,sunset's ,,cabin ,,plan ,,book ,illustration3 ,cabin ,edited by ,,ralph ,p4 ,,dillon ,illustrations by ,,norman ,,gordon ,cabin ,renderings by ,,clemens ,,friedell ,,published ,,by ,,sunset ,,magazine ,,san ,,francisco1 ,,california ,,copyright #aiah1 ,,lane ,,publishing ,,co4 ,,first ,,edition ,,printed ,,in ,u4 ,s4 ,a4 ,,foreword ,every ,westerner wants a 8vacation home06 ,perhaps it is the nearness to pioneer days that makes us so alive to mountain forests and ocean sands4 ,sunset's ,cabin ,plan ,book is primarily for those who are still in the 8talking stage40 ,however1 there is much valuable information in its pages for those who already are enjoying the pleasures of a 8second home10 where they spend week-ends and vacation days1 living comfortably though simply at any time of the year1 while enjoying our ,western heritage of the great outdoors4 ,the planning of a mountain cabin or beach cottage deserves just as careful and thoughtful consideration as the planning of a real home1 though the actual construction is likely to be on a fairly simple scale4 ,the size of the cabin1 whether it is built of logs1 stone or finished lumber1 depends upon what you intend to use it for--a week-end cottage for yourself and your family1 a hunting lodge1 a vacation home1 or a little place where you can go off and examine the state of your soul in the quiet of the woods4 ,you should consider the number in the family and the number of guests likely to be included1 for 8week-end cabin0 should not be a synonym for active discomfort4 ,crowding may be jolly for a few hours or possibly for one night1 but seldom longer than that4 ,the collection of cabin plans in this book is representative of what we believe to be the best in ,western vacation-home designing4 ,the floor plans embody features that may be shifted from one to another1 since these are not necessarily working plans1 but suggestions around which you and your architect or contractor-builder can create a cabin to fill your own needs4 ,the same holds true of the cabin sketches themselves4 ,you need not sheathe your cabin in bevel siding just because it's that way in the picture4 ,the same plan can be used for a shingle house or one of board and batten4 ,no attempt has been made to set down detailed instructions for building any particular cabin1 since no two are exactly alike1 but we have tried to present the information needed by an amateur who wants to build his own place or oversee the work of a crew of country laborers4 ,in addition to the cabin plans and visualizations there are numerous pages of cabin lore gathered from many sources as well as from the practical experiences of the ,sunset ,staff4 ,cost estimates have been omitted purposely1 as there are so many factors affecting the price of materials1 labor1 and transportation in various localities4 ,figures based on one locality would not hold good in another4 ,the distance from sources of supply is also an influence1 because materials hauled only a few miles would cost far less than if they were shipped a hundred miles and then transported by truck to the cabin site4 ,really1 the only satisfactory answer to the cost problem is to take your plans to a builder in the neighborhood of your locality and get his figures4 ,or if you plan to do some of the work yourself with local labor1 your lumberman may be able to help you with cost estimates4 ,if you want an individual and specialized design1 the services of an architect should be seriously considered4 ,we hope the ideas in this ,cabin ,plan ,book not only be inspiring but also so practical and usable4 ,note3 ,working drawings of the cabin plans are not available4 ,this is in keeping with the publisher's policy to furnish ideas but not an architectural service4 ,,contents ,page ,selecting the ,site for ,your ,vacation ,home #c ,your ,water ,supply and ,sanitary ,facilities #f ,cabin ,foundations #h ,building the ,cabin ,fireplace #aj ,building the ,log ,cabin #ac ,building a ,cabin of ,stone #ag ,frame ,cabins and ,beach ,houses #ai ,thirty ,cabin ,plans #ba-dh ,cabin ,conveniences #di ,cabin ,miscellany #ea-fc ,fireplace and ,barbecue ,ideas #ea-ee ,beds and ,bunks #eg-eh ,a ,score and ,more of ,cabin ,ideas #ei-fc ,bibliography #fd ,,selecting ,,the ,,site ,,for ,,your ,,vacation ,,home ,illustration3 ,,selecting ,,the ,,site ,,for ,,your ,,vacation ,,home ,since you have decided to build a vacation home1 your first problem is to find a location4 ,the whole family will have something to say about this--half the fun of building a cabin or beach house is the planning of various details in family councils4 ,no doubt1 by the time you discover the region in which you would like to build1 friends will have told you many of the important things to look for4 ,however1 here are a number that should help you4 ,if it is to be a summer vacation home and you have a car1 the distance from home isn't so important1 because the ,pacific ,coast's network of fine roads offers easy access to almost every area4 ,on the other hand1 if you are going to be a 8week-ender10 don't choose a site too far away4 ,it isn't fun to spend most of your weekend traveling to and from the cabin1 and your friends will avoid you--but perhaps that's your intention6 ,cost of construction is important4 ,it's all very well to build a place out in the wilds1 but the farther you go from civilization the more it costs to transport men and materials to your cabin site4 ,watch the ,distance ,with the whole ,pacific ,coast to choose from it shouldn't be too hard to find an area that suits all the family4 ,you will be smart to pick a spot not more than an easy day's drive from home4 ,if it is only a few hours away1 so much the better4 ,within less than one day's drive from most points on the ,pacific ,coast you can lose yourself in a paradise of forests1 lakes and mountains1 or stand on the ocean shore and hear the breakers boom4 ,naturally1 you'll want to invest most of your money in the cabin or beach house itself4 ,that being the case the best place to go for low-cost mountain cabin sites is the ,united ,states ,forest ,service1 which controls millions of acres of the finest timber and mountain country in the world4 ,beach property1 on the other hand1 is largely a commercial proposition1 and you'll more than likely have to consult your real estate dealer4 ,the ,national ,forests offer cabin sites to suit every taste and every purse4 ,however1 certain areas are not open to settlement1 and all cabins must conform to standards set by the ,forest ,service4 ,you can't buy the land1 but you can occupy it under ,special ,use ,permit4 ,you get low cost1 freedom from crowding and assurance that the area will not be ruined by commercialization4 ,the ,forest ,service opens new tracts for summer cabin sites when those opened in previous years are filled4 ,cabins are not crowded together as they are in some commercial tracts4 ,many ,sites ,available ,there are eighteen ,national ,forests in ,california alone and dozens of others in the western states offering a diversity of climate and natural conditions4 ,of course1 not all of the forests are available for cabin sites1 but there is a large group from which to select4 ,most of the tracts available in ,national ,forests are in groups of from six to one hundred lots or more1 each lot averaging about acre1 depending upon topography and cover4 ,to obtain a cabin permit from the ,forest ,service1 write or call on the ,supervisor or nearest ,ranger of the particular forest in which you think you'd like to live4 ,ask him what areas1 if any1 are open in his ,national ,forest4 ,if he has a forest officer available1 he will arrange for him to visit the property with you4 ,a personal visit is desirable but not absolutely necessary before applying for a permit4 ,application for permit may be made in writing to the ,forest ,supervisor1 or ,forest ,ranger1 specifying the location of the property1 the use to be made of it 7summer cabin1 hotel or resort7 and the estimated cost of the improvements you intend to make4 ,permits are granted strictly on a 8first come--first served0 basis4 ,the cost--and this will amaze you--averages about #ae per year for cabin sites1 depending on the size and location of the property4 ,each permit is renewable annually4 ,you may sell your cabin at any time1 but the transaction must be approved by the ,forest ,service4 ,illustration3 ,map showing location of ,national ,forests in the ,west ,don't depend on your own knowledge of the outdoors when you pick a cabin site4 ,the local forest officer knows more about his particular locality than anyone else1 and he'll be glad to help you4 ,when seeking information about a particular forest1 be sure you write to the officer in charge of that forest1 because he is the only one with a complete file of data on it4 ,if you don't know who your nearest forest supervisor is1 write to the nearest regional forester4 ,here's a list of offices3 ,region ,no4 #a 7,northern ,idaho1 ,montana1 ,south ,dakota1 ,western ,washington7--,federal ,bldg41 ,missoula1 ,montana ,region ,no4 #b 7,colorado1 ,nebraska1 ,oklahoma1 ,south ,dakota1 ,eastern ,wyoming7--,post ,office ,bldg41 ,denver1 ,colorado ,region ,no4 #c 7,arizona1 ,new ,mexico7--,federal ,bldg41 ,albuquerque1 ,n4 ,m4 ,region ,no4 #d 7,colorado1 ,southern ,idaho1 ,nevada1 ,utah1 ,western ,wyoming7--,forest ,service ,bldg41 ,ogden1 ,utah ,region ,no4 #e 7,california and ,western ,nevada7--,phelan ,bldg41 ,san ,francisco1 ,calif4 ,region ,no4 #f 7,oregon and ,washington7--,post ,office ,bldg41 ,portland1 ,oregon ,region ,no4 #g 7,kentucky1 ,maine1 ,new ,hampshire1 ,pennsylvania1 ,vermont1 ,virginia1 ,west ,virginia7--,victor ,bldg41 ,washington1 ,d4 ,c4 ,region ,no4 #h 7,alabama1 ,arkansas1 ,florida1 ,georgia1 ,louisiana1 ,mississippi1 ,north ,carolina1 ,south ,carolina1 ,oklahoma1 ,tennessee1 ,texas1 ,puerto ,rico7--,glenn ,bldg41 ,atlanta1 ,ga4 ,region ,no4 #i 7,illinois1 ,indiana1 ,iowa1 ,michigan1 ,minnesota1 ,missouri1 ,north ,dakota1 ,ohio1 ,wisconsin7--,federal ,bldg41 ,milwaukee1 ,wisconsin ,region ,no4 #aj 7,alaska7--,federal ,territorial ,bldg41 ,juneau1 ,alaska ,when you apply for a permit1 you must agree to install permanent improvements costing at least #ejj1 including labor4 ,only one residence may be constructed on a lot1 and in order to prevent the erection of unsightly 8shacks0--some people's ideas on cabins would surprise you--each permitee must submit his plans for approval before a permit will be issued4 ,all buildings and all roofs must be painted1 oiled or stained4 ,if paint is used1 the color must harmonize with the forest background1 and be approved by the ,forest ,supervisor4 ,that does not mean that everything has to be brown and green1 but the forest is no place for a pink stucco cottage4 ,permanent construction must be completed by the end of the second season after the permit is issued4 ,cabins built under 8special use0 permits must be occupied at least fifteen days each year by the permittee or his family1 unless special arrangement is made with the ,forest ,service4 ,the principal requirements of the ,forest ,service regarding cabins are that they be built in a workmanlike manner with substantial roofs1 floors1 doors1 windows1 brick or masonry chimneys1 toilets and garbage containers of a type approved by the ,forest ,supervisor4 ,the general ensemble must be in harmony with the forest background4 ,you don't have to build your house just like your neighbor's1 but all cabins do have to be of an approved and attractive rustic style4 ,in large colonies you may be required to install a chemical toilet or septic tank1 a piped water system1 or other improvements to safeguard the general health of the community4 ,ask about these things4 ,if you build in a colony of summer homes1 you must agree to abide by any rules and regulations agreed upon by a majority of the permit holders if they have or organize a cooperative public service group4 ,choice of the actual site for a mountain cabin depends on drainage1 view1 shelter from storms1 sunlight1 ease of access1 and so on4 ,probably the best location is one on a gentle slope1 which assures that rain and snow will drain off1 with the front of the cabin facing the center of interest and the principal windows placed to catch the prevailing breezes4 ,a slope is somewhat more difficult to build on than flat land1 but in wet weather you won't find puddles in front of the door and the floor won't get damp4 ,remember1 you don't have tile sewers to carry off the water4 ,too steep a hillside makes building even more expensive1 calling either for excavation or extra foundations4 ,while a hillside site is attractive1 it's pretty tiresome lugging supplies up hill4 ,if you build on a slope or hillside1 find out about the normal rainfall4 ,you may need a watershed at the upper side of your lot to keep the run-off from trickling down into your cabin4 ,a shallow ditch or a low wall is enough protection--but a necessary one4 7,see ,fig4 #a47 ,here are a few other details to think about3 ,how near is the lot to a good road8 ,it doesn't have to be close to a main highway1 but is it possible to reach your lot with a fair amount of convenience8 ,can you get supplies or help in case of emergency without too great effort8 ,next1 how's the water supply8 ,water is one of the most important considerations4 ,the forest officer can tell you what the stage of the water table is at your location1 and you can decide what kind of well you will need4 ,above all1 don't plan to use the local trout stream or lake for drinking water4 ,it may be a lovely lake1 and the stream may ripple over pretty stones like tinkling bells1 but pretty water isn't necessarily pure water4 ,there are in the ,national ,forests a number of associations of ,special ,use ,permittees4 ,these associations are formed partly for the advantages of collective bargaining and partly for the installation of certain facilities on a tract basis4 ,many of these associations have installed water systems1 financed by assessments against the lot owners4 ,the winter climate is an important factor if you build in the snow country4 ,in the mountains you may get snow ten feet or more in depth--and ten feet of snow weighs a lot4 ,that requires extra sturdy construction of the cabin roof4 ,actually1 in a ,national ,forest you'll find that a good deal of the selection has been done by the ,service for you4 ,about all you have to do is to find the particular one that is most pleasing to the whole family and offers the greatest possibilities consistent with the money you have to spend4 ,you can be absolutely sure that you will get the lot you pick out4 ,nor need you worry that after you get your pet cabin built someone else will build 8,ye ,olde ,hot ,dogge ,shoppe0 across the road4 ,in selecting a site for a beach house don't be led into buying too close to the water4 ,remember that ocean storms often send the waves far up on land1 so be sure to get expert advice on the safety of your location4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #a ,,retaining ,,wall ,,cabin ,,masonry ,,or ,,concrete ,,wall1 ,,or ,,dug ,,ditch ,,to ,,detour ,,the ,,surface ,,water ,,your ,,water ,,supply ,,and ,,sanitary ,,facilities ,illustration3 ,,your ,,water ,,supply ,,and ,,sanitary ,,facilities ,one of the first major problems that confronts the city dweller starting the construction of a summer home is the water supply--or lack of it4 ,not only is water hard to get1 comparatively speaking1 but it is not always safe to use when obtained unless care is taken to see that its source is pure4 ,water cannot safely be declared fit for human consumption unless the surface of the well or spring remains permanently above the level of all nearby sources of pollution4 ,tight well platforms and casings1 clean grounds and wide separation from probable channels of impure drainage are the best safeguards4 ,power ,pump ,most ,convenient ,if you are content to pump your water by hand and do without a flush-type toilet and bath or shower1 then a dug well with a bucket and windlass or one with a hand pump is sufficient4 ,on the other hand1 if you are wise you will install a small power pump--the cost is quite reasonable--and a storage tank1 which can be either in the top of the house or on some nearby high ground4 ,in estimating the amount of water you'll need figure that the average bath takes #cj gallons1 one flush of a toilet #d to #f gallons4 ,government experts estimate the consumption of water per person in #bd hours is #d to #h gallons if only a hand pump is provided2 if one faucet is installed1 domestic uses require #g to #ae gallons per person2 if the house is equipped with hot and cold water in kitchen1 bath and laundry1 the consumption rises to #bj-be gallons1 a family average of #ajj gallons every #bd hours4 ,that's a lot of water to carry in pails or pump by hand4 ,if you build your cabin in the mountains1 you may not have much success digging a well because bedrock may be close beneath the surface4 ,if you build in or near some community of vacation homes1 you can find out what method others employ in the neighborhood4 ,in the more established communities you may find a co-operative water system in existence4 ,many of the privately developed summer home areas are served by local utility companies4 ,test ,your ,water ,frequently ,if you are lucky enough to have a spring on your property1 the water will probably be good--but test it first1 and test it periodically thereafter--at least once a year4 ,then build a tight covering for the spring to keep out dirt and wandering animals and pipe the water to your house4 7,see illustration below47 ,illustration3 ,cover your spring and fence it to keep out animals4 ,the ditch helps prevent surface water from contaminating your house supply4 ,in some localities sub-surface conditions may be satisfactory for a dug well4 ,it takes at least two men and a lot of work4 ,one digs the earth out and the other raises it by a bucket and windlass4 ,such a well should be lined with concrete or vitrified pipe and should have a tight covering4 ,the best covering is a concrete well curb and a concrete or heavy wooden lid through which the pump pipe passes4 ,a man-hole must be built1 too1 to allow entry for cleaning the well occasionally4 7,see ,fig4 #b47 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #b ,,manhole ,,cover ,,hole ,,for ,,pipe ,,to ,,pump ,,cemented ,,joints ,,concrete ,,or ,,clay ,,manhole ,,cover ,a driven well1 which is successful in some locations1 can be made by two men also1 