conf\nd+ ! p]sons nor divid+ ! sub/ance4 ,b !re is ano!r entity1 m or less def9able & mu* m imag9able ?an ! _m-head$ & mon/r\s idol ( mank9d4 ,& x has a mu* bett] "r to be call$1 9 a reasonable s5se1 ! religion ( humanity4 ,man is n inde$ ! idol2 b man is almo/ ev]y:]e ! idolator4 ,& ^! multitud9\s idolatries ( mank9d h some?+ ab\t !m 9 _m ways m human & sympa!tic ?an mod]n metaphysical ab/ractions4 ,if an ,asiatic god has ?ree heads & sev5 arms1 !re is at lea/ 9 x an idea ( mat]ial inc>nation br++ an unkn[n p[] ne>] to u & n f>!r away4 ,b if our fri5ds ,br[n1 ,jones1 & ,rob9son1 :5 out = a ,sunday walk1 7 trans=m$ & amalgamat$ into an ,asiatic idol be=e our eyes1 !y w\ld surely seem f>!r away4 ,if ! arms ( ,br[n & ! legs ( ,rob9son wav$ f ! same composite body1 !y w\ld seem to be wav+ some?+ ( a sad f>ewell4 ,if ! heads ( all ?ree g5tlem5 appe>$ smil+ on ! same neck1 we %\ld hesitate ev5 by :at "n to address our new & some:at abnormal fri5d4 ,9 ! _m-head$ & _m-h&$ ,ori5tal idol !re is a c]ta9 s5se ( my/]ies becom+ at lea/ p>tly intelligible2 ( =mless =ces ( nature tak+ "s d>k b mat]ial =m1 b ?\gh ?is may be true ( ! multi=m god x is n s ( ! multi=m man4 ,! human be+s become less human by becom+ less sep>ate2 we might say less human 9 be+ less lonely4 ,! human be+s become less intelligible z !y become less isolat$2 we might say ) /rict tru? t ! clos] !y are to u ! f>!r !y are away4 ,an ,e?ical ,hymn-book ( ?is humanit>ian sort ( religion 0 c>efully select$ & expurgat$ on ! pr9ciple ( pres]v+ any?+ human & elim9at+ any?+ div9e4 ,"o consequ5ce 0 t a hymn appe>$ 9 ! am5d$ =m ( #8,ne>] ,mank9d to ,!e1 ,ne>] to ,!e4' ,x always sugge/$ to me ! s5sations ( a /rap-hang] dur+ a cru% on ! ,tube4 ,b x is /range & wond]ful h[ f> away ! s\ls ( m5 c seem1 :5 _! bodies are s ne> z all t4 ,! human unity ) :i* ,i deal "h is n to be conf\nd$ ) ?is mod]n indu/rial monotony & h]d+1 :i* is r a conge/ion ?an a communion4 ,x is a ?+ to :i* human gr\ps left to !mselves1 & ev5 human individuals left to !mselves1 h ev]y:]e t5d$ by an in/9ct t may truly be call$ human4 ,l all heal?y human ?+s1 x has v>i$ v mu* )9 ! limits ( a g5]al "*2 = t is *>act]i/ic ( ev]y?+ belong+ to t anci5t l& ( lib]ty t lies be=e & ar\nd ! s]vile indu/rial t[n4 ,indu/rialism actually boa/s t its products are all ( "o patt]n2 t m5 9 ,jamaica or ,japan c break ! same seal & dr9k ! same bad :isky1 t a man at ! ,nor? ,pole & ano!r at ! ,s\? might recognise ! same optimi/ic label on ! same dubi\s t9n$ salmon4 ,b w9e1 ! gift ( gods to m51 c v>y ) e valley & e v9ey>d1 c turn into a hundr$ w9es )\t any w9e once rem9d+ u ( :isky2 & *eeses c *ange f c\nty to c\nty )\t =gett+ ! diff]5ce betwe5 *alk & *eese4 ,:5 ,i am speak+ ( ?is ?+1 !re=e1 ,i am speak+ ( some?+ t d\btless includes v wide diff]5ces2 nev]!less ,i w "h ma9ta9 t x is "o ?+4 ,i w ma9ta9 t mo/ ( ! mod]n bo!ration comes f n realis+ t x is really "o ?+4 ,i w advance ! !sis t be=e all talk ab\t comp>ative religion & ! sep>ate religi\s f\nd]s ( ! _w1 ! fir/ ess5tial is to recognise ?is ?+ z a :ole1 z a ?+ almo/ native & normal to ! great fell[%ip t we call mank9d4 ,?is ?+ is ,paganism2 & ,i propose to %[ 9 ^! pages t x is ! "o real rival to ! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/4 ,comp>ative religion is v comp>ative inde$4 ,t is1 x is s mu* a matt] ( degree & di/ance & diff]5ce t x is only comp>atively successful :5 x tries to comp>e4 ,:5 we come to look at x closely we f9d x comp>+ ?+s t are really q incomp>able4 ,we are accu/om$ to see a table or catalogue ( ! _w's great religions 9 p>allel columns1 until we fancy !y are really p>allel4 ,we are accu/om$ to see ! names ( ! great religi\s f\nd]s all 9 a r[3 ,*ri/2 ,mahomet2 ,buddha2 ,confucius4 ,b 9 tru? ?is is only a trick2 ano!r ( ^! optical illusions by :i* any objects may be put into a p>ticul> relation by %ift+ to a p>ticul> po9t ( sight4 ,^? religions & religi\s f\nd]s1 or r ^? :om we *oose to lump toge!r z religions & religi\s f\nd]s1 d n really %[ any common "*4 ,! illusion is p>tly produc$ by ,islam com+ imm$iately aft] ,*ri/ianity 9 ! li/2 z ,islam did come aft] ,*ri/ianity & 0 l>gely an imitation ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,b ! o!r ea/]n religions1 or :at we call religions1 n only d n resemble ! ,*ur* b d n resemble ea* o!r4 ,:5 we come to ,confucianism at ! end ( ! li/1 we come to some?+ 9 a totally diff]5t _w ( ?\ght4 ,to comp>e ! ,*ri/ian & ,confucian religions is l comp>+ a !i/ ) an ,engli% squire or ask+ :e!r a man is a believ] 9 immortality or a hundr$-p]-c5t ,am]ican4 ,confucianism may be a civilisation b x is n a religion4 ,9 tru? ! ,*ur* is too unique to prove h]self unique4 ,= mo/ popul> & easy pro( is by p>allel2 & "h !re is no p>allel4 ,x is n easy1 !re=e1 to expose ! fallacy by :i* a false classification is creat$ to swamp a unique ?+1 :5 x really is a unique ?+4 ,z !re is n[h]e else exactly ! same fact1 s !re is n[h]e else exactly ! same fallacy4 ,b ,i w take ! ne>e/ ?+ ,i c f9d to su* a solit>y social ph5om5on1 9 ord] to %[ h[ x is ?us swamp$ & assimilat$4 ,i imag9e mo/ ( u w\ld agree t !re is some?+ unusual & unique ab\t ! position ( ! ,jews4 ,!re is no?+ t is q 9 ! same s5se an int]national nation2 an anci5t culture scatt]$ 9 diff]5t c\ntries b /ill di/9ct & inde/ructible4 ,n[ ?is bus9ess is l an attempt to make a li/ ( nomadic nations 9 ord] to s(t5 ! /range solitude ( ! ,jew4 ,x w\ld be easy en\gh to d x1 by ! same process ( putt+ a plausible approximation fir/1 & !n tail+ (f into totally diff]5t ?+s ?r[n 9 someh[ to make up ! li/4 ,?us 9 ! new li/ ( nomadic nations ! ,jews w\ld be foll[$ by ! ,gypsies2 :o at lea/ are really nomadic if !y are n really national4 ,!n ! pr(essor ( ! new sci5ce ( ,comp>ative ,nomadics c\ld pass easily on to some?+ diff]5t2 ev5 if x 0 v diff]5t4 ,he c\ld rem>k on ! w&]+ adv5ture ( ! ,engli% :o _h scatt]$ _! colonies ov] s _m seas2 & call !m nomads4 ,x is q true t a great _m ,engli%m5 seem to be /rangely re/less 9 ,engl&4 ,x is q true t n all ( !m h left _! c\ntry = _! c\ntry's good4 ,! mom5t we m5tion ! w&]+ empire ( ! ,engli%1 we mu/ add ! /range exil$ empire ( ! ,iri%4 ,= x is a curi\s fact1 to be not$ 9 our imp]ial lit]ature1 t ! same ubiquity & unre/ :i* is a pro( ( ,engli% ent]prise & triumph is a pro( ( ,iri% futility & failure4 ,!n ! pr(essor ( ,nomadism w\ld look r\nd ?\ghtfully & rememb] t !re 0 great talk rec5tly ( ,g]man wait]s1 ,g]man b>b]s1 ,g]man cl]ks1 ,g]mans naturalis+ !mselves 9 ,engl& & ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ! ,s\? ,am]ican republics4 ,! ,g]mans w\ld g d[n z ! fif? nomadic race2 ! words ,w&]lu/ & ,folk-,w&]+ w\ld come 9 v useful "h4 ,= !re really h be5 hi/orians :o expla9$ ! ,crusades by sugge/+ t ! ,g]mans 7 f\nd w&]+ 7z ! police say7 9 :at happ5$ to be ! neighb\rhood ( ,pale/9e4 ,!n ! pr(essor1 feel+ he 0 n[ ne> ! end1 w\ld make a la/ leap 9 desp]ation4 ,he w\ld recall ! fact t ! ,fr5* ,army has captur$ ne>ly e capital 9 ,europe1 t x m>*$ across c\ntless conqu]$ l&s "u ,*>lemagne or ,napoleon2 & t w\ld be w&]lu/1 & t w\ld be ! note ( a nomadic race4 ,?us he w\ld h 8 six nomadic nations all compact & complete1 & w\ld feel t ! ,jew 0 no long] a sort ( my/]i\s & ev5 my/ical exception4 ,b p ) m common s5se w\ld probably realise t he _h only ext5d$ nomadism by ext5d+ ! mean+ ( nomadism2 & t he _h ext5d$ t until x really _h no mean+ at all4 ,x is q true t ! ,fr5* soldi] has made "s ( ! f9e/ m>*es 9 all milit>y hi/ory4 ,b x is equally true1 & f> m self-evid5t1 t if ! ,fr5* peasant is n a root$ reality !re is no su* ?+ z a root$ reality 9 ! _w2 or 9 o!r words1 if he is a nomad !re is nobody :o is n a nomad4 ,n[ t is ! sort ( trick t has be5 tri$ 9 ! case ( comp>ative religion & ! _w's religi\s f\nd]s all /&+ respectably 9 a r[4 ,x seeks to classify ,jesus z ! o!r w\ld classify ,jews1 by inv5t+ a new class = ! purpose & fill+ up ! re/ ( x ) /op-gaps & second-rate copies4 ,i d n mean t ^! o!r ?+s are n (t5 great ?+s 9 _! own real "* & class4 ,confucianism & ,buddhism are great ?+s1 b x is n true to call !m ,*ur*es2 j z ! ,fr5* & ,engli% are great peoples1 b x is nons5se to call !m nomads4 ,!re are "s po9ts ( resemblance betwe5 ,*ri/5dom & its imitation 9 ,islam2 = t matt] !re are "s po9ts ( resemblance betwe5 ,jews & ,gypsies4 ,b aft] t ! li/s are made up ( any?+ t comes to h&2 ( any?+ t c be put 9 ! same catalogue )\t be+ 9 ! same category4 ,9 ?is sket* ( religi\s hi/ory1 ) all dec5t def]5ce to m5 mu* m le>n$ ?an myself1 ,i propose to cut across & disreg>d ?is mod]n me?od ( classification1 :i* ,i feel sure has falsifi$ ! facts ( hi/ory4 ,i %all "h submit an alt]native classification ( religion or religions1 :i* ,i believe w\ld be f\nd to cov] all ! facts &1 :at is q z important "h1 all ! fancies4 ,in/ead ( divid+ religion geographically1 & z x 7 v]tically1 into ,*ri/ian1 ,moslem1 ,brahm91 ,buddhi/1 & s on1 ,i w\ld divide x psy*ologically & 9 "s s5se horizontally2 into ! /rata ( spiritual elem5ts & influ5ces t c\ld sometimes exi/ 9 ! same c\ntry1 or ev5 9 ! same man4 ,putt+ ! ,*ur* ap>t = ! mom5t1 ,i %\ld be dispos$ to divide ! natural religion ( ! mass ( mank9d "u su* head+s z ^!3 ,god2 ! ,gods2 ! ,demons2 ! ,philosoph]s4 ,i believe "s su* classification w help u to sort out ! spiritual exp]i5ces ( m5 mu* m successfully ?an ! conv5tional bus9ess ( comp>+ religions2 & t _m fam\s figures w naturally fall into _! place 9 ?is way :o are only =c$ into _! place 9 ! o!r4 ,z ,i %all make use ( ^! titles or t]ms m ?an once 9 n>rative & allusion1 x w be well to def9e at ?is /age = :at ,i mean !m to /&4 ,& ,i w beg9 ) ! fir/1 ! simple/ & ! mo/ sublime1 9 ?is *apt]4 ,9 consid]+ ! elem5ts ( pagan humanity1 we mu/ beg9 by an attempt to describe ! indescribable4 ,_m get ov] ! difficulty ( describ+ x by ! exp$i5t ( d5y+ x1 or at lea/ ignor+ x2 b ! :ole po9t ( x is t x 0 some?+ t 0 nev] q elim9at$ ev5 :5 x 0 ignor$4 ,!y are obsess$ by _! evolution>y monomania t e great ?+ gr[s f a se$1 or some?+ small] ?an itself4 ,!y seem to =get t e se$ comes f a tree1 or f some?+ l>g] ?an itself4 ,n[ !re is v good gr\nd = guess+ t religion did n orig9ally come f "s detail t 0 =gott5 because x 0 too small to be trac$4 ,mu* m probably x 0 an idea t 0 ab&on$ because x 0 too l>ge to be manag$4 ,!re is v good reason to suppose t _m p did beg9 ) ! simple b ov]:elm+ idea ( "o ,god :o gov]ns all2 & aft]w>ds fell away into su* ?+s z demon-wor%ip almo/ z a sort ( secret dissipation4 ,ev5 ! te/ ( savage beliefs1 ( :i* ! folk-lore /ud5ts are s fond1 is admitt$ly (t5 f\nd to support su* a view4 ,"s ( ! v rude/ savages1 primitive 9 e s5se 9 :i* an?ropologi/s use ! ^w1 ! ,au/ralian aborig9es = in/ance1 are f\nd to h a pure mono!ism ) a high moral tone4 ,a mission>y 0 prea*+ to a v wild tribe ( poly!i/s1 :o _h told him all _! poly!i/ic tales1 & tell+ !m 9 return ( ! exi/5ce ( ! "o good ,god :o is a _s & judges m5 by spiritual /&>ds4 ,& !re 0 a sudd5 buzz ( excitem5t among ^! /olid b>b>ians1 z at somebody :o 0 lett+ out a secret1 & !y cri$ to ea* o!r1 #8,atahocan6 ,he is speak+ ( ,atahocan6' ,probably x 0 a po9t ( polit5ess & ev5 dec5cy among ^? poly!i/s n to speak ( ,atahocan4 ,! "n is n p]haps s mu* adapt$ z "s ( our own to direct & solemn religi\s exhortation2 b _m o!r social =ces are always cov]+ up & confus+ su* simple ideas4 ,possibly ! old god /ood = an old morality f\nd irksome 9 m expansive mom5ts2 possibly int]c\rse ) demons 0 m fa%ionable among ! be/ p1 z 9 ! mod]n fa%ion ( ,spiritualism4 ,anyh[1 !re are any numb] ( simil> examples4 ,!y all te/ify to ! unmi/akable psy*ology ( a ?+ tak5 = grant$1 z di/9ct f a ?+ talk$ ab\t4 ,!re is a /rik+ example 9 a tale tak5 d[n ^w = ^w f a ,r$ ,indian 9 ,cali=nia1 :i* />ts out ) he>ty leg5d>y & lit]>y reli%3 #8,! sun is ! fa!r & rul] ( ! heav5s4 ,he is ! big *ief4 ,! moon is 8 wife & ! />s are _! *ildr5'2 & s on ?r\gh a mo/ +5i\s & complicat$ /ory1 9 ! middle ( :i* is a sudd5 p>5!sis say+ t sun & moon h to d some?+ because #8,x is ord]$ t way by ! ,great ,_s ,:o lives above ! place ( all4' ,t is exactly ! attitude ( mo/ paganism t[>ds ,god4 ,he is some?+ assum$ & =gott5 & rememb]$ by accid5t2 a habit possibly n peculi> to pagans4 ,sometimes ! high] deity is rememb]$ 9 ! high] moral grades & is a sort ( my/]y4 ,b always1 x has be5 truly said1 ! savage is talkative ab\t 8 my?ology & taciturn ab\t 8 religion4 ,! ,au/ralian savages1 inde$1 exhibit a topsyturvydom su* z ! anci5ts might h ?\ght truly wor?y ( ! antipodes4 ,! savage :o ?9ks no?+ ( toss+ (f su* a trifle z a tale ( ! sun & moon be+ ! halves ( a baby *opp$ 9 two1 or dropp+ into small-talk ab\t a colossal cosmic c[ milk$ to make ! ra91 m]ely 9 ord] to be sociable1 w !n retire to secret cav]ns seal$ aga9/ wom5 & :ite m51 temples ( t]rible initiation :]e to ! ?und] ( ! bull-ro>] & ! dripp+ ( sacrificial blood1 ! prie/ :isp]s ! f9al secrets kn[n only to ! initiate3 t hone/y is ! be/ policy1 t a little k9dness does nobody any h>m1 t all m5 are bro!rs & t !re is b "o ,god1 ! ,fa!r ,almighty1 mak] ( all ?+s visible & invisible4 ,9 o!r words1 we h "h ! curiosity ( religi\s hi/ory t ! savage seems to be p>ad+ all ! mo/ repulsive & impossible p>ts ( 8 belief & conceal+ all ! mo/ s5sible & cr$itable p>ts4 ,b ! explanation is t !y are n 9 t s5se p>ts ( 8 belief2 or at lea/ n p>ts ( ! same sort ( belief4 ,! my?s are m]ely tall /ories1 ?\gh z tall z ! sky1 ! wat]sp\t1 or ! tropic ra94 ,! my/]ies are true /ories1 & are tak5 secretly t !y may be tak5 s]i\sly4 ,inde$ x is only too easy to =get t !re is a ?rill 9 !ism4 ,a novel 9 :i* a numb] ( sep>ate *>act]s all turn$ out to be ! same "* w\ld c]ta9ly be a s5sational novel4 ,x is s ) ! idea t sun & tree & riv] are ! disguises ( "o god & n ( _m4 ,alas1 we also f9d x only too easy to take ,atahocan = grant$4 ,b :e!r he is all[$ to fade into a truism or pres]v$ z a s5sation by be+ pres]v$ z a secret1 x is cle> t he is always ei!r an old truism or an old tradition4 ,!re is no?+ to %[ t he is an improv$ product ( ! m]e my?ology & ev]y?+ to %[ t he prec$$ x4 ,he is wor%ipp$ by ! simple/ tribes ) no trace ( gho/s or grave-(f]+s1 or any ( ! complications 9 :i* ,h]b]t ,sp5c] & ,grant ,all5 s\ght ! orig9 ( ! simple/ ( all ideas4 ,:atev] else !re 01 !re 0 nev] any su* ?+ z ! ,evolution ( ! ,idea ( ,god4 ,! idea 0 conceal$1 0 avoid$1 0 almo/ =gott51 0 ev5 expla9$ away2 b x 0 nev] evolv$4 ,!re are n a few indications ( ?is *ange 9 o!r places4 ,x is impli$1 = in/ance1 9 ! fact t ev5 poly!ism seems (t5 ! comb9ation ( sev]al mono!isms4 ,a god w ga9 only a m9or seat on ,m\nt ,olympus1 :5 he _h own$ e>? & heav5 & all ! />s :ile he liv$ 9 8 own little valley4 ,l _m a small nation melt+ 9 a great empire1 he gives up local univ]sality only to come "u univ]sal limitation4 ,! v "n ( ,pan sugge/s t he became a god ( ! wood :5 he _h be5 a god ( ! _w4 ,! v "n ( ,jupit] is almo/ a pagan translation ( ! words #8,our ,fa!r :i* art 9 heav54' ,z ) ! ,great ,fa!r symbolis$ by ! sky1 s ) ! ,great ,"m :om we /ill call ,"m ,e>?4 ,demet] & ,c]es & ,cybele (t5 seem to be almo/ incapable ( tak+ ov] ! :ole bus9ess ( godhood1 s t m5 %\ld ne$ no o!r gods4 ,x seems reasonably probable t a good _m m5 did h no o!r gods b "o ( ^!1 wor%ipp$ z ! au?or ( all4 ,ov] "s ( ! mo/ imm5se & popul\s tracts ( ! _w1 su* z ,*9a1 x w\ld seem t ! simpl] idea ( ! ,great ,fa!r has nev] be5 v mu* complicat$ ) rival cults1 ?\gh x may h 9 "s s5se ceas$ to be a cult itself4 ,! be/ au?orities seem to ?9k t ?\gh ,confucianism is 9 "o s5se agno/icism1 x does n directly contradict ! old !ism1 precisely because x has become a r vague !ism4 ,x is "o 9 :i* ,god is call$ ,heav51 z 9 ! case ( polite p]sons tempt$ to swe> 9 draw+-rooms4 ,b ,heav5 is /ill ov]head1 ev5 if x is v f> ov]head4 ,we h all ! impression ( a simple tru? t has rec$$1 until x 0 remote )\t ceas+ to be true4 ,& ?is phrase alone w\ld br+ u back to ! same idea ev5 9 ! pagan my?ology ( ! ,we/4 ,!re is surely some?+ ( ?is v notion ( ! )drawal ( "s high] p[] 9 all ^? my/]i\s & v imag9ative my?s ab\t ! sep>ation ( e>? & sky4 ,9 a hundr$ =ms we are told t heav5 & e>? 7 once lov]s1 or 7 once at "o1 :5 "s up/>t ?+1 (t5 "s undutiful *ild1 ?ru/ !m ap>t2 & ! _w 0 built on an abyss2 ^u a division & a p>t+4 ,"o ( its grosse/ v]sions 0 giv5 by ,greek civilisation 9 ! my? ( ,uranus & ,saturn4 ,"o ( its mo/ *>m+ v]sions 0 t ( "s savage p1 :o say t a little pepp]-plant grew tall] & tall] & lift$ ! :ole sky l a lid2 a beautiful b>b>ic vision ( daybreak = "s ( our pa9t]s :o love t tropical twilight4 ,( my?s1 & ! highly my?ical explanations :i* ! mod]ns (f] ( my?s1 some?+ w be said 9 ano!r section2 = ,i _c b ?9k t mo/ my?ology is on ano!r & m sup]ficial plane4 ,b 9 ?is primeval vision ( ! r5d+ ( "o _w into two !re is surely some?+ m ( ultimate ideas4 ,z to :at x means1 a man w le>n f> m ab\t x by ly+ on 8 back 9 a field1 & m]ely look+ at ! sky1 ?an by read+ all ! libr>ies ev5 ( ! mo/ le>n$ & valuable folk-lore4 ,he w "k :at is meant by say+ t ! sky ought to be ne>] to u ?an x is1 t p]haps x 0 once ne>] ?an x is1 t x is n a ?+ m]ely ali5 & abysmal b 9 "s fa%ion sund]$ f u & say+ f>ewell4 ,!re w creep across 8 m9d ! curi\s sugge/ion t aft] all1 p]haps1 ! my?-mak] 0 n m]ely a moon-calf or village idiot ?9k+ he c\ld cut up ! cl\ds l a cake1 b _h 9 him some?+ m ?an x is fa%ionable to attribute to ! ,troglodyte2 t x is j possible t ,?omas ,hood 0 n talk+ l a ,troglodyte :5 he said t1 z "t w5t on1 ! tree-tops only told him he 0 fur!r (f f heav5 ?an :5 he 0 a boy4 ,b anyh[ ! leg5d ( ,uranus ! ,"l ( ,heav5 de?ron$ by ,saturn ! ,"t ,_s w\ld mean some?+ to ! au?or ( t poem4 ,& x w\ld mean1 among o!r ?+s1 ?is bani%m5t ( ! fir/ fa!rhood4 ,!re is ! idea ( ,god 9 ! v notion t !re 7 gods be=e ! gods4 ,!re is an idea ( great] simplicity 9 all ! allusions to t m anci5t ord]4 ,! sugge/ion is support$ by ! process ( propagation we see 9 hi/oric times4 ,gods & demigods & h]oes bre$ l h]r+s be=e our v eyes1 & sugge/ ( !mselves t ! family may h _h "o f\nd]2 my?ology gr[s m & m complicat$1 & ! v complication sugge/s t at ! beg9n+ x 0 m simple4 ,ev5 on ! ext]nal evid5ce1 ( ! sort call$ sci5tific1 !re is !re=e a v good case = ! sugge/ion t man began ) mono!ism be=e x develop$ or deg5]at$ into poly!ism4 ,b ,i am conc]n$ r ) an int]nal ?an an ext]nal tru?2 &1 z ,i h already said1 ! int]nal tru? is almo/ indescribable4 ,we h to speak ( some?+ ( :i* x is ! :ole po9t t p did n speak ( x2 we h n m]ely to translate f a /range tongue or spee*1 b f a /range sil5ce4 ,i suspect an imm5se implication beh9d all poly!ism & paganism4 ,i suspect we h only a h9t ( x "h & !re 9 ^! savage cre$s or ,greek orig9s4 ,x is n exactly :at we mean by ! pres5ce ( ,god2 9 a s5se x might m truly be call$ ! abs5ce ( ,god4 ,b abs5ce does n mean non-exi/5ce2 & a man dr9k+ ! toa/ ( abs5t fri5ds does n mean t f 8 life all fri5d%ip is abs5t4 ,x is a void b x is n a negation2 x is some?+ z positive z an empty *air4 ,x w\ld be an exagg]ation to say t ! pagan saw high] ?an ,olympus an empty ?rone4 ,x w\ld be ne>] ! tru? to take ! gigantic imag]y ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 9 :i* ! prophet saw ,god f beh9d2 x 0 z if "s immeasurable pres5ce _h turn$ its back on ! _w4 ,yet ! mean+ w aga9 be miss$ if x is suppos$ to be any?+ s consci\s & vivid z ! mono!ism ( ,moses & 8 p4 ,i d n mean t ! pagan peoples 7 9 ! lea/ ov]p[]$ by ?is idea m]ely because x is ov]p[]+4 ,on ! contr>y1 x 0 s l>ge t !y all c>ri$ x lightly1 z we all c>ry ! load ( ! sky4 ,gaz+ at "s detail l a bird or a cl\d1 we c all ignore its awful blue backgr\nd2 we c neglect ! sky2 & precisely because x be>s d[n ^u u ) an annihilat+ =ce1 x is felt z no?+4 ,a ?+ ( ?is k9d c only be an impression & a r subtle impression2 b to me x is a v /rong impression made by pagan lit]ature & religion4 ,i repeat t 9 our special sacram5tal s5se !re is1 ( c\rse1 ! abs5ce ( ! pres5ce ( ,god4 ,b !re is 9 a v real s5se ! pres5ce ( ! abs5ce ( ,god4 ,we feel x 9 ! unfa?omable sadness ( pagan poetry2 = ,i d\bt if !re 0 ev] 9 all ! m>vell\s manhood ( antiquity a man :o 0 happy z ,/4 ,francis 0 happy4 ,we feel x 9 ! leg5d ( a ,gold5 ,age & aga9 9 ! vague implication t ! gods !mselves are ultimately relat$ to some?+ else1 ev5 :5 t ,unkn[n ,god has fad$ into a ,fate4 ,above all we feel x 9 ^? immortal mom5ts :5 ! pagan lit]ature seems to return to a m innoc5t antiquity & speak ) a m direct voice1 s t no ^w is wor?y ( x except our own mono!i/ic monosyllable4 ,we _c say any?+ b #8,god' 9 a s5t5ce l t ( ,socrates bidd+ f>ewell to 8 judges3 #8,i g to die & y rema9 to live2 & ,god alone kn[s :i* ( u goes ! bett] way4' ,we c use no o!r ^w ev5 = ! be/ mom5ts ( ,m>cus ,aurelius3 #8,c !y say de> city ( ,cecrops1 & can/ ?\ n say de> city ( ,god8' ,we c use no o!r ^w 9 t mighty l9e 9 :i* ,virgil spoke to all :o suff] ) ! v]itable cry ( a ,*ri/ian be=e ,*ri/1 9 ! untranslatable3 #8,o passi graviora dabit deus 8 quoque f9em4' ,9 %ort1 !re is a feel+ t !re is some?+ high] ?an ! gods2 b because x is high] x is also fur!r away4 ,n yet c\ld ev5 ,virgil h read ! riddle & ! p>adox ( t o!r div9ity1 :o is bo? high] & ne>]4 ,= !m :at 0 truly div9e 0 v di/ant1 s di/ant t !y dismiss$ x m & m f _! m9ds4 ,x _h less & less to d ) ! m]e my?ology ( :i* ,i %all write lat]4 ,yet ev5 9 ?is !re 0 a sort ( tacit admission ( its intangible purity1 :5 we consid] :at mo/ ( ! my?ology is l4 ,z ! ,jews w\ld n degrade x by images1 s ! ,greeks did n degrade x ev5 by imag9ations4 ,:5 ! gods 7 m & m rememb]$ only by pranks & pr(ligacies1 x 0 relatively a movem5t ( rev]5ce4 ,x 0 an act ( piety to =get ,god4 ,9 o!r words1 !re is some?+ 9 ! :ole tone ( ! "t sugge/+ t m5 _h accept$ a l[] level1 & /ill 7 half consci\s t x 0 a l[] level4 ,x is h>d to f9d words = ^! ?+s2 yet ! "o really j ^w /&s ready4 ,^! m5 7 consci\s ( ! ,fall1 if !y 7 consci\s ( no?+ else2 & ! same is true ( all hea!n humanity4 ,^? :o h fall5 may rememb] ! fall1 ev5 :5 !y =get ! height4 ,"s su* tantalis+ blank or break 9 memory is at ! back ( all pagan s5tim5t4 ,!re is su* a ?+ z ! mom5t>y p[] to rememb] t we =get4 ,& ! mo/ ignorant ( humanity "k by ! v look ( e>? t !y h =gott5 heav54 ,b x rema9s true t ev5 = ^! m5 !re 7 mom5ts1 l ! memories ( *ildhood1 :5 !y he>d !mselves talk+ ) a simpl] language2 !re 7 mom5ts :5 ! ,roman1 l ,virgil 9 ! l9e already quot$1 cut 8 way ) a sword-/roke ( song out ( ! tangle ( ! my?ologies2 ! motley mob ( gods & goddesses sank sudd5ly out ( sight & ! ,sky-,fa!r 0 alone 9 ! sky4 ,?is latt] example is v relevant to ! next /ep 9 ! process4 ,a :ite light z ( a lo/ morn+ /ill l+]s on ! figure ( ,jupit]1 ( ,pan1 or ( ! eld] ,apollo2 & x may well be1 z already not$1 t ea* 0 once a div9ity z solit>y z ,jehovah or ,allah4 ,!y lo/ ?is lonely univ]sality by a process x is "h v necess>y to note2 a process ( amalgamation v l :at 0 aft]w>ds call$ syncretism4 ,! :ole pagan _w set itself to build a ,pan!on4 ,!y admitt$ m & m gods1 gods n only ( ! ,greeks b ( ! b>b>ians2 gods n only ( ,europe b ( ,asia & ,africa4 ,! m ! m]ri]1 ?\gh "s ( ! ,asian & ,african ones 7 n v m]ry4 ,!y admitt$ !m to equal ?rones ) _! own2 sometimes !y id5tifi$ !m ) _! own4 ,!y may h reg>d$ x z an enri*m5t ( _! religi\s life2 b x meant ! f9al loss ( all t we n[ call religion4 ,x meant t anci5t light ( simplicity1 t _h a s+le s\rce l ! sun1 f9ally fades away 9 a dazzle ( conflict+ lights & col\rs4 ,god is really sacrific$ to ! gods2 9 a v lit]al s5se ( ! flippant phrase1 !y h be5 too _m = him4 ,poly!ism1 !re=e1 0 really a sort ( pool2 9 ! s5se ( ! pagans hav+ cons5t$ to ! pool+ ( _! pagan religions4 ,& ?is po9t is v important 9 _m controv]sies anci5t & mod]n4 ,x is reg>d$ z a lib]al & enlight5$ ?+ to say t ! god ( ! /rang] may be z good z our own2 & d\btless ! pagans ?\ght !mselves v lib]al & enlight5$ :5 !y agre$ to add to ! gods ( ! city or ! he>? "s wild & fanta/ic ,dionysus com+ d[n f ! m\nta9s or "s %aggy & ru/ic ,pan creep+ out ( ! woods4 ,b exactly :at x lo/ by ^! l>g] ideas is ! l>ge/ idea ( all4 ,x is ! idea ( ! fa!rhood t makes ! :ole _w "o4 ,& ! conv]se is also true4 ,d\btless ^? m antiquat$ m5 ( antiquity :o clung to _! solit>y /atues & _! s+le sacr$ names 7 reg>d$ z sup]/iti\s savages b5ight$ & left beh9d4 ,b ^! sup]/iti\s savages 7 pres]v+ some?+ t is mu* m l ! cosmic p[] z conceiv$ by philosophy1 or ev5 z conceiv$ by sci5ce4 ,?is p>adox by :i* ! rude reaction>y 0 a sort ( prophetic progressive has "o consequ5ce v mu* to ! po9t4 ,9 a purely hi/orical s5se1 & ap>t f any o!r controv]sies 9 ! same connection1 x ?r[s a light1 a s+le & a /eady light1 t %9es f ! beg9n+ on a little & lonely p4 ,9 ?is p>adox1 z 9 "s riddle ( religion ( :i* ! answ] 0 seal$ up = c5turies1 lies ! mission & ! mean+ ( ! ,jews4 ,x is true 9 ?is s5se1 humanly speak+1 t ! _w owes ,god to ! ,jews4 ,x owes t tru? to mu* t is blam$ 9 ! ,jews1 possibly to mu* t is blameable 9 ! ,jews4 ,we h already not$ ! nomadic position ( ! ,jews amid ! o!r pa/oral peoples ^u ! fr+e ( ! ,babylonian ,empire1 & some?+ ( t /range erratic c\rse ( !irs blaz$ across ! d>k t]ritory ( extreme antiquity1 z !y pass$ f ! seat ( ,abraham & ! %eph]d pr9ces into ,egypt & d\bl$ back into ! ,pale/9ian hills & held !m aga9/ ! ,phili/9es f ,crete & fell into captivity 9 ,babylon2 & yet aga9 return$ to _! m\nta9 city by ! ,zioni/ policy ( ! ,p]sian conqu]ors2 & s cont9u$ t amaz+ romance ( re/lessness ( :i* we h n yet se5 ! end4 ,b ?r\gh all _! w&]+s1 & especially ?r\gh all _! e>ly w&]+s1 !y did inde$ c>ry ! fate ( ! _w 9 t wood5 tab]nacle1 t held p]haps a featureless symbol & c]ta9ly an invisible god4 ,we may say t "o mo/ ess5tial feature 0 t x 0 featureless4 ,mu* z we may pref] t creative lib]ty :i* ! ,*ri/ian culture has decl>$ & by :i* x has eclips$ ev5 ! arts ( antiquity1 we mu/ n und]rate ! det]m9+ importance at ! "t ( ! ,hebrew inhibition ( images4 ,x is a typical example ( "o ( ^? limitations t did 9 fact pres]ve & p]petuate enl>gem5t1 l a wall built r\nd a wide op5 space4 ,! ,god :o c\ld n h a /atue rema9$ a _s4 ,nor w\ld 8 /atue 9 any case h _h ! dis>m+ dignity & grace ( ! ,greek /atues !n or ! ,*ri/ian /atues aft]w>ds4 ,he 0 liv+ 9 a l& ( mon/]s4 ,we %all h occasion to consid] m fully :at ^? mon/]s 71 ,molo* & ,dagon & ,tanit ! t]rible goddess4 ,if ! deity ( ,israel _h ev] _h an image1 he w\ld h _h a phallic image4 ,by m]ely giv+ him a body !y w\ld h br\ght 9 all ! wor/ elem5ts ( my?ology2 all ! polygamy ( poly!ism2 ! vision ( ! h>em 9 heav54 ,?is po9t ab\t ! refusal ( art is ! fir/ example ( ! limitations :i* are (t5 adv]sely criticis$1 only because ! critics !mselves are limit$4 ,b an ev5 /rong] case c be f\nd 9 ! o!r criticism (f]$ by ! same critics4 ,x is (t5 said ) a sne] t ! ,god ( ,israel 0 only a ,god ( ,battles1 #8a m]e b>b>ic ,"l ( ,ho/s' pitt$ 9 rivalry aga9/ o!r gods only z _! envi\s foe4 ,well x is = ! _w t he 0 a ,god ( ,battles4 ,well x is = u t he 0 to all ! re/ only a rival & a foe4 ,9 ! ord9>y way1 x w\ld h be5 only too easy = !m to h a*iev$ ! desolate disa/] ( conceiv+ him z a fri5d4 ,x w\ld h be5 only too easy = !m to h se5 him /ret*+ out 8 h&s 9 love & reconciliation1 embrac+ ,baal & kiss+ ! pa9t$ face ( ,a/>te1 fea/+ 9 fell[%ip ) ! gods2 ! la/ god to sell 8 cr[n ( />s = ! ,soma ( ! ,indian pan!on or ! nect> ( ,olympus or ! mead ( ,valhalla4 ,x w\ld h be5 easy en\gh = 8 wor%ipp]s to foll[ ! enlight5$ c\rse ( ,syncretism & ! pool+ ( all ! pagan traditions4 ,x is obvi\s inde$ t 8 foll[]s 7 always slid+ d[n ?is easy slope2 & x requir$ ! almo/ demoniac en]gy ( c]ta9 inspir$ demagogues1 :o te/ifi$ to ! div9e unity 9 words t are /ill l w9ds ( inspiration & ru94 ,! m we really und]/& ( ! anci5t conditions t contribut$ to ! f9al culture ( ! ,fai?1 ! m we %all h a real & ev5 a reali/ic rev]5ce = ! greatness ( ! ,prophets ( ,israel4 ,z x 01 :ile ! :ole _w melt$ into ?is mass ( confus$ my?ology1 ?is ,deity :o is call$ tribal & n>r[1 precisely because he 0 :at is call$ tribal & n>r[1 pres]v$ ! prim>y religion ( all mank9d4 ,he 0 tribal en\gh to be univ]sal4 ,he 0 z n>r[ z ! univ]se4 ,9 a ^w1 !re 0 a popul> pagan god call$ ,jupit]-,ammon4 ,!re 0 nev] a god call$ ,jehovah-,ammon4 ,!re 0 nev] a god call$ ,jehovah-,jupit]4 ,if !re _h be51 !re w\ld c]ta9ly h be5 ano!r call$ ,jehovah-,molo*4 ,long be=e ! lib]al & enlight5$ amalgamators _h got s f> afield z ,jupit]1 ! image ( ! ,"l ( ,ho/s w\ld h be5 de=m$ out ( all sugge/ion ( a mono!i/ic mak] & rul] & w\ld h become an idol f> worse ?an any savage feti%2 = he might h be5 z civilis$ z ! gods ( ,tyre & ,c>?age4 ,:at t civilisation meant we %all consid] m fully 9 ! *apt] t foll[s2 :5 we note h[ ! p[] ( demons ne>ly de/roy$ ,europe & ev5 ! hea!n heal? ( ! _w4 ,b ! _w's de/9y w\ld h be5 di/ort$ /ill m fatally if mono!ism _h fail$ 9 ! ,mosaic tradition4 ,i hope 9 a subsequ5t section to %[ t ,i am n )\t sympa?y ) all t heal? 9 ! hea!n _w t made its fairy-tales & its fanciful romances ( religion4 ,b ,i hope also to %[ t ^! 7 b\nd to fail 9 ! long run2 & ! _w w\ld h be5 lo/ if x _h be5 unable to return to t great orig9al simplicity ( a s+le au?ority 9 all ?+s4 ,t we d pres]ve some?+ ( t prim>y simplicity1 t poets & philosoph]s c /ill inde$ 9 "s s5se say an ,univ]sal ,pray]1 t we live 9 a l>ge & s]5e _w "u a sky t /ret*es pat]nally ov] all ! peoples ( ! e>?1 t philosophy & philan?ropy are truisms 9 a religion ( reasonable m51 all t we d mo/ truly owe1 "u heav51 to a secretive & re/less nomadic p2 :o be/[$ on m5 ! supreme & s]5e bless+ ( a jeal\s ,god4 ,! unique possession 0 n available or accessible to ! pagan _w1 because x 0 also ! possession ( a jeal\s p4 ,! ,jews 7 unpopul>1 p>tly because ( ?is n>r[ness already not$ 9 ! ,roman _w1 p>tly p]haps because !y _h already fall5 into t habit ( m]ely h&l+ ?+s = ex*ange in/ead ( work+ to make !m ) _! h&s4 ,x 0 p>tly also because poly!ism _h become a sort ( jungle 9 :i* solit>y mono!ism c\ld be lo/2 b x is /range to realise h[ completely x really 0 lo/4 ,ap>t f m disput$ matt]s1 !re 7 ?+s 9 ! tradition ( ,israel :i* belong to all humanity n[1 & might h belong$ to all humanity !n4 ,!y _h "o ( ! colossal corn]-/ones ( ! _w3 ! ,book ( ,job4 ,x obvi\sly /&s ov] aga9/ ! ,iliad & ! ,greek trag$ies2 & ev5 m ?an !y x 0 an e>ly meet+ & p>t+ ( poetry & philosophy 9 ! morn+ ( ! _w4 ,x is a solemn & uplift+ sight to see ^? two et]nal fools1 ! optimi/ & ! pessimi/1 de/roy$ 9 ! dawn ( "t4 ,& ! philosophy really p]fects ! pagan tragic irony1 precisely because x is m mono!i/ic & !re=e m my/ical4 ,inde$ ! ,book ( ,job av[$ly only answ]s my/]y ) my/]y4 ,job is com=t$ ) riddles2 b he is com=t$4 ,h]e9 is inde$ a type1 9 ! s5se ( a prophecy1 ( ?+s speak+ ) au?ority4 ,= :5 he :o d\bts c only say1 #8,i d n und]/&1' x is true t he :o kn[s c only reply or repeat1 #8,y d n und]/&4' ,& "u t rebuke !re is always a sudd5 hope 9 ! he>t2 & ! s5se ( some?+ t w\ld be wor? und]/&+4 ,b ?is mighty mono!i/ic poem rema9$ unrem>k$ by ! :ole _w ( antiquity1 :i* 0 ?rong$ ) poly!i/ic poetry4 ,x is a sign ( ! way 9 :i* ! ,jews /ood ap>t & kept _! tradition un%ak5 & un%>$1 t !y %\ld h kept a ?+ l ! ,book ( ,job out ( ! :ole intellectual _w ( antiquity4 ,x is z if ! ,egyptians _h mode/ly conceal$ ! ,great ,pyramid4 ,b !re 7 o!r reasons = a cross-purpose & an impasse1 *>act]i/ic ( ! :ole ( ! end ( paganism4 ,aft] all1 ! tradition ( ,israel _h only got hold ( "o half ( ! tru?1 ev5 if we use ! popul> p>adox & call x ! bigg] half4 ,i %all try to sket* 9 ! next *apt] t love ( locality & ( p]sonality t ran ?r\gh my?ology2 "h x ne$ only be said t !re 0 a tru? 9 x t c\ld n be left out1 ?\gh x 7 a light] & less ess5tial tru?4 ,! sorr[ ( ,job _h to be jo9$ ) ! sorr[ ( ,hector2 & :ile ! =m] 0 ! sorr[ ( ! univ]se ! latt] 0 ! sorr[ ( ! city2 = ,hector c\ld only /& po9t+ to heav5 z ! pill> ( holy ,troy4 ,:5 ,god speaks out ( ! :irlw9d ,he may well speak 9 ! wild]ness4 ,b ! mono!ism ( ! nomad 0 n en\gh = all t v>i$ civilisation ( fields & f5ces & wall$ cities & temples & t[ns2 & ! turn ( ^! ?+s also 0 to come1 :5 ! two c\ld be comb9$ 9 a m def9ite & dome/ic religion4 ,"h & !re 9 all t pagan cr[d c\ld be f\nd a philosoph] ^: ?\ghts ran on pure !ism2 b he nev] _h1 or suppos$ t he _h1 ! p[] to *ange ! cu/oms ( ! :ole populace4 ,nor is x easy ev5 9 su* philosophies to f9d a true def9ition ( ?is deep bus9ess ( ! relation ( poly!ism & !ism4 ,p]haps ! ne>e/ we c come to /rik+ ! note1 or giv+ ! ?+ a "n1 is 9 some?+ f> away f all t civilisation & m remote f ,rome ?an ! isolation ( ,israel4 ,x is 9 a say+ ,i once he>d f "s ,h9du tradition2 t gods z well z m5 are only ! dreams ( ,brahma2 & w p]i% :5 ,brahma wakes4 ,!re is inde$ 9 su* an image some?+ ( ! s\l ( ,asia :i* is less sane ?an ! s\l ( ,*ri/5dom4 ,we %\ld call x despair1 ev5 if !y w\ld call x peace4 ,?is note ( nihilism c be consid]$ lat] 9 a full] comp>ison betwe5 ,asia & ,europe4 ,x is en\gh to say "h t !re is m ( disillusion 9 t idea ( a div9e awak5+ ?an is impli$ = u 9 ! passage f my?ology to religion4 ,b ! symbol is v subtle & exact 9 "o respect2 t x does sugge/ ! disproportion & ev5 disruption betwe5 ! v ideas ( my?ology & religion2 ! *asm betwe5 ! two categories4 ,x is really ! collapse ( comp>ative religion t !re is no comp>ison betwe5 ,god & ! gods4 ,!re is no m comp>ison ?an !re is betwe5 a man & ! m5 :o walk ab\t 9 8 dreams4 ,"u ! next head+ "s attempt w be made to indicate ! twilight ( t dream 9 :i* ! gods walk ab\t l m54 ,b if any "o fancies ! contra/ ( mono!ism & poly!ism is only a matt] ( "s p hav+ "o god & o!rs a few m1 = him x w be f> ne>] ! tru? to plunge into ! elephant9e extravagance ( ,brahm9 cosmology2 t he may feel a %udd] go+ ?r\gh ! veil ( ?+s1 ! _m-h&$ creators1 & ! ?ron$ & halo$ animals & all ! network ( entangl$ />s & rul]s ( ! night1 z ! awful eyes ( ,brahma op5 l dawn ^u ! dea? ( all4 ,,*apt] ,v ,,man ,,& ,,my?ologies ,:at are "h call$ ! ,gods might almo/ alt]natively be call$ ! ,day-,dreams4 ,to comp>e !m to dreams is n to d5y t dreams c come true4 ,to comp>e !m to travell]s' tales is n to d5y t !y may be true tales1 or at lea/ tru?ful tales4 ,9 tru? !y are ! sort ( tales ! travell] tells to himself4 ,all ?is my?ological bus9ess belongs to ! poetical "p ( m54 ,x seems /rangely =gott5 n[adays t a my? is a "w ( imag9ation & !re=e a "w ( art4 ,x ne$s a poet to make x4 ,x ne$s a poet to criticise x4 ,!re are m poets ?an non-poets 9 ! _w1 z is prov$ by ! popul> orig9 ( su* leg5ds4 ,b = "s reason ,i h nev] he>d expla9$1 x is only ! m9ority ( unpoetical p :o are all[$ to write critical /udies ( ^! popul> poems4 ,we d n submit a sonnet to a ma!matician or a song to a calculat+ boy2 b we d indulge ! equally fanta/ic idea t folk-lore c be treat$ z a sci5ce4 ,unless ^! ?+s are appreciat$ arti/ically !y are n appreciat$ at all4 ,:5 ! pr(essor is told by ! b>b>ian t once !re 0 no?+ except a great fea!r$ s]p5t1 unless ! le>n$ man feels a ?rill & a half temptation to wi% x 7 true1 he is no judge ( su* ?+s at all4 ,:5 he is assur$1 on ! be/ ,r$ ,indian au?ority1 t a primitive h]o c>ri$ ! sun & moon & />s 9 a box1 unless he claps 8 h&s & almo/ kicks 8 legs z a *ild w\ld at su* a *>m+ fancy1 he kn[s no?+ ab\t ! matt]4 ,?is te/ is n nons5sical2 primitive *ildr5 & b>b>ic *ildr5 d laugh & kick l o!r *ildr52 & we mu/ h a c]ta9 simplicity to repicture ! *ildhood ( ! _w4 ,:5 ,hiawa?a 0 told by 8 nurse t a w>rior ?rew 8 gr&mo!r up to ! moon1 he laugh$ l any ,engli% *ild told by 8 nurse t a c[ jump$ ov] ! moon4 ,! *ild sees ! joke z well z mo/ m51 & bett] ?an "s sci5tific m54 ,b ! ultimate te/ ev5 ( ! fanta/ic is ! appropriat5ess ( ! inappropriate4 ,& ! te/ mu/ appe> m]ely arbitr>y because x is m]ely arti/ic4 ,if any /ud5t tells me t ! infant ,hiawa?a only laugh$ out ( respect = ! tribal cu/om ( sacrific+ ! ag$ to economical h\sekeep+1 ,i say he did n4 ,if any s*ol> tells me t ! c[ jump$ ov] ! moon only because a heif] 0 sacrific$ to ,diana1 ,i answ] t x did n4 ,x happ5$ because x is obvi\sly ! "r ?+ = a c[ to jump ov] ! moon4 ,my?ology is a lo/ art1 "o ( ! few arts t really are lo/2 b x is an art4 ,! horn$ moon & ! horn$ mooncalf make a h>moni\s & almo/ a quiet patt]n4 ,& ?r[+ y\r gr&mo!r into ! sky is n good behavi\r2 b x is p]fectly good ta/e4 ,?us sci5ti/s seldom und]/&1 z arti/s und]/&1 t "o bran* ( ! beautiful is ! ugly4 ,!y seldom all[ = ! legitimate lib]ty ( ! grotesque4 ,& !y w dismiss a savage my? z m]ely co>se & clumsy & an evid5ce ( degradation1 because x has n all ! beauty ( ! h]ald ,m]cury new light$ on a heav5-kiss+ hill2 :5 x really has ! beauty ( ! ,mock ,turtle ( ! ,mad ,hatt]4 ,x is ! supreme pro( ( a man be+ prosaic t he always insi/s on poetry be+ poetical4 ,sometimes ! hum\r is 9 ! v subject z well z ! /yle ( ! fable4 ,! ,au/ralian aborig9es1 reg>d$ z ! rude/ ( savages1 h a /ory ab\t a giant frog :o _h swall[$ ! sea & all ! wat]s ( ! _w2 & :o 0 only =c$ to spill !m by be+ made to laugh4 ,all ! animals ) all _! antics pass$ be=e him &1 l ,que5 ,victoria1 he 0 n amus$4 ,he collaps$ at la/ be=e an eel :o /ood delicately balanc$ on ! tip ( its tail1 d\btless ) a r desp]ate dignity4 ,any am\nt ( f9e fanta/ic lit]ature might be made out ( t fable4 ,!re is philosophy 9 t vision ( ! dry _w be=e ! beatific ,deluge ( laught]4 ,!re is imag9ation 9 ! m\nta9\s mon/] erupt+ l an aque\s volcano2 !re is pl5ty ( fun 9 ! ?\ght ( 8 goggl+ visage z ! pelican or ! p5gu9 pass$ by4 ,anyh[ ! frog laugh$2 b ! folk-lore /ud5t rema9s grave4 ,moreov]1 ev5 :]e ! fables are inf]ior z art1 !y _c be prop]ly judg$ by sci5ce2 /ill less prop]ly judg$ z sci5ce4 ,"s my?s are v crude & que] l ! e>ly draw+s ( *ildr52 b ! *ild is try+ to draw4 ,x is none ! less an error to treat 8 draw+ z if x 7 a diagram1 or int5d$ to be a diagram4 ,! /ud5t _c make a sci5tific /atem5t ab\t ! savage1 because ! savage is n mak+ a sci5tific /atem5t ab\t ! _w4 ,he is say+ some?+ q diff]5t2 :at might be call$ ! gossip ( ! gods4 ,we may say1 if we l1 t x is believ$ be=e !re is "t to exam9e x4 ,x w\ld be tru] to say x is accept$ be=e !re is "t to believe x4 ,i confess ,i d\bt ! :ole !ory ( ! dissem9ation ( my?s or 7z x commonly is7 ( "o my?4 ,x is true t some?+ 9 our nature & conditions makes _m /ories simil>2 b ea* ( !m may be orig9al4 ,"o man does n borr[ ! /ory f ! o!r man1 ?\gh he may tell x f ! same motive z ! o!r man4 ,x w\ld be easy to apply ! :ole argum5t ab\t leg5d to lit]ature2 & turn x into a vulg> monomania ( plagi>ism4 ,i w\ld und]take to trace a notion l t ( ! ,gold5 ,b\gh ?r\gh individual mod]n novels z easily z ?r\gh communal & antiquat$ my?s4 ,i w\ld und]take to f9d some?+ l a bun* ( fl[]s figur+ aga9 & aga9 f ! fatal b\quet ( ,becky ,%>pe to ! spray ( roses s5t by ! ,pr9cess ( ,ruritania4 ,b ?\gh ^! fl[]s may spr+ f ! same soil1 x is n ! same fad$ fl[] t is flung f h& to h&4 ,^? fl[]s are always fre%4 ,! true orig9 ( all ! my?s has be5 discov]$ mu* too (t54 ,!re are too _m keys to my?ology1 z !re are too _m cryptograms 9 ,%akespe>e4 ,ev]y?+ is phallic2 ev]y?+ is totemi/ic2 ev]y?+ is se$-"t & h>ve/2 ev]y?+ is gho/s & grave-(f]+s2 ev]y?+ is ! gold5 b\gh ( sacrifice2 ev]y?+ is ! sun & moon2 ev]y?+ is ev]y?+4 ,e folk-lore /ud5t :o knew a little m ?an 8 own monomania1 e man ( wid] read+ & critical culture l ,&rew ,lang1 has practically confess$ t ! bewild]m5t ( ^! ?+s left 8 bra9 sp9n+4 ,yet ! :ole tr\ble comes f a man try+ to look at ^! /ories f ! outside1 z if !y 7 sci5tific objects4 ,he has only to look at !m f ! inside1 & ask himself h[ he w\ld beg9 a /ory4 ,a /ory may />t ) any?+ & g any:]e4 ,x may />t ) a bird )\t ! bird be+ a totem2 x may />t ) ! sun )\t be+ a sol> my?4 ,x is said !re are only t5 plots 9 ! _w2 & !re w c]ta9ly be common & recurr5t elem5ts4 ,set t5 ?\s& *ildr5 talk+ at once1 & tell+ t>radiddles ab\t :at !y did 9 ! wood2 & x w n be h>d to f9d p>allels sugge/+ sun-wor%ip or animal-wor%ip4 ,"s ( ! /ories may be pretty & "s silly & "s p]haps dirty2 b !y c only be judg$ z /ories4 ,9 ! mod]n dialect1 !y c only be judg$ ae/hetically4 ,x is /range t ae/hetics1 or m]e feel+1 :i* is n[ all[$ to usurp :]e x has no rights at all1 to wreck reason ) pragmatism & morals ) an>*y1 is app>5tly n all[$ to give a purely ae/hetic judgm5t on :at is obvi\sly a purely ae/hetic "q4 ,we may be fanciful ab\t ev]y?+ except fairy-tales4 ,n[ ! fir/ fact is t ! mo/ simple p h ! mo/ subtle ideas4 ,ev]ybody ought to "k t1 = ev]ybody has be5 a *ild4 ,ignorant z a *ild is1 he kn[s m ?an he c say & feels n only atmosph]es b f9e %ades4 ,& 9 ?is matt] !re are sev]al f9e %ades4 ,nobody und]/&s x :o has n _h :at c only be call$ ! a*e ( ! arti/ to f9d "s s5se & "s /ory 9 ! beautiful ?+s he sees2 8 hung] = secrets & 8 ang] at any t[] or tree escap+ ) its tale untold4 ,he feels t no?+ is p]fect unless x is p]sonal4 ,)\t t ! bl9d unconsci\s beauty ( ! _w /&s 9 its g>d5 l a headless /atue4 ,"o ne$ only be a v m9or poet to h wre/l$ ) ! t[] or ! tree until x spoke l a titan or a dryad4 ,x is (t5 said t pagan my?ology 0 a p]sonification ( ! p[]s ( nature4 ,! phrase is true 9 a s5se1 b x is v unsatisfactory2 because x implies t ! =ces are ab/ractions & ! p]sonification is artificial4 ,my?s are n allegories4 ,natural p[]s are n 9 ?is case ab/ractions4 ,x is n z if !re 7 a ,god ( ,gravitation4 ,!re may be a g5ius ( ! wat]fall2 b n ( m]e fall+1 ev5 less ?an ( m]e wat]4 ,! imp]sonation is n ( some?+ imp]sonal4 ,! po9t is t ! p]sonality p]fects ! wat] ) significance4 ,fa!r ,*ri/mas is n an allegory ( sn[ & holly2 he is n m]ely ! /uff call$ sn[ aft]w>ds artificially giv5 a human =m1 l a sn[ man4 ,he is some?+ t gives a new mean+ to ! :ite _w & ! ev]gre5s2 s t sn[ itself seems to be w>m r ?an cold4 ,! te/ !re=e is purely imag9ative4 ,b imag9ative does n mean imag9>y4 ,x does n foll[ t x is all :at ! mod]ns call subjective1 :5 !y mean false4 ,e true arti/ does feel1 consci\sly or unconsci\sly1 t he is t\*+ transc5d5tal tru?s2 t 8 images are %ad[s ( ?+s se5 ?r\gh ! veil4 ,9 o!r words1 ! natural my/ic does "k t !re is some?+ !re2 some?+ beh9d ! cl\ds or )9 ! trees2 b he believes t ! pursuit ( beauty is ! way to f9d x2 t imag9ation is a sort ( incantation t c call x up4 ,n[ we d n compreh5d ?is process 9 ourselves1 f> less 9 our mo/ remote fell[-creatures4 ,& ! dang] ( ^! ?+s be+ classifi$ is t !y may seem to be compreh5d$4 ,a really f9e "w ( folk-lore1 l ,! ,gold5 ,b\gh1 w leave too _m read]s ) ! idea1 = in/ance1 t ?is or t /ory ( a giant's or wiz>d's he>t 9 a casket or a cave only #8means' "s /upid & /atic sup]/ition call$ #8! ext]nal s\l4' ,b we d n "k :at ^! ?+s mean1 simply because we d n "k :at we ourselves mean :5 we are mov$ by !m4 ,suppose somebody 9 a /ory says #8,pluck ?is fl[] & a pr9cess w die 9 a ca/le beyond ! sea1' we d n "k :y some?+ /irs 9 ! subconsci\sness1 or :y :at is impossible seems also inevitable4 ,suppose we read #8,& 9 ! h\r :5 ! k+ ext+ui%$ ! c&le 8 %ips 7 wreck$ f> away on ! coa/ ( ! ,hebrides4' ,we d n "k :y ! imag9ation has accept$ t image be=e ! reason c reject x2 or :y su* correspond5ces seem really to correspond to some?+ 9 ! s\l4 ,v deep ?+s 9 our nature1 "s dim s5se ( ! dep5d5ce ( great ?+s ^u small1 "s d>k sugge/ion t ! ?+s ne>e/ to u /ret* f> beyond our p[]1 "s sacram5tal feel+ ( ! magic 9 mat]ial sub/ances1 & _m m emotions pa/ f9d+ out1 are 9 an idea l t ( ! ext]nal s\l4 ,! p[] ev5 9 ! my?s ( savages is l ! p[] 9 ! metaphors ( poets4 ,! s\l ( su* a metaphor is (t5 v emphatically an ext]nal s\l4 ,! be/ critics h rem>k$ t 9 ! be/ poets ! simile is (t5 a picture t seems q sep>ate f ! text4 ,x is z irrelevant z ! remote ca/le to ! fl[] or ! ,hebridean coa/ to ! c&le4 ,%elley comp>es ! skyl>k to a "y woman 9 a turret1 to a rose emb$d$ 9 ?ick foliage1 to a s]ies ( ?+s t seem to be ab\t z unlike a skyl>k 9 ! sky z any?+ we c imag9e4 ,i suppose ! mo/ pot5t piece ( pure magic 9 ,engli% lit]ature is ! mu*-quot$ passage 9 ,keats's ,night+ale ab\t ! casem5ts op5+ on ! p]il\s foam4 ,& nobody notices t ! image seems to come f n[h]e2 t x appe>s abruptly aft] "s almo/ equally irrelevant rem>ks ab\t ,ru?2 & t x has no?