,illustration3 ,,the ,,girl',s ,,own ,,paper ,,vol4 ,,viii4--,,no4 #cfd4 ,,december #ah1 #ahhf4 ,,price ,,one ,,penny4 ,,tinned ,,meats2 ,,their ,,value ,,to ,,housekeepers4 ,,by ,a4 ,g4 ,,payne1 ,author of 8,common-sense ,cookery10 8,choice ,dishes at ,small ,cost10 8,the ,housekeeper's ,guide10 c4 ,illustration3 ,,lobster ,,canning ,,in ,,canada4 ,all rights reserved4 ,tinned meats and provisions may be regarded from two distinct points of view4 ,the majority of persons1 especially in this country1 look upon them simply as a convenience to housekeepers1 but the subject should be regarded from a far higher point than one of mere convenience1 for by means of tinned provisions the whole food supply of the world is increased1 and thereby the happiness and enjoyment of mankind at large4 ,by means of tinned meats the superfluities of one country help the deficiencies of others4 ,owing to this useful invention1 no longer are sheep slaughtered for their wool and tallow only1 and the carcasses wasted1 but the whole is utilised4 ,it should be borne in mind that economy in the use of food is a duty clearly pointed out to us by the highest of all authority4 ,the age of miracles has passed1 but were it in our power to multiply our food miraculously1 we are taught that it would still be a duty to gather up the fragments that remain1 that nothing be lost4 ,at present ,i will confine myself to the consideration of tinned meats in relation to their value to housekeepers1 and ,i will illustrate my subject by supposing the following case1 which is by no means a rare one in ,england in the present day4 ,there are1 throughout the length and breadth of the land1 many hundreds of little quiet country villages which1 to a certain extent1 may be said to be isolated from civilised life4 ,there is the village inn1 alas6 generally more than one2 the village shop1 a few scattered houses and outlying farms4 ,but for all practical purposes the well-to-do inhabitants are dependent for their supplies on the carrier's cart1 which takes a journey into the neighbouring town1 some four or five miles distant4 ,the village shop generally supplies the inhabitants with bread2 probably they will kill a pig on ,thursday or ,friday1 and supply the usual dish of pork for ,sunday's dinner4 ,they also will usually be found to deal in cheap crockery1 needles and cotton1 sweetstuff1 candles1 pickles1 etc4 ,the only means of communication with the neighbouring town is1 as ,i have said1 the carrier's cart1 which generally takes a few passengers4 ,i have lately lived in a little village myself1 and have travelled by the same hooded conveyance backwards and forwards1 never without thinking of the lazy horse associated with ,david ,copperfield2 and1 indeed1 at times ,i have felt inclined to chalk up in the corner1 8,barkis is willin'40 ,the carrier usually takes his orders the night before1 starts at an early hour in the morning1 and returns in time to supply the dinner-table4 ,let us suppose that he has brought with him a shoulder of mutton1 and that1 instead of dining late1 as is our wont1 we1 on this particular day1 dine early4 ,shortly before our usual dinner hour1 we are suddenly alarmed by the astounding news1 8,oh1 mamma1 ,mr4 ,smith has arrived2 what are we to do80 ,hospitality is a duty1 and were ,i cynically inclined1 ,i would imagine ,mr4 ,smith to be a rich old bachelor uncle1 very fond of good living1 from whom we had great expectations2 but ,i would rather put this supposititious case4 ,suppose ,mr4 ,smith to be an old friend of our father who has seen better days1 in which he showed us many little acts of kindness4 ,under these circumstances he is1 of all men in the world1 the very last one to whom we should like to give the 8cold shoulder40 ,what is to be done8 ,we will suppose that our housekeeper1 or whoever acts as such1 has1 in anticipation of such contingencies1 laid in a little stock of tinned goods1 which are safely put by in the store closet4 ,having welcomed our guest1 and whispered a few words to the cook and those willing to assist her1 we will calmly sit down to our table1 take a sheet of paper1 and commence as follows3-- ,,menu4 ,ox ,tail ,soup4 ,salmon ,mayonnaise4 ,hashed ,mutton and ,pickled ,walnuts4 ,curried ,rabbit4 ,asparagus4 ,plum ,pudding4 ,brandy ,sauce4 ,jelly in glasses4 ,pine ,apple 7whole in syrup74 ,if the cook is smart1 the whole dinner could be served easily within an hour1 and should one or two of the girls in the house be willing to assist 7and who would not1 under such circumstances871 the dinner might be sent to table in considerably less time4 ,i can imagine some of my readers glancing over the bill of fare ,i have just written1 and saying to themselves1 8,what a lot of saucepans we shall want on the fire at the same time60 ,this1 however1 is not the case2 for ,i would remind you that one of the first points to learn in connection with the serving of tinned meats is that they should be warmed up in the tin before it is opened4 ,we can1 therefore1 perform the astonishing trick of making hot our ox-tail soup1 our curried rabbit1 our asparagus1 and our plum pudding in the same saucepan at the same time4 ,i must1 however1 commence at the beginning4 ,our store cupboard is supposed to contain the following provisions in tins3--,ox-tail soup1 preserved salmon1 mayonnaise sauce1 curried rabbit1 asparagus1 plum pudding1 pine apple in syrup1 as well as a bottle of jelly4 ,i may1 however1 mention1 with regard to the mayonnaise sauce1 that should you have a bottle of oil in the house and a couple of eggs1 it would be better to make some fresh sauce from the egg and oil direct4 ,our cupboard will also contain a bottle of pickled walnuts1 a bottle of capers1 a bottle of olives1 and a bottle of anchovies4 ,of course we commence dinner with the soup1 unless we happen to have in the house a ,brunswick sausage1 in which case a few thin slices of ,brunswick sausage may be placed in a plate with a few of the anchovies1 capers1 olives1 and a little pat of butter1 as there are many persons who like to commence dinner with what is known as a hors d'uvre1 and ,i do not know a better mixture than the one ,i have named4 ,but to return to the soup4 ,in my opinion1 of all provisions sold in tins at present1 the soups are the greatest failures4 ,this is very much to be regretted2 but there is a good old saying1 that we must always make the best of a bad job4 ,as a rule1 the thick soups are better than the clear1 and although ,i have mentioned ox-tail soup1 ,i will later on give a list of the soups from which you may take your choice4 ,fortunately1 all thick soups in tins can be very greatly improved by a very simple method4 ,make the thick soup hot in the tin1 take the tin out of the hot water1 open it1 and pour the contents into a saucepan4 ,of course1 if there are many persons to dinner1 it would be necessary to warm up two tins1 or even more4 ,i will now describe the contents of the tin4 ,the soup itself is not exactly thick1 nor is it exactly clear4 ,the bones of the tail1 instead of being surrounded by the meat1 are quite bare1 and it looks as if the bone and the meat had had a quarrel1 and they had mutually agreed never to speak to one another again1 while the bone itself recalls a game known as 8knuckle-bones40 ,to every pint of soup in the saucepan add as follows3 a brimming dessertspoonful of brown thickening1 or what ,french cooks know as brown roux4 ,this brown roux looks like light-coloured chocolate4 ,it keeps good for months1 is very cheap1 very useful1 and ,i will describe how to make it by-and-by4 ,add1 also1 a brimming teaspoonful of extract of meat and half a glass of sherry4 ,the effect of adding the brown roux is that when the roux is crumbled into the soup and gently stirred over the fire till it boils1 it makes the soup thicker than it was before4 ,it also makes it darker in colour1 richer in flavour1 and makes the divorce between the meat and the bone less conspicuous4 ,the extract of meat also greatly adds to its nutritious properties1 and gives additional colour4 ,the sherry gives it flavour4 ,were ,i going to take the soup myself1 ,i should also add a little cayenne pepper and lemon-juice1 but we must be very cautious how we use cayenne1 unless we know the taste of our guests4 ,we will next consider the salmon mayonnaise4 ,as this is all cold1 we should naturally see to the hot things first1 and we will1 therefore1 suppose that the ox-tail soup1 the curried rabbit1 the asparagus1 and the plum pudding are all getting hot in the saucepan4 ,first open the tin of salmon4 ,turn the contents entirely out4 ,if there is any liquid1 throw it away1 and1 as far as possible1 absorb all the moisture of the salmon in a dry cloth before placing it in a dish4 ,make the surface1 as far as possible1 oval1 and raised in the middle1 and then pour the sauce with a spoon gently over the top1 so that it looks like a custard pudding4 ,if the season of the year is suitable1 and we have some lettuces in our garden1 of course we should cut one or two lettuces1 and surround the salmon with the best part of the lettuce4 ,next to ornament the salad4 ,take a bottle of capers1 and with a spoon take out about a couple of dozen1 throw these into a cloth and dry them1 and place them at intervals on the sauce4 ,then take three or four anchovies out of the bottle1 cut them into strips1 remove the bone1 and place these little strips of anchovy round the base of the light pyramid of sauce like trellis work4 ,a dozen olives may be placed also round the base of the salad1 the stone being removed with a knife4 ,this is done by taking not too sharp a knife and cutting the olive sideways1 keeping the blade of the knife always in contact with the stone of the olive4 ,when the stone is removed the olive assumes its original shape1 of course with a hole in the middle where the stone has been4 ,now take a little piece of parsley and chop up enough1 say1 to cover a shilling or a little more4 ,place this on the tip of a knife and shake it gently over the mayonnaise sauce1 so that the little green specks of parsley fall naturally4 ,now take a bottle of cochineal1 supposing you have one--cochineal can be bought at sixpence a bottle1 and keeps good for months1 or even years--and drop a few drops in a plate or saucer2 take a little piece of dry bread and make about a saltspoonful of fine breadcrumbs4 ,throw these dry breadcrumbs into the saucer with the cochineal1 and shake them4 ,this will cause the breadcrumbs to turn red4 ,these can be shaken over the mayonnaise like the chopped parsley1 and we shall have a very bright-looking dish4 ,the green lettuce round the edge1 the raised surface of the salmon covered with the yellow mayonnaise sauce in the middle1 which is decorated round the base with the anchovies and olives1 and on the top the capers and the little green and red specks1 which contrast nicely with the yellow4 ,if you have no lettuce or salad of any kind to put round the base1 you can ornament the edge with hard-boiled eggs cut in quarters1 and a sprig of parsley between each piece4 ,our next dish is the hashed mutton and pickled walnuts4 ,this scarcely comes in the category of tinned meats4 ,the mutton we had for dinner was probably in a semi-cold and flabby