,transcrib]'s ,notes3-- ,italic text is clo!d ) und]scores4 ,bold text is clo!d ) equal signs4 ,! spell+1 hyph5ation1 punctuation & acc5tuation are z ! orig9al1 except = app>5t typographical errors :i* h be5 correct$4 ,illu/ration3 ,c\rtesy ( ,all5 ,motor ,co4 ,,sectional ,,view ,,( ,a ,,mod]n ,,automobile ,,) ,,f\r-,,cyl9d] ,,eng9e ,putnam's ,automobile ,h&book ,! ,c>e & ,managem5t ( ! ,mod]n ,motor-,c> ,by ,h4 ,clif=d ,brokaw ,pr9cipal ,& ,*>les ,a4 ,/>r ,( ! ,/aff ( ! ,automobile ,s*ool ( ! ,we/ ,side ,"y ,m5's ,*ri/ian ,association ( ,new ,york ,city ,illu/rat$ ,g4 ,p4 ,putnam's ,sons ,new ,york & ,london ,! ,knick]bock] ,press #aiah ,,copyright1 #aiah ,,by ,g4 ,p4 ,,putnam',s ,,sons ,! ,knick]bock] ,press1 ,new ,york ,,=eword ,mu* ( ! mat]ial1 "h assembl$ = ! fir/ "t1 has be5 pr9t$ 9 ! automobile section ( ,new ,york ,city newspap]s4 ,x has /ood ! scrut9y ( ! wise/ m5 9 ! automobile trade & has be5 read eag]ly by own]s )9 ! sph]e ( ! newspap]s' limit$ circulation2 "s ( x has be5 repr9t$ 9 pap]s all ov] ! c\ntry1 :i* is evid5ce en\gh ( its practical value4 ,! publication1 h[ev]1 has be5 )\t sequ5ce & all ( x has n appe>$ 9 any "o pap]4 ,moreov] x has be5 reassembl$ & rewritt5 & mu* has be5 add$ to r\nd out ! /ory ( ! automobile & to adapt ! mat]ial to ! use ( ev]yday m5 :o d n und]/& or c>e = ! m te*nical works4 ,x %\ld n be tak5 z ! la/ ^w conc]n+ ! auto4 ,t w n be writt5 until aft] ! automobile has be5 driv5 out ( bus9ess by ! airplane or some?+ else & is z obsolete z ! oxc>t ( a c5tury or two ago4 ,!re is no?+ new 9 ! pr9ciple ( ! gas eng9e1 b new appliances & new me?ods are con/antly be+ inv5t$ & discov]$4 ,all t is h]e9 conta9$ is ! result ( ye>s ( exp]i5ce at ! ,automobile ,s*ool ( ! ,we/ ,side ,"y ,m5's ,*ri/ian ,association1 ,new ,york ,city4 ,?is 0 "o ( ! pione] s*ools & = f\rte5 ye>s has turn$ out m ?an #ajjj tra9$ driv]s ea* ye> :o "k _! eng9e & work+ p>ts ?or\ghly4 ,la/ ye> ! numb] 0 ne>ly #bejj4 ,naturally 9 h&l+ ^! ?\s&s ( bright m5 ! in/ructors 7 /imulat$ & !mselves le>n$ z !y taught4 ,! cons5sus ( ?is ripe exp]i5ce is giv5 "h4 ,le/ !re be misund]/&+1 x 7 bett] said at once t if ! read] has come to ?is book to le>n h[ to be a g>age me*anic1 h[ to qualify z an exp]t 9 automotive te*nique1 or h[ to le>n common s5se1 he %\ld at once seek ano!r s\rce ( in=mation4 ,?is book makes no pret5sions ( tea*+ ! la/ ^w 9 automobile repair4 ,b if ! automobile own] desires to h a work+ k ( 8 c>1 to "k h[ to f9d & ov]come ! ord9>y ills & tr\bles to :i* x is subject1 & h[ to diagnose & prescribe = x :5 x beg9s to :eeze or squeak or groan or knock1 let him read on4 ,! book is = him4 ,9 o!r words ?is is n a s9e qua non1 b a fri5d 9 ne$2 x is n a "k-x-all1 b a fir/-aid treatise4 ,x is a leaf--sev]al 9 fact--f ! book ( exp]i5ce1 relat+ n to ! eng9e]+ problems ( ! automobile1 b to ! ?+s :i* ! eng9e] ov]look$ or c\ld n solve1 & :i* ! +5uity ( m5 :o lay no claim to ! title ( eng9e]1 has enabl$ !m to le>n s t !y may take a buck+ auto & make x fe$ out ( _! h&s & /& )\t hit*+4 ,"o ( ! fir/ ess5tials ( an automobile is t x %all g1 & t no am\nt ( p]v]sity %all prev5t ! own] f 8driv+ x back home "u its own p[]40 ,anyone may be t[$ 91 if !re is a horse or ano!r automobile h&y2 ! wise own] w prep>e himself to avoid ?is4 ,except = s]i\s breaks ( p>ts1 or =getfulness :i* p]mits oil or gas supply to run out1 !re is seldom reason :y ! av]age own] %\ld n 8get out & get "u0 to f9d out :at ! tr\ble is &1 hav+ f\nd x1 to remove ! cause & />t ! eng9e4 ,x usually %\ld take only a few m9utes4 ,sy/em 9 locat+ tr\ble & k ( :at to d to remove ! tr\ble are )9 ! compass ( all2 if !re also reside )9 ! individual a few gra9s ( common s5se1 8 problem is simplifi$1 8 tr\bles are light5$4 ,let x be said also t ?is book does n 9 any way pret5d to sup]s$e an automobile s*ool = ! own] :o desires to make all 8 ord9>y repairs1 & d m putt]+ ab\t ! c> ?an ! av]age own] c>es =4 ,all own]s w\ld save ! co/ ( in/ruction _m times ov] & repay ! lo/ "t by tak+ a c\rse ( in/ruction 9 a reputable s*ool4 ,_m ,y4 ,m4 ,c4 ,a4 bran*es all ov] ! l& h well equipp$ s*ools1 & !re are _m o!rs 9 ! cities2 !re are also _m :]e "t sp5t w\ld be wa/$4 ,!re are sev]al 9 "o ( our l>ge cities :]e ! exp5se is v small1 b x is de> at any price4 ,! 8c\rse0 consi/s l>gely 9 putt+ ! /ud5t to "w 9 a g>age z an appr5tice1 :]e 8 in/ruction is conf9$ to v]bal ord]s ( h[ to repair a c> :i* comes 94 ,9 "t1 ( c\rse1 ! /ud5t comes across a l>ge v>iety ( tr\bles1 dep5d+ ^u ! "* ( ! g>age trade4 ,mean:ile ! g>age-auto-s*ool proprietor p]mits ! /ud5t to pay = ! privilege ( do+ ! repair "w at ! in/itution4 ,no wond] ! c\rse is adv]tis$ z unlimit$6 ,x %\ld be und]/ood t ?is book does n pret5d to tell all ! tr\bles atta*+ to automobiles & h[ to end !m2 b x cov]s ! g5]al run ( difficulties exp]i5c$ on ! road & a close /udy ( its pages & an application ( its advice w make an own] :o has ! lea/ me*anical g5ius indep5d5t ( ! g>age man1 ) 8 delay & extravagant *>ges2 at lea/ x w enable him to get to ! home g>age 9 mo/ cases1 :]e repairs may be effect$ ) a m9imum ( exp5se & annoyance4 ,^u ?is basis & ) ?is und]/&+1 ! automobile own] may safely p9 8 fai? to :at foll[s & plunge at once into its dep?s )\t fe>4 ,h4 ,c4 ,b4 ,c4 ,a4 ,s4 ,,cont5ts ,,*apt] ,,page ,i4--,,:at ,,to ,,d ,,on ,,pur*as+ ,a ,,c> #a ,,ii4--,,"s ,,?+s ,,to ,,avoid #g ,,iii4--,,:at ,,an ,,automobile ,,is #ab ,,iv4--,,:at ,,makes ,,! ,,eng9e ,,g #ba ,v4--,,equipm5t ,,& ,,accessories #bf ,,vi4--,,if ,,well 8,,slick$0 ,,! ,,eng9e ,,runs #cc ,,vii4--,,:]e ,,lubrication ,,is ,,neglect$ #ci ,,viii4--,,sometimes ,,! ,,c> ,,smokes #df ,,ix4--,,! ,,c>buretor ,,& ,,its ,,fail+s #ea ,x4--,,gett+ ,,! ,,mo/ ,,out ,,( ,a ,,gallon ,,( ,,gas #eh ,,xi4--,,?+s ,,:i* ,,make ,,gas ,,bills ,,high #fc ,,xii4--,,c>e ,,( ,,! ,,tires #fi ,,xiii4--,,skidd+ ,,may ,,be ,,m9imiz$ #gf ,,xiv4--8,,c',t-,,slip ,,heels0 ,,less5 ,,skidd+ #hd ,,xv4--,,avoid ,,newly ,,oil$ ,,roads #ij ,,xvi4--,,wat* ,,y\r ,,brakes #ic ,,xvii4--,,:y ,,! ,,auto ,,/e]s ,,easily #aja ,,xviii4--,,! ,,elusive 8,,juice0 #ajh ,,xix4--,,putt+ ,,! ,,kick ,,9 ,,! ,,sp>k #aaf ,,xx4--,,:at',s ,,! ,,tr\ble ,,) ,,my ,,batt]y8 #abc ,,xxi4--,,:y ,,ge>s ,,/rip #acj ,,xxii4--,,! ,,ge>-,,%ift+ ,,bugaboo #acg ,,xxiii4--,,! ,,muffl] #adc ,,xxiv4--,,y\r ,,be>+s #adi ,,xxv4--,,driv+ ,,! ,,c> #aef ,,xxvi4--,,:]e ,,extra ,,caution ,,is ,,necess>y #agh ,,xxvii4--,,an ,,auto ,,furnace ,,= ,,w9t] #ahd ,,xxviii4--,,! ,,cool+ ,,sy/em ,,9 ,,w9t] #aia ,,xxix4--,,ov]heat+ ,,! ,,eng9e ,,9 ,,summ] #aig ,,xxx4--,,"s ,,o!r ,,hot-,,wea!r ,,tips #bjc ,,xxxi4--,,hot-,,wea!r ,,tire ,,expansion #bji ,,xxxii4--,,gu>d+ ,,aga9/ ,,fire #bad ,,xxxiii4--,,don',t ,,run ,,away ,,f ,a ,,fire #bbj ,,xxxiv4--,,dea? ,,9 ,,! ,,gasol9e #bbd ,,xxxv4--,,%ift+ ,,ge>s ,,on ,,hills #bbi ,,xxxvi4--,,keep+ ,,! ,,c> ,,sleek #bcf ,,xxxvii4--,,"s ,,?+s ,a ,,t\ri/ ,,%\ld ,,"k #bdd ,,xxxviii4--,,little ,,knocks ,,are ,,h>dly ,,boo/s #bea ,,xxxix4--,,"s ,,o!r ,,causes ,,( ,,knock+ #bee ,,xl4--,,*assis ,,knocks #bfb ,,xli4--,,keep+ ,,d[n ,,! ,,auto ,,upkeep #bfg ,,xlii4--,,hunt+ ,,tr\ble #bgb ,,xliii4--,,m ,,tr\ble #bhj ,,xliv4--,,don',t ,,take ,,?+s ,,= ,,grant$ #bhe ,,xlv4--,,bl[+ ,,y\r ,,own ,,horn #bid ,,xlvi4--,,wom5 ,,z ,,driv]s #cjj ,,xlvii4--,,miscellane\s ,,rules #cjh ,,xlviii4--,,! ,,gold5 ,,rule ,,( ,,motor+ #cag ,,index #cca ,,illu/rations ,,page ,,sectional ,,view ,,( ,a ,,mod]n ,,automobile ,,) ,,f\r-,,cyl9d] ,,eng9e ,frontispiece ,,*assis ,,plan ,,( ,,! ,,same ,,automobile #ad ,,sectional ,,view ,,( ,a ,,f\r-,,cyl9d] ,,eng9e ,,) ,,special ,,ref]5ce ,,to ,,p>ts ,,connect$ ,,) ,,lubrication #cd ,,re> ,,:eel ,,& ,,brake ,,drum ,,remov$1 ,,%[+ ,,ext]nal ,,& ,,int]nal ,,brake ,,b&s ,,& ,,me*anism #ih ,,!n ,,he ,,w5t ,,to ,,s*ool ,,to ,,le>n ,,"s ,,m ,,ab\t ,,8 ,,c> #abe ,,diagram ,,( ,,?ree ,,spe$ ,,& ,,rev]se ,,ge> #acb ,,block ,,( ,,/eel1 ,,& ,,! ,,ge> ,,:eel ,,:i* ,,0 ,,hamm]$ ,,f ,,x #ach ,,brake ,,lev]s ,,& ,,l9kage1 ,,%[+ ,,equaliz+ ,,rod ,,& ,,spr+s #bdf ,,%e ,,is ,,accumulat+ ,,k ,,( ,,an ,,intricate ,,ma*9e--,,& ,,%e ,,is ,,fasc9at$ #cje ,putnam's ,automobile ,h&book ,,*apt] ,i ,,:at ,,to ,,d ,,^u ,,pur*as+ ,a ,,c> ,! man :o buys a c> w receive f ! salesman a c]ta9 am\nt ( in/ruction z to runn+ x4 ,he w be taught h[ to manipulate ! p$als & lev]s1 swit*es & o!r devices ( ! equipm5t &1 if necess>y1 h[ to run ! c>4 ,he w be giv51 also1 c]ta9 books ( in/ructions4 ,x is presumable t almo/ any man w rememb] en\gh ( ! salesman's patt] to enable him to get home ) ! c>1 & t "s bits ( memory z to ! in/ruction books w rema94 ,b w ! own] get out ^? books & g to s*ool a:ile ) !m8 ,n if he is ! av]age own]4 ,probably he looks ^u !m z m]e catalogues = ord]+ repair p>ts--well en\gh :5 ne$$4 ,d n make t mi/ake4 ,!re is no o!r book pr9t$1 no matt] h[ complete1 :i* sup]s$es or :i* c be sub/itut$ = ! manufactur]'s book conc]n+ 8 own c>4 ,x 0 n pr9t$ j to consume pap] & ink2 ! manufactur] _h no idea y w\ld cut out ! pictures & pa/e !m ab\t ! g>age4 ,he & 8 assi/ants sp5t a l>ge am\nt ( "t & a l>g] am\nt ( gray matt] 9 prep>+ ^? books s t y1 ,mr4 ,own]1 w\ld "k h[ y\r c> is built1 :at x ought to d1 & :y x won't unless y d c]ta9 ?+s4 ,! books conta9 9 a small compass practically ev]y?+ ab\t y\r p>ticul> c>4 ,! own] %\ld ma/] ! cont5ts fir/ ( all4 ,no?+ c take its place4 ,if ! own] has n read ! in/ructions1 lay d[n ?is volume "r n[1 g to ! g>age1 & get ! books & read !m ov]4 ,if y hav5't read !m !y are /ill 9 ! c>4 ,! manufactur] made c]ta9 t ! own] c\ld n claim ! books 7 n receiv$1 by tack+ !m fa/ "u ! seat or else:]e s t !y c\ld n get away & s t a =getful salesman w\ld n ov]look ?is important matt]4 ,get !m out & lay ! basis ( :at is to foll[4 ,d\btless ! own] w f9d t ! manufactur] has1 = in/ance1 giv5 c]ta9 in/ructions conc]n+ lubrication1 p]haps has specifi$ c]ta9 k9ds ( lubricants4 ,n[1 no matt] h[ mu* y may "k ab\t ! subject ( lubrication1 re/ assur$ t ! manufactur] has _h an eng9e] /udy out ! lubrication ( 8 c> & :at he writes conc]n+ x is ! la/ ^w & x %\ld be foll[$ implicitly4 ,all t is conta9$ 9 ^! pages ^u ! subject ( lubrication is explanatory & corrective & 9 no way c take ! place ( ! manufactur]'s advice = ! p>ticul> c>4 ,! same ?+ is true z to tires1 or brakes1 or /e]+ ge>1 or any o!r "p ( ! me*anism4 ,read 8 book fir/ & !n turn to ! appropriate *apt] "h & y w f9d no div]g5ce1 only int]pretation1 cl>ification1 supplem5t>y advice4 ,probably x w\ld be well to rem9d ! own] t n9e-t5?s ( ! compla9ts :i* rea* ! manufactur] or 8 s]vice /ations1 %[ t ! own]s mak+ ! 8holl]0 confess t !y _h n read ! books giv5 !m ) ! c>4 ,x has become su* a s]i\s ?+ t at lea/ "o manufactur] has />t$ s*ools = pur*as]s ( ! make1 :]e1 at a nom9al comp5sation1 !y may be made to read ! in/ructions & be giv5 a visualization ( :at !y mean4 ,all own]s _c visit ! c5t]s :]e su* s*ools are ma9ta9$1 & all manufactur]s d n ma9ta9 !m n[1 ?\gh x may be necess>y 9 ! ne> future4 ,! fact t x is necess>y1 h[ev]1 %\ld leave ! impress ^u ! read]'s m9d ( ! importance ( ! subject4 ,! own]1 :e!r he possess a 8flivv]10 or an edition de luxe1 has ab\t z mu* money ti$ up 9 8 c> z he feels he c devote to t =m ( pleasure or to bus9ess4 ,x is an inve/m5t :i* w1 or w n1 br+ comm5surate returns 9 money1 or mom5ts1 well sp5t2 x c be made an indisp5sable aid to bo? bus9ess & pleasure1 or x may become an unsuff]able nuisance 9 ei!r4 ,! value ( a c> dep5ds n ^u ! am\nt ( ! pur*ase price1 b ^u :at c be gott5 out ( x3 its s]vice1 its dep5dability & g5]al reliability2 t & ! l[ co/ ( upkeep & op]ation4 ,w\ld x n seem reasonable1 !re=e1 = ! own] to give z mu* ?\ght & /udy to ! ma*9e :i* propels him & 8 m]*&ise z to ! ma*9e 9 ! factory :i* produces ! m]*&ise2 ought he n to und]/& h[ & :y & :]e=e x propels him--or :y n8 ,few m5 !re be :o w\ld consign _! bodies to ! m]cy ( w9d & waves if !y did n believe t a compet5t capta9 & eng9e] 7 abo>d ! craft1 or to a railway tra9 7 !re n an eng9e] & conductor at h& to look to 8 safety4 ,:y %\ld he place himself & lov$ ones 9 a motor c> & />t (f on a trip ) an unc]ta9 h& at ! /e]+ :eel1 ) no "o abo>d compet5t to rule ! eng9e1 or to "k if all o!r p>ts ( ! me*anism are prop]ly adju/$1 :5 a maladju/m5t may mean dang] & ev5 dea?8 ,"o w\ld n wa/e sympa?y ^u ! own] himself 9 case ( an accid5t ?r\gh ignorance1 b ! fate ( o!rs 9 8 keep+ prompts ! s\nd+ ( a w>n+4 ,ye>s ago travel+ sign pa9t]s decorat$ trees & rail f5ces & b>ns along ! railways ) injunctions ( a religi\s nature1 su* z 8,prep>e to ,meet ,?y ,god40 ,! la/ "t ! writ] 0 back 8at ! f>m0 ?is id5tical message confront$ him f a big rock alongside ! railway cross+1 z x did ?irty or m ye>s ago4 ,only ?is "t x seem$ appropriate1 = !re 0 m recklessness %[n ?an "o c>es to witness regul>ly--x is too n]ve-rack+4 ,:5 "o consid]s t a defective brake1 a worn-?r\gh /e]+ knuckle1 or any "o ( a numb] ( brok5 p>ts--brok5 because neglect$--may be ! p>ticul> weapon select$ by ! fool-kill]1 ! own] :o c>es = 8 bones1 or = ! lives ( 8 pass5g]s1 w\ld bett] sp5d a few h\rs occasionally 9 look+ aft] 8 c> & 9 f9d+ out all t is possible ab\t x4 ,ev5 ?\gh ! own] c af=d a *auffeur :o 8kn[s all ab\t an auto10 x is noticeable t *auffeurs h a way ( =gett+1 t !y loaf on ! job %amefully1 t !y conspire ) ! supply deal] to run ! co/ ( upkeep to skyl9e altitudes1 & are little m immune f road tr\bles ?an ! common or g>d5 v>iety ( own]4 ,! own] :o kn[s c detect all ^! lapses f /rict rectitude1 to ! com=t ( 8 p]son & ! safety ( 8 bank balance4 ,s1 n[1 hav+ turn$ to ! manufactur]'s books ( in/ructions & pond]$ ov] ! w>n+s "h giv51 ! read] may safely pass on to ! *apt]s deal+ ) ! bea/ he is call$ ^u to tame4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,"s ,,?+s ,,to ,,avoid ,:5 a c]ta9 "* ( hi/ory1 long t\t$ z 8! wise/ guy ev]10 utt]$ 8 fam\s 8,wisdom crie? al\d 9 ! /reet10 & along ) x1 8,fools hate k10 he mu/ h _h a vision ( ! pres5t day1 :5 !re is s mu* & s little kn[n ab\t ! *ief mode ( transportation1 ! automobile2 s mu* by ^? :o really h /udi$ its me*anical pr9ciples1 & s little by ^? :o are runn+ !m ab\t ! highways4 ,yet 9 ?is day ( automobile s*ools & s]vice /ations !re is no ne$ ( a s+le individual be+ ignorant1 nor ( 8 com+ "u ! condemnation ( ! same wise "o3 8,! c>eless ease ( fools %all de/roy !m40 ,give me an individual ( av]age intellig5ce 9 ov]alls & jump] & a m9d devoid ( ! 8,i "k x0 error & #ii4ii p] c5t4 ( su* c be taught to 8make ! auto auto z x really ought to auto40 ,! *ief ob/acle is ! half k--half error--:i* "s possess4 ,jo% ,bill+s once said3 8,i'd r n "k s mu* ?an "k a lot t is n s40 ,! read] w get ! idea4 ,"o ( ! h>de/ ?+s = ! av]age man to le>n is n to d useless ?+s4 ,ov] & ov] folks w d ?+s contr>y to all rules & in/ructions & make extra "w = !mselves4 ,9 a s*ool x is a good ?+1 p]haps1 = x enables ! in/ructor to po9t out ! futility ( go+ at ! ?+ wrong end fir/4 ,!re 0 "o class at ! ,we/ ,side ,y4 ,m4 ,c4 ,a4 s*ool p>ticul>ly /upid 9 ?is respect4 ,!y 7 set to locat+ eng9e tr\bles1 =got all ab\t ! rules & took turns crank+ ! eng9e1 expect+ 9 t way to f9d out :y ! eng9e w\ld n run4 ,! in/ructor1 look+ into ! classroom1 f\nd h[ ?+s 7 go+4 ,all b "o /ud5t 7 int5t ^u turn+ ov] ! eng9e2 t "o man /ood 9 "o corn] gr9n+1 app>5tly hav+ a good "t ) himself4 ,! in/ructor 9 feign$ amazem5t call$ out to him3 8,"h1 :y are y n crank+ ! eng9e1 too80 ,) a gr9 p]fectly idiotic ! fell[ drawl$ out3 8,:at's ! use ( crank+ if %e a9't go9' to run80 ,! read] c figure out = himself ! relative degrees ( idiocy or /upidity 9 t class4 ,! in/ructor quickly set !m to "w by rule & !y all knew 9 a few m9utes t tr\bles are n locat$ by crank+ alone4 ,! read] :o w give c>eful att5tion to ! in/ructions h]e9 conta9$1 & :o w foll[ closely ! rules1 w n be crank+ ! eng9e :5 he %\ld be clean+ a sp>k plug1 or adju/+ ! c>buretor1 or m5d+ a brok5 wire4 ,he w le>n t !re is a sequ5ce 9 e little job ab\t ! auto :i* t5ds to less5 ! labor & to produce ! be/ result1 j z !re is 9 keep+ a set ( books1 or 9 runn+ a f>m4 ,! c>p5t] :o does 8 "w )\t plans usually is dubb$ a 8wood but*]40 ,! inf]5ce is t ! man :o w\ld c>e = 8 automobile %\ld le>n to d x 9 a sy/ematic way1 accord+ to rule1 do+ ev]y?+ always ! same way & 9 ! same ord]4 ,?us ! labor becomes a habit & is p]=m$ quickly & easily4 ,at ! same "t habit mu/ n be all[$ to become a rut2 ! own] mu/ pres]ve orig9ality & initiative1 & native +5uity is invaluable4 ,p>ticul>ly x is wise to avoid ! idea t at ! fir/ sign ( some?+ wrong "o kn[s j :at ! tr\ble is4 ,probably no "o ?+ has caus$ m unnecess>y "w & unnecess>y expletive ?an jump+ at a conclusion4 ,h a rule & g by x4 ,"u ! *apt] relat+ to tr\bles !re w be f\nd a rule = locat+ !m4 ,x does n matt] s mu* :]e "o />ts if x is foll[$ ?r\gh :5 />t$4 ,exp]i5ce w lead "o 9 "t to select ! />t+ po9t1 ei!r "u ! head+ ignition1 or gasol9e1 or o!r head+1 ! symptoms indicat+ g5]ally to ! exp]i5c$ e> :at is ! matt]2 b !re is s mu* *ance ( error 9 ?is guess t ! rule mu/ be rememb]$ & closely foll[$4 ,x takes ?ree ?+s to />t a gas eng9e runn+3 gasol9e 9 ! prop] mixture1 compression1 & ignition4 ,to keep x runn+ we mu/ add a lubricat+ & a cool+ sy/em4 ,!re mu/ also be free exhau/ = burn$ gases4 ,:ile !re are _m phases ( ea*1 x is necess>y = ! own] to get ^! ?+s fix$ 9 81 m9d fir/4 ,ev]y?+ else is extrane\s4 ,!re is some?+ else to avoid4 ,avoid giv+ (f5se to ! policeman on ! /reet1 & avoid runn+ away if y h _h an accid5t or are hail$ by ! traffic man4 ,x does n pay1 & w make add$ tr\ble1 unless y are z =tunate 9 explanations z 0 a fell[ :o 0 caught by ! (fic] 9 front ( ! ,automobile ,s*ool4 ,he _h hit someone & in/ead ( /opp+ z ! law provid$1 he gave a ha/y look1 saw no policeman1 & %ot ahead1 turn+ ! next corn]4 ,he dodg$ 9 & out ( sev]al /reets1 n see+ ! motorcycle policeman *as+ him4 ,:5 caught & /opp$ he 0 ask$ :y he 0 runn+ away4 8,me runn+ away80 he ask$4 8,i 0 n runn+ away1 ,i 0 j try+ to f9d a cop to report ! accid5t40 ,x work$ t "t1 b x is n safe to tru/ ! exp$i5t "u o!r circum/ances4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,:at ,,an ,,automobile ,,is ,x matt]s n :e!r "o call x an automobile1 a t9 lizzie1 a gas wagon1 or :at n1 x consi/s ( a /eel frame ^u :i* are m\nt$ :eels1 an eng9e1 appliances = connect+ ! eng9e to ! driv+ :eels1 a fuel supply tank1 a sy/em = produc+ ignition at ! "r mom5t1 & appliances = regulat+ ! spe$ ( ! eng9e & ! direction ( ! c>4 ,a seat = ! driv] & sundry p$als & lev]s are ne$$ to accompli% spe$ & /e]+ control1 & sundry o!r p>ts h _! place1 b ! above cov]s 9 a g5]al way ! necessities ( an automobile4 ,an automobile1 z ! "n sugge/s1 is a c> :i* conta9s its own propell+ =ce & to :i* x is n necess>y to hit* a horse1 or /eam eng9e1 or some?+ else to make x g4 ,?is 9 spite ( ! fact t occasionally x is necess>y to hit* some?+ else to an auto to make x g4 ,! assembly1 g5]ally speak+1 consi/s ( ! *assis1 correspond+ to ! runn+ ge> ( a wagon2 ! eng9e1 m\nt$ on ! *assis2 & ! body4 ,! *assis usually is made ( angle iron rivet$ toge!r 9 =m conv5i5t = support+ ! o!r p>ts4 ,?is re/s ^u ! spr+s :i* take up ! road %ocks 9 "p1 & ! spr+s re/ ^u ! axles4 ,! re> axles--!re is a sep>ate axle = ea* re> :eel--are fix$1 t is1 !y keep ! :eels f oscillat+1 & !y are jo9$ 9 ! c5t] by ! diff]5tial1 a device driv+ ! axle %afts by :i* "o :eel is p]mitt$ to revolve at a diff]+ spe$ z comp>$ ) ! o!r1 9 turn+ a corn]4 ,s9ce1 9 turn+1 ! out] :eel mu/ travel a mu* long] di/ance ?an ! inside :eel1 if no device 7 in/all$ to take up ?is diff]5ce1 ! out] :eel w\ld scrape ov] ! gr\nd on e curve1 or ! inn] :eel w\ld sp9 )\t =w>d motion4 ,9 ei!r ev5t x w\ld be disa/r\s to tires4 ,to keep ! diff]5tial h\s+ f twi/+1 a torque rod or tube connects x to ! frame2 to keep ! re> axles at "r angles to ! frame & to transmit ! driv+ ?ru/ to ! load1 radius rods connect ! axles to ! frame =w>d4 ,! =w>d axle1 unlike 9 an ord9>y wagon1 is fa/5$ to ! *assis frame1 ?r\gh spr+s1 & does n turn4 ,on ei!r end is a yoke f :i* is susp5d$ a /e]+ knuckle1 ! :eel turn+ on a tap]$ sp9dle =g$ ) ! knuckle4 ,! two knuckles are fa/5$ toge!r by a tie rod1 :i* has "s =m ( a turn buckle by :i* ! :eels may be made to run p>allel1 or practically s4 ,z a matt] ( fact ! :eels are n p>allel4 ,!y =ega!r slightly1 s t ! l9es1 project$ =w>d f> en\gh1 w\ld meet & make a po9t$ effect1 l ! b[ ( a boat4 ,its effect is to br+ a slight b con/ant pressure ^u bo? :eels & makes !m less likely to sw]ve ?r\gh contact ) road unev5ness4 ,also ! :eels und]ga!r1 s t ! load is br\ght ov] ! c5t] ( knuckle support1 m9imiz+ ! /ra94 ,?is deviation ( ! :eels f true produces a v slight we> on ! tires1 b x is m ?an comp5sat$ = by ! o!r advantages not$4 ,! deviation is work$ out sci5tifically & ! own] ne$ n tr\ble himself ab\t x4 ,8 only conc]n is t ! tie rod be n b5t s t ! =ega!r is increas$1 :5 !re w\ld be excess we> ( tires4 ,illu/ration3 ,c\rtesy ( ,all5 ,motor ,co4 ,,*assis ,,( ,a ,,mod]n ,,automobile ,,) ,,f\r-,,cyl9d] ,,eng9e ,! brake drums are atta*$ to ! re> :eels & h inside & outside b&s ) me*anism to tight5 !m aga9/ ! drum provid+ ! necess>y friction4 ,! lev]s :i* connect ! b&s to ! brake p$al or em]g5cy lev] are t]m$ ! brake l9kage4 ,! motor1 or eng9e1 re/s ^u ! *assis frame =w>d1 be+ fa/5$ !reto by bolts4 ,=w>d ( x is a radiator1 if x is a wat]-cool$ motor1 to :i* x is connect$ by pipes2 ! cool+ sy/em may be ei!r pump or !rmo-syphon type4 ,"s few motors are air-cool$4 ,! pr9ciple ( cool+ is t ! motor %\ld be kept j cool en\gh to prev5t ! lubricat+ oil f burn+ (f ! cyl9d] walls4 ,atta*$ to ! motor are ! c>buretor1 9 :i* air & gasol9e are mix$ prop]ly = rapid combu/ion1 wires to supply ignition to ! mixture at ! prop] "t1 a device = giv+ lubrication1 & exhau/ pipes lead+ to ! muffl]1 ! latt] design$ to /ifle ! noise ( rapid explosions1 :i* o!rwise w\ld be deaf5+4 ,! ignition sy/em may be ei!r batt]y & coil1 or high-t5sion magneto :i* has its own coil & di/ributor1 or a comb9ation ( bo? ^! sy/ems4 ,:]e !re is a self-/>t] !re is a /orage batt]y1 :i* supplies curr5t to ! />t+ motor1 & f :i* ! ignition curr5t is drawn1 & a g5]ator to keep ! batt]y *>g$1 & ! g5]ator may be provid$ ) a circuit break] & di/ributor1 or a sep>ate magneto or coil may be us$4 ,! lubricat+ device may ei!r be a gravity or =ce-fe$ oil] sy/em ) pipes lead+ to ! v>i\s be>+s1 or ! *ief lubrication may be by ! spla% sy/em1 :]e a res]voir ( oil is kept "u ! crank case f :i* x is pump$ to oil pans "u ! cranks1 be+ spla%$ by projections :i* dip into ! oil & ?r[ x all ov] ! inside me*anism4 ,also atta*$ to ! c>buretor is ! pipe f ! fuel supply tank4 ,?is supply may come by gravity or "u pressure1 & a late device :i* is furni%$ ) _m c>s is a vacuum gravity sy/em1 ! gasol9e be+ drawn f ! ma9 tank1 by a vacuum creat$ 9 ! intake manifold1 into a small conta9] atta*$ "u ! hood1 :5ce x fl[s by gravity to ! c>buretor1 ma9ta9+ a uni=m supply4 ,! motor consi/s ( "o or m cyl9d]s1 inside ( ea* be+ a pi/on :i* fits tight1 ! escape ( gas be+ fur!r prev5t$ by pi/on r+s :i* seal ! cyl9d] ) ! aid ( ! lubricat+ oil4 ,! pi/ons are atta*$ to a connect+ rod by a wri/ p91 ! connect+ rod be+ atta*$ at ! o!r end to ! crank :i* re/s 9 be>+s4 ,! action ( ! eng9e is t by draw+ d[n ! pi/on a vacuum is creat$ 9 ! upp] "p ( ! cyl9d] call$ ! combu/ion *amb]4 ,at ! "r mom5t an inlet valve is op5$ & a *>ge ( gas & air1 call$ mixture1 is suck$ 94 ,! valve closes & ! pi/on ris+ compresses ! *>ge4 ,:5 ! pi/on rea*es its highe/ po9t a sp>k is introduc$ ?r\gh sp>k plug or ignit]4 ,?is fires ! mixture1 br++ a rapid expansion1 & ?is drives ! pi/on d[nw>d1 produc+ =ce4 ,?is revolves ! crank %aft1 :i* turns ! =ce into rot>y motion4 ,?is op]ation repeat$ rapidly furni%es ! motion :i* drives ! c>4 ,! fly :eel c>ries ! crank ov] ! /rokes :i* d n produce p[]4 ,!re are f\r /rokes to ea* motor cycle4 ,! fir/1 :i* takes 9 ! mixture1 is call$ ! suction /roke2 ! next is ! compression /roke1 ! ?ird is ! p[] /roke1 & ! la/ is ! exhau/ /roke :5 ! burn$ gases are expell$ f ! combu/ion *amb]4 ,^! f\r /rokes take two complete revolutions ( ! crank %aft1 s t ! f\r cycle is really two circles4 ,p[] hav+ be5 creat$ & turn$ into motion1 ! next /ep is to connect x to ! propell+ or drive :eels4 ,! fir/ device = controll+ ! p[] is ! clut*1 :i* provides means ( apply+ or cutt+ (f ! p[] or motion quickly )\t /opp+ ! eng9e4 ,?is is done by friction 9 "s =m4 ,! mo/ common are ! cone clut*1 :]e male & female cones are engag$ by pressure1 ! friction transmitt+ ! p[] to ! driv+ %aft2 & ! multiple disc clut*1 :]e num]\s ?9 discs ( metal or metal & textile mat]ial are compress$ toge!r by a lev] & transmit ! p[]4 ,to provide = v>y+ spe$s & = rev]s+1 also extra p[] to ! re> :eels = hill climb+1 s&y roads1 etc41 ge>s are necess>y4 ,9 a g5]al way ?is is a set ( cog :eels ( v>y+ sizes1 s arrang$ on p>allel %afts t by engag+ diff]5t size ge>s on ! %afts a c]ta9 spe$ w be transmitt$1 o!r ge> sets produc+ ano!r spe$ or a rev]se motion4 ,! diagram 9 ,*apt] ,,xxi4 %[s ! usual =m ( con/ruction4 ,?ree spe$s & rev]se usually are provid$1 ?\gh "s c>s h f\r spe$s4 ,^! ge> sets are engag$ successively until ! desir$ spe$ is rea*$4 ,f ! ge> case ! p[] is transmitt$ by ! drive %aft1 :i* has "o or two univ]sal jo9ts to take up any misalignm5t & to enable in/all+ ! eng9e level & yet transmit ! p[] to ! driv+ axles1 ?r\gh ! diff]5tial1 at ano!r level or angle1 or at v>y+ angles due to spr+ action4 ,^u ea* ( ! :eels is a tire consi/+ ( a rubb] & fabric cas+1 enclos+ a s(t rubb] tube ) a valve by :i* x may be inflat$4 ,! purpose ( ! tires is to absorb road %ocks & make rid+ easy1 z well z to keep ! c> f jolt+ to pieces4 ,! tires are ( v>y+ composition & =m & are atta*$ to ! rims 9 diff]+ ways4 ,_m auto trucks use solid rubb] tires4 ,)\t go+ into detail1 ! =ego+ gives ! makeup ( ! c> & ! simple pr9ciples ( its op]ation4 ,to control ! c> requires v>i\s o!r p>ts4 ,! fir/ is ! /e]+ :eel & its me*anism4 ,! :eel is m\nt$ on a %aft runn+ )9 a tube1 & to ! l[] end ( ?is %aft is a worm controll+ a ge>1 & by lev]s & ball jo9ts op]at+ ! /e]+ knuckle on "o ( ! front :eels1 ! o!r be+ op]at$ simultane\sly by ! tie rod connection4 ,on ! /e]+ :eel or /e]+ column are m\nt$ ! sp>k-tim+ lev] & ! ?rottle lev]4 ,! sp>k lev] regulates ! "t ( ! sp>k )9 ! combu/ion *amb] & ! ?rottle ! am\nt ( mixture admitt$ to ! combu/ion *amb]4 ,at ! feet ( ! driv] are ! p$al = engag+ ! clut*1 t = apply+ ! brake1 & ! accel]ator p$al1 :i* op]ates ! ?rottle z well z ! lev] be=e m5tion$4 ,! ?rottle lev] on ! /e]+ column is = ! regul> runn+ adju/m5t1 :ile ! accel]ator p$al is = tempor>y increase ( ! mixture 9 />t+ or 9 spe$+ up4 ,!re may also be a p$al = ! self-/>t]1 ?\gh ! swit* (t5 is ^u ! da%4 ,on ! ,=d & "s o!r c>s ! ge> %ift is controll$ by p$als1 b usually ! %ift is made by a lev] plac$ conv5i5t to ! "r h& ( ! driv]4 ,) x is in/all$ also ! em]g5cy brake lev]1 :i* is us$ = lock+ ! c> :5 /&+ & = alt]nat+ ) ! foot brake on long hills4 ,on ! da%bo>d may be m\nt$ ! ignition & light+ swit*1 ! spe$omet]1 sight oil fe$1 & sundry o!r dials & swit*es1 dep5d+ ^u ! fa/idi\sness ( ! own]4 ,:]e !re is a self-/>t] !re is a *>ge & dis*>ge dial1 ! ammet]1 :i* tells :e!r ! g5]ator is work+1 & h[4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,:at ,,makes ,,! ,,eng9e ,,g ,z has be5 /at$ on a previ\s page1 x takes ?ree ?+s to />t an eng9e & ?ree m to keep x go+4 ,! fir/ ?ree ess5tials are a prop] mixture ( gasol9e & air1 ignition at ! "r mom5t1 & compression4 ,gasol9e w cont9ue to burn aft] ignition1 b1 contr>y to ! common idea1 x w n explode unless conf9$1 & n ev5 !n unless x has vaporiz$ & ! vapor is mix$ ) air4 ,x takes ab\t two hundr$ cubic feet ( air to a p9t ( gasol9e vaporiz$ to produce good combu/ion1 ?\gh ! air supply is usually mu* m ?an ?is to insure c>ry+ (f ! unburn$ nitrog5 f ! air4 ,= />t+ & spe$+ up1 m gasol9e is admitt$ to ! vaporiz+ *amb] z ! ri* mixture ignites m quickly1 b = runn+1 a lean] mixture produces bett] results4 ,b :atev] ! mixture :i* is burn$1 !re w\ld be little or no p[] produc$ if ! mixture 7 n conf9$ "u pressure4 ,x is1 ( c\rse1 a fact t a tank fill$ ) gasol9e vapor & air w explode ) great =ce if ignit$1 ?\gh !re be only ! ord9>y atmosph]ic pressure ^u ! tank4 ,b x mu/ be rememb]$ t if ! pressure 7 sixty or sev5ty p\nds to ! squ>e in* ! explosion w\ld de/roy ev]y?+ 9 ! vic9ity4 ,tak+ advantage ( ?is fact ! design]s ( ! gasol9e eng9e provid$ = compress+ ! gas be=e ignition1 to produce ! greate/ am\nt ( p[] = driv+ ! c>4 ,valves are provid$ :i* admit ! *>ge ( mixture to ! combu/ion *amb]1 clos+ tight aft] ! *>ge is receiv$4 ,!n ! pi/on rises1 compress+ ! cont5ts ( ! combu/ion *amb] until a pressure ( betwe5 =ty & sev5ty-five p\nds p] squ>e in* is rea*$4 ,x is ^u ! pr9ciple ( ! muzzle-load+ rifle or %otgun1 or 9 bla/+1 :]e ! *>ge is tamp$ d[n1 or conf9$ by wads1 & ! explod+ p[d] is held until ! pressure s5ds ! bullet on its err&1 or r5ds ! rock4 ,j z ! pi/on rea*es ! highe/ po9t1 & ! compression is at ! maximum1 a sp>k is introduc$ into ! combu/ion *amb]4 ,"u ! pressure ! gases burn mu* m rapidly & ! explosive =ce is great]4 ,! gas does n burn in/antane\sly1 h[ev]4 ,x takes a di/9ct int]val ( "t = all ! gas mixture to ignite2 = ?is reason1 :5 ! eng9e is runn+ "u its own p[]1 ! sp>k comes j be=e ! "t ( greate/ pressure1 & be=e ! pi/on rea*es top c5t]1 s t by ! "t ! pi/on />ts ! d[nw>d /roke ! highe/ effici5cy ( p[] w h be5 rea*$4 ,= ?is reason ! sp>k-tim+ control lev] is advanc$ aft] ! eng9e is />t$ to give ! be/ results4 ,b ! eng9e is always crank$ ) ! sp>k fully ret>d$4 ,! c>buretor1 mean:ile1 has be5 call$ ^u to s5d into ! combu/ion *amb] ?r\gh ! intake manifold & intake valves a *>ge ( gas mixture2 ! quantity is regulat$ by ! ?rottle4 ,= />t+1 a lev] is manipulat$ :i* depresses ! float 9 ! fuel *amb] ( ! c>buretor1 p]mitt+ an extra supply to be drawn into ! mix+ *amb]1 ?us mak+ ! mixture ri*] & m readily fir$4 ,:5 ! eng9e has />t$ runn+1 ! ?rottle is clos$ to a po9t :]e ! motor does n race4 ,! correct runn+ position is giv5 by ! manufactur] & exp]i5ce w soon det]m9e :]e ! be/ results are obta9$4 ,! ignition sy/em mu/ deliv] to ! combu/ion *amb] at ! "r in/ant a sp>k ( suffici5t int5sity to fire ! *>ge4 ,:e!r ! electric curr5t is obta9$ f batt]y or magneto1 x mu/ be hot en\gh to d its "w & !re mu/ be a tim+ device :i* w s5d ! sp>k into ea* cyl9d] :5 x is ne$$4 ,^! come 9 sev]al =ms & are describ$ 9 detail 9 ! manufactur]'s in/ruction books1 9 connection ) ! ignition & wir+ diagrams4 ,! compression is ma9ta9$ :5 ! pi/on r+s & grooves are free f gumm$ oil or c>bon & move freely2 :5 ! cyl9d] walls are n worn oval by a slapp+ pi/on1 or creas$ by c>bon1 & :5 a film ( lubricat+ oil is con/ant on ! side walls & :5 valves are prop]ly seat$4 ,loss ( compression means loss ( p[] & ! cyl9d]s %\ld be te/$ e little :ile to make sure t no cyl9d] is fail+ to d its duty4 ,m w be said conc]n+ ?is lat]1 z well z ( m9or ?+s :i* may affect ! compression4 ,z has be5 m5tion$1 to keep ! eng9e runn+ = any l5g? ( "t !re mu/ be a cool+ sy/em1 a sy/em ( lubrication1 & a free exhau/4 ,once ! own] compreh5ds ! simplicity ( gas-eng9e op]ation1 he c beg9 to trace ea* "p ( ! op]ation1 le>n+ all !re is to "k conc]n+ ! sev]al /eps 9 8 own motor1 & absorb+ ! specific k :i* w enable him to c>e = 8 c> effici5tly & economically4 ,,*apt] ,v ,,equipm5t ,,& ,,accessories ,) e c> are furni%$ all ! ?+s requir$ = op]ation1 includ+ lamps1 tire pump1 jack1 tire-repair kit1 a v>iety ( wr5*es to fit all nuts & bolts1 oil c1 set ( sp>k plugs & g5]ally an extra "o2 hamm]1 screw driv]1 cold *isel1 magneto-adju/+ wr5*1 & "s o!r ?+s1 v>y+ ) ! c>4 ,!re are any numb] ( additions :i* may be made 9 ! way ( tools1 or ( devices :i* "s motori/s deem desirable4 ,"s ( ^! ?+s are a spe$omet]1 a clock1 tr\ble lamp atta*able to a socket on ! da%1 a mirror to enable ! driv] to see :at is go+ on back ( him 7compulsory 9 ,new ,j]sey & "s o!r ,/ates71 cig> light]s1 foot w>m]s1 & elaborate lights = ! lim\s9e4 ,! own] is caution$1 h[ev]1 aga9/ load+ up 8 batt]y ) a lot ( electrical devices :i* use up curr5t v fa/4 ,n s z to tools2 "o may err 9 hav+ too few r ?an too _m4 ,:ile x is true t a woman ) a hairp9 & a piece ( /r+ c fix almo/ any?+ "u ! sun1 ! autoi/ w\ld bett] n tru/ to 8 wife's +5uity1 b be a little bett] prep>$ = ! em]g5cies ( ! road4 ,x does n d any good to "k :at ! matt] is :5 ! c> balks unless "o has ! tools & mat]ial to d ! necess>y repair "w or adju/m5t4 ,e new c> is equipp$ ) c]ta9 tools1 b "s own]s h no int]e/ 9 ^! tools & lose mo/ ( !m 9 a %ort "t1 s t :5 ne$$ !y are miss+1 :ile o!r own]s add suffici5t tools to equip a good-siz$ ma*9e %op4 ,a wise selection ( tools = ! c> w provide ev]y?+ at all likely to be ne$$ on t\r1 & yet capable ( be+ pack$ 9 su* a compact space t x does n become an annoyance ?r\gh ! room occupi$1 nor weigh d[n ! c>4 ,! special tools furni%$ %\ld be pres]v$ ) great c>e1 because no?+ else fills ! bill q s well4 ,to ^! might be add$ "s few tools & p>ts n ne$$ (t51 b :5 !y are1 _! abs5ce is a s\rce ( delay & is temp]-provok+4 ,rec5tly ! au?or 0 ask$ to g ab\t fifty miles into ! c\ntry to br+ 9 a ma*9e :i* _h refus$ to run & _h be5 /or$ 9 a b>n ov] night4 ,he f\nd t ! int]rupt] po9ts _h become glaz$ s t no sp>k 0 be+ procur$4 ,a special file is manufactur$ = ! p>ticul> purpose ( clean+ (f ^! po9ts4 ,z "o ( ^! 0 n 9 ! c>1 x 0 necess>y to disassemble ! sp>k tim] completely1 take out ! po9ts1 & !n f9d a piece ( flat h>d /one ^u :i* ! po9ts c\ld be clean$4 ,?is did ! "w all "r1 b mu* "t c\ld h be5 sav$ if ! int]rupt] po9t file _h be5 c>ri$ 9 ! c>4 ,likewise no wr5* 0 available = adju/+ ! po9ts & x 0 necess>y to g to a ne>by blacksmi? %op & saw out a tempor>y wr5* = ! purpose4 ,^w has come f ,france to ! ,national ,w> ,"w ,c\ncil ( ! ,y4 ,m4 ,c4 ,a4 t "o ( _! supply c>s s]v+ ! huts 9 ! tr5*es 0 laid up n9e days = ! lack ( a small magneto wr5*4 ,_m an own] has _h ! exp]i5ce ( be+ caught out on ! road by a /orm & hav+ to put on non-skid *a9s4 ,h[ (t5 h !y f\nd t1 ?\gh ^! *a9s 7 9 good condition :5 leav+ ! g>age & :5 !y 7 put on1 aft] runn+ a:ile ov] r\gh roads at a fair spe$1 "s ( ! l9ks wore ?r\gh & began to ?ra% aga9/ ! mud gu>ds4 ,?is is n only annoy+1 b (t5 does real damage to ! gu>ds4 ,mo/ own]s h /opp$ m ?an once to wire ! loose ends to ! side *a9s to /op ! bang+1 & x c]ta9ly w\ld be m satisfactory to c>ry a supply ( l9ks & a *a9 tool s t ! brok5 ends c\ld be remov$ & new l9ks ins]t$4 ,( c\rse1 ! loose ends c be pri$ (f ) a screw driv] & new l9ks p\nd$ fa/ ) a hamm]1 b y w h to remove ! *a9 to d x & x takes "t1 & mu* exasp]ation c be sav$ by us+ ! prop] tool4 ,a fold+ pail is v useful1 especially :5 "o has to g up v long hills & f9ds t ! wat] 9 ! radiator has boil$ away4 ,! cool+ sy/ems = automobile eng9es to-day are v effici5t & x is only 9 exceptional cases t ! wat] w boil out ( ! radiator1 & t is j ! reason :y an occurr5ce ( t sort is disa/r\s1 because "o is n expect+ x & is n prep>$ = x4 ,9 s&y c\ntry & on dirt roads "o (t5 w h occasion to jack up a :eel to *ange a tire1 & w f9d t ! jack s9ks into ! loose s& or du/ in/ead ( lift+ ! c>4 ,a block ( wood an in* ?ick & ab\t six in*es wide & a foot long w be f\nd a big help "u su* circum/ances4 ,_m driv]s also h _h to use a f5ce rail to jack up a c> because "s "o borr[$ ! jack f ! c> & neglect$ to return x4 ,ev5 ?\gh tire tr\ble is n expect$1 x is well to make sure !re is a jack 9 ! c> & also a h&le = ! jack4 ,! jack is m (t5 f\nd ?an ! h&le4 ,work+ ab\t an automobile means a lot ( grease & grime on ! h&s1 & possibly oil or grease ^u p>ts ( ! c>1 s t x is well to c>ry a small bag ( wa/e or rags4 ,if ! grease or dirt prove ob/9ate1 a little gasol9e1 drawn f ! dra9 cock at ! bottom ( ! c>buretor1 w cut x & enable y to clean ! h&s fairly well4 ,x is a good idea to h a ?ree-9-"o or simil> tire-valve tool ) :i* x is possible to remove ! valve plung]1 cut ?reads 9 ! valve /em s t ! plung] may be prop]ly seat$1 & cut ?reads on ! outside ( ! /em s t ! cap w screw d[n tight4 ,9 "s cases :]e ! valve /em is batt]$ 9 *ang+ a tire1 air _c be gott5 into ! tire if ^! ?reads are damag$4 ,_m p]sons object to c>ry+ a t[ rope = fe> x w be und]/ood t !y h d\bts ( _! ability to get home "u _! own p[]2 b 9 addition to af=d+ a connection to "s o!r s\rce ( p[]1 a t[ rope may be us$ to help a bro!r 9 di/ress & is sup]ior to *a9s 9 v s&y or muddy places1 :5 wrapp$ ab\t ! tire4 ,an extra set ( electric-light bulbs may save consid]able tr\ble & annoyance1 because ! traffic policem5 to-day w accept no excuse :5 at lea/ "o light is n burn+4 ,if y d n take y\r wife's fir/-aid kit--! %oe/r+ & hairp9--y _h bett] be provid$ ) a spool ( s(t iron wire1 ! ord9>y /ovepipe wire4 ,x is wond]ful h[ _m little tempor>y repair jobs may be done ) its aid4 ,"s driv]s l to h a small hank ( /rong tw9e also4 ,!re are _m o!r ?+s :i* might be add$ to ! li/ ( useful ?+s to h along = em]g5cy1 all ( :i* may be /[$ 9 ! tool box or "u a seat4 ,!y may n be ne$$ once a ye>--p]haps nev]--b l ! insurance policy1 :5 y d ne$ a tool y ne$ x pretty badly4 ,,automobile ,,fir/-,,aid ,,kit4 #a4 ,wr5* = adju/+ ignition int]rupt] po9ts4 #b4 ,file = clean+ above po9ts4 #c4 ,"o set ( ignition bru%es4 7,9 box label$47 #d4 ,sev]al extra sp>k plugs1 clean$ & adju/$ ready to use4 #e4 ,t[ rope4 #f4 ,half-doz5 valve plung]s = inn] tubes4 #g4 ,?ree-9-"o tire-valve tool4 #h4 ,tire pressure gauge4 #i4 ,jack & h&le4 7,be sure ab\t ! h&le47 #aj4 ,squirt c full ( oil4 #aa4 ,voltmet]1 or hydromet]1 = te/+ batt]y4 #ab4 ,box ( assort$ nuts4 #ac4 ,box ( assort$ cott] p9s4 #ad4 ,box ( assort$ cap screws4 #ae4 ,box ( assort$ wa%]s4 #af4 ,spool ( copp] wire & "o ( s(t iron wire4 #ag4 ,full set ( electric-light bulbs4 #ah4 ,bag ( clean wa/e or rags4 #ai4 ,two blocks ( wood1 #f #ab #a4 #bj4 ,full set ( fuses--if fuses are us$4 #ba4 ,fold+ pail4 #bb4 ,*a9 tool & sev]al cross l9ks4 ,! nuts1 cap screws1 wa%]s1 & cott] p9s ( regul> assortm5t & pack$ 9 boxes are c>ri$ by supply /ores4 ,^! & sev]al ( ! o!r articles may be pack$ 9 a cig> box = /[+ away4 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,if ,,well 8,,slick$0 ,,! ,,eng9e ,,runs ,if we scuff our feet on ! b>e pavem5t we we> out our %oes1 develop a lot ( heat1 & notice consid]able resi/ance2 b if we /ep on a banana peel1 a piece ( ice1 or a pat* ( oil or grease1 our passage is facilitat$1 & our feet are likely to slide out f "u u & we sit d[n ) little ef=t4 ,n[ ?is is j l ! auto eng9e4 ,if ! p>ts 7 all made p]fect & fitt$ toge!r prop]ly & ! eng9e />t$ )\t lubrication1 !re w\ld be s mu* friction t ! p>ts w\ld v quickly we> out4 ,z a matt] ( fact an eng9e c\ld be wreck$ 9 less ?an half an h\r's runn+1 unless !re 7 some?+ introduc$ to prev5t friction4 ,! lubrication ( ! mod]n auto eng9e is s simple t mo/ own]s d n realize its importance4 ,x is ! ?+s :i* normally take c>e ( !mselves t are mo/ likely to be neglect$2 ! ?+s ab\t :i* we "k ! lea/1 :5 !y d g wrong1 cause ! greate/ damage1 n ! ?+s ) :i* we h become famili> ?r\gh frequ5t t9k]+4 ,! in/ruction books issu$ by ! manufactur]s say to inspect ! oil res]voir ( ! eng9e ea* "t be=e leav+ ! g>age to see if ! requir$ am\nt ( oil is !re2 & ?is inspection %\ld n be neglect$2 ) mo/ own]s x is 8by guess & begorry40 ,! mo/ usual s*eme ( eng9e lubrication us$ to-day is to c>ry a c]ta9 am\nt ( oil 9 a comp>tm5t 9 ! bottom ( ! crank case1 call$ ! sump4 ,!re is a pump :i* op]ates :5ev] ! eng9e is runn+ & :i* pumps ! oil to "s sort ( an indicator on ! da%1 s t ! driv] c see if x is circulat+4 ,f ?is po9t x fl[s by gravity to ! spla% pans locat$ "u ! connect+ rods1 & above ! sump4 ,"h ! oil is held at su* a level t :5 ! crank %aft revolves ! ends ( ! connect+ rods dip into ! oil & spla% x ov] practically all ! work+ p>ts ( ! eng9e4 ,?is spla%+ & agitation ( ! oil creates a fog ( oil 9 ! crank case1 & ! rapid motion ( ! pi/on & o!r p>ts circulates ! vaporiz$ oil ov] ! mov+ memb]s1 s t a film ( oil is deposit$ ev5 on ^? p>ts :]e ! spla% itself does n rea*4 ,illu/ration3 ,c\rtesy ( ,tide ,wat] ,oil ,co4 ,,sectional ,,views ,,( ,a ,,f\r-,,cyl9d] ,,eng9e ,,) ,,special ,,ref]5ce ,,to ,,p>ts ,,connect$ ,,) ,,lubrication ,a ,sump ,b ,oil ,pump ,c ,crank-case ,d ,tr\ghs = ,oil ,e ,connect+ ,rods ,f ,oil ,cups ,g ,ma9 ,be>+s ,h ,crank ,p9 ,be>+s ,i ,cyl9d]s ,k ,pi/ons ,l ,wri/ ,p9s ,m ,bas9 9 :i* ,crank ,%aft ,ge> ,runs ,n ,pi/on ,r+s ,o ,oil ,pockets ,s ,dra9 ,cock or ,oil ,gauge ,t ,pu% ,rods ,! pump circulates m oil ?an is us$ & ! spla% pans are arrang$ ) ov]fl[ op5+s s t ! excess simply drops back into ! sump & aga9 is pass$ ?r\gh ! sy/em by ! pump4 ,x is ?is oil :i* enables ! eng9e to move )\t friction4 ,x is ! effect ( ! banana peel "u y\r heel 9 t x makes ! p>ts slip ov] ea* o!r easily4 ,9 addition to ?is ! oil betwe5 ! pi/on & ! cyl9d] wall makes a seal :i* prev5ts gas f leak+ by on compression & explosion /rokes4 ,if too mu* oil is f$ a great deal w be drawn pa/ ! pi/on on ! suction /roke & get 9 ! cyl9d] :]e x w burn1 =m+ c>bon & giv+ out smoke f ! exhau/4 ,9 ?is type ( sy/em ! pr9cipal causes ( tr\ble are too mu* oil 9 ! sump1 s t ! level rea*es above ! spla% pans1 & projections ^u ! connect+ rods t are s l>ge t too mu* oil is spla%$ :5 ! level is normal4 ,9 ! latt] case ! tr\ble (t5 may be rem$i$ by n>r[+ ! projections ( ! connect+ rod :i* dip into ! oil4 ,x is n wise to %ort5 ^! projections1 because x is v difficult to get an ev5 graduation t w insure suffici5t oil )\t giv+ too mu*4 ,if ! oil %\ld run out :ile ! c> is 9 use1 ! eng9e w get /iff1 lose its p[]1 & ! friction ( ! unlubricat$ p>ts w g5]ate suffici5t heat to melt out ! l9+ ( ! be>+s1 & if ! eng9e runs = any l5g? ( "t 9 ?is condition x may be wreck$ beyond repair4 ,?is means t al?\gh ! oil+ sy/em ne$s v little or no att5tion1 x %\ld be inspect$ ea* "t be=e leav+ ! g>age & on ! road occasionally if long trips are tak51 to make sure t oil is pres5t 9 suffici5t quantity & is circulat+4 ,oil 9 a s5se does we> out & 9 ?is sort ( a sy/em x %\ld be replac$ ) new oil occasionally4 ,"s ( x w "w up pa/ ! pi/on & be burn$ up & "s w "w out ar\nd ! diff]5t p>ts ( ! eng9e & be lo/1 b mo/ ( x w rema9 9 ! sump long] ?an x is advisable to use x4 ,all ( ! gasol9e t is tak5 into ! cyl9d] is usually n consum$4 ,"s ( x is =c$ pa/ ! pi/on on ! compression /roke into ! crank case1 :]e x cond5ses & mixes ) ! oil4 ,?is ?9s ! oil sometimes to a po9t :]e x has little or no lubricat+ value4 ,also ! oil on ! inside ( ! pi/on head burns & drops d[n into ! crank case1 & !re is "s we> ( ! mov+ p>ts :i* causes a deposit ( metal 9 ! oil4 ,^! ?+s1 toge!r ) ! small am\nt ( road du/ suck$ 9 ?r\gh ! brea!r pipe1 make ! oil 9 a %ort "t unfit = use4 ,9 ?is circulat+ spla% sy/em1 :]e ! oil is us$ ov] & ov] aga91 ! oil %\ld be dra9$ out entirely ab\t e #ajjj miles1 m or less1 dep5d+ ^u ! grade ( ! oil & fit ( ! pi/on4 ,! foll[+ ?+s all ent] into ! lubricat+ value ( ! oil aft] #ajjj miles' p]=mance3 ,grade ( ! oil ,fit ( ! pi/ons ,temp]ature at :i* ! eng9e is run ,grade ( ! gasol9e ,adju/m5t ( ! c>buretor4 ,!re are "s o!r ?