+ 9 ! _w to d ) ! subject ( ! poem4 ,if !re is "o place 9 ! _w :]e nobody c\ld reasonably expect to f9d a night+ale1 x is on a w9d[-sill at ! seaside4 ,b x is only 9 ! same s5se t nobody w\ld expect to f9d a giant's he>t 9 a casket "u ! sea4 ,n[1 x w\ld be v dang]\s to classify ! metaphors ( ! poets4 ,:5 ,%elley says t ! cl\d w rise #8l a *ild f ! womb1 l a gho/ f ! tomb1' x w\ld be q possible to call ! fir/ a case ( ! co>se primitive bir?-my? & ! second a survival ( ! gho/-wor%ip :i* became ance/or-wor%ip4 ,b x is ! wrong way ( deal+ ) a cl\d2 & is liable to leave ! le>n$ 9 ! condition ( ,polonius1 only too ready to ?9k x l a weasel1 or v l a :ale4 ,two facts foll[ f ?is psy*ology ( day-dreams1 :i* mu/ be kept 9 m9d ?r\gh\t _! developm5t 9 my?ologies & ev5 religions4 ,fir/1 ^! imag9ative impressions are (t5 /rictly local4 ,s f> f be+ ab/ractions turn$ into allegories1 !y are (t5 images almo/ conc5trat$ into idols4 ,! poet feels ! my/]y ( a p>ticul> =e/2 n ( ! sci5ce ( af=e/ation or ! dep>tm5t ( woods & =e/s4 ,he wor%ips ! peak ( a p>ticul> m\nta91 n ! ab/ract idea ( altitude4 ,s we f9d ! god is n m]ely wat] b (t5 "o special riv]2 he may be ! sea because ! sea is s+le l a /ream2 ! riv] t runs r\nd ! _w4 ,ultimately d\btless _m deities are enl>g$ into elem5ts2 b !y are some?+ m ?an omnipres5t4 ,apollo does n m]ely dwell :]ev] ! sun %9es2 8 home is on ! rock ( ,delphi4 ,diana is great en\gh to be 9 ?ree places at once1 e>? & heav5 & hell1 b great] is ,diana ( ! ,ephesians4 ,?is localis$ feel+ has its l[e/ =m 9 ! m]e feti% or talisman1 su* z millionaires put on _! motor-c>s4 ,b x c also h>d5 into some?+ l a high & s]i\s religion1 :]e x is connect$ ) high & s]i\s duties2 into ! gods ( ! city or ev5 ! gods ( ! he>?4 ,! second consequ5ce is ?is3 t 9 ^! pagan cults !re is e %ade ( s9c]ity--& ins9c]ity4 ,9 :at s5se exactly did an ,a!nian really ?9k he _h to sacrifice to ,pallas ,a!ne8 ,:at s*ol> is really c]ta9 ( ! answ]8 ,9 :at s5se did ,dr4 ,johnson really ?9k t he _h to t\* all ! po/s 9 ! /reet or t he _h to collect orange-peel8 ,9 :at s5se does a *ild really ?9k t he ought to /ep on e alt]nate pav+-/one8 ,two ?+s are at lea/ fairly cle>4 ,fir/1 9 simpl] & less self-consci\s times ^! =ms c\ld become m solid )\t really becom+ m s]i\s4 ,day-dreams c\ld be act$ 9 broad daylight1 ) m lib]ty ( arti/ic expression2 b /ill p]haps ) some?+ ( ! light /ep ( ! somnambuli/4 ,wrap ,dr4 ,johnson 9 an antique mantle1 cr[n him 7by 8 k9d p]mission7 ) a g>l&1 & he w move 9 /ate "u ^? anci5t skies ( morn+2 t\*+ a s]ies ( sacr$ po/s c>v$ ) ! heads ( ! /range t]m9al gods1 t /& at ! limits ( ! l& & ( ! life ( man4 ,make ! *ild free ( ! m>bles & mosaics ( "s classic temple1 to play on a :ole floor inlaid ) squ>es ( black & :ite2 & he w will+ly make ?is fulfilm5t ( 8 idle & drift+ day-dream ! cle> field = a grave & graceful dance4 ,b ! po/s & ! pav+-/ones are little m & little less real ?an !y are "u mod]n limits4 ,!y are n really mu* m s]i\s = be+ tak5 s]i\sly4 ,!y h ! sort ( s9c]ity t !y always _h2 ! s9c]ity ( art z a symbol t expresses v real spiritualities "u ! surface ( life4 ,b !y are only s9c]e 9 ! same s5se z art2 n s9c]e 9 ! same s5se z morality4 ,! ecc5tric's collection ( orange-peel may turn to oranges 9 a ,m$it]ranean fe/ival or to gold5 apples 9 a ,m$it]ranean my?4 ,b !y are nev] on ! same plane ) ! diff]5ce betwe5 giv+ ! orange to a bl9d begg> & c>efully plac+ ! orange-peel s t ! begg> may fall & break 8 leg4 ,betwe5 ^! two ?+s !re is a diff]5ce ( k9d & n ( degree4 ,! *ild does n ?9k x wrong to /ep on ! pav+-/one z he ?9ks x wrong to /ep on ! dog's tail4 ,& x is v c]ta9 t :atev] je/ or s5tim5t or fancy fir/ set ,johnson t\*+ ! wood5 po/s1 he nev] t\*$ wood ) any ( ! feel+ ) :i* he /ret*$ out 8 h&s to ! timb] ( t t]rible tree1 :i* 0 ! dea? ( ,god & ! life ( man4 ,z already not$1 ?is does n mean t !re 0 no reality or ev5 no religi\s s5tim5t 9 su* a mood4 ,z a matt] ( fact ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* has tak5 ov] ) upro>i\s success ! :ole ( ?is popul> bus9ess ( giv+ p local leg5ds & light] c]emonial movem5ts4 ,9 s f> z all ?is sort ( paganism 0 innoc5t & 9 t\* ) nature1 !re is no reason :y x %\ld n be patronis$ by patron sa9ts z mu* z by pagan gods4 ,& 9 any case !re are degrees ( s]i\sness 9 ! mo/ natural make-believe4 ,!re is all ! diff]5ce betwe5 fancy+ !re are fairies 9 ! wood1 :i* (t5 only means fancy+ a c]ta9 wood z fit = fairies1 & really fright5+ ourselves until we w walk a mile r ?an pass a h\se we h told ourselves is haunt$4 ,beh9d all ^! ?+s is ! fact t beauty & t]ror are v real ?+s & relat$ to a real spiritual _w2 & to t\* !m at all1 ev5 9 d\bt or fancy1 is to /ir ! deep ?+s ( ! s\l4 ,we all und]/& t & ! pagans und]/ood x4 ,! po9t is t paganism did n really /ir ! s\l except ) ^! d\bts & fancies2 ) ! consequ5ce t we to-day c h little beyond d\bts & fancies ab\t paganism4 ,all ! be/ critics agree t all ! greate/ poets1 9 pagan ,hellas = example1 _h an attitude t[>ds _! gods :i* is q que] & puzzl+ to m5 9 ! ,*ri/ian era4 ,!re seems to be an admitt$ conflict betwe5 ! god & ! man2 b ev]ybody seems to be d\btful ab\t :i* is ! h]o & :i* is ! villa94 ,?is d\bt does n m]ely apply to a d\bt] l ,euripides 9 ! ,bac*ae2 x applies to a mod]ate cons]vative l ,sophocles 9 ! ,antigone2 or ev5 to a regul> ,tory & reaction>y l ,ari/ophanes 9 ! ,frogs4 ,sometimes x w\ld seem t ! ,greeks believ$ above all ?+s 9 rev]5ce1 only !y _h nobody to rev]e4 ,b ! po9t ( ! puzzle is ?is3 t all ?is vagu5ess & v>iation arise f ! fact t ! :ole ?+ began 9 fancy & 9 dream+2 & t !re are no rules ( ar*itecture = a ca/le 9 ! cl\ds4 ,?is is ! mighty & bran*+ tree call$ my?ology :i* ramifies r\nd ! :ole _w1 ^: remote bran*es "u sep>ate skies be> l col\r$ birds ! co/ly idols ( ,asia & ! half-bak$ feti%es ( ,africa & ! fairy k+s & pr9cesses ( ! folk-tales ( ! =e/s1 & buri$ amid v9es & olives ! ,l>es ( ! ,lat9s1 & c>ri$ on ! cl\ds ( ,olympus ! buoyant supremacy ( ! gods ( ,greece4 ,^! are ! my?s3 & he :o has no sympa?y ) my?s has no sympa?y ) m54 ,b he :o has mo/ sympa?y ) my?s w mo/ fully realise t !y are n & nev] 7 a religion1 9 ! s5se t ,*ri/ianity or ev5 ,islam is a religion4 ,!y satisfy "s ( ! ne$s satisfi$ by a religion2 & notably ! ne$ = do+ c]ta9 ?+s at c]ta9 dates2 ! ne$ ( ! tw9 ideas ( fe/ivity & =mality4 ,b ?\gh !y provide a man ) a cal5d>1 !y d n provide him ) a cre$4 ,a man did n /& up & say #8,i believe 9 ,jupit] & ,juno & ,neptune1' etc41 z he /&s up & says #8,i believe 9 ,god ! ,fa!r ,almighty' & ! re/ ( ! ,apo/les' ,cre$4 ,_m believ$ 9 "s & n 9 o!rs1 or m 9 "s & less 9 o!rs1 or only 9 a v vague poetical s5se 9 any4 ,!re 0 no mom5t :5 !y 7 all collect$ into an or?odox ord] :i* m5 w\ld fight & be tortur$ to keep intact4 ,/ill less did anybody ev] say 9 t fa%ion3 #8,i believe 9 ,od9 & ,?or & ,freya1' = outside ,olympus ev5 ! ,olympian ord] gr[s cl\dy & *aotic4 ,x seems cle> to me t ,?or 0 n a god at all b a h]o4 ,no?+ resembl+ a religion w\ld picture anybody resembl+ a god z grop+ l a pigmy 9 a great cav]n1 t turn$ out to be ! glove ( a giant4 ,t is ! glori\s ignorance call$ adv5ture4 ,?or may h be5 a great adv5tur]2 b to call him a god is l try+ to comp>e ,jehovah ) ,jack & ! ,bean/alk4 ,od9 seems to h be5 a real b>b>ian *ief1 possibly ( ! ,d>k ,ages aft] ,*ri/ianity4 ,poly!ism fades away at its fr+es into fairy-tales or b>b>ic memories2 x is n a ?+ l mono!ism z held by s]i\s mono!i/s4 ,aga9 x does satisfy ! ne$ to cry out on "s uplift$ "n or "s noble memory 9 mom5ts t are !mselves noble & uplift$2 su* z ! bir? ( a *ild or ! sav+ ( a city4 ,b ! "n 0 s us$ by _m to :om x 0 only a "n4 ,f9ally x did satisfy1 or r x p>tially satisfi$1 a ?+ v deep 9 humanity inde$2 ! idea ( surr5d]+ some?+ z ! portion ( ! unkn[n p[]s2 ( p\r+ out w9e ^u ! gr\nd1 ( ?r[+ a r+ into ! sea2 9 a ^w1 ( sacrifice4 ,x is ! wise & wor?y idea ( n tak+ our advantage to ! full2 ( putt+ some?+ 9 ! o!r balance to balla/ our dubi\s pride1 ( pay+ ti!s to nature = our l&4 ,?is deep tru? ( ! dang] ( insol5ce1 or be+ too big = our boots1 runs ?r\gh all ! great ,greek trag$ies & makes !m great4 ,b x runs side by side ) an almo/ cryptic agno/icism ab\t ! real nature ( ! gods to be propitiat$4 ,:]e t ge/ure ( surr5d] is mo/ magnific5t1 z among ! great ,greeks1 !re is really mu* m idea t ! man w be ! bett] = los+ ! ox ?an t ! god w be ! bett] = gett+ x4 ,x is said t 9 its gross] =ms !re are (t5 actions grotesquely sugge/ive ( ! god really eat+ ! sacrifice4 ,b ?is fact is falsifi$ by ! error t ,i put fir/ 9 ?is note on my?ology4 ,x is misund]/&+ ! psy*ology ( day-dreams4 ,a *ild pret5d+ !re is a gobl9 9 a holl[ tree w d a crude & mat]ial ?+1 l leav+ a piece ( cake = him4 ,a poet might d a m dignifi$ & elegant ?+1 l br++ to ! god fruits z well z fl[]s4 ,b ! degree ( s]i\sness 9 bo? acts may be ! same or x may v>y 9 almo/ any degree4 ,! crude fancy is no m a cre$ ?an ! ideal fancy is a cre$4 ,c]ta9ly ! pagan does n disbelieve l an a!i/1 any m ?an he believes l a ,*ri/ian4 ,he feels ! pres5ce ( p[]s ab\t :i* he guesses & inv5ts4 ,/4 ,paul said t ! ,greeks _h "o alt> to an unkn[n god4 ,b 9 tru? all _! gods 7 unkn[n gods4 ,& ! real break 9 hi/ory did come :5 ,/4 ,paul decl>$ to !m :om !y _h ignorantly wor%ipp$4 ,! sub/ance ( all su* paganism may be summ>is$ ?us4 ,x is an attempt to rea* ! div9e reality ?r\gh ! imag9ation alone2 9 its own field reason does n re/ra9 x at all4 ,x is vital to ! view ( all hi/ory t reason is some?+ sep>ate f religion ev5 9 ! mo/ rational ( ^! civilisations4 ,x is only z an aft]?\ght1 :5 su* cults are decad5t or on ! def5sive1 t a few ,neo-,platoni/s or a few ,brahm9s are f\nd try+ to rationalise !m1 & ev5 !n only by try+ to allegorise !m4 ,b 9 reality ! riv]s ( my?ology & philosophy run p>allel & d n m+le till !y meet 9 ! sea ( ,*ri/5dom4 ,simple secul>i/s /ill talk z if ! ,*ur* _h introduc$ a sort ( s*ism betwe5 reason & religion4 ,! tru? is t ! ,*ur* 0 actually ! fir/ ?+ t ev] tri$ to comb9e reason & religion4 ,!re _h nev] be=e be5 any su* union ( ! prie/s & ! philosoph]s4 ,my?ology1 !n1 s\ght ,god ?r\gh ! imag9ation2 or s\ght tru? by means ( beauty1 9 ! s5se 9 :i* beauty includes mu* ( ! mo/ grotesque ugl9ess4 ,b ! imag9ation has its own laws & !re=e its own triumphs1 :i* nei!r logicians nor m5 ( sci5ce c und]/&4 ,x rema9$ true to t imag9ative in/9ct ?r\gh a ?\s& extravagances1 ?r\gh e crude cosmic pantomime ( a pig eat+ ! moon or ! _w be+ cut out ( a c[1 ?r\gh all ! dizzy convolutions & my/ic mal=mations ( ,asiatic art1 ?r\gh all ! />k & />+ rigidity ( ,egyptian & ,assyrian portraiture1 ?r\gh e k9d ( crack$ mirror ( mad art t seem$ to de=m ! _w & displace ! sky1 x rema9$ true to some?+ ab\t :i* !re c be no argum5t2 some?+ t makes x possible = "s arti/ ( "s s*ool to /& sudd5ly /ill be=e t p>ticul> de=mity & say1 #8,my dream has come true4' ,!re=e d we all 9 fact feel t pagan or primitive my?s are inf9itely sugge/ive1 s long z we are wise en\gh n to inquire :at !y sugge/4 ,!re=e we all feel :at is meant by ,prome!us /eal+ fire f heav51 until "s prig ( a pessimi/ or progressive p]son expla9s :at x means4 ,!re=e we all "k ! mean+ ( ,jack & ! ,bean/alk1 until we are told4 ,9 ?is s5se x is true t x is ! ignorant :o accept my?s1 b only because x is ! ignorant :o appreciate poems4 ,imag9ation has its own laws & triumphs2 & a trem5d\s p[] began to clo! its images1 :e!r images 9 ! m9d or 9 ! mud1 :e!r 9 ! bamboo ( ! ,s\? ,sea ,isl&s or ! m>ble ( ! m\nta9s ( ,hellas4 ,b !re 0 always a tr\ble 9 ! triumph1 :i* 9 ^! pages ,i h tri$ to analyse 9 va92 b p]haps ,i might 9 conclusion /ate x ?us4 ,! crux & crisis is t man f\nd x natural to wor%ip2 ev5 natural to wor%ip unnatural ?+s4 ,! po/ure ( ! idol might be /iff & /range2 b ! ge/ure ( ! wor%ipp] 0 g5]\s & beautiful4 ,he n only felt fre] :5 he b5t2 he actually felt tall] :5 he b[$4 ,h5ce=? any?+ t took away ! ge/ure ( wor%ip w\ld /unt & ev5 maim him = ev]4 ,h5ce=? be+ m]ely secul> w\ld be a s]vitude & an inhibition4 ,if man _c pray he is gagg$2 if he _c kneel he is 9 irons4 ,we !re=e feel ?r\gh\t ! :ole ( paganism a curi\s d\ble feel+ ( tru/ & di/ru/4 ,:5 ! man makes ! ge/ure ( salutation & ( sacrifice1 :5 he p\rs out ! libation or lifts up ! sword1 he kn[s he is do+ a wor?y & a virile ?+4 ,he kn[s he is do+ "o ( ! ?+s = :i* a man 0 made4 ,8 imag9ative exp]im5t is !re=e ju/ifi$4 ,b precisely because x began ) imag9ation1 !re is to ! end some?+ ( mock]y 9 x1 & especially 9 ! object ( x4 ,?is mock]y1 9 ! m int5se mom5ts ( ! intellect1 becomes ! almo/ intol]able irony ( ,greek trag$y4 ,!re seems a disproportion betwe5 ! prie/ & ! alt> or betwe5 ! alt> & ! god4 ,! prie/ seems m solemn & almo/ m sacr$ ?an ! god4 ,all ! ord] ( ! temple is solid & sane & satisfactory to c]ta9 p>ts ( our nature2 except ! v c5tre ( x1 :i* seems /rangely mutable & dubi\s1 l a danc+ flame4 ,x is ! fir/ ?\ght r\nd :i* ! :ole has be5 built2 & ! fir/ ?\ght is /ill a fancy & almo/ a frivolity4 ,9 t /range place ( meet+1 ! man seems m /atuesque ?an ! /atue4 ,he himself c /& = ev] 9 ! noble & natural attitude ( ! /atue ( ! ,pray+ ,boy4 ,b :atev] "n be writt5 on ! p$e/al1 :e!r ,zeus or ,ammon or ,apollo1 ! god :om he wor%ips is ,proteus4 ,! ,pray+ ,boy may be said to express a ne$ r ?an to satisfy a ne$4 ,x is by a normal & necess>y action t 8 h&s are lift$2 b x is no less a p>able t 8 h&s are empty4 ,ab\t ! nature ( t ne$ !re w be m to say2 b at ?is po9t x may be said t p]haps aft] all ?is true in/9ct1 t pray] & sacrifice are a lib]ty & an enl>gem5t1 ref]s back to t va/ & half-=gott5 conception ( univ]sal fa!rhood1 :i* we h already se5 ev]y:]e fad+ f ! morn+ sky4 ,?is is true2 & yet x is n all ! tru?4 ,!re rema9s an inde/ructible in/9ct1 9 ! poet z repres5t$ by ! pagan1 t he is n entirely wrong 9 localis+ 8 god4 ,x is some?+ 9 ! s\l ( poetry if n ( piety4 ,& ! greate/ ( poets1 :5 he def9$ ! poet1 did n say t he gave u ! univ]se or ! absolute or ! inf9ite2 b1 9 8 own l>g] language1 a local habitation & a "n4 ,no poet is m]ely a pan!i/2 ^? :o are c\nt$ mo/ pan!i/ic1 l ,%elley1 />t ) "s local & p>ticul> image z ! pagans did4 ,aft] all1 ,%elley wrote ( ! skyl>k because x 0 a skyl>k4 ,y c\ld n issue an imp]ial or int]national translation ( x = use 9 ,s\? ,africa1 9 :i* x 0 *ang$ to an o/ri*4 ,s ! my?ological imag9ation moves z x 7 9 circles1 hov]+ ei!r to f9d a place or to return to x4 ,9 a ^w1 my?ology is a se>*2 x is some?+ t comb9es a recurr5t desire ) a recurr5t d\bt1 mix+ a mo/ hungry s9c]ity 9 ! idea ( seek+ = a place ) a mo/ d>k & deep & my/]i\s levity ab\t all ! places f\nd4 ,s f> c\ld ! lonely imag9ation lead1 & we mu/ turn lat] to ! lonely reason4 ,n[h]e along ?is road did ! two ev] travel toge!r4 ,t is :]e all ^! ?+s diff]$ f religion 9 ! reality 9 :i* ^! diff]5t dim5sions met or a sort ( solid4 ,!y diff]$ f ! reality n 9 :at !y look$ l b 9 :at !y 74 ,a picture may look l a l&scape2 x may look 9 e detail exactly l a l&scape4 ,! only detail 9 :i* x diff]s is t x is n a l&scape4 ,! diff]5ce is only t :i* divides a portrait ( ,que5 ,elizabe? f ,que5 ,elizabe?4 ,only 9 ?is my?ical & my/ical _w ! portrait c\ld exi/ be=e ! p]son2 & ! portrait 0 !re=e m vague & d\btful4 ,b anybody :o has felt & f$ on ! atmosph]e ( ^! my?s w "k :at ,i mean :5 ,i say t 9 "o s5se !y did n really pr(ess to be realities4 ,! pagans _h dreams ab\t realities2 & !y w\ld h be5 ! fir/ to admit1 9 _! own words1 t "s came ?r\gh ! gate ( ivory & o!rs ?r\gh ! gate ( horn4 ,! dreams d inde$ t5d to be v vivid dreams :5 !y t\* on ^? t5d] or tragic ?+s1 :i* c really make a sleep] awak5 ) ! s5se t 8 he>t has be5 brok5 9 8 sleep4 ,!y t5d cont9ually to hov] ov] c]ta9 passionate !mes ( meet+ & p>t+1 ( a life t ends 9 dea? or a dea? t is ! beg9n+ ( life4 ,demet] w&]s ov] a /rick5 _w look+ = a /ol5 *ild2 ,isis /ret*es out h] arms ov] ! e>? 9 va9 to ga!r ! limbs ( ,osiris2 & !re is lam5tation ^u ! hills = ,atys & ?r\gh ! woods = ,adonis4 ,!re m+les ) all su* m\rn+ ! my/ical & pr(\nd s5se t dea? c be a deliv]] & an appeasem5t2 t su* dea? gives u a div9e blood = a r5ovat+ riv] & t all good is f\nd 9 ga!r+ ! brok5 body ( ! god4 ,we may truly call ^! =e%ad[+s2 s long z we rememb] t =e%ad[+s are %ad[s4 ,& ! metaphor ( a %ad[ happ5s to hit v exactly ! tru? t is v vital "h4 ,= a %ad[ is a %ape2 a ?+ :i* reproduces %ape b n texture4 ,^! ?+s 7 some?+ l ! real ?+2 & to say t !y 7 l is to say t !y 7 diff]5t4 ,say+ some?+ is l a dog is ano!r way ( say+ x is n a dog2 & x is 9 ?is s5se ( id5tity t a my? is n a man4 ,nobody really ?\ght ( ,isis z a human be+2 nobody really ?\ght ( ,demet] z a hi/orical "*2 nobody ?\ght ( ,adonis z ! f\nd] ( a ,*ur*4 ,!re 0 no idea t any "o ( !m _h *ang$ ! _w2 b r t _! recurr5t dea? & life bore ! sad & beautiful burd5 ( ! *angelessness ( ! _w4 ,n "o ( !m 0 a revolution1 save 9 ! s5se ( ! revolution ( ! sun & moon4 ,_! :ole mean+ is miss$ if we d n see t !y mean ! %ad[s t we are & ! %ad[s t we pursue4 ,9 c]ta9 sacrificial & communal aspects !y naturally sugge/ :at sort ( a god might satisfy m52 b !y d n pr(ess to be satisfi$4 ,any "o :o says !y d is a bad judge ( poetry4 ,^? :o talk ab\t ,pagan ,*ri/s h less sympa?y ) ,paganism ?an ) ,*ri/ianity4 ,^? :o call ^! cults #8religions1' & #8comp>e' !m ) ! c]titude & *all5ge ( ! ,*ur* h mu* less appreciation ?an we h ( :at made hea!nism human1 or ( :y classic lit]ature is /ill some?+ t hangs 9 ! air l a song4 ,x is no v human t5d]ness = ! hungry to prove t hung] is ! same z food4 ,x is no v g5ial und]/&+ ( y\? to argue t hope de/roys ! ne$ = happ9ess4 ,& x is utt]ly unreal to argue t ^! images 9 ! m9d1 admir$ entirely 9 ! ab/ract1 7 ev5 9 ! same _w ) a liv+ man & a liv+ polity t 7 wor%ipp$ because !y 7 concrete4 ,we might z well say t a boy play+ at robb]s is ! same z a man 9 8 fir/ day 9 ! tr5*es2 or t a boy's fir/ fancies ab\t #8! n impossible %e' are ! same z ! sacram5t ( m>riage4 ,!y are fundam5tally diff]5t exactly :]e !y are sup]ficially simil>2 we might almo/ say !y are n ! same ev5 :5 !y are ! same4 ,!y are only diff]5t because "o is real & ! o!r is n4 ,i d n mean m]ely t ,i myself believe t "o is true & ! o!r is n4 ,i mean t "o 0 nev] meant to be true 9 ! same s5se z ! o!r4 ,! s5se 9 :i* x 0 meant to be true ,i h tri$ to sugge/ vaguely "h1 b x is und\bt$ly v subtle & almo/ indescribable4 ,x is s subtle t ! /ud5ts :o pr(ess to put x up z a rival to our religion miss ! :ole mean+ & purport ( _! own /udy4 ,we "k bett] ?an ! s*ol>s1 ev5 ^? ( u :o are no s*ol>s1 :at 0 9 t holl[ cry t w5t =? ov] ! dead ,adonis & :y ! ,great ,"m _h a daught] w$d$ to dea?4 ,we h ent]$ m deeply ?an !y into ! ,eleus9ian ,my/]ies & h pass$ a high] grade1 :]e gate )9 gate gu>d$ ! wisdom ( ,orpheus4 ,we "k ! mean+ ( all ! my?s4 ,we "k ! la/ secret reveal$ to ! p]fect initiate4 ,& x is n ! voice ( a prie/ or a prophet say+1 #8,^! ?+s are4' ,x is ! voice ( a dream] & an ideali/ cry+1 #8,:y _c ^! ?+s be8' ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,! ,,demons ,,& ,,! ,,philosoph]s ,i h dwelt at "s little l5g? on ?is imag9ative sort ( paganism1 :i* has cr[d$ ! _w ) temples & is ev]y:]e ! p>5t ( popul> fe/ivity4 ,= ! c5tral hi/ory ( civilisation1 z ,i see x1 consi/s ( two fur!r /ages be=e ! f9al /age ( ,*ri/5dom4 ,! fir/ 0 ! /ruggle betwe5 ?is paganism & some?+ less wor?y ?an itself1 & ! second ! process by :i* x grew 9 itself less wor?y4 ,9 ?is v v>i$ & (t5 v vague poly!ism !re 0 a weakness ( orig9al s94 ,pagan gods 7 depict$ z toss+ m5 l dice2 & inde$ !y are load$ dice4 ,ab\t sex especially m5 are born unbalanc$2 we might almo/ say m5 are born mad4 ,!y sc>cely rea* sanity till !y rea* sanctity4 ,?is disproportion dragg$ d[n ! w+$ fancies2 & fill$ ! end ( paganism ) a m]e fil? & litt] ( spawn+ gods4 ,b ! fir/ po9t to realise is t ?is sort ( paganism _h an e>ly collision ) ano!r sort ( paganism2 & t ! issue ( t ess5tially spiritual /ruggle really det]m9$ ! hi/ory ( ! _w4 ,9 ord] to und]/& x we mu/ pass to a review ( ! o!r k9d ( paganism4 ,x c be consid]$ mu* m briefly2 inde$1 !re is a v real s5se 9 :i* ! less t is said ab\t x ! bett]4 ,if we h call$ ! fir/ sort ( my?ology ! day-dream1 we might v well call ! second sort ( my?ology ! nightm>e4 ,sup]/ition recurs 9 all ages1 & especially 9 rationali/ic ages4 ,i rememb] def5d+ ! religi\s tradition aga9/ a :ole lun*eon-table ( di/+ui%$ agno/ics2 & be=e ! end ( our conv]sation e "o ( !m _h procur$ f 8 pocket1 or exhibit$ on 8 wat*-*a91 "s *>m or talisman f :i* he admitt$ t he 0 nev] sep>at$4 ,i 0 ! only p]son pres5t :o _h neglect$ to provide himself ) a feti%4 ,sup]/ition recurs 9 a rationali/ age because x re/s on some?+ :i*1 if n id5tical ) rationalism1 is n unconnect$ ) scepticism4 ,x is at lea/ v closely connect$ ) agno/icism4 ,x re/s on some?+ t is really a v human & intelligible s5tim5t1 l ! local invocations ( ! num5 9 popul> paganism4 ,b x is an agno/ic s5tim5t1 = x re/s on two feel+s3 fir/ t we d n really "k ! laws ( ! univ]se2 & second t !y may be v diff]5t f all t we call reason4 ,su* m5 realise ! real tru? t enorm\s ?+s d (t5 turn ^u t9y ?+s4 ,:5 a :isp] comes1 f tradition or :at n1 t "o p>ticul> t9y ?+ is ! key or clue1 some?+ deep & n altoge!r s5seless 9 human nature tells !m t x is n unlikely4 ,?is feel+ exi/s 9 bo? ! =ms ( paganism "h "u consid]ation4 ,b :5 we come to ! second =m ( x1 we f9d x trans=m$ & fill$ ) ano!r & m t]rible _s4 ,9 deal+ ) ! light] ?+ call$ my?ology1 ,i h said little ab\t ! mo/ disputable aspect ( x2 ! ext5t to :i* su* invocation ( ! spirits ( ! sea or ! elem5ts c inde$ call spirits f ! va/y deep2 or r 7z ! ,%akespe>ean sc(f] put x7 :e!r ! spirits come :5 !y are call$4 ,i believe t ,i am "r 9 ?9k+ t ?is problem1 practical z x s\nds1 did n play a dom9ant "p 9 ! poetical bus9ess ( my?ology4 ,b ,i ?9k x ev5 m obvi\s1 on ! evid5ce1 t ?+s ( t sort h sometimes appe>$1 ev5 if !y 7 only appe>ances4 ,b :5 we come to ! _w ( sup]/ition1 9 a m subtle s5se1 !re is a %ade ( diff]5ce2 a deep5+ & a d>k5+ %ade4 ,d\btless mo/ popul> sup]/ition is z frivol\s z any popul> my?ology4 ,m5 d n believe z a dogma t ,god w\ld ?r[ a ?und]bolt at !m = walk+ "u a ladd]2 m (t5 !y amuse !mselves ) ! n v labori\s ex]cise ( walk+ r\nd x4 ,!re is no m 9 x ?an :at ,i h already adumbrat$2 a sort ( airy agno/icism ab\t ! possibilities ( s /range a _w4 ,b !re is ano!r sort ( sup]/ition t does def9itely look = results2 :at might be call$ a reali/ic sup]/ition4 ,& ) t ! "q ( :e!r spirits d answ] or d appe> becomes mu* m s]i\s4 ,z ,i h said1 x seems to me pretty c]ta9 t !y sometimes d2 b ab\t t !re is a di/9ction t has be5 ! beg9n+ ( mu* evil 9 ! _w4 ,:e!r x be because ! ,fall has really br\ght m5 ne>] to less desirable neighb\rs 9 ! spiritual _w1 or :e!r x is m]ely t ! mood ( m5 eag] or gre$y f9ds x easi] to imag9e evil1 ,i believe t ! black magic ( wit*craft has be5 mu* m practical & mu* less poetical ?an ! :ite magic ( my?ology4 ,i fancy ! g>d5 ( ! wit* has be5 kept mu* m c>efully ?an ! woodl& ( ! nymph4 ,i fancy ! evil field has ev5 be5 m fruitful ?an ! good4 ,to />t )1 "s impulse1 p]haps a sort ( desp]ate impulse1 drove m5 to ! d>k] p[]s :5 deal+ ) practical problems4 ,!re 0 a sort ( secret & p]v]se feel+ t ! d>k] p[]s w\ld really d ?+s2 t !y _h no nons5se ab\t !m4 ,& inde$ t popul> phrase exactly expresses ! po9t4 ,! gods ( m]e my?ology _h a great deal ( nons5se ab\t !m4 ,!y _h a great deal ( good nons5se ab\t !m2 9 ! happy & hil>i\s s5se 9 :i* we talk ( ! nons5se ( ,jabb]wocky or ! ,l& :]e ! ,jumblies live4 ,b ! man consult+ a demon felt z _m a man has felt 9 consult+ a detective1 especially a private detective3 t x 0 dirty "w b ! "w w\ld really be done4 ,a man did n exactly g into ! wood to meet a nymph2 he r w5t ) ! hope ( meet+ a nymph4 ,x 0 an adv5ture r ?an an assignation4 ,b ! devil really kept 8 appo9tm5ts & ev5 9 "o s5se kept 8 promises2 ev5 if a man sometimes wi%$ aft]w>ds1 l ,macbe?1 t he _h brok5 !m4 ,9 ! acc\nts giv5 u ( _m rude or savage races we ga!r t ! cult ( demons (t5 came aft] ! cult ( deities1 & ev5 aft] ! cult ( "o s+le & supreme deity4 ,x may be suspect$ t 9 almo/ all su* places ! high] deity is felt to be too f> (f = appeal 9 c]ta9 petty matt]s1 & m5 invoke ! spirits because !y are 9 a m lit]al s5se famili> spirits4 ,b ) ! idea ( employ+ ! demons :o get ?+s done1 a new idea appe>s m wor?y ( ! demons4 ,x may inde$ be truly describ$ z ! idea ( be+ wor?y ( ! demons2 ( mak+ oneself fit = _! fa/idi\s & exact+ society4 ,sup]/ition ( ! light] sort toys ) ! idea t "s trifle1 "s small ge/ure su* z ?r[+ ! salt1 may t\* ! hidd5 spr+ t works ! my/]i\s ma*9]y ( ! _w4 ,& !re is aft] all some?+ 9 ! idea ( su* an ,op5 ,sesame4 ,b ) ! appeal to l[] spirits comes ! horrible notion t ! ge/ure mu/ n only be v small b v l[2 t x mu/ be a monkey trick ( an utt]ly ugly & unwor?y sort4 ,soon] or lat] a man delib]ately sets himself to d ! mo/ disgu/+ ?+ he c ?9k (4 ,x is felt t ! extreme ( evil w extort a sort ( att5tion or answ] f ! evil p[]s "u ! surface ( ! _w4 ,?is is ! mean+ ( mo/ ( ! cannibalism 9 ! _w4 ,= mo/ cannibalism is n a primitive or ev5 a be/ial habit4 ,x is artificial & ev5 arti/ic2 a sort ( art = art's sake4 ,m5 d n d x because !y d n ?9k x horrible2 b1 on ! contr>y1 because !y d ?9k x horrible4 ,!y wi%1 9 ! mo/ lit]al s5se1 to sup on horrors4 ,t is :y x is (t5 f\nd t rude races l ! ,au/ralian natives are n cannibals2 :ile mu* m ref9$ & intellig5t races1 l ! ,new ,zeal& ,maories1 occasionally are4 ,!y are ref9$ & intellig5t en\gh to indulge sometimes 9 a self-consci\s diabolism4 ,b if we c\ld und]/& _! m9ds1 or ev5 really und]/& _! language1 we %\ld probably f9d t !y 7 n act+ z ignorant1 t is z innoc5t cannibals4 ,!y are n do+ x because !y d n ?9k x wrong1 b precisely because !y d ?9k x wrong4 ,!y are act+ l a ,p>isian decad5t at a ,black ,mass4 ,b ! ,black ,mass has to hide und]gr\nd f ! pres5ce ( ! real ,mass4 ,9 o!r words1 ! demons h really be5 9 hid+ s9ce ! com+ ( ,*ri/ on e>?4 ,! cannibalism ( ! high] b>b>ians is 9 hid+ f ! civilisation ( ! :ite man4 ,b be=e ,*ri/5dom1 & especially outside ,europe1 ?is 0 n always s4 ,9 ! anci5t _w ! demons (t5 w&]$ abroad l dragons4 ,!y c\ld be positively & publicly en?ron$ z gods4 ,_! enorm\s images c\ld be set up 9 public temples 9 ! c5tre ( popul\s cities4 ,& all ov] ! _w ! traces c be f\nd ( ?is /rik+ & solid fact1 s curi\sly ov]look$ by ! mod]ns :o speak ( all su* evil z primitive & e>ly 9 evolution1 t z a matt] ( fact "s ( ! v highe/ civilisations ( ! _w 7 ! v places :]e ! horns ( ,satan 7 exalt$1 n only to ! />s b 9 ! face ( ! sun4 ,take = example ! ,aztecs & ,am]ican ,indians ( ! anci5t empires ( ,mexico & ,p]u4 ,!y 7 at lea/ z elaborate z ,egypt or ,*9a & only less lively ?an t c5tral civilisation :i* is our own4 ,b ^? :o criticise t c5tral civilisation 7:i* is always _! own civilisation7 h a curi\s habit ( n m]ely do+ _! legitimate duty 9 condemn+ its crimes1 b ( go+ out ( _! way to idealise its victims4 ,!y always assume t be=e ! adv5t ( ,europe !re 0 no?+ any:]e b ,ed54 ,& ,sw9burne1 9 t spirit$ *orus ( ! nations 9 #8,songs be=e ,sunrise1' us$ an expression ab\t ,spa9 9 h] ,s\? ,am]ican conque/s :i* always /ruck me z v /range4 ,he said some?+ ab\t #8h] s9s & sons ?r\gh s9less l&s disp]s$1' & h[ !y #8made accurs$ ! "n ( man & ?rice accurs$ ! "n ( ,god4' ,x may be reasonable en\gh t he %\ld say ! ,spani>ds 7 s9ful1 b :y 9 ! _w %\ld he say t ! ,s\? ,am]icans 7 s9less8 ,:y %\ld he h suppos$ t cont95t to be exclusively populat$ by ar*angels or sa9ts p]fect 9 heav58 ,x w\ld be a /rong ?+ to say ( ! mo/ respectable neighb\rhood2 b :5 we come to ?9k ( :at we really d "k ( t society ! rem>k is r funny4 ,we "k t ! s9less prie/s ( ?is s9less p wor%ipp$ s9less gods1 :o accept$ z ! nect> & ambrosia ( _! sunny p>adise no?+ b incessant human sacrifice accompani$ by horrible torm5ts4 ,we may note also 9 ! my?ology ( ?is ,am]ican civilisation t elem5t ( rev]sal or viol5ce aga9/ in/9ct ( :i* ,dante wrote2 :i* runs backw>ds ev]y:]e ?r\gh ! unnatural religion ( ! demons4 ,x is notable n only 9 e?ics b 9 ae/hetics4 ,a ,s\? ,am]ican idol 0 made z ugly z possible1 z a ,greek image 0 made z beautiful z possible4 ,!y 7 seek+ ! secret ( p[]1 by work+ backw>ds aga9/ _! own nature & ! nature ( ?+s4 ,!re 0 always a sort ( ye>n+ to c>ve at la/1 9 gold or granite or ! d>k r$ timb] ( ! =e/s1 a face at :i* ! sky itself w\ld break l a crack$ mirror4 ,9 any case x is cle> en\gh t ! pa9t$ & gild$ civilisation ( tropical ,am]ica sy/ematically indulg$ 9 human sacrifice4 ,x is by no means cle>1 s f> z ,i "k1 t ! ,eskimos ev] indulg$ 9 human sacrifice4 ,!y 7 n civilis$ en\gh4 ,!y 7 too closely imprison$ by ! :ite w9t] & ! endless d>k4 ,*ill p5ury repress$ _! noble rage & froze ! g5ial curr5t ( ! s\l4 ,x 0 9 bright] days & broad] daylight t ! noble rage is f\nd unmi/akably rag+4 ,x 0 9 ri*] & m in/ruct$ l&s t ! g5ial curr5t fl[$ on ! alt>s1 to be drunk by great gods we>+ goggl+ & gr9n+ masks & call$ on 9 t]ror or torm5t by long cacophon\s names t s\nd l laught] 9 hell4 ,a w>m] climate & a m sci5tific cultivation 7 ne$$ to br+ =? ^! blooms2 to draw up t[>ds ! sun ! l>ge leaves & flamboyant blossoms t gave _! gold & crimson & purple to t g>d51 :i* ,sw9burne comp>es to ! ,hesp]ides4 ,!re 0 at lea/ no d\bt ab\t ! dragon4 ,i d n raise 9 ?is connection ! special controv]sy ab\t ,spa9 & ,mexico2 b ,i may rem>k 9 pass+ t x resembles exactly ! "q t mu/ 9 "s s5se be rais$ aft]w>ds ab\t ,rome & ,c>?age4 ,9 bo? cases !re has be5 a que] habit among ! ,engli% ( always sid+ aga9/ ! ,europeans1 & repres5t+ ! rival civilisation1 9 ,sw9burne's phrase1 z s9less2 :5 its s9s 7 obvi\sly cry+ or r scream+ to heav54 ,= ,c>?age also 0 a high civilisation1 inde$ a mu* m highly civilis$ civilisation4 ,& ,c>?age also f\nd$ t civilisation on a religion ( fe>1 s5d+ up ev]y:]e ! smoke ( human sacrifice4 ,n[ x is v "r to rebuke our own race or religion = fall+ %ort ( our own /&>ds & ideals4 ,b x is absurd to pret5d t !y fell l[] ?an ! o!r races & religions t pr(ess$ ! v opposite /&>ds & ideals4 ,!re is a v real s5se 9 :i* ! ,*ri/ian is worse ?an ! hea!n1 ! ,spani>d worse ?an ! ,r$ ,indian1 or ev5 ! ,roman pot5tially worse ?an ! ,c>?ag9ian4 ,b !re is only "o s5se 9 :i* he is worse2 & t is n 9 be+ positively worse4 ,! ,*ri/ian is only worse because x is 8 bus9ess to be bett]4 ,?is inv]t$ imag9ation produces ?+s ( :i* x is bett] n to speak4 ,"s ( !m inde$ might almo/ be nam$ )\t be+ kn[n2 = !y are ( t extreme evil :i* seems innoc5t to ! innoc5t4 ,!y are too inhuman ev5 to be indec5t4 ,b )\t dwell+ mu* long] 9 ^! d>k corn]s1 x may be not$ z n irrelevant "h t c]ta9 anti-human antagonisms seem to recur 9 ?is tradition ( black magic4 ,!re may be suspect$ z runn+ ?r\gh x ev]y:]e1 = in/ance1 a my/ical hatr$ ( ! idea ( *ildhood4 ,p w\ld und]/& bett] ! popul> fury aga9/ ! wit*es1 if !y rememb]$ t ! malice mo/ commonly attribut$ to !m 0 prev5t+ ! bir? ( *ildr54 ,! ,hebrew prophets 7 p]petually prote/+ aga9/ ! ,hebrew race relaps+ into an idolatry t involv$ su* a w> ^u *ildr52 & x is probable en\gh t ?is abom9able apo/asy f ! ,god ( ,israel has occasionally appe>$ 9 ,israel s9ce1 9 ! =m ( :at is call$ ritual murd]2 n ( c\rse by any repres5tative ( ! religion ( ,judaism1 b by individual & irresponsible diaboli/s :o did happ5 to be ,jews4 ,?is s5se t ! =ces ( evil especially ?reat5 *ildhood is f\nd aga9 9 ! enorm\s popul>ity ( ! ,*ild ,m>tyr ( ! ,middle ,ages4 ,*auc] did b give ano!r v]sion ( a v national ,engli% leg5d1 :5 he conceiv$ ! wick$e/ ( all possible wit*es z ! d>k ali5 woman wat*+ beh9d h] high lattice & he>+1 l ! babble ( a brook d[n ! /ony /reet1 ! s++ ( little ,/4 ,hugh4 ,anyh[ ! "p ( su* speculations t conc]ns ?is /ory c5tr$ especially r\nd t ea/]n end ( ! ,m$it]ranean :]e ! nomads _h turn$ gradually into trad]s & _h begun to trade ) ! :ole _w4 ,inde$ 9 ! s5se ( trade & travel & colonial ext5sion1 x already _h some?+ l an empire ( ! :ole _w4 ,its purple dye1 ! emblem ( its ri* pomp & luxury1 _h /eep$ ! w>es :i* 7 sold f> away amid ! la/ crags ( ,cornwall & ! sails t ent]$ ! sil5ce ( tropic seas amid all ! my/]y ( ,africa4 ,x might be said truly to h pa9t$ ! map purple4 ,x 0 already a _w-wide success1 :5 ! pr9ces ( ,tyre w\ld h>dly h tr\bl$ to notice t "o ( _! pr9cesses _h condesc5d$ to m>ry ! *ief ( "s tribe call$ ,judah2 :5 ! m]*ants ( its ,african outpo/ w\ld only h curl$ _! be>d$ & ,semitic lips ) a slight smile at ! m5tion ( a village call$ ,rome4 ,& inde$ no two ?+s c\ld h seem$ m di/ant f ea* o!r1 n only 9 space b 9 _s1 ?an ! mono!ism ( ! ,pale/9ian tribe & ! v virtues ( ! small ,italian republic4 ,!re 0 b "o ?+ betwe5 !m2 & ! ?+ :i* divid$ !m has unit$ !m4 ,v v>i\s & incompatible 7 ! ?+s t c\ld be lov$ by ! consuls ( ,rome & ! prophets ( ,israel2 b !y 7 at "o 9 :at !y hat$4 ,x is v easy 9 bo? cases to repres5t t hatr$ z some?+ m]ely hateful4 ,x is easy en\gh to make a m]ely h>% & inhuman figure ei!r ( ,elijah rav+ above ! slaught] ( ,c>mel or ,cato ?und]+ aga9/ ! amne/y ( ,africa4 ,^! m5 _h _! limitations & _! local passions2 b ?is criticism ( !m is unimag9ative & !re=e unreal4 ,x leaves out some?+1 some?+ imm5se & int]m$iate1 fac+ ea/ & we/ & call+ up ?is passion 9 its ea/]n & we/]n enemies2 & t some?+ is ! fir/ subject ( ?is *apt]4 ,! civilisation t c5tr$ 9 ,tyre & ,sidon 0 above all ?+s practical4 ,x has left little 9 ! way ( art & no?+ 9 ! way ( poetry4 ,b x prid$ itself ^u be+ v effici5t2 & x foll[$ 9 its philosophy & religion t /range & sometimes secret tra9 ( ?\ght :i* we h already not$ 9 ^? :o look = imm$iate effects4 ,!re is always 9 su* a m5tality an idea t !re is a %ort cut to ! secret ( all success2 some?+ t w\ld %ock ! _w by ?is sort ( %ameless ?or\ghness4 ,!y believ$1 9 ! appropriate mod]n phrase1 9 p :o deliv]$ ! goods4 ,9 _! deal+s ) _! god ,molo*1 !y !mselves 7 always c>eful to deliv] ! goods4 ,x 0 an int]e/+ transaction1 ^u :i* we %all h to t\* m ?an once 9 ! re/ ( ! n>rative2 x is en\gh to say "h t x involv$ ! !ory ,i h sugge/$ ab\t a c]ta9 attitude t[>ds *ildr54 ,?is 0 :at call$ up aga9/ x 9 simultane\s fury ! s]vant ( "o ,god 9 ,pale/9e & ! gu>dians ( all ! h\sehold gods 9 ,rome4 ,?is is :at *all5g$ two ?+s naturally s mu* divid$ by e sort ( di/ance & disunion1 ^: union 0 to save ! _w4 ,i h call$ ! f\r? & f9al division ( ! spiritual elem5ts into :i* ,i %\ld divide hea!n humanity by ! "n ( ,! ,philosoph]s4 ,i confess t x cov]s 9 my m9d mu* t w\ld g5]ally be classifi$ o!rwise2 & t :at are "h call$ philosophies are v (t5 call$ religions4 ,i believe h[ev] t my own description w be f\nd to be mu* ! m reali/ic & n ! less respectful4 ,b we mu/ fir/ take philosophy 9 its pure/ & cle>e/ =m t we may trace its normal outl9e2 & t is to be f\nd 9 ! _w ( ! pure/ & cle>e/ outl9es1 t culture ( ! ,m$it]ranean ( :i* we h be5 consid]+ ! my?ologies & idolatries 9 ! la/ two *apt]s4 ,poly!ism1 or t aspect ( paganism1 0 nev] to ! pagan :at ,ca?olicism is to ! ,ca?olic4 ,x 0 nev] a view ( ! univ]se satisfy+ all sides ( life2 a complete & complex tru? ) some?+ to say ab\t ev]y?+4 ,x 0 only a satisfaction ( "o side ( ! s\l ( man1 ev5 if we call x ! religi\s side2 & ,i ?9k x is tru] to call x ! imag9ative side4 ,b ?is x did satisfy2 9 ! end x satisfi$ x to satiety4 ,all t _w 0 a tissue ( int]wov5 tales & cults1 & !re ran 9 & out ( x1 z we h already se51 t black ?read among its m blameless col\rs3 ! d>k] paganism t 0 really diabolism4 ,b we all "k t ?is did n mean t all pagan m5 ?\ght ( no?+ b pagan gods4 ,precisely because my?ology only satisfi$ "o mood1 !y turn$ 9 o!r moods to some?+ totally diff]5t4 ,b x is v important to realise t x 0 totally diff]5t4 ,x 0 too diff]5t to be inconsi/5t4 ,x 0 s ali5 t x did n cla%4 ,:ile a mob ( p 7 p\r+ on a public holiday to ! fea/ ( ,adonis or ! games 9 hon\r ( ,apollo1 ?is or t man w\ld pref] to /op at home & ?9k out a little !ory ab\t ! nature ( ?+s4 ,sometimes 8 hobby w\ld ev5 take ! =m ( ?9k+ ab\t ! nature ( ,god2 or ev5 9 t s5se ab\t ! nature ( ! gods4 ,b he v seldom ?\ght ( pitt+ 8 nature ( ! gods aga9/ ! gods ( nature4 ,x is necess>y to insi/ on ?is ab/raction 9 ! fir/ /ud5t ( ab/ractions4 ,he 0 n s mu* antagoni/ic z abs5t-m9d$4 ,8 hobby might be ! univ]se2 b at fir/ ! hobby 0 z private z if x _h be5 numismatics or play+ draughts4 ,& ev5 :5 8 wisdom came to be a public possession1 & almo/ a political in/itution1 x 0 v seldom on ! same plane z ! popul> & religi\s in/itutions4 ,ari/otle1 ) 8 colossal common s5se1 0 p]haps ! greate/ ( all philosoph]s2 c]ta9ly ! mo/ practical ( all philosoph]s4 ,b ,ari/otle w\ld no m h set up ! ,absolute side by side ) ! ,apollo ( ,delphi1 z a simil> or rival religion1 ?an ,ar*im$es w\ld h ?\ght ( sett+ up ! ,lev] z a sort ( idol or feti% to be sub/itut$ = ! ,palladium ( ! city4 ,or we might z well imag9e ,euclid build+ an alt> to an isosceles triangle1 or (f]+ sacrifices to ! squ>e on ! hypot5use4 ,! "o man m$itat$ on metaphysics z ! o!r man did on ma!matics2 = ! love ( tru? or = curiosity or = ! fun ( ! ?+4 ,b t sort ( fun nev] seems to h int]f]$ v mu* ) ! o!r sort ( fun2 ! fun ( danc+ or s++ to celebrate "s rascally romance ab\t ,zeus becom+ a bull or a swan4 ,x is p]haps ! pro( ( a c]ta9 sup]ficiality & ev5 ins9c]ity ab\t ! popul> poly!ism1 t m5 c\ld be philosoph]s & ev5 sceptics )\t di/urb+ x4 ,^! ?9k]s c\ld move ! f\ndations ( ! _w )\t alt]+ ev5 ! outl9e ( t col\r$ cl\d t hung above x 9 ! air4 ,= ! ?9k]s did move ! f\ndations ( ! _w2 ev5 :5 a curi\s compromise seem$ to prev5t !m f mov+ ! f\ndations ( ! city4 ,! two great philosoph]s ( antiquity d inde$ appe> to u z def5d]s ( sane & ev5 ( sacr$ ideas2 _! maxims (t5 read l ! answ]s to sceptical que/ions too completely answ]$ to be always record$4 ,ari/otle annihilat$ a hundr$ an>*i/s & nature-wor%ipp+ cranks by ! fundam5tal /atem5t t man is a political animal4 ,plato 9 "s s5se anticipat$ ! ,ca?olic realism1 z attack$ by ! h]etical nom9alism1 by insi/+ on ! equally fundam5tal fact t ideas are realities2 t ideas exi/ j z m5 exi/4 ,plato h[ev] seem$ sometimes almo/ to fancy t ideas exi/ z m5 d n exi/2 or t ! m5 ne$ h>dly be consid]$ :]e !y conflict ) ! ideas4 ,he _h some?+ ( ! social s5tim5t t we call ,fabian 9 8 ideal ( fitt+ ! citiz5 to ! city1 l an imag9>y head to an ideal hat2 & great & glori\s z he rema9s1 he has be5 ! fa!r ( all faddi/s4 ,ari/otle anticipat$ m fully ! sacram5tal sanity t 0 to comb9e ! body & ! s\l ( ?+s2 = he consid]$ ! nature ( m5 z well z ! nature ( morals1 & look$ to ! eyes z well z to ! light4 ,b ?\gh ^! great m5 7 9 t s5se con/ructive & cons]vative1 !y belong$ to a _w :]e ?\ght 0 free to ! po9t ( be+ fanciful4 ,_m o!r great intellects did inde$ foll[ !m1 "s exalt+ an ab/ract vision ( virtue1 o!rs foll[+ m rationali/ically ! necessity ( ! human pursuit ( happ9ess4 ,! =m] _h ! "n ( ,/oics2 & _! "n has pass$ into a prov]b = :at is inde$ "o ( ! ma9 moral ideals ( mank9d3 t ( /r5g!n+ ! m9d itself until x is ( a texture to resi/ calamity or ev5 pa94 ,b x is admitt$ t a great numb] ( ! philosoph]s deg5]at$ into :at we /ill call sophi/s4 ,!y became a sort ( pr(essional sceptics :o w5t ab\t ask+ uncom=table que/ions1 & 7 h&somely paid = mak+ !mselves a nuisance to normal p4 ,x 0 p]haps an accid5tal resemblance to su* que/ion+ quacks t 0 responsible = ! unpopul>ity ( ! great ,socrates2 ^: dea? might seem to contradict ! sugge/ion ( ! p]man5t truce betwe5 ! philosoph]s & ! gods4 ,b ,socrates did n die z a mono!i/ :o d5\nc$ poly!ism2 c]ta9ly n z a prophet :o d5\nc$ idols4 ,x is cle> to any "o read+ betwe5 ! l9es t !re 0 "s notion1 "r or wrong1 ( a purely p]sonal influ5ce affect+ morals & p]haps politics4 ,! g5]al compromise rema9$2 :e!r x 0 t ! ,greeks ?\ght _! my?s a joke or t !y ?\ght _! !ories a joke4 ,!re 0 nev] any collision 9 :i* "o really de/roy$ ! o!r1 & !re 0 nev] any comb9ation 9 :i* "o 0 really reconcil$ ) ! o!r4 ,!y c]ta9ly did n "w toge!r2 if any?+ ! philosoph] 0 a rival ( ! prie/4 ,b bo? seem$ to h accept$ a sort ( sep>ation ( functions & rema9$ p>ts ( ! same social sy/em4 ,ano!r important tradition desc5ds f ,py?agoras2 :o is significant because he /&s ne>e/ to ! ,ori5tal my/ics :o mu/ be consid]$ 9 _! turn4 ,he taught a sort ( my/icism ( ma!matics1 t numb] is ! ultimate reality2 b he also seems to h taught ! transmigration ( s\ls l ! ,brahm9s2 & to h left to 8 foll[]s c]ta9 traditional tricks ( veget>ianism & wat]-dr9k+ v common among ! ea/]n sages1 especially ^? :o figure 9 fa%ionable draw+-rooms1 l ^? ( ! lat] ,roman ,empire4 ,b 9 pass+ to ea/]n sages1 & ! some:at diff]5t atmosph]e ( ! ,ea/1 we may approa* a r important tru? by ano!r pa?4 ,"o ( ! great philosoph]s said t x w\ld be well if philosoph]s 7 k+s1 or k+s 7 philosoph]s4 ,he spoke z ( some?+ too good to be true2 b1 z a matt] ( fact1 x n unfrequ5tly 0 true4 ,a c]ta9 type1 p]haps too little notic$ 9 hi/ory1 may really be call$ ! royal philosoph]4 ,to beg9 )1 ap>t f actual royalty1 x did occasionally become possible = ! sage1 ?\gh he 0 n :at we call a religi\s f\nd]1 to be some?+ l a political f\nd]4 ,& ! great example ( ?is1 "o ( ! v greate/ 9 ! _w1 w ) ! v ?\ght ( x c>ry u ?\s&s ( miles across ! va/ spaces ( ,asia to t v wond]ful & 9 "s ways t v wise _w ( ideas & in/itutions1 :i* we dismiss some:at *eaply :5 we talk ( ,*9a4 ,m5 h s]v$ _m v /range gods2 & tru/$ !mselves loyally to _m ideals & ev5 idols4 ,*9a is a society t has really *os5 to believe 9 intellect4 ,x has tak5 intellect s]i\sly2 & x may be t x /&s alone 9 ! _w4 ,f a v e>ly age x fac$ ! dilemma ( ! k+ & ! philosoph] by actually appo9t+ a philosoph] to advise ! k+4 ,x made a public in/itution out ( a private individual1 :o _h no?+ 9 ! _w to d b to be intellectual4 ,x _h & has1 ( c\rse1 _m o!r ?+s on ! same patt]n4 ,x creates all ranks & privileges by public exam9ation2 x has no?+ t we call an ari/ocracy2 x is a democracy dom9at$ by an intellig5tsia4 ,b ! po9t "h is t x _h philosoph]s to advise k+s2 & "o ( ^? philosoph]s mu/ h be5 a great philosoph] & a great /atesman4 ,confucius 0 n a religi\s f\nd] or ev5 a religi\s tea*]2 possibly n ev5 a religi\s man4 ,he 0 n an a!i/2 he 0 app>5tly :at we call an agno/ic4 ,b ! really vital po9t is t x is utt]ly irrelevant to talk ab\t 8 religion at all4 ,x is l talk+ ( !ology z ! fir/ ?+ 9 ! /ory ( h[ ,r[l& ,hill e/abli%$ ! po/al sy/em or ,bad5 ,p[ell organis$ ! ,boy ,sc\ts4 ,confucius 0 n !re to br+ a message f heav5 to humanity1 b to organise ,*9a2 & he mu/ h organis$ x exce$+ly well4 ,x foll[s t he dealt mu* ) morals2 b he b\nd !m up /rictly ) mann]s4 ,! peculi>ity ( 8 s*eme1 & ( 8 c\ntry1 9 :i* x contra/s ) its great p5dant ! sy/em ( ,*ri/5dom1 is t he insi/$ on p]petuat+ an ext]nal life ) all its =ms1 t outw>d cont9uity might pres]ve int]nal peace4 ,any "o :o kn[s h[ mu* habit has to d ) heal?1 ( m9d z well z body1 w see ! tru? 9 8 idea4 ,b he w also see t ! ance/or-wor%ip & ! rev]5ce = ! ,sacr$ ,emp]or 7 habits & n cre$s4 ,x is unfair to ! great ,confucius to say he 0 a religi\s f\nd]4 ,x is ev5 unfair to him to say he 0 n a religi\s f\nd]4 ,x is z unfair z go+ out ( "o's way to say t ,j]emy ,b5?am 0 n a ,*ri/ian m>tyr4 ,b !re is a class ( mo/ int]e/+ cases 9 :i* philosoph]s 7 k+s1 & n m]ely ! fri5ds ( k+s4 ,! comb9ation is n accid5tal4 ,x has a great deal to d ) ?is r elusive "q ( ! function ( ! philosoph]4 ,x conta9s 9 x "s h9t ( :y philosophy & my?ology seldom came to an op5 rupture4 ,x 0 n only because !re 0 some?+ a little frivol\s ab\t ! my?ology4 ,x 0 also because !re 0 some?+ a little sup]cili\s ab\t ! philosoph]4 ,he despis$ ! my?s1 b he also despis$ ! mob2 & ?\ght !y suit$ ea* o!r4 ,! pagan philosoph] 0 seldom a man ( ! p1 at any rate 9 _s2 he 0 seldom a democrat & (t5 a bitt] critic ( democracy4 ,he _h ab\t him an air ( ari/ocratic & humane leisure2 & 8 "p 0 mo/ easily play$ by m5 :o happ5$ to be 9 su* a position4 ,x 0 v easy & natural = a pr9ce or a prom95t p]son to play at be+ z philosophical z ,hamlet1 or ,!seus 9 ! ,midsumm] ,night's ,dream4 ,& f v e>ly ages we f9d ourselves 9 ! pres5ce ( ^! pr9cely intellectuals4 ,9 fact1 we f9d "o ( !m 9 ! v fir/ record$ ages ( ! _w2 sitt+ on t primeval ?rone t look$ ov] anci5t ,egypt4 ,! mo/ int5se int]e/ ( ! incid5t ( ,akh5at51 commonly call$ ! ,h]etic ,ph>aoh1 lies 9 ! fact t he 0 ! "o example1 at any rate be=e ,*ri/ian times1 ( "o ( ^! royal philosoph]s :o set himself to fight popul> my?ology 9 ! "n ( private philosophy4 ,mo/ ( !m assum$ ! attitude ( ,m>cus ,aurelius1 :o is 9 _m ways ! model ( ?is sort ( mon>* & sage4 ,m>cus ,aurelius has be5 blam$ = tol]at+ ! pagan amphi!atre or ! ,*ri/ian m>tyrdoms4 ,b x 0 *>act]i/ic2 = ?is sort ( man really ?