although it's not an easy job4 ,the point1 a special length of pipe with a sharp steel point and screened openings to let the water in1 is driven into the earth with a heavy maul or with a weight on a block and tackle4 ,it is not practicable to sink such a well over #ajj feet--a drilled well is easier and less trouble4 ,the ultimate source of your water supply should be definitely determined before you buy or lease a summer homesite4 ,before you start a well of any kind you would be wise to obtain the best available local advice4 ,sanitation ,important ,the average city dweller is likely to overlook the important part sanitation plays in his daily life4 ,therefore1 many summer homes are equipped with meager facilities for disposing of sewage4 ,the old-fashioned 8outhouse0 which plays a rather comic part in song and story favored by such humorists as the late ,chick ,sale and ,james ,whitcomb ,riley1 can hardly be considered an asset to the health and sanitation of a summer home community4 ,if such a building is necessary1 at least follow the instructions given by the ,department of ,agriculture 7see ,farmer's ,bulletin ,no4 #abbg7 so that it will be sanitary1 fly-proof1 easily cleaned1 and as little of an 8eye sore0 as possible4 ,a better type is the vault-privy with a watertight concrete vault1 wide and shallow4 ,it should have a trap at the rear to provide access for cleaning4 ,a metal container may be substituted for the concrete work4 ,this should have an airtight lid and must be removed frequently for cleaning4 ,there are a number of chemical septic tanks for sale1 all of which dispose of waste matter by the action of bacteria and chemicals4 ,they are not difficult to install4 ,further information may be obtained from the previously-mentioned ,government bulletin4 ,garbage ,harbors ,germs ,even though your cabin has running water and a regular flush toilet1 the danger of waste disposal is not entirely eliminated4 ,garbage and refuse of all kinds are harbors for germs and flies can quickly spread disease germs gathered from such sources4 ,the location of the water supply in relation to sewage disposal is of greatest importance1 and it is not enough that the water source be above the distribution field of the sewer4 ,it is a good idea to consult the nearest forest ranger1 or some other person who is well acquainted with the locality1 before making any such installations4 ,for sink drainage and kitchen waste a line of small sewer pipes1 laid as shown in the accompanying diagram1 is fairly adequate4 ,garbage and other refuse that cannot be drained away should be buried in a good-sized pit4 ,this hole should be as nearly fly-proof as possible1 and each fresh lot of refuse should be well covered with dirt or sand or sprinkled with a chloride of lime solution4 ,illustration3 ,proper relation of water supply and sewage disposal4 ,but remember that underground water table may not slope the same as the surface4 ,ask your ,forest ,ranger4 ,,cesspool ,,well ,,water ,,table ,,rock ,,cabin ,,foundations ,illustration3 ,,cabin ,,foundations ,foundations are the backbone of your cabin4 ,from the structural standpoint they are probably the most important part of the building4 ,so1 just because they are going to be hidden1 don't skimp or hurry through with them because you want to get started quickly on the cabin itself4 ,if the basic framework is out of line1 the whole house will sag and tilt at odd angles4 ,as one cabin expert says1 8,wear out your spirit level and try-square--don't save them for another job40 ,one of the simplest foundations for the amateur builder is made by resting the sills on supports made of two large somewhat flat boulders4 ,if your cabin site is on solid rock1 then all that is necessary is to bed the bottom boulder securely on the rock4 ,but if the terrain is ordinary earth1 you should dig down past the 8forest floor0 of black humus until you reach rock1 sand1 gravel or other solid ground below the frost line4 ,then you pour concrete piers to the grade level and seat your boulders thereon1 as shown in ,fig4 #c4 ,do not use any mortar between the two boulders4 ,dampness will creep up past the first boulder1 but if it is not bonded to the top boulder with mortar1 the dampness will stop there and not reach the post supports or sill timbers of your cabin4 ,of course the concrete piers themselves1 if built above grade1 are perfectly good supports for the sills4 ,but the boulders have more of a cabin 8look40 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #c ,,flat ,,top ,,boulders ,,concrete ,,pier ,,footing ,illustration3 ,fig4 #d ,,wooden ,,form ,,for ,,piers ,the number of foundation supports or piers will be determined by the size of the house4 8,not less than seven feet on centers0 is a good rule of thumb4 ,concrete piers are not hard to make4 ,their size will depend on how deep you must dig to reach solid earth or rock4 ,first1 build several tapered box forms of rough lumber4 7,fig4 #d47 ,these should be about #bd inches square at the bottom and taper to about #ab inches at the top4 ,the taper makes it easier to get the forms off the finished concrete4 ,pour a footing of concrete at least #aj inches thick and six inches larger than the bottom of the pier on all sides4 ,then set the form for the pier on top of this footing4 ,a satisfactory mixture for foundation piers is one part ,portland cement1 two parts clean sand1 and three parts gravel--two-inch aggregate is about right4 ,it is a good idea to add to the mixture hydrated lime--about #aj per cent of the bulk of the cement--to prevent the mass from setting too rapidly and to make it work more smoothly4 ,this type of foundation allows perfect ventilation under the cabin1 but it will not keep out wandering rabbits and other night prowlers4 ,a boulder foundation is quite enough for the average semi-permanent summer cabin unless you plan to spend time there during the winter1 in which case an all-around foundation is advisable to keep out the cold4 ,full concrete or rock foundations are more expensive and more work to build but hard to beat for permanence4 ,to construct them1 dig a trench to the dimensions of your cabin but at least twice as wide as your finished foundation wall is to be and to solid ground below the frost line4 ,pour in a 8footing0 of concrete to a depth of #aj inches4 ,this base will distribute the weight of the cabin4 7,fig4 #e47 ,on this footing build wooden form walls to the proper height--about one foot above ground level at the highest point of your grade is usual--and fill them up with the proper mixture of concrete4 ,to prevent dry rot of the wood construction1 air vents should be constructed at intervals in the concrete wall above grade4 ,these should be covered with screening to keep small animals out4 ,thickness of foundation walls varies according to the weight of the building4 ,a good rule is to make the top of the foundation two inches wider than the logs or timbers it is to support4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #e ,,bolt ,,for ,,sill ,,log ,,metal ,,termite ,,guard ,,cross ,,section ,,of ,,foundation ,,wall ,the sill logs or timbers are laid on top of the foundation4 ,if your cabin is to be of logs1 select a number of the strongest and straightest and lay them so as to form the outside 8frame0 of the cabin4 ,they should be bolted tightly to the concrete by means of long iron bolts previously buried in the foundation walls4 ,if the sills are to rest on piers or boulders1 spike them together4 ,the weight of the cabin will hold the sills in place4 ,the #bf floor joists are cut in or notched over the sills4 ,they should be set with the #b-;inch side uppermost and securely spiked4 ,the footing for the fireplace is made just like the concrete foundations--#f or #h inches beyond the dimensions of the fireplace plus the hearth4 ,pour a slab of concrete about #aj inches deep1 in which are buried inch steel rods laid in both directions--checkerboard fashion--and wired at the intersections4 ,this may seem like a lot of extra work but the steel rods prevent settling and cracking4 ,on this slab build a wooden form to the height of the bottom of the floor joists and fill with a mixture of concrete1 sand and plenty of small boulders4 ,at this point block off the section to be used for the hearth and fill in the fireplace proper up to the floor level4 ,this will leave a space to be filled in later with hearthstones1 brick or whatever you decide to use for the hearth4 ,illustration3 ,reinforcing rods in fireplace base4 ,,building ,,the ,,cabin ,,fireplace ,illustration3 ,,building ,,the ,,cabin ,,fireplace ,if the chapters in this book were arranged in the order of their importance from the standpoint of cabin features1 this one1 dealing with fireplaces and chimneys1 would probably come first4 ,no matter what other ideas you may have about a vacation cabin you will undoubtedly insist on a fireplace as a dominant feature4 ,to most people a cabin without one just isn't a cabin at all4 ,when it comes to building it you can have the work done a lot easier than you can do it yourself4 ,on the other hand1 you'll probably do a lot of arguing with the mason because1 strange as it seems1 there appear to be comparatively few masons who can build a fireplace and a chimney that will work to perfection4 ,the instructions here have been collected from people who do know how1 and if you follow them1 you should have a successful fireplace4 ,in the preceding chapter you have read about the fireplace foundation4 ,by the time the rest of the house is pretty well along this should be in good condition for the next step4 ,a fireplace consists of four essential parts3 the fire box itself1 the throat1 the smoke chamber1 and the flue4 ,the shape and relationship of these are very important4 ,one simple relation to remember is that the area of the fireplace opening should not be more than #aj times the area of the flue4 ,some people say #ab times1 but #aj is a better average4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #f4 ,construction of fireplace4 ,,throat ,,opening ,,full ,,width ,,of ,,fireplace ,,chimney ,,flue ,,flue ,,lining ,,smoke ,,chamber ,,smoke ,,shelf ,,damper ,,throat #h ,,fireplace ,the over-all dimensions of the fireplace1 including mantel1 are matters of proportion and taste1 governed by the size and shape of the room4 ,in almost every case the width of the opening should exceed the height4 ,the top of the opening should be at least #cj inches from the floor but not much more than #dj inches unless it is at least six feet wide--and not many cabins can stand a fireplace as big as that4 ,for a six-foot opening plan for a depth of about #bd inches4 ,no fireplace should have a depth of less than #ah inches4 ,remember1 however1 that the deeper your fire box the less efficient it will be for heating purposes4 ,the hearth should extend at least a foot on either side of the opening and have a minimum depth of #bj inches4 ,you may have the opening flush with the hearth1 or1 as some builders prefer1 lay a course of stone several inches high across the lower edge and curve the bottom of the fire chamber up to it4 ,or you may elevate the entire bottom of the fireplace4 ,it is smart to plan the hearth flush with the floor so that trash may be swept into the fireplace without using a dustpan4 ,rough native stone1 of course1 is the most interesting material for a cabin fireplace and chimney4 ,brick seems too refined for the woods4 ,if you want the finished job to look as massive in appearance as possible1 don't use stones that are too small4 ,the walls of a stone fireplace and chimney should be at least one foot thick4 ,but as a concession to safety1 the entire fire box--back1 sides and floor--should be lined with good quality firebrick4 ,the space between the stone shell and firebrick lining is filled with concrete4 ,since the back and sides of the interior must reflect the heat into the room1 the back must be slanted forward as it rises1 running up straight about one-third of the height of the opening from the hearth floor and then slanting toward the front at an angle of from #bc to #cj degrees4 ,the sides should slope inward1 as they approach the back at1 roughly1 an angle of #fj degrees4 ,regardless of whether the top of the fireplace opening is flat or arched1 you will need a strong support at this point4 ,the best is an iron bar about one-half inch thick and two inches wide4 ,extend it across the width of the opening and set it firmly in the stonework at each side4 ,any blacksmith can make this bar for you1 and the curve he puts in it will determine the arch of the opening4 ,a 8,t0 bar1 set with the tail of the 8,t0 upward1 is even better1 since it is stronger and requires less iron4 ,behind the bar build a wooden form extending back several inches and sloped slightly upward4 ,then lay a course of stone on top of the iron and fill in between the stone and the form with a rich mixture of concrete reinforced with iron rods4 ,this concrete should rise at such an angle as to come flush with the edge of the damper4 ,the reinforcing rods should extend the full width of the arch and tie into the stone at the sides4 ,buy a ,good ,damper ,since the fireplace is probably the most important feature of your cabin1 don't skimp on materials4 ,buy the best dome-type damper that you can afford4 ,some fireplace 8experts0 will say this is nonsense1 but don't let them fool you4 ,the damper is to a fireplace what a mainspring is to a watch4 ,the dome damper is set on top of the fire brick lining where the throat enters the smoke chamber4 ,the handle to control it may be set in the front or side as you wish 7make sure of this when you buy it7 and may project or be set in a recess in the masonry4 ,the throat1 as can be seen in ,fig4 #f1 is considerably narrower from front to rear than the fire box--#e inches is maximum--and should come as near the front as possible4 ,it should begin #f to #h inches above the top of the fireplace opening1 extend the entire width of the fire box and slant downward toward the back4 ,at the same time the back surface of the fire box has been slanting forward until it reaches the same height at the beginning of the throat4 ,at this point construct the smoke shelf1 which is literally a shelf set back to the vertical line of your masonry4 ,illustration3 ,an arch like this helps prevent downdraft4 ,,direction ,,of ,,prevailing ,,wind ,,chimney ,,cap ,proper construction of the smoke chamber is often the factor that determines the success of your fireplace4 ,the amount of taper may vary1 but it is a good general rule to slope the walls inward one foot for every #ah inches of height4 ,the smoke chamber walls must be as smooth as possible1 the best finish being about inch of mortar--or a commercial steel unit4 ,this cuts down the amount of friction and makes it draw better4 ,after the smoke chamber walls are tapered up to the desired dimensions1 the flue is straight from here on up4 ,use ,special ,mortar ,government specifications for fireplace mortar1 which must be used in laying all work except the fire brick1 are as follows3 hydrated lime1 nine pounds to each #id-lb4 bag of ,portland cement2 mix this with three times its volume of clean sand and enough water to make a smooth workable mortar4 ,wet all stones before applying the mortar4 ,don't use ordinary lime mortar for fireplaces and chimneys4 ,construction of the flue is the next important matter4 ,the flue is installed as the chimney is built and must be planned with a fairly close relationship to the fireplace itself4 ,fireplace experts estimate that the correct ratio is #ad to #af square inches of flue area to each square foot of fireplace opening4 ,a round flue is the most satisfactory type4 ,it offers less friction and is easier to clean4 ,square or oblong flues should be slightly larger than if a round one is used4 ,the easiest method--and one that assures a tight flue--is to use fire clay flue lining1 filling in between it and the stone shell with cement4 ,be sure that the flue is as straight as possible and uniform in size right up to the top4 ,don't taper it4 ,if turns must be made in it1 make them gradual--never greater than an angle of #de degrees4 ,don't try to use one flue for fireplace and kitchen stove or another fireplace4 ,make separate flues for each4 ,they may go up the same chimney but the two or more flues should be separated by at least four inches of solid brick or concrete unless tile flue linings are used4 ,when you have reached the top1 test the flue for leaks by lighting a fire and covering the top of the chimney4 ,escaping smoke will reveal any leaks1 which must be repaired at once4 ,illustration3 ,diagram of a patented fireplace form showing how it heats and circulates the air4 ,the masonry is laid around the form4 ,,smoke ,,dome ,,damper ,,down ,,draft ,,shelf ,,apron--,,to ,,be ,,covered ,,by ,,masonry ,,warm ,,air ,,outlet ,,damper ,,control ,,heating ,,chamber ,,boiler ,,plate ,,firebox ,,cold ,,air ,,intake ,location of your house will affect the action of the chimney1 since large objects such as trees or a hill nearby will cause a down draught4 ,if this trouble is encountered1 it may be corrected by building an arch over the chimney cap4 ,the arch should be placed at right angles to the cause of the down draught4 ,the chimney cap itself1 which is an important feature affecting the air currents that pull the smoke out1 should be about #ab inches high4 ,it can be made of cement and stone chips1 modeled by hand4 ,reinforcing rods or wire mesh may be added if desired4 ,the sides of the cap should curve from the outside edge of the masonry proper to the top of the cap4 ,a good type of flashing1 which must be installed to prevent leaks between the chimney and the roof1 is made of sheet lead1 which is everlasting4 ,galvanized iron or copper is also satisfactory4 ,the flashing should be cut to fit the chimney like a collar and is imbedded in the masonry4 ,the roofing should overlap the upper edge several inches1 and the flashing must overlap the roofing at the lower edge if set on a slanting roof4 ,in case the chimney comes at the ridge1 flashings are fastened over the roofing all around4 ,while you're up on the roof finishing the chimney1 it would be a good idea to take the measurements of the entire top4 ,in your leisure time1 make a fairly tight cover1 shaped like a shallow box1 that will fit on top of the chimney when you close the cabin for the season4 ,it can be lashed down with wire or rope4 ,the object of this will be well known to