,,greek ,,trag$y ,,9 ,,! ,,light ,,( ,,vase ,,pa9t+s ,illu/ration ,illu/ration3 7,size1 ab\t #a #i7 ,,m$eia ,,amphora ,,9 ,,! ,,old ,,p9ako!k1 ,,muni* 7,vid4 p4 #ade ff47 ,,greek ,,trag$y ,,9 ,,! ,,light ,,( ,,vase ,,pa9t+s ,,by ,,john ,h4 ,,huddil/on ,b4,a4 7,,h>v471 ,,ph4,d4 7,,muni*7 ,,=m]ly ,,in/ructor ,,9 ,,greek ,,9 ,,! ,,nor?we/]n ,,univ]sity ,,au?or ,,( #8,,! ,,ess5tials ,,( ,,new ,,te/am5t ,,greek' ,,& #8,,! ,,attitude ,,( ,,! ,,greek ,,trag$ians ,,t[>d ,,art' ,london ,,macmillan ,,& ,,co41 ,,limit$ ,,new ,,york3 ,,! ,,macmillan ,,company #ahih ,ox=d ,,horace ,,h>t1 ,,pr9t] ,,to ,,! ,,univ]sity ,,to ,,pr(essor ,,c>l ,,riem5s*neid]1 ,,ph4,d4 ,,g]man ,,wallace ,,college ,,b]ea1 ,,ohio ,,^: ,,r>e ,,classical ,,s*ol>%ip ,,is ,,all ,,too ,,little ,,kn[n ,,?is ,,volume ,,by ,,"o ,,( ,,8 ,,=m] ,,pupils ,,is ,,affectionately ,,d$icat$ 1 1 1 4 ,,plut>*1 ,de ,gloria ,a!n41 c4 #c4 ,nec mirum1 si i/a1 quae tam5 9 aliquo posita sunt motu1 tantum 9 animis val5t1 cum pictura1 tac5s opus et habitus semp] eiusdem1 sic 9 intimos p5etrat adfectus1 ut ipsam vim dic5di nonnumquam sup]>e videatur4 ,,qu9tilian1 ,in/4 ,orat41 xi4 #c4 #fg4 ,,preface ,al?\gh ! ar*aeologi/s & my?ologi/s con/itute = ! mo/ "p ! numb] ( ^? s]i\sly conc]n$ ) ,greek vases1 !re /ill rema9 _m engag$ 9 ! /udy ( ,greek lit]ature = :om ! vases are b\nd to possess an abid+ value1 s9ce !y (t5 relate ! /ories t ,hom]1 ,p9d>1 ,ais*ylos1 & ,euripides tell4 ,"o may f9d on vases ( ! f\r?1 fif?1 & six? c5turies ,b4,c4 illu/rations = n a few ( ! fam\s pieces 9 ,greek poetry4 ,! pa9t+s may h be5 an outgr[? ( ! common /ock ( leg5d>y tales1 hav+ _! orig9 9 ! folk-lore1 & 9 su* cases !y are indep5d5t ( ! writt5 lit]ature & g along1 s to speak1 p>allel ) ! "w ( ! poets1 :o drew f ! same s\rce4 ,^! pa9t+s are valuable z illu/rations ( ! my?s1 q ap>t f any lit]>y v]sion ( ! same4 ,ano!r class /ill m int]e/+1 p]haps1 owe _! orig9 to "s p>ticul> poem or play1 & are to be tak5 z direct products ( ! poets' "w4 ,su* are ( prime importance = "o :o w\ld und]/& ! poet ?or\ghly4 ,! fir/ class ( pa9t+s ( ! latt] sort are bas$ on ,hom] & ! ,cyclic poets4 ,aft] ! epic lit]ature1 ! tragic drama became ! *ief =mative =ce 9 ,greek leg5d & its repres5tation 9 art4 ,yet "h aga91 z 9 ! case ( ! ,cyclic poets1 "o is compell$ to int]pret pa9t+s inspir$ by works t h come d[n to u ei!r z m]e names or 9 a few wret*$ fragm5ts4 ,! relation ( ^! monum5ts to ! lo/ lit]ature is ( p>am\nt importance1 b ! inve/igation is beset ) _m ob/acles & w cont9ue to be l>gely a field = ! speciali/4 ,extant trag$y & vase pa9t+s1 h[ev]1 come toge!r at s _m po9ts1 & ! =m] is s illum9$ by ! latt]1 t e /ud5t ( ! classics %\ld become acqua9t$ ) at lea/ ?is "p ( ,greek c]amics4 ,! pres5t "w repres5ts an attempt to br+ ?is mat]ial toge!r 9 a conv5i5t & accessible =m4 ,! fir/ *apt]1 :i* deals ) ! influ5ce ( trag$y on o!r classes ( monum5ts1 is meant to be sugge/ive1 n exhau/ive2 if ,i %all h succe$$ "h 9 sett+ ! /ud5t to ?9k along "s new l9es t 9 ! end w place him 9 m direct t\* ) antiquity1 & help him to a bett] und]/&+ ( ,greek tragic poetry & ! "p x play$ 9 ! arti/ic life ( ! ,greeks & ,romans1 my aim w h be5 a*iev$4 ,! foot-notes all ! way ?r\gh are int5d$ to conta9 some:at full ref]5ces to ! lit]ature ( ! diff]5t topics1 & to be a sort ( guide to "o :o desires to prosecute ?is /udy fur!r4 ,9 deal+ ) ev5 ! subject ( vase pa9t+s & extant trag$y1 x 0 n possible to omit say+ a ^w reg>d+ ! g5]al "q ( ! e>lie/ influ5ce ( ! drama ^u ! vase pa9t]s2 ?is has be5 done1 h[ev]1 v briefly1 & is no m ?an a sket*4 ,"s may ?9k t ! subject is dispos$ ( too quickly2 _m pages1 inde$1 might h be5 writt5 to advantage on ?is mu* moot$ po9t1 b ?is w\ld h requir$ go+ f> aside f ! task :i* ,i set myself2 &1 fur!r1 x did n seem wise to encumb] ! "w ) a discussion necess>ily ( a nature to appeal to ! ar*aeologi/ r ?an to ! /ud5t ( ,ais*ylos & ,euripides4 ,x is ! latt]'s ne$s t h be5 upp]mo/ 9 my m9d1 & x w be f\nd t ,i h writt5 = him fir/ & = ! ar*aeologi/ second4 ,my aim has be5 to collect & publi% all pa9t+s t c ) a high degree ( probability be said to be inspir$ by any ( ! extant trag$ies1 & to unfold ! relation ( ! two to ea* o!r 9 su* a way z to ?r[ ! greate/ possible light ^u ! int]pretation ( ! lit]ature4 ,_m ( ! publications :]e "o c f9d ^! pa9t+s are s exp5sive & inaccessible t b a comp>atively small numb] ( classical /ud5ts c make any use ( ! orig9al works2 ! result is t ?is important class ( monum5ts has be5 v little us$ by philologi/s4 ,:]ev] x seem$ necess>y1 synopses ( ! plays h be5 giv51 & ^! w place ! /ud5t 9 possession ( ev]y?+ requir$ = a full appreciation ( ! reproductions4 ,ref]5ce has be5 made to o!r monum5ts repres5t+ sc5es bas$ on ! plays1 s t !re is 9 fact a sort ( ar*aeological comm5t>y = ^? :o c>e to g fur!r & exam9e ! g5]al influ5ce ( ! poet ov] ! arti/4 ,x %\ld be borne 9 m9d1 h[ev]1 t ,i h n be5 conc]n$ ) ! my?s involv$ except 9 s f> z !y 7 ! =ms inv5t$ or foll[$ by ! trag$ians4 ,to be sure1 op9ions w n be unanim\s reg>d+ ! int]pretation ( "s ( ! pa9t+s1 b :]ev] ,i h n felt sure ( ! debt ( ! arti/ to a giv5 play ,i h pref]r$ n to publi% ! "w2 "s su* are m5tion$ 9 a sep>ate *apt]1 :]e ref]5ce is also made to ! lit]ature4 ,my endeav\r has be5 to keep z f> z possible alo( f conjectures & reckless !ories into :i* "o is apt to be drawn 9 deal+ ) que/ions 9 ar*aeology2 s9s ( omission %\ld be less repreh5d$ 9 a "w ( ?is "* ?an s9s ( commission1 & al?\gh ,i %all no d\bt be judg$ guilty ( bo?1 ,i hope to h err$ r on ! side ( ! =m]4 ,x w be ( special int]e/ to ar*aeologi/s to h ! pa9t+ on ! ,m$eia amphora1 9 ,muni*1 correctly publi%$2 fig4 #bc gives = ! fir/ "t ! correct read+ ( ! inscriptions1 & = ?is reason ,i c\ld h wi%$ t space _h p]mitt$ a mu* l>g] reproduction4 ,! frontispiece1 pres5t+ a g5]al view ( ! :ole vase1 w1 x is hop$1 be ( "s help 9 af=d+ ^? :o h n _h an opportunity ( see+ ! orig9als1 "s notion ( ! size & magnific5t workman%ip ( ?is class ( vases1 call$ s appropriately by ! ,g]mans ,pra*tamphor54 ,ano!r pa9t+1 fig4 #c1 is publi%$ = ! fir/ "t1 & fig4 #f1 tak5 f a photograph1 displaces ! draw+ 9 ,jahn's ,vas5bild]4 ,fur!r ?an ?is1 ! illu/rations are ! same z ^? t h already appe>$ else:]e2 x has be5 possible = me to add new in=mation reg>d+ ! :]eab\ts ( "s few vases4 ,on ! spell+ ( ,greek names x ne$ only be said t ,i h ne>ly always pref]r$ ! ,greek =ms to ! ,lat9 equival5ts2 yet ,i h n gone s f> z to write ,hiketides = ,supplices1 or ,hepta = ,septem2 nei!r did x seem advisable to di/urb a ^w s common 9 ,engli% z is ,o$ipus by writ+ x ,oidip\s1 or mu* less ,oidipus4 ,my ?anks are due to ,pr(essor ,otto ,k]n = help & enc\ragem5t :ile he 0 /ill at ! ,univ]sity ( ,b]l94 ,pr(essor ,c>l ,rob]t has l5t me valuable assi/ance1 & ,i sc>cely "k :e!r ,i am m indebt$ to 8 sugge/ive replies to my num]\s inquiries or to 8 writ+s1 :i* latt] h be5 a con/ant inspiration to me4 ,pr(essor ,a4 ,furtwngl]1 ^: pr(\nd k 9 ! field ( ,greek c]amics1 z well z 9 e dep>tm5t ( classical ar*aeology1 is well kn[n1 has aid$ me by 8 c\nsel & has sp>$ "s ( 8 valuable "t to g ov] all ! manuscript4 ,i wi% to express my indebt$ness to all ^! em95t s*ol>s z well z to ,mr4 ,*>les ,b4 ,newcom]1 ,m4,a41 :o has be5 k9d en\gh to read ! pro(1 & has fav\r$ me ) _m valuable sugge/ions4 ,mrs4 ,huddil/on1 :o m ?an any "o else has foll[$ all ! "w1 des]ves special m5tion2 !re is sc>cely a page t does n be> evid5ce ( h] s\nd judgem5t4 ,i indulge ! hope t ?is little book may1 ) all its defects 7& ,i am well aw>e !y are _m71 pres5t mu* t is helpful 9 a field 9 :i* !re is little address$ to ! /ud5t ( classical lit]ature2 & ?is br+s me to rem>k t ,i h long wond]$ :y ! editions ( ! ,greek trag$ies are n enliv5$ m ) reproductions ( works ( art p]ta9+ to ! my? involv$4 ,!re is no reason :y ! /ud5t :o is set to read ! ,*oephoroi1 ,eum5ides1 ,m$eia1 or ,iphig5eia 9 ,tauris1 n to m5tion o!r plays1 %\ld look only at ! lit]>y & philological sides ( ! au?or4 ,is x consid]$ uns*ol>ly to illu/rate books ( ?is sort1 or are ! s*ol>s :o edit !m ignorant ( ! ar*aeological app>atus8 ,! "t is com+1 ,i firmly believe1 :5 ^! two dep>tm5ts ( classical /udies w n be s divorc$ z !y are at pres5t1 & :5 ! monum5ts bas$ ^u a my? w be includ$ 9 our text-books & exam9$ q z closely z is ! text ( ! poet4 ,:5 ,greek art is ?us made to supplem5t ! /udy ( ! poetry1 ! latt] w be inve/$ ) a /ill great] *>m ?an x n[ possesses4 ,m ( ! _s is requir$ & less ( ! lett]1 & ?is is b\nd to be br\ght ab\t :5 ,greek art is introduc$ m ext5sively into ! in/ruction 9 ,greek /udies4 ,i tru/ t ^! pages w be consid]$ a contribution t[>ds ?is mann] ( /udy+ ,greek trag$y1 & t ! plays :i* come 9 "q w be read ) r5ew$ int]e/ by all /ud5ts1 & review$ ) pleasure & pr(it by ^? :o are in/ructors 9 classics2 & aga9 by ^? :o 9 ! v>i\s walks ( life /ill h "t & incl9ation to turn occasionally to ! ma/]pieces ( ,greek lett]s--works t w always rema9 sub/antial p>ts ( ! _w's lit]>y balla/4 ,j4 ,h4 ,,huddil/on4 ,,london1 ,m>*1 #ahih4 ,,cont5ts ,,*apt] ,i ,,! ,,influ5ce ,,( ,,greek ,,trag$y ,,^u ,,anci5t ,,art ,,outside ,,( ,,! ,,vases ,,page #a4 ,,introductory #a #b4 ,,tragic ,,influ5ces ,,9 ,,sculpture #d #a4 ,greek ,sculpture #d #b4 ,! ,etruscan ,a%-,urns #aj #c4 ,! ,roman ,s>cophagi #ae #c4 ,,! ,,influ5ce ,,( ,,trag$y ,,on ,,pa9t+ #bj #a4 ,on ,greek ,pa9t+ #ba #b4 ,! ,wall ,pa9t+s ( ,pompeii #bd #d4 ,,tragic ,,elem5ts ,,on ,,! ,,etruscan ,,mirrors #bf #e4 ,,greek ,,trag$y ,,& ,,! #8,,meg>ian ,,b[ls' #bg ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,! ,,e>lie/ ,,influ5ce ,,( ,,trag$y ,,on ,,vase ,,pa9t+ #a4 ,,!ories ,,advanc$ ,,= ,,! ,,e>lie/ ,,traces #ca #b4 ,,e>lie/ ,,evid5ce #cb #c4 ,,! ,,fif? ,,c5tury ,b4,c4 #cc #d4 ,,! ,,f\r? ,,c5tury ,b4,c4 ,,& ,,! ,,conditions ,,9 ,,l[] ,,italy #cg ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,ais*ylos ,,& ,,vase ,,pa9t+ #a4 ,,introduction #db #b4 ,,*oephoroi #dc #c4 ,,eum5ides #ee #d4 ,,! ,,lo/ ,,plays #gc ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,sophokles ,,& ,,8 ,,relation ,,to ,,vase ,,pa9t+ #ge ,,*apt] ,v ,,euripides ,,& ,,vase ,,pa9t+ #a4 ,,introduction #gh #b4 ,,&roma*e #hc #c4 ,,bak*ai #hh #d4 ,,hekabe #id #e4 ,,hippolytos #aja #f4 ,,iphig5eia ,,at ,,aulis #aab #g4 ,,iphig5eia ,,among ,,! ,,taurians #aba #h4 ,,kyklops #aci #i4 ,,m$eia #add #aj4 ,,pho9issai #aga #aa4 ,,supplem5t>y #agh ,a ,li/ ( ,vase ,pa9t+s sometimes ref]r$ to ,extant ,plays #agh ,a ,li/ ( ,vase ,pa9t+s ref]r$ to ,lo/ ,plays #agi ,,index #ahb ,,! ,,common ,,abbreviations ,,us$ ,,9 ,,! ,,notes ,annali d4 ,in/4 ,annali dell' ,in/ituto di ,corrispond5za ar*eologica 7,rome74 ,ar*4 ,anz4 ,ar*ologis*] ,anzeig]1 ,beiblatt zum ,jahrbu* des ,ar*ologis*5 ,in/ituts 7,b]l974 ,ar*4 ,ztg4 ,ar*ologis*e ,zeitung 7,b]l974 ,a!n4 ,mit?4 ,mit!ilung5 des ,k4 deuts*5 ,ar*ologis*5 ,in/ituts 9 ,a!n4 ,baumei/]1 ,d5kml] ,baumei/]'s ,d5kml] des ,klassis*5 ,alt]tums4 ,b4 ,c4 ,h4 ,bullet9 de ,correspond5ce ,hellnique 7,a!ns74 ,compte ,r5du ,compte ,r5du de la ,commission impriale ar*ologique 7,/4 ,pet]sburg74 ,c4 ,i4 ,a4 ,corpus ,inscriptionum ,attic>um4 lite ,cram4 lite des monum5ts cramographiques1 ,l5ormant et ,de ,witte4 ,f4-,w4 ,fri$]i*s-,wolt]s1 ,die ,gipsabgsse antik] ,bildw]ke4 ,furtwngl]1 ,ma/]pieces ,furtwngl]1 ,ma/]pieces ( ,greek ,sculpture4 ,g]h>d1 ,aus]l4 ,vas54 ,g]h>d1 ,aus]les5 grie*is*e ,vas5bild]4 ,helbig1 ,w&gemlde ,helbig1 ,w&gemlde d] vom ,vesuv v]s*ttet5 ,/dte ,campani5s4 ,+hirami1 ,vasi fitt4 ,+hirami1 ,pitture di vasi fittili4 ,jahrbu* ,jahrbu* des ,k4 deuts*5 ,ar*ologis*5 ,in/ituts 7,b]l974 ,j4 ,h4 ,s4 ,j\rnal ( ,hell5ic ,/udies 7,london74 ,mon4 d4 ,in/4 ,monum5ti in$iti pubblicati dall' ,in/ituto di ,corrispond5za ar*eologica 7,rome74 ,nauck1 ,fragm5ta ,nauck1 ,fragm5ta tragicorum graecorum4 #b ed4 ,ov]beck1 ,bildw]ke ,ov]beck1 ,die ,bildw]ke zum !bis*5 und trois*5 ,held5kreis4 ,ov]beck1 ,s*riftquell5 ,ov]beck1 ,die antik5 ,s*riftquell5 zur ,ges*i*te d] bild5d5 ,kn/e bei d5 ,grie*54 ,re9a*-,mill91 ,pe9tures ,re9a*1 ,pe9tures de ,vases ,re9a*-,mill+51 ,pe9tures antiques recueillies p> ,mill9 7#ahjh7 et ,mill+5 7#ahac74 ,vogel1 ,sc54 eur4 ,trag4 ,vogel1 ,sc55 euripideis*] ,tragdi5 9 grie*is*5 ,vas5gemld54 ,,greek ,,trag$y ,,9 ,,! ,,light ,,( ,,vase ,,pa9t+s ,,*apt] ,i ,,! ,,influ5ce ,,( ,,greek ,,trag$y ,,^u ,,anci5t ,,art ,,outside ,,( ,,! ,,vases #a4 ,,introductory4 ,pa9t+ z a f9e art has nev] be5 develop$ to any great degree ( p]fection indep5d5t ( lit]ature4 ,! two are1 9 a s5se1 h&maids1 ea* inspir+ ! o!r & assi/+ x to solve new problems4 ,a great lit]ature is1 fur!rmore1 a necess>y precursor ( great a*ievem5ts 9 art1 s9ce ! latt] is ! m dep5d5t ( ! two1 & seeks its inspiration f ! poet4 ,?is may n be cle> to "o :o looks ab\t at pa9t+ 9 ?is age ( eclecticism1 & endeav\rs to satisfy himself t lit]ature & art are ?us relat$1 & t ! =m] is requir$ to give ! initial impetus to ! latt]4 ,! pr9ciple c1 h[ev]1 be made pla9 by go+ back ne>] ! f\nta9 spr+ ( mod]n lit]>y & arti/ic developm5t4 ,"o %\ld turn to ! ,italian ,r5aissance ( ! f\rte5? & fifte5? c5turies--to ! p]iod :5 ,dante became ! tea*] & guide ( arti/ic notions--9 ord] to obs]ve ! full mean+ & =ce ( ! supremacy ( lit]ature4 ,!re1 :]e = ! fir/ "t 9 ! mod]n _w a great g5ius fa%ion$ ! ?\ght ( m ?an a c5tury1 "o c /udy easily ! p[] ( ! poet ov] ! arti/4 ,! influ5ce ( ,dante ^u arti/ic notions f ,giotto d[n to ! pres5t has1 inde$1 be5 incalculably great4 ,no pa9t] ( ! quattroc5to1 at lea/1 work$ 9 any o!r ?an ! ,dantesque _s2 :e!r consci\sly or unconsci\sly1 he 0 "u ! spell ( ! fa!r ( ,italian lett]s4 ,dante's ,hell & ,p>adise became ! ,hell & ,p>adise ( ,signorelli & ,mi*el ,angelo4 ,botticelli1 ,flaxman1 ,dor1 & _m o!rs left _! canvasses & frescoes to int]pret ! hidd5 secrets ( ! ,div9a ,comm$ia4 ,! great ,*ri/ian ,epic :i* ,cornelius develop$ ?r\gh _m ye>s ( /udy & contemplation ( ,dante1 & :i* he consid]$ ! cr[n+ "w ( 8 life1 is told 9 ! alt> fresco ( ! ,ludwig's ,*ur* 9 ,muni*4 ,yet ?is is b "o ( ! _m monum5tal works ( ?is c5tury :i* owes its exi/5ce to ?is poet4 ,delacroix's #8,b>que ( ,dante1' exhibit$ 9 ! ,p>is ,salon ( #ahbb1 has be5 call$ ! fir/ real pa9t+ ( ! c5tury4 ,:5 "o turns to ,engl& !re is ,rossetti1 ) #8,beatrice & ,dante1' #8,dante's ,dream1' & sev]al o!r fam\s pa9t+s t witness aga9 to ! influ5ce ( ! ,italian poet4 ,b "o may rem>k t ,dante's position 9 ! hi/ory ( human progress is unique4 ,?is is true4 ,! _w has n kn[n ano!r ^: au?ority 0 s absolute or ^: philosophy appe>$ s f9al4 ,! influ5ce ( poets ( less p[] has be5 correspond+ly small]4 ,! pr9ciple1 h[ev]1 rema9s true4 ,! poet v5tures :]e ! bolde/ arti/ has n gone & prep>es1 z x 71 ! way = him4 ,! close/ p>allel to ,dante's influ5ce ^u ! tr5d ( arti/ic notions mu/ be look$ = 9 anci5t ,greece2 ,hom] mu/ be nam$ ) ,dante4 ,! ,hom]ic poetry has ex]cis$ a p[] :i* ! ,div9a ,comm$ia has sc>cely surpass$2 ! ?\s& & m /reams ( influ5ce :i* rose 9 ! ,greek epic lit]ature w5t out 9 e direction to wat] ! fields ( art & lett]s 9 ,greece & ,rome1 & fl[$ on aga9 aft] ,petr>*'s "t1 & are to-day mighty =ces4 ,ev5ts & incid5ts ( ! ,iliad & ,odyssey h tak5 s p]man5t a place 9 mod]n art t "o h>dly /ops to ?9k t ?is or t is f ,hom]4 ,b ?is company ( p]sons :i* ! _w calls ,hom] 0 n ! only vital =ce t %ap$ m5's ?\ghts & furni%$ ! arti/ ) fre% inspiration4 ,! tragic poets are to be nam$ ) ,hom]4 ,_h ,ais*ylean1 ,sophoklean1 & ,euripidean elem5ts n ent]$ into anci5t & mod]n works ( art ! _w w\ld nev] h kn[n "s ( its mo/ beautiful monum5ts4 ,?is is n1 h[ev]1 ! place to l+] ov] ! influ5ce ( ! ,greek epic & tragic lit]ature 9 mod]n times1 int]e/+ ?\gh ?is w\ld be4 ,x is 9 anci5t times1 :5 !re 0 /ill among ! p a peculi> int]e/ 9 ! my?ic leg5ds1 t ! contact ( poet & arti/ is mo/ app>5t2 x is ) ! ?ree ,greek trag$ians t we h to d at pres5t1 & "s traces ( _! "w may be po9t$ out 9 ! v>i\s classes ( monum5ts be=e ! vase pa9t+s are exam9$4 #b4 ,,tragic ,,influ5ces ,,9 ,,sculpture4 #a4 ,greek ,sculpture4 ,"o does n expect ! sculptor's notions to be l>gely %ap$ by a def9ite situation 9 lit]ature1 z he has little to d ) illu/ration2 8 art is too sev]e & conf9$ to reproduce ! dramatic & pa!tic ) great success4 ,!re is accord+ly little direct influ5ce ( ! ,greek tragic lit]ature ov] anci5t sculpture except on ! s>cophagi4 ,( ! monum5ts belong+ to ! fif? c5tury ,b4,c41 :i* owe _! exi/5ce indirectly to ! drama1 ?ree reliefs occupy ! =emo/ place4 ,^! are ! well-kn[n ,orpheus#a1 ,peliades#b1 & ,peiri?os#c reliefs1 all ( :i* belong close to ! "t ( ! ,p>!non frieze4 ,reis* has made x cle> t ^! works 7 conceiv$ & c>ri$ out 9 ! _s ( ! tragic drama#d4 ,!y are claim$1 inde$1 z d$icatory (f]+s 9 memory ( p>ticul> tragic exhibitions1 b no attempt is made to "n any poet or trag$y ) :i* !y 7 connect$4 ,:e!r "o is correct 9 hold+ ^! reliefs z 1 c]ta9 x is t 9 e p>ticul> !y brea! =? ! _s ( trag$y4 ,! triple gr\p 9 ea* has be5 po9t$ out z correspond+ to ! ?ree actors4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is an out] sign t might s]ve to indicate _! orig94 ,! relation ( ! figures to ea* o!r--! conflict ( s\l :i* "o may obs]ve--! pa?os t p]vades ! gr\ps--^! are s unlike any?+ t occurs on ! e>li] monum5ts t a p]son involunt>ily asks himself :5ce ! arti/s receiv$ _! motives4 ,trag$y provides ! answ]4 ,! p>t+ sc5e betwe5 ,alke/is & ,admetos :i* ,euripides describes s beautifully belongs to ! same decade z does ! ,orpheus relief4 ,?is t\*+ episode may well h be5 ! inc5tive to "s su* "w z ! p>t+ betwe5 ,orpheus & ,eurydike4 ,9 all ?ree in/ances ! sculptor 0 at any rate occupi$ ) ! problems :i* conc]n$ ! tragic poet1 & he reproduc$ true e*oes ( dramatic situations4 ,relat$ to ^! reliefs is ano!r class ( monum5ts :i* grew out ( ! tragic p]=mances4 ,f ! middle ( ! fif? c5tury ,b4,c4#e till at lea/ ! close ( ! ?ird c5tury ,b4,c4#f x 0 cu/om>y = ! successful *oregos to d$icate ! tripod t ! /ate _h giv5 him z a prize4 ,! magnific5ce & elaborat5ess accompany+ ?is c]emony c be le>n$ f ! /ill extant ,lysikrates monum5t ^u :i* ! tripod once /ood & on ! int]columniations ( :i* tripods 9 relief are repres5t$4 ,a /reet 9 ,a!ns 0 giv5 ov] to ! exposition ( ^! prizes4 ,pausanias /ates t !y 7 ( bronze & /ood on temples#g4 ,m important /ill = u 9 ?is connexion is ! fact t toge!r ) ! tripod1 probably "u ! kettle1 x 0 ! cu/om to set up a figure ( a satyr or ,dionysos or ,nike#h4 ,?is practice does n appe> to h be5 old] ?an ! "t ( ,praxiteles4 ,s x is t "o le>ns ( 8 fam\s satyr :i* ,pausanias m5tions 9 connexion ) "o ( ! tripods#i4 ,! ,greek ( ?is passage does n admit ( a satisfactory int]pretation1 & x is n possible !re=e to det]m9e :at ! attitude ( ! figure 04 ,x is probable t ! /atue :i* 0 ?us intimately associat$ ) ! ,dionysiac p]=mances 0 ! satyr ( ,praxiteles1 exi/+ 9 s _m copies & kn[n ?r\gh\t ,engli% lit]ature z ! #8,m>ble ,faun4' ,"o c easily und]/& t ?is class ( *oregic monum5ts 0 alone ( great importance1 & t ?r\gh ?is *annel ! tragic p]=mances work$ a wide influ5ce ov] sculpture4 ,!re 0 a va/ numb] ( /atues 9 bronze & m>ble t ?us arose f ! exig5cies ( ! !atre4 ,along ) ^! works may be class$ ! num]\s pieces ( sculpture t 7 put up z decorations = ! !atre4 ,su* 7 ! m5tion$ by ,pausanias z be+ 9 ! ,dionysiac !atre at ,a!ns4 ,! p]iegete names ! /atues ( ,ais*ylos1 ,sophokles1 ,euripides1 & ,m5&]#aj4 ,a l>ge numb] ( reliefs t repres5t ,dionysos receiv+ ! wor%ip ( mortals1 or advanc+ 9 a tra9 ( satyrs be=e a man ly+ on a c\*1 makes up ano!r class ( sculpture1 :i* probably ow$ its orig9 to ! drama4 ,on ! ,peiraieus#aa relief ?ree p]sons c>ry+ tragic masks advance be=e ! god :o recl9es ^u a kl9e4 ,! "w may possibly be dat$ z e>ly z ! close ( ! fif? c5tury ,b4,c4#ab ,x is at any rate an e>ly example ( ! influ5ce ( ! tragic muse ^u sculpture4 ,! s-call$ ,ik>ios reliefs illu/rat+ ,dionysos' fir/ appe>ance 9 ,attica1 & ! consequ5t orig9 ( trag$y1 may n ref] to ,ik>ios at all1 b are nev]!less to be l9k$ to trag$y 9 "s way1 z ! masks cle>ly %[#ac4 ,!y may h be5 purely decorative "w1 or 7 p]haps (f]+s ( actors4 ,x rema9s to speak ( a few monum5ts :i* seem to h be5 m directly "u ! influ5ce ( p>ticul> trag$ies4 ,"o he>s1 = example1 t ! sculptor ,seilanion made a #8,dy+ ,ioka/e4'#ad ,?is notion w\ld appe> to h be5 borr[$ f "s play4 ,"o may ?9k ( ! ,o$ipus ,tyrannus ( ,sophokles or ! ,pho9issai ( ,euripides4 ,( f> great] importance is ! relief on "o ( ! columns f ,ephesos :i* is kn[n to e "o#ae4 ,! mo/ satisfactory int]pretation ( ?is "w s f> (f]$ expla9s ! sc5e z ,alke/is be+ deliv]$ f ,dea?4 ,! h]o9e1 rescu$ f ,?anatos by ,h]mes1 is be+ conduct$ to ! upp] _w aga94 ,un=tunately !re is no agreem5t among ar*aeologi/s on ?is explanation#af4 ,until a bett] "o is br\ght =w>d1 h[ev]1 ?is important monum5t may be held z evid5ce = ! influ5ce ex]t$ by ,euripides' h&l+ ( ?is popul> my?4 ,! ,alke/is is kn[n to h be5 exceptionally well receiv$4 ,if tragic influ5ces are only possibly at h& 9 ! fragm5t f ,ephesos1 ! excavations at ,p]gamon h br\ght to light ext5sive rema9s ( reliefs t 7 inspir$ by ,attic trag$y4 ,! ,telephos frieze1 n[ 9 ,b]l91 is directly associat$ ) ! drama4 ,! my?ic f\nd] ( ,p]gamon _h a long & v>i$ c>e]1 :i* 0 told 9 dramatic =m by bo? ,sophokles & ,euripides4 ,! sugge/ions = ! reliefs 9 "q came f ! ,auge & ,telephos ( ! latt]1 & ! ,mysoi ( ! =m]#ag4 ,9 ^! fragm5ts "o c see di/9ctly ! high e/eem 9 :i* ! ,attic drama 0 held at ! c\rt ( ! ,attalidai4 ,i "k ( no ,greek sculpture :i* comes s ne> be+ an illu/ration ( trag$y z does ?is frieze4 ,ano!r "w ( monum5tal greatness belong+ to ab\t ! same p]iod & exhibit+ unmi/akable signs ( tragic influ5ce is ! ,f>nese ,bull 9 ! ,national ,museum 9 ,naples#ah4 ,?is colossal gr\p1 :i* repres5ts ,dirke be+ ti$ to a rampant bull by ,amphion & ,ze?os1 ! sons ( ,antiope1 is *>act]iz$ by a passion & viol5ce t are late products 9 ,greek sculpture4 ,su* motives made _! appe>ance fir/ 9 ! f\r? c5tury ,b4,c4 ,niobe & h] *ildr5 are ! e>lie/ repres5tation on a gr& scale ( ^! elem5ts t are s ak9 to ! drama4 ,su* compositions 7 fir/ possible ) ,praxiteles & ,skopas :o broke away f ! traditions ( ! ,pheidian age4 ,! g5]ation t saw a new type ( ,dionysos & ( ,aphrodite1 & c\ld appreciate ! fr5zi$ ma5ad ( ,skopas1 _h be5 prep>$ = ^! new motives v l>gely ?r\gh ! !atre4 ,! drama _h n a little to d ) impress+ ! arti/ & 8 public ) ! importance ( del9eat+ ! human feel+s4 ,9 ! case ( ! ,niobe gr\p "o w\ld n attempt to po9t out any special influ5ce ( ! ,niobe ( ,ais*ylos or ,sophokles1 & /ill !re is little d\bt 9 my own m9d t ! sculptor 0 m or less influ5c$ by ! tragic lit]ature4 ,may n ,praxiteles or ,skopas1 ea* ( :om %>es ! cr$it ( ! ,niobe gr\p1 h be5 l$ to ! pa!tic look ^u ! "m's face by ! l9es ( "o ( ^! lo/ plays8 ,?is new t5d5cy 9 sculpture rea*$ its highe/ expression 9 ! ,laokon & ! ,f>nese ,bull4 ,! latt] c be trac$ to ! influ5ce ( ,euripides' ,antiope1 :i* appe>s to h be5 ! s\rce ( all ,dirke monum5ts 9 anci5t art2 !re is no diss5t+ voice z to ,euripides' "r to occupy ! hon\rable position ?us assign$#ai him4 ,ref]5ce has already be5 made to ! ,laokon#bj z repres5t+ ! culm9ation ( trag$y 9 m>ble4 ,! view held by ,less+ & _m o!rs t ,virgil 0 ! sculptors' au?ority has be5 ab&on$ long s9ce4 ,! ,p]gamon alt> frieze has enabl$ u to fix ! date ( ! ,laokon ) approximate correctness4 ,x is surely "s c5turies old] ?an ! ,a5eid & /&s !re=e 9 a possible relation to ! ,laokon ( ,sophokles4 ,yet "h aga9 op9ions v>y widely4 ,sophokles' play is lo/1 & ! few rema9+ fragm5ts are n en\gh to enable "o to make a satisfactory recon/ruction4 ,! /ory came d[n f ! epic lit]ature1 &1 l s _m incid5ts 9 ! fall ( ,troy1 ne$$ no fur!r popul>ization 9 ord] to appeal to ! arti/4 ,t ,sophokles' trag$y1 h[ev]1 0 :olly )\t any influ5ce on ! ,rhodian sculptors :o s tragically & reali/ically repres5t$ ,apollo's v5geance on 8 prie/ seems to me highly improbable4 ,su* a conception z f\nd expression 9 ?is ma/]piece ( sculpture may well h sprung f ! ma/]piece 9 poetry :i* 0 at h& 9 ,sophokles' ,laokon#ba4 #b4 ,! ,etruscan ,a%-urns4 ,! reliefs on ! ,etruscan & ,roman s>cophagi c>ry u to ,italian soil & furni% u ) a mu* l>g] field = pursu+ our subject ?an c\ld be f\nd 9 ,greek sculpture4 ,( all ! ,italian races ) :om ! ,greeks came into contact1 ! ,etrurians 7 by f> ! mo/ advanc$ 9 civilization2 & dur+ ! c5turies ( active comm]cial relations betwe5 ! two peoples ?is nation1 ^: orig9 is ! puzzle ( hi/orians1 & ^: language is ! crux ( philologi/s1 came m "u ! influ5ce ( ,greek lit]ature & art ?an any ( ! ,lat9 races t rema9$ unhell5iz$4 ,!y h left abundant evid5ce ( ^! hell5iz+ influ5ces4 ,9 v>i\s classes ( monum5ts :i* may /ill be /udi$--urns1 mirrors1 ci/ae1 tomb-pa9t+s1 & vases--"o discov]s ,greek my?ology & poetry4 ,! national my?ology ( ! ,etruscans is s mu* ( an exception 9 _! art1 & ! ,greek is s univ]sally adopt$1 t "o is at a loss to acc\nt = ! /range fact4 ,on hundr$s ( ,etruscan monum5ts "o sees ! work+s ( ,greek poetry1 :i* f\nd its way into ,etruria be=e ,livius ,&ronicus produc$ ! fir/ trag$y 9 ,rome #bdj ,b4,c4 ,t ! ,greek drama 0 introduc$ = ! mo/ "p directly & n ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! e>ly ,lat9 trag$ians1 is %[n by ! fact t ! latt] fl\ri%$ 9 ! second & fir/ c5turies ,b4,c41 :ile ! urns exhibit+ tragic subjects are1 = ! mo/ "p1 f ! ?ird c5tury ,b4,c4 ,"s may1 inde$1 date f ! f\r? c5tury4 ,roman trag$y c n be said to h really become at all a matt] ( g5]al int]e/ be=e ,ennius w5t to ,rome 9 #bjd ,b4,c4 ,he di$ #afi ,b4,c41 & "o %\ld n ?9k t ! influ5ce ( ^! ,lat9 adaptations & translations ( ,greek plays took an imm$iate hold ^u ! neighb\r+ ,etruscans4 ,su* elem5ts p]colate gradually into ! v>i\s /rata ( national life1 to say no?+ ( ! "t requir$ to rea* a =eign p ^: language & cu/oms are s diff]5t4 ,b ! summus epicus poeta#bb 0 n ! mo/ popul> or mo/ prolific pilf]] ( ,greek plays4 ,8 trag$ies numb]$ only ab\t tw5ty4 ,9 ,accio circaque eum ,romana trago$ia e/#bc2 & ! probable tru? ( ?is /atem5t is well atte/$ by ! li/ ( fifty plays t h come d[n to u "u ,accius' "n4 ,?is poet1 h[ev]1 0 born #agj ,b4,c4 & fir/ exhibit$ trag$ies 9 #adj ,b4,c4 ,x is !re=e v d\btful :e!r "o c rightly speak ( ! influ5ce ( ,lat9 trag$y ^u ! ,etruscan arti/s4 ,"o d>e n1 at any rate1 br+ ! a%-urns too f> into ! second c5tury ,b4,c41 z ,brunn & ^? imm$iately "u 8 tea*+ =m]ly did4 ,m rec5t inve/igations h prov$ ! *ronological impossibility ( int]pret+ ^! reliefs ) ! help ( ,ennius1 ,accius1 & ,pacuvius4 ,)\t tak+ "t & space to review ! argum5ts on :i* ! int]pretations ( ! reliefs are bas$ x w be en\gh = my purpose to simply add a li/ ( ! sc5es :i* "o may reasonably ref] to ,greek trag$y4 ,exam9+ ! fir/ volume ( ,brunn's ,i rilievi delle urne etrus*e1 :i* is devot$ to urns ) sc5es f ! ,trojan ,cycle1 "o le>ns t ^? pres5t+ a v]sion ( ! /ories ascribable to ! tragic poets exce$ ^? t are bas$ on ! ,iliad1 ,odyssey1 & o!r epics4 ,! repres5tation ( ,p>is' return to 8 ,trojan home is1 ) "o exception#bd1 ! mo/ frequ5t4 ,! ?irty-f\r reliefs 7 ref]r$1 ev5 9 ! "t ( ! =m] late dat+1 to ,euripides' #be4 ,! fate ( ,telephos 01 accord+ to ,ari/otle1 a common subject = a trag$y#bf4 ,we h already met ! /ory on ! ,p]gamon frieze1 & x is v frequ5t on ! ,etruscan urns4 ,telephos grasps ! "y ,ore/es & ?reat5s 8 life on ! alt> aft] ! mann] ( ! drama4 ,x may be ! influ5ce ( ,ais*ylos or ,euripides1 b if "o judges f ! comp>ative popul>ity ( ^! poets 9 ?is p]iod he w\ld be incl9$ to assign ! fir/ place to ! latt]#bg4 ,! (f]+ ( ,iphig5eia occurs on tw5ty-six urns1 ne>ly all ( :i* 7 f\nd 9 ! vic9ity ( ,p]ugia#bh4 ,x 0 aga9 unque/ionably ,greek trag$y t 0 ! inc5tive = ^! sc5es4 ,ais*ylos1 ,sophokles1 & ,euripides may all %>e ! cr$it ( hav+ furni%$ ! lit]>y s\rce4 ,a small] s]ies ( urns repres5t+ ,odysseus' adv5ture 9 tak+ ,philoktetes f ,lemnos is also to be plac$ "u ! influ5ce ( ! fif? c5tury trag$y#bi4 ,! is se5 play+ 8 "p z clev]ly z he does 9 ! extant play ( ,sophokles4 ,! attitude ( ,philoktetes /&+ be=e ,neoptolemos1 hav+ 9 two cases ! arr[ 9 8 h&1 corresponds well to ! "* drawn by ?is poet4 ,! injur$ *iefta9 displays 8 c\rage & sc(fs at ! ?\ght ( be+ c>ri$ away by ! dete/$ ,odysseus4 ,! murd] ( ,aigi/hos & ,klytaime/ra repres5t$ on sev5te5 urns has be5 %[n by ,s*lie to be ess5tially ,euripidean#cj4 ,! arrival ( ,ore/es & ,pylades at ! prec9ct ( ! ,tauric ,artemis is possibly ! subject ( ?ree reliefs#ca4 ,?is w\ld also take "o directly to ,euripides#cb4 ,! foll[+ are publi%$ 9 ! second volume ( ! ,urne etrus*e by ,krte4 ,m$eia escapes on h] dragon-*>iot1 driv+ ov] ! bodies ( h] *ildr5#cc--;an e*o ( ! great trag$y t ex]cis$ s wide an influ5ce 9 o!r fields ( art#cd4 ,! puni%m5t ( ,dirke on f\r reliefs is bas$ )\t "q on ! ,antiope ( ,euripides#ce4 ,! bl9d+ ( ,o$ipus at ! h&s ( ,laios' sons seems to h be5 an inv5tion ( ! same poet & is recogniz$ 9 ano!r relief#cf4 ,! ,!ban fratricide & ! assault on ! city 7 bo? mu*-priz$ subjects#cg4 ,krte po9ts out _m features common to ! num]\s reliefs & ! ,pho9issai ( ,euripides#ch4 ,! dea? ( ,alkm5e is repres5t$ on five urns :i* "o w\ld associate ) ! ,alkm5e ( ! same poet#ci4 ,euripides' is traceable on sev5 reliefs1 %[+ ! leg5d ( ,daidalos & ,pasipha#dj4 ,!seus' fight ) ! ,m9otaur occurs f\r times & rem9ds u ( ,euripides' ,!seus#da4 ,! dea? ( ,hippolytos on eight reliefs does n pres5t any ess5tial v>iation f ! extant ,greek trag$y#db4 ,p]seus & ,&rom$a are met ) likewise & emphasize ! wide popul>ity ( ,euripides' play#dc4 ,! fam\s leg5d ( ,o9omaos' dea? & ,pelops' triumph occurs on ?irty-"o urns#dd4 ,x c be %[n t ^! 7 inspir$ by "o or m ( ! lo/ trag$ies t dealt ) ! subject#de4 ,! ( ,euripides appe>s to h be5 ! s\rce ( at lea/ ?ree ( ! _m reliefs repres5t+ ! ,kalydonian ,hunt#df4 ,to ?is long li/ ( urns bas$ on ,euripidean trag$ies "o mu/ /ill add sev5 t 7 probably inspir$ by ?is poet's & ?ree m t foll[ 8 #dg4 ,m ?an two-?irds ( ! m ?an f\r hundr$ ,etruscan urns exam9$ are decorat$ ) sculpture bas$ on ,greek trag$y1 & 9 ne>ly all in/ances ! drama 0 ,euripidean4 ,su* are ! in/ructive facts reg>d+ ?is important class ( monum5ts4 #c4 ,roman ,s>cophagi4 ,"u ! expression #8,roman s>cophagi' "o und]/&s ^? ( ! fir/ & second c5turies ,a4,d4 unless ! expression is fur!r qualifi$4 ,s>cophagi f ! "t ( ! ,republic are v r>e & !y are )al mode/ 9 _! workman%ip4 ,! florid decorations ( ! "t ( ! ,empire1 & especially ( ! p]iod j not$1 are (t5 ( second>y int]e/1 b ! reliefs on ! s>cophagi are = ! mo/ "p ( prime importance1 z furni%+ rem9isc5ces ( lo/ trag$ies & anci5t pa9t+s ( great r5[n4 ,! majority are copies ( v ord9>y m]it1 :ile n[ & !n a s>cophagus relief is n unwor?y a ,greek arti/ ( ! f\r? c5tury ,b4,c4 ,x is a commonly kn[n fact t long be=e ! ,laokon1 or ! ,f>nese ,bull1 or ! ,apollo ,belvid]e 0 une>!d 9 ! sixte5? & fifte5? c5turies--long be=e ! classical antiquities ( ,rome1 ,flor5ce1 & ,naples _h attract$ /ud5ts & lov]s ( art--! sculptures ( ^! s>cophagi1 scatt]$ ab\t 9 ca!drals & palaces1 _h begun to tea* ! ,italian arti/ :at ! human figure really is1 & :at composition & decoration %\ld be4 ,! ,r5aissance arti/ fir/ le>n$ ! *>m & simplicity ( ! anci5t co/ume f ^! m>bles & p]ceiv$ h[ va/ly sup]ior ?is 0 to ! heavy1 conv5tional *ur*-dress t conceal$ ! outl9es ( ! =m & r5d]$ grace & beauty impossible4 ,! /udy ( ! antique1 we h reason to believe1 0 9 ! e>ly ,r5aissance l>gely a /udy ( ^! ,roman s>cophagi4 ,!re is no ne$ ( go+ into detail4 ,x w be en\gh to h9t at ! mo/ important monum5ts ( ?is class t /& "u ! influ5ce ( ,greek trag$y4 ,:e!r !y are a direct product ( ! ,greek plays or are f\nd$ on ! ,lat9 translations1 or :e!r !y repres5t copies ( ,greek pa9t+s bas$ on ,greek trag$y--?is is = ! pres5t purpose all "o & ! same4 ,x is n necess>y to det]m9e :5ce ! inc5tive came4 ,! important fact = "o to grasp fir/ is1 t a surpris+ly l>ge numb] ( ! reliefs owe _! exi/5ce to ! tragic drama1 & t ^! sculptures %\ld be br\ght into "o's /udy ( ! tragic poets#dh4 ,! s]ies ( reliefs illu/rat+ ,euripides' ,alke/is is ( prime importance = "o :o wi%es to see 9 art a sc5e wor?y ( ! poet#di4 ,! t\*+ f>ewell ( ,alke/is z %e recl9es ^u h] dea?