,,briti% ,,m>9e ,,pa9t+ ,,) ,,articles ,,by ,a4 ,l4 ,,baldry #aiai ,,edit$ ,,by ,,ge(frey ,,holme 8,,! ,,/udio0 ,l ,,london ,,p>is ,,new ,,york ,,cont5ts ,,articles ,,by ,a4 ,l4 ,,baldry ,,page ,briti% ,m>9e ,pa9t+ #i ,notes on ! ,illu/rations #bd ,,illu/rations ,,9 ,,col\r ,bayes1 ,walt]1 ,a4,r4,w4,s4 ,! ,timid ,ba!r #aac ,brangwyn1 ,frank1 ,r4,a4 ,9 ,port #ge ,brooks1 ,i4 ,w4 ,9 ,cymyran ,bay #abi ,con/able1 ,john1 ,r4,a4 ,*esil ,bea* #ci ,cox1 ,david ,calais ,pi] #di ,ev]ett1 ,john ,break]s #aai ,field+1 ,copley ,coa/ ,sc5e #fa ,fl9t1 ,w4 ,russell1 ,r4,w4,s4 ,! ,fane ,isl&s #ic ,lav]y1 ,sir ,john1 ,a4,r4,a41 ,r4,s4,a4 ,ev5+--,! ,coa/ ( ,spa9 f ,tangi] #gi ,moore1 ,h5ry1 ,r4,a4 ,a ,breezy ,day #h ,nev9son1 ,c4 ,r4 ,w4 ,! ,wave #abc ,pe>s1 ,*>les ,! ,ne$les #ajg ,simpson1 ,*>les ,w41 ,r4,i41 ,r4,b4,a4 ,l&+ ,fi% #he ,/anfield1 ,w4 ,cl>kson1 ,r4,a4 ,coa/ ,sc5e #ee ,turn]1 ,j4 ,m4 ,w41 ,r4,a4 ,l[e/(t #de ,:i/l]1 ,j4 ,mc,neill ,m>9e #fi ,wilk9son1 ,norman1 ,r4,i4 ,! ,wave #aja ,,illu/rations ,,9 ,,monotone ,allan1 ,rob]t ,w41 ,r4,w4,s4 ,(f to ! ,fi%+ ,gr\nds #hd ,allfree1 ,g4 ,s4 ,motor ,laun*es #abg ,bayes1 ,walt]1 ,a4,r4,w4,s4 ,! ,r$ ,bea* #aab ,brett1 ,john1 ,a4,r4,a4 ,f ! ,dorset%ire ,cliffs #fg ,brook+1 ,*>les ,! ,calm #ce ,brooks1 ,i4 ,w4 ,coa/ ,sc5e #abh ,coa/ ,sc5e #aca ,br[n1 ,w4 ,m>%all1 ,a4,r4,s4,a4 ,! ,sea #aji ,burgess1 ,ar?ur ,j4 ,w41 ,r4,i4 ,! ,wat* t nev] ends #aaf ,! ,sc>bor\gh ,fleet #aag ,*amb]s1 ,george ,(f ,portsm\? #eb ,cooke1 ,e4 ,w41 ,r4,a4 ,dut* ,boats 9 a ,calm #eh ,cotman1 ,john ,sell ,a ,galiot 9 a ,/orm #dh ,cox1 ,e4 ,a41 ,r4,b4,a4 ,elizabe? ,ca/le1 ,*annel ,isl&s #acd ,! ,good ,%ip 8,rose ,elizabe? ,novey0 #ace ,craw=d1 ,e4 ,t41 ,r4,s4,a4 ,closehaul$1 ,cross+ ! ,b> #ei ,drap]1 ,h]b]t ,fly+ ,fi% #hg ,dyce1 ,william1 ,r4,a4 ,pegwell ,bay1 #aheh #eg ,emanuel1 ,frank ,l4 ,! ,anci5t ,port ( ,fques #acc ,ev]ett1 ,john ,! ,deck ( a ,tea-,clipp] 9 ! ,tropics #aah ,fl9t1 ,w4 ,russell1 ,r4,w4,s4 ,pass+ ,sails #ie ,h>dy1 ,t4 ,b4 ,a ,*ange ( ,w9d3 ,b\logne ,h>b\r #gg ,hawkswor?1 ,w4 ,t4 ,m41 ,r4,b4,a4 ,l[ ,wat]1 ,p5zance #abe ,hayes1 ,edw91 ,r4,h4,a41 ,r4,i4 ,sunset at ,sea3 f ,h>lyn ,bay1 ,cornwall #fc ,hemy1 ,c4 ,napi]1 ,r4,a41 ,r4,w4,s4 ,a ,boat ,adrift #gh ,holl[ay1 ,c4 ,e4 ,! ,wreck #fh ,hook1 ,j4 ,c41 ,r4,a4 ,! ,seawe$ ,rak] #ga ,hunt]1 ,col91 ,a4,r4,a4 ,f>ewell to ,skye #gc ,k+1 ,cecil ,h4,m4,s4 8,wolsey0 9 ! ,ice at ,libau #ig ,regatta ,day at ,appl$ore #ih ,knight1 ,c4 ,p>sons ,! ,kyles ( ,bute #fe ,l9dn]1 ,m(fat1 ,a4,r4,w4,s4 ,! ,/orm-,cl\d1 ,*ri/*ur* ,h>b\r #ia ,mc,bey1 ,james ,m>gate #aba ,mc,taggart1 ,william1 ,r4,s4,a4 ,! ,s\nd+ ,sea #gd ,moore1 ,h5ry1 ,r4,a4 ,a ,break 9 ! ,cl\d #gb ,morl&1 ,george ,fi%]m5 ,haul+ 9 a ,boat #cg ,mll]1 ,william ,j4 ,dr$g+ on ! ,m$way #fj ,murray1 ,sir ,david1 ,r4,a41 ,p4,r4,i41 ,a4,r4,s4,a4 ,! ,fi5d's ,wea!r #hi ,olsson1 ,julius1 ,a4,r4,a4 ,! ,night ,wrack #aaj ,heavy ,wea!r 9 ! ,*annel #aaa ,pe>s1 ,*>les ,! ,ya*t ,race #aje ,! ,exam9ation #ajf ,pyne1 ,j4 ,b4 ,totl& ,bay #ea ,rob]tson1 ,tom ,:]e ! ,somme meets ! ,sea #ij ,sm>t1 ,r4 ,borlase1 ,r4,b4,a4 ,wet ,rocks1 ,/4 ,ives #abf ,smi?1 ,hely1 ,r4,b4,a4 ,w9db\nd #ajd ,som]scales1 ,?omas ,(f ,valp>aiso #hb ,be=e ! ,gale #hc ,/anfield1 ,w4 ,cl>kson1 ,r4,a4 ,! ,port ( ,la ,ro*elle #ec ,entrance to ! ,zuid] ,zee1 ,texel ,isl& #ed ,?omson ( ,dudd+/on1 ,! ,rev4 ,john1 ,r4,s4,a4 ,fa/ ,ca/le #dg ,tollema*e1 ,! ,hon4 ,duff ,/orm on ! ,corni% ,coa/ #aae ,tuke1 ,h5ry ,s41 ,r4,a41 ,r4,w4,s4 ,augu/ ,blue #hh ,turn]1 ,j4 ,m4 ,w41 ,r4,a4 ,! ,%ipwreck #da ,! ,pr9ce ( ,orange l&+ at ,torbay1 ,novemb] #e1 #afhh #db ,ya*t ,rac+ 9 ! ,sol5t #dc ,f>ne ,isl& #dd ,wilk9son1 ,norman1 ,r4,i4 ,etretat #ii ,plym\? ,h>b\r #ajj ,up ,*annel #ajc ,williams1 ,t]rick1 ,r4,i4 ,cl\ds ov] ! ,sea1 ,holl& #acb ,wilson1 ,john ,h41 ,r4,s4,a4 ,seapiece #ch ,wyllie1 ,w4 ,l41 ,r4,a4 ,blake's ,?ree ,days ,engagem5t ) ,van ,tromp #ha ,,! ,,editor ,,desires ,,to ,,express ,,8 ,,?anks ,,to ,,! ,,arti/s1 ,,collectors1 ,,& ,,! ,,au?orities ,,( ,,public ,,gall]ies ,,:o ,,h ,,k9dly ,,assi/$ ,,him ,,9 ,,! ,,prep>ation ,,( ,,?is ,,volume ,,by ,,p]mitt+ ,,_! ,,pictures ,,to ,,be ,,reproduc$4 ,,_! ,,names ,,appe> ,,"u ,,! ,,illu/rations ,illu/ration3 8,a ,,breezy ,,day40 ,,by ,,h5ry ,,moore1 ,r4,a4 7,9 ! possession ( ! ,"r ,hon4 ,"l ,lev]hulme7 ,,briti% ,,m>9e ,,pa9t+ ,to mo/ p x w seem q natural t ,briti% arti/s %\ld give mu* att5tion to m>9e pa9t+4 ,! sea plays a v important "p 9 our national affairs1 influ5ces ! "* ( ! p1 & affects ! political policy ( ! c\ntry1 s almo/ z a matt] ( c\rse x has its place among ! s\rces ( inspiration = our native art4 ,sea pa9t]s ( ! high] rank h come ) sc>cely an exception f c\ntries :i* h an ext5d$ coa/-l9e & 9 :i* ! seaf>+ habit has be5 develop$ by c5turies ( m>itime activity--c\ntries 9 :i* ! use ( ! sea = purposes ( comm]ce or communication has be5 a necessity4 ,dut* arti/s h pa9t$ ! sea & %ipp+ & incid5ts 9 ! life ( ! dwell]s on ! coa/ ) skill & di/9ction2 !re h be5 sea pa9t]s 9 ,d5m>k1 ,norway1 & ,sw$51 "s 9 ,france1 a few 9 ,italy & ,spa92 b x is 9 ! ,briti% ,isles mo/ ( all t ! possibilities ( m>9e pa9t+ h be5 recogniz$ & ! pictorial mat]ial t ! sea provides has be5 turn$ to full acc\nt4 ,no d\bt ?is is p>tly due to ! fact t ,briti% art has conc]n$ itself v greatly ) :at may be call$ ! physical *>act]i/ics ( ! c\ntry4 ,a consid]able proportion ( our pa9t]s h be5 devot$ /ud5ts ( nature1 & h occupi$ !mselves ) records ( ,briti% sc5]y1 & ( ^? subtle effects ( atmosph]e & illum9ation :i* are ! product ( ! v>iable ,briti% climate4 ,responsive !mselves to ! *>m ( _! surr\nd+s1 !y h cat]$ = a public :i* appreciates ! beauties ( nature & likes to see !m realiz$ pictorially2 lov]s !mselves ( ! l& 9 :i* !y live1 !y h /riv5 to please ! _m p :o are possess$ by a simil> s5tim5t & wi% to h ab\t !m pictures 9 :i* ?is s5tim5t is agreeably reflect$4 ,no record ( ,briti% sc5]y c\ld be complete1 & no appeal to ,briti% s5tim5t c\ld be effective1 if our arti/s ignor$ ! wide v>iety ( subjects :i* ! sea (f]s !m4 ,= ! sea is ) u a tradition1 & ! love ( ! sea is "o ( ! /ronge/ ( our national in/9cts4 ,because we live on an isl& ! sea is at ! same "t our protection f ^? :o might seek to d u h>m & our means ( communication ) ! re/ ( ! _w2 x safegu>ds u aga9/ dang]s to :i* o!r less =tunately situat$ c\ntries are con/antly expos$1 & yet x puts u directly 9 t\* ) ev5 ! mo/ remote & app>5tly inaccessible peoples4 ,!re=e we reg>d x naturally z a fri5dly influ5ce 9 ! lives ( u all4 ,b we owe x a debt ( gratitude also = ! effect x has _h ^u our ,briti% art4 ,x is f our insul> climate1 f ! mi/s & moi/ure :i* ! sea br+s1 t ^? atmosph]ic qualities come :i* make ! /udy ( nature 9 ! ,briti% ,isles su* a nev]-end+ delight4 ,x is ! surr\nd+ sea t enc\rages ! ri* gr[? ( our vegetation1 & t gives to our l&scape its weal? ( detail & its ample v>iety ( col\r4 ,z ! sea influ5ces ! mann] ( our national life1 s x influ5ces ! quality1 ! s5tim5t1 & ! me?od ( our art1 help+ u to build up a s*ool :i* is insul> 9 its m]it & its expression1 & national 9 its feel+ & its int5tion4 ,yet1 curi\sly en\gh1 9 ! e>li] p]iod ( ,briti% art hi/ory ! names ( few pa9t]s are record$ :o p]ceiv$ ! pictorial int]e/ ( ! sea or tri$ to realize its beauties4 ,inde$1 at ! beg9n+ no att5tion 0 giv5 to ! /udy ( op5-air nature2 l&scape pa9t+ 0 n attempt$ s]i\sly1 & ! /udy ( atmosph]ic effects 0 g5]ally disreg>d$4 ,! arti/s ( t "t occupi$ !mselves ma9ly ) portraits--digress+ occasionally into figure compositions--& took little acc\nt ( any?+ b ! purely human int]e/ 9 art4 ,!y work$ = ! glorification ( _! patrons1 to adorn ! h\ses ( ! great1 or to prove !mselves good sons ( ! ,*ur*1 n to br+ ab\t ! conv]sion ( ! p :o 7 ins5sible to nature's *>m4 ,x w\ld be sc>cely fair1 h[ev]1 to accuse ! e>li] ,briti% arti/s ( ins5sibility because !y work$ 9 ?is mann] )9 circumscrib$ limits2 !y only foll[$1 aft] all1 :at 0 ! fa%ion ( ! s*ools 9 o!r c\ntries4 ,9 ,italy1 = in/ance1 dur+ ! spl5d\rs ( ! ,r5aissance1 ! /udy ( l&scape = its own sake 0 z little ?\ght ( z x 0 9 ,great ,brita9 at ! "t ( ! ,tudors4 ,_m ( ! ,italian ma/]s introduc$ l&scape backgr\nds 9 _! figure compositions1 b x 0 l&scape ( a =mal & conv5tionaliz$ k9d1 a weav+ toge!r ( details to =m a patt]n :i* 0 us$ m]ely to fill space or to add some?+ to ! po9t ( ! pictur$ /ory4 ,x 0 nev] l&scape se5 & set d[n z ! motive ( ! pa9t+2 at be/ x 0 only a sort ( /ill life4 ,b 9 ,italy at t p]iod ! mission ( ! arti/ 0 v exactly def9$1 & ev5 if he _h be5 incl9$ to escape f ! limitations impos$ ^u 8 activities1 ! cu/om ( ! "t w\ld h be5 too /rong = him4 ,he 0 ! s]vant ( ! great noble & ! ob$i5t assi/ant ( ! ,*ur*1 he decorat$ palaces1 & he pa9t$ alt>-pieces1 he record$ sc5es f anci5t or contempor>y hi/ory1 & incid5ts 9 ! lives ( ! sa9ts4 ,nei!r ! noble nor ! *ur*man want$ f him /udies ( ,italian sc5]y1 or desir$ t he %\ld %[ h[ he 0 impress$ by ! brightness ( sunlight or by ! glory ( an ev5+ sky4 ,! sev]e/ disc\ragem5t w\ld h await$ him if he _h attempt$ any?+ s unconv5tional2 he might ev5 h incurr$ p5alties z a man ( unseemly & het]odox op9ions4 ,= a long :ile ,briti% arti/s work$ "u re/rictions h>dly less rigid4 ,:at 0 dem&$ ( !m !y suppli$1 b ! dem& t !y %\ld %[ to ! public :at nature is l 0 sl[ 9 com+4 ,^w pictures ( nature !re 7 9 pl5ty2 a *orus ( poets extoll$ h] *>m1 b no "o seem$ to p]ceive t :at !y f\nd s inspir+ 9 _! v]se c\ld be visualiz$ & made app>5t by ! pa9t]s4 ,:5 ,h]rick wrote3 8,i s+ ( brooks1 ( blossoms1 birds1 & b[]s1 ,( ,april1 ,may1 ( ,june1 & ,july fl[]s0 ,briti% arti/s 7 look+ to ,van ,dyck z _! lead]1 & 7 /riv+1 z he did1 to immortalize _! contempor>ies or to tell 9 pa9t purely human /ories4 ,! brooks & blossoms1 birds & fl[]s did n claim _! consid]ation or provide !m ) mat]ial = popul> canvases1 & x did n occur to !m to pa9t ! groves & twilights1 ! damask$ mead[s & ! pebbly /reams1 :i* ,h]rick lov$ s well4 ,9 fact1 x 0 n until ! eighte5? c5tury t ! repres5tation ( l&scape subjects began to be recogniz$ z a legitimate sph]e ( arti/ic activity4 ,ev5 !n :at 0 requir$ 0 a v dry & commonplace k9d ( topographical illu/ration--a c]ta9 numb] ( p _h develop$ an int]e/ 9 ,briti% sc5]y & 9 ! ar*ological relics :i* 7 to be f\nd 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 & accord+ly x became ! fa%ion to collect pictures ( fam\s 8views0 & ( ru9$ abbeys & o!r anci5t build+s4 ,b 9 produc+ ^! pictures little scope 0 all[$ to ! arti/ = ! ex]cise ( 8 imag9ation or = ! expression ( any /hetic s5tim5t4 ,! m precise & c>eful he 0 9 8 /atem5t ( fact1 ! m accurate 8 pa9t+s 7 z portraits ( ! places or objects *os51 ! bett] 7 8 cli5ts satisfi$4 ,he _h to d :at photography does n[--he _h to make a m or less lit]al diagram ( 8 subject ) z mu* ( ! detail z he c\ld contrive to set d[n & ) z little display z possible ( 8 p]sonal ta/e or fancy4 ,h[ev]1 out ( ?is limit$ & me*anical beg9n+ grew v quickly a s*ool ( l&scape practice :i* sub/itut$ ! wid] /udy ( nature = ! record ( topographical realities4 ,a numb] ( arti/s broke away f re/rictions by :i* !y felt !mselves to be hamp]$1 & !y f\nd a consid]able section ( ! public prep>$ to c\nt5ance !m 9 _! ef=t to atta9 fre] & m significant expression4 ,!y br\ght a new _s into ! art ( ! c\ntry1 a _s ( inquiry & inve/igation1 & !y taught p to look m closely at nature's manife/ations & to int]e/ !mselves intellig5tly 9 h] elusive sugge/ions4 ,9 o!r words1 !y de/roy$ a conv5tion :i* _h be5 g5]ally accept$1 & 9 secur+ fre$om = !mselves to foll[ _! p]sonal incl9ations t[>ds a m rational treatm5t ( nature !y ga9$ ! sympa!tic support ( ! _m art lov]s :o _h discov]$ h[ cramp+ ! conv5tion 01 & h[ s]i\sly x /ood 9 ! way ( ! "r k9d ( developm5t & progress4 ,! new s*ool ( l&scape 0 defici5t nei!r 9 en?usiasm nor en]gy4 ,m5 ( m>k$ orig9ality & brilliant capacity ralli$ to x 9 l>ge numb]s1 & ) ! vigor\s initiative ( pione]s 9 a l& ( promise set to "w to make _! discov]ies effective4 ,!y wre/$ nature's secrets f h] "o by "o1 secrets ( col\r1 secrets ( illum9ation & light & %ade1 secrets & my/]ies ( ev]-*ang+ atmosph]ic effect4 ,!re 7 /ill 8views0 to pa9t1 b in/ead ( be+ treat$ z matt]s ( dry topography !y 7 us$ z subjects = pictures 9 :i* ! pa9t]'s temp]am5tal response to ! inspiration he receiv$ 0 pla9ly manife/$1 & 9 :i* ! impression made ^u him by ! motive 9 its v>i\s aspects 0 appropriately summ$ up4 ,9 a v %ort "t ! ,briti% l&scape s*ool became "u ! /imulus ( ! new ?