+s1 b ! above are ! *ief factors4 ,x w\ld be well to acquire ! habit ( exam9+ ! oil e few days to det]m9e j h[ x /&s up 9 ! p>ticul> eng9e4 ,aft] ! oil is dra9$ out1 a half gallon or s ( k]os5e %\ld be p\r$ into ! sump & ! eng9e run = ab\t "o m9ute or less1 ! idea be+ to get a complete circulation ( k]os5e ?r\gh ! lubricat+ sy/em4 ,! k]os5e %\ld !n be dra9$ (f & ! spla% pans "u ! connect+ rods be wip$ out if possible4 ,! scre5 ( ! oil pump also %\ld be remov$ & wa%$ c>efully 9 k]os5e & replac$4 ,!n ! sump %\ld be fill$ to ! prop] level ) fre% oil4 ,aside f gett+ "u ! c> to remove ! dra9 plug1 ?is is n a dirty job4 ,/ill "o w\ld bett] put on old clo!s & ov]alls to prev5t ! possibility ( gett+ grease on a p]fectly good suit4 ,:ile oil is exp5sive1 x is poor economy to use x beyond its useful /age1 because damage may be done to ! ma*9]y :i* w co/ mu* m ?an a ye>'s supply ( good oil4 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,:]e ,,lubrication ,,is ,,neglect$ ,9 "s ( ! m9or & (t5times hidd5 p>ts ( an automobile are f\nd frequ5t s\rces ( tr\ble4 ,!re are places to be lubricat$ ( :i* _m an auto own] has no k4 ,!y we> sl[ly b con/antly1 & unless giv5 prop] att5tion w erelong give tr\ble4 ,!re are a numb] ( ^! less] be>+s :i* tell ! exp]t :e!r ! c> has _h prop] c>e4 ,9 fact1 9 look+ ov] a us$ c> ! man :o kn[s naturally turns to ^! fir/ to f9d out h[ well ! c> has be5 tak5 c>e (4 ,exp]i5ce %[s t ev5 :]e o!r p>ts %[ normal1 or practically no we>1 ^! less] be>+s %[ absolute neglect1 & ^! are 8! little foxes t spoil ! v9ey>ds0 9 ! auto _w4 ,practically e own] w fill up ! oil] to insure eng9e lubrication1 because t is a regul> task2 mo/ m5 w rememb] to keep oil 9 ! transmission case & ! diff]5tial h\s+2 probably a less] numb] w put grease 9 ! :eel be>+s :5 ne$$4 ,z ! latt] is n requir$ v (t51 x is frequ5tly =gott54 ,:at are ! neglect$ p>ts8 ,well1 :5 ! exp]t looks into ! condition ( a c>1 "o ( ! fir/ places he inspects = we> is at ! /e]+ knuckles4 ,"o mu/ realize t !y are "u a pretty heavy load1 & t1 :ile ! motion is n great1 !re is a cont9ual motion !re1 ev5 :5 ! c> is driv+ /raight ahead4 ,v few h le>n$ t x ne$s a con/ant supply ( good1 heavy grease to prev5t we> at ?is po9t4 ,x is wor? :ile to screw d[n on ! grease cups on ! /e]+ knuckles e "t oil is put 9 ! eng9e4 ,:5 ! grease cup is screw$ d[n s t x _c be turn$ fur!r1 x %\ld be fill$ imm$iately4 ,!re %\ld be en\gh grease !re to keep =c+ x out1 s t grit _c get into ! be>+4 ,und]nea? ! floor bo>ds !re are a numb] ( p>ts :i* ne$ att5tion1 b be+ out ( sight !y are (t5 out ( m9d4 ,!y are a little inconv5i5t to get at1 also4 ,"u !re we h ! univ]sal jo9t4 ,?is is ano!r jo9t 9 :i* ! motion is n great1 b ! load is heavy & cont9u\s4 ,t is ! next place t usually %[s h>d we>4 ,!re are "o or two mod]n designs :i* h h\s+s cov]+ ?is jo9t :i* may be fill$ ) heavy oil & x !n takes c>e ( itself = a mon?4 ,x %\ld be inspect$ & ! oil replac$ once a mon?4 ,c]ta9 univ]sal jo9ts1 n g5]ally us$1 h[ev]1 are suppli$ ) grease cups1 :i* ne$ att5tion e "t ! c> is us$1 j z mu* z ! oil] 9 ! eng9e4 ,also und]nea? ! floor bo>ds are ! lev]s & arms us$ = controll+ ! clut* & brake1 ! self-/>t] & ! accel]ator4 ,all h be>+s1 us$ occasionally1 b en\gh s t !y %\ld be kept lubricat$ or !y w we>4 ,?is is especially true ( ! clut* & brake l9kage1 p>ticul>ly 9 city runn+1 :]e ! clut* & brake are 9 con/ant use4 ,usually ?is l9kage has no means ( lubrication o!r ?an oil holes1 into :i* a drop or two ( oil only may be plac$4 ,naturally x w n la/ long & oil %\ld be dropp$ 9 ! holes at lea/ once a week4 ,?is is also true ( ! brake l9kage on ! re> axle4 ,(t5 at t po9t no provision :atev] is made = oil+4 ,x is simply a matt] ( fl[+ oil ar\nd ! jo9t & lett+ x "w 94 ,if ! brake l9kage we>s & weak5s & x becomes necess>y to apply ! brake ) extra =ce 9 an em]g5cy1 x w give way4 ,! spr+ %ackle bolts usually are equipp$ ) grease cups & !y d n suff] q z mu* z o!r po9ts1 b (t5 ! passages become clogg$ & "o may screw d[n on ! cup & only =ce ! grease out ( ! ?read ( ! cup1 in/ead ( into ! be>+1 = ! grease-cup cap fits loosely ^u ! ?read4 ,_m c>s come f ! factory ) ! grease holes clogg$ ) enamel1 or h>d5$ grease1 s t no great am\nt ( grease c\ld be =c$ ?r\gh 9 turn+ d[n ! cap4 ,c>s are all[$ to run s long sometimes 9 ?is condition t ! %ackles h worn ?r\gh1 all[+ ! body to drop d[n on ! axle4 ,v (t5 compla9t is made t a new c> w develop a squeak v soon aft] x is tri$ out--an elusive sort ( a squeak t seems to be fir/ "o place & !n ano!r4 ,! own] :o has ?is exp]i5ce w probably f9d ^u exam9ation t ! spr+ %ackles h n be5 lubricat$1 ei!r because ! hole 0 clogg$1 or = "s o!r reason4 ,x is recomm5d$ t 9 su* cases ! c> be jack$ up & all ! %ackle p9s be driv5 out & all ! grease passages inspect$ & clean$ ?or\ghly2 also t heavy grease be appli$ directly to ! bolt :5 x is put back 9 place4 ,?is w take a little "t1 b x pays1 = x is a matt] ( exp]i5ce t if ! p9s are n driv5 out & ! holes op5$ up = inspection x w take a solid mon? to =ce ! grease ?r\gh by screw+ d[n ! grease cup1 & until ?is passage is op5 !re c be no lubrication ( ! jo9t4 ,:eel be>+s ought to run = six mon?s if prop]ly pack$1 b !re is no way ( tell+ :5 ! be>+ ne$s att5tion except by inspection & x is well to look !m ov] regul>ly4 ,:5 inspect+ ! re>-:eel be>+s1 if ! con/ruction is ( ! type :]e ! :eel hub is key$ on to ! %aft1 x is well to inspect ! key to det]m9e :e!r x is tight4 ,out ( f\r c>s rec5tly inspect$ ?ree 7 f\nd ) a loose key4 ,!re are two dang]s :5 ! key is loose4 ,"o is t ! key way becomes rock$ out ( %ape & ! key _c be fitt$ tight aga94 ,! o!r is t %aft & hub may become s worn t ! tap] is de/roy$ & a tight fit is made impossible1 & ( c\rse ! only rem$y is to replace bo?4 ,?is condition w (t5 acc\nt = a knock+ or rattl+1 :i* w be felt ?r\gh\t ! c> & ! cause (t5 be suppos$ to be locat$ f> f ! real place4 ,= in/ance1 9 "o case ! driv] ?\ght ! knock+ 0 9 ! ge> case1 until %[n ! loose hub4 ,! spr+ leaves ne$ lubrication once a season4 ,tools are sold = sep>at+ ! leaves en\gh to apply a lubricant made especially = t purpose4 ,ano!r "p :i* %[s h>d we> quickly is ! valve pu%-rod guide1 especially 9 ov]head valve con/ruction ! ones on ! =w>d end ( ! motor4 ,du/ bl[+ ov] ! radiator collects on ^! =w>d guides & we>s !m rapidly4 ,?is condition is indicat$ usually :5 ! crank case becomes cov]$ ) oil bl[n up f ! loose jo9t4 ,mod]n designs h tak5 c>e ( ?is to a l>ge ext5t by enclos+ ! pu% rods 9 a cas+1 & _m own]s h put 9 h\s+s !mselves :5 !y discov]$ ! difficulty4 ,ov]head valves1 work$ by a rock] arm1 mu/ be lubricat$ e "t ! c> is tak5 out4 ,! lubrication is n includ$ 9 ! ord9>y lubrication s*eme ( ! eng9e1 b mu/ be done sep>ately4 ,c>eful att5tion to ^! m9or po9ts w result 9 greatly l5g!n$ life = ! c>1 & 9 a mu* high] value :5 x is trad$ 9 = ano!r c>4 ,! man :o buys a us$ c> w\ld bett] inspect closely along ^! l9es if he desires to buy some?+ bett] ?an a bun* ( junk4 ,! own] %\ld n tru/ to 8 *auffeur ! c>e ( ^! p>ts1 unless he has f\nd out t ! man kn[s ( ! importance ( lubrication1 nor %\ld x be tak5 = grant$ t ! g>age man is att5d+ to !m4 ,make sure y\rself is ! be/ rule4 ,x is well to rememb] t 8_m a mickle makes a muckle0 9 we>+ ( auto p>ts1 & look aft] ! little ?+s4 ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,sometimes ,,! ,,c> ,,smokes ,! (fic] w get y if y don't wat* out1 if y leave a trail ( smoke beh9d y2 !n x w be3 8,good morn+1 ,j$ge1 y\r ,honor40 8,guilty8 ,two doll>s1 please40 8,*eap10 y say4 ,yes1 if x 7 only ! two doll>s2 b !re is ! "t lo/ 9 appe>+ 9 c\rt & !n1 really1 y "k1 to make t smoke y 7 burn+ money4 ,su* smoke comes f two s\rces3 ,burn+ too mu* gasol9e & us+ too mu* lubricat+ oil2 usually ! latt]4 ,excessive use ( gasol9e comes f faulty c>buretor adju/m5t1 or poor design ( c>buretor or intake manifold1 or keep+ ! eng9e cyl9d] at too l[ a temp]ature1 because ( ! wat] be+ too cold 9 ! cool+ sy/em4 ,9 ! latt] case ! c>buretor may vaporize ! gasol9e prop]ly1 b x cond5ses 9 ! cyl9d] & does n burn well & ! "p :i* is n consum$ passes (f z black smoke1 :i* issues f ! exhau/ pipe4 ,we mu/ h a c]ta9 am\nt ( oxyg5 to consume ! gasol9e entirely4 ,! size ( ! cyl9d] limits ! am\nt ( air 7f :i* ! oxyg5 is tak57 :i* may be tak5 9 & if ! c>buretor is adju/$ to fe$ too mu* gasol9e1 !re may n be en\gh oxyg5 pres5t to consume x all4 ,practically speak+1 :at is n consum$ =ms c>bon or smoke4 ,! obvi\s rem$y is to adju/ ! c>buretor s t no m gasol9e w be f$ to ! eng9e ?an is requir$ = runn+4 ,9 cold wea!r x is necess>y1 usually1 to supply heat to ! +o+ air at ! mix+ *amb] ( ! c>buretor1 s t ! vaporization w be complete4 ,a light blue smoke com+ f ! exhau/ pipe indicates too mu* lubricat+ oil4 ,?is may be due to fe$+ too mu* oil or to runn+ ! eng9e a great deal ) ! ?rottle ne>ly clos$4 ,9 ord] to draw a *>ge ( gas into ! cyl9d] ! pi/on travels p>tly out ( ! cyl9d] & =ms a vacuum4 ,) ! ?rottle wide op5 a high vacuum is n obta9$ because a l>ge am\nt ( gasol9e & air is all[$ to come 9 & fill ! cyl9d]4 ,:5 ! eng9e is ?rottl$ d[n by clos+ ! ?rottle1 ! air _c ent] 9 su* a l>ge quantity1 & 9 consequ5ce !re is a decid$ vacuum 9 ! cyl9d] on ea* intake /roke ( ! pi/on4 ,?is vacuum has a t5d5cy to draw oil up pa/ ! pi/on into ! combu/ion *amb]1 :]e x burns & =ms smoke4 ,?is is :y1 :5 ! ma*9e is left at ! curb ) ! eng9e runn+ = any l5g? ( "t1 x w (t5 be f\nd to />t away ) cl\ds ( smoke issu+ f ! exhau/4 ,9 ! same way1 :5 ! eng9e is runn+ sl[ly1 air passes ?r\gh ! c>buretor s sl[ly t ! gasol9e is n brok5 up into v f9e p>ticles1 consequ5tly x does n fully vaporize & is v easily cond5s$4 ,x =ms liquid gasol9e 9 ! intake pipe or cyl9d]4 ,?is is call$ 8load+ up0 & is responsible = black smoke :5 ! ma*9e is />t$4 ,"o way ( ov]com+ ?is is to supply a l>g] am\nt ( heat ?an usual to ! mix+ *amb]4 ,mo/ c>buretors are n design$ to take c>e ( ?is condition & ! only rem$y w\ld be to /op ! eng9e in/ead ( all[+ x to run :ile /&+ at ! curb4 ,to ov]come smoke f ! oil :i* is drawn up pa/ ! pi/on1 x is cu/om>y to h a groove turn$ 9 ! pi/on "u ! l[] pi/on r+1 ) five or six holes drill$ 9 ! groove ?r\gh ! pi/on4 ,! pi/on r+ !n scrapes ! oil f ! cyl9d] wall into ! groove & x is l$ back into ! crank case ?r\gh ! pi/on walls4 ,?is prev5ts x f work+ up into ! combu/ion *amb]4 ,_m manufactur]s h ?is s*eme on ! v new models & repair m5 are us+ x on old] models :i* 7 n turn$ out ) x4 ,sometimes ! oil level w be f\nd too high4 ,?is may be correct$ (t5 by l[]+ ! oil tr\ghs1 or by fil+ (f ! dip on ! bottom ( ! connect+ rod s t x t\*es ! oil ) a n>r[$ surface4 ,9 addition to ! smoke result+ f too mu* gasol9e or oil !re is a l>ge am\nt ( c>bon deposit$ 9 ! cyl9d] :i* takes up space 9 ! combu/ion *amb] & raises ! compression s high t pre-ignition occurs & ! eng9e knocks4 ,! c> mu/ !n be tak5 to a repair %op to h ! c>bon burn$ or scrap$ out4 ,?is is exp5sive "w & besides ! c> is laid up & "o loses its use :ile ! scrap+ is be+ done4 ,! own] w see t he has be5 sp5d+ a lot ( money to supply gasol9e & oil t he didn't ne$ to use j to make smoke & c>bon & exp5se & t he has lo/ f e po9t ( view4 ,smoke %\ld n be confus$ ) /eam :i* issues f ! exhau/ pipe 9 cold wea!r4 ,"o ( ! products ( combu/ion 9 ! gas eng9e is wat]1 a natural result ( ! break+ up ( a hydro-c>bon4 ,?is usually passes (f at a high temp]ature z an invisible vapor4 ,9 cold wea!r x cond5ses imm$iately x /rikes ! air & is visible 9 ! =m t we call /eam4 ,really x is a fog t we create4 ,!re=e d n let ! policeman summons y = hav+ a smok+ eng9e1 :5 x is only /eam issu+ f ! exhau/ pipe4 ,if he doesn't "k :i* x is y probably c conv9ce him1 by ! color4 ,if x is :ite x is /eam1 if x is black x is gasol9e smoke1 & if x is light blue x is ! smoke f ! lubricat+ oil4 ,!re=e wat* y\r exhau/ = !re are _m eyes wat*+ y j n[ 9 p>ks & city /reets4 ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,! ,,c>buretor ,,& ,,its ,,fail+s ,"o ( ! frequ5t & mo/ annoy+ tr\bles to :i* automobile eng9es are subject has to d ) ! c>buretor4 ,) "o ( ! /&>d c>buretors or vaporiz]s :i* is prop]ly adju/$ !re %\ld be1 & usually is1 no s]i\s difficulty 9 ord9>y conditions1 b if !re is "o "p ( ! eng9e :i* seems possess$ to kick up its heels x is ! c>buretor4 ,p>ticul>ly is ?is s 9 ! fro/y mon?s1 :5 ! gasol9e & air d n mix prop]ly & d n vaporize :5 !y d mix4 ,?is is ( easy solution1 h[ev]4 ,simply w>m ! intake a few m9utes & x w take c>e ( itself !reaft]4 ,9 ^! days ( indiff]5t gasol9e automobile driv]s are compla9+ con/antly t ! c>buretors are giv+ unusual tr\bles4 ,! c>buretor is ! lungs ( ! eng9e4 ,well1 did y ev] brea! 9 a crumb ( cake & !n = a :ile h all y\r faculties susp5d op]ation :ile ! lungs s\ght to expel ! intrud+ sub/ance8 ,t is j :at happ5s :5 y get a crumb ( some?+ 9 ! ne$le valve1 or 9 ! intake valve ( ! vaporiz]4 ,"o little1 good-=-no?+1 insignificant speck ( dirt1 s small z to be almo/ invisible1 w put ! be/ c>buretor lit]ally out ( bus9ess1 & ! only ?+ to d is to remove ! speck4 ,!re are sev]al good makes ( gasol9e /ra9]s :i* r$uce ?is tr\ble to a m9imum1 provid$ "o w dra9 (f ! /ra9] occasionally to let ! dirt run (f4 ,/ra9+ ! gasol9e supply ?r\gh wire gauze or *amois does n obviate ! difficulty1 = gasol9e tanks are prone to acquire a slight s$im5t4 ,a few drops ( wat] 9 ! gasol9e :i* rea*es ! c>buretor w make tr\ble likewise1 = x w n vaporize1 &1 :at is m1 x w n let any?+ else vaporize4 ,probably no "o is try+ to dilute ! gasol9e ) wat] & sell y su* a mixture1 b !re are "s mighty c>eless m5 9 ! gasol9e trade4 ,x rem9ds "o ( ! f>m] caught sell+ wat]$ milk1 :o plead$ t !re 0 a pump 9 ! milk+ y>d & "s ( 8 m5 mu/ be c>eless 9 pass+ by x4 ,! *amois sk9 w remove ?is imp$im5t1 = wat] w n pass ?r\gh x4 ,ano!r tr\ble :i* afflicts motor-boat eng9es m ?an ! automobile motor has to d ) ! wea!r4 ,! motor-boat c>buretor requires frequ5t adju/m5t1 due to *anges ( ! wea!r4 ,on a dry1 w>m day ! gasol9e vaporizes easily & ! maximum *>ge is readily explod$ 9 ! cyl9d]1 giv+ a maximum ( p[]4 ,on a wet1 cold1 heavy day1 "o mu/ slightly decrease ! supply1 or ! cyl9d]s w clog1 ! eng9e w knock1 & "o w ?9k h>% ?+s if !y are n audibly express$4 ,! automobile eng9e1 n be+ s con/antly ov] ! wat]1 w n h ?is tr\ble s mu*1 b x is probable t mo/ driv]s fail to take ?is into consid]ation & p]haps d n "k t x is a cause ( tr\ble4 ,a v slight leak 9 ! intake manifold gaskets likewise makes all sorts ( tr\ble1 s9ce ! supply ( mixture to ! cyl9d]s w v>y accord+ z ! vibration op5s up ! gasket & /ops ! suction by :i* ! cyl9d]s are suppli$4 ,a leaky pi/on r+ w d ?is = "o ( ! cyl9d]s4 ,if worn1 or froz5 fa/ by c>bon1 x w fail to keep ! pi/on tight1 ! mixture passes by ! leak1 if suck$ 91 & !re is no compression & no explosion or irregul> fir+4 ,?is w make "o ?9k sometimes t ! c>buretor is at fault1 :]eas ! eng9e really ne$s an ov]haul+4 ,9 fact1 if "o is hav+ eng9e tr\ble :i* is h>d to diagnose1 "o %\ld try out ! pi/on r+s to see if !y are do+ _! duty4 ,?is is v simple1 = all practical-te/ ne$s4 ,crank ! cyl9d] up to high pressure & let x /& a c\ple ( m9utes4 ,!n op5 pet or prim+ cock & see if !re is any pressure left4 ,on ! two-cycle eng9e ?is is a good te/1 & by try+ ! cyl9d]s 9 turn pi/on r+ tr\ble may be locat$4 ,on ! f\r-cycle eng9e ! valves mu/ be consid]$ also1 = !y may leak & ! pi/ons be p]fectly tight1 b 9 su* an ev5t x w be f\nd almo/ impossible to get good pressure on ! cyl9d]1 s9ce x leaks ?r\gh ! valves :ile ! pi/on is mak+ ! compression /roke4 ,don't condemn ! c>buretor until y h det]m9$ :e!r ei!r ( ^! ?+s is occurr+4 ,! c>buretor %\ld be dra9$ occasionally to prev5t ! accumulation ( s$im5t1 :i* w lat] clog ! ne$le valve1 & at lea/ once a season %\ld be tak5 ap>t & clean$4 ,"t sp5t 9 ?is way well repays ! own]4 ,9 all t has be5 said ?us f> no acc\nt has be5 tak5 ( poor gasol9e4 ,by ?is is n meant gasol9e ) wat] or dirt 9 x1 b a poor quality4 ,n[adays !re is su* a dem& = gasol9e = automobiles & motor boats1 t ! produc]s h _h to m>ket mu* ( a l[ grade1 or1 z is g5]ally ! case1 h mix$ ! fir/ quality ) ! *eap] grades1 produc+ a m$ium quality4 ,! seem+ necessity ( utiliz+ ^! l[ grades ( gasol9e makes x necess>y to *ange ! c>buretor =ms1 & "o sees n[ a t5d5cy to d away ) ! old1 long intake1 ei!r by rais+ ! c>buretor to ! cyl9d] level1 ) a horizontal intake only1 or ) an int]nal intake manifold1 ! c>buretor be+ atta*$ to ! cyl9d] block4 ,sev]al makes ( c>buretors us+ "o ( ^! me?ods are said to vaporize ev5 ! l[ grades ( gasol9e1 :ile "s lat] models are claim$ to h&le k]os5e successfully4 ,= ! motor boat !re are sev]al makes ( vaporiz]s :i* w h&le ei!r gasol9e or k]os5e1 & all int]m$iate grades1 by slight adju/m5t4 ,x is possible t "s +5i\s build] w devise a simil> vaporiz] = ! automobile eng9e1 if gasol9e cont9ues to decl9e 9 quality1 & to be %ort 9 supply z well4 ,an easy te/ to see :e!r ! c>buretor is work+ "r is to run sev]al blocks ) ! ?rottle practically clos$1 !n1 :5 ! road is cle>1 press %>ply ^u ! accel]ator p$al1 :i* op5s ! ?rottle wide & %\ld make ! eng9e spe$ up & ! c> jump =w>d4 ,if x is sluggi% x w d5ote a too ri* mixture1 & if x sputt]s & p]haps backfires1 x is too lean4 ,b if1 ) smoo? yet rapid action1 x makes ! c> spe$ up1 t is 8pep40 ,! am\nt ( pep :i* a c> is said to possess is gaug$ by ! quickness ) :i* x responds to ! accel]ation1 ei!r by ! p$al or by ?rottle lev]1 *ang+ ! c> f sl[ or mod]ate spe$ to full spe$4 ,t1 too1 )\t j]ky action or te>+ ! motor ap>t4 ,:ile ?is te/1 %[+ ! pres5ce ( pep1 w d5ote t ! mixture pass+ ?r\gh ! c>buretor is correct1 abs5ce ( pep does n always mean t x is wrong4 ,!re=e x is n wise to jump to ! conclusion t ! adju/m5t is wrong4 ,9 fact ! adju/m5t %\ld n be *ang$ unless x is fully c]ta9 t x is wrong4 ,if ! c> has be5 runn+ ) ! c>buretor work+ prop]ly & no "o has *ang$ ! adju/m5t1 x may safely be assum$ t ! c>buretor adju/m5t is correct4 ,adju/m5ts are n *ang$ except by someone's f+]s4 ,d n be l ! new *auffeur :o1 hav+ tr\ble1 at once desc5d$ ^u ! c>buretor4 ,ano!r *auffeur ^: c> 0 /&+ ne> advis$3 8,i w\ldn't t\* t1 boss40 8,well1 !re's some?+ ! matt] & ,i guess x's "h10 said ! tr\bl$ "o4 8,i w\ldn't t\* x1 boss2 try some:]e else40 8,oh2 let's see :at's on ! inside ( x10 impati5tly exclaim$ ! new *auffeur1 & he proce$$ to unscrew & unbolt ! p>ts4 ,( c\rse1 he _h to s5d to ! g>age = a repair man & f9ally 0 t[$ 9 = complete reassembly & readju/m5t ( ! "p4 ,! lesson 9 all ?is = ! own] is t he %\ld le>n ! make-up & peculi>ities ( 8 c>buretor1 und]/& its common & uncommon ills & ?us be able to rem$y a tr\ble :i* w\ld m> a trip or ! g5]al s]viceability ( ! c>4 ,x is unnecess>y to g into ! detail ( any make ( c>buretor1 because if ! manufactur]'s in/ruction book does n conta9 full in=mation & sket*es ( ! make us$1 a special c>buretor book may be obta9$ f ! mak]4 ,b !re is no excuse = failure to ma/] ! lungs ( ! eng9e & to le>n h[ to keep !m brea?+ prop]ly4 ,,*apt] ,x ,,gett+ ,,! ,,mo/ ,,out ,,( ,a ,,gallon ,,( ,,gas ,) ! price ( gasol9e con/antly m\nt+ skyw>d & tires foll[+ :5 n lead+ ! rise1 :ile ev]y?+ else ne$$ = automobile upkeep is asc5dant1 x is timely to ass]t ! ne$ t ! own] consid] 8 exp5se & r5ewal co/s4 ,& :5 x is consid]$ t labor & repair p>ts h pir\ett$ along ) ! o!r ?+s1 x behooves ! own] to devise ways ( decreas+ 8 runn+ exp5ses & to le>n h[ to get z mu* z possible out ( a gallon ( gas1 & e mile out ( 8 tires !y c be coax$ to give4 ,!re are _m little exp5ses ab\t runn+ a c> :i* total a consid]able sum4 ,a nickel1 a dime1 a qu>t]1 a doll>1 d n seem mu* at ! "t1 b !y pile up ! co/ p] mile frightfully4 ,n ev]yone c be l a fri5d1 :o1 :5 caution$ ab\t ! way 8 *auffeur 0 runn+ up ! co/ ( 8 sev]al c>s1 repli$3 8,i don't want to "k :at my c>s co/4 ,if ,i did1 my bus9ess in/9ct w\ld d\btless make me dispose ( !m all1 & ,i d n want to d ?is4 ,! c>s are a luxury & ,i don't want to "k :at !y co/40 ,a c> :i* la/s ) ord9>y c>e "o or two ye>s1 if giv5 intellig5t c>e by ! own] might be made to la/ ?ree to five ye>s4 ,?is means tak+ unusual precaution & hav+ a ?or\gh k ( ! work+ p>ts & ( h[ to keep !m 9 condition1 & x means do+ fai?fully & p]si/5tly ! ?+s necess>y to keep ev]y?+ 9 ord]4 ,:5 x is consid]$ t "u prevail+ conditions x may n be possible to get a new c> z (t5 z x has be5 9 ! pa/1 x might be z well to take c>e ( ! c>s we h r ?an let !m g to rack & ru9 = lack ( c>e4 ,a good _m automobiles are wa/$ m ?an !y are us$4 ,9 "s cases ?is is due to c>elessness & 9 o!rs by lack ( k ( :at to d & h[ to d x4 ,take tires1 = in/ance4 ,! co/ due to neglect is (t5 great] ?an ! co/ ( actual we>4 ,"s ( ! ?+s :i* cause excessive we> & det]ioration ( tires are driv+ into holes 9 ! /reet1 or 9 deep ruts1 turn+ corn]s at too high spe$1 /opp+ ! c> s quickly ) ! brake t ! :eels slide on ! pavem5t1 & a h>% clut* :i* j]ks ! c> sudd5ly f a /&/ill1 caus+ ne$less we>4 ,!n !re are su* ?+s z lett+ ! front :eels get out ( alignm5t s t !y d n run p>allel1 or ne>ly s1 ! action be+ t ! tire is slid1 in/ead ( be+ roll$1 ov] ! road4 ,!re %\ld be a slight toe 91 = me*anical reasons1 z expla9$ else:]e1 b if ?is is all[$ to g beyond ! prop] limit x co/s money4 ,adju/]s tell u t a v l>ge p]c5tage ( tire failures is caus$ by "u-inflation1 :i* all[s ! tires to flatt5 & breaks ! side walls4 ,e tire %\ld be te/$ ) a gauge & n ) ! eye or h& & kept to ! pressure nam$ by ! tire mak]4 ,to get ! greate/ life out ( a tire x %\ld be wat*$ cont9ually = small cuts ?r\gh ! rubb] to ! fabric4 ,mo/ tires w be f\nd aft] a %ort s]vice to h f two to a doz5 su* cuts4 ,^! w all[ s& to "w 9 & loos5 ! rubb] & !n moi/ure gets 9 & rots ! fabric4 ,!re are prep>ations ) :i* ^! cuts may be heal$ 9 a few m9utes2 s]i\s cuts1 especially :]e ! rubb] is loos5$ f ! fabric1 %\ld be tak5 at once to ! vulcaniz]4 ,:ile oil & grease ( good quality co/ money1 _! prop] use w save _m times _! price 9 replacem5t ( p>ts4 ,on ! o!r h&1 a wa/e ( lubricant makes unnecess>y exp5se4 ,especially ) a new c>1 oil & grease %\ld be c>efully wat*$ until ! be>+s h _h "t to "w 94 ,t is ! "t :5 exp5se = replacem5t ( be>+s is mo/ likely4 ,x is n g5]ally realiz$ t a l>ge numb] ( ?+s ent] into ! economical use ( gasol9e4 ,to get ! mo/ out ( a gallon ( gasol9e all mov+ p>ts mu/ "w prop]ly4 ,?is means prop] lubrication4 ,! brakes %\ld n drag2 ea* cyl9d] ( ! eng9e %\ld fire prop]ly2 ! clut* %\ld n slip1 & ! c>buretor %\ld be 9 prop] adju/m5t4 ,x is n well to adju/ ! c>buretor unless y are sure x is at fault4 ,excessive c>bon 9 ! cyl9d] causes a decid$ loss ( p[]1 due to back pressure on ! pi/on1 & ! p>tial clogg+ ( ! muffl] indirectly consumes extra gasol9e4 ,! importance ( keep+ ! muffl] free is n usually und]/ood4 ,to insure ea* cyl9d] gett+ its prop] p[] )\t wa/e1 ! eng9e %\ld be driv5 ) ! sp>k lev] advanc$ z f> z possible )\t caus+ back pressure4 ,! sp>k-plug gaps %\ld be prop]ly adju/$ to insure a ?or\gh ignition ( ! *>ge2 ! sp>k plugs %\ld be kept clean to prev5t ! loss ( a *>ge ( gas ?r\gh non-ignition1 likewise ! int]rupt] po9ts1 & ! di/ributor %\ld be kept clean & prop]ly adju/$4 ,to use all ! gas t is tak5 into ! cyl9d] !re %\ld be no loss ( compression ?r\gh leaky valves1 or weak valve spr+s1 or poor gaskets on sp>k plugs or valve caps2 & x is equally important t pet cocks1 cyl9d] head1 :]e !re is "o1 & pi/on r+s are tight1 s t gas w n be wa/$4 ,x is n safe to leave ^! ?+s to ! *auffeur & ! g>age man4 ,! own] %\ld le>n himself h[ to make all ^! adju/m5ts4 ,if he does s he w f9d t 8 propell+ ma*9e w "w bett]1 & t he w n only h m use & pleasure out ( x1 b he w save a v appreciable "p ( ! co/ ( up-keep4 ,,*apt] ,,xi ,,?+s ,,:i* ,,make ,,gas ,,bills ,,high ,!re are o!r ?+s :i* affect ! am\nt ( gas consum$ :i* ne$ ! att5tion ( ! automobile own]4 ,"o ( ! common ?+s1 m5tion$ 9 ! prec$+ *apt]1 conc]ns ! intake manifold1 :i* has to d ) ! di/ribution ( ! gas mixture f ! c>buretor to ! sev]al cyl9d]s4 ,a leak at ! c>buretor side w\ld prev5t draw+ into ! manifold a suffici5t supply ( ! mixture1 s t ! cyl9d]s w\ld be scantily suppli$--p]haps "o or m n suppli$ at all4 ,likewise air w\ld be drawn into ! manifold ?r\gh ! leak1 & ?is w\ld ?9 ! mixture com+ f ! c>buretor4 ,z ! mixture 9 ! cyl9d]s w\ld be ?9 x w\ld n compress prop]ly1 ! fir+ pressure w\ld be poor1 ! mixture w\ld fire badly or n at all1 & ! p[] w\ld be less5$4 ,! natural ?+ to d :5 ! misfir+ is notic$ is to op5 ! spray or ne$le valve1 admitt+ m gasol9e to ! mix+ *amb] & mak+ a high] consumption ) no ga9 9 p[]4 ,! prop] ?+ to d1 h[ev]1 is to look = a leak 9 ! manifold4 ,if ! leak is on ! cyl9d] side ( ! manifold1 x might be at "o or all ( ! cyl9d]s4 ,! result w\ld be ! same z 9 ! case j cit$1 a poor supply ( ! mixture1 or "s ( ! cyl9d]s might be prop]ly suppli$ & "w all "r1 :ile o!rs might be %ort ( ! mixture & might n fire at all4 ,! loss might be suffici5t to affect s]i\sly ! p[] & less5 ! spe$ ( ! c>4 ,! manifold ought n to become loos5$ 9 ! ord9>y use ( ! c>4 ,!re h be5 cases :]e vibration has done x1 b ! usual tr\ble is :]e ! manifold has be5 remov$ = "s purpose & improp]ly replac$4 ,copp] & asbe/os gaskets ord9>ily are us$1 & ^! may be d5t$ or jamm$ out ( %ape s t ! jo9t is n tight1 or !re might h be5 no %ellac h&y1 or ! bolts may n h be5 tight5$ en\gh4 ,:atev] ! reason1 ! leak makes a weak mixture1 & ! fir/ ?\ght ( ! *auffeur or ! av]age g>age man is to increase ! gasol9e at ! spray nozzle ( ! c>buretor to make ! mixture ( ! "r proportion to fire4 ,on acc\nt ( ! mixture be+ made 9 ! intake manifold1 in/ead ( ! c>buretor1 z x %\ld be1 ! "w is n effici5tly done & gasol9e is wa/$1 ! result be+ ! increase ( ! exp5se acc\nt4 ,"o ( ! mo/ common causes ( gas loss is f leaky supply pipes4 ,:]e !re is a solid pipe f tank to c>buretor ! only leak1 b>r+ a break or p]=ation ( ! pipe1 w\ld be at ! connection ) ! tank or ! c>buretor4 ,vibration might cause ! jo9ts to loos51 ?\gh if !y are put toge!r prop]ly ) %ellac1 soap or "s equival5t1 & are ?or\ghly tight5$1 !re ought n to be any loos5+4 ,x is ne$less1 b h[ (t5 we see a c> dripp+ gasol9e at consid]able loss4 ,x is also dang]\s1 = a /ray flame or sp>k may ignite ! gas4 ,!re is ano!r leak ( ! same nature :i* is q z exp5sive1 & t is ( lubricat+ oil4 ,if y d n believe x to be preval5t or s]i\s 9 ext5t1 y h only to wat* places :]e automobiles /& frequ5tly along ! curb & notice ! pools ( oil on ! pavem5t4 ,^! come f leaky crank cases1 transmission ge> cases1 re>-axle ge> 7diff]5tial7 cases1 or f a faulty di/ributor4 ,9 mo/ cases x is only a matt] ( tight5+ a few bolts or connections occasionally2 b ) oil at pres5t prices x is a s]i\s matt]4 ,ano!r leak :i* ne$s to be correct$ frequ5tly is at ! valves4 ,s mu* has be5 writt5 ab\t ! c>e ( valves t x w\ld seem sup]flu\s to ref] to x1 b regr9d+ & prop] c>e pay big divid5ds 9 effici5cy & %\ld be on ! regul> program4 ,!re is a leak at ! valve1 h[ev]1 seldom m5tion$1 ?\gh q z s]i\s z ! o!rs1 :i* is due to worn valve /ems4 ,! valve /ems %\ld fit snugly 9 ! guides2 if !y d n1 air w be drawn pa/ ! /em into ! cyl9d] on ! suction /roke & ?9 d[n ! mixture s t ! eng9e runs irregul>ly1 unless m gasol9e is suppli$ at ! spray nozzle1 & ?rottl+ d[n to a reasonable idl+ spe$ is impossible4 ,if ! exhau/ valve guide is worn !re w be a hiss+ s\nd t is objectionable4 ,! purpose ( repeat+ ?is caution z to mixture ?9n+ is to make x pla9 t :]ev] !re is a leak betwe5 ! c>buretor & ! cyl9d] x lets 9 air & ?9s ! mixture s t x is necess>y to fe$ 9 m gasol9e to get a mixture t w fire & t is wa/eful1 = a mixture made any:]e else ?an 9 ! c>buretor is less effici5tly accompli%$4 ,! burn$ gases pass out ?r\gh ! exhau/ valve side & 9 s do+ (t5 deposit small pieces ( c>bon1 :i* keep ! valve f seat+ prop]ly & let p]fectly good mixture escape4 ,if n clean$ (t51 ! heat & con/ant tapp+ ( ! valve aga9/ ! seat w hamm] ! c>bon fa/ to ! valve or seat z ?\gh x _h be5 fus$ !re4 ,c>bon mu/ be scrap$ (f frequ5tly & z (t5 z necess>y ! valve %\ld be regr\nd into ! seat4 ,pi/on r+s :i* are n p9n$ (t5 "w ar\nd until ! slots are 9 l9e & ! mixture w bl[ ?r\gh4 ,if ! r+s w n /ay 9 place a p9 %\ld be put 9 ! r+ groove on ! pi/on to prev5t ! r+ f work+ ar\nd & ! slots %\ld be /agg]$1 s t no two are 9 l9e4 ,naturally ! r+s mu/ be kept free f c>bon or gum f ! oil or !y w freeze to ! groove & leak mixture4 ,9 old] c>s ! cyl9d] may be worn oval1 s t ! pi/on & its r+s d n fit4 ,:5 ! cyl9d] is oval ! pi/on w n pump 9 ! mixture prop]ly1 & :5 ! explosion occurs mu* ( ! burn$ gas w be =c$ d[n into ! crank case4 ,"o ( ! products ( combu/ion is wat]1 :i* is exhau/$ 9 ! =m ( vapor4 ,:5 x gets into ! crank case & cond5ses1 =m+ wat]1 x collects "u ! oil4 ,9 clean+ out & replac+ ! oil1 if wat] is f\nd1 x always indicates a t5d5cy to oval 9 ! cyl9d]4 ,?is is caus$ by ! ?ru/ ( ! connect+ rod be+ aga9/ "o side on ! up /roke & aga9/ ! o!r on ! d[n /roke4 ,) ev]y?+ else !re may be a loss ( gasol9e by reason ( poor adju/m5t ( ! c>buretor4 ,! adju/m5t %\ld be su* z to make ! mixture z lean z possible & h x fire readily1 & to h ! float n too high4 ,"o sure indication t ! mixture is too ri* is :5 black smoke is giv5 (f4 ,black smoke always indicates excess gasol9e--burn+ money4 ,z has be5 told 9 ano!r *apt]1 !re is ano!r k9d ( smoke to gu>d aga9/1 b if ! own] w make sure t he is n exhau/+ black smoke he ne$ n worry ab\t ! price ( gasol9e1 & a little judgm5t & c>e w elim9ate _m ( ! items ( upkeep exp5se4 ,,*apt] ,,xii ,,c>e ,,( ,,! ,,tires ,:5 a tire buy] is told by ! deal] t a tire is gu>ante$ = s _m miles1 ! manufactur] expects to make good--he expects if ! tire falls d[n on p]=mance to replace x1 or at lea/ make an all[ance = ! mileage %ort4 ,z a matt] ( fact !y d n h to d ?is on ?\s&s ( tires :i* are defective1 = ! reason t ! auto own] has n kept 8 "p ( ! b>ga94 ,n9e times out ( t5 ?is is because ! us] ( ! tire does n "k h[ x ought to be treat$ & doctor$ & cajol$ into do+ all t x is expect$ to d4 ,tires are a great deal l human be+s2 are j z f9icky & contr>y2 & x takes a great insight into _! make-up if "o w\ld get ! mo/ out ( !m4 ,"o ( ! *ief causes ( tire det]ioration is lack ( c>e--absolute neglect4 ,driv]s s5d _! ma*9es ov] all k9ds ( roads1 reg>dless ( ruts1 & /ones1 & glass or junk 9 ! roadway1 & !n _c und]/& :y ! tires are all cut up ab\t x4 ,worse ?an t1 !y d n seem to und]/& t a cut tire ne$s z mu* & z prompt att5tion z a cut f+]--p]haps m1 = nature w m5d ! "o2 ! o!r has no su* luck4 ,! fir/ ?+ to d :5 "o discov]s a cut is to clean x out & jiffy 9 "o ( ! good solutions sold1 :i* w cem5t ! edges toge!r or press 9 ! putty-l repair mat]ial4 ,if ! cut is n too l>ge or too deep x w m5d easily & give little tr\ble1 if c>e is tak54 ,if x is a l>ge cut ! vulcaniz] %\ld be visit$4 ,! cem5t %\ld hold long en\gh = t4 ,x w keep out wat]1 :i* rots ! fabric easily1 & s&1 :i* makes bli/]s along ! tread4 ,only a slight pat* is ne$$ if done promptly1 b if wat] & s& get 9 x is almo/ impossible to vulcanize 9 a pat*1 & :5 x is done x probably w n la/4 ,tires %\ld be inspect$ regul>ly & (t5 & att5d$ to intellig5tly4 ,?is w save ! automobile own] mu* annoyance & cut d[n "o ( ! big items ( ma9t5ance4 ,"s driv]s1 too1 nev] seem to ?9k ( favor+ an auto tire at times ( greate/ /ra94 ,!y w :irl ar\nd a corn] z fa/ z _! n]ve & ! traffic policeman w all[ & !n wond] :y x is t ! tread we>s away s quickly4 ,!y d n seem to und]/& t "u su* circum/ances !re is a /eady gr9d ( tire ^u pavem5t1 & gr9d means we>4 ,ano!r set ( driv]s w run along = weeks )\t notic+ t ! /e]+ ge> is out ( true4 ,p]haps ! ma*9e has hit some?+ & ! equaliz+ rod is b5t j a trifle1 mak+ ! front :eels f> f p>allel4 ,x may n be en\gh to see ) ! eye1 b x is (f true & "o or bo? ( ! tires gr9ds ) e revolution4 ,! spe$ ) :i* ! tread w we> away dep5ds ^u ! "* ( ! roadway4 ,on gravel or macadam roads x is fa/4 ,! manufactur] w n replace a tire worn out t way if he c detect ! cause1 & exp]i5ce has taught him :]e to look = x4 ,"o man wore a pair ( front tires ?r\gh to ! fabric 9 a v %ort run & rais$ a fuss because ! replacem5t man disclaim$ responsibility aft] te/+ ! :eels4 ,! roll & slide motion comb9$ w "w havoc ) ! be/ tire & %\ld be correct$4 ,a h>% clut* does ! same ?+ 9 a little diff]5t way4 ,a clut* :i* grips too h>d w cause ! :eels to slide & we>4 ,! brake1 also1 %\ld n be too positive1 b be adju/$ to "w easily1 s t ! :eel w /op turn+ j z ! mom5tum is sp5t1 to prev5t slid+4 ,bo? brakes %\ld be adju/$ alike1 or "o w grip ! :eel fa/ & ! o!r turn4 ,! gripp$ tire w scrape along & ! pavem5t cuts ! tire l a rasp4 ,ano!r set ( m5 =gets t oil & grease & gasol9e are ! natural enemies ( tires4 ,!y all[ ! ma*9e to /& 9 ! g>age :]e !re are pools ( oil or gas4 ,gasol9e w dissolve gum rubb]4 ,x w dis9tegrate ! tire1 :i* is a comb9ation ( rubb]1 soap/one1 & o!r ?+s1 s t x we>s out quickly4 ,lubricat+ oil & grease ha/5 ! decay ( rubb] & %ort5 ! life ( ! tire4 ,besides !re is no s5se 9 wa/+ oil & gas1 & if someone else all[s x to spill on ! pavem5t ! wise man w keep out ( ! mess4 ,9 wet seasons !re is especial ne$ = c>e ( ! tire4 ,rubb] cuts easily :5 ! %>p edge ( ! cutt+ ag5t is wet4 ,tire work]s dip _! knives 9 wat] to facilitate ! "w4 ,g out on a road :]e !re is glass1 or %>p /ones dripp+ f a ra91 & ! tire is an easy m>k4 ,a wet day on a %>p gravel road w fill ! tires full ( small cuts4 ,tubes %\ld be kept 9 ! %oes :]e possible4 ,if fold$ up !y are likely to h>d5 on ! creases & crack on ! surface1 bl[+ out easily4 ,tubes 9 excess ( %oes c>ri$ %\ld be roll$ up c>efully & be kept 9 a bag to prev5t *af+ on tools or box4 ,tires co/ ! own] ab\t ! same z ! c> if he does mu* runn+4 ,9 a g5]al s5se ! set ( f\r tires us$ on any c> be>s a c]ta9 proportion to ! sell+ price ( ! c>4 ,on ! *eap] makes ( c>s ! tires co/ new approximately #fj p] set4 ,!y increase 9 price 9 direct ratio to ! price ( ! c>4 ,!y are usually gu>ante$ = five ?\s& miles1 & z ! av]age own] makes at lea/ t5 ?\s& miles p] ye>1 he uses up two sets ( tires4 ,tak+ ?ree ye>s z ! av]age "t ! own] w keep ! c> be=e trad+ x 91 w\ld mean six sets ( tires4 ,tak+ ! c> :i* uses ! #fj set & we f9d t six sets ( tires w\ld co/ #cfj1 or pretty ne> ! fir/ co/ ( ! c>4 ,few own]s give consid]ation to ?is fact4 ,ano!r way ( figur+ ! co/ ( tires is t 9 upkeep exp5se tires figure = "o-?ird ( ! total1 gasol9e & oil = ano!r ?ird1 & we> & te> on ! c> ! rema9d]4 ,^u ?is basis ! own] %\ld give "o-?ird ( ! total c>e to ! tires4 ,b few1 if any1 d4 ,:5 ! c> is /or$ = ! w9t]1 or = any l5g? ( "t at any o!r season1 ! c> %\ld be jack$ up & ! tires deflat$ until ! pressure is less ?an half ! normal4 ,:]e ! c> _c be left jack$ up ! tires %\ld be remov$ f ! c> & hung up high & dry :]e !re w be nei!r extremes ( heat nor cold1 ?\gh heat is m injuri\s ?an cold4 ,x is good practice1 if1 on com+ to ! g>age1 x is f\nd t "o or m tires are deflat$ bel[ normal & !re is no "t to pump !m up1 to lift ! weight (f ! tire ) jack or o!rwise1 s t ! /ra9 w be remov$ f ! walls ( ! tire betwe5 ! rim & ! floor or gr\nd4 ,d n put tires :]e !y w be subject to /rong sunlight1 :i* decomposes ! rubb]4 ,oil & grease left on ! surface d ! same ?+4 ,clean ! tires ( mud & grease aft] e trip4 ,keep ! small cuts heal$ & ! big bli/]s w n occur4 ,make fri5ds ) ! vulcaniz] & take 8 advice z to repair ( y\r tires4 ,t's 8 bus9ess4 ,if too f> f a vulcaniz]1 buy a small outfit & spoil a few cas+s & tubes le>n+ h[ to d ! small jobs1 & s5d ! big ones to ! %op by express4 ,rememb] 9 m5d+ tubes & cas+s t cleanl9ess is be=e godl9ess4 ,y may be a p]fect *ur* memb]1 b if y d n obs]ve p]fect cleanl9ess ! m5d w n /ick & 9 ! end may lose y y\r *ur* memb]%ip by provok+ y to viol5t words4 ,?r[ away ! valve insides e once 9 a :ile on g5]al pr9ciples & put 9 new ones4 ,le>n h[ to te/ ! tubes by dipp+ !m "u wat] :5 inflat$ & look+ = air bubbles4 ,te/ ! valve ! same way1 at ! same "t4 ,bubbles may indicate :y ! tire w n keep pump$ h>d4 ,rubb] is por\s to a slight degree & y mu/ expect loss ( air f t cause bo? 9 ! tires on ! :eels & t held 9 res]ve4 ,make sure ( ! pressure by ! tire gauge4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii ,,skidd+ ,,may ,,be ,,m9imiz$ ,:5 y are out driv+ next "t wat* ! c>s ahead ( y & notice h[ _m ( !m h wobbly re> :eels4 ,y c by ?is means tell fairly well :o is a c>eful driv] & ^: c> has be5 skidd+ ab\t ! /reets & has br\ght up %>ply aga9/ ! curb1 or c> track1 or rut1 or "s o!r ob/ruction ov] :i* ! :eels w\ld n slide1 & :i* 0 suffici5tly solid to give !m a h>d knock4 ,no man c appreciate :at a skid means until he has _h "o & !n1 p]haps1 he w n live to appreciate x4 ,no am\nt ( prea*+ seems to d any good4 ,he mu/ s[ 8 wild auto-driv+ oats & le>n f exp]i5ce4 ,because ( ?is1 x is recomm5d$ t ea* driv] :o has n _h a real skid yet1 pick out a v broad & wet /reet pav$ ) asphalt :]e !re is no traffic 9 sight4 ,let him drive ! c> fifte5 miles an h\r up ! middle ( ! /reet1 !n give ! /e]+ :eel a %>p turn to ! left1 at ! same "t apply+ ! brakes4 ,! result+ s5sation ( absolute helplessness w be rememb]$ = an h\r or two--at lea/4 ,= ^? :o wi% to cont9ue ! lesson1 try all[+ "s o!r driv] to repeat ! op]ation1 :ile ! exp]i5ce seek] occupies ! back seat4 ,n[ ! skid aga9/ ! curb or o!r ob/ruction may n h demoli%$ ! :eel1 b x left its m>k 9 crack$ spokes1 or b5t rim1 or if ! c> 0 ( a c]ta9 type ( con/ruction x may h b5t ! axle %aft itself4 ,if ! wobble is due to a b5d 9 ! rim1 x we>s ! tires excessively & if ! spokes h be5 a little crack$ x weak5s ! :eel2 if ! axle %aft has be5 b5t1 x is caus+ undue we> 9 ! be>+2 & "u all ( ^! conditions !re is too mu* we> ( ! tires4 ,dur+ ! w9t] skidd+ is preval5t1 mu* m s ?an at o!r seasons4 ,?is is due to ! fact t sn[ & ice keep ! pavem5ts wet or icy1 accord+ to ! temp]ature4 ,!re is ano!r elem5t ent]+ into ! situation1 h[ev]2 mo/ folks :o travel at ?is "t ( ! ye>1 because ( ! cold & discom=ts ( motor+1 desire to get !re & s travel fa/]--! v fact t !y are uncom=table causes !m to pay less att5tion to driv+ ) c>e4 ,! result is t !y run up close beh9d "s o!r vehicle1 :i* /ops quickly2 !n !y jam on ! brakes h>d & skid4 ,or1 a c> comes out ( a side /reet sudd5ly1 mak+ x necess>y to sw]ve quickly to "o side1 or /op1 & ! result is a skid 9 ei!r case4 ,a r unusual case ( skidd+ is ?us relat$ by a driv]3 ,i 0 driv+ up ,broadway1 9 ,new ,york ,city1 & to make ! hill nor? ( #aeg? ,/reet _h put on a little m spe$1 = ! c> 0 n a good hill climb]4 ,a block or two above ! subway /ation a boy on a sl$ d>t$ out ( a side /reet & swung to cont9ue d[n ! ,broadway hill4 ,to avoid hitt+ him ,i jamm$ on ! brake h>d1 & began to skid4 ,!re 0 a wagon at ! curb & on ! o!r side ( me an auto go+ 9 ! same direction & !re 0 n room to turn out4 ,i saw t if my c> cont9u$ to skid x w\ld sw+ 9 front ( ! sl$4 ,x is unusual to skid go+ up hill1 b !re 0 s mu* loose sn[1 ) ice und]nea?1 t ! skid *a9s did n take hold4 ,!re 0 b an in/ant to act1 mu* less "t ?an x takes to tell x1 & ,i releas$ ! brake & let 9 ! clut*4 ,?is /opp$ ! skidd+ & ! c> %ot =w>d j 9 "t to let ! boy g by4 ,probably ! greate/ cause ( skidd+ is turn+ ! corn] at too high spe$4 ,?is (t5 causes a skidd+ ( ! front :eels z well z ! re> :eels--t is1 ! c> is go+ s fa/ t ! front :eels d n get traction en\gh to *ange _! direction & :5 !y attempt to make ! turn !y skid & ! c> goes = ! curb4 ,apply+ ! brake usually w ov]come ?is skid4 ,9 a re>-:eel skid ! wor/ ?+ "o c d is to apply ! brake4 ,x is be/ to let ! c> coa/1 turn+ ! front :eels 9 ! direction 9 :i* ! re> end ( ! c> is skidd+2 if x is try+ to g to ! left1 turn ! front :eels t way4 ,if !re is some?+ 9 ! way1 s t x is necess>y to /op1 ! brake may be appli$ a little z ! :eels take hold1 leav+ ! clut* engag$1 :i* prev5ts lock+ ! :eels1 z ! eng9e is pull+ aga9/ ! brake & !re is n s mu* dang] ( lock+ ! :eels4 ,x keeps ! :eels revolv+ sl[ly1 s t y get a bett] traction = /opp+4 ,x takes a great] pressure appli$ lat]ally to />t ! :eel slid+ ?an to keep x skidd+ once x is />t$1 & y c br+ ! c> to a /&/ill mu* quick] if y c keep ! :eels f slid+4 ,a little practice w tea* ! driv] j h[ mu* he c apply ! brake )\t caus+ ! :eels to skid4 ,! b5t axle has be5 m5tion$ z a result ( skidd+4 ,x may also be a cause = skidd+1 = x sometimes happ5s t by hitt+ ! curb h>d1 or ! :eel ( ano!r c>1 or a /reet c>1 ! re> axle gets out ( true--p]haps ! spr+-seat bolt w %e> (f--& ! :eels w n track ) ! front :eels4 ,?is w cause skidd+4 ,:5 !re is n sn[ dur+ ! cold mon?s1 (t5 wat] is us$ to sweep or flu% ! /reets4 ,wet asphalt is always slipp]y1 :e!r x is w>m or cold1 b 9 cold wea!r x (t5 freezes & ! pavem5t is dang]\s & skidd+ is almo/ c]ta9 unless c>e be tak54 ,! /reet-c> tracks are ano!r cause ( skidd+4 ,(t5 x is necess>y to give ! front :eels a consid]able turn to get out ( ! track :5 necess>y1 &1 especially if !y are wet--& !y are wet :5 o!r p>ts ( ! pavem5t are dry--! re> :eels w cont9ue 9 ! tracks1 caus+ a bad skid4 ,"u no circum/ances %\ld "o habitually drive 9 ! c> tracks :5 ! /reets are wet4 ,if ! brakes are adju/$ unev5ly1 s t !re is a little m pressure on ! "o :eel ?an ! o!r & !re=e /ops x a little m1 x w cause skidd+4 ,ano!r case may come f giv+ ! /e]+ :eel a little twi/ j z ! brake is appli$4 ,occasionally 9 an em]g5cy /op ! driv] w give a ha/y glance beh9d to see if a c> is close ^u him4 ,! h&s foll[ ! eye1 x is said1 & ?is w (t5 give ! slight twi/ t causes ! :eels to slide4 ,"s c>s skid because ! weight is n balanc$ on ! :eels--t is1 !re is too mu* weight on front or re> :eels4 ,!re is a rem>kable diff]5ce 9 c>s 9 ?is respect & x might be well be=e buy+ a c> to try x out on its likelihood to skid4 ,!re are num]\s designs ( non-skid tires & !y d prev5t1 or decrease1 skidd+ to a v l>ge degree on "s c>s4 ,:ile !y help 9 "s cases1 x is n well to dep5d ^u !m entirely4 ,x is ! g5]al practice n[ to use non-skid *a9s4 ,on muddy roads !y are a necessity & on wet asphalt are almo/ z ess5tial & *a9s %\ld be us$ "u su* circum/ances2 b z !y cause excessive we> on ! tires1 !y %\ld only be us$ :5 ne$$4 ,! driv] %\ld n all[ himself to be ei!r too hurri$ or too lazy to put !m on & take !m (f accord+ to ! condition ( ! pavem5t4 ,bett] to d ?is a doz5 times a day r ?an we> out a set ( tires or skid into ! curb or a /reet c>4 ,!y %\ld be adju/$ loosely1 s !y c creep ar\nd & we> ! entire circumf]5ce ( ! tire slightly b ev5ly2 if !y are s tight !y _c creep1 ! cross *a9s w cut away ! out] rubb] "r d[n to ! fabric4 ,a great _m tires are ru9$ 9 t way4 ,tires cut ?is way _c be turn$ back to ! manufactur] = replacem5t1 = ! adju/] w "k at once :at caus$ ! we>4 ,be sure !re are a suffici5t numb] ( cross *a9s s t x w n be possible = ! brakes to /op ! :eel betwe5 ! cross l9ks1 = 9 t ev5t x w slide j z badly z ?\gh no *a9s 7 us$4 ,z a c> is m likely to skid go+ d[n grade ?an on ! level1 x foll[s t extra c>e %\ld be ex]cis$1 & t ! driv] %\ld sl[ spe$ = a /op f>!r away ?an w\ld ord9>ily be necess>y1 & t ! /op %\ld be gradual4 ,"o %\ld wat* closely on a hill1 = !re is a great] coa/+ mom5tum & a great] t5d5cy = ! re> :eels to slew ar\nd1 because ( ! weight ^u !m4 ,aft] all1 ! greate/ prev5tive ( skidd+ is c>e4 ,! driv] :o keeps 8 eyes & wits ab\t him w h 8 c> "u control 9 situations :i* might possibly cause skidd+4 ,x is an ess5tial ( economy 9 tires & :eels & "s o!r p>ts ( ! me*anism1 & x is an ess5tial 9 safety1 = "s v bad1 ev5 fatal1 accid5ts h come f skidd+ at an un=tunate mom5t1 :5 c>e w\ld h prev5t$ x4 ,x is no fun to incur injury to p]son or c>1 or to pay = repairs or excessive r5ewals2 he :o w\ld avoid causes = mu* ( ?is %\ld bew>e ( skidd+4 ,,*apt] ,,xiv 8,,c',t-,,slip ,,heels0 ,,less5 ,,skidd+ ,if y\r auto is n equipp$ ) 8,c't-,slip ,heels10 ! gre5 or p9k plugg$ %ock absorb]s1 ! same z y we> on y\r own heels to keep f skidd+ ov] ! sidewalk1 p]haps x 7 well to look into x a little4 ,autos z well z m5 take to skidd+ q easily1 & n infrequ5tly come to grief4 ,we use rubb] heels to absorb %ocks & j>s j z we use rubb] tires on ! auto to absorb road %ocks4 ,we f9d 9 bo? in/ances t 9 wet wea!r ! pavem5t becomes lubricat$ & a slip or skid is likely to result 9 damage to p]son or c>4 ,9 ! case ( rubb] heels x 0 f\nd desirable to provide "s means to prev5t slipp+1 & plugs 7 ins]t$ :i* grip ! ice or slipp]y surface & hold fa/4 ,tire manufactur]s h develop$ all sorts ( devices1 su* z projections & recesses1 vacuum cups1 etc41 9 ! tread ( ! tire1 to keep !m f slipp+4 ,9 "o case ! device has be5 v successful1 :]e ! manufactur] has ins]t$ /rips ( cotton fabric 9 ! tread ( ! tire1 on ! same pr9ciple z ! plug 9 ! rubb] heels4 ,! fabric1 really a ?ick canvas1 projects a v little beyond ! rubb] surface1 & gives ! tire a bett] traction ?an pla9 rubb] w\ld h on a slipp]y pavem5t1 & makes "o ( ! be/ non-skid comb9ations4 ,y d\btless w rememb] t rubb]s worn smoo? are m slipp]y ?an ! lea!r heels ) _! nails2 or t ! rubb] heels :i* h no plugs get v 8slick0 & are worse ?an no?+4 ,x is exactly ! same ) rubb] tires4 ,no matt] ) :at non-skid device tires are equipp$1 !re is always ! dang] ( slipp+ :5 ! pavem5ts are wet or slu%y1 & ! fact t su* equipm5t is us$ %\ld n make ! driv] ?9k t he c drive at high spe$ ) safety4 ,on ord9>y wet pavem5ts v satisfactory results are obta9$ ) mo/ ( ! regul> non-skid types ( tires4 ,:]e ice or pack$ sn[ or surface mud is enc\nt]$1 *a9s are bett]4 ,9 v deep mud1 loose s&1 or loose sn[1 heavy rope wrapp$ ar\nd ! tire betwe5 ! spokes w probably be f\nd be/4 ,9 an em]g5cy1 :5 caught out 9 ! c\ntry1 x might be necess>y to cut up a blanket or f9d "s o!r sub/itute = ! rope4 ,:5 !re is a telephone pole or po/ ne> at h& :5 ! c> becomes /uck 9 loose sn[1 s&1 or deep mud1 (t5 ! c> may be pull$ out if a t[ rope long en\gh is h&y4 ,fa/5 "o end ( ! rope to ! pole & ! o!r to ! =w>d "p ( ! re> :eel4 ,!n />t ! eng9e & if ! rope is /rong en\gh & x is /ret*$ tight en\gh1 z ! :eel revolves x w />t ! c> =w>d4 ,take a fre% hit* on ! pole & try x aga94 ,a few in*es at a "t x w pull ! c> =w>d1 a di/ance equal to ab\t ! diamet] ( ! :eel1 & 9 "t get ! :eel out ( ! rut or hole s t x may grip ! solid e>? aga94 ,! flat /eel /ud tires are absolutely wor?less on ice2 !y are good skates1 b = gripp+ ! ice !y are failures4 ,! great majority ( skids are due to excessive spe$4 ,! au?or has be5 told by a driv] :o drift$ into ano!r c> & broke bo? headlights t he 0 only go+ t5 miles an h\r4 ,?is 0 probably true1 b unque/ionably he 0 go+ too fa/ = ! condition ( ! /reets & 8 tires4 ,x is q necess>y t ! driv] %\ld "k h[ 8 c> is go+ to behave "u all conditions & drive accord+ly4 ,occasionally ! cr[n ( ! road w cause a slip ( front or re> :eels to ! side t _c be prev5t$ by a r$uction 9 spe$2 b ! c>eful driv] w at lea/ drive sl[ en\gh "u su* conditions to make :atev] damage might occur f ?is cause z light z possible4 ,:]ev] a road has a cr[n !re is always increas$ dang] ( skidd+1 b (t5 ^! roads t h a h>d slipp]y section 9 ! middle h a n>r[ /rip ( gravel or dirt on ea* side4 ,:]e ?is is ! case x w\ld be bett] to drive ) "o pair ( :eels 9 ! dirt r ?an to keep 9 ! middle1 :]e slipp+ is almo/ unavoidable4 ,9 o!r cases1 :]e !re is no dirt /rip1 x is p]haps bett] to keep "r 9 ! middle ( ! road & to use great caution 9 turn+ out = o!r vehicles4 ,r\nd+ a corn] at high spe$ is1 ( c\rse1 a direct invitation = a v s]i\s skid4 ,mak+ %>p turns ( ! /e]+ :eel on /raightaway is also dang]\s4 ,:5 driv+ 9 traffic on slipp]y pavem5ts1 c>e %\ld be tak5 n to foll[ ano!r vehicle too close & to judge /ops f> en\gh 9 advance s t ! c> may be br\ght to a /&/ill1 if necess>y1 sev]al feet be=e ! desir$ po9t is rea*$4 ,9 o!r words1 ! brakes %\ld be appli$ v c>efully4 ,9 extreme cases x may be f\nd impossible to apply ! brakes at all )\t skidd+1 & x w be necess>y to practically all[ ! c> to drift to a /&/ill4 ,brakes :i* are adju/$ s t "o takes hold a little /rong] ?an ! o!r w also cause a skid1 by p]mitt+ "o :eel to turn & twi/ ! c> ab\t4 ,:5 skidd+ does occur1 ab\t ! only ?