anyone who has left a cabin chimney open for several months1 because it seems to have a great attraction for birds and squirrels--not to mention the fact that snow and rain get in and rust the flue lining if it's made of metal4 ,in planning your cabin fireplace don't fail at least to investigate the several so-called 8patented0 fireplace forms which circulate heated air4 7,see illustrations47 ,these are especially worth considering if you expect to rely upon your fireplace for heating the cabin during the colder months1 and also greatly simplify the intricate job of fashioning a fireplace4 ,when using these forms the fireplace is constructed with an air chamber behind the fire box4 ,cold air is drawn off the floor and circulated back in the room as warm air4 ,this gives you both direct radiated heat and warm air from absorbed heat4 ,various installations are possible1 with the added heat being used in an adjoining room--or even upstairs4 ,illustration3 ,another patented fireplace design showing how warm air may be piped to adjoining rooms ,,warm ,,air ,,outlet ,,cold ,,air ,,intake ,,building ,,the ,,log ,,cabin ,illustration3 ,,building ,,the ,,log ,,cabin ,mention of a 8cabin in the woods0 brings a vision to the average man of one thing--a log cabin4 ,and1 although few people will ever build a real log cabin1 most of us have inherited from our pioneer ancestors a romantic attachment to the sturdily constructed homes of our early settlers4 ,the pioneers built of logs primarily because they had no other materials and also because they needed a shelter that would be a protection against ,indians1 wild animals and rough weather4 ,but just because a cabin is built of rough logs instead of finished lumber doesn't mean that it will be less expensive in this day and age4 ,according to such experts as ,c4 ,d4 ,aldrich1 who designs some of the finest cabins in the country1 a log cabin costs about twice as much as a frame cottage of comparable size and design4 ,a one-room-and-porch cabin that can be built of lumber for about #ejj would cost roughly #a1jjj if well built of logs4 ,there are two styles of log cabin construction--the traditional kind with the logs laid horizontally and the stockade type in which the logs or half logs are placed upright4 ,the latter is easier to build since skilled axe work is not required to notch the log ends and the principal task is to hew down the sides to make them fit closely4 ,on the other hand1 a cabin built with horizontal logs is the favorite with most people--probably because it is the most familiar4 ,logs for a stockade style cabin need not be particularly heavy since they are to be spiked to the horizontal members of a timber frame1 but care should be taken to obtain pieces as straight as possible to avoid waste4 ,second growth timber is most frequently used4 ,chinks between the timbers are caulked with oakum1 or1 if the fit is very loose1 combine oakum with willow wands or narrow battens4 ,however1 most people building a recreational home of logs will want the horizontal type of construction1 so this chapter will be devoted to that subject4 ,one of the first things to decide after the rough plans are drawn and the list of materials estimated is whether the cabin is to be of peeled logs or logs with the bark left on4 ,logs that are to keep their bark must be cut in late ,october or ,november and stacked on skids until spring4 ,be sure they are piled so that plenty of air circulates4 ,logs to be peeled should also be cut in fall or winter and seasoned--preferably for six months or more4 ,to prevent cracks when they begin to weather1 have the logs scored down one side--a two or three inch strip of bark removed the entire length4 ,then if the logs crack a bit1 they will do so along the scored lines and they can be laid so the cracks won't show in the finished building4 ,the size of your cabin1 or rather the dimensions of the various walls1 is not necessarily limited by the length of the logs1 because they can be spliced4 7,see ,fig4 #g for the best method of splicing47 ,if you are counting on leaving a projection at each end beyond the wall1 then you can figure that logs #bj feet long will give you a room with inside walls about #af feet long4 ,logs between #bj and #cj feet long are most satisfactory unless you have a large crew to help4 ,they should average about #aj inches at the top end with as little taper as possible4 ,if you get smaller logs1 it will require too many to gain the needed height1 and logs much larger than that are unwieldy to handle4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #g4 ,how to splice logs4 ,the best timber for a log cabin on the ,pacific ,coast is redwood or western cedar4 ,balsam1 hemlock1 pine1 and1 if you are lucky1 tamarack also make good logs4 ,the latter are especially fine4 ,you may buy your logs from a lumber company1 from a public utility company's supply of power-line poles1 or you can hire a good woodsman to cut them for you--if you can find the timber4 ,certain sections of the ,national ,forests are available for cutting logs and stumpage charge is very nominal4 ,there are several possible methods of fitting logs together4 ,the choice depends entirely on how much time and labor you care to devote to it1 but once a style has been adopted carry it throughout the whole house4 ,use similar logs or poles instead of dressed lumber wherever possible4 ,they're more 8woodsy40 ,speaking of style1 all log ends that project should be finished off with an axe1 not sawed4 ,after the sill logs are laid on the leveled boulder foundation1 or in the case of a concrete or stone wall underpinning bolted to the foundation1 the next step is to lay the floor joists4 ,they should be not less than #bf material1 spaced not over two feet on center4 ,notch them into the sill log and the first log above as shown in ,fig4 #h and spike them in4 ,use ,spirit ,level ,frequently ,you are now ready to start erection of the walls4 ,make frequent and careful use of the plumb line and spirit level in this work4 ,without constant checking the walls have a way of going off at odd tangents4 ,the simplest and least difficult style of fitting logs is the 8saddle and notch10 in which the logs are given a rough notch and laid together without special fitting or trimming4 ,the spaces are later caulked with oakum4 ,while this is the simplest method1 it is the poorest from the standpoint of weather tightness4 ,illustration3 ,four methods of notching logs4 ,another and better method is the same as above except that the notches are so carefully cut that the logs fit closely and must be hewn down along two sides to provide neatly joined surfaces4 ,this also will require some caulking but not as much4 ,it is customary to lay a strip of oakum between all logs1 regardless of the style of fitting4 ,cupped ,logs ,fit ,snugly ,a third method is to use 8cupped0 logs4 ,the same saddle and notch is used at the corners1 but the upper log has a concaved channel cut its entire length1 which makes it fit down snugly over the lower log4 ,the cup may be cut with curved-blade adz or with a heavy gouge4 ,this is more work but well worth it4 ,cut each cup to fit its individual lower log1 marking the cup with a pair of dividers to insure a close fit4 ,when you have a perfect cup 7which means rolling the log into position several times to try its fit7 lay a layer of heavy oakum along the lower log1 roll the upper into its final position and spike it down4 ,the finest method of all is a further refinement of the cupped log style4 ,the upper log is cupped as above but1 instead of a simple notch at the end1 the upper log is cut out exactly to fit down over the lower tightly1 while the lower is not notched at all4 ,oakum is strung the same as for other methods and laid in at the corners4 ,in the best work of this type no oakum should show4 ,although the pioneers put their cabins together without nails1 they did so because they had no nails to use4 ,to be safe1 spike all logs together with #ab-;inch spikes--the largest size made4 ,before you get the walls too high1 give a thought to windows and doors4 ,there are two ways of taking care of them4 ,the extravagant way1 much used by our forefathers1 was to build with logs to the top line of the proposed opening and then cut out a hole the required size4 ,an easier--and less wasteful--way1 if you are doing your own work1 is to use short logs1 leaving a more or less rectangular opening4 ,then nail a couple of straight boards where your frames should come and saw off the rough projecting log ends as illustrated above4 ,illustration3 ,,planks ,,nailed ,,as ,,guide ,,for ,,cutting ,,lower ,,log ,,hewn ,,out ,incidentally1 in planning your house remember to take into consideration that a log cabin's interior absorbs a great deal of the light unless--,god forbid--you intend to whitewash the walls4 ,therefore1 plan for as many windows as your walls will allow without unduly weakening them or disrupting your interior plans4 ,use timber at least two inches thick for window and door frames and wide enough to protrude slightly on the outside of the log wall4 ,the bottom piece--or sill--of the window frames should have a pitch of about one inch to the outside and project two inches to allow for drainage of rainwater4 ,don't try to build your own windows4 ,order them to size from a mill and set them in4 ,roof ,should be ,sturdy ,the pitch of the roof and the width of the eaves are largely matters of personal taste and the kind of cabin you are building4 ,a low pitched or flat roof1 however1 must be thoroughly braced if it is to bear a heavy load of snow1 and the additional materials may cost more than a steeply pitched roof4 ,the most effective roof for many cabins is low pitched with wide eaves--not too wide1 of course1 but wider than you'd have on a city house4 ,build the gable ends to the height you finally decide on2 then trim down the rough ends along a line marked to the pitch of the roof4 ,if you have been wise1 you have a long1 straight log of unquestioned strength saved for your ridge pole4 ,this should rest in notches at the very peak of the gables1 and since it forms the keystone of your house1 be sure it is solid and well bedded in oakum4 ,the auxiliary roof supports1 called purlins1 run parallel to the ridge log and should be set by notching out the gable log where the purlin end rests4 ,cope the log above it so that the two gable logs grip the purlin firmly4 ,these purlins ought to project eight or ten inches beyond the roof itself to allow for axe-trimmed ends4 7,fig4 #i47 ,smaller ,logs for ,rafters ,rafters are the next problem4 ,choose smaller timbers1 yet ones that are well proportioned to the purlins4 ,for the average cabin1 logs with four-inch butts are about right4 ,they should be spaced not more than two feet on the centers4 ,saw a square cut into the plate log--the top logs of your walls--then square a place on your rafter to fit into this cut4 ,drive it well home4 7,fig4 #i47 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #h ,,first ,,log ,,of ,,side ,,wall1 ,,notched ,,to ,,fit ,,over ,,joist ,,joist ,,flattened ,,very ,,slightly ,,sill1 ,,hewn ,,flat ,,on ,,top ,,foundation ,,gain ,,tenon ,each rafter should be cut in slightly to the purlins and spiked tightly to each purlin and to the ridge log4 ,when setting in any of these pieces don't forget to bed them well with oakum to make sure that they are weather tight4 ,dressed siding is good material for the roof4 ,on this nail the roofing you have selected4 ,the type of roofing used depends on how much you want to spend4 ,composition roofing is fire resistant and will last quite well1 but it is not particularly attractive on a log cabin4 ,shingles laid in the customary way with the butt ends exposed for about one-third of the length make a good roof4 ,shakes probably make the most interesting as well as durable roofs for a cabin1 although they are more expensive4 ,shakes come in various sizes and add a final distinctive touch to a house4 ,if you expect to use your cabin in very cold weather1 a double roof would be the wise provision4 ,after laying your sheathing1 cover it with a layer of building paper or other insulating material4 ,then nail on a series of #bb timber strips parallel to the rafters beneath4 ,across these strips lay another layer of sheathing and then the shingles or shakes4 ,this forms a dead air space that is effective in insulating the house against cold4 ,use ,planks for ,cabin ,doors ,if you are going to keep the pioneer atmosphere in your log cabin1 don't spoil it by buying millwork doors4 ,good1 honest plank doors--made of any dressed timber1 with cross pieces firmly nailed and clinched--are more in the spirit of things4 ,a little ingenuity will go a long way toward making a beautiful door out of humble materials4 ,have some country blacksmith make a set of strap hinges and an old fashioned latch4 ,you'll be well pleased with the effect4 ,a good1 strong snap lock is a necessity to keep out intruders in your absence1 of course4 ,if you want a good floor with a cabin 8look0 to it1 get a supply of planks in widths varying from #f to #ab inches--and have them tongue-and-grooved at the mill4 ,instead of nailing them1 bore -inch holes half way through and fasten them down with screws4 ,into each hole drive a hardwood plug1 gluing it for tightness2 then cut it off and smooth it down flush with the floor with sandpaper4 ,this gives the effect of a 8pinned0 floor1 which was very popular with the pioneer cabin builders4 ,tongue-and-grooved flooring in narrow widths should be 8blind-nailed0--the nails driven in at a slant from the sides and set with a punch1 but for wide planks it is perfectly all right1 if you wish1 to nail through the boards and let the heads show4 ,how to ,prevent ,pests ,log cabins1 particularly those where the bark is left on1 fall heir to many evils in the form of borers and beetles that make their homes in the bark4 ,winter-cut logs are less likely to have borers than others1 and if they are to be peeled1 peeling should be done in the spring before the first flight of the beetles4 ,cedar and redwood are almost entirely free from borers4 ,peeled logs are not likely to attract boring pests1 but they may be the home of larvae previously laid there4 ,if you do not care if your logs are stained1 they may be painted with a solution of liquid oil coal-tar creosote4 ,this stains the bark a dark brown1 if used straight1 but diluted with three parts kerosene it stains only slightly4 ,the odor is rather unpleasant1 but if the treating is done several months before the logs are used1 it will wear off4 ,pyridine1 a colorless liquid1 is one of the best pest killers4 ,it also has a strong1 unpleasant odor4 ,it should be applied on a windy day and in the open air4 ,it burns the skin slightly1 so be careful4 ,also1 it is highly inflammable4 ,paradichlorobenzene is a very effective control but is not permanent in effect4 ,it will1 however1 rid your logs of existing pests by slowly liberating a gas which kills the insects4 ,dissolve three parts1 by weight1 in a gallon of kerosene and apply either with a spray gun or a brush4 ,small logs may be dipped in a trough filled with the solution4 ,two gallons will saturate about #ajj square feet of wood surface4 ,for logs that are to retain their bark1 it is also well to paint all cut places and knots with crude creosote soon after cutting and again before use4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #i4 ,gable end showing ridge pole and purlins with rafters notched over them4 ,,building ,a ,,cabin ,,of ,,stone ,illustration3 ,,building ,a ,,cabin ,,of ,,stone ,next to a log cabin one of the most effective in appearance is one built of stone--rough field stones and boulders that can be picked up on the shore of any lake or stream4 ,naturally1 such a house is a pretty big task for an amateur builder--not that it requires much more technical knowledge but because stones have a way of getting pretty heavy when they have to be lifted #h or #aj feet off the ground4 ,however1 the result is well worth the effort4 ,if you are ambitious enough to want to build a stone cabin1 here are some simple directions about how to do it4 ,they are the result of actual experience but1 of course1 cannot be taken as a practical course in masonry4 ,the first step is like the old recipe for rabbit stew--you get some rocks and a load or two of aggregate1 clean sand and numerous sacks of cement4 7,tell the cement dealer what you plan to do and he'll advise how much of each you'll need47 ,you'll also need a quantity of rough lumber1 #bd's1 #af's1 and such1 for the framework and a more or less water-tight mortar boat in which to mix your mortar4 ,a cabin of stone requires a full concrete or rock foundation4 ,the walls will be extra heavy1 so the footings as well as the foundation walls should be proportionately wider and thicker than those described for log and frame cabins4 ,illustration3 ,,foundation ,,mortar ,,fill ,,smooth ,,form ,,of ,,planks ,,or ,,plywood ,,mortar ,,foundation ,after the foundation is poured1 erect a frame for your house to the height of your roof plate on the inner side of the foundation walls1 putting rough boarding on the outside of #bd studs4 ,this will give you something to work against to insure plumb walls4 ,stone walls should be at least one and one-half feet thick at the bottom 7remember this in building the foundation7 and taper to eight inches or so at the top4 ,the larger rocks1 of course1 should be used lower down1 although1 if the work is carefully done1 an occasional large one may be set in higher up to lend effect4 ,mix ,mortar ,thoroughly ,start the first course of stones about three inches from the board form and fill in the space between with mortar4 ,the correct mixture for this mortar is six parts of clean sand to one part of cement4 ,after a little experimentation you will find the correct consistency1 but be sure that it is well mixed4 ,as one expert says1 8,mix the stuff with your hoe until your back is broken and then mix it some more40 ,wet the stones thoroughly before setting in the mortar4 ,the end of each stone should be firmly bedded in the mortar1 and as soon as several courses of rock have been laid1 tamp the mortar well down4 ,small pieces of rock may be pushed into the mortar if you wish to make it go farther4 ,when you build your wooden form1 of course you put up the door and window frames4 ,they can't be cut out of the walls afterward as with a log cabin4 ,drive numerous long spikes into the outer surfaces