\ght & ! new me?ods ! mo/ important 9 ! _w1 & ! mo/ indep5d5t & progressive 9 its practice4 ,b1 ev5 !n1 few pa9t]s _h realiz$ ! wond]ful pictorial possibilities ( ! sea4 ,!re 7 "s :o attempt$ m>9e subjects & coa/ sc5es b only z occasional div]sions f _! ord9>y c\rse ( /udy--z illu/rations ( _! capacity to deal ) nature 9 any phase or mood1 or x may be to ga9 exp]i5ce 9 :at 0 to !m a novel k9d ( mat]ial4 ,probably 9 ! eighte5? c5tury an excursion to ! coa/ 0 some?+ ( an adv5ture = m5 :o liv$ inl&2 facilities = travel 7 v limit$1 & x 0 easi] = an arti/ to record ! subjects :i* 7 conv5i5tly )9 8 rea* ?an to /ruggle aga9/ difficulties to rea* places remote f 8 home4 ,moreov]1 8 cli5ts 7 mo/ly /ay-at-home p1 too1 :o knew ! sea only z a sort ( vague ab/raction1 z some?+ !y _h he>d ab\t1 b ( :i* !y _h no p]sonal k1 & !re=e _! int]e/ 9 x 0 too indef9ite to be remun]ative to him4 ,x 0 m to 8 advantage to pa9t ! ?+s !y knew ?an to make !m realize :at seem$ to !m /range & surpris+4 ,anyh[1 ne>ly all ! e>li] pa9t]s ( m>9e subjects 7 m5 :o _h "s p>ticul> reason = tak+ to ?is l9e ( practice4 ,"o ( ! fir/--,*>les ,brook+1 :o 0 born 9 #agbc--0 br\ght up 9 ,dept=d ,docky>d1 & z a n unnatural consequ5ce acquir$ consid]able skill 9 ! repres5tation ( %ipp+ & naval incid5ts4 ,dur+ ! latt] "p ( 8 %ort life--he di$ at ! age ( ?irty-six--he gave "s in/ruction to ,dom9ic ,s]res1 a ,fr5*man by bir?1 :o 0 a f\ndation memb] ( ! ,royal ,academy & 0 appo9t$ to ! po/ ( ,m>9e ,pa9t] to ! ,k+4 ,s]res _h be5 a sailor1 & 0 captur$ by an ,engli% frigate 9 ! w> ( #ageb :5 he 0 9 comm& ( a trad+ vessel2 he settl$ 9 ?is c\ntry1 & ) ,brook+'s assi/ance & a good deal ( h>d "w on 8 own "p became a pa9t] ( repute4 ,9 8 *oice ( ! direction he foll[$ 9 8 art he 01 l ,brook+1 influ5c$ by 8 e>li] associations & by ! desire to treat pictorially mat]ial ) :i* he 0 ?or\ghly conv]sant4 ,ano!r arti/ ( ?is p]iod :o 0 almo/ exclusively a m>9e pa9t] 0 ,ni*olas ,pocock1 born 9 #agda4 ,he1 too1 _h be5 at sea1 & _h comm&$ a sail+ vessel be=e he adopt$ ! pr(ession ( pa9t+4 ,yet ano!r 0 ,john ,cleveley1 born #agde1 :o is suppos$ to h be5 ! son ( a draughtsman 9 ,dept=d ,docky>d1 & :o 9 8 y\? held "s po/ !re himself2 & !re 0 ano!r ,cleveley1 ,rob]t by "n1 born ab\t ! same "t1 :o ga9$ di/9ction by 8 pictures ( naval engagem5ts4 ,he1 aga91 _h _h previ\s exp]i5ce at sea4 ,!n !re 0 ,cl>kson ,/anfield1 born at ,sund]l& 9 #agic1 :o w5t to sea 9 8 boyhood1 & 0 = a :ile 9 ! ,navy1 until an accid5t cut %ort 8 c>e]2 8 p>ticul> place 9 art 0 det]m9$ by ! k ( 8 subject :i* he _h ga9$ be=e he turn$ to ! pr(ession ( sea pa9t]4 ,& to ! li/ c be add$ ,george ,*amb]s1 born at ,:itby 9 #ahjc1 ! son ( a seaman1 & himself a sailor :5 he 0 n m ?an t5 ye>s old4 ,t m5 l ^! %\ld h specializ$ 9 sea pa9t+ is n surpris+4 ,x is evid5t1 by _! lat] success z arti/s1 t !y _h ! faculty ( obs]vation & ! capacity to visualize _! impressions1 & almo/ z a matt] ( c\rse !y 7 incl9$ to put into a pictorial =m ! matt]s ) :i* !y 7 s well acqua9t$4 ,! sea _h become a "p ( _! lives1 & ( %ipp+ !y _h an exact & te*nical k2 & !y 7 9 t\* ) p :o 7 no /rang]s to ! sea1 & :o 9 consequ5ce dem&$ t x %\ld be repres5t$ ) fidelity & und]/&+4 ,ev]y?+ comb9$ to make !m ! lead]s 9 a bran* ( practice :i* requires close & accurate insight1 & _! works 9 ! e>ly days ( ! nature /udy developm5t set a /&>d ( accompli%m5t :i* 0 helpful 9 ! highe/ degree2 a /&>d :i* might nev] h be5 rea*$ if sea pa9t+ _h be5 no?+ m ?an ! div]sion ( ! l&sman :o n[ & aga9 w5t = a sket*+ trip to ! coa/4 ,! m>9e pa9t]s ( our mod]n days :o "w ) consci5ce & a love ( complet5ess owe1 p]haps1 m ?an !y realize to ^! pr$ecessors ( !irs :o e/abli%$ ! tradition ( s]i\s ef=t to get ?+s "r1 & :o built ?is tradition ^u fir/-h& k4 ,b to "s ext5t x is to ! example ( ^! speciali/s t mu/ also be ascrib$ ! skill 9 sea pa9t+ t1 z "t w5t on1 0 atta9$ by _m ( _! contempor>ies :o did n deal sy/ematically ) ?is class ( subject4 ,! habitual l&scape pa9t]1 accu/om$ to fix$ =ms & effects t foll[$ m or less regul> rules1 might easily h drift$ into a conv5tional repres5tation ( ! sea if he _h n be5 %[n ! way to look at x by ! m5 :o knew x intimately1 & if works by ^! m5 _h n exi/$ to provide him ) ! means ( te/+ 8 own a*ievem5t4 ,= 8 own cr$it1 h[ev]1 he _h to /rive to compete ) !m 9 k ( ! sea1 & _h to measure an und]/&+ ( x acquir$ by delib]ate & consci\s ef=t aga9/ !irs :i* _h be5 obta9$ by prolong$ & p]sonal contact2 & to uphold 8 reputation z a pa9t] ( capacity he _h to prove t he c\ld grasp ! ess5tials ( :atev] type ( mat]ial he might elect to h&le4 ,!re=e1 ! adoption ( a conv5tion1 ! inadequacy ( :i* c\ld h easily be5 demon/rat$1 w\ld h be5 a confession ei!r ( want ( consci5ce or ( defici5t intellig5ce1 & w\ld h reflect$ ^u 8 claim to rank z an arti/ ( di/9ction4 ,t is :y at ! end ( ! eighte5? c5tury & ! beg9n+ ( ! n9ete5? ! numb] ( m5 :o1 )\t specializ+ 9 ! subject1 pa9t$ ! sea ) und5iable ability1 _h become consid]able4 ,by t "t arti/s 7 mov+ ab\t mu* m freely 9 se>* ( motives1 & _m ( !m made frequ5t visits to ! coa/ ) ! p>ticul> int5tion ( ma/]+ ! problems ( sea pa9t+1 & ( /udy+ at fir/ h& phases ( nature :i* 7 to !m comp>atively new4 ,moreov]1 ! int]e/ tak5 by ! public 9 sea pictures _h gr[n 9 a m>k$ degree1 & !re 0 a dem& :i* ! popul> arti/ 0 call$ ^u to satisfy4 ,s mo/ ( ! l&scape m5 alt]nat$ regul>ly betwe5 inl& views & coa/ sc5es1 & pa9t$ bo? ) ! same s9c]ity & ! same /r5g? ( purpose4 ,con/able1 ,david ,cox1 ,de ,w9t1 ,copley ,field+1 ,edw>d ,duncan1 ,j4 ,s4 ,cotman--to quote a few ( ! m notable names--add$ important records ( sea & coa/ subjects to ! li/ ( _! m memorable productions2 & !re 01 ( c\rse1 ,turn]1 :o might ) ju/ice be claim$ z ! greate/ ( all m>9e pa9t]s despite ! fact t 8 sea pictures make up only a small proportion ( 8 total a*ievem5t4 ,turn] 0 supreme because he1 & he only1 e/imat$ at its full value ! poetry & ! maje/y ( ! sea2 because he alone c\ld grasp its imm5sity & its tragic /r5g? & yet be exquisitely 9 sympa?y ) its smil+ s]5ity & placid calm4 ,turn] saw & und]/ood ! drama ( ! sea1 & by ! l>g5ess ( 8 vision & ! dep? ( 8 und]/&+ he 0 enabl$ to pres5t ?is drama 9 all its v>ieties ( action4 ,b !n1 ,turn] _h n only 8! eye ( an eagle0--z ,rusk9 said ( him--he _h1 too1 ! gift ( imag9ation by :i* realities are transmut$ into poetic sugge/ion4 ,accuracy ( detail & pla9 /atem5t ( fact 7 ! f\ndations on :i* 8 art 0 built 7& no "o made m sure ( 8 facts or look$ m closely into details71 b ! sup]/ructure he erect$ 0 design$ & arrang$ to express 8 own l>ge conception ( 8 motive z a :ole1 & to illu/rate ! work+s ( 8 own emotion4 ,!re=e1 :5 he pa9t$ ! sea x 0 ! appeal t 8 subjects made to 8 imag9ation t direct$ & e/abli%$ ! f9al result2 & h[ /rong ?is appeal 0 c be judg$ f ! amaz+ beauty & p[] ( 8 accompli%m5t z a m>9e pa9t]4 ,al?\gh x has be5 giv5 to no o!r arti/ to rival or approa* ,turn] 9 ma/]y ( accompli%m5t1 al?\gh x is difficult to believe t !re c ev] be ano!r pa9t] :o w be able to claim equality ) him 9 ! same sph]e ( art1 ! /imulus ( ,turn]'s example mu/ always be vividly felt by e true /ud5t ( nature1 & especially by e "o :o aspires to pa9t m>9e subjects 9 ! "r mann]4 ,=1 c]ta9ly1 ! poetry ( ! sea & ! drama ( ! sea are among ! mo/ sali5t ( its *>act]i/ics1 & !re is surr\nd+ x an atmosph]e ( s5tim5t t mu/ be sympa!tically p]ceiv$4 ,a commonplace & matt]-(-fact /atem5t ( wave =ms w\ld be ab\t z wor?less arti/ically z an ar*itectural elevation ( a m\nta9 range1 & ! m coldly & sci5tifically correct x 0 ! less w\ld x convey ( ! _s ( ! sea4 ,! frame ( m9d 9 :i* ! pa9t] mu/ assume 8 task mu/ be ak9 to t ( ,?omson :5 he wrote3 8,?\1 maje/ic ma9 ,a secret _w ( wond]s 9 ?yself60 & 9 ?is _w ( wond]s he mu/ be prep>$ always to f9d "s new secret :i* w deep5 8 s5se ( ! my/]y ( ! sea & make him feel t ) all 8 /riv+ he has t\*$ only ! fr+e ( its romance4 ,at no /age 9 8 /udy w he be 9 a position to say t he has le>n$ en\gh & t 8 subject has no m to reveal2 e fre% discov]y w op5 up to him new matt]s = inve/igation1 & sugge/ o!r l9es ( ?\ght4 ,turn]1 at all ev5ts1 nev] came to ! conclusion t 8 k ( ! sea 0 complete1 = to ! end ( 8 life he ma9ta9$ ! fre%ness & v>iety ( 8 int]pretation4 ,he gave to x1 ye> by ye>1 a deep] note ( s5tim5t1 respond+ always m directly to ! impression he receiv$1 & elim9at+ ev]y?+ t did n help 9 ! atta9m5t ( 8 pictorial purpose4 ,detail at ! la/ he almo/ entirely disreg>d$1 conc5trat+ ! :ole ( 8 att5tion ^u ! ma9 effect by :i* temp]am5tally he 0 inspir$2 b ! ?+s ess5tial = ! con/ruction ( 8 picture & = mak+ cle> ! mean+ ( 8 motive he obs]v$ ) ! mo/ scrupul\s c>e4 ,ev5 9 8 slighte/ &1 seem+ly1 mo/ casual notes ( ! sea !re 0 ! subtle/ accuracy ( vision1 & !re 0 ! true/ summ+ up ( ! /ory t 0 told by ! p>ticul> phase ( ! subject he _h *os5 = ! ex]cise or 8 p[]s z an int]pret] ( nature's message4 ,nev] did he desc5d to a =mula or use a set conv5tion to ga9 8 dramatic result4 ,x 0 p>tly = ?is reason t he /ood s sublimely ap>t f 8 contempor>ies2 he did n repeat himself1 :ile !y 7 too (t5 cont5t to foll[ rules & to d ov] aga9 ?+s t !y _h discov]$ to be attractive to ! public4 ,yet _m ( ! arti/s ( ,turn]'s p]iod 7 m5 ( di/9ction & _! sea pa9t+s _h satisfy+ m]it & no small measure ( inspiration4 ,/anfield sugge/$ well ! movem5t & action ( ! sea & 0 s5sitive to its atmosph]e2 ,copley ,field+ saw & took ! opportunities t ! sea (f]$ him = arrang+ graceful compositions & *>m+ /udies ( light & %ade1 & he1 too1 _h a s\nd und]/&+ ( wave movem5t2 ,de ,w9t & ,david ,cox1 bo? ma/]ly /ud5ts ( nature1 pa9t$ ! mi/y subtleties ( ! coa/ ) mascul9e p[] & ) ! k t comes only f prolong$ & ?\ghtful obs]vation2 & o!rs n less obs]vant %[$ t ! pictorial possibilities ( ! sea _h by no means escap$ !m4 ,b none ( !m arriv$ at ,turn]'s magnific5t disreg>d ( limitations or approa*$ him 9 dramatic /r5g?1 & c]ta9ly none ( !m _h ! c\rage to ab&on1 z he did1 detail$ reality = ! sake ( pres5t+ a high] & m impressive tru?4 ,inde$1 t is "o ( ! my/]ies ( ,turn]'s g5ius--t he c\ld di/ort facts & leave out app>5tly ess5tial details & yet make 8 realization ( nature p]fect 9 its tru?--& :at is /ill m my/]i\s is t ?is sy/em ( di/ortion & elim9ation 0 n a matt] ( conv5tion b a univ]sally applicable pr9ciple ( practice & "o :i* 9 8 h&s 0 capable ( inf9ite v>iation4 ,by an infallible in/9ct he grasp$ in/antly ! mean+ ( 8 subject z a :ole & decid$ :at he %\ld acc5tuate or omit to make t mean+ cle>1 & all 8 devices ( te*nical treatm5t 7 z infallibly direct$ by an exact und]/&+ ( ! way 9 :i* !y c\ld be/ be made to s]ve 8 end4 ,p>adoxically1 he left ?