+ ! driv] c d is to turn ! /e]+ :eel 9 ! direction ( ! skidd+1 ) no pressure on ! brake4 ,?is w correct ! skid be=e damage is done1 provid$ ! spe$ is n too great4 ,ano!r help 9 prev5t+ skidd+ is to leave ! clut* engag$ & ! eng9e pull+ slightly :5 ! brake is appli$4 ,( c\rse1 be=e ! c> is actually br\ght to a /&/ill ! clut* mu/ be releas$1 or ! eng9e w /all4 ,! slight pull ( ! eng9e :5 ! brake is appli$ prev5ts ! lock+ ( ! re> :eels1 & 9 t way prev5ts skidd+ 9 a l>ge measure4 ,on any /ormy day a %ort t\r ( any ( ! mu* us$ av5ues 9 any city w disclose a v>iety ( ma*9es :i* h _h _! skid & are aga9/ ! curb ) brok5 :eels1 if no?+ worse4 ,x seems z ?\gh no am\nt ( advice w tea* ! driv] to use c>e on slipp]y pavem5ts4 ,he mu/ h 8 own skid be=e he le>ns 8 lesson4 ,! season = skidd+ is always ) u1 h[ev]1 & e pat* ( ice1 or a froz5 or wet /reet surface1 or a muddy c\ntry road gives ! w>n+ 8,drive ,c>efully40 ,x behooves ! own]1 !re=e1 to provide 8 c> ) ! be/ safety devices to be _h1 :e!r x be *a9s1 rope1 tires ) plugs :i* encircle ! tread1 or :atev] may be necess>y4 ,he w d ?is if he has _h 8 skid2 if he hasn't1 probably no am\nt ( advice w h ! slighte/ effect ^u him4 ,,*apt] ,,xv ,,avoid ,,newly ,,oil$ ,,roads ,t\ri/s go+ out on week-end trips into ! c\ntry1 & c\ntry own]s :o g into /range sections1 %\ld pay /rict att5tion to signs :i* say 9 effect3 8,dang]1 ,road ,be+ ,oil$40 ,x does n matt] 9 ! lea/ :e!r y believe 9 signs or n1 pay att5tion to all su*2 x may save an upset1 or at lea/ skidd+ into ! dit*4 ,an oily macadam road is m slipp]y ev5 ?an a wet asphalt pavem5t4 ,! dang] is great] f ! fact t ! road is cr[n$--t is1 x rises 9 ! c5t] & slopes (f on ei!r side to a dit*4 ,if y get (f ! cr[n on an oily road ! ma*9e is pretty sure to slide t[>d ! dit*4 ,9 runn+ ov] an oily road x is necess>y to keep on ! cr[n z mu* z possible & :5 "o has to pass ano!r vehicle1 if he c>es mu* = 8 safety1 he _h bett] sl[ d[n1 or come to a /op1 & let ! o!r fell[ worry ab\t gett+ by4 ,an ounce ( caution be=e is wor? sev]al horse-p[] ( en]gy 9 gett+ ! c> back aft] x goes 9 ! dit* or tries to climb a telegraph pole4 ,rec5tly ! au?or _h occasion to visit ,orange ,c\nty1 ,new ,york1 & /ruck a piece ( v heavily oil$ road ne> ,go%54 ,x app>5tly _h be5 oil$ ! night be=e & ! workm5 _h n f9i%$ putt+ on ! b9d]4 ,x 0 ?ick ) oil4 ,! road mak]s knew x 0 dang]\s & put up a sign simil> to t quot$ above1 b a big c> ahead w5t d[n a little slope lead+ to ! oil & ! driv] fail$ to he$ ! sign quickly en\gh1 & :5 we caught up ) him he 0 9 ! dit*4 ,com+ up 7 half a doz5 o!r c>s slid+ all ar\nd b try+ to get to ! dit*$ c> to give assi/ance4 ,! big c> _h sl[$ d[n some:at1 else x w\ld h gone ov] into ! field1 b x _h turn$ completely ar\nd & 0 head$ 9 ! direction :5ce x _h come4 ,! o!r c>s 7 slid+ 9 e direction4 ,:5 he f\nd 8 c> beg9n+ to slide1 ! au?or v cauti\sly /opp$1 = 8 c> 0 j mov+4 ,on inquir+ ( ! driv] ( ! skidd$ c>1 he 0 told t :5 ! latt] _h f\nd himself skidd+ ar\nd he _h jamm$ on ! brake1 &1 ( c\rse1 j z might h be5 expect$1 ! re> ( ! c> w5t "r ar\nd4 ,9 go+ up ! slight rise ( gr\nd1 ! au?or met o!r c>s & _h to leave ! cr[n ( ! road4 ,imm$iately ! re> tires began to slide & he w5t = "s di/ance ) ! re> pair ( :eels try+ to slide d[n into ! dit* :ile ! front pair 7 hold+ fairly well to ! road4 ,z soon z he c\ld get back on ! cr[n ( ! road aga91 ( c\rse ! c> /raight5$ out all "r4 ,any c> :i* /ruck ! oil$ road on high spe$ w\ld h turn$ ov] or sma%$ aga9/ a telephone pole & probably ev]ybody abo>d w\ld h be5 hurt1 if n kill$2 s x is wise n to be s absorb$ 9 ent]ta9+ "o's fri5ds t w>n+ signs are miss$4 ,,*apt] ,,xvi ,,wat* ,,y\r ,,brakes ,look well to ! condition ( ! brakes on y\r c> be=e />t+ on a trip4 ,see t !y are 9 good %ape ev5 if y d n h "t to look ov] ! eng9e4 ,! brakes are m important ?an ! eng9e4 ,x ne$s an eng9e 9 at lea/ fair condition to get any:]e1 b if y d n h brakes y may get too f>--too et]nally f>4 ,manufactur]s ( c>s h recogniz$ ! importance ( ! brake appliances & h giv5 consid]able att5tion to ! improvem5t ( ! brake1 design+ m effici5t op]at+ me*anism1 increas+ ! size ( ! brak+ surface & improv+ ! quality ( ! friction mat]ials1 & also 9 protect+ ! brakes f excessive we> due to grit & dragg+ ( b&s :5 n 9 use4 ,! brakes1 moreov]1 on ! av]age c> ( mod]n design1 are suffici5t = all g5]al use1 if us$ intellig5tly & if !y are giv5 a mod]ate am\nt ( c>e4 ,b l mo/ o!r p>ts ( c>s1 "s own]s give !m no att5tion :atev]1 & consequ5tly !re is frequ5t failure & (t5 x is a matt] ( life & dea? :5 ! brakes refuse to "w prop]ly4 ,fir/ ( all1 own]s %\ld und]/& t !re are two sets ( brakes on ! c>1 :i* op]ate indep5d5tly ( ea* o!r1 & ea* brake %\ld be capable ( hold+ ! c> at a /&/ill on practically any grade1 or1 z ! *auffeur usually puts x1 8slid+ ! :eels40 ,a rec5t exp]i5ce ) a ,=d c> illu/rates ! ne$ ( ! own] ?or\ghly und]/&+ 8 brak+ sy/em4 ,?is 0 a case ( a new c> :]e ! own] _h n yet become v famili> ) ! me*anism4 ,he came to a v long & fairly /eep hill4 ,he releas$ ! clut* & appli$ ! brake z he _h be5 taught1 & got ab\t two-?irds ( ! way d[n ! hill :5 ! brake l9+ burn$ out & ! brake no long] held ! c>4 ,!n1 because he =got :at he ought to d 7or else did n "k71 ! own] lo/ 8 head & ?\ght he 0 go+ to sma%1 & ( c\rse did4 ,! c> ran into ! dit* & upset1 b5t ! front axle1 broke ! mud gu>ds & top b[s1 & mix$ ?+s up g5]ally1 b =tunately no "o 0 hurt4 ,?is 0 all unnecess>y1 = on ?is p>ticul> c> he _h ?ree o!r means ( brak+4 ,he c\ld h pu%$ ! p$al :i* engages ! l[-spe$ ge> & kept ! c> at l[ en\gh spe$ to negotiate ! hill 9 safety4 ,or1 he c\ld h pu%$ ! rev]se p$al1 :i* on ?is p>ticul> c> w\ld h act$ z a v effici5t brake4 ,&1 also1 he might h appli$ ! em]g5cy brake1 z on any o!r c>4 ,z e c> is equipp$ ) two di/9ct sets ( brakes1 driv]s %\ld le>n to use fir/ "o & !n ! o!r on long grades1 & ?is may be help$ out consid]ably by us+ ! motor z a brake--t is1 by cutt+ (f ! ignition & all[+ ! ma*9e to pu% ! eng9e "u compression1 & ev5 m by engag+ a l[] ge> be=e cutt+ (f ! ignition1 s t !re is a great] lev]age obta9$ to ret>d ! c>4 ,likewise1 long grades %\ld be desc5d$ at a comp>atively sl[ spe$ 9 cases :]e ! brake is at all necess>y1 because ! high] spe$ develops m heat & ! brake l9+ is m likely to burn out4 ,( c\rse ! brake l9+ has be5 improv$ s t x does n actually burn out v readily1 b "u extreme conditions x w become *>r$ & lose its frictional qualities4 ,p]haps "o ( ! greate/ causes ( brake failure is oil4 ,n[ ! oil :i* gets on ! brakes usually works ?r\gh ! re>-axle h\s+ f ! diff]5tial ge>4 ,! own] may be a little too en?usia/ic ab\t lubrication & may put too mu* oil 9 ! diff]5tial & x travels along ! inside ( ! axle tube4 ,! :eels are s plac$ on ! axle t ?is oil c get out only by work+ ov] ! :eel be>+ & into ! brake drum4 ,x w (t5 be notic$ t ! oil collects mo/ly on ! "r-h& brake4 ,?is is because ! cr[n ( ! road1 & p]haps ! dit* alongside ( ! road :i* is us$ 9 pass+ o!r c>s1 tilts ! c> s t ! "r-h& :eel is l[] ?an t on ! left-h& side4 ,ev5 :]e too mu* lubricant is n us$1 x seems t "s c>s h a t5d5cy to leak oil f ! "r-h& :eel h\s+4 ,usually ?is tr\ble may be ov]come by tak+ a long1 ?9 /rip ( h>d felt ( ! prop] ?ickness to fill ! space betwe5 ! axle %aft & ! axle h\s+1 & w9d+ ar\nd ! %aft 9 helical =m1 s t ! action1 :5 ! %aft is turn$1 is to =ce ! oil back t[>d ! diff]5tial4 ,( c\rse1 if ! felt is n w\nd 9 ! "r way x w\ld h ! opposite t5d5cy & draw ! oil out into ! :eel be>+4 ,= ?is reason ! felt %\ld be w\nd1 />t+ f ! :eel end1 9 a direction opposite to ! =w>d motion ( ! :eel1 cov]+ ! axle = a di/ance ( six or eight in*es4 ,! felt %\ld be fa/5$ to ! %aft ) %ellac & b\nd 9 ?ree or f\r places ) cord4 ,:ile oil on ! brake b&s is n desirable1 oil on all ( ! be>+ po9ts ( ! brake me*anism is highly desirable4 ,"s "t1 :5 driv+ 9 a city1 take notice ( ! numb] ( times ! brake is appli$4 ,!n /op to ?9k h[ ea* action is tak+ place 9 ! brake me*anism4 ,?is ought to br+ "o to realize ! necessity ( lubricat+ ! be>+ p>ts4 ,^! ne$ m frequ5t oil+ because !y are plac$ :]e !y pick up m ?an ! usual am\nt ( du/ & grit4 ,if ! lubrication ( ^! p>ts is neglect$ !y are likely to we> unduly & become s weak5$ t a sudd5 em]g5t /ra9 w\ld mean a break2 & ?is might happ5 at a "t :5 failure means dea? to ! occupants ( ! c>4 ,brakes ( mod]n design are s arrang$ t ! b&s cle> ! drum entirely :5 !y are dis5gag$4 ,?is is done by means ( spr+s & o!r devices plac$ ar\nd ! drum at diff]5t po9ts4 ,^! spr+s %\ld be inspect$ occasionally to make sure t !y h n become brok5 or o!rwise fail 9 ! p]=mance ( _! functions4 ,ano!r cause ( brake failure is due to ! l9+ we>+ ?9 & all[+ ! copp] rivets1 ) :i* x is fa/5$ to ! b&1 to come 9 contact ) ! brake drum4 ,?is 9 "t scores grooves 9 ! drum & greatly r$uces ! brak+ effect4 ,x is n economy1 !re=e1 to we> ! brake l9+s entirely ?r\gh4 ,:5 !y become ?9 ! l9+s %\ld be inspect$1 & be replac$ z soon z ! rivets beg9 to %[ we>4 ,! usual practice is to h f\r brakes1 "o on ea* re> :eel op]at$ by ! s]vice-brake p$al & "o on ea* re> :eel op]at$ by ! em]g5cy lev]4 ,! em]g5cy brake is design$ m = hold+ ! c> at /&/ill aft] x has be5 /opp$1 b may be us$ alt]nately ) ! s]vice brake on long grades4 ,! s]vice brake %\ld be kept 9 su* condition t x w br+ ! c> to a /op )9 a reasonable di/ance at any c> spe$1 & x %\ld be und]/ood by ! driv] t ! em]g5cy brake is n int5d$ to be us$ to help out ! s]vice brake :i* holds poorly :5 a quick /op is desir$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,re> ,,:eel ,,& ,,brake ,,drum ,,remov$1 ,,%[+ ,,ext]nal ,,& ,,int]nal ,,brake ,,b&s ,,& ,,me*anism ,_m manufactur]s t]m ! second brake ! h& brake1 r ?an ! em]g5cy brake1 to disc\rage ! idea t x is to be us$ to help out :5 an extra quick /op is desir$4 ,too _m own]s g ^u ! assumption t "o good brake is all t is necess>y1 & all[ "o to get into su* condition z to be useless :5 ! o!r fails unexpect$ly1 or :5 x is desirable to use ! two sets alt]nately4 ,z to ! adju/m5t ( brakes1 x is v important1 9 ord] to get ! be/ brak+ effect--& to save we> on ! tires z well--to h bo? brakes ( a set give ab\t ! same friction4 ,!re are two places :]e adju/m5ts may be made1 "o at ea* brake & "o on ! brake l9kage1 usually on ea* side1 b possibly on ! s+le rod connect$ to ! p$al4 ,by means ( ^! two adju/m5ts x is possible to h ! b&s cle> ! drums :5 ! brakes are releas$ & at ! same "t h ea* brake />t to take hold at ! same "t & ) equal =ce4 ,! equaliz+ b> helps out 9 small v>iations1 b _c be expect$ to take c>e ( ! entire adju/m5t4 ,:5 "o consid]s ! multitude ( accid5ts because ! 8brake gave way0 & ( ! risk tak5 by o!rs :o fail to c>e = ?is important bit ( me*anism1 x w\ld surely sugge/ to ! c>eful man t he /udy ! con/ruction ( ! brake ^u :i* he dep5ds on a d[n grade & t he give x en\gh att5tion to "k t x is 9 work+ ord]4 ,if he does n value 8 own neck en\gh = t1 he %\ld at lea/ h a c>e = ^? :o %>e ! dang]4 ,,*apt] ,,xvii ,,:y ,,! ,,auto ,,/e]s ,,easily ,visions ( disa/] come to ! automobile driv] at ! ?\ght ( runn+ )\t ! /e]+ tie rod4 ,"o ?9ks ( :eels try+ to g 9 div]g5t directions & ( ultimate de/9ation 9 ! dit*4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 x is possible to run along q a :ile at mod]ate spe$ ) only "o :eel connect$ to ! /e]+ app>atus1 & exp]im5ts h demon/rat$ t ?is c be done at q a lively gait1 on a spe$ track1 :e!r /raightaway or oval4 ,!re are sev]al o!r peculi>ities ab\t ! front :eels ( an automobile :i* are n fully und]/ood by automobile m51 unless !y h _h te*nical tra9+4 ,mo/ p ?9k ! front :eels ( an automobile %\ld be p]fectly true 9 e way2 t is t !y %\ld run p>allel1 b z a matt] ( fact !y d n run p>allel f any viewpo9t4 ,! front :eels actually toe 9 to a slight degrees--t is1 ! di/ance betwe5 ! front "p ( ! :eels %\ld be "o-qu>t] to ?ree-eigh?s ( an in* small] ?an ! di/ance measur$ betwe5 ! back p>ts4 ,! tire manufactur] w tell "o t ! :eels mu/ be 9 p]fect alignm5t if full s]vice is to be gott5 out ( ! tires4 ,?is is true 9 a degree1 b auto manufactur]s und]/& t !re mu/ be a slight =ega!r4 ,!oretically !re w\ld be a we> on ! tires if !y 7 at all out ( true1 b :5 x comes to ! practical consid]ation ( an automobile !re are c]ta9 v>iations ( ?is :i* are necess>y to make ! op]ation ( ! c> safe & a matt] ( ease4 ,( c\rse !re _c be too great a diff]5ce 9 ! alignm5t1 b a v slight diff]5ce is necess>y to enable ! /e]+ to be a matt] ( c]ta9ty4 ,!re w be1 ( c\rse1 an intangible am\nt ( we>1 b x does n cut any p>ticul> figure 9 ! life ( ! tire & x gives a /ability 9 ! /e]+ :i* _c be neglect$4 ,p]haps x c be/ be illu/rat$ by ref]r+ to two types ( boats :i* are famili> to mo/ p]sons4 ,"o is ! sc[ ) ! squ>e nose1 :i* is v h>d to /e] ei!r ) or aga9/ ! tide2 x is pu%+ flat aga9/ ! wat] & !re is no lat]al pressure to keep x /eady4 ,! po9t$-b[ boat1 ! ord9>y type1 has a pressure ^u ea* b[ s t !re is a con/ant resi/ance aga9/ any extraord9>y pressure f ei!r direction4 ,?is makes x necess>y 9 /e]+ to ex]t a c]ta9 pressure to turn ! boat ab\t4 ,9 actual practice x keeps ! boat f wobbl+4 ,! same is true :5 appli$ to ! front :eels4 ,if !y are p]fectly align$ !re w be no t5d5cy to give "o way m ?an ano!r & v little pressure w\ld t5d to turn ! :eels aside & make ! c> wobble4 ,exp]i5ce tea*es t ?is actually occurs4 ,at ! automobile s*ool1 ( c\rse1 !re are _m novices le>n+ to /e] a c>1 & !y are tak5 out by exp]ts4 ,:]e ! :eels are actually align$ p]fectly ! wobbl+ effect1 especially :]e ! me*anism is a little worn1 is v disconc]t+ to ! /ud5t4 ,n[1 if ! :eels toe 9 !re is exactly ! same pressure effect work+ f opposite directions4 ,ea* seeks to g slightly out ( true & ea* (fsets t t5d5cy 9 ! o!r4 ,?is naturally keeps ! c> /eady & ! :eels pass ov] slight ob/ructions )\t turn+ !m 9 ! slighte/ degree2 only a rut or "s l>ge ob/ruction w\ld cause !m to turn & ?is w\ld be ! case "u all circum/ances4 ,9 case !re is we> due to neglect$ lubrication or o!rwise1 ! wobbl+ t5d5cy is especially noticeable4 ,) ! :eels toe+ 9 slightly ?is is ov]come1 because pressure is ex]t$ on ! knuckle p9s1 keep+ !m firmly 9 place1 ev5 ?\gh !re be consid]able we>4 ,! pressure be+ f bo? sides1 x naturally takes up ! play 9 bo? knuckles ! same z ) a *a9 :5 x is drawn tight4 ,nor d ! front :eels run 9 an absolutely v]tical position1 = !y are set to und]ga!r4 ,?is is done to save ! trem5d\s /ra9 ^u ! knuckles & make x possible to h ^! mu* light] ?an w\ld o!rwise be ! case4 ,! fact ( ! und]ga!r1 ( c\rse1 takes ! /ra9 (f ! /e]+ knuckle p9s4 ,7 ! :eels absolutely v]tical !y w\ld set two or p]haps ?ree in*es outside ! knuckle4 ,! weight l9e be+ directly ?r\gh ! knuckle to ! gr\nd1 !re w\ld be a lev]age ( two or ?ree in*es :i* w\ld put a trem5d\s /ra9 directly ^u ! knuckle2 :]e ! :eels are und]ga!r$1 ! l9e ( weight int]sects bo? ! knuckle & ! tread contact1 remov+ ! item ( lev]age completely1 & ! :eel necess>ily be>s its full proportion ( ! load )\t undue /ra9 ^u ! knuckle or p94 ,sometimes ! p9s are incl9$ =e & aft1 t is1 ! bottom is f>!r =w>d ?an ! top4 ,?is is to help 9 keep+ ! :eels po9t$ /raight ahead by mak+ ! :eels into sort ( a ca/]1 s t !y trail easily4 ,! knuckles are directly ov] ! c5t] ( ! :eels & ! l9e ( weight w\ld be directly d[nw>d1 b ! p9s po9t =w>d4 ,9 ?is way1 z eng9e]s readily und]/&1 ! l9e ( weight is mov$ =w>d & ! weight is c>ri$ ahead ( ! contact po9t ( ! tire ) ! gr\nd4 ,anyone :o has ev] ridd5 a bicycle und]/&s ! pr9ciple ( ?is4 ,9 ! old velocip$es :]e ! :eel =k 0 v]tical1 x 0 v difficult to /e]4 ,bicycle manufactur]s discov]$ t by project+ ! =k =w>d & transf]r+ ! weight l9e 9 advance ( ! :eel1 !y 7 able to make a ma*9e :i* w\ld naturally g /raight ahead4 ,! pr9ciple is exactly t ( ! ca/]4 ,! roll] trails along aft] ! weight & s moves freely1 ev5 ov] ob/ructions1 :]e x w\ld be h>d go+ if ! roll] 7 directly "u ! weight4 ,n[1 z a matt] ( fact1 :eels :i* are set 9 ! mann] describ$ may run = a consid]able di/ance )\t ! tie rod1 :i* fa/5s ! knuckles toge!r4 ,x is usually und]/ood t :5 ! tie rod breaks !re is b\nd to be a sma% at high spe$1 & "u mo/ circum/ances ?is might be true1 b at mod]ate spe$s x (t5 happ5s t ! c> runs a consid]able di/ance1 /e]+ p]fectly1 aft] ! tie rod has be5 brok54 ,! au?or _h an exp]i5ce ( ?is k9d4 ,he 0 go+ up ,riv]side ,drive 9 ,new ,york ,city1 t[>d ! viaduct4 ,aft] he _h gone almo/ across ! viaduct he 0 />tl$ to see :at look$ l ! tie rod protrud+ out 9 front ( ! c>1 al?\gh ! c> 0 mov+ along ) no sign ( tr\ble4 ,! c> 0 /opp$ & x 0 f\nd t ! bolt _h jump$ out ( ! knuckle on "o side & t ! tie rod _h actually swung out 9 front1 & n until !n _h x be5 discov]$ t !re 0 any tr\ble4 ,go+ back ov] ! r\te across ! viaduct & "s di/ance beyond did n disclose ! miss+ p91 b ! conclusion 0 rea*$ t x mu/ h come out on ! hill lead+ to ! viaduct4 ,yet ! :eels rema9$ p]fectly /raight & ! c> /e]$ prop]ly1 al?\gh !re 7 no v %>p turns1 & ! c> did n g to sma% z x ought to h done 9 !ory4 ,x 0 ! ca/] effect :i* sav$ ! c> f an accid5t4 ,! trail+ effect describ$ kept ! :eels runn+ /raight ev5 aft] ! tie rod 0 out ( commission4 ,"s "t lat] x 0 le>n$ t ! same ?+ actually _h occurr$ 9 "o ( ! big auto races4 ,x s my/ifi$ ! driv] & 8 me*anician t !y decid$ to exp]im5t4 ,!y fix$ up a c> )\t a tie rod & />t$ to spe$ up on ! track4 ,!y atta9$ q a high spe$ )\t mi%ap & sl[$ d[n & drove to ! %$ z ?\gh ! /e]+ ge> 7 regul>ly equipp$4 ,h[ev]1 x is n recomm5d$ t any automobile own] neglect to h 8 /e]+ app>atus regul>ly inspect$ & to see t ! p9s are kept tight & t ! :eels d n get too mu* out ( alignm5t4 ,! p9 might drop out :5 go+ d[n a /eep hill or :5 runn+ at high spe$1 & tires d we> out :5 ! :eels are too mu* out ( alignm5t2 b ! in/ances cit$ %[ t sometimes /rict !ory & actual practice d n always meet4 ,,*apt] ,,xviii ,,! ,,elusive 8,,juice0 ,x takes good 8juice0 & lots ( x to run a mod]n auto2 n ! k9d t ,uncle ,sam has put a ban ^u1 = t ran ! auto into ! dit* (t5] ?an mo/ any?+ else2 b some?+ q z hot & ) at lea/ an equal am\nt ( 8kick0 9 x--! electric 8juice40 ,probably ?is is ! lea/ und]/ood elem5t 9 runn+ a c>1 if "o may judge by ! tr\bles report$4 ,l>ge numb]s ( autoi/s h no idea ( ! functions ( ! batt]ies & wires & swit*es & o!r p>ts ( ! electrical equipm5t1 & :5 any?+ goes wrong !y are helpless4 ,9 deal+ ) ! electrical equipm5t ( a ma*9e ! own] %\ld und]/& t a complete circuit is necess>y 9 ord] to h ! curr5t d its "w2 t is1 />t+ ) ! batt]y z ! s\rce1 a wire leads ! curr5t f ! batt]y ?r\gh ! swit* to ! device to be op]at$1 & !n ! curr5t mu/ be l$ back to ! batt]y be=e x w d any "w4 ,x is n suffici5t simply to lead ! curr5t to ! device2 if !re is no way back to ! batt]y x w n get ev5 z f> z ! swit*4 ,x won't travel except on a r\nd-trip ticket4 ,9 look+ = tr\ble electrically ! fir/ ?+ to inspect is ! batt]y4 ,see t x is *>g$--has curr5t 9 x4 ,t c be det]m9$ by us+ a voltmet] 7= dry cells an ammet]7 or a hydromet]4 ,!n ea* successive t]m9al f ! batt]y %\ld be te/$4 ,= in/ance1 !re is a wire to ! light+ swit*4 ,x is insulat$ & ! fir/ place to te/ aft] mak+ sure t ! batt]y is ,o4 ,k4 is at ! swit*4 ,if !re is no curr5t !re ! wire may be brok5 or ! t]m9al connections poor2 b :atev] ! tr\ble may be1 y h n>r[$ x d[n to "o small /ret* ( wire4 ,! next /ep w\ld be to te/ :]e ! wire leaves ! swit* to g to ! device to be op]at$4 ,if ! curr5t gets to ! swit* & does n get out ( x1 x is app>5t t ! tr\ble is 9 ! swit*1 or if x gets to ! swit* b n ?r\gh ! fuse1 ! fuse is at fault4 ,if ! curr5t leaves ! fuse & does n get to ! lamp :i* ! swit* controls1 !n we "k t ! tr\ble is 9 t wire some:]e2 if x gets to ! lamp b ! lamp w n light1 we "k x is 9 ! lamp2 if we c trace x ?r\gh ! lamp1 b x does n rea* ! batt]y1 we "k t x is ! wire lead+ back to ! batt]y :i* is at fault4 ,if ! curr5t is c>ri$ back ?r\gh ! frame ( ! c>1 z is v (t5 ! case1 frequ5tly ! gr\nd connections are poor or !re is a break 9 ! gr\nd4 ,?us1 we might atta* a gr\nd wire to a piece ( iron on ! da%1 & if ?is is ( wood t piece ( iron might be insulat$ f ! rema9d] ( ! metal "w ( ! c> & ! gr\nd connection w\ld n be complete4 ,rec5tly ! au?or came across "s electrical tr\bles :i* 7 r my/]i\s to ! own]s ( ! c>s1 b prov$ to be simple "u sy/ematic se>*4 ,"o man work$ all ( "o ,sunday morn+1 ) ! help ( sev]al sympa!tic own] fri5ds try+ to f9d out :]e an extra wire on 8 swit* %\ld be connect$4 ,he c\ld n get ! eng9e />t$1 ! horn w\ld n bl[1 ! headlights w\ld n light1 ! />t+ motor w\ld n turn ov]1 b ! da% & tail lights1 :i* 7 9 s]ies1 did light4 ,a little exp]im5t develop$ ! fact t :5 ! />t+ p$al 0 depress$ ! da% light grew v dim4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 indicat$ t x 0 n possible to draw a v l>ge am\nt ( curr5t f ! batt]y1 or t ! batt]y 0 ei!r 9 a dis*>g$ condition1 or t ! connections lead+ f x 7 poor4 ,x 0 f\nd t :5 ! wire connect$ to ! batt]y t]m9al 0 mov$1 ! light w\ld bright5 up4 ,?is wire 0 disconnect$ & clean$ c>efully to make sure t ! contact 0 good4 ,:5 x 0 assembl$ aga9 no improvem5t 0 %[n1 s x 0 tak5 ap>t aga9 & a c>eful inspection %[$ t "o end ( ! tap] on ! inside ( ! t]m9al _h a slight %\ld]1 :i* prev5t$ ! tap] end ( ! wire f be+ drawn into place snugly4 ,!re=e a v light contact 0 made & suffici5t curr5t c\ld n pass to op]ate ! />t+ motor4 ,?is %\ld] 0 remov$ ) a p5knife & ! eng9e />t$ )\t difficulty4 ,sev]al h\rs' "t w\ld h be5 sav$ if ! own] _h />t$ to look = ! tr\ble at ! s\rce ( ! curr5t in/ead ( puzzl+ ov] ! end ( a wire t 0 n int5d$ to be connect$ to any?+ & _h no?+ to d ) ! tr\ble4 ,x 0 simply an extra wire = use if "s new device %\ld be in/all$4 ,a week lat] ?is same man 0 unable to />t 8 eng9e & aga9 work$ ov] x sev]al h\rs be=e call+ = help4 ,?is "t ! lights 7 all "r1 b ! eng9e w\ld n />t4 ,to det]m9e ! condition ( ! batt]y1 he turn$ on a light & depress$ ! />t] p$al z be=e1 to see if ! light w\ld dim v mu* "u ! heavy load2 z x did n1 x 0 decid$ t ! batt]y 0 all "r ?is "t4 ,! hood 0 op5 & x 0 obs]v$ t :5 ! />t] p$al 0 depress$ ! fan did n revolve & !re=e ! eng9e 0 n be+ turn$ ov]1 ?\gh "o c\ld he> ! />t+ motor buzz+ pla9ly4 ,?is %[$ t ! ov]runn+ clut* ( ! />t+ motor 0 slipp+4 ,z correct+ ?is tr\ble 0 a %op job1 !y crank$ ! eng9e ov] by h&1 b /ill x did n />t4 ,to make sure t a sp>k 0 be+ deliv]$1 ! wire lead+ f ! ignition coil to ! high t5sion di/ributor 0 disconnect$ & giv5 ab\t #a_/af in* gap4 ,z soon z ?is 0 done x 0 pla9 to see t a sp>k 0 be+ deliv]$1 & ! eng9e />t$ imm$iately also4 ,mak+ a slight gap 9 ! second>y circuit increases ! int5sity ( ! sp>k at ! plug & (t5 aids 9 />t+ a balky motor4 ,?is 0 an occasion :5 an outside sp>k gap 0 ( value4 ,aft] ! eng9e 0 w>m$ up1 x 0 />t$ sev]al times )\t difficulty4 ,ano!r fell[ :o 0 9 tr\ble _h a 8sick0 horn4 ,x s\nd$ l a man :o has a cold clogg+ 8 vocal organs--t is1 x gave a crack+ or rattl+ s\nd in/ead ( a musical note1 if ! s\nd ( a horn c be call$ musical4 ,?is type ( horn has a not*$ :eel :i* revolves & /rikes aga9/ an iron p9 rivet$ into a disc4 ,! disc 9 ?is way is made to vibrate1 giv+ ! desir$ s\nd4 ,an exam9ation %[$ t ! p9 _h become loose & rattl$4 ,x 0 expla9$ to ! own] :at ! tr\ble 0 & he 0 told t ! p9 0 ( h>d5$ /eel & z x 0 r difficult to rivet x1 x might loos5 up aga94 ,he repli$ t he w\ld n worry ab\t t1 because n[ t he knew :at ! tr\ble 0 he c\ld easily get x fix$ aga9 or replace x if necess>y4 ,ano!r fell[ _h a horn :i* w\ld n play because x _h become gr\nd$ & bl[n ! fuse4 ,! gr\nd 0 remov$1 b z no fuse c\ld be obta9$1 a s+le /r& ( v f9e wire f an ignition cable 0 sub/itut$ 9 place ( ! fuse4 ,?is wire 0 small en\gh to burn up be=e o!r %ort circuits c\ld d damage to batt]y or wir+4 ,/ill ano!r fell[ _h 8 c> laid up = a week :ile he tri$ to f9d out :at 0 ! matt] ) x4 ,he _h s5t magneto & coil to ! factory = repairs & :5 !y 7 return$ to him a new type ( coil 0 provid$4 ,he wir$ x up ! be/ he knew h[1 b ! eng9e w\ld n />t4 ,*eck+ ! wires ov] v c>efully1 !y seem$ to be plac$ prop]ly1 b a sp>k c\ld n be obta9$4 ,go+ to ! s\rce ( ! curr5t1 a te/ ( ! dry cells ) an ammet] %[$ t !y 7 dead4 ,! fell[ _h lo/ a week's use ( ! c> because1 hav+ decid$ t ! tr\ble 0 at ! magneto or coil1 he did n look any:]e else4 ,he %\ld h />t$ at ! batt]y to trace ! curr5t4 ,ano!r case :i* came "u notice 0 :]e "o ( ! headlights fail$ to light4 ,a te/ %[$ t ! curr5t came to ! lamp4 ,to make sure ! lamp 0 n at fault ! "o f ! opposite side 0 sub/itut$1 b x w\ld n light4 ,! lamp 0 gr\nd$ by an extra l5g? ( wire & x work$ all "r4 ,!n x 0 f\nd t ! gr\nd wire1 :i* 0 locat$ back ( ! reflector inside ! lamp1 _h become loose4 ,mo/ ( ^! tr\bles po9t to ! fact t a complete circuit is necess>y to h an electrical curr5t d its "w4 ,!re=e1 :5 tr\ble occurs1 ! s\rce ( ! curr5t %\ld be exam9$ fir/ & !n ! curr5t %\ld be trac$ ?r\gh its entire pa? lead+ f & return+ to ! batt]y4 ,x might be a good idea = ! own] on w9t] ev5+s to get out ! wir+ diagram ( 8 c> & trace ! curr5t f ! batt]y ?r\gh ea* light1 ?r\gh ! ignition sy/em1 ?r\gh ! horn1 & ?r\gh e o!r electrical device us$ on ! c>1 includ+ ! g5]ator & />t+ motor4 ,also x might be good practice = ! own] to c>ry 8 wir+ diagram ) him :5 t\r+1 s t ! g>age man1 if !re be tr\ble1 may be help$ to quickly locate x4 ,b if ! w9t] ev5+s be sp5t wisely 9 /udy+ ! electrical equipm5t1 or ev5 ! entire c>1 or p]haps inve/$ 9 a c\rse ( in/ruction at a good s*ool1 ! own] might be indep5d5t ( ! g>age man = ! mo/ "p & besides h ! satisfaction ( kn[+ t :5 any?+ does g wrong he c f9d x & 9 mo/ cases fix ! tr\ble4 ,! release f worry ought to be wor? ! "t sp5t 9 le>n+ h[4 ,,*apt] ,,xix ,,putt+ ,,! ,,kick ,,9 ,,! ,,sp>k ,motors are a good deal l m54 ,v _m ( !m1 :5 ev]y?+ is wide op5 & !y are hitt+ x up at top spe$1 h excell5t p]=mance1 b spit & sputt] & knock a bit :5 compell$ to travel at a less] pace4 ,?is is n moraliz+1 b ! natural d$uction f ! compla9ts :i* are con/antly receiv$4 ,a great _m driv]s want to "k :y x is !y _c ?rottle d[n ! eng9e2 !y say x w pull well at m$ium or high spe$1 b skips at ! l[] spe$s4 ,:]e magneto ignition is us$1 ?is (t5 may be ov]come by adju/+ ! int]rupt] po9ts = a little wid] gap4 ,t makes ! int]rupt] po9ts op5 a little e>li] & causes ! sp>k to occur :5 ! magneto armature is 9 a m favorable position1 & ! sp>k !re=e has m kick 9 x4 ,! int]rupt] po9ts usually are adju/$ = normal runn+ spe$1 or a little high] ?an m$ium spe$4 ,increas+ ! numb] ( revolutions p] m9ute ( ! armature causes a di/ortion ( ! magnetic field1 :i* t5ds to foll[ ! armature4 ,?is di/ortion is n s great at l[] spe$s4 ,to ov]come ! di/ortion1 :i* 9 effect twi/s ! field ar\nd s t ! po9ts d n op5 at ! p]iod ( greate/ curr5t pot5cy1 we mu/ *ange ! "t :5 ! po9ts op5 & cause ! sp>k2 !re=e1 to get ! be/ sp>k x is necess>y to h ! po9ts op5 e>li]4 ,wid5+ ! gap betwe5 ! po9ts accompli%es ?is4 ,if ! eng9e misses at high spe$1 close ! po9ts a little to make ! op5+ come lat] & :5 9 bett] armature position1 ! action be+ j ! rev]se ( ! =ego+ p>agraph4 ,wid5+ ! gap ( ! sp>k plug also w help to ov]come skipp+ at l[ spe$s4 ,at l[ spe$s a full *>ge ( gas is n drawn 9 & compression is l[ & temp]ature l[ 9 consequ5ce2 ! mixture is n s ne> ! self-ignition po9t :5 ! sp>k occurs z x is at high] spe$s4 ,!re=e a bett] sp>k is ne$$ to ignite x4 ,by wid5+ ! gap 9 ! plugs ! second>y curr5t is held back until x acquires high en\gh pot5tiality to jump ! great] gap2 s t :5 x does occur an exceptionally p[]ful sp>k is obta9$4 ,?is may be demon/rat$ ) ! use ( a vibrat+ coil4 ,set "o ( ! cyl9d]s on top ( compression ready to ignite4 ,turn on ! curr5t & :ile ! vibrator w buzz ! sp>k inside ! cyl9d] is n /rong en\gh to ignite ! *>ge4 ,n[ deta* ! sp>k-plug wire & hold x close to ! out] plug t]m9al & turn on ! curr5t4 ,! extra gap w increase ! /r5g? ( ! sp>k 9 t cyl9d] & x w ignite ! *>ge1 />t+ ! eng9e4 ,?is has l$ to ! use 9 "s cases1 ( outside sp>k gap atta*m5ts4 ,wid5+ ! gap & gett+ a long] sp>k is n :at ignites ! *>ge4 ,x is simply t ! great] gap causes ! curr5t to build up to a high] pressure1 or voltage1 be=e x w jump ! gap1 s t :5 x does occur x is ( great] int5sity4 ,!re are sev]al o!r ?+s ab\t sp>k+ n g5]ally und]/ood by ! novice4 ,! g5]al op9ion is t ! great] insulat+ surface ( a plug !re is inside ! cyl9d] ! less likelihood !re is ( %ort circuit+ & consequ5tly ! m c]ta9 w be ! sp>k occurr5ce4 ,?is is only p>tly true2 x is true s f> z %ort-circuit+ is conc]n$2 b :]e ! surface is too great & soot or c>bon is deposit$ ^u ! insulator surface1 ! c>bon acts z a cond5s] & absorbs ! second>y curr5t4 ,! effect is t x w n build up a suffici5tly high voltage to jump ! gap4 ,v heavy insulation on ! second>y wires absorbs curr5t 9 ! same way4 ,! fact t ! sp>k jumps across ! po9ts ( ! plug :5 x is 9 ! op5 air does n necess>ily mean t x jumps :5 ! po9ts are "u compression 9 runn+ conditions4 ,a curr5t :i* w cause a sp>k to jump a half-in* gap 9 ! op5 air1 w cause x to jump a gap ( only #a_/cb in* "u normal runn+ compression4 ,failure to appreciate ?is (t5 results 9 a man ?9k+ 8 ignition is all "r :5 !re may be a crack 9 ! insulation s small t x sc>cely c be se5 ) ! nak$ eye :5 clean+ ! plug1 or !re may be a por\s spot 9 ! porcela91 ei!r ( :i* w\ld leak curr5t "u compression4 ,_m manufactur]s te/ ! porcela9s to see if !y leak1 us+ a sp>k gap ( #c_/d in* "u a v high voltage4 ,if !re is c>bon on ! porcela91 ! curr5t v (t5 w travel ?r\gh ?is "u high compression1 because !re is less resi/ance (f]$ by ! c>bon ?an by ! sp>k gap4 ,x %ort-circuits ! plug & !re is no ignition4 ,yet1 :5 ?is same plug is remov$ & te/$ 9 ! op5 air1 !re w be a good sp>k2 ! resi/ance ( ! gap 9 ! op5 air w\ld be less ?an ! resi/ance (f]$ by a pa? ?r\gh ! c>bon coat+4 ,if on te/+ a plug 9 ?is way !re seems to be a good sp>k1 yet ! cyl9d] w n fire1 clean ! plug ?or\ghly & try x out 9 ! cyl9d]4 ,if x /ill does n fire1 try a plug :i* y "k is all "r & see if x fires4 ,if x does1 y may "k t ! old plug leaks curr5t someh[ & probably ne$s a new porcela94 ,x is a common error ) motori/s :5 clean+ a sp>k plug to poli% up ! po9ts & call x a job4 ,:at really is requir$ is to remove all ( ! c>bon1 :i* is a fair conductor ( electricity1 f ! porcela9 or mica & get ^! back into ! insulator class aga94 ,! conditions :i* all[ ! adju/m5t ( ! int]rupt] po9ts 9 magneto ignition to accommodate c]ta9 spe$s1 d n arise :5 batt]y ignition is us$4 ,batt]y int]rupt] po9ts are usually adju/$ = an op5+ ( #a_/fd in* & ! gap at ! sp>k-plug po9ts mu/ be great] usually ?an :5 magneto ignition is us$1 because ! sp>k giv5 by batt]y sy/ems is naturally ( less volume ?an t giv5 by ! magneto4 ,!re=e ! gap mu/ be great] to int5sify ! curr5t z be=e describ$4 ,! int]rupt] po9ts sometimes become coat$ ) an insulat+ glaze1 compos$ ( oxides & dirt hamm]$ by ! action ( ! movable int]rupt] po9t1 or hamm]4 ,! po9ts w h ! appe>ance ( be+ all "r2 !re w be no pits or po9ts2 nev]!less !re may be en\gh insulat+ mat]ial !re to keep ! curr5t f fl[+ & no sp>k w occur 9 consequ5ce4 ,! po9ts may be clean$ by ins]t+ a v ?9 file betwe5 ! po9ts :5 !y are op5 & !n all[+ !m to close on ! file1 be+ held toge!r ) no m pressure ?an ! spr+ ex]ts1 & work+ ! file back & =? until ! glaze is remov$4 ,x is necess>y to h a flat surface1 s t c>e 9 us+ ! file is ne$$1 &1 z plat9um is m valuable ?an gold at pres5t1 x w be app>5t t z little fil+ z possible %\ld be done4 ,! cond5s] is ano!r po9t ( possible tr\ble4 ,! cond5s] increases ! volume ( ! sp>k ab\t tw5ty-five times4 ,we (t5 f9d t a v weak sp>k may be caus$ by a p>tial break+ d[n ( ! cond5s]1 or occasionally to ! fact t x is disconnect$ at ! t]m9al4 ,cond5s]s are usually hidd5 away s t ! novice _c locate tr\bles ( ?is nature1 b an excessive sp>k+ at ! int]rupt] or vibrator po9ts1 ) a v weak sp>k at ! plug po9ts1 indicates t ! cond5s] is n work+ prop]ly4 ,:5 ?is sp>k+ occurs h an exp]t exam9e ! cond5s] = tr\ble4 ,,*apt] ,,xx ,,:at',s ,,! ,,tr\ble ,,) ,,my ,,batt]y8 ,) ! com+ ( ! %ort] days 9 ! ye> a frequ5t compla9t to g>age man & batt]y or electric-sy/em exp]t has to d ) ! batt]y1 ?\gh 9 n9e times out ( t5 ! man ) ! kick does n "k t x is ! batt]y4 ,he w talk ab\t ! lights fail+ e once 9 a :ile1 or ! horn refus+ to honk on dem&4 ,b 9 ! majority ( cases x is ! batt]y :i* is at fault4 ,x is m difficult to keep ! batt]y *>g$ at t "t ( ! ye> ?an x is 9 ! summ]4 ,! reason is t ! sun sets e>li]1 & j z our electric light & gas bills m\nt at home1 because we light ! lamps e>li]1 s x is ) ! auto4 ,! driv] :o obeys ! law uses m curr5t4 ,"o compla9t came f an own] :o 0 exp]i5c+ tr\ble ) 8 electric plant4 ,! lights w\ld n "w "r :5 he 0 runn+4 ,/>t+ out !re 0 light1 b aft] runn+ a %ort "t !re 0 tr\ble4 ,! lamps 7 fitt$ ) dimm]s & ^! w\ld n "w at all times2 sometimes "o w\ld light & ! o!r fail4 ,he w5t to ! g>age repair man & !n ! dimm]s w\ld n "w at all4 ,he w5t to an exp]t electrician1 :o look$ ov] ! batt]y & decl>$ x to be all "r1 b on ! gr\nd t he 0 a batt]y exp]t & n a wir+ exp]t he c\ld n say :y ! lights w\ld n %9e & ! own] _h visions ( /]n policem5 & ! possibility ( hav+ to face a traffic judge1 & he s\ght advice else:]e4 ,9 ! meantime 8 tr\bles multipli$4 ,! horn--electric--refus$ to honk at times & got s t x work$ only aft] ! c> _h be5 runn+ half an h\r or s4 ,?is 0 ! case ! writ] 0 ask$ to diagnose4 ,:ile try+ to det]m9e ! cause1 que/ions ask$ develop$ t ! own] 0 employ$ dur+ mo/ ( ! day & only ran 8 c> nights1 except t he 0 mak+ long trips on ,saturday & ,sunday1 & ran q late into ! night bo? days4 ,dur+ ! week nights 8 trips 7 %ort1 ) num]\s /ops4 ,?is caus$ frequ5t use ( ! self-/>t]4 ,he f\nd x took long] to />t ! c>1 a natural result ( ! cool] wea!r4 ,illu/ration3 ,,!n ,,he ,,w5t ,,to ,,s*ool ,,to ,,le>n ,,"s ,,m ,,ab\t ,,8 ,,c> ,^! facts sugge/$ t ! batt]y 0 be+ />v$2 t is1 t x 0 n gett+ en\gh *>ge to keep x at its be/4 ,!re seem$ to be no tr\ble ) ! wir+ & ! own] 0 told he _h bett] h ! batt]y *>g$ & see if 8 tr\bles did n end4 ,!y did4 ,!n he w5t to s*ool to le>n "s m ab\t 8 c>4 ,8 tr\ble 0 t he did mo/ ( 8 runn+ at night & z he c>efully obs]v$ ! spe$ laws1 consequ5tly ! g5]ator did n g5]ate v mu* extra curr5t & ! batt]y 0 be+ re*>g$ at a v l[ rate & be+ dis*>g$ at a r high rate4 ,9 o!r words1 he 0 *opp+ (f bo? ends--burn+ bo? ends ( 8 c&le4 ,he 0 us+ an excessive am\nt ( curr5t & g5]at+ less ?an usual because ( runn+ at night1 />t+ (t51 & runn+ sl[ to obs]ve ! spe$ laws4 ,up to a c]ta9 po9t1 ! am\nt ( curr5t :i* goes into ! batt]y is increas$ 9 proportion to ! spe$ ( ! c>4 ,g5]ators are con/ruct$ s t !y w deliv] a normal *>ge to ! batt]y = normal runn+2 !y mu/ n be con/ruct$ s !y w s5d out excessive curr5t1 or !y w ov]*>ge ! batt]y1 & t is h>mful4 ,! sun sets mu* e>li] 9 w9t] & ! cool wea!r makes x necess>y to use ! />t] m4 ,9 w>m wea!r "o little kick w />t ! c> (f2 9 cold wea!r x takes (t5 f half a m9ute to a m9ute4 ,mo/ eng9es n[ are equipp$ ) c>buretor *eck & prim+ devices to facilitate />t+ :5 ! eng9e is cold1 b ev5 ) ^! m curr5t is consum$ 9 />t+ ! eng9e ?an :5 x is w>m4 ,!n1 too1 ! /orage batt]y drops (f 9 effici5cy z ! temp]ature is l[]$ & w n deliv] s mu* curr5t on a full *>ge z at a high] temp]ature4 ,?is comes at a "t :5 !re is a great] call on ! batt]y1 & :]e a batt]y fails "u su* circum/ances1 x is wise to get an occasional *>ge to help out ! g5]ator4 ,x is becom+ ! practice to take all curr5t = lights1 ignition1 & o!r purposes direct f ! batt]y1 us+ a g5]ator to re*>ge x4 ,inside ( a ye> at ! mo/ ! bottom ( ! batt]y w become fill$ ) a s$im5t f ! plates4 ,?is causes an int]nal %ort circuit & ! batt]y w dis*>ge itself inside in/ead ( outside4 ,at lea/ once a ye> a batt]y %\ld be tak5 ap>t & ! s$im5t be clean$ out4 ,"s g5]ators are con/ruct$ s t !y c be adju/$ to deliv] m curr5t on dem&2 t is1 !re is "o adju/m5t = summ] & "o = w9t] runn+4 ,:]ev] x is possible to d ?is x %\ld be done4 ,o!rwise1 :5 a batt]y loses voltage1 x c be tak5 (f ! c> & be *>g$4 ,x ne$ n be necess>y to leave x = a tw5ty-h\r *>g+ p]iod2 if tak5 soon en\gh x c be *>g$ 9 six to t5 h\rs1 or1 :5 ! c> is laid up ov] night4 ,two nights w\ld be en\gh at any rate4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 9 self-/>t] practice1 ev]y?+ is done to ! /orage batt]y t =m]ly 0 includ$ 9 ! li/ ( batt]y 8don'ts40 ,on acc\nt ( ! exceptional dem&s ( self-/>t]s1 batt]ies h be5 improv$ s t !y /& ?is to "s ext5t2 b ! improvem5t has n kept pace ) ! extra dem& put ^u ! batt]y4 ,"s ( ! old 8don'ts0 are3 ,y %\ld n *>ge ! batt]y at a high rate :5 completely dis*>g$4 ,x %\ld n be *>g$ at a high rate :5 almo/ fully *>g$4 ,x %\ld n be ov]*>g$ too (t52 occasional ov]*>ge is good1 b n too (t54 ,x %\ld n be dis*>g$ at a v high rate4 ,mo/ self-/>t]s are ( ! two-unit type2 !y h a g5]ator = re*>g+ ! batt]y & a motor = crank+ ! eng9e4 ,9 o!r self-/>t]s ! two units are comb9$2 ! same in/rum5t1 :5 curr5t is f$ to x f ! batt]y1 kicks (f ! motor & :5 driv5 by ! eng9e acts z a g5]ator4 ,:5 self-/>t]s 7 fir/ introduc$ !y _h all sorts ( devices to (fset ! high-curr5t dem& & regulators & cut\ts to comply ) ! batt]y-mak]s' directions 9 re*>g+4 ,^! devices 7 complicat$ & c\ld n be dep5d$ ^u1 & consequ5tly 7 discont9u$1 & x 0 put up to ! batt]y to /& ! abnormal conditions4 ,! batt]y mak]s h be5 try+ to (fset ?is & to a c]ta9 ext5t h succe$$1 b z x is directly aga9/ =m] practice--= e "o ( ! 8don'ts0 is disreg>d$ 9 self-/>t] sy/ems--! mak]s h n be5 able to rectify conditions entirely4 ,on acc\nt ( ^! conditions ! life ( a /orage batt]y may be consid]$ to be ab\t "o & a half ye>s1 & if x la/s z long z t x is consid]$ to h done its "w & to be entitl$ to be retir$4 ,b if y\r batt]y seems to fail ) ! com+ ( %ort & cool days1 d n disc>d x until y h tri$ hav+ x re*>g$1 = possibly y h simply be5 ov]work+ x & n fe$+ x en\gh curr5t to keep x 9 condition4 ,,*apt] ,,xxi ,,:y ,,ge>s ,,/rip ,"s ( ! mo/ unnecess>y & exp5sive repairs to an automobile are ^? connect$ ) its transmission4 ,x is n only exasp]at+1 b unnecess>y to be told t ! ge>s ( y\r c> are /ripp$1 or t ! tee? are brok5 s t smoo? runn+ is impossible1 if inde$ ! c> c be run at all4 ,x is n 9 ! p]man5t me% ge>s1 :]e %aft motion is turn$ into axle motion1 t ! tr\ble comes4 ,prop]ly set & pack$ ! re> axle ge>s nev] %\ld make tr\ble4 ,b x is 9 ! %ift+ ge>s ( ! transmission1 :]e ge>s come to me% at v>y+ rates ( spe$1 & ) ! numb] ( revolutions1 load1 & sev]al o!r ?+s to complicate ! situation1 t !re is we> & te>--l>gely te>4 ,if an automobile c\ld run at an unv>y+ rate ( spe$1 if !re 7 no hills :i* require ! translation ( spe$ into p[]1 or if ! eng9e controls alone c\ld give suffici5t spe$ regulation to cov] ! em]g5cies con/antly aris+1 ! transmission might be simplifi$ into a m]e c\pl+ & rev]se4 ,b simplify z y w1 !re mu/ be provision = v>y+ spe$s & ^! mu/ be atta9$ :ile ! c> is 9 motion1 & ?is means ! me%+ toge!r ( f9ely built ge>s revolv+ s fa/ ! tee? _c be se54 ,x is no novelty to he> a gr9d+ or cla%+ )9 ! c> :5 a c>eless *auffeur />ts1 or :5 he *anges f "o spe$ to ano!r4 ,if ! own] knew :at 0 go+ on inside to make all t noise1 a new *auffeur w\ld h a job quickly & !re w\ld be laid d[n />t+1 spe$+1 sl[+ d[n1 & /opp+ rules z /r+5t z ^? ( ! traffic policeman4 ,! illu/ration gives ! me*anism ( a simple transmission ge> case4 ,! eng9e %aft ,j has on ! end a ge> :eel ,a1 & on ! face ( ! ge> are f\r engag+ tee? ,i4 ,! end ( ! %aft ,j is holl[ & 9 ?is revolves "o end ( ! transmission %aft ,k1 :i* is squ>e4 ,on x are two ge> :eels ( v>y+ size1 ,d & ,e1 "o hav+1 say1 ?irty tee? & ! o!r =ty4 ,! small] is yok$ to ! l>g] & bo? slide along ! squ>e %aft :5 mov$ by a lev]4 ,! ge> ,d has on its face engag+ tee? ,i1 correspond+ to ^? on ! eng9e %aft ge> ,a1 & :5 ! two are engag$ ! transmission %aft revolves at ! same spe$ z ! eng9e %aft1 giv+ ! highe/ spe$ ( :i* ! c> is capable4 ,illu/ration ,to provide = v>y+ spe$s1 ano!r %aft is susp5d$ 9 ! transmission case1 on :i* are o!r ge>s4 ,if ge> ,a has tw5ty tee?1 ,b w h1 say1 =ty4 ,?is r$uces ! motion ( ! ge> %aft to "o-half t ( ! eng9e %aft4 ,f>!r along ! ge> %aft1 ge> ,f1 ) tw5ty tee?1 engages ge> ,e ) =ty1 fur!r r$uc+ ! spe$1 s t ! transmission %aft revolves "o-f\r? z fa/ z ! eng9e %aft1 mak+ ! l[ ge>1 or sl[e/ spe$4 ,:5 ! c> is /&+1 ( c\rse1 ge>s ,e & ,f are n engag$1 b ! eng9e is runn+ 9 neutral--t is1 no ge> on ! transmission %aft is engag$1 ge> ,e be+ %ift$ j f> en\gh to miss ge> ,f4 ,to />t1 x is cu/om>y to disconnect ! eng9e & move ! lev] s t ge>s ,e & ,f engage4 ,if ! spe$ ( ! eng9e %aft be #fjj r4p4m4 t ( ge> ,f w\ld be #cjj r4p4m41 or #fjjj tee? pass a giv5 po9t p] m9ute 7#cjj #bj7--some?+ ( a buzz-saw motion4 ,into ?is revolv+ mass ( tee? ! =ty tee? ( ge> ,e1 :i* is at re/1 mu/ p5etrate & me%4 ,x does n require mu* ( a me*anic to see t ! me%+ mu/ be q p]fect or !re w\ld be a cla% & gr9d t does no good to delicate ma*9]y4 ,s x is good practice to all[ en\gh "t aft] ! clut* is releas$ = ! mov+ %aft to come to re/4 ,once ! c> is "u way & x is desir$ to increase ! spe$1 ! lev] is %ov$ =w>d1 mov+ ! transmission ge>s =w>d until ge> ,d engages ge> ,c4 ,^! are ! same size & h1 say1 ?irty tee? ea*4 ,b !y are n mov+ at ! same spe$4 ,ge> ,c1 revolv+ at #cjj r4p4m4 puts #ijjj tee? p] m9ute pa/ ! engag+ po9t1 :ile ge> ,d1 mov+ at #aej r4p4m4 puts j #dejj ar\nd p] m9ute4 ,! diff]5ce ( #dejj repres5ts ! possibilities ( cla%+ & break+ or /ripp+ ! ge>4 ,! wise *auffeur j at ! in/ant ( %ift+ ! ge>1 w\ld ?rottle d[n 8 eng9e "o-half & br+ ! numb] ( revolutions ( ! ge> %aft to approximately t ( ! transmission %aft1 :i* is kept 9 motion by ! mom5tum ( ! c>4 ,he also w hesitate 9 ! %ift--t is1 /op = an in/ant 9 neutral be=e complet+ ! %ift1 to all[ = adju/m5t4 ,x is possible 9 ?is way to less5 ! diff]5ce 9 tee? spe$4 ,if x 7 possible to make bo? ge>s revolve at exactly ! same spe$ ! %ift w\ld be noiseless & frictionless4 ,?is is practically impossible 9 actual runn+1 ?\gh 9 !ory x c be done4 ,b !y may be br\ght ne> en\gh to m9imize ! cla%4 ,9 %ift+ to high spe$ f m$ium1 ! eng9e %\ld be ?rottl$ m closely & ! %ift lev] %\ld hesitate aga91 if "o w\ld avoid ! ?ump & j]k commonly felt :5 ! high ge> is ?r[n 94 ,! engag+ tee? ( ge>s ,a & ,d w /& a sl$ge-hamm] bl[1 b 8con/ant tapp+ we>s away ! h>de/ rock10 y "k1 & ! be/ ge>s made we> & break4 ,besides !re is ! j> to eng9e & c> to consid]4 ,con/ant j]k+ & jump+ rack ! me*anism1 *assis1 & body & %ort5 ! life ( ea*1 s t economy1 if n com=t1 w\ld seem to dictate c>e by ! driv]4 ,9 rev]s+ ! op]ation--t is1 go+ f high to m$ium & m$ium to l[1 "o ne$s to rev]se ! directions giv5 = increas+ spe$4 ,/ill assum+ ! eng9e %aft to be runn+ #fjj r4p4m41 ge> ,d w\ld h t spe$ & w\ld ?r[ #ah1jjj tee? p] m9ute 7#fjj #cj71 :ile ge> ,c1 z be=e1 w\ld be go+ at #ijjj tee? p] m9ute 7#cjj #cj74 ,x w\ld !re=e be wise to /op 9 neutral1 engag+ ! clut* to spe$ ! eng9e up1 & !n release ! clut* be=e engag+ ! l[] ge>1 br++ ge> ,c to some:]e ne> ! spe$ ( ge> ,d4 ,9 practice x is approximat$ by n releas+ ! clut* fully :5 *ang+ to l[] ge>1 ?us prev5t+ ! clut* f r$uc+ its spe$4 ,to accompli% ?is spe$ily1 h[ev]1 ! c> spe$ mu/ be r$uc$ consid]ably be=e attempt+ to make ! %ift4 ,go+ on to l[e/ spe$1 ge> ,e w\ld n[ be mov+ at #cjj r4p4m4 & ge> ,f at #cjj r4p4m41 b ge> ,e's =ty tee? move at #ab1jjj p] m9ute & ge> ,f's tw5ty tee? at #fjjj p4m41 to correct :i* "o %\ld spe$ up ! eng9e1 or *eck ! c>1 9 ! same mann] z j describ$4 ,9 rev]s+1 to back ! c>1 ! ge> op]ation int5sifies ! problem4 ,9 ! illu/ration1 ge> ,g op]ates ge> ,h con/antly1 ! action be+ to rev]se ! motion 9 ! latt]1 & :5 ge> ,e engages ge> ,h to rev]se ! motion ( ! transmission %aft & ?us back ! c>4 ,9 addition to ! diff]5ce 9 spe$ & v>iance ( tee? revolutions1 !re is add$ ! contr>y direction ( ! two ge>s :i* are to engage4 ,to ?r[ back on rev]se ev5 at mod]ate spe$ m5aces ! ge>s & %akes ?