-b$ is 9 ea* in/ance ! c5tre ( ! gr\ps on ! long side4 ,ar\nd h] ga!rs ! :ole family4 ,! *ildr5 draw up close to _! "m's side4 ,h] p>5ts are also pres5t1 & ?is l5ds m int]e/ to ! sight1 = !y c\ld sc>cely be abs5t al?\gh ! poet does n m5tion !m 9 ?is connexion4 ,! la/ words ( ,alke/is1 & ,admetos' reply1 =m ! real *>m ( ! play4 ,all else falls f> beh9d ^! spee*es1 & foll[+ "o ( ! gems 9 ,greek lit]ature ! arti/ c\ld af=d to assign 8 illu/ration ! fir/ place on ! reliefs4 ,arrang$ on ei!r side are ! o!r incid5ts ( ! drama1 foll[+ ! poet ) consid]able fai?fulness4 ,9 ?is connexion %\ld be m5tion$ ! relief 9 ,flor5ce1 also bas$ ^u ! same s\rce#ej4 ,! ,hippolytos s>cophagi are1 s f> z ,i "k1 ! mo/ num]\s ( ^? t are dep5d5t ^u trag$y4 ,if we possess m ?an a score1 ei!r entire or 9 fragm5ts1 aft] ! de/ructive elem5ts h be5 at "w on !m s9ce antiquity1 !re is reason to believe t _m times ?is numb] 7 once 9 exi/5ce4 ,copies 7 made 9 l>ge numb]s1 & _m a ,roman 0 laid to re/ beh9d ! trag$y 9 m>ble :i* 9 ! ,hippolytos ( ,euripides has cont9u$ ) "s int]ruptions to move ! sympa?ies ( ! civiliz$ _w = m ?an two ?\s& ye>s4 ,! reliefs are 9 ! ma9 fai?ful illu/rations ( ,euripides4 ,"o or two situations are =eign to him1 & ^! w\ld sugge/ ! influ5ce ( a ,roman poet4 ,x is unnecess>y to d m "h ?an to ref] to ! foll[+ *apt]1 :]e ! :ole "q f9ds a fur!r discussion#ea4 #8,! ,ore/es my? appe>s ^u ! s>cophagi exclusively 9 ! =m giv5 to x by ! ,attic drama4 ,! fir/ "p--! slay+ ( ,aigi/hos & ,klytaime/ra--foll[s ! ,ore/eia ( ,ais*ylos4 ,! second "p--! meet+ ( ,iphig5eia & ,ore/es & ! rape ( ! ,tauric idol--is bas$ ^u ! ,iphig5eia 9 ,tauris ( ,euripides4'#eb ,"o exception only is not$ & ?is appe>s to repres5t ! influ5ce ( a lat] play :i* h&l$ ! subject ( ! ,ore/eia#ec4 ,! sc5es on ! o!r s>cophagi are inde$ illu/rations ( ,ais*ylos4 ,9 ea* case ! f9al mom5t ( ! ,*oephoroi1 :5 ! ,furies ru% 9 ^u ! murd]]1 guilty ( a "m's blood1 is *os5 = ! middle gr\p4 ,"r & left f ?is ! succe$+ ev5ts are arrang$4 ,! "r end sc5e inv>iably repres5ts ,ore/es z he is ab\t to escape f ! sanctu>y ( ,apollo at ,delphi & g to ,a!ns4 ,he picks 8 way ) circumspection ov] ! sleep+ ,furies1 & "o is l$ up to ! triumphal v]dict ( ! ,eum5ides#ed4 ,rob]t has %[n v cle>ly ! relation ( ^! sculptures to ,ais*ylos' words1 & x is en\gh to ref] to 8 discussion4 ,! ,iphig5eia-,ore/es s>cophagi brea! f fir/ to la/ ! _s ( ,euripides4 ,a /udy ( !m is sc>cely less in/ructive ?an a read+ ( ! play4 ,/ep by /ep ! /ory is unfold$4 ,ore/es & ,pylades are tak5 captives & /& be=e ! prie/ess1 ^: dreadful (fice is made m horrible by ! rema9s ( human sacrifices t are fa/5$ up ar\nd ! sanctu>y2 ! recognition sc5e ) ! lett] foll[s4 ,!n ,iphig5eia appe>s ) ! idol 9 h] arms1 & asks ,?oas' p]mission to g & purify x 9 ! sea4 ,! two ,greeks /& b\nd1 ready to foll[ h]1 & la/ ( all comes ! mle at ! %ip4 ,"o aft] ano!r ( ! b>b>ians is laid l[ by ! /rong arms ( ,ore/es & ,pylades4 ,iphig5eia is plac$ safely abo>d ) ! image1 & "o sees ! beg9n+ ( ! homew>d j\rney t clos$ ! hi/ory ( ! h\se ( ,atreus#ee4 ,! ,euripidean ,m$eia is discuss$ at l5g? 9 ano!r place1 & ,i h po9t$ out !re ! "p t ! s>cophagi occupy 9 art repres5tations ( ! trag$y#ef4 ,! two extremes ( t\*+ t5d]ness & viol5t passion1 :i* no "o ev] comb9$ m successfully 9 "o "* ?an did ,euripides 9 8 ,m$eia1 come prom95tly to ! =egr\nd 9 ^! reliefs4 ,i "k ( no monum5ts ( anci5t art t grasp ! _s ( a ,greek trag$y m effectually ?an ! ,m$eia s>cophagi4 ,! /range & secret p[] ( ! sorc]ess hov]s ov] & p]vades ! :ole4 ,! dreadful v5geance exact$ by ! slight$ que5 is %[n 9 ! mo/ graphic mann]4 ,/&+ be=e ! ,b]l9 replica1 :i* is ! be/ pres]v$ & mo/ beautiful ( all ! sculptures1 "o _c b feel t he is face to face ) a m>vell\s illu/ration ( ! great trag$y4 ,! m>ble all b brea!s2 ! dragons ( ,m$eia's *>iot may be he>d to hiss4 ,a small numb] ( o!r monum5ts ( ?is class belongs to ! #8,sev5 aga9/ ,!bes1' &1 z 9 ! case ( ! ,etruscan urns1 ! ,pho9issai ( ,euripides is ! ma9 s\rce ( ! illu/rations4 ,p]haps ,s5eca's ,pho5issae also ent]$ into ! "w4 ,rob]t conjectures t ,euripides' ,o$ipus may h furni%$ sugge/ions = p>ts ( ! sc5es#eg4 ,! ,philoktetes ( ,sophokles is illu/rat$ on "o relief v mu* 9 ! mann] ( ! ,etruscan urns already ref]r$ to4 ,! w\nd$ ,philoktetes /&s at ! m\? ( ! cave & speaks to ,neoptolemos on ! "r4 ,odysseus keeps safely out ( sight on ! left#eh4 ,! /ory ( ,pasipha's unholy love is told on a fragm5t ( a s>cophagus 9 ! ,l\vre#ei2 ,daidalos & 8 cunn+ "w play ! lead+ "p4 ,! ultimate lit]>y au?ority 0 ,euripides' 4 ,! latt] may n h be5 us$ directly1 z ! my? enjoy$ aft] ?is play a cont9u\s popul>ity4 ,! relief on "o end repres5ts a fruit (f]+1 & z ?is w\ld agree ) ! veget>ian v[ ( ! *orus1 ,rob]t pref]s to recognize a direct connexion ) ,euripides#fj4 ,m5tion may be made la/ly ( ! ,meleag] s>cophagi1 :i*1 l ! ,etruscan urns1 h mu* 9 common ) ,euripides' #fa4 #c4 ,,! ,,influ5ce ,,( ,,trag$y ,,on ,,pa9t+4 ,our k ( ,greek pa9t+ is entirely lit]>y4 ,no ve/ige ( ?is art has surviv$ t "o may /udy ! real monum5ts4 ,! wall pa9t+s ( ,pompeii & ,h]culaneum are1 h[ev]1 a sort ( recomp5se = ?is loss1 & ) ^! & ! assi/ance ( ,pl9y & a few o!r writ]s "o c get "s notion ( c]ta9 ma/]pieces ( anci5t pa9t+4 ,b ! records are at ! mo/ v scant1 & ! /ud5t has1 aft] all1 to all[ 8 imag9ation to fill 9 _m gaps4 #a4 ,on ,greek ,pa9t+4 ,! fir/ probable po9t ( contact betwe5 trag$y & pa9t+ is 9 ! "t ( ,polygnotos4 ,! s]ies ( pa9t+s m5tion$ by ,pausanias z be+ 9 ! ,propylaia may be br\ght "u ! "n ( ! great pa9t]1 s9ce x is expressly /at$ t two ( ! t5 7 f 8 h&#fb4 ,among ! subjects 7 ,odysseus fet*+ ,philoktetes f ,lemnos2 ,ore/es slay+ ,aigi/hos2 ,polyx5a on ! po9t ( be+ sacrific$ at ,a*illes' tomb4 ,! "q arises1 h ^! works any connexion ) ! drama8 ,if ,polygnotos 0 ! au?or ( all ! pa9t+s1 ! p]iod ( 8 activity excludes bo? ,sophoklean & ,euripidean influ5ce 9 ! ,philoktetes sc5e4 ,! ,philoktetes ( ,sophokles is kn[n to h be5 produc$ 9 #dji ,b4,c41 & ! same play by ,euripides appe>$ 9 ! trilogy ) ! ,m$eia 9 #dca ,b4,c4 ,?is leaves ,ais*ylos' trag$y1 :i* c\ld h s]v$ ,polygnotos' purpose4 ,ore/es kill+ ,aigi/hos seems also a possible product ( ! ,ore/eia1 b ,pylades engag+ ! sons ( ,nauplios :o came to ! usurp]'s assi/ance r5d]s ! ,ais*ylean s\rce improbable4 ,polyx5a's sacrifice is describ$ by ,euripides 9 ! ,hekabe#fc1 & 0 ! subject ( ,sophokles' ,polyx5e#fd4 ,no?+1 h[ev]1 c be made out ( ! few fragm5ts belong+ to ! latt]4 ,! "* ( ?is picture1 9 :i* exclud$ 1 l$ ,rob]t to assign x to ! f\r? c5tury & base x ^u ,euripides#fe4 ,all ^! subjects are f ! ,trojan ,cycle1 & agree well ) :at is kn[n ( ,polygnotos' ta/e 9 select+ 8 leg5ds4 ,"o has b to recall ! pa9t+ 9 ! ,les*e ( ! ,knidians at ,delphi-- #ff--to le>n t ! drama 0 n ess5tial to inspire ,polygnotos4 ,on ! o!r h&1 a clos] exam9ation ( ! ,philoktetes-,ore/es leg5d reveals ! fact t ! crafty ,i?acan's "p 9 br++ ,philoktetes f ,lemnos 0 an inv5tion ( ! ,attic drama#fg4 ,! trag$ians plac$ ,odysseus 9 ! room occupi$ by ,diom$e 9 ! ,trojan ,cycle4 ,x is absolutely necess>y !re=e to place ?is pa9t+ "u ! influ5ce ( trag$y1 :e!r x 0 by ,polygnotos & inspir$ by ,ais*ylos or by a lat] arti/ & inspir$ by "o or m ( ! ?ree trag$ies4 ,if ! ,polygnotos au?or%ip be reject$ 7& z x is bas$ on pure conjecture !re is no?+ to =bid plac+ x aside71 "o is at lib]ty to po9t out a relation betwe5 ^! works & lat] tragic lit]ature1 z has already be5 done 9 ! case ( ! ,polyx5a sc5e4 ,9 ! latt] half ( ! fif? c5tury ,b4,c4 pa9t+ appe>s to h reflect$ pron\nc$ t5d5cies ( ! drama4 ,! leg5ds ( ! h]oic "t :5 tri$ 9 ! crucible ( ! dramatic poet appeal$ m /rongly to ! imag9ation ( ! arti/ :o _h be5 accu/om$ to epic sev]5ess & calmness4 ,! conv5tionality & regulation types gave way1 & ! tragic drama rema9$ !reaft] ! vital =ce 9 %ap+ ! "* ( pa9t+s occupi$ ) h]oic leg5ds4 ,at ?is "t we le>n ( a ,telephos by ,p>rhasios1 :i* "o naturally associates ) ,euripides or ,ais*ylos#fh4 ,! ,iphig5eia ( ,timan!s 0 a "w t 0 sc>cely possible b = ! fre% int]e/ awak5$ 9 ! /ory by ! ?ree trag$ians#fi4 ,x is highly probable aga9 t ,euripides 0 ! inspiration = ! ,&rom$a ( ,nikias#gj & ! ,m$eia ( ,timoma*us#ga4 ,^! 7 bo? works ( great r5[n4 ,apollodoros' pa9t+ repres5t+ ! ,h]akleidai c ) "s c]ta9ty be ref]r$ to ,euripides' trag$y#gb4 ,!orus1 a ,samian1 pa9t$ ,ore/es slay+ ,aigi/hos & ,klytaime/ra1 & c\ld h>dly h work$ indep5d5t ( ,ais*ylos#gc4 ,! fate ( ,p5!us & ,lykurgos 0 pa9t$ 9 ! y\ng] ( ! two temples 9 ! ,dionysiac prec9ct s\? ( ! ,acropolis#gd4 ,! date ( ?is temple has be5 fix$ at approximately #djj ,b4,c4#ge ,! puni%m5t ( ,p5!us 0 p>ticul>ly popul> ) ! trag$ians1 & ! dep5d5ce ( ?is pa9t+ on ! play ( ,ais*ylos or ,euripides is all b c]ta94 ,! =m]'s ,lykurgeia 0 ! s\rce ( ! num]\s vase pa9t+s ( ,l[] ,italy repres5t+ ! madness ( ! ,?racian k+#gf1 & "o may inf] t ?is pa9t+ m5tion$ by ,pausanias 0 ess5tially ! ,ais*ylean ,lykurgos4 ,9 ! same place 7 two o!r sc5es f ! c>e] ( ,dionysos4 ,ariadne 0 repres5t$ z be+ =sak5 by ,!seus & rescu$ by ! god1 & 9 ano!r place ,dionysos 0 conduct+ ,hephai/os to ,olympos4 ,euripides' ,!seus h&l$ ! love episode 9 ! fir/ ( ! two latt]1 & ?is play 0 probably n )\t its effect ^u ! popul>ity ( ! /ory :i* 0 ( frequ5t occurr5ce1 p>ticul>ly 9 ,pompeii#gg4 ,?is poet's p[] 9 deal+ ) love exploits & depict+ ! sad case ( unrequit$ love & ! att5d+ calamities1 0 a new =ce 9 lit]ature & a nev]-fail+ spr+ f :i* ! pa9t] c\ld draw4 ,^! compositions are "o & all connect$ ) ,dionysos1 :ile ?ree ( !m are p>allel ) subjects h&l$ 9 trag$y4 ,su* sc5es 7 possible only aft] ! drama _h popul>iz$ ! subjects & prep>$ ! way1 s to speak1 = ! reception ( ! same 9 art4 ,ev5 ?\gh "o does n g s f> z to cont5d t ^! pa9t+s 7 an outgr[? ( trag$y1 !y mu/ be accept$ z signs ( ! increas+ int]e/ 9 ,dionysos & 8 wor%ip--& ?is 0 prim>ily ! ,great] ,dionysia1 :]e ! fir/ editions ( ,greek trag$ies 7 publi%$4 ,?is 0 ! p]iod ( ,zeuxis & ,p>rhasios--! "t :5 ,euripidean 0 %ap+ arti/ic conceptions4 #b4 ,! ,wall ,pa9t+s ( ,pompeii & ,h]culaneum4 ,! ,pompeian wall pa9t+s1 repres5t+ sc5es f trag$y1 are l>gely rem9isc5ces ( e>li] pa9t+s1 & _m fam\s works t h already be5 ref]r$ to are d\btless pres]v$ 9 m or less exact copies 9 ^! invaluable monum5ts4 ,besides ! ,m$eia & ,&rom$a1 :i* h be5 notic$ above1 !re is a s]ies ( pa9t+s bas$ on ! ,hippolytos-,phaidra casualty#gh1 & ano!r repres5t+ ! sacrifice ( ,iphig5eia#gi4 ,! latt] exhibit a m>k$ simil>ity to ! "w ( ,timan!s & ! f9al sc5e 9 ,euripides' ,iphig5eia at ,aulis4 ,sev]al important pa9t+s repres5t ! meet+ ( ,ore/es & ,iphig5eia 9 ! ,tauric sanctu>y1 & !re c be no "q reg>d+ ! decid$ dramatic col\r+ "h#hj4 ,two pictures are bas$ on ! ,telephos leg5d1 & rem9d "o aga9 ( ! ,p]gamon frieze & ! relation ( ?is to ,euripides & ,sophokles#ha4 ,daidalos ) 8 wood5 c[ be=e ,pasipha 0 ano!r fav\rite ,euripidean /ory told at ,pompeii#hb4 ,! excavations 9 #ahie br\ght to light an unusual numb] ( priceless treasures 9 ! casa dei ,vettii4 ,among ! pa9t+s 0 "o %[+ ! dea? ( ,p5!us#hc4 ,! ma5ads are hurl+ /ones at him & ?ru/+ him ?r\gh ) _! ?yrsoi2 ! wildness ( ! locality & ! tone ( ! :ole "w make x highly probable t ,euripides' ,bak*ai 0 ! arti/'s inspiration4 ,m5tion may be made la/ly ( ! puni%m5t ( ,dirke1 told 9 sev]al pa9t+s#hd4 ,aft] :at has be5 said t\*+ ! ,f>nese ,bull1 x is n necess>y to po9t out aga9 ! "p play$ 9 ! ,dirke monum5ts by ,euripides' ,antiope4 ,a glance at ?is brief sket* ( anci5t pa9t+s on tragic subjects _c b impress "o ) ! p]man5t & f>-rea*+ influ5ce ( ! tragic poet ov] ! pa9t]4 ,! /rik+ fact t /&s out prom95tly be=e all o!rs is ! firm hold ex]cis$ by ,euripides4 ,note ! foll[+ subjects--,&rom$a1 ,dirke1 ,hippolytos1 ,iphig5eia at ,aulis1 ,m$eia4 ,ea* ( ^! *>act]s has /amp$ ^u x ! =m giv5 by ?is poet4 ,o!rs aft] him adapt$ & translat$ 8 "w1 b ! ultimate au?ority rema9s none ! less ! ,greek trag$ian1 & nei!r ! anci5t nor ! mod]n _w accepts any o!r ?an ! ,euripidean ,&rom$a1 ,hippolytos1 or ,m$eia#he4 #d4 ,,tragic ,,elem5ts ,,on ,,! ,,etruscan ,,mirrors4 ,! engrav]s ( ! mirrors 7 less inv5tive ?an 7 ! sculptors ( ! a%-urns1 & !y mov$ 9 a mu* n>r[] sph]e4 ,_! "w is = ! mo/ "p t ( ! ord9>y me*anic ^: h& is none too sure4 ,! compositions tak5 f trag$y are common ) ^? already met ) on ! ,etruscan s>cophagi4 ,!re are ,ore/es & ,pylades at ! temple ( ! ,tauric ,artemis#hf2 ! ,kalydonian ,hunt1 foll[+ ! #hg2 ,daidalos con/ruct+ ! wood5 c[#hh2 ,polyx5a tak+ h] f>ewell ( ,hekabe#hi2 ?ree sc5es f ! ,telephos leg5d#ij2 ! p>t+ sc5e betwe5 ,alke/is & ,admetos#ia2 & ,prome!us *a9$ to ! ,caucasus#ib4 ,^! in/ances at lea/ may be adduc$ to emphasize ! fact ( ! wide-spread famili>ity ( ! ,etruscans ) trag$y4 ,!re is no d\bt :atev] t 9 ^! common ev]yday articles1 z well z on _! s>cophagi1 ! ,etruscans _h illu/rations ( ! tragic poetry t may h be5 br\ght to !m by troops ( #8,dionysiac arti/s'#ic4 #e4 ,,greek ,,trag$y ,,& ,,! #8,,meg>ian ,,b[ls4' ,int]m$iate betwe5 sculpture & vase pa9t+s appe>s a rem>kably int]e/+ class ( vases1 or r cups1 :i* are decorat$ ) a b& ( relief4 ,c]ta9 ( ^! are s intimately connect$ ) ! drama1 & ) ,euripides 9 p>ticul>1 t at lea/ a brief ref]5ce %\ld be made to !m "h4 ,examples ( ?is w>e are to be se5 9 ne>ly e l>ge museum1 & ,i h se5 fit to include reproductions ( ?ree 9 ! pres5t "w1 z well z a small fragm5t ( a f\r?#id4 ,! inscriptions & g5]al /yle ( ! vases lead "o to date !m 9 ! second or ?ird c5tury ,b4,c4 ,!y are surely n lat] ?an ?is1 & n mu* e>li]4 ,!y owe _! orig9 to a wide-spread int]e/ 9 ! old] ,greek poets4 ,! majority ( ! reliefs repres5t sc5es f ! ,trojan & ,!ban ,cycles1 & illu/rate "s poetical "w4 ,we h to d at ?is "t ) ^? t are relat$ to trag$y4 ,x is pla9 f a casual glance at ! nature ( ! compositions tak5 f tragic lit]ature t x 0 n ! words ( ! poet t sugge/$ ! figures to ! arti/ s mu* z ! !atrical p]=mances !mselves4 ,! pos+s1 ge/ures1 gr\p+s--9 %ort1 ! g5]al attempt at effect1 take "o pa/ ! writt5 "w to ! ,hell5i/ic /age4 ,! motives are borr[$ f ,euripides1 z play$ 9 ! second- & ?ird-c5tury !atre4 ,! humble arti/ :o conceiv$ ^! designs _h visit$ ! exhibitions ( ! ,iphig5eia at ,aulis or ( ! ,pho9issai1 & receiv$ fre% ideas = 8 "w4 ,x is necess>y to emphasize ! fact t ^! little monum5ts date f ! "t :5 ! dom9at+ =ce 9 art 0 ! tragic drama4 ,! influ5ce ( ! !atre 0 felt among all classes ( p4 ,! guilds ( ,dionysiac actors travell$ ar\nd f "o village to ano!r1 & f "o city to ano!r1 produc+ _! rp]toire f ! ?ree great trag$ians1 &1 ev5 :5 !re 0 no p]man5t /age1 deliv]$ f an improvis$ plat=m bad & indiff]5t v]sions ( ! well-kn[n plays#ie4 ,! result 0 t trag$y 0 ! "o popul> =m ( lit]ature 9 ! ,hell5i/ic p]iod1 & ?is meant practically t ! p 7 fea/$ on ,euripides4 ,! #8,meg>ian ,b[ls' are priceless treasures f ?is p]iod :5 ! drama _h p]meat$ all classes ( society4 ,! unpret5ti\s reliefs are replete ) ! _s t "o may discov] at ! same "t 9 ,italy1 ,asia ,m9or1 ,a!ns1 & ,alex&ria4 ,!y are direct witnesses ( ! fact t ,euripides 0 ! p's poet1 & re-en=ce ! impression ga9$ f ! /udy ( all o!r classes ( monum5ts4 ,= my own "p ,i pref] to ?9k ( ^! cups z answ]+ ! place ( text illu/rations & correspond+ to our illu/rat$ editions ( poetical works4 ,"o _c imag9e ! papyri texts ( ! anci5t poets illum9$ ) illu/rations1 b ^! #8,meg>ian ,b[ls' meet e requirem5t ( ?is k9d ( art4 ,9 ord] to keep ! read] f go+ a/ray 9 ! int]pretation ! sc5es are (t5 accompani$ by inscriptions t r5d] any misund]/&+ impossible4 ,! sev]al gr\ps %[+ ! successive /ages ( ! play s]ve 9 fact e end t is dem&$ ( illu/rations4 ,:e!r ! vases 7 us$ by s*oolma/]s 9 drill+ _! boys 9 classical poetry1 or :e!r !y 7 ornam5ts = ! home1 ! poet 0 sure to appeal to 8 admir]s 9 a new mann]4 ,he c\ld be easily rememb]$ by ?is means if artificial aid 0 at all necess>y4 ,!y _h1 moreov]1 ! great m]it ( be+ *eap2 any numb] ( copies c\ld be made f ! m\ld1 & su* cups are really 9 exi/5ce#if4 ,if ?ree replicas ( "o & ! same "w h accid5tally surviv$ ! c5turies & c to-day be /udi$ z text illu/rations ( ,euripides1 h[ ext5sive mu/ h be5 ! production & use ( ?is sort ( art 9 anci5t times6#ig ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,! ,,influ5ce ,,( ,,greek ,,trag$y ,,on ,,vase ,,pa9t+4 #a4 ,,!ories ,,advanc$ ,,= ,,! ,,e>lie/ ,,po9t ,,( ,,contact4 ,! "q z to :5 ! tragic drama fir/ began to influ5ce ! vase pa9t]s has be5 9 late ye>s a mu* moot$ "o4 ,:5 our k ( vase *ronology 0 f> m fragm5t>y ?an x is n[1 & ! black figur$ fabric 0 dat$ z l>gely a fif?-c5tury ,b4,c4 product1 ! attempt 0 made to po9t out ! dep5d5ce on ! drama ( c]ta9 pa9t+s ( ?is /yle#ih4 ,lat]1 :5 ! improbability ( ?is !ory became m & m pla91 & an e>li] date 0 fix$ = ! black figur$ vases1 o!r s*ol>s endeav\r$ to %[ t ! pa9t]s ( ,euphronios' set--! ma/]s ( ! sev]e r$ figur$ kylikes--/ood "u ! influ5ce ( ! ?ree trag$ians#ii4 ,no "o w\ld v5ture1 h[ev]1 to speak n[ ( ! influ5ce ( any ( ! dramati/s ^u ! vase pa9t]s ( ?is /yle t fl\ri%$ at ! end ( ! six? & beg9n+ ( ! fif? c5tury4 ,m ne>ly correct 0 ! pr9ciple laid d[n by ,rob]t1 9 8 fam\s book ,bild und ,li$1 t no vase pa9t+ ( ! fif? c5tury ,b4,c4 %[s ! influ5ce ( h]oic leg5ds z reca/ by ! trag$ians & produc$ 9 ! !atre4 ,be=e ! ye> #djj ,b4,c4 "o %\ld n expect to f9d sc5es ^u ! vases t are ! direct outcome ( ! tragic drama4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is go+ too f> to ! o!r extreme4 ,!re is a mean t may be /ruck1 & ?is is1 z w appe>1 m 9 accord ) ! pres5t k ( ,greek c]amics4 #b4 ,,e>lie/ ,,evid5ce4 ,!re is "o po9t on :i* !re seems to be little diff]5ce ( op9ion1 & t is1 t ! lu/y *oruses ( satyrs t ab\nd on ! e>ly r$ figur$ vases 7 l>gely popul>iz$ ?r\gh ! ,dionysiac tra9s4 ,^! gr\ps ( danc+1 spr++ satyrs along ) ,dionysos are direct reflexions ( ! sc5es t actually took place1 & z ^! celebrations 7 ! simple beg9n+s ( ! tragic drama !re is 9 ?is class ( pictures a remote e*o ( ! !atre4 ,yet "o mu/ n und]/& t ! arti/s 7 consci\s ( foll[+ any p>ticul> p]=mance#ajj4 ,^! sc5es bord] m on :at we %\ld imag9e a satyric drama to h be54 ,x 0 a long way f ?is comical1 kick-ab\t dance ( ! satyrs ar\nd ,dionysos & 8 alt> to ! "t :5 ! actual p]=mance ( ! !atre1 su* z is se5 on ! ,&rom$a krat]1 occurs on ! vases4 ,/ill ^! 7 beg9n+s4 ,ano!r exce$+ly in/ructive bit ( evid5ce = ! developm5t ( tragic influ5ces 7or r x is bett] to speak /ill ( ,dionysiac influ5ces7 is f\nd on a black figur$ vase 9 ,bologna#aja4 ,! pa9t+ repres5ts ! epiphany ( ! god :o rides 9 a %ip borne on :eels & drawn by two satyrs be=e :om m>* two o!rs lead+ a /e]4 ,! god :o sits en?ron$ ^u ! %ip is be+ ent]ta9$ by flute music furni%$ by two satyrs rid+ ) him4 ,su* sights we h reason to believe 7 n uncommon 9 ,attica1 & x may h be5 9 su* a c>rus navalis t ,!spis travell$ ! c\ntry & e/abli%$ ! beg9n+s ( ! lat] drama4 ,^! & ! satyr-tra9s appe> !re=e to be a v significant inh]itance :i* ! e>li] vase pa9t]s h left u = ! dis5tangl+ ( ! all too b>e lit]>y records t\*+ ! orig9 ( ! tragic drama4 #c4 ,,fif? ,,c5tury4 ,long be=e "o c di/+ui% def9ite plays reflect$ 9 ! vase pa9t+s1 c]ta9 m>ks ( int]e/ 9 trag$y may be detect$4 ,!re are1 = example1 repres5tations ( ! c]emony connect$ ) ! d$ication ( ! tripod-prize4 ,! pa9t]s ( cir4 #dfj ,b4,c4 h already tak5 up ?is "p ( ! dramatic p]=mances & h indicat$ !reby ! gr[+ int]e/ 9 ! !atrical exhibitions#ajb4 ,ab\t ! same "t also ! p]sonification ( trag$y & com$y makes its appe>ance on ! vases#ajc4 ,^! are n 9 !mselves po9ts ( s great weight1 b !y help to cle> ! way = und]/&+ ! trem5d\s influ5ce :i* ! drama _h ^u arti/s ( ! succe$+ g5]ations4 ,d[n to ! middle ( ! fif? c5tury ! pr$om9at+ =ce 9 ! leg5d>y sc5es on ! vases 0 ,hom] & ! o!r epic writ]s4 ,at ?is po9t ! latt] began to %>e _! popul>ity ) ! trag$ians1 & gradually b surely pass$ into ! second place4 ,t ,rob]t's position is n a correct "o seems to me highly probable1 & nev]!less "o f9ds 8 words s (t5 quot$ t !re is ne$ ( plac+ ! evid5ce toge!r & inquir+ anew into ! "q4 ,= my own "p ,i am unable to und]/& :y ! !atre did n ex]t an influ5ce ^u ! small] art ( vase indu/ry z well z x did ^u ! m important art ( pa9t+4 ,:5 "o notes 9 ! fif? c5tury t great arti/s l ,timan!s & ,p>rhasios 7 drawn "u ! spell ( trag$y x is b natural to suppose t ! same 0 true also 9 ! case ( ! less fam\s vase pa9t]s4 ,:y %\ld ! influ5ce h be5 m pron\nc$ 9 "o in/ance ?an 9 ! o!r8 ,if ,ais*ylos & ,euripides 7 popul> en\gh to w>rant ! support ( ! illu/ri\s arti/s1 "o may correctly assume t ! vase pa9t] grasp$ ?is po9t likewise4 ,! latt] 0 prim>ily conc]n$ 9 produc+ some?+ saleable1 & ! pictures t 7 popul> & saleable = ! fir/ class 7 no less s = ! second class4 ,?is s f> has1 h[ev]1 no fur!r weight ?an "o's p]sonal op9ion4 ,let u turn to ! monum5ts & see :at !re is to be> out ?is view4 ,! ,b]l9 ,&rom$a krat] may be ref]r$ to fir/#ajd4 ,?is is "o ( ! mo/ brilliant examples ascribable to trag$y4 ,! pr(usely decorat$ co/umes induce "o to believe t ! arti/ really reproduc$ ! dress ( ! actors 9 ,euripides' play4 ,! !atrical air ab\t ! "w is q unmi/akable1 & its ,attic orig9 leads "o to connect x directly ) ! imm5se success won by ! ,&rom$a 9 #dab ,b4,c4 ,! ,kyklops vase1 publi%$ & discuss$ bel[1 also dates f ! la/ qu>t] ( ! fif? c5tury#aje4 ,a vase 9 ,naples repres5t+ ,diom$es' rape ( ! ,palladium has be5 ref]r$ to ,sophokles' 1 & its date is cir4 #dbj ,b4,c4#ajf ,! pa9t+ on ! ,l[] ,italy vase publi%$ bel[ is also f ab\t ?is same "t & foll[s ! ,eum5ides#ajg4 ,i ref] la/ly to ! celebrat$ satyr-play vase 9 ,naples z belong+ to ?is p]iod1 & furni%+ at ! same "t ! mo/ palpable evid5ce ( !atrical influ5ce ^u ! arti/#ajh4 ,! picture %[s a recital ( a satyr *orus 9 ! pres5ce ( ,dionysos & ,ariadne1 & is1 z x 71 a snap-%ot ( ?is peculi> in/itution4 ,! pa9t+ has long be5 ! key/one ( ! anci5t te/imony conc]n+ ! nature ( ! satyric drama4 ,! ri*ness ( ! co/ume worn by ,dionysos & ,ariadne gives an invaluable illu/ration ( ! actors' dress4 ,9 ?is reg>d ! "w is 9 direct accord ) ,pollux's 444 1 #aji4 ,^! are ! mo/ important examples t c be br\ght =w>d to %[ ! influ5ce ( ! drama on fif?-c5tury vase pa9t+1 & al?\gh n to be comp>$ ) ! va/ numb] ( pa9t+s ( a lat] p]iod t indicate ! developm5t ( tragic t5d5cies1 !y seem nev]!less to con/itute a consid]able array ( evid5ce = ! occurr5ce ( def9ite tragic sc5es borr[$ f ! drama4 ,! vase pa9t+s !re=e ( ! la/ qu>t] ( ?is c5tury d furni% und\bt$ traces ( ! =ms ( ! my?s se5 9 ! !atre#aaj4 #d4 ,,! ,,f\r? ,,c5tury ,,& ,,! ,,conditions ,,9 ,,l[] ,,italy4 ,till ! close ( ! fif? c5tury1 or at lea/ till ! "t ( ! ,peloponnesian ,w>1 ! export ( vases f ,a!ns1 ,cor9?1 & o!r c5tres 9 ,greece 0 a lively & pay+ indu/ry4 ,?is traffic _h be5 c>ri$ on ) all ! ,m$it]ranean & ,black ,sea ports1 b especially ) ! cities ( ,italy4 ,by f> ! l>ge/ numb] ( six?- & fif?-c5tury ,attic vases n[ 9 ! ,european museums & private collections h come f excavations 9 ,etruria4 ,?is article ( trade mu/ h be5 highly priz$ by ! ,etruscans1 & x is to _! fondness = ,greek vases t we owe a v l>ge "p ( our k 9 ?is important field ( classical ar*aeology4 ,) ! f\nd+ ( ,greek colonies 9 ,italy ! ,greek indu/ries 7 likewise e/abli%$1 & x 0 b a "q ( "t till ,?urii 7f\nd$ #dde ,b4,c471 ,t>5tum1 ,h]akleia1 & o!r cities suppli$ ! we/]n dem& = vases1 & s de/roy$ ! ,attic trade4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 few ,attic vases belong+ to ! f\r? c5tury h be5 discov]$ 9 ,l[] ,italy1 & ?is means t f ab\t #djj ,b4,c4 ! dem& _h fall5 (f1 & ! manufacture 9 ,a!ns _h become gradually less & less important4 ,x 0 to fav\rable soil t ?is indu/ry 0 transplant$4 ,! cities ( ,magna ,graecia & ,sicily 7 z ,greek z 7 ,a!ns & ,cor9?1 & !y 71 besides1 f> m prosp]\s4 ,! f\r? c5tury 0 "o ( great luxury 9 ^! we/]n capitals & ,a!nian art & lett]s f\nd a he>ty welcome "h4 ,x is in/ructive to obs]ve ! cle> traces ( ,a!nian art t are at h& on ! co9s ( ^! regions4 ,! leg5ds on ! co9s ( ,?urii1 ,h]akleia1 ,t]9a1 & ,syracuse1 dat+ f ! latt] half ( ! fif? c5tury b4c41 are z di/9ctly ,pheidian 9 /yle z are ^? ( ! correspond+ "t at ,a!ns#aaa1 & ?is %[s cle>ly ! intimate int]c\rse t exi/$ betwe5 ! ,ea/ & ! ,we/1 & h[ rapidly ! coloni/s took up & appropriat$ ! arti/ic notions ( ,a!ns4 ,_m o!r ?+s po9t to ! ?or\ghly ,greek l&scape ( ,s\!rn ,italy4 ,greek names ( cities ab\nd$ ev]y:]e1 & ! ance/ral h]o ( mo/ ( ! ,apulian t[ns 0 ,diom$e--! ,a5eas ( ! ,s\?#aab4 ,ea* t[n _h its own m9t & /ruck its own co9 )1 ( c\rse1 a ,greek leg5d & a ,greek inscription4 ,t>5tum soon became ! l>ge/ & mo/ influ5tial city ( ,magna ,graecia4 ,! city f\nd$ by ,t>as 0 de/9$ to be ! ,a!ns ( ! ,we/ = "s "t to come4 ,"h 0 ! c5tre f :i* ,attic influ5ces p5etrat$ inl&4 ,! lit]ature & art ( ,hellas 7 receiv$ "h & h&$ on to ! neighb\r+ cities4 ,x is b natural t ?is fl\ri%+ capital %\ld h become ! seat ( ! vase indu/ry = ?is "p ( ,italy4 ,! manufacture 0 n1 h[ev]1 conf9$ to ! limits ( ! city4 ,we "k t o!r t[ns 9 ,apulia contribut$ to ! va/ numb] ( vases t we "k z #8,t>5t9e' fabric4 ,!re is e reason to believe t ?is ?or\ghly ,greek indu/ry cont9u$ )\t any int]ruption till ! capture ( ,t>5tum1 #bgb ,b4,c42 b at ?is po9t ! int]e/ 9 vase manufacture no d\bt began to abate some:at4 ,:5 ! comm]cial indep5d5ce & rank ( ,t>5tum 7 gone ! p]iod ( decl9e began1 & ! vases t belong to ! ?ird c5tury ,b4,c4 are nei!r num]\s nor ( great wor? arti/ically4 ,! my/]ies ( ,l[] ,italy vase *ronology are1 h[ev]1 too great to be settl$ = "s "t to come1 & x is be/ n to be ra% 9 assign+ h>d & fa/ dates to a class ( monum5ts1 ! inve/igation conc]n+ :i* is q 9 its infancy4 ,b :at c be said ab\t ! drama at ,t>5tum8 ,! rem>ks already made h>dly r5d] x necess>y to emphasize ! high e/eem 9 :i* ! ,attic trag$y 0 held4 ,t x 0 patroniz$ ext5sively & t x 0 ! lit]ature ( ! "t 0 true 9 any ,greek city ( ! f\r? c5tury1 & "h :]e a new ,a!ns fl\ri%$ x mu/ h be5 d\bly true4 ,x is int]e/+1 h[ev]1 to le>n some?+ def9ite 9 ?is reg>d conc]n+ ! ,t>5t9es4 ,we le>n f ,plato t ! p 7 invet]ate !atre-go]s1 & t !y did n /op %ort ( drunk5ness at ! ,dionysiac fea/#aac4 ,9 ano!r place "o is told t :5 ! ,roman g5]al ,val]ius sail$ into ! h>b\r 9 #bhb ,b4,c4 ! ,t>5t9es 7 celebrat+ ! ,dionysia & paid no he$ to ! practical ,roman#aad4 ,worse ?an ?is1 ,pyrrhus f\nd x necess>y to ord] ! !atres to be clos$ t he might succe$ 9 gett+ ! m5 out = milit>y s]vice#aae4 ,su* 0 ! fav\rable soil 9 :i* ! ,attic drama took root 9 ,l[] ,italy1 & 9 ?is c5tre ! influ5ce ( trag$y on ! vase decorators 0 p]haps m f>-rea*+ ?an 9 any anci5t city4 ,! ext5t ( ! influ5ce may be se5 by an exam9ation ( ! pa9t+s on ! ,l[] ,italy vases4 ,x has long s9ce be5 notic$ t _m ( ! ,apulian1 ,campanian1 & ,lucanian vase pa9t+s h a m>k$ !atrical composition4 ,! co/umes1 pos+s1 & ge/ures are (t5 notori\sly /age-l4 ,9 _m cases "o c obs]ve ! rem9isc5ce ( ! /age sett+2 ! sc5e (t5 repres5ts a temple or palace 9 or be=e :i* ! action occurs#aaf1 & ev5 :]e "o is n able to det]m9e ^u ! lit]>y s\rce ( ! picture ! dramatic h&l+ is pla91 & "o is conv9c$ t "s trag$y furni%$ ! sugge/ion = ! "w4 ,! pa9t+s are n to be consid]$ by any means reliable copies ( any p>ticul> sc5e 9 a !atre4 ,!y 7 abridg$1 ext5d$ or modifi$ at ! notion ( ! arti/4 ,:5 he took 8 ideas f ! trag$ian1 he might turn ! *>act]s r\nd to please 8 own fancy1 putt+ 9 or omitt+ o!rs4 ,he nev] illu/rat$4 ,! value ( ^! pa9t+s 9 help+ "o to recon/ruct ! lo/ plays is v consid]able4 ,!y are g5]ally c]ta9 to provide m valuable in=mation reg>d+ ! lo/ lit]ature ?an ! few fragm5ts t may h come d[n to u#aag4 ,z ! ?ree trag$ians ( ! fif? c5tury ,b4,c4 7 practically ! only ones t 7 read & he>d ) pleasure 9 ! f\r? c5tury1 _! "w is ! s\rce ( ne>ly all ( ! pa9t+s bas$ on trag$y4 ,we may pass on !re=e to our /udy ( ,ais*ylos1 ,sophokles1 & ,euripides 9 _! influ5ce ^u ! vase pa9t]s4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,ais*ylos ,,& ,,! ,,vase ,,pa9t+s #a4 ,,introduction4 ,not)/&+ ! fact t ! olde/ ( ! trag$ians 0 ! lea/ read 9 ! f\r? c5tury ,b4,c41 he easily rivals ,sophokles 9 8 influ5ce on art4 ,?is 0 n due to 8 be+ m admir$1 & c only be acc\nt$ = by ! bold situations t he inv5t$-situations new & /rik+4 ,!re are c]ta9 ( 8 plays t left a la/+ impression on ,greek & ,roman art4 ,su* are ! ,*oephoroi1 ! ,eum5ides1 & ! ,lykurgeia4 ,fur!r ?an ^!1 ,ais*ylean plays did n appeal to ! arti/ to any great ext5t4 ,x is ! peculi>ly popul> inv5tions di/+ui%able 9 ^! trag$ies1 _! uniqu5ess1 s to speak1 t set !m ap>t by !mselves1 a m>k = ! arti/4 ,! "* ( ! plays is easily d5ot$4 ,!y r+ ) cries ( murd] & res\nd ) ! /orm+ fury ( av5g+ deities2 we are /ruck by ! p]ils ( ! situations & rema9 all b brea?less to le>n ! issue4 ,^! features attract$ ! pa9t] & sculptor1 & ?is is :at meets "o on all ! monum5ts t may be call$ ,ais*ylean4 ,! deep religi\s ve9 t pulsates 9 e l9e ( ! mighty trag$ian is reflect$ to "s degree on ! vases & ! s>cophagi4 ,?is =ce 9 art 0 r epic2 x 01 9 a way1 ,polygnotean1 & ! e?ical nature ( x all b condemn$ x = ! arti/s :o s\ght ! ( ,euripides4 ,?is v fact expla9s :y ,ais*ylos & ,sophokles did n address !mselves m to ! succe$+ g5]ations ( arti/s4 ,! e?ical 0 m difficult to express ?an 0 ! pa!tic1 & x 0 n s attractive4 ,! _s ( ! times1 moreov]1 dem&$ ! latt] z x dem&$ ,euripides1 & consequ5tly "o %\ld n expect to meet a l>ge numb] ( vase pa9t+s t 7 made "u ! influ5ce ( ei!r ,ais*ylos or ,sophokles4 ,^? t c be associat$ ) ! extant trag$ies ( ! =m] are giv5 9 ! foll[+ pages4 ,x w be obs]v$ t c]ta9 sc5es f ,ais*ylos 7 greatly 9 fav\r 9 ,l[] ,italy4 ,all ( ! n9e pa9t+s publi%$ are f ,italian w>e4 ,n "o ,attic vase t %[s an ,ais*ylean sc5e has1 s f> z ,i "k1 be5 discov]$4 ,9 ! ,we/1 h[ev]1 :]e he 0 q z mu* at home z 9 8 own ,a!ns & :]e he 0 de/9$ to end 8 days1 ! vase decorators 7 l>gely influ5c$ by him4 #b4 ,,*oephoroi4 ,!re is no pro( at h& t epic lit]ature knew aught ( ,elektra or ! "p :i* %e play$ 9 av5g+ h] fa!r's murd]4 ,! fragm5ts f ! lyric poet ,/esi*oros furni% ! olde/ lit]>y s\rce = ! ,ore/eia :i* became lat] s popul> "u ! h&s ( ! fif?-c5tury trag$ians4 ,! trilogy ( ,ais*ylos :i* has happily come d[n to u is1 !re=e1 ! olde/ extant au?ority4 ,:5 "o turns to works ( art "o discov]s a s]ies ( vase pa9t+s repres5t+ ! dea? ( ,aigi/hos2 yet ^! are b a little old] ?an ,ais*ylos' "w#aah4 ,ev5ts conc]n$ ) ,ore/es' return are ev5 less common 9 e>ly art4 ,! ,melan t]ra cotta plaque 9 ! ,l\vre1 :i* repres5ts a sc5e some:at simil> to ! op5+ ( ! ,*oephoroi1 is ! olde/ ( ! ,ore/eia monum5ts1 b /ill mu/ be dat$ )9 ! fif? c5tury ,b4,c4#aai ,x may be consid]$ z fairly well e/abli%$ t ,elektra & ,ore/es fir/ appe>$ 9 art b a few ye>s be=e ! production ( ,ais*ylos' trilogy 9 #deh ,b4,c4 ,nor is x possible1 s f> z ,i "k1 to discov] any influ5ce ( ! ,agamemnon or ,*oephoroi ^u arti/ic productions 9 ! la/ half ( ! c5tury4 ,a small gr\p ( vase pa9t+s f ,l[] ,italy belong+ to ! f\r? c5tury ,b4,c4 d1 h[ev]1 pres5t situations :i* "o may well believe to h be5 sugge/$ by ! e>ly "p ( ! ,*oephoroi4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a4 ,! pa9t+ %[n 9 fig4 #aabj repres5ts a tomb1 ! base ( :i* is decorat$ ) triglyphs4 ,surm\nt+ ?is is a /ele1 cr[n$ ) a ,cor9?ian helm1 & be>+ ! "n 4 ,sitt+ ) h] back to ! /ele on ! left is ,elektra1 1 we>+ a *iton & mantle & clasp+ h] left knee 9 a m$itative mood2 beside h] is ano!r female figure simil>ly dress$ & hold+ a toilet box 9 ! left arm1 an unusually common article on ! vases ( ,l[] ,italy4 ,p]haps ! box is meant to recall ! (f]+s :i* 7 br\ght 9 x to ! grave4 ,?is p]son is n necess>ily ,*ryso!mis1 al?