+s out to ga9 a great] complet5ess ( result1 & he dep>t$ f /rict correctness to secure m absolute reality4 ,b all ?is he did by ! aid ( an extraord9>y insight into nature's facts & "u ! guidance ( a judgm5t :i* 0 nev] at fault4 ,t is :y ,turn]'s mann] ( repres5t+ ! sea _c be appli$ by less] m54 ,)\t any disp>agem5t ( ! _m able m>9e pa9t]s :o h practis$ s9ce 8 "t x c safely be said t on none ( !m 8 mantle has fall54 ,c]ta9ly to none ( !m has be5 grant$ 8 r>e end[m5t ( intimate vision & pr(\nd imag9ation2 c]ta9ly none has possess$ t comb9ation ( exhau/ive k & p]fect confid5ce :i* made him s consummately a ma/] ( 8 craft4 ,!re h be5 9 ! rec5t pa/1 !re are at "w to-day1 arti/s :o h /udi$ ! sea 9 ! mo/ sympa!tic _s & ^: s]i\sness ( ef=t des]ves ! highe/ praise1 arti/s ^: accompli%m5t w\ld be :olly satisfy+ if ,turn] _h n %[n s brilliantly ! great] possibilities ( sea pa9t+2 b !irs is a limit$ & specializ$ view beside t ( _! great pr$ecessor4 ,x is z well1 h[ev]1 t !y d n try to d too mu*4 ,to pa9t ! ab/ract drama ( ! sea 9 ! only way t c be made conv9c+1 ! possession ( a temp]am5t is absolutely ess5tial1 b ?is temp]am5t mu/ be s*ool$ & discipl9$ by lifelong /udy or ! drama w deg5]ate into incr$ible fantasy4 ,turn] 0 temp]am5tally fitt$ to attempt ! highe/ flights1 & ) 8 p]fect te*nical equipm5t no?+ 0 beyond 8 rea*4 ,o!r arti/s mu/ be cont5t to admire 8 poetic p[] )\t aspir+ to rival x4 ,b1 aft] all1 hone/1 well-educat$1 s]i\s prose is bett] ?an incoh]5t poetry1 no matt] h[ well-int5tion$ t may be2 & c]ta9ly ! prose ( _m ( our mod]n sea pa9t]s is v good inde$--cle>1 logical1 & di/+ui%$ by a true s5se ( /yle--& into mu* ( x comes t t\* ( poetic feel+ t gives *>m & picturesqu5ess to ! descriptive /atem5t4 ,to illu/rate ! diff]5ce betwe5 ^! two types ( sea pa9t+ ! "w ( ,h5ry ,moore c appropriately be in/anc$4 ,he 01 next to ,turn]1 ! mo/ le>n$ & accompli%$ /ud5t ( m>9e motives & ! f9e/ expon5t ( ! facts ( ! sea :om any s*ool has produc$4 ,b beside ! dramatic poetry ( ,turn] 8 art 0 prose1 f9e prose1 p]suasive & dignifi$1 b nev] ris+ into inspir$ fancy4 ,9 o!r words1 he saw nobly & beautifully1 b ,turn] saw & imag9$ z well1 & ! m he saw ! m spl5didly did he use 8 imag9ation4 ,yet ,h5ry ,moore has indisputably 8 place among ! ma/]s because 8 art1 ?\gh n pr(\ndly imag9ative1 0 z able 9 a*ievem5t z x 0 accurate 9 obs]vation4 ,moreov]1 he 0 acutely responsive to ! s5tim5t ( nature1 & int]pret$ h] 9 h] _m moods ) exquisite discretion4 ,frank & /raight=w>d z 8 "w always 01 x nev] lack$ ! direction ( a sympa!tic m9d2 its /r5g? 0 controll$ by a s+ul>ly correct s5se ( arti/ic propriety & 0 nev] all[$ to deg5]ate into m]e display ( executive clev]ness4 ,c]ta9ly ,h5ry ,moore 0 a f9e craftsman1 & 0 n hamp]$ by te*nical difficulties 9 ! practice ( 8 art2 inde$1 "o ( ! mo/ sali5t *>act]i/ics ( 8 pictures1 z we see !m to-day1 is ! confid5ce ( ! h&l+ by :i* !y are di/+ui%$4 ,?is confid5ce1 ?is directness ( me?od1 0 ! outcome ( a n less confid5t und]/&+ ( ! mat]ial ) :i* he 0 accu/om$ to deal4 ,! ?+s he knew 7 to him matt]s ( su* complete k t he 0 able to conc5trate himself entirely ^u ! pictorial realization ( !m )\t hav+ to make exp]im5ts or calculations to prove :e!r or n 8 assumptions 7 correct4 ,wisely1 too 7n hav+ ! ,turn] temp]am5t71 he did n aim at possibilities :i* he hone/ly recogniz$ z be+ beyond 8 rea*4 ,facts & realities he c\ld grasp1 subtle %ades ( fact & delicate v>iations ( reality he c\ld express ) discrim9at+ subtlety & s5sitive delicacy1 b to conceive a vision 9 :i* actual nature w\ld be turn$ into a glori\sly fanciful ab/raction 0 outside ! range ( 8 p]sonality4 ,s he kept to ! pa? :i* x 0 "r t he %\ld tread1 & made no excursions into /range places 9 ! doma9 ( art1 prov+ himself !reby a ma/] ( himself z well z ( 8 art4 ,we h e reason to be grateful to him = 8 solid & well-balanc$ common s5se4 ,h5ry ,moore z an imitator ( ,turn]1 foll[+ 9 ! wake ( a lead] :om he c\ld nev] ov]take1 w\ld h be5 a wa/$ =ce 9 art4 ,h5ry ,moore z a pa9t] true to 8 own convictions1 /riv+ e>ne/ly to set be=e u 8 extraord9>ily intimate view ( ! sea1 has e/abli%$ a /&>d aga9/ :i* ! a*ievem5ts ( our mod]n sea pa9t]s c be measur$ mo/ in/ructively1 & has po9t$ out ! pr9ciples on :i* ^! pa9t]s mu/ "w if !y are to ju/ify _! ef=t4 ,k su* z ,turn] possess$ is by its v va/ness incompreh5sible to ! ord9>y man2 b k l t :i* ,h5ry ,moore ga!r$ is possible to o!r arti/s1 ?\gh to few ( !m is giv5 8 capacity to express x1 & to few] /ill 8 sur5ess ( t\* & 8 comm& ( executive me?od4 ,:at is p>ticul>ly to be le>n$ f ,h5ry ,moore's pictures is ! wide v>iety ( matt]s :i* h to be /udi$ by ! m5 :o aspire to pa9t ! sea ) a suffici5t measure ( arti/ic fitness4 ,!re are1 ( c\rse1 _m ways ( repres5t+ ! sea pictorially--z a backgr\nd or sett+ to "s nautical incid5t2 z an accessory 9 a sc5e :i* has humanity = its ma9 int]e/2 z a g5]aliz$ s*eme ( col\r or tone2 z a decorative motive ) conv5tionaliz$ =ms2 or z a poetically indef9ite fantasy 9 :i* ne>ly ev]y?+ is left to ! imag9ation ( ! behold]4 ,b ! mo/ s*ol>ly & s]i\s way--,h5ry ,moore's way--is to analyse & dissect2 to acc\nt = e v>iation 9 =m & e *ang+ gleam ( col\r2 to f9d ! reasons = ea* ( ! _m k9ds ( wave movem5t2 to le>n ! connexion betwe5 c]ta9 conditions ( ! wea!r & c]ta9 /ates ( ! sea2 to "k h[ to produce a sea picture :i* w be logical ?r\gh\t & )\t contradictions ( atmosph]ic effect :i* are calculat$ to excite ! prote/s ( ! m>9e exp]t :o kn[s 8 subject & is n incl9$ to take arti/ic lic5ce into consid]ation4 ,h5ry ,moore sp>$ himself none ( ^! exhau/ive prep>ations & _h ! te*nical skill to make ! outcome ( !m :olly attractive 9 arti/ic quality2 t is :y he ranks z a ma/] at ^: feet x is good = ! w\ld-be sea pa9t] to sit 9 all humility4 ,if a s]ies ( 8 pictures is exam9$ x w be se5 at once t 9 ea* "o "s special problem is dealt ) & "s def9ite phase ( ! sea is tak5 z ! motive4 ,un?9k+ p are apt to say t sea pa9t+s are monoton\s because !y lack incid5t & v>iety ( subject1 because !y are no?+ b waves & sky1 b ?is objection implies an unobs]vant habit ( m9d4 ,h5ry ,moore did n repeat himself1 & among ! mo/ p]sonal *>act]i/ics ( 8 "w 0 its bread? ( outlook1 a bread? ( outlook :i* 0 develop$ by 8 con/ant se>* = fre% impressions4 ,al?\gh he _h n _h1 l ,/anfield or ,*amb]s1 a pr(essional connexion ) ! sea1 he 0 frequ5tly afloat & always try+ to enl>ge 8 exp]i5ce ( 8 subject4 ,he _h1 too1 ! gift ( v rapid te*nical expression :i* enabl$ him to set d[n :at he saw :ile ! impression 0 vividly 9 8 m9d1 s t 8 fir/ cle> conviction 0 n modifi$ or obscur$ by me*anical causes--by t prolongation ( ef=t :i* leads to an ill-assort$ mix+ ( ideas & an indecisive mann] ( /atem5t4 ,?is comb9ation ( in/antane\s appreh5sion & unhesitat+ expression is1 inde$1 a necessity = ! arti/ :o wi%es to avoid a m]ely conv5tional r5d]+ ( ! sea & :o is anxi\s to sugge/ prop]ly its really inf9ite v>iety4 ,!re is s mu* t mu/ be done quickly1 !re are su* incessant *anges ( effect & condition1 t ! delib]ate work]1 ?9k+ sl[ly & us+ 8 appliances unreadily1 is always 9 dang] ( be+ left ) 8 int5tion unrealiz$4 ,he sees some?+ t appeals to him z a good subject & he beg9s to /udy x 9 all s]i\sness2 b be=e he has grasp$ its mean+1 & be=e he has m ?an ! fir/ few c>eful t\*es on 8 canvas1 ! effect t /irr$ him has gone1 & 9 its place !re is some?+ else t is surpris+ly diff]5t4 ,no wond] if unable to keep pace ) nature's elusive tricks he becomes aft] a :ile hopelessly bewild]$ & gives up ! /ruggle 9 despair4 ,possibly1 be+ a consci5ti\s p]son1 he decides to pa9t "o aspect only ( ! sea & to specialize 9 "o type ( subject :i* he c ma/] by long & labori\s practice2 or1 be+ less p>ticul>1 he builds up a pretty conv5tion :i* w help him to turn out sup]ficially attractive ?+s t w please a none too critical public4 ,b 9 nei!r way is ! great sea pa9t] made1 ! pa9t] :o c tell ! /ory ( ! sea & convey to u its s5tim5t & its "*4 ,:at makes ! problems ( m>9e pa9t+ s complex is1 fir/ ( all1 ! fact t ! sea is nev] 9 absolute repose1 & !re=e its surface =ms are con/antly und]go+ "s degree ( *ange4 ,ano!r difficulty is t ! sea-wat] seems to v>y 9 composition & consi/5cy accord+ to ! conditions "u :i* x is view$2 at "o "t x is solid1 opaque1 pond]\s1 & sombre 9 col\r1 & at ano!r x is light1 transp>5t & full ( delicate t9ts4 ,z x is a reflect+ sub/ance z well z "o ?r\gh :i* light c pass x alt]s 9 appe>ance 9 ! mo/ surpris+ mann] "u ! incid5ce ( sunlight or 9 response to ! v>iations 9 atmosph]ic effect2 & z x is a mov+ body x appe>s to be subject to no laws ( con/ruction & to h no sort ( me?od 9 its re/lessness4 ,mo/ p1 inde$1 w\ld hold t ! cynical comm5t on womank9d1 8,t\j\rs femme v>ie1 s\v5t elle e/ folle10 c\ld be appli$ ) p>ticul> appropriat5ess to ! sea1 s fem99e is x 9 its *>m+ irresponsibility4 ,yet ! /ud5t ( ! sea c1 if he sets to "w 9 ! "r way1 discov] ! s\rces ( its irresponsibility & ! reasons = its lapses into insanity4 ,he c dissect its =ms & le>n its anatomical con/ruction1 & he c f9d out :at regulates & det]m9es its movem5ts4 ,he c e/abli% a direct agreem5t betwe5 ! app>5t texture ( ! sea & ! bottom ov] :i* x fl[s1 z well z betwe5 its surface "* & ! nature ( ! wea!r4 ,& hav+ dissect$ & analys$1 hav+ inve/igat$ & arrang$ 8 discov]ies 9 ! prop] ord]1 he c solve pictorial problems :i* ord9>y m5 w\ld c\nt z puzzles to :i* !re 0 no key4 ,) ?is k at 8 disposal he w\ld be able1 too1 to pa9t pictures :i* w\ld %[ ! sea z x is & z x c be1 n z an erratic & unacc\ntable ph5om5on act+ contr>y to all natural laws1 :i* is ! view giv5 ( x by ! arti/s :o are incauti\s en\gh to pa9t x )\t hav+ le>n$ its ways4 ,= in/ance1 ! pa9t] prop]ly equipp$ w\ld make ! "r di/9ction1 bo? 9 col\r & wave =m1 betwe5 ! deep sea & t 9 %all[ places2 betwe5 ! transp>5cy ( waves break+ on a rocky coa/ & ^? on a s&y bea*2 betwe5 ! wave action 9 a tidal curr5t mov+ ) or aga9/ ! w9d2 or betwe5 ! seas t are p5n$ 9 a n>r[ *annel & ^? t are runn+ free 9 wide spaces4 ,^! are elem5t>y matt]s1 p]haps1 9 ! /udy ( m>9e pa9t+1 b elem5t>y or n !y are only too (t5 misappreh5d$ by ! c>eless obs]v]2 & !y are typical ( a ho/ ( o!rs :i* are n less likely to become pitfalls = ! unw>y4 ,neglect ( !m leads to slov5ly & unsatisfactory production & to a k9d ( "w t may be *eaply effective b t has actually no ju/ification = exi/5ce4 ,"o mi/ake v (t5 made by m5 :o h n c>ri$ _! /udies f> en\gh is to miss ! necess>y connexion betwe5 ! /ate ( ! sea & ! accompany+ condition ( ! atmosph]e2 ano!r is to pa9t 9 a sea picture a sky t is 9 wrong relation to ! wave movem5t4 ,bo? ^! errors arise f ! failure ( ! pa9t] to /udy 8 subject z a :ole1 f 8 inexp]i5ce ( :at may be call$ ! te*nical peculi>ities ( 8 mat]ial4 ,he has by him a sea note t seems wor? treat+ on a m ambiti\s scale1 & he f9ds 9 8 portfolio a sket* ( a sky t composes nicely & is q attractive 9 its g5]al "*2 s he mixes ! two toge!r & calls ! compilation a m>9e pa9t+4 ,b1 really1 unless by "s lucky *ance ! two sket*es happ5$ to h be5 done "u simil> wea!r conditions ! picture w\ld be no m true to nature ?an ! lab\r$ ef=t ( ! 8art0 photograph] :o pr9ts 8 sky f "o negative & 8 l&scape f ano!r2 or :o grafts a /udio-light$ figure on to a backgr\nd photograph$ out ( doors4 ,! sea pa9t] mu/1 = ! cr$it ( art1 keep cle> ( su* silly tricks & me*anical devices4 ,he mu/ be logical bo? 9 8 obs]vations & 9 ! use he makes ( !m1 & he mu/ be consi/5t 9 8 /atem5t ( ! facts be=e him4 ,a picture 9 :i* ! sea sugge/s half a gale :ile ! sky is "o :i* w\ld be se5 only 9 a dead calm is an obvi\s absurdity1 & x w\ld be n less ridicul\s to pa9t ! full col\rs ( sunlight 9 an atmosph]e ( mi/ & driv+ ra92 yet ^! ?