,transcrib]'s ,notes3 ,und]scores 80 be=e & aft] a ^w or phrase indicate italics 9 ! orig9al text4 ,small capitals h be5 conv]t$ to ,,solid capitals4 ,illu/rations h be5 mov$ s !y d n break up p>agraphs4 ,typographical & punctuation errors h be5 sil5tly correct$4 ,,practical ,,f>m ,,build+s ,,plans ,,& ,,sugge/ions ,,by ,a4 ,f4 ,,hunt] ,illu/ration ,,publi%$ ,,by ,f4 ,w4 ,,bird ,,son ,e/abli%$ #ahag ,mills & ,ma9 ,(fice ,,ea/ ,,walpole1 ,,mass41 ,u4,s4,a4 ,bran* ,(fices ,,new ,,york ,,*icago ,,wa%+ton ,,hamilton1 ,,ont4 ,canadian ,factory at ,,w9nipeg1 ,,man4 ,,hamilton1 ,,ont4 ,,copyright1 #aije1 ,f4 ,w4 ,,bird ,,son1 ,,ea/ ,,walpole1 ,,mass4 ,a ,,=eword ,! v cordial appreciation :i* has met ! fir/ edition ( our book1 8,practical ,f>m ,build+s10 makes x seem wise to prep>e a l>g] & m complete book1 & we hope y w f9d "s ( ^! plans & sugge/ions adapt$ = y\r own p>ticul> requirem5ts4 ,f>m-build+ plans are z v>iable1 almo/1 z is ! individuality ( ^? build+ & us+ !m1 & 9 mak+ ?is selection1 we h be5 guid$ by ! practical m]its ( ! designs1 includ+ only su* z h prov$ _! value by con/ant use on ! f>m4 ,9 p\ltry build+s x has be5 our special purpose to pres5t plans :i* illu/rate ! m>k$ t5d5cy ( rec5t ye>s1 :i* has be5 to op5 up ! h\ses to sun%9e & fre% air2 a t5d5cy :i* makes conditions m :olesome & promotes ! good heal? & great] pr(itabl5ess ( ! flocks4 ,our editor1 ,mr4 ,hunt]1 wi%es "h to fully ackn[l$ge 8 indebt$ness to ,bullet9 ,no4 #af ( ! ,cornell ,read+ ,c\rse = ,f>m]s1 entitl$1 8,build+ ,p\ltry ,h\ses10 also ,f>m]s' ,bullet9 ,no4 #ada ( ! ,u4 ,s4 ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture1 entitl$1 8,p\ltry ,rais+ on ! ,f>m10 f :i* he borr[s _m ( ! h9ts & sugge/ions "h giv54 ,"s ( ! p\ltry plans are tak51 or adapt$1 f sev]al p\ltry p]iodicals & ,exp]im5t ,/ation ,bullet9s1 & = _! k9d c\rtesy our ?anks are t5d]$4 ,f4 ,w4 ,,bird ,,son4 ,,ea/ ,,walpole1 ,,mass41 ,u4 ,s4 ,a4 ,,practical ,,f>m ,,build+s #a4 ,,p\ltry ,,h\ses ,f>m]s' ,bullet91 ,no4 #ada1 says3 8,p\ltry h\ses ne$ n be elaborate 9 _! fitt+s or exp5sive 9 con/ruction4 ,!re are c]ta9 conditions1 h[ev]1 :i* %\ld be insi/$ ^u 9 all cases4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! h\se %\ld be locat$ ^u soil :i* is well dra9$ & dry4 ,a gravelly knoll is be/1 b1 fail+ ?is1 ! site %\ld be rais$ by ! use ( ! pl[ & scrap] until !re is a g5tle slope 9 all directions suffici5t to prev5t any /&+ wat] ev5 at ! wette/ times4 ,a few in*es ( s& or gravel on ! surface w be v useful 9 prev5t+ ! =mation ( mud4 ,if ! h\se is %elt]$ f ! nor? & nor?we/ w9ds by a gr\p ( ev]gre5s1 ?is w be a decid$ advantage 9 ! cold] p>ts ( ! c\ntry40 ,9 8,build+ ,p\ltry ,h\ses10 ,pr(essor ,rice says3 8,p\ltry keep+ is an exact+ bus9ess4 ,! f\r corn]-/ones ^u :i* success re/s are3 7#a7 ,suitable build+s1 prop]ly locat$4 7#b7 ,! "r foods1 skilfully f$4 7#c7 ,good f[ls1 c>efully br$4 7#d7 ,facility & ability to hat* & re> *ick5s40 ,"h we f9d t 8suitable build+s1 prop]ly locat$10 is ! fir/1 h5ce mo/ important1 ( ! f\r corn]-/ones ^u :i* success ) p\ltry re/s1 & 9 giv+ ! build+s ?is prom95ce we believe ! pr(essor is entirely "r4 ,no "o ?+ does m to promote1 or h9d]1 success ) p\ltry ?an ! build+s1 h5ce ! importance ( a wise decision z to :i* ( ! _m diff]5t patt]ns ( h\ses is be/ adapt$ to y\r purpose4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a--;,a plan to secure dryness4 ,select a dry location2 if ! gr\nd is n naturally dry make x s by dra9+ x4 ,! fir/ illu/ration gives a plan = mak+ ! int]ior ( a p\ltry h\se absolutely dry1 if ! gr\nd is fairly well dra9$4 ,! f\ndation walls are built up ab\t eighte5 in*es above ! gr\nd level2 ab\t twelve in*es ( ?is space is fill$ 9 ) small /ones or co>se gravel1 & ! balance ) f9e s& or dry1 s&y loam2 on ! outside ! gr\nd is slop$ up to ! level ( ! bottom ( ! sills1 & ?us all surface wat] is effectually turn$ away4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #b--,! %ape ( ! ro( influ5ces ! co/4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #c--;,ea* ( ^! h\ses require ! same mat]ial4 ,9 build+ a h5-h\se ! work+ unit is ! floor & air space requir$ = ea* h54 ,a safe work+ rule is ab\t five to six squ>e feet ( floor space1 & ab\t eight to t5 cubic feet ( air space = e f[l4 ,f\ndation walls %\ld be built deep en\gh to prev5t heav+ by ! fro/ & high en\gh to prev5t surface wat] f ent]+4 ,:]e l>ge /ones are sc>ce sometimes gr\t walls may be made ) gravel or small /ones & cem5t2 or ! build+ may be set ^u po/s set well into ! gr\nd1 9 :i* case hemlock or h>d wood bo>ds %\ld be securely nail$ to bottom half ( sills & ext5d d[n to natural gr\nd level1 to exclude rats4 ,dampness is fatal to h5s2 build or dra9 s z to secure dryness4 ,x is bett] by f> to h a cold1 dry h\se ?an a w>m1 damp h\se4 ,! w>m] ! air ! m moi/ure x w hold2 :5 ?is moi/ air comes 9 contact ) a cold surface cond5sation takes place1 :i* is (t5 conv]t$ into ho>-fro/4 ,! rem$y is to remove ! moi/ure z f> z possible1 by fir/ cutt+ (f ! wat] f bel[ :i* comes up f ! soil4 ,! wat] table is ! same "u a h5-h\se z x is outdoors2 dirt floors1 !re=e1 are liable to be damp4 ,/one fill+ cov]$ ) soil is sometimes difficult to keep clean & may only p>tially keep out dampness4 ,bo>d floors are %ort liv$ if ! air is n all[$ to circulate "u !m1 & 9 a cold climate a free circulation ( air "u ! floors makes !m v cold2 9 ei!r case !y are likely to h>bor rats4 ,a good cem5t floor is ne>ly z *eap z a good mat*$-bo>d floor1 c\nt+ lumb]1 sleep]s1 nails1 "t1 etc4 ,:5 once prop]ly made x is good = all "t4 ,x is practically rat-pro(1 easily clean$ & p]fectly dry1 cutt+ (f absolutely all ! wat] f bel[4 ,if cov]$ ) a little soil1 or /raw1 or bo?1 z all floors %\ld be1 x w be a w>m floor4 ,a l[ h\se is easi] w>m$ ?an a high "o4 ,solid walls radiate heat rapidly4 ,! be/ way to make a p\ltry h\se w>m is to build x z l[ z possible )\t dang] ( bump+ heads4 ,!re w !n be ample air-space = z _m f[ls z ! floor space w accommodate4 ,too mu* air-space makes a h\se cold2 x _c be w>m$ by ! heat giv5 (f by ! f[ls4 ,sunlight is a necessity to f[ls2 x c>ries w>m? & good *e]1 & t5ds to arre/ or prev5t disease4 ,too mu* glass makes a h\se too cold at night & too w>m 9 ! daytime1 because glass gives (f heat at night z readily z x collects x 9 ! daytime4 ,mu* glass makes con/ruction exp5sive2 all[ "o squ>e foot glass surface to ab\t sixte5 squ>e feet floor space1 if ! w9d[s are prop]ly plac$4 ,! w9d[s %\ld be high1 & plac$ up & d[n1 n horizontally & l[ 7,fig4 #d74 ,9 ! =m] ! sunlight passes ov] ! entire floor dur+ ! day1 f we/ to ea/1 dry+ & purify+ practically ! :ole int]ior4 ,! "t sun%9e is mo/ ne$$ is :5 ! sun is l[e/1 f ,septemb] #ba to ,m>* #ba4 ,! l9es 9 ,fig4 #d repres5t ! extreme po9ts :i* ! sun%9e rea*es dur+ ?is p]iod1 ) ! top ( a f\r-foot w9d[ plac$ f\r feet1 six feet1 & sev5 feet high1 respectively4 ,) ! highe/ po9t ( ! w9d[ at f\r feet1 ! direct sun's rays w\ld nev] rea* f>!r back ?an n9e feet2 at six feet x w\ld %9e ?irte5 & "o-half feet back1 & at sev5 feet x w\ld /rike ! back side ( ! h\se "o foot above ! floor4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #d--,%[+ ext5t ( sun's rays4 ,make ! y>ds long & n>r[ 7,fig4 #e74 ,d\ble y>ds are desirable :]e space c be giv5 = !m2 !y all[ a rotation ( gre5 crops1 :i* cleanses & sweet5s ! gr\nd1 & conv]ts ! excrem5t :i* w\ld become a s\rce ( dang] into a valuable food crop4 ,! %ape ( ! fields1 ! slope ( ! l&1 & ! location ( o!r f>m build+s w h mu* to d ) ! %ape ( ! y>ds & mode ( access to ! p\ltry build+s4 ,g5]ally ! y>ds %\ld be long & n>r[1 s z to make cultivation easy4 ,two rods wide & eight rods long is a good size y>d = =ty or fifty h5s1 al?\gh m room w\ld be bett]4 ,?is size p]mits a r[ ( fruit trees 9 ! c5t] = %ade1 :i* is a necessity4 ,mu* ( ! dampness 9 p\ltry h\ses 9 w9t] is due to ! cond5sation ( ! brea? ( ! f[ls4 ,! w>m air exhal$ f ! lungs is heavily *>g$ ) moi/ure1 & ?is1 com+ 9 contact ) ! cold ro( & walls1 is cond5s$ into ho>-fro/1 :i* melts & drops to ! floor :5 ! h\se is w>m$ up by ! sun4 ,9 rec5t ye>s consid]able success has att5d$ ef=ts made to prev5t ?is moi/ure by v5tilat+ ! p5s ?r\gh musl9 curta9s set into ! tops ( doors1 or =m+ a "p ( ! front wall 7see plans ( ,dr4 ,bricault's p\ltry h\se1 page #ab1 & ( ! ,ma9e ,exp]im5t ,/ation ,h\se1 page #ah71 also by sett+ ! curta9s into "p ( ! w9d[ spaces4 ,9 ,fig4 #f is giv5 an illu/ration ( an exp]im5t tri$ on ! ,lone ,oak ,p\ltry ,f>m1 ,read+1 ,mass41 9 ! w9t]s ( #aijd-f4 ,be+ mu* annoy$ by ! moi/ure :i* collect$ on ! ro( & walls 9 ! night &1 melt+1 dropp$ to ! floor :5 ! sun w>m$ ! ro( & walls dur+ ! day1 frames ! size ( "o f\r? ( ea* w9d[ 7 made & common musl9 tack$ on4 ,to bett] asc]ta9 ! effect ( ! curta9s ! w9d[s 9 h\se ,no4 #a 7 left clos$1 z =m]ly2 9 h\se ,no4 #b ! top sa% 0 dropp$ ! l5g? ( "o light & a curta9 set into ! space2 9 h\se ,no4 #c ! w9d[s 7 dropp$ f ! top & rais$ f ! bottom1 curta9s be+ set into bo? spaces4 ,9 h\se ,no4 #a ! dampness & 8*ill0 rema9$ z be=e2 9 h\se ,no4 #b !re 0 "s improvem5t2 9 h\se ,no4 #c !re 0 a great improvem5t1 & ! temp]ature1 9 ! colde/ days ( ! w9t]1 0 ab\t six degrees w>m] 9 h\se ,no4 #c ?an 9 h\se ,no4 #a :]e ! w9d[s 7 all kept clos$ tight4 ,! two curta9s1 mak+ half ! space ( ea* w9d[1 7 n q suffici5t to dry out ! moi/ure1 :i* _h already got well e/abli%$1 b by in/all+ ! curta9s bo? top & bottom z soon z ! wea!r dropp$ bel[ freez+ ! next fall1 !y 7 f\nd to be ample to keep ! p5s well v5tilat$ & q dry4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #e--,make ! y>ds long & n>r[4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #f--;,an exp]im5t ) curta9s 9 ! w9d[s4 ,secure %elt] & w>m? by build+ 9 ! lee ( a w9dbreak or a hill1 or ( o!r f>m build+s4 ,build+s t face ! s\?1 or ab\t two po9ts ea/ ( s\?1 w get ! l>ge/ am\nt ( exposure to ! sun's rays & protection f ! cold nor?we/ & we/ w9ds ( w9t]2 o!r ?+s be+ equal !y w be w>m]1 dry]1 & m *e]ful4 ,an ea/]n exposure is usually pref]able to a we/]n exposure1 b>r+ prevail+ w9ds be+ f ! ea/2 because1 l fl[]s1 h5s pref] morn+ to aft]noon sun4 ,! %ape ( ! ro( ( a p\ltry h\se greatly influ5ces ! co/1 &1 g5]ally speak+1 ! pref]5ce %\ld be = h\ses ) s+le-span 7or 8%$07 ro(s4 ,see ,figs4 #b & #c4 ,^! h\ses are ! easie/ & *eape/ to build1 !y give ! mu*-desir$ v]tical front1 ) room = ! w9d[s to be plac$ high to di/ribute ! w9t] sun%9e 7,fig4 #d71 & ) ! drip ( ! ro( all c>ri$ (f to ! nor? ! gr\nd 9 front ( ! h\se is dry4 ,x also is cool] 9 summ]1 z x is n expos$ to ! direct rays ( ! sun1 & is w>m] 9 w9t] because x gets ! direct rays ( ! sun4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #g--;,an implem5t h\se adapt$ = p\ltry4 ,n infrequ5tly !re are small build+s on ! place :i* c be easily & economically adapt$ to p\ltry use2 z1 = example1 an old implem5t h\se1 or gra9 h\se1 or tool %$1 :i* c be alt]$ into a "o or two p5-h\se1 z desir$1 by arrang+ w9d[s & doors & add+ "o or two op5-front scrat*+-%$s = ex]cise & fre% air 7,figs4 #g & #aj74 ,9 case !re is no build+ suitable = remodell+ into a p\ltry h\se an inexp5sive lean-to may be built onto ! s\? end ( ! /able 7,fig4 #i74 ,a h\se ( ?is k9d c be simply1 economically1 & conv5i5tly built1 & well supplies ! conditions = successful p\ltry keep+2 we rec5tly visit$ a dairy & p\ltry f>m 9 ,connecticut :]e h\se room = "o hundr$ & fifty head ( lay+-bre$+ /ock _h be5 built 9 ! lee ( & annex$ to ! dairy b>ns & %$s4 ,a good prep>$ ro(+1 su* z 8,p>oid10 makes q %all[ & l[ lean-to ro(s easy ( con/ruction1 bo? air & wat]-tight1 & v durable4 ,sometimes a dwell] 9 ! suburbs1 or "o liv+ on a small1 r5t$ place1 wants to keep a flock ( fifte5 or tw5ty head ( f[ls1 to supply ! family ) fre%-laid eggs dur+ ! fall1 w9t]1 & spr+1 & !n fre% p\ltry meat = ! table2 ^! are all dispos$ ( be=e ! family goes away to ! c\ntry or sea%ore = ! summ]1 & ano!r flock ( well-matur$ pullets is b\ght 9 ! fall4 ,= su* purpose ! small portable h\se %[n 9 ,fig4 #ab1 or "o ( ! sev]al patt]ns ( 8colony-h\ses0 giv5 h]e91 w s]ve excell5tly2 all ( ^! colony-h\ses are portable4 ,a good size ( h\se ( ?is k9d is t5 feet long by sev5 feet wide1 six feet high 9 front & f\r feet six in*es high at ! back2 or = a flock ( eight or t5 f[ls eight feet long by five or six feet wide w answ] well4 ,h\ses ( ?is type are built ( a size to suit ! build]1 & !y c be easily mov$ to a new location at any "t4 ,excell5t patt]ns ( small p\ltry h\ses1 well adapt$ to ! suburban lot or = mov+ out into ! or*>d on a f>m1 are %[n on pages #h & #i2 ^! 