\gh h] dress w\ld be m appropriate = ,elektra's si/] ?an = h] att5dant4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 ! "w ( ! latt] to c>ry su* a box ( (f]+s = ,elektra4 ,! figure may !re=e be left unnam$4 ,h] face is turn$ t[>ds ,ore/es1 1 :o /&s on ! "r & appe>s to be speak+ to ,elektra1 :o pays no att5tion to 8 words or 8 ge/ure4 ,he is 9 travell+ co/ume1 *lamys1 petasos1 & c>ries a spe> & sword1 b curi\sly en\gh we>s no boots4 ,bel[ him to ! "r 9 a simil> attitude /&s ,pylades4 ,he has simply a *lamys & a spe>4 ,ano!r y\? sits above on a t]ra94 ,he s]ves to r\nd out ! picture1 & indicates at ! same "t ! att5dants ( ,ore/es4 ,9 ! backgr\nd are a sword & %ield2 on ! grave is an amphora1 z an (f]+1 exactly ! %ape ( ! vase on :i* ! pa9t+ occurs4 ,!re are num]\s re/orations 9 ! "w1 b ! ma9 "p seems to be antique4 ,heydemann /ates t ! inscription on ! /ele is g5u9e1 & also 4 ,d\bt is express$ conc]n+ 4 ,we h be=e u ! grave ( ,agamemnon1 at :i* ! fir/ #ehe v]ses ( ! ,*oephoroi 7 play$4 ,!re is no trace ( palace or royal build+4 ,ore/es1 accompani$ by ,pylades1 ent]s ! or*e/ra & lays 8 tribute ^u 8 fa!r's tomb1 ' ' 7v4 #d71 b sudd5ly )draws to avoid ! company ( wom5 :i* approa*es ) c]emonial /ep4 ,! *orus & ,elektra proce$ to p]=m _! s]vices :5 ! latt] discov]s ! lock ( hair1 7v4 #bjj71 & ! footpr9ts--two pro(s t ,ore/es mu/ be ne>4 ,:ile %e is /ill exam9+ ! tracks ! latt] comes up & proves beyond a d\bt1 by po9t+ to ! g>m5t t ,elektra _h once wov51 :o he is 7vs4 #bab-bcb74 ,p]haps "o may ?9k ( ,elektra z sitt+ ^u ! grave at "s po9t betwe5 v4 #hd & v4 #bab1 b :5 %e _h discov]$ ! traces ( ,ore/es' pres5ce1 %e mu/ h be5 actively scann+ ! surr\nd+s4 ,x pleas$ ! arti/1 h[ev]1 to repres5t h] z ignor+ ! appeal ( h] bro!r1 or at lea/ manife/+ no signs ( recogniz+ him4 ,b = ! pres5ce ( ! "o w\ld be incl9$ to see ! influ5ce ( ,sophokles' ,elektra1 :]e ,ore/es' words ga9 cr$5ce v sl[ly1 & :]e ,elektra hesitates long1 be=e believ+ 8 ass]tions t he is liv+ & /&+ be=e h] 7v4 #abai ff474 ,b ! ,sophoklean trag$y is play$ be=e ! palace4 ,! p$agogue & ,ore/es leave ! or*e/ra to p\r _! libations on ! grave 7v4 #hb ff47 :5 ,elektra comes out ( ! h\se4 ,! fact t ! recognition sc5e is repres5t$ z tak+ place at ! grave gives u !re=e ample reason = accept+ our pa9t+ z "u ! influ5ce ( ! ,*oephoroi4 ,?is pa9t+ is /rik+ly free 9 its conception2 no words ( ! poet c be cit$ z fitt+ ! situation4 ,! sugge/ion1 ! sett+1 are ,ais*ylean2 all else is ! arti/'s4 ,! "w is f> remov$ f ! "* ( an illu/ration4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #b 7vid4 p4 #dg ff474 ,! second pa9t+ is on a ,lucanian hydria#aba4 ,! c5tral sc5e is aga9 ! ( ,agamemnon1 built up ) sev]al /eps & surm\nt$ by a /ele ) ,ionic capital & b\nd by a fillet4 ,elektra sits ^u ! upp] /ep 9 veil & *iton4 ,%e holds ! =m] ) h] "r h& & looks away into space4 ,on o!r /eps bel[ h] are a leky?os & o!r small vases1 also a pomegranate & a fillet4 ,! (f]+s are mu* m abundant "h ?an 9 fig4 #a4 ,unnotic$ by 8 si/]1 ,ore/es approa*es ! /ele on ! left1 dress$ z 9 fig4 #a1 ) ! addition ( boots4 ,he is ab\t to p\r a libation f a kylix 9 8 left h&4 ,! male figure sitt+ next to him is d\btless ,pylades4 ,he turns 8 head t[>ds ! ma9 sc5e4 ,! rema9+ figure "h is b remotely associat$ ) ! action4 ,! p]sons on ! "r are m int]e/+4 ,! y\? /&+ on ! /ep ( ! grave ab\t to lay a wrea? ^u ! /ele is d5ot$ by 8 k]ykeion z ,h]mes4 ,he we>s a travell+ co/ume )\t ! usual boots4 ,an eld]ly1 be>d$1 male figure /&s beh9d him4 ,he is n *>act]iz$ except by a mantle & a long /aff1 b has be5 int]pret$ z ,ore/es' p$agogue4 ,! only objection to ?is is 8 dress#abb1 b ?is may be due to ! c>elessness ( ! arti/4 ,beh9d him is ano!r be>d$ male figure sitt+ ^u a sort ( bag1 or pack4 ,8 %ort *iton1 %oes1 & /aff all po9t him out z a travell]4 ,! peculi>1 close-fitt+ cap d5otes him z a =eign]4 ,! female figure on ! extreme "r 9 ,doric peplos c>ries an aryballos 9 h] left h&1 & gazes at ! gr\p be=e h]4 ,p]haps %e belongs to ,elektra4 ,! discussion ( fig4 #a above applies equally well to ,ore/es & ,elektra "h4 ,we h practically a repetition ( ! gr\p4 ,! =m] figure is1 h[ev]1 ?\ght ( at an e>li] mom5t4 ,by remov+ ,elektra "o may ?9k ( ,ore/es at ! op5+ ( ! play4 ,he holds ! vase 9 8 h& r ?an ! lock ( hair4 ,! fir/ words ( ! prologue are sugge/ive-- ' 1 ' 4 ,*?onian ,h]mes1 :o gu>ds ! ance/ral rights1 has really manife/$ himself 9 ! pa9t+1 & has appe>$ z a p>ticul> ally4 ,! act ( cr[n+ ! /ele decl>es ,h]mes' fri5dl9ess t[>d ! family & 8 int]e/ 9 ,agamemnon's %ade4 ,elektra addresses him also & besee*es him to he> h] supplications & pity h] & h] de> ,ore/es 7v4 #abd ff474 ,we may note1 !re=e1 a special fitness 9 ! arti/'s express+ ?is d\ble relation ( ,h]mes to ! *ildr54 ,invok$ by bo? ( !m z a protect+ god he introduces no?+ t is n 9 h>mony ) ! _s ( ,ais*ylos4 ,! addition ( ?is figure is1 moreov]1 a good in/ance ( ! lib]ty :i* ! vase pa9t]s took ) _! au?ors1 & %[s well ! diff]5ce betwe5 illu/ration & indep5d5t "w4 ,x _c be d5i$ t ) ! assi/ance ( ?is monum5t "o is l$ to see betwe5 ! l9es ( ! ,*oephoroi4 ,! p$agogue :o does n appe> 9 ,ais*ylos is nev]!less a natural ext5sion ( ! gr\p4 ,x w be rememb]$ t he speaks ! prologue 9 ! ,elektra ( ,sophokles & occupies ! place :i* ,pylades usually fills4 ,9 ,euripides' ,elektra 7v4 #af71 ,aut\rgos says t ,ore/es _h be5 giv5 into ! *>ge ( a 4 ,! p]son re/+ on ! pack appe>s at fir/ sight a gratuit\s addition ( ! arti/1 b on clos] exam9ation ! sugge/ion = him is f\nd 9 ! poet4 ,:5 ,ore/es expla9s to ! *orus t he & ,pylades w attempt to ga9 an entrance to ! palace1 he /ates t !y w disguise !mselves z =eign]s by speak+ ! ,phokean dialect 7v4 #efc f474 ,to ,klytaime/ra's int]rogations 7v4 #ffh ff47 he replies-- ' 444 ,9 o!r words1 he is a /rang] f ,phokis :o has to c>ry 8 own pack4 ,x is ^u ?is t ! figure is re/+4 ,! arti/ has *>act]iz$ him z a =eign] by ! peculi> cap4 ,no ,greek ev] wore su* a head-dress4 ,! make-up h9ts at ! appe>ance ( ,ore/es seek+ admittance to ! palace1 :ile1 ( c\rse1 ! p]son is to be und]/ood m]ely z "o ( ! latt]'s s]vants4 ,:atev] he may h said ab\t c>ry+ 8 own pack1 no arti/ w\ld h ?us repres5t$ him4 ,on ! olde/ ( ! ,ore/es-,elektra monum5ts1 ! ,melan relief#abc1 !re is su* a figure /&+ beh9d ,ore/es ) 8 luggage /rapp$ to 8 %\ld]s4 ,x seems to me t ! pa9t] has navely caught up ! _s ( ! text & br\ght 9 a figure :i* goes f> t[>ds add+ a *>m & int]e/ to ! sc5e4 ,ano!r ,lucanian hydria repres5t+ ! same sc5e is publi%$ "h = ! fir/ "t1 9 fig4 #cabd4 ,x w be m in/ructive to po9t out ! few po9ts 9 :i* ! two pa9t+s diff] f ea* o!r ?an to describe ?is "o entire4 ,! column 9 #c has a ,doric capital1 ) mae&] & *eck]-bo>d ornam5t2 9 #b ! capital is ,ionic4 ,9 #c ,h]mes /&s on ! gr\nd2 9 #b he /&s on ! /ep to ! grave4 ,elektra rea*es out h] left h& 9 #c z ?\gh to receive ! libation2 9 #b %e is unm9dful ( ,ore/es4 ,! latt] holds a kylix 9 #b1 & 9 #c a pit*]4 ,8 hat is a pilos 9 #c1 & he we>s x2 9 #b ! petasos hangs on ! back ( 8 neck4 ,! ,phokean att5dant sitt+ ^u ! luggage is 9 #c ^u ! left1 & 9 #b ^u ! "r4 ,!re is an extraord9>y lik5ess betwe5 ! two4 ,!re is ! same crook$ nose1 %ort *iton1 & odd cap1 b ! latt] has no tassel 9 #c4 ,! s]vant we>s1 besides1 a *lamys & re/s 8 /ick ov] 8 leg4 ,beh9d him is ! nude y\?1 z 9 #b1 ^u ! left1 hold+ an o9tm5t vase 9 a sort ( c>ri]4 ,! two male figures ( #b adjo9+ ! ma9 sc5e are want+ 9 #c4 ,9 _! /ead is a female figure sitt+ ^u a /ool & hold+ a l>ge toilet box4 ,%e is dress$ 9 a ,doric peplos ) an apoptygma4 ,%e is evid5tly an att5dant ( ,elektra1 & rem9ds "o /rongly ( ! figure 9 fig4 #a4 ,beh9d h] is ! *>m+ girl1 exactly z 9 #b1 except t %e c>ries ! aryballos 9 h] "r1 & 9 ! left h& a small box4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #c 7vid4 p4 #ea ff474 ,! pa9t+ is1 x w\ld seem1 m beautiful ?an t ( fig4 #b1 al?\gh ! publication ( ! latt] is an old "o1 & may be m or less inaccurate4 ,i h n se5 ! vase myself4 ,! sc5e is abbreviat$ by "o figure2 ,pylades w\ld be expect$4 ,/ill ano!r pa9t+ is giv5 9 fig4 #dabe1 %[+ a fur!r /ep ( simplification4 ,only ! middle gr\p1 ) ! female att5dant c>ry+ ! aryballos1 occurs4 ,h]mes' position is ! same z 9 fig4 #b1 b ! arti/ has =gott5 to draw ! wrea? 9 8 "r4 ,8 *lamys1 too1 is button$ prop]ly in/ead ( be+ wrapp$ ar\nd 8 arm4 ,! latt]1 h[ev]1 has ! same /umpy appe>ance se5 9 #b & #c4 ,z ! sc5e is simpl]1 s ! (f]+s on ! tomb are few]4 ,ore/es' libation is "h 9 a kan?>os4 ,! pa9t+ is a c>eless piece ( "w1 & _c be rank$ ) ! o!r two4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 v int]e/+ z giv+ ano!r l9k to ! *a9 ( evid5ce4 ,!re c be little d\bt t ^! vases all belong to ! same arti/ or t !y come f ! same locality4 ,! m>vell\s agreem5t t runs ?r\gh !m is some?+ q extraord9>y4 ,i "k ( no o!r simil> cases 9 vase pa9t+s ( ! r$ figur$ w>e4 ,! popul>ity ( ?is sc5e1 & !re=e ( ,ais*ylos' ,*oephoroi1 is atte/$ by su* a s]ies ( pa9t+s z "o _c f9d 9 ! case ( any o!r "w 9 ,greek lit]ature4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #d4 ,s9ce writ+ ! above ,i h discov]$ 9 ! ,l\vre ano!r ,lucanian vase t repres5ts a fur!r simplification ( ?is sc5e#abf4 ,! pa9t+ is practically id5tical ) ! middle gr\p 9 fig4 #c4 ,peculi> to ! ,l\vre pa9t+ are ! tomb ) five /eps & ! r tall column1 ,doric ord]1 surm\nt$ by a krat]2 an aryballos & /rigil1 9 addition to ! ta5ia1 are fa/5$ to ! column4 ,!re is a fur!r slight v>iation 9 ,elektra's position1 = on h] "r is a krat]4 ,on h] left is a leky?os2 bel[ are ! two pomegranates1 ta5ia1 & black leky?os1 j z 9 fig4 #c4 ,! only diff]5ce 9 ! o!r p]sons is t ,ore/es holds out a kylix & n a pit*]4 ,! pa9t+ is evid5tly a product ( ! same /udio z are ^? 9 figs4 #b1 #c & #d4 ,x =ms ano!r memb] ( ?is rem>kable class ( pictures t /&s alone1 unique 9 ,greek c]amics1 & be>s witness to ! enorm\s popul>ity ( ?is sc5e f ,ais*ylos4 ,9 ! face ( ?is important *a9 ( evid5ce "o is safe1 x seems to me1 9 claim+ t ,ais*ylos 0 act$ 9 ! f\r? c5tury ,b4,c4 & t consid]ably4 ,:at kept ?is sc5e be=e ! public & induc$ ! arti/ & 8 pupils to turn out s _m copies ( ! same "w8 ,to h be5 ?us s saleable ! picture mu/ h be5 popul>1 & ?is c\ld h come ab\t be/ ?r\gh ! act$ drama4 ,^! vases & ^? foll[+1 bas$ on ! ,eum5ides1 mu/ impress ! imp>tial /ud5t ) ! fact t ,euripides & ,sophokles did n by any means ou/ ,ais*ylos completely 9 ,l[] ,italy4 #c4 ,,eum5ides4 ,! v>i\s /ories :i* may h be5 popul>ly told 9 reg>d to ,ore/es' purification1 & 8 reconciliation ) ! ,furies1 prior to ,m>* #deh ,b4,c4 7 swept = ev] into oblivion by ! la/ memb] ( ,ais*ylos' trilogy4 ,! /amp ( 8 g5ius has ev] rema9$ ^u ! my?1 & no "o ev] attempt$ to repeat 8 "w#abg4 ,all ! elem5ts ( ! p]secution 7 ca/ by him into _! f9al m\ld4 ,! imm5se influ5ce ( ?is "w is atte/$ 9 no way m =cibly ?an by ! monum5ts ( art to :i* "o c po9t4 ,!re is a long l9e ( vase pa9t+s1 dat+ f ! fif? c5tury1 t be> witness to ! wide popul>ity ( ! ,eum5ides1 & t give ! mo/ direct & au?oritative te/imony ( ! influ5ce ( ! play ^u ! masses ( ! p4 ,a %>p di/9ction mu/ be made1 h[ev]1 betwe5 pa9t+s t illu/rate ! g5]al my? & ^? t exhibit unmi/akable ,ais*ylean features4 ,ore/es' pursuit & expiation 7 univ]sally kn[n1 & ! tale 0 s popul> t x (t5 f\nd its way into art :]e ! arti/ _h 9 m9d no poetic v]sion ( ! /ory4 ,s x is t !re is a numb] ( pa9t+s repres5t+ ,ore/es ei!r pursu$ by ! ,furies or already hav+ rea*$ ! omphalos1 :i* d n repres5t any situation or comb9ation ( situations t c be trac$ to ,ais*ylos#abh4 ,( ! numb] ^: subject is ,ore/es at ,delphi1 at lea/ f\r1 x seems to me1 are to be expla9$ z sub/antially "u ! influ5ce ( ! ,eum5ides & repres5t+ ! fir/ sc5e ( ! trag$y 9 m or less modifi$ =m4 ,i discuss fir/ ! sc5e on ! ,/4 ,pet]sburg krat]#abi1 fig4 #e4 ,! pa9t+ belongs to ! late/ p]iod ( c]amic art1 & is 9 ne>ly e detail a ha/y & c>eless piece ( "w4 ,9 an ,ionic temple on f\r columns1 all pa9t$ :ite1 ,ore/es1 fle% d>k r$1 sits en face ) 8 left arm ar\nd ! omphalos :i* is cov]$ ) a :ite net4 ,he holds ! sword 9 ! "r & ! %ea? 9 ! left1 & we>s boots & *lamys4 ,on ! /eps ( ! temple lie five sleep+ ,furies4 ,!y are pa9t$1 fle% black1 only 9 r\gh outl9e4 ,_! dress is a %ort *iton4 ,on ! "r1 ha/5+ f ! temple1 is ! ,py?ia 9 long *iton & veil4 ,%e c>ries ! big key--emblem ( h] (fice z #acj4 ,h] fle% is :ite4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #e4 ,! addition ( ! temple /rikes "o at once z be+ 9 h>mony ) ! poet4 ,to be sure1 ?is ne$ n mean a p>ticul>ly close relation ) ! actual production ( ! play 9 a ,greek !atre4 ,our temple is m]ely "o ( ! num]\s build+s ( ?is class f\nd ^u ! vases ( ,l[] ,italy1 "s ( :i* 7 int5d$ evid5tly z sugge/ions ( ! /age sett+4 ,9 ! pres5t in/ance ! co9cid5ce is a happy "o4 ,! ,agamemnon & ! ,*oephoroi1 :i* _h j be5 produc$1 7 bo? play$ be=e ! palace at ,argos1 & ?is sc5]y 0 *ang$ to repres5t ! ,apollo temple at ,delphi = ! ?ird play4 ,!re c be no "q z to ?is = ! ,ore/eia1 at lea/1 ev5 ?\gh "o does n all[ an ext5sive backgr\nd = ! e>li] plays4 ,! pa9t+ is well adapt$1 !re=e1 = plac+ ! op5+ sc5e vividly be=e u4 ,x br+s "o clos] to ! mean+ ( ! text ?an is app>5t at fir/ sight4 ,9 v4 #ajdh ff4 ( ! ,*oephoroi ,ore/es saw ! ,furies4 ,!y wore bright *itons1 & _h snakes 9 _! hair4 ,he calls !m h\nds f ^: eyes ooz$ ugly drops ( blood4 ,! *orus evid5tly did n see !m1 = ,ore/es cries1 #8,y d n behold !m "h1 b ,i d'4#aca ,at ^! words he is away to ,delphi to seek ,apollo's protection4 ,dur+ ! int]mission :i* foll[$ betwe5 ! two plays ! necess>y alt]ations 7 made 9 ! & ! co/umes 7 *ang$4 ,! *orus 9 p>ticul>1 :i* _h repres5t$ ,argive maid5s1 und]w5t consid]able trans=mation 9 ord] to appe> aga9 z ,furies4 ,! ,eum5ides is op5$ by ! ,py?ia1 :o comes f ! temple4 ,%e rec\nts ! nature ( h] duties1 & m5tions v>i\s gods 9 h] address until v4 #cj1 at :i* po9t %e turns f ! or*e/ra to re-ent] ! temple & att5d to ! deliv]y ( responses4 ,9 a mom5t %e reappe>s 9 great fright1 & beg9s to relate ! cause ( h] al>m4 ,! sight describ$ is exactly t :i* ! pa9t] _h 9 m9d4 ,"o is able1 h[ev]1 to get beh9d ! sc5es ) ! aid ( ! picture1 = ! front ( ! temple is remov$ s t ! int]ior is pla9ly 9 view4 ,to comp>e ! words ( ,ais*ylos & ! pa9t+ m closely--! ,py?ia says t a t]rible sight drove h] #acb4 ,! arti/ has express$ ?is ) "s action1 = %e is actually repres5t$ z leav+ #8! h\se ( ,loxias4' ,%e adds fur!r-- ' ' 1 1 ' 444 ,! picture %[s ! man ^u ! omphalos1 & 9 8 h& ! drawn sword4 ,"o may imag9e t ! suppliant's h&s are /a9$ ) blood1 :5 b a %ort "t be=e he _h fl$ f ! sc5e ( ! murd] 9 ,argos4 ,ev5 great] explicitness *>act]izes ! next words ( ! prie/ess3-- 4 ,surely a #8m>vell\s troop ( wom5' fits ! gr\p :i* we see be=e u4 ,9 ?is p>ticul> ! "w is practically an illu/ration ( ! text4 ,! di/9ction is at once made t ! figures are n wom5 nor ,gorgons nor ,h>pies#acc4 ,!y are & 1 & snore ) unapproa*able bla/s4 ,x %\ld be not$ t ! figures 9 ! pa9t+ are also black1 z ?\gh 9 direct agreem5t ) ,ais*ylos#acd4 ,!y are fur!r w+less1 :ile ! unpleasant details add$ are conceivable f ! appe>ance ( ! ugly creatures4 ,! numb] five is ( c\rse a m]e accid5t4 ,!y lie "h 9 an unconsci\s /up\r till ! gho/ ( ,klytaime/ra ar\ses !m aga94 ,! ,eum5ides is1 z is well kn[n1 ! only extant ,greek trag$y 9 :i* ! *orus is n visible f ! beg9n+ ( _! "p4 ,9 ! ,p]sai & ,supplices ( ,ais*ylos & ! ,bak*ai & ,supplices ( ,euripides ! *orus is1 h[ev]1 9 ! or*e/ra :5 ! play op5s4 ,!re are /ill two o!r vase pa9t+s to be consid]$ 9 ?is connexion4 ,!y pres5t m9or v>iations f ! "o j discuss$1 b on ! :ole ! ?ree betray a common s\rce4 ,9 fig4 #face "o sees also ! int]ior ( ! temple repres5t$ by ?ree ,ionic columns4 ,v>i\s d$icatory articles hang f ! wall & ceil+4 ,fur!r indications ( ! sanctu>y are ! two tripods1 ! laurel tree1 & ! omphalos4 ,ore/es1 *>act]iz$ z usual by ! drawn sword & fly+ *lamys1 has fl$ to ! latt] & embraces x4 ,8 erect hair %[s 8 fright4 ,apollo ) b[ & arr[s ha/5s beh9d him & ge/ures ) 8 "r h& to drive back a ,fury :o is swoop+ d[n ^u ,ore/es4 ,%e is b half 9 sight1 & we>s a %ort ,doric peplos1 & h] fle% is black4 ,! ,py?ia1 ) di%evell$ gray hair & fright5$ mi51 quits ! sanctu>y on ! left4 ,h] key1 indi/9ctly drawn 9 ,jahn's publication1 ow+ probably to ! copyi/'s ignorance ( :at ! article really 01 has j fall5 f h] h&s4 ,artemis 9 h] huntress-co/ume1 c>ry+ two spe>s1 /&s on tiptoe on ! "r ( ! omphalos & %ades h] eyes ) h] "r h& z %e pe]s at ! di/urbance4 ,two dogs are ) h]4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #f ,! "t ( ! ,py?ia's exit f ! temple1 z 9 fig4 #e1 & ! lat] mom5t :5 ,apollo ord]s ! ,er9yes f ! sanctu>y1 are well comb9$ 9 ?is pa9t+3-- 1 1 '1 1 1 1 ' ' ' 4 vs4 #agi ff4 ,apollo's au?oritative be>+ & absolute p[] 9 8 own prec9ct are v well br\ght out by ! arti/4 ,"o c all b he> ! 1 ( ,ais*ylos1 & ! arr[s t ! god holds 9 8 left h& seem to %[ t ,apollo is q ready to c>ry out 8 ?reat4 ,! :ole is1 moreov]1 dramatically told1 & 9 ?is respect ! /age influ5ce is easily traceable 9 ! pa9t+4 ,t ! ,fury is black accords aga9 ) ! poet's 7v4 #eb74 ,! pres5ce ( ,artemis l5ds a c]ta9 *>m t "o c attribute to ! arti/'s desire to appe> orig9al#acf4 ,! foll[+ "w falls /ill fur!r away f ! sc5]y ( ! play4 ,fig4 #g %[s a pa9t+ on ! neck ( a l>ge ,apulian amphora 9 ,b]l9#acg4 ,! limit$ space1 & ! second>y position likewise1 h p]haps curtail$ ! scope ( ! "w4 ,no ar*itectural details are giv54 ,! sanctu>y is d5ot$ by ! omphalos & ! tripod4 ,ore/es has s\ght protection at ! =m]1 z 9 ! prec$+ sc5es1 & looks back at a ,fury1 ) %ort dress & huge w+s1 :o runs t[>d him ) a dagg] 9 h] "r & a burn+ tor* 9 ! left h&4 ,apollo1 :o sits ^u ! tripod1 a laurel b\gh 9 8 h& & wrea? 9 8 hair1 ext5ds 8 "r h& to repel ! ,fury z 9 fig4 #f4 ,on ! "r ! ,py?ia1 dress$ z 9 fig4 #e1 leaves ! %r9e 9 fright1 ge/ur+ at ! unexpect$ visitors4 ,! pa9t] has =gott5 to give h] ! key4 ,beside h] is an att5dant c>ry+ a sort ( kylix 9 ! left h& & look+ back at ! sanctu>y4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #g4 ,x does n appe> necess>y to take up ! details "h aft] ! exam9ation :i* has be5 giv5 to ! prec$+ pa9t+s4 ,! arti/'s debt to ,ais*ylos 0 q z direct z 9 ! case ( ! two o!r works4 ,! greate/ modification occurs 9 ! figure ( ! ,fury1 :i* is a be+ f> remov$ f ! ,ais*ylean type4 ,a pa9t+ on a bell-%ap$ krat] 9 ! ,l\vre is less hamp]$ by ! sc5e giv5 9 ,ais*ylos1 & is accord+ly m arti/ic#ach4 ,! inv5tiv5ess & individuality ( ! arti/ come prom95tly to view1 & ! result is an int5sely int]e/+ composition4 ,! comb9ation ( ev5ts & ! mann] 9 :i* all is told br+ "o a great deal ne>] to ! deep] mean+ ( ,eum5ides ?an any o!r monum5t ) :i* ,i am acqua9t$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #h4 ,! %r9e ( ,apollo1 ! ( vs4 #ci & #agj1 is d5ot$ by a plat=m on two /eps1 above :i* are ! laurel tree & ! omphalos4 ,! god /&s to ! left 9 l>ge1 embroid]$ *iton or *lamys1 grasp+ ! tree ) 8 left h& & ext5d+ 8 "r1 9 :i* is a "y pig1 ov] ! head ( ,ore/es1 :o sits ) 8 back to ! omphalos4 ,! latt] holds 8 sword 9 8 "r h&1 :i* is rais$ m$itatively to 8 *94 ,artemis /&s beh9d ! plat=m on ! "r1 *>act]iz$ by h] co/ume & ! spe>s4 ,9 ! left-h& upp] corn] ! %ade ( ,klytaime/ra1 veil$1 is engag$ 9 ar\s+ two ,furies :o sit fa/ asleep4 ,%e po9ts t[>d ,apollo ) h] "r h&4 ,bel[ is ! half-figure ( ano!r ,fury app>5tly ris+ out ( ! gr\nd wide-awake4 ,! ,er9yes are all dress$ l ,artemis1 9 %ort co/ume & high boots4 ,! arti/ has comb9$ ) ! fir/ sc5e a mom5t e>li] ?an ! action ( ! play4 ,ore/es' expiation prec$$ ! prologue ( ! ,py?ia4 ,! purificatory rite _h be5 p]=m$ imm$iately on 8 arrival at ,delphi1 =1 :5 he fir/ appe>s 9 ! ,eum5ides1 he is undefil$4 ,?is is pla9ly decl>$ to ,a!na 9 vs4 #bcg ff41 & to ! ,*orus & ,a!na 9 vs4 #bhj ff4 ,:ile ! purification is repres5t$ 9 v>i\s ways ^u ! o!r vase pa9t+s#aci1 ?is c]emony is ! only "o t rem9ds u ( ,ais*ylos4 ,! latt] h9ts at ! mann] ( ! rite1 & ?is passage has unque/ionably sugge/$ ! gr\p :i* we h be=e u3-- 4 vs4 #bhb f4 #8,:ile ! blood 0 fre% x 0 cleans$ at ! %r9e ( ! god ,phoibos by purification ) ! blood ( pigs4' ,! c]emony is ref]r$ to aga9 9 4 v4 #dej4 ,!re is1 !re=e1 9 ! pa9t+ a repres5tation ( ?is s]vice ) pig's blood4 ,! fre%ness & beauty ( ! sc5e are peculi> to works ( art 9 ! ,pheidian age1 & ! pa9t+ mu/ be consid]$ z a valuable witness ( ,ais*ylos' influ5ce4 ,! fact t ! "w is ,apulian & n ,attic supplies an int]e/+ bit ( evid5ce = ! ext5sion ( ,a!nian lit]ature 9 ,l[] ,italy dur+ ! fif? c5tury ,b4,c4 ,t>5tum1 :i* 0 sc>cely less ,a!nian ?an ,a!ns1 receiv$ an edition ( ! plays br\ght out at ! ,great] ,dionysia soon aft] _! appe>ance 9 ,a!ns4 ,x is fur!r to be rememb]$ t ,ais*ylos' long connexion ) ,syracuse _h probably made him m widely kn[n 9 ! ,we/ ?an 0 ei!r ,sophokles or ,euripides dur+ ! fif? c5tury4 ,our vase belongs to ! la/ decades ( ! c5tury1 p]haps z e>ly z #dbj ,b4,c41 & 9 ?is p]iod ,euripides _h sc>cely ga9$ a l>ge foll[+ 9 ,magna ,graecia4 ,apollo's spee* foll[s directly ^u t ( ! ,py?ia's4 ,h[ ! god appe>$ 9 ! or*e/ra is a "q on :i* s*ol>s are n agre$4 ,! mo/ widely accept$ view is t ! ekkyklema 0 br\ght into use1 & t on x ! :ole company 0 9 "s mann] roll$ or pu%$ out f ! temple to ! or*e/ra4 ,?is means t ! *orus ( twelve or fifte51 toge!r ) ,ore/es1 ,apollo1 & ,h]mes1 0 mov$ bodily =w>d f ! 1 f> en\gh at lea/ to give ! audi5ce a glimpse ( :at _h be5 ! int]ior ( ! temple ) all its surr\nd+s4 ,apollo seems to speak ( ! ,furies & ,ore/es z ?\gh he himself saw !m & z ?\gh ! audi5ce c\ld see !m#adj4 ,!y are 9 fact 9 pla9 view if "o insi/s ^u ! lit]al mean+ ( 8 words4 ,x is argu$ on ! o!r h& t su* a pond]\s weight c\ld n h be5 mov$ by any ma*9]y at ,ais*ylos' comm&4 ,9 o!r words1 ! ekkyklema1 9 ! int]pretation usually giv5 ! t]m1 is n to be c\nt$ ap>t ( ! ,ais*ylean sc5ic app>atus#ada4 ,if ,apollo /ood 9 ! doorway ( ! temple :]e he c\ld look 9 ^u ! ,furies & ,ore/es1 & at ! same "t be se5 by ! audi5ce1 "o has really no ne$ ( any ma*9]y4 ,! %ade ( ,klytaime/ra mu/ also be ?\ght ( z appe>+ 9 ! same place4 ,%e glances 9 ^u ! ,furies :o cont9ue to give =? _! grunts till v4 #adj1 :5 !y = ! fir/ "t appe> 9 ! or*e/ra4 ,!re is mu* 9 fav\r ( ?is explanation ( ! arrangem5ts = ! sc5e4 ,=tunately = our purpose x makes little diff]5ce :i* ( ! two op9ions "o foll[s4 ,conclusive evid5ce is h>dly to be rea*$ ei!r "o way or ! o!r1 yet ! notion t ,ais*ylos did n employ su* ext5sive ma*9]y z ! ekkyklema mu/ h be5 c]ta9ly does n h>monize ei!r ) ! extant plays or ) ! tradition 9 reg>d to ,ais*ylos' inv5tions4 ,my conviction is t f v4 #fd ! int]ior ( ! temple 0 9 "s way visible1 & t ! :ole audi5ce c\ld see ,ore/es at ! omphalos1 surr\nd$ by ! slumb]+ ,furies4 ,! god reassures ! suppliant ( 8 support1 & bids him leave = ,a!ns & embrace ! sacr$ image ( ,a!na4 ,he turns to ,h]mes1 :o is at h& = ! occasion1 & bids him accompany ,ore/es4 ,at ?is po9t1 v4 #ic1 ! two quit ! or*e/ra1 ,ore/es pass+ ov] ! bodies ( ! ,furies#adb4 ,our pa9t+ foll[s ! developm5t 9 vs4 #id-adj1 :]e ! %ade ( ,klytaime/ra appe>s & *ides ! ,er9yes = neglect+ _! duty & =gett+ h] & h] rights4 ,! arti/ has grasp$ ! _s ( ! poet1 & has giv5 a graphic acc\nt ( ! sc5e su* z "o is n likely to =get4 ,! dread figure ( ! veil$ gho/1 :o glances se>*+ly at ! sleep+ in/rum5ts ( h] v5geance & endeav\rs to r\se !m into consci\sness1 is a creation b little inf]ior to t 9 ,ais*ylos#adc4 ,h] position on ! extreme limits ( ! sanctu>y s]ves to express ! uncleanl9ess ( ! _s & ! incongruity ( its appe>+ )9 ! sacr$ gr\nd4 ,! ge/ure t[>ds ! ma9 gr\p connects ! two sc5es & l5ds a unity to ! :ole4 ,?is is real art & no illu/ration4 ,"o mu/ rememb] t ,ore/es is at ?is "t on 8 way to ,a!ns1 & t ! %ade did n appe> 9 8 pres5ce4 ,! v fact t ! pa9t] *ose to unite ! two mom5ts adds greatly to ! g5]al effect4 ,! trag$y is play$ 9 "p be=e u4 ,! numb] ( ,furies repres5t+ ! *orus is ! same t "o meets fir/ 9 ,euripides#add1 & t is p>ticul>ly emphasiz$ also by ,ais*ylos 9 '1 '1 4 v4 #adj4 ,_! dress is t ( ! lat] type ( ,er9yes--! huntress-co/ume ( ,artemis4 ,?is facilitat$ _! motion4 ,p]haps ! half-figure ( ! awak5$ ,fury may be ris+ f ! e>? to cont9ue ! pursuit1 b x seems to me m probable t ! half-figure is su* f *oice4 ,aft] ! appe>ance ( ! ,er9yes 9 ! ,*oephoroi !y are c]ta9ly above gr\nd till conduct$ to _! new home "u ! ,areopagos4 ,:ile ! /ory ( ,agamemnon's murd] & ! succe$+ t]rible rev5ge wr\ght by ,ore/es1 z well z ! latt]'s atonem5t at ,delphi1 7 all a "p ( ! leg5d>y inh]itance f a v e>ly p]iod & _h play$ = "s c5turies1 at lea/1 be=e ,ais*ylos an important rle 9 ! epic#ade & lyric#adf lit]ature1 x rema9$ = ! great trag$ian to break new gr\nd = ! la/ *apt] ( ! ,ore/eia4 ,ore/es' acquittal & deliv]ance 71 prior to ,ais*ylos1 di/9ctly ,delphic 9 sett+2 9 8 h&s all became decid$ly ,a!nian4 ,apollo _h once be5 ! sole div9ity to absolve ! murd]]2 ,a!na became ! new arbit] & director ( ! case4 ,! temple at ,delphi gave way to ! #8,old ,temple' ( ,a!na ^u ! ,acropolis4 ,keep+ ^! facts 9 m9d1 "o has to look ab\t = vase pa9t+s :i* %[ traces ( ?is ,attic turn4 ,s f>1 only ! e>ly sc5e at ,delphi has claim$ our att5tion1 & "h x has be5 possible to po9t out sev]al compositions t dem& ! ,eum5ides to ! exclusion ( popul> tradition4 ,f v4 #bce ! sc5e is transf]r$ f ,delphi to ,a!ns1 & rema9s ?r\gh\t ! re/ ( ! play ! #8,old ,temple' on ! ,acropolis#adg4 ,a!na becomes ! c5tre4 ,ev]y?+ moves ab\t h]4 ,! "o impressive figure 9 ?is "p ( ! trag$y is ! goddess4 ,ore/es is simply a poor helpless mortal--! app>5t subject ( ! action4 ,he & ! ,er9yes s9k into insignificance :5 comp>$ ) ! maje/ic figure ( ,a!na4 ,sub/antial traces ( ! influ5ce ( ,ais*ylos' inv5tion h rea*$ u on ! vases4 ,a small numb] ( pa9t+s claim ! "r to be consid]$ "u ?is head4 ,! composition ( all 7,i "k ?ree su*7 is s simil> t x seem$ necess>y to reproduce only "o4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #i 7vid4 p4 #gj ff47 ,! pa9t+ %[n 9 fig4 #iadh repres5ts ! sanctu>y at ,delphi ) ! tripod & ! omphalos2 kneel+ ^u ! latt] is ,ore/es1 9 ! same co/ume z t notic$ 9 ! prec$+ monum5ts1 hold+ two spe>s 9 addition to ! 4 ,he glances up to ! "r1 :]e ,a!na looks d[n ^u him4 ,h] "r foot re/s on a sort ( pl9?2 %e c>ries a d\ble-po9t$ spe> 9 h] left h& & we>s a ,cor9?ian helm ) peculi> cre/#adi4 ,h] dress is an embroid]$ ,ionic *iton & l>ge aigis4 ,! latt] is n uncommon on ! f\r?-c5tury vases1 & is *>act]i/ic ( ! exagg]ation ( types 9 ?is p]iod4 ,apollo /&s on ! left ( ! omphalos1 ) a laurel bran* on :i* are hung fillets & #aej4 ,he looks to ! left at a w+$ ,fury ) a v elaborate co/ume1 a huge s]p5t ab\t h] body & "o 9 h] hair2 above ! tripod is ! bu/ ( ano!r ,fury on :om are f\r snakes4 ,9 ! left-h& upp] corn] a bu/ ( a y\? ) *lamys1 pilos1 & a spe> is mo/ likely meant = ,pylades4 ,correspond+ to ?is on ! o!r side are ! head & %\ld]s ( a woman1 int]pret$ z ,klytaime/ra4 ,! two o!r vase pa9t+s are1 9 ! ma91 close c\nt]p>ts ( ?is & ne$ n be describ$ "h4 ,! ,vatican amphora#aea is p>ticul>ly int]e/+ z repres5t+ ,a!na ) aigis ext5d$ ov] ,ore/es to protect him f ! ,furies4 ,! ,capua hydria 9 ,b]l9#aeb takes prec$5ce ov] ! o!r two 9 age1 & furni%es u ) ! ne>e/ approa* to ,ais*ylos' "t4 ,x falls )9 ! fif? c5tury1 :ile ! o!rs are to be plac$ 9 ! la/ half ( ! f\r? c5tury4 ,! introduction ( ,a!na is ! unmi/akable sign4 ,%e int]v5es at ,delphi simply because ,ais*ylos introduc$ h] 9 ,a!ns4 ,! arti/ transf]r$ h] to ,delphi & comb9$ ! two sc5es ( ! trag$y4 ,if "o consid]s only ,ore/es & ,a!na 9 fig4 #i1 & reads ! int]view betwe5 !m 9 ! ,eum5ides1 he w appreciate at once h[ well ! pa9t] has manag$ 8 task4 ,! :ole make-up ( ! figures is t ( /age *>act]s4 ,?is is especially noticeable 9 ! dresses ( ! ,fury & ,a!na4 ,?is elegance & f9]y on vases ( ! f\r? c5tury 7 widely regulat$ by dramatic p]=mances4 ,! set ( pa9t+s :i* ?us associates ,a!na ) ,ore/es' deliv]y may be c\nt$ z ! direct product ( ! ,eum5ides1 & !re=e important witnesses = ! influ5ce ( ,ais*ylos ^u ! succe$+ c5tury ( ,greek art4 #d4 ,,! ,,lo/ ,,plays4 ,"o might c>ry on a long & fruitless discussion conc]n+ c]ta9 ( ! lo/ plays1 & pa9t+s t pres5t subjects common to !m4 ,x mu/ be all b #8fruitless1' s9ce we "k next to no?+ ab\t ! "* ( "s ( ^! trag$ies1 z1 = example1 ! ,p5!us4 ,b ?is :ole "q lies outside ! prov9ce ( ! pres5t "w1 & ,i %all n g fur!r ?an to app5d a li/ ( ! vase pa9t+s t d 9 all probability owe mu* to ,ais*ylos4 ,,lykurgeia4 #a4 ,apulian amphora1 ,muni*1 no4 #hec4 ,pub4 ,mill91 ,tombeaux de ,canose1 pl4 #ac4 #b4 ,apulian krat]1 ,naples1 no4 #bhgd4 ,pub4 ,mll]-,wiesel]1 ,d5kml] d] ,alt5 ,kun/1 ii4 pl4 #cg1 #ddj4 ,cf4 ,welck]'s ,aes*yleis*e ,trilogie1 p4 #cbg4 #c4 ,amphora f ,ruvo1 ,naples1 no4 #cbai 7p4 #ejj ( ,heydemann74 ,pub4 ,mon4 d4 ,in/4 iv4 #af1 ,b4 #d4 ,krat] f ,anzi 9 ! ,basilicata1 no4 #cbcg 9 ,naples4 ,pub4 ,re9a*-,mill+51 ,pe9tures1 pl4 #a ,mll]-,wiesel]1 op4 cit4 ii4 pl4 #ch1 #ddb ,baumei/]1 ,d5kml]1 ii4 p4 #hcd4 #e4 ,krat] 9 ,ruvo-,jatta coll4 ,pub4 ,catalogo ,jatta1 pl4 #b4 #e ,annali d4 ,in/4 #ahgd1 pl4 ,r42 cf4 ibid4 p4 #aid ff4 #f4 ,krat]1 also f ,ruvo1 9 ,brit4 ,mus42 cat4 iv4 ,f #bga4 ,pub4 ,mon4 d4 ,in/4 v4 pl4 #bc4 ,cf4 ,brunn 9 ,annali d4 ,in/4 #ahej1 p4 #ccf ff4 #g4 ,fragm5t ( an ,apulian amphora 9 ,dresd5 museum4 ,pub4 ,ar*4 ,anz4 #ahia1 p4 #bd2 cf4 p4 #bc f4 #h4 ,m>ble relief-vases4 ,pub4 ,welck]1 ,alte ,d5kml]1 ii4 pl4 #c4 #h2 cf4 ibid41 p4 #id ff42 ,mon4 d4 ,in/4 ix4 #de4 ,cf4 fur!r = a discussion ( mo/ ( ^! monum5ts1 ,mi*aelis1 ,annali d4 ,in/4 #ahgb1 p4 #bdh ff4 ,,phrygians4 #a4 ,t>5t9e amphora4 ,pub4 ,mon4 d4 ,in/4 v4 pl4 #aa2 cf4 ,annali d4 ,in/4 #ahff1 p4 #bdi ff41 & ,ar*4 ,ztg4 #ahgi1 p4 #af1 & ,g4 ,haupt4 ,comm5tationes ar*aeologicae 9 ,aes*ylum1 ,diss]tationes ,hall5ses1 xiii4 #ahie1 p4 #ac ff4 ,vid4 also ?is "w = ! :ole subject ( ,ais*ylos & ! monum5ts4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,sophokles ,,& ,,8 ,,relation ,,to ,,vase ,,pa9t+ ,sophokles appe>s to h enjoy$ toge!r ) ,euripides a l>ge %>e ( popul>ity 9 ! f\r? & ?ird c5turies1 & x is well kn[n t ) ! ,roman trag$ians he 0 a v important factor4 ,x mu/ be held z pass+ /range t we c po9t to b few monum5ts inspir$ by him4 ,"o feels t !re is abundant mat]ial 9 ! ,antigone1 = example1 to h ar\s$ bo? pa9t]s & sculptors1 & yet !re is1 s f> z ,i "k1 no trace 9 ,greek art ( any ,antigone sc5e t owes its exi/5ce to ,sophokles4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 true t trag$ies :i* 7 kn[n 9 anci5t times z among ! mo/ celebrat$1 & :i* are to-day c\nt$ ! ma/]pieces ( ,greek trag$y1 7 (t5 p>ticul>ly neglect$ by ! arti/s4 ,h[ meagre is ! record ( monum5ts bas$ on ! ,prome!us1 ! ,ion1 or ! ,o$ipus ,rex6 ,! reputation ( a play _c be tak5 z any gu>anty1 !re=e1 t ! arti/ f\nd 9 x ! requir$ motives4 ,! g5tle & calm ,sophokles1 :o #8made m5 z !y ought to be & n z !y are1' wrote 9 a gr& & dignifi$ mann] t *>m$ ! p ( 8 own "t & won ! praise & admiration ( all po/]ity4 ,h[ !n is "o to acc\nt = ! small "p t he play$ 9 anci5t art8 ,x seems to me t x re/s on ! fact t ,sophokles 0 n a creative p[]4 ,say :at we may ( ! elegance & grace ( 8 /yle & ! p]fection ( 8 diction1 a glance at 8 extant "w conv9ces u t he seldom all[$ 8 imag9ation to c>ry him beyond ! b\nds ( ! accept$ =m ( a my?4 ,he pres]v$ ! my?ological fabric ) religi\s f]v\r & alt]$ little4 ,he 0 nei!r an iconocla/ nor an innovator4 ,! gods & h]oes 9 _! old-"t relations to ea* o!r & to humanity s]v$ him fully1 & he %[$ an unwill+ness ei!r to %att] ! popul> fai? or to di/urb x ) new doctr9es4 ,s long1 !re=e1 z no?+ new my?ologically 0 introduc$1 ! value ( ! ,sophoklean plays1 f an arti/'s po9t ( view1 0 f> bel[ ! fre% & da%+ mann] ( ,euripides1 :o left ! old & beat5 pa?s & add$ new *apt]s to ! lives ( ! h]oes & ! exploits ( ! gods4 ,x has already be5 obs]v$ t :]e ,ais*ylos broke new gr\nd he 0 foll[$ by ! pa9t] & sculptor4 ,! novelty ( ! ,eum5ides appeal$ to ! arti/ ev5 m /rongly ?an to ! public2 "h 0 some?+ absolutely new1 unhe>d ( be=e4 ,s x 0 ) ! ,*oephoroi1 & we h already se5 t ( ! extant plays ^! two are ! only ones t influ5c$ vase pa9t+4 ,_h ,sophokles graft$ new bran*es on ! old trees ( my?s he w\ld likewise h _h a f> l>g] foll[+ among anci5t arti/s4 ,z x is1 x does n seem possible to po9t to a s+le vase pa9t+ t is indisputably a ,sophoklean product1 & "o mu/ be p]plex$ by ! /range problem4 ,to be sure conjectures h n be5 want+1 & "h & !re a pa9t+ has be5 nam$ 9 connexion ) ,sophokles4 ,b ?is is by no means a frequ5t occurr5ce1 & !re has nev] be5 any cons5sus ( op9ion among ar*aeologi/s t ?is or t picture mu/ be ! outgr[? ( "o ( 8 extant trag$ies4 ,i h accord+ly n publi%$ any pa9t+ "u ?is head4 ,x seem$ be/ m]ely to po9t out ! few in/ances :]e ,sophoklean influ5ces h be5 se5 by "s1 & leave ! /ud5t free to det]m9e ea* case = himself#aec4 ,antigone4 ,a ,lucanian amphora 9 ! ,brit4 ,mus41 cat4 iv4 ,f #age4 ,a4 #b4 ,pub4 ,re9a*-,mill+51 ,pe9tures1 pl4 #ed2 cf4 ,hirzel 9 ,ar*4 ,ztg4 #ahfc1 p4 #gj1 :o bases ! sc5e on vs4 #cgf ff4 ,x may be rem>k$ t ! ori5tal cap ( ! k+ does n at all fit ! position ( ! ,!ban ,kreon4 ,o$4 ,rex4 ,pa9t+ pub4 ,+hirami1 ,vasi fitt4 iii4 pl4 #bdh ,ov]beck1 ,bildw]ke1 pl4 #b4 #aa2 cf4 ibid4 p4 #fb ff41 :]e vs4 #caf ff4 are ?