\ght ( popul> religion j z he ?\ght ( popul> circuses4 ,( him ,pr(essor ,phillimore has pr(\ndly said #8a great & good man--& he knew x4' ,! ,h]etic ,ph>aoh _h a philosophy m e>ne/ & p]haps m humble4 ,= !re is a coroll>y to ! conception ( be+ too pr\d to fight4 ,x is t ! humble h to d mo/ ( ! fight+4 ,anyh[1 ! ,egyptian pr9ce 0 simple en\gh to take 8 own philosophy s]i\sly1 & alone among su* intellectual pr9ces he affect$ a sort ( c\p d'tat2 hurl+ d[n ! high gods ( ,egypt ) "o imp]ial ge/ure & lift+ up = all m51 l a blaz+ mirror ( mono!i/ic tru?1 ! disc ( ! univ]sal sun4 ,he _h o!r int]e/+ ideas (t5 to be f\nd 9 su* ideali/s4 ,9 ! s5se 9 :i* we speak ( a ,little ,engl&] he 0 a ,little ,egypt]4 ,9 art he 0 a reali/ because he 0 an ideali/2 = realism is m impossible ?an any o!r ideal4 ,b aft] all !re falls on him some?+ ( ! %ad[ ( ,m>cus ,aurelius2 /alk$ by ! %ad[ ( ,pr(essor ,phillimore4 ,:at is ! matt] ) ?is noble sort ( pr9ce is t he has n[h]e q escap$ be+ some?+ ( a prig4 ,priggi%ness is s pung5t a smell t x cl+s amid ! fad$ spices ev5 to an ,egyptian mummy4 ,:at 0 ! matt] ) ! ,h]etic ,ph>aoh1 z ) a good _m o!r h]etics1 0 t he probably nev] paus$ to ask himself :e!r !re 0 any?+ 9 ! popul> beliefs & tales ( p less educat$ ?an himself4 ,&1 z already sugge/$1 !re 0 some?+ 9 !m4 ,!re 0 a real human hung] 9 all t elem5t ( feature & locality1 t procession ( deities l enorm\s pet animals1 9 t unwe>i$ wat*+ at c]ta9 haunt$ spots1 9 all ! mazy w&]+ ( my?ology4 ,nature may n h ! "n ( ,isis2 ,isis may n be really look+ = ,osiris4 ,b x is true t ,nature is really look+ = some?+4 ,nature is always look+ = ! sup]natural4 ,some?+ mu* m def9ite 0 to satisfy t ne$2 b a dignifi$ mon>* ) a disc ( ! sun did n satisfy x4 ,! royal exp]im5t fail$ amid a ro>+ reaction ( popul> sup]/itions1 9 :i* ! prie/s rose on ! %\ld]s ( ! p & asc5d$ ! ?rone ( ! k+s4 ,! next great example ,i %all take ( ! pr9cely sage is ,gautama1 ! great ,"l ,buddha4 ,i "k he is n g5]ally class$ m]ely ) ! philosoph]s2 b ,i am m & m conv9c$1 f all in=mation t rea*es me1 t ?is is ! real int]pretation ( 8 imm5se importance4 ,he 0 by f> ! greate/ & ! be/ ( ^! intellectuals born 9 ! purple4 ,8 reaction 0 p]haps ! noble/ & mo/ s9c]e ( all ! resultant actions ( t comb9ation ( ?9k]s & ( ?rones4 ,= 8 reaction 0 r5unciation4 ,m>cus ,aurelius 0 cont5t to say1 ) a ref9$ irony1 t ev5 9 a palace life c\ld be liv$ well4 ,! fi]i] ,egyptian k+ conclud$ t x c\ld be liv$ ev5 bett] aft] a palace revolution4 ,b ! great ,gautama 0 ! only "o ( !m :o prov$ he c\ld really d )\t 8 palace4 ,"o fell back on tol]ation & ! o!r on revolution4 ,b aft] all !re is some?+ m absolute ab\t abdication4 ,abdication is p]haps ! "o really absolute action ( an absolute mon>*4 ,! ,indian pr9ce1 re>$ 9 ,ori5tal luxury & pomp1 delib]ately w5t out & liv$ ! life ( a begg>4 ,t is magnific5t1 b x is n w>2 t is1 x is n necess>ily a ,crusade 9 ! ,*ri/ian s5se4 ,x does n decide ! "q ( :e!r ! life ( a begg> 0 ! life ( a sa9t or ! life ( a philosoph]4 ,x does n decide :e!r ?is great man is really to g into ! tub ( ,diog5es or ! cave ( ,/4 ,j]ome4 ,n[ ^? :o seem to be ne>e/ to ! /udy ( ,buddha1 & c]ta9ly ^? :o write mo/ cle>ly & intellig5tly ab\t him1 conv9ce me = "o t he 0 simply a philosoph] :o f\nd$ a successful s*ool ( philosophy1 & 0 turn$ into a sort ( divus or sacr$ be+ m]ely by ! m my/]i\s & unsci5tific atmosph]e ( all su* traditions 9 ,asia4 ,s t x is necess>y to say at ?is po9t a ^w ab\t t invisible yet vivid bord]-l9e t we cross 9 pass+ f ! ,m$it]ranean into ! my/]y ( ! ,ea/4 ,p]haps !re are no ?+s out ( :i* we get s little ( ! tru? z ! truisms2 especially :5 !y are really true4 ,we are all 9 ! habit ( say+ c]ta9 ?+s ab\t ,asia1 :i* are true en\gh b :i* h>dly help u because we d n und]/& _! tru?2 z t ,asia is old or looks to ! pa/ or is n progressive4 ,n[ x is true t ,*ri/5dom is m progressive1 9 a s5se t has v little to d ) ! r prov9cial notion ( an endless fuss ( political improvem5t4 ,*ri/5dom does believe1 = ,*ri/ianity does believe1 t man c ev5tually get some:]e1 "h or h]eaft]1 or 9 v>i\s ways accord+ to v>i\s doctr9es4 ,! _w's desire c someh[ be satisfi$ z desires are satisfi$1 :e!r by a new life or an old love or "s =m ( positive possession & fulfilm5t4 ,= ! re/1 we all "k !re is a rhy?m & n a m]e progress 9 ?+s1 t ?+s rise & fall2 only ) u ! rhy?m is a fairly free & incalculable rhy?m4 ,= mo/ ( ,asia ! rhy?m has h>d5$ into a recurr5ce4 ,x is no long] m]ely a r topsy-turvy sort ( _w2 x is a :eel4 ,:at has happ5$ to all ^? highly intellig5t & highly civilis$ peoples is t !y h be5 caught up 9 a sort ( cosmic rotation1 ( :i* ! holl[ hub is really no?+4 ,9 t s5se ! wor/ "p ( exi/5ce is t x may j z well g on l t = ev]4 ,t is :at we really mean :5 we say t ,asia is old or unprogressive or look+ backw>ds4 ,t is :y we see ev5 h] curv$ swords z arcs brok5 f t bl9d+ :eel2 :y we see h] s]p5t9e ornam5t z return+ ev]y:]e1 l a snake t is nev] sla94 ,x has v little to d ) ! political v>ni% ( progress2 all ,asiatics might h tophats on _! heads1 b if !y _h ?is _s /ill 9 _! he>ts !y w\ld only ?9k ! hats w\ld vani% & come r\nd aga9 l ! planets2 n t runn+ aft] a hat c\ld lead !m to heav5 or ev5 to home4 ,n[ :5 ! g5ius ( ,buddha arose to deal ) ! matt]1 ?is sort ( cosmic s5tim5t 0 already common to almo/ ev]y?+ 9 ! ,ea/4 ,!re 0 inde$ ! jungle ( an extraord9>ily extravagant & almo/ asphyxiat+ my?ology4 ,nev]!less x is possible to h m sympa?y ) ?is popul> fruitfulness 9 folk-lore ?an ) "s ( ! high] pessimism t might h )]$ x4 ,x mu/ always be rememb]$1 h[ev]1 :5 all fair all[ances are made1 t a great deal ( spontane\s ea/]n imag]y really is idolatry2 ! local & lit]al wor%ip ( an idol4 ,?is is probably n true ( ! anci5t ,brahm9ical sy/em1 at lea/ z se5 by ,brahm9s4 ,b t phrase alone w rem9d u ( a reality ( mu* great] mom5t4 ,?is great reality is ! ,ca/e ,sy/em ( anci5t ,india4 ,x may h _h "s ( ! practical advantages ( ! ,guild ,sy/em ( ,m$ieval ,europe4 ,b x contra/s n only ) t ,*ri/ian democracy1 b ) e extreme type ( ,*ri/ian ari/ocracy1 9 ! fact t x does really conceive ! social sup]iority z a spiritual sup]iority4 ,?is n only divides x fundam5tally f ! frat]nity ( ,*ri/5dom1 b leaves x /&+ l a mighty & t]rac$ m\nta9 ( pride betwe5 ! relatively egalit>ian levels bo? ( ,islam & ( ,*9a4 ,b ! fixity ( ?is =mation ?r\gh ?\s&s ( ye>s is ano!r illu/ration ( t _s ( repetition t has m>k$ "t f "t immemorial4 ,n[ we may also presume ! preval5ce ( ano!r idea :i* we associate ) ! ,buddhi/s z int]pret$ by ! ,!osophi/s4 ,z a fact1 "s ( ! /ricte/ ,buddhi/s repudiate ! idea & /ill m scornfully repudiate ! ,!osophi/s4 ,b :e!r ! idea is 9 ,buddhism1 or only 9 ! bir?place ( ,buddhism1 or only 9 a tradition or a trave/y ( ,buddhism1 x is an idea entirely prop] to ?is pr9ciple ( recurr5ce4 ,i mean ( c\rse ! idea ( ,re9c>nation4 ,b ,re9c>nation is n really a my/ical idea4 ,x is n really a transc5d5tal idea1 or 9 t s5se a religi\s idea4 ,my/icism conceives some?+ transc5d+ exp]i5ce2 religion seeks glimpses ( a bett] good or a worse evil ?an exp]i5ce c give4 ,re9c>nation ne$ only ext5d exp]i5ces 9 ! s5se ( repeat+ !m4 ,x is no m transc5d5tal = a man to rememb] :at he did 9 ,babylon be=e he 0 born ?an to rememb] :at he did 9 ,brixton be=e he _h a knock on ! head4 ,8 successive lives ne$ n be any m ?an human lives1 "u :atev] limitations burd5 human life4 ,x has no?+ to d ) see+ ,god or ev5 conjur+ up ! devil4 ,9 o!r words1 re9c>nation z su* does n necess>ily escape f ! :eel ( de/9y2 9 "s s5se x is ! :eel ( de/9y4 ,& :e!r x 0 some?+ t ,buddha f\nd$1 or some?+ t ,buddha f\nd1 or some?+ t ,buddha entirely r5\nc$ :5 he f\nd1 x is c]ta9ly some?+ hav+ ! g5]al "* ( t ,asiatic atmosph]e 9 :i* he _h to play 8 "p4 ,& ! "p he play$ 0 t ( an intellectual philosoph]1 ) a p>ticul> !ory ab\t ! "r intellectual attitude t[>ds x4 ,i c und]/& t ,buddhi/s might res5t ! view t ,buddhism is m]ely a philosophy1 if we und]/& by a philosophy m]ely an intellectual game su* z ,greek sophi/s play$1 toss+ up worlds & cat*+ !m l balls4 ,p]haps a m exact /atem5t w\ld be t ,buddha 0 a man :o made a metaphysical discipl9e2 :i* might ev5 be call$ a psy*ological discipl9e4 ,he propos$ a way ( escap+ f all ?is recurr5t sorr[2 & t 0 simply by gett+ rid ( ! delusion t is call$ desire4 ,x 0 emphatically n t we %\ld get :at we want bett] by re/ra9+ our impati5ce = "p ( x1 or t we %\ld get x 9 a bett] way or 9 a bett] _w4 ,x 0 emphatically t we %\ld leave (f want+ x4 ,if once a man realis$ t !re is really no reality1 t ev]y?+1 includ+ 8 s\l1 is 9 dissolution at e in/ant1 he w\ld anticipate disappo9tm5t & be intangible to *ange1 exi/+ 79 s f> z he c\ld be said to exi/7 9 a sort ( ec/asy ( indiff]5ce4 ,! ,buddhi/s call ?is beatitude1 & we w n /op our /ory to argue ! po9t2 c]ta9ly to u x is indi/+ui%able f despair4 ,i d n see1 = in/ance1 :y ! disappo9tm5t ( desire %\ld n apply z mu* to ! mo/ b5evol5t desires z to ! mo/ selfi% ones4 ,inde$ ! ,"l ( ,compassion seems to pity p = liv+ r ?an = dy+4 ,= ! re/1 an intellig5t ,buddhi/ wrote1 #8,! explanation ( popul> ,*9ese & ,japanese ,buddhism is t x is n ,buddhism4' ,t has d\btless ceas$ to be a m]e philosophy1 b only by becom+ a m]e my?ology4 ,"o ?+ is c]ta93 x has nev] become any?+ remotely resembl+ :at we call a ,*ur*4 ,x w appe> only a je/ to say t all religi\s hi/ory has really be5 a patt]n ( n\ghts & crosses4 ,b ,i d n by n\ghts mean no?+s1 b only ?+s t are negative comp>$ ) ! positive %ape or patt]n ( ! o!r4 ,& ?\gh ! symbol is ( c\rse only a co9cid5ce1 x is a co9cid5ce t really does co9cide4 ,! m9d ( ,asia c really be repres5t$ by a r\nd ,o1 if n 9 ! s5se ( a cyph] at lea/ ( a circle4 ,! great ,asiatic symbol ( a s]p5t ) its tail 9 its m\? is really a v p]fect image ( a c]ta9 idea ( unity & recurr5ce t does inde$ belong to ! ,ea/]n philosophies & religions4 ,x really is a curve t 9 "o s5se includes ev]y?+1 & 9 ano!r s5se comes to no?+4 ,9 t s5se x does confess1 or r boa/1 t all argum5t is an argum5t 9 a circle4 ,& ?\gh ! figure is b a symbol1 we c see h[ s\nd is ! symbolic s5se t produces x1 ! p>allel symbol ( ! ,:eel ( ,buddha g5]ally call$ ! ,swa/ika4 ,! cross is a ?+ at "r angles po9t+ boldly 9 opposite directions2 b ! ,swa/ika is ! same ?+ 9 ! v act ( return+ to ! recurr5t curve4 ,t crook$ cross is 9 fact a cross turn+ into a :eel4 ,be=e we dismiss ev5 ^! symbols z if !y 7 arbitr>y symbols1 we mu/ rememb] h[ int5se 0 ! imag9ative in/9ct t produc$ !m or select$ !m bo? 9 ! ,ea/ & ! ,we/4 ,! cross has become some?+ m ?an a hi/orical memory2 x does convey1 almo/ z by a ma!matical diagram1 ! tru? ab\t ! real po9t at issue2 ! idea ( a conflict /ret*+ outw>ds into et]nity4 ,x is true1 & ev5 tautological1 to say t ! cross is ! crux ( ! :ole matt]4 ,9 o!r words1 ! cross1 9 fact z well z figure1 does really /& = ! idea ( break+ out ( ! circle t is ev]y?+ & no?+4 ,x does escape f ! circul> argum5t by :i* ev]y?+ beg9s & ends 9 ! m9d4 ,s9ce we are /ill deal+ 9 symbols1 x might be put 9 a p>able 9 ! =m ( t /ory ab\t ,/4 ,francis1 :i* says t ! birds dep>t+ ) 8 b5$iction c\ld w+ _! way into ! inf9ities ( ! f\r w9ds ( heav51 _! tracks mak+ a va/ cross ^u ! sky2 = comp>$ ) ! fre$om ( t flight ( birds1 ! v %ape ( ! ,swa/ika is l a kitt5 *as+ its tail4 ,9 a m popul> allegory1 we might say t :5 ,/4 ,george ?ru/ 8 spe> into ! mon/]'s jaws1 he broke 9 ^u ! solitude ( ! self-dev\r+ s]p5t & gave x some?+ to bite besides its own tail4 ,b :ile _m fancies might be us$ z figures ( ! tru?1 ! tru? itself is ab/ract & absolute2 ?\gh x is n v easy to sum up except by su* figures4 ,*ri/ianity does appeal to a solid tru? outside itself2 to some?+ :i* is 9 t s5se ext]nal z well z et]nal4 ,x does decl>e t ?+s are really !re2 or 9 o!r words t ?+s are really ?+s4 ,9 ?is ,*ri/ianity is at "o ) common s5se2 b all religi\s hi/ory %[s t ?is common s5se p]i%es except :]e !re is ,*ri/ianity to pres]ve x4 ,x _c o!rwise exi/1 or at lea/ endure1 because m]e ?\ght does n rema9 sane4 ,9 a s5se x becomes too simple to be sane4 ,! temptation ( ! philosoph]s is simplicity r ?an subtlety4 ,!y are always attract$ by insane simplifications1 z m5 pois$ above abysses are fasc9at$ by dea? & no?+ness & ! empty air4 ,x ne$$ ano!r k9d ( philosoph] to /& pois$ ^u ! p9nacle ( ! ,temple & keep 8 balance )\t ca/+ himself d[n4 ,"o ( ^! obvi\s1 ^! too obvi\s explanations is t ev]y?+ is a dream & a delusion & !re is no?+ outside ! ego4 ,ano!r is t all ?+s recur2 ano!r1 :i* is said to be ,buddhi/ & is c]ta9ly ,ori5tal1 is ! idea t :at is ! matt] ) u is our creation1 9 ! s5se ( our col\r$ diff]5tiation & p]sonality1 & t no?+ w be well till we are aga9 melt$ into "o unity4 ,by ?is !ory1 9 %ort1 ! ,creation 0 ! ,fall4 ,x is important hi/orically because x 0 /or$ up 9 ! d>k he>t ( ,asia & w5t =? at v>i\s times 9 v>i\s =ms ov] ! dim bord]s ( ,europe4 ,"h we c place ! my/]i\s figure ( ,manes or ,mani*aeus1 ! my/ic ( inv]sion1 :om we %\ld call a pessimi/1 p>5t ( _m sects & h]esies2 "h1 9 a high] place1 ! figure ( ,zoroa/]4 ,he has be5 popul>ly id5tifi$ ) ano!r ( ^! too simple explanations3 ! equality ( evil & good1 balanc$ & battl+ 9 e atom4 ,he also is ( ! s*ool ( sages t may be call$ my/ics2 & f ! same my/]i\s ,p]sian g>d5 came ^u pond]\s w+s ,mi?ras1 ! unkn[n god1 to tr\ble ! la/ twilight ( ,rome4 ,t circle or disc ( ! sun set up 9 ! morn+ ( ! _w by ! remote ,egyptian has be5 a mirror & a model = all ! philosoph]s4 ,!y h made _m ?+s out ( x1 & sometimes gone mad ab\t x1 especially :5 z 9 ^! ea/]n sages ! circle became a :eel go+ r\nd & r\nd 9 _! heads4 ,b ! po9t ab\t !m is t !y all ?9k t exi/5ce c be repres5t$ by a diagram in/ead ( a draw+2 & ! rude draw+s ( ! *ildi% my?-mak]s are a sort ( crude & spirit$ prote/ aga9/ t view4 ,!y _c believe t religion is really n a patt]n b a picture4 ,/ill less c !y believe t x is a picture ( some?+ t really exi/s outside our m9ds4 ,sometimes ! philosoph] pa9ts ! disc all black & calls himself a pessimi/2 sometimes he pa9ts x all :ite & calls himself an optimi/2 sometimes he divides x exactly into halves ( black & :ite & calls himself a duali/1 l ^? ,p]sian my/ics to :om ,i wi% !re 7 space to d ju/ice4 ,none ( !m c\ld und]/& a ?+ t began to draw ! proportions j z if !y 7 real proportions1 dispos$ 9 ! liv+ fa%ion :i* ! ma!matical draughtsman w\ld call disproportionate4 ,l ! fir/ arti/ 9 ! cave1 x reveal$ to incr$ul\s eyes ! sugge/ion ( a new purpose 9 :at look$ l a wildly crook$ patt]n2 he seem$ only to be di/ort+ 8 diagram1 :5 he began = ! fir/ "t 9 all ! ages to trace ! l9es ( a =m--& ( a ,face4 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,! ,,w> ,,( ,,! ,,gods ,,& ,,demons ,! mat]iali/ !ory ( hi/ory1 t all politics & e?ics are ! expression ( economics1 is a v simple fallacy inde$4 ,x consi/s simply ( confus+ ! necess>y conditions ( life ) ! normal preoccupations ( life1 t are q a diff]5t ?+4 ,x is l say+ t because a man c only walk ab\t on two legs1 !re=e he nev] walks ab\t except to buy %oes & /ock+s4 ,man _c live )\t ! two props ( food & dr9k1 :i* support him l two legs2 b to sugge/ t !y h be5 ! motives ( all 8 movem5ts 9 hi/ory is l say+ t ! goal ( all 8 milit>y m>*es or religi\s pilgrimages mu/ h be5 ! ,gold5 ,leg ( ,miss ,kilmansegg or ! ideal & p]fect leg ( ,sir ,will\ghby ,patt]ne4 ,b x is su* movem5ts t make up ! /ory ( mank9d1 & )\t !m !re w\ld practically be no /ory at all4 ,c[s may be purely economic1 9 ! s5se t we _c see t !y d mu* beyond graz+ & seek+ bett] graz+-gr\nds2 & t is :y a hi/ory ( c[s 9 twelve volumes w\ld n be v lively read+4 ,%eep & goats may be pure economi/s 9 _! ext]nal action at lea/2 b t is :y ! %eep has h>dly be5 a h]o ( epic w>s & empires ?\ght wor?y ( detail$ n>ration2 & ev5 ! m active quadrup$ has n inspir$ a book = boys call$ ,gold5 ,de$s ( ,gallant ,goats or any simil> title4 ,b s f> f ! movem5ts t make up ! /ory ( man be+ economic1 we may say t ! /ory only beg9s :]e ! motive ( ! c[s & %eep leaves (f4 ,x w be h>d to ma9ta9 t ! ,crusad]s w5t f _! homes into a h[l+ wild]ness because c[s g f a wild]ness to a m com=table graz+-gr\nd4 ,x w be h>d to ma9ta9 t ! ,arctic explor]s w5t nor? ) ! same mat]ial motive t made ! swall[s g s\?4 ,& if y leave ?+s l all ! religi\s w>s & all ! m]ely adv5tur\s explorations out ( ! human /ory1 x w n only cease to be human at all b cease to be a /ory at all4 ,! outl9e ( hi/ory is made ( ^! decisive curves & angles det]m9$ by ! w ( man4 ,economic hi/ory w\ld n ev5 be hi/ory4 ,b !re is a deep] fallacy besides ?is obvi\s fact2 t m5 ne$ n live = food m]ely because !y _c live )\t food4 ,! tru? is t ! ?+ mo/ pres5t to ! m9d ( man is n ! economic ma*9]y necess>y to 8 exi/5ce1 b r t exi/5ce itself2 ! _w :i* he sees :5 he wakes e morn+ & ! nature ( 8 g5]al position 9 x4 ,!re is some?+ t is ne>] to him ?an livelihood1 & t is life4 ,= once t he rememb]s exactly :at "w produces 8 wages & exactly :at wages produce 8 meals1 he reflects t5 times t x is a f9e day or x is a que] _w1 or wond]s :e!r life is wor? liv+1 or wond]s :e!r m>riage is a failure1 or is pleas$ & puzzl$ ) 8 own *ildr51 or rememb]s 8 own y\?1 or 9 any su* fa%ion vaguely reviews ! my/]i\s lot ( man4 ,?is is true ( ! majority ev5 ( ! wage-slaves ( our morbid mod]n indu/rialism1 :i* by its hide\sness & inhumanity has really =c$ ! economic issue to ! front4 ,x is immeasurably m true ( ! multitude ( peasants or hunt]s or fi%]s :o make up ! real mass ( mank9d4 ,ev5 ^? dry p$ants :o ?9k t e?ics dep5d on economics mu/ admit t economics dep5d on exi/5ce4 ,& any numb] ( normal d\bts & day-dreams are ab\t exi/5ce2 n ab\t h[ we c live1 b ab\t :y we d4 ,& ! pro( ( x is simple2 z simple z suicide4 ,turn ! univ]se upside d[n 9 ! m9d & y turn all ! political economi/s upside d[n ) x4 ,suppose t a man wi%es to die1 & ! pr(essor ( political economy becomes r a bore ) 8 elaborate explanations ( h[ he is to live4 ,& all ! dep>tures & decisions t make our human pa/ into a /ory h ?is "* ( div]t+ ! direct c\rse ( pure economics4 ,z ! economi/ may be excus$ f calculat+ ! future sal>y ( a suicide1 s he may be excus$ f provid+ an old-age p5sion = a m>tyr4 ,z he ne$ n provide = ! future ( a m>tyr1 s he ne$ n provide = ! family ( a monk4 ,8 plan is modifi$ 9 less] & v>y+ degrees by a man be+ a soldi] & dy+ = 8 own c\ntry1 by a man be+ a peasant & specially lov+ 8 own l&1 by a man be+ m or less affect$ by any religion t =bids or all[s him to d ?is or t4 ,b all ^! come back n to an economic calculation ab\t livelihood b to an elem5tal outlook ^u life4 ,!y all come back to :at a man fundam5tally feels1 :5 he looks =? f ^? /range w9d[s :i* we call ! eyes1 ^u t /range vision t we call ! _w4 ,no wise man w wi% to br+ m long words into ! _w4 ,b x may be all[able to say t we ne$ a new ?+2 :i* may be call$ psy*ological hi/ory4 ,i mean ! consid]ation ( :at ?+s meant 9 ! m9d ( a man1 especially an ord9>y man2 z di/9ct f :at is def9$ or d$uc$ m]ely f (ficial =ms or political pron\ncem5ts4 ,i h already t\*$ on x 9 su* a case z ! totem or inde$ any o!r popul> my?4 ,x is n en\gh to be told t a tom-cat 0 call$ a totem2 especially :5 x 0 n call$ a totem4 ,we want to "k :at x felt l4 ,0 x l ,:itt+ton's cat or l a wit*'s cat8 ,0 its real "n ,pa%t or ,puss-,9-,boots8 ,t is ! sort ( ?+ we ne$ t\*+ ! nature ( political & social relations4 ,we want to "k ! real s5tim5t t 0 ! social bond ( _m common m51 z sane & z selfi% z we are4 ,:at did soldi]s feel :5 !y saw spl5did 9 ! sky t /range totem t we call ! ,gold5 ,eagle ( ! ,legions8 ,:at did vassals feel ab\t ^? o!r totems1 ! lions or ! leop>ds ^u ! %ield ( _! "l8 ,s long z we neglect ?is subjective side ( hi/ory1 :i* may m simply be call$ ! inside ( hi/ory1 !re w always be a c]ta9 limitation on t sci5ce :i* c be bett] transc5d$ by art4 ,s long z ! hi/orian _c d t1 fiction w be tru] ?an fact4 ,!re w be m reality 9 a novel2 yes1 ev5 9 a hi/orical novel4 ,9 no?+ is ?is new hi/ory ne$$ s mu* z 9 ! psy*ology ( w>4 ,our hi/ory is /iff ) (ficial docum5ts1 public or private1 :i* tell u no?+ ( ! ?+ itself4 ,at ! wor/ we only h ! (ficial po/]s1 :i* c\ld n h be5 spontane\s precisely because !y 7 (ficial4 ,at ! be/ we h only ! secret diplomacy1 :i* c\ld n h be5 popul> precisely because x 0 secret4 ,^u "o or o!r ( ^! is bas$ ! hi/orical judgm5t ab\t ! real reasons t su/a9$ ! /ruggle4 ,gov]nm5ts fight = colonies or comm]cial rights2 gov]nm5ts fight ab\t h>b\rs or high t>iffs2 gov]nm5ts fight = a gold m9e or a pe>l fi%]y4 ,x seems suffici5t to answ] t gov]nm5ts d n fight at all4 ,:y d ! fight]s fight8 ,:at is ! psy*ology t su/a9s ! t]rible & wond]ful ?+ call$ a w>8 ,nobody :o kn[s any?+ ( soldi]s believes ! silly notion ( ! dons1 t millions ( m5 c be rul$ by =ce4 ,if !y 7 all to slack1 x w\ld be impossible to puni% all ! slack]s4 ,& ! lea/ little t\* ( slack+ w\ld lose a :ole campaign 9 half a day4 ,:at did m5 really feel ab\t ! policy8 ,if x be said t !y accept$ ! policy f ! politician1 :at did !y feel ab\t ! politician8 ,if ! vassals w>r$ bl9dly = _! pr9ce1 :at did ^? bl9d m5 see 9 _! pr9ce8 ,!re is some?+ we all "k :i* c only be r5d]$1 9 an appropriate language1 z realpolitik4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 x is an almo/ insanely unreal politik4 ,x is always /ubbornly & /upidly repeat+ t m5 fight = mat]ial ends1 )\t reflect+ = a mom5t t ! mat]ial ends are h>dly ev] mat]ial to ! m5 :o fight4 ,9 any case1 no man w die = practical politics1 j z no man w die = pay4 ,n]o c\ld n hire a hundr$ ,*ri/ians to be eat5 by lions at a %ill+ an h\r2 = m5 w n be m>tyr$ = money4 ,b ! vision call$ up by real politik1 or reali/ic politics1 is beyond example crazy & incr$ible4 ,does anybody 9 ! _w believe t a soldi] says1 #8,my leg is ne>ly dropp+ (f1 b ,i %all g on till x drops2 = aft] all ,i %all enjoy all ! advantages ( my gov]nm5t obta9+ a w>m-wat] port 9 ! ,gulf ( ,f9l&4' ,c anybody suppose t a cl]k turn$ conscript says1 #8,if ,i am gass$ ,i %all probably die 9 torm5ts2 b x is a com=t to reflect t %\ld ,i ev] decide to become a pe>l-div] 9 ! ,s\? ,seas1 t c>e] is n[ op5 to me & my c\ntrym54' ,mat]iali/ hi/ory is ! mo/ madly incr$ible ( all hi/ories1 or ev5 ( all romances4 ,:atev] />ts w>s1 ! ?+ t su/a9s w>s is some?+ 9 ! s\l2 t is some?+ ak9 to religion4 ,x is :at m5 feel ab\t life & ab\t dea?4 ,a man ne> to dea? is deal+ directly ) an absolute2 x is nons5se to say he is conc]n$ only ) relative & remote complications t dea? 9 any case w end4 ,if he is su/a9$ by c]ta9 loyalties1 !y mu/ be loyalties z simple z dea?4 ,!y are g5]ally two ideas1 :i* are only two sides ( "o idea4 ,! fir/ is ! love ( some?+ said to be ?reat5$1 if x be only vaguely kn[n z home2 ! second is dislike & defiance ( "s /range ?+ t ?reat5s x4 ,! fir/ is f> m philosophical ?an x s\nds1 ?\gh we ne$ n discuss x "h4 ,a man does n want 8 national home de/roy$ or ev5 *ang$1 because he _c ev5 rememb] all ! good ?+s t g ) x2 j z he does n want 8 h\se burnt d[n1 because he c h>dly c\nt all ! ?+s he w\ld miss4 ,!re=e he fights = :at s\nds l a hazy ab/raction1 b is really a h\se4 ,b ! negative side ( x is q z noble z well z q z /rong4 ,m5 fight h>de/ :5 !y feel t ! foe is at once an old enemy & an et]nal /rang]1 t 8 atmosph]e is ali5 & antagoni/ic2 z ! ,fr5* feel ab\t ! ,prussian or ! ,ea/]n ,*ri/ians ab\t ! ,turk4 ,if we say x is a diff]5ce ( religion1 p w drift into dre>y bick]+s ab\t sects & dogmas4 ,we w pity !m & say x is a diff]5ce ab\t dea? & daylight2 a diff]5ce t does really come l a d>k %ad[ betwe5 our eyes & ! day4 ,m5 c ?9k ( ?is diff]5ce ev5 at ! po9t ( dea?2 = x is a diff]5ce ab\t ! mean+ ( life4 ,m5 are mov$ 9 ^! ?+s by some?+ f> high] & holi] ?an policy3 by hatr$4 ,:5 m5 hung on 9 ! d>ke/ days ( ! ,great ,w>1 suff]+ ei!r 9 _! bodies or 9 _! s\ls = ^? !y lov$1 !y 7 long pa/ c>+ ab\t details ( diplomatic objects z motives = _! refusal to surr5d]4 ,( myself & ^? ,i knew be/ ,i c answ] = ! vision t made surr5d] impossible4 ,x 0 ! vision ( ! ,g]man ,emp]or's face z he rode into ,p>is4 ,?is is n ! s5tim5t :i* "s ( my ideali/ic fri5ds describe z ,love4 ,i am q cont5t to call x hatr$2 ! hatr$ ( hell & all its works1 & to agree t z !y d n believe 9 hell !y ne$ n believe 9 hatr$4 ,b 9 ! face ( ?is preval5t prejudice1 ?is long introduction has be5 un=tunately necess>y1 to ensure an und]/&+ ( :at is meant by a religi\s w>4 ,!re is a religi\s w> :5 two worlds meet2 t is1 :5 two visions ( ! _w meet2 or 9 m mod]n language1 :5 two moral atmosph]es meet4 ,:at is ! "o man's brea? is ! o!r man's poison2 & x is va9 to talk ( giv+ a pe/il5ce a place 9 ! sun4 ,& ?is is :at we mu/ und]/&1 ev5 at ! exp5se ( digression1 if we w\ld see :at really happ5$ 9 ! ,m$it]ranean2 :5 "r a?w>t ! ris+ ( ! ,republic on ! ,tib]1 a ?+ ov]topp+ & disda9+ x1 d>k ) all ! riddles ( ,asia & trail+ all ! tribes & dep5d5cies ( imp]ialism1 came ,c>?age rid+ on ! sea4 ,! anci5t religion ( ,italy 0 on ! :ole t mixture :i* we h consid]$ "u ! head ( my?ology2 save t :]e ! ,greeks _h a natural turn = ! my?ology1 ! ,lat9s seem to h _h a real turn = religion4 ,bo? multipli$ gods1 yet !y sometimes seem to h multipli$ !m = almo/ opposite reasons4 ,x w\ld seem sometimes z if ! ,greek poly!ism bran*$ & blossom$ upw>ds l ! b\ghs ( a tree1 :ile ! ,italian poly!ism ramifi$ d[nw>d l ! roots4 ,p]haps x w\ld be tru] to say t ! =m] bran*es lift$ !mselves lightly1 be>+ fl[]s2 :ile ! latt] hung d[n1 be+ heavy ) fruit4 ,i mean t ! ,lat9s seem to multiply gods to br+ !m ne>] to m51 :ile ! ,greek gods rose & radiat$ outw>ds into ! morn+ sky4 ,:at /rikes u 9 ! ,italian cults is _! local & especially _! dome/ic "*4 ,we ga9 ! impression ( div9ities sw>m+ ab\t ! h\se l flies2 ( deities clu/]+ & cl++ l bats ab\t ! pill>s or build+ l birds "u ! eaves4 ,we h a vision ( a god ( ro(s & a god ( gatepo/s1 ( a god ( doors & ev5 a god ( dra9s4 ,x has be5 sugge/$ t all my?ology 0 a sort ( fairy-tale2 b ?is 0 a p>ticul> sort ( fairy-tale :i* may truly be call$ a fireside tale1 or a nurs]y-tale2 because x 0 a tale ( ! int]ior ( ! home2 l ^? :i* make *airs & tables talk l elves4 ,! old h\sehold gods ( ! ,italian peasants seem to h be5 great1 clumsy1 wood5 images1 m featureless ?an ! figure-head :i* ,quilp batt]$ ) ! pok]4 ,?is religion ( ! home 0 v homely4 ,( c\rse !re 7 o!r less human elem5ts 9 ! tangle ( ,italian my?ology4 ,!re 7 ,greek deities sup]impos$ on ! ,roman2 !re 7 "h & !re ugli] ?+s und]nea?1 exp]im5ts 9 ! cruel k9d ( paganism1 l ! ,arician rite ( ! prie/ slay+ ! slay]4 ,b ^! ?+s 7 always pot5tial 9 paganism2 !y are c]ta9ly n ! peculi> "* ( ,lat9 paganism4 ,! peculi>ity ( t may be r\ghly cov]$ by say+ t if my?ology p]sonifi$ ! =ces ( nature1 ?is my?ology p]sonifi$ nature z trans=m$ by ! =ces ( man4 ,x 0 ! god ( ! corn & n ( ! grass1 ( ! cattle & n ! wild ?+s ( ! =e/2 9 %ort1 ! cult 0 lit]ally a culture2 z :5 we speak ( x z agriculture4 ,) ?is !re 0 a p>adox :i* is /ill = _m ! puzzle or riddle ( ! ,lat9s4 ,) religion runn+ ?r\gh e dome/ic detail l a climb+ plant1 !re w5t :at seems to _m ! v opposite _s3 ! _s ( revolt4 ,imp]iali/s & reaction>ies (t5 invoke ,rome z ! v model ( ord] & ob$i5ce2 b ,rome 0 ! v rev]se4 ,! real hi/ory ( anci5t ,rome is mu* m l ! hi/ory ( mod]n ,p>is4 ,x might be call$ 9 mod]n language a city built out ( b>ricades4 ,x is said t ! gate ( ,janus 0 nev] clos$ because !re 0 an et]nal w> )\t2 x is almo/ z true t !re 0 an et]nal revolution )94 ,f ! fir/ ,plebeian riots to ! la/ ,s]vile ,w>s1 ! /ate t impos$ peace on ! _w 0 nev] really at peace4 ,! rul]s 7 !mselves rebels4 ,!re is a real relation betwe5 ?is religion 9 private & ?is revolution 9 public life4 ,/ories none ! less h]oic = be+ hackney$ rem9d u t ! ,republic 0 f\nd$ on a tyrannicide t av5g$ an insult to a wife2 t ! ,tribunes ( ! p 7 re-e/abli%$ aft] ano!r :i* av5g$ an insult to a daught]4 ,! tru? is t only m5 to :om ! family is sacr$ w ev] h a /&>d or a /atus by :i* to criticise ! /ate4 ,!y alone c appeal to some?+ m holy ?an ! gods ( ! city2 ! gods ( ! he>?4 ,t is :y m5 are my/ifi$ 9 see+ t ! same nations t are ?\ght rigid 9 dome/icity are also ?\ght re/less 9 politics2 = in/ance1 ! ,iri% & ! ,fr5*4 ,x is wor? :ile to dwell on ?is dome/ic po9t because x is an exact example ( :at is meant "h by ! inside ( hi/ory1 l ! inside ( h\ses4 ,m]ely political hi/ories ( ,rome may be "r en\gh 9 say+ t ?is or t 0 a cynical or cruel act ( ! ,roman politicians2 b ! _s t lift$ ,rome f b5ea? 0 ! _s ( all ! ,romans2 & x is n a cant to call x ! ideal ( ,c9c9natus pass+ f ! s5ate to ! pl\gh4 ,m5 ( t sort _h /r5g!n$ _! village on e side1 _h ext5d$ its victories already ov] ,italians & ev5 ov] ,greeks1 :5 !y f\nd !mselves confront$ ) a w> t *ang$ ! _w4 ,i h call$ x "h ! w> ( ! gods & demons4 ,!re 0 e/abli%$ on ! opposite coa/ ( ! inl& sea a city t bore ! "n ( ! ,new ,t[n4 ,x 0 already mu* old]1 m p[]ful1 & m prosp]\s ?an ! ,italian t[n2 b !re /ill rema9$ ab\t x an atmosph]e t made ! "n n inappropriate4 ,x _h be5 call$ new because x 0 a colony l ,new ,york or ,new ,zeal&4 ,x 0 an outpo/ or settlem5t ( ! en]gy & expansion ( ! great comm]cial cities ( ,tyre & ,sidon4 ,!re 0 a note ( ! new c\ntries & colonies ab\t x2 a confid5t & comm]cial outlook4 ,x 0 fond ( say+ ?+s t rang ) a c]ta9 metallic assurance2 z t nobody c\ld wa% 8 h&s 9 ! sea )\t ! leave ( ! ,new ,t[n4 ,= x dep5d$ almo/ entirely on ! greatness ( its %ips1 z did ! two great ports & m>kets f :i* its p came4 ,x br\ght f ,tyre & ,sidon a prodigi\s tal5t = trade & consid]able exp]i5ce ( travel4 ,x br\ght o!r ?+s z well4 ,9 a previ\s *apt] ,i h h9t$ at some?+ ( ! psy*ology t lies beh9d a c]ta9 type ( religion4 ,!re 0 a t5d5cy 9 ^? hungry = practical results1 ap>t f poetical results1 to call ^u spirits ( t]ror & compulsion2 to move ,a*]on 9 despair ( b5d+ ! gods4 ,!re is always a sort ( dim idea t ^! d>k] p[]s w really d ?+s1 ) no nons5se ab\t x4 ,9 ! int]ior psy*ology ( ! ,punic peoples ?is /range sort ( pessimi/ic practicality _h gr[n to great proportions4 ,9 ! ,new ,t[n1 :i* ! ,romans call$ ,c>?age1 z 9 ! p>5t cities ( ,pho5icia1 ! god :o got ?+s done bore ! "n ( ,molo*1 :o 0 p]haps id5tical ) ! o!r deity :om we "k z ,baal1 ! ,"l4 ,! ,romans did n at fir/ q "k :at to call him or :at to make ( him2 !y _h to g back to ! grosse/ my? ( ,greek or ,roman orig9s & comp>e him to ,saturn dev\r+ 8 *ildr54 ,b ! wor%ipp]s ( ,molo* 7 n gross or primitive4 ,!y 7 memb]s ( a mature & poli%$ civilisation1 ab\nd+ 9 ref9em5ts & luxuries2 !y 7 probably f> m civilis$ ?an ! ,romans4 ,& ,molo* 0 n a my?2 or at any rate 8 meal 0 n a my?4 ,^! highly civilis$ p really met toge!r to invoke ! bless+ ( heav5 on _! empire by ?r[+ hundr$s ( _! infants into a l>ge furnace4 ,we c only realise ! comb9ation by imag9+ a numb] ( ,man*e/] m]*ants ) *imney-pot hats & mutton-*op :isk]s1 go+ to *ur* e ,sunday at elev5 o'clock to see a baby roa/$4 ,! fir/ /ages ( ! political or comm]cial qu>rel c be foll[$ 9 f> too mu* detail1 precisely because x is m]ely political or comm]cial4 ,! ,punic ,w>s look$ at "o "t z if !y w\ld nev] end2 & x is n easy to say :5 !y ev] began4 ,! ,greeks & ! ,sicilians _h already be5 fight+ vaguely on ! ,european side aga9/ ! ,african city4 ,c>?age _h defeat$ ,greece & conqu]$ ,sicily4 ,c>?age _h also plant$ h]self firmly 9 ,spa92 & betwe5 ,spa9 & ,sicily ! ,lat9 city 0 conta9$ & w\ld h be5 cru%$2 if ! ,romans _h be5 ( ! sort to be easily cru%$4 ,yet ! int]e/ ( ! /ory really consi/s 9 ! fact t ,rome 0 cru%$4 ,if !re _h n be5 c]ta9 moral elem5ts z well z ! mat]ial elem5ts1 ! /ory w\ld h end$ :]e ,c>?age c]ta9ly ?\ght x _h end$4 ,x is common en\gh to blame ,rome = n mak+ peace4 ,b x 0 a true popul> in/9ct t !re c\ld be no peace ) t sort ( p4 ,x is common en\gh to blame ! ,roman = 8 ,del5da e/ ,c>?ago2 ,c>?age mu/ be de/roy$4 ,x is common] to =get t1 to all appe>ance1 ,rome itself 0 de/roy$4 ,! sacr$ sav\r t hung r\nd ,rome = ev]1 x is too (t5 =gott51 clung to h] p>tly because %e _h ris5 sudd5ly f ! dead4 ,c>?age 0 an ari/ocracy1 z are mo/ ( su* m]cantile /ates4 ,! pressure ( ! ri* on ! poor 0 imp]sonal z well z irresi/ible4 ,= su* ari/ocracies nev] p]mit p]sonal gov]nm5t1 :i* is p]haps :y ?is "o 0 jeal\s ( p]sonal tal5t4 ,b g5ius c turn up any:]e1 ev5 9 a gov]n+ class4 ,z if to make ! _w's supreme te/ z t]rible z possible1 x 0 orda9$ t "o ( ! great h\ses ( ,c>?age %\ld produce a man :o came out ( ^? gild$ palaces ) all ! en]gy & orig9ality ( ,napoleon com+ f n[h]e4 ,at ! wor/ crisis ( ! w>1 ,rome le>n$ t ,italy itself1 by a milit>y miracle1 0 invad$ f ! nor?4 ,hannibal1 ! ,grace ( ,baal z 8 "n ran 9 8 own tongue1 _h dragg$ a pond]\s *a9 ( armam5ts ov] ! />ry solitudes ( ! ,alps2 & po9t$ s\?w>d to ! city :i* he _h be5 pl$g$ by all 8 dreadful gods to de/roy4 ,hannibal m>*$ d[n ! road to ,rome1 & ! ,romans :o ru%$ to w> ) him felt z if !y 7 fight+ ) a magician4 ,two great armies sank to "r & left ( him into ! swamps ( ! ,trebia2 m & m 7 suck$ into ! horrible :irlpool ( ,cannae2 m & m w5t =? only to fall 9 ru9 at 8 t\*4 ,! supreme sign ( all disa/]s1 :i* is treason1 turn$ tribe aft] tribe aga9/ ! fall+ cause ( ,rome1 & /ill ! unconqu]able enemy roll$ ne>] & ne>] to ! city2 & foll[+ _! great lead] ! swell+ cosmopolitan army ( ,c>?age pass$ l a pageant ( ! :ole _w2 ! elephants %ak+ ! e>? l m>*+ m\nta9s & ! gigantic ,gauls ) _! b>b>ic panoply & ! d>k ,spani>ds girt 9 gold & ! br[n ,numidians on _! unbridl$ des]t horses :eel+ & d>t+ l hawks1 & :ole mobs ( des]t]s & m]c5>ies & miscellane\s peoples2 & ! ,grace ( ,baal w5t be=e !m4 ,! ,roman augurs & scribes :o said 9 t h\r t x br\ght =? une>?ly prodigies1 t a *ild 0 born ) ! head ( an elephant or t />s fell d[n l hail/ones1 _h a f> m philosophical grasp ( :at _h really happ5$ ?an ! mod]n hi/orian :o c see no?+ 9 x b a success ( /rategy conclud+ a rivalry 9 comm]ce4 ,some?+ f> diff]5t 0 felt at ! "t & on ! spot1 z x is always felt by ^? :o exp]i5ce a =eign atmosph]e ent]+ _! own l a fog or a f\l sav\r4 ,x 0 no m]e milit>y defeat1 x 0 c]ta9ly no m]e m]cantile rivalry1 t fill$ ! ,roman imag9ation ) su* hide\s om5s ( nature h]self becom+ unnatural4 ,x 0 ,molo* ^u ! m\nta9 ( ! ,lat9s1 look+ ) 8 appall+ face across ! pla92 x 0 ,baal :o trampl$ ! v9ey>ds ) 8 feet ( /one2 x 0 ! voice ( ,tanit ! invisible1 beh9d h] trail+ veils1 :isp]+ ( ! love t is m horrible ?an hate4 ,! burn+ ( ! ,italian cornfields1 ! ru9 ( ! ,italian v9es1 7 some?+ m ?an actual2 !y 7 allegorical4 ,!y 7 ! de/ruction ( dome/ic & fruitful ?+s1 ! )]+ ( :at 0 human be=e t inhumanity t is f> beyond ! human ?+ call$ cruelty4 ,! h\sehold gods b[$ l[ 9 d>kness "u _! l[ly ro(s2 & above !m w5t ! demons ^u a w9d f beyond all walls1 bl[+ ! trumpet ( ! ,tramontane4 ,! door ( ! ,alps 0 brok5 d[n2 & 9 no vulg> b a v solemn s5se1 x 0 ,hell let loose4 ,! w> ( ! gods & demons seem$ already to h end$2 & ! gods 7 dead4 ,! eagles 7 lo/1 ! legions 7 brok52 & 9 ,rome no?+ rema9$ b hon\r & ! cold c\rage ( despair4 ,9 ! :ole _w "o ?+ /ill ?reat5$ ,c>?age1 & t 0 ,c>?age4 ,!re /ill rema9$ ! inn] work+ ( an elem5t /rong 9 all successful comm]cial /ates1 & ! pres5ce ( a _s t we "k4 ,!re 0 /ill ! solid s5se & %rewdness ( ! m5 :o manage big ent]prises2 !re 0 /ill ! advice ( ! be/ f9ancial exp]ts2 !re 0 /ill bus9ess gov]nm5t2 !re 0 /ill ! broad & sane outlook ( practical m5 ( affairs2 & 9 ^! ?+s c\ld ! ,romans hope4 ,z ! w> trail$ on to :at seem$ its tragic end1 !re grew gradually a fa9t & /range possibility t ev5 n[ !y might n hope 9 va94 ,! pla9 bus9ess m5 ( ,c>?age1 ?9k+ z su* m5 d 9 t]ms ( liv+ & dy+ races1 saw cle>ly t ,rome 0 n only dy+ b dead4 ,! w> 0 ov]2 x 0 obvi\sly hopeless = ! ,italian city to resi/ any long]1 & inconceivable t anybody %\ld resi/ :5 x 0 hopeless4 ,"u ^! circum/ances1 ano!r set ( broad1 s\nd bus9ess pr9ciples rema9$ to be consid]$4 ,w>s 7 wag$ ) money1 & consequ5tly co/ money2 p]haps !y felt 9 _! he>ts1 z d s _m ( _! k9d1 t aft] all w> mu/ be a little wick$ because x co/s money4 ,! "t _h n[ come = peace2 & /ill m = economy4 ,! messages s5t by ,hannibal f "t to "t ask+ = re9=cem5ts 7 a ridicul\s ana*ronism2 !re 7 mu* m important ?+s to att5d to n[4 ,x might be true t "s consul or o!r _h made a la/ da% to ! ,metaurus1 _h kill$ ,hannibal's bro!r & flung 8 head1 ) ,lat9 fury1 into ,hannibal's camp2 & mad actions ( t sort %[$ h[ utt]ly hopeless ! ,lat9s felt ab\t _! cause4 ,b ev5 excitable ,lat9s c\ld n be s mad z to cl+ to a lo/ cause = ev]4 ,s argu$ ! be/ f9ancial exp]ts2 & toss$ aside m & m lett]s1 full ( r que] al>mi/ reports4 ,s argu$ & act$ ! great ,c>?ag9ian ,empire4 ,t mean+less prejudice1 ! curse ( comm]cial /ates1 t /upidity is 9 "s way practical & t g5ius is 9 "s way futile1 l$ !m to />ve & ab&on t great arti/ 9 ! s*ool ( arms1 :om ! gods _h giv5 !m 9 va94 ,:y d m5 ent]ta9 ?is que] idea t :at is sordid mu/ always ov]?r[ :at is magnanim\s2 t !re is "s dim connection betwe5 bra9s & brutality1 or t x does n matt] if a man is dull s long z he is also mean8 ,:y d !y vaguely ?9k ( all *ivalry z s5tim5t & all s5tim5t z weakness8 ,!y d x because !y are1 l all m51 prim>ily inspir$ by religion4 ,= !m1 z = all m51 ! fir/ fact is _! notion ( ! nature ( ?+s2 _! idea ab\t :at _w !y are liv+ 94 ,& x is _! fai? t ! only ultimate ?+ is fe> & !re=e t ! v he>t ( ! _w is evil4 ,!y believe t dea? is /rong] ?an life1 & !re=e dead ?+s mu/ be /rong] ?an liv+ ?+s2 :e!r ^? dead ?+s are gold & iron & ma*9]y or rocks & riv]s & =ces ( nature4 ,x may s\nd fanciful to say t m5 we meet at tea-tables or talk to at g>d5-p>ties are secretly wor%ipp]s ( ,baal or ,molo*4 ,b ?is sort ( comm]cial m9d has its own cosmic vision & x is ! vision ( ,c>?age4 ,x has 9 x ! brutal blund] t 0 ! ru9 ( ,c>?age4 ,! ,punic p[] fell1 because !re is 9 ?is mat]ialism a mad indiff]5ce to real ?\ght4 ,by disbeliev+ 9 ! s\l1 x comes to disbeliev+ 9 ! m9d4 ,be+ too practical to be moral1 x d5ies :at e practical soldi] calls ! moral ( an army4 ,x fancies t money w fight :5 m5 w no long] fight4 ,s x 0 ) ! ,punic m]*ant pr9ces4 ,_! religion 0 a religion ( despair1 ev5 :5 _! practical =tunes 7 hopeful4 ,h[ c\ld !y und]/& t ! ,romans c\ld hope ev5 :5 _! =tunes 7 hopeless8 ,_! religion 0 a religion ( =ce & fe>2 h[ c\ld !y und]/& t m5 c /ill despise fe> ev5 :5 !y submit to =ce8 ,_! philosophy ( ! _w _h we>9ess 9 its v he>t2 above all !y 7 we>y ( w>f>e2 h[ %\ld !y und]/& ^? :o /ill wage w> ev5 :5 !y are we>y ( x8 ,9 a ^w1 h[ %\ld !y und]/& ! m9d ( ,man1 :o _h s long b[$ d[n be=e m9dless ?+s1 money & brute =ce & gods :o _h ! he>ts ( bea/s8 ,!y awoke sudd5ly to ! news t ! emb]s !y _h disda9$ too mu* ev5 to tread out 7 aga9 break+ ev]y:]e into flame2 t ,hasdrubal 0 defeat$1 t ,hannibal 0 outnumb]$1 t ,scipio _h c>ri$ ! w> into ,spa92 t he _h c>ri$ x into ,africa4 ,be=e ! v gates ( ! gold5 city ,hannibal f\ght 8 la/ fight = x & lo/2 & ,c>?age fell z no?+ has fall5 s9ce ,satan4 ,! "n ( ! ,new ,city rema9s only z a "n4 ,!re is no /one ( x left ^u ! s&4 ,ano!r w> 0 inde$ wag$ be=e ! f9al de/ruction3 b ! de/ruction 0 f9al4 ,only m5 digg+ 9 its deep f\ndations c5turies aft] f\nd a heap ( hundr$s ( little skeletons1 ! holy relics ( t religion4 ,= ,c>?age fell because %e 0 fai?ful to h] own philosophy & _h foll[$ out to its logical conclusion h] own vision ( ! univ]se4 ,molo* _h eat5 8 *ildr54 ,! gods _h ris5 aga91 & ! demons _h be5 defeat$ aft] all4 ,b !y _h be5 defeat$ by ! defeat$1 & almo/ defeat$ by ! dead4 ,nobody und]/&s ! romance ( ,rome1 & :y %e rose aft]w>ds to a repres5tative lead]%ip t seem$ almo/ fat$ & fundam5tally natural1 :o does n keep 9 m9d ! agony ( horror & humiliation ?r\gh :i* %e _h cont9u$ to te/ify to ! sanity t is ! s\l ( ,europe4 ,%e came to /& alone 9 ! mid/ ( an empire because %e _h once /ood alone 9 ! mid/ ( a ru9 & a wa/e4 ,aft] t all m5 knew 9 _! he>ts t %e _h be5 repres5tative ( mank9d1 ev5 :5 %e 0 reject$ ( m54 ,& !re fell on h] ! %ad[ f a %9+ & z yet invisible light & ! burd5 ( ?+s to be4 ,x is n = u to guess 9 :at mann] or mom5t ! m]cy ( ,god might 9 any case h rescu$ ! _w2 b x is c]ta9 t ! /ruggle :i* e/abli%$ ,*ri/5dom w\ld h be5 v diff]5t if !re _h be5 an empire ( ,c>?age in/ead ( an empire ( ,rome4 ,we h to ?ank ! pati5ce ( ! ,punic w>s if1 9 aft] ages1 div9e ?+s desc5d$ at lea/ ^u human ?+s & n inhuman4 ,europe evolv$ into its own vices & its own impot5ce1 z w be sugge/$ on ano!r page2 b ! wor/ into :i* x evolv$ 0 n l :at x _h escap$4 ,c any man 9 8 s5ses comp>e ! great wood5 doll1 :om ! *ildr5 expect$ to eat a little bit ( ! d9n]1 ) ! great idol :o w\ld h be5 expect$ to eat ! *ildr58 ,t is ! measure ( h[ f> ! _w w5t a/ray1 comp>$ ) h[ f> x might h gone a/ray4 ,if ! ,romans 7 ru?less1 x 0 9 a true s5se to an enemy1 & c]ta9ly n m]ely a rival4 ,!y rememb]$ n trade r\tes & regulations1 b ! faces ( sne]+ m52 & hat$ ! hateful s\l ( ,c>?age4 ,& we owe !m some?+ if we nev] ne$$ to cut d[n ! groves ( ,v5us exactly z m5 cut d[n ! groves ( ,baal4 ,we owe x p>tly to _! h>%ness t our ?\ghts ( our human pa/ are n :olly h>%4 ,if ! passage f hea!nry to ,*ri/ianity 0 a bridge z well z a brea*1 we owe x to ^? :o kept t hea!nry human4 ,if1 aft] all ^! ages1 we are 9 "s s5se at peace ) paganism1 & c ?9k m k9dly ( our fa!rs1 x is well to rememb] ! ?+s t 7 & ! ?+s t might h be54 ,= ?is reason alone we c take lightly ! load ( antiquity & ne$ n %udd] at a nymph on a f\nta9 or a cupid on a val5t9e4 ,laught] & sadness l9k u ) ?+s long pa/ away & rememb]$ )\t di%on\r2 & we c see n altoge!r )\t t5d]ness ! twilight s9k+ ar\nd ! ,sab9e f>m & he> ! h\sehold gods rejoice :5 ,catullus comes home to ,sirmio4 ,deleta e/ ,c>?ago4 ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,! ,,end ,,( ,,! ,,_w ,i 0 once sitt+ on a summ] day 9 a mead[ 9 ,k5t "u ! %ad[ ( a little village *ur*1 ) a r curi\s companion ) :om ,i _h j be5 walk+ ?r\gh ! woods4 ,he 0 "o ( a gr\p ( ecc5trics ,i _h come across 9 my w&]+s :o _h a new religion call$ ,high] ,?\ght2 9 :i* ,i _h be5 s f> initiat$ z to realise a g5]al atmosph]e ( l(t9ess or height1 & 0 hop+ at "s lat] & m esot]ic /age to discov] ! beg9n+s ( ?\ght4 ,my companion 0 ! mo/ amus+ ( !m1 = h[ev] he may h /ood t[>ds ?\ght1 he 0 at lea/ v mu* _! sup]ior 9 exp]i5ce1 hav+ travell$ beyond ! tropics :ile !y 7 m$itat+ 9 ! suburbs2 ?\gh he _h be5 *>g$ ) excess 9 tell+ travell]s' tales4 ,9 spite ( any?+ said aga9/ him1 ,i pref]r$ him to 8 companions & will+ly w5t ) him ?r\gh ! wood2 :]e ,i c\ld n b feel t 8 sunburnt face & fi]ce tuft$ eyebr[s & po9t$ be>d gave him some?+ ( ! look ( ,pan4 ,!n we sat d[n 9 ! mead[ & gaz$ idly at ! tree-tops & ! spire ( ! village *ur*2 :ile ! w>m aft]noon began to mell[ into e>ly ev5+ & ! song ( a speck ( a bird 0 fa9t f> up 9 ! sky & no m ?an a :isp] ( breeze soo!d r ?an /irr$ ! anci5t or*>ds ( ! g>d5 ( ,engl&4 ,!n my companion said to me3 #8,d y "k :y ! spire ( t *ur* goes up l t8' ,i express$ a respectable agno/icism1 & he answ]$ 9 an (f-h& way1 #8,oh1 ! same z ! obelisks2 ! phallic wor%ip ( antiquity4' ,!n ,i look$ across at him sudd5ly z he lay !re le]+ above 8 goatlike be>d2 & = ! mom5t ,i ?\ght he 0 n ,pan b ! ,devil4 ,no mortal words c express ! imm5se1 ! insane incongruity & unnatural p]v]sion ( ?\ght involv$ 9 say+ su* a ?+ at su* a mom5t & 9 su* a place4 ,= "o mom5t ,i 0 9 ! mood 9 :i* m5 burn$ wit*es2 & !n a s5se ( absurdity equally enorm\s seem$ to op5 ab\t me l a dawn4 #8,:y1 ( c\rse1' ,i said aft] a mom5t's reflection1 #8if x hadn't be5 = phallic wor%ip1 !y w\ld h built ! spire po9t+ d[nw>ds & /&+ on its own apex4' ,i c\ld h sat 9 t field & laugh$ = an h\r4 ,my fri5d did n seem (f5d$1 = inde$ he 0 nev] ?9-sk9n$ ab\t 8 sci5tific discov]ies4 ,i _h only met him by *ance & ,i nev] met him aga91 & ,i believe he is n[ dead2 b ?