state when our guest arrived4 ,were ,i going to make the hashed mutton1 ,i should commence by slicing up a couple of onions1 browning them in a frying-pan with a little butter1 then pouring in the remains of all the gravy that had been left from the joint1 cutting the mutton into slices1 and warming them up in this gravy1 taking care it does not boil2 and as the gravy would be rather poor1 as soon as the soup was got ready ,i should add two or three tablespoonfuls of the soup to the hashed mutton4 ,and let me remind you of another very great improvement4 ,add1 as well1 a dessertspoonful of ,harvey sauce1 after shaking the bottle4 ,you can toast a piece of bread a nice brown1 as you would not have time to fry any bread1 which is better4 ,cut the toast into round pieces1 and place them round the hash alternately with the pickled walnuts cut in half4 ,do not send the hashed mutton to table in a great1 big dish1 large enough to hold a round of beef1 but serve it in a deep dish--a vegetable dish1 for instance4 ,by this means it keeps hot longer1 and looks more appetising4 ,our next dish is the curried rabbit4 ,first class curry can be obtained in tins4 ,remember that tinned meats are like everything else in the world--some are good1 and some are bad4 ,if you wish for a bottle of really good wine1 you must go to a first class wine merchant2 and if you wish your tinned provisions good1 you must get them from first class people1 or see that some well-known name is on the label4 ,unfortunately1 this country has been flooded1 from time to time1 with worthless imitations1 introduced by unknown men who have no name to lose4 ,the curry1 having been made hot in the tin1 should be turned out in a deep dish2 and here again ,i would recommend a vegetable dish4 ,boiled rice should be served with it in a separate dish1 and the rice should be handed before the curry4 ,if you have any chutney in the house1 the chutney should be served with the curry1 like they do on board the ,p4 ,o4 boats1 which are so famed for their oriental curry cooks4 ,when the curry has been turned out into the dish1 you might add a few fresh bayleaves and serve them up in the curry whole1 and if you feel anxious to have the dish ornamental you can proceed as follows1 and1 should your guest be an 8old ,indian10 he will probably appreciate the addition3--,take some red chilis and bend each chili in the middle1 so as to make it look like one of the small claws of a lobster1 and place these red chilies round the edge of the dish in a triangular shape1 exactly as if you were placing the small claws of a lobster around a lobster salad mayonnaise4 ,the asparagus should be served as a course by itself4 ,when the tin is sufficiently hot1 which it will be a few minutes after the water has boiled1 take it out and open it1 pour off the liquid1 and serve the asparagus on a piece of toast4 ,a little butter sauce should be handed round with it4 ,butter sauce is best made by simply thickening1 say1 half a pint of water 7not milk7 with a little butter and flour mixed together4 ,when the water is sufficiently thick1 add some more butter to the hot1 thickened water till it becomes rich and oily4 ,as soon as you have handed round the butter sauce with the asparagus1 take the tureen down-stairs1 and let the cook put back the butter sauce in the saucepan for a minute1 and add a tablespoonful of moist sugar1 a tablespoonful of rum1 and two tablespoonfuls of brandy4 ,by this means we avoid waste1 and make the same sauce do twice4 ,if you don't approve of spirits being used in the kitchen 7,i don't approve of it myself71 add a little sherry1 and rub a few lumps of sugar on the outside of a lemon1 and also two drops of essence of almonds4 7,you can1 indeed1 leave out the sherry1 and still have a good sauce47 ,the plum pudding will be hot through after the water has boiled for over half an hour4 ,open the tin1 take out the pudding1 and serve with a little sauce poured over it1 and the rest in a tureen4 ,the jelly should be served in glasses1 for the simple reason that there is no time to melt the jelly4 ,open the bottle1 and rake out sufficient jelly with a bent skewer to fill the glasses4 ,the pineapple1 whole1 in addition to the usual stock of almonds and raisins1 figs1 biscuits1 c41 makes a first-class dessert4 ,it is perhaps needless to add that as a rule all these dishes are not necessary for one dinner2 but ,i wish to show what can be done in order to avoid giving your friends the 8cold shoulder40 7,to be continued47 ,,the ,,shepherd',s ,,fairy4 ,a ,,pastorale4 ,,by ,,darley ,,dale1 ,author of 8,fair ,katherine10 etc4 ,,chapter ,,xi4 ,,the ,,white ,,ram4 ,the secret of ,fairy's parentage died with ,dame ,hursey1 and for the next two or three years she lived quietly on with the ,shelleys1 nothing more remarkable than the finding of some rare bird1 or an occasional tiff with ,jack1 the ,lewes carnival on the fifth of ,november1 and the sheep washing and shearing every ,june1 occurring to vary the monotony of her happy life4 ,she was naturally a bright1 happy little creature1 not much given to thinking1 and if she sometimes wondered who she was and where she came from1 she never allowed the matter to distress her2 she had the ,shelleys1 and they all worshipped her1 and if she wanted other friends she was always welcome at the ,rectory1 where she still continued to go every day for her lessons4 ,as to the future1 it is doubtful if she ever gave it a thought2 she lived as all children do1 for the present1 at least1 as far as this world is concerned1 though neither she nor any one else could have been brought up by good ,john ,shelley without learning that life here is but a preparation for the life to come4 ,ignorant as the shepherd was in many things1 he was by no means ignorant in things spiritual1 and his knowledge of the ,bible1 large portions of which he knew by heart1 would have put many an educated man and woman to shame4 ,it was a favourite amusement of ,fairy's and the boys on long ,sunday winter evenings1 when there was no service at church1 and after ,john had read the evening service to them1 as he invariably did1 to start him off in some chapter and see how long he would go on without stopping1 saying it by rote4 ,he always carried a small ,bible in his pocket1 and during his long days with the sheep1 he had plenty of opportunities of studying it2 and he studied it to some purpose1 for he was a fine character4 ,faults he may have had1 but you might have known him a long time before you discovered them4 ,mrs4 ,shelley1 who had better opportunities of judging than anyone else1 would have said he liked his own way too much2 and that1 for such a wise man as he was1 it was surprising how easily he allowed a little thing like ,fairy1 whom he always had spoilt1 to get over him2 but it is doubtful whether in her heart of hearts she considered either of these faults4 ,if he had any pride in his composition it was entirely professional1 and when one ,may evening1 sixteen years after ,fairy first was brought to ,lewes1 he announced to his family that he had been elected captain of the ,lewes shearing company1 his face certainly glowed with an honest pride1 for he had then obtained the highest honour which could be conferred on a shepherd1 and realised his fondest dreams of earthly happiness4 ,in those days it was the custom for shearers to form themselves into companies1 called after the district in which they lived1 and to go round to the various farms in the district in the shearing season1 which begins in the middle of ,june1 shearing the different flocks4 ,the shearers in those days were generally shepherds1 and each band had a lieutenant and a captain1 the former distinguished by a silver band round his cap and a badge1 the latter by a gold band and badge to match4 ,they were chosen according to their proficiency in shearing1 and for the good character they bore4 ,john ,shelley had been a lieutenant for some years1 but he was now elected captain1 owing to the death of the captain of the ,lewes band1 an old man over seventy2 and with this honour some new duties devolved upon him1 for at the captain's house was held the shearing feast1 called the ,white ,ram4 ,this feast lasted throughout the shearing week1 and consisted of a supper after the day's work was over2 first1 a good1 substantial meal1 in which the ,sussex dish of beefsteak pudding1 the crust made of flour and water1 played an important part1 and then ending with cakes and ale1 during the consumption of which shearing songs were sung and many pipes were smoked till late in the long summer evening1 when the men dispersed--sometimes not before midnight--to their various homes4 ,these bands are now a thing of the past1 though the shearing is still done by men who go round for the purpose1 but no lambs are shorn nowadays1 so the work is very much lessened4 8,there is plenty of work for you1 ,polly2 you'll have to get someone in to help you2 we shall have to have the ,white ,ram here for the future10 said ,john4 8,oh1 what fun60 exclaimed ,fairy2 8now ,i shall see it all1 and hear the shearing songs4 ,mother1 you must let me help2 ,john says no one can make plum heavies1 not even you1 mother1 like me3 can they1 ,john80 8,no1 but ,i am thinking those little white fingers of yours are not fit for that sort of work1 my pretty one10 said ,john4 8,stuff6 white fingers can work as well as red ones--better1 ,i daresay1 if the truth were known4 ,and may ,i help to wait on you80 asked ,fairy4 8,no1 certainly not10 growled ,jack2 8you listen outside to the shearing songs with me1 but you are not going inside to wait on a lot of rough men1 who will1 perhaps1 take more beer than they ought40 8,no1 ,jack2 ,i'll have none of that2 it shall never be said that ,john ,shelley's ,white ,ram is disgraced by drunkenness4 ,but you must come to the feast1 even if ,fairy does not1 for you must go round shearing this year2 it is time you began1 if1 as ,i hope1 one of these days you are to take my place of captain40 8,there's an honour for you1 ,captain ,jack4 ,don't you wish you may ever get it80 laughed ,fairy4 ,but ,jack neither laughed nor wished for the honour2 hitherto he had always managed to escape going round with the shearers1 but this year he saw he must go1 since he had not the heart to throw a shadow over his father's innocent joy by refusing2 so he said with the best grace he could1 8,very well1 father1 ,i'll go shearing1 but ,fairy can't be left out in the cold1 ,i shall have to stay with her during the supper40 8,no1 you need not1 we will take it by turns2 ,i can stop with ,fairy sometimes10 said ,charlie1 a remark by no means calculated to soothe ,jack1 whose love and jealousy had grown greatly in the last few years2 but ,mrs4 ,shelley wisely stopped the discussion by remarking that there was plenty of time to settle the details1 as the sheep-washing was not begun yet4 8,it begins to-morrow though2 ,jack and ,i are off with half our flock at daybreak to-morrow4 ,charlie1 you must follow the rest for a day or two2 ,i must have ,jack with me to-morrow10 said the shepherd4 8,and ,i shall come too4 ,if mother can't take me1 ,i shall get the ,leslies to come4 ,i always go to see our sheep washed every year10 said ,fairy4 ,accordingly1 early