\ght (4 ,a mu* m satisfactory int]pretation is t k9dly s5t me by ,pr(essor ,c>l ,rob]t4 ,! sc5e repres5ts ,*ryses be=e ,agamemnon & is bas$ on ,il4 #a4 ,tra*9iai4 ,h]akles wre/les ) ! riv] god ,a*elos 9 ! pres5ce ( ,deianeira4 ,re9a*-,mill+51 op4 cit4 pl4 #aj4 ,b4 #aa4 ,rob]t 9 ,ar*4 ,ztg4 #ahhc1 p4 #bfb1 ref]s ! pa9t+ to vs4 #i-bd ( ! prologue1 & calls my att5tion 9 a lett] to ano!r simil> pa9t+1 unpubli%$1 9 ! ,jatta-,ruvo coll4 no4 #ajib4 ,two ( ! lo/ plays t h be5 held by "s to be repres5t$ on vase pa9t+s h already be5 ref]r$ to above#aed4 ,,*apt] ,v ,,euripides ,,& ,,vase ,,pa9t+ #a4 ,,introduction4 ,x has already be5 made cle> t ,euripides enjoy$ an enorm\s popul>ity among ,greek & ,italian arti/s1 & t he 0 ! *ief inspiration = works ( art bas$ on trag$y4 ,?is latt] feature assumes a new int]e/ :5 /udi$ ) ! ,greek vases4 ,! great majority ( ^! pa9t+s1 z has be5 po9t$ out1 is to be plac$ )9 ! f\r? c5t4 ,b4,c41 & ?r\gh !m "o approa*es v ne> to ! poet's own "t4 ,!y are to be valu$1 !re=e1 z mo/ direct & reliable te/imony conc]n+ ,greek trag$y & ! place x occupi$ 9 ! life ( ,l[] ,italy4 ,n a few ( ! pa9t+s publi%$ 9 ! foll[+ pages may h be5 se5 by p :o _h kn[n ! ,a!nian society 9 :i* ,euripides himself _h mov$4 ,?is proximity ( ! vases to ! poet's own day is an important po9t1 & %\ld be ?or\ghly compreh5d$ 9 ord] to br+ ! true value ( ! pa9t+s be=e "o4 ,! text ( a classical ,greek au?or1 expos$ to ! em5datory zeal ( ! anci5t gramm>ians & ! ignorance & c>elessness ( scribes1 _h a prec>i\s sort ( exi/5ce be=e x 0 microscopically dissect$ & viol5tly revis$ by mod]n philologi/s4 ,our olde/ manuscript h>dly goes back m ?an "o-?ird ( ! way to ! orig9al4 ,betwe5 #ajjj ,a4,d4 & #cdj ,b4,c41 :5 ! ar*etype ( ! ?ree trag$ians 0 ord]$ by ,lykurgos1 h[ long 0 ! l9e ( copies6 ,x is va/ly diff]5t ) ! edition ( ! ,m$eia1 = example1 on ! amphora1 p4 #ade4 ,! vase relates ! trag$y at fir/ h&1 & furni%es ! /ud5t ) an exhibition ( ! play t is m ?an tw5ty-two hundr$ ye>s old4 ,! orig9al "w & no copy c>ries "o into ! c5tury succe$+ ! fir/ production ( ! play4 ,su* facts impress "o ) ! importance ( ?is class ( monum5ts4 ,be=e tak+ up ! discussion ( ! vase pa9t+s t are "u ! influ5ce ( ,euripides1 x may be well to exam9e = a mom5t ! anci5t te/imony t\*+ ! poet4 ,x is well kn[n t he did n foll[ ! or?odox =m ( tragic composition e/abli%$ by ,ais*ylos & adh]$ to by ,sophokles4 ,he 0 less religi\s ?an ei!r ( ! o!r two &1 9 ! same degree1 m a man ( ! _w4 ,he 0 int]e/$ 9 politics1 rhetoric1 & philosophy1 & ^! elem5ts accord+ly f\nd room 9 8 plays4 ,= introduc+ ! common1 ord9>y affairs ( daily life he 0 /\tly condemn$ by ,ari/ophanes4 ,8 policy cont9u$ ! same 9 spite ( ! virul5t attacks ( 8 enemies1 & ! individual appeal$ to him m /rongly ?an ! body politic2 :]e ! =m] poets _h prea*$ & direct$ _! messages to ! _w ' 1 ,euripides disclos$ = ! fir/ "t ! p[] ( 1 & t ( itself 0 specific & appli$ to ! community ' 4 ,h]e9 lay ,ari/otle's unfav\rable criticism4 ,! philosoph] admir$ ,hom]1 ,ais*ylos1 & ,sophokles m ?an ,euripides simply because he consid]$ to be a m pot5t factor ?an 1 & s he compla9s t none ( ! y\ng] poets h ! =m]#aee4 ,by he evid5tly meant po/-,euripidean writ]s1 & yet !re is no trace ( ! ,ari/otelian conception ( 9 ,euripides4 ,we may imag9e t ! great ?9k] look$ = some?+ m /able ?an 4 ,b ?is 0 all cold1 calculat+ criticism1 & ,ari/otle appe>s1 = ! mo/ "p1 alone 9 plac+ ,euripides bel[ ,ais*ylos & ,sophokles4 ,! ,alex&rian gramm>ians 7 8 *ief foll[]s4 ,plato f\nd 9 ,euripides an au?ority ( great pre-em95ce#aef4 ,! imm$iate success t he enjoy$ 9 8 own "t is well illu/rat$ by ! anecdote relat$ 9 ,plut>*'s ,life ( ,nikias#aeg4 ,! fugitives f ! ,a!nian army 9 ! ,sicilian exp$ition are said to h ma9ta9$ !mselves by recit+ f ,euripides' works1 & captives 7 able to ga9 _! fre$om by tea*+ _! ma/]s new selections f ! ,euripidean plays4 ,! elem5t ( tru? 9 ?is rem>kable /ory enables "o to und]/& some?+ ( ! place held by ?is poet 9 ! ,we/4 ,x is relat$ ( ,alex&] t he 0 p>ticul>ly fond ( ,euripides1 & t he p]=m$ ! feat ( recit+ a :ole sc5e f ! ,&rom$a at 8 fatal banquet#aeh4 ,a c]ta9 ,axionikos wrote a com$y call$ ! #8,lov] ( ,euripides1' 9 :i* he repres5t$ ! p z suff]+ f ! ,euripides-fad to su* an ext5t t !y c\nt$ all o!r poetry wor?less#aei4 ,a fitt+ f9ale to all ?is is rea*$ 9 ! /ory told 9 ! vita ( ,euripides to ! effect t ,philemon w\ld h be5 will+ to hang himself if !reby he might h se5 ,euripides4 ,t he 0 always 9 m5's m\?s is atte/$ by ! l>ge numb] ( fragm5ts f ! lo/ plays4 ,x is in/ructive to see t he 0 quot$ 9 ! ,hell5i/ic p]iod to ! exclusion ( ,ais*ylos & ,sophokles4 ,wisdom & /ate-craft 7 f\nd 9 ,hom]1 ,hesiod1 ,p9d>1 & ,euripides#afj4 ,"o is n surpris$1 !re=e1 to le>n t 8 trag$ies 7 ! only ones produc$ at c]ta9 ,dionysia#afa4 ,?is 0 ! p]iod 9 :i* mo/ ( ! vase pa9t+s 9 ! foll[+ pages belong1 & x is only ^! num]\s traditions ( ! unp>allel$ popul>ity ( ?is poet1 ea/ & we/1 nor? & s\?1 t makes x possible to appreciate 8 wide-spread influ5ce ov] art4 ,! vases h to be /udi$ 9 ?is light1 & only !n does _! importance z a ,euripidean comm5t>y become suffici5tly cle>4 ,a glance at ! conditions 9 ,magna ,graecia is necess>y be=e leav+ ?is topic4 ,! !atre-go+ prop5sities ( ! ,t>5t9es has be5 m5tion$ above1 & "o has n[ to ask himself :o _! fav\rite poet 04 ,!re c be b "o answ]4 ,"h1 z 9 ,africa1 ,asia ,m9or1 & ,sicily1 ! public 0 sure to f9d ! greate/ satisfaction 9 a ,euripidean rp]toire4 ,! travell+ troops ( actors p]=m$ 9 all ! t[ns ( ,apulia1 ,campania1 & ,lucania1 & ! tragic =ms ( ! my?s 7 widely publi%$4 ,euripides 01 9 %ort1 m ?an ev] ! p's poet1 & he became lat]1 ) ! rise ( ,lat9 trag$y1 ! poet ( ! ,republic4 ,roman trag$y 0 ,greek 9 ev]y?+ b ! language4 ,! #aff ye>s betwe5 ! dea? ( ,euripides & ! production ( ,livius ,&ronicus' fir/ play 9 ,rome 7 a se$-"t = ! works ( ! ,greek poet4 ,! titles ( ,livius' t5 trag$ies include two f ,euripides--! ,&rom$a & ! ,dana--& ! fa!r ( ,lat9 poetry 0 a native ( ,t>5tum4 ,ennius1 born 9 ,rudiae1 :i* ,/rabo calls a #afb1 0 educat$ at ,t>5tum1 & became ! fir/ national poet ( ! ,romans4 ,among 8 tw5ty-two plays ! foll[+ are ei!r translations ( ,euripides or adaptations f him3 ,alex&rus1 ,&roma*a1 ,&rom$a1 ,ere*!us1 ,m$ea1 ,m$ea exul1 ,melanippa1 ,pho5ix1 ,telephus1 & p]haps ,alcum5a4 ,pacuvius1 a nephew ( ,ennius1 & ! ?ird "o ( ! ,lat9 trag$ians1 also foll[$ ,euripides m ?an ,ais*ylos or ,sophokles4 ,he 0 born 9 ,brundusium #bfh ,b4,c4 & di$ 9 ,t>5tum #adj ,b4,c4 ,^! ?ree poets :o come fir/ 9 ! hi/ory ( ,lat9 lit]ature are peculi>ly indebt$ to ,euripides & likewise h a special relation to ,magna ,graecia & ,t>5tum4 ,m ?an half ( ! :ole numb] ( works produc$ by !m w\ld appe> to h be5 ,euripidean4 ,:e!r x 0 ! rhetorical or pa!tic elem5t t appeal$ to ! ,romans m /rongly1 ! fact t ,euripides 0 ! prim>y =ce 9 ,lat9 trag$y is v important4 ,9 ?is attempt to indicate ! wid] influ5ce ( ! ,attic drama ^u ! ,lat9s ,i h be5 c>ri$ beyond ! "t ( ! vase indu/ry1 b ! ,lat9 lit]ature ( ! ?ird & second c5tury ,b4,c4 0 ! legitimate product ( ! conditions t _h prevail$ 9 ! prec$+ p]iod4 ,! ,greek lit]>y & arti/ic g5ius blossom$ into an ,italian fl[] & fl\ri%$ 9 ! soil t _h be5 f]tiliz$ by c5turies ( ,hell5ic influ5ces4 ,x is to a small section ( ?is wond]ful life 9 ,magna ,graecia t ! pres5t "w is devot$4 ,! vase pa9t+s t foll[ c be/ tell _! own /ory ( ! wide-spread ,hell5ization ( ,l[] ,italy 9 ! f\r? c5tury & ( ! place held by ,euripides 9 ! onw>d m>* ( ,hell5ism4 #b4 ,,&roma*e4 ,x does n appe> t 9 ! pre-,euripidean lit]ature ,ore/es play$ any "p 9 ! dea? ( ,neoptolemos4 ,p9d> at lea/ did n "k any?+ ( ! ,m5elaos-,ore/es conspiracy aga9/ ! son ( ,a*illes#afc b ,m5elaos' relation to ,sp>ta af=d$ a r>e opportunity = a political polemic4 ,! latt] c\ld be pa9t$ z a mu* m despicable "*1 z c\ld also ! ,lak$aimonians 9 g5]al1 provid$ ,ore/es 7 involv$ 9 ! unholy murd]4 ,! anti-,sp>tan feel+ 9 ,a!ns 0 suffici5t to gu>antee a he>ty reception to any drama depict+ ! crook$ness & trea*]y ( ! ,sp>tan "*4 ,su* a play 0 c]ta9 to meet ! dem&s ( a campaign docum5t4 ,! ,&roma*e has1 h[ev]1 little ( ! m]it :i* "o c usually discov] 9 ,euripides2 x 0 class$ ev5 by ! anci5ts among 8 second-rate works#afd4 ,!re is b "o effective situation 9 ! :ole trag$y1 & t is ! spee* ( ! mess5g]1 vs4 #ajhe-aafe1 :i* gives ! acc\nt ( ,neoptolemos' murd] at ,delphi4 ,! beg9n+ is rem>kably simple & unaffect$1 b :5 once ! poet gets "u way ! action increases rapidly 9 viol5ce1 becom+ at e /ep m & m int5se until at la/ ! :ole temple ( ,apollo res\nds ) ! ro> ( ! unholy tumult4 ,ore/es' p>ty is1 ( c\rse1 victori\s ov] ! s+le-h&$ desc5dant ( ,peleus4 ,?is manuvr+ inside ! temple is unique1 & int5sely dramatic & picturesque4 ,! pictorial importance ( ! sc5e is atte/$ by a pa9t+ on a l>ge amphora f\nd 9 ,ruvo#afe4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aj4 ,9 ! c5tre is ! sanctu>y ( ,apollo d5ot$ by two tripods1 ! laurel tree1 ! omphalos cov]$ ) a nett+1 & ! alt>4 ,to ! latt]1 already da%$ ) blood1 ,neoptolemos1 1 has fl$4 ,he holds a drawn sword 9 8 "r h& & :irls 8 *lamys ab\t 8 left4 ,he we>s a petasos & has a sword-cut 9 8 left side f :i* blood is ooz+4 ,8 face is turn$ t[>ds ! omphalos beh9d :i* ,ore/es1 1 appe>s to be dodg+4 ,he has a *lamys & a pilos2 9 8 left h& ! %ea? ( a sword1 ! latt] be+ 9 8 "r4 ,on ! left1 beh9d ! alt>1 is ano!r y\?1 nude except ! *lamys on ! left arm4 ,he holds a spe> 9 ! "r h& z ?\gh ab\t to ca/ x at ,neoptolemos4 ,! c5tre ( ! upp] section is fill$ out ) an ,ionic temple1 ! doors ( :i* are op54 ,on ! left1 ! half-figure ( a woman1 recognizable by ! key z ! temple prie/ess 77#aff1 appe>s 9 great al>m4 ,apollo1 1 ) 8 b[1 occupies a seat on ! "r ( ! temple#afg4 ,9 ord] to und]/& ! pa9t+ x is necess>y to be> 9 m9d :at prec$$ ! spee* ( ! mess5g]4 ,&roma*e1 ! wife ( ,hektor1 _h fall5 to ! lot ( ,neoptolemos on ! division ( ! ,trojan spoils & _h be5 tak5 by him to ,ph?ia4 ,z 8 captive %e _h rais$ him a son1 ,molossos1 :ile 8 lawful wife ,h]mione1 daught] ( ,m5elaos & c\s9 ( ,ore/es1 cont9u$ b>r54 ,h]mione1 be+ suspici\s t x 0 ?r\gh "s drugs ( ,&roma*e t %e _h be5 r5d]$ ?us unhappy1 det]m9$ ^u ! latt]'s dea?1 & :ile ,neoptolemos 0 abs5t at ,delphi to atone = c]ta9 family wrongs ! desp]ate ,h]mione proce$$ to c>ry out h] resolve to de/roy bo? ! "m & ! "y ,molossos4 ,?is spiteful "w ( ! injur$ wife occupies ! fir/ "p ( ! trag$y4 ,! two are f9ally sav$ by ! int]v5tion ( ! ag$ ,peleus1 & ,h]mione !reupon resolves to kill h]self4 ,at ?is po9t1 ,ore/es1 :o is on 8 way to consult ! oracle at ,dodona1 ent]s4 ,on le>n+ ( ! insults & injuries t _h be5 heap$ ^u ,h]mione1 once promis$ him = a bride1 he at once und]takes to relieve h] ( any reason = dread+ ! return ( ,neoptolemos & ! att5dant disclosure ( h] wick$ plans4 ,he leaves accord+ly = ,delphi4 ,! mess5g] comes 9 aft] a song by ! *orus & relates :at has tak5 place4 ,ore/es _h gone r\nd putt+ ! ,delphians on _! gu>d aga9/ ?is ,neoptolemos ^: plan 0 to sack ! temple4 ,cr$5ce 0 at once giv5 to ! fabrication1 & ! inhabitants det]m9$ ^u a bold /ep4 ,:5 ,neoptolemos 0 at ! alt> address+ ! god1 ! b& ( arm$ ,delphians :o 7 ly+ 9 wait = him beh9d ! sacr$ laurel tree sprang out & fell ^u him4 ,?is furni%es ! sett+ = our pa9t+1 & we may turn = a little to a clos] exam9ation ( ! acc\nt giv5 by ! poet4 ,x w be notic$ t ! arti/1 :ile 9 "s respects keep+ close to ! latt]1 has 9 ! ma9 done 8 "w r indep5d5tly4 ,common to bo? are ! 7v4 #aaae7 & ! 7vs4 #aabc & #aach74 ,! attack+ p>ty 9 ! pa9t+ includes ,ore/es1 ?us emphasiz+ ! po9t :i* ,euripides really _h 9 m9d4 ,9 ?is p>ticul> ! arti/ has gone ahead ( ! poet4 ,x appe>s1 inde$1 z ?\gh ,ore/es _h j made ! sla% 9 ,neoptolemos' side4 ,! mom5t repres5t$ is1 !re=e1 t :5 ! fight 0 on4 ,! ,delphians appe> to h b "o repres5tative1 :o is c]ta9ly creat+ f> less annoyance = ,neoptolemos ?an does ! company 9 ,euripides1 :]e !y hurl rocks & fill ! air ) du/ & d94 ,! sett+ ( ! sc5e 9 ! pa9t+ is magnific5t4 ,ev]y?+ po9ts to ! great %r9e2 bo? ! ext]ior & int]ior ( ! temple are visible4 ,z = ! ,ionic ord] x %\ld be rememb]$ t ?is has n\ght to d ) ! hi/oric facts 9 ! case4 ,an exam9ation ( ! build+s on ! vases ( ,l[] ,italy reveals a decid$ pref]5ce on ! "p ( ! arti/s = ?is ord] ( ar*itecture#afh4 ,! pa9t+ is an excell5t example ( ! influ5ce ( ! poet ov] ! arti/4 ,?is is1 h[ev]1 no m]e illu/ration1 a fact to be rememb]$ 9 deal+ ) all ! pa9t+s ( ?is class2 ! _s & n ! lett] is :at "o c trace mo/ readily 9 works ( art bas$ ^u ! trag$ians4 ,! agreem5t betwe5 ! lit]>y s\rce & ! picture is m app>5t "h ?an 9 mo/ in/ances1 & ?is is l>gely due to ! fact t ! ,&roma*e is p>ticul>ly ,euripidean4 ,?is turn does n occur 9 any o!r au?or4 ,a p>allel case w be obs]v$ 9 ! *apt] deal+ ) ,iphig5eia among ! ,taurians4 ,x is ?is alt]ation & ext5sion ( old my?s :i* *>act]izes ,euripides' "w4 ,^! new features 7 popul> & attract$ ! public1 & "h "o gets ! key to ! unp>allel$ influ5ce :i* ?is poet ex]cis$ ^u arti/s4 #c4 ,,bak*ai4 ,euripides' ,bak*ai is our *ief au?ority conc]n+ ! fate ( ,p5!us#afi1 yet ?is writ] did n by any means e/abli% ! details ( ! /ory4 ,?is 0 done long be=e ,!spis may h assay$ to dramatize ! tragic episode#agj & be=e ,ais*ylos wrote 8 ,p5!us#aga4 ,x is n probable t ,euripides mat]ially alt]$ ! accept$ =m ( ! my?1 & !re may be 9 8 play a mixture ( ! traditional & ,ais*ylean v]sions4 ,p5!us' dea?1 l ! madness ( ! ,?racian k+ ,lykurgos1 0 insep>ably connect$ ) ! adv5t ( ! ,dionysiac wor%ip4 ,! s]ies ( victories won by ! orgia/ic god f ! wild ,nor? 0 n bloodless2 8 com+ 0 att5d$ ) opposition4 ,9 ! end1 h[ev]1 8 foes 7 annihilat$ or ru9$1 & ! new joy br\ght 9 by ! =eign god captivat$ a nation & made x 8 dev\t wor%ipp]4 ,euripides c\ld say little or no?+ new t\*+ ! triumph ( ,dionysos ov] ! k+ ( ,!bes1 yet ?is trag$y1 "o ( ! mo/ brilliant pieces ( ,greek lit]ature1 pa9ts 9 glori\s col\rs ! hi/ory ( ! victory4 ,! ev5ts1 z told by ,euripides1 are briefly z foll[s4 ,dionysos has arriv$ 9 ,!bes f ,lydia & ! ,ea/1 :]e he _h already e/abli%$ 8 *oirs ( ,bac*anals4 ,!bes 0 ! fir/ city to :i* he came1 & "h1 :]e he lea/ expect$ opposition1 scepticism met him4 ,! si/]s ( 8 "m ,semele circulat$ ! report t he 0 no god b an impo/or4 ,he =?) drove ! ,kadmeian wom5 madd5$ f _! homes to w&] 9 ! m\nta9s attir$ 9 ! ,dionysiac dress2 ! ,bac*ic craze spread fur!r1 & seiz$ ev5 ! se] ,teiresias & ,kadmos1 :o ) ?yrsoi & fawn-sk9s jo9$ ! orgies4 ,p5!us1 on he>+ ( ^! /range do+s1 appe>s & *ides !m bo?1 & ?reat5s to hunt ! wom5 f ! m\nta9s & puni% ! /rang] :o has made 8 family drunk ) fr5zy4 ,at v4 #dcd ,dionysos1 bewit*+ly beautiful1 is l$ a prison] be=e ,p5!us1 :o ord]s him to be b\nd & ca/ into ! royal /able4 ,soon aft]w>d ! walls are he>d to cra% 9 & flames bur/ =? 9 e direction 7v4 #eic ff474 ,! god1 to be sure1 is safe1 & ,p5!us is mock$ & wild ) ang]1 :ile ! =m] bids him be quiet & subdue 8 ang]4 ,at ?is po9t a mess5g] arrives to rec\nt ! /range sights t _h met 8 eyes on ! m\nta9s4 ,?ree b&s ( wom51 l$ by ,autono1 ,agave1 & ,ino1 _h ru%$ ^u 8 h]d ( cattle & torn !m limb f limb1 & aft]w>d !y wa%$ ! blood f _! h&s 9 a f\nta9 made to fl[ by ! god4 ,9 ! face ( ^! wond]s he urges ,p5!us to hon\r ! latt]1 b ! k+ w n brook ?is ,bac*ic insol5ce & ?reat5s to sacrifice a hekatomb ( wom5 on ,ki?airon r ?an propitiate ! unwelcome visitor4 ,dionysos advises him n to kick aga9/ ! pricks 7v4 #gie72 9 a mom5t ,p5!us' attitude is se5 to *ange2 ! secret p[] ( ! god is work+ on him2 he w see ! /range actions himself1 & w\ld r =feit a ?\s&-weight 9 gold ?an =go ! opportunity 7v4 #hab74 ,! l95 *iton is at once provid$1 & ,dionysos1 :o is to lead ! way1 directs ! arrangem5t ( ! dress s t ,p5!us %all n be mi/ak5 = a man4 ,aft] "s scruples z to ! figure he may make be=e 8 citiz5s he is anxi\s to be (f4 ,once 9 ! m\nta9s gidd9ess comes ^u him4 ,he sees two suns1 & a d\ble ,!bes1 & twice sev5 gates2 he decl>es t ! god himself has tak5 on a bull's =m ) horns 7v4 #iah ff474 ,imm$iately !reaft] he obta9s ! fir/ glimpse ( ! wom54 ,!re are ,ino & 8 "m ,agave4 ,!n he worries le/ he may n hold 8 ?yrsos correctly4 ,?is %[s 8 sad pr$icam5t too pla9ly4 ,dionysos has done 8 "w2 8 v5geance on ! recalcitrant ,p5!us is at h&4 ,at fir/ ! latt] feels himself able to ov]turn ! :ole m\nta9 & asks ! advice ( ! god z to ! be/ means ( annihilat+ ! troop4 ,:5 viol5ce is n recomm5d$ he sugge/s t he _h be/ hide 9 a p9e-tree to view ! sight 7v4 #ied74 ,no?+ fur!r is ev] he>d f ! k+'s own lips except 9 8 dea?-cry report$ by ! mess5g] :o _h accompani$ him4 ,:5 !y _h rea*$ ! b& 9 ! gl51 %ad[$ by p9es 71 v4 #ajeb71 ! ?icket 0 s d5se t ,p5!us reque/$ t he might be all[$ to asc5d ! bank or climb a tree 7v4 #ajfa7 9 ord] to comm& ! field4 ,dionysos b5t a tree to ! gr\nd1 plac$ ! k+ ^u ! b\ghs & all[$ x to rise aga91 &1 turn+ to 8 devotees1 po9t$ to _! prey4 ,/ones & d>ts are direct$ at ,p5!us1 & f9ally ! tree is pull$ up by ma9 =ce & he falls an easy victim to ! madd5$ wom54 ,agave1 he$+ none ( 8 cries1 te>s out a %\ld]2 ,ino1 ,autono1 & ! re/ help 9 dismemb]+ ! k+4 ,8 "m fix$ 8 head ^u a ?yrsos & l$ ! troop on a wild dance ov] ,ki?airon1 f9ally com+ to ! palace4 ,gradually fre$ f ! insanity1 %e realiz$ ! enormity ( h] crime4 ,dionysos' godhead 01 h[ev]1 e/abli%$1 & ! h\se ( ,kadmos rema9$ a t]rible witness ( 8 p[]4 ,^! are ! h>r[+ details ( ! murd]1 & "o _c wond] t !re are num]\s vase pa9t+s bas$ on ! trag$y4 ,!re is a long li/ ( vases t c = ! mo/ "p be pass$ ov] ) a m]e ref]5ce4 ,!y are all1 ) p]haps "o exception1 lat] ?an #ejj ,b4,c4 ,?is means t ! impetus = ! trag$y 9 art 0 giv5 l>gely by ! tragic drama4 ,! olde/ pa9t+ is old] ?an ! ,p5!us ( ,ais*ylos & _c1 !re=e1 be connect$ ) 8 play4 ,!re may h be5 an e>li] dramatization1 su* z t record$ ( ,!spis1 :i* figur$ 9 ?is monum5t#agb4 ,all ! rema9+ pa9t+s belong to ! latt] "p ( ! fif? c5tury ,b4,c4 & ! f\r? c5tury ,b4,c41 & are1 ) "o exception1 ( too g5]al a "* to be us$ z evid5ce = "o ( ! trag$ies#agc4 ,on ! ,muni* hydria x seems to me !re are cle> traces ( ! ,bak*ai1 & ?is widely-kn[n "w is giv5 "h 9 fig4 #aaagd4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aa4 ,p5!us1 we>+ *lamys1 pilos1 & boots1 cr\*es1 ) a drawn sword 9 8 "r h&1 9 a ?icket d5ot$ by two trees4 ,a ma5ad :o appe>s to h j discov]$ him ru%es into ! hid+-place ) a tor* 9 h] "r h&#age2 %e is dress$ 9 a pla91 ,doric peplos4 ,ano!r ma5ad1 simil>ly dress$ b hav+ a fawn-sk9 ov] ! left h& & a sword 9 ! "r1 does n seem to h sight$ ,p5!us4 ,a ?ird1 dress$ l ! fir/ "o1 hold+ a tympanon 9 ! left h& & a ?yrsos 9 ! "r1 approa*es :olly unconc]n$ ) ! discov]y ( h] companions4 ,on ! "r is ano!r gr\p ( ?ree ma5ads all dress$ alike & all 9 rapid motion4 ,! fir/ holds 9 ei!r h& ! qu>t]s ( a kid or roe4 ,! second %\ld]s ! ?yrsos ) h] left h& & makes an ec/atic ge/ure ) h] "r4 ,! ?ird "o1 9 ev5 m viol5t motion1 sw+s h] veil ab\t h] & ru%es on t[>ds ! left4 ,x %\ld be not$1 to beg9 )1 t ! vase is a ,l[] ,italy fabric ( ! f\r? c5tury ,b4,c41 & t !re is !re=e no *ronological difficulty 9 plac+ x "u ! influ5ce ( ! ,bak*ai4 ,! troop ( ma5ads is arrang$ symmetrically1 an equal numb] be+ on ea* side ( ! c5tral sc5e1 & ?is sugge/s ! *orus 9 ! play4 ,! /rik+ feature is ! introduction ( ! l&scape2 !re is no d\bt z to :]e ! cata/rophe occurs4 ,! arti/ did n all[ himself ! lic5ce ( plac+ ,p5!us 9 ! tree1 = ?is _h be5 too grotesque a sight = ! f\r?-c5tury pa9t]4 ,! frequ5t ref]5ces to ! ?icket#agf & ! protection x 0 or ! inconv5i5ce x caus$1 is happily br\ght out 9 ! picture1 b ! poet has n be5 foll[$ 9 details4 ,p5!us does n appe> ) ! ?yrsos1 tal>ic *iton1 & di%evell$ hair1 = ! simple reason t he w\ld h be5 indi/+ui%able f ! ma5ads4 ,z he appe>s 9 ! pa9t+ ! contra/ is /rik+ & ! eye at once grasps ! situation4 ,! tor* held by ! =emo/ ma5ad lights ! way to ! retreat ( ,p5!us1 sugge/+ ! words-- 4 v4 #ajhb f4 ,t "o is arm$ ) a sword :ile ! o!rs h no weapon f9ds also a p>allel 9 ,euripides1 :o says "o "t t !y us$ n\ght b _! h&s-- 4 v4 #gcf4 & aga9 t ! sword %all d its "w-- 4 vs4 #iib1 #ajab4 ,! wild revelry ( ! :ole is in/ructive :5 /udi$ ) ! poet4 ,! ,bac*anal :o flaunts ! qu>t]s ( h] victim rem9ds "o at once ( ! words-- 1 4 v4 #ach f4 ,9 conclusion1 ref]5ce %\ld be made aga9 to ! newly discov]$ wall pa9t+ 9 ,pompeii4 ,x is s rem>kably pres]v$ & s ?or\ghly 9 ! _s ( ,euripides t !re c be little d\bt z to ! influ5ce ( ! ,bak*ai#agg4 ,! only ,p5!us pa9t+ record$ 9 classical lit]ature 0 t 9 ! ,dionysos temple 9 ,a!ns1 :i* may also h be5 inspir$ by ,euripides#agh4 ,is ! ,pompeian pa9t+ an e*o ( ! celebrat$ "o 9 ,a!ns8 #d4 ,,hekabe4 ,! ,hekabe is "o ( ^? plays :i*1 l ! ,&roma*e1 embraces a s]ies ( ev5ts loosely associat$4 ,!re are 9 fact two di/9ct p>ts to ?is trag$y1 hav+ no o!r connexion ?an "o w\ld obs]ve betwe5 two sep>ate works :]e ! same h]o9e appe>$4 ,two heavy bl[s :i* ! ,fates dealt ,hekabe aft] ! fall ( ,troy con/itute ! subject ( ! action4 ,! fir/ ( ^! new calamities 0 ! dea? ( ,polyx5a4 ,! ,greeks are encamp$ on ! ,*]sonesos side ( ! ,hellespont4 ,among ! captives are ! =m] que5 ( ,troy & h] daught]4 ,a*illes1 :o is among ! %ades1 dem&s ( ! ,greeks t ,polyx5a be sacrific$ to him4 ,! reque/ _c be ignor$1 & ,odysseus & o!rs are commission$ to secure h] f h] "m4 ,! p>t+ sc5e betwe5 ,hekabe & ! daught] is he>tr5d+1 b ! c\rage & self-control exhibit$ by ! latt] are rem>kable4 ,tal?ybios1 ! fai?ful h]ald ( ,agamemnon1 aft]w>ds reports to ,hekabe ! details ( ! sacrifice1 & ?is description ( ! fair & innoc5t ,polyx5a is "o ( ! gems ( ,greek lit]ature4 ,! l9es 9 p>ticul> :i* describe h] actions imm$iately be=e ! fatal mom5t are fam\s = _! beauty4 ,al?\gh ! (f]+ ( ,polyx5a 0 kn[n 9 ,greek art & lett]s be=e ,euripides' "t#agi1 ! subject mu/ h be5 f> m popul> aft] ! production ( ?is trag$y4 ,x appe>s to me a m]e accid5t t no vase pa9t+ repres5t+ ! sc5e has s f> come to light4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 on a s-call$ #8,meg>ian ,b[l' a relief decoration1 probably dat+ f ! ?ird c5tury ,b4,c41 :i* d\btless owes its exi/5ce to ,euripides#ahj4 ,x has seem$ to me desirable to include ?is "h1 ev5 ?\gh x c>ries u beyond ! limits prescrib$ to ! pres5t "w4 ,! cup1 f\nd 9 ,!bes1 is 9 ! ,b]l9 ,antiqu>ium#aha4 ,! middle ( ! composition repres5ts ! tumulus ( ,a*illes1 above :i* is rais$ a /ele ) akrot]ia & a fillet4 ,on ! left1 ,polyx5a1 ) expos$ bosom & fl[+ hair1 kneels ) ext5d$ arms4 ,approa*+ h] is ,neoptolemos we>+ a *lamys & hold+ 8 sword ready = ! fatal /roke2 beh9d ! latt] is a figure 9 a %ort und]g>m5t1 mantle & pilos4 ,! cap di/+ui%es ! p]son z ,odysseus4 ,agamemnon sits ) back to ! behold] ^u ! extreme left1 & lifts 8 left h& 7n 8 "r h& z ,rob]t says71 evid5tly a/oni%$ at ! rem>kable composure ( ! victim4 ,on ! "r ( ! tomb are ?ree w>riors1 :o are m or less closely connect$ ) ! o!rs4 ,! fir/ "o appe>s to raise 8 h& 9 wond] at ! =titude ( ,polyx5a2 ! second1 :o does n seem to be arm$1 has ! appe>ance ( "o weep+2 ! ?ird is app>5tly little int]e/$ 9 ! trag$y4 ,x is n necess>y to "n ^! ?ree p]sons1 evid5tly repres5tatives ( ! ,a*aeans4 ,! fir/ "o may p]haps be ,tal?ybios1 s9ce he says he 0 pres5t 7v4 #ebd74 ,! dolph9s ^u ! vase are meant no d\bt to *>act]ize ! sea-%ore :]e ! sacrifice took place4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ab4 ,! ess5tial "p ( ! composition is1 h[ev]1 ! tumulus & ! figures on ! left4 ,ev]y?+ "h illu/rates ,euripides4 ,"o reads 9 v4 #bba ( 444 ' 4 ,! attitude ( ,polyx5a is bas$ ^u ! beautiful v]ses 9 ! mess5g]'s spee*3-- ' 1 ' ' 1 #8 '1 1 1 1 1 ' ' 1 4' ' 1 1 4 vs4 #eeh-efg4 ,ev5 ! hesitation ( ,neoptolemos1 express$ 9 ! la/ two v]ses1 f9ds its place 9 ! relief4 ,odysseus1 :o 0 intimately id5tifi$ ) ! proce$+s f fir/ to la/ 7vs4 #bah-dcg71 c\ld n be want+ 9 an illu/ration ( ! f9al sc5e4 ,agamemnon too is fitt+ly pres5t1 =1 accord+ to ,euripides1 he _h giv5 ! ord] to c>ry out ! sacrifice1 ' 4 vs4 #eec f4 & _h dismiss$ ,tal?ybios to ,hekabe 7v4 #ejd74 ,! second "p ( ! play beg9s ) v4 #feh1 :]e ! s]vant ( ,hekabe ent]s ) ! body ( ! latt]'s "y son ,polydoros4 ,priam _h intru/$ ! boy to ,polyme/or1 k+ ( ,?race1 :5 ! ,greeks attack$ ,ilion4 ,a consid]able sum ( gold accompani$ ! *ild to ensure 8 ma9t5ance if ! city %\ld be captur$4 ,z long z ! ,trojans held out1 ,polyme/or 0 true to 8 *>ge1 b no soon] _h ! news ( ! d[nfall ( ,priam's h\se rea*$ ! e>s ( ! good ,?racian ?an he put ! *ild to dea? = ! money & ca/ 8 body out unburi$4 ,?is is relat$ 9 ! prologue by ! gho/ ( ,polydoros1 :o also prophesies ! dea? ( ,polyx5a on t day4 ,8 body 0 accord+ly discov]$ by ! att5dant1 :o happ5$ ^u x by m]e *ance1 & imm$iately aft] receiv+ ! t]rible message f ,tal?ybios1 ,hekabe 0 made to b[ b5ea? ano!r sorr[4 ,%e at once summons h] c\rage & det]m9es to h rev5ge ^u ! unrighte\s ,polyme/or4 ,%e fir/ relates to ,agamemnon ! /ory ( ! boy's dea?1 & ! k+1 deeply inc5s$ at ! ( ! ,?racian1 agrees to h] plan = av5g+ h]self on ! latt]4 ,%e s5ds = ,polyme/or "u ! pret5ce ( disclos+ to him "s weighty matt]4 ,he comes1 & at h] reque/ dismisses 8 bodygu>d1 n mi/ru/+ 9 ! lea/ t 8 crime _h be5 discov]$4 ,to que/ions z to ! welf>e ( ,polydoros & ! safety ( ! gold he replies t all is well & t ! *ild w\ld gladly h come to visit 8 "m4 ,hekabe !n proce$s to tell him ( "s treasures :i* %e wi%es to commit to 8 keep+4 ,^! are 9 ! t5t1 & he %all g inside & exam9e !m = himself4 #8,no ,a*aean is )92 we are q alone1' %e says1 & ) ?is assurance ,polyme/or leaves ! light ( day = ev]4 ,once inside1 8 cries ( agony soon ann\nce t ,hekabe has done h] "w ) swift & c]ta9 h&4 ,! sc5e repres5t+ ! reappe>ance ( ! bl9d$ ,polyme/or has be5 recogniz$ on a ,lucanian vase#ahb4 ,9 ! middle /&s ! helpless k+1 8 arms ext5d$ 9 a di/ress$ mann]4 ,he is dress$ 9 a %ort1 embroid]$ *iton & a mantle1 & we>s a tall head-ge> t indicates 8 b>b>ian nationality4 ,agamemnon is on ! left1 ) sceptre & himation2 he appe>s to be address+ ! =m]4 ,foll[+ is a doryphoros4 ,on ! "r are ,hekabe & an att5dant1 bo? dress$ 9 *iton & mantle4 ,! latt] places h] arm ov] ,hekabe's %\ld] & seems to be com=t+ h]1 z %e %r9ks away f ! figure 9 ! c5tre4 ,! cane is sugge/ive ( ! que5's age & ( ! w&]+ life ^u :i* %e is ent]+4 ,a sword re/s ^u ! gr\nd1 po9t+ probably to ! weapon :i* 0 us$ to bl9d ,polyme/or4 ,x is n necess>y to cite any p>ticul> v]ses f ,euripides :i* ! arti/ may h _h 9 m9d4 ,he simply told ! /ory z x recurr$ to him4 ,especially sugge/ive ( ! k+'s /agg]+ /ep are ! v]ses beg9n+ 1 1 1 2 vs4 #ajef ff41 spok5 :5 ,polyme/or fir/ appe>$ be=e ! t5t ( ,hekabe aft] ! latt] _h put out 8 eyes4 ,! *orus1 ,agamemnon1 & ,hekabe are !n pres5t1 & ) alt]nat+ p>ts fill out ! re/ ( ! play 7vs4 #aaji ff474 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ac4 #e4 ,,hippolytos4 ,9 ! ,phaidra ( ,sophokles & ! fir/ ,hippolytos ( ,euripides x 0 ,phaidra h]self :o ackn[l$g$ to ,hippolytos h] love = him4 ,! vot>y ( ,artemis1 at once enrag$ at ?is effront]y1 ca/ h] aside4 ,%e !n defam$ ! y\? to ,!seus1 :o1 believ+ h] /atem5t1 pray$ to ,poseidon to de/roy 8 son4 ,! god accord+ly s5t a sea-mon/] to fright5 ! horses ( ,hippolytos1 & ! latt] 0 soon dragg$ to 8 dea?4 ,on receiv+ ! news ( ?is1 ,phaidra hung h]self#ahc4 ,sophokles' play does n appe> to h ev] made any impression ^u ! _w & mu/ h be5 soon =gott51 & ,euripides' trag$y met ) great disapproval4 ,su* a ,phaidra 0 m ?an ! ,greeks w\ld tol]ate4 ,! poet grasp$ ! situation & wrote ano!r ,hippolytos1 :i* set him "r ) 8 public4 ,x 0 no long] ,phaidra 9 & ( h]self :o became ! in/rum5t ( ! y\?'s dea?2 ,aphrodite1 ang]$ at ,hippolytos' s]v+ ,artemis in/ead ( h]self1 />ts ! g5tle flame )9 ,phaidra's bosom & visits h] ) a love-sickness t drives ! un=tunate woman into a confession ( h] illness to h] att5dant4 ,on ! latt]'s plac+ ! matt] be=e ,hippolytos1 all to no avail1 ,phaidra takes h] own life1 n =gett+1 h[ev]1 to leave beh9d a lett] conta9+ delicate *>ges aga9/ h] /ep-son4 ,!seus returns1 f9ds 8 wife a corpse1 & reads ! lett]4 ,! curse & dea? ( 8 son foll[1 z 9 ! e>li] ,hippolytos4 ,?is ru9 0 br\ght on him n s mu* by ,phaidra z by ,aphrodite4 ,! trag$y 0 c\nt$ among ! be/ ( ,euripides'1 & has always reta9$ its popul>ity4 ,! subject 0 dramatiz$ aga9 9 ,greek#ahd1 & !re is extant ! ,lat9 v]sion ( ,s5eca#ahe4 ,! !me 0 "o :i* 0 sure to appeal to mod]n au?ors1 & among ! ,fr5* alone "o he>s ( no less ?an sev5 trag$ies on ! love ( ,phaidra1 writt5 betwe5 ! ye>s #aegc & #aghf4 ,f\r ( ^!1 ! mo/ fam\s ( :i* is ,rac9e's ,phdre1 belong to ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,!y are1 h[ev]1 m directly indebt$ to ,s5eca & ,ovid#ahf ?an to ,euripides4 ,m5tion %\ld be made also ( ! two op]as by ,pellegr91 #agcc1 & ,lemo9e1 #aghf4 ,b aft] all has be5 said on v]sions ( ! /ory ei!r 9 classical or mod]n times1 "o turns to ! ma/]piece ( ,euripides z ! great "w4 ,accord+ to ! au?or ( ! ,hypo!sis1 ! play is among ! be/ ( ?is poet & 0 giv5 ! fir/ prize4 ,9 reflect+ t ,hippolytos has /ood =? s9ce ,m>*1 #dbh ,b4,c41 z ! beau idal ( innoc5t1 unsulli$1 "y manhood1 "o is incl9$ to cr$it ! judges ) possess+ good s5se4 ,!re 0 h>dly a m attractive leg5d ?an ?is :i* ! arti/s might h be5 tempt$ to make _! own1 yet "o discov]s a surpris+ de>? ( ,greek monum5ts t c be ref]r$ to ! my?4 ,f ^! ,i select two vase pa9t+s t appe> to be bas$ ^u ,euripides4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ad 7vid4 p4 #ajb ff474 ,fig4 #ad repres5ts a pa9t+ on a krat] 9 ! ,briti% ,museum#ahg4 ,! upp] section alone conc]ns u "h1 & ?is %[s ! int]ior ( a gynaikonitis ) kl9e4 ,on ! left is a gr\p ( two females4 ,"o sits on a /ool to ! "r1 we>s *iton & veil1 diadem1 bracelets1 & necklace1 & leans =w>d1 ) head dropp$ to "o side1 clasp+ h] "r knee ?r[n ov] ! o!r4 ,h] left foot re/s on a foot-/ool4 ,beh9d h] a :ite-hair$ s]vant 9 ! usual co/ume holds h] "r h& to h] *91 & ) tr\bl$ air ge/ures ) ! left h& z %e speaks to h] mi/ress4 ,a l>ge ,eros ) imm5se w+s flies d[n t[>ds ! latt] ) a ta5ia 9 8 h&s4 ,!re are1 fur!r1 two o!r gr\ps ( two ea*4 ,! "o be=e ! kl9e is two females aga94 ,an att5dant1 di/+ui%$ by h] hood1 :o holds a fan 9 h] "r h&1 talks & ge/ures e>ne/ly be=e ! o!r1 :o we>s ! simple ,doric peplos1 ungirdl$1 & /&s ) h] back to ! kl9e 9 a di/urb$ & tr\bl$ sort ( mood4 ,! rema9+ gr\p ( two1 a p$agogue 9 ! cu/om>y dress & a female figure simil> to ! "o on ! extreme left1 is also conc]n$ ov] "s important matt] :i* ! p$agogue is tell+4 ,c]ta9 articles hang on ! wall4 ,! picture has be5 int]pret$ z repres5t+ ,phaidra 9 ! pres5ce ( ! *orus1 & dep5d+ ^u ,hippolytos vs4 #bfg ff4 ,! "r-h& gr\p w\ld !n be v loosely connect$ ) ! re/4 ,9 s f> z ! love-sickness ( ,phaidra is conc]n$ ?is appe>s to me a correct int]pretation1 b t ! *orus is 9 any way repres5t$ by ! o!r figures is entirely out ( ! "q4 ,! :ole affair is suppos$ to be 9 ,phaidra's ap>tm5ts1 to :i* at no "t ! ,troiz5ian wom5 _h access4 ,:at w\ld !y be do+ by ! kl9e#ahh8 ,! p$agogue is add$ on "o side1 z ?