+s are done by arti/s f :om m reg>d = tru? is to be expect$4 ,lapses ( ?is sort _c be =giv52 !y imply a %irk+ ( responsibility t is beyond excuse1 & a failure to grasp ! fir/ pr9ciples ( nature /udy4 ,!y w\ld nev] occur if ! m5 :o pa9t ! sea w\ld reg>d x z a liv+ reality :i* responds to ! influ5ce ( its surr\nd+s & v>ies its appe>ance z circum/ances dictate1 & if !y w\ld recognize t x has its own anatomical /ructure by :i* its movem5ts are controll$4 ,!re is a reason = ev]y?+ x does & !re is a way ( acc\nt+ = e aspect x assumes1 b ! reason has to be s\ght =1 & ! way to necess>y k mu/ be pursu$ ) pa9/ak+ ef=t4 ,!re is no place 9 m>9e pa9t+ = ! man :o wants to take ?+s easily4 ,b any "o :o is int]e/$ 9 executive problems :i* dem& conc5trat$ att5tion & su/a9$ inve/igation w f9d pl5ty to tax 8 fulle/ en]gies--problems ( draw+1 ( col\r & tone managem5t1 ( imitative sugge/ion1 & ( te*nical application4 ,z an example ( a complex motive :i* w\ld pres5t a s]ies ( difficulties a picture might be imag9$ ( ! sea wa%+ 9 among rocks1 "s ( :i* are subm]g$ :ile o!rs /& up above ! surface1 ! wat] cle> & transp>5t & nei!r smoo? nor mu* agitat$4 ,?r\gh ! wat] ! objects b5ea? w\ld be cle>ly se5 & ! surface w\ld reflect ! rocks above & cat* gleams ( light f ! sky1 & ! movem5t ( ! small waves sw++ t[>ds ! rocks & reb\nd+ f !m1 & eddy+ ov] ! %all[ places1 w\ld make a patt]n ( l9es & planes set at all sorts ( angles4 ,to realize su* a subject adequately an almo/ p]fect balance ( obs]vation w\ld be ne$$4 ,too mu* att5tion giv5 to ! "u-wat] details w\ld de/roy ! sugge/ion ( ! surface2 too mu* conc5tration on ! surface lights & reflections w\ld make ! wat] seem opaque2 exagg]ation ( ! l9es & planes ( ! ripples w\ld dim9i% ! bread? ( effect & alt] ! "* ( ! subject4 ,! pa9t] mu/ p]ceive t ?is problem has _m sides1 & t ea* "o mu/ receive exactly its "r am\nt ( consid]ation if ! pictorial solution is to be correct2 if he has to make a compromise ) reality ! mo/ subtle judgm5t w be requir$ ( him to create an illusion t w look l tru?4 ,to multiply su* examples w\ld be easy1 = !re is no phase ( sea pa9t+ 9 :i* difficulties d n ab\nd4 ,x is difficult to pa9t a break+ wave1 to pres]ve its ar*itectural quality ( design & its appe>ance ( massive /r5g?1 & yet to %[ t x is a mov+ & mom5t>y ?+ disappe>+ z quickly z x is =m$4 ,x is difficult to repres5t ! confusion ( a /ormy sea1 *urn$ into foam & toss+ 9 ! wilde/ turmoil1 & yet to make intelligible ! ord] & regul>ity ( its movem5t & ! "r sequ5ce ( its *ang+ =ms4 ,x is z difficult to r5d] ! smoo?ness ( calm1 quiet wat] )\t mak+ x look solid & opaque1 dull & lifeless1 z x is to sugge/ ! livel9ess ( a breezy day )\t laps+ into mean+less repetition & re/less patt]n-mak+4 ,e successful sea picture is a difficulty ov]come & a problem solv$1 & e successful sea pa9t] is a man :o has /ruggl$ e>ne/ly ) intractable mat]ial & has built 8 a*ievem5t on a f\ndation ( labori\sly acquir$ k4 ,probably t is :y !re h be5 comp>atively few great sea pa9t]s2 x is c]ta9ly a reason :y ! few :o c be acc\nt$ great %\ld be reg>d$ z ma/]s ( ! highe/ rank ) places ( di/9ction 9 ! hi/ory ( art4 ,next 9 importance to ! /udy ( ! sea itself comes ! acquisition ( a capacity to pa9t %ipp+1 ! two d n necess>ily g toge!r4 ,!re h be5 _m capable pa9t]s ( ! sea :o c\ld n draw a %ip & did n "k h[ to set x on ! wat]2 & !re h be5 _m m5 ) an accurate te*nical k ( %ipp+ ^: treatm5t ( ! sea f ! pictorial po9t ( view left mu* to be desir$4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 a %ip provides "o ( ! sev]e/ te/s ( draughtsman%ip2 x is su* a complicat$ collection ( l9es & curves & s h>d to put 9 prop] p]spective t x makes exceptional dem&s ^u ! arti/'s p[]s4 ,moreov]1 e %ip has its own individuality1 a "* peculi> to itself1 & to express ?is individuality z mu* analytical ef=t is ne$$ z to draw ! "r di/9ction betwe5 ! diff]+ types ( humanity4 ,details :i* to ! unpr(essional eye seem ( no significance mu/ be c>efully att5d$ to because ea* "o ( !m contributes some?+ to ! sum total ( fact & helps to make ! "* intelligible1 & to slur ov] ^! details is a fatal mi/ake4 ,a %ip treat$ conv5tionally & )\t p]sonal insight is z un9spir+ pictorially z a portrait :i* has miss$ all ! little human *>act]i/ics :i* made ! sitt] int]e/+4 ,! pa9t] ( %ipp+ has1 too1 a v wide field to cov]4 ,he has to range f ! ya*t to ! w>%ip1 f ! l9] to ! ru/y1 wea!r-beat5 tramp2 he has to %[ h[ ! lively movem5t ( ! sail+ %ip diff]s f ! /eady1 me?odical progression ( ! /eam]2 he has to und]/& ! behavi\r ( all sorts ( craft "u all sorts ( wea!r conditions2 & to make ?is v>i$ assortm5t ( k intelligible 9 8 pictures he has to dep5d almo/ entirely ^u 8 p[]s ( draw+4 ,by bad draw+ he w n only miss ! specific "* ( ! %ip1 b he w also fail to expla9 ! "p t ?is %ip is int5d$ to play 9 ! /ory :i* 8 picture seeks to tell4 ,! introduction ( %ipp+ into a pa9t+ ( ! sea is usually to increase ! dramatic /r5g? ( ! subject1 b if ?r\gh te*nical ineffici5cy ! add$ incid5t does n c>ry conviction or expla9 itself prop]ly ! po9t ( ! drama is obscur$ r ?an acc5tuat$4 ,un=tunately x is r too easy to produce in/ances ( ! wrong h&l+ ( %ips 9 sea pictures1 :i* o!rwise are q acceptable1 & ( imp]fect und]/&+ ( ! action ( vessels afloat4 ,"s ( ! e>li] ma/]s :o _h /udi$ ! sea & knew its ways well made curi\s mi/akes :5 !y br\ght 9 a %ip z a c5tral feature 9 _! composition4 ,!y w\ld fairly (t5 poise a craft ( mu* solidity & consid]able tonnage on ! v cre/ ( a wave :]e !re 0 c]ta9ly n a suffici5t body ( wat] to support x2 or !y w\ld put a %ip s close to a g5tly %elv+ bea* t !re 0 an obvi\s & imm$iate dang] ( its runn+ agr\nd1 a position t w\ld al>m ev5 ! bolde/ ( sailors4 ,!y 7 z a rule *e]fully ignorant ( ! intricacies ( rigg+ & ( ! set ( sails1 & occasionally !y seem$ to cr$it a %ip ) an uncanny p[] ( progress+ at full spe$ 9 ! tee? ( a /iff breeze4 ,all ?is result$ f inadequate /udy ( te*nicalities t a seaf>+ man w\ld treat z a matt] ( c\rse--f insuffici5t acqua9tance ) ?+s t1 aft] all1 sc>cely came )9 ! scope ( a l&sman's exp]i5ce4 ,b ! pres5t-day pa9t] is expect$ to be m precise2 & if he does n fulfil ?is expectation he w f9d t !re are pl5ty ( p :o are ready & will+ to call him to acc\nt4 ,he has to face a m critical g5]ation ?an 8 pr$ecessors knew1 a g5]ation :i* travels m & has mu* wid] opportunities ( acquir+ k ( _m subjects1 & he has to reckon ) a famili>ity ) m>9e details t has become an em95tly ,briti% *>act]i/ic4 ,picturesque improbabilities w\ld n be left unque/ion$ n[2 !re w\ld be sca?+ comm5ts by nautical exp]ts1 & ev5 ! ord9>y man w\ld n hesitate to voice 8 d\bts4 ,p]haps we h gr[n a little p$antic 9 ?is dem& = /rict reality1 b1 all ! same1 x is n unreasonable to require f ! pa9t] :o puts a %ip into 8 picture evid5ce t he kn[s a fair am\nt ab\t t %ip's con/ruction & h[ x %\ld behave 9 ! situation he assigns to x4 ,ev5 a piece ( imag9ative fantasy is none ! worse = be+ bas$ judici\sly on solid fact4 ,beside ! purely m>9e pa9t+1 ! picture t is conc]n$ solely ) ! sea & %ips t sail on x1 !re is a place = ! coa/ subject4 ,x is true t ! coa/ sc5e is1 m (t5 ?an n1 only a l&scape into :i* ! sea is introduc$ z a subsidi>y int]e/1 b "u ?is head+ c be includ$ also ^? views ( h>b\rs1 e/u>ies1 cliffs1 & bea*es1 :i* _m pa9t]s h treat$ ) di/9ction ( /yle & *>m ( s5tim5t4 ,yet ev5 ! coa/ sc5e 9 :i* ! actual ne>ness ( ! sea is only sugge/$ owes its "* to ! sea4 ,only ! sea c\ld h c>v$ ^? cliffs into _! impressive %apes1 or c\ld h pil$ up ^? masses ( huge rocks4 ,only ! w9ds :i* bl[ 9 f ! sea c\ld h m\ld$ t range ( s& dunes or c\ld h twi/$ ^? /unt$ trees into _! curi\sly picturesque =ms4 ,only z a protection aga9/ ! savage /r5g? ( ! sea has t breakwat] be5 built beh9d :i* ! fleet ( fi%+ boats lies 9 %elt]4 ,& f ! sea come ^? driv+ mi/s & sl[-mov+ banks ( fog :i* ?r[ a veil ( my/]y ov] ! l&scape & give a new aspect to ev5 ! mo/ famili> objects4 ,! sc5t ( ! sea is 9 ! air1 ! s\nd ( its waves is unceas+1 its influ5ce is all ab\t2 ! coa/ is1 inde$1 b ! subject ( ! sea & owes to x allegiance4 ,x is 9 ?is _s1 unque/ionably1 t _m arti/s h pa9t$ ! coa/1 ) a s5se ( ! dom9at+ p[] ( ! sea & a consci\s ackn[l$gem5t ( its influ5ce4 ,!y h appreciat$ ! dramatic value ( ! p]si/5t /ruggle betwe5 ! sea & ! l&1 a /ruggle ( :i* ! evid5ces are n to be mi/ak52 & !y h felt ! nature ( ! resi/ance :i* ! l&1 an unwill+ subject1 (f]s to ! encroa*m5ts ( its tyrant4 ,ev5 9 pictures :i* repres5t ! coa/ 9 its mo/ peaceful mom5ts1 :5 ! sea ripples lazily r\nd ! rocks "u ! light ( ! summ] sun1 ! sc>s left by ! assaults ( waves driv5 by pa/ /orms _c be conceal$4 ,fragm5ts torn f ! cliffs /rew ! %ore1 ! wreckage ( ! l& is heap$ up wait+ = ! inevitable mom5t :5 ! sea1 r5ew+ its attack1 w swall[ up :at x has already half de/roy$4 ,! note ( trag$y is always pres5t1 !re is always a sugge/ion t ! sea is m]ely wait+ its opportunity & t :5 ! "t comes x w r5d & ov]:elm & ass]t its ru?lessness )\t m]cy or re/ra9t4 ,! same k9d ( s5tim5t m>ks ! picture ( ! h>b\r subject 9 :i* man's conflict ) ! sea is illu/rat$4 ,humanity is p]petually at w> ) ! =ces ( nature1 & is always seek+ to keep !m 9 *eck1 )1 at be/1 only p>tial success4 ,incessant wat*fulness is necess>y1 con/ant ef=t to repair :at is z con/antly wreck$ & ov]?r[n1 unwe>y+ pati5ce & unceas+ toil4 ,(t5 man sees some?+ he has done blott$ out utt]ly by nature's act1 & he has to />t aga9 & build up anew f ! v beg9n+1 kn[+ z he builds t he is defy+ a p[] /rong] ?an himself1 m pati5t ?an he is & m s]5ely confid5t ( ultimate success4 ,yet he goes on ) 8 "w1 pat*+1 r5ew+1 rebuild+1 & fight+ /ubbornly e /ep =w>d or back4 ,t is :y !re is an elem5t ( romance 9 ! picture :i* has = its motive some?+ t m5 h con/ruct$ to protect !mselves aga9/ ! inroads ( ! sea1 "s piece ( "w t sugge/s ! %ifts & contrivances us$ to secure a measure ( %elt] f ! viol5ce ( ! waves & ! fury ( ! /orm4 ,! /ory :i* su* a picture has to tell is full ( significance because ! facts pres5t$ by ! arti/ sum up a s]ies ( human activities & ?r[ light ^u ! conditions "u :i* ^! activities h be5 c>ri$ on4 ,x is a /ory1 too1 ) an appeal because x %[s a phase ( human endurance :i* des]ves sympa?y & respect1 sympa?y = ! difficulties enc\nt]$1 & respect = ! way 9 :i* !y h be5 ov]come2 & x has its full measure ( picturesqu5ess & arti/ic fitness by :i* its claim to s]i\s treatm5t is amply ju/ifi$4 ,inde$1 ! pa9t+s ( ! fr+e & surr\nd+ ( ! sea :i* h be5 produc$ by ,briti% arti/s uphold wor?ily ! be/ traditions ( our s*ool2 !y include mu* t proves indisputably ! p[]s ( our great] ma/]s1 & c]ta9ly !y are m num]\s ?an ! pictures ( ! op5 sea4 ,t ?is %\ld be is sc>cely surpris+ =1 aft] all1 ! pa9t]s :o risk ! p]ils ( ! deep ev5 = brief excursions are mu* few] ?an ^? :o w&] along ! coa/ 9 se>* ( mat]ial1 & to mo/ m5 ! comb9ation ( l& & sea (f]s m attractive problems ?an ! less-kn[n wa/e ( wat]s4 ,moreov]1 !re is a wid] public = ! coa/ sc5e 7& few arti/s c af=d to disreg>d ! popul> dem&71 because ! great majority ( p ga9 _! impressions ( ! sea by look+ at x f ! l& & b r>ely seek = exp]i5ces afloat4 ,! purely m>9e subject se5 intimately & int]pret$ f9ely (f]s opportunities = a high] type ( a*ievem5t1 & 9 "s respects calls = m conc5trat$ /udy2 b :]e ! l& & sea meet !re is a m obvi\s v>iety ( pictorial sugge/ions & ! t\* ( romantic s5tim5t is m app>5t4 ,x is n giv5 to _m p1 arti/s or laym51 to feel ! pr(\nd my/]y & ! dramatic gr&eur ( ! op5 sea2 !re are pl5ty1 h[ev]1 :o c s5se ! appeal ( ! brok5 & batt]$ coa/ & f9d romance 9 ! h>b\rs & tidal inlets4 ,f a purely te*nical /&po9t ! coa/ picture is also m conv5i5t ?an ! pa9t+ ( ! op5 sea2 x is easi] to compose satisfactorily & to arrange 9 prop] ord]4 ,z a matt] ( space-fill+ & patt]n-mak+ x is mu* less difficult to con/ruct a design ) ! v]tical or slop+ l9es ( cliffs or rocks contra/+ ) ! horizontals ( ! sea ?an x is :5 ! picture is divid$ into sea & sky ) no?