+s up uncom=tably4 ,=tunately x is almo/ inv>iably necess>y to fully /op ! c> be=e rev]s+1 & necessity ( caution 9 back+ prompts v l[ spe$ ?r\gh\t ! op]ation4 ,c>e 9 op]at+ ! ge>s w add mu* to ! life ( ! c> & to ! pleasure ( ! own]1 & *auffeurs %\ld be in/ruct$ 9 ! prop] h&l+ ( ! spe$ & rev]se lev]s4 ,x racks "o's n]ves :5 rid+ to he> ge>s cla% & gr9d on a pass+ c>1 & _m ( ! taxis seem to h ?is tr\ble4 ,! *auffeurs run ! c>s on a slap-da% me?od & disreg>d ( ! ge>s is a "p ( x all1 b x co/s ! own] mu* 9 upkeep & r5ewals4 ,,*apt] ,,xxii ,,! ,,ge>-,,%ift+ ,,bugaboo ,probably ! *ief bugaboo ( ! new own] is ge> %ift+4 ,?is is evid5t f ! fact t ! av]age motor-driv+ novice w leave ! ge> 9 high :5 ! c> is sl[$ d[n practically to a /&/ill1 & make ! eng9e labor 9 ord] to pick up spe$ aga91 r ?an run ! risk ( mak+ a noisy %ift4 ,he has le>n$ f 8 brief exp]i5ce t1 9 addition to ! noise he creates1 he does n me% ! ge>s anyway1 & has to />t (f f a /&/ill4 ,consequ5tly he does n %ift ge>s1 b makes ! eng9e />t on high-spe$ ge>4 ,?is1 no d\bt1 is ! cause 9 a l>ge measure ( ! great popul>ity ( six-1 eight-1 & twelve-cyl9d] eng9es1 s9ce ) motors ( ?is type ! ge> %ift is n s necess>y4 ,!re is a great] range ( spe$2 a great] flexibility & p[] may be deliv]$ at l[] spe$4 ,ev5 ! manufactur]s ( f\r-cyl9d] eng9es h design$ _! motors = high] spe$ ) great] ge> r$uction1 :i* makes x easi] = ! eng9e to pick up ! load f ! v l[e/ spe$1 consequ5tly mak+ ! c> m popul> ) ! prospective own]4 ,inv5tors are cont9ually at "w try+ to devise simple me?ods ( br++ ab\t an adju/m5t ( load to spe$ )\t actually slid+ ! ge>s into me%1 & "o v popul> type ( c> is arrang$ s t no slid+ ( ge>s is necess>y1 & ano!r "o or two leave out ! ge>s entirely4 ,h[ev]1 ! ?ree-spe$ slid+-ge> transmission seems to be ! mo/ satisfactory1 consid]$ f all /&po9ts1 includ+ co/ ( manufacture1 ease ( repair & c>e requir$1 consequ5tly ! own] %\ld le>n at once h[ to manipulate ! ge> lev] ) a m9imum ( noise1 :i* is l>gely a matt] ( practice4 ,if a man %\ld get into a /range c> he c\ld h>dly be expect$ to %ift ! ge>s noiselessly "u all conditions2 b a man :o owns a c> & drives x %\ld v quickly le>n ! peculi>ities ( t p>ticul> c> & be able to make ! requir$ ge> %ifts ) ease & confid5ce4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cyl9d] ,,( ,,/eel1 ,,& ,,! ,,ge> ,,:eel ,,:i* ,,0 ,,hamm]$ ,,f ,,x ,%ift+ ge>s at ! prop] "t saves rack+ ! entire me*anism ( ! c>4 ,x usually is n v difficult 9 ! av]age c> to %ift to a high] ge>1 al?\gh "s c> own]s manage to /ir up consid]able noise 9 do+ ?is4 ,"o ( ! s\rces ( tr\ble 9 ?is respect is a dragg+ clut*4 ,b mo/ c>s n[ are equipp$ ) a clut* brake1 & by depress+ ! p$al f> en\gh ?is brake is br\ght into play & ov]comes ! t5d5cy to drag4 ,usually ! be/ results c be obta9$ 9 %ift+ f fir/ to second ge> by spe$+ ! c> up a v little on fir/1 %ift+ out ( fir/ & hesitat+ an in/ant 9 neutral & !n %ift+ into second4 ,unless ! clut*-brake action is h>% ! clut* p$al %\ld be depress$ all ! way 9 mak+ ?is %ift4 ,! proc$ure is ! same 9 %ift+ f second to ?ird4 ,c>e %\ld be ex]cis$1 h[ev]1 n to spe$ ! c> up too mu* be=e %ift+1 & ! ?rottle %\ld be 9 clos$ position & ! accel]ator p$al releas$ dur+ ! "t ( ! %ift4 ,*ang+ f high to a l[] ge> is :]e ! mo/ ( ! tr\ble is exp]i5c$ & ?is is usually due to ! fact t ! c> is be+ driv5 at p]haps tw5ty-five to ?irty miles an h\r & ! driv] = "s reason or o!r ?9ks he is go+ to h use = ! second spe$4 ,imm$iately he proce$s to %ift2 ! result is audible = half a mile4 ,usually no difficulty w\ld be exp]i5c$ 9 %ift+ to a l[] ge> if ! c> spe$ is dim9i%$ suffici5tly4 ,z a g5]al rule1 :5 %ift+ to a l[] ge> ! spe$ ( ! c> %\ld be a little less ?an :5 %ift+ to a high]1 betwe5 ! same relative ge>s4 ,9 ord9>y driv+ ! ge> ne$ n be %ift$ to fir/ spe$ except :5 ! c> is br\ght to a /&/ill & on a level road ! second-spe$ ge> ne$ n be employ$ until a spe$ z l[ z five to t5 miles an h\r is rea*$4 ,! ge> %\ld be %ift$ :5 ! c> spe$ has be5 decreas$ to ?is ext5t1 & ! driv] %\ld gu>d aga9/ %ift+ be=e sl[+ d[n simply because 8 judgm5t tells him he is go+ to h to use a l[] ge>1 if he desires to make a sil5t %ift4 ,!re is a t5d5cy to anticipate ! necessity & !n to d x imm$iately & be=e x is requir$2 ! consequ5ce is noise4 ,:5 climb+ /eep hills x is desirable to make ! %ift at a little high] c> spe$ ?an on ! level1 o!rwise ! c> may lose s mu* mom5tum dur+ ! op]ation t ! eng9e w be unable to pick up ! load & w /all4 ,?is is a r difficult situation :i* ne$s special h&l+4 ,9 a great _m cases a sil5t %ift may be made on a hill by leav+ ! ?rottle slightly op5 s t ! eng9e spe$ w increase :5 ! clut* is releas$ & make a v quick %ift ) ! clut* b p>tly releas$4 ,aft] ! driv] becomes a little exp]i5c$ he may %ift f ?ird to second )\t s\nd at practically any c> spe$ t ! eng9e is able to deliv] on second ge>4 ,?is may ev5 be f\nd ( value :5 climb+ /eep hills & 9 anticipat+ necess>y %ifts4 ,to make ?is %ift at high spe$1 release ! clut*1 %ift ge> lev] to neutral not*1 engage clut*1 & accel]ate eng9e spe$ to a po9t :i* exp]i5ce tells y is ! correct eng9e spe$ = second ge> at t c> spe$1 dis5gage clut* & %ift into second4 ,?is is a matt] = exp]im5t & exp]i5ce4 ,9 />t+ ! c> gr9d+ ( ! ge>s occurs because ! own] has n pati5ce to wait ! five seconds t may be necess>y = ! clut* to /op sp9n+ be=e me%+ ! ge>s4 ,ano!r s\rce ( annoyance :i* (t5 leads up to a noisy ge> *ange1 comes f ! fact t occasionally x is n possible to br+ ! fir/-spe$ ge>s into me% :5 ab\t to />t ! c>4 ,?is is due to ! fact t ! ge> tee? l9e up s t ! ge>s _c be slid into me%4 ,?is may be ov]come by leav+ ! lev] 9 neutral1 engag+ ! clut* s t "o ge> w sp91 & !n dis5gage ! clut* aga9 be=e %ift+ ! lev]4 ,x may ne$ "o or two repetitions ( ?is be=e accompli%+ ! desir$ result1 b a little pati5ce w save /ra9 on ! ge> & a m9imum ( noise 9 %ift+4 ,a noiseless %ift _c be made f fir/ to rev]se or rev]se to fir/ unless ! c> is at a /&/ill4 ,,*apt] ,,xxiii ,,! ,,muffl] ,mu* despis$1 dete/$ by _m automobile op]ators & neglect$ by almo/ e *auffeur1 & ev5 8cut out0 altoge!r :5 ! traffic policeman is n ar\nd1 ! muffl] pla9ly ought n to be s treat$4 ,x is des]v+ ( c>eful consid]ation e once 9 a :ile1 if ! own] c>es mu* = effici5cy & economy 9 op]ation4 ,! muffl] is locat$ "u ! c>1 & be+ out ( sight is usually out ( m9d4 ,x is !re=e (t5 neglect$ or misus$4 ,& yet x ought n to be4 ,! muffl] is plac$ on ! end ( ! exhau/ pipe1 & its sole purpose is to sil5ce ! exhau/ ( ! eng9e s t ! driv] ( an automobile :ile tak+ pleasure himself does n :olly deprive o!rs ( x4 ,let u consid] ! use ( ! muffl]4 ,! exhau/ valve op5s :ile ! burn$ gas is /ill "u a pressure ( f tw5ty-five to ?irty p\nds p] squ>e in*4 ,if ?is 7 exhau/$ directly into ! air ! result+ noise w\ld /ifle conv]sation 9 ! c>1 annoy ev]ybody along ! /reet1 & quickly get ! driv] into tr\ble ) ! police4 ,! muffl] prev5ts all ?is4 ,x provides a *amb] 9 :i* ^! exhau/ gases may exp& & cool some:at & at ! same "t breaks up ! pressure by all[+ x to leak out sl[ly ?r\gh a numb] ( v small holes1 in/ead ( lett+ x loose 9 "o 8big noise40 ,9 ! e>ly hi/ory ( ! automobile1 muffl]s 7 n us$ & ev]ybody = blocks ar\nd knew :5 an auto 0 com+4 ,z ! automobiles increas$ 9 numb] ?is became a nuisance & 0 /opp$ by law4 ,!n !y s\ght--inde$ _h be5 seek+--a means ( /ifl+ ! s\nd4 ,9 ! e>ly muffl] !re 0 tr\ble because ! gas w\ld back up 9 ! cyl9d] & decrease ! p[] ( ! motor4 ,x 0 ?\ght !re 0 no way to decrease ! s\nd )\t decreas+ ! p[]2 !re=e ! manufactur]s devis$ a valve to 8cut out0 ! muffl] on ! c> :5ev] extra p[] 0 desir$4 ,sometimes ! back pressure 0 s great z to int]f]e :5 driv+ ?r\gh heavy roads or up hills4 ,! 8cut-out0 let ! gas exhau/ directly into ! air in/ead ( go+ ?r\gh ! muffl]4 ,at ! pres5t "t ne>ly e city has a law prohibit+ ! use ( 8cut-outs40 ,z a matt] ( fact ^? well po/$ on automobile eng9es und]/& to-day t ! 8cut-out0 is absolutely unnecess>y on a mod]n c> if ! muffl] is kept 9 prop] condition4 ,muffl] manufactur]s h be5 able to produce a design ) :i* !re is no back pressure at all4 ,= ?is reason manufactur]s disc\rage ! use ( ! 8cut-out0 on _! c>s & "s ( !m w no long] in/all "o except z an 8extra40 ,! av]age driv]1 h[ev]1 does n "k t 8 muffl] ne$s z c>eful att5tion z any o!r "p ( ! me*anism & s he neglects x4 ,9 ^! days ( noiseless c>s x requires a great numb] ( v small holes inside ! muffl]4 ,^! become clogg$ ) soot or c>bon f ! exhau/4 ,! deposit collects v rapidly1 especially :5 ! grade ( oil us$ is poor or too mu* oil is us$4 ,x also results :5 ! c>buretor is adju/$ to give too ri* a mixture4 ,:5 ^! small op5+s become clogg$1 ! exhau/ gases _c escape readily & naturally ! cyl9d] ( ! eng9e is n clean$ at ! exhau/ /roke4 ,result3 ,x is impossible to br+ 9 a full cyl9d] ( new gas on ! next intake /roke4 ,!re is n a full *>ge to explode & ?is means a loss ( p[] to ! eng9e4 ,cases are kn[n :]e ! ?rottle 0 op5$ wide )\t any increase 9 p[]4 ,try+ to f9d out :at ! matt] 0 ! driv] op5$ ! 8cut-out0 & ?is caus$ ! ma*9e to accel]ate v rapidly4 ,9 o!r cases :5 ! eng9e 0 crank$1 !re w\ld be a few explosions1 a sputt] & a /op1 & ! reason 0 t ! muffl] 0 s clogg$ t x 0 impossible to exhau/ ! gas f ^! few explosions1 ! cyl9d] rema9$ full ( burn$ gas1 &1 ( c\rse1 c\ld n take 9 a fur!r supply4 ,^!1 ( c\rse1 are extreme cases1 b ! writ] _h ?is exp]i5ce n long ago3 ,he 0 rid+ 9 a c> t c\ld h>dly make headway aga9/ a /rong w9d bl[+4 ,?is meant frequ5t use ( ! second-spe$ ge>1 :i* 9 itself causes an undue use ( gasol9e4 ,he f\nd on exp]im5t+ t ! muffl] 8cut-out0 p$al c\ld be us$ 9 place ( ! accel]ator p$al2 t is1 :5 ! muffl] 8cut-out0 0 op5 ! eng9e _h consid]able m p[] & imm$iately spe$$ up4 ,9 fact1 he kept ! 8cut-out0 op5 mo/ ( ! way home & _h no m tr\ble 9 buck+ ! headw9d4 ,! exp]i5ce l$ to ! discov]y t ! muffl] 0 almo/ totally clogg$ ) c>bon4 ,( c\rse1 :]e ! eng9e is /opp$ or !re is a decid$ decrease 9 p[]1 ! own] w hunt = ! tr\ble1 & f9d x1 p]haps1 9 ! muffl]4 ,he might n notice less s]i\s cases :]e1 :ile ! muffl] is some:at clogg$1 x does n decrease ! p[] /rik+ly2 b ev5 9 ^! less s]i\s cases x w (t5 be f\nd t ! p[] ( ! motor may be mat]ially increas$ by hav+ ! muffl] clean$4 ,yet x is seldom done1 ev5 :5 ! c> is suppos$ to be ov]haul$ completely4 ,_m driv]s seem to ?9k ! muffl] c take c>e ( itself4 ,9 look+ ov] ! inspection c>d ( a well-kn[n make ( c> x 0 f\nd t no provision 0 made = ev5 look+ at ! muffl]4 ,! s]vice-/ation inspection ord]s conta9 no m5tion ( ! muffl]4 ,!re is /ill ano!r cause ( ! clogg+ ( ! muffl] ) c>bon1 & t is ! practice ( putt+ k]os5e 9 ! cyl9d]s to clean !m4 ,! k]os5e cleans ! c>bon f ! cyl9d] walls & t is :at makes ! tr\ble1 = x is exhau/$ "r into ! muffl]4 ,"s driv]s und]/& ?is & :5 us+ k]os5e = ?is purpose op5 ! muffl] 8cut-out02 ?is all[s ! dis*>ge ( ! great] "p ( ! c>bon into ! air1 b ev5 !n "s ( x f9ds its way into ! muffl] & 9 "t makes tr\ble4 ,a muffl] ( mod]n design1 if kept clean1 ne$s no 8cut-out0 arrangem5t1 b if x becomes clogg$ x is necess>y to use a 8cut-out0 :5 ! full p[] ( ! eng9e is ne$$4 ,! consequ5ce may be a trip to ! police /ation & !n to ! c\rt & !n a f9e to be paid4 ,x is evid5t1 !re=e1 t if "o wi%es to get p[] out ( 8 c> on an economical basis & wi%es to escape f9es1 he %\ld look aft] 8 muffl]4 ,s9ce in/ruction books1 & ev5 s]vice-/ation inspection *>ts d n say mu* ab\t ! muffl]1 & s9ce x is evid5t t x has an important "p 9 ! op]ation ( ! c>1 :]e ! own] does n f9d suffici5t in=mation conc]n+ x f ! in/ruction books furni%$ him1 he w\ld bett] ask ! ag5cy to furni% him a special muffl] pamphlet1 :i* w %[ its con/ruction & c>e4 ,,*apt] ,,xxiv ,,y\r ,,be>+s ,ev] /op to c\nt up h[ _m be>+s !re are ab\t y\r c>8 ,if y hav5't1 y are likely to lose y\r be>+s :ile y hunt = ! sev]al hundr$ be>+ po9ts ( ! mod]n automobile4 ,a be>+ is a support = a mov+ memb]1 s design$ z to m9imize friction & receive we>1 & to p]mit ( f9e adju/m5t4 ,!re are _m types ( be>+s1 "s 9 :i* ! metals are select$ ) ! idea ( obta9+ /r5g? r ?an non-friction qualities2 o!rs h /rong metal %ells l9$ ) a comp>atively s(t non-friction metal4 ,9 ^! be>+s mov+ memb]s slide ov] ea* o!r4 ,9 addition to ?is we h ! s-call$ anti-friction be>+s1 9 :i* balls1 or /raight1 tap]1 or helical roll]s are us$1 giv+ a roll+ r ?an a slid+ contact4 ,on ! eng9e alone !re are #ajb be>+s4 ,?is is figur$ on ! av]age six-cyl9d] motor2 "s ( !m h m ?an d\ble ! numb]4 ,!re are1 = in/ance1 ! foll[+3 ,six cyl9d]s1 #f wri/-p9 be>+s1 #f crank-p9 be>+s1 #d ma91 #c cam %aft1 #ab cam1 #ab pu% rod1 #ab valve /em1 #b fan1 #b wat] pump1 #h ignition1 #f sp>k control1 #f c>buretor control1 #f c>buretor1 #c oil pump1 #d self-/>t]1 & #d self-/>t] l9kage be>+s2 total1 #ajb4 ,! fir/ nam$1 cyl9d] & pi/on1 n g5]ally t]m$ be>+s1 are usually ( ca/ iron1 :i* gives comp>atively long we> & 9 :i* ! friction is n great if well lubricat$4 ,:5 we> does occur at ?is po9t x is necess>y to rebore & h l>g] pi/ons fitt$4 ,! wri/-p9 be>+s usually are 9 ! =m ( a bronze %ell1 call$ a bu%+1 surr\nd+ ! wri/ p92 :5 we> occurs x is necess>y to drive out ! bu%+ & replace ) a new "o :i* fits4 ,! crank-p9 be>+s are usually 9 halves1 ! metal babbitt or bronze1 surr\nd$ by a /eel /rap or cas+4 ,:5 we> occurs1 ! adju/m5t is made by tak+ out ?9 %eets ( metal1 call$ %ims1 :i* all[ ! halves to be br\ght clos] toge!r4 ,! ma9 crank-%aft be>+s are ( ! same type4 ,! cam-%aft be>+s are usually 9 bu%+ =m1 :i* mu/ be replac$ ) new ones :5 !y become worn4 ,! cam-foll[] be>+s may be j flat plates re/+ directly ^u ! cam1 or roll]s runn+ on a p9 9 ! valve pu% rod4 ,we> 9 ^! p>ts w\ld usually be comp5sat$ = by adju/+ screws on ! valve pu% rods4 ,! pu%-rod guides are sometimes made ( ca/ iron or o!r metal1 ) babbitt or bronze %ell 9 bu%+ =m1 & w\ld require replacem5t :5 worn4 ,! oil-pump be>+s consi/ ( a plung] work+ 9 a small cyl9d]1 ) "o end be>+ aga9/ a cam1 or a pair ( ge>s driv5 f ! cam %aft4 ,^! be>+s1 be+ p]fectly lubricat$1 seldom or nev] require adju/m5t4 ,all ( ! be>+s consid]$ s f> are c>$ = by ! lubricat+ sy/em ( ! eng9e1 :i* />ts :5 ! eng9e />ts to run1 & z long z oil is kept 9 ! eng9e !y are q c]ta9 to be tak5 c>e (1 b>r+ accid5tal /oppage ( ! oil lead4 ,! fan usually runs on ball be>+s :i* are lubricat$ ) a squirt c2 be+ usually ( ! cup & cone type1 !y are adju/$ by tight5+ ! cone4 ,! wat]-pump be>+s are lubricat$ by compression grease cups2 :5 ! be>+s become badly worn x is necess>y to drive out ! bu%+s & replace !m2 g5]ally ! %aft also w ne$ replac+4 ,:5 ?is %aft becomes worn out ( r\nd1 no am\nt ( tight5+ ( ! /uff+ box w prev5t wat] f leak+ out4 ,! valve-/em guides are sometimes bu%+s1 b m usually are holes bor$ ?r\gh ! cyl9d] ca/+4 ,9 ! =m] case1 :5 we> occurs ! bu%+ may be driv5 out & a new "o1 ) new valve1 in/all$2 9 ! latt] case1 ! holes mu/ be ream$ true & l>g]1 & valves ) l>g] /ems be ins]t$4 ,9 ! ignition sy/em ball be>+s usually are employ$1 ) or )\t means ( adju/m5t4 ,^! are lubricat$ ) an oil c or pack$ 9 grease4 ,!re is "o be>+ ( ! ignition sy/em :i* is unique 9 t "s manufactur]s advise keep+ x free ( lubricat+ sub/ance ( any k9d4 ,?is is ! rock] arm ( ! int]rupt] on c]ta9 makes ( magnetos4 ,o!r =ms ( int]rupt]s are s con/ruct$ t lubrication is advisable4 ,! c>buretor air-valve be>+ op]ates bett] if n lubricat$1 b does we> & ne$ replac+ at times4 ,! ?rottle be>+s may be lubricat$ & w\ld c]ta9ly we> long] if ?is 7 done4 ,:5 !y d we> air is admitt$ :i* is noticeable at l[ eng9e spe$1 caus+ skipp+ & irregul> runn+4 ,!n ! holes 9 ! ca/+ mu/ be enl>g$ & l>g] %aft ins]t$4 ,! ?rottle & sp>k-control l9kage h a numb] ( be>+s1 :i* may be ( ! /eel ball & socket type1 or a wire b5t to fit 9 an eye4 ,^! p9s %\ld be frequ5tly lubricat$ ) a squirt c4 ,usually !y are n adju/able1 s t p>ts mu/ be replac$ :5 !y become badly worn4 ,! self-/>t] motor & g5]ator are usually equipp$ ) ball be>+s & are lubricat$ ) a squirt c4 ,bo? ! motor & g5]ator h a copp] commutator on :i* c>bon bru%es be>4 ,^! are n be>+s1 /rictly speak+1 b !y d require a v slight trace ( oil if ! bru%es h n be5 soak$ 9 oil4 ,! commutator becomes worn occasionally & mu/ be smoo!d up ) f9e s& pap]1 or1 if badly worn1 mu/ be remov$ & tru$ 9 a la!4 ,! o!r pr9cipal be>+s ?r\gh\t ! c> are usually ( ball or roll] type1 :i* may or may n be adju/able4 ,usually ! directions = ! c>e & replacem5t are giv5 9 ! manufactur]'s in/ruction book4 ,9 ! /e]+ ge> !re is a pla9 bronze be>+ or bu%+ 9 :i* ! %aft is set out ( c5t]1 s t :5 we> occurs by twi/+ ! bu%+1 ! sector ( ! /e]+ ge> may be ?r[n deep] into me% ) ! worm & take up ! play4 ,9 ! transmission ge>1 9 :i* all o!r be>+s are ( ! ball or roll] type1 !re w be f\nd (t5 a pla9 be>+ on ! =w>d end ( ! squ>e or flut$ %aft call$ ! pilot-%aft be>+4 ,?is is "o weak po9t 9 _m o!rwise satisfactory transmissions4 ,:5 ?is be>+ we>s1 ! op]ation becomes noisy & ! ge>s are difficult to %ift4 ,! transmission mu/ be disassembl$1 ! bu%+ )drawn & a new "o press$ 94 ,! /e]+-ge> l9kage be>+s are usually ( ! ball & socket type1 self-adju/+ by means ( spr+s4 ,/e]+ knuckle be>+s are usually bu%+s :i* may be driv5 out & replac$ :5 we> occurs4 ,x usually is necess>y to replace ! p9s at ! same "t4 ,! univ]sal jo9ts ( ! propell] %aft become v noisy :5 ! be>+s are worn4 ,9 mod]n con/ruction ^! be>+s are 9 ! =m ( bu%+s :i* may be replac$ at small exp5se4 ,! brake l9kage has _m be>+s1 :i* are clevis & p94 ,^! are non-adju/able1 & un=tunately are n (t5 lubricat$4 ,:5 we> occurs ! holes may be drill$ l>g] & l>g] p9s be ins]t$1 or ! p>ts may be replac$ entirely4 ,( c\rse !re are scores ( o!r be>+s 9 o!r p>ts ( ! *assis1 t ) ord9>y c>e la/ ! life ( ! c>4 ,! lubrication & adju/m5t are usually giv5 9 detail 9 ! manufactur]'s book ( in/ructions & ne$ no special caution o!r ?an to advise foll[+ :at is !re pr9t$4 ,,*apt] ,,xxv ,,driv+ ,,! ,,c> ,x takes m ?an a k ( c]ta9 small lev]s & p$als & a deftness 9 manipulat+ clut* & brakes & ge> %ifts & /e]+ :eel1 to make an automobile driv]4 ,because ( ?is fact ! ,automobile ,s*ool ( ! ,we/ ,side ,"y ,m5's ,*ri/ian ,association1 9 ,new ,york ,city1 has =mulat$ a set ( in/ructions to its /ud5ts = ! road lessons1 :i* are ab\t ! mo/ complete1 yet concise1 s f> publi%$4 ,!y are copyright$ & publi%$ by p]mission4 ,x may emphasize ! =ego+ *apt] to fir/ quote ! introductory p>agraph :i* o!rwise w\ld h be5 omitt$4 ,! foll[+ applies p>ticul>ly to ! c>s us$ 9 ! s*ool4 ,slight v>iations may be f\nd on o!r ma*9es1 s x is well to get an in/ruction book f ! manufactur]s ( ! c> y expect to op]ate & foll[ _! in/ructions closely4 ,be=e ,leav+ ! ,g>age--,see t !re is suffici5t gasol9e & oil 9 ! tanks to c>ry y ! di/ance y wi% to g4 ,exam9e ! radiator or tank to see t x is full ( wat]4 ,h suffici5t air 9 ! tires4 ,all grease cups %\ld be fill$ & turn$ d[n prop]ly4 ,if batt]ies only are us$1 two %\ld be c>ri$1 & "o ( !m fully *>g$4 ,if y are c>ry+ only "o batt]y1 be sure t x is suffici5tly *>g$ to make ! desir$ run4 ,h on ! c> at lea/ "o extra %oe & ?ree extra tubes1 ) ! ord9>y equipm5t ( tire pump1 jack1 oil gun1 tire tools1 tire pat*es & cem5t1 & ! regul> kit ( o!r tools4 ,a set ( non-skid *a9s w be f\nd v useful on wet days2 9 fact x is n safe to run )\t !m on wet asphalt4 ,!y %\ld n be us$ h[ev] any m ?an is necess>y1 z !y we> ! tires excessively4 ,a c\ple ( extra sp>k plugs %\ld be c>ri$ to save ! tr\ble ( clean+ a %ort circuit$ "o on ! road4 ,/>t+ ,crank--,9 a gasol9e automobile1 x is f\nd t ! motor mu/ draw a supply ( gas into ! cyl9d] & compress x be=e ?is *>ge c be ignit$ to exp& & give p[]4 ,x is !re=e necess>y to h "s means ( turn+ ! eng9e ov] to accompli% ?is4 ,! />t+ crank plac$ usually on ! front ( ! ma*9e1 j 9 front ( ! radiator & betwe5 ! front spr+ horns1 is = ?is purpose4 ,x is op]at$1 z a rule1 ) ! "r h&1 & is rotat$ clockwise 7! direction ! h&s ( a clock travel74 ,:5 !re is a self-/>t] provid$1 ! />t+ crank is c>ri$ 9 ! tool box1 & is us$ only :5 ! />t] w n op]ate4 ,/>t+ ,p$al--,! />t+ p$al or button may g5]ally be f\nd some:]e on ! floor bo>d4 ,press+ on x connects an electric motor to ! crank %aft ( ! eng9e & closes a swit* t all[s curr5t f ! /orage batt]y to fl[ to ! motor & crank ! eng9e4 ,?is takes ! place ( ! h&-/>t+ crank4 ,clut* ,p$al--,x is q (t5 desirable to run ! eng9e )\t mov+ ! c>1 & x w also be f\nd necess>y at times to br+ into me% diff]5t ge>s s t m p[] or spe$ may be obta9$4 ,a clut* is1 !re=e1 plac$ betwe5 ! eng9e & ! re> :eels4 ,x is controll$ by means ( a p$al plac$ j back ( ! da%4 ,! clut* is releas$ by press+ on ?is p$al ) ! left foot1 & :5 releas$ ! eng9e w cont9ue to run1 b w n deliv] p[] to ! driv+ :eels4 ,:5 ! pressure ( ! left foot is releas$ f ! p$al1 ! clut* w become engag$ automatically by means ( a /iff spr+ & ! c> w move =w>d or backw>d1 accord+ to :i* ge>s are 9 me%4 ,if ! ge>s are 9 ! neutral position1 h[ev]1 p[] w n be appli$ to ! c> :5 ! clut* is engag$4 ,! clut* mu/ be releas$ e "t ! ge>-%ift+ lev] is mov$ & :5ev] ! brake is appli$4 ,rememb]1 x is depress+ or pu%+ ?is p$al t ov]comes ! t5sion ( ! spr+ & releases ! clut*1 & :5 no pressure is appli$ to ! p$al1 ! clut* is engag$4 ,! ,runn+-,brake ,p$al--,! runn+ brake is us$ = br++ ! c> to a /&/ill4 ,x is op]at$ by means ( a p$al plac$ j back ( ! da% & to ! "r ( ! clut* p$al4 ,to apply ! brake1 fir/ release ! clut* by pu%+ on ! clut* p$al1 !n pu% d[n or =w>d on ! brake p$al ) ! "r foot g5tly b firmly until ! c> is /opp$4 ,aft] remov+ ! foot f ! brake p$al ! brake w be releas$ automatically by means ( a spr+4 ,use ! brake g5tly to save discom=t to ! pass5g]s1 we> on tires & ! ma*9e 9 g5]al4 ,d n run close to ! po9t :]e ! /op is to be made & !n jam ! brake on h>d1 b beg9 to apply x e>ly & br+ ! c> to a /&/ill gradually4 ,! ,em]g5cy-,brake ,lev]--,! em]g5cy brakes are us$ *iefly aft] ! c> has be5 /opp$ & ! op]ator wi%es to leave x4 ,!y are appli$ by means ( a lev] op]at$ by ! "r h&4 ,?is lev] is usually plac$ j =w>d & to ! "r ( ! driv]'s seat4 ,x is fitt$ ) a spr+ lat* & :5 appli$ w lock on1 & s is v conv5i5t 9 /opp+ on a hill or :5 ! c> is left /&+ at ! curb4 ,! brake is appli$ by pull+ back ! lev]4 ,?is brake c be us$ alone or 9 connection ) ! runn+ brake = quick /ops :5 necess>y1 b x %\ld n be us$ = ord9>y /opp+ z x is usually n design$ = su* "w4 ,ge>-,%ift+ ,lev]--,?is lev] is usually plac$ =w>d & to ! "r ( ! op]ator's seat1 & to ! left ( ! em]g5cy-brake lev]4 ,x is op]at$ ) ! "r h&4 ,by %ift+ ?is lev] :i* engages diff]5t sets ( ge>s1 ! ma*9e may be made to g =w>d at diff]5t spe$s :ile ! eng9e turns at a practically uni=m spe$4 ,x also controls ! rev]se ge>4 ,:5 ! c> is /&+1 ! lev] %\ld be left 9 neutral position4 ,:5 9 ?is position1 ev5 if ! clut* is engag$1 ! ma*9e w n move4 ,to />t ! c>1 release em]g5cy brake1 release ! clut* ) left foot1 grasp ! ge>-%ift+ lev] ) ! "r h& & %ift f ! neutral position to ! fir/ spe$ not*1 accel]ate slightly1 !n all[ ! clut* to engage sl[ly & ! c> w />t4 ,aft] ! c> has />t$1 release ! clut* aga9 & %ift ! ge> lev] to ! second spe$ not* & engage ! clut* quickly b g5tly4 ,repeat ?is op]ation = ?ird & f\r? spe$s4 ,always release clut* :5 %ift+ ?is lev]4 ,:5ev] ! c> is br\ght to a /&/ill1 put ! lev] 9 ! neutral position be=e apply+ em]g5cy brake4 ,accel]ator ,p$al--,?is p$al op]ates ! ?rottle on ! c>buretor & regulates ! am\nt ( gas go+ to ! eng9e & ?us controls ! p[] :i* ! motor develops4 ,x is sometimes plac$ betwe5 ! clut* & brake p$als1 b usually to ! "r ( ! brake p$al & is op]at$ by ! "r foot4 ,m gas is p]mitt$ to ent] ! cyl9d]s & !re=e m p[] is obta9$ by press+ on x1 & :5 releas$ ! ?rottle w be return$ to its m9imum position by means ( a spr+4 ,pu% on ! p$al v sl[ly1 = a slight movem5t greatly increases ! p[] develop$ by ! motor & a too sudd5 application ( p[] w /ra9 ! :ole ma*9e4 ,x %\ld be pu%$ slightly :5 ! clut* is engag$ to increase ! p[] ( ! motor1 & %\ld be releas$ :5 ! clut* is dis5gag$1 s t ! eng9e w n race4 ,! ,?rottle ,lev]--,?is lev] controls ! ?rottle on ! c>buretor ! same z ! accel]ator p$al b x has a spr+ lat*1 & :5 x is desirable to run ! ma*9e = "s di/ance at a ne>ly con/ant spe$1 ?is lev] may be us$ z x w /ay :]e plac$1 ?us reliev+ ! "r foot :i* w\ld become tir$ ( hold+ ! accel]ator p$al 9 "o position = a long "t4 ,x is usually plac$ on ! /e]+ po/ above ! /e]+ :eel & is op]at$ ) ! "r h&4 ,d n advance ?rottle lev] too quickly4 ,! ,sp>k-,control ,lev]--,x takes "s "t aft] ! sp>k occurs = ! gas to get ?or\ghly ignit$ & give p[]4 ,x is !re=e desirable to h ! sp>k occur e>li] :5 ! eng9e is runn+ fa/1 s t ! gas may be ?or\ghly ignit$ at ! beg9n+ & deliv] p[] = full l5g? ( ! work+ /roke4 ,?is means t ! sp>k :5 advanc$ actually occurs :5 ! pi/on is /ill travel+ up on ! compression /roke & s gets ! gas 9 ! cyl9d] at its maximum pressure :5 ! crank passes top dead c5t]4 ,:5 ! motor is crank$ 9 />t+ x is turn$ s sl[ly t to avoid a kick back ! sp>k mu/ be ret>d$ s t x occurs aft] ! crank has pass$ top dead c5t]4 ,! sp>k-control lev] is connect$ ) ! sp>k-tim+ device1 & s controls ! "t at :i* ! sp>k occurs 9 ! cyl9d]4 ,x is usually plac$ on ! /e]+ column above ! /e]+ :eel1 & is op]at$ ) ! "r h&4 ,on "s c>s x is mov$ =w>d & on o!rs backw>d to advance ! sp>k4 ,:5 ! eng9e is crank$ 9 />t+1 ! sp>k %\ld be fully ret>d$4 ,aft] ! motor has />t$ x c usually be advanc$ ab\t two-?irds1 b !re is no set rule = ?is4 ,9 g5]al1 advance z ! motor 7n ! c>7 ga9s spe$ & ret>d z x slack5s spe$4 ,keep ! sp>k advanc$ z f> z possible at all times b ret>d x if ! eng9e labors or knocks4 ,ignition ,swit*--,usually plac$ on ! da%4 ,x is = ! purpose ( clos+ & op5+ ! electric circuit & ?us /opp+ ! motor or all[+ x to be />t$4 ,x is g5]ally provid$ ) a removable plug or a key s t ! c> may be safely left at ! curb4 ,be sure t swit* is 9 8,(f0 position :5 ! motor is /opp$4 ,/e]+ ,:eel--,! /e]+ :eel is usually plac$ on ! left-h& side ( ! c> directly 9 front ( ! op]ator's seat4 ,by its means ! direction ( ! c> is controll$4 ,:5 mov+ =w>d1 turn+ ! :eel c\nt] clockwise w cause ! c> to g to ! left & turn+ x clockwise w cause ! c> to g to ! "r4 ,x %\ld be op]at$ ) ! left h& only unless /e]+ is v h>d1 :5 bo? h&s may be us$4 ,grasp ! :eel firmly ) "o or bo? h&s b n ) a /rong1 n]v\s grip1 z ?is becomes v tiresome4 ,if ! h& is kept always 9 "o position on ! :eel :5 only slight turns are desir$1 !re w be no difficulty 9 kn[+ by its position :5 ! front :eels are po9t+ /raight ahead4 ,:5 turn+ corn]s ! position ( ! h& on ! :eel may be *ang$ & bo? h&s %\ld be us$4 ,d n attempt to turn ! /e]+ :eel :5 ! c> is n mov+ z ?is ?r[s a v great & entirely ne$less /ra9 on ! :ole /e]+ me*anism4 ,prim+ ,device or 8,*oke0--,:5 ! eng9e is crank$ 9 />t+1 x is turn$ s sl[ly t ! air go+ 9 ?r\gh ! c>buretor has n suffici5t velocity to draw ! requir$ am\nt ( gasol9e f ! spray nozzle4 ,! mixture t goes into ! cyl9d] is !re=e weak & _c be explod$ easily4 ,to enri* ! mixture1 a valve is plac$ 9 ! c>buretor air passage1 to *oke (f ! air & fe$ m gasol9e to ! motor4 ,?is valve is op]at$ by a lev] or button usually f\nd on ! da% or atta*$ to ! /e]+ column "u ! /e]+ :eel4 ,x is (t5 comb9$ ) a device = mak+ ! mixture ri*] or lean] to take c>e ( diff]5t wea!r conditions4 ,"s eng9es w />t ne>ly e "t )\t prim+ ! c>buretor2 o!rs mu/ be prim$ e "t ! eng9e is />t$4 ,d n prime to excess2 z soon z ! eng9e />ts1 return ! lev] or button to ! runn+ position4 ,! ,gasol9e ,tank--,! gasol9e tank c>ries ! fuel t is to be f$ to ! eng9e4 ,x w sometimes be f\nd "u ! front seats1 & may be fill$ by remov+ ! cu%ion4 ,9 ?is sy/em ! gasol9e fl[s by gravity to ! c>buretor & a small hole ab\t ! size ( a p9 w be f\nd 9 ! fill] cap to all[ ! air to ent] z ! gasol9e leaves4 ,?is hole %\ld be kept clean1 because if ! air _c ent] ! gasol9e w /op fl[+ to ! c>buretor & ! eng9e w /op runn+4 ,"s c>s c>ry ! gasol9e tank on ! re> ( ! *assis "u ! body & air pressure is kept on ! gasol9e to =ce x to ! c>buretor4 ,?is pressure is obta9$ by a h& pump plac$ on ! da%1 & is kept con/ant automatically4 ,?is sy/em diff]s f all o!rs 9 t !re %\ld be no hole 9 ! fill] cap ( ! tank & ! gasket on ! cap %\ld be kept 9 good condition to prev5t air leakage4 ,a gauge w be f\nd on ! da% & by ?is means ! pressure on ! tank c be det]m9$4 ,o!r c>s ) ! tank "u ! re> end ( ! *assis h a sy/em ( draw+ ! gasol9e by means ( a vacuum1 to a small tank locat$ by ! c>buretor "u ! hood1 f :i* x fl[s into ! c>buretor by gravity4 ,/ill o!r c>s h a gasol9e tank 9 ! c[l ( ! da% f :i* ! gasol9e fl[s to ! c>buretor by gravity4 ,! ,lubricator--,! lubricat+ sy/em is g5]ally built into ! crank case ( ! eng9e4 ,! oil is suppli$ ?r\gh a pipe or o!r op5+ f\nd on ! eng9e & a gauge or pet cock is provid$ to indicate ! am\nt ( oil 9 ! motor4 ,! sy/em %\ld be kept fill$ ) a light to m$ium high-grade gas-eng9e oil4 ,! lubricat+ sy/em usually oils all int]nal p>ts ( ! eng9e only1 ! transmission1 /e]+ & diff]5tial ge>s be+ lubricat$ by heavy oil or grease plac$ 9 _! respective h\s+s1 & all o!r p>ts ( ! c> are tak5 c>e ( by oil or grease cups4 ,any oil put into ! eng9e %\ld be c>efully /ra9$ to remove dirt or grit4 ,! ,wat] ,tank--,! wat] tank or radiator is plac$ on ! front ( ! c> & %\ld be kept fill$ ) cle> wat]4 ,any s$im5t t is all[$ to ent] ! radiator w clog x & ! eng9e w !n ov]heat4 ,dur+ ! w9t] x is well to fill ! radiator ) "s anti-freez+ solution4 ,alcohol is good = ?is purpose1 mix$ ) wat] 9 ! foll[+ proportions z desir$4 #b p9ts wood alcohol to #a gallon wat] freezes at #j ,fahr4 #b-a_/b p9ts wood alcohol to #a gallon wat] freezes at #aj bel[ #c p9ts wood alcohol to #a gallon wat] freezes at #bj bel[ #d p9ts wood alcohol to #a gallon wat] freezes at #ch bel[ ,if /eam is dis*>g$ f ! radiator1 exam9e ! fan directly back ( x & ! wat] pump1 & see t !re is no clog 9 ! pipes lead+ to & f x4 ,tires--,keep ! tires free f oil & grease z !y rot ! rubb]4 ,drive v c>efully 9 wet wea!r because rubb] cuts v easily :5 wet4 ,drive sl[ly ar\nd corn]s & />t & /op )\t j]ks2 also be v c>eful n to rub ! tires aga9/ ! curb4 ,h all small cuts vulcaniz$ s t moi/ure _c get 9 & rot ! fabric4 ,d n run on a flat tire unless x has be5 damag$ beyond repair4 ,run sl[ly on ! rim or wrap rope ar\nd x if no o!r tire is to be _h4 ,x is v important to keep ! tires fully inflat$ at all times4 ,if tires d n give satisfactory we> report x to ! manufactur] at once4 ,:5 ! c> is to be laid up = "s "t1 place jacks "u x to keep ! weight (f ! tires4 ,to ,/>t ! ,motor--,place ! ge>-%ift+ lev] 9 ! neutral position1 put ! em]g5cy brake on1 ret>d ! sp>k fully or if well acqua9t$ ) ! motor1 to a po9t :]e ! sp>k w surely occur aft] ! crank has pass$ top c5t]4 ,op5 ?rottle ab\t "o-?ird4 7,aft] gett+ acqua9t$ ) ! ma*9e y w f9d a position = ! ?rottle :]e ! motor />ts be/47 ,put ! swit* 9 8,on0 position4 ,if ! motor habitually />ts h>d1 prime ! c>buretor ) *ok+ or enri*+ lev]4 ,if c> is equipp$ ) electric self-/>t]1 press h>d on />t+ button or p$al4 ,:5 ! eng9e />ts1 remove foot f p$al imm$iately1 !n close ?rottle & advance sp>k lev] two-?irds4 ,9 crank+ ! motor by h&1 grasp "s "p ( ! c> ) ! left h& to /eady y\rself1 place ! feet wide ap>t1 & /& close to ! front ( ! ma*9e4 ,grasp ! />t+ crank ) ! "r h& hav+ x at its l[e/ position1 or a little to ! "r ( ?is po9t4 ,pu% ! crank 9 z f> z x w g & turn sl[ly clockwise until x engages ! crank %aft4 ,x w usually cat* :5 ab\t at its l[e/ position4 ,:5 engag$1 brace y\rself firmly & pull up quickly on crank1 turn+ x ab\t "o-half revolution4 ,if aft] repeat+ ?is op]ation sev]al times ! eng9e does n />t1 x may be f\nd necess>y to sp9 ! motor4 ,?is means crank+ = a full revolution or m4 ,9 sp9n+ ! motor1 c>e %\ld be tak5 to always />t ) an up pull s z to ga9 mom5tum = ! d[n ?ru/ & s r$uce ! dang] ( a kick back to a m9imum4 ,aft] ! eng9e />ts1 advance ! sp>k ab\t two-?irds & close ! ?rottle4 ,if ! eng9e has be5 />t$ on ! batt]y & a magneto is us$1 swit* imm$iately f ! batt]y to magneto4 ,d n all[ ! motor to race4 ,:5 runn+ idle1 x %\ld turn ov] at its sl[e/ spe$4 ,to ,/>t ! ,c>--,take y\r place 9 ! driv]'s seat1 place left foot on clut* p$al1 & press h>d to release ! clut*4 ,keep x dis5gag$ :ile ) ! "r h& ! em]g5cy brake is releas$ & ge> lev] is %ift$ f neutral to ! fir/ spe$ not*4 ,!n ) ! "r foot press ! accel]ator p$al g5tly until ! motor spe$ is increas$ a little & at ! same "t ) ! left foot all[ ! clut* p$al to come back1 until ! clut* />ts to engage & ! c> beg9s to move4 ,f ?is po9t decrease ! pressure on ! clut* p$al v gradually until ! clut* is fully engag$1 at ! same "t li/5+ to ! eng9e to see t x doesn't sl[ d[n suffici5tly to /all4 ,if x %[s signs ( /all+1 press accel]ator p$al a little m to increase its spe$1 at ! same "t keep+ a slightly great] pressure on ! clut* p$al4 ,/all+ ! motor is ! result ( fe$+ too little gas ) ! accel]ator1 or ( n keep+ pressure on ! clut* p$al dur+ ! "t ! clut* is engag+4 ,! j]k+ ( ! c> comes f fe$+ too mu* gas & engag+ ! clut* too sudd5ly4 ,bo? ( ^! faults may be ov]come by li/5+ to ! spe$ ( ! eng9e & keep+ x "r ?r\gh ! prop] use ( ! accel]ator p$al1 & by releas+ ! pressure ( ! foot f ! clut* p$al v gradually f ! "t x />ts to engage until x is fully engag$4 ,x is impossible to become a good driv] until ! e> le>ns to judge ! spe$ ( ! motor by its s\nd & ! left foot le>ns to engage ! clut* gradually4 ,:5 ! clut* has become fully engag$1 press accel]ator p$al slightly to spe$ up ! ma*9e4 ,z soon z x has atta9$ fair mom5tum1 release ! clut* & at ! same "t let up on ! accel]ator p$al4 ,*ange ge> lev] imm$iately f fir/ spe$ not* to second spe$ not* & let 9 ! clut* quickly until y feel x take hold & !n gradually1 at ! same "t press+ slightly on ! accel]ator p$al4 ,:5 ! clut* p$al is pu%$ out1 ! accel]ator p$al %\ld be releas$2 :5 ! clut* is let 91 ! accel]ator p$al %\ld be press$ slightly4 ,*ange f second to ?ird & f ?ird to f\r? if f\r spe$s are employ$1 always releas+ clut* :5 ge> is %ift$1 & always accel]at+ slightly :ile ! clut* is be+ engag$4 ,d n =get t ! clut* is releas$ :5 ! clut* p$al is pu%$ out1 & t x is engag$ :5 ! p$al is all[$ to come back4 ,run on ! high-spe$ ge> z mu* z possible1 & :5 x is necess>y to drive m sl[ly release ! clut* & apply ! brake g5tly until ! c> is br\ght to ! desir$ spe$4 ,!n if ! spe$ ( ! ma*9e is l[ en\gh to w>rant x1 release ! brake &1 ) ! clut* /ill dis5gag$1 *ange f ! high to ! next l[] spe$ not* & let 9 ! clut*4 ,if ! c> has lo/ mu* mom5tum x may be necess>y to *ange to ! l[e/ ge> be=e lett+ 9 ! clut*1 o!rwise ! eng9e may be /all$4 ,d n drive too close to o!r vehicles or objects be=e releas+ ! clut* & apply+ ! brakes z ! brakes may n hold z well z y ?9k & y may n be able to op]ate !m correctly :5 9 close qu>t]s4 ,if :ile ! ma*9e is /&+ x is f\nd impossible to move ! ge> lev] f neutral to fir/ or rev]se1 leave ! lev] 9 neutral1 all[ ! clut* to engage slightly1 !n release x quickly & %ift lev] to desir$ not*4 ,to ,/op ! ,c>--,select a lamp-po/1 tree1 or o!r object along ! curb1 & :5 /ill "s di/ance f x1 dis5gage ! clut* & apply ! brake g5tly & get ! c> "u control s t y c1 if y wi%1 /op t5 feet be=e ! object is rea*$4 ,!n1 releas+ ! brake pressure slightly1 all[ ! c> to drift to ! object1 /opp+ ) ! re> door directly opposite ! object & ! c> close en\gh to ! curb to all[ pass5g]s to alight on ! sidewalk4 ,%ift ge>s to neutral1 apply em]g5cy brake1 & all[ clut* to engage4 ,be c>eful t ! tires d n scrape along ! curb z ?is is v damag+4 ,! brake %\ld be appli$ s t ! c> is n br\ght up ) a j]k4 ,?is c be accompli%$ easily ) a little practice1 z c also />t+ ( ! c>4 ,rememb] t y are driv+ = ! com=t ( ! pass5g]s1 & !y c feel ! j]ks & j> mu* m ?an y4 ,to ,rev]se ! ,c>--,br+ x to a /&/ill fir/1 !n ) ! clut* releas$ place ! ge> lev] 9 ! rev]se not*4 ,all[ ! clut* to engage g5tly ) ! left h& only on ! /e]+ :eel1 look backw>d & gauge ! direction by ! re> end ( ! c>4 ,d n attempt to /e] by wat*+ ! front :eels2 always look to ! re> :5 go+ backw>d1 to make sure ! way is cle>4 ,turn+ 9 ,n>r[ ,/reets--,) ! c> mov+ sl[ly1 fir/ look back to see t !re is no o!r vehicle com+ & !n turn ! :eels %>ply to ! left z f> z possible4 ,:5 )9 five feet m or less1 dep5d+ ^u ! spe$ ( ! c>1 ( ! left-h& curb1 release ! clut* & apply ! brake g5tly1 at ! same "t turn+ ! /e]+ :eel quickly to ! "r4 ,/op turn+ ! :eel :5 ! c> is br\ght to a /&/ill4 ,) ! clut* /ill releas$ & ! brake on1 %ift to ! rev]se ge>4 ,!n release ! brake2 accel]ate slightly1 let ! clut* 9 c>efully1 & :5 ! c> />ts to move cont9ue turn+ ! :eel to ! "r or clockwise4 ,?is w po9t ! c> 9 ! opposite direction4 ,:5 go+ backw>d look t[>d ! back ( ! c> & also up & d[n ! /reet to see t no o!r vehicle is approa*+4 ,aft] ! c> has travel$ back a suffici5t di/ance1 release ! clut*1 take foot (f ( accel]ator p$al & apply brake1 at ! same "t turn+ /e]+ :eel to ! left until ! c> /ops4 ,!n ) ! clut* /ill releas$ & ! brake /ill on1 %ift f rev]se ge> to fir/ spe$ ge>4 ,take "r foot f brake p$al & accel]ate slightly1 all[+ clut* to engage gradually1 & z soon z ! c> />ts to move1 cont9ue turn+ /e]+ :eel to ! left until ! c> goes /raight ahead4 ,d n turn ! /e]+ :eel :ile ! c> is /&+4 ,/>t to turn :5 ! c> beg9s to move4 ,d n all[ tires to /rike curb4 ,turn+ ,corn]s--,be=e turn+ a corn] hold out ! h& s t any driv] beh9d y may see x1 & also look back to make sure t he does see x4 ,if ano!r vehicle is close beh9d y or if !re is "o 9 front com+ t[>d y1 sl[ up y\r c> & wait until x has pass$ be=e turn+4 ,:5 turn+ a corn] to ! "r keep z close to ! curb z possible s t ! c> w be on ! "r-h& side :5 y get into ! side /reet4 ,:5 turn+ to ! left g pa/ ! c5t] ( ! /reet into :i* y are travel+ & !n turn %>ply1 s t y w be on ! "r-h& side ( ! road4 ,d n cut close to ! left curb4 ,always g ar\nd a corn] at a l[ en\gh spe$ to make ! use ( ! second spe$ ge> necess>y1 & r$uce spe$ s t ! ge> %ift+ mu/ be done be=e />t+ to turn1 n aft]1 z ?is gives bett] control ( ! c>4 ,turn+ corn]s at a high rate ( spe$ puts a great /ra9 on ! tires & causes !m to we> excessively4 ,x is also uncom=table = ! pass5g]s4 ,use bo? h&s on ! /e]+ :eel1 & if ! c> is f\nd to be go+ too fa/ *eck x by releas+ ! clut* & apply+ ! brake slightly4 ,d n %ift ge>s be=e sl[+ ! c>4 ,! idea is to sl[ ! c> suffici5tly to make %ift+ to a l[] ge> necess>y4 ,climb+ ,hills--,:5 approa*+ a hill accel]ate & advance ! sp>k1 z spe$+ up ! motor makes x m p[]ful & add+ mom5tum to ! c> w (t5 c>ry x ov] hills t w\ld ne$ an int]m$iate spe$ ge> if an attempt is made to climb !m sl[ly4 ,z ! hill is rea*$1 op5 ! ?rottle fully4 ,if ! eng9e beg9s to feel ! grade & labors or knocks1 ret>d ! sp>k until ! knock+ or labor+ ceases4 ,if ! hill is a v /eep "o1 z soon z ! eng9e beg9s to lose spe$1 release ! clut*1 remove pressure f accel]ator &1 )\t apply+ ! brake1 %ift to a l[] spe$ ge>4 ,let clut* 9 quickly & at ! same "t op5 accel]ator wide4 ,x w !n probably be f\nd t ! sp>k c be advanc$ )\t caus+ ! eng9e to knock4 ,on "s hills x may be f\nd necess>y to %ift to ! fir/ spe$ ge>1 b ?is %\ld n be done unless ! eng9e w n pull ! c> on a high] ge>4 ,:5 ge>s are %ift$ on a hill ! *ange mu/ be made quickly & ! clut* let 9 imm$iately1 z sl[ "w w all[ ! c> to lose mom5tum1 & !n :5 ! clut* is engag$ ! eng9e w /all4 ,if ! eng9e /alls1 put on ! em]g5cy brake & put ge> lev] 9 neutral not*4 ,x w be well to place a /one or block back ( ! re> :eels be=e crank+ ! motor z ! vibration ( ! eng9e may j> ! em]g5cy lev] loose4 ,9 />t+ aga91 release ! clut*1 put lev] 9 fir/ spe$ ge>1 accel]ate /rongly1 release ! em]g5cy brake & at ! same "t let ! clut* engage4 ,?is mu/ be done quickly1 o!rwise ! c> w />t to back d[n ! hill4 ,) "s c>s x may be f\nd easi] :5 />t+ f a /&/ill on a /eep hill1 to apply ! foot brake1 release ! em]g5cy brake1 engage ! clut* :ile ! foot brake is releas$ gradually1 at ! same "t fe$+ gas to ! eng9e ) ! h& ?rottle4 ,d n attempt to climb /eep hills until y h ?or\ghly ma/]$ %ift+ ge>s on ! level4 ,desc5d+ ,hills--,:5 desc5d+ slight grades ?r[ (f ! ignition swit* & leave ! ge> lev] 9 high spe$ ) ! clut* engag$4 ,?is w cause ! eng9e to act z a slight brake & if necess>y ! runn+ brake may be op]at$ 9 connection ) x4 ,!re is no h>m 9 apply+ ! brake "u ^! conditions ) ! clut* engag$1 because swit*+ (f ! ignition causes ! eng9e to /op giv+ p[]4 ,:5 a v /eep grade is enc\nt]$1 be=e attempt+ to desc5d x1 /op ! c> & %ift to second or fir/ spe$ ge>4 ,! l[] ! ge> us$ ! great] w be ! brak+ p[]1 & :5 fir/ spe$ is us$ x is almo/ impossible = ! c> to get beyond control4 ,! ignition may be swit*$ (f or on z ! occasion requires4 ,swit*+ x (f gives great] brak+ p[]4 ,! clut* mu/ be left engag$1 & ! brakes may be us$ to help4 ,x is well to use fir/ "o brake & !n ! o!r 9 desc5d+ long grades1 z too long an application ( "o w cause x to heat & burn ! friction mat]ial4 ,d n wait until y are half way d[n ! hill be=e f9d+ out t x is too /eep = ! brakes to hold ! c>4 ,make up y\r m9d be=e />t+ to desc5d & %ift to fir/ ge> if necess>y4 ,d n all[ ! brakes to get 9 su* condition t !y w n hold to ! be/ ( _! ability4 ,nev] desc5d ! hill at a high rate ( spe$ no matt] h[ safe x looks4 ,brakes d n hold z well :5 ! c> is go+ fa/ z !y d :5 x is mov+ sl[ly1 nor w !y /op a c> z quickly go+ d[n a grade z !y w go+ up4 ,driv+ 9 ,conge/$ ,/reets--,procure a copy ( ! rules ( ! road ( ! city 9 :i* y are driv+ & obey !m4 ,keep to ! "r-h& curb unless x is l9$ ) /&+ vehicles1 9 :i* case keep close to !m4 ,9 ov]tak+ ano!r vehicle1 pass x on its left4 ,9 pass+ a vehicle com+ 9 ! opposite direction g to ! "r ( x4 ,:5 /opp+1 ! :eels mu/ be )9 six in*es ( ! curb4 ,be=e /opp+1 hold y\r h& out at ! side ( ! c> to w>n ! man :o may be beh9d y4 ,d n at any "t sl[ d[n or /op )\t hold+ out y\r h& & look+ back to make sure t x is se54 ,p$e/rians h ! "r ( way at cross+s1 b y may w>n !m ( y\r approa* by bl[+ ! horn4 ,h[ev]1 d n make a nuisance ( y\rself by us+ x m ?an necess>y4 ,:5 travel+ 9 a side /reet1 ^u com+ to a ma9 ?or\ghf>e sl[ up s t y c /op quickly1 z vehicles on ^! /reets h ! "r ( way4 ,:5 on a ma9 ?or\ghf>e x is n necess>y to sl[ up at e cross /reet4 ,wat* ! traffic policeman1 & :5 "o holds up 8 h&1 /op2 fir/ hold+ out y\r h& to w>n anyone beh9d y4 ,rema9 /&+ until ! policeman motions y to proce$4 ,9 "s places ! policem5 use :i/les in/ead ( motions1 & ! signals us$ by !m %\ld be le>n$4 ,:5ev] x is necess>y to r$uce ! spe$ ( ! c> consid]ably1 release ! clut* & apply ! brake4 ,:5 ! c> is go+ sl[ en\gh1 %ift to a l[] spe$ ge> to prev5t /all+ ! motor :5 ! clut* is let 94 ,:5 x is f\nd necess>y to keep beh9d a sl[ mov+ vehicle1 %ift to a spe$ s l[ t x w n be necess>y to slip ! clut*4 ,if x is desirable to g sl[] ?an fir/ spe$ ge>1 h[ev]1 ! clut* may be slipp$ by keep+ a slight pressure on t clut* p$al4 ,a great v>iation 9 spe$ may be obta9$ :5 9 any ge> by ! prop] manipulation ( ! sp>k & ?rottle lev]s4 ,d n attempt to keep pace ) o!r vehicles until y are an exp]i5c$ driv]4 ,:5 9 close qu>t]s1 p]=m e op]ation sl[ly z a move made sl[ly b surely w probably take less "t ?an a move made incorrectly4 ,!re is no occasion = gett+ excit$1 z x is safe to assume t e o!r vehicle is "u p]fect control4 ,le>n to %ift ge>s )\t look+ at ! lev]1 because y w ne$ y\r eyes to wat* ! road4 ,sit /raight 9 ! seat3 d n get hun*$ ov] ! /e]+ :eel z ?is indicates a novice4 ,always drive into ! g>age on ! fir/ spe$ ge>4 ,wa%+ ! ,c>--,! c> %\ld be wa%$ imm$iately ^u com+ into ! g>age1 be=e ! mud has _h "t to dry4 ,d n sc\r (f ! mud z ?is scrat*es ! v>ni%4 ,use ! hose ) a sl[ /ream until ! mud is well loos5$1 & !n f9i% by soak+ 7n rubb+7 (f ) a sponge well wet ) wat]4 ,:]e a hose is n procurable ! mud may be loos5$ ) a wet sponge & !n wa%$ (f entirely by ?r[+ pails ( wat] on x4 ,be c>eful t wat] does n g ?r\gh ! radiator or any o!r op5+ & get on ! eng9e1 z ?is is likely to %ort circuit ! magneto or sp>k plugs & prev5t ! motor f runn+4 ,if !re is grease on ! c>1 soap mu/ be us$ to remove x4 ,ca/ile soap is ! be/ = ?is purpose4 ,h[ev]1 d n apply ! soap itself to ! c>1 b make suds 9 lukew>m wat]4 ,aft] all mud & grease has be5 remov$1 wipe dry ) a *amois sk94 ,wa% & dry ! body be=e ! runn+ ge>1 & be c>eful t no grease is collect$ on *amois f :eel be>+s & /e]+-arm jo9ts4 ,cautions--,don't twi/ ! /e]+ :eel :5 ! c> is /&+4 ,corn]s %\ld be turn$ at sl[ spe$ to save we> on tires4 ,! brakes %\ld n be appli$ ) too mu* =ce except 9 an em]g5cy1 z x is h>d on tires & ! ma*9e 9 g5]al4 ,don't let ! motor labor or knock :5 asc5d+ hills4 ,:5 go+ d[n long hills use "o set ( brakes & !n ! o!r4 ,%ift to fir/ spe$ ge> be=e desc5d+ /eep hills4 ,*ange f fir/ spe$ to rev]se & f rev]se to fir/ only :5 ! c> is /&+4 ,be v c>eful ( skidd+ on wet pavem5ts4 ,put non-skid *a9s on = wet or icy roads4 ,always />t & /op ! c> )\t a j]k4 ,?is con/itutes good driv+4 ,don't =get to see t ! lic5se pad is atta*$ be=e leav+ ! g>age4 ,inspect oil1 gasol9e1 & wat] tanks be=e mak+ a trip & see t ! necess>y tools & extra tires are 9 ! c>4 ,don't let ! c> /& ) ! motor /opp$ 9 ! w9t] "t1 unless ! radiator is fill$ ) anti-freez+ solution4 ,look ! c> ov] ?or\ghly aft] ea* run4 ,! records ( ! exam9ations held at ! s*ool %[ t !re are a few po9ts ( driv+ :i* a l>ge majority ( ! /ud5ts d n entirely ma/]4 ,?is is n due to lack ( in/ruction 9 ! subjects1 b is r ! result ( poor memory or insuffici5t practice4 ,failure to p]=m ^! op]ations p]fectly does n necess>ily mean t ! /ud5t is n a safe driv]1 b x does %[ t he ne$s m practice be=e be+ rat$ z an exp]t4 ,if y want to be a little bett] ?an ! av]age driv]1 keep 9 m9d ! foll[+ po9ts1 g back & read !m ov] aga9 9 ?is booklet1 ?9k ab\t !m :5 driv+ ! c> & try y\r be/ to ma/] !m4 ,:5 ab\t to turn a corn]1 or turn 9 a /reet1 or 9 fact :5ev] sw]v+ f a /raight l9e1 look back to see if x is safe to make ! turn1 & hold out y\r h& to signal :at y int5d to d4 ,make sure t ! sp>k is ret>d$1 ! ge> lev] is 9 neutral1 swit* on1 & o!r lev]s 9 _! prop] positions be=e crank+ ! eng9e4 ,:5 ! c> has be5 sl[$ d[n to a v l[ spe$ = any reason1 %ift to a l[] ge>2 don't try to pick up spe$ on high ge>4 ,don't %ift to a l[] ge> until ! c> spe$ has be5 r$uc$ suffici5tly4 ,9 ,new ,york ,city1 traffic travel+ nor? & s\? has ! "r ( way1 !re=e :5 cross+ an av5ue g sl[ly & make sure y w n cut (f vehicles on ! av5ue4 ,:5 />t+ ! c>1 all[ ! clut* p$al to come back until ! clut* beg9s to engage1 !n keep en\gh pressure on ! p$al to all[ x to become fully engag$ v gradually4 ,lett+ ! clut* engage all at once makes ! c> jump or ! eng9e /all1 & obs]v]s smile kn[+ly4 ,9 ?is connection y %\ld li/5 to ! eng9e & op]ate ! clut* & accel]ator s t ! eng9e is n rac$ or /all$4 ,,*apt] ,,xxvi ,,:]e ,,extra ,,caution ,,is ,,necess>y ,x w\ld seem unnecess>y to give caution to ! motori/ :]e !re is an elem5t ( safety involv$2 x ought to be und]/ood t ev]yone entru/$ ) ! :eel ( a motor c> w\ld be int]e/$ 9 8 p]sonal safety & 9 ! safety ( ^? 