of these frames4 ,this gives you something to 8tie0 to when you reach that height with your masonry4 ,building a stone house is slow work1 and since you'll have to leave your work at times1 remember that all mortar that has been laid the day before must be thoroughly wet before fresh mortal is applied on top of it4 ,and the entire walls ought to be wet down at least twice daily for a week or more after completion4 ,when you have reached the top course of stones1 set in a row of threaded iron bolts two feet apart and long enough to allow three inches of the threaded end to stick up4 ,on these you must bolt #bd's1 so that you have something to nail the rafters to4 ,illustration3 ,window and door frames are set into the masonry as it proceeds1 with long spikes protruding to 8tie0 them firmly4 #bf ,,window ,,frame ,,spikes ,,tie ,,frame ,,to ,,masonry ,when the walls have set1 remove the interior wooden forms and go over the inside walls to fill up any air holes4 ,these are not important unless they are too large4 ,the rest of the job is done just as in finishing any other house4 ,you'll probably want to cover the interior with some material1 because concrete is pretty cold and might remind someone of the time he was arrested for speeding4 ,the cost of a stone house depends on the amount of material you can find lying around the neighborhood and the cost of labor4 ,some stone cabins1 with most of the labor hired1 have been built for approximately #b4ej per square foot of floor space4 ,this includes labor1 materials1 built-ins1 electrical wiring and fixtures1 and plastered walls4 ,if you find it necessary to hire skilled stone masons or to transport your material considerable distance1 the cost will be higher4 ,you can1 of course1 lower it by doing a larger amount of the work yourself4 ,remember that stone work is slow work1 so allow yourself plenty of time4 ,the first course or so of stone will drop into place pretty fast1 but don't forget that ,rome was not built in a day--and ,rome was built of stone4 ,for making colored concrete1 for floors1 hearths1 etc41 a topping containing the color is put on over the previously-poured base4 ,this topping consists of five gallons of water per sack of cement1 one cubic foot of sand and #a cubic feet of coarse aggregate4 ,you may use factory-colored cement1 or mix it on the job by passing the dry cement and coloring matter through a screen with a -inch mesh until well mixed4 ,an excellent treatment for colored concrete is to rub the surface thoroughly with equal parts of paraffin oil and benzine4 ,this closes the pores and brings out the color uniformly4 ,in considering such permanent types of construction as stone1 the great advantage of concrete should not be overlooked4 ,walls of this material are poured between wood1 plywood or metal forms in the manner previously described for foundation walls4 ,perhaps you object because the finished structure would not be 8in keeping0 with a woods atmosphere4 ,but one method is possible whereby a facing of natural stone backed by poured concrete combines the advantages of concrete with a stone house 8look40 ,this is called a ,flagg ,masonry ,wall after its originator1 ,ernest ,flagg1 ,new ,york architect4 ,the illustration shows the method of pouring such a wall4 ,for a beach house the smooth1 modern lines of the concrete walls are quite appropriate for the clean1 clear atmosphere of a beach site4 ,concrete is fireproof1 termite proof1 requires little or no maintenance1 and is not subject to decay4 ,in a house that is often not in use1 like a beach or mountain retreat1 the value of a material of these characteristics is obvious4 ,illustration3 ,this is a detailed plan of the ,flagg masonry wall1 showing forms1 concrete fill and outer covering of stonework4 ,,furring ,,strips ,,lath ,,plaster1 ,,or ,,one ,,of ,,the ,,plasterboards1 ,,or ,,plywood ,,form ,,lumber ,,or ,,plywood ,,concrete ,,stone ,,frame ,,cabins ,,and ,,beach ,,houses ,illustration3 ,,frame ,,cabins ,,and ,,beach ,,houses ,frame-type cabins present no structural problems that are unfamiliar to anyone who knows the fundamentals of ordinary frame house construction4 ,the essential details of building almost any sort of simple frame house are the same1 the main difference being in your choice of exterior finish4 ,if your vacation home is a beach house1 you may even find the regular type of stucco finish appropriate for your particular location4 ,or you may want to combine stucco finish with wood siding or with board and batten4 ,the main objective is to keep the structure in harmony with its surroundings4 ,this is particularly true of simple cabins in the mountains4 ,a brick bungalow1 for example1 would be splendid for warmth and strength for a hunting lodge1 but it would be wholly out of place in the forest1 as would ordinary concrete finish1 stucco1 or certain types of frame houses4 ,there are a number of western lumber companies that specialize in manufacturing novel types of siding designed primarily for cabins and other buildings with a forest background4 ,some of these cost only a little more than ordinary lumber and make a very attractive cabin4 ,among the novelty sidings1 you may buy rounded siding that gives the effect of smoothly finished half-logs1 or 8hewn0 timbers that look exactly like hand-hewn logs4 ,you can even get special end pieces which1 when carefully attached1 give the effect of projecting log ends4 ,as you can see from the illustrations1 this novelty siding can be applied by anyone who knows how to use a set of carpenter's tools4 ,illustration3 ,this is the proper way to apply half-round siding to the studs4 ,the log ends add a very realistic touch4 ,if you are planning to build a frame cottage or summer home1 the field of design is1 of course1 limited largely by the amount of money you have to spend4 ,if you are not an old hand at carpentering it would be well to get the assistance of a builder or a lumber company in selecting your materials4 ,a man with a knowledge of building can keep you from making mistakes that might not be discovered until the house was built4 ,one of the easiest and most effective cabins is built with a 8board and batten0 exterior4 ,this consists of broad planks 444 their width is a matter of your own judgment 444 applied either horizontally or vertically4 ,between each pair of planks runs a strip of batten which may be nailed flat over the seam or1 if you get the specially milled battens1 there is a groove into which the wide boards fit4 ,a combination of board and batten and stone construction makes an exceptionally attractive exterior if you use some artistic judgment in combining the two4 ,illustration3 ,this is the effect obtained by use of hewn siding4 ,it is applied like any other lumber1 with extra end pieces to give illusion of a real log cabin4 ,if you are planning to use the house in the cold months1 it is well to insulate the walls at least with heavy building paper4 ,in very cold climates it is best to finish the walls on both the exterior and the interior1 filling the spaces between the studs with one of the commercial insulating 8wools10 made of wood fibre or asbestos4 ,if you must save money1 you can buy sawdust at the local mill and pack it in4 ,hand-split shakes also make an attractive cabin finish4 ,the rough pioneer effect of the crude shakes is quite in keeping with the wilderness atmosphere4 ,these are applied in much the same manner as ordinary shingles4 ,illustration3 ,shakes1 either hand-split or sawed1 should be laid in a definite pattern4 ,,random ,,widths ,,saw-,,toothed ,,angle ,,butts ,illustration3 ,here is an example of charming effect obtained by using horizontal and vertical board and batten1 combined with stone4 ,illustration3 ,any of the methods shown here is a satisfactory way to fit the corners when imitation log siding is used4 ,if you undertake the construction of a frame cabin without the assistance of an experienced carpenter or builder1 you should keep in mind the minimum requirements set up by the ,forest ,service as standard specifications for cabins to be built in deep snow country3 ,all girders should be not less than #dd material spaced not more than #g feet on centers4 ,all main posts supporting building should be not less than #dd1 spaced not more than #g feet apart in any direction and should rest on rock or concrete base2 this applies to open porches also4 ,all floor joists 7including those under open porches7 should be not less than #bf material1 spaced not over #b feet on center4 ,studding in sidewalls1 where siding runs vertically1 should be spaced not more than #f feet on center and should be not less than #bd material4 ,at least one #bd should be placed around the building1 horizontally1 between the floor plate and ceiling plate1 and the side boards should be securely nailed to this horizontal ribbon as well as the top and bottom plates4 ,on buildings where siding runs horizontally1 studding should be placed not over #b feet on center on outside walls and be not less than #bd material4 ,double headers and proper bridging should be installed over all openings in outside walls4 ,this is not necessary in partitions4 ,rafters should be spaced not more than #b feet on center and should be not less than #bd material on all spans up to #af feet4 ,all spans of more than #af feet should use rafters of not less than #bf material and be spaced not more than #b feet on center4 ,rafters and other members of the roof frame should be of selected1 straight-grain lumber4 ,all ceiling joists should be good1 straight-grained sticks not less than #bd material and spaced not more than #b feet on center4 ,nail them securely to both rafters and plate4 ,all buildings with a gable roof should contain ceiling joists4 ,all spans of more than #ad feet should have collar beams to support the rafters4 ,,thirty ,,cabin ,,plans a ,,cabin in the ,,clouds ,illustration3 ,elevation ,illustration3 ,floor plan ,the ideal mountain cabin should be almost a part of the rugged landscape that surrounds it1 with rough walls and stout roof that seem to hug the rocks4 ,the very majesty and sweep of the hills dwarf any attempt by man to build himself a tall1 imposing mountain home--it is better to build for simplicity and strength4 ,in this 8cabin in the clouds10 resembling some of the mountaineers' huts in the ,alps1 every effort has been made to keep the atmosphere as rustic and as rugged as possible1 at the same time providing all the conveniences of a comfortable modern home4 ,the walls1 the designer says1 should be of stone1 #af inches thick4 ,the roof should be of redwood shakes or slates1 but remember that any roofing must stand storms and very high winds in the mountains4 ,the railing of the car shelter is of stone1 also1 with roof supports of heavy hewn redwood timbers4 ,the living room centers around the massive fireplace1 which should be of rough stone4 ,it is flanked on one side by a built-in seat1 and a wood box on the other1 with an outside door4 ,walls should be finished in rough plaster or wood panelling1 with ceiling beams exposed4 ,all floors are of wood except the terrace1 which is flagstones4 ,on the front a broad window overlooks the terrace and1 presumably1 a sweeping view of a valley4 ,a big sliding door of glass opens on the terrace also4 ,opposite the fireplace is space for two built-in bunks in an alcove1 enclosed by a curtain hung from a ceiling track4 ,the bunk room proper1 with a dressing closet and clothes closet1 contains two double-deck bunks4 ,the kitchen may seem a bit small1 but it is larger than many found in modern city apartments1 and much more convenient4 a ,,beach ,,house ,,modern ,illustration3 ,elevation ,illustration3 ,floor plan ,a broad beach1 with lots of fine white sand1 would be the ideal location for this ultra-modern beach house1 with its clean1 sweeping lines4 ,as in the case of many of the new houses1 there is a generous use of glass4 ,in the outside walls are shown #bb windows1 which should satisfy any fresh air addict4 ,construction of this streamlined beach house calls for a concrete substructure and first floor with wood frame above4 ,to insure a cool house1 the most satisfying exterior would be dazzling white stucco1 which is an excellent heat reflector4 ,the floors should be of concrete flagstones or tiles1 tinted and waxed4 ,the sun deck is a welcome feature on any beach house1 because there are days when the ocean breezes are cool1 and one may bask here behind the protection of glass screens4 ,inside1 the plan calls for a single room with high ceiling1 and a series of sliding curtains which cut off the bunk room and a dining alcove if desired4 ,there is a separate bunk room for guests4 ,if double-deck bunks are used1 eight persons may occupy the house4 ,the bathroom has the added convenience of an extra toilet1 or the space may be used for another closet4 ,as in all well-planned beach houses1 there is an extra shower just inside the entry from the beach4 ,the whole interior may be done in plywood panels1 either natural color or painted in a light-colored eggshell finish4 ,the broad open spaces beneath the house serve several purposes4 ,they offer ample storage for beach umbrellas1 chairs1 ping-pong table and such1 as well as a dressing room for bathers4 ,by careful planning beforehand1 a dumb-waiter could be installed to connect the kitchen with the beach1 thus saving many steps when serving a barbecue meal or a cold snack on the sand4 ,it will be noted that the fireplace chimney base has been utilized as a beach barbecue1 so that food may be prepared without going up to the main kitchen4 a ,,ski ,,lodge in ,,snow ,,country ,illustration3 ,elevation ,illustration3 ,floor plan #ast ,floor #bnd ,floor ,here's a quaint little mountain hut that the ,seven ,dwarfs might like to live in4 ,it's a ski lodge1 designed to withstand the roughest weather1 yet its construction is simple and the cost extremely modest4 ,the cabin consists of a #af-;foot octagonal room on the ground floor for living quarters and a second floor bunk room4 ,five or six may be accommodated upstairs1 since three beds just fit4 ,a wall bed on the first floor sleeps two more4 ,construction of this unusual cabin is all of wood1 with concrete or flagstone floor4 ,built for use in cold weather1 the walls should be of double sheathing packed with insulating wool1 in addition to the shakes applied outside4 ,eight posts form the frame1 with #cd rafters running to an octagonal block at the peak4 ,two #fh timbers support the second floor4 ,tiny as it seems1 this lodge offers a maximum of room for lovers of snow sports4 ,the height is #ad feet from floor to peak4 ,most unusual of its features is the door in the roof4 ,at first glance this might seem odd1 but the first time the main door is buried under ten feet of snow1 you'll be glad the roof door was put in4 ,there's a fireplace on the ground floor1 of course1 and all the conveniences for a week-end stay4 ,however1 in such limited space as much of the furniture as possible should be of the folding type4 ,it will be noted that no provision was made for bath or toilet4 ,these features would have to be in a detached structure1 which is preferable to addition of a side room1 which would spoil the unique shape of the house4 ,a number of cabins of this type have been built on the ,pacific coast in recent years4 ,one of the first1 and probably the original one1 was constructed by ,fred ,b4 ,stephen1 ,seattle architect1 for his family's use on a site in the ,cascade mountains1 #he miles from ,seattle4 a ,,club ,,house for ,,twenty ,illustration3 ,elevation ,illustration3 ,floor plan ,sun ,terrace ,wood ,stove ,bench ,tack ,rm4 ,living ,area ,seat ,wood #b ,beds ,bunk ,dormitory--#ah bunks ,,sh ,bath ,bath ,,sh ,kitchen ,dining ,area ,car ,shelter--#f ,cars ,porch ,here's a good answer to the problem of a low-cost club house for a hiking or snow-sports group4 ,since much of the work on such a cabin might be done by the members1 construction is as simple as possible4 ,the exterior may be anything from rough tongue-and-grooved boards1 the cheapest1 to real logs1 the most expensive4 ,interior walls are sheathed with plywood1 stained or painted1 and the roof covered with composition roofing4 ,the long bunk room1 partitioned off for privacy1 holds nine double-deck bunks1 and has separate bathrooms adjoining for men and women4 ,a stove should be included in this room1 for extra warmth4 ,one may drive to the front door1 unload passengers or supplies1 and proceed to a stall in the car shelter conveniently4 ,the kitchen is just inside the front door1 making trips through or around the house with supplies unnecessary4 ,the living room1 spacious enough to seat twenty for meals1 contains two built-in bunks4 ,off it is a tack room for storing skis and other equipment1 which can also be used as a work shop4 ,a large dining table might be used for ping-pong and other games4 ,both the woodbox by the fireplace and in the bunkroom may be stocked from the outside1 a great convenience in winter when fires burn constantly4 ,note that the car shelter has space for six machines4 for ,,bathing and ,,basking ,illustration3 ,elevation ,illustration3 ,floor plan ,just because a summer cabin is small and inexpensive is no reason why it cannot be smart and distinctive in appearance4 ,the little house shown here could probably be built for less than #ajjj1 yet it has many features worthy of a vacation home costing many times that4 ,construction is entirely of wood1 in a fashion reminiscent of ,japanese houses1 with wide doors and a broad1 low roof4 ,the easiest and most pleasing finish1 both outside and inside would be plywood4 ,the waterproof variety is durable and not costly1 and it is so easy to apply that any amateur can turn out a pleasing job4 ,plywood is adaptable to any of the regulation wood-finish treatments from oiling or staining to painting1 and will last indefinitely4 ,the roof would be attractive if covered with a brightly colored composition roofing1 or with stained shingles or shakes4 ,the house consists of one large room1 with alcoves for dining and sleeping4 ,the ,pullman-type kitchen1 which means that everything is compact and within easy reach1 connects both with the dining area and the barbecue patio at the rear of the house--a convenience if meals are to be served outside4 ,the same thoughtfulness has gone into planning of the bath4 ,it has one door into the bunk-alcove and another opening on the pier1 so that swimmers may go to the shower without tracking up the rest of the