\gh x has no?+ to d ) ! argum5t1 x may be wor? :ile to m5tion ! "n ( ?is adh]5t ( ,high] ,?\ght & int]pret] ( primitive religi\s orig9s2 or at any rate ! "n by :i* he 0 kn[n4 ,x 0 ,l\is de ,r\gemont4 ,t insane image ( ! ,k5ti% *ur* /&+ on ! po9t ( its spire1 z 9 "s old ru/ic topsy-turvy tale1 always comes back into my imag9ation :5 ,i he> ^! ?+s said ab\t pagan orig9s2 & calls to my aid ! laught] ( ! giants4 ,!n ,i feel z g5ially & *>itably to all o!r sci5tific inve/igators1 high] critics1 & au?orities on anci5t & mod]n religion1 z ,i d to poor ,l\is de ,r\gemont4 ,b ! memory ( t imm5se absurdity rema9s z a sort ( measure & *eck by :i* to keep sane1 n only on ! subject ( ,*ri/ian *ur*es1 b also on ! subject ( hea!n temples4 ,n[ a great _m p h talk$ ab\t hea!n orig9s z ! di/+ui%$ travell] talk$ ab\t ,*ri/ian orig9s4 ,inde$ a great _m mod]n hea!ns h be5 v h>d on hea!nism4 ,a great _m mod]n humanit>ians h be5 v h>d on ! real religion ( humanity4 ,!y h repres5t$ x z be+ ev]y:]e & f ! fir/ root$ only 9 ^! repulsive arcana2 & c>ry+ ! "* ( some?+ utt]ly %ameless & an>*ical4 ,n[ ,i d n believe ?is = a mom5t4 ,i %\ld nev] dream ( ?9k+ ab\t ! :ole wor%ip ( ,apollo :at ,de ,r\gemont c\ld ?9k ab\t ! wor%ip ( ,*ri/4 ,i w\ld nev] admit t !re 0 su* an atmosph]e 9 a ,greek city z t madman 0 able to smell 9 a ,k5ti% village4 ,on ! contr>y1 x is ! :ole po9t1 ev5 ( ?is f9al *apt] ^u ! f9al decay ( paganism1 to insi/ once m t ! wor/ sort ( paganism _h already be5 defeat$ by ! be/ sort4 ,x 0 ! be/ sort ( paganism t conqu]$ ! gold ( ,c>?age4 ,x 0 ! be/ sort ( paganism t wore ! laurels ( ,rome4 ,x 0 ! be/ ?+ ! _w _h yet se51 all ?+s consid]$ & on any l>ge scale1 t rul$ f ! wall ( ! ,grampians to ! g>d5 ( ! ,euphrates4 ,x 0 ! be/ t conqu]$2 x 0 ! be/ t rul$2 & x 0 ! be/ t began to decay4 ,unless ?is broad tru? be grasp$1 ! :ole /ory is se5 askew4 ,pessimism is n 9 be+ tir$ ( evil b 9 be+ tir$ ( good4 ,despair does n lie 9 be+ we>y ( suff]+1 b 9 be+ we>y ( joy4 ,x is :5 = "s reason or o!r ! good ?+s 9 a society no long] "w t ! society beg9s to decl9e2 :5 its food does n fe$1 :5 its cures d n cure1 :5 its bless+s refuse to bless4 ,we might almo/ say t 9 a society )\t su* good ?+s we %\ld h>dly h any te/ by :i* to regi/] a decl9e2 t is :y "s ( ! /atic comm]cial olig>*ies l ,c>?age h r an air 9 hi/ory ( /&+ & />+ l mummies1 s dri$ up & swa!d & embalm$ t no man kn[s :5 !y are new or old4 ,b ,c>?age at any rate 0 dead1 & ! wor/ assault ev] made by ! demons on mortal society _h be5 defeat$4 ,b h[ mu* w\ld x matt] t ! wor/ 0 dead if ! be/ 0 dy+8 ,to beg9 )1 x mu/ be not$ t ! relation ( ,rome to ,c>?age 0 p>tially repeat$ & ext5d$ 9 h] relation to nations m normal & m ne>ly ak9 to h] ?an ,c>?age4 ,i am n "h conc]n$ to controv]t ! m]ely political view t ,roman /atesm5 act$ unscrupul\sly t[>ds ,cor9? or ! ,greek cities4 ,b ,i am conc]n$ to contradict ! notion t !re 0 no?+ b a hypocritical excuse 9 ! ord9>y ,roman dislike ( ,greek vices4 ,i am n pres5t+ ^! pagans z palad9s ( *ivalry1 ) a s5tim5t ab\t nationalism nev] kn[n until ,*ri/ian times4 ,b ,i am pres5t+ !m z m5 ) ! feel+s ( m52 & ^? feel+s 7 n a pret5ce4 ,! tru? is t "o ( ! weaknesses 9 nature-wor%ip & m]e my?ology _h already produc$ a p]v]sion among ! ,greeks1 due to ! wor/ sophi/ry2 ! sophi/ry ( simplicity4 ,j z !y became unnatural by wor%ipp+ nature1 s !y actually became unmanly by wor%ipp+ man4 ,if ,greece l$ h] conqu]or1 %e might h misl$ h] conqu]or2 b ^! 7 ?+s he did orig9ally wi% to conqu]--ev5 9 himself4 ,x is true t 9 "o s5se !re 0 less inhumanity ev5 9 ,sodom & ,gomorrah ?an 9 ,tyre & ,sidon4 ,:5 we consid] ! w> ( ! demons on ! *ildr51 we _c comp>e ev5 ,greek decad5ce to ,punic devil-wor%ip4 ,b x is n true t ! s9c]e revulsion f ei!r ne$ be m]ely ph>isaical4 ,x is n true to human nature or to common s5se4 ,let any lad :o has _h ! luck to gr[ up sane & simple 9 8 day-dreams ( love he> = ! fir/ "t ( ! cult ( ,ganym$e2 he w n be m]ely %ock$ b sick5$4 ,& t fir/ impression1 z has be5 said "h s (t5 ab\t fir/ impressions1 w be "r4 ,our cynical indiff]5ce is an illusion2 x is ! greate/ ( all illusions3 ! illusion ( famili>ity4 ,x is "r to conceive ! m or less ru/ic virtues ( ! ruck ( ! orig9al ,romans z react+ aga9/ ! v rum\r ( x1 ) complete spontaneity & s9c]ity4 ,x is "r to reg>d !m z react+1 if 9 a less] degree1 exactly z !y did aga9/ ! cruelty ( ,c>?age4 ,because x 0 9 a less degree !y did n de/roy ,cor9? z !y de/roy$ ,c>?age4 ,b if _! attitude & action 0 r de/ructive1 9 nei!r case ne$ _! indignation h be5 m]e self-righte\sness cov]+ m]e selfi%ness4 ,& if anybody insi/s t no?+ c\ld h op]at$ 9 ei!r case b reasons ( /ate & comm]cial conspiracies1 we c only tell him t !re is some?+ :i* he does n und]/&2 some?+ :i* possibly he w nev] und]/&2 some?+ :i*1 until he does und]/&1 he w nev] und]/& ! ,lat9s4 ,t some?+ is call$ democracy4 ,he has probably he>d ! ^w a good _m times & ev5 us$ x himself2 b he has no notion ( :at x means4 ,all ?r\gh ! revolution>y hi/ory ( ,rome !re 0 an incessant drive t[>ds democracy2 ! /ate & ! /atesman c\ld d no?+ )\t a consid]able back+ ( democracy2 ! sort ( democracy t nev] has any?+ to d ) diplomacy4 ,x is precisely because ( ! pres5ce ( ,roman democracy t we he> s mu* ab\t ,roman olig>*y4 ,= in/ance1 rec5t hi/orians h tri$ to expla9 ! val\r & victory ( ,rome 9 t]ms ( t dete/able & dete/$ usury :i* 0 practis$ by "s ( ! ,patricians2 z if ,curius _h conqu]$ ! m5 ( ! ,mac$onian phalanx by l5d+ !m money2 or ! ,consul ,n]o _h negotiat$ ! victory ( ,metaurus at five p] c5t4 ,b we realise ! usury ( ! ,patricians because ( ! p]petual revolt ( ! ,plebeians4 ,! rule ( ! ,punic m]*ant pr9ces _h ! v s\l ( usury4 ,b !re 0 nev] a ,punic mob t d>$ to call !m usur]s4 ,burd5$ l all mortal ?+s ) all mortal s9 & weakness1 ! rise ( ,rome _h really be5 ! rise ( normal & especially ( popul> ?+s2 & 9 no?+ m ?an 9 ! ?or\ghly normal & pr(\ndly popul> hatr$ ( p]v]sion4 ,n[ among ! ,greeks a p]v]sion _h become a conv5tion4 ,x is true t x _h become s mu* ( a conv5tion1 especially a lit]>y conv5tion1 t x 0 sometimes conv5tionally copi$ by ,roman lit]>y m54 ,b ?is is "o ( ^? complications t always arise out ( conv5tions4 ,x mu/ n obscure our s5se ( ! diff]5ce ( tone 9 ! two societies z a :ole4 ,x is true t ,virgil w\ld once 9 a way take ov] a !me ( ,!ocritus2 b nobody c get ! impression t ,virgil 0 p>ticul>ly fond ( t !me4 ,! !mes ( ,virgil 7 specially & notably ! normal !mes1 & n[h]e m ?an 9 morals2 piety & patriotism & ! hon\r ( ! c\ntryside4 ,& we may well pause ^u ! "n ( ! poet z we pass into ! autumn ( antiquity3 ^u 8 "n :o 0 9 s supreme a s5se ! v voice ( autumn1 ( its maturity & its melan*oly2 ( its fruits ( fulfilm5t & its prospect ( decay4 ,nobody :o reads ev5 a few l9es ( ,virgil c d\bt t he und]/ood :at moral sanity means to mank9d4 ,nobody c d\bt 8 feel+s :5 ! demons 7 driv5 9 flight be=e ! h\sehold gods4 ,b !re are two p>ticul> po9ts ab\t him & 8 "w :i* are p>ticul>ly important to ! ma9 !sis "h4 ,! fir/ is t ! :ole ( 8 great patriotic epic is 9 a v peculi> s5se f\nd$ ^u ! fall ( ,troy2 t is1 ^u an av[$ pride 9 ,troy al?\gh %e _h fall54 ,9 trac+ to ,trojans ! f\ndation ( 8 belov$ race & republic1 he began :at may be call$ ! great ,trojan tradition :i* runs ?r\gh m$ieval & mod]n hi/ory4 ,we h already se5 ! fir/ h9t ( x 9 ! pa?os ( ,hom] ab\t ,hector4 ,b ,virgil turn$ x n m]ely into a lit]ature b into a leg5d4 ,& x 0 a leg5d ( ! almo/ div9e dignity t belongs to ! defeat$4 ,?is 0 "o ( ! traditions t did truly prep>e ! _w = ! com+ ( ,*ri/ianity & especially ( ,*ri/ian *ivalry4 ,?is is :at did help to su/a9 civilisation ?r\gh ! incessant defeats ( ! ,d>k ,ages & ! b>b>ian w>s2 out ( :i* :at we call *ivalry 0 born4 ,x is ! moral attitude ( ! man ) 8 back to ! wall2 & x 0 ! wall ( ,troy4 ,all ?r\gh m$ieval & mod]n times ?is v]sion ( ! virtues 9 ! ,hom]ic conflict c be trac$ 9 a hundr$ ways co-op]at+ ) all t 0 ak9 to x 9 ,*ri/ian s5tim5t4 ,our own c\ntrym51 & ! m5 ( o!r c\ntries1 lov$ to claim l ,virgil t _! own nation 0 desc5d$ f ! h]oic ,trojans4 ,all sorts ( p ?\ght x ! mo/ sup]b sort ( h]aldry to claim to be desc5d$ f ,hector4 ,nobody seems to h want$ to be desc5d$ f ,a*illes4 ,! v fact t ! ,trojan "n has become a ,*ri/ian "n1 & be5 scatt]$ to ! la/ limits ( ,*ri/5dom1 to ,irel& or ! ,gaelic ,highl&s1 :ile ! ,greek "n has rema9$ relatively r>e & p$antic1 is a tribute to ! same tru?4 ,inde$ x involves a curiosity ( language almo/ 9 ! nature ( a joke4 ,! "n has be5 turn$ into a v]b2 & ! v phrase ab\t hector+1 9 ! s5se ( swagg]+1 sugge/s ! myriads ( soldi]s :o h tak5 ! fall5 ,trojan = a model4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 nobody 9 antiquity 0 less giv5 to hector+ ?an ,hector4 ,b ev5 ! bully pret5d+ to be a conqu]or took 8 title f ! conqu]$4 ,t is :y ! popul>isation ( ! ,trojan orig9 by ,virgil has a vital relation to all ^? elem5ts t h made m5 say t ,virgil 0 almo/ a ,*ri/ian4 ,x is almo/ z if two great tools or toys ( ! same timb]1 ! div9e & ! human1 _h be5 9 ! h&s ( ,provid5ce2 & ! only ?+ comp>able to ! ,wood5 ,cross ( ,calv>y 0 ! ,wood5 ,horse ( ,troy4 ,s1 9 "s wild allegory1 pi\s 9 purpose if almo/ pr(ane 9 =m1 ! ,holy ,*ild might h f\ght ! ,dragon ) a wood5 sword & a wood5 horse4 ,! o!r elem5t 9 ,virgil :i* is ess5tial to ! argum5t is ! p>ticul> nature ( 8 relation to my?ology2 or :at may "h 9 a special s5se be call$ folklore1 ! fai?s & fancies ( ! populace4 ,ev]ybody kn[s t 8 poetry at its mo/ p]fect is less conc]n$ ) ! pomposity ( ,olympus ?an ) ! num9a ( natural & agricultural life4 ,e "o kn[s :]e ,virgil look$ = ! causes ( ?+s4 ,he speaks ( f9d+ !m n s mu* 9 cosmic allegories ( ,uranus & ,*ronos2 b r 9 ,pan & ! si/]hood ( ! nymphs & ! %aggy old man ( ! =e/4 ,he is p]haps mo/ himself 9 "s passages ( ! ,eclogues1 9 :i* he has p]petuat$ = ev] ! great leg5d ( ,arcadia & ! %eph]ds4 ,"h aga9 x is easy en\gh to miss ! po9t ) petty criticism ab\t all ! ?+s t happ5 to sep>ate 8 lit]>y conv5tion f ours4 ,!re is no?+ m artificial ?an ! cry ( artificiality1 z direct$ aga9/ ! old pa/oral poetry4 ,we h entirely miss$ all t our fa!rs meant by look+ at ! ext]nals ( :at !y wrote4 ,p h be5 s mu* amus$ ) ! m]e fact t ! *9a %eph]dess 0 made ( *9a t !y h n ev5 ask$ :y %e 0 made at all4 ,!y h be5 s cont5t to consid] ! ,m]ry ,peasant z a figure 9 an op]a t !y h n ask$ ev5 h[ he came to g to ! op]a1 or h[ he /ray$ on to ! /age4 ,9 %ort1 we h only to ask :y !re is a *9a %eph]dess & n a *9a %opkeep]4 ,:y 7 n mantelpieces adorn$ ) figures ( city m]*ants 9 elegant attitudes2 ( ironma/]s wr\ght 9 iron1 or gold speculators 9 gold8 ,:y did ! op]a exhibit a ,m]ry ,peasant & n a ,m]ry ,politician8 ,:y 0 !re n a ballet ( bank]s1 pir\ett+ ^u po9t$ toes8 ,because ! anci5t in/9ct & hum\r ( humanity h always told !m1 "u :atev] conv5tions1 t ! conv5tions ( complex cities 7 less really heal?y & happy ?an ! cu/oms ( ! c\ntryside4 ,s x is ) ! et]nity ( ! ,eclogues4 ,a mod]n poet did inde$ write ?+s call$ ,fleet ,/reet ,eclogues1 9 :i* poets took ! place ( ! %eph]ds4 ,b nobody has yet writt5 any?+ call$ ,wall ,/reet ,eclogues1 9 :i* millionaires %\ld take ! place ( ! poets4 ,& ! reason is t !re is a real if only a recurr5t ye>n+ = t sort ( simplicity2 & !re is nev] t sort ( ye>n+ = t sort ( complexity4 ,! key to ! my/]y ( ! ,m]ry ,peasant is t ! peasant (t5 is m]ry4 ,^? :o d n believe x are simply ^? :o d n "k any?+ ab\t him1 & !re=e d n "k :i* are 8 times = m]rim5t4 ,^? :o d n believe 9 ! %eph]d's fea/ or song are m]ely ignorant ( ! %eph]d's cal5d>4 ,! real %eph]d is inde$ v diff]5t f ! ideal %eph]d1 b t is no reason = =gett+ ! reality at ! root ( ! ideal4 ,x ne$s a tru? to make a tradition4 ,x ne$s a tradition to make a conv5tion4 ,pa/oral poetry is c]ta9ly (t5 a conv5tion1 especially 9 a social decl9e4 ,x 0 9 a social decl9e t ,watteau %eph]ds & %eph]desses l\ng$ ab\t ! g>d5s ( ,v]sailles4 ,x 0 also 9 a social decl9e t %eph]ds & %eph]desses cont9u$ to pipe & dance ?r\gh ! mo/ fad$ imitations ( ,virgil4 ,b t is no reason = dismiss+ ! dy+ paganism )\t ev] und]/&+ its life4 ,x is no reason = =gett+ t ! v ^w ,pagan is ! same z ! ^w ,peasant4 ,we may say t ?is art is only artificiality2 b x is n a love ( ! artificial4 ,on ! contr>y1 x is 9 its v nature only ! failure ( nature-wor%ip1 or ! love ( ! natural4 ,= ! %eph]ds 7 dy+ because _! gods 7 dy+4 ,paganism liv$ ^u poetry2 t poetry already consid]$ "u ! "n ( my?ology4 ,b ev]y:]e1 & especially 9 ,italy1 x _h be5 a my?ology & a poetry root$ 9 ! c\ntryside2 & t ru/ic religion _h be5 l>gely responsible = ! ru/ic happ9ess4 ,only z ! :ole society grew 9 age & exp]i5ce1 !re began to appe> t weakness 9 all my?ology already not$ 9 ! *apt] "u t "n4 ,?is religion 0 n q a religion4 ,9 o!r words1 ?is religion 0 n q a reality4 ,x 0 ! "y _w's riot ) images & ideas l a "y man's riot ) w9e or love-mak+2 x 0 n s mu* immoral z irresponsible2 x _h no =esight ( ! f9al te/ ( "t4 ,because x 0 creative to any ext5t x 0 cr$ul\s to any ext5t4 ,x belong$ to ! arti/ic side ( man1 yet ev5 consid]$ arti/ically x _h long become ov]load$ & entangl$4 ,! family trees sprung f ! se$ ( ,jupit] 7 a jungle r ?an a =e/2 ! claims ( ! gods & demigods seem$ l ?+s to be settl$ r by a lawy] or a pr(essional h]ald ?an by a poet4 ,b x is ne$less to say t x 0 n only 9 ! arti/ic s5se t ^! ?+s _h gr[n m an>*ic4 ,!re _h appe>$ 9 m & m flagrant fa%ion t fl[] ( evil t is really implicit 9 ! v se$ ( nature-wor%ip1 h[ev] natural x may seem4 ,i h said t ,i d n believe t natural wor%ip necess>ily beg9s ) ?is p>ticul> passion2 ,i am n ( ! ,de ,r\gemont s*ool ( sci5tific folklore4 ,i d n believe t my?ology mu/ beg9 9 eroticism4 ,b ,i d believe t my?ology mu/ end 9 x4 ,i am q c]ta9 t my?ology did end 9 x4 ,moreov]1 n only did ! poetry gr[ m immoral1 b ! immorality grew m indef5sible4 ,greek vices1 ori5tal vices1 h9ts ( ! old horrors ( ! ,semitic demons1 began to fill ! fancies ( decay+ ,rome1 sw>m+ l flies on a dung-heap4 ,! psy*ology ( x is really human en\gh1 to any "o :o w try t exp]im5t ( see+ hi/ory f ! inside4 ,!re comes an h\r 9 ! aft]noon :5 ! *ild is tir$ ( #8pret5d+'2 :5 he is we>y ( be+ a robb] or a ,r$ ,indian4 ,x is !n t he torm5ts ! cat4 ,!re comes a "t 9 ! r\t9e ( an ord]$ civilisation :5 ! man is tir$ ( play+ at my?ology & pret5d+ t a tree is a maid5 or t ! moon made love to a man4 ,! effect ( ?is /al5ess is ! same ev]y:]e2 x is se5 9 all drug-tak+ & dram-dr9k+ & e =m ( ! t5d5cy to increase ! dose4 ,m5 seek /rang] s9s or m />tl+ obsc5ities z /imulants to _! jad$ s5se4 ,!y seek aft] mad ori5tal religions = ! same reason4 ,!y try to /ab _! n]ves to life1 if x 7 ) ! knives ( ! prie/s ( ,baal4 ,!y are walk+ 9 _! sleep & try to wake !mselves up ) nightm>es4 ,at t /age ev5 ( paganism !re=e ! peasant songs & dances s\nd fa9t] & fa9t] 9 ! =e/4 ,= "o ?+1 ! peasant civilisation 0 fad+1 or _h already fad$1 f ! :ole c\ntryside4 ,! ,empire at ! end 0 organis$ m & m on t s]vile sy/em :i* g5]ally goes ) ! boa/ ( organisation2 inde$ x 0 almo/ z s]vile z ! mod]n s*emes = ! organisation ( indu/ry4 ,x is prov]bial t :at w\ld once h be5 a peasantry became a m]e populace ( ! t[n dep5d5t = bread & circuses2 :i* may aga9 sugge/ to "s a mob dep5d5t ^u doles & c9emas4 ,9 ?is z 9 _m o!r respects1 ! mod]n return to hea!nism has be5 a return n ev5 to ! hea!n y\? b r to ! hea!n old age4 ,b ! causes ( x 7 spiritual 9 bo? cases2 & especially ! _s ( paganism _h dep>t$ ) its famili> spirits4 ,! he>t _h gone out ( x ) its h\sehold gods1 :o w5t along ) ! gods ( ! g>d5 & ! field & ! =e/4 ,! ,old ,man ( ! ,=e/ 0 too old2 he 0 already dy+4 ,x is said truly 9 a s5se t ,pan di$ because ,*ri/ 0 born4 ,x is almo/ z true 9 ano!r s5se t m5 knew t ,*ri/ 0 born because ,pan 0 already dead4 ,a void 0 made by ! vani%+ ( ! :ole my?ology ( mank9d1 :i* w\ld h asphyxiat$ l a vacuum if x _h n be5 fill$ ) !ology4 ,b ! po9t = ! mom5t is t ! my?ology c\ld n h la/$ l a !ology 9 any case4 ,!ology is ?\ght1 :e!r we agree ) x or n4 ,my?ology 0 nev] ?\ght1 & nobody c\ld really agree ) x or disagree ) x4 ,x 0 a m]e mood ( glam\r1 & :5 ! mood w5t x c\ld n be recov]$4 ,m5 n only ceas$ to believe 9 ! gods1 b !y realis$ t !y _h nev] believ$ 9 !m4 ,!y _h sung _! praises2 !y _h danc$ r\nd _! alt>s4 ,!y _h play$ ! flute2 !y _h play$ ! fool4 ,s came ! twilight ^u ,arcady1 & ! la/ notes ( ! pipe s\nd sadly f ! bee*5 grove4 ,9 ! great ,virgilian poems !re is already some?+ ( ! sadness2 b ! loves & ! h\sehold gods l+] 9 lovely l9es l t :i* ,mr4 ,belloc took = a te/ ( und]/&+2 incipe1 p>ve pu]1 risu cognosc]e matrem4 ,b ) !m z ) u1 ! human family itself began to break d[n "u s]vile organisation & ! h]d+ ( ! t[ns4 ,! urban mob became enlight5$2 t is1 x lo/ ! m5tal en]gy t c\ld create my?s4 ,all r\nd ! circle ( ! ,m$it]ranean cities ! p m\rn$ = ! loss ( gods & 7 consol$ ) gladiators4 ,& mean:ile some?+ simil> 0 happ5+ to t intellectual ari/ocracy ( antiquity t _h be5 walk+ ab\t & talk+ at l>ge ev] s9ce ,socrates & ,py?agoras4 ,!y began to betray to ! _w ! fact t !y 7 walk+ 9 a circle & say+ ! same ?+ ov] & ov] aga94 ,philosophy began to be a joke2 x also began to be a bore4 ,t unnatural simplification ( ev]y?+ into "o sy/em or ano!r1 :i* we h not$ z ! fault ( ! philosoph]1 reveal$ at once its f9ality & its futility4 ,ev]y?+ 0 virtue or ev]y?+ 0 happ9ess or ev]y?+ 0 fate or ev]y?+ 0 good or ev]y?+ 0 bad2 anyh[1 ev]y?+ 0 ev]y?+ & !re 0 no m to be said2 s !y said x4 ,ev]y:]e ! sages _h deg5]at$ into sophi/s2 t is1 into hir$ rhetoricians or ask]s ( riddles4 ,x is "o ( ! symptoms ( ?is t ! sage beg9s to turn n only into a sophi/ b into a magician4 ,a t\* ( ori5tal occultism is v mu* appreciat$ 9 ! be/ h\ses4 ,z ! philosoph] is already a society ent]ta9]1 he may z well also be a conjur]4 ,_m mod]ns h insi/$ on ! smallness ( t ,m$it]ranean _w2 & ! wid] horizons t might h await$ x ) ! discov]y ( ! o!r cont95ts4 ,b ?is is an illusion2 "o ( ! _m illusions ( mat]ialism4 ,! limits t paganism _h rea*$ 9 ,europe 7 ! limits ( human exi/5ce2 at its be/ x _h only rea*$ ! same limits any:]e else4 ,! ,roman /oics did n ne$ any ,*9am5 to tea* !m /oicism4 ,! ,py?agoreans did n ne$ any ,h9dus to tea* !m ab\t recurr5ce or ! simple life or ! beauty ( be+ a veget>ian4 ,9 s f> z !y c\ld get ^! ?+s f ! ,ea/1 !y _h already got r too mu* ( !m f ! ,ea/4 ,! ,syncreti/s 7 z conv9c$ z ,!osophi/s t all religions are really ! same4 ,& h[ else c\ld !y h ext5d$ philosophy m]ely by ext5d+ geography8 ,x c h>dly be propos$ t !y %\ld le>n a pur] religion f ! ,aztecs or sit at ! feet ( ! ,incas ( ,p]u4 ,all ! re/ ( ! _w 0 a welt] ( b>b>ism4 ,x is ess5tial to recognise t ! ,roman ,empire 0 recognis$ z ! highe/ a*ievem5t ( ! human race2 & also z ! broade/4 ,a dreadful secret seem$ to be writt5 z 9 obscure hi]oglyphics across ^? mighty works ( m>ble & /one1 ^? colossal amphi!atres & aqu$ucts4 ,man c\ld d no m4 ,= x 0 n ! message blaz$ on ! ,babylonian wall1 t "o k+ 0 f\nd want+ or 8 "o k+dom giv5 to a /rang]4 ,x 0 no su* good news z ! news ( invasion & conque/4 ,!re 0 no?+ left t c\ld conqu] ,rome2 b !re 0 also no?+ left t c\ld improve x4 ,x 0 ! /ronge/ ?+ t 0 gr[+ weak4 ,x 0 ! be/ ?+ t 0 go+ to ! bad4 ,x is necess>y to insi/ aga9 & aga9 t _m civilisations _h met 9 "o civilisation ( ! ,m$it]ranean sea2 t x 0 already univ]sal ) a /ale & /]ile univ]sality4 ,! peoples _h pool$ _! res\rces & /ill !re 0 n en\gh4 ,! empires _h gone into p>tn]%ip & !y 7 /ill bankrupt4 ,no philosoph] :o 0 really philosophical c\ld ?9k any?+ except t1 9 t c5tral sea1 ! wave ( ! _w _h ris5 to its highe/1 seem+ to t\* ! />s4 ,b ! wave 0 already /oop+2 = x 0 only ! wave ( ! _w4 ,t my?ology & t philosophy into :i* paganism has already be5 analys$ _h ?us bo? ( !m be5 dra9$ mo/ lit]ally to ! dregs4 ,if ) ! multiplication ( magic ! ?ird dep>tm5t1 :i* we h call$ ! demons1 0 ev5 increas+ly active1 x 0 nev] any?+ b de/ructive4 ,!re rema9s only ! f\r? elem5t1 or r ! fir/2 t :i* _h be5 9 a s5se =gott5 because x 0 ! fir/4 ,i mean ! prim>y & ov]p[]+ yet impalpable impression t ! univ]se aft] all has "o orig9 & "o aim2 & because x has an aim mu/ h an au?or4 ,:at became ( ?is great tru? 9 ! backgr\nd ( m5's m9ds1 at ?is "t1 x is p]haps m difficult to det]m9e4 ,"s ( ! ,/oics und\bt$ly saw x m & m cle>ly z ! cl\ds ( my?ology cle>$ & ?9n$ away2 & great m5 among !m did mu* ev5 to ! la/ to lay ! f\ndations ( a concept ( ! moral unity ( ! _w4 ,! ,jews /ill held _! secret c]ta9ty ( x jeal\sly beh9d high f5ces ( exclusiv5ess2 yet x is int5sely *>act]i/ic ( ! society & ! situation t "s fa%ionable figures1 especially fa%ionable ladies1 actually embrac$ ,judaism4 ,b 9 ! case ( _m o!rs ,i fancy !re ent]$ at ?is po9t a new negation4 ,a!ism became really possible 9 t abnormal "t2 = a!ism is abnormality4 ,x is n m]ely ! d5ial ( a dogma4 ,x is ! rev]sal ( a subconsci\s assumption 9 ! s\l2 ! s5se t !re is a mean+ & a direction 9 ! _w x sees4 ,lucretius1 ! fir/ evolutioni/ :o endeav\r$ to sub/itute ,evolution = ,god1 _h already dangl$ be=e m5's eyes 8 dance ( glitt]+ atoms1 by :i* he conceiv$ cosmos z creat$ by *aos4 ,b x 0 n 8 /rong poetry or 8 sad philosophy1 z ,i fancy1 t made x possible = m5 to ent]ta9 su* a vision4 ,x 0 some?+ 9 ! s5se ( impot5ce & despair ) :i* m5 %ook _! fi/s va9ly at ! />s1 z !y saw all ! be/ "w ( humanity s9k+ sl[ly & helplessly into a swamp4 ,!y c\ld easily believe t ev5 creation itself 0 n a creation b a p]petual fall1 :5 !y saw t ! weightie/ & wor?ie/ ( all human creations 0 fall+ by its own weight4 ,!y c\ld fancy t all ! />s 7 fall+ />s2 & t ! v pill>s ( _! own solemn porticos 7 b[$ "u a sort ( gradual ,deluge4 ,to m5 9 t mood !re 0 a reason = a!ism t is 9 "s s5se reasonable4 ,my?ology might fade & philosophy might /iff52 b if beh9d ^! ?+s !re 0 a reality1 surely t reality might h su/a9$ ?+s z !y sank4 ,!re 0 no ,god2 if !re _h be5 a ,god1 surely ?is 0 ! v mom5t :5 ,he w\ld h mov$ & sav$ ! _w4 ,! life ( ! great civilisation w5t on ) dre>y indu/ry & ev5 ) dre>y fe/ivity4 ,x 0 ! end ( ! _w1 & ! wor/ ( x 0 t x ne$ nev] end4 ,a conv5i5t compromise _h be5 made betwe5 all ! multitud9\s my?s & religions ( ! ,empire2 t ea* gr\p %\ld wor%ip freely & m]ely give a sort ( (ficial fl\ri% ( ?anks to ! tol]ant ,emp]or1 by toss+ a little inc5se to him "u 8 (ficial title ( ,divus4 ,naturally !re 0 no difficulty ab\t t2 or r x 0 a long "t be=e ! _w realis$ t !re ev] _h be5 ev5 a trivial difficulty any:]e4 ,! memb]s ( "s ea/]n sect or secret society or o!r seem$ to h made a sc5e some:]e2 nobody c\ld imag9e :y4 ,! incid5t occurr$ once or twice aga9 & began to ar\se irritation out ( proportion to its insignificance4 ,x 0 n exactly :at ^! prov9cials said2 ?\gh ( c\rse x s\nd$ que] en\gh4 ,!y seem$ to be say+ t ,god 0 dead & t !y !mselves _h se5 him die4 ,?is might be "o ( ! _m manias produc$ by ! despair ( ! age2 only !y did n seem p>ticul>ly despair+4 ,!y seem q unnaturally joyful ab\t x1 & gave ! reason t ! dea? ( ,god _h all[$ !m to eat him & dr9k 8 blood4 ,accord+ to o!r acc\nts ,god 0 n exactly dead aft] all2 !re trail$ ?r\gh ! bewild]$ imag9ation "s sort ( fanta/ic procession ( ! fun]al ( ,god1 at :i* ! sun turn$ black1 b :i* end$ ) ! dead omnipot5ce break+ out ( ! tomb & ris+ aga9 l ! sun4 ,b x 0 n ! /range /ory to :i* anybody paid any p>ticul> att5tion2 p 9 t _w _h se5 que] religions en\gh to fill a madh\se4 ,x 0 some?+ 9 ! tone ( ! madm5 & _! type ( =mation4 ,!y 7 a scrat* company ( b>b>ians & slaves & poor & unimportant p2 b _! =mation 0 milit>y2 !y mov$ toge!r & 7 v absolute ab\t :o & :at 0 really a "p ( _! little sy/em2 & ab\t :at !y said1 h[ev] mildly1 !re 0 a r+ l iron4 ,m5 us$ to _m my?ologies & moralities c\ld make no analysis ( ! my/]y1 except ! curi\s conjecture t !y meant :at !y said4 ,all attempts to make !m see reason 9 ! p]fectly simple matt] ( ! ,emp]or's /atue seem$ to be spok5 to deaf m54 ,x 0 z if a new meteoric metal _h fall5 on ! e>?2 x 0 a diff]5ce ( sub/ance to ! t\*4 ,^? :o t\*$ _! f\ndation fanci$ !y _h /ruck a rock4 ,) a /range rapidity1 l ! *anges ( a dream1 ! proportions ( ?+s seem$ to *ange 9 _! pres5ce4 ,be=e mo/ m5 knew :at _h happ5$1 ^! few m5 7 palpably pres5t4 ,!y 7 important en\gh to be ignor$4 ,p became sudd5ly sil5t ab\t !m & walk$ /iffly pa/ !m4 ,we see a new sc5e1 9 :i* ! _w has drawn its skirts away f ^! m5 & wom5 & !y /& 9 ! c5tre ( a great space l lep]s4 ,! sc5e *anges aga9 & ! great space :]e !y /& is ov]hung on e side ) a cl\d ( witnesses1 int]m9able t]races full ( faces look+ d[n t[>ds !m int5tly2 = /range ?+s are happ5+ to !m4 ,new tortures h be5 inv5t$ = ! madm5 :o h br\ght good news4 ,t sad & we>y society seems almo/ to f9d a new en]gy 9 e/abli%+ its fir/ religi\s p]secution4 ,nobody yet kn[s v cle>ly :y t level _w has ?us lo/ its balance ab\t ! p 9 its mid/2 b !y /& unnaturally /ill :ile ! ar5a & ! _w seem to revolve r\nd !m4 ,& !re %one on !m 9 t d>k h\r a light t has nev] be5 d>k5$2 a :ite fire cl++ to t gr\p l an une>?ly phosphoresc5ce1 blaz+ its track ?r\gh ! twilights ( hi/ory & conf\nd+ e ef=t to conf\nd x ) ! mi/s ( my?ology & !ory2 t %aft ( light or lightn+ by :i* ! _w itself has /ruck & isolat$ & cr[n$ x2 by :i* its own enemies h made x m illu/ri\s & its own critics h made x m inexplicable2 ! halo ( hatr$ ar\nd ! ,*ur* ( ,god4 ,,"p ,,ii ,,on ,,! ,,man ,,call$ ,,*ri/ ,,*apt] ,i ,,! ,,god ,,9 ,,! ,,cave ,?is sket* ( ! human /ory began 9 a cave2 ! cave :i* popul> sci5ce associates ) ! cave-man & 9 :i* practical discov]y has really f\nd ar*aic draw+s ( animals4 ,! second half ( human hi/ory1 :i* 0 l a new creation ( ! _w1 also beg9s 9 a cave4 ,!re is ev5 a %ad[ ( su* a fancy 9 ! fact t animals 7 aga9 pres5t2 = x 0 a cave us$ z a /able by ! m\nta9e]s ( ! upl&s ab\t ,be?lehem2 :o /ill drive _! cattle into su* holes & cav]ns at night4 ,x 0 "h t a homeless c\ple _h crept und]gr\nd ) ! cattle :5 ! doors ( ! cr[d$ c>avans]ai _h be5 %ut 9 _! faces2 & x 0 "h b5ea? ! v feet ( ! pass]sby1 9 a cell> "u ! v floor ( ! _w1 t ,jesus ,*ri/ 0 born4 ,b 9 t second creation !re 0 inde$ some?+ symbolical 9 ! roots ( ! primeval rock or ! horns ( ! prehi/oric h]d4 ,god also 0 a ,cave-,man1 & _h also trac$ /range %apes ( creatures1 curi\sly col\r$1 ^u ! wall ( ! _w2 b ! pictures t he made _h come to life4 ,a mass ( leg5d & lit]ature1 :i* increases & w nev] end1 has repeat$ & rung ! *anges on t s+le p>adox2 t ! h&s t _h made ! sun & />s 7 too small to rea* ! huge heads ( ! cattle4 ,^u ?is p>adox1 we might almo/ say ^u ?is je/1 all ! lit]ature ( our fai? is f\nd$4 ,x is at lea/ l a je/ 9 ?is1 t x is some?+ :i* ! sci5tific critic _c see4 ,he labori\sly expla9s ! difficulty :i* we h always defiantly & almo/ d]isively exagg]at$2 & mildly condemns z improbable some?+ t we h almo/ madly exalt$ z incr$ible2 z some?+ t w\ld be mu* too good to be true1 except t x is true4 ,:5 t contra/ betwe5 ! cosmic creation & ! little local infancy has be5 repeat$1 reit]at$1 und]l9$1 emphasis$1 exult$ 91 sung1 %\t$1 ro>$1 n to say h[l$1 9 a hundr$ ?\s& hymns1 c>ols1 rhymes1 rituals1 pictures1 poems1 & popul> s]mons1 x may be sugge/$ t we h>dly ne$ a high] critic to draw our att5tion to some?+ a little odd ab\t x2 especially "o ( ! sort t seems to take a long "t to see a joke1 ev5 8 own joke4 ,b ab\t ?is contra/ & comb9ation ( ideas "o ?+ may be said "h1 because x is relevant to ! :ole !sis ( ?is book4 ,! sort ( mod]n critic ( :om ,i speak is g5]ally mu* impress$ ) ! importance ( education 9 life & ! importance ( psy*ology 9 education4 ,t sort ( man is nev] tir$ ( tell+ u t fir/ impressions fix "* by ! law ( causation2 & he w become q n]v\s if a *ild's visual s5se is poison$ by ! wrong col\rs on a golliwog or 8 n]v\s sy/em prematurely %ak5 by a cacophon\s rattle4 ,yet he w ?9k u v n>r[-m9d$ if we say t ?is is exactly :y !re really is a diff]5ce betwe5 be+ br\ght up z a ,*ri/ian & be+ br\ght up z a ,jew or a ,moslem or an a!i/4 ,! diff]5ce is t e ,ca?olic *ild has le>n$ f pictures1 & ev5 e ,prote/ant *ild f /ories1 ?is incr$ible comb9ation ( contra/$ ideas z "o ( ! v fir/ impressions on 8 m9d4 ,x is n m]ely a !ological diff]5ce4 ,x is a psy*ological diff]5ce :i* c outla/ any !ologies4 ,x really is1 z t sort ( sci5ti/ loves to say ab\t any?+1 incurable4 ,any agno/ic or a!i/ ^: *ildhood has kn[n a real ,*ri/mas has ev] aft]w>ds1 :e!r he likes x or n1 an association 9 8 m9d betwe5 two ideas t mo/ ( mank9d mu/ reg>d z remote f ea* o!r2 ! idea ( a baby & ! idea ( unkn[n /r5g? t su/a9s ! />s4 ,8 in/9cts & imag9ation c /ill connect !m1 :5 8 reason c no long] see ! ne$ ( ! connection2 = him !re w always be "s sav\r ( religion ab\t ! m]e picture ( a "m & a baby2 "s h9t ( m]cy & s(t5+ ab\t ! m]e m5tion ( ! dreadful "n ( ,god4 ,b ! two ideas are n naturally or necess>ily comb9$4 ,!y w\ld n be necess>ily comb9$ = an anci5t ,greek or a ,*9aman1 ev5 = ,ari/otle or ,confucius4 ,x is no m inevitable to connect ,god ) an infant ?an to connect gravitation ) a kitt54 ,x has be5 creat$ 9 our m9ds by ,*ri/mas because we are ,*ri/ians2 because we are psy*ological ,*ri/ians ev5 :5 we are n !ological ones4 ,9 o!r words1 ?is comb9ation ( ideas has emphatically1 9 ! mu* disput$ phrase1 alt]$ human nature4 ,!re is really a diff]5ce betwe5 ! man :o kn[s x & ! man :o does n4 ,x may n be a diff]5ce ( moral wor?1 = ! ,moslem or ! ,jew might be wor?i] accord+ to 8 lights2 b x is a pla9 fact ab\t ! cross+ ( two p>ticul> lights1 ! conjunction ( two />s 9 our p>ticul> horoscope4 ,omnipot5ce & impot5ce1 or div9ity & infancy1 d def9itely make a sort ( epigram :i* a million repetitions _c turn into a platitude4 ,x is n unreasonable to call x unique4 ,be?lehem is emphatically a place :]e extremes meet4 ,"h beg9s1 x is ne$less to say1 ano!r mighty influ5ce = ! humanisation ( ,*ri/5dom4 ,if ! _w want$ :at is call$ a non-controv]sial aspect ( ,*ri/ianity1 x w\ld probably select ,*ri/mas4 ,yet x is obvi\sly b\nd up ) :at is suppos$ to be a controv]sial aspect 7,i c\ld nev] at any /age ( my op9ions imag9e :y72 ! respect paid to ! ,bless$ ,virg94 ,:5 ,i 0 a boy a m ,puritan g5]ation object$ to a /atue ^u a p>i% *ur* repres5t+ ! ,virg9 & ,*ild4 ,aft] mu* controv]sy1 !y compromis$ by tak+ away ! ,*ild4 ,"o w\ld ?9k t ?is 0 ev5 m corrupt$ ) ,m>iolatry1 unless ! "m 0 c\nt$ less dang]\s :5 depriv$ ( a sort ( weapon4 ,b ! practical difficulty is also a p>able4 ,y _c *ip away ! /atue ( a "m f all r\nd t ( a new-born *ild4 ,y _c susp5d ! new-born *ild 9 mid-air2 inde$ y _c really h a /atue ( a new-born *ild at all4 ,simil>ly1 y _c susp5d ! idea ( a new-born *ild 9 ! void or ?9k ( him )\t ?9k+ ( 8 "m4 ,y _c visit ! *ild )\t visit+ ! "m2 y _c 9 common human life approa* ! *ild except ?r\gh ! "m4 ,if we are to ?9k ( ,*ri/ 9 ?is aspect at all1 ! o!r idea foll[s z x is foll[$ 9 hi/ory4 ,we mu/ ei!r leave ,*ri/ out ( ,*ri/mas1 or ,*ri/mas out ( ,*ri/1 or we mu/ admit1 if only z we admit x 9 an old picture1 t ^? holy heads are too ne> toge!r = ! haloes n to m+le & cross4 ,x might be sugge/$1 9 a some:at viol5t image1 t no?+ _h happ5$ 9 t fold or crack 9 ! great grey hills except t ! :ole univ]se _h be5 turn$ inside out4 ,i mean t all ! eyes ( wond] & wor%ip :i* _h be5 turn$ outw>ds to ! l>ge/ ?+ 7 n[ turn$ inw>d to ! smalle/4 ,! v image w sugge/ all t multitud9\s m>vel ( conv]g+ eyes t makes s mu* ( ! col\r$ ,ca?olic imag]y l a peacock's tail4 ,b x is true 9 a s5se t ,god :o _h be5 only a circumf]5ce 0 se5 z a c5tre2 & a c5tre is inf9itely small4 ,x is true t ! spiritual spiral h5ce=w>d works inw>ds in/ead ( outw>ds1 & 9 t s5se is c5tripetal & n c5trifugal4 ,! fai? becomes1 9 m ways ?an "o1 a religion ( little ?+s4 ,b its traditions 9 art & lit]ature & popul> fable h q suffici5tly atte/$1 z has be5 said1 ?is p>ticul> p>adox ( ! div9e be+ 9 ! cradle4 ,p]haps !y h n s cle>ly emphasis$ ! significance ( ! div9e be+ 9 ! cave4 ,curi\sly en\gh1 inde$1 tradition has n v cle>ly emphasis$ ! cave4 ,x is a famili> fact t ! ,be?lehem sc5e has be5 repres5t$ 9 e possible sett+ ( "t & c\ntry1 ( l&scape & ar*itecture2 & x is a :olly happy & admirable fact t m5 h conceiv$ x z q diff]5t accord+ to _! diff]5t individual traditions & ta/es4 ,b :ile all h realis$ t x 0 a /able1 n s _m h realis$ t x 0 a cave4 ,"s critics h ev5 be5 s silly z to suppose t !re 0 "s contradiction betwe5 ! /able & ! cave2 9 :i* case !y _c "k mu* ab\t caves or /ables 9 ,pale/9e4 ,z !y see diff]5ces t are n !re1 x is ne$less to add t !y d n see diff]5ces t are !re4 ,:5 a well-kn[n critic says1 = in/ance1 t ,*ri/ be+ born 9 a rocky cav]n is l ,mi?ras hav+ sprung alive out ( a rock1 x s\nds l a p>ody ^u comp>ative religion4 ,!re is su* a ?+ z ! po9t ( a /ory1 ev5 if x is a /ory 9 ! s5se ( a lie4 ,& ! notion ( a h]o appe>+1 l ,pallas f ! bra9 ( ,zeus1 mature & )\t a "m1 is obvi\sly ! v opposite ( ! idea ( a god be+ born l an ord9>y baby & entirely dep5d5t on a "m4 ,:i*ev] ideal we might pref]1 we %\ld surely see t !y are contr>y ideals4 ,x is z /upid to connect !m because !y bo? conta9 a sub/ance call$ /one z to id5tify ! puni%m5t ( ! ,deluge ) ! baptism 9 ! ,jordan because !y bo? conta9 a sub/ance call$ wat]4 ,:e!r z a my? or a my/]y1 ,*ri/ 0 obvi\sly conceiv$ z born 9 a hole 9 ! rocks prim>ily because x m>k$ ! position ( "o outca/ & homeless4 ,nev]!less x is true1 z ,i h said1 t ! cave has n be5 s commonly or s cle>ly us$ z a symbol z ! o!r realities t surr\nd$ ! fir/ ,*ri/mas4 ,& ! reason = ?is also ref]s to ! v nature ( t new _w4 ,x 0 9 a s5se ! difficulty ( a new dim5sion4 ,*ri/ 0 n only born on ! level ( ! _w1 b ev5 l[] ?an ! _w4 ,! fir/ act ( ! div9e drama 0 enact$1 n only on no /age set up above ! sightse]1 b on a d>k & curta9$ /age sunk5 out ( sight2 & t is an idea v difficult to express 9 mo/ modes ( arti/ic expression4 ,x is ! idea ( simultane\s happ5+s on diff]5t levels ( life4 ,some?+ l x might h be5 attempt$ 9 ! m ar*aic & decorative m$ieval art4 ,b ! m ! arti/s le>n$ ( realism & p]spective1 ! less !y c\ld depict at once ! angels 9 ! heav5s & ! %eph]ds on ! hills1 & ! glory 9 ! d>kness t 0 "u ! hills4 ,p]haps x c\ld h be5 be/ convey$ by ! *>act]i/ic exp$i5t ( "s ( ! m$ieval guilds1 :5 !y :eel$ ab\t ! /reets a !atre ) ?ree /ages "o above ! o!r1 ) heav5 above ! e>? & hell "u ! e>?4 ,b 9 ! riddle ( ,be?lehem x 0 heav5 t 0 "u ! e>?4 ,!re is 9 t alone ! t\* ( a revolution1 z ( ! _w turn$ upside d[n4 ,x w\ld be va9 to attempt to say any?+ adequate1 or any?+ new1 ab\t ! *ange :i* ?is conception ( a deity born l an outca/ or ev5 an outlaw _h ^u ! :ole conception ( law & its duties to ! poor & outca/4 ,x is pr(\ndly true to say t aft] t mom5t !re c\ld be no slaves4 ,!re c\ld be & 7 p be>+ t legal title until ! ,*ur* 0 /rong en\gh to we$ !m out1 b !re c\ld be no m ( ! pagan repose 9 ! m]e advantage to ! /ate ( keep+ x a s]vile /ate4 ,individuals became important1 9 a s5se 9 :i* no in/rum5ts c be important4 ,a man c\ld n be a means to an end1 at any rate to any o!r man's end4 ,all ?is popul> & frat]nal elem5t 9 ! /ory has be5 rightly atta*$ by tradition to ! episode ( ! ,%eph]ds2 ! h9ds :o f\nd !mselves talk+ face to face ) ! pr9ces ( heav54 ,b !re is ano!r aspect ( ! popul> elem5t z repres5t$ by ! %eph]ds :i* has n p]haps be5 s fully develop$2 & :i* is m directly relevant "h4 ,m5 ( ! p1 l ! %eph]ds1 m5 ( ! popul> tradition1 _h ev]y:]e be5 ! mak]s ( ! my?ologies4 ,x 0 !y :o _h felt mo/ directly1 ) lea/ *eck or *ill f philosophy or ! corrupt cults ( civilisation1 ! ne$ we h already consid]$2 ! images t 7 adv5tures ( ! imag9ation2 ! my?ology t 0 a sort ( se>*2 ! tempt+ & tantalis+ h9ts ( some?+ half-human 9 nature2 ! dumb significance ( seasons & special places4 ,!y _h be/ und]/ood t ! s\l ( a l&scape is a /ory & ! s\l ( a /ory is a p]sonality4 ,b rationalism _h already begun to rot away ^! really irrational ?\gh imag9ative treasures ( ! peasant2 ev5 z sy/ematic slav]y _h eat5 ! peasant out ( h\se & home4 ,^u all su* peasantries ev]y:]e !re 0 desc5d+ a dusk & twilight ( disappo9tm5t1 9 ! h\r :5 ^! few m5 discov]$ :at !y s\ght4 ,ev]y:]e else ,arcadia 0 fad+ f ! =e/4 ,pan 0 dead & ! %eph]ds 7 scatt]$ l %eep4 ,& ?\gh no man knew x1 ! h\r 0 ne> :i* 0 to end & to fulfil all ?+s2 & ?\gh no man he>d x1 !re 0 "o f>-(f cry 9 an unkn[n tongue ^u ! heav+ wild]ness ( ! m\nta9s4 ,! %eph]ds _h f\nd _! ,%eph]d4 ,& ! ?+ !y f\nd 0 ( a k9d ) ! ?+s !y s\ght4 ,! populace _h be5 wrong 9 _m ?+s2 b !y _h n be5 wrong 9 believ+ t holy ?+s c\ld h a habitation & t div9ity ne$ n disda9 ! limits ( "t & space4 ,& ! b>b>ian :o conceiv$ ! crude/ fancy ab\t ! sun be+ /ol5 & hidd5 9 a box1 or ! wilde/ my? ab\t ! god be+ rescu$ & 8 enemy deceiv$ ) a /one1 0 ne>] to ! secret ( ! cave & knew m ab\t ! crisis ( ! _w ?an all ^? 9 ! circle ( cities r\nd ! ,m$it]ranean :o _h become cont5t ) cold ab/ractions or cosmopolitan g5]alisations2 ?an all ^? :o 7 sp9n+ ?9n] & ?9n] ?reads ( ?\ght out ( ! transc5d5talism ( ,plato or ! ori5talism ( ,py?agoras4 ,! place t ! %eph]ds f\nd 0 n an academy or an ab/ract republic2 x 0 n a place ( my?s allegoris$ or dissect$ or expla9$ or expla9$ away4 ,x 0 a place ( dreams come true4 ,s9ce t h\r no my?ologies h be5 made 9 ! _w4 ,my?ology is a se>*4 ,we all "k t ! popul> pres5tation ( ?is popul> /ory1 9 s _m miracle plays & c>ols1 has giv5 to ! %eph]ds ! co/ume1 ! language1 & ! l&scape ( ! sep>ate ,engli% & ,european c\ntrysides4 ,we all "k t "o %eph]d w talk 9 a ,som]set dialect or ano!r talk ( driv+ 8 %eep f ,conway t[>ds ! ,clyde4 ,mo/ ( u "k by ?is "t h[ true is t error1 h[ wise1 h[ arti/ic1 h[ int5sely ,*ri/ian & ,ca?olic is t ana*ronism4 ,b "s :o h se5 x 9 ^! sc5es ( m$ieval ru/icity h p]haps n se5 x 9 ano!r sort ( poetry1 :i* x is sometimes ! fa%ion to call artificial r ?an arti/ic4 ,i fe> t _m mod]n critics w see only a fad$ classicism 9 ! fact t m5 l ,cra%aw & ,h]rick conceiv$ ! %eph]ds ( ,be?lehem "u ! =m ( ! %eph]ds ( ,virgil4 ,yet !y 7 pr(\ndly "r2 & 9 turn+ _! ,be?lehem play into a ,lat9 ,eclogue !y took up "o ( ! mo/ important l9ks 9 human hi/ory4 ,virgil1 z we h already se51 does /& = all t san] hea!nism t _h ov]?r[n ! insane hea!nism ( human sacrifice2 b ! v fact t ev5 ! ,virgilian virtues & ! sane hea!nism 7 9 incurable decay is ! :ole problem to :i* ! revelation to ! %eph]ds is ! solution4 ,if ! _w _h ev] _h ! *ance to gr[ we>y ( be+ demoniac1 x might h be5 heal$ m]ely by becom+ sane4 ,b if x _h gr[n we>y ev5 ( be+ sane1 :at 0 to happ5 except :at did happ58 ,nor is x false to conceive ! ,arcadian %eph]d ( ! ,eclogues z rejoic+ 9 :at did happ54 ,"o ( ! ,eclogues has ev5 be5 claim$ z a prophecy ( :at did happ54 ,b x is q z mu* 9 ! tone & incid5tal diction ( ! great poet t we feel ! pot5tial sympa?y ) ! great ev5t2 & ev5 9 _! own human phrases ! voices ( ! ,virgilian %eph]ds might m ?an once h brok5 ^u m ?an ! t5d]ness ( ,italy4444 ,incipe1 p>ve pu]1 risu cognosc]e matrem4444 ,!y might h f\nd 9 t /range place all t 0 be/ 9 ! la/ traditions ( ! ,lat9s2 & some?+ bett] ?an a wood5 idol /&+ up = ev] = ! pill> ( ! human family2 a ,h\sehold ,god4 ,b !y & all ! o!r my?ologi/s w\ld be ju/ifi$ 9 rejoic+ t ! ev5t _h fulfill$ n m]ely ! my/icism b ! mat]ialism ( my?ology4 ,my?ology _h _m s9s2 b x _h n be5 wrong 9 be+ z c>nal z ! ,inc>nation4 ,) some?+ ( ! anci5t voice t 0 suppos$ to h rung ?r\gh ! groves1 x c\ld cry aga91 #8,we h se51 he ha? se5 u1 a visible god4' ,s ! anci5t %eph]ds might h danc$1 & _! feet h be5 beautiful ^u ! m\nta9s1 rejoic+ ov] ! philosoph]s4 ,b ! philosoph]s _h also he>d4 ,x is /ill a /range /ory1 ?\gh an old "o1 h[ !y came out ( ori5t l&s1 cr[n$ ) ! maje/y ( k+s & clo!d ) some?+ ( ! my/]y ( magicians4 ,t tru? t is tradition has wisely rememb]$ !m almo/ z unkn[n quantities1 z my/]i\s z _! my/]i\s & melodi\s names3 ,mel*ior1 ,casp>1 ,bal?az>4 ,b !re came ) !m all t _w ( wisdom t _h wat*$ ! />s 9 ,*aldea & ! sun 9 ,p]sia2 & we %all n be wrong if we see 9 !m ! same curiosity t moves all ! sages4 ,!y w\ld /& = ! same human ideal if _! names _h really be5 ,confucius or ,py?agoras or ,plato4 ,!y 7 ^? :o s\ght n tales b ! tru? ( ?+s2 & s9ce _! ?ir/ = tru? 0 itself a ?ir/ = ,god1 !y also h _h _! rew>d4 ,b ev5 9 ord] to und]/& t rew>d1 we mu/ und]/& t = philosophy z mu* z my?ology1 t rew>d 0 ! completion ( ! incomplete4 ,su* le>n$ m5 w\ld d\btless h come1 z ^! le>n$ m5 did come1 to f9d !mselves confirm$ 9 mu* t 0 true 9 _! own traditions & "r 9 _! own reason+4 ,confucius w\ld h f\nd a new f\ndation = ! family 9 ! v rev]sal ( ! ,holy ,family2 ,buddha w\ld h look$ ^u a new r5unciation1 ( />s r ?an jewels & div9ity ?an royalty4 ,^! le>n$ m5 w\ld /ill h ! "r to say1 or r a new "r to say1 t !re 0 tru? 9 _! old tea*+4 ,b1 aft] all1 ^! le>n$ m5 w\ld h come to le>n4 ,!y w\ld h come to complete _! conceptions ) some?+ !y _h n yet conceiv$2 ev5 to balance _! imp]fect univ]se ) some?+ !y might once h contradict$4 ,buddha w\ld h come f 8 imp]sonal p>adise to wor%ip a p]son4 ,confucius w\ld h come f 8 temples ( ance/or-wor%ip to wor%ip a *ild4 ,we mu/ grasp f ! fir/ ?is "* 9 ! new cosmos3 t x 0 l>g] ?an ! old cosmos4 ,9 t s5se ,*ri/5dom is l>g] ?an creation2 z creation _h be5 be=e ,*ri/4 ,x includ$ ?+s t _h n be5 !re2 x also includ$ ! ?+s t _h be5 !re4 ,! po9t happ5s to be well illu/rat$ 9 ?is example ( ,*9ese piety1 b x w\ld be true ( o!r pagan virtues or pagan beliefs4 ,nobody c d\bt t a reasonable respect = p>5ts is "p ( a gospel 9 :i* ,god himself 0 subject 9 *ildhood to e>?ly p>5ts4 ,b ! o!r s5se 9 :i* ! p>5ts 7 subject to him does introduce an idea t is n ,confucian4 ,! infant ,*ri/ is n l ! infant ,confucius2 our my/icism conceives him 9 an immortal infancy4 ,i d n "k :at ,confucius w\ld h done ) ! ,bamb9o1 _h x come to life 9 8 arms z x did 9 ! arms ( ,/4 ,francis4 ,b ?is is true 9 relation to all ! o!r religions & philosophies2 x is ! *all5ge ( ! ,*ur*4 ,! ,*ur* conta9s :at ! _w does n conta94 ,life itself does n provide z %e does = all sides ( life4 ,t e o!r s+le sy/em is n>r[ & insuffici5t comp>$ to ?is "o2 t is n a rhetorical boa/2 x is a real fact & a real dilemma4 ,:]e is ! ,holy ,*ild amid ! ,/oics & ! ance/or-wor%ipp]s8 ,:]e is ,our ,lady ( ! ,moslems1 a woman made = no man & set above all angels8 ,:]e is ,/4 ,mi*ael ( ! monks ( ,buddha1 rid] & ma/] ( ! trumpets1 gu>d+ = e soldi] ! hon\r ( ! sword8 ,:at c\ld ,/4 ,?omas ,aqu9as d ) ! my?ology ( ,brahm9ism1 he :o set =? all ! sci5ce & rationality & ev5 rationalism ( ,*ri/ianity8 ,yet ev5 if we comp>e ,aqu9as ) ,ari/otle1 at ! o!r extreme ( reason1 we %all f9d ! same s5se ( some?+ add$4 ,aqu9as c\ld und]/& ! mo/ logical p>ts ( ,ari/otle2 x is d\btful if ,ari/otle c\ld h und]/ood ! mo/ my/ical p>ts ( ,aqu9as4 ,ev5 :]e we c h>dly call ! ,*ri/ian great]1 we are =c$ to call him l>g]4 ,b x is s to :atev] philosophy or h]esy or mod]n movem5t we may turn4 ,h[ w\ld ,francis ! ,tr\bad\r h f>$ among ! ,calv9i/s1 or = t matt] among ! ,utilit>ians ( ! ,man*e/] ,s*ool8 ,yet m5 l ,bossuet & ,pascal c\ld be z /]n & logical z any ,calv9i/ or ,utilit>ian4 ,h[ w\ld ,/4 ,joan ( ,arc1 a woman wav+ on m5 to w> ) ! sword1 h f>$ among ! ,quak]s or ! ,d\khabors or ! ,tol/oyan sect ( pacifi/s8 ,yet any numb] ( ,ca?olic sa9ts h sp5t _! lives 9 prea*+ peace & prev5t+ w>s4 ,x is ! same ) all ! mod]n attempts at ,syncretism4 ,!y are nev] able to make some?+ l>g] ?an ! ,cre$ )\t leav+ some?+ out4 ,i d n mean leav+ out some?+ div9e b some?+ human2 ! flag or ! inn or ! boy's tale ( battle or ! h$ge at ! end ( ! field4 ,! ,!osophi/s build a pan!on2 b x is only a pan!on = pan!i/s4 ,!y call a ,p>liam5t ( ,religions z a reunion ( all ! peoples2 b x is only a reunion ( all ! prigs4 ,yet exactly su* a pan!on _h be5 set up two ?\s& ye>s be=e by ! %ores ( ! ,m$it]ranean2 & ,*ri/ians 7 invit$ to set up ! image ( ,jesus side by side ) ! image ( ,jupit]1 ( ,mi?ras1 ( ,osiris1 ( ,atys1 or ( ,ammon4 ,x 0 ! refusal ( ! ,*ri/ians t 0 ! turn+-po9t ( hi/ory4 ,if ! ,*ri/ians _h accept$1 !y & ! :ole _w w\ld h c]ta9ly1 9 a grotesque b exact metaphor1 gone to pot4 ,!y w\ld all h be5 boil$ d[n to "o lukew>m liquid 9 t great pot ( cosmopolitan corruption 9 :i* all ! o!r my?s & my/]ies 7 already melt+4 ,x 0 an awful & an appall+ escape4 ,nobody und]/&s ! nature ( ! ,*ur*1 or ! r++ note ( ! cre$ desc5d+ f antiquity1 :o does n realise t ! :ole _w once v ne>ly di$ ( broadm9d$ness & ! bro!rhood ( all religions4 ,"h x is ! important po9t t ! ,magi1 :o /& = my/icism & philosophy1 are truly conceiv$ z seek+ some?