8colony0 h\ses h prov$ _! m]its 9 _m diff]5t localities4 ,!y are especially valuable on a f>m1 :]e x is desir$ to locate a flock ( half-gr[n *icks out 9 ! /ubble ( a newly-cut gra9 field1 or colonies ( *icks along ! bord] ( a cornfield1 or on a p\ltry f>m :]e extra room is ne$$ = surplus /ock & cock]els :i* are to be sold = bre$+ purposes4 ,a solid bo>d floor enables %utt+ ! birds 9 at night & keep+ !m 9 until ! team has drawn !m to ! new location 9 ! morn+2 x also secures ! birds aga9/ m>aud+ animals at night1 if ! slide door has be5 clos$4 ,= conv5i5ce ( draw+ to a new location x is be/ to h !m m\nt$ on l[ runn]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #h--;,gr\nd ,plan4 ,an excell5t plan ( colony-h\se is giv5 9 ,figs4 #ad & #ae1 & comes f ! ,connecticut ,exp]im5t ,/ation2 ?is comb9es ! advantages ( ! curta9$-front scrat*+-%$ ) t ( ! small colony-h\se4 ,?is h\se is sixte5 feet long by six feet wide1 is six feet high 9 front & f\r feet high at ! re>2 ! roo/+ ap>tm5t be+ #g #f feet & ! scrat*+-%$ #i #f feet 9 size4 ,a musl9 curta9 #d #h feet1 tack$ to a light frame :i* is h+$ to ! top ( op5 space1 closes ! front on cold nights & is kept clos$ 9 /ormy wea!r4 ,on page #ag we %[ a type ( colony-h\se :i* is well adapt$ = a portable brood] h\se1 an 89-door0 brood] be+ plac$ 9 ea* end & fifty to sev5ty-five *icks be+ put 9 ea* brood]4 ,:5 ! *icks are l>ge en\gh to d )\t artificial w>m? ! brood]s are remov$1 ! *icks be+ left till su* "t z x is well to sep>ate ! sexes1 :5 ! cock]els c be remov$ & ! pullets left to gr[ to lay+ maturity4 ,on page #db we %[ an illu/ration ( ?irty ( ?is patt]n ( colony brood] h\se 9 use on ! 8,g[ell ,p\ltry ,f>m10 ,orono1 ,ma9e2 a few ov] f\r ?\s& *ick5s 7 put into ^! ?irty portable h\ses 9 ! spr+ ( #aije1 n9ete5 hundr$ & eighty-five cock]els 7 sold (f z broil]s1 "s sixty m rais$ = bre$+ males1 & a few ov] two ?\s& mature pullets tak5 f !m 9 ,octob] & mov$ into ! #djj feet long p\ltry h\se :i* _h be5 erect$ dur+ ! summ]4 ,:5 ! pullets 7 occupy+ !m1 9 midsumm]1 !y 7 turn$ ab\t to face nor? & lift$ up to ab\t a foot & a half height above ! gr\nd by /ones ab\t a foot 9 height be+ put "u ! ends ( ! runn]s2 ?is gave ! pullets ! mu*-ne$$ %ade ( bo? ! inside & und]nea? ! h\se1 a simple device1 b decid$ly helpful4 ,9 ,fig4 #aa we %[ a type ( colony-h\se su* z us$ on ! l>ge colony p\ltry f>ms ab\t ,tiv]ton & ,little ,compton1 ,r4 ,i4 ,^! are usually ab\t t5 by sixte5 feet 9 size1 six feet high to ! eaves :5 built ) d\ble-pit* ro(1 sev5 feet high 9 front & five feet at back :5 %$ ro(4 ,^! h\ses are v simple 9 plan & con/ruction1 !re be+ ?ree roo/-poles ab\t ?ree feet above ! gr\nd at ! back1 five or six ne/ boxes1 food tr\gh1 wat] di% & hopp] = %ells & grit4 ,! h\ses hold ab\t =ty f[ls1 are plac$ ab\t a hundr$ & fifty to two hundr$ feet ap>t 9 locations conv5i5t to drive to ) ! fe$ & wat]-wagon1 & on "s ( ! l>ge f>ms z _m z fifty to a hundr$ ( ^! colony-h\ses may be se54 ,! capital ne$$ to equip a colony f>m ( ?is k9d is v mu* less ?an :]e long h\ses & y>ds are erect$2 ! labor *>ge ( c>+ = ! flocks is v mu* great]1 h[ev]1 s t :at is sav$ 9 capital is exp5d$ 9 labor4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #i--;,a lean-to p\ltry h\se4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aj--;,implem5t h\se ) scrat*+-%$ atta*$4 ,p\ltry f>m]s 9 ,am]ica h g5]ally pref]r$ ! cont9u\s-h\se plan ( keep+ f[ls1 & ! result+ poison$ gr\nd ( ! y>ds has no d\bt be5 ! cause ( _m a failure 9 ! p\ltry bus9ess4 ,an em95t ,engli% lectur] is au?ority = ! /atem5t t ! portable-h\se plan has be5 ! sav+ ( ! p\ltry bus9ess 9 ,engl&1 & br++ ! small 7portable7 h\ses toge!r ne> ! o!r small build+s 9 w9t]1 !n mov+ !m to conv5i5t locations out 9 ! fields 9 ! spr+1 has solv$ ! difficulty ( ext5sive p\ltry f>m+ ov] !re4 ,x w\ld be well to c>efully consid] ^! po9ts :ile tak+ up ! cont9u\s-h\se plans :i* we give 9 foll[+ pages4 ,an objection to ! scatt]$ 8colony-h\se0 plan1 z se5 on ! l>ge p\ltry f>ms 9 ,tiv]ton & ,little ,compton1 ,r4 ,i41 has be5 ! great labor ( fe$+ two or ?ree times a day--"o ( ! fe$s be+ a cook$ ma%4 ,by adopt+ ! mod]n me?od ( fe$+ ! food dry & keep+ a supply ( food con/antly be=e ! f[ls a consid]able sav+ 9 labor is effect$1 & x is practicable to successfully keep a l>ge numb] ) b "o visit a day to ! sev]al flocks2 ?is w\ld be an aft]noon visit1 = r9s+ & refill+ ! wat] f\nta9s & collect+ ! eggs4 ,by hav+ ! food-hopp]s suffici5tly capaci\s to hold a supply ( food = a week b "o visit a week w\ld be made = fill+ !m4 ,?is is ! me?od adopt$ on ! ,v]non ,fruit & ,p\ltry ,f>m1 ,v]non1 ,conn41 :]e "s ?ree ?\s& head ( lay]s are kept1 ! food-hopp]s be+ refill$ once a week2 z !re is a little brook & num]\s spr+s conv5i5t to ! h\ses no wat]+ :atev] is done1 ea* flock ( f[ls hav+ b fifty to two hundr$ feet to j\rney to f9d an abundant supply ( runn+ wat]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aa--,type ( h\se on ,rhode ,isl& colony p\ltry f>ms4 ,on ! ,g[ell ,p\ltry ,f>m1 ,orono1 ,ma9e1 !re is an excell5t example ( ! cont9u\s-h\se1 & by ! p>tial adoption ( ! dry-fe$+ me?od ! labor is s f> r$uc$ t "o man c d all ! "w ( fe$+ & c>+ = two ?\s& head ( lay]s1 kept 9 a h\se f\r hundr$ feet long by tw5ty feet wide1 :i* is divid$ into p5s tw5ty feet squ>e & "o hundr$ birds kept 9 ea*4 ,! d\ble-y>d sy/em is 9 use "h1 !re be+ "o ti] ( y>ds "o hundr$ feet long by tw5ty feet wide ext5d+ s\? f ! h\se1 & ano!r ti] ( y>ds ! same size nor? ( ! h\se2 :5 ! s\?-y>ds h be5 d5ud$ ( gre5 food ! birds are turn$ into ^? nor? ( ! h\se1 & ! s\?-y>ds are pl[$ & s[n 7or plant$7 to a quick-matur+ crop4 ,by ?is me?od poison$ gr\nd is avoid$ & ! conv5i5ces ( ! cont9u\s-h\se reta9$2 ! safety ( su* a plant w\ld lie1 ( c\rse1 9 ! intellig5t h&l+ ( ! "w4 ,x is wor?y ( note t on ! ,g[ell ,f>m ! portable colony-h\se me?od is 9 use 9 gr[+ ! "y /ock 7see page #db71 :ile ! cont9u\s-h\se me?od is us$ ) ! lay+-bre$+ /ock4 ,?is is true ( practically all ( ! l>ge p\ltry f>ms1 x be+ conc$$ t free range ov] f>m-fields1 or ?r\gh or*>d & woodl&1 promotes good gr[? 9 ! "y /ock4 ,:51 h[ev]1 x is desir$ to develop ! physical en]gies t[>ds egg-production ! semi-conf9em5t ( h\ses & y>ds is br\ght into play2 9 ?is mann] ! greate/ egg-yield1 & consequ5t pr(it is obta9$4 ,"h are ?ree diff]5t me?ods ( avoid+ ! evil ( gr\nd-poison+3 ,fir/1 ! cont9u\s-h\se ) d\ble-y>d sy/em1 "o set ( y>ds be+ us$ :ile ! o!r is be+ sweet5$ by a gr[+ crop2 second1 ! colony-h\se plan ) h\ses locat$ a hundr$ & fifty to two hundr$ feet ap>t & conv5i5t to drive to = fe$+ & wat]+2 ?ird1 ! 8portable-h\se0 plan1 :i* is ! colony me?od ) ! h\ses *ang$ f "o location to ano!r1 & br\ght toge!r ne> ! gr\p ( f>m build+s = ! w9t] mon?s4 ,conv5i5ce1 am\nt ( capital available1 & o!r consid]ations1 w influ5ce ! *oice ( a me?od4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ab--;,a small 8portable0 p\ltry h\se4 ,9 ,fig4 #ad we give an illu/ration ( an elevat$ p\ltry h\se us$ 9 ,florida1 :i* 0 publi%$ 9 ! 8,p\ltry ,/&>d10 ( ,/am=d1 ,conn41 & describ$ z made ( ,neponset ,r$ ,rope ,ro(+1 bo? top & sides2 a bett] con/ruction w\ld be ,p>oid ,ro(+ = ro( & sides1 or ,p>oid = ro( & ,neponset ,r$ ,rope ,ro(+ = ! ends & sides4 ,?is h\se is built ^u po/s set 9 ! gr\nd at ! back & six feet high 9 front2 ! six po/s1 ?ree front & ?ree back1 are all ! frame requir$4 ,! light furr+ to su/a9 ! ro( & sides is nail$ to ! po/s1 & ! ro(+ securely nail$ to ! /rips ( furr+4 ,! op5 space bel[ ! h\se is enclos$ by "o-in* me% wire nett+2 !re is no floor1 & a n>r[ plat=m along ! re>1 inside1 gives ! h5s access to ! ne/ boxes1 :i* are h+$ at "o end1 & sw+ out z %[n 9 ! draw+4 ,! roo/-poles %\ld be a foot above ! op5 bottom1 to be q %elt]$ f w9ds4 ,( simil> patt]n is ! 8,mu%room ,p\ltry ,h\se10 f ,s\!rn ,cali=nia4 ,^! h\ses may be built any size1 b are usually made f\r or five feet squ>e4 ,!y set up f ! gr\nd ab\t eighte5 in*es1 & ! clos$ sides are ?ree feet1 ! po/s be+ f\r & "o half above ! gr\nd4 ,!re is no floor us$1 ! air circulat+ freely b5ea?4 ,:5 built ( bo>ds no frame is ne$$1 ! bo>d+ be+ nail$ to ! po/s4 ,! ro( goes up f all f\r sides1 9 pyramid =m1 & is made wat]-tight4 ,! roo/s are plac$ ab\t fifte5 or eighte5 in*es above ! bottom1 z %[n by ! dott$ l9es1 & a walk or ladd] is provid$ :i* leads f ! gr\nd to ! re> roo/4 ,?is is made movable1 s t x c be tak5 d[n at night1 ?us protect+ ! f[ls f m>aud+ animals4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ac--;,a ,cali=nia 8,mu%room0 p\ltry h\se4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ad--;,a ,florida p\ltry h\se4 ,"s ( ! h\ses are built ( iron adv]tis+ signs1 & h ! common d\ble-pit* ro(2 9 "s cases ! sides are made ( burlap tack$ on to furr+1 :i* is nail$ to ! po/s4 ,?is burlap is !n pa9t$ ) crude oil1 di/illate1 & ,v5etian r$1 to make x w9d-pro(4 ,lumb] is v exp5sive 9 t section1 & ! burlap1 :5 wat]-pro($1 makes a *eap & q desirable h\se4 ,a mu* bett] w9d & wat]-tight con/ruction w\ld be ,p>oid = ! ro(1 & ,p>oid or ,neponset ,r$ ,rope ,ro(+ = ! sides4 ,,! ,,advantage ,,( ,,d\ble ,,y>ds ,:5 f[ls are kept 9 ! conf9em5t ( h\ses & y>ds an important "q is h[ to keep ! y>ds sweet4 ,! gr\nd becomes ta9t$ 9 a c\ple ( ye>s or s1 & !n is a fruitful s\rce ( disease4 ,unless grass c be kept gr[+ s z to keep ! gr\nd free f ! poison ( ! dropp+s !re is no alt]native b to *ange ! gr\nd4 ,x is well to h two runs1 us+ ea* alt]nately1 & by plant+ ! "o vacat$ ) "s quick-gr[+ crop x c be made ready = occupancy aga9 9 a few weeks4 ,an excell5t crop = ?is purpose is ,dw>f ,essex ,rape1 :i* makes "o ( ! be/ summ]-gre5 foods = f[ls conf9$ to h\ses & y>ds2 or su* g>d5 crops z squa%es1 melons1 etc41 c be gr[n4 ,aft] ^! rye or oats c be s[n1 to furni% gre5 food 9 ! fall4 ,x is a comp>atively simple proposition to h ! y>ds divid$ into two sections1 by sett+ ! h\se 9 ! middle1 hav+ half 7or two-fif?s or ?ree-fif?s7 ( ! l5g? ( y>ds nor? ( ! h\se2 ^! nor? y>ds be+ us$ ?ree or f\r mon?s 9 summ]1 a crop ( "s suitable k9d be+ gr[n 9 ! vacant y>ds s\? ( ! h\se 9 ! meantime4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ae--;,illu/rates d\ble y>ds = a cont9u\s p\ltry h\se4 ,9 ,fig4 #ag we give a plan = su* h\se & y>ds4 ,9 ?is plan we suppose ! y>ds to be "o hundr$ & tw5ty-five feet long by eighte5 wide1 & h plac$ fifty feet ( l5g? ( y>ds nor? ( ! h\se & sev5ty-five feet ( l5g? s\? ( x4 ,!re are lift-(f gates next to ! h\se 9 ! f5ce s\? ( ! h\se1 ! second gate 9 illu/ration be+ %[n z lift$ (f & lean+ aga9/ ! next panel ( f5ce4 ,^! gates give access to all ! y>ds1 = pl[+1 h>r[+1 & cultivat+ a crop2 also = driv+ up to ! front ( ! p5 ) a c>t to haul away ! f\l$ e>? ( ! floor ( ! h\se4 ,! usual access to ^! y>ds is ?r\gh ! h\se itself & a gate op5+ out ( ! scrat*+-%$2 = ord9>y visits to ! nor? y>ds !re are small1 sw++ gates next to ! h\se1 & !n lift-gates :i* w admit a team = pl[+1 etc4 ,!re %\ld be a r[ ( fruit trees set 9 ea* y>d1 to give ! ne$$ %ade1 & ! trees give ! own] a second s\rce ( pr(it4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #af--;,dr4 ,bricault's 8,new ,idea0 p\ltry h\se4 ,desir+ a p\ltry h\se :i* w\ld give clos$ p5s or c\ld be op5$ up to admit ! air & sun%9e at w1 ,dr4 ,c4 ,bricault1 ,&ov]1 ,mass41 adapt$ ! well-kn[n 8,dut* ,door0 to 8 purpose1 putt+ ! door 9 ! middle ( ! front ( ea* p51 & s arrang+ x t ! :ole door c\ld be op5 day & night1 9 w>m wea!r1 or ! l[] half ( ! door %ut & ! top half op51 or ! top half c\ld be clos$ by a curta9 9 q cold wea!r1 & 9 sev]e /orms ! :ole door clos$4 ,! size ( ! p5s are t5 by twelve feet1 ! frame & build+ plan be+ sub/antially ! same z 9 ! prec$+ h\se-plan1 ! doors 9 ! front ( ea* p>tition giv+ a passage ?r\gh ! entire l5g? ( ! h\se4 ,!re are two w9d[s 9 ! front ( ea* p52 ! roo/s are set up aga9/ ! p>titions betwe5 ! p5s1 & ! trap-ne/s are set on a plat=m aga9/ ! nor? wall4 ,! build+ is cov]$ ) a *eap %ea?