+ to break ! sev]e simplicity ( ! composition4 ,?is te*nicality has evid5tly p]plex$ _m sea pa9t]s1 & has n infrequ5tly l$ !m into r /ra9$ devices to obta9 v>iety--into exagg]ation ( ! tones ( ! sky & ov]-acc5tuation ( cl\d =ms1 or into ! introduction ( %ipp+ :]e ! subject 0 already too complicat$ to require an add$ int]e/4 ,su* evasions ( a difficulty by artificial means are1 h[ev]1 n to be def5d$1 & ! arti/ :o feels t ! purely m>9e picture is too great a tax ^u 8 p[]s _h bett] n /ray f ! coa/ :]e !re is pl5ty ( m am5able pictorial mat]ial at 8 disposal4 ,he is a wise man :o recognizes 8 own limitations & does n invite tr\ble by try+ to conceal 8 defici5cies 9 a bran* ( practice = :i* he is unsuit$4 ,!re is ano!r type ( art :i* c be br\ght legitimately "u ! head+ ( m>9e pa9t+--! repres5tation ( ! life ( ! p :o h deal+s ) ! sea & obta9 f x _! means ( exi/5ce4 ,! sailors1 ! fi%]-folk1 ! _m :o "w by & on ! sea h _! "p 9 its /ory & provide ! arti/ ) ample matt] by :i* ?is /ory c be appropriately illu/rat$4 ,!y live picturesquely & !y are admirably 9 h>mony ) _! surr\nd+s2 !y "w h>d1 b 9 ! fre$om ( ! op5 air1 & !y are n cramp$ )9 ! walls ( ! %op or factory4 ,9 _! occupation !re is always ! spice ( adv5ture & !re are _m mom5ts ( dang]1 _m tragic happ5+s1 & _m incid5ts :i* te/ sev]ely bo? m9d & body4 ,b all ?is develops "* & sets its /amp ^u ! seaman's p]sonality1 m>k+ ) signs t _c be mi/ak5 8 place 9 ! community4 ,( ! figure pictures by ,briti% arti/s :i* are popul> to-day1 & = :i* cont9u$ appreciation c safely be prophesi$1 a l>ge numb] h = subject some?+ t ref]s to ! sea4 ,! ,nor?-,we/ ,passage1 by ,sir ,john ,millais1 is1 = in/ance1 an inspir+ rem9d] 9 its _s & s5tim5t ( a s]ies ( sea adv5tures :i* mu/ = ev] /& to ! cr$it ( ! ,briti% race2 & ,bramley's ,hopeless ,dawn tells eloqu5tly ! /ory ( a trag$y only too sadly common :]e m5 seek a prec>i\s livelihood on ! trea*]\s sea4 ,o!r pictures l ! ,hon4 ,john ,colli]'s ,la/ ,voyage ( ,h5ry ,hudson1 & ,h4 ,s4 ,tuke's ,all ,h&s to ! ,pumps1 give u full opportunity to judge ! nature ( ! dang]s to :i* seam5 are expos$2 :ile o!rs aga91 l ,napi] ,hemy's ,pil*>ds1 & ,col9 ,hunt]'s ,_! ,only ,h>ve/1 %[ u :at k9d ( "w occupies ! fi%]-folk & ! o!r coa/ dwell]s ^: necessities ! sea supplies4 ,ano!r aspect ( ! subject is se5 9 ,tuke's ,augu/ ,blue1 & ,c4 ,w4 ,wyllie's ,digg+ = ,bait1 :i* sugge/ ^? pleasant] mom5ts :5 life by ! sea has its g5ial & enjoyable side & ! /ress & turmoil ( ! w9t] /orms are = a :ile =gott54 ,^! p>ticul> pictures are quot$ because1 be+ all 9 a national collection1 !y are accessible to e "o & are p]man5tly available to illu/rate ! v>y+ relation ( humanity ) ! sea4 ,!y repres5t a class ( production )9 :i* is compreh5d$ a wide range ( subjects & to :i* a ho/ ( di/+ui%$ arti/s h made important contributions2 !y po9t ! direction 9 :i* !re is /ill mu* to be f\nd t is wor?y ( ! mo/ s]i\s consid]ation & ! mo/ c>efully appli$ treatm5t2 & !y m>k ! l9es along :i* m5 :o h ! faculty ( obs]vation & a capacity = p]sonal int]pretation c travel to great accompli%m5t4 ,!re is1 inde$1 h>dly any k9d ( s5tim5t t does n1 9 ?is connexion1 l5d itself well to ! arti/'s purpose3 trag$y1 dome/ic drama1 romance1 pure fantasy1 com$y ev51 are all p]missible1 & (t5 a picture ) ! mo/ attractive qualities c be made out ( a pla9 /atem5t ( ev]yday facts1 s picturesque is ! sett+ :i* ! sea life provides = ! p :o lead x4 ,dur+ rec5t ye>s1 inde$1 _m pa9t]s h e/abli%$ !mselves by ! sea ) ! express int5tion ( seek+ !re mat]ial = important works1 & _m o!rs h paid long visits to our coa/s = ! sake ( /udy+ at close qu>t]s ! subjects :i* are s pl5tifully available2 & ^! m5 h n f\nd x necess>y to dep>t f /rict reality to give int]e/ & conv9c+ /r5g? to _! pictures4 ,by be+ true to fact1 by record+ fai?fully :at !y saw ar\nd !m1 !y h add$ to ,briti% art mu* t is well wor? possess+1 & !y h prov$ t realism "u suitable conditions is a factor ( inf9ite value 9 pictorial production4 ,!y h _h ample scope = ! ex]cise ( _! selective s5se & = ! use ( _! p[]s ( obs]vation1 & ev5 ?\gh !y h *os5 to deal ) a cle>ly def9$ class ( mat]ial !y h n be5 hamp]$ by limitations :i* *eck$ ! free expression ( _! temp]am5tal pref]5ces4 ,?is is because ! sea life is s ab\nd+ 9 action1 & because ! p :o lead x are ( s _m types & s un/]eotyp$ 9 _! ways1 t to ! pa9t] :o works by ! sea a con/ant succession ( new motives is pres5t$1 & motives1 too1 :i* by _! picturesqu5ess & human int]e/ satisfy completely ! arti/ic dem&4 ,cle>ly1 9 m>9e pa9t+ !re is no lack ( opportunities4 ,9 its v>i\s bran*es x (f]s to ! arti/ room = ! mo/ div]g5t activities & x all[s him a spaci\s field = ! ex]cise ( 8 p[]s4 ,if he aspires to conqu] difficulties !y are !re 9 pl5ty1 difficulties :i* h to be met ) c\rage & h&l$ ) discretion4 ,if he is cont5t ) simple tasks !re are _m :i* w occupy him agreeably & be well wor? work+ out4 ,if he is a s]i\s /ud5t ( nature's manife/ations !y are set be=e him 9 pr(usion1 & ! :ole array ( h] my/]ies is p>ad$ = 8 in/ruction2 & if humanity is 8 subject1 all ! actors 9 ! drama ( sea life are !re to inspire him ) _! do+s & to /ir 8 imag9ation ) ! record ( _! a*ievem5ts4 ,always ! contact ) ! sea br+s him some?+ fre% t leads him into new tra9s ( ?\ght & sugge/s to him new ways ( apply+ 8 te*nical skill2 b always ! dem& is made ^u him t he %\ld put =? ! :ole ( 8 ef=t to rea* & ma9ta9 ! highe/ /&>d ( arti/ic practice4 ,!re is no place 9 m>9e pa9t+ = ! man :o1 tak+ ! l9e ( lea/ resi/ance1 seeks by compromise & conv5tion to gloss ov] 8 want ( k & tries by sup]ficial clev]ness ( h&l+ to div]t att5tion f ! incomplet5ess ( 8 analysis4 ,an arti/ ( ?is sort _h bett] let ! sea alone & *oose some?+ simpl] & less ab\nd+ ) pitfalls = 8 inexp]i5ce4 ,,notes ,,on ,,! ,,illu/rations ,?is s]ies ( reproductions ( pa9t+s by arti/s :o h giv5 p>ticul> att5tion to m>9e pa9t+ 9 its v>i\s aspects has be5 made z compreh5sive z possible s t x may illu/rate adequately a subject capable ( ! wide/ application4 ,examples belong+ to diff]5t p]iods h be5 includ$ to %[ :at h be5 ! *anges & developm5ts dur+ a t]m ( ne>ly two hundr$ ye>s1 & :at has be5 ! nature ( ! appeal ( ! sea to m5 ( widely diff]+ temp]am5ts4 ,! conv5tional arrangem5t1 ! poetic transcription ( fact1 ! reali/ic /udy1 ! decorative int]pretation1 & ! frank expression ( ! mod]n idea are all pres5t$ & are available = intellig5t comp>ison4 ,! capabilities1 too1 ( m>9e pa9t+ are made cle>1 & ! ext5t ( opportunity x af=ds to ! s]i\s /ud5t ( art4 ,!re are illu/rations :i* h a specially in/ructive significance because ( ! te*nical k ( ! subject display$ 9 !m2 !re are o!rs :i* are int]e/+ on acc\nt ( _! imag9ative quality2 & !re are o!rs aga9 :i* reveal ! inspiration ( ! sea life & reflect ! _s by :i* x is guid$4 ,all ^! h _! "p 9 ! record ( ,briti% m>9e pa9t+1 & are bo? valuable hi/orically & wor?y ( consid]ation = arti/ic reasons4 ,rightly1 an e>ly place 9 ?is record mu/ be assign$ to ,*>les ,brook+1 because 9 8 works c be se5 = ! fir/ "t ! cle> int5tion to /udy m>9e subjects ) a p]ception ( _! inh]5t *>act]i/ics4 ,brook+'s intimate k ( %ipp+1 acquir$ dur+ 8 e>ly days at ,dept=d ,docky>d1 is pla9ly %[n 9 su* a picture z ,! ,calm 7p4 #ce71 :i* has an attractive tru? & precision ( /atem5t4 ,x is a matt] = mu* regret t 8 e>ly dea? %\ld h cut %ort a c>e] :i* 0 s full ( promise1 & 9 :i* he accompli%$ s mu* t des]ves to be rememb]$2 b hon\r is due to him z ! pa9t] :o gave to our s*ool ( m>9e pa9t+ its f\ndation ( accurate obs]vation & c>eful reg>d = ! actualities ( ! subject4 ,o!r m5 c>ri$ on ably ! tradition he _h e/abli%$1 & 9 a comp>atively %ort "t !re grew up a by no means inconsid]able gr\p ( pa9t]s :o took an effective int]e/ 9 ! pictorial mat]ial ) :i* ! sea provid$ !m4 ,)9 half a c5tury ( 8 dea? he _h _m successors1 "s ( :om 7 true sea pa9t]s1 ?\gh1 p]haps1 ! majority 7 l&scape m5 :o includ$ ! sea 9 _! /udy ( nature's manife/ations1 & only turn$ to x1 m or less frequ5tly1 9 ! int]vals ( _! m usual "w4 ,yet 9 ?is latt] class 7 c\nt$ "s ( ! greate/ ,briti% ma/]s ^: a*ievem5ts rank among ! be/ by :i* our s*ool is di/+ui%$4 ,to ! company ( ^! ma/]s c]ta9ly belongs ,george ,morl&1 ! erratic g5ius :o1 rang+ ov] a wide field ( subjects1 f\nd t ! sea 0 (t5 "o ( ! mo/ helpful s\rces ( 8 inspiration4 ,8 coa/ sc5es--( :i* ! ,fi%]m5 ,haul+ 9 a ,boat 7p4 #cg7 is a good example--h a *>act]i/ic measure ( /r5u\s vitality & are pa9t$ ) all ! sur5ess ( t\* t m>k$ 8 h&l+ ( ! ru/ic motives :i* occupi$ s mu* ( 8 att5tion4 ,morl&1 h[ev]1 did n pa9t m>9e pictures s frequ5tly z 8 contempor>y1 ,john ,wilson1 :o 0 a consi/5t /ud5t ( ! sea & liv$ = "s ye>s at ,folke/one4 ,8 capacity c sc>cely be que/ion$4 ,! picture reproduc$ 7p4 #ch7 has a v mod]n fre%ness ( mann] & %[s exceptional k ( wave movem5t & atmosph]ic subtleties1 & ?\gh !re is 9 x some?+ ( ! conv5tion ( ! p]iod1 x c]ta9ly conveys ! s5tim5t ( nature4 ,ano!r ma/] :o made _m digressions into sea pa9t+ 0 ,con/able2 a numb] ( sea & coa/ pictures are includ$ among 8 m memorable p]=mances4 ,8 ,*esil ,bea* 7p4 #ci7 has ! bett] qualities ( 8 art1 its /r5g? & s9c]ity1 its robu/ directness1 & its s5se ( rightly e/imat$ reality4 ,)\t be+ 9 any way dry or dull x is s+ul>ly fai?ful 9 its /atem5t ( ! facts ( ! subject & 9 its adh]5ce to nature's au?ority2 & x be>s decisively ! /amp ( ! arti/'s p]sonality4 ,ev5 m p]sonal bo? 9 po9t ( view & 9 mann] ( int]pretation are ! pictures by ,turn]1 t greate/ ( all pa9t]s ( ! sea4 ,no "o b ,turn] c\ld h atta9$ su* a height ( dramatic p[] z is rea*$ 9 ,l[e/(t 7p4 #de71 & ,! ,%ipwreck 7p4 #da71 9 :i* ! maje/y & ! trag$y ( ! sea are express$ ) ov]:elm+ /r5g?4 ,only a supreme ma/] c\ld h kept conception & execution 9 su* p]fect relation1 or c\ld be s vehem5t 9 conviction )\t laps+ into bomba/4 ,b ,turn] 0 a ma/] )\t a pe]1 & 9 ^! two pictures--& ! extraord9>ily sugge/ive & my/]i\s ,f>ne ,isl& 7p4 #dd7--;he is se5 to r>e advantage4 ,yet he 0 n less evid5tly a ma/] :5 he *ose to deal ) less ambiti\s mat]ial1 :5 he pa9t$ subjects l ! ,ya*t ,rac+ 9 ! ,sol5t 7p4 #dc71 & ,! ,pr9ce ( ,orange ,l&+ at ,torbay 7p4 #db71 9 :i* no tragic note 0 ne$$1 & no great] problem 0 pres5t$ ?an ! expression ( ! breezy fre%ness ( a re/less sea4 ,always1 ! acut5ess ( 8 vision1 ! dep? ( 8 und]/&+1 & ! consummate c]ta9ty ( 8 me?od c be realiz$1 :atev] may h be5 8 mood or 8 int5tion4 ,beside ,turn]1 ,john ,?omson ( ,dudd+/on c be assign$ b a m9or place2 yet1 amateur ?\gh he 01 he _c be pass$ ov] z unwor?y to be reckon$ among ! m accompli%$ ( ! e>li] sea pa9t]s4 ,m9i/] ( a *ur* 9 ,scotl&1 he 0 able to practise 8 art only 9 ! int]vals ( 8 cl]ical duties1 b z c be judg$ f 8 ,fa/ ,ca/le 7p4 #dg7 he _h real ability & mu* comm& ( te*nical processes4 ,he belongs to a p]iod ( great importance 9 ,briti% art1 a p]iod :i* produc$ n only ,turn] & ,con/able1 b o!r ma/]s ( high rank1 two ( :om1 ,cotman & ,david ,cox1 pa9t$ m>9e pictures frequ5tly & treat$ !m ) delightful sympa?y4 ,cotman's broad1 dignifi$ me?od is well se5 9 ,a ,galiot 9 a ,/orm 7p4 #dh71 a composition f9ely design$ & conv9c+ 9 its l>ge simplicity2 & ,david ,cox's exquisite p]ception ( beauties ( atmosph]ic effect is r>ely bett] evid5c$ ?an 9 8 delicate & lum9\s ,calais ,pi] 7p4 #di71 a /udy ( sea & sky :i* c be unres]v$ly prais$ = its s5sitiv5ess & tru?4 ,x is z rightly se5 z x is attractively pa9t$4 ,!re is mu* less fre$om & spontaneity 9 ,pyne's ,totl& ,bay 7p4 #ea71 & yet ?is picture has a s*ol>ly quality t entitles x to respect1 ?