+ new & ev5 z f9d+ some?+ unexpect$4 ,t t5se s5se ( crisis :i* /ill t+les 9 ! ,*ri/mas /ory1 & ev5 9 e ,*ri/mas celebration1 acc5tuates ! idea ( a se>* & a discov]y4 ,! discov]y is1 9 ?is case1 truly a sci5tific discov]y4 ,= ! o!r my/ical figures 9 ! miracle play1 = ! angel & ! "m1 ! %eph]ds & ! soldi]s ( ,h]od1 !re may be aspects bo? simpl] & m sup]natural1 m elem5tal or m emotional4 ,b ! ,wise ,m5 mu/ be seek+ wisdom2 & = !m !re mu/ be a light also 9 ! intellect4 ,& ?is is ! light3 t ! ,ca?olic cre$ is ca?olic & t no?+ else is ca?olic4 ,! philosophy ( ! ,*ur* is univ]sal4 ,! philosophy ( ! philosoph]s 0 n univ]sal4 ,_h ,plato & ,py?agoras & ,ari/otle /ood = an in/ant 9 ! light t came out ( t little cave1 !y w\ld h kn[n t _! own light 0 n univ]sal4 ,x is f> f c]ta91 inde$1 t !y did n "k x already4 ,philosophy also1 l my?ology1 _h v mu* ! air ( a se>*4 ,x is ! realisation ( ?is tru? t gives its traditional maje/y & my/]y to ! figures ( ! ,?ree ,k+s2 ! discov]y t religion is broad] ?an philosophy & t ?is is ! broade/ ( religions1 conta9$ )9 ?is n>r[ space4 ,! ,magicians 7 gaz+ at ! /range p5tacle ) ! human triangle rev]s$2 & !y h nev] come to ! end ( _! calculations ab\t x4 ,= x is ! p>adox ( t gr\p 9 ! cave1 t :ile our emotions ab\t x are ( *ildi% simplicity1 our ?\ghts ab\t x c bran* ) a nev]-end+ complexity4 ,& we c nev] rea* ! end ev5 ( our own ideas ab\t ! *ild :o 0 a fa!r & ! "m :o 0 a *ild4 ,we might well be cont5t to say t my?ology _h come ) ! %eph]ds & philosophy ) ! philosoph]s2 & t x only rema9$ = !m to comb9e 9 ! recognisation ( religion4 ,b !re 0 a ?ird elem5t t mu/ n be ignor$ & "o :i* t religion = ev] refuses to ignore1 9 any revel or reconciliation4 ,!re 0 pres5t 9 ! prim>y sc5es ( ! drama t ,enemy t _h rott$ ! leg5ds ) lu/ & froz5 ! !ories into a!ism1 b :i* answ]$ ! direct *all5ge ) some?+ ( t m direct me?od :i* we h se5 9 ! consci\s cult ( ! demons4 ,9 ! description ( t demon-wor%ip1 ( ! dev\r+ dete/ation ( innoc5ce %[n 9 ! works ( its wit*craft & ! mo/ inhuman ( its human sacrifice1 ,i h said less ( its indirect & secret p5etration ( ! san] paganism2 ! soak+ ( my?ological imag9ation ) sex2 ! rise ( imp]ial pride into insanity4 ,b bo? ! indirect & ! direct influ5ce make !mselves felt 9 ! drama ( ,be?lehem4 ,a rul] "u ! ,roman suz]a9ty1 probably equipp$ & surr\nd$ ) ! ,roman ornam5t & ord] ?\gh himself ( ea/]n blood1 seems 9 t h\r to h felt /irr+ )9 him ! _s ( /range ?+s4 ,we all "k ! /ory ( h[ ,h]od1 al>m$ at "s rum\r ( a my/]i\s rival1 rememb]$ ! wild ge/ure ( ! caprici\s despots ( ,asia & ord]$ a massacre ( suspects ( ! new g5]ation ( ! populace4 ,e "o kn[s ! /ory2 b n e "o has p]haps not$ its place 9 ! /ory ( ! /range religions ( m54 ,n ev]ybody has se5 ! significance ev5 ( its v contra/ ) ! ,cor9?ian columns & ,roman pavem5t ( t conqu]$ & sup]ficially civilis$ _w4 ,only1 z ! purpose 9 8 d>k _s began to %[ & %9e 9 ! eyes ( ! ,idumean1 a se] might p]haps h se5 some?+ l a great grey gho/ t look$ ov] 8 %\ld]2 h se5 beh9d him1 fill+ ! dome ( night & hov]+ = ! la/ "t ov] hi/ory1 t va/ & fe>ful face t 0 ,molo* ( ! ,c>?ag9ians2 await+ 8 la/ tribute f a rul] ( ! races ( ,%em4 ,! demons also1 9 t fir/ fe/ival ( ,*ri/mas1 fea/$ aft] _! own fa%ion4 ,unless we und]/& ! pres5ce ( t ,enemy1 we %all n only miss ! po9t ( ,*ri/ianity1 b ev5 miss ! po9t ( ,*ri/mas4 ,*ri/mas = u 9 ,*ri/5dom has become "o ?+1 & 9 "o s5se ev5 a simple ?+4 ,b1 l all ! tru?s ( t tradition1 x is 9 ano!r s5se a v complex ?+4 ,its unique note is ! simultane\s /rik+ ( _m notes2 ( humility1 ( gaiety1 ( gratitude1 ( my/ical fe>1 b also ( vigilance & ( drama4 ,x is n only an occasion = ! peacemak]s any m ?an = ! m]rymak]s2 x is n only a ,h9du peace conf]5ce any m ?an x is only a ,sc&9avian w9t] fea/4 ,!re is some?+ defiant 9 x also2 some?+ t makes ! abrupt bells at midnight s\nd l ! great guns ( a battle t has j be5 won4 ,all ?is indescribable ?+ t we call ! ,*ri/mas atmosph]e only hangs 9 ! air z some?+ l a l+]+ fragrance or fad+ vap\r f ! exultant explosion ( t "o h\r 9 ! ,judean hills ne>ly two ?\s& ye>s ago4 ,b ! sav\r is /ill unmi/akable1 & x is some?+ too subtle or too solit>y to be cov]$ by our use ( ! ^w peace4 ,by ! v nature ( ! /ory ! rejoic+s 9 ! cav]n 7 rejoic+s 9 a =tress or an outlaw's d52 prop]ly und]/ood x is n unduly flippant to say !y 7 rejoic+s 9 a dug-out4 ,x is n only true t su* a subt]ranean *amb] 0 a hid+-place f enemies2 & t ! enemies 7 already sc\r+ ! /ony pla9 t lay above x l a sky4 ,x is n only t ! v horse-ho(s ( ,h]od might 9 t s5se h pass$ l ?und] ov] ! sunk5 head ( ,*ri/4 ,x is also t !re is 9 t image a true idea ( an outpo/1 ( a pi]c+ ?r\gh ! rock & an entrance into an enemy t]ritory4 ,!re is 9 ?is buri$ div9ity an idea ( und]m9+ ! _w2 ( %ak+ ! t[]s & palaces f bel[2 ev5 z ,h]od ! great k+ felt t e>?quake "u him & sway$ ) 8 sway+ palace4 ,t is p]haps ! mightie/ ( ! my/]ies ( ! cave4 ,x is already app>5t t ?\gh m5 are said to h look$ = hell "u ! e>?1 9 ?is case x is r heav5 t is "u ! e>?4 ,& !re foll[s 9 ?is /range /ory ! idea ( an upheaval ( heav54 ,t is ! p>adox ( ! :ole position2 t h5ce=? ! highe/ ?+ c only "w f bel[4 ,royalty c only return to its own by a sort ( rebellion4 ,inde$ ! ,*ur* f its beg9n+s1 & p]haps especially 9 its beg9n+s1 0 n s mu* a pr9cipality z a revolution aga9/ ! pr9ce ( ! _w4 ,?is s5se t ! _w _h be5 conqu]$ by ! great usurp]1 & 0 9 8 possession1 has be5 mu* deplor$ or d]id$ by ^? optimi/s :o id5tify enlight5m5t ) ease4 ,b x 0 responsible = all t ?rill ( defiance & a beautiful dang] t made ! good news seem to be really bo? good & new4 ,x 0 9 tru? aga9/ a huge unconsci\s usurpation t x rais$ a revolt1 & orig9ally s obscure a revolt4 ,olympus /ill occupi$ ! sky l a motionless cl\d m\ld$ into _m mighty =ms2 philosophy /ill sat 9 ! high places & ev5 on ! ?rones ( ! k+s1 :5 ,*ri/ 0 born 9 ! cave & ,*ri/ianity 9 ! catacombs4 ,9 bo? cases we may rem>k ! same p>adox ( revolution2 ! s5se ( some?+ despis$ & ( some?+ fe>$4 ,! cave 9 "o aspect is only a hole or corn] into :i* ! outca/s are swept l rubbi%2 yet 9 ! o!r aspect x is a hid+-place ( some?+ valuable :i* ! tyrants are seek+ l treasure4 ,9 "o s5se !y are !re because ! innkeep] w\ld n ev5 rememb] !m1 & 9 ano!r because ! k+ c nev] =get !m4 ,we h already not$ t ?is p>adox appe>$ also 9 ! treatm5t ( ! e>ly ,*ur*4 ,x 0 important :ile x 0 /ill insignificant1 & c]ta9ly :ile x 0 /ill impot5t4 ,x 0 important solely because x 0 intol]able2 & 9 t s5se x is true to say t x 0 intol]able because x 0 intol]ant4 ,x 0 res5t$1 because1 9 its own /ill & almo/ secret way1 x _h decl>$ w>4 ,x _h ris5 out ( ! gr\nd to wreck ! heav5 & e>? ( hea!nism4 ,x did n try to de/roy all t creation ( gold & m>ble2 b x contemplat$ a _w )\t x4 ,x d>$ to look "r ?r\gh x z ?\gh ! gold & m>ble _h be5 glass4 ,^? :o *>g$ ! ,*ri/ians ) burn+ d[n ,rome ) firebr&s 7 sl&]]s2 b !y 7 at lea/ f> ne>] to ! nature ( ,*ri/ianity ?an ^? among ! mod]ns :o tell u t ! ,*ri/ians 7 a sort ( e?ical society1 be+ m>tyr$ 9 a languid fa%ion = tell+ m5 !y _h a duty to _! neighb\rs1 & only mildly dislik$ because !y 7 meek & mild4 ,h]od _h 8 place1 !re=e1 9 ! miracle play ( ,be?lehem because he is ! m5ace to ! ,*ur* ,militant & %[s x f ! fir/ z "u p]secution & fight+ = its life4 ,= ^? :o ?9k ?is a discord1 x is a discord t s\nds simultane\sly ) ! ,*ri/mas bells4 ,= ^? :o ?9k ! idea ( ! ,crusade is "o t spoils ! idea ( ! ,cross1 we c only say t = !m ! idea ( ! ,cross is spoil$2 ! idea ( ! ,cross is spoil$ q lit]ally 9 ! ,cradle4 ,x is n "h to ! purpose to argue ) !m on ! ab/ract e?ics ( fight+2 ! purpose 9 ?is place is m]ely to sum up ! comb9ation ( ideas t make up ! ,*ri/ian & ,ca?olic idea1 & to note t all ( !m are already cry/allis$ 9 ! fir/ ,*ri/mas /ory4 ,!y are ?ree di/9ct & commonly contra/$ ?+s :i* are nev]!less "o ?+2 b ?is is ! only ?+ :i* c make !m "o4 ,! fir/ is ! human in/9ct = a heav5 t %all be z lit]al & almo/ z local z a home4 ,x is ! idea pursu$ by all poets & pagans mak+ my?s2 t a p>ticul> place mu/ be ! %r9e ( ! god or ! abode ( ! ble/2 t fairyl& is a l&2 or t ! return ( ! gho/ mu/ be ! resurrection ( ! body4 ,i d n "h reason ab\t ! refusal ( rationalism to satisfy ?is ne$4 ,i only say t if ! rationali/s refuse to satisfy x1 ! pagans w n be satisfi$4 ,?is is pres5t 9 ! /ory ( ,be?lehem & ,j]usalem z x is pres5t 9 ! /ory ( ,delos & ,delphi2 & z x is n pres5t 9 ! :ole univ]se ( ,lucretius or ! :ole univ]se ( ,h]b]t ,sp5c]4 ,! second elem5t is a philosophy l>g] ?an o!r philosophies2 l>g] ?an t ( ,lucretius & inf9itely l>g] ?an t ( ,h]b]t ,sp5c]4 ,x looks at ! _w ?r\gh a hundr$ w9d[s :]e ! anci5t /oic or ! mod]n agno/ic only looks ?r\gh "o4 ,x sees life ) ?\s&s ( eyes belong+ to ?\s&s ( diff]5t sorts ( p1 :]e ! o!r is only ! individual /&po9t ( a /oic or an agno/ic4 ,x has some?+ = all moods ( man1 x f9ds "w = all k9ds ( m51 x und]/&s secrets ( psy*ology1 x is aw>e ( dep?s ( evil1 x is able to di/+ui% betwe5 real & unreal m>vels & miracul\s exceptions1 x tra9s itself 9 tact ab\t h>d cases1 all ) a multiplicity & subtlety & imag9ation ab\t ! v>ieties ( life :i* is f> beyond ! bald or breezy platitudes ( mo/ anci5t or mod]n moral philosophy4 ,9 a ^w1 !re is m 9 x2 x f9ds m 9 exi/5ce to ?9k ab\t2 x gets m out ( life4 ,masses ( ?is mat]ial ab\t our _m-sid$ life h be5 add$ s9ce ! "t ( ,/4 ,?omas ,aqu9as4 ,b ,/4 ,?omas ,aqu9as alone w\ld h f\nd himself limit$ 9 ! _w ( ,confucius or ( ,comte4 ,& ! ?ird po9t is ?is3 t :ile x is local en\gh = poetry & l>g] ?an any o!r philosophy1 x is also a *all5ge & a fight4 ,:ile x is delib]ately broad5$ to embrace e aspect ( tru?1 x is /ill /iffly embattl$ aga9/ e mode ( error4 ,x gets e k9d ( man to fight = x1 x gets e k9d ( weapon to fight )1 x wid5s its k ( ! ?+s t are f\ght = & aga9/ ) e art ( curiosity or sympa?y2 b x nev] =gets t x is fight+4 ,x proclaims peace on e>? & nev] =gets :y !re 0 w> 9 heav54 ,?is is ! tr9ity ( tru?s symbolis$ "h by ! ?ree types 9 ! old ,*ri/mas /ory3 ! %eph]ds & ! k+s & t o!r k+ :o w>r$ ^u ! *ildr54 ,x is simply n true to say t o!r religions & philosophies are 9 ?is respect its rivals4 ,x is n true to say t any "o ( !m comb9es ^! *>act]s2 x is n true to say t any "o ( !m pret5ds to comb9e !m4 ,buddhism may pr(ess to be equally my/ical2 x does n ev5 pr(ess to be equally milit>y4 ,islam may pr(ess to be equally milit>y2 x does n ev5 pr(ess to be equally metaphysical & subtle4 ,confucianism may pr(ess to satisfy ! ne$ ( ! philosoph]s = ord] & reason2 x does n ev5 pr(ess to satisfy ! ne$ ( ! my/ics = miracle & sacram5t & ! consecration ( concrete ?+s4 ,!re are _m evid5ces ( ?is pres5ce ( a _s at once univ]sal & unique4 ,"o w s]ve "h :i* is ! symbol ( ! subject ( ?is *apt]2 t no o!r /ory1 no pagan leg5d or philosophical anecdote or hi/orical ev5t1 does 9 fact affect any ( u ) t peculi> & ev5 poignant impression produc$ on u by ! ^w ,be?lehem4 ,no o!r bir? ( a god or *ildhood ( a sage seems to u to be ,*ri/mas or any?+ l ,*ri/mas4 ,x is ei!r too cold or too frivol\s1 or too =mal & classical1 or too simple & savage1 or too occult & complicat$4 ,n "o ( u1 :atev] 8 op9ions1 w\ld ev] g to su* a sc5e ) ! s5se t he 0 go+ home4 ,he might admire x because x 0 poetical1 or because x 0 philosophical1 or any numb] ( o!r ?+s 9 sep>ation2 b n because x 0 itself4 ,! tru? is t !re is a q peculi> & individual "* ab\t ! hold ( ?is /ory on human nature2 x is n 9 its psy*ological sub/ance at all l a m]e leg5d or ! life ( a great man4 ,x does n exactly 9 ! ord9>y s5se turn our m9ds to greatness2 to ^? ext5sions & exagg]ations ( humanity :i* are turn$ into gods & h]oes1 ev5 by ! heal?ie/ sort ( h]o-wor%ip4 ,x does n exactly "w outw>ds1 adv5tur\sly1 to ! wond]s to be f\nd at ! ends ( ! e>?4 ,x is r some?+ t surprises u f beh9d1 f ! hidd5 & p]sonal "p ( our be+2 l t :i* c sometimes take u (f our gu>d 9 ! pa?os ( small objects or ! bl9d pieties ( ! poor4 ,x is r z if a man _h f\nd an inn] room 9 ! v he>t ( 8 own h\se :i* he _h nev] suspect$2 & se5 a light f )94 ,x is z if he f\nd some?+ at ! back ( 8 own he>t t betray$ him into good4 ,x is n made ( :at ! _w w\ld call /rong mat]ials2 or r x is made ( mat]ials ^: /r5g? is 9 t w+$ levity ) :i* !y bru% u & pass4 ,x is all t is 9 u b a brief t5d]ness t is !re made et]nal2 all t means no m ?an a mom5t>y s(t5+ t is 9 "s /range fa%ion become a /r5g!n+ & a repose2 x is ! brok5 spee* & ! lo/ ^w t are made positive & susp5d$ unbrok52 z ! /range k+s fade into a f> c\ntry & ! m\nta9s res\nd no m ) ! feet ( ! %eph]ds2 & only ! night & ! cav]n lie 9 fold ^u fold ov] some?+ m human ?an humanity4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,! ,,riddles ,,( ,,! ,,gospel ,to und]/& ! nature ( ?is *apt]1 x is necess>y to recur to ! nature ( ?is book4 ,! argum5t :i* is meant to be ! backbone ( ! book is ( ! k9d call$ ! r$uctio ad absurdum4 ,x sugge/s t ! results ( assum+ ! rationali/ !sis are m irrational ?an ours2 b to prove x we mu/ assume t !sis4 ,?us 9 ! fir/ section ,i (t5 treat$ man z m]ely an animal1 to %[ t ! effect 0 m impossible ?an if he 7 treat$ z an angel4 ,9 ! s5se 9 :i* x 0 necess>y to treat man m]ely z an animal1 x is necess>y to treat ,*ri/ m]ely z a man4 ,i h to susp5d my own beliefs1 :i* are mu* m positive2 & assume ?is limitation ev5 9 ord] to remove x4 ,i mu/ try to imag9e :at w\ld happ5 to a man :o did really read ! /ory ( ,*ri/ z ! /ory ( a man2 & ev5 ( a man ( :om he _h nev] he>d be=e4 ,& ,i wi% to po9t out t a really imp>tial read+ ( t k9d w\ld lead1 if n imm$iately to belief1 at lea/ to a bewild]m5t ( :i* !re is really no solution except 9 belief4 ,9 ?is *apt]1 = ?is reason1 ,i %all br+ 9 no?+ ( ! _s ( my own cre$2 ,i %all exclude ! v /yle ( diction1 & ev5 ( lett]+1 :i* ,i %\ld ?9k fitt+ 9 speak+ 9 my own p]son4 ,i am speak+ z an imag9>y hea!n human be+1 hone/ly />+ at ! ,gospel /ory = ! fir/ "t4 ,n[ x is n at all easy to reg>d ! ,new ,te/am5t z a ,new ,te/am5t4 ,x is n at all easy to realise ! good news z new4 ,bo? = good & evil famili>ity fills u ) assumptions & associations2 & no man ( our civilisation1 :atev] he ?9ks ( our religion1 c really read ! ?+ z if he _h nev] he>d ( x be=e4 ,( c\rse x is 9 any case utt]ly unhi/orical to talk z if ! ,new ,te/am5t 7 a neatly b\nd book t _h fall5 f heav54 ,x is simply ! selection made by ! au?ority ( ! ,*ur* f a mass ( e>ly ,*ri/ian lit]ature4 ,b ap>t f any su* "q1 !re is a psy*ological difficulty 9 feel+ ! ,new ,te/am5t z new4 ,!re is a psy*ological difficulty 9 see+ ^? well-kn[n words simply z !y /& & )\t go+ beyond :at !y intr9sically /& =4 ,& ?is difficulty mu/ inde$ be v great2 = ! result ( x is v curi\s4 ,! result ( x is t mo/ mod]n critics & mo/ curr5t criticism1 ev5 popul> criticism1 makes a comm5t t is ! exact rev]se ( ! tru?4 ,x is s completely ! rev]se ( ! tru? t "o c\ld almo/ suspect t !y _h nev] read ! ,new ,te/am5t at all4 ,we h all he>d p say a hundr$ times ov]1 = !y seem nev] to tire ( say+ x1 t ! ,jesus ( ! ,new ,te/am5t is inde$ a mo/ m]ciful & humane lov] ( humanity1 b t ! ,*ur* has hidd5 ?is human "* 9 repell5t dogmas & /iff5$ x ) ecclesia/ical t]rors till x has tak5 on an inhuman "*4 ,?is is1 ,i v5ture to repeat1 v ne>ly ! rev]se ( ! tru?4 ,! tru? is t x is ! image ( ,*ri/ 9 ! *ur*es t is almo/ entirely mild & m]ciful4 ,x is ! image ( ,*ri/ 9 ! ,gospels t is a good _m o!r ?+s z well4 ,! figure 9 ! ,gospels does inde$ utt] 9 words ( almo/ he>t-break+ beauty 8 pity = our brok5 he>ts4 ,b !y are v f> f be+ ! only sort ( words t he utt]s4 ,nev]!less !y are almo/ ! only k9d ( words t ! ,*ur* 9 its popul> imag]y ev] repres5ts him z utt]+4 ,t popul> imag]y is inspir$ by a p]fectly s\nd popul> in/9ct4 ,! mass ( ! poor are brok51 & ! mass ( ! p are poor1 & = ! mass ( mank9d ! ma9 ?+ is to c>ry ! conviction ( ! incr$ible compassion ( ,god4 ,b nobody ) 8 eyes op5 c d\bt t x is *iefly ?is idea ( compassion t ! popul> ma*9]y ( ! ,*ur* does seek to c>ry4 ,! popul> imag]y c>ries a great deal to excess ! s5tim5t ( #8,g5tle ,jesus1 meek & mild4' ,x is ! fir/ ?+ t ! outsid] feels & criticises 9 a ,piet or a %r9e ( ! ,sacr$ ,he>t4 ,z ,i say1 :ile ! art may be insuffici5t1 ,i am n sure t ! in/9ct is uns\nd4 ,9 any case !re is some?+ appall+1 some?+ t makes ! blood run cold1 9 ! idea ( hav+ a /atue ( ,*ri/ 9 wra?4 ,!re is some?+ insupportable ev5 to ! imag9ation 9 ! idea ( turn+ ! corn] ( a /reet or com+ out into ! spaces ( a m>ket-place to meet ! petrify+ petrifaction ( t figure z x turn$ ^u a g5]ation ( vip]s1 or t face z x look$ at ! face ( a hypocrite4 ,! ,*ur* c reasonably be ju/ifi$ !re=e if %e turns ! mo/ m]ciful face or aspect t[>ds m52 b x is c]ta9ly ! mo/ m]ciful aspect t %e does turn4 ,& ! po9t is "h t x is v mu* m specially & exclusively m]ciful ?an any impression t c\ld be =m$ by a man m]ely read+ ! ,new ,te/am5t = ! fir/ "t4 ,a man simply tak+ ! words ( ! /ory z !y /& w\ld =m q ano!r impression2 an impression full ( my/]y & possibly ( inconsi/5cy2 b c]ta9ly n m]ely an impression ( mildness4 ,x w\ld be int5sely int]e/+2 b "p ( ! int]e/ w\ld consi/ 9 its leav+ a good deal to be guess$ at or expla9$4 ,x is full ( sudd5 ge/ures evid5tly significant except t we h>dly "k :at !y signify2 ( enigmatic sil5ces2 ( ironical replies4 ,! outbreaks ( wra?1 l /orms above our atmosph]e1 d n seem to break out exactly :]e we %\ld expect !m1 b to foll[ "s high] wea!r-*>t ( _! own4 ,! ,pet] :om popul> ,*ur* tea*+ pres5ts is v rightly ! ,pet] to :om ,*ri/ said 9 =giv5ess1 #8,fe$ my lambs4' ,he is n ! ,pet] ^u :om ,*ri/ turn$ z if he 7 ! devil1 cry+ 9 t obscure wra?1 #8,get !e beh9d me1 ,satan4' ,*ri/ lam5t$ ) no?+ b love & pity ov] ,j]usalem :i* 0 to murd] him4 ,we d n "k :at /range spiritual atmosph]e or spiritual insight l$ him to s9k ,be?saida l[] 9 ! pit ?an ,sodom4 ,i am putt+ aside = ! mom5t all que/ions ( doctr9al inf]5ces or expositions1 or?odox or o!rwise2 ,i am simply imag9+ ! effect on a man's m9d if he did really d :at ^! critics are always talk+ ab\t do+2 if he did really read ! ,new ,te/am5t )\t ref]5ce to or?odoxy & ev5 )\t ref]5ce to doctr9e4 ,he w\ld f9d a numb] ( ?+s :i* fit 9 f> less ) ! curr5t unor?odoxy ?an !y d ) ! curr5t or?odoxy4 ,he w\ld f9d1 = in/ance1 t if !re are any descriptions t des]v$ to be call$ reali/ic1 !y are precisely ! descriptions ( ! sup]natural4 ,if !re is "o aspect ( ! ,new ,te/am5t ,jesus 9 :i* he may be said to pres5t himself em95tly z a practical p]son1 x is 9 ! aspect ( an exorci/4 ,!re is no?+ meek & mild1 !re is no?+ ev5 9 ! ord9>y s5se my/ical1 ab\t ! tone ( ! voice t says #8,hold ?y peace & come out ( him4' ,x is mu* m l ! tone ( a v bus9ess-l lion-tam] or a /rong-m9d$ doctor deal+ ) a homicidal maniac4 ,b ?is is only a side issue = ! sake ( illu/ration2 ,i am n n[ rais+ ^! controv]sies2 b consid]+ ! case ( ! imag9>y man f ! moon to :om ! ,new ,te/am5t is new4 ,n[ ! fir/ ?+ to note is t if we take x m]ely z a human /ory1 x is 9 "s ways a v /range /ory4 ,i d n ref] "h to its trem5d\s & tragic culm9ation or to any implications involv+ triumph 9 t trag$y4 ,i d n ref] to :at is commonly call$ ! miracul\s elem5t2 = on t po9t philosophies v>y & mod]n philosophies v decid$ly wav]4 ,inde$ ! educat$ ,engli%man ( to-day may be said to h pass$ f an old fa%ion1 9 :i* he w\ld n believe 9 any miracles unless !y 7 anci5t1 & adopt$ a new fa%ion 9 :i* he w n believe 9 any miracles unless !y are mod]n4 ,he us$ to hold t miracul\s cures /opp$ ) ! fir/ ,*ri/ians & is n[ incl9$ to suspect t !y began ) ! fir/ ,*ri/ian ,sci5ti/s4 ,b ,i ref] "h r specially to unmiracul\s & ev5 to unnotic$ & inconspicu\s p>ts ( ! /ory4 ,!re are a great _m ?+s ab\t x :i* nobody w\ld h inv5t$1 = !y are ?+s t nobody has ev] made any p>ticul> use (2 ?+s :i* if !y 7 rem>k$ at all h rema9$ r z puzzles4 ,= in/ance1 !re is t long /ret* ( sil5ce 9 ! life ( ,*ri/ up to ! age ( ?irty4 ,x is ( all sil5ces ! mo/ imm5se & imag9atively impressive4 ,b x is n ! sort ( ?+ t anybody is p>ticul>ly likely to inv5t 9 ord] to prove some?+2 & nobody s f> z ,i "k has ev] tri$ to prove any?+ 9 p>ticul> f x4 ,x is impressive1 b x is only impressive z a fact2 !re is no?+ p>ticul>ly popul> or obvi\s ab\t x z a fable4 ,! ord9>y tr5d ( h]o-wor%ip & my?-mak+ is mu* m likely to say ! precise opposite4 ,x is mu* m likely to say 7z ,i believe "s ( ! gospels reject$ by ! ,*ur* d say7 t ,jesus display$ a div9e precocity & began 8 mission at a miracul\sly e>ly age4 ,& !re is inde$ some?+ /range 9 ! ?\ght t he :o ( all humanity ne$$ lea/ prep>ation seems to h _h mo/4 ,:e!r x 0 "s mode ( ! div9e humility1 or "s tru? ( :i* we see ! %ad[ 9 ! long] dome/ic tutelage ( ! high] creatures ( ! e>?1 ,i d n propose to speculate2 ,i m5tion x simply z an example ( ! sort ( ?+ t does 9 any case give rise to speculations1 q ap>t f recognis$ religi\s speculations4 ,n[ ! :ole /ory is full ( ^! ?+s4 ,x is n by any means1 z baldly pres5t$ 9 pr9t1 a /ory t x is easy to get to ! bottom (4 ,x is any?+ b :at ^! p talk ( z a simple ,gospel4 ,relatively speak+1 x is ! ,gospel t has ! my/icism & ! ,*ur* t has ! rationalism4 ,z ,i %\ld put x1 ( c\rse1 x is ! ,gospel t is ! riddle & ! ,*ur* t is ! answ]4 ,b :atev] be ! answ]1 ! ,gospel z x /&s is almo/ a book ( riddles4 ,fir/1 a man read+ ! ,gospel say+s w\ld n f9d platitudes4 ,if he _h read ev5 9 ! mo/ respectful _s ! majority ( anci5t philosoph]s & ( mod]n morali/s1 he w\ld appreciate ! unique importance ( say+ t he did n f9d platitudes4 ,x is m ?an c be said ev5 ( ,plato4 ,x is mu* m ?an c be said ( ,epictetus or ,s5eca or ,m>cus ,aurelius or ,apollonius ( ,tyana4 ,& x is immeasurably m ?an c be said ( mo/ ( ! agno/ic morali/s & ! prea*]s ( ! e?ical societies2 ) _! songs ( s]vice & _! religion ( bro!rhood4 ,! morality ( mo/ morali/s1 anci5t & mod]n1 has be5 "o solid & poli%$ cat>act ( platitudes fl[+ = ev] & ev]4 ,t w\ld c]ta9ly n be ! impression ( ! imag9>y indep5d5t outsid] /udy+ ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,he w\ld be consci\s ( no?+ s commonplace & 9 a s5se ( no?+ s cont9u\s z t /ream4 ,he w\ld f9d a numb] ( /range claims t might s\nd l ! claim to be ! bro!r ( ! sun & moon2 a numb] ( v />tl+ pieces ( advice2 a numb] ( /unn+ rebukes2 a numb] ( /rangely beautiful /ories4 ,he w\ld see "s v gigantesque figures ( spee* ab\t ! impossibility ( ?read+ a ne$le ) a camel or ! possibility ( ?r[+ a m\nta9 into ! sea4 ,he w\ld see a numb] ( v d>+ simplifications ( ! difficulties ( life2 l ! advice to %9e ^u ev]ybody indiff]5tly z does ! sun%9e or n to worry ab\t ! future any m ?an ! birds4 ,he w\ld f9d on ! o!r h& "s passages ( almo/ imp5etrable d>kness1 s f> z he is conc]n$1 su* z ! moral ( ! p>able ( ! ,unju/ ,/ew>d4 ,"s ( ^! ?+s might /rike him z fables & "s z tru?s2 b none z truisms4 ,= in/ance1 he w\ld n f9d ! ord9>y platitudes 9 fav\r ( peace4 ,he w\ld f9d sev]al p>adoxes 9 fav\r ( peace4 ,he w\ld f9d sev]al ideals ( non-resi/ance1 :i* tak5 z !y /& w\ld be r too pacific = any pacifi/4 ,he w\ld be told 9 "o passage to treat a robb] n ) passive resi/ance1 b r ) positive & en?usia/ic enc\ragem5t1 if ! t]ms be tak5 lit]ally2 heap+ up gifts ^u ! man :o _h /ol5 goods4 ,b he w\ld n f9d a ^w ( all t obvi\s rhetoric aga9/ w> :i* has fill$ c\ntless books & odes & orations2 n a ^w ab\t ! wick$ness ( w>1 ! wa/efulness ( w>1 ! appall+ scale ( ! slaught] 9 w> & all ! re/ ( ! famili> fr5zy2 inde$ n a ^w ab\t w> at all4 ,!re is no?+ t ?r[s any p>ticul> light on ,*ri/'s attitude t[>ds organis$ w>f>e1 except t he seems to h be5 r fond ( ,roman soldi]s4 ,inde$ x is ano!r p]plexity1 speak+ f ! same ext]nal & human /&po9t1 t he seems to h got on mu* bett] ) ,romans ?an he did ) ,jews4 ,b ! "q "h is a c]ta9 tone to be appreciat$ by m]ely read+ a c]ta9 text2 & we might give any numb] ( in/ances ( x4 ,! /atem5t t ! meek %all inh]it ! e>? is v f> f be+ a meek /atem5t4 ,i mean x is n meek 9 ! ord9>y s5se ( mild & mod]ate & in(f5sive4 ,to ju/ify x1 x w\ld be necess>y to g v deep into hi/ory & anticipate ?+s undream$ ( !n & by _m unrealis$ ev5 n[2 su* z ! way 9 :i* ! my/ical monks reclaim$ ! l&s :i* ! practical k+s _h lo/4 ,if x 0 a tru? at all1 x 0 because x 0 a prophecy4 ,b c]ta9ly x 0 n a tru? 9 ! s5se ( a truism4 ,! bless+ ^u ! meek w\ld seem to be a v viol5t /atem5t2 9 ! s5se ( do+ viol5ce to reason & probability4 ,& ) ?is we come to ano!r important /age 9 ! speculation4 ,z a prophecy x really 0 fulfill$2 b x 0 only fulfill$ long aft]w>ds4 ,! mona/]ies 7 ! mo/ practical & prosp]\s e/ates & exp]im5ts 9 recon/ruction aft] ! b>b>ic deluge2 ! meek did really inh]it ! e>?4 ,b nobody c\ld h kn[n any?+ ( ! sort at ! "t--unless inde$ !re 0 "o :o knew4 ,some?+ ( ! same ?+ may be said ab\t ! incid5t ( ,m>?a & ,m>y2 :i* has be5 int]pret$ 9 retrospect & f ! inside by ! my/ics ( ! ,*ri/ian contemplative life4 ,b x 0 n at all an obvi\s view ( x2 & mo/ morali/s1 anci5t & mod]n1 c\ld be tru/$ to make a ru% = ! obvi\s4 ,:at torr5ts ( ef=tless eloqu5ce w\ld h fl[$ f !m to swell any slight sup]iority on ! "p ( ,m>?a2 :at spl5did s]mons ab\t ! ,joy ( ,s]vice & ! ,gospel ( ,"w & ! ,_w ,left ,bett] ,?an ,we ,f\nd ,x1 & g5]ally all ! t5 ?\s& platitudes t c be utt]$ 9 fav\r ( tak+ tr\ble--by p :o ne$ take no tr\ble to utt] !m4 ,if 9 ,m>y ! my/ic & *ild ( love ,*ri/ 0 gu>d+ ! se$ ( some?+ m subtle1 :o 0 likely to und]/& x at ! "t8 ,nobody else c\ld h se5 ,cl>e & ,ca!r9e & ,t]esa %9+ above ! little ro( at ,be?any4 ,x is s 9 ano!r way ) t magnific5t m5ace ab\t br++ into ! _w a sword to sund] & divide4 ,nobody c\ld h guess$ !n ei!r h[ x c\ld be fulfill$ or h[ x c\ld be ju/ifi$4 ,inde$ "s free?9k]s are /ill s simple z to fall into ! trap & be %ock$ at a phrase s delib]ately defiant4 ,!y actually compla9 ( ! p>adox = n be+ a platitude4 ,b ! po9t "h is t if we c\ld read ! ,gospel reports z ?+s z new z newspap] reports1 !y w\ld puzzle u & p]haps t]rify u mu* m ?an ! same ?+s z develop$ by hi/orical ,*ri/ianity4 ,= in/ance2 ,*ri/ aft] a cle> allusion to ! eunu*s ( ea/]n c\rts1 said !re w\ld be eunu*s ( ! k+dom ( heav54 ,if ?is does n mean ! volunt>y en?usiasm ( virg9ity1 x c\ld only be made to mean some?+ mu* m unnatural or unc\?4 ,x is ! hi/orical religion t humanises x = u by exp]i5ce ( ,franciscans or ( ,si/]s ( ,m]cy4 ,! m]e /atem5t /&+ by itself might v well sugge/ a r dehumanis$ atmosph]e2 ! s9i/] & inhuman sil5ce ( ! ,asiatic h>em & divan4 ,?is is b "o in/ance out ( scores2 b ! moral is t ! ,*ri/ ( ! ,gospel might actually seem m /range & t]rible ?an ! ,*ri/ ( ! ,*ur*4 ,i am dwell+ on ! d>k or dazzl+ or defiant or my/]i\s side ( ! ,gospel words1 n because !y _h n obvi\sly a m obvi\s & popul> side1 b because ?is is ! answ] to a common criticism on a vital po9t4 ,! free?9k] frequ5tly says t ,jesus ( ,naz>e? 0 a man ( 8 "t1 ev5 if he 0 9 advance ( 8 "t2 & t we _c accept 8 e?ics z f9al = humanity4 ,! free?9k] !n goes on to criticise 8 e?ics1 say+ plausibly en\gh t m5 _c turn ! o!r *eek1 or t !y mu/ take ?\ght = ! morr[1 or t ! self-d5ial is too ascetic or ! monogamy too sev]e4 ,b ! ,zealots & ! ,legion>ies did n turn ! o!r *eek any m ?an we d1 if s mu*4 ,! ,jewi% trad]s & ,roman tax-ga!r]s took ?\ght = ! morr[ z mu* z we1 if n m4 ,we _c pret5d to be ab&on+ ! morality ( ! pa/ = "o m suit$ to ! pres5t4 ,x is c]ta9ly n ! morality ( ano!r age1 b x might be ( ano!r _w4 ,9 %ort1 we c say t ^! ideals are impossible 9 !mselves4 ,exactly :at we _c say is t !y are impossible = u4 ,!y are r notably m>k$ by a my/icism :i*1 if x be a sort ( madness1 w\ld always h /ruck ! same sort ( p z mad4 ,take1 = in/ance1 ! case ( m>riage & ! relations ( ! sexes4 ,x might v well h be5 true t a ,galilean tea*] taught ?+s natural to a ,galilean environm5t2 b x is n4 ,x might rationally be expect$ t a man 9 ! "t ( ,tib]ius w\ld h advanc$ a view condition$ by ! "t ( ,tib]ius2 b he did n4 ,:at he advanc$ 0 some?+ q diff]5t2 some?+ v difficult2 b some?+ no m difficult n[ ?an x 0 !n4 ,:51 = in/ance1 ,mahomet made 8 polygam\s compromise we may reasonably say t x 0 condition$ by a polygam\s society4 ,:5 he all[$ a man f\r wives he 0 really do+ some?+ suit$ to ! circum/ances1 :i* might h be5 less suit$ to o!r circum/ances4 ,nobody w pret5d t ! f\r wives 7 l ! f\r w9ds1 some?+ seem+ly a "p ( ! ord] ( nature2 nobody w say t ! figure f\r 0 writt5 = ev] 9 />s ^u ! sky4 ,b nei!r w any "o say t ! figure f\r is an inconceivable ideal2 t x is beyond ! p[] ( ! m9d ( man to c\nt up to f\r2 or to c\nt ! numb] ( 8 wives & see :e!r x am\nts to f\r4 ,x is a practical compromise c>ry+ ) x ! "* ( a p>ticul> society4 ,if ,mahomet _h be5 born 9 ,acton 9 ! n9ete5? c5tury1 we may well d\bt :e!r he w\ld in/antly h fill$ t suburb ) h>ems ( f\r wives apiece4 ,z he 0 born 9 ,arabia 9 ! six? c5tury1 he did 9 8 conjugal arrangem5ts sugge/ ! conditions ( ,arabia 9 ! six? c5tury4 ,b ,*ri/ 9 8 view ( m>riage does n 9 ! lea/ sugge/ ! conditions ( ,pale/9e 9 ! fir/ c5tury4 ,he does n sugge/ any?+ at all1 except ! sacram5tal view ( m>riage z develop$ long aft]w>ds by ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,x 0 q z difficult = p !n z = p n[4 ,x 0 mu* m puzzl+ to p !n ?an to p n[4 ,jews & ,romans & ,greeks did n believe1 & did n ev5 und]/& en\gh to disbelieve1 ! my/ical idea t ! man & ! woman _h become "o sacram5tal sub/ance4 ,we may ?9k x an incr$ible or impossible ideal2 b we _c ?9k x any m incr$ible or impossible ?an !y w\ld h ?\ght x4 ,9 o!r words1 :atev] else is true1 x is n true t ! controv]sy has be5 alt]$ by "t4 ,:atev] else is true1 x is emphatically n true t ! ideas ( ,jesus ( ,naz>e? 7 suitable to 8 "t1 b are no long] suitable to our "t4 ,exactly h[ suitable !y 7 to 8 "t is p]haps sugge/$ 9 ! end ( 8 /ory4 ,! same tru? might be /at$ 9 ano!r way by say+ t if ! /ory be reg>d$ z m]ely human & hi/orical1 x is extraord9>y h[ v little !re is 9 ! record$ words ( ,*ri/ t ties him at all to 8 own "t4 ,i d n mean ! details ( a p]iod1 :i* ev5 a man ( ! p]iod kn[s to be pass+4 ,i mean ! fundam5tals :i* ev5 ! wise/ man (t5 vaguely assumes to be et]nal4 ,= in/ance1 ,ari/otle 0 p]haps ! wise/ & mo/ wide-m9d$ man :o ev] liv$4 ,he f\nd$ himself entirely ^u fundam5tals1 :i* h be5 g5]ally f\nd to rema9 rational & solid ?r\gh all social & hi/orical *anges4 ,/ill1 he liv$ 9 a _w 9 :i* x 0 ?\ght z natural to h slaves z to h *ildr54 ,& !re=e he did p]mit himself a s]i\s recognition ( a diff]5ce betwe5 slaves & free m54 ,*ri/ z mu* z ,ari/otle liv$ 9 a _w t took slav]y = grant$4 ,he did n p>ticul>ly d5\nce slav]y4 ,he />t$ a movem5t t c\ld exi/ 9 a _w ) slav]y4 ,b he />t$ a movem5t t c\ld exi/ 9 a _w )\t slav]y4 ,he nev] us$ a phrase t made 8 philosophy dep5d ev5 ^u ! v exi/5ce ( ! social ord] 9 :i* he liv$4 ,he spoke z "o consci\s t ev]y?+ 0 ephem]al1 includ+ ! ?+s t ,ari/otle ?\ght et]nal4 ,by t "t ! ,roman ,empire _h come to be m]ely ! orbis t]r>um1 ano!r "n = ! _w4 ,b he nev] made 8 morality dep5d5t on ! exi/5ce ( ! ,roman ,empire or ev5 on ! exi/5ce ( ! _w4 #8,heav5 & e>? %all pass away2 b my words %all n pass away4' ,! tru? is t :5 critics h spok5 ( ! local limitations ( ! ,galilean1 x has always be5 a case ( ! local limitations ( ! critics4 ,he did und\bt$ly believe 9 c]ta9 ?+s t "o p>ticul> mod]n sect ( mat]iali/s d n believe4 ,b !y 7 n ?+s p>ticul>ly peculi> to 8 "t4 ,x w\ld be ne>] ! tru? to say t ! d5ial ( !m is q peculi> to our "t4 ,d\btless x w\ld be ne>] /ill to ! tru? to say m]ely t a c]ta9 solemn social importance1 9 ! m9ority disbeliev+ !m1 is peculi> to our "t4 ,he believ$1 = in/ance1 9 evil spirits or 9 ! psy*ic heal+ ( bodily ills2 b n because he 0 a ,galilean born "u ,augu/us4 ,x is absurd to say t a man believ$ ?+s because he 0 a ,galilean "u ,augu/us :5 he might h believ$ ! same ?+s if he _h be5 an ,egyptian "u ,tut5-kam5 or an ,indian "u ,g5gis ,khan4 ,b ) ?is g5]al "q ( ! philosophy ( diabolism or ( div9e miracles ,i deal else:]e4 ,x is en\gh to say t ! mat]iali/s h to prove ! impossibility ( miracles aga9/ ! te/imony ( all mank9d1 n aga9/ ! prejudices ( prov9cials 9 ,nor? ,pale/9e "u ! fir/ ,roman ,emp]ors4 ,:at !y h to prove1 = ! pres5t argum5t1 is ! pres5ce 9 ! ,gospels ( ^? p>ticul> prejudices ( ^? p>ticul> prov9cials4 ,&1 humanly speak+1 x is a/oni%+ h[ little !y c produce ev5 to make a beg9n+ ( prov+ x4 ,s x is 9 ?is case ( ! sacram5t ( m>riage4 ,we may n believe 9 sacram5ts1 z we may n believe 9 spirits1 b x is q cle> t ,*ri/ believ$ 9 ?is sacram5t 9 8 own way & n 9 any curr5t or contempor>y way4 ,he c]ta9ly did n get 8 argum5t aga9/ divorce f ! ,mosaic law or ! ,roman law or ! habits ( ! ,pale/9ian p4 ,x w\ld appe> to 8 critics !n exactly :at x appe>s to 8 critics n[2 an arbitr>y & transc5d5tal dogma com+ f n[h]e save 9 ! s5se t x came f him4 ,i am n at all conc]n$ "h to def5d t dogma2 ! po9t "h is t x is j z easy to def5d x n[ z x 0 to def5d x !n4 ,x is an ideal altoge!r outside "t2 difficult at any p]iod2 impossible at no p]iod4 ,9 o!r words1 if any "o says x is :at might be expect$ ( a man walk+ ab\t 9 t place at t p]iod1 we c q fairly answ] t x is mu* m l :at might be ! my/]i\s utt]ance ( a be+ beyond man1 if he walk$ alive among m54 ,i ma9ta9 !re=e t a man read+ ! ,new ,te/am5t frankly & fre%ly w\ld n get ! impression ( :at is n[ (t5 meant by a human ,*ri/4 ,! m]ely human ,*ri/ is a made-up figure1 a piece ( artificial selection1 l ! m]ely evolution>y man4 ,moreov] !re h be5 too _m ( ^! human ,*ri/s f\nd 9 ! same /ory1 j z !re h be5 too _m keys to my?ology f\nd 9 ! same /ories4 ,?ree or f\r sep>ate s*ools ( rationalism h work$ ov] ! gr\nd & produc$ ?ree or f\r equally rational explanations ( 8 life4 ,! fir/ rational explanation ( 8 life 0 t he nev] liv$4 ,& ?is 9 turn gave an opportunity = ?ree or f\r diff]5t explanations2 z t he 0 a sun-my? or a corn-my?1 or any o!r k9d ( my? t is also a monomania4 ,!n ! idea t he 0 a div9e be+ :o did n exi/ gave place to ! idea t he 0 a human be+ :o did exi/4 ,9 my y\? x 0 ! fa%ion to say t he 0 m]ely an e?ical tea*] 9 ! mann] ( ! ,ess5es1 :o _h app>5tly no?+ v mu* to say t ,hillel or a hundr$ o!r ,jews might n h said2 z t x is a k9dly ?+ to be k9d & an assi/ance to purification to be pure4 ,!n somebody said he 0 a madman ) a ,messianic delusion4 ,!n o!rs said he 0 inde$ an orig9al tea*] because he c>$ ab\t no?+ b ,socialism2 or 7z o!rs said7 ab\t no?+ b ,pacifism4 ,!n a m grimly sci5tific "* appe>$ :o said t ,jesus w\ld nev] h be5 he>d ( at all except = 8 prophecies ( ! end ( ! _w4 ,he 0 important m]ely z a ,mill5n>ian l ,dr4 ,cumm+2 & creat$ a prov9cial sc>e by ann\nc+ ! exact date ( ! crack ( doom4 ,among o!r v>iants on ! same !me 0 ! !ory t he 0 a spiritual heal] & no?+ else2 a view impli$ by ,*ri/ian ,sci5ce1 :i* has really to exp\nd a ,*ri/ianity )\t ! ,crucifixion 9 ord] to expla9 ! cur+ ( ,pet]'s wife's "m or ! daught] ( a c5turion4 ,!re is ano!r !ory t conc5trates entirely on ! bus9ess ( diabolism & :at x w\ld call ! contempor>y sup]/ition ab\t demoniacs2 z if ,*ri/1 l a "y deacon tak+ 8 fir/ ord]s1 _h got z f> z exorcism & nev] got any fur!r4 ,n[ ea* ( ^! explanations 9 itself seems to me s+ul>ly inadequate2 b tak5 toge!r !y d sugge/ some?+ ( ! v my/]y :i* !y miss4 ,!re mu/ surely h be5 some?+ n only my/]i\s b _m-sid$ ab\t ,*ri/ if s _m small] ,*ri/s c be c>v$ out ( him4 ,if ! ,*ri/ian ,sci5ti/ is satisfi$ ) him z a spiritual heal] & ! ,*ri/ian ,sociali/ is satisfi$ ) him z a social re=m]1 s satisfi$ t !y d n ev5 expect him to be any?+ else1 x looks z if he really cov]$ r m gr\nd ?an !y c\ld be expect$ to expect4 ,& x does seem to sugge/ t !re might be m ?an !y fancy 9 ^! o!r my/]i\s attributes ( ca/+ out devils or prophesy+ doom4 ,above all1 w\ld n su* a new read] ( ! ,new ,te/am5t /umble ov] some?+ t w\ld />tle him mu* m ?an x />tles u8 ,i h "h m ?an once attempt$ ! r impossible task ( rev]s+ "t & ! hi/oric me?od2 & 9 fancy look+ =w>d to ! facts1 in/ead ( backw>d ?r\gh ! memories4 ,s ,i h imag9$ ! mon/] t man might h seem$ at fir/ to ! m]e nature ar\nd him4 ,we %\ld h a worse %ock if we really imag9$ ! nature ( ,*ri/ nam$ = ! fir/ "t4 ,:at %\ld we feel at ! fir/ :isp] ( a c]ta9 sugge/ion ab\t a c]ta9 man8 ,c]ta9ly x is n = u to blame anybody :o %\ld f9d t fir/ wild :isp] m]ely impi\s & insane4 ,on ! contr>y1 /umbl+ on t rock ( sc&al is ! fir/ /ep4 ,/>k />+ incr$ulity is a f> m loyal tribute to t tru? ?an a mod]ni/ metaphysic t w\ld make x out m]ely a matt] ( degree4 ,x 7 bett] to r5d our robes ) a great cry aga9/ blasphemy1 l ,caiaphas 9 ! judgm5t1 or to lay hold ( ! man z a maniac possess$ ( devils l ! k9sm5 & ! cr[d1 r ?an to /& /upidly debat+ f9e %ades ( pan!ism 9 ! pres5ce ( s cata/rophic a claim4 ,!re is m ( ! wisdom t is "o ) surprise 9 any simple p]son1 full ( ! s5sitiv5ess ( simplicity1 :o %\ld expect ! grass to )] & ! birds to drop dead out ( ! air1 :5 a /roll+ c>p5t]'s appr5tice said calmly & almo/ c>elessly1 l "o look+ ov] 8 %\ld]3 #8,be=e ,abraham 01 ,i am4' ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,! ,,/range/ ,,/ory ,,9 ,,! ,,_w ,9 ! la/ *apt] ,i h delib]ately /ress$ :at seems to be n[adays a neglect$ side ( ! ,new ,te/am5t /ory1 b nobody w suppose1 ,i imag9e1 t x is meant to obscure t side t may truly be call$ human4 ,t ,*ri/ 0 & is ! mo/ m]ciful ( judges & ! mo/ sympa!tic ( fri5ds is a fact ( consid]ably m importance 9 our own private lives ?an 9 anybody's hi/orical speculations4 ,b ! purpose ( ?is book is to po9t out t some?+ unique has be5 swamp$ 9 *eap g5]alisations2 & = t purpose x is relevant to insi/ t ev5 :at 0 mo/ univ]sal 0 also mo/ orig9al4 ,= in/ance1 we might take a topic :i* really is sympa!tic to ! mod]n mood1 z ! ascetic vocations rec5tly ref]r$ to are n4 ,! exaltation ( *ildhood is some?+ :i* we d really und]/&2 b x 0 by no means a ?+ t 0 !n 9 t s5se und]/ood4 ,if we want$ an example ( ! orig9ality ( ! ,gospel1 we c\ld h>dly take a /rong] or m />tl+ "o4 ,ne>ly two ?\s& ye>s aft]w>ds we happ5 to f9d ourselves 9 a mood t does really feel ! my/ical *>m ( ! *ild2 we express x 9 romances & regrets ab\t *ildhood1 9 ,pet] ,pan or ,! ,*ild's ,g>d5 ( ,v]ses4 ,& we c say ( ! words ( ,*ri/ ) s angry an anti-,*ri/ian z ,sw9burne3-- #8,no sign t ev] 0 giv5 ,to fai?ful or fai?less eyes ,%[$ ev] beyond cl\ds riv5 ,s cle> a p>adise4 ,e>?'s cre$s may be sev5ty times sev5 ,& blood h defil$ ea* cre$1 ,b if su* be ! k+dom ( heav5 ,x mu/ be heav5 inde$4' ,b t p>adise 0 n cle> until ,*ri/ianity _h gradually cle>$ x4 ,! pagan _w1 z su*1 w\ld n h und]/ood any su* ?+ z a s]i\s sugge/ion t a *ild is high] or holi] ?an a man4 ,x w\ld h seem$ l ! sugge/ion t a tadpole is high] or holi] ?an a frog4 ,to ! m]ely rationali/ic m9d1 x w\ld s\nd l say+ t a bud mu/ be m beautiful ?an a fl[] or t an unripe apple mu/ be bett] ?an a ripe "o4 ,9 o!r words1 ?is mod]n feel+ is an entirely my/ical feel+4 ,x is q z my/ical z ! cult ( virg9ity2 9 fact x is ! cult ( virg9ity4 ,b pagan antiquity _h mu* m idea ( ! hol9ess ( ! virg9 ?an ( ! hol9ess ( ! *ild4 ,= v>i\s reasons we h come n[adays to v5]ate *ildr52 p]haps p>tly because we envy *ildr5 = /ill do+ :at m5 us$ to d2 su* z play simple games & enjoy fairy-tales4 ,ov] & above ?is1 h[ev]1 !re is a great deal ( real & subtle psy*ology 9 our appreciation ( *ildhood2 b if we turn x into a mod]n discov]y1 we mu/ once m admit t ! hi/orical ,jesus ( ,naz>e? _h already discov]$ x two ?\s& ye>s too soon4 ,!re 0 c]ta9ly no?+ 9 ! _w ar\nd him to help him to ! discov]y4 ,"h ,*ri/ 0 inde$ human2 b m human ?an a human be+ 0 !n likely to be4 ,pet] ,pan does n belong to ! _w ( ,pan b ! _w ( ,pet]4 ,ev5 9 ! matt] ( m]e lit]>y /yle1 if we suppose ourselves ?us suffici5tly deta*$ to look at x 9 t light1 !re is a curi\s quality to :i* no critic seems to h done ju/ice4 ,x _h among o!r ?+s a s+ul> air ( pil+ t[] ^u t[] by ! use ( ! a =tiori2 mak+ a pagoda ( degrees l ! sev5 heav5s4 ,i h already not$ t almo/ inv]t$ imag9ative vision :i* pictur$ ! impossible p5ance ( ! ,cities ( ! ,pla94 ,!re is p]haps no?+ s p]fect 9 all language or lit]ature z ! use ( ^! ?ree degrees 9 ! p>able ( ! lilies ( ! field2 9 :i* he seems fir/ to take "o small fl[] 9 8 h& & note its simplicity & ev5 its impot5ce2 !n sudd5ly exp&s x 9 flamboyant col\rs into all ! palaces & pavilions full ( a great "n 9 national leg5d & national glory2 & !n1 by yet a ?ird ov]turn1 %rivels x to no?+ once m ) a ge/ure z if fl++ x away '444 & if ,god s clo!s ! grass t to-day is & to-morr[ is ca/ into ! ov5--h[ mu* m4444' ,x is l ! build+ ( a good ,babel t[] by :ite magic 9 a mom5t & 9 ! movem5t ( a h&2 a t[] heav$ sudd5ly up to heav5 on ! top ( :i* c be se5 af> (f1 high] ?an we _h fanci$ possible1 ! figure ( man2 lift$ by ?ree inf9ities above all o!r ?+s1 on a />ry ladd] ( light logic & swift imag9ation4 ,m]ely 9 a lit]>y s5se x w\ld be m ( a ma/]piece ?an mo/ ( ! ma/]pieces 9 ! libr>ies2 yet x seems to h be5 utt]$ almo/ at r&om :ile a man might pull a fl[]4 ,b m]ely 9 a lit]>y s5se also1 ?is use ( ! comp>ative 9 sev]al degrees has ab\t x a quality :i* seems to me to h9t ( mu* high] ?+s ?an ! mod]n sugge/ion ( ! simple tea*+ ( pa/oral or communal e?ics4 ,!re is no?+ t really indicates a subtle & 9 ! true s5se a sup]ior m9d s mu* z ?is p[] ( comp>+ a l[] ?+ ) a high] & yet t high] ) a high] /ill2 ( ?9k+ on ?ree planes at once4 ,!re is no?+ t wants ! r>e/ sort ( wisdom s mu* z to see1 let u say1 t ! citiz5 is high] ?an ! slave & yet t ! s\l is inf9itely high] ?an ! citiz5 or ! city4 ,x is n by any means a faculty t commonly belongs to ^! simplifi]s ( ! ,gospel2 ^? :o insi/ on :at !y call a simple morality & o!rs call a s5tim5tal morality4 ,x is n at all cov]$ by ^? :o are cont5t to tell ev]ybody to rema9 at peace4 ,on ! contr>y1 !re is a v /rik+ example ( x 9 ! app>5t inconsi/5cy betwe5 ,*ri/'s say+s ab\t peace & ab\t a sword4 ,x is precisely ?is p[] :i* p]ceives t :ile a good peace is bett] ?an a good w>1 ev5 a good w> is bett] ?an a bad peace4 ,^! f>-flung comp>isons are n[h]e s common z 9 ! ,gospels2 & to me !y sugge/ some?+ v va/4 ,s a ?+ solit>y & solid1 ) ! add$ dim5sion ( dep? or height1 might t[] ov] ! flat creatures liv+ only on a plane4 ,?is quality ( some?+ t c only be call$ subtle & sup]ior1 some?+ t is capable ( long views & ev5 ( d\ble mean+s1 is n not$ "h m]ely z a c\nt]bla/ to ! commonplace exagg]ations ( amiability & mild idealism4 ,x is also to be not$ 9 connection ) ! m trem5d\s tru? t\*$ ^u at ! end ( ! la/ *apt]4 ,= ?is is ! v la/ "* t commonly goes ) m]e megalomania2 especially su* /eep & /agg]+ megalomania z might be involv$ 9 t claim4 ,?is quality t c only be call$ intellectual di/9ction is n1 ( c\rse1 an evid5ce ( div9ity4 ,b x is an evid5ce ( a probable di/a/e = vulg> & va+lori\s claims to div9ity4 ,a man ( t sort1 if he 7 only a man1 w\ld be ! la/ man 9 ! _w to suff] f t intoxication by "o notion f n[h]e 9 p>ticul>1 :i* is ! m>k ( ! self-delud+ s5sationali/ 9 religion4 ,nor is x ev5 avoid$ by d5y+ t ,*ri/ did make ?is claim4 ,( no su* man z t1 ( no o!r prophet or philosoph] ( ! same intellectual ord]1 w\ld x be ev5 possible to pret5d t he _h made x4 ,ev5 if ! ,*ur* _h mi/ak5 8 mean+1 x w\ld /ill be true t no o!r hi/orical tradition except ! ,*ur* _h ev] ev5 made ! same mi/ake4 ,mahom$ans did n misund]/& ,mahomet & suppose he 0 ,allah4 ,jews did n mis9t]pret ,moses & id5tify him ) ,jehovah4 ,:y 0 ?is claim alone exagg]at$ unless ?is alone 0 made8 ,ev5 if ,*ri/ianity 0 "o va/ univ]sal blund]1 x is /ill a blund] z solit>y z ! ,inc>nation4 ,! purpose ( ^! pages is to fix ! falsity ( c]ta9 vague & vulg> assumptions2 & we h "h "o ( ! mo/ false4 ,!re is a sort ( notion 9 ! air ev]y:]e t all ! religions are equal because all ! religi\s f\nd]s 7 rivals2 t !y are all fight+ = ! same />ry cr[n4 ,x is q false4 ,! claim to t cr[n1 or any?