next morning the shepherd and his son were up at dawn1 driving their sheep to the brook in which the sheep-washing took place4 ,for some days previously1 preparations had been made for this washing1 which lasts two or three weeks1 as all the sheep for miles round are brought to this spot4 ,these preparations consisted of pens made of hurdles by the side of the river for the sheep2 in the stream itself1 opposite to each other1 were erected two rough pulpits or deal boxes1 in which stand the sheep-washers4 ,when ,jack and his father arrived1 it was so early that no one was there1 not even the washers2 but at ten o'clock1 when ,mrs4 ,shelley and ,fairy went1 the scene was a most lively one4 ,hundreds of sheep were in the pens1 some white and clean1 their agonies over2 others still dirty1 with their tortures to come4 ,on the neighbouring bridge stood or leant every child in the village1 thoroughly enjoying the sight4 ,on the roadside were some stragglers of all grades1 watching the performance1 one or two farmers on horseback who had a lively interest in the washing of their flocks1 and on the banks several shepherds1 among them ,jack and his father1 all armed with large1 toothless wooden rakes1 with which they push the sheep about1 holding them under water when necessary1 and steering them from pulpit to pulpit4 ,what with the laughter and screams of delight from the children1 the shouts of the shepherds1 and the coughing of the sheep and jingling of their bells1 the scene is a very noisy one2 but1 noisy as it is1 ,fairy thoroughly enjoys it1 and declares she must stay till the last of ,john's red-ringed flock are finished4 ,it is such fun to see the poor sheep tumbled into the water and then rolled over on its back and rubbed from head to foot in the bright1 clear stream1 first by one washer in his pulpit1 and then1 after sundry pushes and thumps from the toothless rakes1 to be seized by the other washer and subjected to another vigorous rubbing and scrubbing1 and splashing and dashing1 and finally to be pushed off to scramble or swim as best it might out of the river4 ,poor1 patient sheep6 ,they take their sufferings in very good part1 and submit meekly enough to the inevitable ordeal1 basing a protest as feeble as it is useless1 the older and wiser ones knowing that this washing is but a preliminary to the still more disagreeable ceremony of shearing to be performed a fortnight hence1 as soon as the wool is dry4 ,and ,fairy1 fascinated by the picturesque scene1 could not be persuaded to move when ,mrs4 ,shelley was forced to go home to prepare some dinner--a useless labour1 ,fairy declared1 since there would be no one to eat it1 for ,charlie had taken his with him1 and ,john and ,jack were too busy to stop for dinner1 and she herself was not hungry1 and had no intention of going home till all ,john's sheep were washed4 ,but ,mrs4 ,shelley had no idea of leaving a pretty young girl like ,fairy alone among a crowd of people1 so she proposed they should both go home and fetch some dinner and share it out in the field with ,john and ,jack1 a proposal ,fairy jumped at2 and an hour later the four were sitting on a bank under a hedge of blackthorn1 with a carpet of buttercups and daisies at their feet1 eating their simple meal as happy as it was possible for four people to be4 ,and then1 while the shepherd smoked his pipe1 ,jack gave ,fairy a lesson in the notes of the different birds which were singing around them1 and ,mrs4 ,shelley listened with pride to her eldest and darling son1 and wondered whether ,fairy would ever care for him in the way he evidently cared for her1 and thought what a handsome couple they would make4 8,oh1 ,jack1 how clever you are2 you know everything2 but there1 ,i do know one thing--,i am right this time at least--there is a skylark singing up over our heads4 ,look10 cried ,fairy1 who had been making various wrong guesses at the names of the different songsters around them4 8,poor little ,fairy6 you are wrong again2 it is a woodlark2 the skylark mounts up straight in a succession of springs1 and then hovers1 singing2 the woodlark flies round and round in circles1 singing all the while1 as this bird is doing10 said ,jack4 8,oh1 ,i give it up2 ,i know nothing2 but as long as ,i have you to tell me1 what does it matter8 ,i shall go and look for a wheatear's nest in that fence10 said ,fairy1 rising and shaking back her long golden hair1 which she still wore down her back1 and which added greatly to her childish appearance4 8,my pretty one1 wheatears don't build in fences10 cried ,john ,shelley1 as she ran lightly past him4 8,she is doing it on purpose2 she knows as well as you and ,i wheatears build in rabbit-holes or chalk-pits2 she only wants me to scold her10 said ,jack4 8,it is time we were at work again1 ,jack1 or we shan't get our eight hundred washed to-day10 said ,john1 who saw ,jack showed signs of going after ,fairy1 and wisely thought he would not see him back in a hurry if he once let him go4 ,so the sheep-washing began again1 and ,mrs4 ,shelley1 who had brought some work with her1 promised ,fairy to remain till tea-time1 on condition that she then accompanied her home4 8,i do enjoy it so1 mother10 said ,fairy2 8it would be wicked to spend such a bright warm sunny day as this shut up in a house2 it is so delicious out in this field4 ,i wonder how much they pay those washers2 it must be dreadfully hard work2 they ought to pay them well40 8,they give them half-a-crown for every hundred sheep1 and they can wash a thousand sheep a day1 but these men won't do more than finish ,john's eight hundred to-day40 8,that leaves nearly eight hundred more for to-morrow4 ,oh6 do let us come and have another day like this4 ,will you1 mother80 pleaded ,fairy4 ,mrs4 ,shelley looked at the fair little face1 with its great brown eyes1 its dainty pink and white complexion1 and the long wavy hair which veiled the slight girlish figure1 and smiled and sighed--the smile was for ,fairy1 and the sigh for ,jack--as she promised to do so if the weather were fine4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,sheep-,,washing4 ,and so it came to pass that that sheep-washing was long remembered by ,jack as two of the happiest days in his life1 though1 alas6 they came to an end1 as all days1 however happy1 must only too soon2 and then came a fortnight of preparation for the great event of the shepherds' year--the sheep-shearing and the ,feast of the ,white ,ram4 ,jack had not much to do with the preparations1 for he was upon the downs with his washed flock1 but little else was talked of when he came home in the evening1 and it was a very busy time for ,mrs4 ,shelley1 who had to provide supper for twelve men for five nights1 the shearing beginning on the ,tuesday1 and ending on the ,saturday1 when the money earned was divided among the company4 ,it had been a source of much anxiety to ,mrs4 ,shelley to know where the supper was to be held4 ,to have these twelve men in the kitchen in which she had to cook it all would be very inconvenient1 and she was by no means inclined to lend the little sitting-room1 which ,fairy had made so pretty1 for the purpose2 but at last ,jack suggested borrowing a tent and pitching it in the field near the house1 a plan which was at once adopted4 ,the shearing itself took place outside a barn belonging to the farmer who owned the sheep about to be shorn1 and the company went round to the principal farmers in the neighbourhood1 taking one each day of the shearing week4 ,how ,jack hated this business of shearing6 ,he would have given anything to have got out of it1 if he could only have done so without vexing his father2 but as this was impossible1 he was obliged to go on with it with the best grace he could1 but he was in an irritable mood all the week4 ,the work brought him into contact with other shepherds1 with none of whom had he anything in common1 and made him realise his lowly position1 which in his lonely life on the downs1 lost in his studies1 he was apt to forget4 ,he would long ago have given up his shepherd's calling and gone to ,london to seek more congenial work1 if it had not been for ,fairy2 she was the magnet which held him in her vicinity1 but he was daily becoming aware that if any of his dreams were to be realised1 he must go away at once1 though the time he spent on the downs was by no means wasted1 since he was educating himself to the best of his ability4 ,his idea was to try and get an appointment as usher in a school1 for which in those days he was fully qualified4 ,in teaching others he would learn himself2 he would have access to books of all kinds1 and he would be able in his leisure hours to pursue his favourite study of natural history4 ,he had confided this plan to ,mr4 ,leslie1 who had promised to look out for him1 and when an opening occurred to give him a testimonial4 ,another reason which had kept ,jack at home hitherto was that ,charlie was barely old enough to take his place1 but during this last sheep-washing ,charlie had had the care of half the flock1 and had shown himself quite up to his work1 which1 in the summer1 at any rate1 was just the lazy1 dreamy kind of life to suit an indolent nature like his1 and ,jack saw he need no longer delay his departure because there was no one to take his place4 ,on the contrary1 it would solve a difficulty1 for it had hitherto been rather a puzzle to know what to do with ,charlie since ,john ,shelley only required one under-shepherd1 and he did not seem to have any inclination for any other kind of work4 ,accordingly1 all through the ,white ,ram ,jack was making up his mind to tear himself away from ,fairy1 in the hope of eventually winning for himself a position he could ask her to share1 and the thought of the coming separation did not tend to make him happier4 ,every morning he started with the rest of the ,lewes company of shearers1 with his father at their head1 for some farm1 where they spent their day in shearing the sheep1 pausing about twelve and again about two o'clock to 8light up10 that is to sharpen their shears1 eat cakes1 and drink beer1 the meal of the day being supper when they got back after their labours were over4 7,to be continued47 ,,every ,,girl ,a ,,business ,,woman4 ,a ,,practical ,,guide ,,to ,,the ,,world ,,of ,,industry ,,and ,,thrift4 ,,by ,,james ,,mason4 ,,part ,,iii4 ,we are going now to speak about money3 not1 however1 about how to get it1 but about what to do with it after it is got4 ,about the occupations by which money is made1 we shall not at present say anything4 ,many of them have already been treated of in ,,the ,,girl',s ,,own ,,paper4 ,when people have money there are three things they can do with it2 they can spend it1 or place it out at interest1 or tie it up in a parcel and hide it away4 ,perhaps they do not need at the moment to spend it2 in that case of the two ways that are left the only wise one is to place it out at interest4 ,and what is interest8 ,interest is the sum paid by anyone who gets the loan of money1 for the use of it4 ,selina1 say1 gets the loan of #ej for a year--not for nothing--oh1 no1 she pays #b for the twelve months4 ,this #b is the interest4 ,at the end of the year the lender receives back her #ej and #b added to it1 so1 you see1 it is for a good