\gh x is a little too =mal & consci\s4 ,b at ! beg9n+ ( ! n9ete5? c5tury !re 0 a fa%ion = elegant =mality1 & ,pyne 01 p]haps1 induc$ to foll[ ?is fa%ion by 8 /udy ( ,italian sc5]y4 ,z a sea pa9t] he c sc>cely be comp>$ ) ,george ,*amb]s & ,cl>kson ,/anfield1 :o 7 ( ! same date1 & bo? ( :om _h mu* pr(essional exp]i5ce ( ! sea be=e !y became arti/s4 ,*amb]s drew %ipp+ ) admirable accuracy--!re is ample pro( ( ?is 9 8 picture1 ,(f ,portsm\? 7p4 #eb7--;& knew ! ways ( ! sea intimately2 ,/anfield 0 also an excell5t draughtsman1 b on ! :ole 0 m artificial ?an ,*amb]s4 ,bo? m5 7 = "s :ile successful sc5e pa9t]s1 & 9 ,/anfield's "w p>ticul>ly ! influ5ce ( ! !atre is app>5t2 !re is an obvi\s sc5ic quality 9 su* pictures z ! ,entrance to ! ,zuyd] ,zee 7p4 #ed7 & ,! ,port ( ,la ,ro*elle 7p4 #ec72 & 8 ,coa/ ,sc5e 7p4 #ee7 is plann$ & compos$ ) ! sc5e-pa9t]'s feel+ = con/ruction & di/ribution ( detail4 ,b1 despite ! !atrical atmosph]e ( 8 art1 ,/anfield's a*ievem5ts are n to be despis$1 because ! f\ndation ( !m 0 s\nd & ! k he display$ 9 !m 0 acquir$ at fir/ h&4 ,dyce's ,pegwell ,bay 7p4 #eg7 is int]e/+ = two reasons1 z a digression by a successful figure pa9t] into op5-air "w1 & z an illu/ration ( ! influ5ce ex]cis$ by ! ,pre-,raphaelite movem5t ^u ! pa9t]s ( ! "t4 ,x is an extraord9>y piece ( precise /atem5t1 photographic 9 its accuracy1 & is pa9t$ ) a c>eful reg>d = reality t des]ves recognition4 ,inde$1 its simple hone/y makes x ( m acc\nt ?an su* a picture z ,cooke's ,dut* ,boats 9 a ,calm 7p4 #eh71 :i*1 capable ?\gh x is1 has m ?an a suspicion ( artificiality2 or ?an ,e4 ,t4 ,craw=d's ,closehaul$1 ,cross+ ! ,b> 7p4 #ei71 9 :i* ! spirit$ treatm5t ( ! sea is to "s ext5t disc\nt$ by a c]ta9 clums9ess 9 ! draw+ ( ! sail+-boats & by ! some:at me*anical mann] 9 :i* !y are us$ to help out ! composition4 ,!re is artificiality1 too1 9 ! design ( ,mll]'s ,dr$g+ on ! ,m$way 7p4 #fj71 b x is m clev]ly disguis$1 & ! h&l+ is m accompli%$4 ,all ?ree ( ^! m51 h[ev]1 contribut$ some?+ to ! sequ5ce ( pa9t+s :i* /&s to ! cr$it ( ! ,briti% s*ool1 & all 7 s]i\s obs]v]s ( ! sea4 ,s1 too1 0 ,copley ,field+1 ?\gh o!r subject-matt] ?an ! sea engag$ mu* ( 8 att5tion4 ,b he sp5t a good deal ( 8 "t on ! coa/ & us$ 8 opportunities !re ) consid]able discretion4 ,z a result 8 sea pa9t+s h a sympa!tic quality t is und5iably p]suasive1 & !y d]ive an additional *>m f _! dext]ity ( bru%work & f _! pleasant managem5t ( col\r & tone4 ,! ,coa/ ,sc5e 7p4 #fa7 repres5ts him well2 x is an em95tly skilful te*nical ex]cise1 & x conveys correctly an impression ( ga!r+ /orm & ( ! =ce ( a ris+ w9d4 ,! sugge/ion1 also1 ( cold1 gleam+ light :5 ! sky is p>tly veil$ by d>k cl\ds is suffici5tly true & is made ) due re/ra9t--)\t t ov]-acc5tuation ( tone contra/s :i* is s apt to de/roy bread? & unity ( effect4 ,f ,copley ,field+ to ,edw9 ,hayes is a wide /ep--a jump f ! me?ods ( ! pa/ to ^? ( ! pres5t day4 ,yet 9 actual "t ! two m5 7 n s widely sep>at$1 = ,hayes 0 born "s :ile be=e ,field+ di$1 & c\nt$ sev]al ( ! e>li] ,briti% ma/]s among 8 old] contempor>ies4 ,field+1 h[ev]1 0 br\ght up 9 a tradition :i* _h a /rong hold ^u ! pa9t]s :o 7 work+ at ! beg9n+ ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 & he made no real ef=t to break away f x1 ?\gh 9 8 int]pretation ( x he 01 9 "s respects1 less n>r[ ?an 8 fell[s4 ,b ! =mula influ5c$ him z x did ne>ly all ! o!r m5 ( t date1 & x gave a sort ( set patt]n to ! pa9t+s ev5 ( ^? arti/s :o _h ! s9c]e/ possible desire to be fai?ful to nature & to /udy h] s]i\sly & p]si/5tly4 ,! effect ( ?is =mula 0 to regulate ! composition & to prescribe ! introduction ( %ipp+ 9 c]ta9 specifi$ positions s z to con=m to an accept$ pictorial conv5tion4 ,to its dom9ance is due ! g5]al simil>ity :i* c be p]ceiv$ betwe5 ! works ( ,john ,wilson1 ,*amb]s1 ,craw=d1 & ,mll]1 "h illu/rat$1 & :i* c\ld be foll[$ out 9 _m o!r pictures by ! less] pa9t]s ( ! "t--a simil>ity :i* 0 nei!r accid5tal nor unconsci\s1 b directly induc$ by adh]5ce to :at 7 held to be ! correct pr9ciples ( picture design+4 ,moreov]1 !re seems to h be5 a belief !n t a pa9t+ ( ! sea mu/ h "s add$ int]e/ to assure x ( popul>ity1 = a sea )\t %ipp+ prom95tly plac$ ^u x 0 h>dly ev] attempt$2 an incid5t 0 almo/ always introduc$ or a /ory sugge/$4 ,:5 ,edw9 ,hayes began 8 c>e] ! e>li] tradition 0 los+ its au?ority & 0 be+ replac$ by a less limit$ conception ( ! sea-pa9t]'s mission4 ,to "s ext5t he came "u x 9 8 y\?1 b he 0 naturally responsive to new ideas & kept pace ) ! m mod]n developm5ts4 ,anyh[1 9 8 ,sunset at ,sea 7p4 #fc7 !re is no h9t ( ! old conv5tion1 & !re is no trace ( ! belief t an add$ int]e/ 0 requir$ to make a sea picture attractive4 ,he 0 cont5t to give fai?fully 8 impression ( ! sea z x appe>$ be=e him1 to tell no /ory save nature's own1 & to take = 8 incid5t ! gleam ( sunlight ^u toss+ waves /irr$ into movem5t by ! w9d--a poor subject1 p]haps1 accord+ to ! old /&>ds1 b "o :i* to-day appeals to u z admirably satisfy+ & ess5tially complete4 ,f ! middle ( ! n9ete5? c5tury onw>ds !re has be5 a /eadily gr[+ t5d5cy to enl>ge ! scope ( m>9e pa9t+ & to all[ to ! m5 :o practise x m & m fre$om 9 ! ass]tion ( _! p]sonal feel+ 9 art matt]s4 ,t is :y s mu* mat]ial ( ! mo/ v>i$ "* is available n[ = ! illu/ration ( ?is bran* ( pictorial production1 & :y s _m arti/s seek 9 x opportunities = ! display ( _! capacities4 ,!y c approa* x f ! po9t ( view t suits !m be/1 !y c int]pret :at !y f9d !re 9 ! way t seems to !m mo/ appropriate1 & !y c1 if _! /udy is s9c]e1 get mo/ closely into t\* ) nature's secrets4 ,"o entirely legitimate po9t ( view is giv5 adequate demon/ration 9 ! two pictures1 ,! ,kyles ( ,bute by ,c4 ,p>sons ,knight 7p4 #fe71 & ,f ! ,dorset%ire ,cliffs by ,john ,brett 7p4 #fg74 ,bo? pictures are records1 pla9 & uncompromis+ /atem5ts ( fact1 & 9 nei!r ( !m is any?+ unacc\nt$ = or any detail left = ! imag9ation ( ! spectator to supply4 ,frankly1 ! int5tion ( bo? pa9t]s 0 to put 9 ev]y?+ t ! mo/ acute vision c\ld detect 9 ! sc5e repres5t$ & to atta9 complet5ess by pa9/ak+ ef=t2 & und5iably bo? pa9t]s h ju/ifi$ !mselves by ! ?or\ghness ) :i* !y h c>ri$ out ?is int5tion4 ,yet to _m p s mu* lab\r to prove ! s9c]ity ( ! arti/ w\ld seem to be unnecess>y & to sav\r some:at ( p$antry2 k s lavi%ly display$--& ) su* scrupul\s reg>d = accuracy--is n always p]suasive4 ,b su* pictures h e "r to exi/1 & !re is a place = !m 9 art4 ,s !re is1 too1 = conceptions ( su* a totally diff]5t type z ,! ,wreck by ,c4 ,e4 ,holl[ay 7p4 #fh71 & ! ,m>9e by ,:i/l] 7p4 #fi74 ,^! g to ! opposite extreme1 elim9at+ detail1 avoid+ precise & c>eful explanations1 conc$+ no?+ to ! unimag9ative man :o c only believe :at is made p]fectly cle> to 8 limit$ vision4 ,!y dem& f e "o :o sees !m a full measure ( ?\ght & intellig5t analysis s t ! %rewd und]/&+ :i* controls _! app>5t c>elessness ( me?od c be e/imat$ at its prop] wor?4 ,holl[ay's pa9t+ is1 9 fact1 only a rapid note 9 :i* he has visualiz$ a mom5t>y impression1 b visualiz$ x s surely t he has be5 able to make o!r p see j :at he himself saw 9 ! subject4 ,:i/l]'s ,m>9e is an impression1 too1 a summ>y ( movem5t & wave action2 b x is some?+ m ?an a simple realization ( ! fundam5tal ?+s 9 nature because into ! treatm5t ( x a decorative int5tion has be5 def9itely admitt$4 ,by ! pa9t]'s skill ! =mality ( ! design has be5 clev]ly conceal$1 & by ! spontaneity ( 8 me?od ! delib]ate processes ( 8 art are kept f be+ too app>5t2 b =mality & delib]ation h bo? contribut$ to ! successful evolution ( a v significant picture4 ,q a diff]5t k9d ( s5tim5t p]vades ,hook's vigor\s canvas1 ,! ,seawe$ ,rak] 7p4 #ga74 ,he 0 n conc]n$ ) subtleties ( sugge/ion or ) problems ( decorative adju/m5t1 b ) ! robu/ repres5tation ( nature's rugg$ness1 & !re 0 a simple hone/y 9 8 virile1 =cible "w4 ,he und]/ood ! sea1 & ?\gh he look$ at x 9 r a lit]al way he nev] made 8 pa9t+s ( x commonplace4 ,p>tly ?is 0 due1 no d\bt1 to ! unaffect$ directness ( 8 executive devices & to ! frankness ( 8 craftsman%ip--he nev] resort$ to any graceful artifices to s(t5 (f ! b>e facts ( 8 subjects--b !re came 9 also ! influ5ce ( a temp]am5t :i* 0 by no means ins5sible to ! romance ( ! sea & to ! sombre poetry ( ! seaman's life4 ,t ,hook 0 "o ( ! greate/ ( ,briti% m>9e pa9t]s c fairly be claim$4 ,b great] /ill 0 ,h5ry ,moore1 great] because 8 insight 0 ev5 m acute & because1 :ile he equall$ ,hook 9 robu/ness1 he us$ 8 p[]s ) m res]ve4 ,he 0 a f9] col\ri/1 a tru] judge ( tone relations1 & m s5sitive to ref9em5ts ( atmosph]ic effect2 & z an executant he _h a light] & m flexible t\*4 ,a lifelong pa9t] ( ! op5 air1 he began to /udy ! sea almo/ at ! outset ( 8 c>e]1 & = "s ye>s alt]nat$ betwe5 l&scapes & m>9e pictures1 b ev5tually devot$ himself almo/ exclusively to ! bran* ( practice 9 :i*1 z he pla9ly prov$1 he 0 )\t a s]i\s rival4 ,! p>ticul> *>m ( 8 "w--a *>m t is v app>5t 9 ! two examples reproduc$--is 9 its sugge/ion ( space & wide expansiv5ess1 & ( ! recession ( ! surface ( ! sea to ! f> horizon4 ,f su* a picture z ,a ,breezy ,day--:i* =ms a frontispiece to ?is article--_m lessons are to be le>n$ 9 ! managem5t ( tone values to express di/ance1 & 9 ! treatm5t ( cl\ds n z a backgr\nd b z an ov]hang+ canopy 9 true p]spective2 & bo? ?is & ! ,break 9 ! ,cl\d 7p4 #gb7 %[ mo/ cle>ly ! c]ta9ty ) :i* he c\ld draw ! =m ( diff]5t k9ds ( waves & give to !m _! prop] movem5t4 ,& all ?is he did )\t appe>ance ( lab\r & )\t exagg]at$ display ( te*nical facility1 b inv>iably ) ! quiet confid5ce t comes f exact & well-tri$ k4 ,col9 ,hunt]'s ,f>ewell to ,skye 7p4 #gc7 seems1 someh[1 to h ab\t x a t\* ( s5tim5tality & to be lack+ 9 =ce4 ,p]haps ?is impression comes p>tly f ! title1 b x is enc\rag$ also by ! sweetness ( ! composition ) its fl[ ( curv+ l9es & its c>efully balanc$ di/ribution ( lights & d>ks4 ,b z a /udy ( a picturesque coa/ sc5e ! picture is pleas+1 & z a note ( an effect ( ev5+ illum9ation x has mu* m]it4 ,x repres5ts well an arti/ :o possess$ 8 full %>e ( ! ,scotti% feel+ = romance & ^: me?ods 7 s\nd1 & x c ju/ly claim a place among ! m popul> ( mod]n m>9e pa9t+s4 ,!re is a place1 too1 = ,w4 ,mc,taggart's ,s\nd+ ,sea 7p4 #gd71 a picture v diff]5t 9 inspiration & te*nical mann] & yet z def9itely expressive ( ! ,scotti% temp]am5t4 ,l all ,mc,taggart's works1 x arre/s att5tion by ! /r5g? ( its p]sonal conviction & by ! *>act]i/ic me?od ( h&l+ t he has employ$1 & to ?is att5tion x is fully entitl$4 ,frank ,brangwyn's ,9 ,port 7p4 #ge7 has a /ory to tell1 ! /ory ( a voyage end$ & ( ! safe arrival ( a homew>d-b\nd %ip4 ,! arti/ has n embroid]$ 8 subject ) any t\*es ( fancy2 he has dealt ) x z a simple matt] ( fact & z an ev]yday incid5t 9 ! conc]ns ( a seaport t[n--an incid5t :i* excites h>dly m ?an mom5t>y int]e/ among ! idl]s on ! quay4 ,yet by ?is v retic5ce he seems to give po9t to 8 /ory & to emphasize ! ,briti% attitude t[>ds sea life z some?