+ l t cr[n1 is really s r>e z to be unique4 ,mahomet did n make x any m ?an ,micah or ,mala*i4 ,confucius did n make x any m ?an ,plato or ,m>cus ,aurelius4 ,buddha nev] said he 0 ,bramah4 ,zoroa/] no m claim$ to be ,ormuz ?an to be ,ahriman4 ,! tru? is t1 9 ! common run ( cases1 x is j z we %\ld expect x to be1 9 common s5se & c]ta9ly 9 ,*ri/ian philosophy4 ,x is exactly ! o!r way4 ,normally speak+1 ! great] a man is1 ! less likely he is to make ! v greate/ claim4 ,outside ! unique case we are consid]+1 ! only k9d ( man :o ev] does make t k9d ( claim is a v small man2 a secretive or self-c5tr$ monomaniac4 ,nobody c imag9e ,ari/otle claim+ to be ! fa!r ( gods & m51 come d[n f ! sky2 ?\gh we might imag9e "s insane ,roman ,emp]or l ,caligula claim+ x = him1 or m probably = himself4 ,nobody c imag9e ,%akespe>e talk+ z if he 7 lit]ally div9e2 ?\gh we might imag9e "s crazy ,am]ican crank f9d+ x z a cryptogram 9 ,%akespe>e's works1 or pref]ably 9 8 own works4 ,x is possible to f9d "h & !re human be+s :o make ?is supremely sup]human claim4 ,x is possible to f9d !m 9 lunatic asylums2 9 padd$ cells2 possibly 9 /rait wai/coats4 ,b :at is mu* m important ?an _! m]e mat]iali/ic fate 9 our v mat]iali/ic society1 "u v crude & clumsy laws ab\t lunacy1 ! type we "k z t+$ ) ?is1 or t5d+ t[>ds x1 is a diseas$ & disproportionate type2 n>r[ yet swoll5 & morbid to mon/rosity4 ,x is by r an unlucky metaphor t we talk ( a madman z crack$2 = 9 a s5se he is n crack$ en\gh4 ,he is cramp$ r ?an crack$2 !re are n en\gh holes 9 8 head to v5tilate x4 ,?is impossibility ( lett+ 9 daylight on a delusion does sometimes cov] & conceal a delusion ( div9ity4 ,x c be f\nd1 n among prophets & sages & f\nd]s ( religions1 b only among a l[ set ( lunatics4 ,b ?is is exactly :]e ! argum5t becomes int5sely int]e/+2 because ! argum5t proves too mu*4 ,= nobody supposes t ,jesus ( ,naz>e? 0 t sort ( p]son4 ,no mod]n critic 9 8 five wits ?9ks t ! prea*] ( ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt 0 a horrible half-witt$ imbecile t might be scrawl+ />s on ! walls ( a cell4 ,no a!i/ or blasphem] believes t ! au?or ( ! ,p>able ( ! ,prodigal ,son 0 a mon/] ) "o mad idea l a cyclops ) "o eye4 ,^u any possible hi/orical criticism he mu/ be put high] 9 ! scale ( human be+s ?an t4 ,yet by all analogy we h really to put him !re or else 9 ! highe/ place ( all4 ,9 fact1 ^? :o c really take x 7z ,i "h hypo!tically take x7 9 a q dry & deta*$ _s1 h "h a mo/ curi\s & int]e/+ human problem4 ,x is s int5sely int]e/+1 consid]$ z a human problem1 t x is 9 a _s q dis9t]e/$1 s to speak1 t ,i wi% "s ( !m _h turn$ t intricate human problem into some?+ l an intelligible human portrait4 ,if ,*ri/ 0 simply a human "*1 he really 0 a highly complex & contradictory human "*4 ,= he comb9$ exactly ! two ?+s t lie at ! two extremes ( human v>iation4 ,he 0 exactly :at ! man ) a delusion nev] is3 he 0 wise2 he 0 a good judge4 ,:at he said 0 always unexpect$2 b x 0 always unexpect$ly magnanim\s & (t5 unexpect$ly mod]ate4 ,take a ?+ l ! po9t ( ! p>able ( ! t>es & ! :eat4 ,x has ! quality t unites sanity & subtlety4 ,x has n ! simplicity ( a madman4 ,x has n ev5 ! simplicity ( a fanatic4 ,x might be utt]$ by a philosoph] a hundr$ ye>s old1 at ! end ( a c5tury ( ,utopias4 ,no?+ c\ld be less l ?is quality ( see+ beyond & all r\nd obvi\s ?+s1 ?an ! condition ( ! egomaniac ) ! "o s5sitive spot on 8 bra94 ,i really d n see h[ ^! two *>act]s c\ld be conv9c+ly comb9$1 except 9 ! a/oni%+ way 9 :i* ! cre$ comb9es !m4 ,= until we rea* ! full acceptance ( ! fact z a fact1 h[ev] m>vell\s1 all m]e approximations to x are actually fur!r & fur!r away f x4 ,div9ity is great en\gh to be div9e2 x is great en\gh to call itself div9e4 ,b z humanity gr[s great]1 x gr[s less & less likely to d s4 ,god is ,god1 z ! ,moslems say2 b a great man kn[s he is n ,god1 & ! great] he is ! bett] he kn[s x4 ,t is ! p>adox2 ev]y?+ t is m]ely approa*+ to t po9t is m]ely rec$+ f x4 ,socrates1 ! wise/ man1 kn[s t he kn[s no?+4 ,a lunatic may ?9k he is omnisci5ce1 & a fool may talk z if he 7 omnisci5t4 ,b ,*ri/ is 9 ano!r s5se omnisci5t if he n only kn[s1 b kn[s t he kn[s4 ,ev5 on ! purely human & sympa!tic side1 !re=e1 ! ,jesus ( ! ,new ,te/am5t seems to me to h 9 a great _m ways ! note ( some?+ sup]human2 t is1 ( some?+ human & m ?an human4 ,b !re is ano!r quality runn+ ?r\gh all 8 tea*+s :i* seems to me neglect$ 9 mo/ mod]n talk ab\t !m z tea*+s2 & t is ! p]si/5t sugge/ion t he has n really come to tea*4 ,if !re is "o incid5t 9 ! record :i* affects me p]sonally z gr&ly & glori\sly human1 x is ! incid5t ( giv+ w9e = ! w$d+-fea/4 ,t is really human 9 ! s5se 9 :i* a :ole cr[d ( prigs1 hav+ ! appe>ance ( human be+s1 c h>dly be describ$ z human4 ,x rises sup]ior to all sup]ior p]sons4 ,x is z human z ,h]rick & z democratic z ,dick5s4 ,b ev5 9 t /ory !re is some?+ else t has t note ( ?+s n fully expla9$2 & 9 a way "h v relevant4 ,i mean ! fir/ hesitation1 n on any gr\nd t\*+ ! nature ( ! miracle1 b on t ( ! propriety ( work+ any miracles at all1 at lea/ at t /age2 #8,my "t is n yet come4' ,:at did t mean8 ,at lea/ x c]ta9ly meant a g5]al plan or purpose 9 ! m9d1 ) :i* c]ta9 ?+s did or did n fit 94 ,& if we leave out t solit>y /rategic plan1 we n only leave out ! po9t ( ! /ory1 b ! /ory4 ,we (t5 he> ( ,jesus ( ,naz>e? z a w&]+ tea*]2 & !re is a vital tru? 9 t view 9 s f> z x emphasises an attitude t[>ds luxury & conv5tion :i* mo/ respectable p w\ld /ill reg>d z t ( a vagabond4 ,x is express$ 9 8 own great say+ ab\t ! holes ( ! foxes & ! ne/s ( ! birds1 &1 l _m ( 8 great say+s1 x is felt z less p[]ful ?an x is1 ?r\gh lack ( appreciation ( t great p>adox by :i* he spoke ( 8 own humanity z 9 "s way collectively & repres5tatively human2 call+ himself simply ! ,son ( ,man2 t is1 9 effect1 call+ himself simply ,man4 ,x is fitt+ t ! ,new ,man or ! ,second ,adam %\ld repeat 9 s r++ a voice & ) s arre/+ a ge/ure ! great fact :i* came fir/ 9 ! orig9al /ory3 t man diff]s f ! brutes by ev]y?+1 ev5 by defici5cy2 t he is 9 a s5se less normal & ev5 less native2 a /rang] ^u ! e>?4 ,x is well to speak ( 8 w&]+s 9 ?is s5se & 9 ! s5se t he %>$ ! drift+ life ( ! mo/ homeless & hopeless ( ! poor4 ,x is assur$ly well to rememb] t he w\ld q c]ta9ly h be5 mov$ on by ! police1 & almo/ c]ta9ly arre/$ by ! police1 = hav+ no visible means ( subsi/5ce4 ,= our law has 9 x a turn ( hum\r or t\* ( fancy :i* ,n]o & ,h]od nev] happ5$ to ?9k (2 t ( actually puni%+ homeless p = n sleep+ at home4 ,b 9 ano!r s5se ! ^w #8w&]+' z appli$ to 8 life is a little mislead+4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 a great _m ( ! pagan sages & n a few ( ! pagan sophi/s might truly be describ$ z w&]+ tea*]s4 ,9 "s ( !m _! rambl+ j\rneys 7 n altoge!r )\t a p>allel 9 _! rambl+ rem>ks4 ,apollonius ( ,tyana1 :o figur$ 9 "s fa%ionable cults z a sort ( ideal philosoph]1 is repres5t$ z rambl+ z f> z ! ,ganges & ,e?iopia1 m or less talk+ all ! "t4 ,!re 0 actually a s*ool ( philosoph]s call$ ! ,p]ipatetics2 & mo/ ev5 ( ! great philosoph]s give u a vague impression ( hav+ v little to d except to walk & talk4 ,! great conv]sations :i* give u our glimpses ( ! great m9ds ( ,socrates or ,buddha or ev5 ,confucius (t5 seem to be p>ts ( a nev]-end+ picnic2 & especially1 :i* is ! important po9t1 to h nei!r beg9n+ nor end4 ,socrates did inde$ f9d ! conv]sation int]rupt$ by ! incid5t ( 8 execution4 ,b x is ! :ole po9t1 & ! :ole p>ticul> m]it1 ( ! position ( ,socrates t dea? 0 only an int]ruption & an incid5t4 ,we miss ! real moral importance ( ! great philosoph] if we miss t po9t2 t he />es at ! execution] ) an innoc5t surprise1 & almo/ an innoc5t annoyance1 at f9d+ any "o s unreasonable z to cut %ort a little conv]sation = ! elucidation ( tru?4 ,he is look+ = tru? & n look+ = dea?4 ,dea? is b a /one 9 ! road :i* c trip him up4 ,8 "w 9 life is to w&] on ! roads ( ! _w & talk ab\t tru? = ev]4 ,buddha1 on ! o!r h&1 did arre/ att5tion by "o ge/ure2 x 0 ! ge/ure ( r5unciation1 & !re=e 9 a s5se ( d5ial4 ,b by "o dramatic negation he pass$ into a _w ( negation t 0 n dramatic2 :i* he w\ld h be5 ! fir/ to insi/ 0 n dramatic4 ,"h aga9 we miss ! p>ticul> moral importance ( ! great my/ic if we d n see ! di/9ction2 t x 0 8 :ole po9t t he _h done ) drama1 :i* consi/s ( desire & /ruggle & g5]ally ( defeat & disappo9tm5t4 ,he passes into peace & lives to in/ruct o!rs h[ to pass into x4 ,h5ce=? 8 life is t ( ! ideal philosoph]2 c]ta9ly a f> m really ideal philosoph] ?an ,apollonius ( ,tyana2 b /ill a philosoph] 9 ! s5se t x is n 8 bus9ess to d any?+ b r to expla9 ev]y?+2 9 8 case1 we might almo/ say1 mildly & s(tly to explode ev]y?+4 ,= ! messages are basically diff]5t4 ,*ri/ said #8,seek fir/ ! k+dom1 & all ^! ?+s %all be add$ unto y4' ,buddha said #8,seek fir/ ! k+dom1 & !n y w ne$ none ( ^! ?+s4' ,n[1 comp>$ to ^! w&]]s ! life ( ,jesus w5t z swift & /raight z a ?und]bolt4 ,x 0 above all ?+s dramatic2 x did above all ?+s consi/ 9 do+ some?+ t _h to be done4 ,x emphatically w\ld n h be5 done if ,jesus _h walk$ ab\t ! _w = ev] do+ no?+ except tell ! tru?4 ,& ev5 ! ext]nal movem5t ( x mu/ n be describ$ z a w&]+ 9 ! s5se ( =gett+ t x 0 a j\rney4 ,?is is :]e x 0 a fulfilm5t ( ! my?s r ?an ( ! philosophies2 x is a j\rney ) a goal & an object1 l ,jason go+ to f9d ! ,gold5 ,fleece1 or ,h]cules ! gold5 apples ( ! ,hesp]ides4 ,! gold t he 0 seek+ 0 dea?4 ,! prim>y ?+ t he 0 go+ to d 0 to die4 ,he 0 go+ to d o!r ?+s equally def9ite & objective2 we might almo/ say equally ext]nal & mat]ial4 ,b f fir/ to la/ ! mo/ def9ite fact is t he is go+ to die4 ,no two ?+s c\ld possibly be m diff]5t ?an ! dea? ( ,socrates & ! dea? ( ,*ri/4 ,we are meant to feel t ! dea? ( ,socrates 01 f ! po9t ( view ( 8 fri5ds at lea/1 a /upid muddle & misc>riage ( ju/ice int]f]+ ) ! fl[ ( a humane & lucid1 ,i _h almo/ said a light philosophy4 ,we are meant to feel t ,dea? 0 ! bride ( ,*ri/ z ,pov]ty 0 ! bride ( ,/4 ,francis4 ,we are meant to feel t 8 life 0 9 t s5se a sort ( love-affair ) dea?1 a romance ( ! pursuit ( ! ultimate sacrifice4 ,f ! mom5t :5 ! /> goes up l a bir?day rocket to ! mom5t :5 ! sun is ext+ui%$ l a fun]al tor*1 ! :ole /ory moves on w+s ) ! spe$ & direction ( a drama1 end+ 9 an act beyond words4 ,!re=e ! /ory ( ,*ri/ is ! /ory ( a j\rney1 almo/ 9 ! mann] ( a milit>y m>*2 c]ta9ly 9 ! mann] ( ! que/ ( a h]o mov+ to 8 a*ievem5t or 8 doom4 ,x is a /ory t beg9s 9 ! p>adise ( ,galilee1 a pa/oral & peaceful l& hav+ really "s h9t ( ,ed51 & gradually climbs ! ris+ c\ntry into ! m\nta9s t are ne>] to ! /orm-cl\ds & ! />s1 z to a ,m\nta9 ( ,purgatory4 ,he may be met z if /ray+ 9 /range places1 or /opp$ on ! way = discussion or dispute2 b 8 face is set t[>ds ! m\nta9 city4 ,t is ! mean+ ( t great culm9ation :5 he cre/$ ! ridge & /ood at ! turn+ ( ! road & sudd5ly cri$ al\d1 lam5t+ ov] ,j]usalem4 ,"s light t\* ( t lam5t is 9 e patriotic poem2 or if x is abs5t1 ! patriotism /9ks ) vulg>ity4 ,t is ! mean+ ( ! /irr+ & />tl+ incid5t at ! gates ( ! ,temple1 :5 ! tables 7 hurl$ l lumb] d[n ! /eps1 & ! ri* m]*ants driv5 =? ) bodily bl[s2 ! incid5t t mu/ be at lea/ z mu* ( a puzzle to ! pacifi/s z any p>adox ab\t non-resi/ance c be to any ( ! milit>i/s4 ,i h comp>$ ! que/ to ! j\rney ( ,jason1 b we mu/ nev] =get t 9 a deep] s5se x is r to be comp>$ to ! j\rney ( ,ulysses4 ,x 0 n only a romance ( travel b a romance ( return2 & ( ! end ( a usurpation4 ,no heal?y boy read+ ! /ory reg>ds ! r\t ( ! ,i?acan suitors z any?+ b a happy end+4 ,b !re are d\btless "s :o reg>d ! r\t ( ! ,jewi% m]*ants & money*ang]s ) t ref9$ repugnance :i* nev] fails to move !m 9 ! pres5ce ( viol5ce1 & especially ( viol5ce aga9/ ! well-to-d4 ,! po9t "h1 h[ev]1 is t all ^! incid5ts h 9 !m a "* ( m\nt+ crisis4 ,9 o!r words1 ^! incid5ts are n incid5tal4 ,:5 ,apollonius ! ideal philosoph] is br\ght be=e ! judgm5t-seat ( ,domitian & vani%es by magic1 ! miracle is entirely incid5tal4 ,x might h occurr$ at any "t 9 ! w&]+ life ( ! ,tyanean2 inde$1 ,i believe x is d\btful 9 date z well z 9 sub/ance4 ,! ideal philosoph] m]ely vani%$1 & resum$ 8 ideal exi/5ce some:]e else = an indef9ite p]iod4 ,x is *>act]i/ic ( ! contra/ p]haps t ,apollonius 0 suppos$ to h liv$ to an almo/ miracul\s old age4 ,jesus ( ,naz>e? 0 less prud5t 9 8 miracles4 ,:5 ,jesus 0 br\ght be=e ! judgm5t-seat ( ,pontius ,pilate1 he did n vani%4 ,x 0 ! crisis & ! goal2 x 0 ! h\r & ! p[] ( d>kness4 ,x 0 ! supremely sup]natural act1 ( all 8 miracul\s life1 t he did n vani%4 ,e attempt to amplify t /ory has dim9i%$ x4 ,! task has be5 attempt$ by _m m5 ( real g5ius & eloqu5ce z well z by only too _m vulg> s5tim5tali/s & self-consci\s rhetoricians4 ,! tale has be5 retold ) patronis+ pa?os by elegant sceptics & ) flu5t en?usiasm by boi/]\s be/-sell]s4 ,x w n be retold "h4 ,! gr9d+ p[] ( ! pla9 words ( ! ,gospel /ory is l ! p[] ( mill-/ones2 & ^? :o c read !m simply en\gh w feel z if rocks _h be5 roll$ ^u !m4 ,criticism is only words ab\t words2 & ( :at use are words ab\t su* words z ^!8 ,:at is ! use ( ^w-pa9t+ ab\t ! d>k g>d5 fill$ sudd5ly ) tor*light & furi\s faces8 #8,are y come out ) swords & /aves z aga9/ a robb]8 ,all day ,i sat 9 y\r temple tea*+1 & y took me n4' ,c any?+ be add$ to ! massive & ga!r$ re/ra9t ( t irony2 l a great wave lift$ to ! sky & refus+ to fall8 #8,daught]s ( ,j]usalem1 weep n = me1 b weep = y\rselves & = y\r *ildr54' ,z ! ,high ,prie/ ask$ :at fur!r ne$ he _h ( witnesses1 we might well ask :at fur!r ne$ we h ( words4 ,pet] 9 a panic repudiat$ him3 #8& imm$iately ! cock crew2 & ,jesus look$ ^u ,pet]1 & ,pet] w5t out & wept bitt]ly4' ,has any "o any fur!r rem>ks to (f]8 ,j be=e ! murd] he pray$ = all ! murd]\s race ( m51 say+1 #8,!y "k n :at !y d'2 is !re any?+ to say to t1 except t we "k z little :at we say8 ,is !re any ne$ to repeat & sp9 out ! /ory ( h[ ! trag$y trail$ up ! ,via ,dolorosa & h[ !y ?rew him 9 haphaz>d ) two ?ieves 9 "o ( ! ord9>y bat*es ( execution2 & h[ 9 all t horror & h[l+ wild]ness ( des]tion "o voice spoke 9 homage1 a />tl+ voice f ! v la/ place :]e x 0 look$ =1 ! gibbet ( ! crim9al2 & he said to t nameless ruffian1 #8,?is night %alt ?\ be ) me 9 ,p>adise'8 ,is !re any?+ to put aft] t b a full-/op8 ,or is any "o prep>$ to answ] adequately t f>ewell ge/ure to all fle% :i* creat$ = 8 ,"m a new ,son8 ,x is m )9 my p[]s1 & "h m imm$iately to my purpose1 to po9t out t 9 t sc5e 7 symbolically ga!r$ all ! human =ces t h be5 vaguely sket*$ 9 ?is /ory4 ,z k+s & philosoph]s & ! popul> elem5t _h be5 symbolically pres5t at 8 bir?1 s !y 7 m practically conc]n$ 9 8 dea?2 & ) t we come face to face ) ! ess5tial fact to be realis$4 ,all ! great gr\ps t /ood ab\t ! ,cross repres5t 9 "o way or ano!r ! great hi/orical tru? ( ! "t2 t ! _w c\ld n save itself4 ,man c\ld d no m4 ,rome & ,j]usalem & ,a!ns & ev]y?+ else 7 go+ d[n l a sea turn$ into a sl[ cat>act4 ,ext]nally inde$ ! anci5t _w 0 /ill at its /ronge/2 x is always at t mom5t t ! inmo/ weakness beg9s4 ,b 9 ord] to und]/& t weakness we mu/ repeat :at has be5 said m ?an once3 t x 0 n ! weakness ( a ?+ orig9ally weak4 ,x 0 emphatically ! /r5g? ( ! _w t 0 turn$ to weakness1 & ! wisdom ( ! _w t 0 turn$ to folly4 ,9 ?is /ory ( ,good ,friday x is ! be/ ?+s 9 ! _w t are at _! wor/4 ,t is :at really %[s u ! _w at its wor/4 ,x 01 = in/ance1 ! prie/s ( a true mono!ism & ! soldi]s ( an int]national civilisation4 ,rome1 ! leg5d1 f\nd$ ^u fall5 ,troy & triumphant ov] fall5 ,c>?age1 _h /ood = a h]oism :i* 0 ! ne>e/ t any pagan ev] came to *ivalry4 ,rome _h def5d$ ! h\sehold gods & ! human dec5cies aga9/ ! ogres ( ,africa & ! h]maphrodite mon/rosities ( ,greece4 ,b 9 ! lightn+ fla% ( ?is incid5t1 we see great ,rome1 ! imp]ial republic1 go+ d[nw>d "u h] ,lucretian doom4 ,scepticism has eat5 away ev5 ! confid5t sanity ( ! conqu]ors ( ! _w4 ,he :o is en?ron$ to say :at is ju/ice c only ask1 #8,:at is tru?8' ,s 9 t drama :i* decid$ ! :ole fate ( antiquity1 "o ( ! c5tral figures is fix$ 9 :at seems ! rev]se ( 8 true rle4 ,rome 0 almo/ ano!r "n = responsibility4 ,yet he /&s = ev] z a sort ( rock+ /atue ( ! irresponsible4 ,man c\ld d no m4 ,ev5 ! practical _h become ! impracticable4 ,/&+ betwe5 ! pill>s ( 8 own judgm5t-seat1 a ,roman _h wa%$ 8 h&s ( ! _w4 ,!re too 7 ! prie/s ( t pure & orig9al tru? t 0 beh9d all ! my?ologies l ! sky beh9d ! cl\ds4 ,x 0 ! mo/ important tru? 9 ! _w2 & ev5 t c\ld n save ! _w4 ,p]haps !re is some?+ ov]p[]+ 9 pure p]sonal !ism2 l see+ ! sun & moon & sky come toge!r to =m "o />+ face4 ,p]haps ! tru? is too trem5d\s :5 n brok5 by "s int]m$i>ies1 div9e or human2 p]haps x is m]ely too pure & f> away4 ,anyh[ x c\ld n save ! _w2 x c\ld n ev5 conv]t ! _w4 ,!re 7 philosoph]s :o held x 9 its highe/ & noble/ =m2 b !y n only c\ld n conv]t ! _w1 b !y nev] tri$4 ,y c\ld no m fight ! jungle ( popul> my?ology ) a private op9ion ?an y c\ld cle> away a =e/ ) a pocket-knife4 ,! ,jewi% prie/s _h gu>d$ x jeal\sly 9 ! good & ! bad s5se4 ,!y _h kept x z a gigantic secret4 ,z savage h]oes might h kept ! sun 9 a box1 !y kept ! ,ev]la/+ 9 ! tab]nacle4 ,!y 7 pr\d t !y alone c\ld look ^u ! bl9d+ sun ( a s+le deity2 & !y did n "k t !y _h !mselves gone bl9d4 ,s9ce t day _! repres5tatives h be5 l bl9d m5 9 broad daylight1 /rik+ to "r & left ) _! /affs1 & curs+ ! d>kness4 ,b !re has be5 t 9 _! monum5tal mono!ism t x has at lea/ rema9$ l a monum5t1 ! la/ ?+ ( its k9d1 & 9 a s5se motionless 9 ! m re/less _w :i* x _c satisfy4 ,= x is c]ta9 t = "s reason x _c satisfy4 ,s9ce t day x has nev] be5 q en\gh to say t ,god is 9 8 heav5 & all is "r ) ! _w2 s9ce ! rum\r t ,god _h left 8 heav5s to set x "r4 ,& z x 0 ) ^! p[]s t 7 good1 or at lea/ _h once be5 good1 s x 0 ) ! elem5t :i* 0 p]haps ! be/1 or :i* ,*ri/ himself seems c]ta9ly to h felt z ! be/4 ,! poor to :om he prea*$ ! good news1 ! common p :o he>d him gladly1 ! populace t _h made s _m popul> h]oes & demigods 9 ! old pagan _w1 %[$ also ! weaknesses t 7 dissolv+ ! _w4 ,!y suff]$ ! evils (t5 se5 9 ! mob ( ! city1 & especially ! mob ( ! capital1 dur+ ! decl9e ( a society4 ,! same ?+ t makes ! rural population live on tradition makes ! urban population live on rum\r4 ,j z its my?s at ! be/ _h be5 irrational1 s its likes & dislikes are easily *ang$ by baseless ass]tion t is arbitr>y )\t be+ au?oritative4 ,"s brig& or o!r 0 artificially turn$ into a picturesque & popul> figure & run z a k9d ( c&idate aga9/ ,*ri/4 ,9 all ?is we recognise ! urban population t we "k1 ) its newspap] sc>es & scoops4 ,b !re 0 pres5t 9 ?is anci5t population an evil m peculi> to ! anci5t _w4 ,we h not$ x already z ! neglect ( ! individual1 ev5 ( ! individual vot+ ! condemnation & /ill m ( ! individual condemn$4 ,x 0 ! s\l ( ! hive2 a hea!n ?+4 ,! cry ( ?is _s also 0 he>d 9 t h\r1 #8,x is well t "o man die = ! p4' ,yet ?is _s 9 antiquity ( devotion to ! city & to ! /ate _h also be5 9 itself & 9 its "t a noble _s4 ,x _h its poets & its m>tyrs2 m5 /ill to be hon\r$ = ev]4 ,x 0 fail+ ?r\gh its weakness 9 n see+ ! sep>ate s\l ( a man1 ! %r9e ( all my/icism2 b x 0 only fail+ z ev]y?+ else 0 fail+4 ,! mob w5t along ) ! ,sadducees & ! ,ph>isees1 ! philosoph]s & ! morali/s4 ,x w5t along ) ! imp]ial magi/rates & ! sacr$ prie/s1 ! scribes & ! soldi]s1 t ! "o univ]sal human _s might suff] a univ]sal condemnation2 t !re might be "o deep1 unanim\s *orus ( approval & h>mony :5 ,man 0 reject$ ( m54 ,!re 7 solitudes beyond :]e none %all foll[4 ,!re 7 secrets 9 ! inmo/ & invisible "p ( t drama t h no symbol 9 spee*2 or 9 any sev]ance ( a man f m54 ,nor is x easy = any words less />k & s+le-m9d$ ?an ^? ( ! nak$ n>rative ev5 to h9t at ! horror ( exaltation t lift$ itself above ! hill4 ,endless expositions h n come to ! end ( x1 or ev5 to ! beg9n+4 ,& if !re be any s\nd t c produce a sil5ce1 we may surely be sil5t ab\t ! end & ! extremity2 :5 a cry 0 driv5 out ( t d>kness 9 words dreadfully di/9ct & dreadfully un9telligible1 :i* man %all nev] und]/& 9 all ! et]nity !y h pur*as$ = him2 & = "o annihilat+ in/ant an abyss t is n = our ?\ghts _h op5$ ev5 9 ! unity ( ! absolute2 & ,god _h be5 =sak5 ( ,god4 ,!y took ! body d[n f ! cross & "o ( ! few ri* m5 among ! fir/ ,*ri/ians obta9$ p]mission to bury x 9 a rock tomb 9 8 g>d52 ! ,romans sett+ a milit>y gu>d le/ !re %\ld be "s riot & attempt to recov] ! body4 ,!re 0 once m a natural symbolism 9 ^! natural proce$+s2 x 0 well t ! tomb %\ld be seal$ ) all ! secrecy ( anci5t ea/]n sepulture & gu>d$ by ! au?ority ( ! ,caes>s4 ,= 9 t second cav]n ! :ole ( t great & glori\s humanity :i* we call antiquity 0 ga!r$ up & cov]$ ov]2 & 9 t place x 0 buri$4 ,x 0 ! end ( a v great ?+ call$ human hi/ory2 ! hi/ory t 0 m]ely human4 ,! my?ologies & ! philosophies 7 buri$ !re1 ! gods & ! h]oes & ! sages4 ,9 ! great ,roman phrase1 !y _h liv$4 ,b z !y c\ld only live1 s !y c\ld only die2 & !y 7 dead4 ,on ! ?ird day ! fri5ds ( ,*ri/ com+ at daybreak to ! place f\nd ! grave empty & ! /one roll$ away4 ,9 v>y+ ways !y realis$ ! new wond]2 b ev5 !y h>dly realis$ t ! _w _h di$ 9 ! night4 ,:at !y 7 look+ at 0 ! fir/ day ( a new creation1 ) a new heav5 & a new e>?2 & 9 a semblance ( ! g>d5] ,god walk$ aga9 9 ! g>d51 9 ! cool n ( ! ev5+ b ! dawn4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,! ,,witness ,,( ,,! ,,h]etics ,*ri/ f\nd$ ! ,*ur* ) two great figures ( spee*2 9 ! f9al words to ! ,apo/les :o receiv$ au?ority to f\nd x4 ,! fir/ 0 ! phrase ab\t f\nd+ x on ,pet] z on a rock2 ! second 0 ! symbol ( ! keys4 ,ab\t ! mean+ ( ! =m] !re is naturally no d\bt 9 my own case2 b x does n directly affect ! argum5t "h save 9 two m second>y aspects4 ,x is yet ano!r example ( a ?+ t c\ld only fully exp& & expla9 itself aft]w>ds1 & ev5 long aft]w>ds4 ,& x is yet ano!r example ( some?+ ! v rev]se ( simple & self-evid5t ev5 9 ! language1 9 s f> z x describ$ a man z a rock :5 he _h mu* m ! appe>ance ( a re$4 ,b ! o!r image ( ! keys has an exactitude t has h>dly be5 exactly notic$4 ,! keys h be5 conspicu\s en\gh 9 ! art & h]aldry ( ,*ri/5dom2 b n e "o has not$ ! peculi> aptness ( ! allegory4 ,we h n[ rea*$ ! po9t 9 hi/ory :]e some?+ mu/ be said ( ! fir/ appe>ance & activities ( ! ,*ur* 9 ! ,roman ,empire2 & = t brief description no?+ c\ld be m p]fect ?an t anci5t metaphor4 ,! ,e>ly ,*ri/ian 0 v precisely a p]son c>ry+ ab\t a key1 or :at he said 0 a key4 ,! :ole ,*ri/ian movem5t consi/$ 9 claim+ to possess t key4 ,x 0 n m]ely a vague =w>d movem5t1 :i* might be bett] repres5t$ by a batt]+-ram4 ,x 0 n some?+ t swept along ) x simil> & dissimil> ?+s1 z does a mod]n social movem5t4 ,z we %all see 9 a mom5t1 x r def9itely refus$ to d s4 ,x def9itely ass]t$ t !re 0 a key & t x possess$ t key & t no o!r key 0 l x2 9 t s5se x 0 z n>r[ z y please4 ,only x happ5$ to be ! key t c\ld unlock ! prison ( ! :ole _w2 & let 9 ! :ite daylight ( escape4 ,! cre$ 0 l a key 9 ?ree respects2 :i* c be mo/ conv5i5tly summ$ up "u ?is symbol4 ,fir/1 a key is above all ?+s a ?+ ) a %ape4 ,x is a ?+ t dep5ds entirely ^u keep+ its %ape4 ,! ,*ri/ian cre$ is above all ?+s ! philosophy ( %apes & ! enemy ( %apelessness4 ,t is :]e x diff]s f all t =mless inf9ity1 ,mani*ean or ,buddhi/1 :i* makes a sort ( pool ( night 9 ! d>k he>t ( ,asia2 ! ideal ( uncreat+ all ! creatures4 ,t is :]e x diff]s also f ! analog\s vagu5ess ( m]e evolutionism2 ! idea ( creatures con/antly los+ _! %ape4 ,a man told t 8 solit>y lat*key _h be5 melt$ d[n ) a million o!rs into a ,buddhi/ic unity w\ld be annoy$4 ,b a man told t 8 key 0 gradually gr[+ & spr\t+ 9 8 pocket1 & bran*+ into new w>ds or complications1 w\ld n be m gratifi$4 ,second1 ! %ape ( a key is 9 itself a r fanta/ic %ape4 ,a savage :o did n "k x 0 a key w\ld h ! greate/ difficulty 9 guess+ :at x c\ld possibly be4 ,& x is fanta/ic because x is 9 a s5se arbitr>y4 ,a key is n a matt] ( ab/ractions2 9 t s5se a key is n a matt] ( argum5t4 ,x ei!r fits ! lock or x does n4 ,x is useless = m5 to /& disput+ ov] x1 consid]$ by itself2 or recon/ruct+ x on pure pr9ciples ( geometry or decorative art4 ,x is s5seless = a man to say he w\ld l a simpl] key2 x w\ld be f> m s5sible to d 8 be/ ) a cr[b>4 ,& ?irdly1 z ! key is necess>ily a ?+ ) a patt]n1 s ?is 0 "o hav+ 9 "s ways a r elaborate patt]n4 ,:5 p compla9 ( ! religion be+ s e>ly complicat$ ) !ology & ?+s ( ! k9d1 !y =get t ! _w _h n only got into a hole1 b _h got into a :ole maze ( holes & corn]s4 ,! problem itself 0 a complicat$ problem2 x did n 9 ! ord9>y s5se m]ely involve any?+ s simple z s94 ,x 0 also full ( secrets1 ( unexplor$ & unfa?omable fallacies1 ( unconsci\s m5tal diseases1 ( dang]s 9 all directions4 ,if ! fai? _h fac$ ! _w only ) ! platitudes ab\t peace & simplicity "s morali/s w\ld conf9e x to1 x w\ld n h _h ! fa9te/ effect on t luxuri\s & labyr9?9e lunatic asylum4 ,:at x did d we mu/ n[ r\ghly describe2 x is en\gh to say "h t !re 0 und\bt$ly mu* ab\t ! key t seem$ complex2 inde$ !re 0 only "o ?+ ab\t x t 0 simple4 ,x op5$ ! door4 ,!re are c]ta9 recognis$ & accept$ /atem5ts 9 ?is matt] :i* may = brevity & conv5i5ce be describ$ z lies4 ,we h all he>d p say t ,*ri/ianity arose 9 an age ( b>b>ism4 ,!y might j z well say t ,*ri/ian ,sci5ce arose 9 an age ( b>b>ism4 ,!y may ?9k ,*ri/ianity 0 a symptom ( social decay1 z ,i ?9k ,*ri/ian ,sci5ce a symptom ( m5tal decay4 ,!y may ?9k ,*ri/ianity a sup]/ition t ultimately de/roy$ a civilisation1 z ,i ?9k ,*ri/ian ,sci5ce a sup]/ition capable 7if tak5 s]i\sly7 ( de/roy+ any numb] ( civilisations4 ,b to say t a ,*ri/ian ( ! f\r? or fif? c5turies 0 a b>b>ian liv+ 9 a b>b>\s "t is exactly l say+ t ,mrs4 ,eddy 0 a ,r$ ,indian4 ,& if ,i all[$ my con/itutional impati5ce ) ,mrs4 ,eddy to impel me to call h] a ,r$ ,indian1 ,i %\ld incid5tally be tell+ a lie4 ,we may l or dislike ! imp]ial civilisation ( ,rome 9 ! f\r? c5tury2 we may l or dislike ! indu/rial civilisation ( ,am]ica 9 ! n9ete5? c5tury2 b t !y bo? 7 :at we commonly mean by a civilisation no p]son ( common s5se c\ld d5y if he want$ to4 ,?is is a v obvi\s fact1 b x is also a v fundam5tal "o2 & we mu/ make x ! f\ndation ( any fur!r description ( con/ructive ,*ri/ianity 9 ! pa/4 ,= good or evil1 x 0 pre-em95tly ! product ( a civilis$ age1 p]haps ( an ov]-civilis$ age4 ,?is is ! fir/ fact ap>t f all praise or blame2 inde$ ,i am s un=tunate z n to feel t ,i praise a ?+ :5 ,i comp>e x to ,*ri/ian ,sci5ce4 ,b x is at lea/ desirable to "k some?+ ( ! sav\r ( a society 9 :i* we are condemn+ or prais+ any?+2 & ! sci5ce t connects ,mrs4 ,eddy ) tomahawks or ! ,mat] ,dolorosa ) totems may = our g5]al conv5i5ce be elim9at$4 ,! dom9ant fact1 n m]ely ab\t ! ,*ri/ian religion1 b ab\t ! :ole pagan civilisation1 0 t :i* has be5 m ?an once repeat$ 9 ^! pages4 ,! ,m$it]ranean 0 a lake 9 ! real s5se ( a pool2 9 :i* a numb] ( diff]5t cults or cultures 71 z ! phrase goes1 pool$4 ,^? cities fac+ ea* o!r r\nd ! circle ( ! lake became m & m "o cosmopolitan culture4 ,on its legal & milit>y side x 0 ! ,roman ,empire2 b x 0 v _m-sid$4 ,x might be call$ sup]/iti\s 9 ! s5se t x conta9$ a great numb] ( v>i$ sup]/itions2 b by no possibility c any "p ( x be call$ b>b>\s4 ,9 ?is level ( cosmopolitan culture arose ! ,*ri/ian religion & ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*2 & ev]y?+ 9 ! /ory sugge/s t x 0 felt to be some?+ new & /range4 ,^? :o h tri$ to sugge/ t x evolv$ out ( some?+ mu* mild] or m ord9>y h f\nd t 9 ?is case _! evolution>y me?od is v difficult to apply4 ,!y may sugge/ t ,ess5es or ,ebionites or su* ?+s 7 ! se$2 b ! se$ is invisible2 ! tree appe>s v rapidly full-gr[n2 & ! tree is some?+ totally diff]5t4 ,x is c]ta9ly a ,*ri/mas tree 9 ! s5se t x keeps ! k9dl9ess & moral beauty ( ! /ory ( ,be?lehem2 b x 0 z rituali/ic z ! sev5-bran*$ c&le/ick1 & ! c&les x c>ri$ 7 consid]ably m ?an 7 probably p]mitt$ by ! fir/ pray]-book ( ,edw>d ! ,six?4 ,x might well be ask$1 inde$1 :y any "o accept+ ! ,be?lehem tradition %\ld object to gold5 or gild$ ornam5t s9ce ! ,magi !mselves br\ght gold2 :y he %\ld dislike inc5se 9 ! *ur* s9ce inc5se 0 br\ght ev5 to ! /able4 ,b ^! are controv]sies t d n conc]n me "h4 ,i am conc]n$ only ) ! hi/orical fact1 m & m admitt$ by hi/orians1 t v e>ly 9 its hi/ory ?is ?+ became visible to ! civilisation ( antiquity2 & t already ! ,*ur* appe>$ z a ,*ur*2 ) ev]y?+ t is impli$ 9 a ,*ur* & mu* t is dislik$ 9 a ,*ur*4 ,we w discuss 9 a mom5t h[ f> x 0 l o!r rituali/ic or magical or ascetical my/]ies 9 its own "t4 ,x 0 c]ta9ly n 9 ! lea/ l m]ely e?ical & ideali/ic movem5ts 9 our "t4 ,x _h a doctr9e2 x _h a discipl9e2 x _h sacram5ts2 x _h degrees ( initiation2 x admitt$ p & expell$ p2 x affirm$ "o dogma ) au?ority & repudiat$ ano!r ) ana!mas4 ,if all ^! ?+s be ! m>ks ( ,anti*ri/1 ! reign ( ,anti*ri/ foll[$ v rapidly ^u ,*ri/4 ,^? :o ma9ta9 t ,*ri/ianity 0 n a ,*ur* b a moral movem5t ( ideali/s h be5 =c$ to pu% ! p]iod ( its p]v]sion or disappe>ance fur!r & fur!r back4 ,a bi%op ( ,rome writes claim+ au?ority 9 ! v lifetime ( ,/4 ,john ! ,evangeli/2 & x is describ$ z ! fir/ papal aggression4 ,a fri5d ( ! ,apo/les writes ( !m z m5 he knew1 & says !y taught him ! doctr9e ( ! ,sacram5t2 & ,mr4 ,wells c only murmur t ! reaction t[>ds b>b>ic blood-rites may h happ5$ r e>li] ?an might be expect$4 ,! date ( ! ,f\r? ,gospel1 :i* at "o "t 0 /eadily gr[+ lat] & lat]1 is n[ /eadily gr[+ e>li] & e>li]2 until critics are /agg]$ at ! dawn+ & dreadful possibility t x might be some?+ l :at x pr(esses to be4 ,! la/ limit ( an e>ly date = ! ext9ction ( true ,*ri/ianity has probably be5 f\nd by ! late/ ,g]man pr(essor ^: au?ority is invok$ by ,dean ,+e4 ,?is le>n$ s*ol> says t ,p5teco/ 0 ! occasion = ! fir/ f\nd+ ( an ecclesia/ical1 dogmatic & despotic ,*ur* utt]ly ali5 to ! simple ideals ( ,jesus ( ,naz>e?4 ,?is may be call$1 9 a popul> z well z a le>n$ s5se1 ! limit4 ,:at d pr(essors ( ?is k9d imag9e t m5 are made (8 ,suppose x 7 a matt] ( any m]ely human movem5t1 let u say t ( ! ,consci5ti\s ,objectors4 ,"s say ! e>ly ,*ri/ians 7 ,pacifi/s2 ,i d n believe x = a mom5t2 b ,i am q ready to accept ! p>allel = ! sake ( ! argum5t4 ,tol/oy or "s great prea*] ( peace among peasants has be5 %ot z a mut9e] = defy+ conscription2 & a mon? or s aft] 8 few foll[]s meet toge!r 9 an upp] room 9 remembrance ( him4 ,!y nev] _h any reason = com+ toge!r except t common memory2 !y are m5 ( _m k9ds ) no?+ to b9d !m1 except t ! greate/ ev5t 9 all _! lives 0 ?is trag$y ( ! tea*] ( univ]sal peace4 ,!y are always repeat+ 8 words1 revolv+ 8 problems1 try+ to imitate 8 "*4 ,! ,pacifi/s meet at _! ,p5teco/ & are possess$ ( a sudd5 ec/asy ( en?usiasm & wild ru% ( ! :irlw9d ( inspiration1 9 ! c\rse ( :i* !y proce$ to e/abli% univ]sal ,conscription1 to increase ! ,navy ,e/imates1 to insi/ on ev]ybody go+ ab\t arm$ to ! tee? & on all ! fronti]s bri/l+ ) artill]y2 ! proce$+s conclud+ ) ! s++ ( #8,boys ( ! ,bulldog ,bre$' & #8,don't let !m scrap ! ,briti% ,navy4' ,t is some?+ l a fair p>allel to ! !ory ( ^! critics2 t ! transition f _! idea ( ,jesus to _! idea ( ,ca?olicism c\ld h be5 made 9 ! little upp] room at ,p5teco/4 ,surely anybody's common s5se w\ld tell him t en?usia/s1 :o only met ?r\gh _! common en?usiasm = a lead] :om !y lov$1 w\ld n in/antly ru% away to e/abli% ev]y?+ t he hat$4 ,no1 if ! #8ecclesia/ical & dogmatic sy/em' is z old z ,p5teco/ x is z old z ,*ri/mas4 ,if we trace x back to su* v e>ly ,*ri/ians we mu/ trace x back to ,*ri/4 ,we may beg9 !n ) ^! two negations4 ,x is nons5se to say t ! ,*ri/ian fai? appe>$ 9 a simple age2 9 ! s5se ( an unlett]$ & gullible age4 ,x is equally nons5se to say t ! ,*ri/ian fai? 0 a simple ?+2 9 ! s5se ( a vague or *ildi% or m]ely in/9ctive ?+4 ,p]haps ! only po9t 9 :i* we c\ld possibly say t ! ,*ur* fitt$ into ! pagan _w is ! fact t !y 7 bo? n only highly civilis$ b r complicat$4 ,!y 7 bo? emphatically _m-sid$2 b antiquity 0 !n a _m-sid$ hole1 l a hexagonal hole wait+ = an equally hexagonal /opp]4 ,9 t s5se only ! ,*ur* 0 _m-sid$ en\gh to fit ! _w4 ,! six sides ( ! ,m$it]ranean _w fac$ ea* o!r across ! sea & wait$ = some?+ t %\ld look all ways at once4 ,! ,*ur* _h to be bo? ,roman & ,greek & ,jewi% & ,african & ,asiatic4 ,9 ! v words ( ! ,apo/le ( ! ,g5tiles1 x 0 inde$ all ?+s to all m54 ,*ri/ianity !n 0 n m]ely crude & simple1 & 0 ! v rev]se ( ! gr[? ( a b>b>ic "t4 ,b :5 we come to ! contr>y *>ge1 we come to a mu* m plausible *>ge4 ,x is v mu* m t5able t ! ,fai? 0 b ! f9al phase ( ! decay ( civilisation1 9 ! s5se ( ! excess ( civilisation2 t ?is sup]/ition 0 a sign t ,rome 0 dy+1 & dy+ ( be+ mu* too civilis$4 ,t is an argum5t mu* bett] wor? consid]+2 & we w proce$ to consid] x4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( ?is book ,i v5tur$ on a g5]al summ>y ( x1 9 a p>allel betwe5 ! rise ( humanity out ( nature & ! rise ( ,*ri/ianity out ( hi/ory4 ,i po9t$ out t 9 bo? cases :at _h gone be=e might imply some?+ com+ aft]2 b did n 9 ! lea/ imply :at did come aft]4 ,if a deta*$ m9d _h se5 c]ta9 apes x might h d$uc$ m an?ropoids2 x w\ld n h d$uc$ man or any?+ )9 a ?\s& miles ( :at man has done4 ,9 %ort1 x might h se5 ,pi?acan?ropus or ! ,miss+ ,l9k loom+ 9 ! future1 if possible almo/ z dimly & d\btfully z we see him loom+ 9 ! pa/4 ,b if x =esaw him appe>+ x w\ld also =esee him disappe>+1 & leav+ a few fa9t traces j z he has left a few fa9t traces2 if !y are traces4 ,to =esee t ,miss+ ,l9k w\ld n be to =esee ,man1 or any?+ l ,man4 ,n[ ?is e>li] explanation mu/ be kept 9 m9d2 because x is an exact p>allel to ! true view ( ! ,*ur*2 & ! sugge/ion ( x hav+ evolv$ naturally out ( ! ,empire 9 decay4 ,! tru? is t 9 "o s5se a man might v well h pr$ict$ t ! imp]ial decad5ce w\ld produce some?+ l ,*ri/ianity4 ,t is1 some?+ a little l & gigantically diff]5t4 ,a man might v well h said1 = in/ance1 #8,pleasure has be5 pursu$ s extravagantly t !re w be a reaction into pessimism4 ,p]haps x w take ! =m ( asceticism2 m5 w mutilate !mselves in/ead ( m]ely hang+ !mselves4' ,or a man might v reasonably h said1 #8,if we we>y ( our ,greek & ,lat9 gods we %all be hank]+ aft] "s ea/]n my/]y or o!r2 !re w be a fa%ion 9 ,p]sians or ,h9doos4' ,or a man ( ! _w might well h be5 %rewd en\gh to say1 #8,p[]ful p are pick+ up ^! fads2 "s day ! c\rt w adopt "o ( !m & x may become (ficial4' ,or yet ano!r & gloomi] prophet might be p>don$ = say+1 #8,! _w is go+ d[n-hill2 d>k & b>b>\s sup]/itions w return1 x does n matt] mu* :i*4 ,!y w all be =mless & fugitive l dreams ( ! night4' ,n[ x is ! int5se int]e/ ( ! case t all ^! prophecies 7 really fulfill$2 b x 0 n ! ,*ur* t fulfill$ !m4 ,x 0 ! ,*ur* t escap$ f !m1 conf\nd$ !m1 & rose above !m 9 triumph4 ,9 s f> z x 0 probable t ! m]e nature ( h$onism w\ld produce a m]e reaction ( asceticism1 x did produce a m]e reaction ( asceticism4 ,x 0 ! movem5t call$ ,mani*ean1 & ! ,*ur* 0 its mortal enemy4 ,9 s f> z x w\ld h naturally appe>$ at t po9t ( hi/ory1 x did appe>2 x did also disappe>1 :i* 0 equally natural4 ,! m]e pessimi/ reaction did come ) ! ,mani*ees & did g ) ! ,mani*ees4 ,b ! ,*ur* did n come ) !m or g ) !m2 & %e _h mu* m to d ) _! go+ ?an ) _! com+4 ,or aga91 9 s f> z x 0 probable t ev5 ! gr[? ( scepticism w\ld br+ 9 a fa%ion ( ea/]n religion1 x did br+ x 92 ,mi?ras came f f> beyond ,pale/9e out ( ! he>t ( ,p]sia1 br++ /range my/]ies ( ! blood ( bulls4 ,c]ta9ly !re 0 ev]y?+ to %[ t "s su* fa%ion w\ld h come 9 any case4 ,b c]ta9ly !re is no?+ 9 ! _w to %[ t x w\ld n h pass$ away 9 any case4 ,c]ta9ly an ,ori5tal fad 0 some?+ em95tly fitt$ to ! f\r? or fif? c5tury2 b t h>dly expla9s x hav+ rema9$ to ! tw5tie? c5tury1 & /ill go+ /rong4 ,9 %ort1 9 s f> z ?+s ( ! k9d might h be5 expect$ !n1 ?+s l ,mi?raism 7 exp]i5c$ !n2 b x sc>cely expla9s our m rec5t exp]i5ces4 ,& if we 7 /ill ,mi?rai/s m]ely because ,mi?raic head-dresses & o!r ,p]sian app>atuses might be expect$ to be all ! rage 9 ! days ( ,domitian1 x w\ld almo/ seem by ?is "t t we mu/ be a little d[dy4 ,x is ! same1 z w be sugge/$ 9 a mom5t1 ) ! idea ( (ficial fav\ritism4 ,9 s f> z su* fav\ritism %[n t[>ds a fad 0 some?+ t might h be5 look$ = dur+ ! decl9e & fall ( ! ,roman ,empire1 x 0 some?+ t did exi/ 9 t ,empire & did decl9e & fall ) x4 ,x ?r[s no sort ( light on ! ?+ t resolutely refus$ to decl9e & fall2 t grew /eadily :ile ! o!r 0 decl9+ & fall+2 & :i* ev5 at ?is mom5t is go+ =w>d ) fe>less en]gy1 :5 ano!r aeon has complet$ its cycle & ano!r civilisation seems almo/ ready to fall or to decl9e4 ,n[ ! curi\s fact is ?is2 t ! v h]esies :i* ! ,e>ly ,*ur* is blam$ = cru%+ te/ify to ! unfairness = :i* %e is blam$4 ,9 s f> z some?+ des]v$ ! blame1 x 0 precisely ! ?+s t %e is blam$ = blam+4 ,9 s f> z some?+ 0 m]ely a sup]/ition1 %e h]self condemn$ t sup]/ition4 ,9 s f> z some?+ 0 a m]e reaction into b>b>ism1 %e h]self resi/$ x because x 0 a reaction into b>b>ism4 ,9 s f> z some?+ 0 a fad ( ! fad+ empire1 t di$ & des]v$ to die1 x 0 ! ,*ur* alone t kill$ x4 ,! ,*ur* is reproa*$ = be+ exactly :at ! h]esy 0 repress$ = be+4 ,! explanations ( ! evolution>y hi/orians & high] critics d really expla9 :y ,arianism & ,gno/icism & ,ne/orianism 7 born--& also :y !y di$4 ,!y d n expla9 :y ! ,*ur* 0 born or :y %e has refus$ to die4 ,above all1 !y d n expla9 :y %e %\ld h made w> on ! v evils %e is suppos$ to %>e4 ,let u take a few practical examples ( ! pr9ciple2 ! pr9ciple t if !re 0 any?+ t 0 really a sup]/ition ( ! dy+ empire1 x did really die ) ! dy+ empire2 & c]ta9ly 0 n ! same z ! v ?+ t de/roy$ x4 ,= ?is purpose we w take 9 ord] two or ?ree ( ! mo/ ord9>y explanations ( ,*ri/ian orig9s among ! mod]n critics ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,no?+ is m common1 = in/ance1 ?an to f9d su* a mod]n critic writ+ some?+ l ?is3 #8,*ri/ianity 0 above all a movem5t ( ascetics1 a ru% into ! des]t1 a refuge 9 ! cloi/]1 a r5unciation ( all life & happ9ess2 & ?is 0 a "p ( a gloomy & inhuman reaction aga9/ nature itself1 a hatr$ ( ! body1 a horror ( ! mat]ial univ]se1 a sort ( univ]sal suicide ( ! s5ses & ev5 ( ! self4 ,x came f an ea/]n fanaticism l t ( ! fakirs & 0 ultimately f\nd$ on an ea/]n pessimism1 :i* seems to feel exi/5ce itself z an evil4' ,n[ ! mo/ extraord9>y ?+ ab\t ?is is t x is all q true2 x is true 9 e detail except t x happ5s to be attribut$ entirely to ! wrong p]son4 ,x is n true ( ! ,*ur*2 b x is true ( ! h]etics condemn$ by ! ,*ur*4 ,x is z if "o 7 to write a mo/ detail$ analysis ( ! mi/akes & misgov]nm5t ( ! m9i/]s ( ,george ! ,?ird1 m]ely ) ! small inaccuracy t ! :ole /ory 0 told ab\t ,george ,wa%+ton2 or z if somebody made a li/ ( ! crimes ( ! ,bol%evi/s ) no v>iation except t !y 7 all attribut$ to ! ,cz>4 ,! e>ly ,*ur* 0 inde$ v ascetic1 9 connection ) a totally diff]5t philosophy2 b ! philosophy ( a w> on life & nature z su* really did exi/ 9 ! _w1 if ! critics only knew :]e to look = x4 ,:at really happ5$ 0 ?is4 ,:5 ! ,fai? fir/ em]g$ into ! _w1 ! v fir/ ?+ t happ5$ to x 0 t x 0 caught 9 a sort ( sw>m ( my/ical & metaphysical sects1 mo/ly out ( ! ,ea/2 l "o lonely gold5 bee caught 9 a sw>m ( wasps4 ,to ! ord9>y onlook]1 !re did n seem to be mu* diff]5ce1 or any?+ beyond a g5]al buzz2 inde$ 9 a s5se !re 0 n mu* diff]5ce1 s f> z /++ & be+ /ung 7 conc]n$4 ,! diff]5ce 0 t only "o gold5 dot 9 all t :irr+ gold-du/ _h ! p[] ( go+ =? to make hives = all humanity2 to give ! _w honey & wax or 7z 0 s f9ely said 9 a context too easily =gott57 #8! two noble/ ?+s1 :i* are sweetness & light4' ,! wasps all di$ t w9t]2 & half ! difficulty is t h>dly any "o kn[s any?+ ab\t !m & mo/ p d n "k t !y ev] exi/$2 s t ! :ole /ory ( t fir/ phase ( our religion is lo/4 ,or1 to v>y ! metaphor1 :5 ?is movem5t or "s o!r movem5t pi]c$ ! dyke betwe5 ! ea/ & we/ & br\ght m my/ical ideas into ,europe1 x br\ght ) x a :ole flood ( o!r my/ical ideas besides its own1 mo/ ( !m ascetical & ne>ly all ( !m pessimi/ic4 ,!y v ne>ly flood$ & ov]:elm$ ! purely ,*ri/ian elem5t4 ,!y came mo/ly f t region t 0 a sort ( dim bord]l& betwe5 ! ea/]n philosophies & ! ea/]n my?ologies1 & :i* %>$ ) ! wild] philosoph]s t curi\s craze = mak+ fanta/ic patt]ns ( ! cosmos 9 ! %ape ( maps & g5ealogical trees4 ,^? t are suppos$ to d]ive f ! my/]i\s ,manes are call$ ,mani*ean2 k9dr$ cults are m g5]ally kn[n z ,gno/ic2 !y are mo/ly ( a labyr9?9e complexity1 b ! po9t to insi/ on is ! pessimism2 ! fact t ne>ly all 9 "o =m or ano!r reg>d$ ! creation ( ! _w z ! "w ( an evil _s4 ,"s ( !m _h t ,asiatic atmosph]e t surr\nds ,buddhism2 ! sugge/ion t life is a corruption ( ! purity ( be+4 ,"s ( !m sugge/$ a purely spiritual ord] :i* _h be5 betray$ by ! co>se & clumsy trick ( mak+ su* toys z ! sun & moon & />s4 ,anyh[ all ?is d>k tide out ( ! metaphysical sea 9 ! mid/ ( ,asia p\r$ ?r\gh ! dykes simultane\sly ) ! cre$ ( ,*ri/2 b x is ! :ole po9t ( ! /ory t ! two 7 n ! same2 t !y fl[$ l oil & wat]4 ,t cre$ rema9$ 9 ! %ape ( a miracle2 a riv] /ill fl[+ ?r\gh ! sea4 ,& ! pro( ( ! miracle 0 practical once m2 x 0 m]ely t :ile all t sea 0 salt & bitt] ) ! sav\r ( dea?1 ( ?is "o /ream 9 ! mid/ ( x a man c\ld dr9k4 ,n[ t purity 0 pres]v$ by dogmatic def9itions & exclusions4 ,x c\ld n possibly h be5 pres]v$ by any?+ else4 ,if ! ,*ur* _h n r5\nc$ ! ,mani*eans x might h become m]ely ,mani*ean4 ,if x _h n r5\nc$ ! ,gno/ics x might h become ,gno/ic4 ,b by ! v fact t x did r5\nce !m x prov$ t x 0 n ei!r ,gno/ic or ,mani*ean4 ,at any rate x prov$ t some?+ 0 n ei!r ,gno/ic or ,mani*ean2 & :at c\ld x be t condemn$ !m1 if x 0 n ! orig9al good news ( ! runn]s f ,be?lehem & ! trumpet ( ! ,resurrection8 ,! e>ly ,*ur* 0 ascetic1 b %e prov$ t %e 0 n pessimi/ic1 simply by condemn+ ! pessimi/s4 ,! cre$ decl>$ t man 0 s9ful1 b x did n decl>e t life 0 evil1 & x prov$ x by damn+ ^? :o did4 ,! condemnation ( ! e>ly h]etics is itself condemn$ z some?+ crabb$ & n>r[2 b x 0 9 tru? ! v pro( t ! ,*ur* meant to be bro!rly & broad4 ,x prov$ t ! primitive ,ca?olics 7 specially eag] to expla9 t !y did n ?9k man utt]ly vile2 t !y did n ?9k life incurably mis]able2 t !y did n ?9k m>riage a s9 or procreation a trag$y4 ,!y 7 ascetic because asceticism 0 ! only possible purge ( ! s9s ( ! _w2 b 9 ! v ?und] ( _! ana!mas !y affirm$ = ev] t _! asceticism 0 n to be anti-human or anti-natural2 t !y did wi% to purge ! _w & n de/roy x4 ,& no?+ else except ^? ana!mas c\ld possibly h made x cle>1 amid a confusion :i* /ill confuses !m ) _! mortal enemies4 ,no?+ else b dogma c\ld h resi/$ ! riot ( imag9ative inv5tion ) :i* ! pessimi/s 7 wag+ _! w> aga9/ nature2 ) _! ,aeons & _! ,demiurge1 _! /range ,logos & _! s9i/] ,sophia4 ,if ! ,*ur* _h n insi/$ on !ology1 x w\ld h melt$ into a mad my?ology ( ! my/ics1 yet fur!r remov$ f reason or ev5 f rationalism2 &1 above all1 yet fur!r remov$ f life & f ! love ( life4 ,rememb] t x w\ld h be5 an inv]t$ my?ology1 "o contradict+ ev]y?+ natural 9 paganism2 a my?ology 9 :i* ,pluto w\ld be above ,jupit] & ,hades hang high] ?an ,olympus2 9 :i* ,brahma & all t has ! brea? ( life w\ld be subject to ,siva1 %9+ ) ! eye ( dea?4 ,t ! e>ly ,*ur* 0 itself full ( an ec/atic en?usiasm = r5unciation & virg9ity makes ?is di/9ction mu* m /rik+ & n less s4 ,x makes all ! m important ! place :]e ! dogma drew ! l9e4 ,a man might crawl ab\t on all f\rs l a bea/ because he 0 an ascetic4 ,he might /& night & day on ! top ( a pill> & be ador$ = be+ an ascetic4 ,b he c\ld n say t ! _w 0 a mi/ake or ! m>riage /ate a s9 )\t be+ a h]etic4 ,:at 0 x t ?us delib]ately dis5gag$ itself f ea/]n asceticism by %>p def9ition & fi]ce refusal1 if x 0 n some?+ ) an individuality ( its own2 & "o t 0 q diff]5t8 ,if ! ,ca?olics are to be confus$ ) ! ,gno/ics1 we c only say x 0 n _! fault if !y are4 ,& x is r h>d t ! ,ca?olics %\ld be blam$ by ! same critics = p]secut+ ! h]etics & also = sympa?is+ ) ! h]esy4 ,! ,*ur* 0 n a ,mani*ean movem5t1 if only because x 0 n a movem5t at all4 ,x 0 n ev5 m]ely an ascetical movem5t1 because x 0 n a movem5t at all4 ,x w\ld be ne>] ! tru? to call x ! tam] ( asceticism ?an ! m]e lead] or loos5] ( x4 ,x 0 a ?+ hav+ its own !ory ( asceticism1 its own type ( asceticism1 b mo/ conspicu\s at ! mom5t z ! mod]ator ( o!r !ories & types4 ,?is is ! only s5se t c be made1 = in/ance1 ( ! /ory ( ,/4 ,augu/9e4 ,z long z he 0 a m]e man ( ! _w1 a m]e man drift+ ) 8 "t1 he actually 0 a ,mani*ean4 ,x really 0 q mod]n & fa%ionable to be a ,mani*ean4 ,b :5 he became a ,ca?olic1 ! p he in/antly turn$ on & r5t 9 pieces 7 ! ,mani*eans4 ,! ,ca?olic way ( putt+ x is t he left (f be+ a pessimi/ to become an ascetic4 ,b z ! pessimi/s int]pret$ asceticism1 x might be said t he left (f be+ an ascetic to become a sa9t4 ,! w> ^u life1 ! d5ial ( nature1 7 exactly ! ?