reason that we recommend lending in preference to unfruitful hoarding4 ,money--and this is a wise rule--should never be allowed to lie idle4 ,the sum lent is known as the principal1 and on the principal the interest is calculated at so much per cent4 7by the hundred72 that is to say1 at so much for every #ajj4 ,for instance1 #e per cent4 means #e for the use of every #ajj2 #b per cent41 #b #ajs4 for the use of every #ajj2 and #c per cent41 #c #aes4 for the use of every #ajj4 ,selina's loan1 in the preceding paragraph1 is at #d per cent41 in other words1 #d for #ajj2 so1 of course1 for #ej she just pays #b4 ,when you see a rate of interest quoted you may safely conclude that it is for a year--per annum 7by the year71 is the correct phrase--unless something is said to the contrary4 ,the rate paid in the shape of interest depends on a number of things1 but the main question is1 will the principal be perfectly safe8 ,if the answer be yes1 then the interest in these days will certainly be low4 ,but on this subject we shall have more to say in a succeeding article4 ,to calculate interest on any sum for a year1 the rule is to multiply by the rate per cent4 and divide by #ajj4 ,for example1 find the interest on #dfj at #d per cent4 ,here you multiply #dfj by #d1 which gives #b1jgj1 and dividing by #ajj1 arrive at the answer1 #bj #ads4 ,when the interest is wanted for a certain number of days1 you must multiply by the number of days and by double the rate per cent41 and divide by #gc1jjj4 ,by way of example1 find the interest on #cbj for #cj days at #c per cent4 ,multiply #cbj1 first by #cj and afterwards by #f1 which gives #eg1fjj4 ,now divide by #gc1jjj1 and you have the total amount of interest1 #aes4 #i;d4 ,people who have much calculating of interest to do should invest in a book of ,commercial ,tables4 ,the use of these saves a great deal of trouble4 ,there are some short cuts1 however1 which every business woman should carry in her head4 ,at #e per cent4 per annum the interest upon a pound for every month is one penny4 ,having seen what this comes to1 other rates may be reckoned by adding to or deducting from the #e per cent4 product4 ,for example1 #b per cent4 is one-half2 #c per cent4 is six-tenths2 #c per cent4 is seven-tenths2 #d per cent4 is four-fifths2 #f per cent4 is six-fifths2 #g per cent4 is one-half more4 ,thus1 #e per cent4 on #cj for ten months will be #a #es42 #b per cent41 #abs4 #f;d42 #c per cent41 #aes42 #c per cent41 #ags4 #f;d42 #d per cent41 #a2 #f per cent41 #a #ajs42 and #g per cent41 #a #ags4 #f;d4 ,sometimes1 on interest becoming due1 it is regularly added to the principal1 and interest is paid on the new principal thus formed4 ,money invested on this accumulating system is said to be placed at compound interest4 ,there is something startling about the growth of money invested in this way4 8,a penny10 says ,dr4 ,price1 8so improved from our ,saviour's birth as to double itself every fourteen years--or1 what is nearly the same1 put out at five per cent4 compound interest at our ,saviour's birth--would by this time have increased to more money than could be contained in #aej millions of globes1 each equal to the earth in magnitude1 and all solid gold4 8,a shilling put out at six per cent4 compound interest would1 in the same time1 have increased to a greater sum in gold than the whole solar system could contain1 supposing it a sphere equal in diameter to the diameter of ,saturn's orbit2 and the earth is to such a sphere as half a square foot or a quarto page is to the whole surface of the earth40 ,to show the difference between 8simple interest10 in which the interest does not bear interest1 and 8compound interest10 in which it does1 we give the following table1 showing the time it takes for a sum to double itself at different rates3-- ---------------------------------------- ----------- ,time in which a sum will double itself4 ,rate per ---------------------------------------- - cent4 ,simple ,interest4 ,compound ,interest4 ---------------------------------------- ---------- #b #ej years #ce years #a day #b #dj years #bh years #bf days #c #cc years #d months #bc years #afd days #c #bh years #bjh days #bj years #ed days #d #be years #ag years #bdf days #d #bb years #ha days #ae years #bgc days #e #bj years #ad years #ge days #f #af years #h months #aa years #cbg days #g #ad years #ajd days #aj years #hi days #h #ab years #i years #b days #i #aa years #dj days #h years #af days #aj #aj years #g years #ajj days ---------------------------------------- ---------- ,the really surprising difference between simple and compound interest is1 however1 only seen after the first few years are over4 ,a loan of #ajj for ten years at #d per cent4 simple interest would give #dj1 and at #d per cent4 compound interest about #dg4 ,but if the loan were for a hundred years the simple interest would be only #djj1 whilst the compound interest would be no less than #d1iej4 ,having now said all that is necessary at present about interest1 we must speak for a little on the subject of banking1 for it is by means of banks that most money transactions are satisfactorily managed4 ,what1 then1 is a bank8 ,there seems1 at first sight1 something mysterious about it1 but it is really a simple institution4 ,it is partly a shop and partly a left-luggage office4 ,it is a shop for dealing in cheques1 bills1 notes1 gold1 and silver1 and a left-luggage office to which we consign our spare cash to lie till called for4 ,this1 however1 is only a rough and ready way of putting it1 and we may as well add the following extract from a writer who has taken pains to give an exact definition3--8,a banker is the custodier of the money of other people4 ,such is his business1 viewed in its simplest aspect4 ,a banker1 however1 if he hoarded the money deposited with him1 would be simply a cash-keeper to the public2 his bank would be literally a bank of deposit4444 ,but the business of receiving money on deposit has always been1 and is now1 universally combined with that of lending it out4 ,a banker does not hoard all the money deposited with him--he gives the greater portion out in loan4 ,the lending of money is as much a part of his business as the receiving of deposits40 ,you cannot go into a banker's and say1 8,i have come to open an account10 just as you would enter a grocer's with1 8,be so good as send me half a dozen tins of the best sardines40 ,you must be introduced by someone who can vouch for your respectability1 or1 if not introduced1 you must be able yourself to satisfy the banker that you are likely to be a desirable customer4 ,this first step being taken1 you open what is called a current or drawing account2 that is to say1 an account into which you can pay money whenever it suits you1 and from which you can draw money at any time by means of orders1 or cheques1 as they are called4 ,in a current account in a good bank money is kept safely--which is a great matter--and at the same time you can make use of it as readily as if it were lying in your pocket4 ,for convenience1 and partly1 too1 as a protection against fraud1 bankers are in the habit of supplying their customers with books containing forms of cheques4 ,when a book of cheques is exhausted1 a new one is supplied on the presentation of a form which1 when filled up1 may resemble the following3-- ,,the ,,cashier1 ,,the ,,cosmopolitan ,,bank4 ,,london1 #bith ,november1 #ahhf4 ,please deliver to ,bearer ,cheque ,book containing #be cheques payable to ,,jemima ,,bouncer4 ,each cheque bears a penny impressed stamp1 and a book of cheques is supplied at the price of the stamps--a book1 say1 of twenty-five costing two shillings and a penny4 ,cheques may be in one or other of two forms4 ,the first form is-- ,no4 #dghiec4 ,,london444444444444#ahh444 ,,the ,,cosmopolitan ,,bank1 #ad1 ,marketjew-street1 ,e4,c4 ,pay444444444444444444or ,bearer444444444444444444 444444444444444 ,the other form is precisely the same1 except that instead of the word 8,bearer0 it has the word 8,order40 ,as an example of a cheque with the particulars filled in1 take the following3-- ,no4 #ecfbab4 ,,london1 #aith ,november1 #ahhf4 ,,the ,,cosmopolitan ,,bank1 #ad1 ,marketjew-street1 ,e4,c4 ,pay ,miss ,georgina ,makepeace or ,bearer ,nine pounds ,thirteen shillings and ,four pence4 #i3 #ac3 #d4 ,,alice ,m4 ,,littleproud4 ,the difference between cheques made out to 8,bearer0 and those made out to 8,order0 is this4 ,cheques payable to bearer can be cashed by anyone4 ,those payable to order1 however1 must be endorsed by the person in whose favour they are drawn before the money can be received4 ,but what is to endorse a cheque8 ,it is simply to write your name on the back of it4 ,cheques payable to order are certainly safer than those payable to bearer4 ,and they have another advantage4 ,in the event of receipts being lost or mislaid1 they supply evidence that the money was received by the person to whom it was owing4 ,a cheque payable to bearer can be made payable to order by drawing the pen through 8,bearer10 and writing 8,order0 above it4 ,a cheque payable to order can also be made payable to bearer by scratching out 8,order0 and putting 8,bearer0 above it2 but in this case you must put your initials to the alteration4 ,to give extra security to a cheque1 draw two parallel lines across the face of it with the words 8---- ,co40 inserted between them4 ,this makes it what is called a 8crossed cheque10 which will only be paid through some banker to a known customer4 ,instead of 8---- ,co40 you may write the name of the banker of the person to whom the cheque is payable4 ,when this is done1 the cheque is only payable through him4 ,if in crossing the cheque you add the words 8,not negociable10 that is another safeguard4 ,these words 8warn all whom it may concern that they accept the cheque subject to the liability of being compelled to refund its value should it prove to have come improperly into the possession of any person from whom their own title is derived40 ,this makes a cheque as secure against the wiles of the dishonest as anything in this world can be4 ,the filling up of a cheque should be done very carefully1 and the style of signature should be always the same4 ,the figures in the body of a cheque must be in words1 and should be written close together1 so that there is no room left for the fraudulent to improve on the amount4 ,cases have frequently occurred of 8ty0 being added to six1 seven1 and nine1 to make them read sixty1 seventy1 and ninety1 and a 8y0 being given as a tail to eight1 to multiply eight by ten1 is quite a common trick4 ,as a protection1 the words 8,under ten pounds0 are sometimes written upon a cheque that lends itself to this sort of roguery4 ,suppose a cheque is given by a person who has not money enough in the bank to meet it1 the banker will most likely return it1 with the words written on it1 8,no effects10 or 8,refer to ,drawer40 ,the cheque is then said to be dishonoured4 ,cheques should always be cashed--that is to say1 payment of them should be got--as soon as possible after they have come to hand4 ,it is never safe to delay1 for the most unlikely things happen2 the bank may fail1 or the drawer may become bankrupt1 or his account may become locked up through his death4 ,a memorandum