+ to :i* ! p are accu/om$ & :i* !y treat z an obvi\s "p ( ! national h]itage4 ,x is1 p]haps1 because he has be5 at sea himself t he has no incl9ation to be ei!r s5sational or s5tim5tal 9 pa9t+ :at a sailor w\ld reg>d z a v ord9>y occurr5ce2 x is und\bt$ly to 8 exp]i5ce afloat t c be ascrib$ ! air ( intimacy :i* p]vades ! picture & ! /]l+ accuracy ) :i* e detail ( x is r5d]$4 ,( c\rse1 z a pa9t] he is exceptionally di/+ui%$1 b ev5 ! pa9t] ( di/9ction is none ! worse = possess+ an exp]t te*nical und]/&+ ( ! mat]ial :i* he proposes to depict ^u 8 canvas4 ,9 ?is in/ance ! comb9ation ( nautical exp]i5ce & high arti/ic ability has be5 productive ( unusually satisfy+ results4 ,x is que/ionable :e!r to ,t4 ,b4 ,h>dy has z yet be5 assign$ ! position among ,briti% arti/s :i* is due to him on acc\nt ( ! m]it ( 8 "w4 ,a prolific & popul> pa9t] he possibly spread 8 en]gies ov] too wide a field & fell into ! habit ( ov]-production4 ,b 9 8 be/ pictures he rea*$ a v high level ( accompli%m5t1 & z a sea pa9t] he 0 especially successful4 ,a ,*ange ( ,w9d1 ,b\logne ,h>b\r 7p4 #gg71 :i* has be5 *os5 to repres5t him1 ranks among ! be/ ?+s ( its class1 on acc\nt ( its accuracy ( obs]vation & its p[]ful realization1 n only ( ! action ( ! sea1 b ( ! wea!r conditions1 too1 by :i* ?is action 0 induc$4 ,9 design ! picture is to "s degree a rev]sion to an e>li] type1 b 9 _s & mann] ( execution x is ess5tially a mod]n ef=t1 & br+s a pa/ tradition logically up to date4 ,napi] ,hemy's ,boat ,adrift 7p4 #gh7 owes none ( its inspiration to ! old] sea pa9t]s1 or at all ev5ts to none e>li] ?an ,hook4 ,!re is a h9t ( ,hook's robu/ness & solid realism1 b ! "* & quality ( ! h&l+1 ! con/ructive s5se1 & ! obs]vation ( ! lift & sweep ( ! waves are all ,hemy's own4 ,he took 8 subject f> too s]i\sly to dep5d ^u any "o else = 8 inspiration1 & he /udi$ x afloat "u all aspects & 9 all sorts ( wea!r1 n z a l&sman :o limit$ himself to :at he c\ld see f ! %ore4 ,8 ?or\ghness _h its full rew>d1 = x is by 8 m>9e pa9t+s t 8 reputation z "o ( our lead+ arti/s has be5 e/abli%$1 ?\gh 9 8 e>ly days he 0 a figure pa9t] & made "s success ) l&scape z well4 ,ano!r in/ance ( a figure-pa9t]'s judici\s deal+ ) ! subtleties ( ! sea is to be se5 9 ,sir ,john ,lav]y's ,ev5+--! ,coa/ ( ,spa9 f ,tangi] 7p4 #gi74 ,he has f\nd some?+ "h well wor? record+1 an effect ( w>m ev5+ light ov] /ill wat]s :i* ripple g5tly on a flat bea*1 a subject full ( col\r & delicate a]ial sugge/ion4 ,he has int]pret$ x ) t5d]ness & sympa?y1 b )\t desc5d+ into m]e prett9ess1 & )\t los+ ! /r5g? ( ! subject4 ,a picture s happily conceiv$ des]ves ! s9c]e/ welcome4 ,an entirely diff]5t class ( "w is exemplifi$ 9 ,w4 ,l4 ,wyllie's ambiti\s composition1 ,blake's ,?ree ,days ,engagem5t ) ,van ,tromp 7p4 #ha74 ,?is is nei!r a simple piece ( nature nor a repres5tation ( a normal incid5t 9 our mod]n life1 b an imag9ative recon/ruction ( an hi/orical sc5e4 ,to build x up a va/ am\nt ( rese>* & consultation ( au?orities 7 ne$$1 to c>ry x out conv9c+ly a v ?or\gh acqua9tance ) ! sea 0 indisp5sable--bo? conditions h be5 excell5tly satisfi$ by ! arti/4 ,8 picture is entirely cr$ible3 he makes u believe t he has put be=e u :at actually happ5$1 & he treats ! :ole motive ) a seamanlike und]/&+ t cle>s x ( all suspicion ( artificiality4 ,compositions ( ?is type 7 popul> a c5tury ago1 :5 ! sea pa9t]s _h opportunities to witness su* picturesque1 y>d-arm to y>d-arm naval actions2 ! sea-fights ( to-day d n l5d !mselves s well to ! arti/'s purposes4 ,a good deal ( ! drama mu/ inevitably be lo/ :5 miles ( wat] int]v5e betwe5 ! oppos+ fleets4 ,a sailor's acqua9tance ) ! sea gives a p>ticul> po9t to ! "w ( ,?omas ,som]scales4 ,8 pictures1 ,(f ,valp>aiso 7p4 #hb7 & ,be=e ! ,gale 7p4 #hc71 h an unpret5ti\s reality t c be accept$ 9 p]fect good fai?4 ,!y are di/+ui%$ by an unusual /raight=w>dness1 & by a simplicity ( mann] & me?od t is curi\sly effective2 & !y tell u1 because !y are s simple & /raight=w>d1 m ab\t ! sea ?an we c le>n f pa9t+s :i* are mu* full] ( detail & accessory incid5t4 ,r4 ,w4 ,allan's ,(f to ! ,fi%+ ,gr\nds 7p4 #hd71 & ,c4 ,w4 ,simpson's ,l&+ ,fi% 7p4 #he71 h to d ) life 9 home wat]s in/ead ( ! adv5tur+ ( ocean-go+ %ips1 b !y are none ! less int]e/+ on t acc\nt4 ,9 ! fir/ picture1 inde$1 ! *ance ( work+ out a v agreeable l9e composition has be5 us$ by ! arti/ ) ! be/ ( judgm5t1 & he has ent]$ ?or\ghly into ! _s ( 8 subject4 ,9 ! ,l&+ ,fi%1 a good illu/ration is giv5 ( ! way 9 :i* a p]fectly lit]al /atem5t ( a sc5e1 = :i* almo/ any fi%+-port w\ld provide a sett+1 c be made arti/ically important by a pa9t] :o looks at x sympa!tically & :o c induce o!r p to look at x ?r\gh 8 eyes4 ,!re are few occupations c>ri$ on s picturesquely z t ( ! fi%]man or among surr\nd+s s full ( v>i$ pictorial possibilities2 & !re are few] /ill :i* (f] s _m picture subjects ready-made4 ,to turn f works su* z ^! to ,h]b]t ,drap]'s ,fly+ ,fi% 7p4 #hg71 is to *ange abruptly f fact to fancy1 f a frank r5d]+ ( ?+s z !y are to a fanta/ic sugge/ion ( some?+ t nev] exi/$ save 9 ! arti/'s imag9ation4 ,b ! realities ( ! deep (t5 seem s fanta/ic1 ev5 to ! p :o h _h long exp]i5ce ( !m1 t ! arti/ may surely be =giv5 = build+ ^u !m fancies ( 8 own4 ,inde$1 ?is wat] nymph at play 9 ! elem5t to :i* %e belongs appe>s mu* m cr$ible ?an _m ( ! sea mon/]s :i* h be5 prov$ to be actually 9 exi/5ce2 & by ! arti/'s skill %e is pres5t$ z a v pleas+ embodim5t ( ! _s ( ! sea--sportive1 irresponsible1 & ru?less too1 b beautiful & int5sely alive4 ,x is n good = u to be always mat]ial-m9d$ & matt]-(-fact1 s we c all[ to ! m]maid a place 9 art ev5 ?\gh we "k t %e has be5 classifi$ by sci5ce z m]ely a species ( sea-c[--a mo/ unpoetic translation ( an anci5t my?4 ,!re is no?+ ei!r my?ical or fanta/ic ab\t ,h4 ,s4 ,tuke's ,augu/ ,blue 7p4 #hh72 on ! contr>y x is a purely reali/ic pa9t+ ( a mo/ ord9>y subject--"s boys ba?+ f a boat on a calm sunlit sea4 ,b out ( ?is q ord9>y mat]ial he has built up a picture ) an exceptional degree ( dignity1 l>gely felt1 & ) a k9d ( classic di/9ction ( mann]4 ,b !re is 9 x no coldness or want ( human int]e/2 x is liv+1 animat$1 & ess5tially ( to-day1 & :olly "r 9 its fre%1 un=c$ naturalism4 ,easy1 flu5t draughtsman%ip & /r5g? ( design help to make x a memorable ex]cise 9 descriptive pa9t+4 ,! next ?ree pictures1 ,sir ,david ,murray's ,! ,fi5d's ,wea!r 7p4 #hi71 ,:]e ! ,somme meets ! ,sea1 by ,tom ,rob]tson 7p4 #ij71 & ,m(fat ,l9dn]'s ,! ,/orm-,cl\d1 ,*ri/*ur* ,h>b\r 7p4 #ia71 provide a suffici5tly /rik+ contra/ 9 effects ( atmosph]e4 ,! fir/ sugge/s ! turmoil ( a ga!r+ /orm1 ?reat5+ ru9 & de/ruction to ev]y?+ 9 its pa? & sweep+ irresi/ibly ov] l& & sea4 ,9 8 treatm5t ( x ! arti/ has made ! mo/ ( a dramatic opportunity to %[ h[ ?or\gh has be5 8 /udy ( nature & h[ well he und]/&s h] ways1 ev5 :5 %e is 9 "o ( h] mo/ p]v]se moods4 ,! second picture f9ds h] at h] g5tle/ mom5t1 exquisitely calm & peaceful & p]fectly 9 repose2 ! ?ird at a "t :5 b5ea? h] smile lies a ?reat1 & :5 almo/ )\t w>n+ a sudd5 outbur/ may break ! quiet ( a summ] ev5+4 ,all ?ree pa9t+s des]ve att5tion1 = !y repres5t arti/s :o are prom95t among/ u to-day & ^: "w is ) ju/ice widely appreciat$4 ,ano!r pa9t] :o h&les coa/ subjects ) notable ability is ,w4 ,russell ,fl9t4 ,8 two wat]-col\rs1 ,! ,fane ,isl&s 7p4 #ic7 & ,pass+ ,sails 7p4 #ie71 h a bread? & di/9ction ( mann] & a brilliant directness ( bru%work t c be unres]v$ly admir$4 ,8 simplifi$ me?od ( deal+ ) nature's facts is v effective1 z x gives pla9ly ! real ess5tials )\t any lab\r+ ( detail & )\t div]t+ att5tion f ! ?+s t he wi%es to emphasize4 ,x has a decorative value1 too1 & adds a quality ( /yle to 8 "w4 ,dur+ ! la/ few ye>s he has produc$ _m pa9t+s ( ?is type--coa/ sc5es ) figures--& he has kept !m consi/5tly at a high level ( accompli%m5t4 ,cecil ,k+'s delightful ,regatta ,day at ,appl$ore 7p4 #ih7 has to d ) ! light] side ( sea life1 & 8 ,h4,m4,s4 8,wolsey0 7p4 #ig7 ) matt]s mu* m s]i\s4 ,! ,regatta ,day1 z its subject befits1 is a lively & brightly treat$ /udy1 full ( incid5t1 & attractively irresponsible 9 composition4 ,x has bo? p[] & orig9ality1 & x puts beyond "q 8 capabilities z a draughtsman because x pres5ts a difficult problem 9 p]spective :i* he has solv$ mo/ happily4 ,b mu* ( its *>m comes f ! holiday _s 9 :i* x is conceiv$ & c>ri$ out4 ,! ,h4,m4,s4 8,wolsey0 is m sob]1 & conveys well ! idea ( ! grim simplicity ( ! practical fight+ ma*9e built = use1 n ornam5t4 ,norman ,wilk9son is a v]satile arti/ :o does _m ?+s well1 & :o yields to no "o at ! pres5t "t 9 k ( ! pictorial *ances :i* ! sea provides4 ,he is %[n "h "u m ?an "o aspect--z a pa9t] ( int]e/+ realities 9 8 panoramic ,plym\? ,h>b\r 7p4 #ajj71 z a v acute /ud5t ( wave movem5t 9 ,up ,*annel 7p4 #ajc7 & ,! ,wave 7p4 #aja71 & z a mak] ( rapid & sugge/ive notes 9 8 sket* ,etretat 7p4 #ii74 ,( ^! examples ! mo/ arre/+ 9 _m ways is ,! ,wave2 x has su* an unusual am\nt ( vitality1 x is s s]i\sly obs]v$ & yet s free & unlab\r$1 & x is s correct n only 9 action b also 9 matt]s ( light+ & reflection & ( col\r v>iation z well4 ,?is is an in/ance ( ! happy alliance ( ! sci5ce & ! art ( m>9e pa9t+ to br+ ab\t a p]fectly balanc$ result4 ,w9db\nd 7p4 #ajd71 by ,hely ,smi?1 & ,! ,ne$les 7p4 #ajg71 by ,*>les ,pe>s1 are in%ore /udies1 notes ( incid5ts :i*1 ?\gh !y are undramatic1 l5d !mselves well to ! pa9t]s' purposes4 ,! ,ne$les1 ) its s5se ( breez9ess & ( ! r\gh-&-tumble ( a tide-race1 is a picture t excites a di/9ctly pleasurable emotion1 s mu* is !re 9 x ( ! joy ( liv+ :5 ! sun %9es brightly & ! w9d bl[s briskly & ! sea is sp>kl+ & full ( col\r4 ,! o!r two pictures by ,*>les ,pe>s1 ,! ,exam9ation 7p4 #ajf7 & ,! ,ya*t ,race 7p4 #aje71 make a contra/ ( grave & gay--a contra/ betwe5 ! d>k mom5ts ( w> & ! happy times ( peace4 ,nei!r ,w4 ,m>%all ,br[n 9 ,! ,sea 7p4 #aji71 nor ,julius ,olsson 9 ,! ,night ,wrack 7p4 #aaj7 & ,heavy ,wea!r 9 ! ,*annel 7p4 #aaa71 seek to make _! pictures m attractive by add+ to !m any subsidi>y incid5t4 ,!y are cont5t to dep5d = success ^u ! pla9 /atem5t ( ?+s !y h se5 9 ! sea itself & to be pa9t]s ( ! sea1 & ! sea alone4 ,b bo? ( !m h f\nd /irr+ subjects1 impressively /rong & call+ = a p>ticul> decisiv5ess ( me?od1 & bo? h prov$ fully equal to ! occasion4 ,( ^! ?ree canvases p]haps ! mo/ l>gely se5 & ! f9e/ 9 its grasp ( ! motive z a :ole is ! ,heavy ,wea!r 9 ! ,*annel1 :i* has really monum5tal bread? & dignity4 ,betwe5 ^! p[]ful pa9t+s & ^? ( ! ,hon4 ,duff ,tollema*e & ,a4 ,j4 ,w4 ,burgess1 :i* h a simil> /hetic int5tion1 come 9 ! sequ5ce ( ! illu/rations two v int]e/+ works ( ,walt] ,bayes1 ,! ,timid ,ba!r 7p4 #aac7 & ,! ,r$ ,bea* 7p4 #aab74 ,^! make an intellig5t compromise betwe5 realism & ab/ract decoration2 !y are designs work$ out ) a s\nd idea ( patt]n-mak+ & 9 accordance ) a pre-conceiv$ s*eme ( arrangem5t1 b ! details ( :i* !y are compos$ h be5 /udi$ f nature ) s]i\s & obs]vant vision4 ,!y are fancies ) a solid f\ndation ( fact1 :ile ,! ,wat* t ,nev] ,ends 7p4 #aaf7 & ,! ,sc>bor\gh ,fleet 7p4 #aag71 by ,burgess1 & ! ,/orm on ! ,corni% ,coa/ 7p4 #aae71 by ,tollema*e1 are pure fact all ?r\gh1 & fact /at$ ) well-ju/ifi$ confid5ce4 ,a decorative purpose is v def9itely app>5t 9 ,john ,ev]ett's ,deck ( a ,tea-,clipp] 9 ! ,tropics 7p4 #aah7 & ,break]s 7p4 #aai71 b ?is purpose has be5 fulfill$ ) excell5t judgm5t & em95tly good ta/e4 ,!re is an obvi\s =mality 9 bo? pictures1 & yet ?is =mality does n detract f _! *>m--inde$1 9 ! ,break]s x adds /r5g? to a s5sitive note ( an aft]gl[ effect 9 :i* !re is a delightful p]ception ( tone subtleties & ( v>ieties ( curi\sly relat$ col\r4 ,two absolutely oppos$ po9ts ( view are illu/rat$ 9 ,! ,wave 7p4 #abc71 by ,nev9son1 & ,m>gate 7p4 #aba71 by ,james ,mc,bey4 ,! ,wave is an exposition ( a mod]n !ory ( pictorial expression2 x is set =? ) unhesitat+ cle>ness ( mann] & me?od1 & all[s ! arti/'s attitude to be e/imat$ at its full value4 ,9 su* a s]ies z ?is x fitt+ly has its place because x pres5ts an aspect ( m>9e pa9t+ t has to be consid]$4 ,! ,m>gate sket*1 l ,w4 ,t4 ,m4 ,hawkswor?'s clev] ,l[ ,wat]1 ,p5zance 7p4 #abe71 & ! ,wet ,rocks1 ,/4 ,ives1 by ,r4 ,borlase ,sm>t 7p4 #abf71 is frankly naturali/ic1 pr(ess+ to be no?