+s he _h already f\nd 9 ! hea!n _w outside ! ,*ur*1 & _h to r5\nce :5 he ent]$ ! ,*ur*4 ,! v fact t ,/4 ,augu/9e rema9s a some:at /]n] or sadd] figure ?an ,/4 ,francis or ,/4 ,t]esa only acc5tuates ! dilemma4 ,face to face ) ! grave/ or ev5 grimme/ ( ,ca?olics1 we c /ill ask1 #8,:y did ,ca?olicism make w> on ,mani*ees1 if ,ca?olicism 0 ,mani*ean8' ,take ano!r rationali/ic explanation ( ! rise ( ,*ri/5dom4 ,x is common en\gh to f9d ano!r critic say+1 #8,*ri/ianity did n really rise at all2 t is1 x did n m]ely rise f bel[2 x 0 impos$ f above4 ,x is an example ( ! p[] ( ! executive1 especially 9 despotic /ates4 ,! ,empire 0 really an ,empire2 t is1 x 0 really rul$ by ! ,emp]or4 ,"o ( ! ,emp]ors happ5$ to become a ,*ri/ian4 ,he might j z well h become a ,mi?rai/ or a ,jew or a ,fire-,wor%ipp]2 x 0 common 9 ! decl9e ( ! ,empire = em95t & educat$ p to adopt ^! ecc5tric ea/]n cults4 ,b :5 he adopt$ x1 x became ! (ficial religion ( ! ,roman ,empire2 & :5 x became ! (ficial religion ( ! ,roman ,empire1 x became z /rong1 z univ]sal1 & z inv9cible z ! ,roman ,empire4 ,x has only rema9$ 9 ! _w z a relic ( t ,empire2 or1 z _m h put x1 x is b ! gho/ ( ,caes> /ill hov]+ ov] ,rome4' ,?is also is a v ord9>y l9e tak5 9 ! criticism ( or?odoxy1 to say t x 0 only (ficialism t ev] made x or?odoxy4 ,& "h aga9 we c call on ! h]etics to refute x4 ,! :ole great hi/ory ( ! ,arian h]esy might h be5 inv5t$ to explode ?is idea4 ,x is a v int]e/+ hi/ory (t5 repeat$ 9 ?is connection2 & ! up%ot ( x is 9 t 9 s f> z !re ev] 0 a m]ely (ficial religion1 x actually di$ because x 0 a m]ely (ficial religion2 & :at de/roy$ x 0 ! real religion4 ,arius advanc$ a v]sion ( ,*ri/ianity :i* mov$1 m or less vaguely1 9 ! direction ( :at we %\ld call ,unit>ianism2 ?\gh x 0 n ! same1 = x gave to ,*ri/ a curi\s int]m$i>y position betwe5 ! div9e & human4 ,! po9t is t x seem$ to _m m reasonable & less fanatical2 & among ^! 7 _m ( ! educat$ class 9 a sort ( reaction aga9/ ! fir/ romance ( conv]sion4 ,arians 7 a sort ( mod]ates & a sort ( mod]ni/s4 ,& x 0 felt t aft] ! fir/ squabbles ?is 0 ! f9al =m ( rationalis$ religion into :i* civilisation might well settle d[n4 ,x 0 accept$ by ,divus ,caes> himself & became ! (ficial or?odoxy2 ! g5]als & milit>y pr9ces drawn f ! new b>b>ian p[]s ( ! nor?1 full ( ! future1 support$ x /rongly4 ,b ! sequel is /ill m important4 ,exactly z a mod]n man might pass ?r\gh ,unit>ianism to complete agno/icism1 s ! greate/ ( ! ,arian emp]ors ultimately %$ ! la/ & ?9ne/ pret5ce ( ,*ri/ianity2 he ab&on$ ev5 ,arius & return$ to ,apollo4 ,he 0 a ,caes> ( ! ,caes>s2 a soldi]1 a s*ol>1 a man ( l>ge ambitions & ideals2 ano!r ( ! philosoph] k+s4 ,x seem$ to him z if at 8 signal ! sun rose aga94 ,! oracles began to speak l birds beg9n+ to s+ at dawn2 paganism 0 itself aga92 ! gods return$4 ,x seem$ ! end ( t /range int]lude ( an ali5 sup]/ition4 ,& inde$ x 0 ! end ( x1 s f> z !re 0 a m]e int]lude ( m]e sup]/ition4 ,x 0 ! end ( x1 9 s f> z x 0 ! fad ( an emp]or or ! fa%ion ( a g5]ation4 ,if !re really 0 some?+ t began ) ,con/ant9e1 !n x end$ ) ,julian4 ,b !re 0 some?+ t did n end4 ,!re _h aris5 9 t h\r ( hi/ory1 defiant above ! democratic tumult ( ! ,c\ncils ( ! ,*ur*1 ,a?anasius aga9/ ! _w4 ,we may pause ^u ! po9t at issue2 because x is relevant to ! :ole ( ?is religi\s hi/ory1 & ! mod]n _w seems to miss ! :ole po9t ( x4 ,we might put x ?is way4 ,if !re is "o "q :i* ! enlight5$ & lib]al h ! habit ( d]id+ & hold+ up z a dreadful example ( b>r5 dogma & s5seless sect>ian /rife1 x is ?is ,a?anasian "q ( ! ,co-,et]nity ( ! ,div9e ,son4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if !re is "o ?+ t ! same lib]als always (f] u z a piece ( pure & simple ,*ri/ianity1 untr\bl$ by doctr9al disputes1 x is ! s+le s5t5ce1 #8,god is ,love4' ,yet ! two /atem5ts are almo/ id5tical2 at lea/ "o is v ne>ly nons5se )\t ! o!r4 ,! b>r5 dogma is only ! logical way ( /at+ ! beautiful s5tim5t4 ,= if !re be a be+ )\t beg9n+1 exi/+ be=e all ?+s1 0 ,he lov+ :5 !re 0 no?+ to be lov$8 ,if ?r\gh t un?9kable et]nity ,he is lonely1 :at is ! mean+ ( say+ ,he is love8 ,! only ju/ification ( su* a my/]y is ! my/ical conception t 9 ,8 own nature !re 0 some?+ analog\s to self-expression2 some?+ ( :at begets & beholds :at x has begott54 ,)\t "s su* idea1 x is really illogical to complicate ! ultimate ess5ce ( deity ) an idea l love4 ,if ! mod]ns really want a simple religion ( love1 !y mu/ look = x 9 ! ,a?anasian ,cre$4 ,! tru? is t ! trumpet ( true ,*ri/ianity1 ! *all5ge ( ! *>ities & simplicities ( ,be?lehem or ,*ri/mas ,day1 nev] rang out m arre/+ly & unmi/akably ?an 9 ! defiance ( ,a?anasius to ! cold compromise ( ! ,arians4 ,x 0 emphatically he :o really 0 fight+ = a ,god ( ,love aga9/ a ,god ( col\rless & remote cosmic control2 ! ,god ( ! /oics & ! agno/ics4 ,x 0 emphatically he :o 0 fight+ = ! ,holy ,*ild aga9/ ! grey deity ( ! ,ph>isees & ! ,sadducees4 ,he 0 fight+ = t v balance ( beautiful int]dep5d5ce & intimacy1 9 ! v ,tr9ity ( ! ,div9e ,nature1 t draws our he>ts to ! ,tr9ity ( ! ,holy ,family4 ,8 dogma1 if ! phrase be n misund]/ood1 turns ev5 ,god into a ,holy ,family4 ,t ?is purely ,*ri/ian dogma actually = a second "t rebell$ aga9/ ! ,empire1 & actually = a second "t ref\nd$ ! ,*ur* 9 spite ( ! ,empire1 is itself a pro( t !re 0 some?+ positive & p]sonal work+ 9 ! _w1 o!r ?an :atev] (ficial fai? ! ,empire *ose to adopt4 ,?is p[] utt]ly de/roy$ ! (ficial fai? t ! ,empire did adopt4 ,x w5t on its own way z x is go+ on its own way /ill4 ,!re are any numb] ( o!r examples 9 :i* is repeat$ precisely ! same process we h review$ 9 ! case ( ! ,mani*ean & ! ,arian4 ,a few c5turies aft]w>ds1 = in/ance1 ! ,*ur* _h to ma9ta9 ! same ,tr9ity1 :i* is simply ! logical side ( love1 aga9/ ano!r appe>ance ( ! isolat$ & simplifi$ deity 9 ! religion ( ,islam4 ,yet !re are "s :o _c see :at ! ,crusad]s 7 fight+ =2 & "s ev5 :o talk z if ,*ri/ianity _h nev] be5 any?+ b a =m ( :at !y call ,hebraism com+ 9 ) ! decay ( ,hell5ism4 ,^? p mu/ c]ta9ly be v mu* puzzl$ by ! w> betwe5 ! ,cresc5t & ! ,cross4 ,if ,*ri/ianity _h nev] be5 any?+ b a simpl] morality sweep+ away poly!ism1 !re is no reason :y ,*ri/5dom %\ld n h be5 swept into ,islam4 ,! tru? is t ,islam itself 0 a b>b>ic reaction aga9/ t v humane complexity t is really a ,*ri/ian "*2 t idea ( balance 9 ! deity1 z ( balance 9 ! family1 t makes t cre$ a sort ( sanity1 & t sanity ! s\l ( civilisation4 ,& t is :y ! ,*ur* is f ! fir/ a ?+ hold+ its own position & po9t ( view1 q ap>t f ! accid5ts & an>*ies ( its age4 ,t is :y x deals bl[s imp>tially "r & left1 at ! pessimism ( ! ,mani*ean or ! optimism ( ! ,pelagian4 ,x 0 n a ,mani*ean movem5t because x 0 n a movem5t at all4 ,x 0 n an (ficial fa%ion because x 0 n a fa%ion at all4 ,x 0 some?+ t c\ld co9cide ) movem5ts & fa%ions1 c\ld control !m & c\ld survive !m4 ,s might rise f _! graves ! great h]esi>*s to conf\nd _! comrades ( to-day4 ,!re is no?+ t ! critics n[ affirm t we _c call on ^! great witnesses to d5y4 ,! mod]n critic w say lightly en\gh t ,*ri/ianity 0 b a reaction into asceticism & anti-natural spirituality1 a dance ( fakirs furi\s aga9/ life & love4 ,b ,manes ! great my/ic w answ] !m f 8 secret ?rone & cry1 #8,^! ,*ri/ians h no "r to be call$ spiritual2 ^! ,*ri/ians h no title to be call$ ascetics2 !y :o compromis$ ) ! curse ( life & all ! fil? ( ! family4 ,?r\gh !m ! e>? is /ill f\l ) fruit & h>ve/ & pollut$ ) population4 ,!irs 0 no movem5t aga9/ nature1 or my *ildr5 w\ld h c>ri$ x to triumph2 b ^! fools r5ew$ ! _w :5 ,i w\ld h end$ x ) a ge/ure4' ,& ano!r critic w write t ! ,*ur* 0 b ! %ad[ ( ! ,empire1 ! fad ( a *ance ,emp]or1 & t x rema9s 9 ,europe only z ! gho/ ( ! p[] ( ,rome4 ,& ,arius ! deacon w answ] out ( ! d>kness ( oblivion3 #8,no1 inde$1 or ! _w w\ld h foll[$ my m reasonable religion4 ,= m9e w5t d[n be=e demagogues & m5 defy+ ,caes>2 & ar\nd my *ampion 0 ! purple cloak & m9e 0 ! glory ( ! eagles4 ,x 0 n = lack ( ^! ?+s t ,i fail$4' ,& yet a ?ird mod]n w ma9ta9 t ! cre$ spread only z a sort ( panic ( hell-fire2 m5 ev]y:]e attempt+ impossible ?+s 9 flee+ f incr$ible v5geance2 a nightm>e ( imag9>y remorse2 & su* an explanation w satisfy _m :o see some?+ dreadful 9 ! doctr9e ( or?odoxy4 ,& !n !re w g up aga9/ x ! t]rible voice ( ,t]tullian1 say+1 #8,& :y !n 0 ,i ca/ out2 & :y did s(t he>ts & heads decide aga9/ me :5 ,i proclaim$ ! p]dition ( all s9n]s2 & :at 0 ?is p[] t ?w>t$ me :5 ,i ?reat5$ all backslid]s ) hell8 ,= none ev] w5t up t h>d road s f> z ,i2 & m9e 0 ! ,cr$o ,quia ,impossibile4' ,!n !re is ! f\r? sugge/ion t !re 0 some?+ ( ! ,semitic secret society 9 ! :ole matt]2 t x 0 a new invasion ( ! nomad _s %ak+ a k9dli] & m com=table paganism1 its cities & its h\sehold gods2 :]eby ! jeal\s mono!i/ic races c\ld aft] all e/abli% _! jeal\s ,god4 ,& ,mahomet %all answ] out ( ! :irlw9d1 ! r$ :irlw9d ( ! des]t1 #8,:o ev] s]v$ ! jeal\sy ( ,god z ,i did or left him m lonely 9 ! sky8 ,:o ev] paid m hon\r to ,moses & ,abraham or won m victories ov] idols & ! images ( paganism8 ,& :at 0 ?is ?+ t ?ru/ me back ) ! en]gy ( a ?+ alive2 ^: fanaticism c\ld drive me f ,sicily & te> up my deep roots out ( ! rock ( ,spa98 ,:at fai? 0 !irs :o ?rong$ 9 ?\s&s ( e class & c\ntry cry+ out t my ru9 0 ! w ( ,god2 & :at hurl$ great ,godfrey z f a catapult ov] ! wall ( ,j]usalem2 & :at br\ght great ,sobieski l a ?und]bolt to ! gates ( ,vi5na8 ,i ?9k !re 0 m ?an y fancy 9 ! religion t has s mat*$ itself ) m9e4' ,^? :o w\ld sugge/ t ! fai? 0 a fanaticism are doom$ to an et]nal p]plexity4 ,9 _! acc\nt x is b\nd to appe> z fanatical = no?+1 & fanatical aga9/ ev]y?+4 ,x is ascetical & at w> ) ascetics1 ,roman & 9 revolt aga9/ ,rome1 mono!i/ic & fight+ furi\sly aga9/ mono!ism2 h>% 9 its condemnation ( h>%ness2 a riddle n to be expla9$ ev5 z unreason4 ,& :at sort ( unreason is x t seems reasonable to millions ( educat$ ,europeans ?r\gh all ! revolutions ( "s sixte5 hundr$ ye>s8 ,p are n amus$ ) a puzzle or a p>adox or a m]e muddle 9 ! m9d = all t "t4 ,i "k ( no explanation except t su* a ?+ is n unreason b reason2 t if x is fanatical x is fanatical = reason & fanatical aga9/ all ! unreasonable ?+s4 ,t is ! only explanation ,i c f9d ( a ?+ f ! fir/ s deta*$ & s confid5t1 condemn+ ?+s t look$ s l itself1 refus+ help f p[]s t seem$ s ess5tial to its exi/5ce1 %>+ on its human side all ! passions ( ! age1 yet always at ! supreme mom5t sudd5ly ris+ sup]ior to !m1 nev] say+ exactly :at x 0 expect$ to say & nev] ne$+ to unsay :at x _h said2 ,i c f9d no explanation except t1 l ,pallas f ! bra9 ( ,jove1 x _h inde$ come =? out ( ! m9d ( ,god1 mature & mighty & arm$ = judgm5t & = w>4 ,,*apt] ,v ,,! ,,escape ,,f ,,paganism ,! mod]n mission>y1 ) 8 palm-leaf hat & 8 umbrella1 has become r a figure ( fun4 ,he is *aff$ among m5 ( ! _w = ! ease ) :i* he c be eat5 by cannibals & ! n>r[ bigotry :i* makes him reg>d ! cannibal culture z l[] ?an 8 own4 ,p]haps ! be/ "p ( ! joke is t ! m5 ( ! _w d n see t ! joke is aga9/ !mselves4 ,x is r ridicul\s to ask a man j ab\t to be boil$ 9 a pot & eat51 at a purely religi\s fea/1 :y he does n reg>d all religions z equally fri5dly & frat]nal4 ,b !re is a m subtle criticism utt]$ aga9/ ! m old-fa%ion$ mission>y2 to ! effect t he g5]alises too broadly ab\t ! hea!n & pays too little att5tion to ! diff]5ce betwe5 ,mahomet & ,mumbo-,jumbo4 ,!re 0 probably tru? 9 ?is compla9t1 especially 9 ! pa/2 b x is my ma9 cont5tion "h t ! exagg]ation is all ! o!r way at pres5t4 ,x is ! temptation ( ! pr(essors to treat my?ologies too mu* z !ologies2 z ?+s ?or\ghly ?\ght out & s]i\sly held4 ,x is ! temptation ( ! intellectuals to take mu* too s]i\sly ! f9e %ades ( v>i\s s*ools 9 ! r irresponsible metaphysics ( ,asia4 ,above all1 x is _! temptation to miss ! real tru? impli$ 9 ! idea ( ,aqu9as contra ,g5tiles or ,a?anasius contra mundum4 ,if ! mission>y says1 9 fact1 t he is exceptional 9 be+ a ,*ri/ian1 & t ! re/ ( ! races & religions c be collectively classifi$ z hea!n1 he is p]fectly "r4 ,he may say x 9 q ! wrong _s1 9 :i* case he is spiritually wrong4 ,b 9 ! cold light ( philosophy & hi/ory1 he is intellectually "r4 ,he may n be "r-m9d$1 b he is "r4 ,he may n ev5 h a "r to be "r1 b he is "r4 ,! out] _w to :i* he br+s 8 cre$ really is some?+ subject to c]ta9 g5]alisations cov]+ all its v>ieties1 & is n m]ely a v>iety ( simil> cre$s4 ,p]haps x is 9 any case too mu* ( a temptation to pride or hypocrisy to call x hea!nry4 ,p]haps x w\ld be bett] simply to call x humanity4 ,b !re are c]ta9 broad *>act]i/ics ( :at we call humanity :ile x rema9s 9 :at we call hea!nry4 ,!y are n necess>ily bad *>act]i/ics2 "s ( !m are wor?y ( ! respect ( ,*ri/5dom2 "s ( !m h be5 absorb$ & transfigur$ 9 ! sub/ance ( ,*ri/5dom4 ,b !y exi/$ be=e ,*ri/5dom & !y /ill exi/ outside ,*ri/5dom1 z c]ta9ly z ! sea exi/$ be=e a boat & all r\nd a boat2 & !y h z /rong & z univ]sal & z unmi/akable a sav\r z ! sea4 ,= in/ance1 all real s*ol>s :o h /udi$ ! ,greek & ,roman culture say "o ?+ ab\t x4 ,!y agree t 9 ! anci5t _w religion 0 "o ?+ & philosophy q ano!r4 ,!re 0 v little ef=t to rationalise & at ! same "t to realise a real belief 9 ! gods4 ,!re 0 v little pret5ce ( any su* real belief among ! philosoph]s4 ,b nei!r _h ! passion or p]haps ! p[] to p]secute ! o!r1 save 9 p>ticul> & peculi> cases2 & nei!r ! philosoph] 9 8 s*ool nor ! prie/ 9 8 temple seems ev] to h s]i\sly contemplat$ 8 own concept z cov]+ ! _w4 ,a prie/ sacrific+ to ,artemis 9 ,calydon did n seem to ?9k t p w\ld "s day sacrifice to h] in/ead ( to ,isis beyond ! sea2 a sage foll[+ ! veget>ian rule ( ! ,neo-,py?agoreans did n seem to ?9k x w\ld univ]sally prevail & exclude ! me?ods ( ,epictetus or ,epicurus4 ,we may call ?is lib]ality if we l2 ,i am n deal+ ) an argum5t b describ+ an atmosph]e4 ,all ?is1 ,i say1 is admitt$ by all s*ol>s2 b :at nei!r ! le>n$ nor ! unle>n$ h fully realis$1 p]haps1 is t ?is description is really an exact description ( all non-,*ri/ian civilisation to-day2 & especially ( ! great civilisations ( ! ,ea/4 ,ea/]n paganism really is mu* m all ( a piece1 j z anci5t paganism 0 mu* m all ( a piece1 ?an ! mod]n critics admit4 ,x is a _m-col\r$ ,p]sian c>pet z ! o!rs 0 a v>i$ & tessellat$ ,roman pavem5t2 b ! "o real crack "r across t pavem5t came f ! e>?quake ( ! ,crucifixion4 ,! mod]n ,european seek+ 8 religion 9 ,asia is read+ 8 religion into ,asia4 ,religion !re is some?+ diff]5t2 x is bo? m & less4 ,he is l a man mapp+ out ! sea z l&2 m>k+ waves z m\nta9s2 n und]/&+ ! nature ( its peculi> p]man5ce4 ,x is p]fectly true t ,asia has its own dignity & poetry & high civilisation4 ,b x is n 9 ! lea/ true t ,asia has its own def9ite dom9ions ( moral gov]nm5t1 :]e all loyalty is conceiv$ 9 t]ms ( morality2 z :5 we say t ,irel& is ,ca?olic or t ,new ,engl& 0 ,puritan4 ,! map is n m>k$ out 9 religions1 9 our s5se ( *ur*es4 ,! /ate ( m9d is f> m subtle1 m relative1 m secretive1 m v>i$ & *ang+1 l ! col\rs ( ! snake4 ,! ,moslem is ! ne>e/ approa* to a militant ,*ri/ian2 & t is precisely because he is a mu* ne>] approa* to an envoy f we/]n civilisation4 ,! ,moslem 9 ! he>t ( ,asia almo/ /&s = ! s\l ( ,europe4 ,& z he /&s betwe5 !m & ,europe 9 ! matt] ( space1 s he /&s betwe5 !m & ,*ri/ianity 9 ! matt] ( "t4 ,9 t s5se ! ,moslems 9 ,asia are m]ely l ! ,ne/orians 9 ,asia4 ,islam1 hi/orically speak+1 is ! greate/ ( ! ea/]n h]esies4 ,x ow$ some?+ to ! q isolat$ & unique individuality ( ,israel2 b x ow$ m to ,byzantium & ! !ological en?usiasm ( ,*ri/5dom4 ,x ow$ some?+ ev5 to ! ,crusades4 ,x ow$ no?+ :atev] to ,asia4 ,x ow$ no?+ to ! atmosph]e ( ! anci5t & traditional _w ( ,asia1 ) its immemorial etiquette & its bottomless or bewild]+ philosophies4 ,all t anci5t & actual ,asia felt ! entrance ( ,islam z some?+ =eign & we/]n & w>like1 pi]c+ x l a spe>4 ,ev5 :]e we might trace 9 dott$ l9es ! doma9s ( ,asiatic religions1 we %\ld probably be read+ into !m some?+ dogmatic & e?ical belong+ to our own religion4 ,x is z if a ,european ignorant ( ! ,am]ican atmosph]e 7 to suppose t ea* #8/ate' 0 a sep>ate sov]eign /ate z patriotic z ,france or ,pol&2 or t :5 a ,yankee ref]r$ fondly to 8 #8home t[n' he meant he _h no o!r nation1 l a citiz5 ( anci5t ,a!ns or ,rome4 ,z he w\ld be read+ a p>ticul> sort ( loyalty into ,am]ica1 s we are read+ a p>ticul> sort ( loyalty into ,asia4 ,!re are loyalties ( o!r k9ds2 b n :at m5 on ! ,we/ mean by be+ a believ]1 by try+ to be a ,*ri/ian1 by be+ a good ,prote/ant or a practis+ ,ca?olic4 ,9 ! intellectual _w x means some?+ f> m vague & v>i$ by d\bts & speculations4 ,9 ! moral _w x means some?+ f> m loose & drift+4 ,a pr(essor ( ,p]sian at "o ( our great univ]sities1 s passionate a p>tisan ( ! ,ea/ z practically to pr(ess a contempt = ! ,we/1 said to a fri5d ( m9e3 #8,y w nev] und]/& ori5tal religions1 because y always conceive religion z connect$ ) e?ics4 ,?is k9d has really no?+ to d ) e?ics4' ,we h mo/ ( u kn[n "s ,ma/]s ( ! ,high] ,wisdom1 "s ,pilgrims ^u ! ,pa? to ,p[]1 "s ea/]n esot]ic sa9ts & se]s1 :o _h really no?+ to d ) e?ics4 ,some?+ diff]5t1 some?+ deta*$ & irresponsible1 t+es ! moral atmosph]e ( ,asia & t\*es ev5 t ( ,islam4 ,x 0 v reali/ically caught 9 ! atmosph]e ( ,hassan2 & a v horrible atmosph]e too4 ,x is ev5 m vivid 9 su* glimpses z we get ( ! g5u9e & anci5t cults ( ,asia4 ,deep] ?an ! dep?s ( metaphysics1 f> d[n 9 ! abysses ( my/ical m$itations1 "u all t solemn univ]se ( spiritual ?+s1 is a secret1 an intangible & a t]rible levity4 ,x does n really v mu* matt] :at "o does4 ,ei!r because !y d n believe 9 a devil1 or because !y d believe 9 a de/9y1 or because exp]i5ce "h is ev]y?+ & et]nal life some?+ totally diff]5t1 b = "s reason !y are totally diff]5t4 ,i h read some:]e t !re 7 ?ree great fri5ds fam\s 9 m$ieval ,p]sia = _! unity ( m9d4 ,"o became ! responsible & respect$ ,vizi] ( ! ,great ,k+2 ! second 0 ! poet ,om>1 pessimi/ & epicurean1 dr9k+ w9e 9 mock]y ( ,mahomet2 ! ?ird 0 ! ,old ,man ( ! ,m\nta9 :o madd5$ 8 p ) ha%i% t !y might murd] o!r p ) dagg]s4 ,x does n really mu* matt] :at "o does4 ,! ,sultan 9 ,hassan w\ld h und]/ood all ^? ?ree m52 inde$ he 0 all ^? ?ree m54 ,b ?is sort ( univ]sali/ _c h :at we call a "*2 x is :at we call a *aos4 ,he _c *oose2 he _c fight2 he _c rep5t2 he _c hope4 ,he is n 9 ! same s5se creat+ some?+2 = creation means rejection4 ,he is n1 9 our religi\s phrase1 mak+ 8 s\l4 ,= our doctr9e ( salvation does really mean a lab\r l t ( a man try+ to make a /atue beautiful2 a victory ) w+s4 ,= t !re mu/ be a f9al *oice2 = a man _c make /atues )\t reject+ /one4 ,& !re really is ?is ultimate unmorality beh9d ! metaphysics ( ,asia4 ,& ! reason is t !re has be5 no?+ ?r\gh all ^? un?9kable ages to br+ ! human m9d %>ply to ! po9t2 to tell x t ! "t has come to *oose4 ,! m9d has liv$ too mu* 9 et]nity4 ,! s\l has be5 too immortal2 9 ! special s5se t x ignores ! idea ( mortal s94 ,x has _h too mu* ( et]nity1 9 ! s5se t x has n _h en\gh ( ! h\r ( dea? & ! day ( judgm5t4 ,x is n crucial en\gh2 9 ! lit]al s5se t x has n _h en\gh ( ! cross4 ,t is :at we mean :5 we say t ,asia is v old4 ,b /rictly speak+ ,europe is q z old z ,asia2 inde$ 9 a s5se any place is z old z any o!r place4 ,:at we mean is t ,europe has n m]ely gone on gr[+ old]4 ,x has be5 born aga94 ,asia is all humanity2 z x has work$ out its human doom4 ,asia1 9 its va/ t]ritory1 9 its v>i$ populations1 9 its heights ( pa/ a*ievem5t & its dep?s ( d>k speculation1 is itself a _w2 & repres5ts some?+ ( :at we mean :5 we speak ( ! _w4 ,x is a cosmos r ?an a cont95t4 ,x is ! _w z man has made x2 & conta9s _m ( ! mo/ wond]ful ?+s t man has made4 ,!re=e ,asia /&s z ! "o repres5tative ( paganism & ! "o rival to ,*ri/5dom4 ,b ev]y:]e else :]e we get glimpses ( t mortal de/9y1 !y sugge/ /ages 9 ! same /ory4 ,:]e ,asia trails away into ! s\!rn ar*ipelagoes ( ! savages1 or :]e a d>kness full ( nameless %apes dwells 9 ! he>t ( ,africa1 or :]e ! la/ survivors ( lo/ races l+] 9 ! cold volcano ( prehi/oric ,am]ica1 x is all ! same /ory2 sometimes p]haps lat] *apt]s ( ! same /ory4 ,x is m5 entangl$ 9 ! =e/ ( _! own my?ology2 x is m5 dr[n$ 9 ! sea ( _! own metaphysics4 ,poly!i/s h gr[n we>y ( ! wilde/ ( fictions4 ,mono!i/s h gr[n we>y ( ! mo/ wond]ful ( tru?s4 ,diaboli/s "h & !re h su* a hatr$ ( heav5 & e>? t !y h tri$ to take refuge 9 hell4 ,x is ! ,fall ( ,man2 & x is exactly t fall t 0 be+ felt by our own fa!rs at ! fir/ mom5t ( ! ,roman decl9e4 ,we also 7 go+ d[n t wide road2 d[n t easy slope2 foll[+ ! magnific5t procession ( ! high civilisations ( ! _w4 ,if ! ,*ur* _h n ent]$ ! _w !n1 x seems probable t ,europe w\ld be n[ v mu* :at ,asia is n[4 ,some?+ may be all[$ = a real diff]5ce ( race & environm5t1 visible 9 ! anci5t z 9 ! mod]n _w4 ,b aft] all we talk ab\t ! *angeless ,ea/ v l>gely because x has n suff]$ ! great *ange4 ,paganism 9 its la/ phase %[$ consid]able signs ( becom+ equally *angeless4 ,?is w\ld n mean t new s*ools or sects ( philosophy w\ld n arise2 z new s*ools did arise 9 ,antiquity & d arise 9 ,asia4 ,x does n mean t !re w\ld be no real my/ics or vision>ies2 z !re 7 my/ics 9 ,antiquity & are my/ics 9 ,asia4 ,x does n mean t !re w\ld be no social codes1 z !re 7 codes 9 ,antiquity & are codes 9 ,asia4 ,x does n mean t !re c\ld n be good m5 or happy lives1 = ,god has giv5 all m5 a consci5ce & consci5ce c give all m5 a k9d ( peace4 ,b x does mean t ! tone & proportion ( all ^! ?+s1 & especially ! proportion ( good & evil ?+s1 w\ld be 9 ! un*ang$ ,we/ :at !y are 9 ! *angeless ,ea/4 ,& nobody :o looks at t *angeless ,ea/ hone/ly1 & ) a real sympa?y1 c believe t !re is any?+ !re remotely resembl+ ! *all5ge & revolution ( ! ,fai?4 ,9 %ort1 if classic paganism _h l+]$ until n[1 a numb] ( ?+s might well h l+]$ ) x2 & !y w\ld look v l :at we call ! religions ( ! ,ea/4 ,!re w\ld /ill be ,py?agoreans tea*+ re9c>nation1 z !re are /ill ,h9dus tea*+ re9c>nation4 ,!re w\ld /ill be ,/oics mak+ a religion out ( reason & virtue1 z !re are /ill ,confucians mak+ a religion out ( reason & virtue4 ,!re w\ld /ill be ,neo-,platoni/s /udy+ transc5d5tal tru?s1 ! mean+ ( :i* 0 my/]i\s to o!r p & disput$ ev5 among/ !mselves2 z ! ,buddhi/s /ill /udy a transc5d5talism my/]i\s to o!rs & disput$ among !mselves4 ,!re w\ld /ill be intellig5t ,apollonians app>5tly wor%ipp+ ! sun-god b expla9+ t !y 7 wor%ipp+ ! div9e pr9ciple2 j z !re are /ill intellig5t ,p>sees app>5tly wor%ipp+ ! sun b expla9+ t !y are wor%ipp+ ! deity4 ,!re w\ld /ill be wild ,dionysians danc+ on ! m\nta9 z !re are /ill wild ,d]vi%es danc+ 9 ! des]t4 ,!re w\ld /ill be cr[ds ( p att5d+ ! popul> fea/s ( ! gods1 9 pagan ,europe z 9 pagan ,asia4 ,!re w\ld /ill be cr[ds ( gods1 local & o!r1 = !m to wor%ip4 ,& !re w\ld /ill be a great _m m p :o wor%ipp$ !m ?an p :o believ$ 9 !m4 ,f9ally !re w\ld /ill be a v l>ge numb] ( p :o did wor%ip gods & did believe 9 gods2 & :o believ$ 9 gods & wor%ipp$ gods simply because !y 7 demons4 ,!re w\ld /ill be ,levant9es secretly sacrific+ to ,molo* z !re are /ill ,?ugs secretly sacrific+ to ,kalee4 ,!re w\ld /ill be a great deal ( magic2 & a great deal ( x w\ld be black magic4 ,!re w\ld /ill be a consid]able admiration ( ,s5eca & a consid]able imitation ( ,n]o2 j z ! exalt$ epigrams ( ,confucius c\ld coexi/ ) ! tortures ( ,*9a4 ,& ov] all t tangl$ =e/ ( traditions gr[+ wild or )]+ w\ld brood ! broad sil5ce ( a s+ul> & ev5 nameless mood2 b ! ne>e/ "n ( x is no?+4 ,all ^! ?+s1 good & bad1 w\ld h an indescribable air ( be+ too old to die4 ,none ( ^! ?+s occupy+ ,europe 9 ! abs5ce ( ,*ri/5dom w\ld be> ! lea/ lik5ess to ,*ri/5dom4 ,s9ce ! ,py?agorean ,metempsy*osis w\ld /ill be !re1 we might call x ! ,py?agorean religion z we talk ab\t ! ,buddhi/ religion4 ,z ! noble maxims ( ,socrates w\ld /ill be !re1 we might call x ! ,socratic religion z we talk ab\t ! ,confucian religion4 ,z ! popul> holiday 0 /ill m>k$ by a my?ological hymn to ,adonis1 we might call x ! religion ( ,adonis z we talk ab\t ! religion ( ,jugg]naut4 ,z lit]ature w\ld /ill be bas$ on ! ,greek my?ology1 we might call t my?ology a religion1 z we call ! ,h9du my?ology a religion4 ,we might say t !re 7 s _m ?\s&s or millions ( p belong+ to t religion1 9 ! s5se ( frequ5t+ su* temples or m]ely liv+ 9 a l& full ( su* temples4 ,b if we call$ ! la/ tradition ( ,py?agoras or ! l+]+ leg5d ( ,adonis by ! "n ( a religion1 !n we mu/ f9d "s o!r "n = ! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/4 ,if anybody says t philosophic maxims pres]v$ ?r\gh _m ages1 or my?ological temples frequ5t$ by _m p1 are ?+s ( ! same class & category z ! ,*ur*1 x is en\gh to answ] q simply t !y are n4 ,nobody ?9ks !y are ! same :5 he sees !m 9 ! old civilisation ( ,greece & ,rome2 nobody w\ld ?9k !y 7 ! same if t civilisation _h la/$ two ?\s& ye>s long] & exi/$ at ! pres5t day2 nobody c 9 reason ?9k !y are ! same 9 ! p>allel pagan civilisation 9 ! ,ea/1 z x is at ! pres5t day4 ,none ( ^! philosophies or my?ologies are any?+ l a ,*ur*2 c]ta9ly no?+ l a ,*ur* ,militant4 ,&1 z ,i h %[n else:]e1 ev5 if ?is rule 7 n already prov$1 ! exception w\ld prove ! rule4 ,! rule is t pre-,*ri/ian or pagan hi/ory does n produce a ,*ur* ,militant2 & ! exception1 or :at "s w\ld call ! exception1 is t ,islam is at lea/ militant if x is n ,*ur*4 ,& t is precisely because ,islam is ! "o religi\s rival t is n pre-,*ri/ian & !re=e n 9 t s5se pagan4 ,islam 0 a product ( ,*ri/ianity2 ev5 if x 0 a by-product2 ev5 if x 0 a bad product4 ,x 0 a h]esy or p>ody emulat+ & !re=e imitat+ ! ,*ur*4 ,x is no m surpris+ t ,mahom$anism _h some?+ ( h] fight+ _s ?an t ,quak]ism _h some?+ ( h] peaceful _s4 ,aft] ,*ri/ianity !re are any numb] ( su* emulations or ext5sions4 ,be=e x !re are none4 ,! ,*ur* ,militant is ?us unique because x is an army m>*+ to effect a univ]sal deliv]ance4 ,! bondage f :i* ! _w is ?us to be deliv]$ is some?+ t is v well symbolis$ by ! /ate ( ,asia z by ! /ate ( pagan ,europe4 ,i d n mean m]ely _! moral or immoral /ate4 ,! mission>y1 z a matt] ( fact1 has mu* m to say = himself ?an ! enlight5$ imag9e1 ev5 :5 he says t ! hea!n are idolatr\s & immoral4 ,a t\* or two ( reali/ic exp]i5ce ab\t ,ea/]n religion1 ev5 ab\t ,moslem religion1 w reveal "s />tl+ ins5sibilities 9 e?ics2 su* z ! practical indiff]5ce to ! l9e betwe5 passion & p]v]sion4 ,x is n prejudice b practical exp]i5ce :i* says t ,asia is full ( demons z well z gods4 ,b ! evil ,i mean is 9 ! m9d4 ,& x is 9 ! m9d :]ev] ! m9d has work$ = a long "t alone4 ,x is :at happ5s :5 all dream+ & ?9k+ h come to an end 9 an empt9ess t is at once negation & necessity4 ,x s\nds l an an>*y1 b x is also a slav]y4 ,x is :at has be5 call$ already ! :eel ( ,asia2 all ^? recurr5t argum5ts ab\t cause & effect or ?+s beg9n+ & end+ 9 ! m9d1 :i* make x impossible = ! s\l really to /rike out & g any:]e or d any?+4 ,& ! po9t is t x is n necess>ily peculi> to ,asiatics2 x w\ld h be5 true 9 ! end ( ,europeans--if some?+ _h n happ5$4 ,if ! ,*ur* ,militant _h n be5 a ?+ m>*+1 all m5 w\ld h be5 m>k+ "t4 ,if ! ,*ur* ,militant _h n endur$ a discipl9e1 all m5 w\ld h endur$ a slav]y4 ,:at t univ]sal yet fight+ fai? br\ght into ! _w 0 hope4 ,p]haps ! "o ?+ common to my?ology & philosophy 0 t bo? 7 really sad2 9 ! s5se t !y _h n ?is hope ev5 if !y _h t\*es ( fai? or *>ity4 ,we may call ,buddhism a fai?2 ?\gh to u x seems m l a d\bt4 ,we may call ! ,"l ( ,compassion a ,"l ( ,*>ity2 ?\gh x seems to u a v pessimi/ sort ( pity4 ,b ^? :o insi/ mo/ on ! antiquity & size ( su* cults mu/ agree t 9 all _! ages !y h n cov]$ all _! areas ) t sort ( practical & pugnaci\s hope4 ,9 ,*ri/5dom hope has nev] be5 abs5t2 r x has be5 errant1 extravagant1 excessively fix$ ^u fugitive *ances4 ,its p]petual revolution & recon/ruction has at lea/ be5 an evid5ce ( p be+ 9 bett] spirits4 ,europe did v truly r5ew its y\? l ! eagles2 j z ! eagles ( ,rome rose aga9 ov] ! legions ( ,napoleon1 or we h se5 so>+ b ye/]day ! silv] eagle ( ,pol&4 ,b 9 ! ,poli% case ev5 revolution always w5t ) religion4 ,napoleon himself s\ght a reconciliation ) religion4 ,religion c\ld nev] be f9ally sep>at$ ev5 f ! mo/ ho/ile ( ! hopes2 simply because x 0 ! real s\rce ( ! hopefulness4 ,& ! cause ( ?is is to be f\nd simply 9 ! religion itself4 ,^? :o qu>rel ab\t x seldom ev5 consid] x 9 itself4 ,!re is nei!r space nor place = su* a full consid]ation "h2 b a ^w may be said to expla9 a reconciliation t always recurs & /ill seems to require explanation4 ,!re w be no end to ! we>y debates ab\t lib]alis+ !ology1 until p face ! fact t ! only lib]al "p ( x is really ! dogmatic "p4 ,if dogma is incr$ible1 x is because x is incr$ibly lib]al4 ,if x is irrational1 x c only be 9 giv+ u m assurance ( fre$om ?an is ju/ifi$ by reason4 ,! obvi\s example is t ess5tial =m ( fre$om :i* we call free-w4 ,x is absurd to say t a man %[s 8 lib]ality 9 d5y+ 8 lib]ty4 ,b x is t5able t he has to affirm a transc5d5tal doctr9e 9 ord] to affirm 8 lib]ty4 ,!re is a s5se 9 :i* we might reasonably say t if man has a prim>y p[] ( *oice1 he has 9 t fact a sup]natural p[] ( creation1 z if he c\ld raise ! dead or give bir? to ! unbegott54 ,possibly 9 t case a man mu/ be a miracle2 & c]ta9ly 9 t case he mu/ be a miracle 9 ord] to be a man2 & mo/ c]ta9ly 9 ord] to be a free man4 ,b x is absurd to =bid him to be a free man & d x 9 ! "n ( a m free religion4 ,b x is true 9 tw5ty o!r matt]s4 ,anybody :o believes at all 9 ,god mu/ believe 9 ! absolute supremacy ( ,god4 ,b 9 s f> z t supremacy does all[ ( any degrees t c be call$ lib]al or illib]al1 x is self-evid5t t ! illib]al p[] is ! deity ( ! rationali/s & ! lib]al p[] is ! deity ( ! dogmati/s4 ,exactly 9 proportion z y turn mono!ism into monism y turn x into despotism4 ,x is precisely ! unkn[n ,god ( ! sci5ti/1 ) 8 imp5etrable purpose & 8 inevitable & unalt]able law1 t rem9ds u ( a ,prussian autocrat mak+ rigid plans 9 a remote t5t & mov+ mank9d l ma*9]y4 ,x is precisely ! ,god ( miracles & ( answ]$ pray]s :o rem9ds u ( a lib]al & popul> pr9ce1 receiv+ petitions1 li/5+ to p>liam5ts & consid]+ ! cases ( a :ole p4 ,i am n n[ argu+ ! rationality ( ?is conception 9 o!r respects2 z a matt] ( fact x is n1 z "s suppose1 irrational2 = !re is no?+ irrational 9 ! wise/ & mo/ well-in=m$ k+ act+ diff]5tly accord+ to ! action ( ^? he wi%es to save4 ,b ,i am "h only not+ ! g5]al nature ( lib]ality1 or ( free or enl>g$ atmosph]e ( action4 ,& 9 ?is respect x is c]ta9 t ! k+ c only be :at we call magnanim\s if he is :at "s call caprici\s4 ,x is ! ,ca?olic1 :o has ! feel+ t 8 pray]s d make a diff]5ce :5 (f]$ = ! liv+ & ! dead1 :o also has ! feel+ ( liv+ l a free citiz5 9 some?+ almo/ l a con/itutional commonweal?4 ,x is ! moni/ :o lives "u a s+le iron law :o mu/ h ! feel+ ( liv+ l a slave "u a sultan4 ,inde$ ,i believe t ! orig9al use ( ! ^w suffragium1 :i* we n[ use 9 politics = a vote1 0 t employ$ 9 !ology ab\t a pray]4 ,! dead 9 ,purgatory 7 said to h ! suffrages ( ! liv+4 ,& 9 ?is s5se1 ( a sort ( "r ( petition to ! supreme rul]1 we may truly say t ! :ole ( ! ,communion ( ,sa9ts1 z well z ! :ole ( ! ,*ur* ,militant1 is f\nd$ on univ]sal suffrage4 ,b above all1 x is true ( ! mo/ trem5d\s issue2 ( t trag$y :i* has creat$ ! div9e com$y ( our cre$4 ,no?+ %ort ( ! extreme & /rong & />tl+ doctr9e ( ! div9ity ( ,*ri/ w give t p>ticul> effect t c truly /ir ! popul> s5se l a trumpet2 ! idea ( ! k+ himself s]v+ 9 ! ranks l a common soldi]4 ,by mak+ t figure m]ely human we make t /ory mu* less human4 ,we take away ! po9t ( ! /ory :i* actually pi]ces humanity2 ! po9t ( ! /ory :i* 0 q lit]ally ! po9t ( a spe>4 ,x does n especially humanise ! univ]se to say t good & wise m5 c die = _! op9ions2 any m ?an x w\ld be any sort ( upro>i\sly popul> news 9 an army t good soldi]s may easily get kill$4 ,x is no news t ,k+ ,leonidas is dead any m ?an t ,que5 ,anne is dead2 & m5 did n wait = ,*ri/ianity to be m51 9 ! full s5se ( be+ h]oes4 ,b if we are describ+1 = ! mom5t1 ! atmosph]e ( :at is g5]\s & popul> & ev5 picturesque1 any k ( human nature w tell u t no suff]+s ( ! sons ( m51 or ev5 ( ! s]vants ( ,god1 /rike ! same note z ! notion ( ! ma/] suff]+ in/ead ( 8 s]vants4 ,& ?is is giv5 by ! !ological & emphatically n by ! sci5tific deity4 ,no my/]i\s mon>*1 hidd5 9 8 />ry pavilion at ! base ( ! cosmic campaign1 is 9 ! lea/ l t cele/ial *ivalry ( ! ,capta9 :o c>ries 8 five w\nds 9 ! front ( battle4 ,:at ! d5\nc] ( dogma really means is n t dogma is bad2 b r t dogma is too good to be true4 ,t is1 he means t dogma is too lib]al to be likely4 ,dogma gives man too mu* fre$om :5 x p]mits him to fall4 ,dogma gives ev5 ,god too mu* fre$om :5 x p]mits him to die4 ,t is :at ! intellig5t sceptics ought to say2 & x is n 9 ! lea/ my int5tion to d5y t !re is some?+ to be said = x4 ,!y mean t ! univ]se is itself a univ]sal prison2 t exi/5ce itself is a limitation & a control2 & x is n = no?+ t !y call causation a *a94 ,9 a ^w1 !y mean q simply t !y _c believe ^! ?+s2 n 9 ! lea/ t !y are unwor?y ( belief4 ,we say1 n lightly b v lit]ally1 t ! tru? has made u free4 ,!y say t x makes u s free t x _c be ! tru?4 ,to !m x is l believ+ 9 fairyl& to believe 9 su* fre$om z we enjoy4 ,x is l believ+ 9 m5 ) w+s to ent]ta9 ! fancy ( m5 ) wills4 ,x is l accept+ a fable ab\t a squirrel 9 conv]sation ) a m\nta9 to believe 9 a man :o is free to ask or a ,god :o is free to answ]4 ,?is is a manly & a rational negation1 = :i* ,i = "o %all always %[ respect4 ,b ,i decl9e to %[ any respect = ^? :o fir/ ( all clip ! bird & cage ! squirrel1 rivet ! *a9s & refuse ! fre$om1 close all ! doors ( ! cosmic prison on u ) a clang ( et]nal iron1 tell u t our emancipation is a dream & our dungeon a necessity2 & !n calmly turn r\nd & tell u !y h a fre] ?\ght & a m lib]al !ology4 ,! moral ( all ?is is an old "o2 t religion is revelation4 ,9 o!r words1 x is a vision1 & a vision receiv$ by fai?2 b x is a vision ( reality4 ,! fai? consi/s 9 a conviction ( its reality4 ,t1 = example1 is ! diff]5ce betwe5 a vision & a day-dream4 ,& t is ! diff]5ce betwe5 religion & my?ology4 ,t is ! diff]5ce betwe5 fai? & all t fancy-"w1 q human & m or less heal?y1 :i* we consid]$ "u ! head ( my?ology4 ,!re is some?+ 9 ! reasonable use ( ! v ^w vision t implies two ?+s ab\t x2 fir/ t x comes v r>ely1 possibly t x comes only once2 & secondly t x probably comes once & = all4 ,a day-dream may come e day4 ,a day-dream may be diff]5t e day4 ,x is some?+ m ?an ! diff]5ce betwe5 tell+ gho/-/ories & meet+ a gho/4 ,b if x is n a my?ology nei!r is x a philosophy4 ,x is n a philosophy because1 be+ a vision1 x is n a patt]n b a picture4 ,x is n "o ( ^? simplifications :i* resolve ev]y?+ into an ab/ract explanation2 z t ev]y?+ is recurr5t2 or ev]y?+ is relative2 or ev]y?+ is inevitable2 or ev]y?+ is illusive4 ,x is n a process b a /ory4 ,x has proportions1 ( ! sort se5 9 a picture or a /ory2 x has n ! regul> repetitions ( a patt]n or a process2 b x replaces !m by be+ conv9c+ z a picture or a /ory is conv9c+4 ,9 o!r words1 x is exactly1 z ! phrase goes1 l life4 ,= inde$ x is life4 ,an example ( :at is meant "h might well be f\nd 9 ! treatm5t ( ! problem ( evil4 ,x is easy en\gh to make a plan ( life ( :i* ! backgr\nd is black1 z ! pessimi/s d2 & !n admit a speck or two ( />-du/ m or less accid5tal1 or at lea/ 9 ! lit]al s5se insignificant4 ,& x is easy en\gh to make ano!r plan on :ite pap]1 z ! ,*ri/ian ,sci5ti/s d1 & expla9 or expla9 away someh[ su* dots or smudges z may be difficult to d5y4 ,la/ly x is easie/ ( all1 p]haps1 to say z ! duali/s d1 t life is l a *ess-bo>d 9 :i* ! two are equal2 & c z truly be said to consi/ ( :ite squ>es on a black bo>d or ( black squ>es on a :ite bo>d4 ,b e man feels 9 8 he>t t none ( ^! ?ree pap] plans is l life2 t none ( ^! worlds is "o 9 :i* he c live4 ,some?+ tells him t ! ultimate idea ( a _w is n bad or ev5 neutral2 />+ at ! sky or ! grass or ! tru?s ( ma!matics or ev5 a new-laid egg1 he has a vague feel+ l ! %ad[ ( t say+ ( ! great ,*ri/ian philosoph]1 ,/4 ,?omas ,aqu9as1 #8,e exi/5ce1 z su*1 is good4' ,on ! o!r h&1 some?+ else tells him t x is unmanly & debas$ & ev5 diseas$ to m9imise evil to a dot or ev5 a blot4 ,he realises t optimism is morbid4 ,x is if possible ev5 m morbid ?an pessimism4 ,^! vague b heal?y feel+s1 if he foll[$ !m out1 w\ld result 9 ! idea t evil is 9 "s way an exception b an enorm\s exception2 & ultimately t evil is an invasion or yet m truly a rebellion4 ,he does n ?9k t ev]y?+ is "r or t ev]y?+ is wrong1 or t ev]y?+ is equally "r & wrong4 ,b he does ?9k t "r has a "r to be "r & !re=e a "r to be !re2 & wrong has no "r to be wrong & !re=e no "r to be !re4 ,x is ! pr9ce ( ! _w2 b x is also a usurp]4 ,s he w appreh5d vaguely :at ! vision w give to him vividly2 no less ?an all t /range /ory ( treason 9 heav5 & ! great des]tion by :i* evil damag$ & tri$ to de/roy a cosmos t x c\ld n create4 ,x is a v /range /ory & its proportions & its l9es & col\rs are z arbitr>y & absolute z ! arti/ic composition ( a picture4 ,x is a vision :i* we d 9 fact symbolise 9 pictures by titanic limbs & passionate t9ts ( plumage2 all t abysmal vision ( fall+ />s & ! peacock panoplies ( ! night4 ,b t /range /ory has "o small advantage ov] ! diagrams4 ,x is l life4 ,ano!r example might be f\nd1 n 9 ! problem ( evil1 b 9 :at is call$ ! problem ( progress4 ,"o ( ! able/ agno/ics ( ! age once ask$ me :e!r ,i ?\ght mank9d grew bett] or grew worse or rema9$ ! same4 ,he 0 confid5t t ! alt]native cov]$ all possibilities4 ,he did n see t x only cov]$ patt]ns & n pictures2 processes & n /ories4 ,i ask$ him :e!r he ?\ght t ,mr4 ,smi? ( ,gold]'s ,gre5 got bett] or worse or rema9$ exactly ! same betwe5 ! age ( ?irty & =ty4 ,x !n seem$ to dawn on him t x w\ld r dep5d on ,mr4 ,smi?2 & h[ he *ose to g on4 ,x _h nev] occurr$ to him t x might dep5d on h[ mank9d *ose to g on2 & t its c\rse 0 n a /raight l9e or an upw>d or d[nw>d curve1 b a track l t ( a man across a valley1 go+ :]e he lik$ & /opp+ :]e he *ose1 go+ into a *ur* or fall+ drunk 9 a dit*4 ,! life ( man is a /ory2 an adv5ture /ory2 & 9 our vision ! same is true ev5 ( ! /ory ( ,god4 ,! ,ca?olic fai? is ! reconciliation because x is ! realisation bo? ( my?ology & philosophy4 ,x is a /ory & 9 t s5se "o ( a hundr$ /ories2 only x is a true /ory4 ,x is a philosophy & 9 t s5se "o ( a hundr$ philosophies2 only x is a philosophy t is l life4 ,b above all1 x is a reconciliation because x is some?+ t c only be call$ ! philosophy ( /ories4 ,t normal n>rative in/9ct :i* produc$ all ! fairy-tales is some?+ t is neglect$ by all ! philosophies--except "o4 ,! ,fai? is ! ju/ification ( t popul> in/9ct2 ! f9d+ ( a philosophy = x or ! analysis ( ! philosophy 9 x4 ,exactly z a man 9 an adv5ture /ory has to pass v>i\s te/s to save 8 life1 s ! man 9 ?is philosophy has to pass sev]al te/s & save 8 s\l4 ,9 bo? !re is an idea ( free w op]at+ "u conditions ( design2 9 o!r words1 !re is an aim & x is ! bus9ess ( a man to aim at x2 we !re=e wat* to see :e!r he w hit x4 ,n[ ?is deep & democratic & dramatic in/9ct is d]id$ & dismiss$ 9 all ! o!r philosophies4 ,= all ! o!r philosophies av[$ly end :]e !y beg92 & x is ! def9ition ( a /ory t x ends diff]5tly2 t x beg9s 9 "o place & ends 9 ano!r4 ,f ,buddha & 8 :eel to ,akh5-,at5 & 8 disc1 f ,py?agoras ) 8 ab/raction ( numb] to ,confucius ) 8 religion ( r\t9e1 !re is n "o ( !m t does n 9 "s way s9 aga9/ ! s\l ( a /ory4 ,!re is none ( !m t really grasps ?is human notion ( ! tale1 ! te/1 ! adv5ture2 ! ordeal ( ! free man4 ,ea* ( !m />ves ! /ory-tell+ in/9ct1 s to speak1 & does some?+ to spoil human life consid]$ z a romance2 ei!r by fatalism 7pessimi/ or optimi/7 & t de/9y t is ! dea? ( adv5ture2 or by indiff]5ce & t deta*m5t t is ! dea? ( drama2 or by a fundam5tal scepticism t dissolves ! actors into atoms2 or by a mat]iali/ic limitation block+ ! vi/a ( moral consequ5ces2 or a me*anical recurr5ce mak+ ev5 moral te/s monoton\s2 or a bottomless relativity mak+ ev5 practical te/s insecure4 ,!re is su* a ?+ z a human /ory2 & !re is su* a ?+ z ! div9e /ory :i* is also a human /ory4 ,b !re is no su* ?+ z a ,hegelian /ory or a ,moni/ /ory or a relativi/ /ory or a det]m9i/ /ory4 ,= e /ory1 yes1 ev5 a p5ny dreadful or a *eap novelette1 has some?+ 9 x t belongs to our univ]se & n !irs4 ,e %ort /ory does truly beg9 ) creation & end ) a la/ judgm5t4 ,& t is ! reason :y ! my?s & ! philosoph]s 7 at w> until ,*ri/ came4 ,t is :y ! ,a!nian democracy kill$ ,socrates out ( respect = ! gods2 & :y e /roll+ sophi/ gave himself ! airs ( a ,socrates :5ev] he c\ld talk 9 a sup]ior fa%ion ( ! gods2 & :y ! h]etic ,ph>aoh wreck$ 8 huge idols & temples = an ab/raction & :y ! prie/s c\ld return 9 triumph & trample 8 dyna/y "u foot2 & :y ,buddhism _h to divide itself f ,brahm9ism1 & :y 9 e age & c\ntry outside ,*ri/5dom !re has be5 a feud = ev] betwe5 ! philosoph] & ! prie/4 ,x is easy en\gh to say t ! philosoph] is g5]ally ! m rational2 x is easi] /ill to =get t ! prie/ is always ! m popul>4 ,= ! prie/ told ! p /ories2 & ! philosoph] did n und]/& ! philosophy ( /ories4 ,x came into ! _w ) ! /ory ( ,*ri/4 ,& ?is is :y x _h to be a revelation or vision giv5 f above4 ,any "o :o w ?9k ( ! !ory ( /ories or pictures w easily see ! po9t4 ,! true /ory ( ! _w mu/ be told by somebody to somebody else4 ,by ! v nature ( a /ory x _c be left to occur to anybody4 ,a /ory has proportions1 v>iations1 surprises1 p>ticul> dispositions1 :i* _c be work$ out by rule 9 ! ab/ract1 l a sum4 ,we c\ld n d$uce :e!r or no ,a*illes w\ld give back ! body ( ,hector f a ,py?agorean !ory ( numb] or recurr5ce2 & we c\ld n inf] = ourselves 9 :at way ! _w w\ld get back ! body ( ,*ri/1 m]ely f be+ told t all ?+s g r\nd & r\nd ^u ! :eel ( ,buddha4 ,a man might p]haps "w out a proposition ( ,euclid )\t hav+ he>d ( ,euclid2 b he w\ld n "w out ! precise leg5d ( ,eurydice )\t hav+ he>d ( ,eurydice4 ,at any rate he w\ld n be c]ta9 h[ ! /ory w\ld end & :e!r ,orpheus 0 ultimately defeat$4 ,/ill less c\ld he guess ! end ( our /ory2 or ! leg5d ( our ,orpheus ris+1 n defeat$1 f ! dead4 ,to sum up2 ! sanity ( ! _w 0 re/or$ & ! s\l ( man (f]$ salvation by some?+ :i* did inde$ satisfy ! two w>r+ t5d5cies ( ! pa/2 :i* _h nev] be5 satisfi$ 9 full & mo/ c]ta9ly nev] satisfi$ toge!r4 ,x met ! my?ological se>* = romance by be+ a /ory & ! philosophical se>* = tru? by be+ a true /ory4 ,t is :y ! ideal figure _h to be a hi/orical "*1 z nobody _h ev] felt ,adonis or ,pan to be a hi/orical "*4 ,b t is also :y ! hi/orical "* _h to be ! ideal figure2 & ev5 fulfil _m ( ! functions giv5 to ^! o!r ideal figures2 :y he 0 at once ! sacrifice & ! fea/1 :y he c\ld be %[n "u ! emblems ( ! gr[+ v9e or ! ris+ sun4 ,! m deeply we ?9k ( ! matt] ! m we %all conclude t1 if !re be inde$ a ,god1 8 creation c\ld h>dly h rea*$ any o!r culm9ation ?an ?is grant+ ( a real romance to ! _w4 ,o!rwise ! two sides ( ! human m9d c\ld nev] h t\*$ at all2 & ! bra9 ( man w\ld h rema9$ clov5 & d\ble2 "o lobe ( x dream+ impossible dreams & ! o!r repeat+ inv>iable calculations4 ,! picture-mak]s w\ld h rema9$ = ev] pa9t+ ! portrait ( nobody4 ,! sages w\ld h rema9$ = ev] add+ up num]als t came to no?+4 ,x 0 t abyss t no?+ b an inc>nation c\ld cov]2 a div9e embodim5t ( our dreams2 & he /&s above t *asm ^: "n is m ?an prie/ & old] ev5 ?an ,*ri/5dom2 ,pontifex ,maximus1 ! mightie/ mak] ( a bridge4 ,b ev5 ) t we return to ! m specially ,*ri/ian symbol 9 ! same tradition2 ! p]fect patt]n ( ! keys4 ,?is is a hi/orical & n a !ological outl9e1 & x is n my duty "h to def5d 9 detail t !ology1 b m]ely to po9t out t x c\ld n ev5 be ju/ifi$ 9 design )\t be+ ju/ifi$ 9 detail--l a key4 ,beyond ! broad sugge/ion ( ?is *apt] ,i attempt no apologetic ab\t :y ! cre$ %\ld be accept$4 ,b 9 answ] to ! hi/orical qu]y ( :y x 0 accept$1 & is accept$1 ,i answ] = millions ( o!rs 9 my reply2 because x fits ! lock2 because x is l life4 ,x is "o among _m /ories2 only x happ5s to be a true /ory4 ,x is "o among _m philosophies2 only x happ5s to be ! tru?4 ,we accept x2 & ! gr\nd is solid "u our feet & ! road is op5 be=e u4 ,x does n imprison u 9 a dream ( de/9y or a consci\sness ( ! univ]sal delusion4 ,x op5s to u n only incr$ible heav5s1 b :at seems to "s an equally incr$ible e>?1 & makes x cr$ible4 ,?is is ! sort ( tru? t is h>d to expla9 because x is a fact2 b x is a fact to :i* we c call witnesses4 ,we are ,*ri/ians & ,ca?olics n because we wor%ip a key1 b because we h pass$ a door2 & felt ! w9d t is ! trumpet ( lib]ty bl[ ov] ! l& ( ! liv+4 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,! ,,five ,,dea?s ,,( ,,! ,,fai? ,x is n ! purpose ( ?is book to trace ! subsequ5t hi/ory ( ,*ri/ianity1 especially ! lat] hi/ory ( ,*ri/ianity2 :i* involves controv]sies ( :i* ,i hope to write m fully else:]e4 ,x is devot$ only to ! sugge/ion t ,*ri/ianity1 appe>+ amid hea!n humanity1 _h all ! "* ( a unique ?