+ pap]1 !n ) %ea?+ quilt1 !n ,neponset ,r$ ,rope ,ro(+2 a bett] con/ruction w\ld be ,p>oid ,ro(+ on ! ro( & ,neponset on ! sides4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ag--;,int]ior ( p54 ,fig4 #ag gives an int]ior view ( "o ( ! p5s %[+ roo/s & trap-ne/s4 ,a ,,p\ltry ,,h\se #bdj ,,feet ,,long ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ah--;,a long p\ltry h\se on ! ,:ite ,leghorn ,p\ltry ,y>ds1 ,wat]ville1 ,n4,y4 ,9 ,new ,york ,/ate x has be5 ?\ght desirable to h w>m h\ses = ! ,s+le ,comb ,:ite ,leghorns s l>gely kept !re1 & we give illu/rations ( "o ( ! long p\ltry h\ses ( ! ,:ite ,leghorn ,p\ltry ,y>ds1 ,wat]ville1 ,n4,y4 ,?is h\se is two hundr$ & =ty feet long by sixte5 feet wide1 divid$ into p5s twelve feet squ>e & a walk ?ree & a half feet wide along ! nor? side4 ,x has a floor ( sev5-eigh?s in* mat*$ bo>ds ?r\gh\t4 ,! outside walls are fir/ bo>d$1 !n cov]$ ) %ea?+ & clapbo>d$4 ,! inside ( ! build+ is bo>d$ up ) mat*$ bo>ds on ! inside ( ! /uds1 mak+ a f\r-in* dead air space betwe5 ! walls4 ,! ceil+s are made ( mat*$ bo>ds laid at ! level ( ! plates4 ,9 ?is ceil+1 ov] ! c5tre ( ea* p51 is a small trap door1 two feet squ>e1 op5+ up into ! attic space above1 :i* is design$ to give diffusive v5tilation4 ,?ree v5tilat+ cupolas cap ! ro(1 & !re are full-siz$ w9d[s 9 ea* gable end4 ,?is attic space is /orage room = /raw1 :i* is drawn ^u f "t to "t1 to furni% scrat*+ mat]ial = ! p5 floors & op5+ ! trap-door into ! ceil+1 x gives excell5t v5tilation )\t drafts4 ,a door op5s f ! alleyway into ea* p51 & doors 9 ! p>tition betwe5 ! p5s p]mit pass+ ?r\gh f p5 to p54 ,! roo/ plat=ms ) ne/ boxes b5ea? are aga9/ ! p>tition betwe5 ! walk & p5s & ! plan ( p>titions betwe5 p5s z %[n 9 ,fig4 #ai4 ,! ro( is cov]$ ) ,p>oid ,ro(+4 ,a fault "h is ! wire nett+ 9 ^! p>titions2 a bett] plan w\ld be mat*$-bo>d p>titions ?r\gh\t4 ,! twelve feet squ>e p5s h "o hundr$ & =ty-f\r squ>e feet ( floor space ea*1 giv+ ample room = tw5ty-five head ( lay]s1 & :ile a long h\se ( ?is description is some:at exp5sive to build1 x has _m advantages1 :i*1 on a l>ge & p]man5t p\ltry plant1 w m ?an make up = ! fir/ co/ 9 ! ease & economy ( fe$+1 etc41 & ! w>m? ( ! h\se & ! simplicity ( ! v5tilation4 ,?is /yle ( p\ltry h\se has be5 9 use on ! ,:ite ,leghorn f>m = sev]al ye>s1 & x has be5 f\nd to be bo? practical & economical2 x comb9es v completely ! lay+ & ! bre$+ h\se4 ,on ?is plant !y practise ! alt]nate sy/em ( males 9 ! p5s1 a small coop = ! extra male be+ set aga9/ ! p>tition 9 "o corn] ( ! p51 f\r feet up f ! floor4 ,"o male bird is coop$ up :ile ! o!r runs ) ! h5s & !y are ex*ang$ e two or ?ree days1 ! *ange be+ effect$ at night1 on occasion ( ! %utt+-up visit4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ai--;,int]ior1 %[+ p>titions betwe5 p5s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bj--;,int]ior ( p5s1 %[+ roo/s4 ,,mr4 ,,du/on',s ,,p\ltry ,,h\ses ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ba--,mr4 ,a4 ,g4 ,du/on's five-p5 bre$+ h\se4 ,"o ( ,am]ica's mo/ successful p\ltrym5 is ,mr4 ,ar?ur ,g4 ,du/on1 ,s\? ,fram+ham1 ,mass41 & z he has rec5tly e/abli%$ himself on a new f>m1 to secure necess>y room1 ! type ( p\ltry h\ses he decides are ! be/ = him is ( int]e/4 ,he is build+ sev5te5 h\ses ( five p5s ea*1 & uses "s ?irty odd ( 8 well-kn[n colony-h\ses 7,fig4 #bc74 ,! five-p5 h\ses are rais$ f ! gr\nd f two to ?ree feet1 ! space b5ea? be+ utiliz$ z scrat*+ room4 ,ea* h\se is fifty by twelve feet1 ! p5s be+ t5 by twelve feet ea*1 & !re is a w9d[ & door 9 ! front ( ea* p52 doors 9 ! front ( p>titions all[ pass+ ?r\gh f p5 to p54 ,! roo/s are at ! back1 ) ne/ boxes b5ea? ! roo/ plat=ms4 ,?is h\se has a %ort hip-ro( slop+ s\?1 :i* is op5 to ! objection ( c>ry+ "p ( ! ro(-drip to ! front ( ! h\se1--a fault :i* c be mitigat$ by a gutt] along ! front1 b t increases ! co/ )\t always giv+ complete relief f ! drip2 we decid$ly pref] ! s+le-slope ro(4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bb--;,gr\nd plan & cross-section4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bc--,mr4 ,du/on's 8colony0 h\se4 ,mr4 ,du/on's 8colony10 or portable1 h\ses are ju/ly favorites1 ! di/9ctive feature ( !m be+ ! d\ble door1 or wire nett+ door cov]$ ) a second door4 ,^! 8colony0 h\ses are t5 by five feet on ! gr\nd1 five feet high 9 front1 & f\r feet high at ! back1 & h bo>d floors4 ,,! ,,/raw-,,l(t ,,p\ltry ,,h\se ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bd--,! /raw-l(t p\ltry h\se4 ,9 ,new ,york /ate1 especially1 ! ,s+le ,comb$ ,:ite ,leghorns h long be5 ! pref]r$ v>iety1 &1 z !y h r ?9 s+le combs1 :i* are consid]$ to be susceptible to fro/ 9 cold wea!r1 x has be5 a problem to h\se !m s t !y %all be protect$ f freez+4 ,_m diff]5t types ( h\ses h be5 tri$1 "s ( !m ) a /ove 9 "o end & a long pipe runn+ ?r\gh to ! *imney at ! o!r1 ?irty or =ty feet away2 a decid$ disadvantage ) ?is 0 ! hav+ to keep ! h\se %ut q tight to cons]ve ! heat1 & ! consequ5t dampness f ! moi/ure ( ! brea? ( ! birds4 ,to get ov] ?is difficulty diffus$ v5tilation 0 devis$ by ,mr4 ,h4 ,j4 ,blan*>d1 ( ,fairview ,f>m1 ,groton1 ,n4 ,y42 ?is v5tilation 0 obta9$ by /[+ /raw 7or swale hay7 9 ! l(t 9 ! gable1 & ?is p]mits a sl[ diffusion ( air upw>d ?r\gh ! cracks ( ! floor & out ( ! small doors 9 ea* end ( gable4 ,?is /raw-l(t p\ltry h\se has be5 widely adopt$ all ov] ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 a good example ( a long h\se ( ?is type is %[n 9 ! illu/ration on page #ab4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #be--;,gr\nd plan4 ,mr4 ,blan*>d's h\ses are =ty feet long by sixte5 feet wide1 & divid$ into two p5s tw5ty by sixte5 feet ea*2 ab\t fifty birds are w9t]$ 9 ea* p54 ,! walls ( ! h\se are made d\ble1 bo>d$ on bo? sides ( ! /uds ) a dead air space betwe52 9 "s cases ! walls are pack$ ) saw du/ or plan] %av+s1 at ! well-kn[n ,van ,dress] f>m1 9 ,cobleskill1 ,n4,y41 !y are pack$ ) /raw4 ,! floor is d\ble bo>d$1 ) a good %ea?+ pap] betwe54 ,ov]head1 on ! plates1 two by six in* /r+]s are laid1 & a loose floor ( r\gh bo>ds1 ) in* to in* & a half cracks betwe51 is laid4 ,a "o-?ird pit* ro( is laid on %+le la?s nail$ to ! raft]s six in*es ap>t1 & on ?is a good %ea?+ pap] cov]$ ) two-ply ,p>oid4 ,9 ea* gable a door is cut1 z l>ge z w sw+ "u ! ro(4 ,on ! attic floor is put "s twelve to fifte5 in*es ( loose /raw4 ,9 v cold wea!r1 :5 ! h\se is tightly clos$ save = a musl9 curta9 9 "o or two w9d[s ( ea* p51 ! vapor ?r[n (f 9 ! brea? ( ! f[ls w pass up ?r\gh ! cracks 9 ! l(t-floor & be absorb$ 9 ! /raw above1 in/ead ( be+ cond5s$ on ! walls & ro( 9 ! =m ( fro/4 ,on mild days 9 w9t] ! doors 9 ! gable may be op5$ wide1 or if x is v w9dy ! door 9 ! leew>d end may be op5$1 :i* p]mits ! air to draw ?r\gh ov] ! /raw1 dry+ x ?or\ghly1 )\t any draughts ^u ! birds on ! floor bel[4 ,9 w>m wea!r ! gable doors may be left op5 night & day1 & ! draught ?r\gh ! l(t1 toge!r ) ! v5tilation ?r\gh op5 doors & w9d[s 9 ! h\se bel[1 keeps ! birds cool & com=table4 ,^! h\ses are ?or\ghly practical 9 e way & w be f\nd v desirable = use on any l>ge f>m4 ,a few su* scatt]$ 9 conv5i5t localities w give good opportunity to rotate crops & p\ltry1 & s ga9 a two-fold pr(it f ! l& & at ! same "t avoid all dang] ( ! soil becom+ poison$ by accumulation ( ! dropp+s4 ,at ,fairview ,f>m ,mr4 ,blan*>d comb9es fruit gr[+ ) p\ltry keep+1 a comb9ation :i* x w\ld be difficult to bett] = d\ble pr(its1 & a comb9ation :i* %\ld be bett] und]/ood by p\ltry gr[]s4 ,! advantages ( comb9+ fruit & p\ltry gr[+ are _m1 n ! lea/ ( ! advantages be+ furni%+ ! %ade :i* ,pr(4 ,rice tells u is s ess5tial 9 summ]4 ,= ! p]man5t y>ds !re is no?+ to equal apple trees1 b z !y are ( some:at sl[ gr[? & ne$ l>ge space :5 full gr[n1 x is well to set apple trees ab\t =ty feet ap>t & set plums or pea*es 7or bo?7 9 ! spaces betwe52 ! plum & pea* trees w mature1 produce a few crops ( fruit & break d[n1 be=e ! apple trees w h gr[n to a /ature to require all ! room4 ,a few ye>s ago plum trees 7 /rongly recomm5d$ = p\ltry y>ds1 b exp]i5ce has demon/rat$ t !y _c be dep5d$ ^u = b a half doz5 ye>s or s1 h5ce ! wisdom ( sett+ apple trees = p]man5t %ade4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bf--,we/ ,virg9ia ,exp]im5t ,/ation ,colony-h\se4 ,plantations ( small fruits1 su* z grapes1 blackb]ries1 & raspb]ries1 s]ve admirably = range & semi-%ade = gr[+ *icks1 & x is a mi/ake to imag9e t ! *icks damage ! crops ( fruit2 if !y t\* any x w only be ! l[] 7& always inf]ior7 /ems t !y rea*4 ,!re are su* sub/antial b5efits accru+ f ! pres5ce ( little *icks ab\t ! small fruit plantations1 or ! mature birds ab\t ! apple1 plum1 & pea* trees--su* z ! de/ruction ( ho/s ( worms & insects & keep+ ! surface ( ! gr\nd /irr$1 t e consid]ation urges ! comb9ation ( fruit & p\ltry gr[+4 ,at ! ,v]non ,fruit & ,p\ltry ,f>m1 ,v]non1 ,conn41 we saw la/ summ] ,baldw9 apple trees t 7 six in*es ?r\gh at ! butt1 yield$ an av]age ( a b>rel ( *oice apples ea* 9 ! fall1 & _h be5 set only six ye>s4 ,!y began be>+ ! second ye> aft] sett+1 _h borne increas+ crops e ye>1 la/ season av]ag$ to be ab\t six in*es ?r\gh & gave _! own] a b>rel ( apples ea*4 ,^! apple trees 7 "p ( an or*>d :i* 0 occupi$ by colony p\ltry h\ses hav+ fifty lay]s ea*1 & set suffici5t di/ance ap>t s t !re 7 ab\t two hundr$ birds to ! acre2 ! own] told u he _h nev] se5 a bor] or any evid5ce ( bor]s ab\t ^? trees4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bg--;,colony p\ltry h\se at ,connecticut ,exp]im5t ,/ation4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bh--;,gr\nd plan4 ,,! ,,curta9-,,front1 ,,curta9$-,,roo/+-,,closet1 ,,p\ltry ,,h\se ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bi--,! curta9-front1 curta9$ roo/+-closet1 p\ltry h\se4 ,ma9e ,exp]im5t ,/ation4 ,z /at$ else:]e1 ! t5d5cy 9 p\ltry h\se con/ruction today is to m & m op5 up ! h\ses to fre% air & sun%9e1 & ! mo/ advanc$ type ( ! fre% air p\ltry h\se has be5 develop$ at ! ,ma9e ,exp]im5t ,/ation1 ,orono1 ,ma9e4 ,?is consi/s ( a h\se-front ab\t half op51 a little m ?an a f\r? ( ea* p5-front be+ clos$ by a clo? curta9 only1 two w9d[s & a door mak+ ) ! curta9 ab\t half ( ! :ole front ( ea* p54 ,at ! re> ( ea* p51 & elevat$ ?ree feet above ! p5-floor1 is a curta9$-front 8roo/+ closet10 z x is call$2 ?is roo/+ closet is ! 8b$-room0 & ! :ole p5 ! 