\gh to indicate h[ ! news is spread+ among ! dome/ics#ahi4 ,b let me turn = a mom5t to ano!r class ( monum5ts t help to a bett] und]/&+ ( ! sc5e4 ,!re are no less ?an sev5te5 reliefs on ! long side ( ,roman s>cophagi :i* are practically intact & furni% f two to ?ree sc5es ( ! trag$y4 ,less frequ5tly ! ends conta9 "o or two o!r gr\ps supplem5t+ ! front side#aij4 ,!re are f\r mom5ts t are di/9ctly traceable4 7#a7 ,! love-sick ,phaidra sits on a *air 9 h] ap>tm5ts surr\nd$ by ! old nurse & o!r s]vants1 :o attempt to com=t h]4 ,%e we>s a veil z on ! vase pa9t+1 & on two reliefs "o ( ! att5dants is remov+ ?is#aia4 ,! diadem is also di/+ui%able4 7#b7 ,! nurse makes h] decl>ation to ,hippolytos1 :o turns away f h]4 7#c7 ,hippolytos ) 8 foll[]s is ab\t to />t ^u1 or is already engag$ 91 ! hunt4 7#d7 ,! horses run away & br+ him to 8 dea?4 ,all f\r sc5es occur on ! fam\s s>cophagus 9 ,girg5ti#aib1 & on ano!r 9 ,/4 ,pet]sburg#aic4 ,x w be obs]v$ t 9 ?ree ( ! f\r gr\ps ,hippolytos himself is pres5t1 & "o naturally looks = him 9 sc5es tak5 f ! trag$y :]e he is ! ma9 figure4 ,! e>lie/ sc5e 9 ,euripides :i* develops ! hopeless /ate ( affairs ) ,phaidra is1 h[ev]1 ( prime importance next to ! dea? ( ,hippolytos4 ,b a brief comp>ison ( ! left-h& gr\p ( our pa9t+ & ! ,phaidra sc5e on ^! reliefs is necess>y1 9 ord] to reveal a /rik+ resemblance 9 ! compositions4 ,! "o diff]5ce re/s 9 ! size ( ! gr\ps2 ! pa9t] has conf9$ himself to few] figures4 ,?is fact1 h[ev]1 is ( little importance4 ,a clos] exam9ation ( ! two discloses mu* t po9ts to a common s\rce4 ,on ne>ly all ! reliefs ,phaidra's *air has1 z 9 ! pa9t+1 no back or arms2 ,eros1 :o flies t[>ds ,phaidra 9 fig4 #ad1 inv>iably /&s beside h] on ! s>cophagi1 look+ up into h] sad face1 or1 :at is /ill worse1 aims an arr[ at h]#aid4 ,! que5 we>s 9 all cases ! veil1 & (t5 on ! reliefs ! diadem likewise#aie4 ,! nurse nev] fails 9 h] m9i/ry4 ,x is "t n[ to look m closely at ! trag$y4 ,aft] ! prologue by ,aphrodite1 ,hippolytos & 8 foll[]s ent] & pay _! homage to ,artemis4 ,! h]o lays a wrea? ^u h] /atue1 :i* adorn$ "o side ( ! entrance to ,pit!us' palace4 ,! att5dants are ord]$ inside & he !n )draws4 ,8 s]vant rema9s long en\gh to address a pray] to ,aphrodite's image on ! o!r side ( ! /age4 ,foll[+ is ! p>odos 9 :i* ! *orus relates :at _h be5 le>n$ conc]n+ ! illness ( ,phaidra4 ,among o!r ?+s !y he> t %e sits 444 4 v4 #acc f4 ,?is1 x w be obs]v$1 corresponds to h] position 9 ! pa9t+ & 9 ! reliefs4 ,x is j ?is "t ( ab/95ce & m\rn+1 sp5t 9 ! palace surr\nd$ by ! fai?ful old nurse & o!r s]vants1 :i* sugge/$ ! sc5e on ! reliefs & on ! vase4 ,! visitations ( ,eros s]ve well to br+ into objectivity ! real cause ( ,phaidra's illness1 & to r5d] ! poet m pla94 ,to be sure ?is all took place 9 h] ap>tm5ts1 7v4 #acb71 & c\ld !re=e be work$ out accord+ to ! arti/'s fancy4 ,a long & animat$ sc5e ensues1 9 :i* ,phaidra utt]s /range expressions t betray ! sadness ( h] condition4 ,! trophos f9ally coaxes ! secret f h]1 & ! *orus dips 9 f "t to "t z a sort ( second to ! nurse4 ,! int]view :i* ! latt] has ) ,hippolytos1 vs4 #fja-ffh1 is ov]he>d by ,phaidra4 ,h] unrequit$ love be>s h] d[n & %e leaves ! /age det]m9$ to die 7v4 #gca71 & 9 a few mom5ts is ann\nc$ z dead#aif4 ,! sc5es on ! s>cophagi repres5t+ ,hippolytos' hunt1 ! c\nt]p>t ( ,phaidra's illness1 & ! trophos' proposal#aig to ! h]o d n appe> on vases4 ,hippolytos' ride to dea?1 ! t]rible f9ale ( ! trag$y1 appe>s on an ,apulian krat] also 9 ! ,briti% ,museum#aih4 ,! pa9t+ falls into an upp] & l[] section4 ,9 ! latt]1 ,hippolytos da%es along 9 8 *>iot2 ! f\r horses are n 9 any app>5t disord] al?\gh ! next mom5t mu/ be fatal1 = j be=e !m ! sea-mon/] rises into view1 & a ,fury ) a flam+ tor* & s]p5ts w\nd ab\t h] arms runs into _! c\rse4 ,a p$agogue hurries along f ! re>1 ext5d+ 8 left h&1 w>n+ ,hippolytos ( 8 dang]4 ,! sc5e is view$ by five div9ities4 ,_! positions are ! /]eotyp$ ones ( ! ,apulian vases1 & _! connexion ) ! trag$y be=e !m ne$ n be intimate#aii4 ,a!na 9 ! middle1 a great fav\rite 9 ^! gr\ps1 leans on h] %ield & c>ries a lance & 9 h] "r h& ! helmet4 ,apollo1 di/+ui%$ by b[1 laurel b\gh1 & wrea? 9 ! hair1 sits on h] "r1 fac+ ,pan :o /&s half rev]s$ to ! behold] ) ! syr9x 9 ! "r h&1 & re/+ 8 left elb[ on a rock4 ,on ,a!na's left sits ,aphrodite1 att5d$ by a l>ge ,eros1 :o ext5ds a kylix to ,poseidon sitt+ on ! "r1 hold+ ! trid5t4 ,!re is c]ta9ly ample reason = ! pres5ce ( ! la/ two gods at ! dea? ( ,hippolytos2 !y are1 9 fact1 v in/rum5tal 9 br++ ab\t ! cata/rophe4 ,i am n able to assign any satisfactory reason = ! appe>ance ( ,a!na1 ,apollo1 & ,pan4 ,m]e speculation conc]n+ ! *oice ( ^! deities _c be ( mu* value4 ,artemis is surely indisp5sable 9 a gr\p ( gods conc]n$ ) ,hippolytos' dea?4 ,any "o :o kn[s ^! gr\ps on ! vases ( ,l[] ,italy is aw>e t ,a!na is a great fav\rite & (t5 appe>s1 z "h1 m]ely because %e 0 s admir$4 ,p]haps ,apollo is int5d$ to repres5t ,artemis1 b x is n likely t ! arti/ ?\ght s f>#bjj4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ae 7vid4 p4 #ajh ff474 ,9 reg>d to ! l[] section x may be obs]v$ fir/ t ! di/rict is n d5ot$ 9 any way z be+ ! sea-%ore :]e ,euripides s5ds ! y\? = a drive#bja4 ,!re is no wat] indicat$1 out ( :i* ! #bjb is issu+4 ,! m\nt$ companions ( ,hippolytos are repres5t$ only by ! p$agogue4 ,! "t is t j prec$+ ! break+ away ( ! horses describ$ by ! mess5g]1 vs4 #abah ff4 ,! ,fury1 a gratuit\s addition ( ! arti/1 s]ves to int5sify ! viol5ce ( ! dea? await+ ,hippolytos4 ,! deplorable end ( ! h]o has nev] fail$ to awak5 "o's sympa?y4 ,! innoc5t y\? dragg$ to 8 dea? ?r\gh ! work+s ( a ha/y & unju/ curse pres5ts "o ( ! mo/ pa!tic pictures 9 ,greek lit]ature4 ,x is well depict$ by ,philo/ratos 9 ! ,imag9es#bjc4 #8,y see1' he says1 #8h[ ! horses no long] obey ! re9s b ru% madly along ! pla91 cov]$ ) foam4 ,?is "o makes = ! wild bea/1 ! second reb\nds1 ano!r ru%es = ! sea1 & ! f\r? glances fe>fully at ! gr\nd4' ,! break+ & cra%+ ( ! *>iot are po9t$ out4 ,!n ! companions gallop up & try to manage ! horses4 ,! hills ne> by1 s5t9els ( ! disa/]1 9 ! =m ( wom51 te> _! *eeks = grief2 ! mead[s1 9 ! =m ( boys1 all[ _! fl[]s to wilt & ! nymphs f ! spr+s r5d _! hair1 :ile wat] sp\ts f _! brea/s4 ,hippolytos' limbs are torn & %att]$1 & 8 eyes are g\g$ f _! sockets4 ,pl9y tells ( a pa9t+ by ,antiphilus ( ,alex&ria :i* repres5t$ ,hippolytus tauro emisso expavesc5s#bjd1 b no?+ fur!r is kn[n ( ,antiphilus or :5 he liv$4 ,! s>cophagi reliefs repres5t+ ! cata/rophe are num]\s1 comp>$ ) ^? %[+ any o!r mom5t#bje4 ,n less int]e/+ is ! li/ ( ,etruscan urns decorat$ ) reliefs %[+ ! bull1 ! runaway horses1 & ! expavesc5s y\?#bjf4 ,9 all ( ^! a female figure1 d\btless a ,fury1 is fright5+ ! horses#bjg4 ,9 two cases %e is w+$1 & e "o c>ries a tor* likewise1 z on ! vase pa9t+4 #f4 ,,iphig5eia ,,at ,,aulis4 ,! /ory ( ,iphig5eia's sacrifice appe>s to h be5 told fir/ 9 ! ,kypria1 & yet only occasional ref]5ces are made to x by writ]s be=e ! fif? c5tury4 ,x 0 ! drama t infus$ new life into ! my? & laun*$ x z "o ( ! mo/ popul> ones 9 ! ,trojan ,cycle4 ,ea* ( ! ?ree great trag$ians tri$ 8 h& at ! cata/rophe 9 ,aulis4 ,euripides' "w1 ! only "o surviv+1 is at lea/ two g5]ations y\ng] ?an ! play ( ,ais*ylos1 s t ! wide popul>ity ( ! trag$y 9 ?is p]iod is well atte/$4 ,among ! ,roman poets we "k t ,ennius1 at lea/1 wrote a v]sion ( ! trag$y4 ,al?\gh x is kn[n t ?is poet _h a special pr$ilection = ,euripides1 & = ! mo/ "p translat$ or adapt$ ! latt]'s plays1 attempts h be5 made to %[ t 9 8 ,iphig5ia ,ennius 0 l>gely indebt$ to ,sophokles#bjh4 ,! few fragm5ts rema9+ f ^! ?ree ,iphig5eias are1 h[ev]1 inconsid]able1 & a cle> notion ( _! relation to ea* o!r _c be rea*$4 ,! extant "w ( ,euripides is accord+ly ( great value to u4 ,9 art1 likewise1 ?is subject 0 r>ely treat$4 ,i "k ( no ,iphig5eia monum5t e>li] ?an ! fif? c5tury4 ,!re is a ref]5ce 9 ! ,agamemnon to ! sacrifice z ?\gh ,ais*ylos may h se5 ! sc5e repres5t$ 9 a pa9t+#bji1 & grant$ t ! poet really _h su* a "w 9 m9d ?is becomes ! e>lie/ date = ,iphig5eia 9 art4 ,! e>lie/ monum5t ( :i* we possess any au!ntic record is ! fam\s pa9t+ ( ,timan!s1 :o 0 a contempor>y ( ,zeuxis & ,p>rhasios#baj4 ,?is date1 h[ev]1 does n c>ry "o beyond ! la/ ye>s ( ! fif? c5tury ,b4,c4--an altoge!r late date = an art repres5tation ( a my?1 :i*1 f ,ais*ylos' "t at lea/1 0 widely kn[n4 ,we h reason to believe t ,timan!s' "w 0 sugge/$ by ,euripides' trag$y4 ,! latt] 0 fir/ produc$ 9 ,a!ns aft] ! poet's dea?1 n e>li] ?an #dje ,b4,c41 & ?is requires t ! pa9t+ be plac$ ne> ! end ( ! c5tury1 :i* _m are unwill+ to admit2 x is1 h[ev]1 m a matt] ( op9ion ?an pro(4 ,traces ( ?is celebrat$ picture are v probably at h& 9 ! well-kn[n ,pompeian wall pa9t+#baa1 & ! ,uffizi alt>#bab4 ,! composition ( ! latt] has mu* 9 common ) su* fif?-c5tury products z ! ,orpheus & ,peliades reliefs#bac4 ,! ,etruscan urns on ! o!r h& furni% a weal? ( reliefs repres5t+ ! sacrifice1 r>ely surpass$ 9 ?is class ( monum5ts4 ,numb]s h come to light 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,p]ugia especially#bad4 ,two gr\ps are easily di/+ui%able1 7#a7 ,iphig5eia1 z a little girl1 is held ov] ! alt> by ,odysseus1 :ile ,agamemnon goes ?r\gh ! 4 7#b7 ,! fir/ gr\p is ext5d$ by 7a7 ,klytaime/ra on ! side ( ,agamemnon1 & 7b7 ,a*illes on ! side ( ,odysseus1 ea* begg+ = m]cy & ! life ( ,iphig5eia4 ,?is is all non-,euripidean1 & ,s*lie has attempt$ to po9t out t ! reliefs owe _! orig9 to ,ennius' play :i* comb9$ ,sophoklean & ,euripidean elem5ts#bae4 ,!re is no vase pa9t+ :i* c be claim$ = ?is sc5e 9 its ,euripidean "*1 b ! :ole play is ! basis ( a relief on a #8,meg>ian' cup1 & ! illu/ration is s valuable = ! prop] appreciation ( ! trag$y t ,i d n hesitate to include ?is little monum5t4 ,! cup furni%es inscriptional evid5ce n only = ! dramatis p]sonae b = ! lit]>y s\rce z well1 & is1 !re=e1 a unicum among ! monum5ts t are bas$ ^u ,euripides4 ,! cut giv5 9 fig4 #af is ( ! vase 9 ,b]l9#baf4 ,x %\ld be obs]v$1 h[ev]1 t !re are two o!r copies ( ?is same "w1 & t !y tell exactly ! same /ory f ! ,iphig5eia#bag4 ,a ^w is necess>y 9 ord] to prep>e u = ! fir/ sc5e giv54 ,agamemnon _h s5t a message to ,argos summon+ ,iphig5eia1 &1 9 spite ( 8 attempt to c\nt]m& ?is by a secret lett] to ,klytaime/ra1 he 0 =c$ to face ! results ( 8 e>li] resolve4 ,8 daught] came1 & accompany+ h] 7 h] "m & h] "y bro!r ,ore/es4 ,! nuptials 7 to be celebrat$ ) ! son ( ,peleus1 & ! ,argive p>ty 9 gaye/1 happie/ mood halt$ be=e ! t5t ( ,agamemnon4 ,! ,*alkian wom51 :o ?r\gh curiosity _h cross$ ! ,euripos to see ! ga!r$ ho/s ( ! ,greeks1 are ready at h& to assi/ ,iphig5eia 9 alight+ f ! *>iot4 ,! lad ,ore/es1 :o appe>s to h gone to sleep dur+ ! j\rney1 is awak5$ & lift$ d[n by "o ( ! k9dly /rang]s4 ,) h] "m's p]mission1 ,iphig5eia ha/5s inside to meet h] fa!r#bah--%e1 innoc5tly happy ov] ! arrival ( h] w$d+ day--he1 ov]come ) grief at h] imp5d+ dea?1 & smitt5 ) remorse at ! enormity ( 8 crime4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #af4 ,?is mu* r5d]s pla9 ! gr\p on ! "r4 ,agamemnon1 1 sits ^u 8 ) "o foot on a foot-re/2 8 "r h& is plac$ to 8 temple z ?\gh to %ut out ! gaze ( ,iphig5eia1 1 :o approa*es him 9 a besee*+ mann] ) ext5d$ arms4 ,! gr\p is bas$ ^u vs4 #fdd ff4-- ,iph4 1 ' 4 ,aga4 ' 4 ,iph4 ' 4 ' ' 2 ,su* is ! situation describ$ by ! poet1 & surely ! arti/ has succe$$ to a consid]able degree 9 grasp+ ! mean+ ( ! sc5e4 ,klytaime/ra1 #bai1 appe>s on ! left ) ,ore/es1 1 & w\ld seem to h _h ! boy 9 *>ge aft] he 0 help$ f ! *>iot 7vs4 #fba f474 ,foll[+ is ! inscription1 4 ,! g5itive case 9 ! la/ ^w may dep5d ^u "s su* ^w z 4 ,to avoid a possible misund]/&+ ( ! sc5es1 ev5 ) ! *>act]s nam$ ea* "t1 ! arti/ consid]$ x advisable to add ! lit]>y s\rce4 ,?is is ! ,iphig5eia ( ,euripides & n ( any o!r poet4 ,aft] ,iphig5eia leaves h] fa!r he endeav\rs to p]suade ,klytaime/ra to return to ,argos & leave ! f9al arrangem5ts = ! nuptials 9 8 *>ge4 ,naturally en\gh %e refuses1 & retires to appe> at v4 #hai1 :]e %e meets ,a*illes & en?usia/ically br+s up ! subject ( ! m>riage4 ,a*illes1 amaz$ at ! disclosure1 assures ! que5 t he has nei!r woo$ ,iphig5eia nor he>d aught f ! ,atreidai conc]n+ any su* an alliance4 ,?is sc5e is repres5t$ 9 ! next gr\p4 ,a*illes1 1 b5ds t[>d ,klytaime/ra & ge/ures emphatically4 ,! latt] holds h] h& to h] *9 & is evid5tly dumbf\nd$ by ! decl>ations4 ,! la/ words ex*ang$ be=e ! two sep>ate are sugge/ive-- ,a*4 1 ' 4 ,kly4 ' ' ' 1 ' 4 ,a*4 ' 4 vs4 #hdi-hed4 ,imm$iately aft] ^! words ! fai?ful old s]vant ( ,agamemnon comes out & relates to ,klytaime/ra t ,iphig5eia is to be sla9 by h] fa!r2 he goes fur!r & tells ! cause ( x all1 & h[ he _h fail$ to get away to ,argos ) ! lett]4 ,?is meet+ ( ! s]vant1 1 & ! que51 is dramatically told 9 ! ?ird gr\p4 ,! =m] we>s ! co/ume ( a p$agogue1 ) peculi>-look+ boots4 ,! latt] has laid aside ! veil :i* %e we>s 9 all ! o!r sc5es4 ,! foll[+ gr\ps on ! relief rev]se ! ord] ( ! text1 s x is be/ to consid] fir/ t on ! extreme left4 ,agamemnon1 ,klytaime/ra1 & ,iphig5eia are all nam$4 ,! "y ,ore/es pulls at 8 fa!r's *iton2 ! latt] has a mantle ov] 8 head1 & %ields 8 face ) 8 left h&4 ,! "m has turn$ aside & is consum$ ) h] deep sorr[4 ,%e _h won ! sympa?y ( ,a*illes aft] ! talk ) ! old s]vant1 vs4 #hif-ajce1 & foll[+ ! *oral song appe>s aga9 to seek ,agamemnon :om nei!r %e nor ,iphig5eia _h se5 s9ce ! t]rible tru? ( ! m>riage 0 disclos$4 ,%e calls h] daught] f ! h\se1 v4 #aaag1 & bids h] ' 1 4 ,all ( ^! figures occur on ! cup1 s t 9 a c]ta9 s5se ! :ole sc5e f v4 #aabb to v4 #abge is illu/rat$4 ,! position ( ,klytaime/ra & ,iphig5eia w\ld1 h[ev]1 lead "o to ?9k t ! latt]'s long appeal 0 p>ticul>ly 9 ! m9d ( ! arti/4 ,%e rec\nts 9 words1 z eloqu5t z !y are pa!tic1 ! promises h] fa!r _h once made to h] z a *ild1 & goes ov] all ! ambitions t _h fill$ h] girli% he>t 9 ! happy ,argive home4 1 1 ' ' 1 4 1 ' 1 1 4 ' '1 4 ' 4 1 ' 1 ' 4 vs4 #abch-abdh4 ,!re is c]ta9ly inspiration en\gh 9 ^! v]ses = a m pret5ti\s gr\p ?an ! simple t]ra cotta cup pres5ts1 b lack+ all o!r ,greek monum5ts be>+ ^u ?is sc5e "o may prize ?is witness z a valuable inh]itance f ! ,hell5i/ic p]iod4 ,agamemnon speaks2 he loves 8 *ild & realizes full well ! mean+ ( ! sacrifice1 b he mu/ obey ! clam\r+s ( ! ,greeks4 ,iphig5eia & h] "m rema9 alone ) ! *orus & bewail ! bitt]ness ( _! sorr[1 vs4 #abgf-acde1 :5 a company ( m5 is obs]v$ approa*+4 ,among !m is ,a*illes4 ,8 attempt to int]c$e 9 behalf ( ! doom$ ,iphig5eia _h be5 ( no avail4 ,! ,a*aeans 7 inexorable2 h] blood mu/ be spilt4 ,nev]!less he promises !m 8 assi/ance1 & enc\rages ,klytaime/ra to resi/ ,odysseus & ! o!rs :o come to drag h] daught] away to ! alt>1 vs4 #acch-adcc4 ,! e>ly "p ( ?is sc5e is recognizable 9 ! rema9+ gr\p4 ,iph4 1 1 4 ,kly4 1 2 ,iph4 ' 4 ,kly4 2 ,iph4 4 ,kly4 4 ' 1 4 ,a*4 1 4 vs4 #acdj-acde4 ,a*illes /&s ) /aff 9 h&1 ei!r ab\t to address ! "m or p]haps hav+ utt]$ ! la/ v]se above4 ,iphig5eia turns ) b[$ head to avoid 8 pres5ce2 h] "m evid5tly tries to deta9 h]4 ,inscriptions aga9 indicate :o ! p]sons are4 ,we h !n precisely ! situation 9 ! l9es quot$4 ,! sacrifice :i* foll[$1 0 att5d$ by ! m>vell\s wond]1 & x 0 to be expect$ t if any "o incid5t ( ! trag$y 0 told 9 art x w\ld be ! sc5e at ! alt>4 ,our little monum5t curi\sly en\gh /ops :]e all ! o!rs beg94 ,we are tak5 /ep by /ep up to ! f9al act & !re we are left4 ,! works enum]at$ above#bbj are1 )\t exception1 conf9$ to ! mom5t ( ! sacrifice4 ,! fam\s wall pa9t+ & ! ,flor5ce alt> h mu* 9 common ) ! r5[n$ pa9t+ ( ,timan!s1 & all ?ree are conceiv$ 9 ! _s ( ,euripides z f> z ! actions ( ,agamemnon are conc]n$4 444 ' 1 1 1 4 vs4 #aedg ff4 ,& s he /&s completely wrapp$ 9 8 mantle1 expos+ no "p ( 8 face4 ,9 ?is inv5tion lay ! unsurpass$ success :i* ,timan!s enjoy$ ) 8 pa9t+4 ,! dates = ?is arti/ all[ u to place ! "w subsequ5t to ! production ( ! ,iphig5eia 9 #dje ,b4,c41 & cr$it ,euripides ) influ5c+ ,timan!s4 ,?is is at lea/ possible1 b does n admit ( pro(4 ,x appe>s to me v likely t all ?ree ( ^! works are m or less closely connect$ ) ea* o!r & ) ,euripides4 ,! ,etruscan a%-urns on ! o!r h&1 z well z ! vase pa9t+ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum#bba1 foll[ a totally diff]5t v]sion ( ! /ory4 ,9 ^! cases ,agamemnon himself takes ! "p ( ! prie/ 9 ! c]emony1 & p]=ms ! 4 ,s f> f be+ ! t5d]-he>t$ fa!r :o _c ev5 /& & wat* ! (f]+1 he draws ! fatal knife or p\rs ! sacrificial liquid ^u ! victim's head4 ,traces ( ?is turn are f\nd e>ly 9 trag$y#bbb1 b ?is is an ,agamemnon ) a f> diff]5t he>t f ! "o we foll[ 9 ! ,iphig5eia ( ,euripides4 ,ev5 ?\gh ! "p f v4 #aecb till ! close ( ! play be ?r[n out z an int]polation1 ! "* ( ,agamemnon 9 ! fir/ #aejj v]ses c\ld n h *ang$ s sudd5ly at ! end t he w\ld h tak5 ! place ( ,kal*as at ! alt>4 ,?is set ( monum5ts does n1 !re=e1 give u ! ,euripidean _s4 #g4 ,,iphig5eia ,,among ,,! ,,taurians4 ,euripides 9 all probability creat$ 9 ! life ( ,iphig5eia ! *apt] conc]n+ h] return to ,greece ) ,ore/es4 ,!re is at any rate no trace ( ?is turn 9 prec$+ au?ors4 ,hom] does n appe> to h kn[n any su* a daught] ( ,agamemnon1 unless "o is to seek to id5tify ,iphig5eia ) ,iphianassa4 ,! #8k+ ( m5' speaks ( 4 ,il4 #i4 #ade4 z 8 ?ree daught]s4 ,we "k1 h[ev]1 f ,sophokles#bbc t ,iphianassa 0 di/+ui%$ f ,iphig5eia4 ,s9ce ,hom] has n ev5 h] "n !re is no allusion to ! cata/rophe at ,aulis4 ,x is fir/ 9 ! ,kypria#bbd1 a "w usually accr$it$ to ,/as9os 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! eigh? c5tury ,b4,c41 t ref]5ce is made to ! ga!r$ ho/s at ,aulis1 ! calm1 ! sacrifice4 ,x 0 n ,iphig5eia1 h[ev]1 :o 0 ! victim1 = ,artemis _h sudd5ly int]v5$ &1 hav+ tak5 h] away to ! ,black ,sea c\ntry1 _h bless$ h] ) immortality4 ,f ?is date !n ! my? may h be5 widely spread among ! ,greeks4 ,hesiod relat$ 9 8 t ,iphig5eia _h receiv$ ! gift ( immortality f ,artemis1 ?us foll[+ closely ! au?or ( ! ,kypria#bbe4 ,h]odotos also repeats ! same /ory#bbf4 ,"o looks 9 va9 = any trace ( h] deliv]y f ?is wild p1 until ! latt] "p ( ,euripides' life4 ,!n x is t new light breaks 9 ^u ! old or?odox =m ( ! my?3 ! mortal side ( ,iphig5eia is made to assume a new int]e/ = ! _w1 & %e1 :o _h be5 long lo/ amid/ a wild1 b>b>\s p1 is sudd5ly re/or$ to h] only hope1 ,ore/es4 ,?is is ! "w ( #8,euripides1 ! human1 ) 8 dropp+s ( w>m te>s4' ,) ?is trag$y ! poet creat$ at once a def9ite *apt] 9 dramatic lit]ature & furni%$ ano!r impetus = anci5t art4 ,!re are traces ( two o!r ,greek trag$ies deal+ ) ?is same subject2 yet ! play ( ,time/heos is a m]e "n#bbg1 :ile t ( ,polyeidos is b little m4 ,ari/otle1 h[ev]1 has giv5 a c]ta9 prom95ce to ! latt] "w by mak+ two ref]5ces to x 9 8 ,poetics#bbh4 ,?is diff]$ f ! play ( ,euripides p>ticul>ly 9 ! recognition sc5e4 ,! 0 br\ght ab\t by ,ore/es us+ ! words #8& %all ,i too be sacrific$8' ,:o b ,ore/es 0 likely to "k aught ( ! attempt once made to sacrifice h] at ,aulis8 ,x is wor?y ( note t ! libretto ( ,glck's op]a also foll[s ?is mann] ( ! dn\em5t4 ,among ! ,lat9 dramati/s we he> t ,naevius wrote a play call$ ,iphig5ia4 ,"o v]se only is pres]v$#bbi4 ,x goes )\t say+ t ! trag$y 0 tak5 f ! ,greek1 b f :at au?or x is wor?less to conjecture4 ,! ,dolore/es ( ,pacuvius 0 long ?\ght to deal ) ! same subject1 b ?is has be5 %[n to be ( an entirely diff]5t "*4 ,x is altoge!r improbable t ^! ,lat9 v]sions work$ any radical *ange 9 ! ,euripidean =m ( ! my?4 ,x is true t ! /ory 0 remodell$ 9 "s p>ticul>s2 ,hyg9us1 e4g4 9 fabula #bfa1 relates t ! bones ( ,ore/es _h be5 br\ght f ,aricia to ,rome & _h be5 int]r$ be=e ! temple ( ,saturn6 ,su* a viol5t contortion ( ! my? may be laid to ! cr$it ( a poet#bcj1 b ,i w\ld pref] to recognize 9 ! words ( ,hyg9us ! influ5ce ( ! my?ological h&books :i* 7 writt5 up 9 a mann] well calculat$ to pamp] ! national pride ( ! ,romans4 ,9 no "w writt5 subsequ5t to ,euripides is x possible to detect ! s\rces = ! repres5tations ( ! my? 9 art2 9 all cases ! poet ( ! fif? c5tury ,b4,c4 c be %[n to h wield$ 8 absolute p[]4 ,we %all see 9 ! discussion ( ! vase pa9t+s bas$ ^u ! play t ?is class ( monum5ts is n ! only "o 9 :i* ! new ,iphig5eia f\nd h] place4 ,! ,etruscan urns & mirrors1 ! wall pa9t+s ( ,pompeii & ( ,h]culaneum1 ! ,roman s>cophagi1 z well z pa/es & gems1 all furni% an ext5sive field 9 :i* p>allel sc5es may be trac$4 ,?is introduces ! consid]ation ( ! vases & _! relation to ! trag$y4 ,!y fall readily into ?ree classes correspond+ to ?ree well-def9$ /ages 9 ! play3 #a4 ,ore/es & ,pylades alone ^u ! ,taurian coa/ are surpris$1 & l$ by ! %eph]ds to ! k+ & ,iphig5eia 7vs4 #fg-dff74 #b4 ,! sc5e foll[+1 9 :i* x is det]m9$ t n bo? %all be kill$1 b t "o1 & he ,pylades1 %all be all[$ to return to ,myk5ai1 be>+ a message f ,iphig5eia 7vs4 #dfg-gbd74 #c4 ,! h&+ ov] ( ! lett] & ! accompany+ explanation1 :]eby ,ore/es & 8 si/] recognize ea* o!r 7vs4 #gbe-ajhh74 ,!re foll[ two o!r well-def9$ sc5es :i* are n traceable on vases#bca4 #d4 ,! escape ) ! ,artemis idol 7vs4 #aaeb-abcc71 & #e4 ! mess5g]'s spee* :i* relates ! mann] ( ! escape4 ,!re is b "o vase pa9t+ t c be assign$ to ! fir/ /ep 9 ! play4 ,! pa9t+ is a ?or\ghly ugly &1 f an arti/ic /&po9t1 wor?less specim5 t repres5ts ! v decad5ce ( c]amic art#bcb4 ,! vase is a sl5d] amphora ) ?ree zones ( pictures2 ours is ! middle "o4 ,on ! left a woman 9 *iton & mantle sits ) head turn$ to ! "r1 h] left h& re/+ on a sceptre or /aff & h] "r on h] knee4 ,%e we>s a necklace & on "o arm a bracelet4 ,/&+ be=e h] ) out/ret*$ "r h& is a be>d$ male figure 9 %ort *iton & mantle1 & a spe> 9 8 left2 he has j arriv$1 z "o may conclude f ! position ( 8 feet4 ,imm$iately foll[+ are two y\?s entirely nak$1 h&s p9ion$ beh9d _! backs4 ,! ends ( ! ropes seem to be held by ! gr\p ( ?ree y\?s foll[+1 :o are dress$ z ! fir/ male figure except t two ( !m we> boots4 ,_! att5tion1 l t ( all1 is direct$ t[>ds ! female figure4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ag4 ,! arre/ ( ,ore/es & ,pylades is giv5 "h1 & m def9itely _! appe>ance be=e ,iphig5eia4 ,to be sure ! mann] is entirely diff]5t f t on o!r monum5ts4 ,"o expects ,iphig5eia to be 9 or ne> ! temple ( ,artemis & to be repres5t$ 9 a m conc]n$ & active attitude2 & fur!rmore1 "o looks = ! alt> 7v4 #gb71 & "s indication ( ! fate :i* awaits ! captives4 ,all ^! features are want+4 ,t ! arti/ endeav\r$ to repres5t ! meet+ ( ! prie/ess & ! two ,greeks c1 h[ev]1 admit ( no d\bt2 t ! necess>y sett+ ( ! sc5e 0 omitt$ ne$ be no m a matt] ( surprise to "o ?an ! helpless workman%ip ( ! :ole4 ,! monum5t is valuable z be+ ! only vase pa9t+ %[+ ! fir/ sc5e1 :i* is nev] want+ on ! s>cophagi#bcc4 ,?is mom5t occurs likewise on c]ta9 o!r monum5ts#bcd4 ,! %eph]d relates 7vs4 #bfj-cci7 h[ ! discov]y & capture 7 made2 h[ !y le>n$ t "o ( ! two 0 nam$ ,pylades2 & fur!r t ! prison]s _h be5 conduct$ fir/ to ! k+1 :o aft] glanc+ at !m 77 s5t !m to ,artemis & h] prie/ess4 ,iphig5eia says to ! b\kolos 9 v4 #cdb1 1 & 9 v4 #dfg1 aft] h] soliloquy & ! song ( ! *orus1 %e appe>s aga9 on ! /age :]e %e meets ! captives4 ,?is is ! mom5t1 v l>gely modifi$1 :i* ! pa9t+ repres5ts4 ,iphig5eia's fir/ words are-- 1 ' 4 ,at ?is ! gu>ds are comm&$ to ent] ! temple & make ready = ! (f]+4 ,our picture foll[s 9 "o respect ! traditional mann] ( repres5t+ ! sc5e4 ,ore/es & ,pylades are inv>iably nude1 or s lightly clad ) ! *lamys t !y are practically nak$4 ,!re is ! close/ analogy betwe5 !m z !y appe> "h & z !y occur on ! s>cophagi4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ah4 ,! second mom5t1 z ,i h m>k$ x out above1 is also repres5t$ on "o vase only#bce4 ,9 ! c5tre ,ore/es1 1 sits to ! "r ^u a l>ge alt>1 *lamys ab\t 8 hips1 sword on 8 left side1 h&s support$ ^u 8 /ick t[>ds :i* 8 head is sunk4 ,! :ole attitude betok5s sorr[4 ,on ! "r is ,iphig5eia we>+ long1 sleev$ *iton1 & mantle1 necklace1 & bracelets4 ,9 h] left h& close by h] side 7incorrectly publi%$ z a knife7 is ! temple key :i* is emblematic ( h] (fice z #bcf4 ,h] "r is ext5d$ t[>ds ,ore/es1 ) :om %e is speak+4 ,%e is accompani$ by a temple s]vant :o1 entirely wrapp$ 9 *iton & mantle1 c>ries 9 h] "r an o9o*o & ^u h] head a di% 9 :i* are articles = ! sacrifice1 includ+ ! bran*es = spr9kl+4 ,beh9d ,ore/es is a laurel tree & on 8 "r ,pylades1 1 /&+ ) "o foot ?r[n ov] ! o!r1 8 "r h& plac$ sorr[fully to 8 head4 ,! left re/s ^u 8 /aff4 ,on 8 left side is a sword4 ,he is deeply conc]n$ 9 ! conv]sation4 ,above on ! "r beh9d a t]ra9 is ! temple ( ,artemis1 ,ionic ord]1 & akrot]ia4 ,beside x on ! left1 ,artemis1 di/+ui%$ by h] huntress-mantle1 two spe>s1 & hair-dress1 sits ) face to ! left t[>ds ,apollo :o is ! rema9+ figure on ! vase4 ,he we>s a g>m5t ar\nd 8 wai/1 & re/s 8 "r ^u a cane & turns 8 face t[>ds ,artemis4 ,! vase is especially int]e/+ z be+ ! only "o on :i* any ( ! *>act]s is accompani$ by an inscription1 & secondly1 because ,ore/es sits "h ^u ! alt>4 ,he _c be ?\ght ( z a victim1 & ,i d n believe he has fl$ to ! alt> = refuge1 z has be5 sugge/$4 ,t w\ld comport b poorly ) ! _s :i* he exhibits ?r\gh\t ! int]view4 ,:]e does ,ore/es sit passively ^u an alt> at ! attack ( ! ,furies8 ,he inv>iably has 8 sword drawn 9 a v emphatic mann]1 & :ile he cr\*es ^u or cl+s to ! alt> he nev] gives any appe>ance ( be+ an easy victim to 8 pursu]s#bcg4 ,j ?is po9t x is necess>y to emphasize1 = _h ! arti/ felt t ! mean+ ( ,ore/es' position indicat$ 8 pursuit ei!r by se5 or unse5 ,furies1 he nev] w\ld h committ$ ! egregi\s error ( plac+ him 9 a calm attitude q unconsci\s t he has a sword ready at 8 side4 ,fur!rmore !re is no trace 9 ,euripides or ! pa9t+ to all[ u to assume t ,ore/es is aga9 pursu$ at ?is po9t4 ,he is n1 !re=e1 9 any s5se a suppliant4 ,! vase pa9t] has simply all[$ himself a great lib]ty 9 seat+ 8 figure :]e we %\ld lea/ expect to f9d him4 ,an alt> is n by any means a usual seat1 & mu* less = ! victim#bch4 ,?is same fre$om 9 dispos+ ( details l$ ! decorator /ill fur!r f ! e/abli%$ usage1 = nei!r ( ! captives %\ld be all[$ _! swords4 ,!y are already 7v4 #dfi7 & %\ld be repres5t$ accord+ly4 ,9 ^! p>ticul>s we mu/ ackn[l$ge t ! pa9t] idealiz$ ! sc5e 7vs4 #dgb ff474 ,if x 7 necess>y to det]m9e ^u any "o mom5t :i* ! arti/ _h 9 m9d1 "o w\ld discov] a close p>allel betwe5 vs4 #fbe ff4 & ! pres5t sc5e4 ,x has be5 agre$ t ,pylades %all be ! mess5g]2 ,ore/es is to die 9 8 /ead4 ,! latt] proce$s to ask :o %all p]=m ! sacrificial act1 & :e!r a tomb %all receive him :5 all is ov]4 ,to ?is ,iphig5eia replies-- ' 4 & ,ore/es-- ' 2 to :i* ,iphig5eia rem>ks1 1 1 ' 1 4 ,i c conceive ( no m pitiable & hopeless condition ?an t ( ! un=tunate ,ore/es :i* ! poet depicts4 ,at ?is po9t 8 c\rse seem$ all 9 va92 ,apollo's promise appe>$ to be a f>ce1 & ,heav5 & ,e>? seem$ wr\ght into "o viol5t confusion 7cf4 vs4 #egb f4 & #gaa74 ,p]haps x 0 at ?is juncture t he mo/ impress$ ! pa9t]1 & we may see ! wret*$ ,ore/es pro/rate ^u ! alt> 9 ?is mom5t ( extreme despair4 ,artemis & ,apollo take no "p 9 ! action1 b !re is a great] fitness 9 _! position z spectators ?an is (t5 ! case ) ! gods on ! vases ( ,l[] ,italy4 ,! =m] is a natural figure 9 h] own prec9ct1 by h] own temple1 :ile ,apollo1 z h] bro!r1 prop]ly balances ! sc5e4 ,! latt]1 moreov]1 /&s 9 s close a relation to ,ore/es' trial & deliv]y t he is a mo/ appropriate behold] ( ! progress ( ?is 8 own ent]prise 7cf4 v4 #igg74 ,m5tion %\ld be made "h ( ! s>cophagi1 on :i* ess5tially ! same sc5e is f\nd4 ,! agreem5t ) our vase is /rik+#bci4 ,ore/es sits ) 8 head wrapp$ 9 8 mantle & droop+ on 8 lap1 :ile ,pylades /&s be=e him1 always 9 ! same attitude1 "o leg ?r[n ov] ! o!r1 "o h& clut*+ 8 hair & ! o!r re/+ on 8 /ick4 ,?is is a /rik+ co9cid5ce1 inde$1 9 ^! two classes ( monum5ts1 sep>at$ by at lea/ f\r hundr$ ye>s4 ,9 ! ?ird /ep ( ! trag$y we are m =tunate & possess among vase pa9t+s at lea/ ?ree t repres5t ! transmission ( ! lett] to ,pylades1 & ! accompany+ recognition betwe5 ,ore/es & 8 si/]4 ,x is n surpris+ t ! supreme mom5t 9 ! action %\ld h attract$ ! arti/s1 & t on ! s>cophagi#bdj also ?is unique po9t 9 ,greek trag$y %\ld h be5 repres5t$#bda4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ai4 #a4 ,! be/ kn[n ( ! vases is an amphora =m]ly 9 ! possession ( ! ,duke ( ,buck+ham#bdb4 ,9 front ( ! temple ( ,artemis1 ,doric ord]1 /&s ,iphig5eia1 en face1 9 ri*ly embroid]$ *iton1 & high head-dress f :i* falls a sort ( veil rea*+ to ! knees4 ,%e we>s necklace1 bracelets1 e>r+s1 & s&als2 h] co/ume bespeaks 9 e respect t ( ! !atre4 ,%e c>ries aga9 ! tok5 ( h] (fice 9 ! left1 & h&s ! lett] to ,pylades ) ! "r1 :o /&s ready = ! j\rney1 we>+ *lamys1 pilos1 boots1 & c>ry+ two spe>s4 ,fur!r1 on ! left1 lean+ aga9/ ! is ,ore/es1 en face1 b ) laurel-wrea!d head turn$ t[>ds ,pylades2 8 "r leg is ?r[n ov] ! left4 ,he we>s a *lamys1 & c>ries two spe>s & a sword4 ,beside ,iphig5eia is h] s]vant1 z 9 fig4 #ah1 b ) a simple girdl$ *iton1 & 9 h] "r ! di% ) articles = ! alt> :i* is repres5t$ 9 poor p]spective beh9d ,iphig5eia4 ,above1 on ! "r1 be=e ! temple doors1 is ,artemis 9 %ort1 huntress-co/ume & high ,?racian boots2 two spe>s 9 h] left1 & a burn+ tor* 9 h] "r4 ,%e we>s ! ,?racian cap4 ,on ! left ( ! temple beh9d a t]ra9 is a "y satyr1 no d\bt ?r[n 9 to fill up ! space4 #b4 ,! l>ge/ pa9t+ repres5t+ ?is sc5e is t on an amphora 9 ,/4 ,pet]sburg#bdc4 ,! c5tre ( ! picture is tak5 up by ! temple1 f\r ,ionic columns4 ,inside on ! "r is ! ,artemis /atue1 co/um$ l ,artemis 9 fig4 #ai2 a burn+ tor* 9 ! "r1 ar\nd :i* is b\nd a sort ( decoration4 ,x is on a l>ge p$e/al1 & has 9 ! left a spe>4 ,on ! left1 ab\t to leave ! temple1 is ,iphig5eia ) an elegant *iton1 mantle1 a diadem 9 hair1 & ! peculi> key 9 h] left2 beside h]1 & lean+ aga9/ ! wall1 is a kylix ) long h&le4 ,%e makes a ge/ure t[>ds ,pylades ) h] "r 9 :i* !re is no lett]4 ,he /&s on ! left by ! temple1 lean+ aga9/ 8 knotty /ick2 has petasos on ! back ( ! neck1 & we>s high boots & an escap+ *lamys4 ,on ! left1 l[] d[n1 ,ore/es leans on ! 1 z 9 fig4 #ai1 b he is evid5tly m deject$ "h4 ,! re/ ( ! pa9t+1 :i* consi/s ( five gr\ps ( two figures ea*1 has s little to d ) ! c5tral sc5e t we may omit any description ( x4 ,9 ! upp] zone on ! "r are ,h]mes & ,artemis1 on ! left ,a!na & ,nike4 ,a!na w obs]ve ! f9al "p ( ! affair 9 :i* %e 0 s deeply int]e/$ 9 ,a!ns4 ,! two gr\ps1 a female & an arm$ ,?racian1 repres5t ! common #8love-sc5es' on ?is class ( vases4 ,= ! ?ird gr\p on ! "r1 ! arti/ pref]r$ to draw a "y de] in/ead ( ! female figure4 ,/ephani#bdd is correct 9 call+ ^! #8love-sc5es1' & s sep>at+ !m p]man5tly f any "p 9 ! action4 ,c\ntless su* gr\ps are ?r[n ^u vases ( ?is /yle z mean+less1 decorative figures4 ,! p>asol1 wrea?s1 & vessels s]ve to enri* ! sett+ & add *>m to ! coquetry4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bj 7vid4 p4 #acc ff474 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ba4 #c4 ,a vase1 =m]ly 9 ! possession ( ! art deal] ,b>one 9 ,naples1 %[s an abridgem5t ( ! sc5e#bde4 ,9 an ,ionic temple1 f\r columns1 & akrot]ia1 ,iphig5eia1 en face1 long *iton1 mantle1 hair done 9 a knot beh9d1 leans ) h] left elb[ ^u ! 4 ,9 h] left is ! temple attribute1 & 9 ! "r ! lett] :i* %e ext5ds to ,pylades1 9 *lamys & petasos4 ,he leans aga9/ 8 /ick1 & has a sword 9 ! left1 :ile he po9ts ) ! "r t[>ds ! lett]4 ,on ! "r are ,apollo & ,artemis4 ,! =m]1 nude except = a mantle & high boots1 grasps ! laurel tree ) 8 left1 & re/s 8 "r ^u ,artemis' %\ld]1 :o sits to ! left ^u ! alt> & looks up to ,apollo4 ,%e is dress$ z usual ) %ort *iton & high boots4 ,%e has two spe>s 9 ! left4 ,9 sett+ ^! ?ree pa9t+s ov] aga9/ ea* o!r & comp>+ ! elem5ts 9 !m1 ! uni=mity is v /rik+4 ,p]haps ! details may be cle>] if plac$ 9 a sort ( s*eme4 a4 ,elem5ts common to all ?ree vases4 #a4 ,temple ( ,artemis4 #b4 ,iphig5eia 9 elaborate dress1 indicat$ z ! 4 #c4 ,a y\? 9 travell+ co/ume1 ) :om %e is talk+4 #d4 ,artemis on ! "r ( ! temple4 b4 ,elem5ts common to two ( ! ?ree vases4 #a4 ,9 figs4 #ai & #bj a y\? leans aga9/ ! 1 re/+ on "o leg ov] :i* ! o!r is ?r[n4 #b4 ,9 figs4 #ai & #ba ,iphig5eia h&s ! lett] to ! y\?4 #c4 ,! ,artemis is 9 ! temple 9 figs4 #bj & #ba2 s also is ,iphig5eia4 ,we ?us obs]ve t ! rem>kable agreem5t1 ev5 9 ! details1 %[s t !y mu/ all be copies m or less exact ( "o & ! same orig9al4 ,t ,iphig5eia 9 fig4 #bj does n hold ! lett] 9 h] h& may be accr$it$ to ! c>elessness ( ! arti/ :o m]ely =got to pa9t x4 ,! same may be said ) reg>d to ! abridg$ =m ( ! sc5e 9 fig4 #ba1 :]e ,ore/es has be5 left out4 ,! two c5tral figures appe>$ to ! arti/ to be ! important "p ( ! orig9al1 & accord+ly he omitt$ all else4 ,imm$iately foll[+ ! sc5e repres5t$ 9 fig4 #ah1 ,iphig5eia ent]$ ! temple to get ! lett]-- ' 1 ' 4 v4 #fcf f4 & ord]$ ! gu>ds to wat* ! two )\t b9d+ !m4 ,!reaft] ensues ! t\*+ sc5e betwe5 ,ore/es & ,pylades 7vs4 #feg-gbd74 ,! prie/ess !n reappe>s1 & comm&+ ! att5dants to g inside1 cont9ues-- 1 1 ' 1 '4 ,ore/es speaks fir/ aft] ^! l9es & asks h] :at %e wi%es4 ,x %all be an oa? = ! safe deliv]y ( ! lett]4 ,at ?is he dem&s a c\nt]-oa? f h] = ! safe )drawal ( ,pylades f ! c\ntry4 ,we may imag9e t dur+ ! deliv]y ( ^! v]ses1 :i* 7 probably spok5 :ile ,iphig5eia 0 /ill 9 ! temple doorway1 ,pylades _h approa*$ h] to receive ! lett]1 :ile ,ore/es /epp$ to "o side z he appe>s 9 figs4 #ai & #bj4 ,9 vs4 #gfi-ghg ! cont5ts ( ! lett] are relat$ to ensure safe transf] ( ! message1 ev5 ?