9 8 keep+1 & t he w\ld take all ord9>y & ev5 extraord9>y precautions to keep sk9 unscrat*$ & bones unbrok5 & exi/5ce pres]v$4 ,b x is a fact t = a l>ge proportion ( motori/s !re is no su* ^w z 8,dang]10 & no su* ^w z 8,c>e40 ,:y is x8 ,= "s reason !re is abroad ! _s ( 8take a *ance10 & x has entirely sup]s$$ ! cauti\s =esight :i* 0 once ! ,am]ican nature4 ,p]haps x is ! *ang$ conditions ( our l& :i* is responsible = ?is4 ,9 pione] days caution 0 necess>y1 = "o did n "k beh9d :at tree or rock lurk$ dea? 9 ! =m ( a savage1 & !re 7 wild animals to avoid 9 ! =e/s1 & ev5 along travel$ highways2 s t to look ahead1 to wat* = signs ( dang]1 & to approa* po9ts ( p]il ) e s5se al]t1 0 second nature4 ,boys :o 7 br\ght up to tramp ! woods or prairies 7 al]t also1 because ( hid+ snakes & pr[l+ wolves1 & because ( ! ne$ = keep+ track ( di/ances & locations to prev5t be+ lo/4 ,we are only a g5]ation or two f ^! ?+s ev5 at ! cr[d$ c5t]s ( population2 b ! la/ two g5]ations :i* h gr[n up 9 ! city1 & millions :o h come f o!r l&s 9 ! same p]iod h n ?is inbr$ caution4 ,m5 :o are 9 p]il daily f "o cause & ano!r incid5t to city life1 & 8no?+ happ5s10 _c be expect$ to get excit$ ab\t possibilities1 :i* 9 "t become s famili> z to bre$ contempt4 ,! man :o is 9 con/ant fe> le/ some?+ fall f a tall build+ ^u him1 or !re be an explosion f b5ea?1 or a cra% ( trolley1 subway1 or elevat$ c>s1 ) a g5]\s complem5t ( fire & flood & gale add$1 w\ld g craz$ if he ?\ght mu* on ^! ?+s4 ,!re=e x is h>d to get him to ?9k ( 8safety fir/40 ,x is r 8,i %\ld worry10 & x actually prolongs life1 s long z x is appli$ to famili> ?+s--x keeps n]ve sy/ems f break+4 ,?is is :y x is s h>d to get ! city driv] accu/om$ to caution 9 places ( real p]il4 ,"o ( ! wor/ ( ^! is driv+ ov] railway tracks4 ,out on ! ,huckleb]ry division1 :]e !re is b "o tra9 a day ea* way if luck favors ! int5d+ pass5g]s1 !re is n s mu* dang]2 b 9 ! vic9ity ( all ! l>ge cities :]e suburban tra9s run (t5 & ?r\gh tra9s are num]\s1 x behooves ! autoi/ to acquire spe$ily a belief 9 signs4 ,! usual sign at a railroad cross+ is a po/ ) two arms 9 ! =m ( an ,x to w>n highway travel]s4 ,x matt]s n t !re is a flagman or gates1 a due s5se ( caution is necess>y = ! driv] ( an auto4 ,! railway ne> ! writ]'s old home _h signs read+3 8,/op1 ,look1 ,li/502 & ?is %\ld be ! slogan ( ! driv] ne>+ a railway cross+ today4 ,9 spite ( ! r++ ( eng9e bells & bl[+ ( locomotive :i/les & ( o!r precautions ( ! railway company1 x is incumb5t ^u ! motori/ to be c>eful1 to "k t !re is no tra9 approa*+4 ,an automobile may be /opp$ )9 a few feet & ! tra9 sometimes takes a qu>t] ( a mile = a /op2 !re=e ! motori/ %\ld n tru/ to ! /opp+ ( ! locomotive1 = by t "t x might be ev]la/+ly too late4 ,bett] /op ! auto at e cross+ if ! noise ( ! motor prev5ts he>+ :i/le or bell signals f ! tra94 ,b !re is a worse d]eliction ?an fail+ to make sure t a tra9 is n at h&1 & t is ! devil-may-c>e _s :i* prompts driv] to spurt up ! eng9e & da% = ! cross+ to get ov] ahead ( ! tra9 t is 9 pla9 sight4 ,!re are few p]sons :o c e/imate ! spe$ ( a railway tra9 ) any degree ( accuracy1 ev5 ! railway employes hav+ to *eck ! "t betwe5 kn[n po9ts to e/imate ! spe$1 unless !re is a spe$omet]4 ,! autoi/1 look+ at a com+ tra91 sees x at an angle :i* prev5ts 8 comp>+ x ) fix$ objects & _c tell if x is runn+ t5 or sixty miles an h\r z a rule4 ,x does n d any good to talk ab\t rights & failure to he> a w>n+ aft] ! f9al c]emonies are ov] & ! cemet]y has ano!r monum5t1 & ! writ] w\ld mu* pref] to be a live snail ?an a dead h>e1 & w\ld agree to make 8 de/9ation fir/1 z well4 ,nei!r w x d to talk ab\t ! fool-kill] & 8 good "w2 sometimes o!rs ?an ! fooli% driv] are imp]il$ & suff]4 ,!re is only "o way to reg>d x & t is to resolve to obs]ve ! ord9>y rules ( caution & to make sure t "o is n try+ to occupy ! same space z a railway tra9 at ! same "t4 ,! tra9 has might1 if n "r1 y "k4 ,equally important are ! cross+s ( trolley l9es1 9 ^! days ( high-spe$ tra9s & c>s1 & q z _m accid5ts occur at /reet int]sections :]e two ma9 l9es ( travel cross1 ev5 ?\gh !re be no trolley l9es4 ,x takes s little ef=t & s little loss ( "t to sl[ d[n until "o c see ! way cle>1 :5 !re is no traffic man at ! cross+4 ,b if "o ne$s be c>eful ( 8 own hide1 x is q z important t he be c>eful ( ! o!r fell['s anatomy4 ,x is easy to say ( ! p$e/rian1 or ! man 9 ano!r vehicle1 let him keep out ( ! way1 or keep to 8 own side ( ! road2 well1 if he don't1 y c keep out ( 8 way & y w be a great deal happi] at ! end ( y\r trip ?an if y disreg>d him & !re is an accid5t4 ,"o h>dly likes to contemplate ev5 an unavoidable injury to ano!r4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$1 also1 t ! p$e/rian has rights ^u ! highway great] ?an ! auto driv]4 ,x is popul> to talk ab\t ! 8jay-hawk]0 & to assume t ! man on foot has few rights 9 ! road1 :]eas he has ! fir/ "r1 accord+ to ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,supreme ,c\rt1 & no am\nt ( traffic rules & ord9ances & laws c affect 8 "r4 ,)\t respect to ! wisdom ( 8 do+ x1 ! man afoot has ! "r to travel 9 ! middle ( ! road if he c>es to1 & x is ! duty ( ! driv] to keep out ( 8 way4 ,remembrance ( ?is may save ! driv] damages 9 l>ge am\nt1 = ! c\rts w assess ! c>eless driv]1 or ! c>eful driv] = t matt]1 if ! p$e/rian is hurt & asks damages4 ,,*apt] ,,xxvii ,,an ,,auto ,,furnace ,,= ,,w9t] ,h y a little hot air furnace on y\r c>8 ,y ne$ "o on fro/y morn+s unless y want ! eng9e to act z ?\gh x _h an acute attack ( bron*itis = half or ?ree-qu>t]s ( an h\r4 ,maybe y'll also ne$ to get out ! teakettle & "s m extras to get />t$ 9 prop] %ape4 ,a lot ( m5 borr[ _! wives' di%rags also to help />t ! c>s4 ,great help1 too4 ,!re is n a bit ( fooli%ness ab\t ?is z ! man :o has a c> w appreciate1 if he has tri$ to />t x ) ! temp]ature d[n at ! freez+ po9t & a w9d bl[+ t w\ld c>ry (f ! eng9e heat s fa/ ! metal w\ld rema9 cold4 ,probably mo/ o!r folks h notic$ t a lot ( c>s sputt] & c\gh & spit & pop z ?\gh all k9ds ( tr\ble 7 go+ on inside1 & ! exp]i5c$ e> c detect _m a six-cyl9d] hitt+ only on two ( ! cyl9d]s1 :ile _m a flivv] is *ug-*ugg+ away l "o ( ! old "o-lung]s ( anci5t auto days4 ,n only is ?is at ! />t1 b = blocks & ev5 miles4 ,n[ to a novice1 ! new own]1 ! fir/ incl9ation w\ld be to cuss ! manufactur] & ! eng9e4 ,x isn't ! fault ( ! eng9e at all2 x is because 8! gasol9e doesn't gas40 ,h[ev] !re is a solution ( ! problem1 at lea/ en\gh ( a rem$y to make life a little happi] = ! own]4 ,?is condition ( gas 0 abs5t = sev]al ye>s4 ,9 ! e>ly days ( automobile con/ruction1 be=e ! manufactur]s 7 able to devise a c>buretor = vaporiz+ gasol9e "u all conditions1 we _h ?is same tr\ble z soon z ! wea!r turn$ cold4 ,p]si/5t exp]im5ts produc$ a c>buretor :i* ov]came ! tr\ble4 ,!n almo/ z soon z a c>buretor 0 develop$ :i* w\ld vaporize ! gasol9e "u adv]se conditions1 someh[ ! volatility ( ! gasol9e 0 f\nd to h decreas$4 ,y w rememb] ! conte/ betwe5 armor plate & big guns--z soon z an imp5etrable armor plate 0 inv5t$1 "s g5ius w\ld g ahead & f9d a p[d] or gun :i* w\ld %att] ! imp5etrable plate4 ,!n ! armor factory w\ld try to f9d some?+ to outwit ! gun mak]4 ,t is ! way ) c>buretor & gasol9e4 ,x is "t = ! c>buretor mak] to devise a s*eme to volatilize ! heavy gasol9e n[ suppli$ "u all conditions--p>ticul>ly 9 cold wea!r4 ,!re are signs t he is mat*+ up to ! em]g5cy4 ,x is true t ! gasol9e n[ sold has a great] heat-produc+ quality1 if only we c get x prop]ly mix$ & volatiliz$4 ,x may be t ! gasol9e produc]s1 by putt+ heavi] gasol9e on ! m>ket1 h be5 ( a real s]vice to auto m51 once we h le>n$ to utilize x economically & effici5tly4 ,!y may h _h 9 m9d ! high] p[]1 b !y h giv5 u a gas :i* is v h>d to vaporize on a fro/y morn+4 ,sometime soon1 probably ! c>buretor man w cat* up & give u a vaporiz] :i* w h&le x4 ,until !y d1 we w h to look = means ( ov]com+ ! difficulties n[ exp]i5c$1 & x is l>gely a "q ( w>m+ up ! air4 ,9 *ang+ gasol9e f liquid to vapor1 consid]able heat mu/ be suppli$4 ,:5 ! atmosph]ic temp]ature is too l[1 !re is n suffici5t heat 9 x to vaporize ! gasol9e spray$ into ! c>buretor4 ,:5 ! eng9e is w>m1 ! process ( vaporization goes on f ! ne$le valve to ! mom5t ( ignition1 b if ! eng9e is cold1 ! process is ret>d$ m or less1 & "u "s conditions x is possible = ?or\ghly vaporiz$ gasol9e to be aga9 cond5s$4 ,! man :o does n und]/& is incl9$ to say uncomplim5t>y ?+s ab\t ! eng9e & talk ab\t 8firepro( gasol9e40 ,! only tr\ble is t ! temp]ature is s l[ t we mu/ heat ! air be=e we s5d x into ! c>buretor4 ,practically all ! c>buretor manufactur]s put out a 8/ove0 to heat ! air supply1 :i* is atta*$ ar\nd ! exhau/ pipe1 s t ! hot air surr\nd+ ! pipe is convey$ to ! c>buretor1 :i* w>ms ! air ent]+ ! intake1 ?us supply+ ! heat necess>y to effect vaporization4 ,?is 8/ove0 or gas w>m]1 ! *auffeurs are beg9n+ to call a 8hot-air furnace40 ,! process ( vaporization absorbs a l>ge am\nt ( heat4 ,to raise ! temp]ature ( ! liquid "o degree takes a c]ta9 am\nt ( heat4 ,! am\nt requir$ p] degree rema9s ! same until ! po9t ( vaporization is rea*$1 :5 two hundr$ times t am\nt ( heat is requir$ to effect vaporization4 ,! 8hot-air furnace0 supplies ! extra am\nt ( heat4 ,a great _m c>buretors h ! mix+ *amb] wat]-jacket$ & ! wat] f ! cool+ sy/em is circulat$ ?r\gh x1 supply+ "s heat 9 t way4 ,sometimes t 9 itself is suffici5t1 b at pres5t x seems advisable to use bo?4 ,nei!r "o ( ^! is 9 op]ation :5 ! eng9e is />t$2 ! 8hot-air furnace0 dep5ds ^u ! exhau/ pipe be+ heat$1 & ! wat]-jacket ^u ! eng9e itself be+ heat$ long en\gh to w>m up ! circulat+ wat]4 ,s t x becomes necess>y to f9d "s means to supply heat until ^! w>m up4 ,:5 ! c> is />t$ 9 a w>m g>age ! gasol9e w vaporize prop]ly & ! eng9e w run 9 good %ape1 b z soon z ! c> goes out into ! cold air x w cool ! eng9e s t "s ( ! gasol9e w be cond5s$4 ,!re=e we close ! radiator cov] p>tly or :olly until ! eng9e is ?or\ghly w>m$4 ,if ! c> is />t$ 9 a cold g>age1 ! teakettle & di%rag me?od mu/ be resort$ to4 ,wrap ! clo? ar\nd ! c>buretor s t x does n cov] ! air intake1 & p\r ! boil+ wat] on ! rag1 tak+ c>e t none gets 9 ! air intake4 ,! hot wat] w heat ! c>buretor & intake pipe & raise ! temp]ature ( ! mixture s t ! eng9e w run4 ,9 "s cases x may be necess>y ev5 to dra9 out ! cool+ sy/em & fill x ) hot wat]1 s t ! combu/ion *amb] becomes heat$ up4 ,z ! wea!r becomes cold] x w be f\nd necess>y1 no d\bt1 to close up ! radiator m & m 9 ord] to keep ! eng9e at ! requir$ temp]ature4 ,high eng9e temp]ature1 up to ! po9t :]e ! wat] 9 ! cool+ sy/em beg9s to boil1 is desirable f ! /&po9t ( effici5cy1 & if no tr\ble is exp]i5c$ ) irregul> runn+1 ! hott] ! eng9e is1 ! l>g] am\nt ( p[] is develop$4 ,"o manufactur] has incorporat$ 9 ! radiator a %utt]-l device1 by means ( :i* ! am\nt ( air admitt$ may be regulat$ f ! driv]'s seat4 ,d\btless o!rs w foll[1 or f9d an equally good sub/itute4 ,radiator cov]s to fit almo/ any c> n[ made may be procur$ at trifl+ exp5se2 "o may simply put a piece ( c>dbo>d ov] x4 ,be+ out )\t a cov] rec5tly :5 ! eng9e did n "w "r1 ! au?or /opp$ :5 he came to a newsboy & b\ght a pap] & ti$ x ov] ! radiator1 gett+ home all "r ) ?is sub/itute4 ,"o man compla9$ t 8 c> w\ld />t out well & run all "r z long z he 0 go+ away f home1 b z soon z he turn$ homew>d x w\ld beg9 to act up4 ,he want$ to "k if ! c> _h ! w&]lu/4 ,inquiry develop$ ! fact t ! trips he spoke ( on ! go+ trip 7 ) ! w9d & return+ aga9/ x4 ,! add$ =ce ( ! w9d ov] ! eng9e cool$ ! eng9e too mu*1 & he 0 advis$ to cov] ! radiator "u su* circum/ances4 ,he report$ no tr\ble aft] try+ x4 ,( c\rse1 sometimes1 ! skipp+ c be ov]come by enri*+ ! mixture by ! da% control1 b ) ! pres5t heavy gasol9e ! enri*$ mixture does n seem to d mu* good & is simply add+ to ! supply ( gasol9e :i* already is refus+ to vaporize4 ,!re=e x seems to be ! /ove & ! di%rag = ! cold eng9e4 ,,*apt] ,,xxviii ,,! ,,cool+ ,,sy/em ,,9 ,,w9t] ,:ile !re are _m sections ( ! c\ntry :]e x is necess>y to put ! c> away = t portion ( ! ye> :5 ! gr\nd is cov]$ ) sn[ & ice1 & = t reason _m c>s are put 9 /orage1 yet !re are sections :]e ?is is n necess>y4 ,& likewise1 9 ! ,nor!rn cities1 :]e ! sn[ is cle>$ f ! /reets aft] e /orm1 ! improvem5t 9 c>buretors & ! adoption ( heat+ devices h made x possible to keep ! c> 9 commission :]e =m]ly x 0 ?\ght impossible4 ,!re are two ?+s necess>y if ! c> is to be op]at$ 9 w9t]1 ! fir/ ( :i* is "s anti-freez+ solution = ! cool+ sy/em2 ! second is a device = w>m+ ! mixture be=e admission to ! cyl9d]s4 ,_m ?+s h be5 tri$ = mak+ ! cool+ sy/em freeze-pro(4 ,! mo/ common are salt1 glyc]91 & alcohol4 ,any "o ( ^! 9 ! prop] proportion w insure aga9/ freez+4 ,!y are n equally desirable1 h[ev]4 ,salt has a t5d5cy to set up electrolitic action :]e iron & brass p>ts are comb9$ 9 ! cool+ sy/em1 b f\r p\nds ( salt to ! gallon w give a solution :i* w n freeze until sev5te5 degrees bel[ z]o1 ,fahr5heit1 is rea*$4 ,glyc]9 w keep ! wat] f freez+1 b x is exp5sive & if rubb] hose is us$ to connect radiator & ! cyl9d] pipes1 glyc]9 w cause x to decompose rapidly4 ,d5atur$ alcohol probably is ! be/ to use1 mix$ ) wat] 9 proportion z ! cold to be expect$ may dem&4 ,tw5ty p] c5t4 ( alcohol w give protection to five degrees above z]o2 ?irty p] c5t4 to n9e degrees bel[ z]o1 & ?irty-five p] c5t4 to sixte5 degrees bel[4 ,! own] mu/ n make ! error ( us+ a mixture :i* w protect him only = ! av]age l[ temp]ature ( 8 locality4 ,= ?irty ye>s ! av]age m9imum = ! vic9ity ( ,new ,york ,city 0 twelve degrees above z]o4 ,! man :o ?\ght he 0 play+ safe ) a tw5ty-p]-c5t4 solution w\ld h ru9$ 8 eng9e on "o ( ! days :ile ?is mat]ial 0 be+ prep>$1 = ! temp]ature w5t to tw5ty bel[ 9 ! suburbs & to sev5te5 bel[ 9 ! city4 ,unless ! own] _h =esight en\gh to dra9 out ! cool+ solution !re w\ld h be5 bur/ radiator & pipes1 & p]haps a crack$ cyl9d]1 or at lea/ ! wat]-jacket1 to be replac$4 ,ev5 a ?irty-five p] c5t4 solution w\ld n h sav$ ! damage4 ,probably a comb9ation ( alcohol & glyc]9 w suit ! p>ticul> own] a little bett] ?an alcohol alone1 s9ce !re is less evaporation1 & a s+le dose ( glyc]9 w la/ ! entire season1 only alcohol & wat] ne$+ to be add$ to replace t boil$ away or evaporat$4 ,half alcohol & half glyc]9 is ! prop] proportion to be add$ to ! wat]4 ,x has "o advantage1 t x freezes q a bit l[] ?an ! alcohol alone4 ,:ile !re are _m k9ds ( solutions sold :i* are 8gu>ante$10 ! own] c make 8 own at less exp5se1 ev5 consid]+ prices ( alcohol & glyc]94 ,! same treatm5t mu/ be giv5 to an acetyl5e gas produc]1 s9ce ! wat] w freeze 9 t & bur/ ! tank4 ,ano!r ?+ :i* mu/ be tak5 into acc\nt 9 w9t] is ! w>m+ ( ! mixture = />t+ s t x does n cond5se ! mom5t x /rikes ! cold cyl9d] walls4 ,mod]n c>s are provid$ ) means = accompli%+ ?is :5 ! eng9e has />t$1 b ! hot-wat] jacket & hot-air furnace dep5d ^u a w>m$-up eng9e = _! availability1 & = />t+ o!r means mu/ be devis$4 ,x may (t5 be wise to dra9 (f ! anti-freeze solution f ! cool+ sy/em & sub/itute hot wat] until ! eng9e is well w>m$ up1 !n replac+ ! anti-freeze mixture4 ,!re also are v>i\s devices = heat+ ! c>buretor & intake manifold :ile ! eng9e is w>m+ up4 ,!re is an electric heat]1 :]e "o has curr5t 9 ! g>age & o!r ways ( accompli%+ ! same ?+4 ,if no bett] means is at h& a hot-wat] bottle ab\t half full1 s t x c be wrapp$ ab\t ! manifold1 may d x all "r2 or a clo? wrapp$ ab\t ! manifold & c>buretor )\t cov]+ ! air intake1 & a kettle ( hot wat]1 may d x satisfactorily4 ,^! me?ods are consid]$ m at l5g? 9 ! prec$+ *apt]4 ,x w d\btless be f\nd necess>y to prime ! eng9e 9 />t+ 9 cold wea!r1 & x is wise to c>ry a squirt c = ?is purpose1 ?\gh a piece ( wa/e saturat$ f ! c>buretor drip cock & squeez$ ov] ! prim+ cup w d ! trick4 ,if !re are no prim+ cups x means tak+ out ! sp>k plugs4 ,= runn+ at l[ temp]atures x w be f\nd desirable1 if inde$ n necess>y1 to keep ! anti-freeze solution f cool+ too rapidly & ?us ret>d+ combu/ion 9 ! cyl9d]s4 ,mo/ eng9es run bett] 9 ! w9t] :5 ! fan is disconnect$ by remov+ ! belt4 ,:5 x becomes v cold1 h[ev]1 o!r means mu/ be provid$ 9 ! way ( radiator cov]s4 ,^! may be procur$ at any supply h\se1 fitt$ to any c>4 ,!y are 9 v>i\s =ms1 usually ) a curta9 :i* may be lift$ = mod]ate temp]atures & clos$ :5 extremes are rea*$4 ,any?+ :i* w cov] ! air spaces ( ! radiator may be us$ 9 an em]g5cy1 if "o is caught by a sudd5 drop 9 ! temp]ature4 ,a blanket1 a bag1 ev5 a newspap] or wrapp+ pap] ti$ on w "w prop]ly until bett] provision c be made4 ,c>e ( ! lubrication sy/em is ne$$ also 9 cold wea!r1 s9ce oil does n fl[ ! same :5 cold z :5 w>m4 ,mo/ manufactur]s give a s*$ule ( oils = diff]5t seasons & ?is %\ld be foll[$ explicitly = be/ results4 ,! own] %\ld make sure t ! oil is fe$+ ?r\gh ! sy/em4 ,if !re is a da% sight fe$ x %\ld be wat*$1 = :ile oil does n freeze1 x does get v viscid &1 l molasses1 fl[s /iff at l[ temp]atures4 ,h[ev]1 w9t] lubrication has be5 /udi$ by eng9e]s = a qu>t] ( a c5tury & oils :i* are suit$ to all climes & all extremes are no novelty4 ,! manufactur] is ! be/ judge ( ! oil :i* w "w mo/ satisfactorily 9 ! ma*9e he turns out2 besides1 g5]al advice c\ld n be giv5 :i* w\ld apply to all c>s4 ,z a rule ! man :o sells oil %\ld n be tak5 z an advis] 9 lubrication4 ,9 case ( d\bt g to ! s]vice /ation1 if )9 rea*1 = advice4 ,?is does n mean t an own] %\ld n sub/itute a diff]5t br& ( oil :5 he _c get ! "o ! manufactur] specifies2 b he %\ld get a correspond+ quality & !n wat* results closely until a supply ( ! "r k9d is available4 ,exp]i5ce & /udy w be a suffici5t guide = ! c>eful own]4 ,,*apt] ,,xxix ,,ov]heat+ ,,! ,,eng9e ,,9 ,,summ] ,! automobile eng9e w heat up too quickly 9 hot wea!r1 j z an individual w4 ,no1 we did n say ov]eat2 ?\gh if y let ! eng9e gorge itself too long on motor fodd]1 x w help to ov]heat z well z ov]eat4 ,!re are a v>iety ( reasons = ! ov]heat+1 :i* x is well = ! novice to und]/&4 ,^? :o h f\nd x necess>y dur+ ! w9t] to cov] ! radiator & take (f ! fan belt & d o!r ?+s to keep ! eng9e hot en\gh to run smoo?ly & ) ! prop] vaporization & fir+1 may f9d 9 summ] t !y are hav+ z mu* or m tr\ble 9 keep+ ! eng9e cool en\gh to run prop]ly4 ,g5]ally speak+1 ! ne>] to ! boil+ po9t we c run ! eng9e )\t actually hav+ ! wat] boil & /eam away1 ! m effici5t x w be4 ,"s eng9es1 9 fact1 develop mu* less ?an ! maximum horse-p[] because !y are too well cool$1 & yet we he> a great _m compla9ts ab\t ! wat] boil+ 9 ! radiator & ! eng9e ov]heat+4 ,?is w\ld n occur if ev]y?+ 7 work+ z ! design] int5d$ x %\ld4 ,dur+ cold wea!r ! man :o drives ) a ret>d$ sp>k uses up m gasol9e ?an necess>y1 b he is n bo!r$ ) ov]heat+4 ,:5 ! m]cury goes up he f9ds t 8 eng9e ov]heats & gives him tr\ble4 ,he has n *ang$ 8 mann] ( driv+1 & _c und]/& :y !re %\ld be tr\ble4 ,driv+ ! eng9e at high spe$ ) ! sp>k ret>d$ is "o v good way ( ov]heat+ ! eng9e4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ! batt]y ignition sy/ems :i* are n[ com+ m into use require consid]able manipulation ( ! sp>k-control lev]1 & ! t5d5cy is1 because ! eng9e knocks at l[ spe$1 to leave ! lev] p>tly ret>d$1 in/ead ( advanc+ x1 :5 a high] spe$ is rea*$4 ,) ! magneto1 x is ! g5]al practice to advance ! lev] to ?ree-f\r?s or sev5-eigh?s ( ! full range "r aft] ! eng9e is />t$ & leave x !re = practically all "w1 except v high spe$s4 ,?is may be done l>gely ) su* a sy/em1 because ! nature ( ! sp>k giv5 by ! magneto *anges some:at ) ! spe$ ( ! eng9e1 & ! equival5t ( an automatic advance & ret>d ( ! sp>k occurs ) ! v>iation ( spe$ ( ! motor4 ,) ! batt]y sy/em1 h[ev]1 !re is v little *ange 9 ! nature ( ! sp>k effect$ by ! eng9e spe$4 ,a frequ5t cause ( *ronic ov]heat+ may be trac$ to s$im5t 9 ! radiator :i* cuts (f free radiation ( ! heat4 ,?is usually may be remov$ by ! use ( a saturat$ solution ( wa%+ soda & wat]4 ,) ! adv5t ( summ] ea* ye> x w\ld be well to fill ! cool+ sy/em ) a solution ( ?is sort & run ! eng9e = sev]al h\rs & !n dra9 x (f & refill ! sy/em ) clean wat]4 ,if 9 ! sy/em us$ a pump is employ$1 "o %\ld disconnect ! upp] hose f ! radiator & run ! eng9e to pump ! solution out ( ! sy/em4 ,at ! same "t wat] f a hose or o!r s\rce %\ld be f$ into ! top ( ! radiator z fa/ z x is pump$ out1 & ?us flu% ! entire sy/em1 be=e connect+ up ! hose aga94 ,:]e ! !rmo-syphon sy/em is us$1 :i* does n employ a pump1 ?is1 ( c\rse1 _c be done1 b "o %\ld remove bo? upp] & l[] hose connections aft] runn+ ! eng9e ) ! solution & wa% x out ) fre% wat] z well z possible4 ,a hose ins]t$ 9 ! upp] connection probably w\ld =ce all ! solution out ) any collection ( s$im5t1 & ! same process ) ! radiator ought to clean x out4 ,fan belts are m likely to get out ( ord] 9 hot wea!r ?an 9 cold wea!r2 p]haps ?is is because ! eng9e ?r[s oil or grease m readily :5 x is w>m4 ,belts %\ld h grease en\gh to keep !m s(t & pliable1 ( c\rse1 b too mu* causes slipp+4 ,!y %\ld be wip$ free ( all oil occasionally4 ,!re is always a belt adju/m5t & ?is %\ld be tight5$ s t !re is suffici5t t5sion to drive ! fan at all eng9e spe$s4 ,"s eng9es h ! spokes ( ! fly-:eel %ap$ to =m a fan1 & :]e ?is is ! case ! oil pan & hood %\ld be kept tight s t air w be drawn ?r\gh ! radiator r ?an ?r\gh o!r op5+s4 ,if ! radiator is n kept free f oil ! outside passages w v quickly collect du/1 :i* w prev5t a free fl[ ( air & cut (f radiat+ surface1 :i* also occurs :5 ! front ( ! radiator is sme>$ too ?ickly ) pa9t4 ,pumps d we> out1 b ?is is "o ( ! la/ places to look = tr\ble4 ,! action ( ! pump may be det]m9$ usually by remov+ ! radiator fill] cap :5 ! eng9e is runn+ & not+ :e!r ! wat] is circulat+1 b if a baffle plate is plac$ 9 ! fill] op5+1 x _c be se51 & a te/ may be made 9 ! same mann] 9 :i* ! clean+ solution is wa%$ out1 namely1 by remov+ ! top hose f ! radiator & runn+ ! eng9e1 :ile supply+ wat] ?r\gh ! fill] op5+4 ,) ! !rmo-syphon sy/em !re is v little pressure g5]at$ & a slight ob/ruction w /op ! fl[ ( wat]4 ,!re=e x is m necess>y to keep ! sy/em free f s$im5t & to see t ! gaskets at ! jo9ts are made ) circul> op5+s ( ! "r sizes s z n to ob/ruct ! fl[ ( wat]4 ,likewise wat] mu/ be kept above ! top hose ( ! radiator 9 ord] to h any circulation 9 ?is type ( cool+ sy/em4 ,ano!r cause ( ov]heat+1 :i* x has be5 f\nd v difficult to locate1 comes f c>elessness 9 /ret*+ ! hose ov] ! pipe4 ,9 do+ ?is sometimes ! inn] l9+ ( ! hose is loos5$ & folds back1 cov]+ ! op5+ ( ! pipe1 s t wat] does n fl[ freely4 ,x looks all "r f ! outside1 b an exam9ation ( ! inside w %[ t x is almo/ entirely clogg$ at ! end4 ,also1 ! l9+ ( ! hose w (t5 loos5 up & pieces w lodge :]e !y cut (f ! circulation4 ,keep ! eng9e free f c>bon & keep ! valve pu% rods adju/$ close1 h ! mixture z lean z possible & be sure ! exhau/ f ! muffl] is free4 ,tak+ c>e ( ^! ?+s & see+ t ! o!r ?+s m5tion$ are all "r1 w prev5t mo/ ( ! ov]heat+ :i* tr\bles ! novice1 if1 inde$1 n all ( x4 ,!y are ?+s :i* %\ld n be tru/$ entirely to *auffeur or g>age man1 b ! own] %\ld le>n h[ to take c>e ( !m himself2 !n if he wants to hire x done he w "k if x is be+ done accord+ to 8 ord]s & w recognize ! symptoms :5 any?+ goes wrong4 ,x may take a little "t & get "o's h&s some:at soil$1 b x pays 9 ! long run1 n alone 9 ! sav+ ( labor b 9 ! abs5ce ( annoyance :5 out on a trip4 ,x is f> f pleasant to h to /op along a hot roadside to make repairs :i* %\ld h be5 done 9 ! g>age1 ) probable delay & consequ5t upsett+ ( ! s*$ule4 ,!re=e1 x behooves ! own] to look aft] ^! ?+s be=e />t+ out & to le>n 8 c> s well t he w anticipate tr\bles & by remov+ causes save "t & money4 ,,*apt] ,,xxx ,,"s ,,o!r ,,hot-,,wea!r ,,tips ,!re are a numb] ( o!r po9ts :i* %\ld be borne 9 m9d by auto own]s ) ! com+ ( hot wea!r1 if ! mo/ effici5t s]vice is to be _h f ! c>4 ,"o ( ! ,y4 ,m4 ,c4 ,a4 secret>ies excit$ly call$ ! s*ool to ask :y a seem+ly good tire %\ld bl[ out aft] a %ort run4 ,a few m9utes lat] ano!r secret>y put ! same inquiry ) v>iations4 ,t is1 he _h a tire :i* 0 r old1 b x _h be5 inflat$ = two weeks & _h be5 runn+ e day s9ce inflation1 :5 x te/$ eighty p\nds' pressure4 ,x _h bl[n out4 ,! fir/ secret>y _h be5 invit$ by a fri5d to take a ride4 ,he _h wat*$ ! tires inflat$ & all o!r bits ( prep>$ness & saw t no?+ 0 ov]look$1 & settl$ d[n = a f9e ride4 ,! bl[-out came ab\t five miles away4 ,! tr\ble ) bo? 0 t !y _h n tak5 into acc\nt ! fact t summ] 0 at h&4 ,exp]i5c$ driv]s "k t 9 hot wea!r1 :e!r x is accord+ to rules or n1 x is bett] n to keep ! tire pressure s high z dur+ ! cold mon?s1 ev5 ?\gh x means m we> on ! tires4 ,consid]able heat is g5]at$ by roll+ a tire ov] ! gr\nd4 ,?is heat exp&s ! air 9 ! tire & increases ! pressure4 ,9 ! w9t] ?is heat is absorb$ to a l>ge ext5t by ! cold atmosph]e & ! cold & wet pavem5ts1 & !re=e ! pressure does n v>y s mu*4 ,9 ! summ] ! roads are v hot1 ! air temp]ature is high1 & ! heat g5]at$ by friction is n c>ri$ (f to any appreciable ext5t4 ,on a rec5t summ] trip ! writ] notic$ t ! c> 0 rid+ h>d] ?an usual & a te/ ( ! pressure on ! tires develop$ ! fact t x 0 above normal4 ,to f9d out j :at ! diff]5ce 9 pressure w\ld be1 ! pressure = ea* tire 0 tak5 be=e leav+ ! g>age next morn+4 ,aft] roll+ ab\t =ty miles at an av]age spe$ ( ?irty miles an h\r1 ! pressure 0 aga9 te/$4 ,x _h increas$ ab\t twelve p\nds on ea* tire4 ,sev]al tire manufactur]s insi/ t own]s %all n c>ry less pressure on tires 9 hot wea!r1 say+ t ! increas$ pressure due to heat is n suffici5t to mat]ially affect _! make4 ,?is probably is true = new tires1 or = ab\t two-?irds ( _! gu>ante$ life1 b if ! tire has be5 weak5$1 ?r\gh hav+ be5 run "u-inflat$1 or f fabric det]ioration ?r\gh cuts 9 ! tread1 !re is dang] f ! increase 9 pressure due to heat4 ,m tires are damag$ by "u-inflation ?an by ov]-inflation1 because ! =m] breaks d[n ! side walls ?r\gh runn+ flat1 9 practically e case1 :ile ! ov]-inflation causes a bl[-out only :5 ! tire is weak at "s po9t4 ,x w\ld be good practice1 h[ev]1 on hot summ] days1 to leave ! g>age ) ! tire pressure ab\t t5 p\nds less ?an t specifi$ by ! manufactur] z be+ correct = 8 make4 ,any driv] ought to te/ out 8 tires aft] runn+ at a good clip on a hot day & f9d out j :at !y d4 ,a little p]si/5ce w\ld enable him to und]/& h[ mu* 8 tires heat up & he c\ld regulate ! pressure accord+ly4 ,manufactur]s ( high-pressure tires res5t ! above advice & decl>e t x is wrong4 ,! succe$+ *apt] tells ( def9ite te/s made & ! own] c draw 8 own inf]5ces & decide = himself :e!r he wants high tire mileage1 or com=t ) pretty good tire mileage4 ,!re are "s o!r hot-wea!r po9ts :i* x might be well to keep 9 m9d if "o w\ld get ! be/ results f ! c>4 ,"o ( ^! is ! c>e ( ! c>buretor4 ,x w be f\nd usually t n q s mu* gasol9e is requir$ z 9 cold wea!r1 & !re=e ! da% adju/m5t may be c>ri$ a little ne>] ! lean1 or air1 side4 ,?is n only saves gasol9e1 b increases ! p[] ( ! motor1 = a too heavy mixture makes x run logy4 ,x w be f\nd also t 9 mo/ cases ! hot-air /ove ( ! c>buretor may be disp5s$ ) or adju/$4 ,usually provision is made on ! hot-air /oves = all[+ "s cold air to ent]1 or to take cold air entirely4 ,:]e ! c>buretor is wat]-jacket$1 !re usually is a valve t may be clos$ to prev5t ! fl[ ( hot wat]4 ,exp]im5t w det]m9e :e!r x is advisable to cut out ! heat entirely on ! individual c>buretor1 s9ce all are n b5efit$ by ! *ange4 ,! wat] 9 ! /orage batt]y w evaporate m quickly 9 hot wea!r & :]e x has be5 necess>y to repl5i% x once 9 two weeks 9 ! w9t]1 x w ne$ to be done e week 9 hot wea!r4 ,?is is n entirely due to evaporation f heat b is acc\nt$ = 9 "p by ! fact t ! eng9e />ts easi] & !re=e less curr5t is us$ = />t+2 also !re is m daylight & ! lamps are us$ less4 ,!re=e ! batt]y is m (t5 9 a fully *>g$ condition1 & 9 ?is condition ! *>g+ curr5t causes m gas ?an :5 ! batt]y is l[]4 ,?is is due to ! *emical action :i* decomposes ! wat]1 ! hydrog5 & oxyg5 gases pass+ (f ?r\gh ! v5t holes2 ! wat] escapes f ?is cause z gas & n z vapor1 z x does :5 !re is evaporation4 ,9 hot wea!r city /reets are g5]ally spr9kl$ regul>ly & ! c\ntry roads are oil$ "s "t dur+ ! season4 ,! novice go+ beh9d a /reet spr9kl]1 or rea*+ an oil$ /ret* ( road1 %\ld ex]cise p>ticul> c>e to prev5t skidd+1 z he w\ld be unlikely to realize ! dang] unless he has exp]i5c$ x once4 ,?is is expla9$ fully 9 ! "p ( ?is book devot$ to skidd+4 ,hot wea!r s(t5s grease1 s t tr\ble may be exp]i5c$ ?r\gh grease or oil seep+ out ( transmission or diff]5tial cases1 or f ! grease cups4 ,_m manufactur]s recomm5d a heavi] grease = summ] ?an = w9t] to give ! greate/ effici5cy4 ,?is s(t5+ ( ! grease is likely to make a little r+ ( grease ar\nd ea* cup1 :i* w collect du/ & give ! c> an unkempt appe>ance1 besides !re is ! possibility ( "s ( ! du/ work+ into ! be>+4 ,grease cups mu/ be kept turn$ d[n s t ! du/ is =c$ out1 & !n x %\ld be c>efully wip$ (f4 ,e be>+ ne$s additional c>e to keep du/ out & lubricant 91 b e mom5t sp5t 9 ?is way pays divid5ds 9 exp5se sav$ & com=t & fre$om f annoyance on ! road1 s t ! own] w d well to take note t hot wea!r calls = add$ c>e & precautions4 ,,*apt] ,,xxxi ,,hot-,,wea!r ,,tire ,,expansion ,!re is consid]able "q :e!r ! pressure on tires %\ld be decreas$ dur+ ! hot summ] days4 ,tire manufactur]s claim1 z a rule1 t tires heat m on l[ pressure ?an :5 run at ! full pressure giv5 by !m4 ,!y claim t ev5 a slight decrease to (fset any increase f heat+1 because ( w>m] temp]ature ( ! air1 friction1 & ! hot pavem5ts1 w injure ! tires4 ,on ! o!r h&1 driv]s ( long exp]i5ce insi/ t ! c> %\ld be />t$ out ) ! tires s(t] ?an 9 cold wea!r4 ,/ill o!rs insi/ t ! tire pressure dem&$ by ! manufactur] makes ! tire too h>d = com=t & t :5 ! pressure is increas$ by heat x makes ! tire z h>d z "o ( solid rubb]4 ,!re is "s tru? on bo? sides4 ,!re has be5 consid]able criticism ( ! conclusions drawn f ! writ]'s exp]i5ce ) tires :ile on a summ] t\r1 relat$ 9 ! previ\s *apt]4 ,he /at$ t !re 0 a twelve-p\nd increase 9 a =ty-mile run4 ,?is 0 disput$4 ,te/s prove t he 0 "r & t 9 city driv+ tires ord9>ily heat up ev5 :5 ! conditions are n extreme4 ,to det]m9e :at effect ! hot wea!r has on tires 9 ! city1 ! au?or drove a #cbjj-p\nd ,model ,l ,locomobile1 equipp$ all ar\nd ) #cd #d-a_/b in* tires1 ?r\gh ! p>k & on ,riv]side ,drive = fifte5 miles at ord9>y city-traffic spe$1 :i* always is "u tw5ty miles an h\r4 ,! !rmomet] regi/]$ #hf degrees & ! day 0 p>tly ov]ca/1 s t ! full effect ( ! sun on ! pavem5ts 0 n obta9$4 ,! tires 7 inflat$ to full #ij p\nds1 :i* is ! pressure recomm5d$ by _m manufactur]s4 ,at ! end ( ! run1 "o tire regi/]$ #aja p\nds1 two 7 #ajj p\nds1 & "o 0 #ii p\nds4 ,! conditions 7 n excessive 9 any way & ! wea!r 0 n abnormal1 ! road 0 smoo? except = v %ort /ret*es1 ! spe$ 0 l[1 & ! tires 7 ( ample size = ! weight ( c> & load4 ,aft] ! te/ run1 a gauge 0 made to te/ ! flatt5+ effect on ! tire f a l[]$ pressure4 ,) ! c> load$ x 0 necess>y to decrease ! pressure 9 ! tire to #fe p\nds to h #a_/af in* bulge ( ! side ( ! tire4 ,at #gj p\nds pressure !re 0 no flatt5+ p]ceptible by ! use ( ! gauge4 ,x is c]ta9 t m tires are damag$ by "u-inflation ?an by ov]-inflation1 also t p]fect new tires w /& m ?an #bj p\nds ov]-inflation )\t damage to !m4 ,b x is reasonable to believe t1 if a tire has become weak5$ f any cause1 x w bl[ out quick] "u increas$ pressure4 ,x is also a fact t a tire inflat$ to ! pressure recomm5d$ by _m manufactur]s has v little resili5cy1 & ! rid+ qualities ( ! c> are v greatly impair$1 & :5 ! pressure rises slightly high] ! tire loses its *ief function1 t ( absorb+ ! small road %ocks4 ,anyone :o has _h ! exp]i5ce ( rid+ on h>d tires kn[s ! discom=t ( x2 "o might ab\t z well ride on solid tires4 ,b all ?is comes back to ! "q3 ,:at is "u-inflation8 ,a tire ) t5 p\nds less pressure ?an recomm5d$ probably w heat m ?an :5 c>ry+ a full pressure2 b x w v quickly come up to ! requir$ pressure :5 ! c> is run4 ,z ! pressure recomm5d$ by _m manufactur]s is ! extreme s f> z com=t 9 rid+ is conc]n$1 ! c> own] mu/ take 8 *oice betwe5 com=t & tire mileage1 assum+ t a slightly less pressure does decrease ! life ( ! tire4 ,presumably ! av]age own] w\ld r h com=table rid+1 ev5 at ! exp5se ( tire mileage1 & we are n prep>$ to admit t decreas$ mileage w\ld be an inevitable result ) t5 p\nds less pressure4 ,beyond "q ! av]age man w\ld n use a sub/itute = gasol9e :i* gave him all sorts ( discom=t because x did n run ! eng9e smoo?ly1 ev5 if x gave a slightly great] mileage to ! gallon4 ,"o manufactur] ( fabric tires recomm5ds #ef p\nds pressure = a #d-;in* tire & gu>antees #ejjj miles1 & makes ! claim t ?is pressure makes rid+ mu* m com=table4 ,ano!r well-kn[n manufactur] advises inflat+ ! tire only to ! po9t :]e !re is no bulge or flatt5+1 & ano!r type ( pneumatic tire has become v popul> because x requires /ill less pressure & makes rid+ t mu* m pleasurable4 ,:]e tires are h>d & roads are r\gh1 ! ma*9e jumps ar\nd s t x is m likely to jump (f ! road1 !re=e !re is an elem5t ( safety z well z com=t involv$4 ,= all ar\nd com=t1 ?\gh possibly ) less5$ tire mileage1 ! conclusion is rea*$ t a t5-p\nd decrease 9 pressure 9 hot summ] wea!r is desirable4 ,! tire _c be damag$ mu*1 because aft] a v few m9utes on really hot pavem5ts ! pressure w equal t recomm5d$ by ! mo/ exact+ manufactur] & any ov]heat+ due to ?is cause w\ld be a matt] ( v %ort duration4 ,z 0 said 9 ! previ\s *apt]1 ! wise own] w te/ out 8 c> & tires & f9d out j ! prop] am\nt ( decrease ! tires w /&4 ,he w !n h to decide :e!r he wants ! highe/ am\nt ( tire mileage or ! highe/ am\nt ( com=t & act accord+ly4 ,x is beside ! argum5t1 b a matt] ( fact1 t a c]ta9 tire salesman1 a fell[ :o is q insi/5t ^u a c]ta9 pressure be+ ma9ta9$1 makes x 8 inv>iable practice to deflate 8 tires t5 p\nds 9 hot wea!r2 he wants tire mileage1 too4 ,all ( :i* goes to %[ t "s p d n always practice :at !y prea*1 or take ! m$ic9e !y give to o!rs4 ,,*apt] ,,xxxii ,,gu>d+ ,,aga9/ ,,fire ,! education ( automobile own]s & *auffeurs is decreas+ ! numb] ( c>s :i* g up 9 smoke1 b !re /ill are cases en\gh to require a ^w ( w>n+ z to causes & prev5tion4 ,automobile fires sometimes come f causes n ord9>ily consid]$ "u ! control ( ! driv]4 ,h[ev]1 a little extra caution 9 a few matt]s w r5d] ! motori/ practically free f dang]4 ,( c\rse1 ! pr9cipal cause ( automobile fires is f back-fir+4 ,)\t go+ into all ! causes ( back-fir+1 ! *ief "o is too lean a mixture f$ to ! cyl9d]s4 ,?is w almo/ inv>iably cause back-fire 9 />t+4 ,really1 ! *ief tr\ble comes 9 />t+ :5 ! eng9e is cold1 & naturally ?is is mo/ frequ5t 9 ! w9t]4 ,:5 !re is a back-fire a %eet ( flame comes f ! air intake ( ! c>buretor2 if !re is any?+ inflammable 9 t vic9ity1 x is q likely to take fire4 ,gasol9e vaporizes s rapidly t if !re is gasol9e 9 ! drip pan !re is almo/ sure to be a suffici5t mixture ar\nd ! c>buretor to make tr\ble4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ! drip pan "u ! c>buretor %\ld be s arrang$ z to all[ any gasol9e to be dra9$ (f be=e x has _h "t to vaporize4 ,inde$1 !re ought n to be v mu* gasol9e 9 ! drip pan at any "t4 ,if x comes f a leak 9 ! supply pipe or ! connection to ! c>buretor1 ! leak %\ld be repair$4 ,if x comes f an ov]fl[ ( ! c>buretor due to poor seat+ ( ! float valve1 t %\ld be tak5 ap>t & clean$ s t ! float valve w seat prop]ly4 ,^! two ?+s are practically ! only occasion = gasol9e 9 ! drip pan4 ,ano!r cause ( fire may be 9 runn+ = "s "t at extreme spe$4 ,?is usually w cause ! exhau/ pipe to become v hot1 sometimes to gl[4 ,! exhau/ pipe 9 "s cases is plac$ close to ! woodwork ( ! c>1 :i* may be set on fire4 ,p>ticul>ly is ?is true if ! woodwork has an accumulation ( grease & oil1 & "h is :]e caution w h a b5eficial effect4 ,! own] :o keeps ! woodwork free f oil & grease--cleans x (f regul>ly & ?or\ghly--m9imizes ! dang] at ?is po9t4 ,! pipe also heats up :5 ! eng9e is run ) a greatly ret>d$ sp>k4 ,sometimes ! pipe gets r$-hot & x is an easy matt] to ignite ! woodwork4 ,"h aga9 oil or grease w\ld increase ! dang]4 ,! economical op]ator w n all[ grease & oil to be wa/$ 9 ?is way1 aside f ! fact t grease1 oil1 & gasol9e 9 drip pan or c>buretor =m a m5ace h>d to ov]e/imate4 ,fires h be5 />t$ occasionally by op5+ ! muffl] 8cut-out0 9 />t+ up4 ,?is is p>ticul>ly dang]\s :5 ! c> is 9 a g>age1 :]e usually !re are grease & gasol9e spill$ ar\nd on ! floor1 giv+ (f fumes & creat+ a dang] zone4 ,occasionally :5 ! c> is /&+ 9 ! g>age ! supply l9e w drip a little4 ,x may be all "r :5 ! gasol9e is fl[+ into ! c>buretor regul>ly1 b :5 x /&s1 a t9y drip w make a consid]able mixture "u ! c>4 ,a leak1 s small z to be unnotic$ ord9>ily1 :5 cont9u$ ov] night w cause en\gh mixture to be dang]\s4 ,if1 to aid ! eng9e1 ! op]ator op5s up ! 8cut-out10 !re are q likely to be "s sp>ks fly+ out4 ,sp>ks & gas mixture are a v p]il\s comb9ation & !re is pretty sure to be a blaz+ c> 9 a mom5t4 ,sometimes 9 fill+ ! gasol9e tank x ov]fl[s & drips d[n4 ,p]haps ! driv]1 delay$ by tak+ on gasol9e1 is 9 a hurry1 s he op5s ! 8cut-out0 & f9ds t mak+ ha/e is (t5 dang]\s4 ,ano!r cause ( fires comes f %ort-circuit+ ( ! ignition or light+ sy/ems :5 a /orage batt]y is us$4 ,occasionally a %ort-circuit w heat "o ( ! wires r$-hot & burn (f ! insulation4 ,!n1 if !re be an accumulation ( grease1 oil1 or gasol9e1 !re w be tr\ble4 ,to obviate vibration1 "s *auffeurs pack ar\nd ! batt]y ) us$ wa/e1 :i* is m or less greasy4 ,x is possible = a tool to drop d[n on ! batt]y & give (f a sp>k1 or1 "u vibration1 a s]ies ( sp>ks1 suffici5t to set fire to ! wa/e4 ,x is on record1 9 "o ( ! old-/yle c>s1 t a cu%ion spr+ wore ?r\gh & dropp$ d[n on ! batt]y1 mak+ a sp>k e "t ! spr+ t\*$ ! t]m9als1 & ev5tually sett+ fire to ! c>4 ,! rem$y = all ^! in/ances is v obvi\s4 ,ano!r cause ( fire1 :i* has be5 writt5 ab\t a great deal1 is /atic electricity1 :i* is g5]at$ :5 gasol9e is filt]$ ?r\gh *amois "u c]ta9 conditions4 ,v _m funnels h a *amois /ra9]4 ,gasol9e p\r$ ^u *amois creates /atic electricity4 ,x is all "r if ! funnel t\*es ! gas tank1 b if x does n1 a /atic sp>k is v likely to cross ! gap & set fire to ! volatiliz+ gasol9e4 ,! rem$y1 ( c\rse1 is ei!r n to use *amois or to see t !re is a p]fect connection betwe5 ! funnel & ! tank4 ,s9ce "o ( ! *ief tr\bles is ! back-fir+ :5 ! c> is />t$1 x w\ld be well = ! own]1 :5 />t+ ! c> 9 cold wea!r1 to enri* ! mixture slightly2 ?is w prev5t ! back-fir+1 & :5 ! eng9e is well />t$ ! mixture may be adju/$ to ! prop] proportion4 ,mo/ c>s n[ h a means ( enri*+ ! mixture on ! da%4 ,x ought n to be necess>y to sugge/ ! wisdom ( c>ry+ along "o ( ! approv$ fire ext+ui%]s1 b x is a fact t v _m own]s 8take a *ance40 ,! insurance companies make a r$uction 9 ! premium :5 a fire ext+ui%] is c>ri$1 :i* is a pretty good indication t !y consid] x a valuable accessory on ! c>4 ,"s companies insi/ t "o be c>ri$4 ,inasmu* z fires may occur ev5 ) ! mo/ c>eful op]ator1 f causes beyond 8 control1 su* z ! accid5tal %ort-circuit1 or ! c>elessness ( o!rs1 x may be out ( place to sugge/ t ! own] ( a valuable c>1 or "o :o really c>es1 insure 8 c>4 ,rates are fairly reasonable1 & if insurance ev] is good x surely ought to be 9 ! case ( an automobile1 :]e sev]al ?\s&s ( doll>s are (t5 c5t]$ 9 a v small compass4 ,,*apt] ,,xxxiii ,,don',t ,,run ,,away ,,f ,a ,,fire ,:atev] may be ! cause ( a fire 9 y\r automobile1 d n run away f x4 ,/ay & fight ! fire4 ,(t5 ! utmo/ ha/e is ne$$ 9 gett+ out ( ! c> :5 a fire />ts1 b on ! way out grab ! fire ext+ui%] & turn to use x4 ,d n be afraid t !re w be an explosion & run4 ,!re w be none1 & if y "w fa/ y may save s]i\s damage to ! c>4 ,keep y\r head & fight4 ,! presumption is t y w h a good ext+ui%] on ! c>4 ,two w\ld be bett] & m 9 keep+ ) a high-pric$ c>1 bo? plac$ :]e !y c be gott5 at in/antly1 = gasol9e fires spread mighty fa/4 ,! causes ( fires h be5 pretty well discuss$ 9 ! prec$+ *apt]1 & ! fact t c>e w prev5t all b a negligible p]c5tage ( fires4 ,back-fire1 = in/ance1 may be made h>mless by plac+ ov] ! air intake a scre5 ( wire gauze1 su* z is us$ 9 a m9]'s safety lamp4 ,to prev5t %utt+ (f "s ( ! air & d]ang+ ! c>buretor1 ! scre5 %\ld be mu* l>g] ?an ! op5+ ( ! intake4 ,x c be made 9 bulb %ape & clamp$1 sold]$1 or wir$ 9 position1 & x ought n to require m ?an av]age gumption to fit su* a device on any c>buretor4 ,make sure x is safety gauze4 ,!re are sev]al =ms ( gaskets adv]tis$ = ?is purpose1 b all s f> notic$ 7 to g betwe5 ! c>buretor & intake & are too likely to cause cond5sation ( ! gasol9e to be recomm5d$ = use4 ,p>ticul>ly 9 cold wea!r w\ld !re be a likelihood ( cond5sation ( vaporiz$ or p>tly vaporiz$ gasol9e4 ,b ) ! wire-gauze scre5 above describ$ ! /+ ( back-fire w be gone1 z no blaze c\ld pass ?r\gh x & s rea* ! gasol9e fumes :i* might be 9 ! drip pan4 ,"o cause ( fire n (t5 m5tion$ because ( its r>ity1 w\ld be f sp>ks f ! magneto or g5]ator bru%es1 or f ! break] po9ts :i* might be hot en\gh to ignite gasol9e fumes & !re=e are to be gu>d$ aga9/4 ,s9ce gasol9e fumes are heavi] ?an air usually ! magneto & g5]ator are set high en\gh to be above ! dang] po9t2 & :]e ! magneto is betwe5 ! cyl9d]s on ! ,v-%ap$ in/allation1 !re w\ld be no dang]4 ,on m>9e eng9es1 h[ev]1 high in/allation is be+ featur$ lately to (fset ?is v dang]4 ,if1 aft] all precautions are tak51 y are visit$ by fire1 /ay to fight x4 ,get only f> en\gh away to escape be+ burn$1 & !n fight & fight h>d4 ,"w ! fire ext+ui%] = all x is wor?1 = 9 less "t ?an x takes to read ?is page ! fate ( y\r c> w h be5 decid$4 ,get out ( y\r head1 fir/ ( all1 ! idea t !re is to be an explosion4 ,x doesn't happ54 ,! fir/ puff f ! burn+ gasol9e is ! ne>e/ ?+ to an explosion y w see4 ,aft] ?is fir/ puff1 x is fire1 n explosion1 y ne$ fe> & fight4 ,tanks w n explode unless empty ( gasol9e1 or ne>ly s1 & fill$ ) gasol9e fumes--t is1 vapor & air mix$4 ,wat] is little good 9 fight+ an automobile fire :]e gasol9e & oil are burn+4 ,!re are sev]al ?+s1 h[ev]1 :i* w qu5* ! flames1 & :i* %\ld be at h&4 ,if y c\ld get s& & salt 9 suffici5t quantity on ! flames x w\ld be effectual1 b ( c\rse "o c\ld h>dly c>ry a suffici5t quantity along4 ,!re are also tube ext+ui%]s fill$ ) a dry comp\nd1 :i* "u favorable circum/ances w d ! trick4 ,b ! tr\ble is to get ! comp\nd at ! seat ( ! fire1 & to ?r[ x viol5tly ^u ! flame is impossible4 ,!re is "o ?+1 h[ev]1 :i* w actually put out a gasol9e fire1 & x is su* a safegu>d t no own] c af=d to be )\t x4 ,t is ! c>bon tetra-*loride comp\nd1 :i* is ! basis ( all liquid ext+ui%]s on ! m>ket4 ,?is1 dis*>g$ close to ! seat ( ! flames1 =ms a d5se smoke-l gas :i* has no oxyg5 to fe$ ! fire1 :i* !re=e goes out = lack ( fuel4 ,!re are _m good ext+ui%]s on ! m>ket :i* use ! c>bon tetra-*loride mixture ) o!r +r$i5ts to keep x f corrod+ ! pump1 or to add "s o!r quality to ! comp\nd4 ,^! ext+ui%]s co/ m ?an ! dry comp\nd tubes1 b ! man :o c af=d to own a c> c af=d to h ! necess>y appliances = its protection4 ,"o may nev] h occasion to use ! fire ext+ui%]s1 b x is nice to "k t !y are ready if ! em]g5cy does come1 = !re isn't always a fire dep>tm5t h&y1 & if !re is1 g5]ally ! firem5 arrive aft] ! c> is doom$4 ,,*apt] ,,xxxiv ,,dea? ,,9 ,,! ,,gasol9e ,mo/ p]sons und]/& ! dang] ( gett+ gasol9e & fire 9 close proximity1 b !re is ano!r p]il 9 gasol9e :i* is n s well compreh5d$--inde$ has only come to ! att5tion ( sci5ti/s 9 rec5t mon?s4 ,x is dea?1 call$ petromortis1 or gasol9e dea?1 :i* lurks 9 ! fumes ( ! burn$ gases f ! exhau/ pipe4 ,t :i* comes f ! exhau/ is no long] inflammable4 ,x has s]v$ its purpose 9 ! combu/ion *amb] by burn+ ) rapid expansion1 furni%+ p[]4 ,x has und]gone *emical *anges1 has be5 split up1 ! hydro-c>bon unit+ = ! mo/ "p ) ! oxyg5 ( ! air 9 ! mixture & =m+ c>bon monoxide & c>bon dioxide4 ,! latt] is c>bonic acid gas1 9 :i* no liv+ ?