+ & ev5 ( a sup]natural ?+4 ,x 0 n l any ( ! o!r ?+s2 & ! m we /udy x ! less x looks l any ( !m4 ,b !re is a c]ta9 r peculi> "* :i* m>k$ x h5ce=w>d ev5 d[n to ! pres5t mom5t1 ) a note on :i* ?is book may well conclude4 ,i h said t ,asia & ! anci5t _w _h an air ( be+ too old to die4 ,*ri/5dom has _h ! v opposite fate4 ,*ri/5dom has _h a s]ies ( revolutions & 9 ea* "o ( !m ,*ri/ianity has di$4 ,*ri/ianity has di$ _m times & ris5 aga92 = x _h a god :o knew ! way out ( ! grave4 ,b ! fir/ extraord9>y fact :i* m>ks ?is hi/ory is ?is3 t ,europe has be5 turn$ upside d[n ov] & ov] aga92 & t at ! end ( ea* ( ^! revolutions ! same religion has aga9 be5 f\nd on top4 ,! ,fai? is always conv]t+ ! age1 n z an old religion b z a new religion4 ,?is tru? is hidd5 f _m by a conv5tion t is too little notic$4 ,curi\sly en\gh1 x is a conv5tion ( ! sort :i* ^? :o ignore x claim especially to detect & d5\nce4 ,!y are always tell+ u t prie/s & c]emonies are n religion & t religi\s organisation c be a holl[ %am2 b !y h>dly realise h[ true x is4 ,x is s true t ?ree or f\r times at lea/ 9 ! hi/ory ( ,*ri/5dom ! :ole s\l seem$ to h gone out ( ,*ri/ianity2 & almo/ e man 9 8 he>t expect$ its end4 ,?is fact is only mask$ 9 m$ieval & o!r times by t v (ficial religion :i* su* critics pride !mselves on see+ ?r\gh4 ,*ri/ianity rema9$ ! (ficial religion ( a ,r5aissance pr9ce or ! (ficial religion ( an eighte5?-c5tury bi%op1 j z an anci5t my?ology rema9$ ! (ficial religion ( ,julius ,caes> or ! ,arian cre$ long rema9$ ! (ficial religion ( ,julian ! ,apo/ate4 ,b !re 0 a diff]5ce betwe5 ! cases ( ,julius & ( ,julian2 because ! ,*ur* _h begun its /range c>e]4 ,!re 0 no reason :y m5 l ,julius %\ld n wor%ip gods l ,jupit] = ev] 9 public & laugh at !m = ev] 9 private4 ,b :5 ,julian treat$ ,*ri/ianity z dead1 he f\nd x _h come to life aga94 ,he also f\nd1 incid5tally1 t !re 0 n ! fa9te/ sign ( ,jupit] ev] com+ to life aga94 ,?is case ( ,julian & ! episode ( ,arianism is b ! fir/ ( a s]ies ( examples t c only be r\ghly indicat$ "h4 ,arianism1 z has be5 said1 _h e human appe>ance ( be+ ! natural way 9 :i* t p>ticul> sup]/ition ( ,con/ant9e might be expect$ to pet] out4 ,all ! ord9>y /ages _h be5 pass$ ?r\gh2 ! cre$ _h become a respectable ?+1 _h become a ritual ?+1 _h !n be5 modifi$ into a rational ?+2 & ! rationali/s 7 ready to dissipate ! la/ rema9s ( x1 j z !y d to-day4 ,:5 ,*ri/ianity rose aga9 sudd5ly & ?rew !m1 x 0 almo/ z unexpect$ z ,*ri/ ris+ f ! dead4 ,b !re are _m o!r examples ( ! same ?+1 ev5 ab\t ! same "t4 ,! ru% ( mission>ies f ,irel&1 = in/ance1 has all ! air ( an unexpect$ onslaught ( "y m5 on an old _w1 & ev5 on a ,*ur* t %[$ signs ( gr[+ old4 ,"s ( !m 7 m>tyr$ on ! coa/ ( ,cornwall2 & ! *ief au?ority on ,corni% antiquities told me t he did n believe = a mom5t t !y 7 m>tyr$ by hea!ns b 7z he express$ x ) "s hum\r7 #8by r slack ,*ri/ians4' ,n[ if we 7 to dip bel[ ! surface ( hi/ory1 z x is n 9 ! scope ( ?is argum5t to d1 ,i suspect t we %\ld f9d sev]al occasions :5 ,*ri/5dom 0 ?us to all appe>ance holl[$ out f )9 by d\bt & indiff]5ce1 s t only ! old ,*ri/ian %ell /ood z ! ,pagan %ell _h /ood s long4 ,b ! diff]5ce is t 9 e su* case1 ! sons 7 fanatical = ! fai? :]e ! fa!rs _h be5 slack ab\t x4 ,?is is obvi\s 9 ! case ( ! transition f ! ,r5aissance to ! ,c\nt]-,re=mation4 ,x is obvi\s 9 ! case ( a transition f ! eighte5? c5tury to ! _m ,ca?olic revivals ( our own "t4 ,b ,i suspect _m o!r examples :i* w\ld be wor?y ( sep>ate /udies4 ,! ,fai? is n a survival4 ,x is n z if ! ,druids _h manag$ someh[ to survive some:]e = two ?\s& ye>s4 ,t is :at might h happ5$ 9 ,asia or anci5t ,europe1 9 t indiff]5ce or tol]ance 9 :i* my?ologies & philosophies c\ld live = ev] side by side4 ,x has n surviv$2 x has return$ aga9 & aga9 9 ?is we/]n _w ( rapid *ange & in/itutions p]petually p]i%+4 ,europe1 9 ! tradition ( ,rome1 0 always try+ revolution & recon/ruction2 rebuild+ a univ]sal republic4 ,& x always began by reject+ ?is old /one & end$ by mak+ x ! head ( ! corn]2 by br++ x back f ! rubbi%-heap to make x ! cr[n ( ! capitol4 ,"s /ones ( ,/oneh5ge are /&+ & "s are fall52 & z ! /one falle? s %all x lie4 ,!re has n be5 a ,druidic r5aissance e c5tury or two1 ) ! "y ,druids cr[n$ ) fre% mi/letoe1 danc+ 9 ! sun on ,salisbury ,pla94 ,/oneh5ge has n be5 rebuilt 9 e /yle ( ar*itecture f ! rude r\nd ,norman to ! la/ rococo ( ! ,b>oque4 ,! sacr$ place ( ! ,druids is safe f ! v&alism ( re/oration4 ,b ! ,*ur* 9 ! ,we/ 0 n 9 a _w :]e ?+s 7 too old to die2 b 9 "o 9 :i* !y 7 always "y en\gh to get kill$4 ,! consequ5ce 0 t sup]ficially & ext]nally x (t5 did get kill$2 nay1 x sometimes wore out ev5 )\t gett+ kill$4 ,& !re foll[s a fact ,i f9d x some:at difficult to describe1 yet :i* ,i believe to be v real & r important4 ,z a gho/ is ! %ad[ ( a man1 & 9 t s5se ! %ad[ ( life1 s at int]vals !re pass$ across ?is endless life a sort ( %ad[ ( dea?4 ,x came at ! mom5t :5 x w\ld h p]i%$ _h x be5 p]i%able4 ,x )]$ away ev]y?+ t 0 p]i%able4 ,if su* animal p>allels 7 wor?y ( ! occasion1 we might say t ! snake %udd]$ & %$ a sk9 & w5t on1 or ev5 t ! cat w5t into convulsions z x lo/ only "o ( its n9e-hundr$-&-n9ety-n9e lives4 ,x is tru] to say1 9 a m dignifi$ image1 t a clock /ruck & no?+ happ5$2 or t a bell toll$ = an execution t 0 ev]la/+ly po/pon$4 ,:at 0 ! mean+ ( all t dim b va/ unre/ ( ! twelf? c5tury2 :51 z x has be5 s f9ely said1 ,julian /irr$ 9 8 sleep8 ,:y did !re appe> s /rangely e>ly1 9 ! twilight ( dawn aft] ! ,d>k ,ages1 s deep a scepticism z t involv$ 9 urg+ nom9alism aga9/ realism8 ,= realism aga9/ nom9alism 0 really realism aga9/ rationalism1 or some?+ m de/ructive ?an :at we call rationalism4 ,! answ] is t j z "s might h ?\ght ! ,*ur* simply a "p ( ! ,roman ,empire1 s o!rs lat] might h ?\ght ! ,*ur* only a "p ( ! ,d>k ,ages4 ,! ,d>k ,ages end$ z ! ,empire _h end$2 & ! ,*ur* %\ld h dep>t$ ) !m1 if %e _h be5 also "o ( ! %ades ( night4 ,x 0 ano!r ( ^? spectral dea?s or simulations ( dea?4 ,i mean t if nom9alism _h succe$$1 x w\ld h be5 z if ,arianism _h succe$$2 x w\ld h be5 ! beg9n+ ( a confession t ,*ri/ianity _h fail$4 ,= nom9alism is a f> m fundam5tal scepticism ?an m]e a!ism4 ,su* 0 ! "q t 0 op5ly ask$ z ! ,d>k ,ages broad5$ into t daylight t we call ! mod]n _w4 ,b :at 0 ! answ]8 ,! answ] 0 ,aqu9as 9 ! *air ( ,ari/otle1 tak+ all k = 8 prov9ce2 & t5s ( ?\s&s ( lads1 d[n to ! l[e/ ranks ( peasant & s]f1 liv+ 9 rags & on cru/s ab\t ! great colleges1 to li/5 to ! s*ola/ic philosophy4 ,:at 0 ! mean+ ( all t :isp] ( fe> t ran r\nd ! ,we/ "u ! %ad[ ( ,islam1 & fills e old romance ) incongru\s images ( ,s>ac5 knights swagg]+ 9 ,norway or ! ,hebrides8 ,:y 7 m5 9 ! extreme ,we/1 su* z ,k+ ,john if ,i rememb] rightly1 accus$ ( be+ secretly ,moslems1 z m5 are accus$ ( be+ secretly a!i/s8 ,:y 0 !re t fi]ce al>m among "s ( ! au?orities ab\t ! rationali/ic ,arab v]sion or ,ari/otle8 ,au?orities are seldom al>m$ l t except :5 x is too late4 ,! answ] is t hundr$s ( p probably believ$ 9 _! he>ts t ,islam w\ld conqu] ,*ri/5dom2 t ,av]roes 0 m rational ?an ,anselm2 t ! ,s>ac5 culture 0 really1 z x 0 sup]ficially1 a sup]ior culture4 ,"h aga9 we %\ld probably f9d a :ole g5]ation1 ! old] g5]ation1 v d\btful & depress$ & we>y4 ,! com+ ( ,islam w\ld only h be5 ! com+ ( ,unit>ianism a ?\s& ye>s be=e its "t4 ,to _m x may h seem$ q reasonable & q probable & q likely to happ54 ,if s1 !y w\ld h be5 surpris$ at :at did happ54 ,:at did happ5 0 a ro> l ?und] f ?\s&s & ?\s&s ( "y m51 ?r[+ all _! y\? into "o exultant c\nt]-*>ge2 ! ,crusades4 ,x 0 ! sons ( ,/4 ,francis1 ! ,juggl]s ( ,god1 w&]+ s++ ov] all ! roads ( ! _w2 x 0 ! ,go?ic go+ up l a flight ( arr[s2 x 0 ! wak+ ( ! _w4 ,9 consid]+ ! w> ( ! ,albig5sians1 we come to ! brea* 9 ! he>t ( ,europe & ! l&slide ( a new philosophy t ne>ly end$ ,*ri/5dom = ev]4 ,9 t case ! new philosophy 0 also a v new philosophy2 x 0 pessimism4 ,x 0 none ! less l mod]n ideas because x 0 z old z ,asia2 mo/ mod]n ideas are4 ,x 0 ! ,gno/ics return+2 b :y did ! ,gno/ics return8 ,because x 0 ! end ( an epo*1 l ! end ( ! ,empire2 & %\ld h be5 ! end ( ! ,*ur*4 ,x 0 ,s*op5hau] hov]+ ov] ! future2 b x 0 also ,mani*aeus ris+ f ! dead2 t m5 might h dea? & t !y might h x m abundantly4 ,x is r m obvi\s 9 ! case ( ! ,r5aissance1 simply because ! p]iod is s mu* ne>] to u & p "k s mu* m ab\t x4 ,b !re is m ev5 9 t example ?an mo/ p "k4 ,ap>t f ! p>ticul> controv]sies :i* ,i wi% to res]ve = a sep>ate /udy1 ! p]iod 0 f> m *aotic ?an ^? controv]sies commonly imply4 ,:5 ,prote/ants call ,latim] a m>tyr to ,prote/antism1 & ,ca?olics reply t ,campion 0 a m>tyr to ,ca?olicism1 x is (t5 =gott5 t _m p]i%$ 9 su* p]secutions :o c\ld only be describ$ z m>tyrs to a!ism or an>*ism or ev5 diabolism4 ,t _w 0 almo/ z wild z our own2 ! m5 w&]+ ab\t 9 x includ$ ! sort ( man :o says !re is no ,god1 ! sort ( man :o says he is himself ,god1 ! sort ( man :o says some?+ t nobody c make head or tail (4 ,if we c\ld h ! conv]sation ( ! age foll[+ ! ,r5aissance1 we %\ld probably be %ock$ by its %ameless negations4 ,! rem>ks attribut$ to ,m>l[e are probably pretty typical ( ! talk 9 _m intellectual tav]ns4 ,! transition f ,pre-,re=mation to ,po/-,re=mation ,europe 0 ?r\gh a void ( v yawn+ que/ions2 yet aga9 9 ! long run ! answ] 0 ! same4 ,x 0 "o ( ^? mom5ts :51 z ,*ri/ walk$ on ! wat]1 s 0 ,*ri/ianity walk+ 9 ! air4 ,b all ^! cases are remote 9 date & c\ld only be prov$ 9 detail4 ,we c see ! fact mu* m cle>ly 9 ! case :5 ! paganism ( ! ,r5aissance end$ ,*ri/ianity & ,*ri/ianity unacc\ntably began all ov] aga94 ,b we c see x mo/ cle>ly ( all 9 ! case :i* is close to u & full ( manife/ & m9ute evid5ce2 ! case ( ! great decl9e ( religion t began ab\t ! "t ( ,voltaire4 ,= inde$ x is our own case2 & we ourselves h se5 ! decl9e ( t decl9e4 ,! two hundr$ ye>s s9ce ,voltaire d n fla% pa/ u at a glance l ! f\r? & fif? c5turies or ! twelf? & ?irte5? c5turies4 ,9 our own case we c see ?is (t-repeat$ process close at h&2 we "k h[ completely a society c lose its fundam5tal religion )\t aboli%+ its (ficial religion2 we "k h[ m5 c all become agno/ics long be=e !y aboli% bi%ops4 ,& we "k t also 9 ?is la/ end+1 :i* really did look to u l ! f9al end+1 ! incr$ible ?+ has happ5$ aga92 ! ,fai? has a bett] foll[+ among ! "y m5 ?an among ! old4 ,:5 ,ibs5 spoke ( ! new g5]ation knock+ at ! door1 he c]ta9ly nev] expect$ t x w\ld be ! *ur*-door4 ,at lea/ five times1 !re=e1 ) ! ,arian & ! ,albig5sian1 ) ! ,humani/ sceptic1 aft] ,voltaire & aft] ,d>w91 ! ,fai? has to all appe>ance gone to ! dogs4 ,9 ea* ( ^! five cases x 0 ! dog t di$4 ,h[ complete 0 ! collapse & h[ /range ! rev]sal1 we c only see 9 detail 9 ! case ne>e/ to our own "t4 ,a ?\s& ?+s h be5 said ab\t ! ,ox=d ,movem5t & ! p>allel ,fr5* ,ca?olic revival2 b few h made u feel ! simple/ fact ab\t x2 t x 0 a surprise4 ,x 0 a puzzle z well z a surprise2 because x seem$ to mo/ p l a riv] turn+ backw>ds f ! sea & try+ to climb back into ! m\nta9s4 ,to h read ! lit]ature ( ! eighte5? & n9ete5? c5turies is to "k t ne>ly ev]ybody _h come to take x = grant$ t religion 0 a ?+ t w\ld cont9ually broad5 l a riv]1 till x rea*$ an inf9ite sea4 ,"s ( !m expect$ x to g d[n 9 a cat>act ( cata/rophe1 mo/ ( !m expect$ x to wid5 into an e/u>y ( equality & mod]ation2 b all ( !m ?\ght its return+ on itself a prodigy z incr$ible z wit*craft4 ,9 o!r words1 mo/ mod]ate p ?\ght t fai? l fre$om w\ld be sl[ly broad5$ d[n2 & "s advanc$ p ?\ght t x w\ld be v rapidly broad5$ d[n1 n to say flatt5$ out4 ,all t _w ( ,guizot & ,macaulay & ! comm]cial & sci5tific lib]ality 0 p]haps m c]ta9 ?an any m5 be=e or s9ce ab\t ! direction 9 :i* ! _w is go+4 ,p 7 s c]ta9 ab\t ! direction t !y only diff]$ ab\t ! pace4 ,_m anticipat$ ) al>m1 & a few ) sympa?y1 a ,jacob9 revolt t %\ld guillot9e ! ,ar*bi%op ( ,cant]bury or a ,*>ti/ riot t %\ld hang ! p>sons on ! lamp-po/s4 ,b x seem$ l a convulsion 9 nature t ! ,ar*bi%op in/ead ( los+ 8 head %\ld be look+ = 8 mitre2 & t in/ead ( dim9i%+ ! respect due to p>sons we %\ld /r5g!n x to ! respect due to prie/s4 ,x revolutionis$ _! v vision ( revolution2 & turn$ _! v topsyturvydom topsy-turvy4 ,9 %ort1 ! :ole _w be+ divid$ ab\t :e!r ! /ream 0 go+ sl[] or fa/]1 became consci\s ( some?+ vague b va/ t 0 go+ aga9/ ! /ream4 ,bo? 9 fact & figure !re is some?+ deeply di/urb+ ab\t ?is1 & t = an ess5tial reason4 ,a dead ?+ c g ) ! /ream1 b only a liv+ ?+ c g aga9/ x4 ,a dead dog c be lift$ on ! leap+ wat] ) all ! swiftness ( a leap+ h\nd2 b only a live dog c swim backw>ds4 ,a pap] boat c ride ! ris+ deluge ) all ! airy arrogance ( a fairy %ip2 b if ! fairy %ip sails up/ream x is really r[$ by ! fairies4 ,& among ! ?+s t m]ely w5t ) ! tide ( app>5t progress & enl>gem5t1 !re 0 _m a demagogue or sophi/ ^: wild ge/ures 7 9 tru? z lifeless z ! movem5t ( a dead dog's limbs wav]+ 9 ! eddy+ wat]2 & _m a philosophy uncommonly l a pap] boat1 ( ! sort t x is n difficult to knock into a cock$ hat4 ,b ev5 ! truly liv+ & ev5 life-giv+ ?+s t w5t ) t /ream did n !reby prove t !y 7 liv+ or life-giv+4 ,x 0 ?is o!r =ce t 0 unque/ionably & unacc\ntably alive2 ! my/]i\s & unmeasur$ en]gy t 0 ?ru/+ back ! riv]4 ,t 0 felt to be l ! movem5t ( "s great mon/]2 & x 0 none ! less cle>ly a liv+ mon/] because mo/ p ?\ght x a prehi/oric mon/]4 ,x 0 none ! less an unnatural1 an incongru\s1 & to "s a comic upheaval2 z if ! ,great ,sea ,s]p5t _h sudd5ly ris5 out ( ! ,r\nd ,pond--unless we consid] ! ,sea ,s]p5t z m likely to live 9 ! ,s]p5t9e4 ,?is flippant elem5t 9 ! fantasy mu/ n be miss$1 = x 0 "o ( ! cle>e/ te/imonies to ! unexpect$ nature ( ! rev]sal4 ,t age did really feel t a prepo/]\s quality 9 prehi/oric animals belong$ also to hi/oric rituals2 t mitres & ti>as 7 l ! horns or cre/s ( ant$iluvian creatures2 & t appeal+ to a ,primitive ,*ur* 0 l dress+ up z a ,primitive ,man4 ,! _w is /ill puzzl$ by t movem5t2 b mo/ ( all because x /ill moves4 ,i h said some?+ else:]e ( ! r r&om sort ( reproa*es t are /ill direct$ aga9/ x & its mu* great] consequ5ces2 x is en\gh to say "h t ! m su* critics reproa* x ! less !y expla9 x4 ,9 a s5se x is my conc]n "h1 if n to expla9 x1 at lea/ to sugge/ ! direction ( ! explanation2 b above all1 x is my conc]n to po9t out "o p>ticul> ?+ ab\t x4 ,& t is t x _h all happ5$ be=e2 & ev5 _m times be=e4 ,to sum up1 9 s f> z x is true t rec5t c5turies h se5 an att5uation ( ,*ri/ian doctr9e1 rec5t c5turies h only se5 :at ! mo/ remote c5turies h se54 ,& ev5 ! mod]n example has only end$ z ! m$ieval & pre-m$ieval examples end$4 ,x is already cle>1 & gr[s cle>] e day1 t x is n go+ to end 9 ! disappe>ance ( ! dim9i%$ cre$2 b r 9 ! return ( ^? p>ts ( x t _h really disappe>$4 ,x is go+ to end z ! ,arian compromise end$1 z ! attempts at a compromise ) ,nom9alism & ev5 ) ,albig5sianism end$4 ,b ! po9t to seize 9 ! mod]n case1 z 9 all ! o!r cases1 is t :at returns is n 9 t s5se a simplifi$ !ology2 n accord+ to t view a purifi$ !ology2 x is simply !ology4 ,x is t en?usiasm = !ological /udies t m>k$ ! mo/ doctr9al ages2 x is ! div9e sci5ce4 ,an old ,don ) ,d4,d4 aft] 8 "n may h become ! typical figure ( a bore2 b t 0 because he 0 himself bor$ ) 8 !ology1 n because he 0 excit$ ab\t x4 ,x 0 precisely because he 0 admitt$ly m int]e/$ 9 ! ,lat9 ( ,plautus ?an 9 ! ,lat9 ( ,augu/9e1 9 ! ,greek ( ,x5ophon ?an 9 ! ,greek ( ,*ryso/om4 ,x 0 precisely because he 0 m int]e/$ 9 a dead tradition ?an 9 a decid$ly liv+ tradition4 ,9 %ort1 x 0 precisely because he 0 himself a type ( ! "t 9 :i* ,*ri/ian fai? 0 weak4 ,x 0 n because m5 w\ld n hail1 if !y c\ld1 ! wond]ful & almo/ wild vision ( a ,doctor ( ,div9ity4 ,!re are p :o say !y wi% ,*ri/ianity to rema9 z a _s4 ,!y mean1 v lit]ally1 t !y wi% x to rema9 z a gho/4 ,b x is n go+ to rema9 z a gho/4 ,:at foll[s ?is process ( app>5t dea? is n ! l+]+ ( ! %ade2 x is ! resurrection ( ! body4 ,^! p are q prep>$ to %$ pi\s & rev]5tial te>s ov] ! ,sepul*re ( ! ,son ( ,man2 :at !y are n prep>$ = is ! ,son ( ,god walk+ once m ^u ! hills ( morn+4 ,^! p1 & inde$ mo/ p1 7 inde$ by ?is "t q accu/om$ to ! idea t ! old ,*ri/ian c&le-light w\ld fade into ! light ( common day4 ,to _m ( !m x did q hone/ly appe> l t pale yell[ flame ( a c&le :5 x is left burn+ 9 daylight4 ,x 0 all ! m unexpect$1 & !re=e all ! m unmi/akable1 t ! sev5-bran*$ c&le-/ick sudd5ly t[]$ to heav5 l a miracul\s tree & flam$ until ! sun turn$ pale4 ,b o!r ages h se5 ! day conqu] ! c&le-light & !n ! c&le-light conqu] ! day4 ,aga9 & aga91 be=e our "t1 m5 h gr[n cont5t ) a dilut$ doctr9e4 ,& aga9 & aga9 !re has foll[$ on t dilution1 com+ z out ( ! d>kness 9 a crimson cat>act1 ! /r5g? ( ! r$ orig9al w9e4 ,& we only say once m to-day z has be5 said _m times by our fa!rs3 #8,long ye>s & c5turies ago our fa!rs or ! f\nd]s ( our p drank1 z !y dream$1 ( ! blood ( ,god4 ,long ye>s & c5turies h pass$ s9ce ! /r5g? ( t giant v9tage has be5 any?+ b a leg5d ( ! age ( giants4 ,c5turies ago already is ! d>k "t ( ! second f]m5tation1 :5 ! w9e ( ,ca?olicism turn$ into ! v9eg> ( ,calv9ism4 ,long s9ce t bitt] dr9k has be5 itself dilut$2 r9s$ out & wa%$ away by ! wat]s ( oblivion & ! wave ( ! _w4 ,nev] did we ?9k to ta/e aga9 ev5 t bitt] tang ( s9c]ity & ! _s1 /ill less ! ri*] & ! sweet] /r5g? ( ! purple v9ey>ds 9 our dreams ( ! age ( gold4 ,day by day & ye> by ye> we h l[]$ our hopes & less5$ our convictions2 we h gr[n m & m us$ to see+ ^? vats & v9ey>ds ov]:elm$ 9 ! wat]-floods & ! la/ sav\r & sugge/ion ( t special elem5t fad+ l a /a9 ( purple ^u a sea ( grey4 ,we h gr[n us$ to dilution1 to dissolution1 to a wat]+ d[n t w5t on = ev]4 ,b ,?\ ha/ kept ! good w9e until n[4' ,?is is ! f9al fact1 & x is ! mo/ extraord9>y ( all4 ,! fai? has n only (t5 di$ b x has (t5 di$ ( old age4 ,x has n only be5 (t5 kill$ b x has (t5 di$ a natural dea?2 9 ! s5se ( com+ to a natural & necess>y end4 ,x is obvi\s t x has surviv$ ! mo/ savage & ! mo/ univ]sal p]secutions f ! %ock ( ! ,diocletian fury to ! %ock ( ! ,fr5* ,revolution4 ,b x has a m /range & ev5 a m weird t5acity2 x has surviv$ n only w> b peace4 ,x has n only di$ (t5 b deg5]at$ (t5 & decay$ (t52 x has surviv$ its own weakness & ev5 its own surr5d]4 ,we ne$ n repeat :at is s obvi\s ab\t ! beauty ( ! end ( ,*ri/ 9 its w$d+ ( y\? & dea?4 ,b ?is is almo/ z if ,*ri/ _h liv$ to ! la/ possible span1 _h be5 a :ite-hair$ sage ( a hundr$ & di$ ( natural decay1 & !n _h ris5 aga9 rejuv5at$1 ) trumpets & ! r5d+ ( ! sky4 ,x 0 said truly en\gh t human ,*ri/ianity 9 its recurr5t weakness 0 sometimes too mu* w$d$ to ! p[]s ( ! _w2 b if x 0 w$d$ x has v (t5 be5 wid[$4 ,x is a /rangely immortal sort ( wid[4 ,an enemy may h said at "o mom5t t x 0 b an aspect ( ! p[] ( ! ,caes>s2 & x s\nds z /range to-day z to call x an aspect ( ! ,ph>aohs4 ,an enemy might say t x 0 ! (ficial fai? ( feudalism2 & x s\nds z conv9c+ n[ z to say t x 0 b\nd to p]i% ) ! anci5t ,roman villa4 ,all ^! ?+s did inde$ run _! c\rse to its normal end2 & !re seem$ no c\rse = ! religion b to end ) !m4 ,x end$ & x began aga94 #8,heav5 & e>? %all pass away1 b my words %all n pass away4' ,! civilisation ( antiquity 0 ! :ole _w3 & m5 no m dream$ ( its end+ ?an ( ! end+ ( daylight4 ,!y c\ld n imag9e ano!r ord] unless x 7 9 ano!r _w4 ,! civilisation ( ! _w has pass$ away & ^? words h n pass$ away4 ,9 ! long night ( ! ,d>k ,ages feudalism 0 s famili> a ?+ t no man c\ld imag9e himself )\t a "l3 & religion 0 s wov5 into t network t no man w\ld h believ$ !y c\ld be torn asund]4 ,feudalism itself 0 torn to rags & rott$ away 9 ! popul> life ( ! true ,middle ,ages2 & ! fir/ & fre%e/ p[] 9 t new fre$om 0 ! old religion4 ,feudalism _h pass$ away1 & ! words did n pass away4 ,! :ole m$ieval ord]1 9 _m ways s complete & almo/ cosmic a home = man1 wore out gradually 9 its turn3 & "h at lea/ x 0 ?\ght t ! words w\ld die4 ,!y w5t =? across ! radiant abyss ( ! ,r5aissance & 9 fifty ye>s 7 us+ all its light & le>n+ = new religi\s f\ndations1 new apologetics1 new sa9ts4 ,x 0 suppos$ to h be5 )]$ up at la/ 9 ! dry light ( ! ,age ( ,reason2 x 0 suppos$ to h disappe>$ ultimately 9 ! e>?quake ( ! ,age ( ,revolution4 ,sci5ce expla9$ x away2 & x 0 /ill !re4 ,hi/ory dis9t]r$ x 9 ! pa/2 & x appe>$ sudd5ly 9 ! future4 ,to-day x /&s once m 9 our pa?2 & ev5 z we wat* x1 x gr[s4 ,if our social relations & records reta9 _! cont9uity1 if m5 really le>n to apply reason to ! accumulat+ facts ( s cru%+ a /ory1 x w\ld seem t soon] or lat] ev5 its enemies w le>n f _! incessant & int]m9able disappo9tm5ts n to look = any?+ s simple z its dea?4 ,!y may cont9ue to w> ) x1 b x w be z !y w> ) nature2 z !y w> ) ! l&scape1 z !y w> ) ! skies4 #8,heav5 & e>? %all pass away1 b my words %all n pass away4' ,!y w wat* = x to /umble2 !y w wat* = x to err2 !y w no long] wat* = x to end4 ,ins5sibly1 ev5 unconsci\sly1 !y w 9 _! own sil5t anticipations fulfil ! relative t]ms ( t a/\nd+ prophecy2 !y w =get to wat* = ! m]e ext9ction ( :at has s (t5 be5 va9ly ext+ui%$2 & w le>n in/9ctively to look fir/ = ! com+ ( ! comet or ! freez+ ( ! />4 ,,conclusion ,,! ,,summ>y ,,( ,,?is ,,book ,i h tak5 ! lib]ty once or twice ( borr[+ ! excell5t phrase ab\t an ,outl9e ( ,hi/ory2 ?\gh ?is /udy ( a special tru? & a special error c ( c\rse claim no sort ( comp>ison ) ! ri* & _m-sid$ encyclop$ia ( hi/ory1 = :i* t "n 0 *os54 ,& yet !re is a c]ta9 reason 9 ! ref]5ce2 & a s5se 9 :i* ! "o ?+ t\*es & ev5 cuts across ! o!r4 ,= ! /ory ( ! _w z told by ,mr4 ,wells c\ld "h only be criticis$ z an outl9e4 ,&1 /rangely en\gh1 x seems to me t x is only wrong z an outl9e4 ,x is admirable z an accumulation ( hi/ory2 x is spl5did z a /oreh\se or treasury ( hi/ory2 x is a fasc9at+ disquisition on hi/ory2 x is mo/ attractive z an amplification ( hi/ory2 b x is q false z an outl9e ( hi/ory4 ,! "o ?+ t seems to me q wrong ab\t x is ! outl9e2 ! sort ( outl9e t c really be a s+le l9e1 l t :i* makes all ! diff]5ce betwe5 a c>icature ( ! pr(ile ( ,mr4 ,w9/on ,*ur*ill & ( ,sir ,alfr$ ,mond4 ,9 simple & homely language1 ,i mean ! ?+s t /ick out2 ! ?+s t make ! simplicity ( a silh\ette4 ,i ?9k ! proportions are wrong2 ! proportions ( :at is c]ta9 z comp>$ ) :at is unc]ta91 ( :at play$ a great "p z comp>$ ) :at play$ a small] "p1 ( :at is ord9>y & :at is extraord9>y1 ( :at really lies level ) an av]age & :at /&s out z an exception4 ,i d n say x z a small criticism ( a great writ]1 & ,i h no reason to d s2 = 9 my own mu* small] task ,i feel ,i h fail$ 9 v mu* ! same way4 ,i am v d\btful :e!r ,i h convey$ to ! read] ! ma9 po9t ,i meant ab\t ! proportions ( hi/ory1 & :y ,i h dwelt s mu* m on "s ?+s ?an o!rs4 ,i d\bt :e!r ,i h cle>ly fulfill$ ! plan t ,i set out 9 ! introductory *apt]2 & = t reason ,i add ^! l9es z a sort ( summ>y 9 a conclud+ *apt]4 ,i d believe t ! ?+s on :i* ,i h insi/$ are m ess5tial to an outl9e ( hi/ory ?an ! ?+s :i* ,i h subord9at$ or dismiss$4 ,i d n believe t ! pa/ is mo/ truly pictur$ z a ?+ 9 :i* humanity m]ely fades away into nature1 or civilisation m]ely fades away into b>b>ism1 or religion fades away into my?ology1 or our own religion fades away into ! religions ( ! _w4 ,9 %ort ,i d n believe t ! be/ way to produce an outl9e ( hi/ory is to rub out ! l9es4 ,i believe t1 ( ! two1 x w\ld be f> ne>] ! tru? to tell ! tale v simply1 l a primitive my? ab\t a man :o made ! sun & />s or a god :o ent]$ ! body ( a sacr$ monkey4 ,i w !re=e sum up all t has gone be=e 9 :at seems to me a reali/ic & reasonably proportion$ /atem5t2 ! %ort /ory ( mank9d4 ,9 ! l& lit by t neighb\r+ />1 ^: blaze is ! broad daylight1 !re are _m & v v>i\s ?+s1 motionless & mov+4 ,!re moves among !m a race t is 9 its relation to ! o!rs a race ( gods4 ,! fact is n less5$ b emphasis$ because x c behave l a race ( demons4 ,its di/9ction is n an individual illusion1 l "o bird plum+ itself on its own plumes2 x is a solid & a _m-sid$ ?+4 ,x is demon/rat$ 9 ! v speculations t h l$ to its be+ d5i$4 ,t m51 ! gods ( ?is l[] _w1 are l9k$ ) x 9 v>i\s ways is true2 b x is ano!r aspect ( ! same tru?4 ,t !y gr[ z ! grass gr[s & walk z ! bea/s walk is a second>y necessity t %>p5s ! prim>y di/9ction4 ,x is l say+ t a magician mu/ aft] all h ! appe>ance ( a man2 or t ev5 ! fairies c\ld n dance )\t feet4 ,x has lately be5 ! fa%ion to focus ! m9d entirely on ^! mild & subord9ate resemblances & to =get ! ma9 fact altoge!r4 ,x is cu/om>y to insi/ t man resembles ! o!r creatures4 ,yes2 & t v resemblance he alone c see4 ,! fi% does n trace ! fi%-bone patt]n 9 ! f[ls ( ! air2 or ! elephant & ! emu comp>e skeletons4 ,ev5 9 ! s5se 9 :i* man is at "o ) ! univ]se x is an utt]ly lonely univ]sality4 ,! v s5se t he is unit$ ) all ?+s is en\gh to sund] him f all4 ,look+ ar\nd him by ?is unique light1 z lonely z ! lit]al flame t he alone has k9dl$1 ?is demigod or demon ( ! visible _w makes t _w visible4 ,he sees ar\nd him a _w ( a c]ta9 /yle or type4 ,x seems to proce$ by c]ta9 rules or at lea/ repetitions4 ,he sees a gre5 ar*itecture t builds itself )\t visible h&s2 b :i* builds itself into a v exact plan or patt]n1 l a design already drawn 9 ! air by an invisible f+]4 ,x is n1 z is n[ vaguely sugge/$1 a vague ?+4 ,x is n a gr[? or a grop+ ( bl9d life4 ,ea* seeks an end2 a glori\s & radiant end1 ev5 = e daisy or d&elion we see 9 look+ across ! level ( a common field4 ,9 ! v %ape ( ?+s !re is m ?an gre5 gr[?2 !re is ! f9ality ( ! fl[]4 ,x is a _w ( cr[ns4 ,?is impression1 :e!r or no x be an illusion1 has s pr(\ndly influ5c$ ?is race ( ?9k]s & ma/]s ( ! mat]ial _w1 t ! va/ majority h be5 mov$ to take a c]ta9 view ( t _w4 ,!y h conclud$1 rightly or wrongly1 t ! _w _h a plan z ! tree seem$ to h a plan2 & an end & cr[n l ! fl[]4 ,b s long z ! race ( ?9k]s 0 able to ?9k1 x 0 obvi\s t ! admission ( ?is idea ( a plan br\ght ) x ano!r ?\ght m ?rill+ & ev5 t]rible4 ,!re 0 "s "o else1 "s /range & unse5 be+1 :o _h design$ ^! ?+s1 if inde$ !y 7 design$4 ,!re 0 a /rang] :o 0 also a fri5d2 a my/]i\s b5efactor :o _h be5 be=e !m & built up ! woods & hills = _! com+1 & _h k9dl$ ! sunrise aga9/ _! ris+1 z a s]vant k9dles a fire4 ,n[ ?is idea ( a m9d t gives a mean+ to ! univ]se has receiv$ m & m confirmation )9 ! m9ds ( m51 by m$itations & exp]i5ces mu* m subtle & se>*+ ?an any su* argum5t ab\t ! ext]nal plan ( ! _w4 ,b ,i am conc]n$ "h ) keep+ ! /ory 9 its mo/ simple & ev5 concrete t]ms2 & x is en\gh to say "h t mo/ m51 includ+ ! wise/ m51 h come to ! conclusion t ! _w has su* a f9al purpose & !re=e su* a fir/ cause4 ,b mo/ m5 9 "s s5se sep>at$ !mselves f ! wise/ m51 :5 x came to ! treatm5t ( t idea4 ,!re came into exi/5ce two ways ( treat+ t idea2 :i* betwe5 !m make up mo/ ( ! religi\s hi/ory ( ! _w4 ,! majority1 l ! m9ority1 _h ?is /rong s5se ( a second mean+ 9 ?+s2 ( a /range ma/] :o knew ! secret ( ! _w4 ,b ! majority1 ! mob or mass ( m51 naturally t5d$ to treat x r 9 ! _s ( gossip4 ,! gossip1 l all gossip1 conta9$ a great deal ( tru? & falsehood4 ,! _w began to tell itself tales ab\t ! unkn[n be+ or 8 sons or s]vants or mess5g]s4 ,"s ( ! tales may truly be call$ old wives' tales2 z pr(ess+ only to be v remote memories ( ! morn+ ( ! _w2 my?s ab\t ! baby moon or ! half-bak$ m\nta9s4 ,"s ( !m might m truly be call$ travell]s' tales2 z be+ curi\s b contempor>y tales br\ght f c]ta9 bord]l&s ( exp]i5ce2 su* z miracul\s cures or ^? t br+ :isp]s ( :at has happ5$ to ! dead4 ,_m ( !m are probably true tales2 en\gh ( !m are probably true to keep a p]son ( real common s5se m or less consci\s t !re really is some?+ r m>vell\s beh9d ! cosmic curta94 ,b 9 a s5se x is only go+ by appe>ances2 ev5 if ! appe>ances are call$ app>itions4 ,x is a matt] ( appe>ances--& disappe>ances4 ,at ! mo/ ^! gods are gho/s2 t is1 !y are glimpses4 ,= mo/ ( u !y are r gossip ab\t glimpses4 ,& = ! re/1 ! :ole _w is full ( rum\rs1 mo/ ( :i* are almo/ av[$ly romances4 ,! great majority ( ! tales ab\t gods & gho/s & ! invisible k+ are told1 if n = ! sake ( ! tale1 at lea/ = ! sake ( ! topic4 ,!y are evid5ce ( ! et]nal int]e/ ( ! !me2 !y are n evid5ce ( any?+ else1 & !y are n meant to be4 ,!y are my?ology1 or ! poetry t is n b\nd 9 books--or b\nd 9 any o!r way4 ,mean:ile ! m9ority1 ! sages or ?9k]s1 _h )drawn ap>t & _h tak5 up an equally cong5ial trade4 ,!y 7 draw+ up plans ( ! _w2 ( ! _w :i* all believ$ to h a plan4 ,!y 7 try+ to set =? ! plan s]i\sly & to scale4 ,!y 7 sett+ _! m9ds directly to ! m9d t _h made ! my/]i\s _w2 consid]+ :at sort ( a m9d x might be & :at its ultimate purpose might be4 ,"s ( !m made t m9d mu* m imp]sonal ?an mank9d has g5]ally made x2 "s simplifi$ x almo/ to a blank2 a few1 a v few1 d\bt$ x altoge!r4 ,"o or two ( ! m morbid fanci$ t x might be evil & an enemy2 j "o or two ( ! m degrad$ 9 ! o!r class wor%ipp$ demons in/ead ( gods4 ,b mo/ ( ^! !ori/s 7 !i/s3 & !y n only saw a moral plan 9 nature1 b !y g5]ally laid d[n a moral plan = humanity4 ,mo/ ( !m 7 good m5 :o did good "w3 & !y 7 rememb]$ & rev]5c$ 9 v>i\s ways4 ,!y 7 scribes2 & _! scriptures became m or less holy scriptures4 ,!y 7 law-giv]s2 & _! tradition became n only legal b c]emonial4 ,we may say t !y receiv$ div9e hon\rs1 9 ! s5se 9 :i* k+s & great capta9s 9 c]ta9 c\ntries (t5 receiv$ div9e hon\rs4 ,9 a ^w1 :]ev] ! o!r popul> _s1 ! _s ( leg5d & gossip1 c\ld come into play1 x surr\nd$ !m ) ! m my/ical atmosph]e ( ! my?s4 ,popul> poetry turn$ ! sages into sa9ts4 ,b t 0 all x did4 ,!y rema9$ !mselves2 m5 nev] really =got t !y 7 m51 only made into gods 9 ! s5se t !y 7 made into h]oes4 ,div9e ,plato1 l ,divus ,caes>1 0 a title & n a dogma4 ,9 ,asia1 :]e ! atmosph]e 0 m my?ological1 ! man 0 made to look m l a my?1 b he rema9$ a man4 ,he rema9$ a man ( a c]ta9 special class or s*ool ( m51 receiv+ & des]v+ great hon\r f mank9d4 ,x is ! ord] or s*ool ( ! philosoph]s2 ! m5 :o h set !mselves s]i\sly to trace ! ord] across any app>5t *aos 9 ! vision ( life4 ,in/ead ( liv+ on imag9ative rum\rs & remote traditions & ! tail-end ( exceptional exp]i5ces ab\t ! m9d & mean+ beh9d ! _w1 !y h tri$ 9 a s5se to project ! prim>y purpose ( t m9d a priori4 ,!y h tri$ to put on pap] a possible plan ( ! _w2 almo/ z if ! _w 7 n yet made4 ,"r 9 ! middle ( all ^! ?+s /&s up an enorm\s exception4 ,x is q unlike any?+ else4 ,x is a ?+ f9al l ! trump ( doom1 ?\gh x is also a piece ( good news2 or news t seems too good to be true4 ,x is no?+ less ?an ! l\d ass]tion t ?is my/]i\s mak] ( ! _w has visit$ 8 _w 9 p]son4 ,x decl>es t really & ev5 rec5tly1 or "r 9 ! middle ( hi/oric times1 !re did walk into ! _w ?is orig9al invisible be+2 ab\t :om ! ?9k]s make !ories & ! my?ologi/s h& d[n my?s2 ! ,man ,:o ,made ! ,_w4 ,t su* a high] p]sonality exi/s beh9d all ?+s _h inde$ always be5 impli$ by all ! be/ ?9k]s1 z well z by all ! mo/ beautiful leg5ds4 ,b no?+ ( ?is sort _h ev] be5 impli$ 9 any ( !m4 ,x is simply false to say t ! o!r sages & h]oes _h claim$ to be t my/]i\s ma/] & mak]1 ( :om ! _w _h dream$ & disput$4 ,n "o ( !m _h ev] claim$ to be any?+ ( ! sort4 ,n "o ( _! sects or s*ools _h ev] claim$ t !y _h claim$ to be any?+ ( ! sort4 ,! mo/ t any religi\s prophet _h said 0 t he 0 ! true s]vant ( su* a be+4 ,! mo/ t any vision>y _h ev] said 0 t m5 might cat* glimpses ( ! glory ( t spiritual be+2 or mu* m (t5 ( less] spiritual be+s4 ,! mo/ t any primitive my? _h ev] sugge/$ 0 t ! ,creator 0 pres5t at ! ,creation4 ,b t ! ,creator 0 pres5t at sc5es a little subsequ5t to ! supp]-p>ties ( ,horace1 & talk$ ) tax-collectors & gov]nm5t (ficials 9 ! detail$ daily life ( ! ,roman ,empire1 & t ?is fact cont9u$ to be firmly ass]t$ by ! :ole ( t great civilisation = m ?an a ?\s& ye>s--t is some?+ utt]ly unlike any?+ else 9 nature4 ,x is ! "o great />tl+ /atem5t t man has made s9ce he spoke 8 fir/ articulate ^w1 in/ead ( b>k+ l a dog4 ,its unique "* c be us$ z an argum5t aga9/ x z well z = x4 ,x w\ld be easy to conc5trate on x z a case ( isolat$ insanity2 b x makes no?+ b du/ & nons5se ( comp>ative religion4 ,x came on ! _w ) a w9d & ru% ( runn+ mess5g]s proclaim+ t apocalyptic port5t2 & x is n unduly fanciful to say !y are runn+ /ill4 ,:at puzzles ! _w1 & its wise philosoph]s & fanciful pagan poets1 ab\t ! prie/s & p ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* is t !y /ill behave z if !y 7 mess5g]s4 ,a mess5g] does n dream ab\t :at 8 message might be1 or argue ab\t :at x probably w\ld be2 he deliv]s x z x is4 ,x is n a !ory or a fancy b a fact4 ,x is n relevant to ?is int5tionally rudim5t>y outl9e to prove 9 detail t x is a fact2 b m]ely to po9t out t ^! mess5g]s d deal ) x z m5 deal ) a fact4 ,all t is condemn$ 9 ,ca?olic tradition1 au?ority1 & dogmatism & ! refusal to retract & modify1 are b ! natural human attributes ( a man ) a message relat+ to a fact4 ,i desire to avoid 9 ?is la/ summ>y all ! controv]sial complexities t may once m cl\d ! simple l9es ( t /range /ory2 :i* ,i h already call$1 9 words t are mu* too weak1 ! /range/ /ory 9 ! _w4 ,i desire m]ely to m>k ^? ma9 l9es & specially to m>k :]e ! great l9e is really to be drawn4 ,! religion ( ! _w1 9 its "r proportions1 is n divid$ into f9e %ades ( my/icism or m or less rational =ms ( my?ology4 ,x is divid$ by ! l9e betwe5 ! m5 :o are br++ t message & ! m5 :o h n yet he>d x1 or _c yet believe x4 ,b :5 we translate ! t]ms ( t /range tale back into ! m concrete & complicat$ t]m9ology ( our "t1 we f9d x cov]$ by names & memories ( :i* ! v famili>ity is a falsification4 ,= in/ance1 :5 we say t a c\ntry conta9s s _m ,moslems1 we really mean t x conta9s s _m mono!i/s2 & we really mean1 by t1 t x conta9s s _m m52 m5 ) ! old av]age assumption ( m5--t ! invisible rul] rema9s invisible4 ,!y hold x along ) ! cu/oms ( a c]ta9 culture & "u ! simpl] laws ( a c]ta9 law-giv]2 b s !y w\ld if _! law-giv] 7 ,lycurgus or ,solon4 ,!y te/ify to some?+ :i* is a necess>y & noble tru?2 b 0 nev] a new tru?4 ,_! cre$ is n a new col\r2 x is ! neutral & normal t9t t is ! backgr\nd ( ! _m-col\r$ life ( man4 ,mahomet did n1 l ! ,magi1 f9d a new />2 he saw ?r\gh 8 own p>ticul> w9d[ a glimpse ( ! great grey field ( ! anci5t />light4 ,s :5 we say t ! c\ntry conta9s s _m ,confucians or ,buddhi/s1 we mean t x conta9s s _m ,pagans ^: prophets h giv5 !m ano!r & r vagu] v]sion ( ! invisible p[]2 mak+ x n only invisible b almo/ imp]sonal4 ,:5 we say t !y also h temples & idols & prie/s & p]iodical fe/ivals1 we simply mean t ?is sort ( hea!n is en\gh ( a human be+ to admit ! popul> elem5t ( pomp & pictures & fea/s & fairy-tales4 ,we only mean t ,pagans h m s5se ?an ,puritans4 ,b :at ! gods are suppos$ to be1 :at ! prie/s are commission$ to say1 is n a s5sational secret l :at ^? runn+ mess5g]s ( ! ,gospel _h to say4 ,nobody else except ^? mess5g]s has any ,gospel2 nobody else has any good news2 = ! simple reason t nobody else has any news4 ,^? runn]s ga!r impetus z !y run4 ,ages aft]w>ds !y /ill speak z if some?+ _h j happ5$4 ,!y h n lo/ ! spe$ & mom5tum ( mess5g]s2 !y h h>dly lo/1 z x 71 ! wild eyes ( witnesses4 ,9 ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 :i* is ! cohort ( ! message1 !re are /ill ^? headlong acts ( hol9ess t speak ( some?+ rapid & rec5t2 a self-sacrifice t />tles ! _w l a suicide4 ,b x is n a suicide2 x is n pessimi/ic2 x is /ill z optimi/ic z ,/4 ,francis ( ! fl[]s & birds4 ,x is new] 9 _s ?an ! newe/ s*ools ( ?\ght2 & x is almo/ c]ta9ly on ! eve ( new triumphs4 ,= ^! m5 s]ve a "m :o seems to gr[ m beautiful z new g5]ations rise up & call h] bless$4 ,we might sometimes fancy t ! ,*ur* gr[s y\ng] z ! _w gr[s old4 ,= ?is is ! la/ pro( ( ! miracle2 t some?+ s sup]natural %\ld h become s natural4 ,i mean t any?+ s unique :5 se5 f ! outside %\ld only seem univ]sal :5 se5 f ! inside4 ,i h n m9imis$ ! scale ( ! miracle1 z "s ( our mild] !ologians ?9k x wise to d4 ,r h ,i delib]ately dwelt on t incr$ible int]ruption1 z a bl[ t broke ! v backbone ( hi/ory4 ,i h great sympa?y ) ! mono!i/s1 ! ,moslems1 or ! ,jews1 to :om x seems a blasphemy2 a blasphemy t might %ake ! _w4 ,b x did n %ake ! _w2 x /eadi$ ! _w4 ,t fact1 ! m we consid] x1 w seem m solid & m /range4 ,i ?9k x a piece ( pla9 ju/ice to all ! unbeliev]s to insi/ ^u ! audacity ( ! act ( fai? t is dem&$ ( !m4 ,i will+ly & w>mly agree t x is1 9 itself1 a sugge/ion at :i* we might expect ev5 ! bra9 ( ! believ] to reel1 :5 he realis$ 8 own belief4 ,b ! bra9 ( ! believ] does n reel2 x is ! bra9s ( ! unbeliev]s t reel4 ,we c see _! bra9s reel+ on e side & into e extravagance ( e?ics & psy*ology2 into pessimism & ! d5ial ( life2 into pragmatism & ! d5ial ( logic2 seek+ _! om5s 9 nightm>es & _! canons 9 contradictions2 %riek+ = fe> at ! f>-(f sight ( ?+s beyond good & evil1 or :isp]+ ( /range />s :]e two & two make five4 ,mean:ile ?is solit>y ?+ t seems at fir/ s outrage\s 9 outl9e rema9s solid & sane 9 sub/ance4 ,x rema9s ! mod]ator ( all ^! manias2 rescu+ reason f ! ,pragmati/s exactly z x rescu$ laught] f ! ,puritans4 ,i repeat t ,i h delib]ately emphasis$ its intr9sically defiant & dogmatic "*4 ,! my/]y is h[ any?+ s />tl+ %\ld h rema9$ defiant & dogmatic & yet become p]fectly normal & natural4 ,i h admitt$ freely t1 consid]+ ! incid5t 9 itself1 a man :o says he is ,god may be class$ ) a man :o says he is glass4 ,b ! man :o says he is glass is n a glazi] mak+ w9d[s = all ! _w4 ,he does n rema9 = aft] ages z a %9+ & cry/all9e figure1 9 ^: light ev]y?+ is z cle> z cry/al4 ,b ?is madness has rema9$ sane4 ,! madness has rema9$ sane :5 ev]y?+ else w5t mad4 ,! madh\se has be5 a h\se to :i*1 age aft] age1 m5 are cont9ually com+ back z to a home4 ,t is ! riddle t rema9s2 t any?+ s abrupt & abnormal %\ld /ill be f\nd a habitable & hospitable ?+4 ,i c>e n if ! sceptic says x is a tall /ory2 ,i _c see h[ s toppl+ a t[] c\ld /& s long )\t f\ndation4 ,/ill less c ,i see h[ x c\ld become1 z x has become1 ! home ( man4 ,_h x m]ely appe>$ & disappe>$1 x might possibly h be5 rememb]$ or expla9$ z ! la/ leap ( ! rage ( illusion1 ! ultimate my? ( ! ultimate mood1 9 :i* ! m9d /ruck ! sky & broke4 ,b ! m9d did n break4 ,x is ! "o m9d t rema9s unbrok5 9 ! break-up ( ! _w4 ,if x 7 an error1 x seems z if ! error c\ld h>dly h la/$ a day4 ,if x 7 a m]e ec/asy1 x w\ld seem t su* an ec/asy c\ld n endure = an h\r4 ,x has endur$ = ne>ly two ?\s& ye>s2 & ! _w )9 x has be5 m lucid1 m levelhead$1 m reasonable 9 its hopes1 m heal?y 9 its in/9cts1 m humor\s & *e]ful 9 ! face ( fate & dea?1 ?an all ! _w outside4 ,= x 0 ! s\l ( ,*ri/5dom t came =? f ! incr$ible ,*ri/2 & ! s\l ( x 0 common s5se4 ,?\gh we d>$ n look on ,8 face we c\ld look on ,8 fruits2 & by ,8 fruits we %\ld "k ,him4 ,! fruits are solid & ! fruitfulness is mu* m ?an a metaphor2 & n[h]e 9 ?is sad _w are boys happi] 9 apple-trees1 or m5 9 m equal *orus s++ z !y tread ! v9e1 ?an "u ! fix$ fla% ( ?is in/ant & intol]ant enlight5m5t2 ! lightn+ made et]nal z ! light4 ,,app5dix ,i ,,on ,,prehi/oric ,,man ,9 a s5se x w\ld be bett] if hi/ory 7 m sup]ficial4 ,:at is want$ is a rem9d] ( ! ?+s t are se5 s quickly t !y are =gott5 almo/ z quickly4 ,! "o moral ( ?is book1 9 a mann] ( speak+1 is t fir/ ?\ghts are be/4 ,s a fla% might reveal a l&scape2 ) ! ,eiffel ,t[] or ! ,matt]horn /&+ up 9 x z !y w\ld nev] /& up aga9 9 ! light ( common day4 ,i end$ ! book ) an image ( ev]la/+ lightn+2 9 a v diff]5t s5se1 alas1 ?is little fla% has la/$ only too long4 ,b ! me?od has also c]ta9 practical disadvantages ^u :i* ,i ?9k x well to add ^! two notes4 ,x may seem to simplify too mu* & to ignore out ( ignorance4 ,i feel ?is especially 9 ! passage ab\t ! prehi/oric pictures2 :i* is n conc]n$ ) all t ! le>n$ may le>n f prehi/oric pictures1 b ) ! s+le po9t ( :at anybody c\ld le>n f !re be+ any prehi/oric pictures at all4 ,i am consci\s t ?is attempt to express x 9 t]ms ( innoc5ce may exagg]ate ev5 my own ignorance4 ,)\t any pret5ce ( sci5tific rese>*1 ,i %\ld be sorry to h x ?\ght t ,i knew no m ?an ,i _h occasion to say 9 t passage ( ! /ages into :i* primitive humanity has be5 divid$4 ,i am aw>e1 ( c\rse1 t ! /ory is elaborately /ratifi$2 & t !re 7 _m su* /ages be=e ! ,cro-,magnan or any peoples ) :om we associate su* pictures4 ,inde$ rec5t /udies ab\t ! ,ne&]?al & o!r races r t5d to repeat ! moral t is "h mo/ relevant4 ,! notion1 not$ 9 ^! pages1 ( some?+ necess>ily sl[ or late 9 ! developm5t ( religion w ga9 little inde$ f ^! lat] revelations ab\t ! precursors ( ! re9de] picture-mak]4 ,! le>n$ appe> to hold t1 :e!r ! re9de] picture c\ld be religi\s or n1 ! p t liv$ be=e x 7 religi\s already4 ,m5 7 already bury+ _! dead ) ! c>e t is ! significant sign ( my/]y & hope4 ,?is obvi\sly br+s u back to ! same argum5t2 an argum5t t is n approa*$ by any measurem5t ( ! e>li] man's skull4 ,x is little use to comp>e ! head ( ! man ) ! head ( ! monkey1 if x c]ta9ly has nev] come into ! head ( ! monkey to bury ano!r monkey ) nuts 9 8 grave to help him t[>ds a heav5ly monkey-h\se4 ,talk+ ( skulls1 we all "k ! /ory ( ! f9d+ ( a ,cro-,magnan skull t is mu* l>g] & f9] ?an a mod]n skull4 ,x is a v funny /ory2 because an em95t evolutioni/1 awak5+ to a some:at belat$ caution1 prote/$ aga9/ any?+ be+ inf]r$ f "o specim54 ,x is ! duty ( a solit>y skull to prove t our fa!rs 7 our inf]iors4 ,any solit>y skull presum+ to prove t !y 7 sup]ior is felt to be suff]+ f swell$ head4 ,,app5dix ,,ii ,,on ,,au?ority ,,& ,,accuracy ,9 ?is book1 :i* is m]ely meant z a popul> criticism ( popul> fallacies1 (t5 inde$ ( v vulg> errors1 ,i feel t ,i h sometimes giv5 an impression ( sc(f+ at s]i\s sci5tific "w4 ,x 01 h[ev]1 ! v rev]se ( my int5tion4 ,i am n argu+ ) ! sci5ti/ :o expla9s ! elephant1 b only ) ! sophi/ :o expla9s x away4 ,& z a matt] ( fact ! sophi/ plays to ! gall]y1 z he did 9 anci5t ,greece4 ,he appeals to ! ignorant1 especially :5 he appeals to ! le>n$4 ,b ,i nev] meant my own criticism to be an imp]t95ce to ! truly le>n$4 ,we all owe an inf9ite debt to ! rese>*es1 especially ! rec5t rese>*es1 ( s+le-m9d$ /ud5ts 9 ^! matt]s2 & ,i h only pr(ess$ to pick up ?+s "h & !re f !m4 ,i h n load$ my ab/ract argum5t ) quotations & ref]5ces1 :i* only make a man look m le>n$ ?an he is2 b 9 "s cases ,i f9d t my own loose fa%ion ( allusion is r mislead+ ab\t my own mean+4 ,! passage ab\t ,*auc] & ! ,*ild ,m>tyr is badly express$2 ,i only mean t ! ,engli% poet probably _h 9 m9d ! ,engli% sa9t2 ( ^: /ory he gives a sort ( =eign v]sion4 ,9 ! same way two /atem5ts 9 ! *apt] on ,my?ology foll[ ea* o!r 9 su* a way t x may seem to be sugge/$ t ! second /ory ab\t ,mono!ism ref]s to ! ,s\!rn ,seas4 ,i may expla9 t ,atahocan belongs n to ,au/ralasian b to ,am]ican savages4 ,s 9 ! *apt] call$ #8,! ,antiquity ( ,civilisation1' :i* ,i feel to be ! mo/ unsatisfactory1 ,i h giv5 my own impression ( ! mean+ ( ! developm5t ( ,egyptian mon>*y too mu*1 p]haps1 z if x 7 id5tical ) ! facts on :i* x 0 f\nd$1 z giv5 9 works l ^? ( ,pr(essor ,j4 ,l4 ,myres4 ,b ! confusion 0 n int5tional2 /ill less 0 !re any int5tion to imply1 9 ! rema9d] ( ! *apt]1 t ! an?ropological speculations ab\t races are less valuable ?an !y und\bt$ly are4 ,my criticism is /rictly relative2 ,i may say t ! ,pyramids are pla9] ?an ! tracks ( ! des]t1 )\t d5y+ t wis] m5 ?an ,i may see tracks 9 :at is to me ! trackless s&4 ,transcrib]'s ,note3 ,two possible typos d mat* ! pr9t$ editions3 ,a lunatic may ?9k he is omnisci5ce1 & a fool may talk z if he 7 omnisci5t4 ,b ,*ri/ is 9 ano!r s5se omnisci5t if he n only kn[s1 b kn[s t he kn[s4 - omnisci5ce seems awkw>d1 b does make s5se4 ,b we may v5ture to say1 9 ,mr4 ,mantal9i's phrase1 t ?is evolution>y hi/ory has no outl9e or is a demd outl9e4 - ,x is uncle> :at demd %\ld be4