8liv+-room10 9 ?is type ( h\se4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cj--;,cross-section4 ,x seems almo/ l cruelty to animals to put h5s 9 su* h\ses1 :]e !y h b ! two clo? curta9s betwe5 !m & all outdoors 9 ! v cold w9t]s !y h up 9 c5tral ,ma9e2 ! ,ma9e ,/ation is v ne>ly up to =ty-five nor? latitude1 ab\t ! same z ,ottawa1 ,ont>io1 ,/4 ,paul1 ,m9n41 & ,portl&1 ,oregon4 ,"o ( ! ,/ation bullet9s1 h[ev]1 says3 8,^! curta9-front h\ses h all prov$ em95tly satisfactory4 ,n a case ( cold or snuffles has develop$ f sleep+ 9 ! w>m elevat$ closets ) ! clo? fronts1 & !n go+ d[n into ! cold room1 onto ! dry /raw1 & sp5d+ ! day 9 ! op5 air4 ,! egg-yield p] bird has be5 z good 9 ^! h\ses z 9 ! w>m$ "o40 ,9 a lett] writt5 by ,pr(4 ,g[ell1 j aft] an extremely cold p]iod1 he says3 8,?is is ! n9? day ( wea!r all ! way f z]o to tw5ty-five degrees bel[1 /ill ! fifty pullets 9 ! t5 by tw5ty-five feet curta9$ front h\se ) its curta9$-front roo/+-room h fall5 (f b little 9 _! egg-yield1 & bo? ! h\se & scrat*+ mat]ial on ! floor are p]fectly dry4 ,!re is no :ite fro/ on ! walls & !re w be no dampness :5 ! wea!r mod]ates & a ?aw comes40 ,!re c\ld h>dly be a /rong] indorsem5t ( fre%1 pure air 9 a p\ltry h\se & good v5tilation )\t draughts4 ,if su* good results c be atta9$ 9 cold ,ma9e !y c be atta9$ any:]e 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & s\!rn ,canada4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ca--,ma9e ,/ation ,colony ,brood] ,h\se4 ,! ,ma9e ,exp]im5t ,/ation has n[ ?ree ( ^! curta9-front h\ses1 ( :i* "o is "o hundr$ & =ty feet long by twelve feet wide1 divid$ into p5s tw5ty by twelve feet 9 size1 9 ea* p5 be+ h\s$ fifty birds2 ! o!r is "o hundr$ & tw5ty by sixte5 feet1 divid$ into p5s ?irty by sixte5 feet1 & "o hundr$ h5s are kept 9 ea*4 ,on ,pr(4 ,g[ell's f>m1 two miles di/ant f ! ,/ation1 he erect$ la/ ye> a h\se ( ?is type f\r hundr$ feet long by tw5ty feet wide1 divid$ into p5s tw5ty by tw5ty feet ea*1 & a hundr$ birds are kept 9 ea* p52 9 ! ?irty by sixte5 feet p5s !re is a floor space ( f\r & eight-t5?s feet p] bird2 9 ! tw5ty by tw5ty feet p5s ! floor space is f\r feet p] bird4 ,x is ( int]e/ to note t ! "o hundr$ birds1 ,b>r$ ,plym\? ,rocks1 p5n$ on ?is f\r hundr$ squ>e feet ( floor space1 d n g outdoors f ! "t !y are put 9 ! h\se 9 ,octob] till ! gr\nd ( ! y>ds is well dri$ (f 9 spr+1 say ab\t ,may fir/2 ?is sugge/s ! practicability ( h\s+ lay+-/ock 9 suitable conv5i5t build+s 9 w9t]1 pa9s be+ tak5 t ample sun%9e & fre% air 7?r\gh curta9s7 be suppli$1 & 9 ! spr+ ! birds be mov$ out to portable colony h\ses scatt]$ ab\t ! or*>d1 or a wood-lot1 or o!r conv5i5t place1 :]e !y w\ld be pu%$ = a lib]al egg-yield ?r\gh ! summ] & sold (f to m>ket be=e molt+ "t 9 ! fall4 ,?is plan supposes ! re>+ ( ano!r g5]ation ( pullets = lay]s dur+ ! summ]1 & ^! pullets g into ! w9t]-lay+-p5s 9 ,octob]1 to be remov$ to ! colony-h\ses 9 ,may1 to be 9 turn1 sold (f to m>ket 9 ,septemb]4 ,?is plan ( an annual rotation ( lay+-/ock w und\bt$ly give ! be/ f9ancial returns f egg-f>m+1 & z by ! adoption ( ! dry-fe$+ me?od ( h&l+ ! f[ls ! labor is r$uc$ to ! m9imum1 ! results1 ) intellig5t managem5t ( ! bus9ess %\ld be q satisfactory2 ! pr(its w be lib]al = am\nt ( capital inve/$ & labor engag$4 ,9 ,fig4 #bi we give a s+le p5 ( ! "o hundr$ & tw5ty feet long h\se1 ) a door op5+ into ea* p5 f ! bo>d-walk along ! front4 ,ea* p5 has two w9d[s1 :i* light ! int]ior :5 ! wea!r is /ormy & x is necess>y to keep ! curta9 clos$2 ! curta9 is op5 e day :5 ! wea!r is fair4 ,!re are banks ( ne/ boxes at ea* end ( p5s1 & coops = break+ up broody birds above ! ne/ boxes4 ,! twelve by f\r feet curta9 9 ! p5-front is h+$ at top s x may be swung up aga9/ ! ro( & hook$ up !re2 ! roo/+ closet is up ?ree feet f ! floor1 ! plat=m is ?ree feet wide1 & ! curta9 :i* closes ! front is ! :ole l5g? ( ! p51 & also sw+s up aga9/ ! ro(1 :]e hooks secure x up out ( ! way4 ,! :ole floor ( ! p5 is op5 = ex]cise1 & is an enclos$ out-(-doors p5 all ! "t4 ,,! ,,cont9u\s ,,curta9$-,,front ,,scrat*+-,,%$ ,,p\ltry ,,h\se ,! t5d5cy 9 p\ltry h\se con/ruction 9 rec5t ye>s has be5 to m & m op5 up ! h\se to fre% air & sun%9e1 & ?is op5+ up ( ! h\ses1 & gett+ m & m fre% air & sun%9e into !m1 has be5 a decid$ /ep 9 advance 9 p\ltry "w4 ,!re are _m modifications & adaptations ( ! scrat*+-%$ plan ( h\se1 p]haps ! be/ kn[n ( !m be+ ! 8scrat*+-p50 plan1 & ! enclos$-roo/+-closet plan1 ! latt] be+ ! "o evolv$ at ! ,ma9e ,exp]im5t ,/ation & illu/rat$ on page #af4 ,9 ?is enclos$-roo/+-closet h\se we see ! entire floor ( ! p5 a curta9$-front scrat*+ p5 & ! roo/+ ap>tm5t lift$ up & enclos$ by ano!r curta9-front2 9 ! "o we h ! %$ "o dep>tm5t & ! roo/+-lay+ dep>tm5t ano!r 7"o a 8liv+-room0 & ! o!r ! 8b$-room071 ) wide range ( adaptability 9 ! way ( op5+ up ! roo/+-lay+ room2 9 ! o!r ! enclos$ roo/+-closet1 or 8b$-room10 & scrat*+-%$1 or 8liv+-room10 are 9 ! "o ap>tm5t4 ,c]ta9 x is ! curta9$-front scrat*+-%$ type ( h\se t has be5 gr[+ v rapidly 9 favor ) practical p\ltrym51 & probably comb9es m advantages ) few] disadvantages ?an any o!r "o /yle ( p\ltry h\se4 ,ea* comb9$ p5 & %$ cov]s eighte5 by t5 feet1 ! curta9$-front %$ be+ t5 by t5 feet1 & ! roo/+-room adjo9+ be+ eight by t5 feet1 room suffici5t = tw5ty-five to ?irty f[ls ( ! ,am]ican or ?irty-five to =ty ( ! ,m$it]ranean v>ieties4 ,no 8walk0 is requir$ because ! walk is ?r\gh gates & doors1 f %$ to p5 & p5 to %$1 & s on to ! end ( ! h\se & out ! o!r end4 ,! mu*-desir$ v5tilation ( ! p\ltry h\se is v v>i$ 9 ?is plan1 at ! discretion & accord+ to ! judgm5t ( ! op]ator1 & c be adapt$ to ! diff]5t seasons 9 half a doz5 diff]5t ways4 ,9 summ] ! doors & w9d[s are all wide op5 & ! curta9s are hook$ up aga9/ ! ro( out ( ! way4 7,x is to be rememb]$ t ! doors betwe5 two p5s are nev] to be left op5 :5 !re are birds 9 ! p5s1 !y are always kept clos$ except :5 op5$ = ! att5dant to pass ?r\gh f "o p5 to ano!r74 ,:5 ! nights beg9 to be decid$ly fro/y 9 ! fall close ! w9d[s 9 ! fronts ( ! roo/+ p5s1 b leave %$-curta9s hook$ up & doors betwe5 p5s & %$s op54 ,:5 x beg9s to freeze nights close ! curta9s 7at night7 9 fronts ( %$s1 b /ill leave doors betwe5 p5s & %$s op54 ,^! doors 7includ+ ! slide door7 are nev] clos$ except+ on nights ( solid cold1 say :5 ! !rmomet] runs five to tw5ty degrees bel[ z]o2 & = real z]o wea!r1 f five above to away bel[ z]o1 close ! curta9s 9 front ( roo/s & all doors & w9d[s are clos$4 ,an additional protection aga9/ cold 9 extremely cold latitudes w\ld be to d\ble-wall ! back ( ! roo/-p51 f ! sill up to plate & !n up ! ro(-raft]s f\r feet1 pack+ ! spaces betwe5 ! /uds & raft]s ) plan] %av+s1 /raw1 swale hay1 or seawe$ 7! latt] is v]m9-pro(71 !n h a h+$ curta9 to drop d[n to )9 ab\t six in*es ( front ( roo/ plat=m1 & ext5d+ a foot bel[ x2 ?is curta9 we w\ld close only on ! v colde/ nights4 ,we w\ld build ?is h\se sev5 feet high 9 front & five feet high at ! back4 ,sills & plates are all ( two by f\r scantl+1 halv$ & nail$ toge!r at jo9ts4 ,! raft]s1 corn] /uds1 & /uds 9 c5t]s ( fronts ( %$s are all two by f\r2 ! int]m$iate /uds are two by ?ree4 ,set ! sills on /one f\ndation a foot & a half above ! gr\nd level1 or on po/s set into ! gr\nd bel[ ! usual fro/ l9e1 ! po/s be+ set five feet ap>t except+ 9 front ( roo/+ p5s 7:]e !y come f\r feet ap>t7--!re be+ a po/ at corn] ( ea* p5 & %$1 ) "o betwe54 ,! raft]s %\ld be two feet betwe5 c5t]s2 z lumb] comes twelve1 f\rte51 or sixte5 feet 9 l5g?1 & two-feet-ap>t raft]s all[ ! lumb] to be us$ ) almo/ no wa/e4 ,! sills we w\ld set a foot & a half above av]age gr\nd level4 ,:5 set on po/s put hemlock 7or "s h>d wood7 bo>ds f bottom half ( sill d[n to gr\nd1 nail+ !m firmly to sill & f\ndation po/s2 !n fill up inside to bottom ( sills & slope ! gr\nd outside to same height1 z illu/rat$ 9 ,fig4 #a4 ,toe-nail /uds to sills firmly1 plates to /uds ditto1 & raft]s to plates4 ,set ! /uds 9 front ( roo/+ p5s to take ! w9d[ frames 7or ! w9d[ sa%1 if no frames are us$71 & 9 p>titions a /ud %\ld be set to take ! two & "o half feet wide doors & gates4 ,all ( ! fram+ is simple & easy1 & any man :o c saw (f a bo>d or joi/ reasonably squ>e & drive nails /raight c build ?is h\se2 ! slight bevel at ea* end ( raft]s be+ p]fectly simple4 ,all bo>d+ is l5g?wise1 ! bo>ds firmly nail$ & good jo9ts made all ov]4 ,cov] ! ro( & sides ) ,p>oid1 & ! h\se w be w9d & wat]pro(4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cb--,! ,cont9u\s1 ,curta9$-,front ,scrat*+-%$ ,p\ltry4 ,,! ,,all-,,op5-,,front ,,p\ltry ,,h\se ,?is 8,fre% ,air ,p\ltry ,h\se0 has be5 evolv$ by ,mr4 ,joseph ,tolman1 a practical p\ltryman ( ea/]n ,massa*usetts1 "s tw5ty-five miles s\? ( ,bo/on1 & diff]s f mo/ o!r plans 9 t ! front is wide op5 night & day all ! ye> ar\nd2 ! s\? front is always op51 be+ clos$ by "o-in* me% wire nett+ only4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cc--,! ,all-,op5-,front ,p\ltry ,h\se4 ,! ro( & sides are "o in* bo>ds nail$ to two by f\r in* raft]s & /uds1 & cov]$ ) %ea?+ pap] & two-ply ,p>oid2 ?is makes a tight ro(1 & ea/1 we/1 & nor? walls1 except+ t !re is a w9d[ 9 ! c5t] ( ! we/ side & a door opposite x1 9 c5t] ( ea/ side4 ,9 op]at+ ?is h\se 9 summ] bo? ! door & w9d[ are remov$ & wire nett+ tack$ to a light frame set 9 ! places2 = conv5i5ce we recomm5d t ! door-scre5 be h+$ to outside ( door frame1 & :5 n 9 use hook$ back aga9/ ! wall4 ,!re are _m nights 9 spr+ & fall :5 x is desirable to leave ! door op5 except+ t ! op5+ is clos$ by ! wire scre51 & possibly ! v next night x is bett] t ! door be clos$2 hav+ ! door-scre5 hung to ! wall enables adapt+ to wea!r *anges at w4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cd--;,gr\nd plan4 ,! h\se "h %[n is made eight by f\rte5 feet 9 size1 f\r feet to eaves & sev5 feet to apex ( ro(1 & makes a f9e home = tw5ty-five f[ls2 a l>g] size ( ?is h\se is recomm5d$ to be made tw5ty-"o by f\rte5 feet on ! gr\nd1 ) five feet po/s 9 nor? & s\? ends & eight feet to apex ( ro(2 ?is w\ld com=tably h\se fifty head ( lay]s4 #b4 ,,b>ns1 ,,/ables1 ,,etc4 ,!re is a v great div]sity 9 plans ( b>ns & /ables1 ! ta/e ( individual own]s seem+ to favor ?is or t plan1 :i* !y ?9k is be/ adapt$ to _! ne$s4 ,obs]vation ( v>i\s types ( f>m build+s1 h[ev]1 w conv9ce ! ?\ghtful man t too (t5 a s+le po9t ( conv5i5ce is magnifi$ till o!r po9ts are :olly obscur$1 & to secure ! "o advantage sev]al decid$ conv5i5ces are sacrific$2 9 a /udy ( conv5i5ces all possible po9ts %\ld be consid]$ & a decision arriv$ at :i* w give ! greate/ & sacrifice ! lea/ numb]4 ,talk+ ) a dairy f>m] liv+ 9 c5tral ,new ,york1 :o _h j complet$ a dairy b>n :i* co/ him ab\t ?ree ?\s& doll>s1 he told t he _h wait$ a doz5 ye>s to build t b>n1 & _h /udi$ & figur$ to get ! two mo/ important conv5i5ces ( a cem5t floor to pres]ve ! liquid manure & a drive-way onto ! ma9 floor2 to get ^? he _h let g "o or two o!rs :i* he consid]$ ( f> less importance1 & _h at la/ got a b>n exactly to 8 lik+4 ,"o ( ! conv5i5ces :i* he _h let g 0 a cov]$-way to ! b>n1 & ?is "o po9t is consid]$ ( s great importance by _m t almo/ ev]y?+ else is sacrific$ to ga9 x4 ,we 7 discuss+ ?is po9t ) a f>m] ^: b>n 0 ab\t a hundr$ & fifty feet away f 8 h\se1 & he 0 positive t ! advantage ( hav+ ! b>n ne> to & connect$ ) ! dwell+ h\se 0 ov]-e/imat$2 t !re 7 b a v few days 9 a ye> :5 ! cov]$-way 0 ( s great advantage1 & !re 7 decid$ advantages 9 hav+ ! b>n a little di/ance f ! h\se1--among !m abs5ce ( b>n-odors1 flies1 & noises4 ,) ! b>n (f a little di/ance he avoids ^?1 & ga9s ! 