\gh ! writt5 words be lo/ 9 a %ipwreck4 ,?is is ! "t repres5t$ on our vases4 ,! hopelessness ( ,ore/es requires1 moreov]1 ! e>li] "p ( ! sc5e1 s9ce f v4 #ggb he beg9s to be ar\s$ & to prove 8 bro!rhood to ,iphig5eia4 ,! is complete at ! close ( v4 #hbf1 & !re foll[ ! f\r? & fif? /ages :i* 7 notic$ above#bdf4 ,nei!r ( ^! movem5ts is1 s f> z ,i am aw>e1 %[n on any vase pa9t+1 al?\gh !y are an important "p ( ! reliefs on ! ,roman s>cophagi#bdg4 ,9 conclusion1 m5tion %\ld be made ( ! wall pa9t+s :i* repres5t ! dep>ture ( ! ?ree ) ! /atue to purify x 9 ! sea4 ,! fir/ & mo/ important ( ^! is ! f9e casa del cit>i/a pa9t+#bdh4 ,rob]t fir/ correctly recogniz$ ! "r mean+ ( ?is beautiful monum5t & bas$ x ^u ! poet#bdi1 !reby br++ x into h>mony ) ! s>cophagi4 ,t he 0 happily correct 9 read+ ! "t 9 ! pa9t+ aft] ! recognition1 contr>y to ,helbig's int]pretation#bej1 is nicely borne out by ! pa9t+ rec5tly discov]$ 9 ! casa dei ,vettii#bea1 :i* is ano!r copy ( ! same orig9al#beb4 ,! v>iations are1 h[ev]1 en\gh to r5d] any misund]/&+ ( x impossible4 ,"h !re is no temple1 & ,iphig5eia occupies ! c5tre betwe5 ,ore/es & ,pylades on ! left1 & ,?oas on ! "r4 ,%e c>ries pla9ly ! temple on ! left %\ld]4 ,fur!rmore1 ! unconc]n$ attitude ( ! two prison]s 9 _! tte--tte po9ts cle>ly to ! prop] significance ( ! sc5e4 ,curi\sly en\gh ,ore/es appe>s to sit on ! alt> "h z on ! vase pa9t+1 fig4 #ah4 #h4 ,,kyklops4 ,! satyr dance1 ! e>lie/ =m ( ! ,greek drama & ! simple beg9n+ f :i* ! imm5se sup]/ructure ( trag$y took its />t1 cont9u$1 9 ! satyr composition :i* foll[$ ! regul> trilogy1 to rem9d ! public ( ! orig9al plan & t5d5cy ( ! p]=mances 9 hon\r ( ,dionysos#bec4 ,till late 9 ! f\r? c5tury ,b4,c41 at lea/1 ?is e*o ( ! orig9al ,dionysiac fe/ival rema9$ 9 vogue4 ,! ,kyklops ( ,euripides is ! only example ( ?is sort ( composition :i* has rea*$ u1 & al?\gh ! pres5t "w is conc]n$ ) trag$y & vase pa9t+s ,i _c refra9 f includ+ "h a pa9t+ t is "u ! influ5ce ( ?is unique relic ( ,greek lit]ature4 ,! connexion betwe5 ! satyr-play & trag$y is c]ta9ly intimate en\gh to w>rant ! introduction ( ! pres5t *apt]4 ,e "o is acqua9t$ ) ! /ory ( ,odysseus' adv5ture ) ! ,kyklops ,polyphemos4 ,s9ce ! au?or ( ! ,odyssey ?rew a *>m ar\nd ! /ory1 ?is ev5t 9 ! w&]+s ( ! h]o has rema9$ "o ( ! mo/ popul>4 ,9 e>ly ,greek art !re are num]\s monum5ts bas$ ^u ! my?4 ,! black figur$ vases repres5t two critical mom5ts4 #a4 ,! bl9d+ ( ,polyphemos4 #b4 ,! escape ( ,odysseus & 8 companion f ! cave4 ,a long li/ ( pa9t+s tells ?is /ory ov] & ov] aga91 ) little v>iation#bed4 ,! arti/s evid5tly became tir$ ( ! monotony ( ! subject1 = x is practically dead at ! beg9n+ ( ! fif? c5tury4 ,!re 0 no?+ new 9 ! tale2 x 0 di/9ctly epic1 & = ?is v reason _h its day & gave way to new motives 9 ! dramatic lit]ature4 ,at ! end ( ! c5tury !re 0 a revival ( ! my?4 ,x ga9$ a new lease ( life ?r\gh ! ,kyklops ( ,euripides1 & once aga9 all eyes 7 turn$ t[>ds ! old ,hom]ic fiction4 ,:5 ! poet introduces ,seil5os & 8 company ( satyrs z slaves to ,polyphemos1 & turns ! =tunes ( ,odysseus1 on 8 arrival at ! cave1 by ! int]v5tion ( ?is new elem5t1 ! arti/ _h c]ta9ly a new inc5tive4 ,! rollick+1 lu/y antics ( ! tribe ( satyrs _h ev] be5 ! r$ figur$ vase pa9t]'s delight1 & :5 ,euripides connect$ !m ) ! adv5tures ( ,odysseus & ! ,kyklops ! old /ory 0 +raft$ ) a vigor\s %oot#bee4 ,timan!s1 :om we h already met#bef1 v likely ow$ x to ,euripides t he associat$ ,polyphemos ) satyrs#beg4 ,an int]e/+ vase pa9t+1 :i* may be dat$ cir4 #daj ,b4,c41 be>s /rong te/imony to ! influ5ce ( ! ,kyklops 9 ,l[] ,italy#beh4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bb4 ,! picture appe>s 9 fig4 #bb4 ,9 ! =egr\nd ,polyphemos lies /ret*$ out 9 8 drunk5 /up\r#bei2 beside him is a /ump on :i* hangs an empty w9esk91 & on ! gr\nd a b[l4 ,9 ! c5tre ?ree y\?s1 ! middle "o we>+ a pilos1 are busy tugg+ at a log4 ,two o!rs on ! left br+ fire-wood to k9dle ! l>ge /ick#bfj2 ano!r y\?1 probably ,odysseus1 9 pilos & *lamys1 directs ! "w f ! opposite side4 ,two be>d$ satyrs1 ) ! usual horse-tails1 cap] ar\nd on ! "r#bfa4 ,! :ole pa9t+ brea!s ) ! _s runn+ ?r\gh ! ,kyklops4 ,! impression ga9$ by read+ ! play is rem>kably well support$ by a /udy ( ! =m]4 ,!re is no detail$ agreem5t betwe5 ! two :i* /rikes "o1 = ! situations 9 ,euripides are n closely foll[$4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 ! same /amp ( orig9ality & newness *>act]iz+ bo?4 ,! pa9t+ is a revelation to "o :o has se5 only ! e>li] ,hom]ic monum5ts4 ,x may fir/ be notic$ t ,polyphemos is repres5t$ outside ( 8 cave1 & t ! attack ^u 8 big eye is ab\t to take place4 ,?is is q oppos$ to ,hom] & ,euripides1 yet m ?an half ! *>m ( ! sc5e lies 9 ! navet ) :i* ! arti/ disposes ( ! giant4 ,a glance at ! words ( ! poet w make ?is cle>]4 ,odysseus & 8 *orus ( satyrs h fix$ ^u ! means = ov]com+ ! ,kyklops4 ,!y beg ,odysseus = p]mission to take a h& 9 prep>+ ! fatal pole2 1 4 v4 #dgb4 says ! son ( ,la]tes1 b :5 he came to ! po9t :]e he really ne$$ _! help !y made e mann] ( excuse2 "s 7 sudd5ly seiz$ ) lam5ess2 o!rs _h du/ 9 _! eyes4 ,b he knew t x w\ld turn out s1 & he relies on 8 own companions1 444 ' ' 4 vs4 #fej f4 ,?is is well br\ght out1 :e!r int5tionally or n ,i d n say1 = x is ,greeks :o are lift+ ! 1 & z = its size e "o w agree t x is 4 ,! two satyrs1 repres5t+ ! *orus1 dance ar\nd lu/ily ! :ile1 hav+ smelt ! cont5ts ( ! w9esk9 7v4 #aec f474 ,z soon z ! plan has be5 decid$ ^u1 ,polyphemos appe>s aga91 hav+ already sat$ 8 appetite on two ( ! ,greeks1 & hav+ _h at lea/ a ta/e ( ! w9e4 ,:at c\ld prep>e "o bett] = ! appreciation ( ! figure on ! vase ?an 8 own words8 1 1 4 ' 1 4 1 1 ' 4 vs4 #ejc ff4 ,8 proposal to g & %>e 8 good =tune ) ! bro!r ,kyklopes does n meet ! approval ( ,odysseus1 :o bids him keep 8 good ?+s to himself & enjoy !m4 ,seil5os goes ev5 fur!r & says-- 4 v4 #edc4 & ,polyphemos takes up ! sugge/ion at once1 = we he> him ask ' 2 v4 #ede4 ,!re c be little d\bt t ^! v]ses p>ticul>ly int]e/$ ! arti/4 ,well satisfi$ ) ! newly discov]$ dr9k1 ! ,kyklops has dropp$ d[n ^u 8 side z ,seil5os recomm5d$4 ,! 1 :i* he ord]$ extra1 hangs beside him & ^u ! gr\nd is a b[l#bfb4 ,bo? ( ^! h evid5tly be5 dra9$4 ,! inhuman mon/] sleeps on1 q 9 ! mann] ( ,euripides1 9 ! pres5ce ( ! active prep>ations = 8 own ru94 #i4 ,,m$eia4 ,! h]o9e ( ?is trag$y ( ,euripides is "o ( ! mo/ impos+ & t]rible figures t has come d[n to u f anci5t ,greek lit]ature4 ,x is n1 h[ev]1 ! magician ( /range p[]1 :o assi/$ ,jason 9 w9n+ ! ,gold5 ,fleece & 9 p]=m+ 8 o!r ,kol*ian adv5tures1 t ov]awes "o2 nei!r is x ! sorc]ess :o work$ h] wond]s on ,pelias1 b r ! ,m$eia :o av5g$ h] slight$ hon\r ?r\gh ! de/ruction ( ,jason's newly won bride & 8 two sons2 x is ! ,m$eia at ,cor9? t we "k be/1 ! ,m$eia ( ,euripides4 ,?is *apt] 9 ! b>b>ian's c>e] assum$ "u 8 h& a prom95ce :i* f> exce$$ any?+ t _h gone be=e4 ,euripides' ,m$eia has rema9$ ev] s9ce ! ,m$eia ( art & lett]s4 ,9 e>ly ,greek art ,m$eia is n a common figure1 & :5 %e does occur x is inv>iably z ! sorc]ess#bfc4 ,9 ?is rle "o meets h] on bo? black & r$ figur$ vases#bfd1 & on ! fam\s relief 9 ! ,lat]an#bfe4 ,aft] ! beg9n+ ( ! f\r? c5tury ,b4,c4 ! ,cor9?ian ,m$eia pr$om9ates4 ,z su* "o f9ds h] on vases f ,l[] ,italy1 ,apulia & ,campania especially1 on ,pompeian wall pa9t+s#bff1 on t]ra cottas#bfg1 gems#bfh1 & ! ,roman s>cophagi#bfi4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bc 7vid4 p4 #ade ff47 ,! mo/ fam\s vase ^u :i* we f9d ,m$eia is ! great amphora 9 ,muni*#bgj1 f\nd 9 ,canosa1 ! anci5t ,canusium1 9 ,apulia1 ,oct4 #af1 #ahac4 ,! pa9t+ consi/s ( ?ree sections ( figures p>allel ) ! p]imet] ( ! vase4 ,! two upp] ones are divid$ 9 ! middle by a build+ ) six ,ionic columns4 ,on ! inside hang two r\nd %ields--a common decoration 9 ?is sort ( picture4 ,on ! "r1 inside ( ! h\se1 is a *air or 1 ov] ! arm-re/ ( :i* a ri*ly dress$ female figure has fall52 above on ! frieze ! inscription 7sc4 7 %[s ! p]son to be ,kreusa1 or ,glauke#bga1 ! daught] ( ,kreon4 ,ru%+ rapidly t[>ds h] f ! "r is a y\? 9 petasos & *lamys4 ,he has already rea*$ ! upp] /ep ( ! palace & is attempt+ to remove ,kreusa's head-dress4 ,incis$ 9 ! vase is ! "n #bgb4 ,on ! left an eld]ly male figure1 be>d$1 we>+ long1 ri*ly embroid]$ *iton1 hurries to ,kreusa4 ,"o h& is plac$ beh9d h] z ?\gh to support ! body2 ! o!r1 f :i* ! sceptre has j fall51 clut*es 8 hair4 ,he gazes to "o side 9 a daz$ sort ( mann]4 ,on ! frieze above is 1 evid5tly ! la/ lett]s ( #bgc4 ,to ! left outside ( ! palace1 & some:at l[]1 an eld]ly woman 9 long *iton & mantle runs t[>d ! sc5e ( ! trag$y1 ext5d+ h] left h& & hold+ h] "r to h] head 9 ! usual attitude ( fright4 ,%e is designat$ by ! inscription1 incis$1 z #bgd--mo/ likely ! wife ( ,kreon4 ,fur!r on ! left is a gr\p ( two1 a p$agogue 9 ! usual co/ume1 & a female att5dant4 ,! =m] is hurry+ t[>ds ! palace1 :ile ! latt] attempts to div]t him f 8 onw>d ru%4 ,to ! "r f ,hippotes is ano!r female figure1 en face1 :o appe>s to be leav+ ! palace4 ,h] dress1 especially ! veil1 & h] be>+ po9t h] out z a nurse or s]vant ( ,kreusa4 ,j 9 front ( ! latt] ^u ! gr\nd is ! op5 box 9 :i* ! baneful pres5ts 7 br\ght4 ,! l[] section is divid$ into two p>ts by ,m$eia's dragon-*>iot1 held 9 read9ess by ! *>iote] ) a burn+ tor* 9 ei!r h&4 ,! upp] "p ( ! latt]'s body is nude4 ,!re c be little d\bt t ! figure is female4 ,! inscription %[s x to be 1 ! p]sonification ( ,m$eia's rage4 ,on ! left1 ,m$eia1 #bge1 ) ri*ly decorat$ ori5tal co/ume & ,phrygian cap1 advances to ! "r ) drawn sword to kill "o son :om %e grasps by ! hair ) ! left h&4 ,x is n easy to say :e!r ! boy has tak5 refuge on ! alt>1 or :e!r 8 "m has lift$ him ^u x4 ,m probably ! latt] is true4 ,! lad is nude1 ) ! exception ( a g>m5t ov] 8 left %\ld]4 ,he we>s bracelets & on ! left leg an anklet4 ,imm$iately beh9d ,m$eia a doryphoros1 dress$ z ,hippotes1 b ) two spe>s in/ead ( a sword1 hurries to ! left ) ! second boy1 dress$ z is ! o!r4 ,on ! "r ( ! *>iot & ha/5+ impetu\sly to rescue 8 son is ,jason1 4 ,he is be>d$ & has a sword & long spe>4 ,8 *lamys is ?r[n ov] 8 left arm4 ,beside him1 b mov+ at slack5$ spe$1 ano!r doryphoros ext5ds ! "r h& t[>ds ! *>iot z ?\gh to w>n ,jason ( ! futility ( 8 int]v5tion4 ,above ?is gr\p on ! "r is a be>d$ male figure1 po9t+ t[>ds ! ev5ts transpir+ bel[4 ,he we>s a long royal dress & ,phrygian cap1 & c>ries a sceptre 9 8 left4 1 incis$1 indicates him z ! gho/ ( ,aetes1 ,m$eia's fa!r4 ,! upp] section is b\nd$ on ei!r side by a ,cor9?ian column surm\nt$ by a tripod4 ,h]akles1 ) club1 b[ & quiv]1 & lion's sk91 /&s on ! left fac+ ,a!ne1 :o sits ^u a t]ra94 ,%e has h] helmet 9 h] "r h& & leans aga9/ h] %ield4 ,! spe> is n want+4 ,on ! "r are two male figures1 "o sitt+1 ! o!r /&+4 ,! oil-cruses & /rigils1 z well z ! two />s & ! pilos1 ne> ! "o :o sits1 designate !m z ! ,diosk\roi4 ,we turn n[ to a clos] consid]ation ( our vase to see if x is "u ! influ5ce ( ,euripides4 ,/>t+ ) ! sc5e :i* ! vase pa9t] has giv5 u 9 ,kreon's palace1 "o _c b be /ruck ) ! agreem5t betwe5 ! picture & ! sc5e describ$ by ! poet ?r\gh ! m\? ( ! mess5g] 9 ! celebrat$ spee*1 vs4 #aacf-abcj4 ,?is wond]ful passage is ! triumph ( ,euripidean rhetoric 9 ! ,m$eia4 ,! two boys1 toge!r ) _! fa!r1 _h ent]$ ,kreusa's ap>tm5t convey+ ! box ) ! ri* ve/m5t & gold5 cr[n1 & %e1 :o _h refus$ to li/5 to words & be s(t5$1 01 woman-l1 melt$ by ^! unexpect$ gifts4 ,%e accepts !m1 & fa!r & sons retire4 ,%e !n arrays h]self be=e ! mirror1 admires h] beauty1 retreats across ! room ) pr\d1 exult+ /ep1 all too captivat$ by h] graci\s figure1 :5 ! t]rible mom5t comes-- 4 vs4 #aafh-aagj4 ,!re is a rem>kable h>mony betwe5 ^! words & ! picture ^u ! vase1 :]e ,kreusa lies a helpless mass across ! arms ( ! 4 ,h] attitude sugge/s to "o's m9d exactly ! idea 9 4 ,r>ely has a vase pa9t] come ne>] to illu/ration ?an "h4 ,x _h1 inde$1 be5 f> easi] to pa9t ,kreusa 9 h] fall5 position ^u ! floor1 ' 7v4 #aaie71 :]e ! *air & ! =m ( ! body w\ld h pres5t$ no su* difficulties 9 draw+ z !y d 9 ! pres5t position#bgf4 ,:y 0 ?is n done8 ,simply1 z ,i am conv9c$1 because ! pa9t] *ose to pres5t ! mo/ tragic mom5ts1 & %ape !m into ! greate/ possible dramatic effect4 ,he seiz$ ! crisis 9 ,kreusa's dread /ruggle1 :51 doom$ by ! poison & flames1 %e dropp$ across ! *air4 ,"h1 z 9 ! sc5e bel[1 ! vase pa9t] has giv5 evid5ce ( dramatic p[] ( a high degree1 & ,i v5ture to ?9k t _h he n be5 an arti/ he w\ld h be5 a trag$ian4 ,kreon1 :o1 ( c\rse1 c\ld n be repres5t$ z fall+ ^u ! body ( ,kreusa z he ent]$ ! room1 7v4 #abje71 :ile %e 0 /ill re/+ on ! *air#bgg1 is pa9t$ 9 ! fir/ mom5t ( rea*+ ! un=tunate "o4 ,he places 8 left h& "u h] body1 &1 ov]come by ! horror ( ! sight1 lets fall 8 sceptre f 8 "r h& z he gazes = a mom5t 9 transfix$ agony f 8 daught]'s situation4 ,! position ( ! arms is exactly t ( ! same figure on ! s>cophagi reliefs#bgh1 & no d\bt w\ld be traceable ?r\gh ! five int]v5+ c5turies if ! monum5ts 7 at h&4 ,our vase w\ld appe> to repres5t "h a tradition t 0 always closely foll[$ 9 repres5t+ ,kreon 9 an upright position4 ,m]ope1 ! "m1 :o is m5tion$ 9 ,cor9?ian leg5ds only z ! wife ( ,sisyphos#bgi & ( ,polybos#bhj1 does n appe> at all 9 ,euripides4 ,! pa9t]'s pr9ciple 0 to "n all ! *ief figures on ! vase1 & x is n necess>y to po9t out "h ano!r s\rce ?an ! ,m$eia ( ,euripides4 ,a "n ?us kn[n z belong+ to ,cor9?ian royal families w\ld be a natural inv5tion = ! wife ( ,kreon if !re 0 no leg5d to provide fur!r in=mation ab\t h]4 ,i hold ?is pa9t+1 h[ev]1 z adequate evid5ce t !re 0 a ?ird ,m]ope kn[n 9 ,cor9?#bha4 ,t ! "m z well z ! fa!r %\ld be repres5t$ "h is fur!r witness ( ! _s :i* ! poet brea!d into 8 "w4 ,m$eia's fix$ det]m9ation to ru9 all h] enemies at "o bl[ & to root out ! :ole royal h\se 9 a day 7vs4 #cgc f47 is express$ 9 ! ext5d$ sc5e "h giv51 9 a mann] well calculat$ to inspire ! behold] ) mu* t lies betwe5 ! l9es 9 ,euripides4 ,!re is absolutely no reason = claim+ ?is sc5e z an ext5sion ( t giv5 9 ! poet1 & !re=e bas$ ^u a po/-,euripidean trag$y4 ,"o :o d5ies ! vase pa9t] ! "r to introduce figures =eign to ! poet fails utt]ly 9 compreh5d+ ! _s ( ! f\r? & ?ird c5tury vase pa9t+4 ,! arti/s foll[$ ! numb] ( *>act]s 9 ! poetical v]sion no m slavi%ly ?an !y did ! disposition & movem5t ( ! same4 ,/>t+ ) :at ! poet gave !m & hold+ ?is 9 m9d z a guide & inspiration 9 c]ta9 details1 ! pa9t]s proce$$ to create1 z indep5d5t arti/s1 a simil> sc5e1 transfus$1 h[ev]1 ) _! own alt]ations4 ,x is to be expect$ t 9 ! ov]-fill$ vase pa9t+s ( ,apulia & ,campania "o w f9d figures t %[ a wide lib]ty on ! "p ( ! pa9t]s1 & t illu/rate well h[ mu* ! sev]e me?ods ( ! ,a!nian vase pa9t]s _h be5 alt]$ 9 ,magna ,graecia4 ,ano!r in/ance ( ?is same indep5d5ce ( ! pa9t] is se5 9 ! introduction ( ,hippotes1 to :om !re is n ! slighte/ ref]5ce 9 ,euripides4 ,9 vs4 #aafh-abjc1 :]e ,kreusa's fate is describ$1 no "o is ref]r$ to z pres5t except ! female att5dants1 :o 7 possess$ ) t]ror & l5t no aid to _! mi/ress4 ,kreon unexpect$ly ent]$1 1 & soon succumb$1 a victim toge!r ) 8 daught]4 ,:y does ,hippotes appe> on ! vase z ! "o :o is try+ to lib]ate ,kreusa8 ,) ,vogel#bhb aga9 ! answ] liegt auf d] ,h&3 weil ,euripides ni*t die ,quelle d] ,d>/ellung i/4 ,because ! pa9t] enl>g$ ! sc5e ( ! poet1 & 0 m tragic & m dramatic ?an ,euripides1 a lat] or at lea/ ano!r v]sion ( ! my? is claim$ z 8 au?ority4 ,?is appe>s to me altoge!r improbable & unnecess>y4 ,x is improbable because1 z we h abundant reason to believe1 ,euripides' v]sion ( ! my? 01 bo? 9 ,greek & ,roman times1 ! mo/ popul>#bhc4 ,o!r ,m$eias are m]e names4 ,fur!rmore our vase _c be dat$ lat] ?an ! second half ( ! f\r? c5tury ,b4,c41 i4 e4 n mu* m ?an a c5tury aft] ! fir/ appe>ance ( ! ,m$eia 9 #dca ,b4,c4 ,?is is an important fact :i* seems to h be5 mo/ly ov]look$4 ,euripides1 x mu/ be rememb]$1 rul$ ! f\r? c5tury ,b4,c4 z ! prophet ( ! "t1 & 0 hail$ by ! ,greeks ( ! colonies & ! mo!rl& ) univ]sal admiration4 ,x is safe to say t no ,greek poet 0 m ^u ! lips ( ! p or m 9 _! he>ts4 ,t>dy z 0 ! recognition ( 8 g5ius dur+ 8 lifetime1 ! ext5t ( 8 po/hum\s fame 0 unp>allel$ & 8 "n rang ?r\gh ,alex&rian & ,hell5i/ic times z t ( "o ( ! immortals4 ,are we to suppose !n t a vase pa9t] ( ,magna ,graecia1 :o might h liv$ ) ^? :o _h se5 ,euripides1 01 9 deal+ ) ! ,m$eia my?1 "u ! influ5ce ( "s poet ( a day8 ,0 an arti/ :o liv$ 9 ?is proximity to ,euripides' own "t likely to foll[ ! guidance ( any o!r ?an ! great ma/] :o creat$ ! ,m$eia "* & />t$ h] d[n ! c5turies 9 t unexampl$ rage & fury8 ,we d>e1 moreov]1 g fur!r & claim ) ,rob]t t die ,vas5 /eh5 d] ,auffhrungszeit d] ,m$eia s nahe1 dass sie d5 ,w]? direct] ,zeugnisse beanspru*5 drf5#bhd4 ,?is explanation is unnecess>y1 =1 z we h already po9t$ out1 ! vase pa9t]s gave less he$ to ! subject-matt] & ! details ( ! traditional types ?an to ! g5]al effect & dramatic arrangem5t4 ,x 0 possible to d\ble ! dramatic effect "h ?r\gh ! introduction ( ! bride's bro!r1 & ! pa9t] did n hesitate to place him on ! vase1 al?\gh ! poet did n ref] to him4 ,! onw>d ru% ( ?is f9ely drawn figure1 ) 8 *lamys flutt]+ 9 ! w9d1 has altoge!r a dramatic air & br+s "o to feel t ! !atrical elem5t1 s mu* 9 ! backgr\nd 9 ! fif? c5tury ,b4,c41 _h tak5 possession ( ! f\r? c5tury "w#bhe4 ,x is surpris+ to f9d ) :at p]si/5cy c]ta9 s*ol>s refuse su* additions z incompatible ) ! dep5d5ce ( ! "w on a giv5 lit]>y s\rce4 ,if ! arti/ has done m ?an illu/rate1 all relation%ip betwe5 him & ! poet is d5i$4 ,b let u turn to a fam\s "w :]e illu/ration pure & simple is meant1 & we %all discov] t if "o foll[s ev5 !re ?is mode ( criticism1 ! poet & ! draw+ :i* is meant to illu/rate him w h to be divorc$4 ,i ref] to ,botticelli's draw+s = ,dante's ,div9a ,comm$ia#bhf4 ,ea* draw+ is int5d$ to br+ out ! ev5ts ( ! canto to :i* x is devot$1 & s "o expects only ! incid5ts ( "o canto to appe> 9 "o draw+4 ,! illu/ration = ! ,inf]no1 canto ii1 repres5ts ,beatrice sw++ upw>d 9 ! air1 to :om ,virgil is po9t+ & call+ ,dante's att5tion4 ,?is is all a pure inv5tion ( ! arti/ z ,beatrice is simply m5tion$ 9 ! text1 & n at all ?\ght ( z pres5t or appe>+ to ! two pilgrims4 ,_h ,botticelli !n "s o!r /ory 9 m9d1 & 0 !re ano!r v]sion ( ,dante ?an t :i* we h8 ,c]ta9ly n4 ,! arti/1 al?\gh 9 ?is place engag$ z a m]e illu/rator1 read 8 own notions into ,dante & put !m into 8 draw+4 ,aga91 ev5 on ! same plate1 ! entrance to ! ,inf]no is %[n ) ! words p] me ov] ! door4 ,?is sc5e belongs to canto iii1 :]e 9 fact ,botticelli aga9 introduces x4 ,if1 !re=e1 ! ?ird canto & ! draw+ t belongs to x _h nev] rea*$ u b we did possess canto ii & its illu/ration1 h[ w\ld ! critics :o read ! ,greek vases z we h indicat$1 dispose ( ,botticelli & 8 fai?fulness to ,dante8 ,!y w\ld all decl>e t ! fam\s pa9t] mu/ h _h ano!r text :i* he foll[$4 ,& s "o may g on multiply+ in/ances 9 ?is "o "w to %[ t an arti/1 ev5 :5 he set out to foll[ ! poet1 0 n able to d s#bhg4 ,!re are also among ! ,pompeian wall pa9t+s#bhh "s t are m]e illu/rations & are 9 ! _s ( ?is sort ( "w1 & yet !y %[ v>i\s peculi> *anges & additions contr>y to ! epigrams on :i* !y are bas$4 ,"o is to rememb] !re=e t 9 ! vase pa9t+s1 :]e a m indep5d5t =m ( art is f\nd ?an 9 illu/rations1 a lib]ty 9 add+ or omitt+ figures1 t may (t5 di/urb ! =m ( ! my?1 is to be all[$4 ,to select "o example f _m3 ,euphronios#bhi on ! ,eury/heus kylix repres5ts ,/h5elos & 8 wife z pres5t :5 ,h]akles br+s ! bo> & is ab\t to drop x into ! ci/]n :]e ,eury/heus has tak5 refuge4 ,t ! latt] 0 k+ & _h impos$ ! lab\rs on ,h]akles1 0 pro( en\gh t ,/h5elos 0 already dead4 ,h[ !n did ,euphronios d>e to place him on ! vase8 ,evid5tly because he took little he$ ( ! exactitude = :i* mod]n s*ol>s w\ld call him & o!rs ( 8 trade to acc\nt4 ,! old nurse :o obs]v$ ! fir/ signs ( h] mi/ress' prec>i\s condition-- 444 7vs4 #aaga-gc7--or "o ( ! num]\s att5dants pres5t 7v4 #aagf7 may be recogniz$ 9 ! figure to ! "r f ,hippotes4 ,p]haps ?is is m correctly ! "o :o broke away to convey ! sad news to ,jason-- 1 7vs4 #aagh f474 ,?is p]son ) ! matronly air always occurs on ! s>cophagi1 b 9 ! sc5e :]e ! two boys are h&+ ov] ! gifts to ,kreusa#bij4 ,! position ( ! p$agogue on ! opposite side is n s incongru\s z _m h ?\ght4 ,!re is really no reason = consid]+ him a sort ( connect+ l9k betwe5 ! middle & l[] sections1 z ,rob]t has done#bia4 ,let u foll[ ! p$agogue & ! boys ?r\gh ! play4 ,at vs4 #df f4 ( ! prologue ! nurse reports ! latt] z return+ f _! sport-- --& 9 vs4 #hi ff4 %e ord]s !m inside ! palace1 '1 1 1 1 & comm&s ! p$agogue to keep !m at a safe di/ance f _! "m1 ' ' 1 4 ,at v4 #aje ! ?ree disappe> & no?+ m is he>d ( !m till ,m$eia1 :o is address+ ,jason & ! *orus1 cries out 9 v4 #hid-- 1 1 1 1 '4 ,h]eupon ! boys appe> 9 ! or*e/ra1 unaccompani$ by _! p$agogue1 & rema9 ) ,m$eia & ,jason till vs4 #ifi ff41 :]e _! "m h&s !m ! gifts & bids !m g1 7v4 #igd71 to ,kreusa & place ! same 9 h] h&s4 ,!y !n dep>t ) _! fa!r & deliv] ! pres5ts 9 ! mann] aft]w>ds describ$ by ! mess5g] 7vs4 #aacf-aaee71 & 9 company ) ,jason leave ,kreusa's ap>tm5ts4 ,j outside some:]e ! p$agogue jo9s !m & appe>s ) ! *ildr5 9 ! or*e/ra to in=m ,m$eia t h] sons h be5 p>don$ 7vs4 #ajjb ff474 ,imm$iately !reaft] %e ord]s ! p$agogue to g inside1 444 ' ' 4 vs4 #ajai f4 ,z he re-ent]s ! palace ! t]rible news rea*es him1 ?r\gh1 "o ( ! female att5dants1 t ,kreusa is possess$ ) "s /range malady4 ,x is at ?is juncture1 dramatic 9 ! extreme1 t1 z x seems to me1 ! vase pa9t] ?\ght ( ! p$agogue4 ,! latt] has =gott5 ,m$eia's comm& to arrange ! boys' program = ! day & is det]m9$ to g to ! ap>tm5ts :5ce comes ! great al>m4 ,! att5dant1 h[ev]1 endeav\rs to dissuade him1 & ! arti/ has ev5 repres5t$ h] 9 ! attempt to det] ! /urdy old p$agogue f c>ry+ out 8 resolution4 ,:ile all ?is is happ5+ )9 ! palace1 ,m$eia gives expression to ! great battle t is go+ on 9 h] bosom4 ,! spee* is "o ( ! f9e/ 9 ,euripides4 ,%all %e n[ g ahead & kill h] *ildr51 or is ! c\rage lack+8 ,%e f9ally bids !m ent] ! h\se 1 1 7vs4 #ajec & #ajgf71 & soon foll[s !m4 ,! dea?-cries ( vs4 #abga ff4 are he>d n long aft]w>ds4 ,we h !re=e no reason to inf] f any?+ 9 ,euripides t ! p$agogue ev] met ! boys aga94 ,! fact t he is s (t5 repres5t$ 9 ! dea?-sc5e#bib is simply due to ! fancy ( ! arti/s4 ,x is natural to ?9k ( him 9 company ) ! boys4 ,! vase pa9t] has 9 ! pres5t in/ance %[n u ! :]eab\ts ( ! p$agogue :5 ! poet _h pass$ him by4 ,! l[] section1 :i* repres5ts ! ev5ts directly succe$+ ^? 9 ! "o j consid]$1 completes ! dread v5geance "w ( ,m$eia4 ,! arti/ _h an opportunity "h to foll[ l>gely 8 own notions 9 dispos+ ( ! details1 = 9 ! la/ mom5ts :5 horror foll[$ close ^u horror1 & ! royal h\se ( ,cor9? 0 %ak+ to its f\ndations1 ,euripides hurries u on ) great rapidity & omits _m ( ! p>ticul>s4 ,m$eia moves ) resi/less fury ?r\gh ! la/ "p ( ! bloody drama1 till %e at la/ disappe>s ^u h] *>iot4 ,:at 0 ! vase pa9t] to d ) all ?is8 ,x is pla9 t he felt himself compell$ to comb9e1 = great] effect1 diff]5t mom5ts4 ,m$eia ent]s ! palace aft] ! triumphant address 9 vs4 #abcf-abej1 & a mom5t lat] ! cries ( ! boys are he>d )94 ,jason1 ar\s$ by ! ru9 wr\ght ^u ,kreusa1 sudd5ly appe>s & asks :]e ,m$eia is1 & rem>ks t he mu/ save 8 sons f ! fury ( ! populace 7vs4 #abic-acje74 ,he at once le>ns ! :ole tru?1 & ord]s t ! palace doors be ?r[n op5 t he may behold ! sc5e ( murd]4 ,m$eia appe>s !n on h] *>iot1 roll$ out ^u ! ekkyklema4 ,%e /&s ?us dur+ ! f9al dialogue ) ,jason 7vs4 #acag-adjd7 till %e disappe>s by ! aid ( ! ,flugmas*9e#bic4 ,f ^! elem5ts ! vase pa9t] select$ ! murd] sc5e1 :i*1 n be+ describ$ by ,euripides1 c\ld be repres5t$ 9 any mann] t /ruck 8 fancy4 ,he made ?is ! c5tre ab\t :i* all else 0 gr\p$2 all eyes are turn$ ^u ,m$eia & ! alt>4 ,9 ?is disposition ( ! matt] o!r details _h to be sacrific$4 ,! *>iot1 :i* c\ld n be want+1 _h to h a *>iote]1 & z ,m$eia 0 n ready to m\nt x h]self1 ! p]sonification ( ! ,m$eia-_s is ! natural figure t ! arti/ w\ld select4 ,jason1 aga91 to omit :om w\ld h be5 unp>donable1 _h to be pa9t$ 9 ! act ( rescu+ or attempt+ ! rescue ( 8 sons4 ,s we see t ! ?ree mom5ts disc]nible 9 ! poet1 7a7 ! murd]1 7b7 ,jason's appe>ance to save ! boys1 7c7 ! *>iot & ! escape ( ,m$eia1 are all work$ toge!r by ! arti/ into a /rong complex4 ,"o feels no incongruity 9 ! picture1 & is =c$ to agree to a l>ge am\nt ( success t ! arti/ has enjoy$ "h4 ,s9ce ! p$agogue appe>s 9 ! sc5e above1 ! arti/ uses "o ( ! ev] conv5i5t doryphoroi z a companion to ! boys or r z rescu] ( "o ( !m#bid4 ,x is immat]ial :e!r ! pa9t] int5d$ to repres5t ! "o boy z actually out ( dang] or n4 ,a great _m useless words h be5 sp5t 9 try+ to %[ t ! vase pa9t] has "h foll[$ a tradition ref]r$ to by ,diodorus ,siculus#bie1 :o relates t "o *ild escap$-- 4 ,?is is n only highly improbable#bif1 b1 m ?an t1 speaks = a sup]ficial read+ ( ,diodorus on ! "p ( ^? :o use ?is quotation4 ,x appe>s t no?+ m ( ! *apt] _h be5 read ?an x 0 necess>y to quote4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 :at c above ref] to if n to m ?an "o1 & !re=e to at lea/ two8 ,b :]e ^u our vase or ^u any o!r monum5t does ,m$eia appe> ) ?ree *ildr5#big8 ,x w\ld seem1 !re=e1 t1 because ! vase pa9t] drew ! sc5e z he did1 ?is v inapt quotation is br\ght out to bol/] up an unnecess>y !ory4 ,is x necess>y to conclude ) num]\s s*ol>s t ,oi/ros ^u ! *>iot repres5ts "o ( ,pollux's 7iv4 #ada78 ,does our pa9t+ necess>ily g back to "s trag$y 9 :i* ! p]sonification1 ,oi/ros1 appe>s be=e ! audi5ce z ,m$eia's *>iote]8 ,x has already be5 po9t$ out t ! mom5t :i* ! vase pa9t] *ose to repres5t nev] 0 visible 9 ! !atre ( ,euripides4 ,:at happ5$ be=e ! palace doors 7 unb>r$1 9 v4 #acad1 c\ld be pa9t$ 9 a hundr$ diff]5t ways1 & /ill be inspir$ by ! poet f v4 #abga to v4 #acaf4 ,x is true t ,euripides does n m5tion 1 mu* less z ,m$eia's *>iote]4 ,:at ne$ _h he to introduce any p]sonification ( h] rage & fury to guide ! *>iot1 :51 at ! fir/ glimpse ( x 9 v4 #acag1 ,m$eia manages x h]self8 ,any "o :o ?or\ghly works himself into ! situation t ! pa9t] has %[n ^u ! vase _c help see+ t ,m$eia's d\ble1 h] burn+ & infuriat$ b>b>ian wildness1 ! _s %[n 9 vs4 #abcf-abej1 0 a natural & easy subject = embodim5t "u ! "n 4 ,?is p]sonification is n met ) 9 ,euripides1 & has naturally caus$ mu* /umbl+4 ,x %\ld1 h[ev]1 be comp>$ ) 1 ) :i* x has mu* 9 common4 ,ore/es says to ,pylades1 7i4 e4 ! ,furies7 ' '#bih1 & two v]ses fur!r on1 4 ,?us ! use ( ! caus$ 4 ,! /ep to ! p]sonification ( a figure ,oi/ros w\ld easily foll[ f "s su* developm5t z ?is1 & ,i hold bo? words to cov] ! cause & effect 9 ! case m5tion$4 ,z ,lyssa 0 a fav\rite figure ) ,euripides1 we may exam9e /ill ano!r place :]e ! rle t %e plays is mu* ! same z t :i* ,oi/ros takes 9 ! pa9t+4 ,9 ,h]4 ,fur4 vs4 #hhj ff41 ! *orus describes ,lyssa z travell+ ^u a *>iot#bii4 1 ' 1#cjj #cja 4 ,"h at lea/ "o has adequate evid5ce t ! vase pa9t] did n pa9t an unkn[n sc5e1 ev5 ?\gh he did pref] to call 8 figure #cjb4 ,! %ade ( ,aetes#cjc1 a pure inv5tion ( ! arti/1 has be5 held to ref] to a po/-,euripidean trag$y4 ,"o f9ds su* p$antic +5uity us$ 9 expla9+ ?is figure t ! w\ld-be-le>n$ness bord]s ^u ! ridicul\s4 ,x is affirm$1 = example1 t some:]e x mu/ h be5 /at$ = ! vase pa9t] t ,aetes _h di$ s9ce ,m$eia left him#cjd4 ,h[ f>1 pray1 did vase pa9t]s conc]n !mselves ab\t su* po9ts ( *ronology or sequ5ce ( ev5ts8 ,we h already po9t$ out 9 reg>d to ^! arti/s t !y introduc$ & omitt$ *>act]s j z !y *ose2 & especially is ?is true 9 reg>d to su* side-figures z ,aetes is "h4 ,!n aga91 :y is any lit]>y s\rce necess>y to prove ! old man's dea?8 ,x 0 b ! natural c\rse ( ev5ts t ! pa9t] foll[$ :5 he conclud$ t ,aetes 0 among ! %ades4 ,x is absurd to require "s pro( t ! unlucky k+ _h1 )9 ! long p]iod ( ,m$eia's abs5ce1 pass$ into ! _w ( spirits4 ,x seems to me t !re are two views t c adequately expla9 ?is addition to ! picture1 & ) ei!r "o 9 m9d ! vase pa9t] w\ld h ne$$ no po/-,euripidean "w or pa9t+ b simply ! ,m$eia trag$y to inspire him4 ,rob]t#cje po9t$ to vs4 #ca ff4 ( ! prologue z furni%+ p]haps ! sugge/ion = ?is figure1 b t is b a small "p ( ! :ole sugge/ion1 & x is well to foll[ ?is note :i* recurs 9 _m places1 & is1 to my m9d1 a v important "p ( ! ,euripidean conception ( ,m$eia4 ,i give h]e) ! v>i\s places :]e ?is elem5t may be discov]$4 ' '1 ' 4 vs4 #ca f4 1 1 4 vs4 #aff f4 ' 4 v4 #dhc4 1 2 vs4 #ejb f4 ' ' 4 vs4 #hjj f4 ,^! repeat$ allusions to h] fa!r & h] =m] home seem to me to express 9 a /rong mann] :at ! pa9t] *ose to develop into ! gho/-figure4 ,aetes appe>s "h to behold ! retribution t is ov]tak+ ,jason2 & 8 p>ticipation 9 ! fe>ful trag$y emphasizes ! secret p[] 9 ,m$eia1 h] sorc]y1 & h] *>iot4 ,! arti/ read betwe5 ! l9es & discov]$ ! _s ( ! poet1 & ?is he has successfully reproduc$4 ,a simil> in/ance 0 not$ 9 ! lib]ty assum$ by ,botticelli 9 includ+ ,beatrice 9 ! second plate to ! ,inf]no#cjf4 ,9 ! second place ! emphasizes ! b>b>ic elem5t 9 ! ,m$eia-,jason hi/ory1 & impresses ! behold] ) ! work+s ( b>b>ism v]sus ,hell5ism4 ,?is *ord is1 moreov]1 cont9u\sly /ruck by ,euripides#cjg4 ,! poet endeav\rs f fir/ to la/ to keep up ! ke5e/ di/9ction betwe5 ,greece & ,kol*is1 betwe5 ,jason's family & t ( ,aetes4 ,!re 01 moreov]1 an opportunity1 9 introduc+ ?is ori5tal k+1 to add features /rik+ly *>act]i/ic ( ! ,apulian vase pa9t+s#cjh4 ,! elegance & display ( co/ume peculi> to ! ,p]sian & ,asia ,m9or k+s 7 attractive = an arti/1 & ! introduction ( ,aetes' %ade 0 a happy inv5tion t w5t f> t[>ds mak+ ! deep] mean+ ( ! poet pla94 ,! deities1 :o1 z spectators1 are an important "p ( ! pa9t+s on s _m ,l[] ,italy vases1 are arrang$ 9 ! upp] section4 ,!y ne$ n h any p>ticul> connexion ) ! incid5ts be=e !m4 ,! ,olympian sympa?y ) e>?ly affairs 0 a fav\rite !me ) ! arti/s ( ! "t1 & a satisfactory numb] ( p>ticipat+ div9ities is usually add$ :]e important ev5ts occur4 ,h]akles & ,a!na seem to be b indiff]5tly int]e/$ 9 :at is happ5+ bel[ !m1 al?\gh ! =m] 0 intimately associat$ ) ! ,argonautic exp$ition#cji1 & ! latt] 0 ! promot] ( ! ent]prise#caj4 ,! ,diosk\roi1 :o likewise took a l>ge "p 9 ! adv5tures ( ! voyage1 are fitly repres5t$ "h#caa4 ,!y are1 h[ev]1 giv+ no he$ to ! trag$y4 ,x is en\gh if ! pa9t] has recall$ = u ! fam\s voyage & %[n u ! prelude1 z x 71 to ! drama play$ 9 ! two l[] sections4 ,! panorama ( ,jason & ,m$eia's life toge!r passes be=e u 9 di/9ct sc5es4 ,by pa9t+ ! p>ticipants 9 ! exp$ition & also ! %ade ( ,aetes ! arti/ has height5$ ! effect ( ! d\ble trag$y :i* ! poet made fam\s4 ,su* is ! pa9t+ on ?is celebrat$ amphora1 :i* ,i d n hesitate to call ,euripidean4 ,ano!r monum5t :i* also %[s ,kreusa's dea? is a vase f ,pom>ico1 n[ 9 ,naples#cab4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bd4 ,kreusa has fall5 f ! t occupies ! middle ( ! sc5e1 & 9 a half-sitt+ po/ure ^u ! floor endeav\rs to remove ! head-dress4 ,be=e h] is ! op5 box 9 :i* ! pres5ts 7 br\ght4 ,a mirror hangs on ! wall4 ,%e is dress$ 9 ! ,ionic *iton ) mantle2 has e>r+s & "o bracelet4 ,%e />es at ,kreon1 :o hurries t[>d h] ) out/ret*$ "r h&4 ,he has ! sceptre 9 ! left h&1 is be>d$1 bald1 & we>s a *iton :i* has slipp$ d[n to 8 wai/4 ,to ! left a female figure ru%es away en face1 &1 wat*+ ,kreusa1 makes ! ge/ures ( "o t]ror-/rick54 ,%e is dress$ l ! latt] except ! e>r+s & necklace4 ,jahn call$ h] a companion ( ,kreusa1 consid]+ t if %e 7 ,m]ope ( ! ,muni* vase %e w\ld be approa*+ h] daught] & n leav+ h]4 ,i pref] to see 9 ?is figure "o ( ! att5dants :o 9 vs4 #aagg ff4 spread ! news4 ,x is true t ! appe>ance ( ! figure is t ( a m important p]sonage ?an a s]vant4 ,! latt] are n usually repres5t$ we>+ jewell]y & f9e co/umes1 & yet ! att5dant on ! ,muni* vase1 :o is endeav\r+ to div]t ! p$agogue1 is q z ri*ly dress$4 ,9 ! pres5t in/ance1 h[ev]1 ! draw+ is v c>eless & ! workman%ip is ( an inf]ior sort4 ,i believe1 !re=e1 t ! arti/ ei!r did n "k ! fitness ( ?