should be preserved of every cheque you give away4 ,this is provided for by the cheque-books furnished by the banks having a margin which is left when the cheque is torn out4 ,this margin1 separated from the cheque by a perforated line1 is known as the counterfoil4 ,the counterfoil bears the same number as the cheque to which it is attached4 ,here is an example of one filled up3 ,no4 #bac1eea #agth ,november1 #ahhf4 ,,dr4 ,,simon ,,burre4 ,medical ,attendance4 #g4g4j ,on the back of each counterfoil some people are in the habit of writing the balance they have at the moment in the bank4 ,this has some advantages1 and is certainly a check to extravagance4 ,though cheques are usually made out on engraved forms1 you may write a cheque on a sheet of note-paper should a cheque-book not be at hand4 ,in that case1 remember to put a penny stamp on it1 and to cancel the stamp by writing on it the date and your initials4 ,keep your cheque-book always under lock and key4 ,if you leave it about1 it only puts temptation in the way of people to abstract a blank form and make free with your signature4 ,should your book ever be lost or stolen1 give notice at once to the bank4 ,lodging money is one of the easiest of business operations4 ,you go to the bank1 and fill up a slip1 headed1 say-- ,,the ,,cosmopolitan ,,bank1 #ad1 ,marketjew-street4 444444444444#ah444 ,,credit444444444444444444444444444 ,paid in by444444444444444444444 ,below this heading you enter the particulars of the sum you are going to lodge3--,bank-notes1 so much2 coin1 so much2 cheques and bills 7mentioned separately71 so much2 total1 so much4 ,you hand this slip over to the teller with the money1 and the whole thing is done4 ,no receipt is given1 and it says a great deal for the perfect machinery by which banking is conducted that one never hears of a mistake1 or that any customer ever thought his confidence taken advantage of4 ,we speak here of the method in the best ,london banks4 ,in the provinces and in some ,london establishments the form of procedure varies a little4 ,when you send money to your banker by post1 you should write with it somewhat as follows3-- ,brackenhurst1 #bdth ,november1 #ahhf4 ,dear ,sir1 ,i enclose cheque for #cd #ab_/--,messrs4 ,bagwell and ,sackit on the ,welsh ,counties ,bank--which kindly place to my credit4 ,i remain1 ,dear ,sir1 ,yours truly1 ,,silvaninha ,,hamilton4 ,the ,manager1 ,,the ,,cosmopolitan ,,bank4 ,receipt of this will be acknowledged by the manager1 thus3-- ,dear ,madam1 ,i beg to acknowledge receipt of your favour of #bdth inst41 with enclosure1 value #cd #ab_/1 for your credit4 ,yours1 etc41 ,,jacob ,,birchenough1 ,manager4 ,to every person keeping an account the bank supplies a book1 generally known as a pass-book4 ,on the ,dr4 or left-hand side of this book1 will appear the sums received on behalf of the owner of the book2 whilst all the cheques paid on her account by the bank will appear on the ,cr4 or right-hand side4 ,here is an example in which1 for convenience1 we have printed the ,cr4 side under the ,dr41 instead of side by side3 ,,the ,,cosmopolitan ,,bank4 in ,account with ,,miss ,,esmeralda ,,beatrice ,,bones4 ,dr4 #ahhf ,sept4 #f ,to ,cash #fj #j #j #ac 0 ,draft #ad #g #f #bc 0 do4 #d #a #h #bi 0 ,bill #ag #ah #j ,oct4 #b 0 ,notes #ae #j #j #ahhf ,cr4 ,sept4 #i ,by ,twentyman #c #e #j #ae 0 ,self #aj #j #j #be 0 ,jones #e #a #c ,oct4 #f 0 ,williamson #d #i #h #ab 0 ,thomson #bg #b #e ,in this book you must never make an entry yourself4 ,it should be left at regular intervals at the bank to be 8made-up10 that is to say1 for all the sums received and paid to be entered in it4 ,the pass-book is really a copy of the bank ledger4 ,when received again from the bank it should be gone over carefully to see that all the entries are just as they should be4 ,current accounts1 as a general rule in ,england1 do not bear any interest1 in other words1 the banker pays nothing for the use he enjoys of any balance left in his hands4 ,unless the balance is large he thinks he does enough in taking the trouble of keeping the account4 ,in ,scotland interest is usually given on current accounts1 but it is only a slight advance upon nothing4 ,besides receiving money on current account1 however1 bankers receive it on deposit4 ,deposit accounts are those in which sums of money are lodged in a bank on the understanding that a certain rate of interest is to be paid upon them1 and that a certain number of days' notice is to be given before they are withdrawn4 ,there is no such thing as drawing cheques on a deposit account4 ,when money is received on deposit1 a deposit receipt is given4 ,the amount is usually repayable to the depositor alone1 but it may also be paid to anyone to whom the depositor gives an order on the bank1 either written on the back of the deposit receipt or accompanying it4 ,the rate of interest paid on deposits varies with the ,bank of ,england rate4 ,it is1 however1 usually so small that no one1 except for special reasons1 will let money lie on deposit in a bank whilst there are plenty of perfectly safe investments to be met with outside4 ,for business women who travel few business documents are of greater interest than a letter of credit4 ,this is a communication from a banker to a correspondent1 or correspondents1 authorising credit to be given to the bearer to a certain specified amount4 ,in applying for a letter of credit you must name to your banker the sum you will require altogether1 and the number of towns in which you wish to draw portions of that sum1 and if there are1 say1 three towns--,paris1 ,berlin and ,rome--you must enclose your signature on three separate sheets of paper4 ,the banker sends one of these slips to an agent in each of the towns named1 and forwards to you a letter of credit in this form3-- ,messrs4 ,,ancelot ,,santine ,paris4 0 ,,otto1 ,,rust ,,umlauf ,berlin4 0 ,,trento1 ,,bertoni1 ,,valentino ,rome4 ,,london1 #bgth ,november1 #ahhf4 ,gentlemen1 ,we have the pleasure of establishing a credit in favour of ,miss ,robina ,turpin1 who will present to you this letter1 and we shall thank you to supply her with cash to the amount of one hundred and twenty-five pounds 7#abe7 sterling1 or such part thereof as may not previously have been paid on this credit1 writing off on the back of this letter the sum advanced1 and taking her drafts on us in your favour for your reimbursement1 which we engage duly to honour4 ,we remain1 ,gentlemen1 ,your most obedient ,servants1 ,,smith1 ,,paterson ,,winkles4 ,across the face of the letter of credit is written1 8,this credit to be in force for twelve months only from this date40 ,circular ,notes1 as they are called1 are in one respect an improvement on a letter of credit3 they can be cashed in almost every town the traveller is likely to visit4 ,they are issued by most ,london bankers and for sums of from #aj upwards4 ,a banker has a pretty responsible time of it4 ,he is bound to keep secret the state of his customer's account4 ,he must also know his customer's handwriting1 so1 should he pay a cheque or bill which turns out to be a forgery1 he must bear the loss4 ,if he neglects to carry out any instructions within the legitimate sphere of banking business1 such as the payment of premiums on a life insurance or the purchase of shares1 he may be called to account for any loss the customer may suffer through his carelessness4 ,the simplest bank in the country1 and the most important to depositors of small means is the ,post ,office ,savings ,bank1 about which we must now speak4 ,it is an extensive institution1 having over eight thousand branch establishments all over the country2 indeed1 every money order office is a branch office of the ,post ,office ,savings ,bank4 ,at the present time there are more than three and a half millions of accounts open1 with an average balance of #ac #ajs41 and the average turnover of the bank1 counting both the money deposited and the money drawn out1 is twenty-eight million pounds a year4 ,you cannot1 in the ,post ,office ,savings ,bank1 open an account from which1 by means of cheques1 you can draw money at any hour4 ,it does not provide cheque books1 and makes the withdrawal of money comparatively a slow process1 for its leading idea is not to facilitate present business1 but to provide for future need4 ,it really starts with the reflection that 8,if youth but knew what age would crave1 ,many a penny it would save40 ,an account may be opened with a very small sum4 ,you can do it with a shilling4 ,with that in your hand you can go to a post office1 and assert your intention of placing your savings under the care of the ,government4 ,and remember that the shilling1 and anything else added to it1 will be safer than in any other bank whatever2 for the ,post ,office ,savings ,bank can only come to grief with the ruin of the ,british ,empire4 ,intending depositors must state their ,christian name and surname1 occupation 7if any71 and residence1 and they must sign a declaration to the effect that they have no interest in any savings bank account1 and are willing to have any deposits they may make managed according to the regulations of the ,post ,office4 ,when that is done a deposit book is supplied4 ,in this book every deposit must be entered at the time of its being made by the postmaster1 or whoever receives it1 and he must affix to the entry his signature and the stamp of the office4 8,in addition to the receipt in the book1 the depositor will receive an acknowledgment by post from the ,savings ,bank department in ,london1 and this should reach him within four clear days1 exclusive of ,sundays and bank holidays1 if the deposit be made in ,england or ,wales2 within six days1 if it be made in ,ireland or ,scotland40 ,the interest allowed is #b per cent4 per annum--that is to say1 at the rate of #b #ajs4 every year for every #ajj4 ,this is just a halfpenny each month for every pound4 ,thus1 a pound lodged in the bank1 and lying there for a year1 becomes #a #js4 #f;d43 #aj becomes #aj #es42 and #cj grows to be #cj #aes4 ,the interest is calculated to the #cast of ,december in every year1 and is then added to and becomes part of the principal4 ,the deposits made in any year ending #cast ,december must not exceed #cj1 and when a depositor has lodged in all #aej1 not counting interest1 she is not allowed to lodge any more till she has reduced the sum standing at her credit4 ,if she chooses to let it lie1 it will1 of course1 by the addition of interest1 increase every year4 ,when it reaches #bjj1 however1 no more interest is allowed till some of the money is withdrawn4 ,when a depositor wishes to withdraw any money1 she fills up a notice of withdrawal1 to be had at any ,post ,office ,savings ,bank1 and forwards it to the ,savings ,bank ,department in ,london4 ,she then receives by post a warrant1 which she should present with her book at the post office where payment is to be made4 ,once in every year1 on the anniversary of the day on which the first deposit was made1 the deposit book should be forwarded to the ,controller of the ,savings ,bank ,department in ,london1 that the entries may be checked1 and that the sum due for interest may be added4 ,when sending the book1 do not pay postage3 all communications on ,savings ,bank business