house4 ,a curtain shuts off the bunk alcove at night1 and pulls back to make this part of the main room by day4 ,two double bunks provide beds for four persons4 ,large folding doors at each end of the house open on the pier and the patio1 giving an unusual sense of roominess4 ,the fireplace arrangement is also quite unusual1 having a single chimney which serves three purposes4 ,it carries flues from the fireplace1 the kitchen stove and the barbecue grill in the patio4 ,the woodbox is just inside the door for convenient filling4 for ,,summer or ,,winter ,,fun ,illustration3 ,elevation ,illustration3 ,floor plan ,one of the principal drawbacks to a real log cabin is the amount of work involved1 as well as the expense4 ,on the other hand1 the cabin shown here is an example of what can be done with 8imitation logs0 that give the effect of real ones1 while the task of building with them is no more difficult than with any finished lumber4 ,in another part of this book will be found illustrations of the various ways this log siding may be applied to obtain rustic effects4 ,if this cabin is to be left unpainted1 it would be wise to apply a coat of silver stain4 ,this gives the illusion of weathering and does away with the 8raw0 look of a new house4 ,the roof1 of shakes1 should be treated the same way4 ,to avoid cluttering up the living room1 the designer has provided a separate room for bunks4 ,this one holds two double-deckers and a large clothes closet4 ,a short hall connects with the bathroom4 ,a really novel feature is the pair of small windows which light the 8upper0 and 8lower0 of each set of bunks4 ,the kitchen is well lighted with three windows and a door1 and has ample space for roomy cupboards and a work table4 ,the stove can be placed so that the flue connects with the fireplace chimney4 ,the living room is large enough to hold a fairly large fireplace4 ,it has windows on three sides1 in addition to a pair of ,french doors opening on a rustic terrace4 ,one of the advantages of this kind of cabin over a real log one1 is the ease with which the interior can be finished4 ,perhaps the most suitable finish would be natural-color oiled plywood panels4 ,knotty pine or redwood paneling would also be attractive4 ,,cabin for ,,four is ,,easy to ,,build ,illustration3 ,elevation ,illustration3 ,floor plan ,for the amateur builder who wants to try his hand at a cabin1 this attractive design presents a minimum of construction problems and calls for only a very modest outlay for materials4 ,at the same time1 if the work is well done1 this cabin can be made as smart and attractive as one costing twice as much4 ,the most satisfactory1 as well as the easiest way to build this cabin1 would be with a frame of redwood timbers covered with half-round imitation log siding4 ,another finish that is not difficult to work out is with a combination of vertical and horizontal board and batten1 running the boards vertically for the walls and horizontally at the gable ends4 ,since this is first of all a rustic cabin1 it should by all means have a roof of redwood shakes4 ,the manner in which these are laid is responsible for lending interest and claim to an otherwise rather plain roof-line4 ,the front porch may be either flagstones or heavy planks1 although the latter would1 of course1 call for a foundation4 ,the two seats make an inviting place to rest1 but as will be seen from an inspection of the floor plan1 they serve for more than ordinary seats4 ,they have corresponding seats inside the living room1 and beneath them are concealed two roll-away double beds4 ,such construction for the beds is a great advantage in a small cabin1 since they can be pulled out or put away as needed4 ,this leaves the whole living room1 which is #ab #bj feet1 for any style of decoration you like4 ,the fireplace parallels the #bj-;foot dimensions of the room and may therefore be fairly large4 ,a general rule is to make it one-third as wide as the longest dimension of the room4 ,the kitchen is very conveniently arranged4 ,it has three windows1 affording ample light4 ,a dinette1 which could be made with a drop table and folding seats if necessary1 occupies one side of the room4 ,the stove can be placed so that the flue can go up the fireplace chimney4 ,this plan was furnished through the courtesy of the ,california ,redwood ,association4 ,,country ,,place of ,,charm ,illustration3 ,elevation ,illustration3 ,floor plan ,four walls1 a roof and a floor1 will make a cabin after a fashion4 ,but a glance at the illustration above will show what a little thought1 care and imagination on the part of a good architect will do to those same four walls4 ,this simple1 inexpensive country cottage1 sleeping four comfortably1 has all the little touches that distinguish a house of real charm4 ,because of its simplicity1 this cabin is adaptable to almost any site4 ,the original was designed by ,angelo ,hewetson1 ,san ,francisco architect1 to fit between four huge redwood trees1 and to be in keeping with the natural beauty of the location4 ,the exterior is of heavy sawed siding1 although board and batten would also be effective4 ,the roof1 stained a rich brown1 is of shingles laid irregularly4 ,the siding is stained pearl gray1 for a weathered effect1 with trim to match1 and the doors are painted a soft rose4 ,inside1 this cabin is equally charming4 ,the living room is broad and comfortable1 and features a massive fireplace4 ,a 8waterback0 may be installed in the back of the fireplace1 connected with a storage boiler to furnish hot water whenever the fireplace is in use4 ,at other times a water heater1 burning liquid gas or oil1 would heat the same tank4 ,the interior finish used by ,mr4 ,hewetson is about as attractive as can be devised1 and it's inexpensive1 too4 ,walls and ceilings in the living room and alcoves are sheathed in knotty pine boards of random widths from #d to #aj inches1 and the doors are all of planks of similar material4 ,all is stained driftwood gray with a touch of rose for warmth4 ,the kitchen and bath are in cream with soft green trim4 ,the porch1 open to the sky1 offers an ideal place for basking in the sun without shutting off any light from the interior4 ,in good weather it can be used as a sleeping porch to accommodate an extra guest4 ,,planned for ,,lazy ,,comfort ,illustration3 ,elevation ,illustration3 ,floor plan #ast ,floor #bnd ,floor ,just at a glance1 would you think it possible for eleven persons to be accommodated in the cabin illustrated here8 ,it is only #bj #bh feet in inside area1 yet such a feat is possible by intelligent use of every bit of floor space4 ,the real secret lies in utilization of the loft formed by the high roof4 ,this is transformed into a balcony-bedroom1 with space enough for two double beds and a single cot4 ,curtains or screens give the necessary privacy4 ,that takes care of five persons4 ,downstairs1 the living room is furnished with a long refectory table and benches1 several easy chairs and a day-bed that opens into a double bed at night4 ,that's two more4 ,then1 in the alcove off the living room1 are two double-deck bunks--and there's your accommodations for a total of eleven6 ,as in the case of most of these cabins1 this one is adaptable to a number of exterior treatments4 ,real logs or frame construction with siding and boards and batten are indicated in the drawing4 ,the porches provide two more suitable rooms1 where meals may be served in good weather4 ,john ,rattray1 of ,marysville1 built the original of this cabin at ,lake ,madrone1 ,butte ,county1 ,california4 ,,week-,,end ,,cabin in the ,,redwoods ,illustration3 ,elevation ,illustration3 ,floor plan ,after the noise and confusion of city life1 what more enjoyable change could one find than to spend a quiet week-end in a restful1 unpretentious cabin such as this8 ,because it has such regular1 unbroken walls1 it would be a fairly easy job to build out of real logs1 just as the designer has illustrated it4 ,in many parts of the ,west1 the entire structure could be erected from materials provided by ,nature right on the site4 ,since this is intended for week-end use1 it is not quite such an elaborate cabin as some1 but none of the conveniences have been omitted4 ,the big fireplace1 built on rugged lines1 would provide ample heat for the whole house4 ,note that a second stone chimney serves the kitchen--don't ruin the picture by sticking a metal stovepipe through the roof4 ,the interior walls would look well if the logs were stained or varnished1 but for added warmth it might be wise to cover them with wallboard4 ,inexpensive tongue-and-grooved ,oregon pine would be good for the floors1 as they would not be subject to much foot traffic4 ,if the floors are to be left unvarnished1 rub them with linseed oil as a preservative4 ,the use of casement-type windows is another good idea1 instead of the ordinary kind4 ,they are much more decorative1 and there's none of the bother of stringing sash-cords and weights4 ,,three ,,plans for ,,guest ,,cottages ,illustration3 ,elevations and floor plans ,this trio of little guest cabins will probably be welcomed by those families who have had the problem of entertaining frequent visitors in their vacation home1 but who like to maintain a certain amount of privacy that is almost impossible when a group of people have to eat and sleep and play in a summer cabin of limited size4 ,the guest cabin at the top of the page is one made of real logs4 ,visitors will enjoy the chance to live in a log cabin1 and this one is particularly attractive because its six windows provide what amounts to a sun room4 ,such a cabin would lend a rustic atmosphere to the grounds of any summer home1 even if the main cabin is built of some other material4 ,the second cabin1 at the right1 is a simple affair built on a wooden frame with a covering of board and batten4 ,the extension of the roof to include the porch makes this look like a much larger structure than it really is4 ,note also the treatment of the side windows which carries out this illusion4 ,the third little cabin is quite unique1 since it is built of common1 ordinary railroad ties6 ,this is not such a far-fetched idea1 either1 because many railroads are willing to sell used ties1 and sometimes even new ones--and they can be used to make a most effective log cabin with only about half the labor required to hew ordinary logs4 ,railroads ties are particularly well suited to a small house1 since it is not so necessary to splice timbers to gain needed length4 ,all of these guest cabins consist of a living room containing either a bunk or double bed1 and a bathroom4 ,no kitchen is provided1 since it is assumed that guests will take their meals at the main house4 ,however1 it is a gracious gesture--and one that will be appreciated--to provide a single-burner oil stove or an electric plate1 so that breakfast or a late snack may be prepared without invading the main kitchen4 ,,where ,,sky and ,,water ,,meet ,illustration3 ,elevation ,illustration3 ,floor plan ,you'd expect to find just such a simple1 homey kind of cabin out 8back of beyond0 where the sky and water meet1 because it's the sort of place just meant for the shores of some quiet lake or stream4 ,it isn't designed for show1 but for comfort-loving people on vacation4 ,the artist has given us this cabin with an exterior finish of redwood boards and battens1 combined with a small amount of stone for added interest1 but the same plan would be adaptable to almost any treatment--logs1 for example1 laid up in stockade fashion1 or milled redwood siding or even an all-over covering of hand-split shakes4 ,the roof1 by all means1 should be of shakes1 stained brown or just left to the weather4 ,a stone terrace and a landing stage for boats is shown in the illustration1 but these features are1 of course1 optional4 ,inside you'll find a #ab #ah foot living room1 dominated by a fireplace that takes up most of one wall1 but well lighted by windows and doors at each end4 ,the fireplace chimney1 incidentally1 also serves the kitchen stove4 ,the two bunk rooms offer ample quarters for four persons even if twin beds are used1 but in this1 as in many modern cabins1 it would be wise to conserve space by using double-deck bunks4 ,there's plenty of closet space1 too--one of them even has a window in it4 ,there are a number of other points of convenience about this cabin that may not meet the eye1 at first glance4 ,note the kitchen has its door opening onto the terrace1 making meals outside much simpler to serve4 ,the bathroom is far more convenient than some found in urban homes4 ,just to keep the whole family happy1 the shower has been placed in a separate enclosure from the main bathroom4 ,,vacation ,,home in ,,southland ,illustration3 ,elevation ,illustration3 ,floor plan ,another of those rather streamlined summer homes which some people call 8functional0 style is shown here4 ,actually1 the word simply means useful1 and that is one of the aims of all good architecture4 ,the effort here has been to get away from the frills and gingerbread that make 8horrors0 of so many older houses4 ,although this was designed for a beach house1 it would do as well in almost any type of location except a forest site4 ,streamlines don't seem quite suitable for a woods home4 ,if built away from water1 the boat shelter would make an ideal workshop1 laundry or storehouse4 ,construction is of stucco over wood frame1 with a broad1 flat roof extended several feet for added shade4 ,naturally1 this flat roof would be unsuitable for snow country1 but it is quite effective in other sections4 ,the over-hang1 by the way1 might be stained green4 ,foundations should all be of reinforced concrete block1 which is strong and cool4 ,the porch rails may be either pipe or stained wood4 ,inside1 the arrangement is extremely simple1 yet interesting4 ,the living and dining areas1 connected with the porch by sliding or folding doors1 can be made into one very large room for entertaining4 ,on the north side1 a long hall connects the bedroom and bath with other parts of the house4 ,a slight rearrangement of part of this hall would make the living room even larger4 ,the bedroom has accommodations for two single beds or bunks1 and there are two built-in bunks or divans in the living room4 a ,,cabin for ,,twenty ,,guests ,illustration3 ,elevation ,illustration3 ,floor plan ,not many families would require as spacious a cabin as this1 but the plan can be altered in various ways to expand or eliminate the accommodations as needed4 ,as it is1 this would make a splendid club for an outdoor group1 since it can be built for a fairly reasonable sum and is not a complicated construction problem4 ,the long bunk room1 divided by a hall1 has partitioned enclosures which will hold either a single bed1 double bunk or even a two-deck double bunk1 thus providing accommodations for either four1 eight or sixteen persons4 ,beyond the bunk room are two dressing rooms and two baths1 making it possible to care for guests of both sexes conveniently4 ,if additional beds are necessary1 several folding beds could be installed in the big living room4 ,the screened porch is a feature that is a good addition to any cabin4 ,it gives an extra room--an ideal place for meals--and by the installation of inexpensive hinged windows1 the porch can be used regardless of the weather4 ,preparation of meals for as large a group as may occupy this cabin presents somewhat of a problem1 so the designer has made the kitchen unusually spacious4 ,work-tables are shown along each wall1 but these can be reduced to allow for a refrigerator1 large range1 etc4 ,as in the case of the other club house presented in this book1 construction can be as simple or elaborate as the owners desire4 ,if amateur labor is going to be used1 the wisest choice of materials would be those requiring the least technical knowledge4 ,as shown here1 the cabin is wood frame1 covered with imitation log siding combined with flush siding above the level of the porch railing4 ,the roof is of shakes4 ,,mountain ,,home at ,,arrowhead ,illustration3 ,elevation ,illustration3 ,floor plan #ast ,floor #bnd ,floor ,inspired by a ,normandy-,french house built on the shore of ,lake ,arrowhead1 the plan illustrated here presents a spacious summer home for a large family or one which does much entertaining4 ,an idea of the size is indicated by the fireplace1 which has an opening of #i #e feet1 topped by a huge oak beam4 ,the exterior is pleasingly finished in board and batten with gable-ends of siding1 and a slate or shake roof4 ,the porch is flagstone with rustic rail4 ,the first floor1 besides a magnificent living room1 contains a master bedroom and bath1 maid's quarters and the kitchen4 ,upstairs are five minimum-size guest rooms and a bath4 ,four of the bedrooms are lighted by charming dormer windows4 ,an attractive way to finish the interior1 to keep it in the provincial spirit1 would be to use rough plaster walls with exposed ceiling beams and a plank floor in random widths pinned with wooden dowels4 ,the furniture should be hand made1 patterned after simple ,french peasant styles4 ,when the owners built the original of this home they salvaged old hand-wrought iron pieces from an abandoned construction camp to make much of the hardware1 and for the rest1 they used modern lacquered iron hardware1 with the finish burned off4 ,it was tempered in hot oil and then hand-hammered to give the proper look of age4 the ,,biggest ,,little ,,cabin ,illustration3 ,elevation ,illustration3 ,floor plan ,,big ,,room #af-j #bc-f ,kitch4 #f-e #h-f ,ba4 ,c4 ,,sh4 ,some people would be cramped for space in a ten-room house1 while others live with perfect freedom in a pup-tent4 ,it's all a matter of adapting oneself to the situation4 ,here1 for example1 is a cabin that might be too small for two persons1 while as a matter of fact it will sleep six without crowding at all4 ,that's not just a theory1 because a similar cabin has been used for several years up in the ,mt4 ,rainier country with great success4 ,it's just the easy-going1 unpretentious sort of place a man would love1 where he can wear old clothes and let his whiskers grow1 and the odors of coffee and sizzling bacon are sweeter than the most exotic perfume4 ,as illustrated this cabin has an exterior of wide planks and a roof of shakes4 ,it would make an ideal log cabin1 or take any one of a number of finishes4 ,if any kind of siding is used1 a beautiful effect could be obtained by use of silver-gray stain4 ,it makes a new cabin look as if it had stood through many winters4 ,if shakes or shingles are used for roofing1 be sure to include about #aj per cent of dark-stained ones with the lighter colors1 to give a dappled look like sunshine through the trees4 ,the real secret of this little cabin lies in the use of three folding double beds instead of the regular kind or bunks4 ,they are hinged at one end and can be put up out of the way1 concealed behind curtains or cupboard doors4 ,built-in double-deck bunks are1 of course1 a fine addition to any cabin1 but they do cut down the space even in a #bc-;foot living room4 ,the little flagstone entry may seem like a fancy addition to such a cabin1 but it is decorative--and insures against mud puddles at the front door4 ,the kitchen is particularly well arranged1 with lots of work table space and room for storage shelves above4 ,the bath1 although not large1 contains all the comforts of home4 ,,beach ,,house on a ,,bluff ,illustration3 ,elevation ,illustration3 ,floor plan ,any family fortunate enough to live near the ocean will find this house1 although primarily a vacation home1 is well suited to a year-round residence4 ,along the southern coast especially there are many such beach houses whose owners wouldn't think of living in town4 ,a number of very pleasing ideas have been included here by the designer4 ,although this appears to be just a two-room house1 there are features which make it as commodious as a four-room one at practically no additional cost4 ,for example1 the living room and bedroom are the principal parts of the house1 but the terrace provides an ideal outdoor dining room1 and the sun deck is just the place for sleeping out when the weather is clear4 ,stucco on a wood frame sheathed with insulating board forms the outer walls1 and plywood is used inside4 ,these interior walls could be plastered1 but this would cost slightly more4 ,all windows1 as well as the sliding and folding doors1 have steel frames4 ,floors are of colored and polished concrete4 ,a good color combination would be white for the exterior1 with all exposed woodwork1 such as garage doors1 stained tobacco brown4 ,the terrace rail and the spiral stair should be tile red4 ,inside1 the most restful finish would be flat paint in a pastel blue or green1 which is easy on the eyes in a location where there is so much bright sunlight4 ,the owner's bedroom1 with dressing room and closet1 and the bath adjoining1 make a very convenient unit away from the rest of the house4 ,a wide closet in the living room will hold one or more roll-away beds for extra guests4 ,also1 note the spacious woodbox which can be stocked from the garage4 ,the dining terrace1 with its decorative tree1 is protected from the wind4 ,from here the spiral staircase leads to the sun deck over the bedroom4 ,the fireplace is a rather necessary feature even in warm climates4 ,it is of stucco over concrete blocks4 ,the designer has suggested a novel idea in this connection3 to insure a cool air space between the ceiling and roof in summer1 a ventilator is run from the ceiling up the chimney stack4 a ,,caba,a--,,mexican ,,type ,illustration3 ,elevation ,illustration3 ,floor plan ,the inspiration for this charming little house has come down through the years from designs used so well by the early ,californians1 many of whom brought with them the traditions of their ,mexican and ,spanish ancestry4 ,while the architect1 ,arthur ,l4 ,herberger1 of ,los ,angeles1 specified this as a stucco dwelling1 a favorite medium for this type of house1 it would be an ideal design to work out in adobe1 such as the builders of other days would have used4 ,as in so many of these old houses1 the front entrance has an air of welcome1 but the patio for private gatherings is placed at the rear1 away from general view4 ,adobe clay can be found in many parts of the ,west1 and if your property happens to have a bed of this earth1 the house can be built for very little if you do all the work4 ,when all labor is hired1 however1 adobe is frequently more expensive than some other types of construction4 ,properly cured adobe blocks last for centuries4 ,two treatments can be suggested for the front entry4 ,it might be framed with brightly colored ,mexican tiles set into the stucco or adobe1 or the lintel and sides might be made of heavy hewn timbers4 ,whether adobe or stucco is used1 the roof should be of shakes or sun-baked tiles4 ,inside1 the early day spirit can be carried out by the use of rather rough plank walls1 whitewashed1 or oiled cedar panels4 ,the living room should extend to the roof1 with the rafters stained brown or painted with a gay ,mexican design4 ,attention to details1 such as the fireplace1 which may be of adobe or other handmade bricks1 and the choice of hardware1 will add much to the charm of such a house4 ,,cabin for ,,four in ,,high ,,sierra ,illustration3 ,elevation ,illustration3 ,floor plan ,here is a big1 comfortable cabin of no particular period of design--just a grand place to while away one's leisure time in some secluded spot where the only sound is the music of the wind in the pines4 ,the broad flagstone porch is just the spot to spend lazy afternoons1 and the living room is large enough for entertaining but not so large that it would be hard to heat4 ,according to the original design1 this cabin might be built with a board and batten exterior1 finished with a preparation of linseed oil and rotten stone--or it would be beautiful covered1 roof and all1 with silver-weathered shakes or shingles4 ,in either case1 the trim should be in a bright color for contrast1 and the chimney would be best if built of rough field stones4 ,inside1 the living room might be finished in knotty ,western cedar vertical-channel boards1 sanded until they feel like satin and rubbed with linseed oil4 ,here again1 for contrast1 the trim and doors might be painted some bright color4 ,the designer suggested waxed vermillion lacquer for the floor1 but if this sounds too bright1 it could be left natural color1 or perhaps covered with one of the tile patterns of inlaid linoleum4 ,the two bedrooms1 just for variety1 could be panelled in knotty pine1 while the bathroom and kitchen would be nice in some gay color such as canary yellow4 ,the arrangement of the fireplace at the back of the house allows construction of a feature which is especially popular in southern ,california--an outdoor fireplace4 ,a single chimney carries both flues4 ,the inner fireplace may be used for heating purposes1 while the outside one is ideal for barbecues on the terrace4 for ,,beach or ,,lakeshore ,illustration3 ,elevation ,illustration3 ,floor plan ,here's a thoroughly modern little cabin with very trim lines4 ,it will fit into almost any sort of sloping site4 ,shown here1 it's a mountain cabin with stone foundations forming the walls of a garage for two cars4 ,however1 with only a few minor changes1 the same plan could be used for a beach house1 and the garage could be transformed into a boat house4 ,construction details are quite simple4 ,the foundations1 stairway and retaining walls are stone1 which can often be had for nothing on the site4 ,the upper structure is wood frame1 covered outside with milled siding4 ,the studding is so planned as to make application of wallboard or plywood very easy1 for the interior4 ,if the cabin is to be built in snow country1 such a flat roof would have to be supported with unusually strong beams4 ,the simplest covering would be composition roofing4 ,to provide a serviceable walking surface1 a wood floor raised on slats should go over this built up rooting4 ,another excellent--and cheap--roofing for a deck that will have considerable foot traffic is made by applying canvas over the matched roof boarding1 just like the deck of a boat4 ,if kept painted1 this type of roofing is entirely satisfactory4 ,this is essentially a one-room structure1 but it includes in a compact space all the conveniences of a much larger house4 ,at one end of the living area is a small but complete kitchen1 screened by a cupboard4 ,on the reverse side of this cupboard is a hinged table that swings down at meal times4 ,sleeping quarters include two double-deck bunks against one wall1 with closet room at one end and the bathroom at the other4 ,this entire area can be screened off with sliding curtains hung from a ceiling track4 ,there is also room for a couch or day bed on one side of the fireplace4 ,wood storage is outside1 but the small closet by the fireplace could be used for this4 ,another interesting feature is the barbecue on the roof deck4 ,it is built into the chimney1 but if such an item adds too much to the cost1 a portable barbecue would do quite as well4 a ,,cabin in the ,,santa ,,cruz ,illustration3 ,elevation ,illustration3 ,floor plan ,for anyone who wants to satisfy that inner urge to live in a real log cabin1 no better guide could be followed than the plans shown here4 ,a glance at the illustration really doesn't give an idea of the roominess and comfort of the place that is apparent from a study of the floor plan4 ,however1 this cabin would be quite a task for an amateur builder to undertake4 ,the original of this cabin was built by the ,hugo ,eastmans on a knoll in the ,santa ,cruz mountains4 ,the rustic idea is carried out in every detail1 with real logs1 a rough stone fireplace and rugged rafters1 but inside are all the conveniences of a modern residence4 ,a pergola of rustic poles shades the front entrance4 ,because of the size of the cabin it is unnecessary to crowd the living room with beds4 ,there is one1 but it folds up and is concealed in a closet4 ,there are two comfortable bedrooms1 each with private bath4 ,one of the baths opens into the kitchen also4 ,since this is a real log cabin1 every possible detail should be made of this material1 including door and window trim1 porch rail and possibly the living room furniture4 ,the floor should be of random-width planks1 pinned with wooden dowels4 ,light is an important factor in a log cabin1 so much care should go into planning the color scheme4 ,if the cabin is of peeled logs1 the most beautiful interior finish would be to give the walls a couple of coats of clear varnish4 ,this brings out the whiteness of the logs and makes them easy to keep clean4 ,the bedrooms1 for contrast1 might be done in greenish blue and the kitchen in grey or tan4 here is a ,,cabin ,,that ,,grows ,illustration3 ,elevation ,illustration3 #a,,st ,stage ,illustration3 #b,,nd ,stage ,the building of any sort of a vacation cabin represents quite an investment for the average family1 and it is sometimes necessary to omit or hold back on certain features in order to make the budget work out4 ,the plan illustrated here is a splendid example of a charming cabin that started as a modest little place with just the minimum amount of room4 ,in its first stage1 the owner can erect the central frame1 which includes the living room1 a bunk-room1 kitchen and bath4 ,this all fits into a #ai- #bj-;foot structure1 and may be sheathed on the outside with board and batten1 as above1 or any type of material that fits the budget4 ,a feature adding a great deal of charm is the pair of casement windows at the front4 ,this much of the house could be built the first year1 with perhaps a temporary shelter for the car at the rear4 ,the following season1 or as soon as needed1 two real bedrooms could be added on one side1 utilizing the space formerly taken by bunks for closets4 ,it will be noted in the plan marked 8,second ,stage0 that a stairway to a cellar is indicated1 but the cellar1 of course1 is optional4 ,on the opposite side of the house1 the garage may be constructed1 either attached directly to the house1 or as shown here1 with a small porch and a breakfast room in between4 ,following the style of many of the recent houses1 this design uses a nice combination of board and batten and fitted masonry4 ,this plan was designed by ,howard ,h4 ,riley1 ,seattle architect1 and was furnished through the courtesy of the ,west ,coast ,lumbermen's ,association4 ,,rustic ,,cabin for ,,two ,,families ,illustration3 ,elevation ,illustration3 ,floor plan ,this plan of a two-family cabin is presented as a result of numerous requests from ,pacific ,coast families who want to enjoy their vacations together4 ,the problem is somewhat more difficult than planning a single house1 but the features illustrated here should make it possible to give two families a cabin at only slightly higher cost than an ordinary one4 ,the construction of such a cabin1 in most cases1 must be fairly reasonable4 ,therefore1 the one here is built of wood frame covered with board and batten1 on a low concrete foundation4 ,roofing may be of any type that meets the budget4 ,a large living room with a massive fireplace is the central feature inside4 ,here both families may gather1 or they may find privacy on separate porches on either side4 ,since meals would probably be eaten at the same time by both groups1 the kitchen and dining alcove have been made common to both sides4 ,the most interesting feature1 and one which should please everybody1 is a separate suite of sleeping quarters1 one at each end of the cabin1 for each family4 ,two bunk rooms1 holding either a double bed or a double-deck bunk1 with necessary closet space1 will accommodate four or eight persons in each suite4 ,the bunk rooms open on a short hall connecting with the bathroom4 ,an interesting way to finish such a cabin would be to leave the rafters and beams exposed in the main living room1 where a truly rustic atmosphere is most desirable4 ,if these timbers are given a hewn surface and stained brown1 they make a pleasing contrast to walls of natural-color knotty pine4 ,the floor should be made of broad planks1 to be in scale with the size of the room4 a ,,cabin on ,,four ,,levels ,illustration3 ,elevation ,illustration3 ,floor plan #a,,st ,floor #b,,nd ,floor ,in a vacation area where life is maintained on a more or less civilized plane1 this vacation home1 with its very modern lines1 would be quite attractive4 ,by 8civilized10 we mean that you could hardly imagine anyone loafing on the terrace in dirty old canvas slacks and a week's set of whiskers4 ,the plan is intended for a sloping site1 with floors on four levels beginning with the garage at the highest point4 ,the roof is flat and may be transformed into a sun deck4 ,foundations are concrete1 with wood frame covered with flush siding above4 ,inside1 the walls may be covered with wall board1 left natural color except in kitchen and baths4 ,the living room is two stories high1 with a balcony occupied by two double bunks4 ,the master's bedroom and private bath1 as well as a guest bath1 are on this balcony level also4 ,down a short flight of stairs from the living room is a dining alcove and the kitchen4 ,the dining alcove opens on a spacious terrace4 ,this same plan1 with a few minor changes such as the addition of a shower at the first floor entry1 would make a fine beach house4 ,,simplicity is the ,,keynote ,illustration3 ,elevation ,illustration3 ,floor plan ,this quaint little cottage1 with its low roof and wide porches1 is another good example of what can be done with the simplest of floor plans4 ,it really consists of just one big square room1 with partitions jutting out to form the bathroom and kitchen4 ,anyone can go that far without the guidance of an architect or builder1 but the added touches of an experienced hand1 as evidenced in the porch rail1 the little martin house on the roof and the stepped-back patio wall1 are what give this cabin its distinctive charm4 ,as shown here1 the walls are of board and batten1 with hand-split shakes laid on the roof in an irregular pattern4 ,the bird house is an attractive note frequently used on old-world houses4 ,the quaint line of the chimney is achieved by extending the tile flues above the masonry and curving the concrete fill up against them4 ,since this cabin has such inviting porches1 we have shown only one double bunk inside4 ,most families will prefer to sleep outside1 and since the porch is protected by the overhang of the roof on two sides1 several beds could be put there and screened from view by sliding curtains4 ,as a convenience for those who do sleep out1 an outer door to the bathroom has been included4 ,the kitchen is unusually roomy for a place of this size4 ,it has ample work room and a door opening on the patio for convenience when serving meals out of doors4 ,another charming feature of this little cabin is the unusual treatment of the bathroom window4 ,it is screened by small lattices4 ,,shelter for ,,two in high ,,country ,illustration3 ,elevation ,illustration3 ,floor plan ,for the man who likes to go back to his favorite trout stream or hunting country each year1 yet who doesn't want to go to the trouble and expense of a permanent cabin1 this little log and stone shelter is just about perfect4 ,two men can build the whole thing in a few days1 using only materials that can be picked up right on the spot4 ,even the roof shakes can be home-made4 ,since a hunting lodge is used in cold weather1 it would be wise to have the floor raised off the earth a few inches1 either with an all-around stone foundation as shown here1 or with a series of flat boulders4 ,the latter1 however1 do not keep out much of the cold4 ,hunters don't demand many luxuries when they're out in the wilds1 so only the barest comforts have been provided here4 ,by installing an iron grill in the fireplace1 most of the cooking could be done over the coals1 thus saving the space occupied by the oil stove4 ,there is just room enough for two single bunks or folding cots4 ,to save the trouble of packing in a lot of bedding1 it would be a good idea to use sleeping bags and air-mattresses4 for ,,vacations by the ,,sea ,illustration3 ,elevation ,illustration3 ,floor plan ,proper construction is a most important point in a beach house such as the one above1 because unless the house is well built1 your vacation by the sea can be a pretty miserable affair4 ,cold damp winds have a way of finding chinks in the walls and sand will blow under the windows unless they're properly fitted4 ,the board and batten walls of this beach house are as satisfactory as any you can select4 ,moisture-laden atmosphere is not as likely to affect this kind of material1 especially if it is well painted4 ,incidentally1 when buying paint for your beach house1 be sure to get the best1 because salt air is very hard on paint4 ,pay a little more at first and save the work of a paint job next season4 ,a shake roof would look nice on such a house1 and would be satisfactory