+s1 or else took no pa9s to indicate t ?is figure 0 a s]vant or att5dant4 ,:5 he _h once drawn su* a mis]able k+ z ,kreon is1 hobbl+ along 9 a ridicul\s mann]1 he might well h slipp$ into ! o!r extreme ( pa9t+ a nurse 9 a lady's g>b4 ,! sc5e is bas$ ^u ! mess5g]'s spee*1 vs4 #aagf ff4 ,! p$agogue on ! "r1 :o is hurry+ away ! two boys wrapp$ 9 cloaks1 is a rem9isc5ce ( vs4 #aaeg ff4 :]e ! fa!r1 ,jason1 goes away ) !m4 4 ,! w+$ ,fury sitt+ 9 ! upp] "r-h& corn] obs]v+ ! sc5e might well be expect$ z a spectator4 ,! sugge/ion = h] may be f\nd 9 ' ' ' 4 vs4 #abei f4 ,! murd] ( ! boys inside ( ! palace is pa9t$ on a ,nolan amphora 9 ! ,cab9et des ,mdailles 9 ,p>is#cac4 ,m$eia 9 ,greek dress & ,phrygian cap has sla9 "o boy1 :o lies ov] ! alt>1 ei!r extremity t\*+ ! floor4 ,%e /&s1 en face1 ) ! o!r *ild grasp$ fa/ by ! hair4 ,?is h& also holds ! sword4 ,9 h] left1 /ret*$ out beh9d ! alt>1 is ! %ea?4 ,! arti/ d\btless _h 9 m9d ! words :i* ! *orus he>d 9 vs4 #abga ff4-- 1 2 2 '1 ' 4 ,9 ! upp] "r-h& corn] ! p$agogue appe>s1 c>ry+ an oil-cruse 9 8 left h&4 ,8 "r is rais$ to 8 head4 ,a wrea? & two fillets po9t to ! sanctu>y4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #be4 ,ano!r ,canosa vase 9 ,naples#cad1 al?\gh furni%+ a free h&l+ ( ,m$eia's escape1 is /ill an important witness = ! *>iot & its actual appe>ance 9 ! production ( ! trag$y4 ,9 ?is p>ticul> ! pa9t+ is ,euripidean4 ,m$eia 9 rapid flight ^u h] dragon-*>iot holds ! re9s 9 h] left h& & ! corn] ( h] mantle 9 ! "r4 ,h] dress is ! cu/om>y "o = *>iote]s4 ,on ! gr\nd by ! :eels "o boy lies dead2 ! o!r is said to be visible on ! orig9al1 inside ( ! *>iot z on ! s>cophagi4 ,! sword is also on ! gr\nd4 ,%e is pursu$ by ?ree y\?s1 "o on horseback1 ,jason 7871 & two on foot4 ,!y all c>ry spe>s1 & ea* has a *lamys4 ,! middle "o also we>s a pilos & has a %ield4 ,9 front ( ! *>iot is ,lyssa 787 ) a sword 9 ! "r h&1 & /aff or 787 9 ! left4 ,%e has an ,artemis co/ume ) a mantle4 ,gallop+ ahead to lead ! way is ,sel5e1 seat$ z usual on h] horse4 ,! pa9t+ is poorly pres]v$1 b ! ma9 "p is suffici5tly pla94 ,! arti/ foll[$ ! traditional mann] ( ,m$eia's flight4 #aj4 ,,pho9issai4 ,! ,pho9issai 9 common ) ! ,septem ( ,ais*ylos deals ) ! well-kn[n /ory ( ! attack ( ,polyneikes & 8 support]s on ,!bes4 ,! ev5ts connect$ ) ?is w> c be trac$ all ?r\gh ,greek & ,roman lit]ature & art#cae4 ,we h "h to d ) a relief cup1 :i* illu/rates ,euripides' v]sion ( ! combat4 ,x possesses1 l ! o!r #8,meg>ian ,b[ls' discuss$ 9 ! pres5t "w1 a value s unique = ! /udy ( our poet t x may /& beside any vase pa9t+ 9 assi/+ u 9 ! /udy ( ! drama's influ5ce ^u art4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bf 7vid4 p4 #agj f474 ,! cup %[n 9 fig4 #bg is ( r$1 unglaz$ w>e1 & is said to h be5 f\nd 9 ,!bes#caf4 ,! foll[+ figures may be disc]n$4 ,on ! left ,teiresias1 1 c>ry+ a b\gh & l$ by 8 daught] ,manto1 1 approa*es ,kreon1 1 :o kneels be=e ! ag$ se]4 ,!y are bo? be>d$1 & ! latt] we>s a long *iton4 ,next foll[s ,polyneikes1 1 & ,eteokles1 1 9 full arm\r1 engag$ 9 _! fatal fight4 ,!be1 1 hold+ 9 h] h& a sceptre1 sits ^u a rock wat*+ ! sight4 ,! mess5g]1 1 we>+ a %ort *iton & *lamys1 /&s by ,ioka/e1 444 1 be=e ! palace f :i* ,antigone1 1 has come4 ,! latt] raises h] h& 9 a/oni%m5t4 ,! wom5 bo? we> long *itons4 ,la/ly1 on ! "r1 ,antigone appe>s be=e ,kreon1 inscriptions 9 ea* case1 9 a supplicat+ attitude4 ,t ,kreon might "k def9itely h[ matt]s 7 to t]m9ate1 he _h s5t = ,teiresias4 ,! latt] makes 8 appe>ance 9 v4 #hcd-- 1 1 1 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bg 7vid4 p4 #agc ff474 & s "o sees him "h be=e ,kreon4 ,8 daught] has br\ght him z he wi%$1 & n[ /&s beh9d him1 :ile ! se] discloses ! t]rible mis=tune :i* mu/ visit ,kreon be=e success c cr[n ! ,!ban arms4 ,! son ,m5oikeus1 :o is pres5t 9 ,euripides1 has be5 left out ( ! gr\p4 ,! mess5g] soon appe>s & calls = ,ioka/e4 '1 1 4 v4 #ajgj4 ,%e does he>1 & comes f ! palace & le>ns ev]y?+ ab\t ! attack ?us f>1 & h[ ! diff]5t h]oes on ea* side 7 arm$4 ,to h] special inquiry reg>d+ h] two sons ! mess5g] replies 9 detail 7vs4 #abag ff474 ' 4 vs4 #abdb f4 1 ' 1 ' ' 4 vs4 #abdf f4 ,b ?is is be=e ! battle4 ,!y 7 wait+ = ! ^w f ! prie/s :o exam9$ ! entrails ( ! victims4 ,! second mess5g] br+s ! acc\nt ( ! engagem5t prop]1 & ?is is :at ! arti/ seiz$ ^u#cag4 ' 1 ' 1 4 vs4 #acgi ff4 ,?is is ! mom5t :i* ! relief repres5ts4 ,_! spe>s h cla%$1 & ea* is /ill safe beh9d ! good circumf]5ce ( 8 %ield4 ,ioka/e1 mu* di/urb$ at ! critical situation describ$ by ! mess5g]1 det]m9es to call ,antigone & ru% to ! battle-field to reconcile ! bro!rs1-- 1 '1 1 4 v4 #abfd4 %e cries1 & ,antigone at once appe>s & asks-- '1 1 2 vs4 #abgj f4 ,! situation is dramatically told on ! vase4 ,! palace doors are /ill op51 & ,antigone /&s a/oni%$ be=e h] "m4 ,no soon] has ,kreon le>n$ ! result ( ! battle ?an he passes an edict bani%+ ! bl9d ,o$ipus f ! l&4 ,! fai?ful daught] comes to int]c$e = h] fa!r & ! sc5e is describ$ 9 vs4 #aeci-afhb4 ,! arti/ has seiz$ ^u ?is situation1 b has omitt$ ,o$ipus4 ,antigone b[s be=e ! new k+1 :o /&s ) 8 arms fold$ li/5+ placidly to ! supplications4 ' 2 vs4 #afdd f4 ,?is is ! mom5t :i* ! la/ gr\p repres5ts4 ,! p]sonification ( ,!bes occupy+ ! c5tral field & presid+1 z x 71 ov] ! de/9ies ( ! capital1 ext5ds ! sett+ ( ! poet & adds n a little to ! int]e/ ( ! picture4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bh ,!re exi/s1 rem>kable en\gh1 a small fragm5t ( ano!r cup1 :i* mu/ h be5 mu* l ! "o j discuss$4 ,x is %[n 9 fig4 #bh1 & jo9s on well to ! la/ sc5e 9 fig4 #bg1 fill+ out ! gap made by ! omission ( ,o$ipus#cah4 ,we see ! /oop+ & ag$ figure ( ! =m] k+1 9 long *iton1 feel+ 8 way along or be+ l$ by "s "o4 ,! inscription r5d]s ev]y?+ pla94 4 ,! un=tunate ,o$ipus' doom is seal$1 & he ent]s ) ,antigone ^u 8 p]man5t bani%m5t1 b he w be l$ to ,ioka/e t he may embrace h] once m1 ev5 ?\gh %e is n[ a corpse2 1 4 v4 #afic4 ,at ?is mom5t ! arti/ conceiv$ 8 figure1 & t "o might n mi/ake its mean+ he wrote above x :o ! p]son 0 & :at ! sc5e meant4 ,"h1 !n1 9 ?is bit ( pot%]d1 "o c see & /udy ! work+s ( t awful curse :i* bla/$ ! h\se ( ,labdakos & s5t ! mis]able ,o$ipus to w&] #8bl9d amid/ ! blaze ( noon4' #aa4 ,,supplem5t>y4 ,!re rema9s /ill a numb] ( vase pa9t+s t h be5 ref]r$ to c]ta9 ( ,euripides' extant plays4 ,x w be se5 t ,i h n be5 able to conv9ce myself ( _! ,euripidean "*1 & h !re=e n includ$ !m 9 ! numb] ( publi%$ pa9t+s4 ,! foll[+ li/ gives ! mo/ important vases ( ?is class4 ,no discussion accompanies !m1 z !y seem to me to pres5t difficulties t preclude _! relation to extant trag$ies4 ,alke/is4 #a4 ,etruscan amphora1 no4 #gbh 9 ! ,cab9et des ,mdailles1 ,p>is4 ,pub4 z frontispiece to ,d5nis' ,cities & ,cemet]ies ( ,etruria1 vol4 ii4 ,ar*4 ,ztg4 #ahfc1 pl4 #ahj4 #c4 ,&roma*e4 #a4 ,amphora1 ,brit4 ,mus41 cat4 iii4 ,e #aee4 ,pub4 ,ra\l-,ro*ette1 ,mon4 9d4 pl4 #dj4 #b2 cf4 ,vogel1 ,sc54 eur4 ,trag4 p4 #ada f41 & ,ar*4 ,ztg4 #ahhj1 p4 #ahi4 ,elektra4 #a4 ,sl5d] ,campanian amphora1 ,b]l94 ,pub4 ,ar*4 ,anz4 #ahij1 p4 #ij1 no4 #g2 cf4 loc4 cit4 ,! int]pretation giv5 expla9s ! sc5e z repres5t+ ,ore/es slay+ ,aigi/hos4 ,?is 0 done1 h[ev]1 n at a sanctu>y or 9 ! op51 z "h1 b 9 ! palace :]e ,aigi/hos1 ,ore/es1 & ,pylades 7 engag$ 9 ! slaught]+ ( ox54 ,at v4 #gij !y _h ent]$ ! palace4 ,h]akles ,fur5s4 #a4 ,! ,as/eas vase 9 ,madrid4 ,pub4 ,wi5] ,vorlegebltt]1 s]4 ,b1 pl4 #a ,mon4 d4 ,in/4 viii4 #aj2 cf4 ,hirzel1 ,annali d4 ,in/4 #ahfd1 p4 #cbc ff43 ,krte1 ,ueb] ,p]sonification5 psy*ologis*] ,affekte1 p4 #ah f41 & ,vogel1 op4 cit4 p4 #adc4 ,hippolytos4 #a4 ,amphora4 ,attic fabric1 cir4 #dbj ,b4,c4 ,b]l91 vid4 ,ar*4 ,anz4 #ahij1 p4 #hi4 #b4 ,leky?os f ,pae/um1 n[ 9 ,naples1 no4 #bijj4 ,pub4 ,re9a*-,mill+51 ,pe9tures1 #da lite ,cram4 iv4 #hg4 ,ion4 #a4 ,nolan vase 9 ,cassel4 ,pub4 ,ar*4 ,ztg4 #aheb1 pl4 #cg2 cf4 ,furtwngl]1 ,sammlung ,sab\r(f1 ,vas51 ,e9leitung1 p4 #ad1 note #ab2 ,vogel1 op4 cit4 p4 #ade4 #b4 ,pa9t+ on a f\r? c5t4 krat]4 ,pub4 lite ,cram4 ii4 #gf a2 cf4 ,furtwngl]1 op4 cit4 p4 #ad4 #c4 ,an ,oxybaphon 9 ! ,l\vre4 ,pub4 lite ,cram4 ii4 #hh a ,re9a*-,mill94 op4 cit4 i4 #df ,mll]-,wiesel]1 ,d5kml] d4 a4 ,kun/4 ii4 #adb2 cf4 ,furtwngl]1 loc4 cit4 ,iphig5eia at ,aulis4 #a4 ,lucanian krat]1 ,brit4 ,mus41 cat4 iv4 ,f #aei4 ,pub4 ,ov]beck1 ,bildw]ke1 pl4 #ad4 #i ,wi5] ,vorlegebltt]1 s]4 #e1 pl4 #i4 #c ,+hirami1 ,vasi fitt4 iii4 pl4 #bea2 cf4 ,vogel1 op4 cit4 p4 #aaf4 ,euripides' ,lo/ ,plays4 ,! foll[+ li/ includes mo/ ( ! pa9t+s ref]r$ to ! lo/ trag$ies4 ,:]e x has seem$ to me d\btful ab\t ! ,euripidean "* ( ! sc5es ,i h pref]r$ to omit m5tion ( !m altoge!r4 ,aiolos4 #a4 ,canosa hydria 9 ,b>i4 ,! %\ld] decoration only is pub4 ,ar*4 ,ztg4 #ahhc1 pl4 #g4 #a2 cf4 p4 #ea ff4 & ,furtwngl]1 ,ma/]pieces1 p4 #aji4 ,! latt] ?9ks ! pa9t+ is f ! fif? c5t4 ,b4,c4 ,vid4 also ,vogel1 op4 cit4 p4 #bh ff4 ,alkm5e4 #a4 ,bell-%ap$ krat]1 sign$ by ,py?on n[ 9 ! ,brit4 ,mus41 cat4 iv4 ,f #adi4 ,pub4 ,j4 ,h4 ,s4 #ahij1 pl4 #f2 cf4 ibid4 p4 #bbe ff4 #b4 ,amphora f ,capua4 ,brit4 ,mus41 cat4 iv4 ,f #aic4 ,pub4 ,annali d4 ,in/4 #ahgb1 pl4 ,a4 ,cf4 ibid4 p4 #a ff4 ,on bo? pa9t+s ,alkm5e sitt+ on an alt> appeals to ,zeus aga9/ ,amphitryon4 ,cf4 ,vogel1 op4 cit4 p4 #cd4 ,&rom$a4 #a4 ,krat] f ,capua4 ,b]l91 no4 #cbcg4 ,cf4 ,ar*4 ,anz4 #ahic1 p4 #ia1 f4 no4 #ej4 ,pub4 & discuss$ by ,be!1 ,jahrbu*1 #ahif1 p4 #bib ff4 & pl4 #b2 cf4 ,be!'s ,prolegom5a zur ,ges*i*te des ,!at]s im ,alt]tum1 p4 #cbj1 #ccj1 & p4 #ce above4 #b4 ,amphora f ,canosa4 ,naples1 no4 #cbbe4 ,pub4 ,m9]v9i1 ,memorie accademi*e1 pl4 #a-c2 cf4 ,vogel1 p4 #ci4 #c4 ,amphora 9 ,naples1 no4 #gjh1 ,museo ,s4 ,angelo4 ,pub4 ,mon4 d4 ,in/4 ix4 #ch2 cf4 ,annali d4 ,in/4 #ahgb1 p4 #ajh f41 & ,vogel1 op4 cit4 p4 #da4 #d4 ,hydria f ,anzi 9 ! ,basilicata4 ,brit4 ,mus41 cat4 iv4 ,f #ahe2 cf4 ,vogel1 p4 #db4 ,c4 ,antigone4 #a4 ,ruvo amphora4 ,jatta coll4 no4 #dbc4 ,pub4 ,ar*4 ,ztg4 #ahga1 pl4 #dj4 #b1 & by ,heydemann1 ,ueb] e9e na*euripideis*e ,tragdie1 #ahfh1 pl4 #a1 & ,mon4 d4 ,in/4 x4 #bf1 #bg4 ,poly*rome view ( :ole vase on pl4 #bf ,rayet et ,collignon1 ,hi/oire de la ,cramique grecque1 pl4 #ab1 p4 #cjj4 #b4 ,apulian amphora4 ,b]l91 no4 #cbdj4 ,pub4 ,g]h>d1 ,apulis*e ,vas5bild]1 xi ,ar*4 ,ztg4 #ahga1 pl4 #dj4 #a4 ,cf4 ,heydemann1 op4 cit4 & ,klgmann1 ,annali d4 ,in/4 #ahgf1 p4 #agc ff41 & ,vogel1 op4 cit4 p4 #ej ff4 #c4 ,fragm5t ( ,apulian amphora 9 ,c>lsruhe2 ,w9nefeld's ,bes*reibung d] ,vas5sammlung1 p4 #fb f4 ,pub4 ,ar*4 ,ztg4 #ahhd1 pl4 #ai4 b ,wi5] ,vorlegebltt]1 s]4 ,e4 #f4 #c4 ,cf4 ,w9ckl] 9 ,aus d] ,onomia1 p4 #adi ff4 ,antiope4 #a4 ,apulian krat] f\nd ne> ,syracuse4 ,b]l91 no4 #cbif4 ,pub4 ,ar*4 ,ztg4 #ahgh1 pl4 #g & #h2 cf4 ibid4 p4 #db ff1 & ,rob]t1 ,bild und ,li$1 p4 #cf2 ,vogel1 p4 #fj f4 ,bell]ophon4 #a4 ,ruvo amphora4 ,pub4 ,mon4 d4 ,in/4 iv4 #ba ,wi5] ,vorlegebltt]1 s]4 viii1 pl4 #h4 #a4 ,cf4 ,annali d4 ,in/4 #ahde1 p4 #bbg4 ,*rysippos4 #a4 ,ruvo amphora4 ,naples1 no4 #agfi4 ,pub4 ,ov]beck1 ,bildw]ke1 #a4 #b4 #b4 ,apulian amphora4 ,b]l91 no4 #cbci4 ,pub4 ,ov]beck1 op4 cit4 #a4 #a4 #c4 ,an abridgem5t ( ! =ego+4 ,pub4 ,wi5] ,vorlegebltt]1 s]4 #f1 ,,ii4 #b ,ros*]'s ,lexikon1 i4 p4 #ijc2 cf4 ,vogel1 op4 cit4 p4 #acg f4 ,hypsipyle4 #a4 ,lasimos amphora 9 ! ,l\vre4 ,pub4 ,re9a*-,mill91 ,pe9tures1 ii4 #cg ,ov]beck1 op4 cit4 pl4 #bh4 #a4 ,cf4 ,vogel1 p4 #ih f4 #b4 ,ruvo amphora4 ,naples1 no4 #cbee4 ,pub4 ,ov]beck1 ,bildw]ke1 pl4 #d4 #c ,baumei/]1 ,d5kml]1 i4 p4 #aad2 cf4 ,vogel1 p4 #ii f4 #c4 ,ruvo amphora4 ,/4 ,pet]sburg1 no4 #ebc4 ,pub4 ,ov]beck1 op4 cit4 pl4 #d4 #b2 cf4 ,vogel1 loc4 cit4 ,meleagros4 #a4 ,apulian amphora4 ,naples1 ,mus4 ,s4 ,angelo1 no4 #aa1 ,a4 ,pub4 ,ar*4 ,ztg4 #ahfg1 pl4 #bbj4 ,/h5eboia4 #a4 ,krat] 9 ,naples1 ,no4 #ahia4 ,pub4 ,annali d4 ,in/4 #ahgd1 pl4 ,a4 #b4 ,krat] 9 ,/4 ,pet]sburg1 no4 #dbg4 ,pub4 ,+hirami1 ,vasi fitt4 i4 pl4 #a-c2 cf4 ,engelmann 9 ,annali1 #ahgd1 p4 #ce f41 & ,vogel1 op4 cit4 p4 #he f4 ,telephos4 #a4 ,hydria 9 ,naples4 ,heydemann1 ,raccolta ,cumana1 no4 #ada4 ,pub4 ,ar*4 ,ztg4 #aheg1 pl4 #ajf4 #b4 ,tis*be91 ,vases d',hamilton1 ii4 #f2 cf4 ,jahn1 ,telephos und ,troilos1 p4 #dd1 & ,vogel1 op4 cit4 p4 #hi ff4 ,,index ,n4,b4--,all ref]5ces are to pages4 ,accius1 #aa4 ,ais*ylos1 au?ority (1 9 ,magna ,graecia1 #ee1 #ff1 #ha f4 (1 #hj4 /atue (1 #f4 ,agam41 #eh1 #aab4 ,*oe41 #ag1 #ba1 #dc ff41 #eh4 ,eum541 #ce1 #ee ff41 sc5es (1 #fi f4 ,iph41 #ab1 #bc4 ,lykurgeia1 #bc1 #gd4 ,niobe1 #h4 1 #ca1 note #b4 ,p5!us1 #hh1 #ia4 ,phrygians1 #gd4 ,prom41 #bg4 ,telephos1 #bc4 ,&ronicus 7,livius71 #aa1 #hb4 ,antiope1 my? (1 #i4 ,as/eas1 #gj1 note #a1 #agi4 ,*oregos1 prize (1 #e f4 ,com$y1 on vases1 #dj1 note #b4 ,dante1 influ5ce ( on art1 #a ff4 ,botticelli's draw+s =1 #aee4 ,dirke1 monum5ts (1 #i4 ,div9ities1 on vases1 #aaj4 ,ekkyklema1 #ff f41 #afj4 ,ennius1 #aa1 #bf1 #hb1 #aab4 ,etruscans1 art (1 #aj ff41 #bg1 note #f4 ,euphronios1 #ca f41 #aeg4 ,euripides1 ,ari/otle's criticism (1 #gi f4 influ5ce (1 #bf1 #bh f4 (1 #gi f4 ,aiolos1 #agi4 ,alex&ros1 #ab4 ,alke/is1 #g1 #af1 #bg1 #agh4 ,alkm5e1 #ad1 #agi4 ,&roma*e1 #hc1 #agh4 ,&rom$a1 #bc1 #ce1 #ahj4 ,antigone1 #ahj4 ,antiope1 #i1 #ac1 #bf1 #ahj4 ,auge1 #h4 ,bak*ai1 #be1 #hh ff4 ,bell]ophon1 #ahj4 ,*rysippos1 #ahj f4 ,elektra1 #ej1 #agh4 ,hekabe1 #ba1 #id ff4 ,h]akleidai1 #bc4 ,h]akles ,fur41 #afc f41 #agi4 ,hippolytos1 #ag1 #be1 #aja ff41 #agi4 ,hypsipyle1 #aha4 ,ion1 #agi4 ,iph4 ,a41 #bc1 #be1 #aab ff41 #agi4 ,iph4 ,t41 #ac1 #ag f41 #be f41 #aba ff4 ,kretes1 #ad1 #bj1 #bg4 ,kyklops1 #ce1 #aci ff4 ,m$eia1 #ac1 #ai1 #bc1 #add ff4 ,melanippe1 #ad4 ,meleagros1 #ad1 #bj1 #bf1 #aha4 ,o$ipus1 #ac1 #ai4 ,o9omaos1 #ad4 ,philoktetes1 #ba4 ,pho941 #ad1 #ai1 #aga ff4 ,rhesos1 #cb4 ,/h5eboia1 #aha4 ,telephos1 #h1 #ab1 #bc1 #ca1 #aha4 ,!seus1 #ad1 #bd4 ,flugmas*9e1 #afj4 ,hom]1 #c1 #cd4 ,laokon1 #i f4 ,lyssa1 #afc1 #aga4 ,niobe1 gr\p1 #h f4 ,o$ipus1 bani%m5t (1 #agg4 ,oi/ros1 #afb ff4 ,orpheus1 relief (1 #d f4 ,paeuvius1 #ab1 #hb4 ,p>rhasios1 #bc f41 #cd4 ,peiri?os1 relief1 #d4 ,peliades1 relief1 #d4 ,p]gamon1 frieze1 #g4 ,polygnotos1 #ba f41 #ie1 #aaj4 ,polyx5a1 #ba1 #ie4 ,praxiteles1 #f1 #i4 ,py?on1 #gj1 note #a4 ,seilanion1 #8,ioka/e' (1 #g4 ,skopas1 #i4 ,sophokles1 influ5ce (1 on art1 #ge ff4 /atue (1 #f4 ,antigone1 #ge1 #gg4 ,elektra1 #ej4 ,iphig5eia1 #ab1 #bc4 ,laka9ai1 #ce4 ,laokon1 #aj4 ,mysoi1 #h4 ,niobe1 #h4 ,niptra1 #cf1 note #c4 ,o$4 ,rex1 #gg4 ,o9omaos1 #ad4 ,phaidra1 #aja4 ,philoktetes1 #ac1 #ai1 #ba4 ,polyx5e1 #ba4 ,tra*9iai1 #gg4 ,troilos1 #cb4 ,t>5tum1 #cg ff41 #ff1 #hb4 ,timan!s1 #bc1 #be1 #cd1 #aac1 #adj4 ,timoma*us1 #bc1 #ach4 ,trag$y1 ,roman & ,greek1 #aa1 #hb4 ,zeuxis1 #bd4 ----- ,footnote #a3 ,f4-,w4 no4 #aaih2 pub4 9 ,brunn's ,vorlegebltt]1 no4 #ah1 & ,baumei/]1 ,d5kml]1 ii4 p4 #aaba4 ,footnote #b3 ,b5ndorf und ,s*ne1 ,die ,bildw]ke des ,lat]an5sis*5 ,museums4 no4 #ib ,f4-,w4 no4 #abjj2 pub4 9 ,brunn's ,vorlegebltt]1 no4 #ag4 ,footnote #c3 ,f4-,w4 no4 #abja2 pub4 9 ,museo ,torlonia1 pl4 #ic1 no4 #cgg4 ,?is is ! y\nge/ ( ! ?ree1 b ! orig9al /ill belongs to ! p]iod j aft] ! completion ( ! ,p>!non4 ,footnote #d3 ,cf4 ,grie*is*e ,weihges*5ke1 p4 #acj ff4 ,footnote #e3 ,cf4 ,isaeus v4 #da1 & ,x54 ,hi]on1 ix4 #d4 ,footnote #f3 ,a!n4 ,mit?4 #ahgh1 p4 #bcc2 ,b4 vii4 p4 #ic4 ,footnote #g3 #a4 #bj4 #a4 ,footnote #h3 ,cf4 ,c4 ,i4 ,a4 ii4 #c1 #abih1 & ,an?4 ,pal4 vi4 #bci4 ,footnote #i3 ,loc4 cit4 ,footnote #aj3 #a4 #ba4 #a & #b4 ,footnote #aa3 ,pub4 ,a!n4 ,mit?4 #ahhb1 pl4 #ad2 cf4 ,f4-,w4 no4 #aace4 ,footnote #ab3 ,furtwngl]1 ,sammlung ,sab\r(f1 p4 #ca4 ,footnote #ac3 ,cf4 ,f4-,w4 no4 #ahdc1 #ahdd1 & ,jahn's ,ar*ologis*e ,beitrge1 p4 #aih ff4 ,footnote #ad3 ,cf4 ,ov]beck's ,s*riftquell51 no4 #aabh4 ,footnote #ae3 ,f4-,w4 no4 #abdb4 ,footnote #af3 ,i foll[ ,rob]t4 ,cf4 ,?anatos1 p4 #cg ff4 ,footnote #ag3 ,cf4 ,rob]t 9 ,jahrbu*1 #ahhg1 p4 #bdd ff4 ,footnote #ah3 ,f4-,w4 #adjb4 ,cf4 ,pl9y1 ,nat4 ,hi/4 #cf1 #cd4 ,footnote #ai3 ,"o may di/+ui% two di/9ct mom5ts 9 works ( art bas$ ^u ! ,antiope my?4 7#a7 ,! two sons ( ,antiope h ! un=tunate ,dirke all b fa/5$ to ! bull1 :i* is be+ held only ) ! utmo/ ex]tion4 7#b7 ,! cata/rophe ensues4 ,! wild animal is dragg+ 8 victim ov] ! gr\nd4 ,x ne$ n be said t ! mo/ celebrat$ repres5tation ( 7#a7 is ! toro f>nese4 ,= 7#b71 cf4 a wall pa9t+1 pub4 ,ar*4 ,ztg4 #ahgh1 pl4 #i1 a & b4 ,! my? 0 wond]fully popul> & appe>s on co9s1 gems1 reliefs1 c41 all ( :i* belong to ! p]iod :5 tragic influ5ce pr$om9at$ 9 art4 ,cf4 ,dil!y1 ,ar*4 ,ztg4 #ahgh1 p4 #dc ff4 & ,jahn1 ibid41 #ahec1 p4 #fe-aje4 ,footnote #bj3 ,f4-,w4 no4 #adbb4 ,cf4 ,pl9y1 ,nat4 ,hi/4 #cf1 #cg4 ,footnote #ba3 ,rob]t1 ,bild und ,li$1 p4 #aib ff41 cont5ds aga9/ ! influ5ce ( ,sophokles4 ,footnote #bb3 ,cic4 de opt4 g54 orat4 #a4 #a4 ,footnote #bc3 ,velleius1 #a4 #ag4 #a4 ,footnote #bd3 ,! fav\rite subject 0 ! murd] ( ,trolos4 ,footnote #be3 ,brunn1 op4 cit4 pl4 #a-af2 cf4 ,s*lie1 ,die ,d>/ellung5 des trois*5 ,sag5kreises auf etruskis*5 ,as*5ki/51 p4 #ac ff4 ,footnote #bf3 ,poet4 #adec;a4 #ba4 ,footnote #bg3 ,op4 cit4 pl4 #bf-cd1 gives eighte5 reliefs4 ,footnote #bh3 ,cf4 p4 #aac f4 ,footnote #bi3 ,brunn1 op4 cit4 pl4 #fi-gb2 cf4 especially nos4 #a1 #b & #c4 ,! rema9+ f\r are n ,sophoklean & betray an admixture ( diff]5t elem5ts4 ,odysseus ba!s ! afflict$ foot ( ,philoktetes on nos4 #f & #g4 ,footnote #cj3 ,op4 cit4 p4 #aee2 cf4 pl4 #gd-hc4 ,footnote #ca3 ,op4 cit4 pl4 #hd-he4 ,! attitude ( #8,iphig5eia' causes "s difficulty 9 ?is int]pretation4 ,cf4 h] "p on ! o!r monum5ts4 ,footnote #cb3 ,cf4 p4 #abd ff4 bel[4 ,footnote #cc3 ,krte1 op4 cit4 vol4 ii4 pl4 #a4 #b4 ,footnote #cd3 ,cf4 p4 #add ff4 ,footnote #ce3 ,op4 cit4 vol4 ii4 pl4 #d4 #a1 #b & #c4 & pl4 #e4 #d4 ,footnote #cf3 ,cf4 s*ol4 ,eur4 ,pho94 v4 #fa1 & ,nauck's ,fragm5ta1 ,eur4 no4 #eda1 & op4 cit4 ii4 pl4 #g4 #a4 ,footnote #cg3 ,!re are tw5ty-eight 9 all repres5t+ ! fratricide1 & n9e %[+ ! attack2 ,krte1 ,i rilievi d4 urne etrus*e1 ii4 pl4 #h #bd4 ,footnote #ch3 ,op4 cit4 ii4 p4 #cb ff4 ,footnote #ci3 ,pl4 #bf-bg4 ,footnote #dj3 ,pl4 #bh-cj4 ,footnote #da3 ,pl4 #ca-cb4 ,footnote #db3 ,cf4 p4 #aje f4 bel[4 ,footnote #dc3 ,pl4 #ci-dj4 ,?ree 9 all4 ,footnote #dd3 ,pl4 #da-ef4 ,footnote #de3 ,"o may ?9k ( ,soph4 ,o9om41 call$ also ,hippodameia1 & ( ,eur4 ,o9om4 ,! latt] seems to h be5 foll[$ by ,accius4 ,footnote #df3 ,pl4 #fb2 cf4 also op4 cit4 ii4 p4 #aej ff4 ,footnote #dg3 ,pl4 #ajj-ajd4 ,footnote #dh3 ,! monum5tal publication1 :i* is n[ appe>+ "u ! direction ( ! ,g]man ,imp]ial ,ar*aeological ,in/itute1 w1 :5 complet$1 place )9 "o's rea* all ?is imm5se mat]ial4 ,! project$ plan embraces six volumes ( :i* ! second has s f> appe>$3 ,die ,antik5 ,s>kophag-,reliefs1 ii4 #ahij1 edit$ by ,c>l ,rob]t4 ,! ?ird "p is to embrace ?ree vols41 s t we h 9 ! ,antik5 ,s>kophag-,reliefs1 iii4 #ahig1 ,c>l ,rob]t1 only ! fir/ vol4 ,footnote #di3 ,rob]t1 op4 cit4 iii4 "p i1 pl4 #f-g4 ,nos4 #bb1 #bc1 #bd1 #bf are all practically intact & agree closely ) ea* o!r4 ,nos4 #bg-cj are l>g] or small] fragm5ts4 ,footnote #ej3 ,pub4 ,ar*4 ,ztg4 #ahge1 pl4 #i ,rob]t1 op4 cit4 iii4 "p i1 pl4 #g4 #cb ,baumei/]1 ,d5kml]1 i4 p4 #df4 ,footnote #ea3 ,p4 #aja ff4 ,footnote #eb3 ,rob]t1 op4 cit4 ii4 p4 #afe4 ,footnote #ec3 ,rob]t1 ,die antik5 ,s>k4-,reliefs1 ii4 pl4 #ed1 no4 #aed4 ,footnote #ed3 ,cf4 op4 cit4 ii4 pl4 #ed-ef1 nos #aee-aff2 vid4 also p4 #fg bel[4 ,footnote #ee3 ,rob]t1 op4 cit4 ii4 pl4 #eg-ei1 nos4 #afg-ahj1 & p4 #abd ff4 bel[4 ,footnote #ef3 ,p4 #ade ff4 ,footnote #eg3 ,rob]t1 op4 cit4 ii4 pl4 #fj1 nos4 #ahc1 #ahd1 & p4 #aia ff4 ,footnote #eh3 ,rob]t1 op4 cit4 ii4 pl4 #ea1 no4 #aci4 ,footnote #ei3 ,pub4 by ,rob]t1 ,die ,pasipha-,s>kophag1 #ahij1 pl4 i42 also op4 cit4 iii4 "p i1 pi4 #aj4 #ce1 #ce;a1 #ce;b4 ,footnote #fj3 ,cf4 ,nauck's ,fragm5ta1 no4 #dgb4 ,footnote #fa3 ,cf4 ,baumei/]1 ,d5kml]1 ii4 p4 #iag1 :]e ! ,l\vre fragm5t is publi%$ ,cl>ac1 ,muse de ,sculpture1 pl4 #bja1 no4 #bjh4 ,a simil> sc5e is %[n 9 no4 #bef4 ,footnote #fb3 ,paus4 #a4 #bb4 #f4 ,footnote #fc3 ,cf4 p4 #id ff4 ,footnote #fd3 ,cf4 s*ol4 ,eur4 ,hek4 v4 #c1 & ,nauck's ,fragm5ta1 p4 #bde ff4 ,footnote #fe3 ,hom]is*e ,be*]1 p4 #ge2 b on p4 #be f4 ( ! ,iliup]sis des ,polygnot 9 d] ,poikile1 ,rob]t ref]s ! picture to ,polykleitos on ! /r5g? ( ! epigram 7,an?4 ,plan4 #c4 #cj7 by ,pollianos4 ,! "q turns on ! read+ 1 :i* has g5]ally be5 held to be a corruption ( 4 ,b ?is does n conv9ce me t ,polygnotos might n h pa9t$ ! "w 9 ! ,propylaia4 ,x is by no means necess>y to consid] ! two pa9t+s id5tical ev5 if mu/ rema94 ,footnote #ff3 ,paus4 #aj4 #be4 #b4 ,footnote #fg3 ,?is 0 %[n by ,s*neidew9 9 ,philologus1 #ahdi1 p4 #fde ff4 ,footnote #fh3 ,pl9y1 ,nat4 ,hi/4 #ce4 #ga4 ,footnote #fi3 ,cf4 ,ov]beck1 ,s*riftquell51 #agce-agci1 & p4 #aab f4 bel[4 ,footnote #gj3 ,pl9y1 ,nat4 ,hi/4 #ce1 #acb1 & ,helbig1 ,w&gemlde1 #aahc-abjc4 ,footnote #ga3 ,pl9y1 op4 cit4 #ce1 #acf1 & ,helbig1 op4 cit4 nos4 #aahi1 #abfb-abfd4 ,! latt] is f ,h]culaneum4 ,cf4 ,ov]beck1 ,s*riftquell51 #babf-bace1 = v>i\s epigrams t\*+ ?is pa9t+ ( ,timoma*us4 ,footnote #gb3 ,ov]beck1 op4 cit4 #afdb4 ,cf4 ,reis*1 ,grie*is*e ,weihges*5ke1 p4 #abg4 ,footnote #gc3 ,pl9y1 op4 cit4 #ce1 #add2 cf4 a ,pompeian wall pa9t+1 pub4 ,ar*4 ,ztg4 #ahhc1 pl4 #i4 #a4 ,footnote #gd3 ,paus4 #a4 #bj4 #c4 ,footnote #ge3 ,vid4 ,drpfeld & ,reis*1 ,das grie*is*e ,!at]1 p4 #ba4 ,footnote #gf3 ,cf4 p4 #gd bel[4 ,footnote #gg3 ,cf4 ,helbig1 op4 cit4 ,?ree gr\ps are di/+ui%able4 7#a7 ,nos4 #abaf-abdj1 ,ariadne =sak5 by ,!seus4 7#b7 #abbb-abcb1 %e m\rns 9 h] solitude4 7#c7 #abcc-abdj1 ,dionysos comes to h] rescue4 ,footnote #gh3 ,helbig1 op4 cit4 nos4 #abdb-abdg2 cf4 p4 #ajh1 note #a4 ,footnote #gi3 ,cf4 ,helbig1 op4 cit4 nos4 #acjd1 #acje4 ,footnote #hj3 ,cf4 p4 #ach bel[4 ,footnote #ha3 ,helbig1 op4 cit4 nos4 #aadb1 #aadc4 ,footnote #hb3 ,especially f9e is ! pa9t+ discov]$ 9 ! casa dei ,vettii1 photo4 ,al9>i1 no4 #abacc2 cf4 ,rm4 ,mit?4 #ahif1 p4 #ej f4 ,footnote #hc3 ,cf4 ,rm4 ,mit?4 #ahif1 p4 #de f41 & ,ar*4 ,anz4 #ahie1 p4 #aba1 photo4 ,al9>i1 no4 #abacd4 ,pub4 ,j4 ,h4 ,s4 #ahif1 p4 #aea4 ,footnote #hd3 ,helbig1 op4 cit4 nos4 #aaea-aaec4 ,! excavations 9 #ahie add$ /ill ano!r to ^? already kn[n4 ,vid4 ,rm4 ,mit?4 #ahif1 p4 #df1 photo4 ,al9>i1 no4 #abace4 ,cf4 also ,ar*4 ,ztg4 #ahgh1 pl4 #i4 a & b = two o!rs4 ,footnote #he3 ,livius ,&ronicus1 ,ennius1 & ,accius1 ea* wrote an ,&rom$a4 ,ennius translat$ ! ,m$eia1 & *ose ov] half 8 pieces f ,euripides4 ,footnote #hf3 ,g]h>d's ,etruskis*e ,spiegel1 ii4 pl4 #bci1 & v4 pl4 #aag4 ,footnote #hg3 ,op4 cit4 iv4 pl4 #ced4 #b4 ,footnote #hh3 ,g]h>d1 op4 cit4 iv4 #cfg4 #b4 ,cf4 ,euripides' 4 ,footnote #hi3 ,op4 cit4 iv4 pl4 #dja4 ,footnote #ij3 ,op4 cit4 ii4 pl4 #bbi ,ov]beck1 ,bildw]ke1 pl4 #ad4 #a2 iv4 pl4 #cij4 #b2 v4 pl4 #ajh4 ,footnote #ia3 ,op4 cit4 v4 p4 #bag4 ,footnote #ib3 ,wi5] ,vorlegebltt]1 s]4 ,d4 pl4 #aj4 #d & #e op4 cit4 ii4 pl4 #ach4 #aci4 ,ais*ylos 0 ! fir/ to *a9 ,prome!us1 & all ! monum5ts repres5t+ ! giant ?us fa/5$ on ! cliff are dep5d5t on ! ,prome!us4 ,cf4 ,mil*hoef]1 9 ,b]l9] ,w9ckelmannsprogramm = #ahhb4 ,footnote #ic3 ,! "q z to :]e & h[ ! ,etruscans came to h s wide a k ( ,greek poetry w long rema9 a p]plex+ "o4 ,"o ?+ seems cle>1 viz41 t ! ,romans did n s]ve z any connect+ l9k betwe5 ,greece & ,etruria4 ,greek art z well z ,greek lett]s rea*$ ?is p direct4 ,x h>dly seems probable t translations ( ! ,greek poets 7 s ext5sively made by ?is practical p1 t ! arti/s c\ld 9 ?is mann] h _h access to s mu* t is ,euripidean4 ,!re is1 moreov]1 a great deal 9 "s ( ! reliefs t bespeaks a famili>ity ) ! sc5es z actually giv5 9 ! !atre4 ,?is leads me to ?9k t ! w&]+ troops ( actors _h p5etrat$ ,etruria also1 & introduc$ ! plays ( :i* ! ,etruscans made s mu* 9 _! art4 ,footnote #id3 ,figs4 #ab1 #af1 #bg1 #bh2 cf4 also note #b1 p4 #ie f4 ,footnote #ie3 ,vid4 ,ld]s1 ,die dionysis*5 ,kn/l]1 ,b]l91 #ahgc4 ,footnote #if3 ,cf4 p4 #aad ff4 ,footnote #ig3 ,! #8,meg>ian ,b[ls' h mu* 9 common ) su* lat] monum5ts z ! tabula iliaca4 ,cf4 ,jahn's ,bild]*ronik51 & ,baumei/]1 ,d5kml]1 i4 no4 #gge4 ,footnote #ih3 ,jahn1 ,telephos und ,troilos1 #ahda1 p4 #df ff41 believ$ t ,exekias 0 indebt$ to ,euripides' ,telephos = ! idea ( 8 dice-play]s2 cf4 ,ov]beck1 ,bildw]ke1 pl4 #ad4 #d1 & ,wi5] ,vorlegebltt]1 #ahhh1 pl4 #f4 #a;a4 ,we "k n[ t ,exekias mu/ h liv$ ne>ly #ajj ye>s be=e ! date ( ! ,telephos4 ,footnote #ii3 ,kle9 9 8 ,euphronios1 #ahhf1 p4 #bcf ff41 saw 9 ! ,iliup]sis kylix1 pub4 ,baumei/]1 ,d5kml]1 i4 no4 #gie1 ! work+s ( ,ais*ylos' 2 9 ! ,euphronios kylix1 ,wi5] ,vorlegebltt]1 s]4 v4 pl4 #f1 repres5t+ ! dea? ( ,trolos1 a connexion 0 po9t$ out ) ,sophokles' ,troilos2 & ! ,dolon kylix1 also by ,euphronios1 cf4 op4 cit4 p4 #acf f41 might be br\ght "u ! ,rhesos ( ,euripides4 ,footnote #ajj3 ,note especially ! ,brygos kylix1 ,brit4 ,mus41 cat4 iii4 ,e #fe2 pub4 ,mon4 d4 ,in/4 ix4 #df1 & ,wi5] ,vorlegebltt]1 s]4 viii4 #f4 ,dionysos /&s by 8 alt> ov] :i* a satyr spr+s to grasp ,iris4 ,o!rs ( ! tribe make m]ry4 ,cf4 also ,brit4 ,mus41 cat4 iii4 ,e #gfh2 pub4 ,wi5] ,vorlegebl4 s]4 vii4 #d1 9 ! /yle ( ,eu?ymides4 ,seil5os 9 h]ald's dress is 9 ! mid/ ( a long tra9 ( satyrs4 ,footnote #aja3 ,! ma9 sc5e is publi%$ & discuss$ by ,dmml] 9 ,rhe9is*es ,museum1 #ahhh1 p4 #cee ff4 ,footnote #ajb3 ,cf4 ! ,peiraieus frag4 pub4 ,ar*4 ,ztg4 #ahhj1 pl4 #af4 ,o!r examples ( lat] /yles are includ$ by ,reis*1 ,grie*4 ,weihges*5ke1 p4 #fh ff4 ,vid4 fur!r ! li/ 9 ,ar*4 ,ztg4 #ahhj1 p4 #ahb f4 ,footnote #ajc3 ,g]h>d1 ,aus]4 ,vas51 pl4 #ef1 & ,re9a*-,mill91 ,pe9tures1 i4 #i4 ,footnote #ajd3 ,b]l91 inv4 no4 #cbcg4 ,pub4 & discuss$ by ,be!1 ,jahrbu*1 #ahif1 p4 #bib ff4 & pl4 #b2 cf4 ,furtwngl]1 ,ar*4 ,anz4 #ahic1 p4 #ia f4 ,footnote #aje3 ,p4 #ada ff4 ,footnote #ajf3 ,no4 #cbce1 ,a4 ,pub4 ,mon4 d4 ,in/4 ii4 pl4 #cf2 ,ov]beck1 ,bildw]ke1 pl4 #bd4 #ai2 cf4 ,furtwngl]1 ,ma/]pieces1 p4 #aeb f4 ,footnote #ajg3 ,fig4 #h1 & p4 #fc f4 ,footnote #ajh3 ,heydemann's cat4 no4 #cbdj4 ,pub4 ,mll]-,wiesel]1 ,!at]-gebude1 pl4 #f4 #b2 ,baumei/]1 ,d5kml]1 i4 fig4 #dbb4 ,footnote #aji3 iv4 #aae-aag4 ,cf4 also ,be!1 ,prolegom5a zur ,ges*i*te des ,!at]s im ,alt]tum1 p4 #db4 ,footnote #aaj3 ,! ,p5elope vase1 pub4 ,mon4 d4 ,in/4 ix4 pl4 #db ,baumei/]'s ,d5kml]1 iii4 no4 #bccb1 has lately be5 expla9$ by ,rob]t z be+ bas$ on ,soph4 4 ,cf4 ,die ,m>a?ons*la*t 9 d] ,poikile1 p4 #gh ff4 ,if ,i c\ld accept ?is view my position w\ld be v mat]ially /r5g!n$4 ,! mu/ be set cir4 #dbh ,b4,c41 & ?is means t ! pa9t+ is lat] ?an ?is date4 ,mu* z ,i %\ld l to br+ ?is important monum5t into connexion ) ! drama1 ,i _c ?9k ( a lat] date = ! vase ?an #ddj ,b4,c41 :i* to be sure r5d]s its relation to ,sophokles impossible4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ,pr(essor ,rob]t be correct1 x %[s t !re is at lea/ "o vase pa9t+ ( ! fif? c5tury t repres5ts a =m ( a my? :i* belong$ to ! !atre1 & ?is 0 n grant$ 9 ,bild und ,li$4 ,footnote #aaa3 ,cf4 ,g>dn]'s ,types ( ,greek ,co9s1 pl4 v4 nos4 #ag-bj1 & ,furtwngl]'s ,ma/]pieces1 p4 #aje ff41 ) ! v in/ructive collection ( ,italian & ,sicilian co9s :i* %[s ! ,attic influ5ce 9 ?is p]iod4 ,footnote #aab3 ,cf4 ,momms51 ,unt]italis*e ,dialekte1 p4 #hi ff4 ,footnote #aac3 ,de leg4 #a4 #fcg;c4 ,footnote #aad3 ,dio ,cassius1 #ci4 #c4 #f4 ,footnote #aae3 ,zon>is1 viii4 #b4 #cgj1 4 ,footnote #aaf3 ,cf4 figs4 #e1 #f1 #ah1 #ai1 #bj1 #ba1 #bc4 ,footnote #aag3 ,! l>ge class ( ,l[] ,italy vases t illu/rate sc5es f com$y are priceless treasures4 ,!y are bas$ on ! #8f>ce-plays1' --! inv5tion ( ,rh9?on 7vid4 ,rh9?onis ,fragm5ta1 ,halle1 diss]tation by ,e4 ,vlk]1 #ahhg72 cf4 especially ,heydemann1 ,jahrbu*1 #ahhf1 p4 #bfj ff41 :]e all ! examples !n kn[n are discuss$4 ,be!1 ,prolegom5a zur ,ges*i*te des ,!at]s im ,alt]tum1 p4 #bgh-bib1 h&les p>ticul>ly ! int]e/+ "q ( ! /age repres5t$ 9 ! sc5es4 ,m5tion %\ld be made also ( ,krte's excell5t article 9 ! ,jahrbu* = #ahic1 p4 #fa-ic1 on ,ar*aeologis*e ,/udi5 zur alt5 ,komdie4 ,footnote #aah3 ,rob]t's conclusion 9 reg>d to ! lit]>y s\rce ( all ! monum5ts 7,bild und ,li$1 p4 #adi ff47 is t !y g back to ! ,ore/eia ( ,/esi*oros4 ,?is view has be5 g5]ally accept$ by ar*aeologi/s1 & met ) no opposition till ,wilam[itz %[$ reason = believ+ 9 ! exi/5ce ( a ,delphic epic deal+ ) ?is subject4 ,! :ole "q ne$s ano!r c>eful inve/igation4 ,footnote #aai3 ,pub4 ,mon4 d4 ,in/4 vi4 pl4 #eg4 #a ,ros*]'s ,lexikon1 i4 p4 #abch4 ,cf4 ,rob]t1 op4 cit4 p4 #afg ff4 ,footnote #abj3 ,naples1 no4 #agee1 pub4 ,baumei/]1 ,d5kml]1 iii4 #aici ,re9a*-,mill+51 ,pe9tures1 pl4 #ad4 ,footnote #aba3 ,fig4 #b4 ,pub4 ,ra\l-,ro*ette1 ,monum5ts 9dits1 pl4 #cd4 ,cf4 ibid4 p4 #aei ff42 ,ov]beck1 ,bildw]ke1 pl4 #bh4 #e2 cf4 text ibid41 p4 #fhh ff42 ,+hirami1 ,vasi fitt4 ii4 pl4 #aea4 ,footnote #abb3 ,cf4 figs4 #ad1 #ae1 #bc1 #bd = ! regulation dress ( ! p$agogue4 ,footnote #abc3 ,cf4 note #b1 p4 #dd4 ,footnote #abd3 ,muni* coll4 ,jahn's cat4 no4 #had4 ,! figure ( ,elektra alone toge!r ) ! view ( ! tomb is publi%$ by ,+hirami1 ,vasi fitt4 ii4 pl4 #aed4 ,footnote #abe3 ,pub4 ,+hirami1 op4 cit4 ii4 pl4 #aec4 ,footnote #abf3 ,an amphora1 no4 #edd4 ,! pa9t+ has n be5 publi%$ s f> z ,i "k1 b ! simil>ity x be>s to figs4 #c & #d appe>$ to me to r5d] a publication ( x "h unnecess>y4 ,footnote #abg3 ,cf4 ' ( ! ,hypo!sis4 ,footnote #abh3 ,cf4 ,ov]beck1 ,bildw]ke1 pl4 #bi1 & ,ra\l-,ro*ette1 ,mon4 9d4 pl4 #ce-ch4 ,footnote #abi3 ,cat4 no4 #cdi2 pub4 ,compte ,r5du1 #ahfd1 pl4 #f4 #e2 cf4 ,/ephani1 ibid4 p4 #beb ff4 ,footnote #acj3 ,cf4 a simil> figure ) ! key 9 figs4 #f1 #ah1 #bj4 ,9 ! latt] cases ,iphig5eia is ! prie/ess4 ,footnote #aca3 v4 #ajfa4 ,footnote #acb3 v4 #ce4 ,footnote #acc3 ,vid my ,attitude ( ! ,greek ,trag$ians t[>d ,art1 p4 #ab ff41 = a discussion ( ?is passage4 ,footnote #acd3 ,s ,eur4 ,ore/4 v4 #cba2 ,elekt4 v4 #acde4 ,footnote #ace3 ,naples1 no4 #cbdi1 photo1 ,al9>i1 #aabif1 f :i* fig4 #f is tak54 ,! pa9t+ 0 publi%$ by ,jahn1 ,vas5bild]1 #ahci1 pl4 #a4 #a1 f a draw+4 ,jahn himself _h n se5 ! vase4 ,! draw+ does ! f9e picture s little ju/ice t ,i c\ld n ?9k ( reproduc+ x4 ,! "w on ! vase is wond]fully cle> & /rong4 ,e figure is 9 itself a beautiful "w ( art4 ,! picture pres5ts an unusual v>iety ( situations t are arti/ically ( great int]e/4 ,footnote #acf3 ,cf4 also fig4 #h4 ,footnote #acg3 ,no4 #cbef4 ,pub4 ,ov]beck1 ,bildw]ke1 pl4 #bi4 #d2 g5]al view ( ! :ole vase1 ,g]h>d's ,apulis*e ,vas54 pl4 ,a4 #f4 ,ano!r pa9t+1 a late "w & wret*$ly done1 some:at simil>1 is publi%$ 9 ,ar*4 ,ztg4 #ahgg1 pl4 #d4 #aa4 ,footnote #ach3 ,fig4 #h4 ,pub4 ,ov]beck1 ,bildw]ke1 pl4 #bi4 #g2 ,mon4 d4 ,in/4 iv4 pl4 #dh2 ,ar*4 ,ztg4 #ahfj1 pl4 #ach4 #b2 ,baumei/]'s ,d5kml]1 ii4 p4 #aaag2 ,rayet et ,collignon1 ,hi/oire de la cramique grecque1 p4 #big4 ,footnote #aci3 ,vid4 ,ov]beck1 ,bildw]ke1 pl4 #bi4 #aa1 & #ab4 ,footnote #adj3 ,cf4 vs4 #fg1 #hd1 #ia4 ,footnote #ada3 ,?is view is ma9ta9$ by ,drpfeld & ,reis*1 ,das grie*is*e ,!at]1 p4 #bdc ff4 ,9 reply to ?is vid4 ,rob]t 9 ,h]mes1 vol4 #cb1 p4 #dci ff4 ,vid4 also ,be!1 ,prolegom5a zur ,ges*i*te des ,!at]s im ,alt]tum1 pp4 #aab-aaf1 :]e ?is po9t 9 ! production ( ! ,eum5ides is ably discuss$4 ,footnote #adb3 ,cf4 ?is sc5e on ! ,s>cophagi reliefs4 ,rob]t1 ,die antik5 ,s>kophag-,reliefs1 ii4 pl4 #ed-ef1 nos4 #aee-afa1 ! "r end sc5e2 also no4 #aega1 p4 #agc4 ,footnote #adc3 ,cf4 ! gho/s ( ,aigi/hos & ,klytaime/ra on ! end reliefs ( ! ,s>cophagus1 no4 #aee1 op4 cit4 ,footnote #add3 ,ore/4 #djh1 #afej2 ,tro4 #deg2 cf4 also ! relief f\nd ne> ,argos1 pub4 ,a!n4 ,mit?4 #ahgi1 pl4 #i ,ros*]'s ,lexikon1 i4 p4 #accj4 ,footnote #ade3 ,wilam[itz1 ,ais*ylos ,ore/ie1 ,zweites ,/ck1 #ahif1 p4 #bdf ff41 has %[n ! plausibility ( believ+ 9 su* an epic4 ,! au?or 0 a ,delphian4 ,footnote #adf3 ,a few fragm5ts rema9 f ! ,ore/eia ( ,/esi*oros4 ,cf4 ,b]gk-,s*aef]1 ,poetae lyrici graeci1 iii4 p4 #bai ff4 ,footnote #adg3 ,op9ions v>y on ?is po9t4 ,?ree diff]5t views are held4 7#a7 ,! temple ( ,a!na rema9s ! sc5e ?r\gh\t ! re/ ( ! play2 ! ,areiopagos 7v4 #fhe7 becomes !n m]ely a "p ( ! /age decorations giv5 by ! p]iaktoi4 7#b7 ,betwe5 v4 #bce & v4 #fhe ! sc5e 0 *ang$ f ! ,acropolis to ! ,areiopagos4 7#c7 ,!re is no sc5e f v4 #bce o!r ?an ! ,areiopagos4 ,! latt] seems to me absolutely unt5able4 ,repeat$ allusion is made to ! temple & to ,ore/es cl++ to ! old image 9 ! 