go free4 ,deposits may be made by married women1 and in that case their husbands have no control over the money4 ,they can draw from it when they please1 and bequeath it by will to any person they choose4 ,the ,post ,office ,savings ,bank adapts itself to saving on the smallest scale4 ,if a girl can only save a penny at a time1 she can with the penny buy a stamp1 and the stamp she can stick on a form with twelve divisions1 supplied by the ,post ,office4 ,when she has in this way saved twelve stamps1 she must take it to the post office1 and have the shilling entered in a regular bank account4 ,but the ,post ,office undertakes more business in connection with money than merely storing it up against a rainy day4 ,of that1 however1 we shall speak in our next article4 7,to be continued47 ,a ,,song ,,for ,,the ,,old ,,year4 ,,by ,m4 ,m4 ,,pollard4 ,a tale of the past1 a tale of the past6 ,of the days that have vanished1 the first and the last1 ,of the year1 the old year that has met with its doom1 ,and is vanished for ever in time's yawning tomb6 ,the snow of ,december is spread as a pall ,of white-crested trophies to mourn for its fall1 ,and the flow of the river is hushed in its bed1 ,silent and still as the year that has fled4 ,bright were the blossoms that welcomed its birth1 ,springing afresh from the bosom of earth1 ,smiling in valley1 on mountain1 and glade1 ,gladdening the pathway in sunshine or shade4 ,but they have budded and blossomed to fall1 ,summer birds answer no more to the call1 ,they are gone--and the wail of the chill wintry blast ,sweeps like the sound of a requiem past4 ,e'en as the seasons my life-tale has been1 ,sunshine has lightened up many a scene2 ,sometimes the hours seemed all brightness and joy1 ,cloudless and calm as a sweet summer sky2 ,sometimes the beauty fled swiftly away1 ,as rising clouds shadow the glory of day1 ,for life has all changes--is joyous or drear1 ,like the seasons that make up thy round1 hoary year6 ,and many more cycles will swiftly roll past1 ,with changes1 and sunshine1 and gloom like the last1 ,giving new birth to the blossom and rill1 ,and voices will praise them when mine shall be still1 ,and others will welcome with gladness or tears1 ,the hope and the promise of many more years4 ,oh1 year that is vanished6 ,i bid thee farewell1 ,and the chill winds of winter are sounding thy knell4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,new ,,year',s ,,bells4 ,,merle',s ,,crusade4 ,,by ,,rosa ,,nouchette ,,carey1 ,author of 8,aunt ,diana10 8,for ,lilias10 etc4 ,,chapter ,,xi4 ,,marshlands4 ,we had started by an early train1 and arrived at ,netherton soon after four4 ,i knew we were to be met at the station1 and was not at all surprised when a fresh-coloured1 white-haired old gentleman brandished his stick as a token of welcome to ,joyce4 ,i was quite sure that it was ,squire ,cheriton before ,joyce clapped her hands and exclaimed1 8,there's gran40 8,halloa1 little one10 he said1 cheerily1 as she ran up to him with a joyous face1 8so you have not forgotten grandfather4 ,bless me1 you are not a bit like ,vi1 you have taken after ,alick4 ,so this is the boy1 nurse8 ,dear me6 which is the nurse80 looking at me with rather a puzzled countenance4 8,i am the nurse1 sir10 ,i returned1 quietly2 8and this is ,hannah40 8,hannah ,sowerby1 of course4 ,bless me1 ,i never forget a face--never2 ,i knew yours directly10 as ,hannah dropped a countrified curtsey to the squire4 8,i saw ,michael the other day2 he was looking hale and hearty--hale and hearty2 #8that comes of hard work and temperate living1 ,michael1' ,i said--oh1 we are both of an age1 old ,michael and ,i1 and ,i am hale and hearty1 too4 ,so this is my grandson2 he is a fine fellow2 takes after ,vi1 ,i should say4 ,come along1 come along1 there's auntie waiting for us10 and1 talking half to us and half to himself1 ,mr4 ,cheriton led us through the station4 ,on the way1 however1 we were stopped twice2 first1 the station master was interviewed and the children introduced to him-- 8,my grandchildren1 ,drake10 observed the ,squire1 proudly1 twirling his gold headed stick as he spoke2 then a burly farmer jostled against the squire1 and the two commenced observations on the weather4 8,fine weather for the crops1 ,roberts2 the oats look lively4 ,these are my grandchildren2 fine boy that40 8,little girl looks rather peaky1 squire2 wants a bit of fattening40 8,eh1 what6 ,we'll fatten her1 won't we1 ,joyce80 pinching the child's thin cheek4 8,takes after her father1 ,alick ,morton4 ,you can't find fault with my grandson1 ,roberts1 ,i hope2 never seen a finer child in my life40 8,father1 father10 exclaimed a fresh young voice1 8what are you doing with those children8 ,methuselah is fretting terribly to be off4 ,do be quick1 pray40 8,i am coming1 ,gay4 ,now then1 all of you1 move on4 ,ta-ta1 ,roberts40 ,and ,mr4 ,cheriton drove us out before him4 ,an open barouche was waiting at the door1 and a young lady was on the box trying to hold in a pair of thoroughbreds4 ,when she saw us1 she at once handed the reins to her father1 and jumped lightly to the ground4 8,kiss me1 you darlings10 she said1 coaxingly2 8don't you know me yet80 as ,joyce hung back a little shyly4 8,i am ,gay1 the little auntie1 as you used to call me4 ,how do you do1 ,miss ,fenton--you see ,i know your name4 ,hannah1 ,i am glad to see you again4 ,there is plenty of room for us all2 the boxes are going by omnibus4 ,now1 father1 we are all ready10 and in another moment ,methuselah and his mate were on their homeward way4 ,miss ,cheriton chattered all the time4 ,she was a pretty1 dark-eyed girl1 rather piquante in style1 but not equal to her beautiful sister1 though ,i caught an expression that reminded me now and then of my mistress4 ,she struck me as very fresh and unconventional1 and she had a bright1 chirpy voice and manner that must have been very attractive to children4 ,joyce made friends with her at once1 and even ,reggie wanted to go to her1 and received her caresses and compliments with unusual condescension4 8,how wonderfully he has improved1 nurse--,miss ,fenton1 ,i mean4 ,my sister told me he was a lovely boy1 and so he is4 ,why1 ,rolf will look quite plain beside him4 ,what nicely-behaved children they seem4 ,poor ,rolf is such a plague to us all40 8,don't you love ,rolf1 auntie80 asked ,joyce1 fixing her dark eyes on ,miss ,cheriton's face4 ,the young aunt looked rather perplexed at this question4 8,when ,rolf is good ,i love him1 but not when he teases1 fidgets1 or frightens my canaries2 ,i do not love him a bit then4 ,i am always longing to box his ears1 only his mother would be so angry with me4 ,father1 dear1 do make ,methuselah go a little slower1 ,mr4 ,hawtry is trying to overtake us40 8,holloa1 ,roger10 exclaimed the squire1 in his hearty voice1 8you did not think to pass ,methuselah1 did you1 on that hack of yours80 ,and the next moment a gentleman1 well mounted on a dark bay mare1 rode up1 and entered into conversation with ,miss ,cheriton4 ,he threw a searching glance round the carriage as he lifted his hat1 and then laid his hand on the carriage door4 8,good afternoon1 squire2 ,methuselah seems a trifle fresh4 ,how is it you are not driving1 as usual1 ,miss ,cheriton8 ,better employed1 ,i suppose10 with a look at ,reggie4 8,so these are ,alick ,morton's children1 are they8 ,the little girl looks delicate4 ,you must bring them out to my place2 ,mrs4 ,cornish will give them plenty of new milk4 ,by the by1 isn't that ,hannah ,sowerby80 ,and as she dimpled and looked pleased1 8,why1 ,i was over at ,wheeler's ,farm this morning1 and your sister ,molly was talking about you4 ,i wanted ,matthew to come up to the ,red ,farm for a job--he is a handy fellow1 that brother of yours--so1 as ,i was waiting1 ,i had a chat with ,molly40 ,i looked across at ,hannah and saw how this kindly mention of her home pleased her4 ,it was good-natured of ,mr4 ,hawtry to single her out1 and this little act of ,christian charity prepossessed me in his favour4 ,he was not very young--a little over thirty1 ,i should have judged--and had a strong sensible face1 8not a mask without any meaning to it10 as ,aunt ,agatha sometimes said1 but a face that seemed to reveal a sensible1 downright character4 ,i saw ,mr4 ,hawtry look in my direction once a little doubtfully4 ,i daresay1 being an old friend of the family1 he thought it rather odd that ,miss ,cheriton did not introduce him to me1 but ,joyce soon enlightened him4 8,oh1 nurse6 do look at those pretty flowers10 she called out1 pulling my gown to enforce my attention4 8,yes1 ,i see them1 dear10 ,i answered1 quietly1 and then ,reggie became restless and struggled to get to me1 so ,i took him in my arms1 and at that moment the carriage turned in at some lodge gates4 ,i had not been able to judge much of the place4 ,miss ,cheriton's chatter had engrossed me4 ,i knew we had driven very fast through a pretty village1 and that we had turned off down a country road1 and that was all4 ,once ,i fancied ,i had caught a blue shimmer in the distance that must have been the sea1 but after we had turned into the lodge gates1 ,i took no more notice of ,miss ,cheriton and her companion4 ,i was far too curious to see ,marshlands1 the home where my beloved mistress had passed her childhood4 ,a short avenue brought us to the gravelled sweep before the hall door4 ,a large sunny garden with terraces seemed to stretch into a park-like meadow2 in reality it was divided by a wire fence to keep in the sheep that were feeding between the trees4 ,an old white pony was looking across the fence1 attracted by the sound of our horses1 a little black and tan terrier flew out on the steps barking1 and a peacock1 who was spreading his tail on the sundial1 retreated in much disgust1 sweeping his train of feathers behind him4 8,jacko hates ,fidgets10 observed ,miss ,cheriton1 as the children clapped their hands at the gorgeous bird1 and then ,mr4 ,hawtry dismounted and lifted ,joyce out of the carriage4 ,i stood for a moment with ,reggie in my arms1 admiring the old red brick house1 with its ivy-covered gables1 before we entered the wide dark hall1 and it was then that ,i distinctly heard ,mr4 ,hawtry say-- 8,who is that young lady80 8,do you mean the children's nurse1 ,miss ,fenton80 observed ,miss ,cheriton1 carelessly4 8,oh1 yes1 ,vi says she is quite a lady1 and very nice1 but----0 ,here ,i passed on quickly and lost the rest1 only my foolish cheeks caught fire4 ,merle1 ,merle1 be prudent1 remember the ,valley of ,humiliation4 ,what does it matter1 my girl1 what the world thinks8 ,eve was a dairymaid in ,eden4 ,an old grey-headed butler had hurried out to meet us4 ,miss ,cheriton1 who had joined us after a minute or two1 questioned him at once4 8,is ,mrs4 ,markham still out1 ,benson80 8,yes1 ma'am1 and ,master ,rolf and ,judson are with her1 but ,i have taken tea into the morning-room40 8,very well1 ,benson1 ,i will be down presently4 ,now1 ,miss ,fenton1 let me show you your quarters10 and she preceded us up the dark old staircase1 and down a long narrow lobby1 lighted with small lozenged pane windows1 and threw open a door at the end of the passage4 8,this is the old day nursery1 and there are two bedrooms communicating with it4 ,susan will bring up the