+ c live4 ,! c>bon monoxide is no less deadly1 & besides !re is ! nitrog5 f ! air1 :i* w suffocate z well1 unless x m+les ) ! air freely4 ,^! ?ree gases exud+ f ! exhau/ pipe into a conf9$ space1 su* z a small g>age1 w\ld quickly vitiate ! atmosph]e to a po9t :]e1 close to ! floor1 asphyxiation w\ld result1 & soon] or lat] w\ld fill ! g>age up to ! po9t ( ! air intake4 ,!n1 z oxyg5-fill$ air c\ld n ent] ! intake to =m mixture1 ! eng9e w\ld sl[ d[n & /op4 ,!re is little dang]1 s9ce ! deadly gases are heavi] ?an air1 :5 "o is work+ ab\t ! g>age 9 a /&+ po/ure1 :]e ! brea?+ app>atus w\ld be above ! /rata ( gases & tak+ 9 ! normal air4 ,b :]e "o is work+ at ! tires1 or any "p ( ! c> bel[ ! level ( ! gases1 or "u ! c>1 he might be ov]come & die ( suffocation 9 a few m9utes4 ,x 0 n until su* accid5ts really _h occurr$ t ! att5tion ( ! public 0 direct$ to ?is dang]4 ,j rec5tly a notable case ( dea? f gasol9e fumes 0 t ( a popul> actor4 ,he 0 work+ 9 8 g>age1 & because ( ! cold _h ! doors tightly clos$4 ,gett+ "u ! c> to adju/ & oil ! me*anism :ile ! eng9e 0 runn+ to w>m x up1 he 0 ov]come by ! gases :i* c\ld n escape f ! g>age1 & di$ be=e be+ discov]$4 ,! *emical composition ( ! exhau/ gases1 accord+ to an exp]t1 is z foll[s3 ,,p] ,,c5t4 ,c>bonic acid gas #h4gj ,oxyg5 #b4ge ,c>bon monoxide 4#cj ,hydroc>bons #f4ee ,nitrog5 #ha4gj ------ #ajj4jj ,!re is mu* disagreem5t z to ! quantity ( c>bon monoxide necess>y to be fatal4 ,a well-kn[n automobile trade j\rnal rec5tly said t #be p] c5t4 w\ld produce dea? 9 half an h\r & #ae p] c5t4 w\ld produce a viol5t heada*e 9 sev]al h\rs4 ,o!r au?orities claim t z little z 4#e p] c5t4 w\ld be fatal4 ,x is m probable t ! l>ge am\nt ( suffocat+ gases1 nitrog5 & c>bonic acid gas1 produces unconsci\sness1 & !n ! c>bon monoxide1 attack+ ! blood p>ticles1 affects !m s t !y are unable to take 9 oxyg52 h5ce dea? is c]ta94 ,!re are sev]al ways 9 :i* ! dang] may be obviat$4 ,! fir/ & mo/ natural "o is to op5 ! g>age doors :5 ! eng9e is be+ run1 or h an op5+ on ! level ) ! floor ?r\gh :i* ! heavy fumes may escape--roll out ( ! g>age4 ,ano!r way is to provide a pipe1 ) flexible hose to atta* x to ! exhau/ pipe & lead+ to ! out] air1 s t ! exhau/ w\ld virtually be out-(-doors4 ,?is w\ld n be exp5sive nor difficult = any +5i\s man to arrange4 ,! pipe %\ld be l>g] ?an ! exhau/ nozzle & flexible metal hose ( conv5i5t l5g? %\ld be atta*$ by ! use ( a r$uc]1 ! o!r end to be =c$ ov] ! end ( ! exhau/1 to :i* a %ort l5g? ( pipe might be add$ if necess>y4 ,?ree or f\r in*es w\ld be long en\gh = ! hose to atta* easily4 ,if necess>y a clamp ) w+ nut on ! bolt c\ld be us$ to hold x 9 place4 ,gasol9e fumes :i* are n burn$ also h a peculi> effect :5 "o inhales !m pr(usely4 ,ye>s ago :5 on a visit to ,oil ,city1 ,pa41 ! writ] 0 invit$ to inspect ! old ,imp]ial ,ref9]y1 "o ( ! plants :i* help$ f\nd ! ,rockefell] millions4 ,"o phase ( ref9+ k]os5e is to wa% out ! volatile elem5ts :i* make x dang]\s4 ,?is is done 9 an agitator1 :]e /reams ( wat] lit]ally wa% ! k]os5e1 keep+ x eddy+ & boil+ z ?\gh a fire 7 "u x4 ,! top is op5 & ar\nd x runs a gall]y f :i* ! process is wat*$4 ,x 0 a favorite trick ( ! employes to conduct a /rang] to ?is gall]y & /e] him to ! lee side :]e he gets ! full effect ( ! fumes :i* pass (f4 ,mo/ m5 n us$ to x began to feel light-head$ 9 a few m9utes & to act z ?\gh !y _h be5 imbib+ /rong wat]s4 ,x is an exact simile ( ! alcoholic condition1 ?\gh )\t ! aft] effects ! next day4 ,to a limit$ degree "o may acquire ! same effects f gasol9e 9 ! g>age if !re are l>ge op5 gasol9e receptacles to s5d (f fumes suffici5t to affect "o4 ,( c\rse1 if !re 7 en\gh to d ?is1 a sp>k f any s\rce w\ld />t a fire4 ,,*apt] ,,xxxv ,,%ift+ ,,ge>s ,,on ,,hills ,"o ( ! mo/ humiliat+ exp]i5ces :i* c come to an own] is to h to ask 8 gue/s1 ev5 if x be only fri5d wife1 to get out & walk :5 a long & /eep hill is p>tly asc5d$4 ,:ile !re are conditions ( eng9e :i* w\ld make hill climb+ h>d1 if n impossible1 !y are due to neglect or poor adju/m5t1 s t ! eng9e has n p[] en\gh to negotiate /iff grades4 ,! own] :o keeps ! motor 9 prop] condition1 9 practically any make ( c> on ! m>ket today1 %\ld h no tr\ble 9 mak+ ! wor/ hills4 ,yet h[ (t5 we f9d c>s /all$ on m\nta9 roads & ev5 on /eep city /reets1 & see own] & gue/s walk+ or pu%+ ! c>4 ,rec5tly ! writ]1 go+ f ,gre5wood ,lake to ,tux$o1 9 ,orange ,c\nty1 ,new ,york1 9 a well-kn[n make ( t\r+ c>1 pass$ six c>s ( diff]5t k9ds /all$ at ! v />t ( ! climb ov] ,/]l+ ,m\nta94 ,! fir/ "o met 0 a ,=d4 ,n[ !re is no reason :atev] = /all+ a c> ( ?is make on any hill4 ,x is a matt] ( comm5t t ! ,=d--mu* despis$ by ! own] ( ! big c>--w take hills t "s multi-cyl9d]$ & high-p[]$ c>s make mu* fuss ov]1 & d x h&ily4 ,! tr\ble 0 t ! driv] />t$ at high spe$ & !n did n "k h[ to %ift ! ge>s prop]ly & ! c> /all$4 ,:5 we rea*$ x ! ,=d 0 /all$ across ! roadway & we _h to /op until ! driv] />t$ ! eng9e & back$ ! c> to "o side4 ,n be+ famili> ) ! hill-climb+ abilities ( ! c> 9 :i* he 0 seat$1 ! writ] inquir$ ( our driv] if x 7 n bett] to walk a:ile4 8,no "o w ev] walk :ile ,i am driv+10 0 ! reply1 8unless some?+ breaks4 ,i d n g out rid+ to walk2 besides ! c> w c>ry u all "r40 ,& x did4 ,al?\gh we _h /opp$ at ! v foot ( a /eep grade fifty feet long1 ! c> on l[ ge> took x )\t a /utt]1 & !n com+ to a less] grade1 a %ift 0 made to second ge>4 ,we did n use fir/ spe$ m ?an once or twice1 & !n only to keep f /all+ on ! grade :5 x 0 necess>y to sl[ d[n 9 pass+ o!r c>s at n>r[ po9ts 9 ! road4 ,occasionally high spe$ 0 possible = %ort /ret*es4 ,:5 well ov] ! top ( ! m\nta9 we /opp$ to let ! eng9e cool (f = probably t5 m9utes & !n coa/$ ne>ly all ! way d[n ! m\nta9 side4 ,!re 0 no ne$ ( any ( ! c>s /all+ on ?is grade1 ?\gh x is long & has _m v /eep places2 !re 0 no sign t any ( ! c>s 0 defici5t 9 p[]4 ,! defici5cy 0 9 k on ! "p ( ! driv]s4 ,:]e ! driv] und]/&s ge> %ift+ well en\gh to d x on a grade1 ! prop] way to approa* a hill is on high1 ) ! accel]ator op5$ en\gh1 & sp>k advanc$1 to spe$ up ! c>4 ,!n :5 ! c> beg9s to lose spe$ & be=e x has sl[$ d[n too mu*1 ! %ift %\ld be made to second-spe$ ge>1 :i* %\ld c>ry ! c> up any ord9>y hill4 ,if an extra /eep gradi5t be enc\nt]$1 fir/ spe$ may be necess>y = t /ret*4 ,x is well j z ! foot ( a hill is rea*$ to op5 ! ?rottle wide4 ,if ! eng9e beg9s to knock or o!rwise labor1 ret>d ! sp>k en\gh to ov]come ?is4 ,9 ! *apt] on 8,driv+ ! ,c>10 detail$ in/ructions = ! op]ation ( ! ge>s 9 hill climb+ & desc5d+ are giv54 ,/udy ^! rules closely & try out y\r c> on %ort grades be=e attempt+ long & /eep hills4 ,make sure t y "k h[ to op]ate ! lev]s = ge> %ift+ & !n take ?+s easy4 ,d n be 9 a hurry4 ,ha/e makes wa/e4 ,:ile _m high-p[]$ c>s1 & sometimes ^? ( less pret5ti\s build1 w take almo/ any hill on high ge>1 x is n always policy to d ?is4 ,"s mod]n motors are design$ ) a view to make ! climb+ ( hills easy1 b ev5 s1 ! climb made on second-spe$ ge> w take b a trifle long] & ! c> w n be submitt$ to ! trem5d\s /ra9 ( op]ation on high spe$4 ,x is all v well to boa/ t "o's c> w 8take ! wor/ hill on high10 b a bett] boa/ w\ld be t ! c> has /ood up = two or ?ree ye>s long] ?an ord9>y1 & c>e 9 ! op]ation w produce t result4 ,! driv] ^: eng9e is n 9 ! be/ ( condition & :i* is n deliv]+ its full p[]1 & especially if he is n fully v]s$ 9 %ift+ ! ge>s1 w\ld bett] n try to take a hill ( any l5g? or ( any consid]able grade on high4 ,inde$ x is wise to %ift into second ge> be=e />t+ up ! grade1 = no?+ is m unpleasant ?an /all+ ! eng9e half way up4 ,& he ought n to despise l[ spe$ if necess>y to negotiate ! hill )\t /ra9+ ! eng9e unduly4 ,motor+ is n j pil+ up mileage records or spe$+ across ! c\ntry z ?\gh ! devil 7 at "o's heels4 ,!re are a few ?+s m desirable ?an miles p] h\r1 ev5 ?\gh ! ,am]ican 8,get ,!re0 _s be abroad4 ,g5]ally speak+ !re is a direct relation betwe5 co/ p] mile & miles p] h\r1 & :ile "s own]s may be able to af=d tw5ty c5ts & upw>ds p] mile1 ! av]age own] does n c>e to indulge regul>ly 9 su* a co/ figure4 ,:5 x comes to desc5d+ /eep hills1 ! co/ does n figure s mu* z safety4 ,h[ (t5 "o sees c>s te>+ d[n a hill ) ! eng9e runn+1 ge> 9 high spe$1 & devil-may-c>e at ! :eel4 ,if ! driv]s realiz$ ! slight ?+s ^u :i* _! fate hangs at su* a "t !re w\ld be m c>e4 ,n9ety p] c5t4 ( all ! accid5ts to automobiles are ! result ( %e] c>elessness ( ! driv]s2 n9e p] c5t4 are f ! c>elessness ( "s o!r driv]2 only ab\t "o p] c5t4 c be set d[n to breaks ( p>ts1 bl[-outs1 or o!r ?+s n to be prev5t$ by ord9>y precautions4 ,on a slight & /raight hill x is all "r to g d[n on high spe$1 simply %utt+ (f ! ignition s t ! eng9e w act z a brake1 ! foot brake be+ us$ if necess>y2 b on a /eep hill x is f> wis] to %ift into second-spe$ or ev5 fir/-spe$ ge> be=e attempt+ to desc5d4 ,! eng9e w ex]t a p[]ful brak+ =ce 9 l[-spe$ ge>4 ,besides1 ! runn+ & em]g5cy brakes are to be us$ alt]nately1 s t on a long hill ! brake l9+s w n be burn$ up4 ,( c\rse ! clut* mu/ be left engag$ to secure ! brak+ effect ( ! eng9e4 ,x is a mighty bad ?+ to />t d[n a hill 9 high ge> & !n1 half way d[n1 f9d t brakes w n hold1 or t some?+ has gone wrong sudd5ly4 ,long & /eep hills r>ely are wide or smoo?2 !re are dit*es & humps & rocks1 sometimes1 & n>r[ places :]e !re is sc>ce room = two c>s to pass1 & less ?an p]fect control ( ! c> is p]il\s4 8,bett] be safe ?an sorry0 is a homely old saw1 b x is p]t95t4 ,ano!r ?+ is t ! hill spe$/] is "o ( ! greate/ m5aces to o!r driv]s s f> f\nd4 ,if "o c>es n = 8 own c> or neck1 at lea/ he %\ld h a c>e = ! o!rs on ! hill2 & :e!r x is on ! asc5t or desc5t ! spe$/] endang]s e "o else go+ 9 ei!r direction at ! same "t1 except p]haps ! fell[ :o is foll[+ him at a safe pace4 ,x is no com=t to "k t ! mortality is highe/ among ! spe$ fi5ds ( motordom2 occasionally !y raise ! mortality figure ( ! driv]s :o practice safety fir/4 ,,*apt] ,,xxxvi ,,keep+ ,,! ,,c> ,,sleek ,( c\rse1 if "o does n c>e = appe>ances1 & has no pride 9 ! bright & %9y v>ni% ( ! body & 9 ! abs5ce ( ru/9ess ( ! top1 & ?9ks because ! eng9e is "u ! hood no "o w see t x has be5 neglect$1 ?is section w n p>ticul>ly int]e/ ! read]4 ,b1 on ! o!r h&1 if ^! ?+s c\nt1 & ! own] und]/&s t true economy consi/s 9 keep+ n only ! runn+ p>ts 9 condition1 b ev]y?+ else at ! top not* ( p]fection1 !n he w he$ ! advice h]e94 ,j because x does n %[ to ! pass]-by1 _m ?9k t ! appe>ance ( ! eng9e does n c\nt2 t x is n ess5tial t x be kept free ( oil1 grease1 du/1 & corrosion ( iron & brass4 ,get ?is idea out ( ! head in/ant]4 ,x is false & has mu* to d ) breakd[n & we>-out ( ! motor4 ,! clean] x is kept ! long] w x run satisfactorily1 bo? z to tr\bles & to l5g? ( life4 ,"o may well err on ! side ( cleanl9ess r ?an be some:at slov5ly4 ,! motor ought to be clean$ (f on ! outside aft] any l5g?y trip1 or aft] any run :5 roads are du/y1 or oily1 or s&y4 ,"o may be z p>ticul> z possible1 yet !re w be "s oil or grease on ! motor ext]ior4 ,probably t :i* lodges ^u ! cyl9d]s w1 if !re is mu* hill climb+ to heat ! motor unduly1 make itself visible & smellable--visible 9 a ?9 /reak ( smoke com+ f ! hood1 & smellable to ! po9t ( (f5siv5ess :5 t /reak ( smoke /rikes ! olfactory n]ves4 ,b 9 mo/ in/ances x w rema9 ^u ! eng9e1 gradually becom+ a gum f ! dry+ up ( ! sub/ance & ! accretion ( du/ f ! road4 ,! long] x rema9s ! h>d] x is to remove x2 h5ce :5 ! "w is done 9 ! g>age e "t ! c> comes 91 x w take b a few m9utes & slight labor2 :ile if all[$ to accumulate1 x may mean h\rs' "w to get rid ( ! h>d deposit4 ,suffici5t in/ruction has be5 giv5 z to ! c>e ( ! work+ p>ts ( ! motor1 s t only ! ext]ior ne$ be consid]$ at ?is "t4 ,beg9 at ! top4 ,fir/ ( all see t ! wire t]m9als at ! sp>k plugs are free f corrosion & grease4 ,!y %\ld be dry & clean if !y are to transmit ! curr5t to ! plugs4 ,usually ! wires are c>ri$ 9 a tube to protect !m f heat & grease1 b n always4 ,9 any ev5t1 trace along ! wires to see t oil or grease is n pres5t ^u !m4 ,ei!r w rot ! rubb] insulation & cause a leak :i* w affect ! ignition4 ,exam9e all ! t]m9als "u ! hood = ! same purpose1 & e once 9 a :ile disconnect ! wires "o by "o & scrape ! t]m9als bright1 also ! contact po9t :]e t]m9al is fa/5$4 ,replace ! wires "o by "o z y clean !m s !y w n become dis>rang$4 ,see also t !re is no oil1 grease1 or dirt on ! sp>k plugs1 = x might =m a suffici5t pa? = curr5t to practically %ort-circuit ! plug4 ,wipe (f ! top ( ! cyl9d]s & bl[ out accumulations ( du/ f any recesses :]e x has collect$4 ,if !re is ?ick5$ or gummy oil ^u ! metal1 :i* w n wipe (f readily1 saturate ! wa/e or clo? 9 gasol9e at ! c>buretor drip cock1 & x w loos5 up quickly4 ,gasol9e is m conv5i5t1 b k]os5e w d ! "w bett]1 leav+ a surface less likely to ru/4 ,9 ! same way clean ! ext]ior ( all ! p>ts ( ! motor & ev]y?+ atta*$ to x4 ,:]e ! brass %[s corrosion1 use a clean+ comp\nd to remove x4 ,brass may be kept f corrod+ 9 wet wea!r by coat+ x ) :it+4 ,sev]al good comp\nds also are sold = ?is purpose4 ,bright iron p>ts may be kept f ru/+ by wip+ !m ) a rag damp5$ ) a ?9 oil1 :i* %\ld be wip$ (f regul>ly1 & !re nev] %\ld be en\gh to %[4 ,! fan1 fan belt1 pulleys1 ge> cas+s1 & o!r p>ts at ! front end collect mu* du/ & %\ld be kept clean4 ,! air holes ?r\gh ! radiator1 also1 mu/ be kept free ( du/1 oil1 & asphalt f oil$ roads4 ,9 fact e "p "u ! hood ne$s frequ5t clean+4 ,!re are "s p>ts ( ! *assis & und]ge> :i* w n be readily rea*$ by ! hose & wat] :5 clean+ ! body2 !re=e !y %\ld fir/ be rubb$ (f & clean$ ( dirt1 grease1 & accumulations ( asphalt f oil$ roads1 or mud4 ,d ?is :ile ! space "u ! c> is dry1 & if x is done regul>ly x w n be difficult to keep ?is "p ( ! c> 9 ord]4 ,! p>ts ( ! v>i\s rods & rock] %afts1 & p>ticul>ly ne> ! be>+s1 %\ld be kept clean4 ,if "o w make a 8creep]0 f :i* to "w :5 gett+ "u ! c>1 x w remove mo/ ( ! objections :i* driv]s h to 8gett+ "u40 ,take a bo>d ( twelve in*es wide & five feet long & m\nt ca/]s :i* move freely "u x4 ,at "o end place an incl9$ head or %\ld] re/ a foot long & ) f\r or five in*es' rise4 ,!n cov] ! upp] side ) c>pet1 padd$ to make x com=table4 ,ly+ d[n ^u ?is1 "o may move ab\t "u ! c> 9 ease & get at all ! me*anism readily4 ,x is n only good = clean+ "t1 b :5 inspect+ or oil+1 or tight5+ up ! bolts & nuts & be>+s :i* may be rea*$ only f b5ea? ! c>4 ,x also keeps "o (f a wet floor or gr\nd4 ,next take a hose1 if "o be available1 & play x freely all ov] ! body & runn+ ge>1 f5d]s1 mud gu>ds1 :eels1 ) c>e1 ( c\rse1 t ! uphol/]y be n spr9kl$ too mu*4 ,d a ?or\gh job ) ! hose b d n use a p[]ful /ream ^u ! highly poli%$ surfaces4 ,x w n only take (f du/ b loos5 up mud1 & ! =ce ( ! spray w take (f fre% accumulations ( asphalt f mud gu>ds & *assis4 ,!n ) ! hose play+ ahead1 use a s(t sponge to g ov] all ! p>ts to remove any rema9+ dirt & r9se d[n ) wat] alone4 ,next1 ) clo? & *amois dry ! woodwork & o!r pa9t$ surfaces until !y %9e4 ,:]e mud & asphalt are dri$ & refractory1 o!r means mu/ be tak5 to remove !m be=e r9s+ & dry+4 ,mud may be s(t5$ by hold+ a saturat$ sponge ov] x = a few mom5ts4 ,if ! mud be mix$ ) oil or grease s t wat] does n s(t5 x1 k]os5e w1 & x does n take mu* ( x4 ,k]os5e also w s(t5 ! asphalt :i* cl+s to ! c>4 ,grease & oil also yield to k]os5e1 :i* %\ld be wip$ (f & ! pa9t$ p>ts poli%$ ) a clo? damp5$ ) l9se$ oil4 ,naturally ?is %\ld be wip$ (f completely s t x w\ld n become a du/ cat*]4 ,d n use soap on ! highly poli%$ surfaces ( ! body4 ,mo/ soaps h free alkali--lye--9 _! composition1 & :ile ?is makes !m cut dirt & grease fa/1 x injures ! v>ni%$ surface1 9 a %ort "t we>+ (f ! gloss4 ,wa%+ is ! bett] done :5 ! hose only is us$4 ,9 ! c\ntry1 :]e a hose is n available1 ! wa%+ w be sl[]1 s9ce ! wat] 9 a pail mu/ be r5ew$ frequ5tly & ! sponge r9s$ practically e /roke to rid x ( grit4 ,:]e x is possible to run a l9e f tank to ! g>age1 or1 if !re is no tank1 f an elevat$ b>rel1 :i* c be fill$ ) a =ce pump1 x %\ld be done4 ,!re are v>i\s prep>ations sold = r5ew+ ! surface ( auto bodies aft] x beg9s to dull4 ,good gloss %\ld la/ a ye> ) c>e1 especially if x be wip$ ov] occasionally ) a s(t clo? damp5$ ) a mixture ( l9se$ oil & a little high-grade c>riage v>ni%--a half p9t to ! gallon ( oil4 ,z !re is a wide v>iation 9 bo? +r$i5ts1 if ! mixture seems /icky :5 rubb$ betwe5 ! f+]s or :5 appli$ to ! c> surface1 add consid]ably m oil1 z x is n int5d$ z a new cov]+ = ! pa9t1 b to fre%5 up ! v>ni%4 ,mohair tops ne$ to be du/$ ) a moi/ sponge1 us+ also soapsuds if spott$ ) oil or grease4 ,lea!r & its imitations may be kept 9 good condition if oil$ occasionally or treat$ ) "o ( ! good prep>ations sold4 ,! top %\ld be dri$ be=e fold+ d[n4 ,aft] driv+ ?r\gh a %[] let ! top /ay up until sun & w9d h dri$ x ?or\ghly4 ,c>e 9 fold+ w l5g!n ! life ( ! top4 ,fre$om f cracks & creases w mean a dry top1 to insure :i* is wor? any am\nt ( tr\ble4 ,keep+ ! c> cov]$ :5 9 ! g>age pays1 = du/ w bl[ 9 & settle ov] all p>ts4 ,! uphol/]y also may be protect$ by slip cov]s1 :i* %\ld be kept on dur+ du/y trips1 & be wa%$ :5 dirty4 ,lea!r cu%ions %\ld be fre%5$ ! same z ! top4 ,! man :o has c>$ = a f9e c>riage w "k :at to d ) simil> p>ts ( ! automobile2 o!rs %\ld le>n h[ to c>e = !m1 & und]/& t v>ni%$ & poli%$ surfaces w become dull$ if ! c> is /or$ 9 a /able1 or adjac5t to /able or b>ny>d4 ,if a b>n is conv]t$ into a g>age1 x %\ld be ?or\ghly r5ovat$ & fitt$ ) a cem5t floor slop+ to ! c5t]1 ) a dra9 lead+ outside1 s t ! c> may be wa%$ !re & ! wat] run (f ?r\gh ! dra94 ,9 fact ! own] ( a c> may f9d some?+ to d all ! "t = conv5i5ce & com=t4 ,if he arranges ?+s conv5i5tly he w n only save "t b w be able to d bett] "w1 & w h ! satisfaction ( kn[+ t he is keep+ d[n exp5se & gett+ ! mo/ out ( 8 ma*9e = ! exp5diture4 ,,*apt] ,,xxxvii ,,"s ,,?+s ,a ,,t\ri/ ,,%\ld ,,"k ,^! are ! days ( ! t\r & to ?\s&s m ea* ye> x means a trip by automobile to lake or m\nta91 or ! m pret5ti\s visit to ! old home1 or to "s new1 & to ! t\ri/1 undiscov]$1 c\ntry4 ,! t\ri/ :o goes by auto fully prep>$ = ! em]g5cies :i* may arise1 unhamp]$ by railway s*$ule1 & :o w take "t to enjoy himself1 w get untold pleasure out ( ! trip4 ,! spe$/] kn[s no?+ ( ! pleasure ( t\r+1 & ! fell[ :o is always worry+ le/ he %all n make ,squ$unk ,corn]s 9 "t to eat & get to ,possum ,cross+ = ! night w be wat*+ ! road map & ! clock on ! da% s closely t ! beauties nature has lavi%ly scatt]$ ab\t w be lo/ ^u him1 & 8 memory ( ! trip w be a procession ( eat+ & sleep+ h\ses1 ) tr\ble betwe5 !m all4 ,! man :o is />t+ out = ! t\r ) a new c>1 :i* has be5 tri$ out en\gh to be sure t x is 9 condition1 ne$ only "k t he has ) him ! ?+s mo/ likely to be ne$$ = an em]g5cy1 b if ! c> has be5 9 s]vice = sev]al mon?s or m1 he ought to give x a 8once ov]0 at lea/ be=e />t+4 ,"o ( ! ?+s to att5d to is refill+ ! ge> cases4 ,bo? ! transmission & diff]5tial cases %\ld be dra9$ ( all oil & wa%$ out c>efully ) k]os5e4 ,at ! same "t ! ge>s %\ld be exam9$ closely to see if !y are 9 good %ape4 ,"o may f9d "o or two tee? *ipp$1 ?\gh n brok5 en\gh to make ! condition kn[n by s\nd4 ,x probably 0 too h>d orig9ally & ! break is n ! fault ( ! driv]1 b x %\ld be replac$1 = x is likely to give tr\ble at any "t4 ,:5 clean$1 ! cases %\ld be refill$ ) ! prop] am\nt ( new lubricant1 b n too mu*1 because !n x w "w out & scatt] ov] ! c> & probably get on ! brake drums & make !m slip4 ,! crank case ( ! eng9e %\ld be dra9$ & clean$ out ) k]os5e & fre% oil be put 94 ,if ! oil+ sy/em is work+ prop]ly1 x is be/ to let x alone & see t x is kept fill$ ) ! prop] quality ( lubricant :ile on ! road4 ,( c\rse ! grease cups %\ld be fill$ & all po9ts :i* are lubricat$ by oil f a squirt c %\ld be tak5 c>e (4 ,! :eel be>+s all %\ld be exam9$ to det]m9e _! condition & to see t !y are prop]ly lubricat$4 ,if v dirty !y %\ld be clean$ & fre% grease be appli$4 ,x is well to c>ry an extra gallon ( eng9e oil 9 ! c>1 also a small c ( grease4 ,g>ages are pl5ty1 b sometimes an accid5t occurs :i* causes a loss ( ! ma9 supply ( oil & makes x impossible to drive ev5 a mile )\t an extra supply4 ,likewise if ! gasol9e tank is n provid$ ) an em]g5cy tank or *amb]1 an extra gallon ( gasol9e %\ld be c>ri$4 ,conv5i5t em]g5cy tanks = ?is purpose may be pur*as$ at any accessory /ore4 ,bo? sets ( brakes %\ld be c>efully exam9$ to see t ! l9+ is n worn too ?9 & t ! diff]5t p9s & clevises ( ! brake l9kage are n worn s z to be weak & likely to give away 9 t\r+ "u extraord9>y pressure4 ,(t5 9 t\r+ "o comes ^u unexpect$ grades1 "s ( !m miles long1 & ! t\ri/ %\ld be prep>$ = prolong$ & extraord9>y s]vice4 ,illu/ration3 ,,brake ,,lev]s ,,& ,,l9kage1 ,,%[+ ,,equaliz+ ,,rod ,,& ,,spr+s ,:]e prolong$ s]vice is requir$ x %\ld be possible to use ! two sets ( brakes alt]nately4 ,9 ?is connection x is well to keep 9 m9d t on long grades consid]able brak+ may be done by cutt+ (f ! ignition & all[+ ! c> to turn ! eng9e ov] 9 high or int]m$iate ge>4 ,keep+ ! c> d[n to a r l[ spe$ 9 ?is mann] w also be f\nd to save burn+ up ! brake l9+s4 ,x is ( ! utmo/ necessity to keep ! brake drums free f oil4 ,:5 ! c> is driv5 out into ! c\ntry ! cr[n ( ! road tilts ! c> ov]1 s t if !re is too mu* oil 9 ! diff]5tial case x w "w ?r\gh ! axle h\s+ to ! brake drum on ! "r side4 ,( c\rse ?is is tak5 c>e ( l>gely z previ\sly advis$1 by w9d+ felt ar\nd ! axle1 or by n hav+ too mu* lubricant 9 ! diff]5tial1 al?\gh en\gh is v necess>y4 ,if ! eng9e %[s any t5d5cy to knock on ! hill x w\ld be well to h ! c>bon remov$ be=e />t+4 ,x is v disagreeable to h to take a hill on second spe$ t c\ld be tak5 on high if ! ?rottle c\ld be kept op5 )\t caus+ knock+4 ,trips may be practically spoil$ by ! fact t ! eng9e is full ( c>bon & does n h suffici5t p[] to negotiate ! hills4 ,( c\rse ! c> %\ld be gone ov] sy/ematically to see t all nuts are tight & prop]ly suppli$ ) cott] p9s or lock wa%]s4 ,all p>ts %\ld be scrut9iz$ c>efully to see t !re are no crack$ or badly worn p>ts likely to give out "u ! sev]e /ra9 ( t\r+4 ,! compression ( ! eng9e %\ld be te/$ & if f\nd weak 9 any cyl9d] ! valves %\ld be gr\nd 94 ,sp>k plugs %\ld be made p]fectly clean1 magneto int]rupt] po9ts clean$ & adju/$ to gauge & high-t5sion di/ributor clean$ out1 & ! batt]y %\ld be te/$ to make sure x is 9 normal condition4 ,if almo/ dis*>g$1 a *>ge %\ld be giv5 x f "s ext]nal s\rce4 ,! commutators ( ! g5]ator & />t+ motor %\ld be exam9$ & if badly scor$ !y w ne$ to be tru$ up4 ,if ! /orage batt]y is dep5d$ ^u entirely = ignition1 a set ( dry cells %\ld be c>ri$ s t 9 case ( entire failure ( ! /orage batt]y1 ignition & lights may be _h = a %ort "t1 ev5 ?\gh ! eng9e has to be crank$ by h&4 ,"s annoyance may be sav$ by exam9+ ! spr+s to see if !re is a crack$ leaf to be replac$4 ,spr+ repair atta*m5ts are sold1 b x dep5ds ^u ! +5uity ( ! individual :e!r repairs ( ?is sort c be made ^u ! road4 ,9 addition to tools & ! o!r ?+s previ\sly recomm5d$ to be c>ri$1 ! t\ri/ %\ld take at lea/ "o set ( electric bulbs = ! c>4 ,sp>k plugs may be clean$ ) v little tr\ble1 b x is h&i] to c>ry two or ?ree extra ones = quick ex*ange1 clean+ ! ones remov$ at ! end ( ! day1 or at ! noon /op4 ,"o or two extra tires c>ri$ inflat$ & on ! rims are usual1 & x is wise to h two or ?ree extra inn] tubes4 ,if "o does h tire tr\ble x seems to come 9 bun*es & x is j z well to be prep>$ = ! wor/4 ,! t\ri/ :o is travel+ v f> f g>ages %\ld c>ry also pat*es & cem5t4 ,( c\rse ea* c> w c>ry a real fire ext+ui%] & a t[ rope4 ,if y d n ne$ to be t[$ out ( a mud hole y\rself someone else w4 ,be prep>$4 ,mo/ driv]s l to h along a spool ( anneal$ wire1 a pair ( side-cutt+ pli]s1 & a roll ( tire tape4 ,x is really wond]ful :at an +5i\s man c d ) ^! ?+s4 ,! tools to be c>ri$ %\ld be suffici5t to d ord9>y road repairs & ! outfit sugge/$ 9 a previ\s *apt] is recomm5d$4 ,z previ\sly /at$1 x is n ! man :o ru%es ar\nd & plans maximum di/ances = ea* day's run :o gets ! mo/ out ( ! t\r2 he makes "w out ( pleasure keep+ up ) a s*$ule4 ,x is bett] to all[ m "t = ! runs1 & !n if "o gets ahead ( s*$ule to lay (f a half day & see ! sights & keep ! c> 9 condition4 ,,*apt] ,,xxxviii ,,little ,,knocks ,,are ,,h>dly ,,boo/s ,"o ( ! wor/ ?+s ) :i* ! autoi/ has to cont5d me*anically is ! accumulation ( c>bon 9 ! cyl9d]s1 clogg+ ! pi/on r+s1 fill+ & %ort-circuit+ ! sp>k plugs & caus+ a knock :i* is n only annoy+1 b productive ( tr\ble soon] or lat]4 ,!re are v>i\s reasons = ! accumulation ( c>bon1 su* z poor gas1 defective ignition1 insuffici5t pressure1 b few h assign$ z a cause ( c>bon tr\ble & knock+ a too high cyl9d] compression4 ,too high compression occasions mu* ( ! knock ord9>ily assign$ to o!r causes4 ,eng9es are design$ ) a c]ta9 size combu/ion *amb]1 & ) a *amb] ( t size to get a c]ta9 compression 9 p\nds p] squ>e in*4 ,! ne>] we get to ! po9t ( pre-ignition )\t actually rea*+ pre-ignition1 ! m effici5tly w ! eng9e op]ate4 ,pre-ignition1 ( c\rse1 w\ld make a knock4 ,a good _m manufactur]s make ! compression figure j z high z !y d>e1 ) ! result t1 :5 ! c>bon =ms1 ! size ( ! combu/ion *amb] is r$uc$ & ! pressure is rais$ to su* a degree t x w cause pre-ignition & its resultant knock4 ,:5 a manufactur] tells ! buy] t 8 eng9e is pro( aga9/ c>bon & ! knock+ occasion$ !reby1 he probably is try+ to (fset m s]i\s 8knocks0 ! c> is receiv+ f disgruntl$ us]s4 ,?is is an in/ance :i* illu/rates ! po9t3 ,a fri5d ( m9e has a f\r-cyl9d] eng9e 9 "o ( ! lat] models ( a well-kn[n c> ( high spe$ & p[]4 ,on sev]al occasions we h be5 driv+ 9 & ne> ! city &1 aft] ab\t #abe miles1 we seem$ always to h tr\ble ) knock+ 9 climb+ hills4 ,on "o trip my fri5d _h ! c>bon burn$ out c>efully be=e />t+4 ,ab\t ! "t we rea*$ ! end ( ! trip ! eng9e began to knock on ! hills f ! collection ( c>bon4 ,on our return he _h ! c>bon burn$ out aga9 & ! knock ceas$4 ,i advis$ him to raise ! cyl9d]s "o-f\r? ( an in* by a fib] gasket "u ea* cyl9d] ca/+1 ?us increas+ ! size ( ! combu/ion *amb] & naturally less5+ ! compression4 ,he also _h to adju/ ! wat] connection & raise ! valve pu% rods1 & a few ?+s ( t sort4 ,he ran ! c> upw>ds ( #bjjj miles aft] t be=e x began to %[ any signs ( knock+ "u sev]e conditions1 indicat+ t ! cyl9d]s ne$$ to h ! c>bon remov$4 ,:]e ! knock is caus$ 9 ?is way by a slight compression increase1 x indicates t ! manufactur] has put ! pressure z high z ! eng9e w /&1 & ! only way to cure x is by rais+ ! cyl9d]s or l[]+ ! pi/ons4 ,! gasket is ! simpl] me?od4 ,?is tr\ble 0 v obvi\s 9 "o model ( c> us$ = road in/ruction at ! ,automobile ,s*ool4 ,no am\nt ( ord9>y adju/m5t & clean+ out ( ! c>bon w\ld keep ! c> f knock+ aft] v %ort s]vice4 ,x 0 tak5 to ! s]vice /ation sev]al times & return$ ) ! rem>k t x w\ld 8be all "r n[40 ,x 0 n all "r4 ,f9ally ! reque/ 0 made to let ! c> rema9 at ! /ation sev]al days & ! exp]ts w\ld see :at c\ld be done4 ,:5 x 0 return$ ! tr\ble 0 cur$4 ,b :5 ! exp]t 0 ask$ :at _h be5 done he repli$3 8,no?+ mu*40 ,he admitt$ clean+ out ! c>bon & adju/+ ! c>buretor4 ,b a /ill hunt 0 made = ! corrective cause & x 0 discov]$ t fib] gaskets _h be5 put "u ! cyl9d]s4 ,!y 7 cam\flag$ ) enamel to conceal _! pres5ce1 _! exi/5ce 0 d5i$1 & !y 7 l ! man )\t a c\ntry1 8unhonor$ & unsung10 b !y did ! trick1 & until ! c> 0 retir$ because ( old age & decrepitude ! gaskets /ood betwe5 ! eng9e & ! knock4 ,p]haps if t ag5t picks up ?is volume "o day he w be surpris$ to f9d t 8 subt]fuge 0 discov]$4 ,x may h be5 8 little secret4 ,! own] :o le>ns ?is rem$y = knock+ due to c>bon & high compression w be sav$ a lot ( worry & be enabl$ to cure ! eng9e's ills1 or h x done at ! %op4 ,b take x f ! writ] t c>bon accumulation w cause any ( ! high compression eng9es to knock1 & ! only way to cure x is to less5 ! compression or cont9ually clean out c>bon4 ,also ! only simple way to l[] ! compression is to raise ! cyl9d] ) a fib] gasket4 ,,*apt] ,,xxxix ,,"s ,,o!r ,,causes ,,( ,,knock+ ,! motori/ mu/ n imag9e t all knocks come f too great compression1 h[ev]1 = !re are 8fifty-sev5 o!r v>ieties0 ( knock to be tak5 into consid]ation4 ,he mu/ n take x = grant$ t ! cyl9d]s are fill+ up ) c>bon if ! eng9e />ts knock+ :ile out on ! road1 nor is x a =egone conclusion t ! ma9 be>+s are loose4 ,! knock may be f a totally diff]5t s\rce4 ,9 fact !re are s _m diff]5t k9ds ( knocks t ev5 an exp]t _c always tell j :]e "o comes f )\t totally dis-assembl+ ! eng9e4 ,ev5 !n x sometimes puzzles him a lot by its elusiv5ess4 ,mo/ eng9es h a knock ( "s sort :i* annoys ! driv]1 :i* might v>y f a b>ely p]ceptible click to a bl[ t may be he>d by p]sons /&+ on ! sidewalk4 ,a great _m ( ! knocks d n d any h>m2 t is1 !y are n caus+ any damage to ! eng9e p>ts2 b !re are "s knocks :i* require imm$iate att5tion to prev5t ! demolition ( ! eng9e or s]i\sly damag+ x4 ,"s ( ^! are loose connect+-rod be>+2 cyl9d] loose on its base2 lack ( lubrication & consequ5t ov]heat+2 & a brok5 revolv+ or reciprocat+ memb]1 :i* might te> ?+s up if all[$ to run4 ,! sp>k advanc$ too f> puts an excessive /ra9 on ! crank %aft1 & a %ort circuit 9 ! ignition does ! same4 ,on ! o!r h& !re is no imm$iate dang] if !re is a pi/on slap1 ?\gh pretty noisy2 nor is !re :5 ! oil pump gives a ?ump or l\d click at ! valve seat+4 ,b on g5]al pr9ciples :5 !re is a knock its cause %\ld be asc]ta9$ at once & exp]t advice be obta9$ z to :e!r x is dang]\s4 ,if s1 x mu/ be fix$ be=e runn+ fur!r4 ,if x is only a m9or knock ! repair c be left to a m conv5i5t "t4 ,s _m ( ! knocks are only a matt] ( annoyance2 t is1 !y d no m h>m ?an to cause ! driv] unnecess>y n]ve j>s & to spoil ! pleasure ( rid+4 ,b he w bo!r ! v>i\s g>age m5 & ev]ybody else he c get to li/5 & !n w n accept ! assurance t ! knock is n do+ ! c> any h>m4 ,z a matt] ( fact !re are knocks peculi> to c]ta9 makes ( eng9es t ! manufactur]s h n se5 fit to elim9ate because !y are n h>mful4 ,among ^! is ! s-call$ 8gas knock40 ,n[ ! writ]s d n "k :at a 8gas knock0 is1 & d\bt if anybody else does4 ,b x is a common t]m = ! k9d ( a knock :i* _c be locat$ any:]e & x is laid to "s action ( ! gas4 ,sometimes ! knocks are h>d to locate4 ,"o ( ! s*ool c>s ne$$ a new cam-%aft ge> to replace a worn "o :i* produc$ a knock4 ,x 0 put on1 b :5 ! eng9e 0 />t$ x 0 f\nd t !re 0 a worse knock ?an be=e4 ,x took a long "t to f9d t x 0 ! new ge>4 ,x fitt$ v tight on ! %aft & _h to be =c$ on4 ,)\t be+ noticeable ! =c+ _h crack$ ! hub1 ! crack ext5d+ ?r\gh ! rim1 s t two ( ! tee? 7 out ( true & _h spread en\gh to p\nd :5 t portion ( ! ge> came into me%4 ,ano!r knock difficult to locate is caus$ by /ick+ exhau/ valves4 ,"o ( ! valve /ems has be5 oil$1 say1 & ?is has be5 all[$ to burn to a nice /icky pa/e4 ,n[1 :5 ! pu% rod op5s ! valve & />ts d[n ! valve does n foll[ closely4 ,! spr+ br+s x d[n1 ( c\rse1 b m sl[ly ?an x %\ld1 because ( ! /icky /em1 & :5 ! /em & pu% rod meet !re is a ?ump4 ,x is ord9>ily said t a lean mixture or an ov] advanc$ sp>k w cause knock+4 ,z a matt] ( fact !y d n d any?+ ( ! k9d2 b x is true t ^! ?+s br+ to our notice o!r faults1 su* z a worn pi/on or cyl9d] wall & consequ5t side slap1 or !y magnify "s o!r worn "p s t x becomes audible4 ,z a matt] ( fact x is possible to advance ! sp>k s f> t x w try to rev]se ! eng9e & n h a p>ticle ( knock4 ,& x is possible to h a mixture s lean t x w h>dly run ! eng9e yet h no knock2 b if !re is some?+ else wrong x w br+ t out4 ,"s ( ! causes ( knock+ discov]$ at ! s*ool h be5 collat$ & are giv5 = ! in/ruction ( ! novice3 ,me*anical ,loos5ess1 ,due to ,improp] ,adju/m5t1 or ,we>3 ,loose connect+-rod be>+1 crank-p9 end4 ,crank-p9 be>+ out ( r\nd4 ,ma9 be>+s ( crank %aft loose4 ,be>+s too tight4 ,wri/ p9 loose 9 pi/on4 ,wri/ p9 loose 9 upp] end ( connect+ rod4 ,wri/ p9 n 9 l9e ) crank %aft1 caus+ side slap4 ,pi/on r+ loose 9 slot or brok54 ,cam foll[] guide won4 ,cam loose on %aft4 ,worn cams 7,flat spot74 ,fly-:eel loose on crank %aft 7old models ) key$-on :eel74 ,fly-:eel out ( balance4 ,worn or brok5 tim+-ge> tee?4 ,cyl9d] loose at its base4 ,tim+ ge>s loose on %aft4 ,eng9e loose f frame4 ,pi/on too small = cyl9d]1 caus+ side slap4 ,poor pu%-rod adju/m5t--gap too great4 ,exhau/ or inlet valve /ick+ 9 guide4 ,sp>k plug t\*+ valve4 ,magneto c\pl+ loose4 ,fan-belt c\pl+ /rik+ pulley4 ,fan blades /rik+ some?+4 ,worn cyl9d]1 caus+ side slap4 ,b5t crank %aft4 ,faulty ,ignition3 ,sp>k advanc$ too f>4 ,sp>k too late1 caus+ ov]heat+4 ,%ort circuits 9 ignition sy/em caus+ irregul> sp>k4 ,sp>k-plug po9ts con/ruct$ wrong1 caus+ !m to ov]heat4 ,sp>k plug 9 poor position4 ,wrong tim+ ( ignition sy/em2 too e>ly1 too late1 or wrong ord]4 ,dirty di/ributor1 misdirect+ ! curr5t4 ,faulty ,c>buretion3 ,pre-ignition1 due to excessive c>bon deposits4 ,ri* mixture1 caus+ ov]heat+4 ,lean mixture1 9 conjunction ) worn p>ts4 ,faulty ,lubrication3 ,lack ( oil4 ,lubricants ( poor quality4 ,excess ( oil caus+ c>bon deposit4 ,ov]heat+ ( ,eng9e3 ,fan n work+4 ,pump p>ts n revolv+4 ,radiator clogg$4 ,pipe l9es clogg$4 ,rubb] hose defective inside1 block+ fl[ ( wat]4 ,ignition tim$ too late4 ,faulty ,compression3 ,eng9e design$ ) too high compression1 caus+ pre-ignition :5 ?rottle is wide op54 99 99 99 99 99 ,!re are1 ( c\rse1 _m o!r causes :i* contribute to ! little noises :i* accompany ! c> along ! road1 b ! novice w f9d "h ! mo/ common ones1 & by a process ( elim9ation may arrive at 8 p>ticul> bane2 to f9d x naturally sugge/s ! cure4 ,!re=e1 /op t knock+4 ,,*apt] ,,xl ,,*assis ,,knocks ,does y\r c> *att]8 ,does x talk to y & prote/ aga9/ runn+ ov] holes & bumps 9 ! road8 ,if x does1 x is a sign to :i* y %\ld pay att5tion1 a h9t t y %\ld d away ) ! knocks & clicks & *att]+ :i* annoy y & ev]ybody else )9 he>+ z y run along4 ,t is1 if y c f9d !m1 = !re are "s noises s obscure z to defy detection ev5 by ! exp]t4 ,su* 0 ! c> :i* develop$ a %>p click :5ev] x 0 />t$ =w>d or backw>d4 ,x ran q a long "t be=e x 0 possible to discov] j :at & :]e x 04 ,x 0 some:]e 9 ! back1 b s hidd5 z to defy detection4 ,! re> axle 0 ( ! float+ type1 ! con/ruction 9 :i* ! driv+ %aft is connect$ to ! hub ( ! :eel by a numb] ( flut+s on ! %aft1 into :i* correspond+ projections ( ! flange fitt$4 ,^! _h become worn & all[$ suffici5t play to cause a noise4 ,by walk+ alongside ( ! re> :eel :ile ! c> 0 be+ />t$ & /opp$1 x 0 decid$ t ! s\nd came f ! hub ( ! :eel4 ,! hub cap 0 remov$ & by plac+ ! f+] on ! hub flange & end ( %aft at ! same "t ! play 0 detect$ by ! s5se ( feel+1 ?\gh x 0 h>dly visible to ! eye4 ,! tr\ble 0 ov]come by hav+ ! %aft weld$ to ! flange4 ,a few days lat] ! own] happ5$ to be at ! ag5cy & told :at he _h f\nd4 8,s glad y came10 0 ! response1 8= we h be5 look+ = ! same k9d ( a click a long "t ourselves & ! s]vice-/ation me*anics h n be5 able to locate x4 ,!y ?\ght x 0 9 ! brake1 b ^u exam9ation c\ld see no reason = a click40 ,!re h be5 cases :]e ! :eel 0 key$ on1 & :]e ! keys _h acquir$ suffici5t play to cause a cont9u\s knock+1 especially :5 ! ma*9e 0 be+ driv5 at l[ spe$4 ,?is sort ( knock+ is m likely to occur ) ! f\r-cyl9d]1 sl[-spe$ eng9e ?an ) ! high-spe$1 _m-cyl9d]$ type4 ,a my/]i\s knock may sometimes be trac$ to ! torque rod1 :5 x becomes loose at ! =w>d end1 or to worn torque-tube be>+s1 & 9 "s cases ! bolts fa/5+ ! torque rods to ! re> axle become loos5$1 or worn1 caus+ a knock1 especially :5 go+ ov] bumps or dropp+ into holes4 ,! brake rods become worn & set up a cont9u\s clatt]+ on r\gh roads & ?is noise is acc5tuat$ if ! tires are kept inflat$ at too high a pressure4 ,z a matt] ( fact ! c> own] has ! *oice betwe5 ! greate/ life = 8 tires & accompany+ rattles & discom=ts1 & rid+ at a suffici5tly l[ pressure to subdue ^! noises & make life 9 a c> wor? liv+2 ( c\rse !re w be an att5dant high] we> ( tires4 ,:]e ! we> _c be tak5 up by adju/m5ts or us+ new bolts or p9s1 (t5 ! rattle may be end$ by wir+ a spiral spr+ to ! frame & rattl+ "p4 ,?is keeps x taut4 ,worn spr+-%ackle bolts w n ord9>ily cause knock+ or rattl+1 b :5 go+ ov] bumps or holes ! reb\nd ( ! body is suffici5t to make ! loos5ess audible4 ,x c be ov]come by hav+ a new bolt put 91 & prev5t$ by keep+ ! bolts well lubricat$4 ,worn /e]+-knuckle p9s & tie-rod bolts w sometimes be f\nd responsible = knocks & rattles 9 ! front end ( ! c>4 ,! rem$y is obvi\s & ! location ( ! noise is n s h>d to f9d4 ,9 addition to ^! we h rattles due to tools be+ ?r[n loosely into ! tool box1 & sometimes f ! body bolts hav+ become loos5$4 ,! lamps occasionally jolt loose & ! lic5se-plate bracket is sometimes s loose t x is audible z well z visible4 ,!re are o!r knocks due to brok5 ge> tee? & o!r brok5 p>ts1 & sometimes ^! brok5 tee?1 loose nuts1 bolts1 or p9s 9 ge> or diff]5tial case become w$g$ betwe5 ! ge> tee? & cause a knock+ t is n h>d to locate1 albeit r exp5sive to repair4 ,& !n !re are ! knocks & rattles f ! hundr$ or m accessories :i* are atta*$ to ! *assis ( _m c>s & :i* soon] or lat] develop defects & noise4 ,! up-to-date1 well-design$ c> 9 p]fect %ape is practically noiseless1 & if a knock or rattle develops x indicates t some?+ is worn or out ( adju/m5t1 & ne$s att5tion4 ,! own] :o takes c>e to h all p>ts prop]ly lubricat$ & kept tight ne$ fe> none ( ^! annoyances1 & prop] att5tion means lack ( annoyance :5 out t\r+1 :ile slov5ly habits w adv]tise !mselves to ev]yone along ! road4 ,,*apt] ,,xli ,,keep+ ,,d[n ,,! ,,auto ,,upkeep ,if ! g5]al run ( auto own]s & *auffeurs d n m5d _! ways city /reets w be pav$ ) a mixture ( asphalt & auto p>ts & c\ntry roads w be lucrative fields = ! junkman4 ,anyone :o d\bts ?is ne$ b inspect ! pavem5t at busy corn]s & see :at a collection ( junk is /rewn along1 p>ticul>ly at ! places :]e _m c>s make sudd5 /ops4 ,to illu/rate3 ,! o!r day a c> /opp$ & ! driv] pond]$ :at 0 ! matt] t ! eng9e _h no p[]4 ,fail+ to get a solution1 z he 0 ne> a g>age1 he call$ = a me*anic to look x ov]4 8,a few m9utes ago10 he said1 8! eng9e _h s mu* p[] ,i c\ldn't /op x :5 ,i want$ to2 n[ ,i c't make x pull at all40 8,op5 y\r ?rottle10 ! me*anic said4 8,! ?rottle is op510 0 ! response4 8,oh1 ,i see10 said ! workman1 & he disappe>$ into ! g>age4 ,9 a few m9utes he reappe>$ ) a small bolt & proce$$ to connect ! ?rottle l9kage s t ! lev] & accel]ator p$al w\ld op5 ! ?rottle :5 mov$4 ,:at _h happ5$ 0 t ?r\gh neglect ! bolt _h work$ loose & dropp$ out s t ! lev] did n move ! ?rottle arm1 & advanc+ ! lev] _h no effect4 ,?is bolt probably is "o ( ^? to be f\nd imb$d$ 9 ! pavem5t some:]e ab\t ! city4 ,an exam9ation ( ! pavem5t ( any ( ! automobile ?or\ghf>es w reveal ne>ly all ! fifty-sev5 v>ieties ( auto accessory p>ts 9 ! asphalt4 ,a great _m ( ! bits ( metal f\nd !re w be brok5 skid-*a9 l9ks1 b ! writ] c\nt$ tw5ty-six diff]5t species ( o!r lo/ p>ts 9 cross+ ,fifty-sev5? ,/reet at ,eigh? ,av5ue1 ,new ,york ,city4 ,:ile c\nt+ !m a driv] came along & 0 unable to /op 8 c> prop]ly--! brake did n "w & he _h to use ! em]g5cy brake aft] ne>ly runn+ ov] a p$e/rian4 ,he got out & f\nd t a p9 0 gone 9 ! brake l9kage4 ,a spr+ cott] _h work$ out or %e>$ (f & ! p9 _h rattl$ loose & dropp$ out4 ,_m ( ! /ray p>ts are ( a simil> nature2 nuts1 bolts1 wa%]s1 screws1 cott] p9s & ! l :i* h work$ loose because ( neglect4 ,_! abs5ce w d\btless acc\nt = a good _m ( ! rattles & squeaks :i* _! =m] own] is n[ compla9+ (1 & to replace :i* he w pay ! g>age man sev]al times _! value4 ,! av]age in/ruction book giv5 ) a c> w advise ! own] to g ov] ! c> e s (t5 & tight5 up ! bolts & nuts z a precaution>y measure1 b usually no att5tion is paid to ?is until ! c> /ops or develops "s unusual s\nd4 ,!n a me*anic is call$ 9 & x takes him a c\ple ( h\rs to f9d ! cause ( ! tr\ble1 :ile ! own] /&s ar\nd curs+ ! mak] ( ! c>4 ,probably a good _m ( ^! p>ts along ! road are due to c>eless me*anics :o drop small p>ts 9 ! du/ pan & w n take ! tr\ble to fi% !m out1 or leave !m on ! runn+ bo>d & aft] a "t !y j> (f to ! roadway2 b x %[s !re is a lot ( c>elessness among driv]s :5 !y ev5 lose numb] plates & hub caps4 ,a pair ( brass hub caps pick$ up along ! road & :i* h be5 turn$ into a% trays are among ! writ]'s trophies4 ,! loss ( ! hub caps all[s grit to get into ! be>+s & to prev5t ?is z f> z possible by mak+ ! driv] take c>e ( !m1 ! prices ( extra caps h be5 made entirely out ( proportion to _! real value by "s manufactur]s4 ,"s ( ! lo/ p>ts are ( su* %ape t !y w\ld v readily puncture a tire1 s t !y are n only a loss to ! own] ( ! c> f :i* !y dropp$1 b to ! fell[ :o foll[s & picks !m up = a punctur$ tire4 ,! writ] has se5 ! p9 hold+ 9 place ! tie rod1 :i* keeps ! :eels 9 alignm5t1 drop out1 & 9 ano!r case1 hunt+ a knock1 f\nd ! cyl9d] loose on ! base because ! nuts _h be5 )\t lock wa%]s1 or cott] p9s1 & _h work$ loose4 ,!y might 9 "t h work$ (f entirely & !re w\ld h be5 a 8cyl9d] miss+40 ,he has also se5 ! entire eng9e loose on ! frame s t x 0 do+ a fox trot :ile runn+4 ,driv]s %\ld keep wat* ( ! non-skid *a9s1 = !y we> & drop cross l9ks (t54 ,! driv] :o wi%es to avoid p]sonal annoyance & annoyance to ev]ybody else )9 he>+ di/ance1 w take pa9s to see t ! cross l9ks are nev] s loose t !y hit ! mud gu>ds1 nor h brok5 ends :i* hit4 ,a spool ( wire w enable "o to fa/5 brok5 or loose cross l9ks to ! side *a9s & repair l9ks c be put 9 :5 ! g>age is rea*$4 ,! own] %\ld become well acqua9t$ ) 8 c>1 s t he kn[s :]e ! diff]5t bolts & nuts are4 ,_m w tight5 up all !y "k ab\t1 b d n b5d _! backs to get und]nea? :]e !y c see ! du/-pan bolts & brake-l9kage bolts4 ,if ! own] kn[s :]e ^! p>ts are he %\ld make x 8 bus9ess to see t e bolt & p9 is lock$ ) a lock wa%] or cott] p94 ,!n he %\ld g ov] !m at lea/ once a mon? & tight5 !m up4 ,he may be sure he w pay sev]al times _! value & a me*anic's "t if !y are lo/1 s t economy is involv$ z well z ! inconv5i5ce ( hav+ ! c> /opp$ on ! road4 ,,*apt] ,,xlii ,,hunt+ ,,tr\ble ,ord9>ily ! fell[ :o />ts to hunt tr\ble f9ds x quick] ?an he expect$1 b n s ) ! automobili/2 :5 he />ts to hunt tr\ble--9 ! c>--x seems to be a v demon = elud+ ! se>*]4 ,tr\ble w hide 9 a t9y piece ( c>bon lodg$ "u a valve or betwe5 sp>k-plug po9ts1 9 a wire t has j>r$ loose1 9 an int]rupt] po9t1 a pi/on r+1 a gas pipe--oh1 9 ! mo/ secret & insignificant place--9 size--& j defy "o to f]ret out ! demon4 ,"o le>ns t ! insignificant ?+s are really ! mo/ important at times4 ,yet mo/ tr\bles incid5t to ! op]ation ( a motor c> may be locat$ v quickly if "o w b g aft] !m 9 a sy/ematic way1 & n w&] aimlessly ab\t ! eng9e & o!r p>ts4 ,! h>de/ ?+ a driv] has to d :5 ! eng9e /ops or acts up is to dive/ himself ( ! idea t he kn[s j :at ! tr\ble is4 ,he is sure he c fix x 9 a m9ute & he putt]s ar\nd a long "t be=e he makes up 8 m9d t x is some?+ else & x takes a lot ( "t to prove t to "s p]sons4 ,! be/ way to g ab\t x is to />t )\t preconceiv$ ideas z to :at ! tr\ble may be1 & foll[ a sy/em1 :i* is really a process ( elim9ation4 ,rememb] t to />t a gasol9e eng9e ?ree ?+s are necess>y--gasol9e1 compression1 & a sp>k at ! "r "t1 & t to keep x runn+ x is necess>y to h wat] = cool+1 unless x be an air-cool$ eng9e1 & oil = lubrication4 ,if ! eng9e /ops on ! road & press+ ! />t] p$al fails to />t x1 or if "o or two cyl9d]s miss fire1 ! fir/ ?+ to d is to get ! crank out ( ! tool kit & crank ov] ! eng9e4 ,if1 ) ! ge>s 9 neutral1 ! eng9e cranks ov] h>d1 x indicates a lack ( lubricat+ oil1 or a lack ( wat]1 :i* has all[$ ! eng9e to rea* a temp]ature :]e ! lubricant fails to p]=m its "w4 ,if ! eng9e turns ov] fairly easy1 x is n necess>y to look = oil or wat] tr\ble4 ,! next te/ is = compression4 ,if ! driv] is n exp]i5c$ & is unable to tell simply by ! resi/ance to ! />t+ crank :e!r ea* cyl9d] has compression1 he %\ld op5 all petcocks except on "o cyl9d] & turn ! crank two revolutions1 not+ if !re is a resi/ance = "o-qu>t] ( a revolution 9 ! two complete turns4 ,compression occurs only on "o /roke ( ! pi/on 9 ! f\r-/roke cycle4 ,ea* cyl9d] %\ld be te/$ 9 a simil> mann]1 op5+ all petcocks except on ! cyl9d] be+ te/$2 see if ! compression is practically equal 9 all cyl9d]s4 ,if "o cyl9d] has v weak or no compression1 ! tr\ble w be f\nd usually 9 ! exhau/ valve4 ,fir/ exam9e ! pu% rod to see if !re is cle>ance betwe5 x & ! valve :5 ! valve is suppos$ to be clos$2 if !re is1 ! valve mu/ be lift$ out & ! valve & seat inspect$ = c>bon4 ,sometimes a piece ( c>bon w lodge on ! valve seat &1 due to ! hamm]+ ( ! valve1 w become fa/5$ to valve or seat4 ,= tempor>y repair g5]ally x c be scrap$ (f ) a knife1 & ! valve be gr\nd 9 ^u rea*+ ! g>age4 ,if ! tr\ble is n 9 ! exhau/ valve1 x might be 9 ! inlet valve4 ,9 "s types ( eng9es ! valve head may break (f & get into ! cyl9d] & :5 ! pi/on comes up pun* a hole 9 ! pi/on head4 ,a petcock may be loose s t x w j> op5 suffici5tly to affect ! compression & s cause ! cyl9d] to miss fire4 ,^! tr\bles usually are conf9$ to "o cyl9d] & n to ! :ole eng9e4 ,! gasol9e is ! next to be inspect$4 ,is !re any gasol9e 9 ! b[l ( ! c>buretor8 ,?is may be det]m9$ by inspection1 op5+ ! dra9 cock1 or 8tickl+0--flood+4 ,if n1 exam9e ! gasol9e tank & see if !re is a supply2 !n see if ! %ut-(f valve 9 ! l9e lead+ to ! c>buretor is op52 if s1 dra9 ! b[l ( ! c>buretor to get rid ( wat] or possible dirt4 ,to *eck ! possible clogg+ ( ! gasol9e pipe1 or c>buretor scre51 notice if ! b[l fills up aga9 9 a reasonable "t4 ,d n adju/ ! c>buretor4 ,if ! eng9e has be5 runn+1 x is practically c]ta9 t ! c>buretor has n gott5 out ( adju/m5t4 ,inspect ! intake pipe1 or manifold1 to see if x has be5 loos5$ by vibration4 ,if ! eng9e /ill refuses to run1 put ab\t a tablespoonful ( gasol9e 9 ea* cyl9d] & crank ov] ! eng9e4 ,if ?is runs ! eng9e = a few revolutions1 x indicates t ! tr\ble is 9 ! gasol9e sy/em & leaves b ! spray nozzle1 :i* may h dirt lodg$ 9 x1 or ! auxili>y air valve /uck1 z ! rema9+ causes ( tr\ble4 ,sometimes turn+ ! ne$le valve a full turn & !n turn+ x back exactly :]e x 0 w remove an ob/ruction at t po9t4 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 9 ?is to get ! ne$le valve set z x orig9ally 04 ,next inspect ! ignition sy/em4 ,! fir/ ?