7v4 #bdb ff474 ,reg>d+ ! fir/ & second1 x makes little diff]5ce :e!r ! sc5e 0 9 fact %ift$ or :e!r x 0 repres5t$ on ! w+s4 ,! practical work+ 0 ! same 9 ei!r case4 ,footnote #adh3 ,! pres5t :]eab\ts ( ! vase is n kn[n4 ,pub4 ,baumei/]1 ,d5kml]1 ii4 p4 #aaah2 ,ov]beck1 ,bildw]ke1 pl4 #bi4 #i2 ,re9a*-,mill+51 ,pe9tures1 ii4 #fh2 also z frontispiece to ! #d? ed4 ( ,paley's ,aes*ylus4 ,he disposes ( x 9 a l9e or two1 &1 ) ! usual accuracy :i* *>act]izes philologi/s :5 deal+ ) matt]s ( ar*aeology1 says ! vase is #8probably ne>ly contemporane\s' ) ! ,eum5ides 7p4 #ehd74 ,! composition is rem>kably l ! ,as/eas pa9t+1 ,wi5] ,vorlegebltt]1 s]4 i4 pl4 #g4 ,! figures ( ,apollo & ,kadmos1 z well z ! two ,a!nas1 h mu* 9 common4 ,!re is ! same r\ndness & plumpness 9 ! figures4 ,fur!rmore1 ,as/eas 0 p>tial to bu/ figures & nev] lo/ an opportunity to introduce !m4 ,! bord] on ! veil ( ! female bu/ ( our vase is ,campanian1 z are also c]ta9 o!r details4 ,all ?is br+s me to ! op9ion t ,as/eas1 :o 0 v likely f ,pae/um & may h be5 9 t\* ) ,campanian /yles z well1 0 ! pa9t] ( our vase4 ,x is at lea/ f ! s*ool ( ,as/eas4 ,a pa9t+ by ,py?on 7,j4 ,h4 ,s4 #ahij1 pl4 #f71 "o ( ! set ( ,as/eas1 exhibits ! same treatm5t ( hair & decoration t is f\nd on ! pa9t+1 fig4 #i4 ,footnote #adi3 ,^! fea!rs1 = t is :at ^! projections are1 c be c\nt$ on doz5s ( helms belong+ to ?is p]iod4 ,a!na & w>riors we> !m alike4 ,_! occurr5ce be=e ! latt] "p ( ! f\r? c5tury ,b4,c4 is unkn[n to me4 ,footnote #aej3 ,cf4 ,ais*4 ,supp4 v4 #dfc4 ,footnote #aea3 ,pub4 ,ar*4 ,ztg4 #ahfj1 pl4 #acg4 #d ,ov]beck1 ,bildw]ke1 pl4 #bi4 #h4 ,footnote #aeb3 ,vid4 ,ar*4 ,anz4 #ahij1 p4 #ij4 ,footnote #aec3 ,x is wor? not+ t1 :5 view$ bo? f ! arti/ic 9 8 plays & ! art t 0 an outgr[? ( 8 plays1 ,sophokles occupies ! same position z reg>ds ,ais*ylos & ,euripides4 ,cf4 my ,attitude ( ! ,greek ,trag$ians t[>d ,art1 p4 #cb ff4 ,footnote #aed3 ,p4 #ce1 note #c1 & p4 #cf1 note #c4 ,footnote #aee3 ,poet4 #adej;a4 #be4 ,footnote #aef3 ,rep4 #h4 #efh;a4 ,footnote #aeg3 ,c4 #bi4 ,footnote #aeh3 ,a!n4 p4 #ecg2 cf4 ,plut4 ,alex4 c4 #aj & #ec4 ,footnote #aei3 ,a!n4 p4 #age4 ,footnote #afj3 ,?is fact comes out p>ticul>ly 9 ,polybios2 cf4 ,susemihl1 ,ges*i*te d] grie*4 ,litt]atur 9 d] ,alex&]zeit1 ii4 p4 #aai4 ,footnote #afa3 ,c4 ,i4 ,a4 ii4 #igc is ! au?ority = ?is occurr5ce 9 ! ye>s #cda-ci ,b4,c4 ,footnote #afb3 #f4 #c4 #e4 ,footnote #afc3 ,cf4 ,nem4 #g4 v4 #di ff4 ,footnote #afd3 ,vid4 ,hypo!sis3 4 ,footnote #afe3 ,fig4 #aj2 no4 #bci 9 ! ,jatta catalogue4 ,pub4 ,annali d4 ,in/4 #ahfh1 pl4 ,e ,engelmann's ,atlas zum ,hom]1 ii4 ,odyssee1 pl4 #d4 #ah2 cf4 ,vogel1 op4 cit4 p4 #cf ff4 ,footnote #aff3 ,cf4 simil> figures 9 figs4 #f1 #ah1 #bj4 ,footnote #afg3 ,! composition is /rik+ly l t 9 fig4 #ah4 ,! two temples are exact c\nt]p>ts ( ea* o!r4 ,! alt>s likewise & ! ,apollo figures h mu* 9 common4 ,mo/ important ( all is ! fact t 9 bo? pictures ! *ief p]sons are d5ot$ by inscriptions4 ,x %\ld be obs]v$ fur!r t bo? vases are ( ! same /yle1 amphoras ) volute h&les1 & bo? 7 f\nd 9 ,ruvo4 ,^! facts lead me to believe t "o & ! same arti/ may h be5 ! pa9t] ( bo? works4 ,footnote #afh3 ,cf4 figs4 #f1 #g1 #ah1 #bj1 #ba1 #bc4 ,footnote #afi3 ,! #bf? idyll ( ,!okritos %\ld also be c\nt$ ) ! ,bak*ai4 ,footnote #agj3 ,suidas s4 v4 ,!spis4 ,footnote #aga3 ,b "o v]se rema9s1 ,nauck's ,fragm5ta1 no4 #ahc4 ,footnote #agb3 ,a psykt] 9 ! ,b\rguignon coll41 ,naples2 pub4 ,jahrbu*1 #ahib1 pl4 #e4 ,! vase belongs to ! ,epiktetos set1 & may be dat$ cir4 #ejj ,b4,c4 ,footnote #agc3 ,! foll[+1 giv5 by ,h>twig1 ,jahrbu*1 #ahib1 p4 #aed ff41 may be m5tion$ z supplem5t+ ! li/ 9 ,jahn's well-kn[n essay1 ,p5!us und die ,ma9ad51 ,kiel1 #ahda4 7#a7 ,attic pyxis1 ,l\vre2 pub4 ,jahrbu*1 #ahib1 p4 #aef2 date #dbj-djj ,b4,c4 7#b7 ,kylix 9 ,museo di ,papa ,giulio1 ,rome1 describ$ by ,h>twig1 op4 cit4 p4 #afc1 :o ?9ks x may h well be5 influ5c$ by ,euripides1 b he sets ! date ( ! ,bak*ai at #daj ,b4,c46 ,i h n se5 ! vase nor any publication ( x1 b %\ld inf] f ,h>twig's description t x is old] ?an ! trag$y4 ,footnote #agd3 ,lucanian fabric1 no4 #hjg 9 ,jahn's cat41 pub4 ,jahn's ,p5!us und die ,ma9ad51 pl4 ii4 a2 ,re9a*-,mill+51 ,pe9tures1 pl4 #e ,baumei/]1 ,d5kml]1 ii4 no4 #acif4 ,footnote #age3 ,! orig9al %[s no trace ( ! fire t is s prom95t 9 ! publications4 ,!re c1 h[ev]1 be no d\bt t a burn+ tor* 0 meant1 if n s pa9t$ orig9ally4 ,footnote #agf3 vs4 #ied ff41 #ajeb1 #ajfa ff4 ,footnote #agg3 ,p4 #be above4 ,x %\ld be not$ t ?is is ! fir/ example ( a ,p5!us sc5e discov]$ 9 ,pompeii or ,h]culaneum4 ,footnote #agh3 ,p4 #bc above4 ,footnote #agi3 ,! episode seems to h be5 fir/ told 9 ! ( ,arkt9os4 ,polyx5a be+ l$ by ,neoptolemos to ! tomb ( ,a*illes appe>s on an ,attic bl4 fig4 vase ( cir4 #eej ,b4,c41 vid4 ,b]l9 cat4 #aijb2 pub4 ,ov]beck1 ,bildw]ke1 pl4 #bg4 #ag4 ,two gems ( ! sev]e /yle 9 ! ,b]l9 ,antiqu>ium 7nos4 #dhi1 #dij71 pub4 ,ov]beck1 op4 cit4 pl4 #bg4 #ac & #ad1 also repres5t ! sacrifice4 ,! pa9t+ 9 ! ,p9ako!ke ( ! ,propylaia may h be5 by ,polygnotos 7cf4 p4 #ba above71 & if x 01 ,euripides no d\bt _h (t5 se5 x4 ,?is %[$ h] ab\t to be sacrific$2 ,paus4 #a4 #bb4 #f4 ,footnote #ahj3 #8,meg>ian ,b[ls' is a "n appli$ to a class ( small cups decorat$ ) a b& ( relief4 ,! w>e is r$ or black1 & appe>s bo? 9 glaz$ & unglaz$ =m4 ,! l>ge/ numb] ( ! vases has be5 f\nd 9 ,meg>a1 h5ce ! "n #8,meg>ian4' ,z _m h be5 discov]$ also 9 ,boeotia & o!r places1 ! pres5t t]m9ology is some:at mislead+4 ,examples ( ?is w>e are to be f\nd 9 e l>ge museum 9 ,europe4 ,! ,briti% ,museum possesses no less ?an n9e su* cups1 & fragm5ts f f\rte5 o!rs 7vid4 cat4 iv4 pp4 #bea-bef74 ,! reliefs illu/rate mo/ly sc5es f ! ,!ban & ,trojan ,cycles4 ,:e!r ! t]ra cotta pres5t$ a *eap way ( reproduc+ silv] & gold cups1 :i* 7 highly priz$1 & s]v$ !re=e ! place ( our ca/s1 or :e!r ! b[ls 7 made f special m\lds & are to be consid]$ indep5d5t works ( art1 is q unc]ta94 ,! fact t !re are 9 exi/5ce ?ree copies ( ! same "w1 ea* agree+ 9 e detail ) ! o!rs1 w\ld seem to po9t to ! =m] supposition4 ,rob]t1 :o has h&l$ ?is set ( monum5ts mo/ ?or\ghly1 di/+ui%es two classes3 7#a7 ! :ole vase is ca/ f "o m\ld2 7#b7 ! reliefs hav+ be5 made sep>ately are /amp$ on ! ready b[l4 ,vid4 especially ,rob]t's ,hom]is*e ,be*] = ! :ole "q2 cf4 also p4 #bg ff4 above4 ,footnote #aha3 ,fig4 #ab1 pub4 by ,rob]t1 op4 cit4 p4 #gc ff4 ,footnote #ahb3 ,fig4 #ac3 pub4 ,mon4 d4 ,in/4 ii4 pl4 #ab2 ,welck]1 ,alte ,d5kml]1 iii4 pl4 #bc4 #b2 ,ov]beck1 ,bildw]ke1 pl4 #bh4 #b4 ,footnote #ahc3 ,! fir/ play belong$ to ! trilogy conta9+ ! ,aigeus & ,!seus1 :i* made up a set ( purely ,attic int]e/4 ,x is well kn[n t ,euripides deep5$ & wid5$ ! belief 9 ! ,a!nian h]oic p]iod4 ,footnote #ahd3 ,suidas names an ,hippolytos ( ,lykophron--a poet ( ,alex&ria4 ,footnote #ahe3 ,! ,pha$ra seems to h foll[$ ! fir/ ,hippolytos ( ,euripides4 ,footnote #ahf3 ,cf4 ,met4 #ae1 vs4 #dig ff41 & ,h]oid4 #d4 ,footnote #ahg3 ,cat4 iv4 ,f #bgb1 pub4 by ,braun1 ,mon4 ed ,annali1 #ahed1 pl4 #af2 ,engelmann's ,atlas zum ,hom]1 ii1 ,odyssee1 pl4 #ae4 #ic4 ,fir/ correctly int]pret$ by ,heydemann1 ,ar*4 ,ztg4 #ahga1 p4 #aeh ff42 cf4 also ,vogel1 op4 cit4 p4 #ff f41 & ,kalkmann1 ,ar*4 ,ztg4 #ahhc1 p4 #fb ff4 ,! vase is ,apulian w>e4 ,! l[] zone repres5ts ! viol5ce ( ! ,c5taurs at ! m>riage ( ,peiri?os' daught]1 ,laodameia4 ,!seus & ! fa!r are se5 ru%+ to ! help ( ! bride4 ,footnote #ahh3 ,! fact t no succession ( ev5ts1 :]e "o p]son appe>s m ?an once1 c be f\nd 9 ,hell5ic art1 =bids u int]pret+ ?is gr\p z aga9 ,phaidra & an att5dant4 ,i _c1 h[ev]1 rid myself ( ! feel+ t ! figure lean+ on ! kl9e is n a s]vant1 b is m 9 rank ) ,phaidra4 ,h] rle is m ?an t ( ! o!r att5dants4 ,?is is %[n by h] attitude & dress4 ,h] appe>ance is exactly t requir$ = ,phaidra aft] %e _h ord]$ h] att5dants to lift h] up1 remove h] veil1 & all[ h] hair to drop ov] h] %\ld]s 7vs4 #aih-bjb74 ,footnote #ahi3 ,cf4 ! "p ( ! p$agogue on ! ,m$eia vase1 fig4 #bc1 p4 #adf4 ,footnote #aij3 ,!re are1 besides1 fragm5ts ( sev]al o!r reliefs4 ,= ! lit]ature vid4 ,kalkmann1 ,ar*4 ,ztg4 #ahhc1 p4 #fe ff41 & ,jahn1 ,ar*4 ,beitrge1 p4 #cjj ff4 ,footnote #aia3 ,cf4 vs4 #bja ff4 ,footnote #aib3 ,pub4 ,ar*4 ,ztg4 #ahdg1 pl4 #e & #f4 ,footnote #aic3 ,pub4 ,mon4 d4 ,in/4 vi4 pl4 #a1 #b1 #c4 ,footnote #aid3 ,s on ! ,con/ant9ople relief1 pub4 ,ar*4 ,ztg4 #aheg1 pl4 #ajj ,brunn's ,vorlegebltt]1 pl4 #i4 #c2 & on ! ,girg5ti s>cophagi2 cf4 note #a above4 ,footnote #aie3 ,cl>ac1 ,muse de ,sculpture1 pl4 #bac1 no4 #bbh1 & ,mon4 d4 ,in/4 viii4 pl4 #ch4 #a ,wi5] ,vorlegebltt]1 s]4 #e1 pl4 #ab1 & ,g]h>d1 ,antike ,bildw]ke1 pl4 #bf4 ,footnote #aif3 ,a numb] ( vase pa9t+s int]pret$ z ,phaidra are n includ$ "h s9ce !y all admit ( a v>iety ( int]pretations4 ,vid4 p4 #agi bel[4 ,footnote #aig3 ,! rem>kable feature 9 ^! reliefs t %[s non-,euripidean influ5ce is ! lett] :i* ! old nurse h&s to ,hippolytos4 ,?is po9ts to ano!r h&l+ ( ! my?1 :]e ! =m] conf9$ h]self to a writt5 /atem5t r ?an a ^w ( m\? proposal4 ,/rik+ly 9 h>mony ) ,euripides1 h[ev]1 is ! position ( ! trophos4 ,%e grasps ,hippolytos' elb[-- 7v4 #fje74 ,cf4 also ! ,pompeian wall pa9t+1 ,mus4 ,borbonico1 #h1 pl4 #eb4 ,?is & o!r wall pa9t+s repres5t ! sc5e betwe5 ,hippolytos & ! nurse z tak+ place 9 ! pres5ce ( ,phaidra1 :o sits q alone4 ,footnote #aih3 ,cf4 fig4 #ae4 ,cat4 vol4 iv4 ,f #bgi2 pub4 by ,kalkmann1 ,ar*4 ,ztg4 #ahhc1 pl4 #f2 vid4 ibid4 p4 #dc ff4 ,footnote #aii3 ,cf4 a simil> gr\p 9 fig4 #bc4 ,footnote #bjj3 ,! same gr\p ( div9ities1 ) ! exception ( ,apollo1 occurs on ! ,naples amphora1 no4 #cbef1 pub4 ,mon4 d4 ,in/4 ii4 #cj1 & ,rob]t1 ,die ,m>a?ons*la*t1 p4 #cg2 ,rob]t calls att5tion to ! fact t ?is is an ess5tially ,a!nian assembly4 ,poseidon1 ,a!na1 & ,pan 7 insep>ably associat$ ) ! ,acropolis1 ! latt]1 ( c\rse1 aft] ! battle ( ,m>a?on4 ,! ,naples vase repres5ts a battle betwe5 ,greeks & b>b>ians1 & accord+ to ,rob]t's !ory is dep5d5t ^u ,polygnotos' pa9t+ 9 ! ,/oa ,poikile4 ,z p>ticipants & spectators ! gods occur 9 ! upp] section4 ,a!na1 inde$1 :irls into l9e on h] *>iot4 ,if ?is +5i\s !ory has hit ! gi/ ( ! matt] reg>d+ ! ,naples pa9t+1 !n we may also claim ! gr\p ( gods on ! ,hippolytos vase z peculi>ly ,a!nian4 ,& su* w\ld be v appropriate = a picture t repres5t$ an ,attic trag$y1 ^: h]o _h a cult "u ! %ad[ ( ! ,acropolis4 ,footnote #bja3 vs4 #aaii ff4 ,footnote #bjb3 v4 #abad2 cf4 also ,ovid1 ,met4 #ae4 #eab1 :]e ! bull is describ$ z hav+ 8 brea/ half out ( ! wat]4 ,footnote #bjc3 ,bk4 ii4 #d4 ,footnote #bjd3 ,nat4 ,hi/4 #ce4 #aad4 ,footnote #bje3 ,cf4 ,mon4 d4 ,in/4 vi4 pl4 #b2 ,ar*4 ,ztg4 #ahdg1 pl4 #f4 ,footnote #bjf3 ,krte1 ,i rilievi delle urne etrus*e1 ii4 pl4 #cc-cf4 ,footnote #bjg3 ,! urn 9 ! ,brit4 ,mus41 no4 #f1 pl4 #cf1 op4 cit41 has two su* figures4 ,footnote #bjh3 ,s ,b]gk & ,ribbeck4 ,footnote #bji3 v4 #bcd ff4 ,footnote #baj3 ,pl9y1 #ce4 #gc1 says ( ! picture1 oratorum laudibus celebrata4 ,num]\s m5tions are 9 fact made ( x by ! orators4 ,cf4 especially ,cic4 ,orat4 #bb4 #gd4 ,vid4 fur!r1 ,brunn's ,grie*4 ,kn/l]1 ii4 p4 #hb ff4 ,footnote #baa3 ,discov]$ ,april #cj1 #ahbe1 9 ! h\se ( ! #8,tragic ,poet'2 pub4 ,baumei/]1 ,d5kml]1 i4 no4 #hjg photo1 ,al9>i1 #abjbg4 ,vid4 ,helbig1 ,campanis*e ,w&gemlde1 no4 #acjd4 ,"h1 h[ev]1 ,iphig5eia is be+ c>ri$ 7cf4 ,ais*4 ,agam4 loc4 cit471 :ile ,pl9y speaks ( h] z /ans 9 ,timan!s' pa9t+4 ,footnote #bab3 ,pub4 ,baumei/]1 op4 cit4 i4 #hjf2 vid4 ,f4-,w4 no4 #badc4 ,footnote #bac3 ,vid4 ,mi*aelis 9 ,rm4 ,mit?4 #ahic1 p4 #bja ff42 cf4 p4 #d above4 ,footnote #bad3 ,brunn1 ,i rilievi delle urne etrus*e1 i4 pl4 #ce-dg4 ,!re are altoge!r tw5ty-six reliefs1 ( :i* tw5ty-"o belong to ,p]ugia4 ,cf4 ,s*lie1 ,die ,d>/ellung5 des trois*5 ,sag5kreises auf etruskis*5 ,as*5ki/51 p4 #fj f4 ,footnote #bae3 ,op4 cit4 p4 #ha f41 b cf4 my rem>ks on p4 #aj ff4 ,footnote #baf3 ,pub4 by ,rob]t1 ,hom]is*e ,be*]1 p4 #ea4 ,footnote #bag3 ,a second 9 ,a!ns1 pub4 4 4 #ahhg1 pl4 #e2 a ?ird1 on ! au?ority ( ,furtwngl] 7vid4 ,rob]t1 loc4 cit471 9 ! ,bran!gem coll4 9 ,brussels4 ,footnote #bah3 ,s at lea/ "o ?9ks ( ! case4 ,agamemnon ought to h be5 inside at ?is mom5t1 %ut (f f ! public gaze4 ,! ,greek drama1 h[ev]1 _h to br+ outside1 be=e ! public z x 71 ev5 ^? delicate sc5es su* z ! pres5t :]e ! int]ior ( ,agamemnon's t5t %\ld h be5 ! sc5e4 ,footnote #bai3 ,! "n occurs six times on ! vase1 & is always )\t an ,n4 ,?is is /rong epigraphical evid5ce t our spell+ ,klytaimne/ra is incorrect4 ,footnote #bbj3 ,p4 #aac f4 ,footnote #bba3 ,vid4 p4 #agi4 ,footnote #bbb3 ,cf4 ,ais*4 ,agam4 v4 #bbd ff42 ,eur4 ,iph4 ,t4 v4 #h & #cfj2 ,iph4 ,a4 v4 #hgc1 #hge1 #ice1 #aagg1 are h>dly to be tak5 9 ! lit]al s5se4 ,footnote #bbc3 ,elekt4 v4 #aeg & s*ol4 ,footnote #bbd3 ,cf4 ,proklos 9 ,argum4 to ,kypria4 ,footnote #bbe3 ,frag4 #abc1 & ,paus4 #a4 #dc4 #a4 ,footnote #bbf3 ,bk4 iv1 *4 #ajc1 & ,paus4 loc4 cit4 ,footnote #bbg3 ,vid4 ,suidas s4v4 ,footnote #bbh3 #adef;a4 #f2 #adec;b4 #aa4 ,footnote #bbi3 ,ribbeck1 ,die rmis*e ,tragdie1 p4 #ej4 ,footnote #bcj3 ,ribbeck ?9ks ( ,naevius4 ,footnote #bca3 ,= ^! la/ two sc5es z well z ! o!rs1 vid4 ,rob]t1 ,die antik5 ,s>kophag-,reliefs1 vol4 ii4 pl4 #eg-ei1 & p4 #afe f4 & #agg ff4 ,footnote #bcb3 ,fig4 #ag1 f ,ra\l-,ro*ette1 ,mon4 9d4 pl4 #da4 ,heydemann1 cat4 ,santangelo1 no4 #bd2 cf4 ,tr5del5burg 9 ,annali d4 ,in/4 #ahgb1 p4 #aad4 ,footnote #bcc3 ,vid4 ,rob]t1 op4 cit4 nos4 #aeg;b1 #afh1 #aga4 ,footnote #bcd3 ,a wall pa9t+ f ,h]culaneum1 pub4 ,pitture di ,ercolano1 i4 pl4 #ab2 ,ov]beck's ,bildw]ke1 pl4 #cj4 #i2 cf4 ,helbig1 ,campanis*e ,w&gemlde1 no4 #accd4 ,ano!r pa9t+ f ,pompeii is publi%$ 9 ,ar*4 ,ztg4 #ahge1 pl4 #ac2 = ! same on pa/es & gems cf4 ,ov]beck1 op4 cit4 pl4 #cj1 & ,furtwngl]'s ,bes*reibung d] ges*nitt55 ,/e9e im ,antiqu>ium 7,b]l971 nos4 #gia ff4 ,footnote #bce3 ,fig4 #ah f a ,ruvo amphora 9 ,naples4 ,heydemann1 no4 #cbbc4 ,pub4 ,mon4 d4 ,in/4 ii4 pl4 #dc2 ,ov]beck1 ,bildw]ke1 pl4 #cj4 #d4 ,vid4 ,annali d4 ,in/4 vol4 ix4 p4 #aih ff42 ,ar*4 ,ztg4 #ahge1 p4 #acg2 ,vogel1 ,sc55 eur4 ,trag4 p4 #gj ff4 ,footnote #bcf3 ,cf4 v4 #adfc1 :]e ! poet says ,iphig5eia is to be = ! ,brauronian ,artemis4 ,9 ,ais*4 ,supp41 also1 ,io is spok5 ( z at "o "t 4 ,cf4 v4 #bia4 ,footnote #bcg3 ,cf4 ! monum5ts 9 ,ov]beck's ,bildw]ke1 pl4 #cj1 t repres5t ?is sc5e2 & ! c5tral gr\p on ! front side ( ! ,muni* s>cophagus1 op4 cit4 no4 #afg4 ,footnote #bch3 ,artemis sits on an alt> 9 fig4 #ba1 z d ,ore/es & ,pylades on an ,etruscan mirror2 vid4 ,g]h>d's ,etruskis*e ,spiegel1 ii4 #bci1 & v4 #aag4 ,neoptolemos jumps ^u ! 9 ! ,&roma*e 7v4 #aabc7 to avoid 8 foes4 ,cf4 fig4 #aj1 p4 #hd4 ,footnote #bci3 ,cf4 ,rob]t1 op4 cit4 nos4 #agg & #agh1 ! ,b]l9 & ,weim> ,s>cophagi1 & no4 #ahj1 a fragm5t 9 ! c\rt ( ! ,palazzo ,mattei4 ,rob]t prop]ly ref]s to ! next foll[+ mom5t :5 ,ore/es & ,pylades are left alone ) ! *orus1 ,iphig5eia hav+ gone inside to br+ ! lett]4 ,9 ord] to obta9 j ! s>cophagi sc5es we h b to all[ ,iphig5eia to )draw aft] ! close ( h] spee*1 v4 #fdb4 ,footnote #bdj3 ,rob]t1 op4 cit4 pl4 #eg-ei1 & p4 #afe f4 & #agg ff42 ,ar*4 ,ztg4 #ahge1 p4 #acd ff4 ,footnote #bda3 ,! two wall pa9t+s publi%$ by ,ov]beck1 ,bildw]ke4 pl4 #cj1 nos4 #ca & #ad1 & int]pret$ z repres5t+ ?is same mom5t1 h s9ce be5 expla9$ by ,pet]s51 ,ar*4 ,ztg4 #ahfc1 p4 #aac ff41 z belong+ to ! ,alke/is4 ,:ile ! =m] view has be5 g5]ally giv5 up1 ! latt] has n by any means be5 ev]y:]e accept$4 ,x is1 at mo/1 probable4 ,footnote #bdb3 ,fig4 #ai1 pub4 ,ar*4 ,ztg4 #ahdi1 pl4 #ab ,ov]beck1 op4 cit4 pl4 #cj4 #g ,mon4 d4 ,in/4 iv4 pl4 #ea4 ,vid4 also "u #8,iphig5eia' 9 ,baumei/]1 & ,ros*]4 ,cf4 ,vogel1 op4 cit4 p4 #gb ff41 & ,ar*4 ,ztg4 #ahge p4 #acf4 ,footnote #bdc3 ,fig4 #bj1 no4 #dbj1 9 ! cat4 ( ! ,h]mitage1 pub4 ,mon4 d4 ,in/4 vi4 pl4 #ff2 cf4 ,annali d4 ,in/4 #ahfb1 p4 #aaf ff41 & ,/ephani 9 ,compte ,r5du1 #ahfc1 p4 #aei ff4 ,footnote #bdd3 ,compte ,r5du1 loc4 cit4 ,footnote #bde3 ,fig4 #ba2 pub4 9 ! ,bullett9o ar*eologico ,napolitano1 #ahfb1 pl4 #g1 & 9 ,brunn's ,vorlegebltt]1 pl4 #ac4 #a4 ,cf4 also ,vogel1 op4 cit4 p4 #gd ff4 ,footnote #bdf3 ,p4 #abd4 ,footnote #bdg3 ,cf41 h[ev]1 ,laborde's ,vases ,lamb]g1 i4 p4 #ad1 also ,annali d4 ,in/4 #ahdh1 pl4 ,l1 & ,ov]beck's ,bildw]ke1 pl4 #cj4 #h1 = a vase :i* probably %[s ! escape ) ! idol4 ,x is n c]ta91 b ?is seems to be :at is repres5t$4 ,! "w is v ord9>y4 ,footnote #bdh3 ,helbig1 no4 #accc1 pub4 9 ,mon4 d4 ,in/4 viii4 pl4 #bb2 photo1 ,al9>i1 no4 #abjbi4 ,cf4 ,helbig1 ,unt]su*ung5 b] die ,campanis*e ,w&mal]ei1 p4 #adg ff4 ,footnote #bdi3 ,ar*4 ,ztg4 #ahge1 p4 #add4 ,footnote #bej3 ,loc4 cit4 ,footnote #bea3 ,vid4 ,rm4 ,mit?4 #ahif1 p4 #fg4 ,footnote #beb3 ,we "k ( su* an orig9al1 ! fam\s pa9t+ ( ,timoma*us4 ,pl9y1 ,hi/4 ,nat4 #ce4 #acf1 says1 ,timoma*us ,byzantius ,caes>is dictatoris aetate ,aiacem et ,m$eam p9xit 444 ,,timoma*i ,,aeque ,,laudantur ,,ore/es1 ,,iphig5ia ,,9 ,,tauris4 ,fur!r ?an ?is we "k no?+ ( ! pa9t]4 ,t he 0 imm5sely popul> foll[s f ,pl9y's /atem5t 7loc4 cit47 t ,caes> paid #hj tal5ts = ?is ,aiax4 ,9 reg>d to ! date ( ,timoma*us we possess ,pl9y's au?ority = ,caes>is aetate4 ,rob]t def5ds ?is 7,ar*4 ,mr*51 p4 #acb71 :ile o!rs seek to f9d an e>li] date4 ,miss ,sell]s 9 ,! ,eld] ,pl9y's ,*apt]s on ! ,hi/ory ( ,art1 ,jex-,blake & ,sell]s1 p4 #afj f41 argues = ! f\r? c5tury ,b4,c4 ,vid4 loc4 cit4 = ! late/ discussion ( ?is pa9t]'s date1 z well z = ref]5ces to ! lit]ature4 ,fur!r ref]5ce may be made to ,helbig1 ,unt]su*ung51 p4 #adg ff41 :]e especially ! influ5ce ( ,timoma*us on ! wall pa9t+s is dwelt ^u4 ,footnote #bec3 ,cf4 ,ari/4 ,poet4 #addi;a4 #ai & #bj4 ,footnote #bed3 ,miss ,h>rison1 ,j4 ,h4 ,s4 #ahhc1 p4 #bdh ff41 has br\ght toge!r & discuss$ ?irte5 vases connect$ ) ?is my?1 ( :i* ! fir/ twelve are bl4 fig4 ,footnote #bee3 v4 #ii1 ,odysseus says he ?9ks !y h dropp$ d[n on a city ( ,bromios1 s _m are ! satyrs :om he sees be=e ! cave4 ,footnote #bef3 ,p4 #bc4 ,footnote #beg3 ,pl9y #ce1 #gd4 ,a ,cyclops dormi5s s l>ge t a numb] ( satyrs 7 engag$ 9 measur+ 8 ?umb ) a ?yrsos4 ,i foll[ ,rob]t 7,bild und ,li$1 p4 #ce7 & ,w9t] 7,jahrbu*1 #ahia1 p4 #bgb7 9 connect+ ?is pa9t+ ) ,euripides4 ,footnote #beh3 ,! pa9t+ is on a krat] 9 ! possession ( ,sir ,francis ,cook1 ,ri*mond1 ,engl&2 pub4 by ,w9t]1 ,jahrbu*1 #ahia1 pl4 #f4 ,he ?9ks ! "w ,attic1 b ,furtwngl] 7,ma/]pieces1 p4 #aji1 note #h7 is sure x is ,l[] ,italy w>e4 ,footnote #bei3 ,! ?ree eyes are pla9ly visible4 ,"o huge eye alone 9 ! c5tre ( ! =ehead belongs to lat] times4 ,footnote #bfj3 ,furtwngl]1 loc4 cit41 rem>ks t ! publication is n exactly correct1 z fire is pla9ly noticeable on ! wood t ! y\?s are contribut+4 ,footnote #bfa3 ,polyphemos "h is /rik+ly l ! figure on an ,etruscan urn4 ,brunn1 ,i rilievi1 i4 pl4 #hgc4 ,! ,kyklops is 9 bo? cases /ret*$ out ^u 8 left side1 & is on ! po9t ( be+ attack$4 ,footnote #bfb3 ,! poet m5tions ! krat]1 & 9 ! next brea? ! skyphos1 nei!r ( :i* is exactly f\nd 9 ! r\gh sket* 9 ! pa9t+4 ,besides ^!1 ,euripides names 9 ?is play ! kylix1 amphora1 & pi?os--a consid]able vocabul>y ( c]amic t]ms4 ,footnote #bfc3 ,my rem>k applies only to ! extant monum5ts1 = "o f9ds t ,pausanias saw ! m>riage ( ,jason & ,m$eia repres5t$ on ! ,kypselos ,*e/ 7#e4 #ah4 #c74 ,?is is 9 keep+ ) ! ,cor9?ian orig9 ( ! ,*e/4 ,x is h>dly to be expect$ t su* dome/ic ev5ts 9 ,m$eia's c>e] w\ld h f\nd _! place 9 any "w ( art t 0 n made 9 ,cor9?1 or at lea/ 9 a place ess5tially influ5c$ by ,cor9?ian leg5d4 ,footnote #bfd3 ,vid4 ,ar*4 ,ztg4 #ahfg1 p4 #eh4 ,footnote #bfe3 ,b5ndorf und ,s*ne1 ,die antik5 ,bildw]ke des ,lat]an5sis*5 ,museums1 p4 #fa ff42 ,f4-,w4 no4 #abjj4 ,! ,b]l9 copy ( ?is relief1 long suppos$ to be ( ,r5aissance orig91 has lately be5 prov$ to be antique2 vid4 ,kekul von ,/radonitz 9 ,jahrbu*1 #ahig1 p4 #if ff4 ,footnote #bff3 ,cf4 ,baumei/]'s ,d5kml]1 i4 p4 #adb2 ii4 p4 #hge2 iii4 p4 #aheb4 ,footnote #bfg3 ,kekul's ,die antik5 ,t]racott51 ii4 p4 #ba4 ,footnote #bfh3 ,vid4 ,ros*]'s ,lexikon1 ii4 p4 #beac4 ,footnote #bfi3 ,rob]t 9 ,die antik5 ,s>kophag-,reliefs1 ii4 p4 #bje-bag1 gives all ! lit]ature2 cf4 also pl4 #fb-fe4 ,vid4 ,ar*4 ,ztg4 #ahff1 p4 #bcd ff42 ,annali d4 ,in/4 #ahfi1 p4 #e ff42 ,urli*s' ,wrzburg] ,programm1 e9 ,m$ea-,s>kophag1 #ahhh4 7,?is f9e s>cophagus is n[ 9 ! ,b]l9 museum47 ,rob]t & ,urli*s h1 to my m9d1 %[n conclusively t ^! reliefs g back to ,euripides' ,m$eia = _! lit]>y s\rce4 ,not)/&+ t !y all date f ab\t ! second c5tury ,a4,d41 & c\ld ?us be bas$ on v>i\s ,roman plays1 ! arrangem5t ( ! ev5ts on ! reliefs be>s a rem>kable simil>ity to ! sc5es 9 ,euripides4 ,! reliefs on ! long sides are tak5 up ) exactly ! sc5es ( ! ,greek poet4 ,^? on ! ends are b indiff]5tly work$ out1 & (t5 d n repres5t any ev5ts 9 ! ,m$eia-,jason adv5tures4 ,footnote #bgj3 ,a half-tone reproduction ( ! vase is %[n 9 ! frontispiece4 ,! section ) ! pa9t+ is giv5 sep>ately 9 fig4 #bc4 ,x is no4 #haj 9 ,jahn's catalogue2 pub4 9 ,mill9's ,tombeaux de ,canose1 #ahaf1 pl4 #g2 ,ar*4 ,ztg4 #ahdg1 pl4 #c2 ,wi5] ,vorlegebltt]1 s]4 i4 pl4 #ab2 ,baumei/]'s ,d5kml]1 ii4 p4 #ijc2 ,ros*]'s ,lexikon1 ii4 p4 #beaj2 ,+hirami1 ,vasi fitt4 iv4 pl4 #chh2 ,engelmann1 ,bild]atlas zu ,ovid1 pl4 #ac1 #ha4 ,discuss$ by ,jahn1 ,ar*4 ,ztg4 #ahdg1 p4 #cc ff42 ibid4 7by ,dil!y7 #ahge1 p4 #fh f42 ,rob]t1 ,bild und ,li$1 p4 #cg ff41 & ,h]mes1 vol4 #cj1 p4 #efg note2 ,krte1 ,ueb] ,p]sonification5 psy*ologis*] ,affecte1 p4 #ch ff42 ,vogel1 ,sc55 eur4 ,trag4 p4 #adf ff42 ,seelig] 9 ,ros*]'s ,lexikon1 loc4 cit42 ,be!1 ,prolegom5a zur ,ges*i*te des ,!at]s im ,alt]tum1 p4 #adh1 note #f4 ,footnote #bga3 ,! latt] "n is f\nd 9 s*ol4 ,eur4 ,m$4 v4 #ai1 & 9 ,hyg9us4 fab4 #be4 ,footnote #bgb3 ,diod4 ,sic4 iv4 #ee4 #e1 calls ,kreusa's bro!r ,hippotes4 ,footnote #bgc3 ,! read+ 444 9 ,mill9's publication1 foll[$ also by ,conze 9 ! ,vorlegebltt] & by ,baumei/]1 is incorrect z ,jahn 7vid4 cat4 no4 #haj1 note7 expressly /at$1 & z is pla9ly prov$ by a glance at ! orig9al4 ,h5ce ! useless conjectures t h be5 made to fill up ! space betwe5 ! fir/ & la/ lett]s4 ,!re is absolutely no trace ( ! 1 b !re are fa9t rema9s ( lett]s prec$+ 1 & ! correct read+ is )\t "q1 4 ,footnote #bgd3 ,cf4 p4 #aeb1 & note #c4 ,footnote #bge3 ,?is inscription1 :i* is v di/9ct1 does n appe> 9 ,conze's publication4 ,all ! inscriptions occurr+ on ! palace are pa9t$ 9 :ite4 ,all o!rs are incis$4 ,footnote #bgf3 ,?is mom5t is %[n on ano!r vase 7vid4 fig4 #bd71 & s1 too1 on ! s>cophagi ,kreusa is always repres5t$ 9 ! mom5t ( fall+ or spr++ f ! 4 ,footnote #bgg3 ,9 spite ( ?is1 ,vogel1 p4 #adi1 asks1 ,w>um zeigt uns d] ,vas5mal] d5 ,kreon ni*t 9 dem ,aug5blicke1 wo er se9e ,to*t] von d5 unheilvoll5 ,brautges*5k5 d] ,m$eia befrei5 w1 sond]n 9 dem1 wo er b]wltigt von dem ,unglcke das ,scept] se95 ,hnd5 entfall5 ls/ und />r und se9] selb/ ni*t mehr m*tig se9e ,blicke auf die h]beieil5de ,m]ope l5kt8 i4 e4 :y did ! vase pa9t] n pa9t ano!r sc5e in/ead ( ! "o he did8 ,footnote #bgh3 ,cf4 note #g1 p4 #ade4 ,on fragm5t no4 #aig1 ,rob]t1 op4 cit41 ! arms ( ,kreon are incorrectly re/or$1 & 8 h&s are repres5t$ z clasp$4 ,on all ! reliefs ,kreon is turn$ t[>ds ,kreusa & n away1 z on ! vase4 ,i refuse1 h[ev]1 to believe ) ,jahn & o!rs t ,kreon is />+ at ,m]ope4 ,he sees no?+ & nobody4 ,footnote #bgi3 ,apollod4 ,i4 #i4 #c4 ,footnote #bhj3 ,soph4 ,o$4 ,rex1 v4 #gge1 ! wife ( 4 ,footnote #bha3 ,suppos+ ! ^w to be a pure inv5tion ( ! pa9t]1 !re are /ill 9 ,euripides sugge/ions ( ! "n if "o 7 seek+ su* = ! figure4 ,9 v4 #djd1 ,m$eia decl>es %e #8w n be a laugh+-/ock to ! race ( ,sisyphos & ,jason's new alliances'2 & 9 v4 #acha1 1 ! =m] que5s w\ld be sugge/$ ) ! "n ,m]ope4 ,x is b natural t ! vase pa9t] took ! "n ?us sugge/$ by ,euripides4 ,footnote #bhb3 ,p4 #adi4 ,footnote #bhc3 ,suidas ref]s to a ,m$eia by ,neophron4 ,ennius' ,m$ea 01 accord+ to ,cic]o1 ,de ,f94 #a4 #b4 #d1 a lit]al translation f ,euripides4 ,! ,m$ea exul by ! same poet has g5]ally be5 held to be a v]sion ( ,euripides' ,aigeus4 ,footnote #bhd3 ,h]mes1 vol4 #ca1 p4 #efg note4 ,footnote #bhe3 ,bild und ,li$1 p4 #db4 ,footnote #bhf3 ,zei*nung5 von ,s&ro ,botticelli zu ,dantes ,goettli*] ,komo$ie na* d5 ,orig9al5 im ,knig4 ,kupf]/i*kab9et zu ,b]l91 von ,dr4 ,f4 ,lippmann4 ,footnote #bhg3 ,9 canto iii1 ,*>on is an old man2 ,botticelli drew him z ! devil4 ,9 ! second plate to ?is same canto ! s\ls are swimm+ out to ,*>on's boat1 a fact :i* ,dante does n m5tion4 ,! illu/ration to canto xx has only two p]sons id5tical ) ^? ( ! poet1 & 9 ,purgatorio iii ! s\ls on ! %ore & 9 ! boat are additions ( ! arti/4 ,footnote #bhh3 ,cf4 ,dil!y 9 ,annali d4 ,in/4 #ahgf1 p4 #bid1 & pl4 #ce 9 ,mon4 d4 ,in/4 x4 ,footnote #bhi3 ,vid4 ,kle9's ,euphronios1 p4 #hi1 & ,wilam[itz-,moell5dorff1 ,h]4 ,fur4 vol4 ii1 ed4 #a1 p4 #bad4 ,footnote #bij3 ,cf4 fig4 #bd1 :]e ! female figure on ! left is none o!r ?an a nurse4 ,footnote #bia3 ,bild und ,li$1 p4 #ch4 ,footnote #bib3 ,cf4 figs4 #bd & #be & ,baumei/]'s ,d5kml]1 i4 p4 #adb4 ,footnote #bic3 ,x w be obs]v$ t ! writ] does n %>e ! view ( ,be!1 ,prolegom5a zur ,ges*i*te des ,!at]s im ,alt]tum1 p4 #adb ff41 t ! ,flugmas*9e 0 n 9 use 9 ! ,greek !atre be=e #dbe ,b4,c4 ,rob]t1 ,h]mes1 vol4 #ca1 p4 #ecj-egg1 has conclusively %[n ! incorrectness ( ,be!'s argum5ts1 & n only prov$ ! use ( ! ,flugmas*9e = ! ,m$eia1 #dca ,b4,c41 b also = a mu* e>li] date4 ,be!'s rem>k1 ,demna* i/ fr die er/e ,auffhrung d] ,m$ea im ,jahre #dca ihr ,ers*e95 9 d] ,hhe1 also au* die ,anw5dung d] ,flugmas*9e1 ni*t mgli* 7p4 #adf71 is bas$ ^u a false conception ( ! res\rces at h& 9 t p]iod ( ,a!nian ar*itectural activity4 ,footnote #bid3 ,x has already be5 po9t$ out above1 p4 #aei1 t ,m$eia ent]$ ! palace to slay ! boys1 & t !y might or might n h be5 alone4 ,at any rate x 0 n all[able to repres5t !m 9 art )\t "s old] companion4 ,rob]t's rem>k1 ,bild und ,li$1 p4 #ci1 ,d5 ,k9d]n die b]eits bei d] ,mutt] angelangt s9d1 muss ab] jetzt no* e9 &]] ,begleit] zuge/ellt w]d51 is inexplicable4 ,:]e _h ! *ildr5 gone to rea* _! "m8 ,0 x n j ! rev]se1 viz4 t ! "m _h gone to !m8 ,footnote #bie3 iv4 #ed4 #g4 ,footnote #bif3 ,"o mu/ rememb] t ,diodorus ga!r$ 8 exc]pts toge!r at lea/ #cjj ye>s aft] ! date ( our vase1 dur+ all ( :i* "t ! my?ograph]s _h be5 busy help+ to /raight5 out ! family affairs t ! trag$ians ( ! fif? c5tury _h treat$ imp]fectly6 ,footnote #big3 ,z a matt] ( fact ?is ref]5ce1 al?\gh br\ght 9 "u ano!r ?an ! fir/ rem>k1 :]e ?ree sons are nam$1 1 1 iv4 #ed4 #a1 seems to me to speak ( a common orig91 & ,i hold bo? z com+ f ! same au?ority1 "u ^: influ5ce our vase pa9t] c]ta9ly nev] /ood4 ,footnote #bih3 ,eur4 ,ore/4 v4 #gia4 ,footnote #bii3 ,z 9 ! ,m$eia1 no?+ is said to indicate h[ ! *>iot 0 drawn4 ,x is only f ! monum5ts & lat] lit]>y ref]5ces 7vid4 ,argum4 to ! ,m$eia & s*ol4 on v4 #acbj7 t "o le>ns ( ! dragons2 or is ! utt]ance ( ,jason1 vs4 #abig f41 ' '1 an intimation ( ! /range escape ( ! sorc]ess8 ,h[ 0 ,lyssa's *>iot drawn8 ,:y n also by dragons8 ,footnote #cjj3 ,cf4 fig4 #bf1 :]e ! figure t /&s beside ! dragons has be5 id5tifi$ z or 4 ,t ! latt] is ! *ild ( night h>monizes well ) ! night escape indicat$ by ,sel5e & ! />s on ?is vase4 ,footnote #cja3 ,on a vase ( ,as/eas1 vid4 p4 #agi bel[1 :i* %[s ,h]akles 9 ! act ( murd]+ 8 sons1 ! pa9t] calls ! p]sonification ( ,lyssa1 mania4 ,footnote #cjb3 ,m5tion %\ld be made "h ( ! ,p>ian inscription1 :i* gives u ! curi\s in=mation t !re 0 a society ( hetairai e/abli%$ "u ! patronage ( ! goddess 2 cf4 ,p]nice1 ,a!n4 ,mit?4 #ahic1 p4 #af4 #b1 & ,maass1 ibid4 p4 #be f4 ,!re is1 ( c\rse1 a wide di/9ction betwe5 ! p]sonification & ! cult use ( 1 b x is wor? :ile to po9t out t ,eur4 ,hipp4 vs4 #acjj ff41 gives ! same notion t ,maass sugge/s & supports by a quotation f ,paullus ,sil5ti>ius 7,an?4 ,plan4 v4 #bcd71 :]e occurs4 ,artemis1 speak+ to ,!seus ( ,hippolytos' dea? & its cause1 says1 ' ' 1 1 ' 1 1 :]e we may suppose ,euripides to h ?\ght ( ,phaidra z possess$ ) 1 :i* means 7v4 #acja71 i4e4 7v4 #acjd74 ,footnote #cjc3 ,cf4 ,ais*4 ,p]s4 vs4 #fha-hdb1 :]e ! ( ,d>eios is "o ( ! dramatis p]sonae4 ,also ,eur4 ,hek41 :]e ! prologue is spok5 by ! ( ,polydoros4 ,footnote #cjd3 ,dil!y1 ,ar*4 #bai1 #ahge1 p4 #ga1 foll[$ also by ,vogel1 ,sc54 eur4 ,trag4 p4 #aea4 ,h[ d ^! s*ol>s acc\nt = ! appe>ance ( ,meg>a & h] sons ^u ! #8"u-_w' vases :]e ,h]akles is also repres5t$ 9 8 la/ lab\r ( captur+ ,k]b]os8 ,?is latt] mu/ h be5 f9i%$ & ,h]akles mu/ h return$ to ! upp] _w be=e ,meg>a & ! boys c\ld be ?\ght ( z 9 fact 9 ! "u-_w4 ,footnote #cje3 ,bild und ,li$1 p4 #ci f4 ,footnote #cjf3 ,p4 #aef above4 ,footnote #cjg3 ,cp4 among o!r places 9 ! ,m$eia1 vs4 #acc1 #cbh1 #dje1 #dge ff41 #ecf ff41 #eej1 #accj4 ,footnote #cjh3 ,cf4 ! ,d>eios vase 9 ,naples1 also f\nd 9 ,canosa2 pub4 ,baumei/]'s ,d5kml]1 i4 no4 #ddi2 also ! co/ume ( ! judges on ! s-call$ #8"u-_w' vases1 pub4 ,wi5] ,vorlegebltt]1 s]4 ,e4 #a-c4 ,footnote #cji3 ,apoll4 ,rhod4 #a4 #abb & #cda ff42 ,hyg4 fab4 #ad2 ,diod4 ,sic4 iv4 #ec4 #d4 ,footnote #caj3 ,apoll4 ,rhod4 #a4 #ajh ff42 ,apollod4 #a4 #i4 #af2 ,hyg4 fab4 #ad4 ,footnote #caa3 ,apoll4 ,rhod4 #a4 #adf ff42 ,paus41 #a4 #ah4 #a1 relates t 9 ! temple ( ! ,diosk\roi 9 ,a!ns1 kn[n also z ! ,anakeion1 ,mikon pa9t$ ev5ts f ! ,argonautic exp$ition4 ,footnote #cab3 ,fig4 #bd4 ,heydemann1 cat4 ,mus4 ,santangelo1 no4 #ebf4 ,pub4 9 ,ra\l-,ro*ette's ,*oiseaux de ,pe9tures1 p4 #bfc4 ,discuss$ by ,jahn1 ,ar*4 ,ztg4 #ahfg1 p4 #ei1 & ref]r$ to by ,vogel1 ,sc54 eur4 ,trag4 p4 #aea4 ,footnote #cac3 ,fig4 #be2 pub4 ,ra\l-,ro*ette1 ,*oiseaux de ,pe9tures1 p4 #bgg4 ,describ$ by ,jahn1 ,ar*4 ,ztg4 #ahfg1 p4 #fj2 cf4 ,vogel1 op4 cit4 p4 #gi4 ,footnote #cad3 ,fig4 #bf4 ,heydemann1 no4 #cbba1 ,a4 ,cf4 ,ar*4 ,ztg4 #ahfg1 p4 #fb & pl4 #bbd4 #a4 ,footnote #cae3 ,! ,!ban ,cycle 0 h&l$ 9 ! & ! 1 f :i* ! trag$ians probably drew _! mat]ial4 ,= ! subject 9 ! fif? c5tury ,b4,c4 vid4 ,b5ndorfs ,h]oon von ,gjlbas*i1 p4 #ahg ff4 & pl4 #bd4 ,a#a-;,a#e4 ,kapaneus' cata/rophe 9 attempt+ to /orm ! walls 0 (t5 %[n4 ,cf4 ,wi5] ,vorlegebltt]1 #ahhi1 pl4 #aa1 nos4 #ac1 #ad1 #af1 #ag4 ,! dea? ( ,amphi>aos 0 ano!r popul> /ory4 ,cf4 ,wi5] ,vorlegebltt]1 #ahhi1 pl4 #aa4 #h4 #ae4 ,!re are _m int]e/+ monum5ts :i* repres5t ! conf]5ce ( ! *iefs be=e ! assault4 ,cf4 especially ! fam\s ,etruscan gem ) inscriptions nam+ ,polyneikes1 ,amphi>aos1 ,adra/os1 ,tydeus1 & ,p>!nopaios2 pub4 ,wi5] ,vorlegebltt]1 #ahhi1 pl4 #aa4 #e2 ,baumei/]1 ,d5kml]1 iii4 no4 #ahci1 no4 #cfi 9 ,bild]heft4 ,an ,etruscan mirror1 ,g]h>d1 ,etruskis*e ,spiegel1 ii4 pl4 #agh1 gives ,adra/os1 ,amphi>aos1 & ,tydeus4 ,footnote #caf3 ,brit4 ,mus41 vase cat4 vol4 iv4 ,g #ajd4 ,pub4 ibid4 pl4 #af4 ,cf4 ,class4 ,review1 #ahid1 p4 #cbe4 ,footnote #cag3 ,! fratricide1 s common on ! ,etruscan urns1 is r>e on ,greek monum5ts4 7#a7 ,! gr\p 0 on ! ,kypselos ,*e/ 7,paus4 #e4 #ai1 #f74 7#b7 ,py?agoras work$ ! bro!rs 9 m>ble 7vid4 ,ov]beck1 ,s*riftquell51 no4 #eja74 7#c7 ,"o gr\p on ! ,h]on f ,gjlbas*i1 cf4 ,b5ndorf1 op4 cit4 pl4 #bd4 ,a4 #c4 ,!re are ?irty urns repres5t+ ! sc5e3 vid4 ,krte1 ,i rilievi delle urne etrus*e1 ii4 pl4 #h-bj1 & #cf1 & supplem5t4 p4 #bfa ff4 ,cf4 fur!r ,ov]beck's ,bildw]ke1 pl4 #e & #f4 ,an ,etruscan mirror1 :i* %[s a composition rem>kably l t 9 ! inside ( ! ,p5!sileia kylix 7,muni*1 no4 #cgj1 pub4 ,ov]beck1 ,bildw]ke1 pl4 #ag4 #c71 & mu/ be f a fif? c5tury patt]n1 is p]haps ! olde/ ( ! extant repres5tations4 ,vid4 ,g]h>d1 ,etruskis*e ,spiegel1 v4 pl4 #ie4 ,footnote #cah3 ,brit4 ,mus41 cat4 iv4 ,g #ajea2 pub4 ,wi5] ,vorlegebltt]1 #ahhi1 pl4 #i4 #ac2 ,rob]t1 ,hom]is*e ,be*]1 p4 #ei2 fir/ correctly int]pret$ by ,murray1 ,class4 ,rev4 #ahhh1 p4 #cbh4 ,,ox=d3 ,,horace ,,h>t ,,pr9t] ,,to ,,! ,,univ]sity ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,transcrib]',s ,,notes #a4 ,p4 xx1 *ang$ 8,sc55 euripidei%] ,tragdi5 9 grie*is*5 ,vas5gemld50 to 8,sc55 euripideis*] ,tragdi5 9 grie*is*5 ,vas5gemld504 #b4 ,p4 #abh1 *ang$ 8,9 h] left close by h] side0 to 8,9 h] left h& close by h] side04 #c4 ,sil5tly correct$ typographical errors & v>iations 9 spell+4 #d4 ,ar*aic1 non-/&>d1 & unc]ta9 spell+s reta9$ z pr9t$4 #e4 ,footnotes 7 re-index$ us+ numb]s & collect$ toge!r at ! end ( ! la/ *apt]4 #f4 ,enclos$ italics font 9 und]scores4 #g4 ,sup]scripts are d5ot$ by a c>et be=e a s+le sup]script "* or a s]ies ( sup]script$ *>act]s enclos$ 9 curly braces1 e4g4 ,mr4 or ,mi/]4 #h4 ,subscripts are d5ot$ by an und]score be=e a s]ies ( subscript$ *>act]s enclos$ 9 curly braces1 e4g4 ,h#b,o4