children's tea directly4 ,will you ring for anything you want4 ,i am sorry ,i cannot wait now1 but ,i must pour out tea for my father and ,mr4 ,hawtry4 ,i will come up again by-and-by10 and she nodded pleasantly and ran away4 ,i looked round the nursery approvingly4 ,it was such a charming1 old-fashioned room1 rather low1 perhaps1 but with brown wainscotting1 and a dark panelled ceiling1 and wooden window seats1 and though the windows were small1 they were deliciously quaint1 and they looked out on the grass terrace and the sundial1 and there was the white pony grazing under the elms1 and such a pretty peep of the park1 as ,i supposed they called it4 ,an old black-faced sheep came in sight2 ,i called ,joyce to look at it1 and even ,reggie clapped his dear little hands1 and cried out1 8,ba--ba1 ba--ba40 ,the bedrooms were just as cosy and old-fashioned as the nursery4 ,the bed where ,joyce and ,i were to sleep was hung with curious blue chintz1 and there was an oak wardrobe that looked black with age1 and curious prints in little black frames hung round the walls4 ,reggie's cot had chintz hangings too4 ,the afternoon sunshine was flooding the room1 as ,i stood at the window a moment4 ,i called to ,hannah to admire the view4 ,we were at the back of the house2 there was a kitchen garden and fruit trees1 then came a deep1 narrow lane and cornfield1 and beyond lay the sea2 ,i could even catch sight of a white sail very near the shore4 ,i never saw ,hannah so excited as she was when she caught sight of that lane4 ,she thrust her head out of the window1 almost overbalancing herself in her eagerness4 8,why1 miss10 she exclaimed1 8there is ,cherry-tree-lane1 and if we could only see round the corner--but those pear trees shut it out--we should see ,wheeler's ,farm4 ,isn't it like being at home80 her voice trembling with emotion4 8,directly ,i had a taste of the salt air1 and a glimpse of ,squire ,hawtry's cornfields1 ,i felt almost beside myself40 ,and indeed the girl's honest joy was good to witness1 and again1 as ,i thought of those sisters crowding out the attics of ,wheeler's ,farm1 ,i could have found it in my heart to envy ,hannah4 ,when ,i had taken off the children's things we went back to the day nursery4 ,a freckled-faced country girl was covering the round table with all sorts of dainties--new laid eggs1 fruit1 jam1 and honey2 there seemed no end to the good things4 ,she nodded to ,hannah in a friendly way1 and asked after her health in broad ,sussex dialect4 8,do you know ,susan80 ,i observed1 in some surprise1 as ,i poured out some milk for the thirsty children4 8,she is a neighbour's daughter10 replied ,hannah1 as she waited on us4 8,susan was never much to my taste1 but we learnt our samplers together4 ,the ,mullinses are not our sort10 she continued1 with manifest pride4 8,joseph ,mullins is the village cobbler1 but he is none too steady1 and father and ,molly can't abide him40 ,as soon as the children had finished their tea1 ,i took them to the window1 where they found plenty to amuse them4 ,the white pony was still cropping the grass2 here and there was a nibbling sheep2 the rooks were cawing about their nests in the elm trees2 the peacock was strutting along the terrace1 accompanied by his mate2 a pair of golden-crested pheasants followed them4 ,presently the bay mare was brought round by a groom1 and ,mr4 ,hawtry came out on the terrace1 and stood talking to ,mr4 ,cheriton before he mounted4 8,why did you call him ,squire ,hawtry1 ,hannah80 ,i observed1 curiously1 as he rode away down the avenue4 8,he is mostly called by that name10 returned ,hannah4 8,he is a gentleman farmer1 and lives at the ,red ,farm down ,dorlcote way4 ,his mother and sister used to live with him1 but his mother died two years ago1 and ,miss ,agnes did not long survive her4 ,she was a sweet creature1 and very handsome1 but she had been a sad invalid the last few years of her life40 8,poor ,mr4 ,hawtry6 and he is all alone40 8,quite alone1 except for his good old housekeeper1 ,mrs4 ,cornish2 she takes good care of ,mr4 ,roger1 as she calls him4 ,folks say10 continued ,hannah1 somewhat hesitating1 8,squire ,hawtry has had enough of loneliness and nursing ,miss ,agnes1 and that he is looking out for a wife2 he and ,miss ,gay are firm friends1 and----0 8,i think ,reggie is getting sleepy10 ,i observed1 hastily1 for ,joyce was listening with all her might1 and the old proverb is true in saying 8little pitchers have long ears20 besides which this was gossiping about other people's affairs1 and ,hannah knew ,i never countenanced gossip2 it always seemed to me such a mean and undignified thing to chatter about those who were inmates of the house that sheltered us4 ,we had partaken of their bread and salt1 and so they ought to have been sacred to us4 ,how little the world understands the so-called word 8honour10 but 8,noblesse oblige0 is a safe motto4 ,hannah took the hint with her usual good nature1 and went off for the bath water4 ,the next moment there was a slight peremptory tap at the nursery door1 and before ,i could answer a tall1 elegant-looking woman1 dressed in black1 entered the room4 ,i rose at once in some little trepidation2 of course it was ,mrs4 ,markham4 8,good evening1 nurse10 she said1 in rather a thin1 highly-pitched voice4 8,i hope you find yourself comfortable1 and that the children are not tired with the journey40 ,then1 without waiting for an answer1 she seated herself languidly1 and called to ,joyce1 8,come to me1 my dear2 ,i am your ,aunt ,adelaide2 good children always come when they are called40 ,i gave ,joyce a slight push1 for she was hanging back in a most unaccountable way1 and yet she was by no means a shy child1 and would be friendly even with strangers1 if she liked their appearance4 ,i thought ,mrs4 ,markham looked a little annoyed at her hesitation1 but she controlled herself and tried coaxing4 8,what would your mamma say1 if you refused to kiss poor ,aunt ,adelaide8 ,come1 that is better10 as ,joyce advanced1 timidly4 8,why what a thin1 sickly-looking child it is10 regarding the sweet little face before her rather critically2 8,i should hardly have thought10 speaking half to herself1 8that ,violet would have had such a plain child40 ,i was indignant at this2 for everyone thought ,joyce had a lovely little face1 though it was rather too thin and grave4 8,excuse me1 ,mrs4 ,markham10 ,i observed1 hastily1 8but ,joyce is a very forward child1 and understands all that is said before her10 for it was hard that our pet should meet with such a cold reception4 ,mrs4 ,markham regarded me with a supercilious stare2 she evidently thought ,i was taking a liberty with her in venturing to remonstrate1 but ,i took no notice1 and prudently restrained myself4 ,i felt1 even at that first moment1 an unaccountable dislike to ,mrs4 ,markham4 ,most people would have pronounced her very handsome1 in spite of her sallow complexion and thin lips1 but a certain hardness in her expression repelled me1 as it repelled ,joyce4 ,her dark eyes regarded one so coldly2 there was such hauteur and indifference in her manners2 and then the metallic harshness of her voice6 8,how could she be ,mrs4 ,morton's sister80 ,i thought1 as ,i recalled the sweet graciousness1 the yielding softness1 that made my dear mistress so universally beloved4 7,to be continued47 ,,christmas ,,in ,,the ,,german ,,fatherland4 ,in the days of my youth it was my good fortune to have letters of introduction to some ,german friends of our family1 and to be invited to spend the winter with them in their charming country house at the foot of the ,riesengebirge4#a ,it was the #bdth of ,december1 and bitterly cold1 when ,i emerged from the railway carriage upon the platform of a small country station1 and was taken into friendly possession by a vivacious little dark-eyed baroness and her tall1 flaxen-haired son1 who1 with many fears that ,i must be nearly frozen by my long journey from ,berlin1 wrapped me in an extra fur and supplied me with a third veil before allowing me to encounter the keen outer air and a long sledge drive4 ,to drive in a sledge at all was to me a novel and delightful experience1 and the sledge to which ,i was now conducted was particularly pretty1 with its body of light carved wood1 its fur rugs lined with crimson1 its pair of cream-coloured ,russian ponies1 with their harness studded with silver knobs1 and arches of silver bells over their heads2 and when once we were all warmly ensconced among the cushions and wrappers1 and were gliding with noiseless swiftness over the well-kept sledge-way1 it seemed to me that sledging was the very acme of luxurious motion1 and ,i felt almost sorry when ,baron ,max checked his ponies to point out the high tower1 now close at hand1 which he said formed part of the main building of his home4 ,after passing through some fine pine-woods1 we drove across the whilom moat1 now planted with trees and called the ,dark ,walk1 and1 driving under a small archway1 found ourselves in a spacious court laid out as a flower-garden1 while facing us1 and forming three sides of a hollow square1 stood the schloss itself4 ,the great entrance was approached by a long flight of steps1 and upon these were several liveried servants awaiting our arrival1 while at the sound of the sleigh-bells and the cracking of the driver's whip1 two great wolfhounds rushed out to welcome their master1 and were followed1 more sedately1 by the daughters of the house1 who from their striking disparity in height were always known by the sobriquet of ,tiny and ,tall4 ,to ,tiny's care ,i was immediately consigned1 and1 after a brief adjournment to my room1 was led by her into the saloon1 where we found ,tall presiding over the coffee and cakes1 which1 as ,i discovered later on1 she had herself prepared4 ,the ,baroness had disappeared1 leaving an apology for me that1 as it was ,christmas ,eve1 she had much to do1 to which she must attend1 and while we were waiting the signal to go and view the tree1 ,tiny and ,tall proceeded to enlighten me as to many of their national customs in connection with this particular season4 ,in this village1 for instance1 as in many others of the ,fatherland1 and especially in ,southern ,germany1 a veiled woman goes up and down the streets after nightfall1 bearing in her arms a child chosen for his beauty and goodness to represent the ,infant ,saviour1 and as they pass along they find the cottage windows discreetly left ajar1 so that the ,christ-child1 as he is called1 can leave upon the sill some token of the day4 ,every good child1 upon awakening next morning1 finds gifts--oranges1 sweeties1 or some such things2 but1 alas for the child who has been naughty6 for him are no such delights2 for him there lies only a pliant willow or birchen rod1 suggestive of the chastisement he deserves4 ,into the towns the ,christ-child seldom comes2 he is there replaced by the ,christmas tree2 and it was to decorate such a tree that the mother of the family had now disappeared4 ,the room in which ,i was hearing all this was large and lofty1 lighted by five windows1 the remaining walls being hung with ancestral portraits2 for these unassuming1 domesticated young girls were the descendants of a noble and historical line1 would not have changed their