7to him7 great advantage ( a drive-way onto ! ma9 floor1 a f9e basem5t = compo/+ ! manure & h\s+ ! f>m c>ts1 etc41 & a drive-way out ( ! basem5t ) only an insignificant rise to ! level ( ! fields4 ,?is same f>m-b>n _h "o defect1 to rem$y :i* we (f]$ ! sugge/$ %$ %[n 9 ,fig4 #ce4 ,! b>n ext5d$ v ne>ly ea/ & we/1 consequ5tly ! l9t] door 0 expos$ to ! cold we/ & nor?we/ w9ds ( w9t]1 & dur+ ! w9t] ! f>m] want$ 8 c[s to h ! ex]cise-room ( ! b>n y>d on ! s\? side ( ! b>n4 ,to ov]come ! difficulty we sugge/$ an op5-front %$ along ! we/ side ( ! b>n y>d1 & a cov]$-9 walk d[n f ! l9t] door to ! %$2 z subsequ5tly built ! %$ 0 ext5d$ five feet beyond ! corn] ( ! b>n1 s z to cov] ! l9t] door1 & a broad door 9 ! %$-end gave out to ! lane lead+ to ! pa/ure4 ,by clos+ t broad door 9 ! end ( ! %$ & op5+ a gate to ! b>n y>d a cov]$-way 0 made = ! c[s to pass f ! l9t] to ! b>n y>d1 )\t be+ expos$ to ! cold w9ds ( w9t]1 & ga9+ ! complete %elt] ( ! %$ on ! we/2 a simple exp$i5t1 & yet a v decid$ conv5i5ce4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ce--;,a conv5i5t %$-%elt] = we/ end ( b>n y>ds4 ,driveways onto two or m diff]5t floors ( a b>n or /able are mo/ sub/antial aids to ! economical do+ ( ! f>m "w4 ,on a l>ge ,essex c\nty 7,mass47 f>m :i* we rec5tly visit$ a new hay-b>n 0 be+ erect$1 ! site = x be+ especially select$ s t an easy grade c\ld be built to ! top floor1 p]mitt+ ! hay wagons be+ driv5 into ! top ( ! b>n1 "u ! high ro(1 & all ! hay 0 pit*$ (f & d[n into ! tw5ty-feet deep m[s4 ,a rec5t lett] says3 8,! new b>n is practically done1 & already "s tw5ty loads ( hay are 9 "o corn] ( x4 ,we f9d x a great sav+ ( labor2 f\r m5 9 ! b>n w take bett] c>e ( ! hay & keep ahead ( ! gang 9 ! field easi] ?an sev5 m5 & a horse c\ld put x into ! top ( ! b>n ) a =k40 ,a second drive-way leads out ( ! gr\nd floor ( ?is b>n to ! high road1 practically on a level1 & a ?ird out ( ! we/ end ( ! basem5t1 :5ce an easy grade rises to ! f>m roads4 ,by ^! conv5i5t driveways mu* h>d "w is elim9at$--a mo/ important po9t 9 ^! days ( gr[+ sc>city ( f>m help4 ,because ( ?is great sc>city ( help1 especially ( dep5dable help1 x is a necessity t ! f>m] take advantage ( e conv5i5ce1 or labor-sav+ device1 :i* w aid him 9 8 "w2 x is bo? good economy & good bus9ess policy = him to d s4 ,we h ?\ght x wise to give "h a few simple1 practical plans1 :i* h approv$ !mselves 9 ev]yday use4 ,b>ns & /ables ne$ n be exp5sive 9 con/ruction nor elaborate 9 fitt+s2 ! important consid]ations are ! com=t ( ! animals1 ! conv5i5ce ( ! own] & ! adaptability ( ! build+ to its purpose4 ,9 ,figs4 #cf1 #cg1 & #ch we give a plan = a village /able1 = ! man :o keeps a horse & "o or two c[s1 & ! gr\nd floor also provides room = ! "w-b5* 7:i* is mo/ desirable :]e !re are boys 9 ! family71 besides /&+ room = ! c>riage1 wagon & sleigh4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cf--;,a village /able = a horse & c[4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cg--;,cross-section4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ch--;,gr\nd plan4 ,?is /able is plann$ to be tw5ty-six feet long by eighte5 feet wide1 is t5 feet f floor level to eaves1 & f\rte5 feet f floor to ridge ( ro(4 ,m pit* c be giv5 to ro( if desir$1 b ) a good ro(+ l ,p>oid ! ro( slope may be slight4 ,x w\ld be bett] to make ! walls two feet high] if m /orage space is desir$ above ! scaffold floor4 ,! doorway is eight by eight feet1 & /all space eight by eight feet is made 9 ea* front corn]2 a box /all is provid$ = ! horse & two c[ /alls 9 ! left-h& corn]1 ) a small door op5+ into ! c[ l9t]4 ,hay scaffolds sev5 feet above ! floor ext5d across ea* end & may be jo9$ at ! re> if desir$2 a scaffold floor above ! l>ge doors ext5ds f front to re>1 or to ! drop-scaffold walk connect+ ! two side scaffolds at ! re>4 ,a basem5t six or sev5 feet deep "u ! :ole is a valuable addition to su* a /able1 mak+ room = /or+ & rott+ ! manure1 & a /orage room = roots1 etc41 9 "o corn]4 ,six-in*-squ>e sills1 po/s1 & floor /r+]s are amply /rong = ! /ra9 usually put ^u a small /able1 & ! c5t] po/s1 set at corn]s ( box /all & c[ /alls1 help c>ry ! ma9 floor & ! /orage floor above4 ,if pref]r$1 ! int]m$iate po/s may be set 9 ! c5t] & ! /all-spaces ext5d$ a foot1 mak+ !m eight by n9e feet4 ,) ! ro( cov]$ ) ,p>oid ,ro(+1 & ! sides ) ,neponset ,r$ ,rope ,ro(+ batt5$ on laps & halfway betwe5 laps1 a v neat & economically con/ruct$ /able is made4 ,if desir$ a ri*] appe>ance may be giv5 to ! ro( by add+ ! ornam5tal batt5s %[n on page #bh & pa9t+ ! :ole a d>k r$4 ,! f>m-b>n is a mo/ important aid to economy ( labor1 if rightly plann$1 & we give on ?is page ! plans ( a small b>n1 = a f>m :]e eight or t5 c[s are kept1 su* z is q common 9 ,new ,engl& & ! ,middle ,/ates1 & :i* gives excell5t satisfaction ev]y:]e4 ,on ! f>m :]e ?is plan 0 /udi$ ! pair ( horses 7 h\s$ 9 a small horse b>n ne>] ! dwell+ h\se1 ! ,democrat wagon1 canopy top c>riage & sleigh1 etc41 be+ "u ! same ro(4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ci--;,a b>n = a small dairy f>m4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dj--;,gr\nd plan4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #da--;,cross-section4 ,?is b>n is =ty-f\r feet long by ?irty-f\r feet wide1 & is built 9 f\r 8bays0 ( elev5 feet 9 l5g? ea*4 ,! ma9 floor is twelve feet wide1 & hay wagons drive 9 at ei!r end & out at ! o!r4 ,! c[ /alls occupy all ( ! l9t] on ! s\? side1 a door at ! end op5+ into ! lane to ! pa/ure4 ,! fir/ bay on ! nor? side is ceil$ up ) tongu$ & groov$ bo>ds1 has a tight floor ov]head1 & is us$ z a gra9 /or]oom2 ! o!r ?ree bays on t side are hay m[s f floor to ro(4 ,ov] ! ma9 floor & fifte5 feet above x is a floor = hay1 or corn1 or us$ = g5]al /orage at diff]5t seasons4 ,!re 0 no floor on ! coll>-beams :5 ! pres5t own] b\ght ! f>m4 ,/rong poles _h be5 laid across ! space & surplus hay ?r[n on !m2 s9ce be+ floor$ ov] ! own] says x is ! be/ "p ( ! b>n1 & invaluable = dry+ out crops n fully cur$4 ,a basem5t ab\t six feet 9 dep? receives ! manure f ! c[s1 & ?ree or f\r logs h ! run ( ! cell> & manure heaps1 ?or\ghly rott+ & 8f9+0 ! manure = ! next season's crops4 ,! frame ( ?is b>n is ( eight-in* squ>e hemlock timb]1 ! braces ?ree by f\r in* hemlock mortis$ into po/s & /r+]s1 ! floor /r+]s ?ree by n9e in*es1 two feet ap>t & well cross-bridg$1 ! floor ( ?ree-in* plank4 ,! scaffold floor is ( in* bo>ds laid on two by six in* /r+]s ?ree feet ap>t1 & is amply /rong = any load put ^u x4 ,gra9 b9s along two sides ( ! gra9 room may be f\r feet wide1 &1 fitt$ ) drop fronts may be five feet high & divid$ into two or m comp>tm5ts4 ,two small b9s may be fitt$ 9 ea* side ( ! w9d[2 ! w9d[ may be 9 ! end if pref]r$4 ,a ,,complete ,,dairy ,,b>n ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #db--;,a complete dairy b>n1 ) silo4 ,mod]n dairy f>m+ means an up-to-date dairy b>n1 & we give h]e) ! plans ( "o :i* is w>mly endors$ by ! own] & c>ries fifty c[s 9 p]fect com=t4 ,?is is a truss-frame b>n1 n9ety-?ree feet long by =ty feet wide1 ! basem5t 7or gr\nd7 floor be+ :olly occupi$ by c[ /alls & calv+ p5s1 ! ma9 floor be+ a hay-/orage room4 ,two bays on "o side are us$ = gra9 /orage1 all ! rema9d] ( ! bays on bo? sides be+ = hay2 a drive-way fifte5 feet wide ext5ds ?r\gh ?is floor1 & incl9$ driveways at ea* end give access f ! fields 9 ei!r direction4 ,! gr\nd floor is concrete ?r\gh\t4 ,a walk five feet wide ext5ds along ea* side & cross walks ?ree feet wide are betwe5 ea* r[ ( /alls at bo? front & re>1 "o = bre$+ & ! o!r = ! c[s & ! milk]s4 ,a %all[ gutt]1 eighte5 in*es wide by six in*es deep1 ext5ds along ! re> ( ! /alls to receive ! dropp+s & ur9e1 :i* is remov$ twice a day & drawn at once to ! fields or heap$ = tramp+ ov] & rott+ "u wide-ro($ %$s4 ,! calv+ /alls1 f\r at ea* end ( ?is floor1 are eight by sev5 & ?ree qu>t]s feet 9 size1 & "o or two ( !m c be occupi$ by bulls1 if desir$4 ,! wat]+ sy/em may be ei!r a wood5 gutt] ext5d+ along ! front ( ea* r[ ( /alls or a ca/-iron semicircul> pan set betwe5 ea* pair ( /alls s z to supply a c[ on ei!r side4 ,:e!r tr\ghs or pans are us$ !re %\ld be an automatic cock & tank1 :i* keeps ! wat] always at ! desir$ level1 & *eck valves :i* prev5t ! wat] once 9 ! tr\gh or bas9 return+ to ! pipe & contam9at+ o!rs4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dc--;,cross-section %[+ truss-frame plan4 ,all ! food is /or$ on ! ma9 floor1 :5ce conv5i5t *utes convey x to fe$+ tr\ghs or pu%-c>ts on ! walks bel[4 ,! ensilage f ! silo is load$ directly into ! pu%-c>ts j outside ! door1 or c\ld be *ut$ to ! walk inside4 ,! soil+ crops f$ 9 summ] are cut up on ! ma9 floor & s5t d[n to ! wait+ pu%-c>ts 9 ! walks bel[4 ,! ro( & sides ( ?is b>n are cov]$ ) ,p>oid ro(+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dd--;,gr\nd floor plan ( basem5t /ory4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #de--;,floor plan ( ma9 floor4 ,! ty+ arrangem5t may be ei!r *a9s1 /raps1 or sw+ /an*ions z desir$1 & all ?ree me?ods are 9 use on up-to-date dairy b>ns4 ,! /ock kept may h an influ5ce ^u ! l5g? ( ! /alls2 ^? giv5 are sev5 & "o half feet long by ?ree feet ?ree in*es wide4 ,a ,,/able ,,= ,a ,,suburban ,,place ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #df--;,a /able = a suburban place4 ,a conv5i5t & well-arrang$ /able is greatly appreciat$1 & we pres5t plans = a /able = f\r horses1 ) c>riage room1 h>ness room1 man's room1 etc41 hay-l(t1 plat=m = dry+ ! b$d+1 & o!r accessories ( a mod]n /able = a suburban home4 ,x is built )\t cupola or o!r ornam5tal features1 is j a pla91 simple /able4 ,?is build+ is =ty-f\r by tw5ty-f\r feet 9 size1 ! sides & ro( r\gh bo>ds cov]$ ) ,p>oid ,ro(+4 ,!re is a basem5t "u ! :ole4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dg--,second /ory plan4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dh--;,floor plan4 ,! walls & ceil+ ( ! entire l[] floor are %ea!d ) h>d p9e1 a wood5 p>tition sep>at+ ! /alls f ! c>riages1 & abundant w9d[s give light & air to all p>ts4 ,! v5tilation ( ! horse room is su* t no gases rea* ! c>riages1 & 8,hydrex0 wat]pro(+ felt betwe5 ! floor+s ( ! c>riage room cuts ( ! /eam & gases f ! manure pit4 ,! iron gutt] along ! re> ( ! /alls is cov]$ ) maple or bir* plank1 & ! /all floors are ei!r maple or bir*4 ,runn+ wat] is pip$ to ! wat] bas9 9 ! horse room1 & a hose cock on ! o!r side ( ! p>tition receives ! hose = wa%+ c>riages1 or a revolv+1 ov]head hose-fixture c be in/all$1 j above ! wa%+ floor1 if desir$4 ,a hot-wat] heat] may be in/all$ on ! ma9 floor1 b bett] be 9 ! basem5t1 :]e ! coal b9 w\ld be2 radiators may be set z desir$1 ) "o at lea/ 9 re> ( ! box /all & "o on ! c>riage floor1 & a small "o 9 ! man's room on second floor4 ,! ro( is dra9$ by galvaniz$ iron pipes empty+ into bl9d wells4 ,! c>riage room floor is concret$1 & a dra9 pipe leads f ! depression :]e c>riages are wa%$ to a bl9d well4 ,at "o end is a plat=m = dry+ ! b$d+1 & v5tilation is s well provid$ = !re are almo/ no odors4 ,z x is plann$ ?is is a practical1 conv5i5t1 well-arrang$ /able1 adapt$ to ! ne$s ( a family ( mod]ate means on a suburban place4 ,a ,,comb9$ ,,horse ,,& ,,c[ ,,/able ,,z ,,design$ ,,= ,c4 ,h4 ,,l9ville1 ,,esq41 ,,baltimore1 ,,md4 ,desir+ a /able :i* w\ld give him room = f\r c[s1 ?ree horses & c>riage room "u "o ro(1 ,mr4 ,c4 ,h4 ,l9ville1 ( ,baltimore1 ,md41 wrote & ask$ ab\t enl>g+ ! plan ( a /able = a suburban place1 & wi%$ to place ! c>riage room at ! o!r end ( ! /able1 because ! slope ( ! gr\nd 0 su* z to favor gett+ ! basem5t "u t end 9 ! location on :i* he desir$ to build2 ! result 0 a re-draw+ ( t plan & pres5t+ x z giv5 h]e)4 ,a comp>ison ( ^! two plans w aid any int5d+ build] to *ange & adapt to 8 especial purpose su* plan z he pref]s1 b :i* may n be1 z "h pres5t$1 ! be/ = him4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #di--;,a comb9$ horse & c[ /able4 ,?is /able is plann$ to be =ty-eight feet long by tw5ty-five feet wide1 outside measure1 & ! space is s divid$ !re is a good sev5 by t5 feet box /all & a good h>ness room 9 ! horse ap>tm5t2 9 ! we/ end a gra9 room t5 by twelve feet gives space = f\r gra9 b9s & ! /airway up to l(t op5s out ( ?is room4 ,! c>riage room is sixte5 by tw5ty-five feet1 & ! manure pit is 9 ! basem5t b5ea? ?is room2 to prev5t ! escape ( ammonia f ! manure pit into ! c>riage room a good cem5t floor %\ld be laid d[n4 ,?is build+ is plann$ to be f\rte5 feet high to ! plates & tw5ty feet to ! ridge1 :i* gives lib]al hay-l(ts2 %\ld m hay space be ?