if the shakes were stained4 ,composition shingles1 perhaps1 would be a good idea1 too1 but they do not make such an interesting roof4 ,the interior plan of this house makes it a good one either for week-ends or for semi-permanent use4 ,indeed1 if you like to commute1 it could be occupied all year 'round1 since it has all the comforts of a modern city home4 ,there's one master bedroom1 connected directly with the bath1 and a large bunk room for guests4 ,if bunks are used here1 be sure to build them along the lines of a ship's berth1 just for a nautical atmosphere4 ,as a matter of fact1 a beach house is just the place where lots of imagination can be used4 ,door knobs and other hardware of bright brass1 a colored ship's lamp over the front door1 and perhaps a couple of real portholes instead of the small windows in the bunk room and the bath1 would lend a very salty air4 ,such items can be bought at any ship chandler's4 ,the living room1 for example1 might have a 8deck0 of scoured oak1 with linoleum in the other rooms inlaid with anchors and other seagoing devices4 ,lengths of fish net1 complete with leads and corks1 make fine window drapes--and above all1 get a small ship's bell to call all hands to meals4 ,,five ,,rooms in a ,,one ,,room ,,cabin ,illustration3 ,elevation ,illustration3 ,floor plan ,the amazing things that can be done in a limited space with a curtain or two and some careful planning with furniture1 are nowhere better demonstrated than in this one-room cabin4 ,the designer started with nothing but an #ah #bj-;foot rectangle for a floor plan1 yet he has evolved a comfortable week-end cabin for at least four persons4 ,the exterior walls of this cabin have been treated in an unusual manner which makes something quite unique out of what might have been just another cabin4 ,the end walls1 chimney and porch are constructed of rough-hewn stone1 while the front and rear walls are board and batten4 ,the roof could be shakes1 shingles or slates4 ,of course1 this same cabin could be built any one of a number of ways1 using logs or shingles instead of the stone and wood combination4 ,the front door1 to carry out the atmosphere of simplicity1 should be of planks4 ,the cabin1 which was the inspiration for the one illustrated here1 had an interior of cedar panels1 uncolored except for a treatment with hot oil4 ,this makes a good wall finish1 although if you prefer them1 plywood or wall board would be appropriate and not costly4 ,because of its limited size1 perhaps a light interior of natural or tinted wall board would be most satisfactory4 ,just inside the front door1 at the left1 is a kitchenette with two built-in seats and a drop-table to form a dinette such as many apartments have4 ,additional seats may be built on the other side of the kitchenette if desired4 ,at the far end of the room is a space for two double beds or bunks4 ,the latter would be more pleasing1 since they offer attractive lounging places during the day4 ,between the bunks is a washroom and two closets which form a partition and divide the space into two bedrooms4 ,a sliding curtain conceals the bedroom end when desired4 ,because this is intended simply as a week-end cabin1 no provision is made for an inside toilet4 ,however1 it would be entirely feasible to add an adjoining room at the rear for a complete bathroom4 ,,cabin ,,conveniences ,illustration3 ,,cabin ,,conveniences ,make your vacation home as comfortable as you can for the amount of money you have to spend4 ,remember that the four major comforts in any house are light1 heat1 water1 and cooking facilities4 ,proper lighting is one of the most important comforts4 ,you can get water from a stream and boil it1 if you have to2 you can cook and warm yourself with a fireplace1 but you will find it harmful to your eyes to depend entirely upon candles or ordinary kerosene lamps for light4 ,if you are building within range of power lines1 by all means install electric lights1 even if it costs a little more than you had planned to spend4 ,if you want primitive effects1 you can get them very effectively by a proper choice of fixtures without sacrificing good lighting4 ,next best to public utility power is your own private electric plant1 operated by a gasoline engine4 ,such an installation1 consisting of engine1 generator and storage battery1 may be had for as little as #ge4jj1 not including wiring the cabin itself4 ,this minimum-priced outfit will light a small cabin and operate an electric iron and toaster4 ,you can go as much higher as you want up to a #aejj installation1 which will supply almost enough power for a small summer resort4 ,if you must get along without electricity1 the best portable devices are gasoline lamps and lanterns4 ,you should have several of them4 ,they burn with a mantle like old-fashioned gas but give an intense white light and use ordinary gasoline4 ,be sure1 though1 not to use gasoline treated with tetra-ethyl lead4 ,these lights are satisfactory for reading1 and you can take a gasoline lantern out in a storm without danger of its blowing out4 ,in most cases1 if you use your cabin only in summer1 the fireplace will provide sufficient heat1 especially if you have the air circulating kind so located that the warm air can be utilized in adjoining rooms4 ,if more heat is required1 and it will be if you use the cabin in winter1 investigate the oil-burning heaters that combine directed heat with heat circulation and heat radiation4 ,portable oil or electric heaters are also handy at any time of the year4 ,central heating is generally not necessary unless your cabin is to be used as a year-round home4 ,illustration3 ,even though your cabin is beyond reach of gas and electricity1 you need not be without modern kitchen conveniences4 ,oil burning ranges and refrigerators provide the same service as found in a modern city home4 ,if you are going in for real cabin comfort1 you will naturally have running water in the kitchen and bath4 ,the next step in comfort is an adequate supply of hot water4 ,electric1 gas- or oil-burning equipment will give you all the hot water you want4 ,with an insulated storage tank you can have automatic hot water with an electric heater4 ,the cost will depend on your power rate and you must decide if it fits your purse4 ,if you have one of the so-called 8bottled gas0 installations1 you can use this fuel for your hot water4 ,an oil burning water heater will provide an adequate supply of hot water at reasonable cost4 ,water-heating coils in the back of the fireplace or in a wood burning stove provide inexpensive hot water1 but not always timely or in adequate amounts4 ,it is possible to connect these coils with a storage tank that is also heated by oil or gas appliances1 so that you only use this fuel when the fireplace or stove does not supply enough hot water4 ,probably one of the most neglected comforts in the average cabin is the kitchen in general and the cook stove in particular4 ,if the cook is to have as good a time as the rest of the family1 the cabin kitchen should be modern and conveniently arranged4 ,a wood burning cook stove does not add to the pleasures of feeding the family and guests4 ,but a possible point to consider3 a kitchen range is an excellent added heater in a cabin that is to be used in cold weather4 ,today's cabinet type oil range1 with burners and fuel reservoir concealed1 is as attractive in appearance as the modern gas or electric range4 ,burners are quick in performance and adjustable to any degree of heat desired4 8,bottled gas0 installations are also practical if your cabin is located where it can be serviced by the sales representative4 ,the gas1 compressed to liquid form in a steel cylinder1 is piped to your stove like ordinary city gas4 ,however1 burners must be especially adjusted for it1 or if you are buying a new stove1 get one made for this fuel4 ,refrigeration adds to the comforts of cabin life as much as to city life4 ,if you have electricity1 you can use the conventional electric refrigerator4 ,also available are mechanical refrigerators that use gas4 ,modern oil burning refrigerators also give effective performance and are usable anywhere1 requiring no outside connections4 ,there are two types--one having a continuous flame and the other requiring the burners to be lit about two hours a day1 the burners going out automatically when the required quantity of oil has been consumed4 ,while the space may of necessity be smaller1 the kitchen of the vacation home deserves as much thought in planning as that in the city house4 ,apply the same principles of convenience and workable arrangement and provide plenty of storage space1 for the family on vacation does not ordinarily go food shopping every day4 ,on the following pages you will find a number of kitchen conveniences that with a little planning can be incorporated into your cabin kitchen4 ,illustration3 ,this diagram shows how the hot water tank can be connected with heating coils in the back of the fireplace or in the firebox of a wood-burning stove4 ,a stand-by gas or oil heater supplies additional hot water when needed4 ,,to ,,faucet ,,kitchen ,,stove ,,tank ,,heater ,,fireplace ,,intake ,,cabin ,,miscellany ,illustration3 ,,cabin ,,miscellany ,native ,stone ,lends ,charm and ,ruggedness to ,cabin ,fireplaces and ,barbecues ,native stone1 gathered from near the site1 seems to be the most popular material for the cabin fireplace or barbecue4 ,skillfully handled1 it may be adapted to a variety of artistic treatments1 and it lends to the cabin1 inside and out1 the atmosphere of ruggedness sought after by most cabin builders4 ,sometimes the stones are gathered one by one over a wide area for their appearance1 beauty and other characteristics1 so the fireplace itself becomes almost a collector's item to those who have gathered far and wide the material for its construction4 ,where stones of the proper size are not available1 they are frequently blasted from larger boulders4 ,the various ideas for indoor and outdoor fireplaces and barbecues shown here have been sketched from photographs of fireplaces actually built in ,western cabins4 ,they show some of the wide possibilities of design and of decorative treatment4 ,among them1 or from a combination of their various features1 you should be able to find the design of your ideal fireplace4 ,illustration3 ,this attractive all-stone fireplace shows what a little ingenuity can do in arranging a mantel without the use of wood or set-back in the masonry4 ,a carefully selected long flat stone1 imbedded in the chimney wall and supported by three oblong stones1 makes the mantel and adds a touch of master craftsmanship to the entire fireplace4 ,illustration3 ,a metal hood gives a rustic effect to this small fireplace and adds to its efficiency as well4 ,illustration3 ,for a large cabin room this massive fireplace lends an air of warmth and comfort4 ,the large mantel area is obtained by building the fireplace out into the room and setting back the chimney4 ,suggested by the fireplace at ,rainbow ,gibson's ,weasku-,inn1 ,grants ,pass1 ,ore4 ,illustration3 ,increased floor area in the smaller cabin is obtained by setting the fireplace back flush with the walls4 ,the chimney could have been set back still farther and covered1 but running the stone work to the roof breaks up a long wall4 ,illustration3 ,hand-picked boulders1 skillfully arranged and tapered toward the ceiling1 make this fireplace look as if it had been transplanted from a frontier cabin4 ,it is an effective and interesting treatment where a mantel is not desired4 ,from the ,w4 ,b4 ,jones cottage at ,kaweah1 ,california4 ,illustration3 ,a huge oak beam1 hand hewn1 tops off this large fireplace and gives a massive effect in keeping with a large cabin living room4 ,the warming-ledge with its old-fashioned cast iron kettle adds a note of charm4 ,illustration3 ,here is an interesting treatment of massive stones that shows still another mantel arrangement4 ,in this case the mantel is a quarter log supported by two heavy hewn beams imbedded in the masonry4 ,it fits in charmingly with the atmosphere of a log cabin4 ,the bar support for kettles is even more pioneerish than a pot and crane and in keeping with rugged charm of the fireplace itself4 ,outdoor ,cooking ,awakens ,primitive ,impulses and ,sharpens ,vacation ,appetites ,all the world likes to return to the primitive at times4 ,in most cases this return takes the form of cooking and eating a meal outdoors4 ,there is something about a fire outdoors that awakens impulses lost in us ages ago4 ,and a well cooked outdoor meal makes hearty vacation appetites even keener4 ,since the purpose of your vacation home is to get closer to nature1 you should plan to get the most out of it by providing facilities for cooking and eating at least some of your meals in the open4 ,on the other hand1 you will want to arrange to have greater convenience than the open fire on the surface of the ground that served your ancestors long ago4 ,the outdoor grill1 or an outdoor fireplace with a grill built in1 provides the comfort and facilities that the modern generation demands4 ,illustration3 ,this barbecue grill and fireplace built in the stump of a great redwood looks as if the tree had actually grown around it4 ,from the ,e4 ,d4 ,thompson summer home at ,ben ,lomond1 ,california4 ,illustration3 ,this barbecue layout consists of grill1 oven1 and separate fireplace4 ,the oven is heated by the draft from the fireplace or barbecue1 which passes around it1 but it may also have a separate firebox4 ,note the handy adjustable grill1 which is one of several types sold by ,pacific ,coast manufacturers4 ,illustration3 ,an isolated area surrounded by trees and shrubbery makes an ideal setting for the outdoor fireplace4 ,be sure1 however1 that there is no dense growth overhead to interfere with the draft4 ,large logs make rustic seats1 one on each side4 ,place the rough table about ten feet away with split logs for benches4 ,outdoor grills range from the simplest form ,u-shaped brick cooking place1 covered with a heavy steel screening1 to huge affairs of brick or stone with chimneys and dampers1 ,dutch ovens built into the sides1 warming places for plates1 and perhaps a roaring separate fireplace to soften the chill of the evening air4 ,all of them are relatively easy to build and reasonably inexpensive4 ,however1 you must keep the fire hazards in mind1 and in the ,national ,forests1 before you begin to build1 have your forest officer approve your plan and location4 ,construction of the outdoor fireplace is much the same as that of an indoor one except that the chimney and flue are not carried to such a height4 ,nor does the footing need to be as thick unless your fireplace is very heavy4 ,a concrete base eight inches thick with four inches of this above ground is usually ample4 ,you may use the chimney of your cabin fireplace for your outdoor fireplace or grill but be sure to provide a separate flue4 ,illustration3 ,here is a combination outdoor fireplace and grill large enough to cook for the neighborhood4 ,after the steaks are broiled1 large logs can be rolled in to provide a roaring fire for the evening4 ,the grill can be supported by a three-sided frame of firebricks built up to the proper height4 ,illustration3 ,the feature of this barbecue and oven is a sliding fire pan4 ,the fire may be used to heat the oven until the coals are ready and then slid across under the grill1 or with two pans both grill and oven may be heated at the same time4 ,illustration3 ,to make this barbecue pit1 a framework was built up of an old barrel and scrap lumber and then covered with concrete4 ,a slow fire burned out the wood when the concrete had hardened4 ,it is set on a platform of concrete and bricks against a rough chimney of rock4 ,illustration3 ,this barbecue of stone is built with the firebox and grill at a convenient height4 ,a chimney is desirable but not necessary4 ,note the device for raising and lowering the grill4 ,there are several methods of adapting the outdoor fireplace to cooking4 ,the simplest is to provide yourself with a pair of rather high andirons and a grill to lay over the top of them4 ,the grill may also be hinged to rear of the fireplace or you may install sliding adjustable grill as illustrated4 ,a pot and crane adds to the appearance as well as the utility of the outdoor fireplace4 ,the design of the barbecue grill or outdoor stove is a matter for your own taste4 ,for comfort's sake you will want to have the grill top about the height of your kitchen stove4 ,build up the firebox so that when the coals are glowing1 they will be about eight inches below the grill1 which should be made of _/-inch steel rods spaced about one inch apart in a metal frame4 ,a groove or seat for the grill may be made in the masonry1 or you may provide supports by imbedding projecting pieces of iron in the firebox walls4 ,a piece of sheet steel laid over the grill will provide a fry plate when one is needed4 ,a chimney is a good addition to a grill of this type4 ,it not only adds some architectural character but it will draw off fumes and give a better draft to your fire4 ,and if you want even more efficiency1 you can include some sort of damper arrangement to control the draught4 ,illustration3 ,this outdoor stove is simple to construct and may be used for cooking over flame or broiling over live coals4 ,you can make it even simpler by omitting the chimney and the door on the front of the firebox4 ,illustration3 ,for roasts over the coals a revolving spit is indispensable4 ,a half-inch iron bar can be bent in the form of a crank at one end1 sharpened at the other1 and set in a pair of bearings or saddles designed to straddle the walls of the firepit4 ,illustration3 ,you don't have to wait for good outdoor weather to enjoy grilled steaks if your fireplace is equipped with a hinged grill that hooks up out of the way when the fireplace is not being used for cooking4 ,for this type of grill use -inch rods spaced about #a inches apart4 ,the andirons1 or metal legs attached to the grill1 keep it at the right height from the floor4 ,illustration3 ,a pot and crane add interest to the cabin fireplace1 whether it is indoors or out4 ,any wrought iron shop can make this crane4 ,you might even get it done by the country blacksmith4 ,illustration3 ,another way to convert an ordinary fireplace into a barbecue is to install a sliding grill4 ,by providing additional slides you may adjust the height from the coals4 ,two types of metal slides are shown4 ,don't forget1 when having the