+ to d is to loos5 "o ( ! wires f a sp>k plug & lay x s ! b>e end w be #a_/h in* f ! base ( ! plug1 & h someone crank ! eng9e by h& or ) ! />t]4 ,if a sp>k does n occur1 g fir/ to ! int]rupt] po9ts & %ort circuit ! fix$ po9t ) a screw driv] or o!r metal tool & see if !re is a sp>k :5 ! eng9e is crank$4 ,exam9e ! po9ts = dirt & see if !y come toge!r & op5 prop]ly4 ,!n exam9e ! condition ( ! batt]y1 te/+ x4 ,exam9e ! connectors on ! batt]y1 :i* sometimes j> loose2 exam9e ! wires lead+ to ! int]rupt] & swit*2 see if !y are loose or brok5 or %ort-circuit$4 ,?is ne$ n be done if a sp>k %[s at ! int]rupt]4 ,exam9e ! di/ributor = moi/ure or dirt & see if ! wires h become loose4 ,if a magneto only is us$1 x is a simple matt] to see if ! int]rupt] po9ts are mak+ & break+ prop]ly & if ! di/ributor is clean & dry4 ,if ^! appe> to be all "r ! tr\ble d\btless is 9 ! armature w9d+ or ! cond5s] & _c be repair$ ^u ! road4 ,! wires to ! plugs may be burn$ or %ort-circuit$4 ,if1 ) an app>5tly good sp>k1 y h compression & !re is mixture pass+ into ! cyl9d]s1 ! tr\ble may be 9 ! sp>k plug4 ,to te/ a sp>k plug x is necess>y to remove x4 ,wid5 ! gap to #a_/h in* & lay ! plug ) wire atta*$ ^u ! cyl9d]2 crank ! eng9e & see if a sp>k jumps ! gap4 ,wid5+ ! gap is necess>y because ! sp>k w n jump s f> "u compression z 9 ! op5 air4 ,if x does n jump1 ! plug may h a brok5 insulator porcela9 or ne$ clean+4 ,if unc]ta9 ab\t ! condition ( ! plug1 ex*ange x ) "o 9 ano!r cyl9d] :i* is work+ prop]ly4 ,an extra set ( plugs %\ld be c>ri$ to replace ^? :i* become dirty2 clean+ %\ld be done 9 ! g>age4 ,?is cov]s mo/ ( ! usual tr\bles exp]i5c$ on ! road4 ,!re are1 ( c\rse1 a great _m o!r possibilities1 b if ^! te/s1 c>efully made1 d n disclose ! cause ( ! tr\ble1 ! novice _h bett] s5d = a g>age man4 ,if "o or two cyl9d]s miss fire1 ! tr\ble is mo/ likely to be caus$ ?r\gh lack ( compression or a %ort-circuit$ sp>k plug4 ,if ! eng9e refuses to run1 ! tr\ble is mo/ likely to be due to lack ( gasol9e1 or failure ( batt]y or magneto4 ,! g5]al rule giv5 h]e) %\ld be copi$ & pa/$ "u ! hood1 or c>ri$ 9 an envelope 9 ! tool box = ready ref]5ce4 ,x may save mu* "t & tr\ble :5 f> f a g>age4 ,c>efully foll[$1 x %\ld locate almo/ any tr\ble likely to be exp]i5c$1 & x is ! locat+1 n ! fix+1 :i* takes "t4 ,! *>t on ! next page 0 evolv$ out ( ! exp]i5ce ( ye>s at ! s*ool & else:]e4 ,x w be f\nd a guide 9 hunt+ tr\ble3 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,,! ,y4 ,m4 ,c4 ,a4 ,,g5]al ,,tr\ble ,,*>t ,above all remove no?+ f ! eng9e except z direct$ to te/ rules4 #a4 ,is tank full8 ,,are ,,pipes ,,clean8 ,ne$$ ,,gasol9e ,is ,c>buretor clean8 ,if ,c>buretor ne$s adju/+1 d x1 o!rwise ,,leave to ,,x ,,alone4 ,does ,manifold leak8 ---------------------------------------- ------------- ,make #b4 ,to te/--,op5 all petcocks except ,,compres- ! "o on cyl9d] to be te/$2 an ,,sion crank eng9e1 notic+ h[ /rong ! compression is 9 ea* cyl9d]1 ,eng9e 9 turn4 ---------------------------------------- ------------- ,run #c4 ,a4 ,te/ = a sp>k by tak+ ! ,,ignition wire (f any plug2 hold wire ab\t #a_/h f plug2 crank eng9e ) swit* at on4 ,sp>k %\ld jump to plug4 ---------------------------------------- ---- ! ,b4 ,are ! ,batt]ies run d[n8 ,does ! vibrator 7if any7 buzz8 ,is "r tim] clean8 ,does tim] rotor make good contact8 "t ---------------------------------------- ---- ,c4 ,are any ,,wires loose1 burnt1 wet1 brok51 or %ort-circuit$8 ,are sp>k plugs clean & are po9ts #a_/ej ap>t8 ---------------------------------------- ---- ,d4 ,does ,,magneto armature revolve8 ,is safety sp>k gap clean4 ,are ,int]rupt] po9ts clean & adju/$ good contact8 ,is ,di/ributor clean8 ,is ,di/ributor ,rotor loose1 brok51 or mak+ poor contact8 ---------------------------------------- ---- ,e4 ,*eck ,magneto wires z p] 8,c40 ,,note--,loose wires & t]m9als1 neglect$ batt]ies1 & dirty gasol9e cause mu* tr\ble4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,,to ,,keep ,a ,,gas ,,eng9e ,,runn+1 cool+ & lubrication & a free exhau/ are necess>y4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,,*apt] ,,xliii ,,m ,,tr\ble 8,y may h y\r self-/>t+ #f-1 #h-1 or #ab-;cyl9d] c>s if y want !m1 b give me a f\r-cyl9d] motor ) a crank on ! front end = m9e4 ,i'll get !re ahead ( y n9e times out ( t540 ,?is 0 ! boa/ ( a *auffeur ( a big c>1 :o call$ at ! s*ool to inquire ab\t "s action ( ! motor :i* he did n und]/&4 ,8 self-/>t] w\ld n />t4 ,a few simple te/s n>r[$ ! tr\ble to ! self-/>t] control1 & x 0 f\nd 9 ! swit*1 :i* _h become dirty4 ,f repeat$ arc+ ! spr+ _h become heat$ & lo/ its temp] & f9ally no contact 0 made1 or s little t x w\ld n supply curr5t to />t ! />t]4 ,:i* %[s t x is a good ?+ to keep ! temp]1 ev5 9 a self-/>t] swit* spr+4 ,?is is only "o in/ance :]e add$ conv5i5ces h br\ght new tr\bles to ! motori/4 ,! self-/>t] has made x possible = _m1 notably wom51 to drive c>s1 :o be=e c\ld n because !y 7 n able to crank ! eng9e4 ,add+ cyl9d]s has made smoo!r rid+ c>s1 :i* drive easi] z well4 ,! great] numb] ( cyl9d]s p]mits ( a mu* quick] getaway 9 traffic4 ,x all[s ! motor to be run at a mu* l[] spe$ )\t %ift+ ! ge>s4 ,! motor has m p[] & ! c>s are bett] hill climb]s2 !re is a bett] di/ribution ( ! same am\nt ( p[]4 ,b ?is has made m "w & worry = ! *auffeur & me*anic1 9 t1 in/ead ( hav+ eight valves to gr9d 91 he may h z _m z tw5ty-f\r1 & if ! d\ble-valve idea is c>ri$ f> en\gh he might h z _m z =ty-eight4 ,9 arrang+ ! cyl9d]s to procure a m ev5 torque1 9 "s in/ances x has be5 f\nd necess>y to locate ! valves 9 positions :]e !y are n readily accessible4 ,9 "s types x is necess>y almo/ to dismantle ! eng9e1 & 9 o!rs ! valves may be rea*$ to remove !m only by remov+ ! mudgu>d4 ,! self-/>t]1 :ile und\bt$ly a great conv5i5ce1 has made x necess>y to take c>e ( ! batt]y regul>ly1 & to keep ! g5]ator & motor commutators 9 condition2 has multipli$ ! wir+--has add$ hundr$s ( wires to ! c>--& its num]\s regulators & o!r in/rum5ts are b\nd to ne$ adju/+ occasionally4 ,! extra c>e & ! unusual tr\bles give ! *auffeur a lot m to worry ab\t4 ,! electric lights are und\bt$ly bright] & bett] ?an k]os5e or acetyl5e in/allation1 b !y w give tr\ble occasionally & ! av]age man und]/&s m ab\t fill+ a lamp ) oil ?an he does ab\t locat+ tr\bles 9 electric circuits4 ,!n !re are electric w>m]s1 electric heat]s = pass5g] & driv]1 electric cig> light]1 lim\s9e lights1 & electric horns1 :i* make additional wires until ! traditional ,philadelphia lawy] w\ld be totally inadequate to unravel ! tangle4 ,suppose ! ignition goes wrong & ! batt]y seems to be all "r & no cause ( tr\ble c be f\nd 9 ! magneto & its wires1 & ! *auffeur is 9 a pickle4 ,along comes ,mr4 ,man-,:o-,kn[s & f9ds t ! tr\ble is a %ort circuit 9 a light+ in/allation :i* impair$ ! ignition s t ! cyl9d]s w\ld n fire1 or fir$ irregul>ly4 ,! old c>s did n h g5]ators & motors2 b ! driv] n[ mu/ "k h[ to s&pap] commutators & und]cut ! insulation ( commutators1 :i* is an electrical eng9e]'s job2 & he mu/ be wise en\gh to "k t ^! ?+s are necess>y because !re is sp>k+ at ! commutator1 & ! g5]ator is n *>g+ ! batt]y z x %\ld1 & ! motor is n />t+ ! eng9e z x ought4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 is because ! bru%es are ov]rid+ ! commutators :5 ! insulation is n und]cut1 & ! contact p]iod is %ort5$1 & p]haps "s ( ! contacts are skipp$ altoge!r because ! high spe$ c>ries ! bru%es ov] )\t t\*+ ! commutator4 ,!n1 he mu/ "k1 = in/ance1 t :5 ! lights dim :ile ! eng9e is go+ at l[ spe$1 x is because ! rev]se curr5t cut-out is out ( adju/m5t & x requires a consid]able dis*>ge f ! batt]y into ! g5]ator 9 ord] to make ! cut-out op]ate1 :5 ! lights w become bright aga94 ,also1 he mu/ "k1 :5 ! volt or ammet] ne$le becomes erratic1 sometimes %[+ a big *>ge or a little *>ge or no *>ge at all & !n comes to normal aga91 t he has a loose connection some:]e or ! voltage regulator is n work+ prop]ly4 ,:5 he presses ! button ( ! electric horn & x does n s\nd1 b does "w "r aft] he has kick$ or p\nd$ x1 he ought to "k :y 8 rage />t$ x work+4 ,x 0 simply t ! bru% /uck ^u a dead contact po9t ( ! commutator1 due to a dead armature coil1 & :5 he jamm$ ! horn x mov$ ! commutator until a live contact po9t 0 aga9/ ! bru% & ! motor />t$ to "w4 ,!re 0 a "t :5 ! manufactur] po9t$ ) pride to ! fact t !re 7 no complications on 8 c>4 ,!re 0 no?+ on ! da% b ! ignition swit*1 ) "o wire lead+ to ! magneto4 ,?is foll[$ a p]iod :5 ! da% _h be5 fill$ up gradually ) all sorts ( devices4 ,ways 7 f\nd to d away ) !m4 ,n[ !re are hundr$s ( wires & pipes tack$ on to ! da%1 & ! o!r side ( ! da% front+ ! driv] is fill$ ) dials & gauges & swit*es almo/ )\t numb]4 ,^! all add to ! com=t ( ! motori/1 b 9 ! same proportion !y add to ! worries ( ! driv]4 ,he pays ! price ( ! com=ts 9 add$ worries4 ,own]s also f9d t ^! add$ conv5i5ces h giv5 dem& = add$ te*nical k4 ,,*apt] ,,xliv ,,don',t ,,take ,,?+s ,,= ,,grant$ ,don't take any?+ = grant$ ) y\r c>4 ,don't expect t !re is wat]1 or gasol9e1 or oil1 or curr5t 9 ! batt]y1 unless y h fir/ inspect$ to f9d out4 ,inspect1 don't expect4 ,!re are _m bad habits 9 c> practice1 & "o ( !m is ! evil ( abs5t-m9d$ness 9 locat+ tr\bles 9 y\r c>4 ,! man :o sp5t half an h\r look+ = 8 glasses1 & !n discov]$ !y 7 on 8 nose1 %\ld n be laugh$ at by anyone :o runs a motor c>4 ,x is only natural t ?is man %\ld take x = grant$ !y 7 n on 8 nose1 yet tak+ ?+s = grant$1 writes ,h>old ,f4 ,blan*>d1 9 ,motor ,life1 is ! greate/ difficulty t ! man :o has to locate tr\ble has to face1 :e!r he is an amateur or an exp]t4 ,a numb] ( cases are cit$ to prove ! po9t4 ,ev]yone kn[s bett] ?an to crank ! eng9e ) ! swit* (f1 yet rec5tly we saw an av]age motori/ wa/e tw5ty m9utes ?is way4 ,! ignition swit* 0 set 9 ! c5t] ( ! light+ swit* h&le4 ,!re=e ! absolute position ( ! ignition swit* key v>i$ accord+ to :at lights 7 on--h5ce ! error2 yet ?is motori/ look$ all ov] 8 eng9e be=e he discov]$ 8 tr\ble4 ,probably be+ abs5t-m9d$ _h some?+ to d ) x2 he _h j left 8 (fice = ! day & 0 on 8 way home1 :i* demon/rates t ! ?\ghtless or preoccupi$ man is mu* m likely to make unrightful assumptions ?an ! al]t man4 ,rec5tly an old automobile me*anic 0 rid+ on an int]urban c> :5 ! latt] 0 held up by a motor c> /all$ across ! tracks4 ,!re 0 a big cr[d ar\nd ! ma*9e try+ frantically to pu% x out ( ! way4 ,= "s reason ! re> :eels 7 lock$4 ,no am\nt ( ef=t w\ld budge ! c> & x 0 too l>ge to lift & c>ry4 ,! me*anic got (f & wat*$ ! proce$+s4 ,he f\nd t ! ge> lev] 0 /uck 9 l[ ge>1 & inquiry z to :e!r ! tr\ble 0 due to jamm$ ge>s or "s o!r s]i\s defect c\ld n be answ]$ by ! own] or any ( 8 help]s4 ,he began to wond] :]e ! tr\ble 0 :ile ! o!rs /ruggl$1 b be+ old 9 ! game1 ! ?\ght fla%$ across 8 m9d3 8,take no?+ = grant$40 ,!re=e ! fir/ "q to det]m9e 0 :e!r ! :ole difficulty might n be solv$ by pu%+ out ! clut*4 ,?is seem$ too easy--too good to be true4 ,he hesitat$ to sugge/ x1 b ! m he ?\ght ab\t x ! m he became conv9c$1 & f9ally he mu/]$ up en\gh c\rage to slip beh9d ! :eel & comm& ! re/+ cr[d to pu%4 ,! c> glid$ (f1 to ! a/oni%m5t ( ev]yone4 ,x develop$ t ! own] ( ! c> _h become excit$ :5 he /all$ ! eng9e on ! cross+ ) ! lev] /uck 9 l[4 ,9 8 fev]i% ha/e he tri$ to pu% ! c> (f in/ead ( %ov+ out 8 clut* & />t+ ! motor1 & z ! cr[d collect$ !y accept$ ! lock$ condition ( ! re> :eels z some?+ :i* c\ld n be rem$i$4 ,a motori/ ( t5 ye>s' exp]i5ce b\ght a us$ c>4 ,he took deliv]y ( x late "o ra9y aft]noon4 ,! =m] own] told him ! c> 0 complete1 ! only ?+ miss+ be+ ! key to ! tool box1 :i* he promis$ to mail him e>ly ! next day4 ,! motori/ got a c\ple ( fri5ds & />t$ = a ride4 ,f9ally !y /opp$ = d9n]4 ,:5 !y came out ! own] put 8 foot on ! />t] p$al1 b x /uck4 ,he pull$ up ! floor bo>ds b c\ld n rea* ! me*anism4 ,! only way 0 to crawl "u ! c> & ?is 0 out ( ! "q because ( ! mud4 ,!y look$ = ! crank "u ! re>-seat cu%ion & "u ! front-seat cu%ion1 b c\ld n f9d x4 ,q naturally !y conclud$ x mu/ be 9 ! lock$ tool box or else ! =m] own] _h neglect$ to include ?is v important item4 ,!y tri$ to locate a c> ( ! same make 9 "s neighbor+ g>ages )\t success4 ,!y jack$ ! c> up & tri$ to crank x by turn+ a re> :eel1 b ! compression 0 too great1 s !y toss$ ! jack into ! tonneau & />t$ 9 se>* ( someone :o w\ld t[ ! c> to />t x4 ,ev5tually !y got ! eng9e go+4 ,:5 !y rea*$ ! g>age ! own] slipp$ 8 h& into ! tonneau & he pull$ out--n ! jack--b ! crank6 ,! wor/ is to come4 ,! next morn+ a me*anic :o _h be5 9 ! bus9ess long en\gh to "k bett] ?an to make unw>rant$ assumptions 0 call$ 94 ,he press$ d[n ! p$al )\t success1 !n = no logical reason b simply because automobiles 7 second nature to him he pull$ up & ! p$al came4 ,!n he pu%$ & ! />t] work$4 ,! own] 0 nonpluss$4 ,lat] he admitt$ t he _h ?\ght ( pull+ up on ! p$al b assum$ x w\ld d no good4 ,a few ye>s ago1 :5 exp&+ clut*es 7 m popul>1 a motori/ f\nd "o day t 8 clut* 0 slipp+4 ,he _h a vague idea t !re mu/ be "s means = adju/+ ! clut* to cure ?is tr\ble1 b he look$ 9 va9 = a nut or a screw or a bolt :i* might d ! trick4 ,true1 !re 0 a small screw 9 ! fly-:eel rim1 set almo/ flu% ) ! edge ( ! rim & lock$ by a t9y spr+ wire :i* re/$ 9 ! mill$ slot 9 ! screw4 ,b he limp$ to a g>age on l[ ge> & held consultation ) ! entire =ce4 ,!y exam9$ ! c> c>efully & decid$ !re 0 no way to adju/ ! clut*4 ,!y sugge/$ a new l9+ or /rips ( metal "u ! old l9+ to swell x out s t x w\ld grip4 ,! =m] 0 out ( ! "q because ( ! "t x w\ld take1 s ! latt] 0 tri$4 ,! make%ift work$ all "r = a few miles1 & !n ! clut* slipp$ m ?an ev]4 ,9 desp]ation he call$ ! ag5t up on ! long di/ance1 & 0 in=m$ t 8 tr\bles w\ld be ov] if he w\ld give t innoc5t-look+ screw a c\ple ( turns4 ,x s\nd$ l black magic1 b he w5t back & tri$ x1 & 8 tr\bles end$4 ,an own] :o 0 v p>ticul> ab\t hav+ 8 c> 9 ! be/ ( condition f\nd t ! compression 9 ! fir/ cyl9d] 0 weak al?\gh ! valves _h j be5 gr\nd4 ,he remov$ ! exhau/ valve & f\nd x 9 p]fect condition4 ,!n he took out ! intake valve1 al?\gh he felt fooli% :ile do+ x4 ,x 0 9 excell5t %ape b1 j to be on ! safe side & because he did n "k :at else to d1 he gr\nd x anyh[4 ,! tr\ble 0 no bett]4 ,nei!r did ! difficulty seem to be due to too small a cle>ance betwe5 valve /ems & pu% rods1 because ! cle>ance 0 ! prescrib$ am\nt on bo? intake & exhau/ valves4 ,he conclud$ t x mu/ be ! r+s4 ,ei!r !y 7 gumm$ or brok54 ,flood+ ! cyl9d] ) k]os5e did n improve ! condition1 s a p9t ( v heavy oil 0 put 9 ) ! idea t ?is w\ld tempor>ily /op any leaks betwe5 cyl9d] & pi/on1 b ! compression 0 no bett]4 ,sev]al times dur+ ! hunt he 0 tempt$ to increase ! cle>ance betwe5 valve /ems & pu% rods1 n = any s5sible reason1 because ! cle>ance 0 correct1 b simply 9 desp]ation4 ,x seem$ ab\t ! only ?+ left to d--x 0 ! only ?+ he _h n tri$4 ,b 8 8common s5se0 said no1 s he took 8 c> to ! s]vice /ation4 ,! fir/ ?+ !y did 0 to increase ! cle>ance on ! intake valve1 & ! tr\ble 0 cur$4 ,! reason = do+ ?is 0 t !re 0 a high spot on ! back ( ! intake cam :i* w\ld op5 ! valve a slight am\nt on ! compression /roke4 ,! cle>ance 0 increas$ to a po9t :]e ! high spot _h no effect4 ,"o day a motori/ _h s]i\s magneto tr\ble4 ,! eng9e miss$ & f9ally /opp$4 ,x 0 necess>y to take ! magneto to an exp]t to h x repair$4 ,! v day ! magneto 0 replac$ ! c> />t$ miss+ aga9 & x look$ z if ! "w _h n be5 prop]ly done4 ,f9ally ! eng9e refus$ to g fur!r4 ,a pass+ f>m wagon 0 hail$ & ! c> br\ght home--sev5 miles4 ,! magneto 0 return$ to ! %op1 b no?+ wrong 0 f\nd4 ,yet :5 x 0 replac$ ! c> /ill refus$ to run4 ,a telephone talk ) ! ne>e/ ag5t1 =ty miles away1 %[$ t ! tr\ble might be 9 ! c>buretor & a se>* %[$ t x 0--! l[ spe$ jet 0 clogg$4 ,to prove ! tru? ( ?is suspicion ! eng9e 0 prim$ & ran p]fectly except at l[ spe$4 ,:5 ! c> fir/ /all$1 x occurr$ to ! own] t x might be a good idea to prime ! eng9e1 b he dismiss$ ! ?\ght because he 0 s c]ta9 ! tr\ble 0 9 ! magneto1 & )\t a bett] reason ?an x 0 too mu* "w to prime ! eng9e because !re 7 no prim+ cups4 ,a simil> tr\ble 9 t x 0 ( a dual nature 0 exp]i5c$ ) a c> :i* _h j _h ! valves gr\nd & ! c>bon remov$4 ,aft] ! "w 0 done ! eng9e c\ld n be />t$4 ,inve/igation %[$ !re 0 no sp>k4 ,no %ort-circuits c\ld be f\nd 9 ! wir+4 ,! break] po9ts 7 exam9$ & aft] fil+ & adju/+ !m ! eng9e />t$ on ! fir/ turn4 ,=tunately ! man :o did ?is job knew h[ to proce$--he made no guesses or assumptions4 ,9 ?is he 0 diff]5t f ! own] ^: exp]i5ce 0 relat$ else:]e4 ,! la/ two in/ances %[ some?+ x is v important = ev]yone to realize1 al?\gh ?is is a div]sion1 namely1 t repair m5 are (t5 blam$ = tamp]+ ) c>s )\t cause4 ,! prec$+ incid5t 0 pure co9cid5ce4 ,! break] po9ts gave out entirely :5 ! eng9e 0 %ut (f prior to gr9d+ ! valves4 ,! v>i\s incid5ts :i* h be5 relat$ prove t x is n wise to take any?+ = grant$4 ,x seems l a simple rule1 b only ^? :o h tri$ to foll[ x w f9d out h[ h>d x is4 ,x is also important to be> 9 m9d t x is n wise to use too mu* logic 9 hunt+ tr\ble1 = ! solution is (t5 f> f logical4 ,x is well to reason z c>efully z possible1 b if ! solution is /ill to be f\nd x (t5 happ5s t x is obta9$ by "s illogical act4 ,foll[ ! g5]al-tr\ble rule 9 an ord]ly way1 !re=e1 & d n take any?+ = grant$4 ,,*apt] ,,xlv ,,bl[+ ,,y\r ,,own ,,horn ,( c\rse x is y\r horn & y h a "r to d any?+ y want to d ) x--except make a nuisance ( y\rself to o!rs--& y c toot x to y\r he>t's cont5t :5 (f 9 "s wild]ness2 b if y desire to live 9 peace & h>mony ) y\r neighbors & ) y\r fell[ travel]s 9 ?is vale ( te>s1 y w h a c>e :5 & :]e y toot y\r toots4 ,9 old5 days x 0 compulsory to h bells on ! horse :5 draw+ a sleigh1 :i* 0 suppos$ to be noiseless4 ,! bells 7 to give w>n+ ( ! sleigh's approa* ar\nd a curve or ov] ! hill4 ,?is 0 ! only vehicle to h a w>n+ tone1 except ! fi%man or ! junk c>t1 & _! noise 0 invit+--o/5sibly--r ?an w>n+1 ?\gh (t5 x ought to h be5 ! latt]4 ,soon aft] ! com+ ( ! bicycle x became app>5t t "s means ( signall+ its approa* mu/ be _h4 ,n[ s+ul>ly en\gh 9 ! light ( pres5t-day und]/&+1 ! bicycle bell or horn 0 n to w>n p to get out ( ! way4 ,x 0 to w>n folks t y 7 look+ out = !m & t1 unless !y /epp$ sudd5ly 9 y\r pa?1 !y might feel assur$ t y w\ld n run into !m4 ,ev]ybody und]/ood t ! p$e/rian _h fir/ "r to ! road4 ,bicycle rid]s practic$ /r5u\sly ! ways to avoid ! man afoot--mo/ ( !m4 ,) ! com+ ( ! automobile ! use ( horns 0 cont9u$1 e>ly electrics & "s o!rs us+ a bell4 ,!y 7 ! cont9uance ( ! bicycle w>n+1 & :5 ! automobile 0 popul>iz+ itself x 0 und]/ood t ! bell or horn 0 m]ely to prev5t o!rs f walk+ into dang]4 ,! autoi/ saw to x1 s f> z he c\ld1 t ! man1 woman1 or *ild w5t safe4 ,came ano!r g5]ation & ! univ]sal use ( ! automobile = pleasure1 bus9ess1 & transportation uses1 & all ( a sudd5 p began to talk ab\t ! rights ( ! autoi/1 & ! horn began to p]emptorily ord] folks to get out ( ! way or get run ov]4 ,!re is n ! slighte/ d\bt 9 ! m9d ( ! writ] t ! pres5t attitude ( autoi/s 9 g5]al is due to ! mi/ak5 notion t !y h rights 9 ! roadway "p ( ! /reet & ! p$e/rian's rights are conf9$ to ! sidewalks & cross+ walks2 nor t ?is notion 0 br$ by ! police regulations ( traffic :i* s\ght to protect ! p$e/rian by h]d+ him (f ! road to ! side walks & p]mitt+ him at int]vals to cross ! road4 ,x is noticeable1 h[ev]1 t n "o arre/ = refus+ to keep (f ! roadway has ev] be5 made--or at lea/ su/a9$ by c\rt4 ,! policeman may fr[n at ! man :o tries to g contr>y to ! traffic rule1 b t is all4 ,out ( ?is misund]/&+ !re has come su* a con/ant use ( horns z to make x a cont9ual nuisance on ?ickly travel$ /reets & ev5 on mu* travel$ highways 9 ! c\ntry4 ,& ! nuisance is n f ! necess>y signal+ to o!r c>s or vehicles1 b ! unnecess>y toot+ ! driv] does because he wants ev]ybody to "k t he is com+ & to und]/& t !y mu/ get out ( ! way = him4 ,n[ a c]ta9 am\nt ( signal+ is ne$$ 9 driv+1 b x is possible to drive ?r\gh ! ?ick traffic ( ,new ,york ,city f ! ,batt]y to ,h>lem )\t toot+ ! horn half a doz5 times--t is if "o is a c>eful & well-in/ruct$ driv]4 ,wat* o!r driv]s & p$e/rians & d n bl[ ! horn aft] !y h se5 y1 or if _! direction & spe$ ( travel is su* t !y w be out ( y\r way be=e y get to !m4 ,if n se51 s\nd ! horn once & be ready to /op4 ,z a matt] ( fact ! foot %\ld in/9ctively g to ! brake p$al ea* "t ! h& goes to ! horn4 ,b if y are se5 by ! o!r p]son :y bl[ ! horn at all8 ,if "o is driv+ along a c\ntry road & desires to pass ano!r c> go+ 9 ! same direction1 x is cu/om>y to s\nd ! horn once t ! driv] ahead may n turn 8 c> 9 front ( y1 & s t1 if ne$$1 he may turn to ! "r to let y pass on ! left4 ,he is ! judge z to :5 & :]e he w turn1 s9ce he c see ahead bett] & kn[s :at ob/ructions are to be avoid$4 ,) few exceptions he w1 :5 signal$1 imm$iately give way2 if he does n1 & x is fair to presume t he he>d ! signal1 x is polite to wait a mom5t be=e aga9 signal+ y\r desire4 ,"o also %\ld signal j be=e rea*+ ! top ( a hill1 p>ticul>ly if ! road be a n>r[ "o1 t anyone com+ up on ! o!r side may "k ( y\r pres5ce & be guid$ accord+ly2 likewise ! signal %\ld be giv5 be=e com+ to a cross-roads1 unless !re is a pla9 view ( bo? roads = a suffici5t di/ance to make sure t a collision is n likely4 ,occasionally "o w cat* up to a f>m]'s load ( hay1 & ! signal w n be he>d1 & x becomes necess>y to toot a numb] ( times1 b ?is is r>e4 ,9 meet+ a wagon or ano!r auto x is n necess>y to s\nd ! horn unless x is app>5t t ! o!r driv] does n see y1 or is keep+ to ! cr[n ( ! road1 expect+ y to d all ! turn+ out4 ,well1 ev5 !n1 sometimes1 x is bett] to d x1 at t4 ,z a rule1 x is easi] on "o's temp]am5t1 & saf] 9 ! long run1 to let ! fell[ :o wants all ! road h x2 !re=e :5 y he> a spe$ fi5d com+1 8 pres5ce ann\nc$ by vocif]\s toot+ ( ! horn & p]haps punctuat$ by %\t+1 or oa?s1 draw to "o side & sl[ up4 ,x co/s little ei!r 9 "t or ef=t1 & if x happ5s to be a load ( drunk51 irresponsible loaf]s y w be safe4 ,at ! same "t1 if y h influ5ce ) ! police & o!r (ficials1 call _! att5tion to p]sons :o ?us disreg>d o!rs & see t !y are f9$ & _! lic5ses tak54 ,= ! meekness advis$1 9 lett+ !m h _! own way1 is b t y may survive to d a piece ( good "w = ! c\ntry at l>ge by br++ be=e ! law ^? :o violate all pr9ciples ( c\rtesy & rules ( ! road4 ,bl[ y\r own horn1 if y want to1 b bl[ x discreetly2 let o!rs bl[1 too1 & he$ ! w>n+1 le/ y come to grief ) !m4 ,,*apt] ,,xlvi ,,wom5 ,,z ,,driv]s ,! #e4ai _h /opp$ at ,lonesomehur/1 & ! grat+ s\nd ( ! ,klaxon _h caus$ m ?an "o commut] to wi% !re 7 a law aga9/ h>% noises4 ,to ,*olly ,subbubs1 h[ev]1 x _h a welcome tone1 & he grabb$ = 8 bundles & umbrella1 say+ :ile he da%$ to ! door & swung (f ! tra9 z x pull$ out3 8,sorry1 boys2 f9i% ! game tomorr[4 ,wife's "h ) ! c> = me40 ,8 p>tn]s at :i/ saw him /ep into a sm>t c> driv5 by ,mrs4 ,subbubs1 :o turn$ x ab\t & took ! road p>allel ) ! track & = sev]al miles gave race to ! tra91 :ile sundry pass5g]s utt]$ wise say+s z to ! folly ( a woman try+ to run an auto4 ,a woman c run a c> z well z a man "o ( ! commut]s f9ally av]r$1 z an answ] to ! criticism ( ! wiseacres4 ,i expect my wife w be at ! next /ation & we w h a tw5ty-five-mile sp9 be=e d9n]4 ,x w bl[ (f all ! gr\*1 & bl[ out ( my lungs all ! bad air ,i h _h to brea! today1 & give me an appetite t w\ld d cr$it to a man :o has be5 tot+ bricks up a ladd] r ?an sell+ bonds4 ,he _h told ! /ory ( ! new era ( automobil+ :i* has come to ! metropolis4 ,wife1 ! *auffeur6 ,n[ :at is happ5+ ab\t ,new ,york ,city is an old /ory 9 "s p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 b ! late/ wr9kle 9 suburban travel ab\t ^! p>ts is = fri5d wife to meet ! tra9 two or ?ree /ations up ! l9e & take tir$ hubby = a ride on ! way home4 ,hav+ le>n$ to run ! c>1 %e _h be5 tak+ him to ! /ation & meet+ him at night4 ,"o night he 0 />tl$ to he> h] famili> signal on ! horn--he kn[s 8 ma/]'s voice--"s di/ance f ! home /ation1 look$ out ( ! w9d[ & j _h "t to sw+ (f on ! /ation plat=m4 ,n[ he is ke5 = t s\nd4 ,probably e commut] tra9 :i* leaves ! city ea* ev5+ 9 pleasant wea!r has sev]al su* sc5es4 ,x is n a fad1 ei!r1 b ! solution ( ! fre%-air problem = p5t-up bus9ess m52 ! relaxation f ! daily c>es & j ! mo/ delightful visit ) ea* o!r t devot$ ones c h4 ,9 ! summ] ev5+s !re is "t = a long ride be=e d9+2 9 ! cool] ev5+s ( fall & w9t]1 :5 d>k comes be=e hubby is due1 good roads /ill are invit+ & ! crisp air rejuv5ates "o & creates an appetite :i* is al>m+1 ! high co/ ( liv+ consid]$4 ,wom5 9 ! ,ea/ began to take an int]e/ 9 runn+ an automobile ab\t ! "t ! self-/>t] 0 put on ! m>ket1 ?ree or f\r ye>s ago4 ,crank+ is n a fem99e job & old models ( c>s bore no semblance 9 conv5i5ce & ease ( h&l+ to ^? n[ on ! m>ket2 !y are m reliable & dep5dable ?an ! anci5t makes4 ,!n1 too1 wom5 9 ,new ,york are us$ to be+ wait$ ^u4 ,!y are n ( ! aggressive type1 & d n c>e = man's "w2 :ile 9 ! ,we/ !y are m self-reliant4 ,t is only natural1 s9ce ! we/]n wom5 h be5 ?r[n m ^u _! own res\rces2 hav+ help$ ! m5 subdue prairie & =e/ & des]t1 ! y\ng] g5]ation has n dep>t$ f _! foot/eps4 ,!re are self-reliant wom5 9 ,new ,york1 ( c\rse1 b ( a diff]5t type1 & "o w\ld h>dly expect !m to want to own or op]ate a c> !mselves2 b !y are beg9n+ to1 by ! ?\s&s4 ,ano!r reason = ! sl[ness ( wom5 to take up auto driv+ is t ,new ,york ,city is n a place = pleasure driv+2 b 9 ! suburbs !y are tak+ x up rapidly1 z ! increas+ daytime honk-honk indicates4 ,9 ! city x is unnecess>y1 = !re is e conv5i5ce = %opp+ or call+ at beck & call--taxis1 buses1 & r5t c>s4 ,^! ?+s are n to be _h s l>gely 9 ! suburbs1 & :5 hubby is at bus9ess & ! *auffeur is at 8 gr&mo!r's fun]al1 or has too heavy a load ( 8,oh1 be joyful10 = safety or pleasure1 x is a case ( /ay at home1 or le>n to run ! ?+ = h]self4 ,%e le>ns1 & !n does n h to worry ab\t ! *auffeur go+ ar\nd ! corn] = a highball :ile %e is call+4 ,s f> z ma/]+ ! me*anical & te*nical details ( a c>1 wom5 seem to be j z apt z mo/ m51 if !y take x s]i\sly en\gh4 ,! fact t me*anical tal5t is n limit$ to ! male sex is indicat$ by ! num]\s automobile developm5ts :i* are ! product ( ! fem99e bra94 ,! ,y4 ,m4 ,c4 ,a4 ,automobile ,s*ool has be5 tak+ wom5 pupils = ?ree ye>s & among ! f\r hundr$ graduates h be5 e type1 f ! society debutante to ! mature matron1 *orus girl1 actress1 & a few :o desir$ to become pr(essional *auffeurs--8,jit ,*icks0 !y call !m 9 ,philadelphia--) a lot ( applications f s*ool tea*]s4 ,x does n appe> :y s _m ( t class h tak5 ! c\rse1 b "o ( ! in/ructors says t mo/ ( !m are le>n+ s t at vacation "t !y c take _! c> in/ead ( ! ocean /eam] or railroad tra9 & sp5d two mon?s 8see+ ,am]ica40 ,"o ( !m1 h[ev]1 decl>es t %e int5ds to become a pr(essional *auffeur dur+ vacation1 s t %e c make money :ile enjoy+ a full relaxation f h] ord9>y labor4 ,%e tea*es at an exclusive club-colony c5t] & w run h] c> !re4 ,:5 ! fir/ woman applicant came1 x caus$ "s ( ! in/ructors to gasp3 8,:y1 a woman _c und]/& an eng9e40 8,only because !y nev] h tri$10 0 ! response4 8,give me a *ance--,i'll %[ y40 8,b y w\ld get all dirty4 ,! m5 h to crawl "u ! c>s & get cov]$ ) grease & grime10 0 object$4 8,if !y get any dirti] ?an ,i did ?is morn+ :5 ,i _h to clean out ! kit*5 /ovepipe10 0 ! comeback1 8!n ,i'll give up2 grease has no fe>som5ess = a h\sewife40 ,illu/ration3 ,,%e ,,is ,,accumulat+ ,,k ,,( ,,an ,,intricate ,,ma*9e--,,& ,,%e ,,is ,,fasc9at$ ,( c\rse ! director gave 91 z man ev] has yield$ to woman1 & today ! wom5's dep>tm5t ( ! s*ool is a fixture1 = woman has demon/rat$ t %e c und]/& ma*9]y & wires & ?+s & le>n h[ to pilot a c> & d all sorts ( o!r /unts ) x4 ,x is no *ild's play to :i* ! woman /ud5t is u%]$ :5 beg9n+ ! c\rse4 ,%e goes "r at a ma*9e & fir/ ( all has to le>n :at ! array ( bolts & valves & belts & wires is =4 ,! wom5 put on big aprons--or ov]alls--& gloves1 & ) sleeves roll$ up />t to dissect "o ( ! c>s z a doctor does a cadav]4 ,f />t+ crank to diff]5tial & f sp>k plug to oil sump x all has to come d[n1 &1 worse yet1 has to be put toge!r aga94 ,! da9ty "y ?+ 9 dimity--"u ! jump]--gets h] arms greasy & a splot* on h] nose1 b %e doesn't c>e a bit1 = x all wa%es (f & %e kn[s t back ( ! nose %e is accumulat+ some?+ t won't wa% (f--a k ( an intricate ma*9e--& %e is fasc9at$4 ,%e has to le>n ab\t tires1 too2 h[ to take !m (f & repair & replace !m4 ,x is j a bit odd to see a woman pat*+ an inn] tube z h&ily & z da9tily z ?\gh %e 7 embroid]+ a bit ( ,*ri/mas frump]y2 b really %e h&les ! %e>s to cut ! pat* a lot m readily ?an mo/ m51 & %e puts ! pat* 9 place z c>efully z ?\gh %e 7 m5d+ ! seat ( h] "y hopeful's romp]s4 ,:5 ! /ud5t has ma/]$ ! me*anical "p & has ov]come all ! 8que]+0 ! in/ructor c devise1 %e is tak5 out = road exp]i5ce4 ,:5 %e has ! c> ready1 suppli$ ) gasol9e1 lubricat+ oil1 wat] = ! radiator1 & all ! o!r ?+s :i* make = safety & successful op]ation1 & has crank$ ! eng9e1 unless !re is a self-/>t]1 !n1 ) h&s & feet engag+ ! /e]+ :eel1 lev]s1 & p$als1 ! mom5t\s h\r has come :5 ! ma*9e is to be "u h] control4 ,! in/ructor is provid$ ) a duplicate set ( lev]s = an em]g5cy4 ,lessons beg9 9 ! quiet /reets1 gradually em]g+ into ^? busi]1 until at la/ ,fif? ,av5ue & ,=ty-second ,/reet1 ! busie/ int]section 9 ! metropolis1 is rea*$4 ,! wom5 always enjoy t4 ,nev] "o b %[s %e is hav+ ! "t ( h] life at t corn]4 ,!y are expect$ to lose _! heads & 8g up 9 ! air10 b !y d n4 ,!y are n s reckless z m51 are quick] to grasp a situation1 & d n 8take a *ance0 z m5 d4 ,al]tness is an attribute ( mo/ wom51 also intuition1 & ^! are qualities ne$$ by an auto driv]4 ,! era ( l[-pric$ c>s und\bt$ly has _h some?+ to d ) ! influx ( wom5 into auto driv+4 ,?\s&s to :om a high-pric$ c> ) liv]i$ *auffeur mu/ ev] be a dream1 are able to h a mod]ate or l[-pric$ c> = ! :ole family4 ,"m w n let h] sons & daught]s di/ance h] 9 any?+1 s %e le>ns too4 ,:atev] may be ! cause1 x is a fact t ! wom5 ( ! c\ntry are tak+ up ! auto s]i\sly4 ,!re already are too _m 9 ! city /reets to excite ev5 casual notice1 b 9 ! suburbs1 :]e !re is an almo/ total abs5ce ( m5 dur+ ! daytime1 e c> y meet has a woman at ! :eel4 ,!re is no indication1 h[ev]1 t man has be5 relegat$ to ! c>e ( ! nurs]y4 ,he /ill is too valuable z a produc] = t--produc] ( gasol9e & tires & :at n4 ,b ! *auffeur :o drives = a liv+ mu/ take acc\nt ( ! woman at ! :eel1 = x means less5$ opportunity2 /ill1 ! use ( trucks is increas+1 & woman is n likely to be a competitor !re--n yet4 ,,*apt] ,,xlvii ,,miscellane\s ,,rules ,bel[ are giv5 a numb] ( rules = do+ ?+s ab\t an automobile1 :i* may help ! novice rememb] ! in/ructions h]et(ore giv5 by ! ag5t f :om he b\ght ! c>1 or obta9$ at ! s]vice /ation1 9 ! manufactur]'s book ( in/ructions1 or else:]e4 ,,f\r ,,?+s ,,to ,,d ,,be=e ,,leav+ ,,! ,,g>age ,be sure !re is pl5ty ( wat]4 ,be sure !re is pl5ty ( gasol9e4 ,be sure !re is pl5ty ( oil4 ,be sure !re is pl5ty ( air 9 ! tires4 ,,five ,,?+s ,,to ,,d ,,be=e ,,crank+ ,,! ,,eng9e ,be sure ! em]g5cy brake is set4 ,be sure ! ge>-%ift lev] is 9 neutral position4 ,ret>d ! sp>k fully4 ,op5 ! gas h& ?rottle ab\t "o-?ird4 ,?r[ swit* to batt]y position4 ,,?ree ,,?+s ,,to ,,d ,,aft] ,,crank+ ,close ! ?rottle until ! eng9e idles4 ,advance ! sp>k ab\t two-?irds4 ,swit* f batt]y to magneto4 ,,to ,,adju/ ,a ,,c>buretor ,adju/ ! ne$le valve at l[ spe$--eng9e idl+4 ,= high spe$s adju/ ! auxili>y air valve4 7,own]s %\ld le>n ! make-up ( _! c>buretor be=e attempt+ to adju/ x1 & %\ld fir/ wat* someone :o kn[s h[ to d x47 ,,to ,,adju/ ,,cam ,,%afts ,,:i* ,,"t ,,valve ,,op5+ ,,& ,,clos+ ,make sure t pu%-rod adju/m5t is "r--t a ?9 c>d w pass betwe5 pu% rod & valve /em :5 valve is clos$4 ,det]m9e direction ( rotation ( cam %afts4 ,set fly :eel s t ! m>k #a ,t4 ,c4 7top c5t]7 regi/]s ) po9t]4 ,turn fly :eel until m>k #aj ,p4 ,t4 ,c4 7pa/ top c5t]7 regi/]s ) po9t]4 ,rotate exhau/ cam %aft 9 prop] direction until ! exhau/ valve ( ,no4 #a cyl9d] has j clos$4 ,rotate inlet cam %aft until inlet valve ( ,no4 #a cyl9d] is j ab\t to op54 ,me% ! ge>s & lock !m 9 place4 ,if ,no4 #a cyl9d] is "r ! o!rs mu/ be4 ,,rule ,,= ,,tim+ ,,! ,,magneto ,f9d ! fir+ ord] ( ! eng9e4 ,turn crank %aft ( eng9e & note directions 9 :i* armature & di/ributor ( magneto %\ld revolve4 ,set ,no4 #a cyl9d] on beg9n+ ( p[] /roke by wat*+ exhau/ valve j close & !n turn+ crank "o complete revolution4 ,set fly :eel s t m>k ,no4 #a4 ,t4 ,c4 regi/]s ) po9t]4 ,ret>d sp>k fully--by mov+ break] box 9 same direction z arr[ po9ts or armature rotates1 z f> z x w g4 ,rotate armature 9 prop] direction until int]rupt] po9ts are j ab\t to op54 ,9 ?is position me% ge>s & lock magneto to base4 ,at ?is po9t prove y\r "w by advanc+ sp>k4 ,if po9ts are "r !y w op54 ,notice :at po9t 9 di/ributor ! rotor is t\*+4 ,?is goes to ,no4 #a cyl9d]4 ,wire di/ributor 9 fir+ ord] ( ! eng9e4 7,! di/ributor always rotates 9 opposite direction to ! armature47 ,,rules ,,= ,,c>e ,,( ,,clut* ,to rem$y a h>% gripp+ lea!r-fac$ cone clut*1 apply neatsfoot oil or ca/or oil to lea!r face4 ,to rem$y a slipp+ lea!r-fac$ cone clut*1 apply full]'s e>? or ,fr5* talc to lea!r fac+4 ,9 r>e cases a little gasol9e may be us$4 ,to rem$y a h>% gripp+ multiple disc clut* t runs 9 oil1 add eng9e oil to ! mixture4 ,to rem$y a slipp+ multiple disk clut* runn+ 9 oil1 add k]os5e to ! mixture4 ,too little spr+ t5sion w cause slipp+4 ,once e #ajj miles turn d[n all grease cups on ! clut*4 ,once e #ejj miles apply neatsfoot oil to a lea!r-fac$ clut*4 ,once e #ajjj miles dra9 a multiple disc clut* & clean ?or\ghly ) k]os5e & r5ew ! oil4 ,,rules ,,= ,,c>e ,,( ,,transmission ,,& ,,diff]5tial ,x mu/ be kept half fill$ ) v heavy oil4 7,consult manufactur]'s in/ructions47 ,once e #ejj miles inspect & repl5i% lubricant if ne$ be4 ,once e #ejjj miles dra9 case1 clean ?or\ghly ) k]os5e1 & r5ew lubricant4 ,,rules ,,= ,,c>e ,,( ,,o!r ,,p>ts ,once e #ajjj miles pack univ]sal jo9t ) v heavy grease4 ,once e #bej miles use oil c freely & turn d[n all grease cups on torsion & radius rods4 ,pack ! :eel hubs ) grease e #ajjj miles4 ,pack ! /e]+ worm h\s+ ) m$ium grease e #ejj miles4 ,oil ! /e]+ me*anism e #ajj miles & turn d[n all grease cups4 ,,lubrication ,,"t-,,table ,lubricate z (t5 z is necess>y4 ,! safe/ rule always is to foll[ ! manufactur]'s in/ructions4 ,e #ajj miles3 ,use oil c freely2 turn all grease cups d[n two or ?ree turns4 ,be sure t ^! p>ts are well lubricat$3 ,/e]+ app>atus1 clut*1 spr+-%ackle bolts1 crank h&le1 fan1 valve-rock] arms1 :eel hubs4 ,e #bej miles3 ,give same c>e to brak+ app>atus1 em]g5cy brake1 & ge>-%ift lev]s1 & rock] %afts1 wat] pump1 torsion & radius rods4 ,clean =ce-fe$ oil sy/em4 ,e #ejj miles3 ,inspect transmission & diff]5tial cases & refill if necess>y2 pack /e]+ worm h\s+2 apply neatsfoot oil to cone clut* fac+2 clean gravity & circulat+ spla% sy/ems4 ,e #ajjj miles3 ,pack univ]sal jo9ts1 ball & socket boots1 hub caps2 oil magneto1 electric motor1 electric g5]ator2 clean disc clut*2 clean spla% sy/em2 lubricate spr+ leaves by jack+ up frame ( c>1 spread+ leaves ap>t1 & putt+ graphite mix$ ) gasol9e betwe5 leaves4 ,e #ejjj miles3 ,dra9 transmission & diff]5tial cases & clean ) k]os5e & r5ew lubricant2 clean :eel be>+s & repack hubs ) grease4 ,give all be>+s a c>eful inspection & take up all play4 ,,c>e ,,( ,,/orage ,,batt]y ,keep electrolite ov] top ( plates by add+ di/ill$ wat]4 ,keep top ( batt]y clean & metal p>ts cov]$ ) vasel9e to prev5t corrosion4 ,keep holes 9 v5t plugs op54 ,nev] leave batt]y /&+ 9 a dis*>g$ condition4 ,make sure x is tightly fa/5$ on c>4 ,exam9e batt]y once a week 9 summ]2 e two weeks 9 w9t]4 ,take hydromet] read+s at ^! times2 nev] take hydromet] read+ imm$iately aft] add+ wat]2 wait fifte5 m9utes = wat] to mix ) electrolite4 ,if "o cell always ne$s wat] exam9e = leaky conta9]4 ,,indications ,,( ,a ,,dis*>g$ ,,batt]y ,/>t+ motor cranks eng9e sl[ly or n at all4 ,lamps burn dimly or n at all4 ,lamps burn brightly :5 fir/ turn$ on b soon dim4 ,electric horn weak4 ,l[ specific gravity ( electrolite4 ,,causes ,,( ,,dis*>g$ ,,batt]y ,g5]ator n *>g+ batt]y4 ,g5]ator belt slipp+4 ,wires %ort-circuit$ or gr\nd$4 ,plates n cov]$ ) electrolite4 ,defective or leaky cell4 ,excessive lamp load4 ,excessive use ( lamps :5 eng9e is /opp$4 ,c> n be+ run fa/ en\gh to *>ge at suffici5t rate4 ,us+ />t] too mu*4 ,cut-out n work+ prop]ly4 ,brok5 or loose connection betwe5 g5]ator & batt]y4 7,/orage batt]y effici5cy 9 w9t] is half t ( summ]47 ,,locat+ ,,tr\bles ,,9 ,,light+ ,,& ,,ignition ,,sy/em ,if no *>ge %[s on da% met] :5 eng9e is runn+ at spe$ equal to #ae m4 p4 h41 connect good ammet] 9 s]ies ) da% met]2 if ?is met] %[s prop] *>g+ rate1 tr\ble is ) da% met]2 if x also %[s no *>ge1 connect voltmet] ) g5]ator t]m9als4 ,if x indicates a v high voltage1 g5]ator is ,o4 ,k4 & tr\ble is betwe5 g5]ator & batt]y4 ,te/ cut-out & exam9e all connections & wires4 ,if lights light :5 eng9e is /opp$1 tr\ble is betwe5 g5]ator & ammet]4 ,if lights d n light1 tr\ble is betwe5 ammet] & batt]y4 ,if no1 or l[1 voltage is indicat$1 tr\ble is ) ! g5]ator1 regulator1 or wire betwe5 g5]ator & regulator4 ,if />t+ motor w n crank eng9e1 make sure batt]y is ,o4 ,k41 connections bright & clean1 commutator & bru%es 9 good condition1 & t />t+ swit* makes good contact4 ,crank eng9e by h& to make sure "s me*anical defect is n prev5t+ eng9e f turn+4 ,if />t+ motor sp9s b does n crank eng9e1 p9ion or drive ge> may be loose1 *a9 brok51 or ov]runn+ clut* slipp+4 ,if a ,b5dix drive1 p9ion may /ick 9 worm due to dirt 9 ?reads4 ,if none ( ! bulbs light1 exam9e connection at batt]y1 ammet]1 light+ swit*1 & wires betwe5 ^? units = breaks2 also all ! bulbs may be burn$ out4 ,if a gr\nd$ sy/em1 exam9e gr\nd connection at frame4 ,if only "o bulb fails to light1 tr\ble mu/ be 9 its own circuit4 ,take tr\ble lamp or voltmet] & te/ at contacts ( connector at lamp4 ,if y get curr5t at ?is po9t1 tr\ble is ) bulb or contact p9s /ick+1 or n long en\gh4 ,if y d n get curr5t at ?is po9t1 exam9e fuses1 connections at light+ swit* & connectors2 also wire = breaks4 ,z a %ort circuit on ! c> g5]ally %[s its pres5ce by its effect on batt]y1 prev5t+ x f hold+ a *>ge1 if met] %[s dis*>ge all ! "t1 remove wire f met] or batt]y4 ,if ne$le rema9s on dis*>ge1 ne$le is /uck2 if x drops to z]o1 !re is a %ort circuit or cut-out does n op54 ,a %ort circuit beyond ! light+ swit* w n %[ on ! met] until swit* is turn$ to circuit 9 :i* %ort circuit is locat$4 ,?is w cause lights to dim & %[ a heavy dis*>ge on met]4 ,z !re are o!r circuits ^: curr5t does n pass ?r\gh met]1 a %ort circuit 9 !m w\ld n be indicat$ on met]1 b w\ld be indicat$ by runn+ d[n ( batt]y4 ,to locate1 remove all bulbs1 also all wires f "o ( ! batt]y t]m9als4 ,connect "o side ( ! tr\ble lamp to batt]y t]m9al & ! o!r side ( lamp to wires remov$4 ,any curr5t leav+ ! batt]y mu/ n[ pass ?r\gh ! tr\ble lamp caus+ x to light4 #a--;,if tr\ble lamp lights :5 light+ swit* is turn$ (f1 %ort circuit is ei!r 9 />t+ motor-circuit1 g5]ator circuit 7or cut-out does n op571 horn circuit1 or 9 wires betwe5 light+ swit* & batt]y1 or 9 ignition circuit4 ,elim9ate "o circuit aft] ano!r until tr\ble lamp goes out4 ,!n exam9e circuit on :i* x goes out = %ort4 #b--;,if tr\ble lamp lights only :5 light+ swit* is on1 %ort circuit is 9 circuit beyond light+ swit*4 ,exam9e circuit indicat$ on face ( swit* :5 9 position t tr\ble lamp lights1 z swit* c be divid$ into sections4 ,elim9ate "o section aft] ano!r until tr\ble lamp goes out2 !n exam9e ?is circuit = %ort4 ,,*apt] ,,xlviii ,,! ,,gold5 ,,rule ,,( ,,motor+ ,?is volume does n pret5d to set a /&>d ( mann]s = own]s ( automobiles1 nor does x pr(ess to be a fir/-aid c\rse 9 c\rtesy1 mu* less sugge/ lessons 9 g5tlemanl9ess1 :i* might z well be call$ g5tl5ess at once2 yet !re is sad ne$ ( in/ruction 9 all ^! ?+s1 if "o may judge by ! exp]i5ces ( ! road & ( ! inn & g>age /ops along ! way4 ,n[ ! writ] believes t ! ,am]ican citiz5 is a g5tleman to ! manor born1 ( natural "r & disposition1 & t he does n leave 8 mann]s at home1 z he is suppos$ to leave 8 religion at ! *ur* door4 ,a g5tleman 9 ! draw+-room w be a g5tleman on ! highway4 ,he w n be a boor because ! man he happ5s to meet is "o1 n ev5 if ! majority are4 ,:y is x1 !n1 t !re is an utt] abs5ce ( c\rtesy1 or if !re be an occasional display ( good nature x b emphasizes ! lack ( x 9 g5]al8 ,und\bt$ly ?is is a fair /atem5t ( conditions 9 & ab\t ! metropolis4 ,x is n true to any:]e ne> ! same ext5t 9 ! ,we/]n c\ntry1 & 8,we/]n0 ought to be und]/ood 9 ?is connection z any?+ we/ ( ! ,alleghany range4 ,! writ] has be5 a/\nd$ on sev]al occasions 9 ,d5v] & o!r ,we/]n cities at ! really human _s ( ! driv]s4 ,!y actually /opp$ ( _! own accord to let ! writ]1 a p$e/rian at ! "t1 cross ! /reet1 & did x 9 s graci\s a way z to make x seem a real pleasure4 ,picture t on ,fif? ,av5ue1 ,new ,york ,city1 or ^u any ( ! highways out ( ! metropolis on a ,sunday or holiday 9 w>m wea!r4 ,b x is n alone 9 ! attitude ( ! driv] t[>d ! p$e/rian t !re is remissness1 b 9 ! behavior t[>d o!r driv]s t !re is ne$ = improvem5t4 ,:at is easi] ?an to *e]fully make way = ! man :o wi%es to pass by1 or to turn aside z mu* z may be necess>y = ! o!r c> we meet2 to sl[ up at ! int]section1 in/ead ( spurt+ to get ahead ( ! o!r fell[1 & mak+ him jam on ! brakes to avoid a collision8 ,:y is x necess>y to try to get ! be/ ( ! o!r fell[1 z ?\gh driv+ 7 a conte/ ( wits & t skill on ! road consi/$ 9 8beat+ ! o!r fell[ to x80 ,p]haps ! answ] to all ?is criticism is t 9 & ab\t ,new ,york1 :]e !re is a d5se population1 !re are ?\s&s ( driv]s :o are n f ! ranks ( ! well-br$1 by :i* is n meant ! weal?y4 ,! l[ price ( c>s & ! ?\s&s ( us$ c>s on ! m>ket has put !m at ! disposal ( ! but*] boy & ! hod c>ri] & bell hop1 & !y seem to h ! idea t ! driv] ( a c> possesses sup]ior rights ov] o!rs & mu/ ass]t x4 ,out 9 ! l& :]e folks h a *ance to op5 _! lungs & brea!1 a broad] view ( life is held4 ,x is a fact1 h[ev]1 t ! well-to-d families ( ! ,ea/ are m & m requir+ ( _! driv]s t !y foll[ ! gold5 rule & n ! ,eb5 ,hold5 br&4 ,y rememb] ,eb5's v]sion3 8,d unto o!rs :at !y are try+ to d unto y1 & d x fu/40 ,secret>y ( ,/ate ,francis ,m4 ,hugo1 ( ,new ,york1 rec5tly deliv]$ an address to a gr\p ( /ud5ts 9 :i* he said a numb] ( p]t95t ?+s conc]n+ ! op]ation ( c>s1 bas$ ^u 8 own exp]i5ces4 ,x is s good t x is repr9t$ "h3 ,x is n too mu* to say t ! future ( motor+ l>gely dep5ds ^u ! behavior ( motori/s & _! driv]s t[>d ! public4 ,z few] own]s ( l>ge t\r+ ma*9es drive _! own c>s n[adays 9 proportion to ! numb] driv5 ?an us$ to be ! case1 x is1 !re=e1 ma9ly ! behavior ( _! driv]s on ! road t is important4 ,! subject ( ! tra9+ ( ! motor man is consequ5tly wor? mu* att5tion1 & t ! automobile community z a :ole realizes ?is is evid5t n only by ! e/abli%m5t ( v>i\s s*ools1 :]e ! me*anical side ( ! pr(ession is taught to ! future driv]1 b by ! ef=ts ( v>i\s clubs & associations1 notably ( ! ,y4 ,m4 ,c4 ,a41 :o h />t$ s*ools all ov] ! c\ntry to help 9 ?is tra9+4 ,= ! pa/ few ye>s1 ^? :o drive motor c>s = wages h be5 call$ 8*auffeurs10 a ^w aga9/ :i* a prote/ %\ld always be made on ! d\ble gr\nd ( etymology & nationality4 ,to beg9 )1 ! ^w 9 reality means 8/ok]40 ,on ! foot plate ( a ,fr5* locomotive ! driv] is call$ 8me*anici510 :ile ! fireman is designat$ z ! 8*auffeur40 ,9 ! case ( motor c>s propell$ by /eam1 ! ^w 8*auffeur0 may ?us be held to be remotely correct1 b on ! ord9>y c> propell$ by ! int]nal combu/ion eng9e or by electric p[]1 !re is no s5se 9 ! t]m4 ,9 ! be/ ,fr5* circles also1 ! ^w 8me*anici50 is always us$ to designate ! driv] ( a c> & ! ^w 8*auffeur0 ev5 9 ,france is said to be becom+ obsolete4 ,! motorman1 z he w1 !re=e1 be call$1 is v (t5 ! subject ( mu* discussion & sometimes ( irrational abuse4 ,( c\rse1 !re are black %eep 9 ?is pr(ession1 z 9 e o!r1 b "o is glad to place on record t black %eep 7 f> m num]\s five ye>s ago ?an !y are n[4 ,no "o :o obs]ves )\t prejudice ! behavior ( motor-c> driv]s 9 ,new ,york ,city & else:]e c help be+ /ruck ) ! c>eful way 9 :i* private motor c>s are n[ driv51 ! neatness & cleanl9ess ( ! m5 !mselves1 & ! va/ improvem5t :i* has tak5 place 9 _! g5]al mann]s4 ,=m]ly1 x 0 ?