\ght desirable we w\ld c>ry side walls to sixte5 or eighte5 feet height1 six feet1 or ev5 five feet ( height f plates to ridge gives ample slope to ro( :]e ,p>oid is ! ro( cov]+4 ,an ornam5tal cupola c\ld easily be plac$ at ! junction ( ! ro( ( ! gable ) ! ma9 ro(1 & w\ld aid 9 ! v5tilation ( ! hay-l(t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ej--;,floor plan4 ,! p>titions betwe5 ! diff]5t divisions & ab\t ! /alls give ample opportunity = /uds to be set to support ! hay-l(t floor except+ 9 ! cle> span ov] ! c>riage room1 & ! floor /r+]s !re %\ld be d\bly heavy to support ! weight ov] s l>ge a space4 ,ano!r way to ga9 ! desir$ /r5g? "h w\ld be to tie ! ro(-raft]s securely & c>ry ! /ra9 on hang]s dropp$ f ! ridge2 ! ?ree or f\r hang]s necess>y w\ld int]f]e b slightly ) ! hay /orage space4 ,,an ,,attractive ,,dairy ,,b>n ,illu/ration3 ,,front ,,elevation ,,fig4 #ea--;,an attractive dairy b>n4 ,sometimes x is desir$ to h m attractive look+ build+s ?an ! sev]ely pla9 ones se5 on _m f>ms1 & to illu/rate ! decid$ly attractive appe>ance :i* c be giv5 to build+s :i* are cov]$ ) ,p>oid ro(+1 we h _h prep>$ plans ( a dairy b>n & a village /able1 ) ! ro(s treat$ ) ornam5tal batt5s & ! :ole ro( pa9t$ ) a d>k gre5 or r$ pa9t1 :i* gives ! ri* effect ( copp] %ea?+ & is mo/ pleas+ to ! arti/ic eye4 ,a cross-section ( ! batt5s we recomm5d are giv5 "h4 ,p>oid c be laid m rapidly :5 batt5s are us$1 & en\gh labor is sav$ to pay = ! slight extra co/ ( ! batt5s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eb4 ,,side ,,elevation4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ec--,ornam5tal batt5s4 ,! same idea may be c>ri$ out on ! sides ( all k9ds ( build+s1 & especially f>m & p\ltry build+s1 at a less exp5se ?an clapbo>ds & %+les4 ,p>9e ,pa9t1 :i* is made especially = ,p>oid ,ro(+1 is a d>k br[n & produces v neat results4 ,p>oid "o-ply is ! be/ weight = ! sides & we w\ld recomm5d two-ply = ! ro(4 ,?is dairy b>n is spread out ext5sively1 in/ead ( be+ built up into ! air1 ! front be+ eighty feet long by tw5ty-six feet wide1 & !re be+ two w+s tw5ty feet wide ext5d+ =w>d ?irty-two feet1 enclos+ ?ree sides ( a quadrangle4 ,a dairy room is set out 9 re> ( ! end conta9+ ! p5s & y>ds = ! bulls1 & is connect$ ) ! c[ /able by a cov]$ walk2 ?is semi-deta*$ dairy room avoids hav+ ! /able odors contam9at+ ! milk1 & aids to cleanl9ess ( dairy ut5sils by ample equipm5t = wa%+ & refrig]at+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ed4 ,,fir/ ,,floor ,,plan4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ee4 ,,second ,,floor ,,plan4 ,! second floor ( ! ma9 build+ is utiliz$ = hay & gra9 /orage1 & 9 "o end are rooms = ! /ablem51 includ+ a ba?-room2 ?is latt] is a mo/ important adjunct ( a good dairy /able1 x hav+ be5 demon/rat$ t facilities = cleanness promotes cleanness1 & absolute cleanness ( m51 animals1 & all ut5sils is dem&$ 9 ! up-to-date dairy4 ,a ,,suburban ,,/able ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ef--;,a suburban /able4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eg--;,gr\nd plan4 ,! small] /able1 design$ = a mode/ suburban resid5ce1 or c\ntry summ] home1 gives space = a pair ( horses & ?ree or f\r c[s4 ,x is plann$ to be built fifty-?ree feet long by ?irty-?ree feet wide1 ! end be+ plann$ to be ! front1 ) a drive-way onto ! ma9 floor 9 ! front4 ,! hay is pit*$ into ! /orage l(t ?r\gh a trap-door 9 ! ceil+1 or1 z "s might pref]1 a hay-door c\ld be set 9 place ( ! w9d[ ov] ! drive-way doors4 ,! dorm] w9d[s & ornam5tal cupola comb9e ) ! copp] %ea?+ effect ( ! ,p>oid-cov]$ ro( to make a mo/ attractive /able build+ & at comp>atively mod]ate co/4 ,if x 0 desir$ ?is plan c\ld be alt]$ to give a m roomy hay-l(t by add+ ei!r two or ?ree feet to ! l5g? ( ! po/s1 & correspond+ly flatt5+ ! ro(1 c>ry+ ! dorm]s v ne>ly out to ! eaves4 ,! add$ height ( ! po/s c\ld be add$ to ! height ( ! /able1 keep+ ! ro(s z /eep z at pres5t1 if pref]r$1 b x is "o ( ! _m advantages ( ,p>oid cov]+ = a ro( t ! ro( ne$ h b slight pit*1 :5 a %all[ pit* is desir$4 ,! gr\nd plan c be arrang$ diff]5tly2 an improvem5t might be to place ! h>ness room :]e a calf-p5 is indicat$1 mak+ ! space ga9$ into a clo!s & wa%-room = ! /ableman4 ,a ,,plank-,,frame ,,b>n ,! plank-frame b>n has be5 v popul> 9 sev]al sections ( ! c\ntry2 ! consid]able sav+ 9 lumb] & ease ( build+ recomm5d+ x to practical m54 ,less m5 & "t are requir$ to build "o ( ^! b>ns2 !y are /rong]1 ! excell5t 8brac+0 ( ! frame mak+ !m effective to /& ! pressure ( hay & gra9 )9 or /rong w9ds )\t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eh--;,a plank-frame b>n4 ,9 "s sections a solid frame f\ndation is us$1 9 ,ma9e ! entire /ructure is ( plank2 ! b>ns are built ei!r ) or )\t basem5t1 accord+ to ! ta/e ( ! own]4 ,a good1 firmly built /one & cem5t f\ndation is advisable2 ) ?is f\ndation to re/ ! plank ^u ! frame is rais$4 ,d n be sp>+ ( spikes1 !y are an ess5tial feature4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ei--;,cross-section4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fj--;,gr\nd plan4 ,no sills are us$1 & ! upright /uds take ! place ( po/s4 ,two = ea* po/ are set on ! f\ndation on ea* side1 betwe5 ^! is plac$ & spik$ ! cross-plank1 :i* ext5ds ! wid? ( ! b>n & ties ! two sides toge!r4 ,! scantl+s on ea* side ( b>n floor1 =m+ c5t] po/s1 are !n rais$ & spik$ 9 place4 ,^u outside ( ea* upright is spik$ a plank ( same size z1 & p>allel )1 ! fir/ cross-plank2 ?is gives ?ree #b #h's = cross sills ?r\gh c5t] ( b>n1 ea* jo9t or b& be+ fix$ 9 ?is way4 ,end jo9ts1 us+ bo>ds in/ead ( plank on outside1 give ! b$work ( ! b>n4 ,at ! sides1 betwe5 uprights 9 place ( sill1 a plank is firmly spik$2 ?is holds ! uprights firmly 9 place & prev5ts work+ sideways1 :ile ! ?or\ghly spik$ cross planks prev5t all movem5t 9 o!r directions4 ,"s b>ns are bo>d$ diagonally1 "s horizontally2 bo? me?ods give excell5t satisfaction4 ,_m ( ^! b>ns are built ) a hip-ro(1 z 9 ! illu/ration giv51 & ^! give a great am\nt ( /orage room 9 ! l(t4 ,! /eep] s+le-slope ro( gives equally good results1 looks well1 & is a little m economical to build4 ,p>oid on ro( & sides make x w9d & wat]pro(4 ,a ,,practical ,,%eep ,,%$ 7,,f ,a ,,wiscons9 ,,f>m-,,in/itute ,,bullet97 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fa--,p]spective ( %$s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fb--;,frame plan4 ,x is 9 ! nature ( %eep to dislike dampness4 ,9 ! pa/ure !y w fold at night always on ! high & dry elevations4 ,9 select+ ! site ( a %eep %$ ^! facts %\ld det]m9e ! *oice ( a site t is dra9$ & dry ?r\gh\t ! ye>4 ,dryness is "o ( ! ess5tials ( a good f\ndation = a heal?y %$2 second only to ?is 9 importance is ! v5tilation4 ,w>m1 close %$s mean ! d[nfall ( ! %eep t are fold$ 9 !m4 ,a %eep is w>m 9 body1 z its blood temp]ature is high1 & !n ! nature ( ! fleece is su* z to be v ret5tive ( ! body's heat4 ,! cause ( mo/ failures to keep %eep pr(itably has be5 f h\s+ !m 9 w>m1 close build+s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fc--;,gr\nd plan4 ,closely connect$ ) ! "q ( v5tilation is ! size ( ! %$4 ,! am\nt ( room requir$ by a %eep w v>y consid]ably1 rang+ f t5 squ>e feet = ! ,m]9o & ,s\?d[n to fifte5 squ>e feet = ! l>g] bre$s1 includ+ ! ,cotswolds & l>g] ,d[ns4 ,x is n advisable to cr[d bre$+ ewes into a small area4 ,! cr[d+ is mo/ injuri\s :5 x results f re/rict$ room at ! fe$+ rack & :5 x occurs ?r\gh n>r[ doors4 ,a bre$+ ewe weigh+ "o hundr$ & fifty p\nds w require fully "o & "o-qu>t] feet ( space at ! fodd] rack4 ,a desirable attribute ( a %$ is ! entrance ( sunlight2 ?is p>ticul>ly enc\rages ! gr[? ( ! lambs1 & x is to !m t ! %$ w d ! mo/ good4 ,to fur!r ! entrance ( sunlight ! w9d[s %\ld be high] ?an !y are wide1 :i* w mat]ially assi/ 9 diffus+ ! rays ov] ! greate/ am\nt ( inside space4 ,9 addition to ^! a %$ %\ld be l>ge en\gh to supply /orage space = suffici5t fodd] to fe$ ! %eep :ile !y mu/ be %elt]$4 ,e/imat+ t a ton ( hay requires five hundr$ cubic feet1 & t a %eep w n eat ov] ?ree p\nds ( hay p] day1 x w\ld require ab\t "o hundr$ & tw5ty-five cubic feet ( space to conta9 ! hay ne$$ to ma9ta9 a %eep dur+ six mon?s4 ,!re %\ld also be room available = a root cell> & = ! /orage ( /raw4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fd4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fe4 ,rack = inside fe$+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ff4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fg4 ,rack = outside fe$+4 ,! plan "h giv5 is ( a build+ =ty feet wide & sixty feet long4 ,x has two /ories1 ! fir/ be+ n9e feet high & ! second six feet f ! floor to ! eaves4 ,x is advisable to make ! height ( ! l[] /ory n9e feet to secure ! be/ results 9 v5tilation4 ,! sills are six by eight in*es1 re/+ pref]ably on /one f\ndation1 & if set on po/s !y %\ld be heavi]4 ,! gr\nd bo? on ! inside & outside %\ld come close to ! sills1 s t no ob/ruction is (f]$ by ! sills to ! free passage ( ! %eep ?r\gh ! doors4 ,! doors are all f\r feet wide1 & ^? t are us$ by ! %eep %\ld be slid+2 ! w9d[s are ?ree feet wide & f\r & "o-half feet high4 ,9 ! c5t] ( ! %eep ap>tm5t !re are d\ble doors t5 feet wide4 ,:5 bo? are op5$ & ! c5t] po/ remov$ a wagon c be driv5 ?r\gh to remove ! manure f ! p5s4 ,! arrangem5t ( ! l[] floor has be5 adju/$ s z to give ! %eep ! smalle/ am\nt ( space & yet h easily accessible fe$ racks t w\ld give suffici5t room to ! %eep = fe$+4 ,! fe$ racks are all p]man5t1 z !re is no necessity = _! removal1 & !y =m a wall = ! passage way :i* runs ?r\gh ! c5t]4 ,9 ?is way x is easy to put hay 9 !m1 & x is v easy to put gra9 into ! tr\ghs 9 front ( !m4 ,z w be se5 9 ! gr\nd plan !re are two *utes at ea* end1 d[n :i* ! hay is ?r[n f ! l(t4 ,f :]e x falls x is easily di/ribut$ into all ! racks4 ,,hog ,,h\ses 7,,adapt$ ,,f ,,bullet9 ,,no4 #aji4 ,,ill9ois ,,exp]im5t ,,/ation47 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fh--;,individual hog h\se4 ,individual ,h\ses4--,individual hog h\ses1 or 8cots10 z !y are sometimes call$1 are built 9 _m diff]5t ways4 ,"s are built ) f\r upright walls & a %$ ro(1 ea* ( :i* 7! walls & ro(7 be+ a sep>ate piece c easily be tak5 d[n & replac$1 mak+ ! mov+ ( ^! small h\ses to ano!r location an easy matt]4 ,o!rs are built ) two sides slop+ 9 t[>ds ! top s z to =m ! ro(1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #fh4 ,^! are built on skids & :5 necess>y c be mov$ z a :ole by be+ drawn by a horse4 ,!y are built 9 sev]al diff]5t /yles3 "s h a w9d[ 9 ! front end above ! door1 :ile all may h a small door 9 ! re> end1 ne> ! apex1 = v5tilat+ purposes4 ,^! h\ses are built 9 diff]5t sizes2 inde$1 !re are ab\t z _m diff]5t =ms ( cots z !re are individuals us+ !m4 ,! argum5ts 9 favor ( ?is type ( h\se = sw9e are t ea* s[ at f>r[+ "t may be kept alone & away f all di/urbance2 t ea* litt] ( pigs may be kept & f$ by itself1 consequ5tly !re w n be too l>ge a numb] ( pigs 9 a common lot2 t ^! h\ses may be plac$ at ! f>!r end ( ! fe$ lot1 ?us compell+ ! s[ & pigs to take ex]cise1 especially 9 w9t]1 :5 !y come to ! fe$ tr\gh at ! front end ( ! lot2 t ! dang] ( spread+ disease among a h]d is at a m9imum2 & 9 case ! place occupi$ by ! cot becomes unsanit>y x may be remov$ to a clean location4 ,l>ge ,h\ses4--,individual hog h\ses h c]ta9 advantages 9 _! favor1 & l>ge h\ses1 if prop]ly plann$ & built1 h _m po9ts ( advantage2 among !m be+ good sanitation1 s]viceability1 safety 9 f>r[+1 ease 9 h&l+ hogs1 & l>ge pa/ures involv+ little exp5se = f5ces4 ,9 ord] to be sanit>y a hog h\se %\ld admit ! direct rays ( ! sun to ! floor ( all ! p5s & exclude cold drafts 9 w9t]1 be dry1 free f du/1 well v5tilat$1 & exclude ! hot sun dur+ ! summ]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fi--,l>ge hog h\se4 ,! illu/rations %[ a hog h\se built ) ?is purpose 9 view4 ,! build+ is "o hundr$ & tw5ty feet long by ?irty feet wide1 & has an eight-foot alley runn+ l5g?wise ?r\gh ! middle1 betwe5 ! two r[s ( p5s4 ,x /&s l5g?wise ea/ & we/ ) ! w9d[s on ! s\? side1 ! w9d[s be+ s plac$ t at noon ( ! %orte/ day ( ! ye>1 ! rays ( sunlight pass+ ?r\gh ! upp] "p w fall ^u ! floor ( ! s\? side p5 on ! opposite side f ! w9d[4 ,?is all[s ! total am\nt ( light com+ ?r\gh ! w9d[ at ?is season ( ! ye> & at ?is "t ( ! day to fall ^u ! floor )9 ! p52 consequ5tly1 dur+ ! latt] w9t] mon?s1 !re w be a maximum am\nt ( sunlight on ! floor ( ! p52 ! w9d[ 9 ! upp] "p ( ! build+ p]=ms ! same function = ! p5 on ! nor? side ( ! alley4 ,by ?is arrangem5t ( w9d[s !re is possible a maximum am\nt ( sunlight on ! floor ( ! p5s 9 w9t]1 :i* w s]ve to w>m ! int]ior ( ! h\se1 & especially ! b$s1 dur+ ! latt] mon?s ( w9t]1 ?us mak+ x possible to h pigs f>r[$ v e>ly 9 ! season4 ,sunlight n only w>ms & dries ! build+1 b de/roys disease g]ms1 ?us mak+ ! build+ bo? w>m & sanit>y4 ,! upp] w9d[1 :i* ?r[s light into ! p5 on ! nor? side is long1 & ?is necessitates a flat ro( = ! "p ( ! build+ s\? ( ! alley1 :i* mu/ necess>ily be cov]$ ) "s mat]ial1 su* z ,p>oid ,ro(+1 t w %$ wat] at a slight pit*4 ,dryness %\ld be secur$ by ?or\gh dra9age1 fre$om f du/ by spr9kl+ ) wat]1 & ! direct sunlight %\ld be prev5t$ f ent]+ ! p5s dur+ ! hot "p ( ! summ] days2 ?is is done by ! mann] ( con/ruct+ ! build+--! l[] w9d[ is %ad$ by ! eaves & ! rays pass+ ?r\gh ! upp] w9d[s fall ^u ! floor ( ! alley4 ,9 ord] to be mo/ s]viceable a hog h\se %\ld be con/ruct$ s t x c be us$ e day 9 ! ye>4 ,9 ord] to be an economiz] ( labor ! h\se %\ld be plann$ s t ! l>ge/ am\nt ( "w may be p]=m$ ) ! smalle/ am\nt ( labor1 :i*1 ) ! pres5t sc>city ( labor1 is a v important factor4 ,f>r[+ p5s %\ld be suppli$ ) f5d]s1 :i* prev5t ! s[s cru%+ ! pigs1 & %\ld be built s ! att5dant may l5d assi/ance1 if necess>y1 ) bo? conv5i5ce & safety4 ,by hav+ all ! hogs "u "o ro( h&l+ becomes simpl]1 & 9 case ( bad wea!r mu* m conv5i5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gj--;,gr\nd plan4 ,! alley ?r\gh ! middle ( ! build+ is eight feet wide2 ?is p]mits driv+ ?r\gh ! build+ ) a wagon1 :i* all[s ! b$d+ to be haul$ directly to ! p5s1 & ! manure to be load$ on ! wagon directly f ! p5s & haul$ to ! fields4 ,! p5s are t5 feet wide & elev5 feet deep4 ,ea* p5 has a slide door op5+ to ! outside1 & a door op5+ to ! alley2 ! latt] is hung s t :5 x is op5$ x w turn ! pigs t[>ds ! front end ( ! h\se1 = weigh+1 etc4 ,x also p]mits *ang+ pigs f "o p5 to ano!r1 & gives easy access to ! att5dant4 ,! tr\gh is plac$ on ! side ( ! p5 next ! alley1 & a sw++ panel above ! tr\gh1 %[n 9 ! illu/ration ( ! int]ior1 makes fe$+ a v easy & conv5i5t op]ation4 ,! 8f5d]0 is %[n 9 ! gr\nd plan1 & consi/s ( a two-in* iron pipe plac$ on po/s ( ! same set 9 concrete 9 ! floor4 ,?is f5d] %\ld be plac$ eight or n9e in*es above ! floor & ab\t six in*es f ! wall1 x is to prev5t ! s[s cru%+ ! pigs at f>r[+ "t2 ! s[ w necess>ily make h] b$ 9 ?is corn] z ! o!r ?ree corn]s are occupi$1 two ( !m by doors & ! o!r ! fe$ tr\gh4 ,!re is a f\r-in* dra9 tile laid f ea* p5 to ! ma9 l9es on ei!r side1 :i* are plac$ on ! outside ( ! p5s1 lead+ (f d[n ! rav9e4 ,! tile op5s up ?r\gh ! floor ( ! p5s by means ( a p]=at$ iron disk1 :i* is laid 9 ! bell-end ( a l5g? ( sew] pipe4 ,! floor is made to slope t[>d ! dra9 s t x c be flu%$ ) wat]4 ,all ! gates & p>titions ( ! int]ior are made ( wire nett+ panels4 ,wire is bett] ?an lumb] = ?is purpose1 = sev]al reasons4 ,!y are no ob/ruction to light1 ! rays ( light com+ ?r\gh ! w9d[s are n cut (f f rea*+ ! floor1 :]e !y are mo/ ne$$2 !y keep ! floor & b$d+ w>m & dis9fect$4 ,9 case ! hog h\se %\ld become infect$ ) disease g]ms x c be flu%$ out & dis9fect$ mu* m easily & ?or\ghly4 ,wire p>titions all[ ! hogs always to be 9 sight ( ea* o!r & ( ! att5dant4 ,by ?is means ! s[s1 :5 !y are %ut up to f>r[1 w n become e/rang$ f "o ano!r1 & w n be s likely to fight aft] return+ to a common pa/ure4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ga--,l>ge hog h\se--int]ior4 ,a hog h\se built & op]at$ accord+ to ! above outl9$ plan makes x possible to p]=m a maximum am\nt ( "w ) a m9imum am\nt ( labor1 & to put ! pigs on ! m>ket at seasons ( ! ye> t are out ( ! ord9>y2 x c be expect$ t pigs ?us m>ket$ w sell = high] prices ?an ^? t are m>ket$ along ) ! g5]al supply4 ,! ,"q ( ,space4--,a "q :i* mo/ frequ5tly comes to ! front is3 8,h[ mu* room is requir$ = a horse1 c[1 h51 etc480 & !re is no "o "q ab\t :i* !re is great] diff]5ce ( op9ion4 ,a good size ( horse /all is f\r feet wide by n9e feet long1 & a good size ( c[ /all is ?ree feet wide by five feet long2 ( c\rse ^! dim5sions tak+ no acc\nt ( gutt]-space at re> ( /alls = cat*+ ! manure4 ,ano!r good dairyman w tell u t he wants 8 c[ /alls f\r feet wide1 & w pres5t /rong argum5ts 9 favor ( ! great] am\nt ( room2 x is obvi\s t tw5ty-five p] c5t4 increase ( wid? ( /alls decid$ly increases ! space-co/ p] c[4 ,! be/ te/imony1 h[ev]1 is 9 favor ( be+ lib]al 9 space1 z1 = example1 is said ab\t ! %eep %$s3 8,cr[d+ is mo/ injuri\s :5 x results f re/rict$ room at ! fe$+ rack & :5 x occurs ?r\gh n>r[ doors4 ,a bre$+ ewe weigh+ "o hundr$ & fifty p\nds w require fully "o & "o-qu>t] feet ( space at ! fodd] rack40 ,! same sugge/ion applies to floor space p] h54 ,x has be5 demon/rat$ t x is unpr(itable to cr[d f[ls too mu*1 & well kn[n writ]s h urg$ t t5 squ>e feet ( floor space be giv5 to ea* bird2 9 practice1 h[ev]1 v mu* less space p] bird gives good results 9 heal? ( flocks & av]age egg-product4 ,9 ! scrat*+-%$ plan ( h\se1 on pages #ah & #ai1 ! floor space is recomm5d$ z sev5 & "o-fif? squ>e feet p] bird ) tw5ty-five f[ls ( ! ,am]ican v>ieties p] p51 & six squ>e feet ea* ) ?irty birds ( "o ( ! ,m$it]ranean v>ieties p] p54 ,9 ! ,g[ell ,p\ltry ,f>m h\se1 on pages #af & #ag1 f\r squ>e feet ( floor space is allott$ to ea* bird1 & x is ! plan !re to keep ! birds :olly conf9$ to ! p5s = ! five cold mon?s4 ,^! illu/rations %[ t !re is wide range 9 actual practice1 b we believe x is wise to all[ at lea/ five to six squ>e feet ( floor space to ea* f[l4 ,,p>oid ,,ro(+ ,illu/ration3 ,p>tial ,view ( ,our ,mills on ! ,neponset ,riv] at ,ea/ ,walpole1 ,mass4 ,p>oid is ,made f ,/>t to ,f9i% ,"r 9 ,our ,own ,mills4 ,our products are = ! man :o is plann+ new build+s1 or ab\t to make repairs to old ones2 & we h tri$ to tell 9 ! foll[+ p>agraphs h[ ea* "o ( our mat]ials is p>ticul>ly adapt$ to ! diff]5t k9ds ( "w = :i* x is made4 ,our claims are bas$ on actual exp]i5ces & if y are 9 ! m>ket = ro(+ or %ea?+ pap]s1 y w f9d t our mat]ials w save y money4 ,fir/ ( all1 we are go+ to tell y ab\t our ,p>oid ,ro(+1 because ! ro( is "o ( ! mo/ important p>ts ( e build+4 ,if x is n "r1 !re is no end ( tr\ble4 ,,! ,,difficulties ,,( ,,*oos+ ,a ,,good ,,ro(4 ,!re are ab\t ?irty diff]5t br&s ( ready ro(+1 & = mo/ ( !m ! same claims are made4 ,"u ^? conditions1 h[ are y go+ to *oose ! "o t w prove mo/ economical = y8 ,!re is only "o te/ t w tell1 & t is ! te/ ( "t4 ,( c\rse y c't make t te/ y\rself1 b x is = y\r int]e/s to f9d out if o!rs h made x & = h[ long4 ,! mo/ economical ro(+ is n ! "o t co/s y ! lea/ p] roll :5 y buy x1 b ! ro(+ t co/s y lea/ p] ye> ( s]vice4 ,we are go+ to tell y "h ! mo/ important facts ab\t ,p>oid2 h[ x comp>es ) %+les1 metal & o!r k9ds ( ready ro(+1 & !n y c be y\r own judge4 ,,p>oid vs4 ,,t9 ,,& ,,iron ,,ro(s4 ,! be/ quality ( t91 iron & /eel ro(+s co/ mu* m ?an ,p>oid at ! />t1 & !n !re is always ! additional co/ ( pa9t+ ea* ye>4 ,9 spite ( all y c d1 a metal ro( w ru/ out & spr+ leaks :i* _c be p]man5tly repair$4 ,p>oid _c ru/2 x co/s less ?an metal ro(s :5 y buy x1 & less to apply4 ,anyone c lay ,p>oid4 ,"o example t proves ! sup]iority ( ,p>oid ov] metal ro(s 0 %[n :5 ! ,*icago ,nor?we/]n ,railroad1 :o _h tri$ diff]5t k9ds ( ro(+ on _! ,*icago tra9 %$s1 includ+ a good t9 ro(1 us$ ,p>oid :5 ! t9 ro( fail$4 ,! ,p>oid ,ro(+ is /ill 9 good condition4 ,,p>oid vs4 ,,%+les4 ,if y h rec5tly ask$ y\r lumb] deal] = a price on %+les1 y are probably look+ = a sub/itute because ( ! exorbitant price ask$ = !m4 ,lumb] is sc>ce ev]y:]e1 & %+les are gr[+ poor] 9 quality & high] 9 price e day4 ,! te/ ( "t has prov$ t ,p>oid is ! real sub/itute = %+les1 & x has _m advantages :i* %+les d n h4 ,figure ?is out = y\rself4 ,! fir/ co/ ( ,p>oid is less ?an t ( a m$ium grade ( %+les4 ,y c lay ,p>oid y\rself & x requires an exp]i5c$ man to lay %+les4 ,%+les cat* fire easily1 :ile ,p>oid is practically firepro( aga9/ sp>ks1 c9d]s & emb]s4 ,read :at a l>ge lumb] deal] 9 ,ma9e says ab\t ! comp>ative co/ ( %+les & ,p>oid ,ro(+4 ,he is "r 9 ! he>t ( ! %+le belt1 & naturally ! diff]5ce is n s great z 9 o!r sections ( ! c\ntry :]e %+les are n s pl5tiful4 ,illu/ration3 ,colony *ick5 h\ses on f>m ( ,g4 ,m4 ,g[ell1 ( ! ,ma9e ,agricultural ,exp]im5t ,/ation1 ,orono1 ,ma9e4 ,! ro(s are cov]$ ) ,,p>oid1 sides ) ,,neponset4 ,see plans & description on page #ag4 ,"o-ply ,p>oid1 :i* is usually heavy en\gh = ! ro( & sides ( mo/ f>m & p\ltry build+s1 w save y at lea/ #ce ov] ! co/ ( %+les4 ,"h are ! figures %[+ ! comp>ative co/ ( "o-ply ,p>oid & ,b4 ,c4 ,c$> ,%+les4 ,cle> c$> %+les p] squ>e #c4aj #d lbs4 nails at #c p] lb4 4#ab ,av]age co/ ( c>p5t] labor #a4be #d4dg ------ ,co/ p] squ>e foot #de #a-ply ,p>oid p] squ>e #b4ej ,lay+ 4#ce #b4he ------ ,co/ p] squ>e foot #bh ,lumb] deal]s all ov] ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,canada :o previ\sly sold %+les exclusively1 n[ sell l>ge quantities ( ,p>oid ,ro(+4 ,t tells ! :ole /ory4 ,9 ! core ( ea* roll ( ,p>oid suffici5t nails1 ru/-pro( caps1 cem5t1 & complete directions = apply+ are pack$4 ,y c lay x y\rself ) a hamm] & knife4 ,"o-ply ,p>oid1 co/+ ab\t "o half z mu* z %+les1 is heavy en\gh = mo/ f>m & p\ltry build+s4 ,= b>ns1 /ables1 & o!r l>ge build+s we recomm5d two-ply1 :i* is heavi] & ?ick]4 ,,p>oid vs4 ,,o!r ,,ready ,,ro(+s ,!re are c]ta9 qualities t all ready ro(+s mu/ h1 b ! important "q is1 ,h[ long d !y keep ^! qualities8 ,we h made our /ory %ort1 b at ! same "t complete en\gh1 s t y c be y\r own judge :5 y comp>e our claims = ,p>oid ) ! claims ( o!r manufactur]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,a hog h\se on a ,v]mont f>m1 cov]$ ) ,,p>oid4 ,,ready ,,ro(+ ,,exp]i5ce4 ,y h probably read ! adv]tisem5ts ( "s manufactur]s :o claim t because !y h _h fifty to "o hundr$ ye>s' exp]i5ce 79 "s bus9ess or o!r71 t !y make ! be/ ready ro(+4 ,we h be5 mak+ felt1 pap] & ro(+ mat]ials "h 9 our own mills = ne>ly "o hundr$ ye>s 7e/abli%$ 9 #ahag7 b ,,we ,,refuse ,,to ,,claim t ! l5g? ( "t we h be5 e/abli%$ has any?+ to d ) ! real m]it ( ,p>oid ,ro(+4 ,x %[s only t we h _h ! "r k9d ( exp]i5ce4 ,we ma9ta9 t ! te/ ( "t is ! only real te/ ( a ro(+4 ,p>oid has /ood ?is te/4 ,illu/ration3 ,p>oid cov]s ! ,plant ,indu/ry ,build+s1 ,u4 ,s4 ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,,! ,,old ,,cry ,,( ,,! ,,imitators4 ,mo/ manufactur]s w>n y aga9/ 8imitations0 ( _! 8g5u9e0 ready ro(+4 ,inve/igate1 & y'll f9d t ! imitators !mselves are ! fir/ to talk ab\t imitations4 ,! "q ( imitations has no?+ to d ) ! m]its ( a p>ticul> ro(+4 ,"s imitations are (t5 bett] ?an ! orig9als2 b !re is only "o way to prove x--! te/ ( "t is ! te/ t tells4 ,p>oid has /ood ?is te/4 ,,p>oid ,,is ,,made ,,bett] ,,?an ,,o!r ,,ready ,,ro(+s4 ,!re are ?ree important ?