grill made1 to adjust its shape to the side walls of the fireplace and to allow for heat expansion4 ,illustration3 ,a barbecue belt is a great convenience in keeping important accessories handy when you are cooking in the open4 ,you can make one of leather or oilcloth or several thicknesses of cotton material interlined with buckram4 ,make pockets to hold the salt and pepper shakers1 provide clasps for your pot holders and loops to hold your fork and spoon4 ,now you are ready to cook4 ,if you prefer1 you can build these features into a chef's apron4 ,illustration3 ,fireplace tools that stay up out of the way when not in use may be hand forged by any good blacksmith or wrought iron worker4 ,a simple bracket with projecting prongs1 as illustrated1 is fastened to the fireplace wall and each tool hangs by a collar4 ,rough forged tools are more in keeping with the cabin effect than the factory-finished kind4 ,if the maker is skillful enough1 the heads may be made in various designs4 ,animal heads are popular4 ,illustration3 ,discarded railroad rails make excellent material for hand-forged andirons that are heavy enough and crude enough for any cabin4 ,simply have the blacksmith turn up one end of each piece of rail4 ,if you want to be more original1 you can have the end forged into some special design1 as shown4 ,illustration3 ,the old-fashioned ,california ranch-type dinner gong will round up the family from far and near when the meal is ready4 ,any blacksmith can forge one of octagonal tempered steel4 ,suspend it by a steel wire from a wrought iron bracket4 ,illustration3 ,a handy supply of wood is a great convenience in the cabin4 ,so1 plan a woodbox when you plan the fireplace4 ,here is one built in the fireplace wall4 ,you can put a door on it1 if you wish1 but the exposed wood does not look out of place in the cabin4 ,don't overlook the possibility of a two-way woodbox that can be filled from the outside or from the garage or wherever the wood is stored4 ,your ,vacation ,home ,deserves the ,right ,kind of ,furnishings ,many vacation homes are so obviously furnished with discarded town house furniture--odds and ends from different rooms--and with misfit draperies and scraps of old carpet4 ,after a few seasons they are likely to look like a cross between a second-hand store and a rummage sale4 ,rooms containing such odds and ends can scarcely be called restful and yet a cabin home is supposed to exist for rest and relaxation4 ,illustration3 ,the fold-away bed is popular in well-ordered cabins4 ,you can buy the old-style apartment house beds or construct the folding arrangement yourself with hinges or braces and legs as shown4 ,the shelf and curtain plan is the simplest way to conceal it1 but if you want better appearance in the daytime1 recess the bed into a closet to fit and enclose it with doors4 ,illustration3 ,four single bunks arranged ,pullman style provide a lot of sleeping capacity in a small room4 ,however1 don't overlook the problem of comfortable ventilation4 ,illustration3 ,imitation log siding made the framework and finish for these built-in bunks4 ,note that space between the bunks is sufficient for daytime lounging without striking a tall lounger's head against the upper bunk4 ,if you are buying new furniture1 give consideration to the newer so-called ,california style furniture1 which retains the ,spanish or ,mission influence4 ,it is now made by various manufacturers4 ,it has simplicity and sturdiness1 is not easily damaged1 and does not need a great deal of care4 ,it is perhaps the most distinctive kind of furniture for the purpose and1 when set in an environment of rustic simplicity with gay fabrics and correct accessories1 is admirably suited to informal living4 ,illustration3 ,here is a space saving arrangement--a bunk and trundle bunk4 ,the bunk at the right slides through the living room wall and under the high bunk in the bedroom4 ,a variation of this arrangement is a bed that slides through the living room wall to the sleeping porch so you can sleep indoors or out as fancy dictates4 ,from the ,w4 ,b4 ,fairweather beach home at ,balboa ,island1 ,calif4 ,,trundle ,,bunk ,,rolls ,,under ,if old furniture must be used1 try the magic of paint4 ,it is wonderful what may be accomplished with some cans of paint and brushes4 ,then cover the old seating pieces with some gay cretonne slip covers1 use the same fabrics at the windows1 and a cheerful1 colorful result is obtained4 ,when refinishing old furniture try remodeling it to fit its new surroundings4 ,chest and chairs and such1 dating from the early days of the century1 are likely to have a lot of gingerbread decoration4 ,by removing as much of this as possible and getting down to the simple basic lines of the piece much improvement may be made4 ,illustration3 ,these bunks1 attractively curtained with cretonne1 fit into the atmosphere of the cabin living room without detracting from its appearance4 ,if the curtains are made to slide closed1 ,pullman fashion1 they provide privacy for an early retirer4 ,illustration3 ,folding or sliding doors from the living room or bedroom to the sleeping porch help make the beds more accessible to the center of things in the cabin4 ,if you have double-deck bunks on the porch1 provide a second door and ladder to it4 ,from an arrangement in the ,walter ,doty home1 ,los ,altos1 ,calif4 ,before painting any piece previously coated with shellac or varnish go over it with varnish remover or use a hook scraper and steel wool1 cleaning down to the bare wood4 ,apply a coat of flat white and1 when dry1 at least two coats of one of the quick-drying enamels4 ,go over each coat with very fine sandpaper or steel wool and brush off the resulting dust before applying the next coat4 ,if you are working with maple1 walnut or cherry1 the natural color of the wood is often more pleasing than a paint or stain4 ,remove all traces of enamel1 stain or varnish and sand the surfaces smooth4 ,then apply a thin coat of clear shellac--orange if you prefer--and after sanding this once more polish with ordinary prepared wax4 ,illustration3 ,steamer style bunks are particularly effective in the beach house4 ,the ladder provides safe and easy access to the upper one4 ,don't overlook the possibility of providing drawers for storage space beneath the lower bunks4 ,from the ,seton ,i4 ,miller residence1 ,van ,nuys1 ,calif4 ,illustration3 ,a unique arrangement of fireside seats made from automobile seats1 which may be bought at any wrecking yard4 ,special framework has been constructed to hold the seats at the correct height and angle4 ,the upholstery may be covered with material to match the decorative scheme of the room4 ,,small ,,tables ,illustration3 ,this rustic version of a four-poster bed is made of four-inch posts with a large pine cone on the top4 ,the post may be with or without bark and the framework may also be of poles instead of finished lumber4 ,a ,score and ,more of ,cabin ,ideas ,rustic furniture1 of course1 is attractive in most cabins1 but it frequently takes considerable skill and ingenuity to make it comfortable4 ,where considerable room is required to sleep weekend party guests1 give a thought to furniture and fixtures that can be converted into comfortable beds on short notice4 ,studio couches provide lounging by day and sleeping by night4 ,double-deck bunks use a minimum of floor space and provide attractive and comfortable sleeping accommodations4 ,hinged wall beds that disappear under shelves and curtains or into closets are likewise popular4 ,illustration3 ,a good cooler4 ,make a large box-shaped frame and cover with several thicknesses of burlap4 ,put it in shade under a water hydrant set to drip continuously but very slowly on the top of box4 ,illustration3 ,these diagrams show the various steps in making a comfortable barrel chair4 ,the seat1 which may be the barrel head dropped down until it wedges tight1 can be upholstered to suit your own taste or you may make a rope lacing for seat support as shown above4 #a-;,,inch ,,holes ,,spaced #d ,,inches ,,apart and #a ,,inches ,,below ,,line ,,of ,,cut ,,rope ,,lacing ,,for ,,seat ,,support ,,furniture ,,webbing ,,over ,,rope ,,support ,,forms ,,good ,,upholstery ,,foundation ,illustration3 ,here is a simple and sturdy cabin table that can be built in a few hours4 ,allow two linear feet of space for each person1 and build the top of the table #bi inches from the floor4 #b-;,,inch ,,slabs ,,half-,,round ,,split-,,pole ,,cleat ,,halved ,,joint ,,where ,,table ,,legs ,,cross ,,spread ,,of ,,legs ,,at ,,bottom ,,equals ,,width ,,of ,,top ,illustration3 ,an extremely simple yet effective camp stool made from a smoothed half-log4 ,bore four holes at least two inches deep for the legs and be sure they are spread well apart4 ,illustration3 ,this 8dummy waiter0 type of underground cooler consists of a hole or well about #aj feet deep lined with concrete or bricks1 with a frame over it to hold a series of shelves hung on a pulley with a counterbalance4 ,illustration3 ,a small skylight trapdoor above your cabin cook stove serves as a ventilator and an escape for smoke and hot air4 ,the drawing shows how it should be rigged4 ,the box keeps out rain and snow and should be flashed all around with drain holes on the lower side4 ,,box ,,wire ,,screen ,,flashing ,illustration3 ,the simple two-way stool shown here is made by knocking out one side and one end of a fairly strong box4 ,round off the corners and fill the box with pillows or tack pads inside4 ,it can be used as a low backrest on the floor1 and when inverted makes an ordinary flat-topped seat4 ,illustration3 ,a rope-wound keg with sponge rubber cushion makes an unusual stool4 ,a similar keg may also be used as a table base4 ,tack rope to hold in place4 ,,sponge ,,rubber ,,cushion -,,inch ,,rope ,,linoleum ,,covered ,,top ,illustration3 ,any home craftsman can make this hurricane candlestick4 ,vent holes should be drilled on the underside to provide air for combustion4 ,an ordinary lamp chimney is used4 ,it will not smoke the chimney nor blow out in the wind4 ,illustration3 ,an old-fashioned1 long-handled skillet1 an electric clock and the skill of a manufacturing jeweler are the ingredients that go into the making of this unusual cabin timepiece4 ,illustration3 ,steps in making traditional backwoods chairs4 ,seat and back can be woven of rawhide or covered with plywood and padded4 ,if bending is not done when wood is green1 steam wood in very hot water in covered trough4 ,,twist ,,rope ,,with ,,stick ,,wood ,,block ,,bend ,,wedge ,,in ,,tenon ,,tightens ,,joing ,,when ,,driven ,,up ,,sloping ,,shoulder ,,mortise ,,tenon ,,joint ,illustration3 ,this wagon hub lamp is simple enough to make and carries out the farmyard motif4 ,illustration3 ,a wagon wheel gate makes an interesting entrance to the cabin pathway4 ,illustration3 ,this illustration shows how the guest-book may be given a permanent support4 ,it might be placed in the living room or on a covered porch4 ,guest ,book ,illustration3 ,a chandelier made of an old wagon wheel and with the electric fixtures encased in old-fashioned lamps is an interesting and appropriate lighting fixture for the cabin living room4 ,illustration3 ,a novel hatrack made of the mounted head of a buck and four legs that have been cured and tied to make a right angle and then inserted and securely fastened in holes bored into the back board4 ,illustration3 ,refinished shutters from old ranch houses make ideal and attractive screens for use in vacation homes4 ,put them together with small brass two-way hinges1 patch up old cracks and holes with plastic wood1 scrape and sandpaper all of the old finish until the wood is in fair condition4 ,you can then give the shutters any type of finish that will fit in with your decorative scheme4 ,illustration3 ,if your vacation home happens to be situated where you have ,r4 ,f4 ,d4 mail service or a daily newspaper delivery1 why not get away from the ugly and conventional mailbox8 ,your own cabin built in miniature will make a mailbox that is unusual4 ,your name on the side of the cabin or on the post below will help to guide the guests to your place4 ,illustration3 ,the apartment idea of using cupboards to divide the kitchen and the dining alcove merits consideration when you are planning your cabin4 ,these cupboards give you the effect of two separate rooms and1 of course1 supply a good deal of storage space without taking up valuable floor space4 ,mountain ,cabin ,pictures ,a mountain cabin scarcely requires the conventional kind of pictures on the walls4 ,however1 here are two kinds that fit the cabin picture4 ,have some extra large enlargements made of photographs of your choicest scenic spots4 ,mount these and frame them with strips of cedar bark4 ,geological survey maps or the forest service maps of your vicinity1 similarly framed1 are an appropriate cabin decoration4 ,metal ,lined ,closets ,it is a good idea in every mountain cabin to provide one metal lined closet with floor space the size of a single bed mattress and high enough to store your entire supply of mattresses and bedding1 as well as other things you do not wish to go into chipmunks' and packrats' warehouses4 ,tin or zinc is a satisfactory lining4 ,one or two metal lined food storage compartments should also be provided in the cabin kitchen4 ,illustration3 ,this old-fashioned but rustic dining room table is easy to build4 ,four seasoned posts1 some heavy plank1 and a supply of nails complete the bill of materials4 ,the table is particularly effective when rustic chairs are used with it4 ,starting the ,fireplace ,fire ,a cupful 7not more7 of ,diesel oil over the laid hearth fire just before lighting is a safe starter with no flare such as kerosene gives4 ,it allows a successful immediate fire with no paper1 less kindling1 and greater warmth4 ,diesel oil is efficient and cheap1 and the small quantity used for this purpose seems to make no obvious increase of soot4 ,its safety and cheapness can lead to many adaptations of it as a fire starter in camp or lodge4 ,if members of your family are not familiar with lighting such fires1 warn them against tossing gasoline or kerosene on the flames4 ,it is positively dangerous4 ,illustration3 ,ordinarily there isn't space for a bath tub in the average cabin1 but a shower is usually acceptable to all but the very small members of the family4 ,if you have young children1 you can solve the problem by walling up the shower with cement to a height of two feet from the floor and providing for a stopper in the drain4 ,this makes a small tub that young children will appreciate1 and it is easy for adults to step over the wall4 ,illustration3 ,this ox-yoke lighting fixture fits into the cabin atmosphere4 ,illustration3 ,any wrought iron worker can make this door knocker from an old horseshoe4 ,illustration3 ,this interesting lighting fixture is made by suspending an old kerosene lamp on a hame from a discarded set of harness4 ,illustration3 ,horseshoe andirons give a ranch effect to the cabin fireplace4 ,branding irons also make good andirons4 ,illustration3 ,these horseshoe hinges will add interest to the cabin door4 ,the nails shown are ornamental1 the necessary support being provided by strong screws countersunk in the iron4 ,illustration3 ,a sheep bell hung from a strap iron spiral makes an interesting door bell4 ,a pull at the bottom sets the bell to jingling gayly4 ,illustration3 ,this portable and collapsible table is easy to make and a great convenience in the kitchen or at the side of the barbecue when you are entertaining outdoors4 ,you can make it of rustic materials or of ordinary lumber4 ,cover the top with strong canvas or a good grade of oilcloth1 or both4 ,,bibliography ,ever since the first man came down out of a tree and set up housekeeping in a cave1 he has been interested in making his dwelling more comfortable and more beautiful4 ,naturally1 the amount of material that has been written on the subject has been enormous1 because man is also interested in telling his neighbors all about it4 ,as a prospective cabin builder1 undoubtedly you will want to read more fully on the subject of houses and methods of construction4 ,the various books listed below should prove helpful4 ,they are among the most recent works published1 and should be readily obtainable from any good book dealer4 ,if you are building a vacation home1 you will find them a source of knowledge as well as inspiration4 ,the ,real ,log ,cabin1 by ,chilson ,d4 ,aldrich4 7,macmillan47 ,how to ,build ,log ,cabins1 ,lodges ,bungalows1 ,popular ,science ,publishing ,co4 ,more ,house for ,your ,money1 by ,elizabeth ,gordon and ,dorothy ,ducas4 7,morrow47 ,home ,owner's ,handbook1 by ,c4 ,b4 ,smith4 7,housing ,publications1 ,inc41 ,n4 ,y47 ,the ,householder's ,complete ,handbook1 by ,hawthorne ,daniel4 7,little1 ,brown ,co47 ,first ,aid to the ,ailing ,house1 by ,roger ,b4 ,whitman4 7,mc,graw-,hill1 ,n4 ,y47 ,the editor wishes to acknowledge the co-operation extended by the ,west ,coast ,lumbermen's ,association1 ,seattle2 the ,red ,river ,lumber ,co41 ,westwood1 ,calif42 and the ,california ,redwood ,association1 ,san ,francisco4 ,readers desiring additional data on cabin building may secure it by writing these organizations4 ,government ,bulletins ,for the amateur builder1 one of the best sources of concise1 authoritative information is the series of bulletins issued by the ,government ,printing ,office at ,washington for the ,department of ,agriculture4 ,they are called 8,farmers' ,bulletins0 because they are intended for use on farms1 but the material they contain is applicable to the cabin builder's needs1 since conditions on a farm and out in the woods1 as regards plumbing1 sanitation1 water supply1 etc41 are identical4 ,if you want copies of these pamphlets1 write to the ,superintendent of ,documents1 ,government ,printing ,office1 ,washington1 ,d4 ,c41 enclosing #e;c for each one4 ,sewage and ,sewerage of ,farm ,homes ,farmer's ,bulletin ,no4 #abbg ,farm ,plumbing 8 8 ,no4 #adbf ,farmstead ,water ,supply 8 8 ,no4 #addh ,painting on the ,farm 8 8 ,no4 #adeb ,protection of ,log ,cabins1 etc41 from 8 8 ,no4 #aehb ,injurious ,insects ,construction of ,chimneys and ,fireplaces 8 8 ,no4 #afdi ,the ,use of ,logs and ,poles in ,farm 8 8 ,no4 #affj ,construction ,transcriber's ,notes --,silently corrected a few typos4 --,retained publication information from the printed edition3 this e,book is public-domain in the country of publication4 --,in the text versions only1 text in italics is delimited by underscores4