\ght to be ! highe/ m>k ( ! pr(ession t a motorman %\ld be dirty 9 e respect1 & a greasy cap1 black h&s & face1 oily clo!s &1 z a rule1 a half-smok$ dirty cig>ette 9 ! side ( 8 m\?1 comb9$ ) a contemptu\s sc[l at e pass]-by1 0 n an uncommon sight4 ,?is /ate ( ?+s1 h[ev]1 has *ang$ = ! bett]4 ,occasionally a specim5 ( ! primeval driv] is met )1 & ev5 n[ ! habit ( cig>ette smok+ :5 9 *>ge ( a c> is suppos$1 by ! y\ng] & less intellig5t m5 ( ! pr(ession1 to conf] an air ( k c\pl$ ) disda94 ,9 c\rse ( "t ?is =m ( swagg] w die out also4 ,! mann]s1 moreov]1 ( _m motorm5 to _! employ]s & to _! fell[ s]vants h n 9 ! pa/ be5 all t c\ld be desir$1 b z /at$ be=e1 _! g5]al behavior is m>k$ly improv+1 & x mu/ be rememb]$ t1 motorm5 are greatly sup]ior 9 intellig5ce to mo/ ( _! pr$ecessors4 ,x ne$ h>dly be not$ "h t mu* dep5ds ^u ! way ! motorman has be5 tra9$4 ,:5 automobil+ 0 j beg9n+ ! only p]son available :o ev5 half knew ! some:at complicat$ ma*9e ( ! e>ly days 0 ! me*anic tra9$ = a few mon?s 9 ! %op :]e ! c> _h be5 manufactur$4 ,he 0 ma/] ( ! situation because he alone _h work+ k ( its p>ts4 ,no "o 9 ^? days ?\ght = "o mom5t ( a motorman f ! viewpo9t ( good driv+4 ,! own] ( ! c>1 above all1 desir$ to possess a good me*anic1 = breakd[ns 7 num]\s & v>i$ & half ( ! exp5ses ( motor+ 7 necessitat$ by r5ewals ( p>ts or adju/m5ts due to ord9>y we> & te>4 ,n[adays s]i\s or ev5 insignificant breakd[ns are r>e1 & !re is h>dly a fir/-class make ( c> 9 ! m>ket :i* w n run _m ?\s&s ( miles )\t any?+ be+ necess>y 9 ! way ( repairs & adju/m5ts4 ,^? :i* are necess>y are1 moreov]1 ( ! simple/ k9d4 ,!re is no long]1 !re=e1 ! same necessity = ! motorman to be :at is call$ a really good me*anic1 s long z he und]/&s ! g5]al pr9ciple on :i* ! eng9e works & ! arrangem5t ( ! ge>s4 ,! majority ( motor-c> own]s h1 !re=e1 *ang$ 9 _! requirem5ts4 ,!y d n want a man :o is prim>ily a skill$ me*anic1 b !y d ask = a skillful driv]1 & on ?is wise alt]native 9 ! *ief qualifications dem&$ lies a good deal ( ! reason = ! great *ange :i* has tak5 place 9 ! behavior ( ! motorman 9 ! city & out ( x4 ,x may be rem>k$ t an excell5t me*anic is n necess>ily a good driv]1 ?\gh he may be s 9 c]ta9 cases4 ,:at is requir$ 9 ! driv] besides ! g5]al k ( ! ma*9]y is a k ( ! cu/oms & c\rtesies ( ! road & ! habits ( traffic1 ! possession ( ! qualities ( al]tness1 =esight1 & consid]ation = o!rs4 ,above all1 he %\ld h a temp]ate frame ( m9d1 an ab/95ce n only f drunk5ness1 b dr9k+ 9 any b a mo/ mod]ate s5se4 ,! driv] ( an ord9>y wagon is conspicu\s by 8 ignorance ( ! way to drive & 8 want ( consid]ation ( o!r traffic4 ,he is ! mo/ p]si/5t mov+ ob/ruction :i* exi/s4 ,! motor-c> driv]1 on ! o!r h&1 has to be ! be/ driv] on ! highway if he is to drive )\t (f5se to ! public & dang] to !m & himself1 = he has to conduct a vehicle :i* is m valuable ?an any o!r & f> & away m spe$y ?\gh m h&y1 &1 !re=e1 ^: meet+ ) & ov]tak+ ( o!r vehicles is _m times m rapid4 ,9 addition to ^!1 he has to consid] o!r dang]s ( ! road to :i* o!r vehicles are n s liable & :i* come f ! con/ruction ( its surface4 ,! complete motorman %\ld h a work+ k ( ! diff]5t mat]ials ( :i* roads are made1 ( _! comp>ative t5d5cy to cause skidd+1 & ( ! p]ils :i* arise f excessive & badly laid /reet-c> tracks4 ,he mu/ "k & cont9ually practice ! c\rtesies ( ! road & le>n its mann]s & cu/oms4 ,he mu/ be obs]vant & realize t *ildr5 hang+ on ! re> ( wagons are liable to drop (f sudd5ly & run across 8 pa?4 ,he mu/ be on ! look-out = p$e/rians1 /upid1 drunk1 or deaf1 = wagons on ! wrong side ( dang]\s corn]s1 & to be prep>$ to f9d vehicles 9 *>ge ( sleepy driv]s :o w (t5 d ! wrong act on awak5+4 ,x w1 !re=e1 be se5 t ! motorman to be really good has to be ! be/ driv] on ! road & t ! /&>d dem&$ mu/ necess>ily be high4 ,he mu/ possess exceptional qualities z comp>$ ) ! horse driv]4 ,! "q is1 !re=e1 all important--,:at are ! be/ me?ods ( tra9+ su* a man8 ,!re is no d\bt t _m ( ! s*ools :i* are tea*+ elem5t>y me*anics to ! w\ld-be motorman are excell5t 9 _! way4 ,b !re are _m :i* are no?+ b frauds4 ,reports h frequ5tly be5 made to ! ,/ate :]e a man has compla9$ bitt]ly ( hav+ put d[n #be or #ej 9 return = :i* no?+ b mo/ elem5t>y in/ruction has be5 giv5 & ?is (t5 9 ! wor/ possible way4 ,!re has be5 no tea*+ 9 traffic rules or on ! road1 or1 if giv51 s little z to be ( no use4 ,b at o!r places pa9s are tak51 &1 by diagrams 9 ! class-room & practical tea*+ on ! road mu* has be5 taught4 ,!re are also n[adays h&-books galore :i* tea* ! con/ruction1 repair1 ! common faults & likely fail+s ( ! gasol9e eng9e f ,a to ,z4 ,! me*anical side may1 !re=e1 be said to h be5 amply provid$ =4 ,b ?is is only ! less important1 ?\gh necess>y1 "p ( ! tra9+ ( ! mod]n motorman4 ,:at is really ne$$ is t "s s*ool %\ld tea* mann]s on ! road & ! habits ( traffic1--9 %ort1 tra9 its m5 = ! road4 ,!re %\ld also be problems ( difficult b ord9>y situations 9 traffic set 9 a writt5 exam9ation1 ! correct solution ( :i* %\ld be obligatory be=e ! motorman c\ld be said to be prop]ty tra9$4 ,x is n1 p]haps1 easy to see at fir/ h[ ?is sort ( in/ruction c be giv5 on ! pres5t scale ( fees1 b ! s*ools 9 ! future1 :i* devote a l>ge "p ( _! att5tion to tea*+ ! rules ( ! road & its cu/oms & c\rtesies w assur$ly turn out ! be/ class ( driv]s1 :o w be 9 ! greate/ dem&4 ,to beg9 )1 ! habits ( horse-drawn vehicles %\ld be /udi$4 ,x is a lib]al education to take a j\rney1 = in/ance1 on ! top ( a ,fif? ,av5ue motor bus & wat* ! way 9 :i* ! driv] drives 8 unwieldly vehicle ?r\gh ! /reets ( ,new ,york4 ,o!r bus driv]s also are rapidly becom+ 8 equal1 & let x be ackn[l$g$ t no?+ b ! h>d s*ool ( practical1 e-day exp]i5ce 9 ,new ,york ,city /reets1 assi/$ by police sup]vision & ! fe> ( dismissal = c>elessness or accid5t1 c\ld produce su* able driv]s4 ,aga91 ! exp]t taxicab driv] might be tak5 z an example ( a fa/] class ( motor traffic4 ,! w\ld-be fir/-class motorman :5 be+ tra9$ w\ld ?us h ! exp]i5ce ( horse vehicles & p$e/rians1 & h not$ c>efully :at usually happ5s & h tri$ to und]/& _! po9t ( view4 ,?is is "o ( ! fir/ /eps :i* %\ld be tak5 9 tra9+ ! driv] ( ! swift me*anical vehicle4 ,!n example might be giv5 ( ! prop] way to drive c>s ar\nd corn]s1 bo? "r-h&$ & left-h&$1 & ! be/ mann] ( ! asc5d+ & surm\nt+ /eep gradi5ts or negotiat+ high bridges4 ,driv+ at night %\ld also be practic$1 & prospective driv]s %\ld le>n to di/+ui% ! fa9t gl[ on ! road ahead :i* designates ! pres5ce ( a motorcycle & o!r signs d5ot+ p]sons or vehicles4 ,map read+ %\ld also be a "p ( 8 in/ruction4 ,& !re is yet "o o!r ?+ :i* ! motor-driv+ s*ool %\ld inculcate1 ?\gh x c\ld n te*nically tea* ! motorman--t is1 good mann]s to 8 employ] & 8 employ]'s fri5ds4 ,to be r\gh & rude is a disgrace to any class1 & x is ! m>k ( a man :o is ei!r n c]ta9 ( himself or is afflict$ ) an innate bad temp]4 ,x is n1 & nev] c be1 a sign ( sup]iority4 ,a respectful & civil attitude n only makes ! pa? ( life easi]1 b is 9 itself a /rong recomm5dation4 ,little ?+s :i* d n at fir/ seem to matt]1 & are m]ely m 9 ! nature ( c\rtesy ?an s]vile att5tions1 %\ld be obs]v$4 ,a civil salute :5 ! own] fir/ addresses ! motorman1 ! read9ess to help 9 any little matt]1 su* z c>ry+ a bag to ! /ation1 or ! ?\ght ( a rug to cov] ! lap1 & simil> little c\rtesies1 are ! sign ( ! man :o1 if consid]ate 9 ^! little matt]s1 is likely to be consid]ate 9 o!rs m important4 ,x also e/abli%es him firmly 9 ! e/imation ( 8 employ]4 ,to sum up1 ! p]fect motorman1 ?\gh he %\ld possess z mu* k ( me*anics z possible1 %\ld1 above all1 be a consid]ate driv]1 well v]s$ 9 ! mann]s & c\rtesies ( ! road & ! habits ( traffic4 ,& 9 addition1 he %\ld try to be well mann]$1 z m & m motor-c> own]s are becom+ conv9c$ t1 besides k1 8,mann]s make? ! ,motorman40 ,,index ,a ,accel]ate :ile clut* is be+ engag$1 #afh ,accel]ator1 lubrication (1 #da ,accel]ator p$al1 #bj2 :at x does1 :]e plac$1 #afj ,accessories1 electric1 cause tr\ble1 #bhb ,air 9 tires1 pl5ty (1 be=e leav+ g>age1 #cjh ,alcohol1 9 freeze-pro( solution1 h[ mu* to use1 #aib ,alignm5t1 :y :eels are n set 9 p]fect1 #aja1 #ajb1 #ajc ,ammet]1 #bj1 #aji2 ne$le erratic1 cause (1 #bhc ,anti-freez+ solution1 #afd1 #afe2 necess>y 9 w9t]1 #aia2 be/ to use1 #aic2 home-made1 *eape/ & j z effici5t1 #aic2 composition (1 dep5ds on temp]ature1 #aic2 sometimes wise to replace ) hot wat] to />t eng9e1 #aid ,armature1 increas+ spe$ (1 #aag ,armature w9d+1 tr\ble 91 #bgg ,asphalt1 dri$1 h[ to remove f c>1 #bda ,asphyxiation f gasol9e fumes1 #bbe2 h[ to avoid1 #bbf ,automobile1 value (1 :at x dep5ds on1 #d2 s*ools1 #g2 half k (1 an ob/acle1 #h2 description & ess5tials (1 #ab2 h[ to pull out :5 /uck1 #hf2 /e]+ comp>$ ) /e]+ ( boats ( diff]5t types1 #ajb2 sett+ ( :eels comp>$ ) bicycle1 #aje2 w /e] ) brok5 tie rod1 #ajf2 h[ to />t ) eng9e runn+1 #aff2 h[ to /op1 #afh2 h[ to rev]se1 #afi2 clean+ (1 #age1 #bcf2 may be kept 9 commission 9 _m cold places ! ye> r\nd1 #aia2 any mod]n make1 if kept 9 good condition w climb wor/ hill1 #bbi2 to prep>e = a t\r1 #bdd2 tr\ble hunt+ mu/ be sy/ematic1 #bgb2 tr\ble1 be/ way to f9d1 #bgc2 n a fad1 #cja ,automobile body1 h[ to c>e = gloss (1 #bdb ,automobile fires1 causes (1 #bad ,auxili>y air valve1 adju/ = high spe$s1 #cji ,axle1 re>1 description1 #ac2 =w>d1 description & location1 #ad ,axle %aft1 re>1 w9d felt ar\nd1 to keep oil away f brake l9+1 #if ,b ,back-fir+1 cause ( fires1 #bad2 h[ to prev5t1 #bbj ,b&s1 brake1 h[ arrang$1 #ig ,batt]ies1 two %\ld be c>ri$1 #aeg ,batt]y1 #ae2 s\rce ( curr5t1 #aj2 necessity ( fir/ te/+1 #aji1 #aad2 ignition1 #abj2 be sure x is suffici5tly *>g$ be=e leav+ g>age1 #aeg2 mu/ be fill$ (t5] 9 hot wea!r1 #bjf2 pack$ ar\nd ) wa/e1 sometimes causes fire1 #bag2 te/ be=e t\r+1 #bdh2 inspect1 9 case ( tr\ble1 #bgf2 rules = c>e (1 #cab2 indications & causes ( a dis*>g$1 #cac ,batt]y & coil ignition sy/em1 #ae ,batt]y to magneto1 swit* f1 #cji ,batt]y tr\ble1 #abc2 m difficult to keep *>g$ 9 w9t]1 #abc2 in/ance ( />v+ batt]y1 #abd1 #abe2 mu/ n be ov]*>g$1 #abe2 less effici5cy 9 cold wea!r1 #abf2 n[ furni%es all curr5t us$1 #abf2 s$im5t 91 #abf2 c be *>g$ ov]night1 #abg2 =m] batt]y 8don'ts10 #abg2 av]age life ( batt]y1 #abh ,be>+s1 crank1 #ag2 lubrication ( :eel1 #dc2 def9ition1 diff]5t types1 #adi2 ( eng9e1 =m & con/ruction1 h[ oil$1 #aej2 ( ignition sy/em1 =m & lubrication1 #aeb2 c>buretor & ?rottle1 #aeb1 #aec2 sp>k-control1 />t]1 #aec2 /e]+-ge>1 transmission propell] %aft1 #aed2 o!r1 #aee2 ne$ additional c>e 9 summ]1 #bjh2 loose1 cause knock+1 #beh2 tight1 cause knock+1 #bei2 grit 91 due to loss ( hub cap1 #bgj ,belts fan1 tr\bles1 h[ to c>e =1 #bjj ,bicycle1 sett+ ( :eel comp>$ ) automobile1 #aje ,boats ( diff]5t types1 /e]+ (1 comp>$ ) /e]+ ( automobile1 #ajb ,bolts1 dropp$ f c>s1 #bfh2 abs5ce (1 cause squeaks1 #bfi2 exam9ation (1 #bfi2 brake-l9kage1 #bga2 du/-pan1 #bga2 mu/ "k location (1 #bga2 tight51 once a mon?1 #bga ,bottle1 rubb] hot-wat]1 = heat+ c>buretor1 #aid ,brake1 use ( eng9e z a1 #ie1 #bcd1 #bdg2 runn+1 :5 ne$$1 h[ op]at$1 #aeh2 em]g5cy1 its use1 h[ op]at$1 #aei1 #cjh ,brake b&s1 h[ arrang$1 #ig ,brake drums1 description & location1 #ad1 #ae2 h[ injur$1 #ih2 keep free f oil1 #bdg ,brake-lev]1 em]g5cy1 #bj1 #aei2 lubrication (1 #da ,brake l9+1 c be ru9$1 #ie2 oil on1 its cause1 ! results1 h[ to prev5t1 #if2 we>s ?91 #ih2 :5 necess>y to replace1 #ih2 rivets (1 #ih2 h[ to save1 #bdg ,brake l9kage1 #ae1 #ig2 bolts1 #bga ,brake me*anism1 oil+ (1 important1 #ig ,brake p$al1 #bj ,brake rods1 worn1 cause clatt]+1 #bfd ,brakes1 affect tires1 #gb2 badly or unev5ly adju/$1 cause skidd+1 #hj1 #hh2 m important ?an ! eng9e1 manufactur]s con/antly improv+1 #ic2 mu/ be cont9ually wat*$1 #id2 o!r means ( brak+1 #ie2 use (1 on hills1 #ie1 #agb1 #agc2 oil 9 l9+1 :at causes x1 h[ to prev5t x1 #if1 #ig2 lubrication necess>y1 #ig2 failure ( l9+1 #ih2 h& & foot1 #ih1 #ii2 adju/m5t ( bo?1 = be/ effect1 #ii2 inspect bo? sets be=e t\r+1 #bdf2 use two sets alt]nately1 #bdg ,brass1 remove corrosion f1 ) clean+ comp\nd1 #bci2 h[ to keep f corrosion1 #bci ,break] po9ts cause tr\ble1 #bib ,bulbs1 electric light1 extra set1 #ca ,bur/+ ( radiator1 pipes1 & wat]-jacket prev5t$ by prop] freeze-pro( solution1 #aic ,c ,cam1 loose1 causes knock+1 #bei2 foll[] guide causes knock+1 #bei2 %afts to adju/1 #cji ,cams1 worm1 cause knock+1 #bei ,c>bon1 on valves1 #fg2 second>y curr5t absorb$ by1 #aai2 acts z a cond5s]1 #aai2 %ort circuits sp>k plug1 #abj2 9 eng9e causes ov]-heat+1 #bjb2 remove1 be=e t\r+1 #bdg2 causes knock+1 #bea2 r$uces size ( combu/ion *amb]1 #beb2 bits (1 9 unusual places1 cause tr\ble1 #bgb2 on valve seats1 #bgd ,c>bon dioxide1 9 gasol9e fumes1 #bbd2 monoxide1 9 gasol9e fumes1 #bbd ,c>bonic acid gas1 9 gasol9e fumes1 #bbd ,c>buretor1 location1 #ae2 :at x does1 #bc2 float1 #bc2 adju/m5t to limit gasol9e supply1 #dg2 affect$ by wea!r1 #ec2 v>ieties (1 #ee2 te/ =1 #ef2 adju/m5t (1 #ef1 #eg2 poor adju/m5t (1 #fh2 be>+s1 #aeb2 prim+1 #aff2 works wor/ 9 cold wea!r1 #ahe2 manufactur]s con/antly improv+ effici5cy (1 #ahe1 #ahf2 desir$ :i* w vaporize heavy gasol9e 9 cold wea!r1 #ahf2 /ove & wat]-jacket bo? ne$$ = cold wea!r1 #ahf2 w "w bett] if hot air is fir/ introduc$1 #ahg2 8/ove0 put out by _m manufactur]s1 #ahg2 ) wat]-jacket$ mix+ *amb]1 #ahg2 devices = heat+1 #aid2 hot wea!r treatm5t1 #bjf2 inspect 9 case ( tr\ble1 #bge2 h[ to adju/ a1 #cji2 le>n con/ruction be=e attempt+ to adju/1 #cji ,ca/] effect ( incl9$ knuckle p9s1 #aje ,ca/or oil = h>%-gripp+ clut*1 #caj ,cautions1 miscellane\s important1 #agf ,*a9s1 cross1 #hb2 non-skid1 h[ to adju/1 #ha1 #hb2 (t5 drop l9ks1 #bgj ,*a9 tool1 conv5i5ce (1 #bi ,*amb]1 combu/ion1 #ag ,*amois sk91 #eb1 #bda ,*>ge1 ( gasol9e & air1 #ag2 9 combu/ion *amb]1 h[ fir$ & :51 #bb ,*>t1 ,y4 ,m4 ,c4 ,a41 g5]al tr\ble1 #bgi ,*assis1 con/ruction (1 #ac2 position (1 #ac2 h[ to clean1 #bci 8,*auffeur10 real mean+ 8/ok]10 #cbj ,*auffeurs1 faults (1 #f2 mu/ n[ h te*nical electrical k1 #bhb1 #bhc1 #bhd2 %[ g5]ally an increase 9 neatness & cleanl9ess & improvem5t 9 mann]s1 #cba ,*oke1 or prim+ device1 #afb ,circuit1 break]1 #af2 complete necess>y1 #ajh2 second>y1 gap 91 #aab2 second>y1 heavy insulation absorbs curr5t1 #aai ,clatt]+ caus$ by worn brake rods1 #bfd ,clean+ c>1 #age1 #bcf2 clean] x is kept1 long] x w run satisfactorily1 #bcf2 oil & grease %\ld be remov$ f outside ( eng9e1 #bcg1 #bch2 f wire t]m9als & sp>k plugs1 #bch2 f cyl9d]s1 remove corrosion f brass1 #bci2 keep iron p>ts f ru/+1 #bci2 fan1 fan belt1 pulleys1 & cas+s1 #bci2 *assis & p>ts "u c>1 #bci2 h[ to make a 8creep]0 to lie on :ile work+ "u c>1 #bdj2 clean+ ! body ) hose & wat]1 #bdj2 dry+ ) *amois & clo?1 #bda2 h[ to remove dri$ mud & asphalt1 #bda2 d n use soap1 #bda2 use runn+ wat] if possible1 #bdb2 prep>ations = r5ew+ v>ni%$ surface1 #bdb2 clean+ & treatm5t ( ! top1 #bdb2 keep c> cov]$ 9 g>age1 #bdb2 slip cov]s1 #bdc2 fumes f /able or b>ny>d w dull v>ni%1 #bdc2 b>n us$ = g>age %\ld be r5ovat$1 #bdc ,cle>ance betwe5 valve /ems1 & pu% rods causes tr\ble1 #bij ,click caus$ by re> driv+ %aft1 in/ance (1 #bfb ,climb+ hills1 #aga ,clogg+ ( muffl]1 #ade1 #adf ,clo?1 use (1 9 clean+ c>1 #bda ,clut*1 cone1 #ah2 multiple disc1 #ah2 location (1 #ah2 p$al1 #bj2 lev] lubrication (1 #da2 affects tires1 #ga2 :]e plac$1 its purpose1 h[ x works1 #aeh2 h[ to use ) accel]ator p$al1 #afh2 use 9 hill-climb+1 #agb2 engage gradually1 #agg2 exp&+1 in/ance connect$ )1 #bhi2 rules = c>e (1 #caj ,clut* p$al1 :]e plac$1 #aeh ,cold wea!r1 />t+1 91 #ahd ,combu/ion1 #fg ,combu/ion *amb]1 #ag2 *>ge 91 h[ fir$ & :51 #bb2 oil 91 #dh1 #di2 r$uc$ 9 size by c>bon1 #beb ,commutators1 driv] mu/ "k h[ to s&pap]1 #bhb2 & to und]cut ! insulation (1 #bhc2 sp>k+ at !1 #bhc ,complications on c>1 increase com=t1 b add to worries1 #bhd ,compression1 h[ ma9ta9$1 #bd2 abs5ce (1 #ec2 te/ be=e t\r+1 #bdh2 too high1 causes knock+1 #bea1 #bfj2 necess>y to />t eng9e1 #bgc2 te/s 9 case ( tr\ble1 #bgc2 :5 x occurs1 #bgd ,compression *amb]1 in/ance ( /opp+ knock+ by increas+ size1 #beb ,compression /roke1 #ag ,cond5s]1 may ne$ exam9ation1 #aba ,cone clut*1 #ah ,conge/$ /reets1 driv+ 91 #agc ,connect+ rod1 #ag1 #fh2 be>+1 causes knock1 #bef1 #beh ,connection1 loose1 results (1 #bhc ,connector1 batt]y1 #bgf ,conv5i5ces1 add$1 h made m tr\ble1 #bhj1 #bha ,cool+1 pr9ciple (1 #ae2 diff]5t sy/em1 #ae ,corn]s1 h[ to turn1 #agj ,cott] p9s1 supply to all nuts be=e t\r+1 #bdh2 lo/ 9 /reet1 #bfh2 abs5ce (1 causes squeaks1 #bfi ,c\rtesy 9 motor+1 #cag2 m noticeable 9 ! ,we/ ?an 9 ! ,ea/1 #cah2 abs5ce (1 9 ill-br$ driv]s1 #cai2 spee* by ,hon4 ,francis ,m4 ,hugo1 g5]al requirem5ts & desirable qualities ( m5 :o are tru/$ to run automobiles on ! public roads1 #cai ,cov]s = radiator1 #aie ,crank1 #ag2 :]e plac$ & c>ri$1 #aeg2 miss+1 in/ance (1 #bhg ,crank be>+s1 #ag ,crank case1 #af2 wat] 91 #fh2 to be dra9$1 clean$1 & refill$ be=e t\r+1 #bde ,crank-p9 be>+s cause knock+1 #beh ,crank %aft1 revolutions 9 complete cycle1 #ag2 be>+ causes knock+1 #beh2 b5t1 causes knock+1 #bei ,crank ! eng9e1 h[ to1 #aff ,crank+ eng9e1 no use :5 swit* is (f1 #bhe2 five ?+s to d be=e1 #cjh2 ?ree ?+s to d aft]1 #cji ,creep]1 to lie on 9 work+ "u c>1 h[ to make1 #bdj ,cross+s1 railway1 extra c>e necess>y1 #ahj ,cr[n ( ! road causes slipp+1 #ij ,curr5t1 electric1 c\rse (1 #ajh2 break 91 ord] ( te/s to f9d1 #aji2 m us$ 9 />t+ 9 w9t]1 #abf ,cut-out1 object1 #add2 n[ prohibit$ & unnecess>y1 #ade2 sometimes causes fires :5 op5$ 9 g>age1 #baf ,cut-out1 rev]se curr5t1 #bhc ,cuts 9 tires1 #gj ,cycle ( ! eng9e1 numb] ( /rokes1 #ag ,cyl9d]s1 #af2 importance ( te/+1 #bd2 size (1 9 relation to air tak5 91 #dg2 prop] p[] f ea*1 #fa2 worn oval1 #fg2 wat] 91 #fh2 outside kept free f oil & grease1 #bch2 rais$ by fib] gasket1 #beb2 loose on base1 causes knock1 #bef2 worn causes knock+1 #bei2 loose due to lo/ wa%]s or p9s1 #bgj2 te/ = compression1 #bgd ,d ,da%bo>d1 wires & pipes1 dials & gauges & swit*es on1 #bhd ,dea? f gasol9e fumes1 #bbd2 h[ to avoid1 #bbf ,desc5d+ hills1 use ( eng9e z a brake1 #agb ,diff]5tial1 location & purpose (1 #ac2 h\s+1 #ac2 rules = c>e (1 #caa ,disc clut*1 multiple1 #ah ,di/ance betwe5 c>s1 necess>y to keep en\gh1 #hg ,di/ributor1 #af2 dirty1 causes knock+1 #bfj2 exam9e 9 case ( tr\ble1 #bgf ,doors ( g>age left op5 :5 eng9e is runn+1 #bbg ,driv]s mu/ look out = p$e/rians1 #bif ,drive %aft1 #ai ,driv+1 #aef2 9 conge/$ /reets1 #agc ,drums1 brake1 description & location1 #ad1 #ae2 h[ injur$1 #ih2 keep free f oil1 #bdg ,dry cells may be c>ri$ :ile t\r+1 #bdh ,du/ pan1 p>ts drop into1 #bfi ,e ,electric1 bulbs1 extra set ne$$ :ile t\r+1 #bdi2 lights & accessories cause tr\ble1 #bhb ,electrical1 equipm5t1 #ajh2 tr\ble1 te/s =1 #aji2 sy/ems1 k (1 necess>y to op]ate & c>e = a mod]n c>1 #bhb1 #bhc1 #bhd ,electricity1 /atic1 causes fires1 #bag ,electrolite1 repl5i% ) wat]1 #cab ,electrolitic action set up by salt 9 freeze-pro( solution1 #aib ,em]g5cies1 be prep>$ =1 ) prop] tools1 #bg ,em]g5cy brake1 lev]1 #bj1 #aei2 to be set1 #cjh ,eng9e1 ?ree ?+s necess>y to />t1 #aj1 #bgc2 ?ree ?+s necess>y to keep runn+1 #aj1 #ba2 location (1 #ae2 description (1 #af2 cycle1 numb] ( /rokes 91 #ag2 p[] 91 h[ secur$1 #bb2 use (1 z a brake1 #ie1 #agb1 #bcd2 gap 9 second>y circuit helps to />t1 #aab2 skips at l[ spe$s1 #aaf2 miss+ at high & l[ spe$s1 h[ to ov]come1 #aaf1 #aag2 be>+s1 #aej2 h[ to />t1 #afe2 to prev5t /all+1 #afg2 spe$ (1 le>n to judge by s\nd1 #afg2 /alls on a hill1 :at to d if1 #agb2 miss+ due to cold wea!r1 #ahd2 high] temp]ature to ! boil+ po9t ( wat]1 be/ = effici5cy1 #ahi1 #aig2 effici5cy (1 improv$ by cov]+ radiator :5 runn+ aga9/ ! w9d1 #aij2 two ?+s necess>y to op]ate 9 w9t]1 #aia2 freeze-pro( solution1 :at to use1 #aia2 prim+ 9 cold wea!r1 #aid2 to />t1 sometimes necess>y to sub/itute hot wat] = anti-freez+ solution1 #aid2 runs bett] 9 w9t] :5 fan is disconnect$1 #aie2 radiator cov] necess>y 9 cold wea!r1 #aie2 ov]heat+ 9 summ] causes tr\ble1 #aig2 knock+ at high spe$1 #aih2 ov]heats :5 driv5 at high spe$ ) sp>k ret>d$1 #aih2 ov]heat+ caus$ by s$im5t 9 radiator1 #aii2 ov]heat+ caus$ by c>eless /ret*+ ( hose1 #bja2 ov]heat+ r>ely caus$ by pump1 #bja2 keep free f c>bon to prev5t ov]heat+1 #bjb2 w climb wor/ hills1 if kept 9 good condition1 #bbi2 remove oil & grease f outside1 #bcg1 #bch2 remove c>bon be=e t\r+1 #bdg2 knocks f too high compression caus$ by c>bon1 #bea2 knock+ /opp$ by rais+ cyl9d]1 #beb2 loose on frame1 causes knock+1 #bei2 loose1 due to lo/ wa%]s or p9s1 #bgj2 oil & wat] necess>y to keep runn+1 #bgc2 conditions exi/+ 9 case ( tr\ble1 #bgc2 /all$ on cross+1 in/ance (1 #bhg2 five ?+s to d be=e crank+1 #cjh ,eng9e oil1 = multiple disc clut*1 #caa ,equipm5t1 :i* may be pur*as$ sep>ately1 #bd2 electrical1 #ajh2 extra1 to be c>ri$ on c>1 #aeg ,exhau/1 /eam f1 9 cold wea!r1 #ej ,exhau/ pipe1 #ae2 may set fire to c>1 #bae1 #baf2 fumes f1 cause dea?1 #bbd2 h[ to prev5t1 #bbf2 composition ( fumes1 #bbf ,exhau/ /roke1 #ag ,exhau/ valves1 /ick+1 cause knock1 #beg2 c>bon 91 #bgd ,expansion ( *>ge1 #ag ,exp5se ( upkeep1 #gc ,explosion1 none1 f gasol9e1 #bbb ,ext+ui%]1 fire1 necess>y1 #bah2 dry & liquid1 #bbc2 c>ry :ile t\r+1 #bdi ,f ,fan1 disconnect 9 cold wea!r1 #aie2 =m$ by spokes ( fly-:eel1 #bjj2 collects du/1 #bci2 causes knock+1 #bfj ,fan belts1 tr\bles (1 h[ to c>e =1 #bjj2 collects du/1 #bci2 c\pl+1 causes knock+1 #bei ,fan blades cause knock+1 #bei ,fe$ sy/ems1 gravity1 pressure1 & vacuum1 #afc ,felt1 use (1 to prev5t oil on brake l9+s1 #if ,f5ce rail z jack1 #cj ,file1 int]rupt] po9t1 #bh ,fire1 causes (1 #bad1 #bae1 #baf1 #bag1 #bah1 #bba2 ext+ui%] necess>y1 #bah2 don't run away f1 /ay & fight h>d1 #bbj2 to put out1 use s&1 salt1 or pat5t ext+ui%]1 #bbb2 c>ry ext+ui%] :ile t\r+1 #bdi ,fir/-aid kit1 #cb ,five ?+s to d be=e crank+ eng9e1 #cjh ,float 9 c>buretor1 #bc ,fly :eel1 #ag2 spokes (1 =m+ fan1 #bjj2 loose1 causes knock+1 #bei2 out ( balance1 causes knock+1 #bei ,=ce1 h[ produc$ 9 a gasol9e eng9e1 #ag ,=ce-fe$ lubrication1 #af ,f\r ?+s to d be=e leav+ g>age1 #cjh ,freeze-pro( solution1 = eng9e1 #aia2 composition (1 dep5ds on temp]ature1 #aib2 be/ to use1 #aic2 home-made1 *eape/ & j z effici5t1 #aic2 sometimes wise to replace1 ) hot wat] to />t eng9e1 #aid ,fre%-air problem1 solution (1 #cja ,fuel supply sy/ems1 #af2 tank1 #af ,full]'s e>? = slipp+ clut*1 #caj ,fumes ( gasol9e cause dea?1 #bbd2 *emical *anges1 composition (1 #bbd1 #bbf2 heavi] ?an air1 #bbe2 h[ to avoid1 #bbf2 intoxication f1 #bbg1 #bbh ,fumes f /able or b>ny>d affect poli%$ auto bodies1 #bdc 8,furnace10 hot-air = w>m+ air be=e x ent]s c>buretor1 #ahg ,fuse1 #aji2 sub/itute =1 9 horn1 #aac ,g ,gap 9 second>y circuit1 #aab ,g>age doors1 leave op5 :ile eng9e is runn+1 #bbg ,g>age1 :at to d be=e leav+1 #aeg1 #cjh2 op5+ ne> floor = escape ( gasol9e fumes1 #bbg ,gaskets1 intake manifold1 #ec2 d5t$ or jamm$1 #fd2 "u cyl9d]s increase size ( compression *amb]1 & /op knock+1 #bec1 #bed ,gas knock1 #beg ,gasol9e1 & air1 *>ge (1 #ag2 "u :at conditions x explodes1 #ba2 proportion ( vapor to air to produce good combu/ion1 #ba2 causes ( excessive use (1 #df2 adju/m5t ( c>buretor to limit supply (1 #dg2 ne$s oxyg5 = complete consumption1 #dg2 wat] 91 #eb2 /ra9] =1 #eb2 diff]5t qualities (1 #ee2 co/ (1 #eh2 economy (1 #fa1 #fb1 #fc2 loss ?r\gh leak+1 #fe2 excess (1 indicat$ by black smoke1 #fh2 affects tires1 #gb2 exam9e supply be=e leav+ g>age1 #aeg2 fe$ sy/ems1 #afc2 teakettle & di%rag me?od ( vaporiz+1 #ahd1 #ahh1 #aid2 volatility (1 decreas+1 #ahe2 pres5t supply has high] heat-produc+ quality :5 vaporiz$1 b heavi]1 h>d] to vaporize 9 cold wea!r1 #ahf2 heat necess>y to *ange f liquid to vapor1 #ahf1 #ahg2 /ove makes vaporization easi]1 #ahg2 :5 vaporiz$1 sometimes cond5ses aga9 9 cold eng9e1 #ahg2 /ove & wat] jacket bo? ne$$ 9 cold wea!r1 #ahh2 vaporizes prop]ly 9 a w>m g>age1 "s cond5ses 9 cold air1 #ahh2 unnecess>y am\nt us$ by ret>d$ sp>k1 #aih2 less requir$ 9 hot wea!r ?an 9 cold1 #bjf2 9 drip-pan1 cause ( fire1 #bae2 burns1 does n explode "u normal conditions1 #bba2 w n explode unless vaporiz$1 #bbb2 fire1 h[ to put out1 #bbb2 fumes1 (1 cause dea?1 #bbd2 *emical *anges1 composition ( fumes (1 #bbd-bbf2 fumes (1 heavi] ?an air1 #bbe2 h[ to avoid fumes (1 #bbf2 intoxication f fumes (1 #bbg1 #bbh2 loos5s up grease & oil 9 clean+ c>1 #bch2 c>ry extra supply :5 t\r+1 #bdf2 necess>y to />t eng9e1 #bgc2 inspect1 9 case ( tr\ble1 #bge2 us$ = slipp+ clut*1 #caj ,gasol9e tank1 :]e plac$1 h[ gasol9e supply is ma9ta9$1 #afb2 exam9e 9 case ( tr\ble1 #bge ,gas-pipe1 c>bon 91 #bgb ,ge>1 l[-spe$1 z a brake1 #ie2 high-spe$1 run on z mu* z possible1 #afh2 always turn corn]s on second spe$1 #aga ,ge> cas+s1 collect du/1 #bci2 refill be=e t\r+1 #bde ,ge> %ift+1 #acg2 necess>y = prop] adju/m5t ( load to spe$1 #ach2 noiseless %ift+ desirable1 #ach2 h[ be/ to %ift f fir/ to second1 & second to ?ird1 #aci2 h[ be/ to %ift f ?ird to second1 & second to fir/1 #aci1 #adj2 :5 to g back to second1 to fir/1 #adj2 don't %ift too soon1 #adj2 9 hill climb+1 #adj2 h[ to make a sil5t %ift on a hill1 #ada2 :at makes ge>s gr9d1 #ada2 h[ to avoid a noisy %ift to fir/ on />t+1 #ada2 on hills1 #bbi2 on an up grade1 #bca2 />t+ up hill1 #bca2 :i* ge> is be/ to use1 #bcb2 avoid /ra9+ c> by c>eful *oice ( ge>s1 #bcb1 #bcc2 ge>s to use desc5d+ hills1 #bcc1 #bcd2 no spe$+ on hills1 p]fect control ( c> necess>y1 #bcd ,ge>-%ift+ lev]1 :]e plac$1 h[ op]at$1 #aei2 h[ to move1 :5 /uck 9 neutral1 #afh2 place 9 neutral1 #cjh ,ge>-%ift+ p$als1 #bj ,ge>s1 purpose (1 #ah1 #aca2 tr\ble comes 9 ! %ift+ ge>s1 n 9 ! transmission1 #acj2 gr9d+ or cla%+ detrim5tal1 #aca1 #ada2 diagram & explanation ( ?ree-spe$ ge>s1 #aca2 to />t1 #acc2 to increase spe$1 #acc1 #acd2 to decrease spe$1 #ace2 to rev]se1 #acf2 c>e necess>y1 #acf2 use (1 9 hill-climb+1 #aga2 exam9e be=e t\r+1 #bde ,g5]ator1 #af2 mu/ n ov]*>ge batt]y1 #abe2 adju/able = summ] & w9t]1 #abg ,glyc]9 9 freeze-pro( solution1 #aib ,gravity fuel supply1 #af1 #afc ,grease1 #fa2 affects tires1 #gb2 heavi] quality ne$$ 9 summ]1 #bjg2 c>ry extra supply :5 t\r+1 #bdf ,grease cups1 turn d[n1 be=e leav+ g>age1 #aeg1 #caa1 #cab ,greas+ c>1 rules =1 #caa1 #cab ,gr9d+ & cla%+ ( ge>s1 #aca1 #ada ,gr\nd connections1 #aaj ,gr\nd wire1 loose1 #aad ,guides1 valve pu%-rod1 enclos$ 9 h\s+s1 #dd2 lubrication (1 #dd ,h ,headlight tr\ble1 #aad ,heat1 mu*1 necess>y = vaporization ( gasol9e1 #ahf1 #ahi ,high-spe$ ge>1 run on1 z mu* z possible1 #afh ,high-t5sion magneto sy/em1 #ae ,hill-climb+1 h[ to %ift ge>s1 #adj1 #ada2 use ( ?rottle1 sp>k1 & ge>s1 #aga2 :at to d if eng9e /alls1 #agb2 use ( clut*1 #agb2 bl[+ horn :51 #big ,hills1 desc5d+1 use ( eng9e z a brake1 #agb2 use ( brakes on1 #agc2 ! /eepe/ c be made by any mod]n c> :i* is 9 good condition1 #bbi ,horn bl[+1 #bib2 h[ x has aris51 #bie2 mu* ( x unnecess>y1 #bif2 bl[+ n necess>y aft] o!rs h se5 y1 #big2 :ile pass+ & turn+1 #big2 on hills1 #big2 :5 o!rs are pass+1 #bih ,horn tr\ble1 #aac1 #bhd ,hose1 c>eless /ret*+ (1 causes ov]heat+1 #bja2 defective1 causes knock+1 #bfj ,hose & wat]1 h[ to use 9 clean+ c>1 #bdj ,hot wea!r1 ov]-inflation ( tire1 in/ance (1 #bjc2 exp&s air 9 tires1 giv+ great] pressure1 #bjd ,h\s+s1 diff]5tial1 #ac2 = valve pu%-rod guides1 #dd ,hub ( re> :eel ne$s inspection :5 key$ to %aft1 #dc ,hub caps1 loss (1 all[s grit to get into be>+s1 #bgj ,hugo1 ,hon4 ,francis ,m41 spee* by1 #cai ,hydro-c>bon 9 burn+ gasol9e1 #bbd ,hydromet]1 #aji2 rules = read+s1 #cac ,i ,ignition1 swit*1 #bj2 magneto1 #aaf2 batt]y1 #abj2 prev5t$ by %ort-circuit+ due to c>bon1 #abj2 swit*1 :]e plac$1 its use1 h[ op]at$ #afb2 use (1 :5 brak+ ) eng9e1 on hills1 #agc2 wrongly tim$1 causes knock+1 #bfj2 inspect 9 case ( tr\ble1 #bgf ,ignition sy/em1 k9ds1 #ae2 "w (1 #bd2 be>+s1 #aeb2 requires _m *anges ( sp>k lev]1 #aih2 te/ be=e t\r+1 #bdh2 rules = locat+ tr\ble 91 #cad ,inflation1 tire1 "u1 #fj2 increas$ by hot wea!r1 #bjd2 l[] pressure ne$$ 9 hot wea!r1 #bje2 prop] degree (1 #baa1 #bab ,inlet valve1 #ag2 tr\ble 91 #bgd ,inspect1 don't expect1 #bhe ,in/ruction book1 manufactur]'s1 importance ( fully ma/]+1 #a1 #bfi ,in/ructions1 importance ( foll[+1 #h1 #i ,insulation1 heavy1 on second>y wires absorbs curr5t1 #aai ,insurance premium l[] :5 ext+ui%] is c>ri$1 #bah ,intake manifold1 #af2 gaskets1 #ec2 leaky1 #fc2 loose1 #fd ,intake valve1 #eb ,int]rupt] po9t file1 #bh ,int]rupt] po9ts1 adju/+1 to ov]come eng9e miss+ at high or l[ spe$1 #aaf2 clean+ (1 #aba2 c>bon 91 #bgb2 inspect 9 case ( tr\ble1 #bgf ,iron1 angle1 us$ 9 *assis1 #ac ,iron p>ts1 h[ to keep f ru/+1 #bci ,j ,jack1 importance ( h&le1 #cj2 use ( f5ce-rail z a1 #cj ,j]k+1 h[ to ov]come1 #afg ,jet1 l[ spe$1 clogg$1 #bia ,jo9ts1 univ]sal1 #ai1 #dj ,k ,k]os5e1 c be us$ = clean+ out ! sump1 #cg2 loos5s up grease & oil1 #bch2 = clean+ c>1 #bda2 = multiple disc clut*1 #caa ,kit1 fir/-aid1 #cb ,knock+1 ( eng9e1 #aih2 prev5t$ by removal ( c>bon1 #bdg2 too high compression1 #bea2 caus$ by cam-%aft ge>1 /ick+ exhau/ valves1 #beg2 /opp$ by increas+ size ( compression *amb]1 #beb2 _m causes =1 #bee2 "s ne$ imm$iate att5tion1 "s d n1 #bef2 loose connect+ rod be>+1 loose cyl9d]1 lack ( lubrication1 sp>k advanc$ too f>1 %ort circuit1 #bef2 n caus$ by lean mixture1 or ov]-advanc$ sp>k1 #beh2 caus$ by me*anical loos5ess due to improp] adju/m5t or we>1 #beh2 by faulty ignition1 #bei2 by faulty c>buretion1 #bfj2 by faulty lubrication1 #bfj2 by ov]heat+ ( eng9e1 #bfj2 by faulty compression1 #bfj ,knocks 9 ! *assis1 #bfb ,knuckle-p9s1 h[ kept 9 place & reliev$ ( weight1 #ajd2 incl9$ =e & aft1 #aje ,knuckles1 /e]+1 #ad1 #dj ,l ,lamps1 #aji1 #aaj ,leaks ( oil & gasol9e1 s\rces (1 #fe ,lev]1 sp>k tim+1 #ai2 em]g5cy brake1 #bj2 ?rottle1 #ai1 #bj1 #afa2 clut*1 lubrication (1 #da2 ge> %ift+1 #aei2 em]g5cy brake1 #aei2 sp>k control1 #afa1 #aih ,light+ swit*1 #bj1 #aji ,light+ sy/em1 rules = locat+ tr\bles 91 #cad ,lights dim1 :at makes !1 #bhc ,l9+s1 brake1 c be ru9$1 #ie2 oil on1 #if2 we> ?91 #ih2 :5 necess>y to replace1 #ih ,l9kage1 brake1 #ae1 #ig ,l9ks1 loose cross1 h[ to fa/51 #bga ,l9se$ oil1 use (1 9 clean+ c>1 #bda ,lubrication1 sy/ems1 #af2 :y ne$$1 #cc2 mo/ common sy/em1 #cd2 tr\bles1 #ce2 necessity ( frequ5t inspection1 #cf2 ne$$ 9 _m m9or places1 #ci2 /e]+ knuckles1 #dj2 univ]sal jo9t1 #dj2 clut* & brake lev]s1 self-/>t] & accel]ator1 #da2 spr+ %ackles1 #db2 :eel be>+s1 #dc2 spr+ leaves1 valve pu%-rod guides1 ov]head valves1 #dd2 ( brakes important1 #ig2 sy/em h[ made & suppli$1 its c>e1 #afd2 9 cold wea!r1 #aie2 prop] oil necess>y1 #aie2 heavi] grease ne$$ 9 summ]1 #bjg2 inspect be=e t\r+1 #bdf2 "t table1 #cab ,lubricants1 poor1 cause knock+1 #bfj ,m ,magnetic field1 di/ortion (1 #aag ,magneto1 high-t5sion1 sy/ems1 #ae2 ignition1 #aaf2 manipulation ( sp>k lev] :5 us+1 #aih2 c\pl+ causes knock+1 #bei2 tr\ble1 in/ance (1 #bia2 rules = tim+1 #caj ,manifold1 intake1 #af2 leaky1 #fc2 loose1 #fd 8,me*anici50 ,fr5* t]m = driv] ( a c>1 #cba ,me*anics1 c>eless1 #bfi ,misfir+1 #fc ,mix+ *amb]1 #bc ,mixture1 #ag2 ri* & lean1 #ba2 prop]1 #ef2 ?91 #fc1 #ff2 weak1 #fd2 anti-freez+1 #afd1 #afe2 w>m+ device1 necess>y 9 w9t]1 #ahf2 too ri* or too lean calls att5tion to o!r p>ts :i* are caus+ knock+1 #beh ,motor1 see ,eng9e ,motor1 />t+1 see ,self-/>t] ,motori/1 abs5t-m9d$ness 9--bad habit1 #bhe1 #bhf1 #bhg ,motor+1 future (1 dep5ds ^u behavior ( motori/s t[>d ! public1 #cbj 8,motorman0 be/ t]m = driv] ( an automobile1 #cba ,mud1 dri$1 h[ to remove f c>1 #bda ,muffl]1 purpose (1 #ae2 (t5 neglect$ or misus$1 #adc2 its uses1 & advantages1 #adc1 #add2 orig9al object ( ! cut-out1 #add2 cut-out n[ prohibit$ & unnecess>y1 #ade2 ne$s c>eful att5tion1 #ade2 clogg+ prev5ts escape ( gases1 & br+s loss ( p[]1 #ade1 #adf2 in/ance ( bad effect ( clogg+1 #adf2 usually no provision made = inspection1 #adg2 k]os5e clogs1 #adg2 special in=mation sometimes necess>y1 #adh ,multiple disc clut*1 #ah ,n ,neatsfoot oil = h>% gripp+ clut*1 #caj1 #caa1 #cab ,ne$le valve1 #eb1 #fc1 #bgf2 adju/ at l[ spe$1 #cji ,nitrog5 9 gasol9e fumes1 #bbd ,noise1 9 ! *assis1 #bfb2 f torque rod1 f worn brake rods1 f worn spr+-%ackle bolts1 #bfd2 f worn /e]+ knuckle-p9s1 #bfe2 f tools & accessories1 #bfe2 f brok5 ge> tee? & o!r p>ts1 #bfe ,non-skid1 tires1 #ha1 #hd1 #he2 *a9s1 #ha1 #hb2 devices1 :i* to use "u v>i\s conditions1 #he2 *a9s (t5 drop l9ks1 #bgj ,nuts1 tight5 be=e t\r+1 #bdh2 abs5ce (1 cause squeaks1 #bfi2 exam9ation (1 #bfi2 mu/ "k location (1 #bga ,o ,oil1 effect ( abs5ce (1 9 lubrication1 #cf2 ?+s :i* we> x out & make necess>y to replace1 #cf1 #cg2 h[ (t5 to dra9 out1 #cg2 ?+s :i* affect its lubricat+ value1 #cg2 9 ! combu/ion *amb]1 #dh2 h[ to prev5t1 #di2 wa/e (1 ?r\gh leakage1 #fe2 affects tires1 #gb1 #afe2 on ! brake l9+1 cause1 results1 h[ to prev5t1 #if2 exam9e supply (1 be=e leav+ g>age1 #aeg1 #cjh2 prop]1 necess>y = cold wea!r1 #aie2 take c> mak]'s advice1 #aif2 on fan belts1 #bjj2 remove f ext]ior ( eng9e1 #bch2 c>ry res]ve supply :5 t\r+1 #bdf2 lack (1 causes knock+1 #bfj2 excess (1 causes knock+1 #bfj2 necess>y to keep eng9e runn+1 #bgc ,oil fe$ sight1 #bj ,oil level1 h[ to correct :5 too high1 #di ,oil pump1 #cd1 #ce ,oil ! c>1 :5 to1 #caa1 #cab ,oil$ roads dang]\s1 #ij2 necess>y to take at l[ spe$1 #ib2 dur+ summ] season1 #bjg ,outlet valves1 #bb ,ov]heat+1 caus$ by s$im5t 9 radiator1 #aii2 r>ely caus$ by pump1 #bja2 caus$ by c>eless /ret*+ ( hose1 #bja2 caus$ by c>bon 9 eng9e1 #bjb ,ov]-inflation ( tire1 9 hot wea!r1 in/ance (1 #bjc2 makes rid+ uncom=table1 #baa ,own]1 orig9ality1 initiative1 & +5uity (1 important1 #i2 %\ld le>n h[ to d _m ?+s himself1 #bjb ,p ,pail1 fold+1 #bi ,p>ts dropp$ 9 /reets1 #bfh1 #bfi2 lo/1 puncture tires1 #bgj ,pass5g]s1 drive = ! com=t (1 #afi ,pass+ o!rs1 bl[+ horn :ile1 #big1 #bih ,p$als1 ge>-%ift+1 #bj2 />t+1 #bj1 #aeh1 #bhh2 brake1 #bj1 #aeh2 clut*1 #bj1 #aeh2 accel]ator1 #bj1 #afj1 #afh2 rev]se1 #ie ,p$e/rians h "r ( way ev]y:]e1 #bif 8,pep10 #ef ,petcocks1 #bgd ,p91 tie rod1 #bgj ,pipe1 exhau/1 #ae2 exhau/1 may set fire to c>1 #bae1 #baf2 atta* to exhau/ 9 g>age1 to lead fumes to out] air1 #bbg ,pipe l9es1 clogg$1 cause knock+1 #bfj ,pipes1 leaky supply1 #fe2 to prev5t bur/+ (1 #aic ,pi/on head1 hole pun*$ 91 by valve head1 #bgd ,pi/on r+s1 #af2 groov+ & drill+ to release surplus oil1 #di2 leaky1 #ec1 #ed2 to prev5t work+ ar\nd1 #fg2 loose1 cause knock+1 #bei2 c>bon 91 #bgb ,pi/ons1 #af2 too small1 cause knock+1 #bei ,pli]s1 c>ry :ile t\r+1 #bdi ,plug1 sp>k1 #ag2 cracks or porosity 91 #aai2 c>ry extra set :ile t\r+1 #bdi2 to te/ 9 case ( tr\ble1 #bgg ,policem51 don't run away f1 #aj ,p[]1 /roke1 #ag2 h[ connect$ to :eels1 #ah2 h[ secur$ 9 eng9e1 #bb2 necessity ( pressure to get1 #bb2 prop]1 f ea* cyl9d]1 #fa ,pre-ignition1 caus$ by increase ( pressure 9 combu/ion *amb]1 #beb2 causes knock+1 #bfj ,premium on fire insurance l[] :5 ext+ui%]s c>ri$1 #bah ,pressure1 necessity (1 = p[]1 #bb2 on tires increases 9 hot wea!r1 #bjd2 on tires te/ = increase 91 9 hot wea!r1 #baj2 prop] = tires1 #baa1 #bab2 9 combu/ion *amb]1 #bea ,pressure fuel sy/em1 #af1 #afc ,prim+1 h[ done1 #afc2 9 cold wea!r1 #aid ,propell]-%aft be>+s1 #aed ,pump1 oil1 #cd1 #ce2 ov]heat+ r>ely caus$ by1 #bjj2 p>ts (1 cause knock+1 #bfj ,pump type ( cool+ sy/em1 #ae ,puncture caus$ by lo/ p>ts1 #bgj ,pu%-rod adju/m5t causes knock+1 #bei ,pu%-rods1 cle>ance betwe5 valve /ems &1 causes tr\ble1 #bij ,r ,radiator1 location (1 #ae2 exam9e1 be=e leav+ g>age1 #aeg2 s$im5t 91 #afd1 #aii2 to rem$y dis*>ge ( /eam f1 #afe2 adju/able device to regulate admittance ( air1 #ahi2 cov]s1 #ahi1 #aie2 cov] p>tly or :olly 9 cold wea!r1 #ahh1 #ahi2 if cov]$1 improv$ effici5cy ( eng9e1 #aij2 bur/+ (1 to prev5t1 #aic2 wat] boil+ 91 #aih2 clogg$1 causes knock+1 #bfj ,radius rods1 #ac ,railway cross+s1 extra c>e necess>y1 #ahj ,rattles1 causes (1 #bfi ,rev]se ! c>1 h[ to1 #afi ,rev]se p$al1 use (1 z a brake1 #ie ,rev]s+1 %ift+ ( ge>s 91 #acf ,r+s1 pi/on1 #af1 #di1 #ec1 #ed1 #fg ,rivets ( brake l9+1 #ih ,road rules1 ( ,y4 ,m4 ,c4 ,a41 #aef2 local1 mu/ be obey$1 #agc ,roads1 oil$1 dang]\s1 #ij2 necess>y to take at l[ spe$1 #ib2 g5]ally spr9kl$ or oil$ dur+ summ] season1 #bjg ,roads1 signs along1 importance (1 #ij2 p>ts f\nd along1 #bfi ,roadway1 cr[n ( !1 causes slipp+1 #hg1 #ij ,rod1 radius1 #ac2 torque1 #ac1 #bfd2 tie1 #ad1 #aja1 #ajf1 #ajg2 connect+1 #ag1 #fh ,rot>y motion1 h[ obta9$1 #ag ,rubb] hose decompos$ by glyc]9 9 freeze-pro( solution1 #aib ,rules1 importance ( foll[+1 #h1 #i1 #aj2 miscellane\s1 #cjh ,runn+ brake1 #aeh ,s ,safety devices1 be/ necess>y1 #hi ,salt 9 freeze-pro( solution1 #aib ,s*ools1 automobile1 manufactur]s' = pur*as]s1 #c1 #g2 dang] ( be+ taught at ineffici5t or fraudul5t in/itutions1 #cbd ,screws1 abs5ce (1 causes squeaks1 #bfi ,second>y curr5t absorb$ by c>bon1 #aai ,s$im5t1 9 batt]y caus+ %ort-circuit1 #abf2 9 radiator1 #afd1 #aii ,self-/>t]1 p$al1 #bj2 lubrication (1 #da2 types (1 #abh2 be>+s1 #aec ,s]vice /ations1 #g ,%aft1 crank1 #ag2 drive1 #ai2 re>1 9 driv+ causes click1 #bfb ,%ift+ ge>s1 #acc2 on hills1 #bbi2 on an up grade1 #bca2 />t+ uphill1 #bca2 *oice ( ge>s1 #bcb2 avoid /ra9+ c>1 #bcb1 #bcc2 desc5d+ hills1 #bcc1 #bcd ,%ort circuit+1 causes fires1 #bag2 causes knock+1 #bei ,%ut-(f valve1 #bge ,sight oil fe$1 #bj ,signs along ! road1 importance (1 #ij ,skidd+1 #gf2 effects (1 on c>1 #gg2 9 w9t]1 #gg2 turn+ corn]s1 #gh2 re> :eel1 h[ to /op1 #gi2 /reet-c> tracks1 #hj2 unev5 brakes1 #hf1 #hh2 unequal di/ribution ( weight1 #ha2 be/ prev5t$ by c>e1 #hb1 #hc2 due mo/ly to excessive spe$1 #hf2 caus$ by cr[n ( road1 #hg2 by turn+ corn]s at high spe$1 by %>p turn ( /e]+-:eel1 #hg2 /opp$ by turn+ /e]+-:eel1 #hh ,skipp+ sometimes ov]come by enri*+ ! mixture1 #aij ,smoke1 its s\rces1 #df2 rem$ies1 #dg1 #dh1 #di2 h[ to tell f :at x comes1 #ej2 black1 #fh ,soap1 n to be us$ on poli%$ surfaces ( c>1 #bda ,sp>k1 #ag2 :y advanc$ & ret>d$ & h[1 #bc2 int5sity (1 increas$ by gap 9 second>y circuit1 #aab2 has m kick1 #aaf2 v weak1 p]haps caus$ by cond5s]1 #aba2 use (1 9 hill-climb+1 #aga2 ret>d$1 uses unnecess>y gasol9e1 & ov]heats eng9e1 #aih2 greatly ret>d$ indirectly causes fires1 #baf2 ret>d to prev5t knock+ on hills1 #bca2 ov] advanc$ does n cause knock+1 #beh2 too late causes knock+1 #bei2 at "r "t1 necess>y to />t eng9e1 #bgc2 te/ = 9 case ( tr\ble1 #bgf2 fully ret>d$1 #cjh2 advance two-?irds1 #cji ,sp>k-control be>+s1 #aec ,sp>k lev]1 #ai1 #afa1 #aih ,sp>k plugs1 #ag2 wid5+ gaps (1 to prev5t eng9e miss+1 #aag2 insulat+ surface inside cyl9d]1 #aah2 cracks 91 insulation1 #aai2 te/+ (1 #abj2 %ort-circuit$ by c>bon1 #abj2 keep free f oil & grease1 #bch2 c>ry :5 t\r+1 #bdi2 po9ts (1 cause knock+1 #bei1 #bfj2 c>bon betwe5 po9ts (1 #bgb2 h[ to te/ 9 case ( tr\ble1 #bgg ,sp>k+ at commutator1 #bhc ,sp>ks f commutators cause fires1 #bba ,spe$1 h[ to %ift ge>s 9 increas+ or decreas+1 #acc1 #acd1 #ace2 ( eng9e1 le>n to judge by s\nd1 #afg2 runn+ at extreme1 cause ( fires1 #bae ,spe$s1 numb] (1 9 ge>s1 #ah ,sp9dles1 #ad ,spla% lubrication1 #af2 pan1 #cd ,sponge1 use (1 9 clean+ c>1 #bdj ,spray nozzle1 #bge ,spray valve1 #fc ,spr+ leaves1 lubrication (1 #dd ,spr+ repair atta*m5ts1 #bdh ,spr+-%ackle bolts sometimes make noise1 #bfd ,spr+ %ackles1 lubrication (1 #db ,spr+s1 exam9e be=e t\r+1 #bdh ,squeaks1 causes (1 #bfi ,/all+ eng9e1 h[ caus$1 #afg2 :at to d1 on a hill1 #agb ,/>t]1 swit*1 tr\ble 91 #bhj2 a great conv5i5ce1 b a s\rce ( tr\ble1 #bha1 #bhb2 p$al /ick+1 in/ance (1 #bhh2 makes automobile available to wom51 #cjb ,/>t+1 motor1 #af2 p$al1 #bj1 #aeh2 sy/ems1 types1 #abh2 crank1 #aeg2 eng9e1 ?ree ?+s necess>y1 #bgc ,/eam1 f exhau/ 9 cold wea!r1 #ej2 to rem$y dis*>ge f radiator1 #afe ,/e]+1 ( automobile comp>$ ) /e]+ ( diff]5t type ( boats1 #ajb2 ) brok5 tie rod1 #ajf1 #ajg ,/e]+ ge>1 out ( true1 #ga2 be>+s1 #aed ,/e]+ knuckles1 #ad2 lubrication 91 #dj ,/e]+-%aft1 worm on1 #ai ,/e]+ tie rod1 #aja ,/e]+ :eel1 #ai1 #afb ,/op1 h[ to1 #afh ,/orage batt]y1 #ae ,/ove1 suppli$ by _m manufactur]s to heat air be=e x ent]s c>buretor1 #ahg2 may be disp5s$ ) 9 hot wea!r1 #bjf ,/ra91 h[ tak5 (f knuckle p9s1 #ajd ,/reets1 h[ to turn 9 n>r[1 #afi2 driv+ 9 conge/$1 #agc ,/rokes1 suction1 compression1 p[]1 & exhau/1 #ag ,suburbs ( any city1 ! place = automobil+1 #cjc ,suction /roke ( eng9e1 #ag ,sump1 #cd ,supply pipes1 leaky1 #fe ,swit*1 light+1 #bj1 #aji2 ignition1 #bj1 #afb2 self-/>t]1 tr\ble 91 #bhj2 ?r[n to batt]y position1 #cjh ,sy/em1 importance (1 9 locat+ tr\ble1 #i2 a process ( elim9ation1 #bgc ,sy/ems1 cool+1 k9ds1 #ae2 ignition1 k9ds1 #ae2 lubrication1 k9ds1 #af2 fuel supply1 k9ds1 #af1 #afc ,t ,talc ,fr5*1 = slipp+ clut*1 #caj ,tank1 fuel supply1 #af2 gasol9e1 #afb2 wat]1 #afd ,tape1 tire1 c>ry1 :ile t\r+1 #bdi ,temp]ature1 high1 to ! boil+ po9t ( wat]1 b = effici5cy ( eng9e1 #ahi ,t]m9als1 electric1 te/+ (1 #aji ,te/s = electrical tr\bles1 examples (1 #aji ,!rmo-syphon type ( cool+ sy/em1 #ae ,?+s to d1 f\r be=e leav+ g>age1 #cjh2 five1 be=e crank+ eng9e1 #cjh2 ?ree aft] crank+1 #cji ,?rottle1 purpose1 #bc2 use (1 9 hill-climb+1 #aga2 op51 9 />t+1 #cjh2 close1 till eng9e idles1 #cji ,?rottle be>+s1 #aec ,?rottle lev]1 its use1 :]e plac$1 h[ op]at$1 #ai1 #bj1 #afa ,tie rod1 mu/ n be b5t1 #ad1 #aja2 brok51 #ajf1 #ajg ,tie rod p91 #bgj ,tim+1 correct1 #bd ,tim+ ge>s1 to adju/1 #cji ,tim+ ge> tee? cause knock+1 #bei ,tim+1 ignition1 wrong1 causes knock+1 #bfj ,tire pressure1 te/s ( increase due to runn+ 9 hot wea!r1 #baj ,tire repair mat]ials1 c>ry1 :ile t\r+1 #bdi ,tire-valve tool1 #cj ,tires1 purpose & location1 #ai2 abuse (1 #ei1 #fj2 det]ioration (1 #fi2 cuts 91 #gj2 affect$ by /e]+ ge>1 #ga2 by clut*1 #ga2 by brakes1 #gb2 by oil1 grease1 gasol9e1 & wet wea!r1 #gb2 g5]al co/ (1 #gc2 /or+1 9 w9t]1 #gd2 porosity (1 #ge2 keep clean1 #ge2 non-skid1 #ha1 #hd1 #he1 #hf2 exam9e1 be=e leav+ g>age1 #aeg2 h[ to c>e =1 #afe2 exp& 9 hot wea!r1 #bjd2 pressure te/ (1 aft] hot wea!r runn+1 #bje2 "u-inflation & ov]-inflation1 #bje2 inflat$ too h>d make rid+ uncom=table1 #baa2 weak5$ f any cause bl[-out quick]1 #baa2 prop] pressure =1 #baa1 #bab2 extra1 c>ry on c>1 #bdi2 puncture caus$ by lo/ p>ts1 #bgj ,tool = tire valves1 #cj ,tools1 furni%$ ) c>1 #bf2 = em]g5cies1 #bg2 too _m bett] ?an too few1 #bg2 additional1 desirable1 #bh2 to be c>ri$ on c>1 #aeg ,tops1 h[ to clean & c>e =1 #bdb ,torque rod1 #ac2 causes knocks1 #bfd ,t\r+1 :at to d be=e1 #bdd2 refill ge> case1 #bde2 exam9e ge>s1 #bde2 dra91 clean1 & refill crank case1 #bde2 att5d to lubrication1 #bdf2 c>ry extra oil1 grease & gasol9e on c>1 #bdf2 exam9e brakes1 #bdf2 keep brake drums free f oil1 #bdg2 h c>bon remov$1 #bdg2 tight5 nuts & inspect all p>ts1 #bdh2 te/ compression1 gr9d 9 valves1 inspect ignition sy/em1 re*>ge batt]y1 dry cells %\ld be c>ri$1 exam9e spr+s1 #bdh2 ?+s :i* %\ld be c>ri$1 #bdi ,t[ rope1 #ca2 fa/5$ to po/ & re> :eel1 #hf2 c>ry :ile t\r+1 #bdi ,traffic1 driv+ 91 #agc2 rules give p$e/rian "r ( way1 #bif2 rules %\ld be taught by auto s*ools1 #cbe ,transmission1 #acj2 rules = c>e (1 #caa ,transmission ge> be>+s1 #aed ,trolley cross+s1 extra c>e necess>y1 #ahb ,tr\ble1 hunt+ mu/ be sy/ematic1 #bgb2 a process ( elim9ation1 #bgc2 ! fir/ ?+ to d1 #bgc2 indications :5 eng9e turns ov] easily or h>d1 #bgc2 compression te/s1 #bgc1 #bgd2 exhau/ valves1 #bgd2 inlet valve1 #bgd2 inspect gasol9e1 #bge2 inspect c>buretor1 #bge2 inspect ignition sy/em1 #bgf2 #bgg1 #cad2 *>t1 ,y4 ,m4 ,c4 ,a41 #bgi2 9 ! self-/>t] swit*1 #bhj2 caus$ by add$ conv5i5ces1 #bhj1 #bha2 necess>y to almo/ dismantle complex types ( eng9es1 #bha2 made by />t]1 #bha1 #bhb2 made by electric lights & accessories1 #bhb2 by complicat$ electric sy/ems & wir+1 #bhb1 #bhc1 #bhd ,tubes1 h[ to keep1 #gc2 c>ry extra :ile t\r+1 #bdi ,turn buckle1 #ad ,turn1 9 n>r[ /reets1 h[ to1 #afi2 corn]s1 h[ to1 #agj ,turn+1 bl[+ horn :51 #big ,u ,univ]sal jo9ts1 #ai1 #dj ,uphol/]y1 protect ) slip cov]s1 #bdc ,v ,vacuum fuel supply1 #af1 #afd ,valve head1 pun*es hole 9 pi/on head1 #bgd ,valve pu%-rod guides enclos$ 9 h\s+s1 #dd2 lubrication (1 #dd ,valve-/ems1 cle>ance betwe5 pu% rods &1 causes tr\ble1 #bij ,valve1 ne$le1 #eb1 #fc1 #bgf1 #cji2 spray1 #fc2 /ick+ causes knock+1 #bei2 auxili>y air1 #bge1 #cji2 %ut (f1 #bge ,valves inlet1 #ag1 #bb2 outlet1 #bb2 ov]head1 lubrication (1 #dd2 leaky1 #ed1 #ff2 c>boniz$1 #fg1 #bgb1 #bgd2 exhau/1 #beg2 inlet1 #bgd ,vaporization ( gasol9e absorbs mu* heat1 #ahg2 be/ 9 cold wea!r :5 /ove & wat] jacket are bo? us$1 #ahh ,velocip$e1 sett+ ( :eel comp>$ ) automobile1 #aje ,vibration1 effects (1 #fe ,voltmet]1 #aji ,w ,wa%]s1 supply to all nuts be=e t\r+1 #bdh2 abs5ce (1 causes squeaks1 #bfi2 lock1 #bgj ,wa%+ automobile1 :at to use1 h[ to d x1 #age ,wa/e1 c>ry on c>1 #cj2 pack$ ar\nd batt]y has caus$ fires1 #bag ,wat]1 9 cyl9d] & crank case1 #fh2 :]e plac$1 its c>e1 #afd2 boil+ 9 radiator1 #aih2 evaporates f batt]y quick] 9 hot wea!r1 #bjf2 ( no use 9 fight+ gasol9e fires1 #bbb2 runn+1 %\ld be us$ 9 clean+ c> :5ev] possible1 #bdb2 ne$$1 #bgc2 take on be=e leav+ g>age1 #cjh ,wat] jacket1 on mix+ *amb] ( gasol9e1 #ahg2 to prev5t bur/+ 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