+ m ?an a pla9 record ( ?+s z !y are1 & prop\nd+ no new !ories ab\t ! developm5t & evolution ( art4 ,its spontane\s delicacy ( h&l+ is "o ( its mo/ evid5t m]its4 ,motor ,laun*es1 by ,g4 ,s4 ,allfree 7p4 #abg71 is an example ( a type ( "w :i* seeks to comb9e actuality & fantasy 9 c>efully /udi$ proportion1 & to produce by ?is comb9ation some?+ t w be m significant ?an an absolutely imitative transcription ( nature4 ,c]ta9 features ( ! picture are exagg]at$ & giv5 m>k$ emphasis s t !y may po9t m def9itely ! mean+ ( ! subject & increase ! /r5g? ( its dramatic sugge/ion4 ,:5 ?is me?od is employ$ ) sane und]/&+--& ) ! necess>y t\* ( imag9ation--x has excell5t results4 ,9 ?is case ! arti/ has se5 correctly h[ f> x w\ld be exp$i5t = him to g & has n spoil$ 8 picture by mak+ x too audaci\s4 ,yet ano!r phase ( mod]n ?\ght 9 art influ5ces ! "w ( ,i4 ,w4 ,brooks1 ^: desire is n s mu* to tell a /ory or to hold ! mirror up to nature z to produce an ornam5tal ab/raction4 ,:5 ! me?ods he employs to atta9 ?is end are n too mu* def9$ ! outcome ( !m is a picture l ,9 ,cymyran ,bay 7p4 #abi71 :i* has a mo/ agreeable re/fulness & decorative balance & is inspir$ by a feel+ ( s]i\s reality4 ,:5 he is m explicit 9 8 processes he arrives at results l ! two coa/ sc5es 7pp4 #abh & #aca71 :i* h ! arbitr>y expression ( a ,japanese pr9t & g z f> 9 _! elim9ation ( ev]y?+ save ! fundam5tals ( ! design4 ,b su* me?ods are und5iably legitimate because :]e !y are us$ ) due discretion !y make possible ! work+ out ( decorative s*emes :i* h bo? di/9ction & beauty4 ,a numb] ( notable pa9t+s ( m>9e subjects /& to ! cr$it ( ,t]rick ,williams1 :o has = "s ye>s pa/ devot$ himself to ?is bran* ( art ) conspicu\s success4 ,"s idea ( ! grace & delicacy ( 8 "w c be obta9$ f ! example %[n1 ,cl\ds ov] ! ,sea1 ,holl& 7p4 #acb72 b naturally x does n reveal ! "* ( 8 col\r4 ,z a col\ri/ he is m ?an ord9>ily end[$1 he has ! real col\r emotion1 & x is always delightfully 9 evid5ce 9 ev]y?+ he does1 & always x is controll$ by an un]r+ ta/e4 ,he has1 too1 an acute p]ception ( ref9em5ts ( tone by :i* he is guid$ surely 9 8 treatm5t ( ! lum9\s atmosph]ic effects to :i* he especially incl9es4 ,8 "r to a place among ! *ief ( ! ,briti% m>9e pa9t]s ( ! pres5t day is indisputable4 ,! la/ two arti/s on ! li/ are v unlike "o ano!r1 s ?is s]ies ( illu/rations ends ) an effective contra/ ( /yles4 ,! picture by ,frank ,emanuel diff]s widely 9 int5tion & mann] f ^? by ,e4 ,a4 ,cox4 ,! ,anci5t ,port ( ,fques 7p4 #acc7 %[s aff9ities bo? 9 /yle & mann] ) ! e>ly n9ete5?-c5tury sea pa9t]s & foll[s _! tradition 9 composition & light-&-%ade arrangem5t4 ,/ill1 ! arti/ has *os5 good mat]ial & has made skilful use ( x4 ,! o!r pa9t]1 ,e4 ,a4 ,cox 7pp4 #acd & #ace71 is a decorator ) a faculty = see+ ?+s l>gely1 & = sett+ !m d[n confid5tly4 ,8 use ( broad1 flat tones is mo/ effective1 & ! vigor\s precision ( 8 draw+ gives a conv9c+ quality to 8 p]=mances4 ,he seems always to "k j :at he wants to d & to be able to d x )\t a mom5t's hesitation--& t implies v assur$ k acquir$ by ! mo/ ?or\gh tra9+4 ,a4 ,l4 ,,baldry ,illu/ration3 8,,! ,,calm40 ,,by ,,*>les ,,brook+ ,photo1 ,mansell 7,9 ! ,national ,gall]y1 ,london7 ,illu/ration3 8,,fi%]m5 ,,haul+ ,,9 ,a ,,boat40 ,,by ,,george ,,morl& ,photo1 ,mansell 7,9 ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum1 ,london7 ,illu/ration3 8,,seapiece40 ,,by ,,john ,h4 ,,wilson1 ,r4,s4,a4 7,9 ! possession ( ,messrs4 ,ar?ur ,too? ,sons7 ,illu/ration3 8,,*esil ,,bea*40 ,,by ,,john ,,con/able1 ,r4,a4 7,9 ! possession ( ,john ,levy1 ,esq41 ,new ,york7 ,illu/ration3 8,,! ,,%ipwreck40 ,,by ,j4 ,m4 ,w4 ,,turn]1 ,r4,a4 ,photo1 ,mansell 7,9 ! ,national ,gall]y ( ,briti% ,art1 ,london7 ,illu/ration3 8,,! ,,pr9ce ,,( ,,orange ,,l&+ ,,at ,,torbay ,,novemb] #e1 #afhh40 ,,by ,j4 ,m4 ,w4 ,,turn]1 ,r4,a4 ,photo1 ,mansell 7,9 ! ,national ,gall]y ( ,briti% ,art1 ,london7 ,illu/ration3 8,,ya*t ,,rac+ ,,9 ,,! ,,sol5t40 ,,by ,j4 ,m4 ,w4 ,,turn]1 ,r4,a4 ,photo1 ,mansell 7,9 ! ,national ,gall]y ( ,briti% ,art1 ,london7 ,illu/ration3 8,,f>ne ,,isl&40 ,,by ,j4 ,m4 ,w4 ,,turn]1 ,r4,a4 7,9 ! ,collection at ,b>bizon ,h\se7 ,illu/ration3 8,,l[e/(t40 ,,by ,j4 ,m4 ,w4 ,,turn]1 ,r4,a4 7,9 ! possession ( ,r4 ,w4 ,lloyd1 ,esq47 ,illu/ration3 8,,fa/ ,,ca/le40 ,,by ,,! ,,rev4 ,,john ,,?omson ,,( ,,dudd+/on1 ,r4,s4,a4 7,9 ! ,collection at ,b>bizon ,h\se7 ,illu/ration3 8,a ,,galiot ,,9 ,a ,,/orm0 ,,by ,,john ,,sell ,,cotman ,photo ,woodbury ,co4 7,9 ! ,national ,gall]y1 ,london7 ,illu/ration3 8,,calais ,,pi]40 ,,by ,,david ,,cox 7,9 ! possession ( ,messrs4 ,?os4 ,agnew ,sons7 ,illu/ration3 ,photo1 ,mansell 7,9 ! ,national ,gall]y ( ,briti% ,art1 ,london7 8,,totl& ,,bay40 ,,by ,j4 ,b4 ,,pyne ,illu/ration3 7,9 ! possession ( ,a4 ,t4 ,holl+swor?1 ,esq47 8,,(f ,,portsm\?40 ,,by ,,george ,,*amb]s ,illu/ration3 7,9 ! possession ( ,messrs4 ,ar?ur ,too? ,sons7 8,,! ,,port ,,( ,,la ,,ro*elle40 ,,by ,w4 ,,cl>kson ,,/anfield1 ,r4,a4 ,illu/ration3 ,photo1 ,mansell 8,,entrance ,,to ,,! ,,zuyd] ,,zee1 ,,texel ,,isl&0 ,,by ,w4 ,,cl>kson ,,/anfield1 ,r4,a4 7,9 ! ,national ,gall]y ( ,briti% ,art1 ,london7 ,illu/ration3 7,9 ! possession ( ,messrs4 ,?os4 ,agnew ,sons7 8,,coa/ ,,sc5e40 ,,by ,w4 ,,cl>kson ,,/anfield1 ,r4,a4 ,illu/ration3 ,photo1 ,mansell 7,9 ! ,national ,gall]y ( ,briti% ,art1 ,london7 8,,pegwell ,,bay1 #aheh40 ,,by ,,william ,,dyce1 ,r4,a4 ,illu/ration3 ,photo1 ,mansell 7,9 ! ,national ,gall]y ( ,briti% ,art1 ,london7 8,,dut* ,,boats ,,9 ,a ,,calm40 ,,by ,e4 ,w4 ,,cooke1 ,r4,a4 ,illu/ration3 ,photo1 ,annan 7,9 ! ,national ,gall]y ( ,scotl&1 ,ed9burgh7 8,,closehaul$1 ,,cross+ ,,! ,,b>40 ,,by ,e4 ,t4 ,,craw=d1 ,r4,s4,a4 ,illu/ration3 ,photo1 ,mansell 7,9 ! ,national ,gall]y ( ,briti% ,art1 ,london7 8,,dr$g+ ,,on ,,! ,,m$way40 ,,by ,,william ,j4 ,m,,ll] ,illu/ration3 7,9 ! possession ( ,messrs4 ,ar?ur ,too? ,sons7 8,,coa/ ,,sc5e40 ,,by ,,copley ,,field+ ,illu/ration3 ,photo1 ,mansell 7,9 ! ,national ,gall]y ( ,briti% ,art1 ,london7 8,,sunset ,,at ,,sea3 ,,f ,,h>lyn ,,bay1 ,,cornwall40 ,,by ,,edw9 ,,hayes1 ,r4,h4,a41 ,r4,i4 ,illu/ration3 ,photo1 ,mansell 7,9 ! ,national ,gall]y ( ,briti% ,art1 ,london7 8,,! ,,kyles ,,( ,,bute40 ,,by ,c4 ,,p>sons ,,knight ,illu/ration3 ,photo1 ,mansell 7,9 ! ,national ,gall]y ( ,briti% ,art1 ,london7 8,,f ,,! ,,dorset%ire ,,cliffs40 ,,by ,,john ,,brett1 ,a4,r4,a4 ,illu/ration3 7,9 ! possession ( ,messrs4 ,william ,m>*ant ,co47 8,,! ,,wreck40 ,,by ,c4 ,e4 ,,holl[ay ,illu/ration3 7,9 ! possession ( ,mrs4 ,lewis ,h9d7 8,,m>9e40 ,,by ,j4 ,mc,n,e,i,l,l ,,:i/l] ,illu/ration3 ,photo1 ,mansell 7,9 ! ,national ,gall]y ( ,briti% ,art1 ,london7 8,,! ,,seawe$ ,,rak]40 ,,by ,j4 ,c4 ,,hook1 ,r4,a4 ,illu/ration3 7,9 ! possession ( ,messrs4 ,ar?ur ,too? ,sons7 8,a ,,break ,,9 ,,! ,,cl\d40 ,,by ,,h5ry ,,moore1 ,r4,a4 ,illu/ration3 ,photo1 ,annan 7,9 ! ,corporation ,art ,gall]y1 ,glasg[7 8,,f>ewell ,,to ,,skye40 ,,by ,,col9 ,,hunt]1 ,a4,r4,a ,illu/ration3 7,by p]mission ( ,messrs4 ,j4 ,maclehose ,sons1 ,publi%]s ( ,mr4 ,james ,l4 ,caw's 8,william ,mc,taggart1 ,r4,s4,a407 8,,! ,,s\nd+ ,,sea40 ,,by ,,william ,mc,t,a,g,g,a,r,t1 ,r4,s4,a4 ,illu/ration3 7,9 ! possession ( ,mr4 ,john ,a4 ,cool+7 8,,9 ,,port40 ,,by ,,frank ,,brangwyn1 ,r4,a4 ,illu/ration3 ,photo1 ,mansell 7,by p]mission ( ! ,le$s ,art ,gall]y ,committee7 8,a ,,*ange ,,( ,,w9d3 ,,b\logne ,,h>b\r40 ,,by ,t4 ,b4 ,,h>dy ,illu/ration3 ,photo1 ,mansell 7,by p]mission ( ! ,oldham ,art ,gall]y ,committee7 8,a ,,boat ,,adrift40 ,,by ,c4 ,,napi] ,,hemy1 ,r4,a41 ,r4,w4,s4 ,illu/ration3 8,,ev5+40 ,,! ,,coa/ ,,( ,,spa9 ,,f ,,tangi]4 ,,by ,,sir ,,john ,,lav]y1 ,a4,r4,a41 ,r4,s4,a4 ,illu/ration3 8,,blake',s ,,?ree ,,days ,,engagem5t ,,) ,,van ,,tromp40 ,,by ,w4 ,l4 ,,wyllie1 ,r4,a4 ,illu/ration3 ,photo1 ,mansell 7,9 ! ,national ,gall]y ( ,briti% ,art1 ,london7 8,,(f ,,valp>aiso40 ,,by ,,?omas ,,som]scales ,illu/ration3 8,,be=e ,,! ,,gale40 ,,by ,,?omas ,,som]scales ,illu/ration3 8,,(f ,,to ,,! ,,fi%+ ,,gr\nds40 ,,by ,,rob]t ,w4 ,,allan1 ,r4,w4,s4 ,illu/ration3 8,,l&+ ,,fi%40 ,,by ,,*>les ,w4 ,,simpson1 ,r4,i41 ,r4,b4,a4 ,illu/ration3 8,,fly+ ,,fi%40 ,,by ,,h]b]t ,,drap] ,illu/ration3 ,photo1 ,mansell 7,9 ! ,national ,gall]y ( ,briti% ,art1 ,london7 8,,augu/ ,,blue40 ,,by ,,h5ry ,s4 ,,tuke1 ,r4,a41 ,r4,w4,s4 ,illu/ration3 8,,! ,,fi5d',s ,,wea!r40 ,,by ,,sir ,,david ,,murray1 ,r4,a41 ,p4,r4,i41 ,a4,r4,s4,a4 ,illu/ration3 8,,:]e ,,! ,,somme ,,meets ,,! ,,sea0 ,,by ,,tom ,,rob]tson ,illu/ration3 7,9 ! possession ( ! ,b>celona ,corporation7 8,,! ,,/orm-,,cl\d1 ,,*ri/*ur* ,,h>b\r0 ,,by ,,m(fat ,,l9dn]1 ,a4,r4,w4,s4 ,illu/ration3 7,9 ! possession ( ,! ,f9e ,art ,society7 8,,! ,,fane ,,isl&s40 ,,by ,w4 ,,russell ,,fl9t1 ,r4,w4,s4 ,illu/ration3 7,9 ! possession ( ,! ,f9e ,art ,society7 8,,pass+ ,,sails40 ,,by ,w4 ,,russell ,,fl9t1 ,r4,w4,s4 ,illu/ration3 7,by p]mission ( ! ,imp]ial ,w> ,museum7 8,h4,m4,s4 #8,,wolsey' ,,9 ,,! ,,ice ,,at ,,libau40 ,,by ,,cecil ,,k+ ,illu/ration3 8,,regatta ,,day ,,at ,,appl$ore40 ,,by ,,cecil ,,k+ ,illu/ration3 8,,etretat40 ,,by ,,norman ,,wilk9son1 ,r4,i4 ,illu/ration3 8,,plym\? ,,h>b\r40 ,,by ,,norman ,,wilk9son1 ,r4,i4 ,illu/ration3 8,,! ,,wave40 ,,by ,,norman ,,wilk9son1 ,r4,i4 ,illu/ration3 8,,up ,,*annel40 ,,by ,,norman ,,wilk9son1 ,r4,i4 ,illu/ration3 8,,w9db\nd40 ,,by ,,hely ,,smi?1 ,r4,b4,a ,illu/ration3 8,,! ,,ya*t ,,race40 ,,by ,,*>les ,,pe>s ,illu/ration3 8,,! ,,exam9ation40 ,,by ,,*>les ,,pe>s ,illu/ration3 8,,! ,,ne$les40 ,,by ,,*>les ,,pe>s ,illu/ration3 8,,! ,,sea40 ,,by ,w4 ,,m>%all ,,br[n1 ,a4,r4,s4,a4 ,illu/ration3 8,,! ,,night ,,wrack40 ,,by ,,julius ,,olsson1 ,a4,r4,a4 ,illu/ration3 8,,heavy ,,wea!r ,,9 ,,! ,,*annel40 ,,by ,,julius ,,olsson1 ,a4,r4,a4 ,illu/ration3 8,,! ,,r$ ,,bea*40 ,,by ,,walt] ,,bayes1 ,a4,r4,w4,s4 ,illu/ration3 8,,! ,,timid ,,ba!r40 ,,by ,,walt] ,,bayes1 ,a4,r4,w4,s4 ,illu/ration3 8,,/orm ,,on ,,! ,,corni% ,,coa/40 ,,by ,,! ,,hon4 ,,duff ,,tollema*e ,illu/ration3 7,9 ! possession ( ,capt4 ,w4 ,n4 ,mc,clean7 8,,! ,,wat* ,,t ,,nev] ,,ends40 ,,by ,,ar?ur ,j4 ,w4 ,,burgess1 ,r4,i4 ,illu/ration3 8,,! ,,sc>bor\gh ,,fleet40 ,,by ,,ar?ur ,j4 ,w4 ,,burgess1 ,r4,i4 ,illu/ration3 8,,! ,,deck ,,( ,a ,,tea-,,clipp] ,,9 ,,! ,,tropics40 ,,by ,,john ,,ev]ett ,illu/ration3 8,,break]s40 ,,by ,,john ,,ev]ett ,illu/ration3 8,,m>gate40 ,,by ,,james ,mc,b,e,y ,illu/ration3 7,9 ! possession ( ,messrs ,erne/ ,br[n ,phillips1 ,! ,leice/] ,gall]ies7 8,,! ,,wave40 ,,by ,c4 ,r4 ,w4 ,,nev9son ,illu/ration3 8,,l[ ,,wat]1 ,,p5zance40 ,,by ,w4 ,t4 ,m4 ,,hawkswor?1 ,r4,b4,a4 ,illu/ration3 8,,wet ,,rocks1 ,,/4 ,,ives40 ,,by ,r4 ,,borlase ,,sm>t1 ,r4,b4,a4 ,illu/ration3 7,by p]mission ( ! ,imp]ial ,w> ,museum7 8,,motor ,,laun*es0 ,,by ,g4 ,s4 ,,allfree ,illu/ration3 8,,coa/ ,,sc5e40 ,,by ,i4 ,w4 ,,brooks ,illu/ration3 8,,9 ,,cymyran ,,bay40 ,,by ,i4 ,w4 ,,brooks ,illu/ration3 8,,coa/ ,,sc5e40 ,,by ,i4 ,w4 ,,brooks ,illu/ration3 8,,cl\ds ,,ov] ,,! ,,sea1 ,,holl&0 ,,by ,,t]rick ,,williams1 ,r4,i4 ,illu/ration3 8,,! ,,anci5t ,,port ,,( ,f,,ques0 ,,by ,,frank ,l4 ,,emanuel ,illu/ration3 8,,elizabe? ,,ca/le1 ,,*annel ,,isl&s0 ,,by ,e4 ,a4 ,,cox1 ,r4,b4,a4 ,illu/ration3 7,9 ! possession ( ,h4 ,a4 ,lay1 ,esq47 8,,! ,,good ,,%ip #8,,rose ,,elizabe? ,,novey4'0 ,,by ,e4 ,a4 ,,cox1 ,r4,b4,a4