+s t ent] into ! manufacture ( ready ro(+2 namely1 ! felt1 saturation & ! coat+4 ,we make ! felt = ,p>oid ,ro(+ 9 our own mills because we c\ld n entru/ to o!rs ! mak+ ( ! mo/ important "p ( ,p>oid4 ,if ! felt is n "r ! ro(+ w n be4 ,d n run risks4 ,buy y\r ro(+ f manufactur]s :o make _! own felt4 ,,saturation ,,& ,,coat+4 ,! /rong1 well-made ,p>oid ,ro(+ felt is soak$1 n m]ely dipp$1 9 a comp\nd ( our own1 r5d]+ e fibre ( x absolutely pro( aga9/ wat]1 cold & heat4 ,! felt is !n giv5 a ?ick]1 smoo!r & m pliable coat+ ?an t on any o!r ready ro(+4 ,comp>e samples & y w see & feel ! diff]5ce4 ,x is m flexible 9 cold1 & x w n melt or run 9 ! heat4 ,x is m sightly1 & lays easi] & smoo!r ?an any o!r ready ro(+4 ,illu/ration3 ,ro( ( ,brood] h\se1 cov]$ ) ,,p>oid1 ,:ite ,leghorn ,p\ltry ,y>ds1 ,wat]ville1 ,n4 ,y4 ,see plan & description on page #ab4 ,,we ,,7 ,,! ,,orig9ators ,,( ,,! ,,complete ,,ro(+ ,,kit ,inside ( ea* roll ( ,p>oid is pack$ cem5t1 nails1 ru/-pro( caps1 & complete directions = apply+4 ,anyone c lay ,p>oid & get good results if ! directions are c>efully foll[$4 ,,our ,,pat5t$ ,,ru/ ,,ret>d+ ,,caps ,p>oid is ! only ready ro(+ suppli$ ) ru/ ret>d+ caps = apply+ ! ro(+ to a build+4 ,!y are squ>e1 & !re=e1 h m b9d+ surface ?an ! ord9>y r\nd caps4 ,! nails are also coat$ ) a ru/ ret>d+ prep>ation4 ,illu/ration3 ,l>ge/ /ock b>n on ! l>ge/ /ock f>m 9 ,m9nesota4 ,eight hundr$ squ>es ( ,,p>oid put on ro( ( ?is b>n by ! f>m h&s !mselves4 ,,p>oid ,,= ,,f>m ,,& ,,p\ltry ,,build+s ,p>oid is adapt$ to all k9ds ( build+s & especially f>m & p\ltry build+s4 ,x makes a build+ w>m] 9 w9t] & cool] 9 summ] ?an o!r k9ds ( ro(+4 ,x w n ta9t ra9 wat] & is n affect$ by gases & fumes4 ,,p>oid ,,= ,,sid+ ,! next "t y put up a p\ltry h\se1 %$1 or o!r f>m build+1 lay ,p>oid on ! ro( y\rself1 & !n apply x to ! sides ) batt5s4 ,y w be surpris$ at ! neat effect x gives1 & x is m economical ?an clapbo>ds & %+les4 ,,our ,,gu>antee ,y run no risks :5 y buy ,p>oid4 ,e roll is sold on ?is gu>antee4 ,buy a roll ( ,p>oid2 op5 x2 exam9e x2 apply x to y\r ro(2 & !n1 if y are n satisfi$ t y h ! be/ ready ro(+ on ! m>ket1 s5d u y\r "n & address & we w s5d y a *eck = ! full am\nt y h paid = ! ro(+1 includ+ ! co/ ( apply+ x4 ,illu/ration3 ,d4 ,j4 ,lamb]t says1 8,,p>oid is all "r20 & he kn[s4 ,our deal]s all ov] ! c\ntry :o h&le ,p>oid w also make y ?is (f]4 ,if y\r deal] does n c>ry ,p>oid 9 /ock1 s5d u y\r ord] & *eck or money ord] direct4 ,we w pay ! freight4 ,illu/ration3 ,bird's-eye ,view ( ,egg ,plant4 ,w4 ,h>ry ,ow5's ,f>m1 ,v9ey>d ,hav51 ,mass4 ,all build+s are cov]$ ) ,,p>oid4 ,,prices ,y c pay mo/ any price = a ready ro(+1 &1 l ev]y?+ else1 y get z mu* quality z y pay =4 ,p>oid may co/ m ?an o!r ready ro(+s ! day y buy x1 b x is less exp5sive aft] x is appli$ to y\r ro(1 because x w la/ long]4 ,we ma9ta9 t ! te/ ( "t is ! te/ t tells1 & ,p>oid has /ood t te/4 ,don't make a mi/ake & buy a ro(+ t w g to pieces 9 a %ort "t4 ,if y w\ld save money1 *oose ! ro(+ t la/s ! longe/4 ,,price ,,li/ ,p>oid ,ro(+1 #a-ply1 #b4ej p] squ>e 7#ajj sq4 ft474 ,p>oid ,ro(+1 #b-ply1 #c4ej p] squ>e 7#ajj sq4 ft474 ,^! prices include extra ro(+ = laps & nails1 ru/-pro( caps1 cem5t1 & directions = apply+4 ,illu/ration3 ,mead[ ,brook ,f>m p\ltry plant1 ,dallas1 ,pa4 ,ro(s are cov]$ ) ,,p>oid4 ,illu/ration3 ,monm\? ,p\ltry ,f>m1 ,fr5eau1 ,n4 ,j4 ,ro( cov]$ ) ,,p>oid4 ,,amboy1 ,,ill41 ,dec4 #bi1 #aije4 ,f4 ,w4 ,,bird ,,son1 ,*icago1 ,ill4 ,please s5d me y\r up-to-date p\ltry & f>m build+ plans4 ,i use ,p>oid1 & c f9d no equal4 ,i am go+ to build a hog h\se1 & w cov] x ) ,p>oid4 ,y\rs respectfully1 ,f4 ,m4 ,,bl[]s4 ,aug4 #ae1 #aije4 ,,messrs4 ,f4 ,w4 ,,bird ,,son1 ,ea/ ,walpole1 ,mass4 ,g5tlem53 ,( ?ree k9ds ( pap] us$ ?is season on my bee hive cov]s1 y\r ,p>oid has giv5 su* satisfaction t ,i w\ld use no?+ else 9 future4 ,y\rs respectfully1 ,e4 ,h4 ,,dewey4 ,great ,b>r+ton1 ,mass4 ,,akron1 ,,ohio1 ,june #aa1 #aijf4 ,f4 ,w4 ,,bird ,,son1 ,*icago1 ,ill4 ,g5tlem53 ,enclos$ y w f9d ! slip t ,i receiv$ f y fill$ out ) my address & a two-c5t /amp1 = :i* please s5d me ! book 8,practical ,f>m ,build+s10 & oblige4 ,9 reg>d to y\r ,p>oid ,ro(+ w say t x is ! be/ t ,i h se5 to date1 = durability1 eas9ess to lay1 & its we>+ qualities4 ,i h us$ x on my p\ltry build+s = ! la/ t5 ye>s1 & if occasion dem&s t ,i %all ne$ any m ro(+ = any additional p\ltry build+s ,,p>oid x %all be4 ,s hop+ to receive ! book z soon z conv5i5t = y to s5d x1 ,i rema91 ,y\rs respectfully1 ,,paul ,c4 ,,bork4 #cdc ,hickory ,/4 ,illu/ration3 ,,p>oid cov]s a ,v]mont b>n & silo4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,l>ge/ ,duck ,f>m 9 ! ,_w4 ,duck bre$+ h\se1 ro( & sides cov]$ ) ,,p>oid1 ,web] ,bros41 ,pondville1 ,mass4 ,illu/ration3 ,will[ ,brook ,f>m1 ,b]l91 ,conn4 ,all p\ltry build+s are cov]$ ) ,,p>oid4 ,see te/imonial bel[4 ,,b]l91 ,,conn41 ,jan4 #bd1 #aijf4 ,f4 ,w4 ,,bird ,,son1 ,ea/ ,walpole1 ,mass4 ,de> ,sirs3 ,we f9d y\r ,p>oid ro(+ pap] ! v be/ we h ev] us$4 ,we h ?\s&s ( visitors :o are look+ = in=mation 9 reg>d to ro(+ pap] ea* ye>1 & 9 ea* & e in/ance we recomm5d y\r ro(+ pap]4 ,we h done ?is because we ?9k x is ! be/ out1 & w take pleasure 9 recomm5d+ x 9 ! future4 ,v truly y\rs1 ,,will[ ,,brook ,,f>m4 ,illu/ration3 ,pigeonry on ,jordan's ,hackney ,/ud ,f>m1 ,plym\?1 ,mass4 ,cov]$ ) ,,p>oid4 ,illu/ration3 ,r\nd ,h\se ( ! ,new ,york ,c5tral ,hudson ,riv] ,railroad1 ne> ,high ,bridge1 ,n4 ,y4 ,,city ,,( ,,detroit1 ,,mi*41 ,,dep>tm5t ,,( ,,public ,,works1 ,m>* #bh1 #aijf4 ,f4 ,w4 ,,bird ,,son1 ,ea/ ,walpole1 ,mass4 ,g5tlem53 ,please s5d me a copy ( y\r book ( f>m & p\ltry build+ plans1 & oblige4 ,i h "o build+ cov]$ ) y\r ,p>oid1 & l x v mu*4 ,x we>s well & gives no tr\ble4 ,y\rs truly1 7,sign$7 ,,port] ,,murphy4 #hb ,p]ry ,/41 ,detroit1 ,mi*4 ,illu/ration3 ,tongue ,po9t ,lumb] ,co41 ,a/oria1 ,oregon4 ,cov]$ ) ,,p>oid4 ,illu/ration3 ,woodbury ,walk] ,block1 ,burl+ton1 ,v]mont4 ,ro($ ) ,,p>oid4 ,,neponset ,,r$ ,,rope ,,ro(+ ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,= ov] tw5ty-five ye>s ,neponset has be5 ! /&>d l[ co/ ro(+ & sid+4 ,x mu/ n be comp>$ ) t>r$ felts j because x co/s ab\t ! same4 ,neponset w usually outla/ !m ?ree to "o4 ,neponset won't run & dry out l t>r$ felts4 ,x is easi] to apply & clean] to h&le4 ,figure x out = y\rself4 ,a t>r$ felt co/+ ! same z ,neponset la/s only a few seasons4 ,neponset la/s at lea/ f five to sev5 ye>s & 9 mo/ cases long]4 ,if y are go+ to use a l[ co/ ro(+1 ,neponset w save y money4 ,neponset makes a practically p]man5t sid+1 & if ,p>oid is too exp5sive = bo? ro( & sides1 we recomm5d ,p>oid = ! ro( & ,neponset = ! sides4 ,neponset is put up 9 rolls #cf in*es wide1 conta9+1 #ajj1 #bej & #ejj squ>e feet4 ,fixtures & directions = apply+ ,neponset are pack$ inside ( ea* roll4 ,,neponset ,,black ,,wat]pro( ,,pap] is made especially = %ea?+ purposes1 b x w la/ a ye> or two on ! ro( or sides ( build+s4 ,x co/s less & is clean] to h&le ?an t>r$ felts4 ,neponset ,black is put up 9 rolls #cf in*es wide conta9+ #bej & #ejj squ>e feet4 ,,neponset ,,wat]pro( ,,%ea?+ ,,pap] ,"o ( ! mo/ important items t e h\se build] ought to consid] is t ( %ea?+ pap]s4 ,?is important "q1 unless decid$ "r1 means an additional exp5se ( _m doll>s 9 fuel ea* ye>4 ,%ea?+ pap]s are us$ to keep out cold & dampness1 b only a few fulfill _! purpose4 ,cold draughts p5etrate *eap pap]s1 & 9 a v %ort "t ^! *eap pap]s dis9tegrate & become m]e du/4 ,a good wat]pro( pap] repels dampness1 keeps out ! cold & la/s ! life ( a build+4 ,= ov] tw5ty-five ye>s ,neponset ,pap]s h be5 ! /&>d4 ,actual exp]i5ces h prov$ t ,neponset saves "o-?ird ( ! fuel requir$ to heat a h\se1 !re=e1 a big sav+ ea* ye>4 ,neponset acts z a blanket on a h\se x keeps out ! cold & keeps 9 ! heat4 ,don't lay ! f\ndations = an annual loss1 save "o-?ird ( ! money y w\ld sp5d on fuel4 ,t's :at ,neponset has done = o!rs1 x w d x = y4 ,illu/ration3 ,bird's-eye ,view ( ,*as4 ,f4 ,?ompson ,co4's ,p\ltry ,plant1 ,lynnfield ,c5tre1 ,mass4 ,see te/imonial4 ,,lynnfield ,,c5tre1 ,,mass41 ,april #c1 #aijf4 ,,messrs4 ,f4 ,w4 ,,bird ,,son1 ,ea/ ,walpole1 ,mass4 ,g5tlem53 ,reply+ to y\rs ( ! #bnd1 !re is no photograph] "h t c take views4 ,i am s5d+ y a catalogue %[+ views we h half-tone plates =4 ,if !y w d ,i c loan !m to y4 ,! orig9al photographs are lo/4 ,! long build+s %[n1 bird's-eye view are cov]$ ) ,neponset1 put on ne>ly t5 ye>s ago2 "o coat ( pa9t put on at ! "t1 no?+ done s9ce & n a leak2 appe> 9 good condition n[4 ,any?+ we c d = y let u "k4 ,,*as4 ,f4 ,,?ompson ,,co4 ,,newburgh1 ,n4 ,y41 ,april #ac?1 #aijf4 ,f4 ,w4 ,,bird ,,son1 ,ea/ ,walpole1 ,mass4 ,g5tlem53 ,y\r favor at h&4 ,samples ( leaflets only _h ,neponset on4 ,hope t y w also s5d "s ) ,p>oid z we f9d1 9 _m cases1 cu/om]s pref] to pay ! diff]5ce4 ,"o ( our ro(s1 ab\t twelve hundr$ squ>e feet1 0 cov]$ ) ,r$ ,rope "s t5 ye>s ago4 ,x _h no c>e1 b kept ,,ok4 until ?is season4 ,pretty good record = a *eap ro(4 ,y\rs v truly1 ,,! ,,newburgh ,,lumb] ,,co4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,p5nsylvania ,duck ,f>m4 ,,neponset is especially adapt$ = p\ltry h\ses4 ,,kansas ,,city1 ,nov4 #bd1 #aije4 ,,! ,,kansas ,,city ,,ro(+ ,,corrugat+ ,,co41 ,kansas ,city1 ,mo4 ,g5tlem53 ,reply+ to y\rs ( ! #bbnd in/41 we cov]$ our l>ge lumb] %$ & b>n ) ,neponset ,r$ ,rope ,ro(+ two ye>s ago ?is fall1 & pa9t$ same at once1 & to ?is day is 9 good condition & has giv5 u entire satisfaction4 ,o!r k9ds ( ro(+ :i* we paid m money = d n seem to h giv5 u ! s]vice t ?is has4 ,we ask y to k9dly advise u :at is ! be/ pa9t to repa9t ?is )1 & :i* is ! be/ season ( ! ye> to use same4 ,y\rs v truly1 ,,badg] ,,lumb] ,,co41 7,sign$7 ,l4 ,j4 ,,gilles1 ,ag5t4 ,,wayl&1 ,n4 ,y41 ,oct4 #bj1 #aijf4 ,f4 ,w4 ,,bird ,,son1 ,ea/ ,walpole1 ,mass4 ,g5tlem53 ,w y please s5d me sample ( sid+s & ro(+s1 & also prices8 ,i want to get ,neponset unless y h got some?+ bett]4 ,neponset beats any?+ ( ! k9d ,i ev] us$4 ,y\rs truly1 ,w4 ,e4 ,,m\lton4 ,illu/ration3 ,danc+ ,pavilion1 ,ea/on1 ,pa4 ,ro( is cov]$ ) ,,neponset4 ,,proslate ,,ro(+ ,,& ,,sid+ ,,pat5t$ ,,may #ac1 #aijf ,,design$ ,,especially ,,= ,,pit* ,,ro( ,,h\ses ,,& ,,= ,a ,,p]man5t ,,sid+ ,illu/ration ,,special ,,features ,,description4 ,proslate is our regul> ,p>oid ro(+ mat]ial ) an additional we>+ surface 7n a color$ coat+7 ( a mixture ( pa9t & s&1 mak+ a slate-l surface1 slate 9 color & effect4 ,proslate is an entirely new mat]ial--pat5t$4 ,,= ,,pit* ,,ro(s4 ,proslate is especially design$ to take ! place ( %+les & clapbo>ds = resid5ces4 ,attractiv5ess & economy are bo? secur$ by us+ ,proslate = pit* ro(s4 ,x is f9i%$ 9 #ah-;in* rolls1 ready to lay1 ) ornam5t$ edge4 ,proslate is appli$ 9 ! usual way--lapp$1 cem5t$ & nail$--no wa/e by excessive ov]lapp+--cem5t & fixtures ( same slate color ) complete directions = lay+ are pack$ 9 ea* roll4 ,any good c>p5t] c apply x4 ,proslate is f9i%$ 9 rolls conta9+ #abb squ>e feet1 suffici5t to cov] #ajj squ>e feet ( surface & is sold on a basis ( mat]ial en\gh to cov] #ajj squ>e feet4 ,,= ,,flat ,,ro(s ,,& ,,sid+4 ,= flat ro(s & z a sid+1 we furni% ,proslate 9 rolls #cf in*es wide1 pla9 /raight edges4 ,by ! use ( broad cleats1 a v neat effect c be made on ! sides ( h\ses4 ,proslate = a sid+ is w>m] ?an clapbo>ds or %+les4 ,x acts z a blanket4 ,,g5]al ,,use4 ,z a p]man5t all r\nd ro(1 we believe t ,proslate repres5ts ! be/ mat]ial = ! money yet made4 ,x is good en\gh = resid5ces1 factories & railroad build+s4 ,%+les are unsatisfactory & _c be us$ on flat ro(s1 por*es1 etc41 & slate is too exp5sive4 ,proslate fills e requirem5t ( a good ro(+1 well made ) an extra wea!r surface1 economical--p]man5t4 ,,florian ,,s\nd-,,dead5+ ,,felt ,?is mat]ial is us$ betwe5 floors z an insulator aga9/ s\nd4 ,x is1 )\t any exception1 ! cleane/ & mo/ effective s\nd-dead5+ felt made4 ,! corrugations make small dead air cells :5 ! felt is plac$ 9 position & ?is is consid]$ to be ! mo/ effective me?od ( dead5+ s\nd4 ,te/s h prov$ t "o %eet ( ,florian is equal to six %eets ( ord9>y dead5+ felt4 ,florian is also a good non-conductor ( fire1 heat & cold4 ,x %\ld be us$ betwe5 floors 9 e h\se to insure a well insulat$ build+4 ,,o!r ,,?+s ,,we ,,make ,we make ,neponset & ,kosat ,insulat+ ,pap]s = cold /orage "w2 ,p>9e ,pa9t1 especially = our own ro(+s1 & all k9ds ( outside "w2 ,tack1 ,screw1 & ,%oe boxes1 all k9ds ( special pap]s & pap] boxes4 ,we h _h a l>ge exp]i5ce ) all k9ds ( build+ & ro(+ con/ruction1 & if we c help y on any ( y\r problems please be sure to write u4 ,illu/ration ,f4 ,w4 ,,bird ,,son1 ,,mak]s ,,e/abli%$ #ahag ,,ea/ ,,walpole1 ,,mass4 ,,new ,,york ,,wa%+ton ,,*icago ,,canadian ,,factory ,,& ,,(fice1 ,,hamilton1 ,,ont4 ,,we/]n ,,canadian ,,(fice1 ,,w9nipeg1 ,,man4