ancient barony for a modern dukedom1 and with pardonable pride showed me the family portraits1 and gave me slight sketches concerning the originals4 ,the most striking of these was certainly the full-length picture of that old field-marshal of whom ,carlyle thus graphically writes3--8,with regard to ,friedrich1 the court-martial needs no amendment from the ,king4 ,the sentence on ,friedrich1 a lieutenant-colonel guilty of desertion1 is from president and all members1 except two1 death as by law40 ,from this portrait we turned to that of ,frederic the ,great himself--his own gift to the family2 from that prince the transition was easy to the subject of the ,seven ,years ,war1 and we had begun planning excursions to the different battlefields when a bell began to ring1 and changed the current of our thoughts4 ,we rushed down a long corridor1 being joined as we went by different other members of the household1 and reached the room from whence the blaze of light betrayed the presence of the great tree4 ,it was1 indeed1 a giant1 and formed a most imposing spectacle1 as it stood in the centre of the large room1 dazzling with variegated waxen tapers1 shimmering all over with ice-like crystals1 and decorated with gilded fruits and sweetmeats4 ,the base of this wonderful member of the vegetable world was covered by a pyramid of the tempting confectionery and gingerbread peculiar to the province1 and for which lots had afterwards to be drawn4 ,round the room1 and overshadowed by the mighty branches of the central tree1 stood tiny specimens of the same tribe1 each standing upon a table laden with gifts1 and each destined for a separate member of the family and household4 ,even ,i1 stranger as ,i was1 had my own little tree and table of presents--pieces of fine ,silesian linen1 a huge surprise ball1#b and a pretty gold brooch1 embossed with roses and forget-me-nots1 which ,i cherish still in remembrance of my first happy visit to ,germany4 ,there were so many pretty things to admire1 so many thanks to tender1 so many good wishes to exchange1 that it was growing quite late before we could make up our minds to leave these 8halls of dazzling light0 for the more prosaic supper-room4 ,here--as in ,germany the ,eve is more celebrated 7except as regards religious services7 than the ,christmas ,day itself--we found the traditional dishes of ,germany and of ,england4 ,in honour of ,germany ,i had to make acquaintance with real black bread--8,pumpernickel10 as they call it in some parts of ,germany1 sauerkraut1 and raw smoked ham1 all of which at first ,i secretly thought odious1 but eventually grew to like very much2 and in honour of ,england we had plum pudding and mince pies--the former not at all badly cooked1 the latter a dismal failure1 as most ,english housewives will understand when ,i tell them that the cook1 although adhering strictly to the proportions of an excellent recipe1 had--for some extraordinary reasons of his own--pounded the whole into a paste1 and enclosed it in a very thick crust1 the shape and size of a small pork pie4 ,we did not linger long after supper2 for it had been a long and fatiguing day for everyone4 ,as for myself1 after so many interesting and novel incidents1 and so long and wearying a journey1 ,i was only too glad to find myself once more in my own room1 and ,i slept without pause or wakening until the appearance of the young ladies' maid1 ,amalia1 at my bedside next morning with a cup of coffee and the intimation that it was now #g4cj1 and that the sledge for church-goers would be at the door at nine o'clock4 ,we were off punctually to the time1 and after about half an hour's drive over the hard-frozen snow1 upon which the brilliant sunshine was streaming down1 we reached the unpretending-looking little ,lutheran church4 ,here1 as the due of the ,adel1#c we sat in a gallery all by ourselves1 and had high-backed velvet chairs1 surmounted by the baron's coronet1 and with footstools embroidered to match2 and very strange it seemed to me to be looking down from this pinnacle of isolated grandeur upon the poorer congregation below4 ,generally speaking1 these wore the costume of the province1 and a charming costume too--a short skirt of red1 green1 or blue serge1 with five broad bands of black velvet round the lower edge2 black velvet bodice1 laced over a full chemisette1 and sleeves of white cambric2 pointed velvet cap 7of the ,stuart shape71 in colour matching the skirt1 adorned with heavy gold braiding1 and edged with a fluting of ,silesian lace4 ,long gold earrings and a broad gold plaque1 set with garnets and suspended by a slender chain round the neck1 were the ornaments worn with this costume1 and were1 as ,i was afterwards told1 handed down as family heirlooms from mother to child4 ,the dress of the men was1 of course1 less elaborate4 ,it consisted of dark-blue or grey cloth suits1 much adorned with silver buttons4 ,both men and women wore long black stockings and buckled shoes as part of their ,sunday garb1 but on weekdays generally go barefoot4 ,those among the congregation who abjured these picturesque costumes and went in for modern fashion1 wore--like the gentle folk--black2 and ,i found to my astonishment that black was also de rigueur for ,confirmation and the ,holy ,communion4 ,the clergyman1 a tall1 kindly-looking old man1 wore a long black gown and a wide box-pleated ruff4 ,there was an ebony and silver crucifix upon the altar1 which had lighted waxen tapers burning upon it4 ,the musical part of the service was led by a full brass band2 and1 to complete my surprise1 ,i found it was against rule to kneel at any time2 one either sat or stood4 ,all this seemed so utterly at variance with recognised ideas in ,england upon the same subject1 that ,i am afraid ,i did not much profit by my first church-going in the ,fatherland4 ,still1 it was an interesting experience1 and when time had familiarised me more with both the language and the customs1 ,i found a great deal that ,i could honestly admire1 though ,i never ceased to prefer our own bright and beautiful ,liturgy to the somewhat ponderous nature of worship in the ,fatherland4 ,,footnotes3 #a ,a lofty chain of mountains lying to the south of the province of ,silesia4 #b ,a ball of this kind is a favourite gift in ,germany4 ,it looks like a very unskilfully-wound ball of knitting wool4 ,you are bound in honour to knit it up1 and as you do so you disclose1 one by one1 a variety of gifts1 the most precious being generally the innermost of all4 #c ,nobility4 8,,no40 ,,by ,,mary ,e4 ,,hullah4 ,illustration3 8,,an ,,empty ,,cab ,,came ,,rattling ,,round ,,the ,,corner40 ,,chapter ,,iii4 ,the wind blew fiercer than ever as ,embrance turned out of the broad avenue into a side path1 and found herself face to face with ,horace ,meade4 8,good afternoon1 ,miss ,clemon40 8,good afternoon1 ,mr4 ,meade40 ,she put her hand into his for a second2 he had thrown away his cigar and turned to walk by her side4 8,how fast you walk10 he said2 8,i have been watching you for the last three minutes40 8,i haven't much time to lose10 said ,embrance1 apologetically1 8as a rule4 ,the park gate will shut soon40 8,yes1 to be sure4 ,do you like the ,regent's-park80 8,very much2 don't you80 8,oh yes1 immensely1 but somehow ,i never come here4 ,no1 indeed1 ,i don't10 in answer to her look of amusement2 8,i came to-day because ,i thought there was a chance of meeting you4 ,there is something that ,i want to talk to you about4 ,do you know that you are the most difficult person in the world to approach80 8,i should not have thought so10 said ,embrance1 with a smile4 8,i think ,i can guess what you are going to tell me40 ,he shook his head3 8,i'm afraid you can't40 8,you must not suppose that she means all she says2 only give her time and she will take your advice40 8,ah1 yes2 ,joan1 you mean80 ,it struck ,embrance that he was very absent and unlike himself1 but she had broached the subject now1 and she felt bound to go on with it4 8,she told me that she was very sorry that she had been ungracious about some suggestion that you made4 ,i'm quite sure that she would not willingly say anything to hurt you40 8,i'm quite sure she would not10 assented ,horace1 8she is much too kind-hearted40 8,and10 continued ,embrance1 clasping her hands firmly in her muff1 8,i wanted to say 7we needn't talk about it again71 if you think that it would be better for her to go down to ,doveton1 ,i will try and persuade her to go2 it would not be for long1 perhaps40 8,no1 ,i suppose not10 said ,horace1 absently2 8but don't you see1 ,miss ,clemon1 the question is not altogether about ,joan's peace of mind1 but yours80 ,they had reached the gate1 and turned into a dreary piece of 8outer circle40 8,mine80 exclaimed ,embrance1 growing scarlet in the dim twilight2 8there is no occasion to talk about me40 8,i beg your pardon1 ,i have a great deal to say4 ,do you suppose ,i don't see what you are doing for my cousin1 how you are helping her and teaching her1 and taking on your shoulders the responsibilities that her own family ought to bear80 8,i had not looked upon it from that point of view10 said ,embrance1 dryly4 8,now you are angry at what ,i have said2 ,i can't help it1 ,i can't hold my tongue any longer4 ,joan knows what ,i think1 but perhaps she has not told you all ,i said2 she is a dear little girl4 ,don't imagine that ,i am throwing any blame on her1 but she shouldn't have come to ,london60 8,i have tried to do my best for her10 said ,embrance1 in a broken voice4 8,miss ,clemon10 cried ,horace1 8you must think that ,i am behaving like a brute6 ,do you suppose ,i don't know that8 ,you have done her1 and are doing her1 all the good in the world40 8,i thought that you did not trust me10 explained ,embrance1 simply4 8,i'm so glad ,i was wrong2 indeed1 ,joan is like a younger sister to me2 don't try to separate us40 ,the light of a feeble gaslight fell upon her face as she spoke2 her eyes were raised pleadingly to his4 8,you have mistaken me altogether10 he said1 hurriedly1 8but ,i couldn't expect it to be otherwise4 ,you must not misunderstand me again4 ,embrance1 ,i know ,i am taking you by surprise2 ,i must say it4 ,i love you4 ,i am miserable when ,i am away from you4 ,don't1 don't turn away60 ,a gust of wind came roaring down the road2 she did not heed it4 ,she walked quietly by his side1 stricken dumb with great joy4 ,she did not deceive herself for one instant1 it was too late for that1 she liked him too well4 ,she could not shut her heart to the truth1 any more than she could shut her ears to his words4 ,alas1 alas6 where were all her plans for ,joan8 ,did ,joan love him8 ,in the darkness of the badly lighted road1 she seemed to see ,joan's beautiful face1 and to hear her say1 8,embrance1 have patience with me4 ,don't think ill of me6 ,you are the only one who has patience with me60 8,my poor dear1 ,i will do my best for you10 she thought1 as a feeling of great tenderness towards ,joan came over her4 ,she had no answer ready for ,horace ,meade4 ,ah6 he was strong1 and did not want her pity4 8,what shall ,i say8 ,what shall ,i do80 she cried at last1 in desperation4 ,it seemed as if hours had passed since he had spoken the words that made this great difference in her life4 8,have ,i distressed you8 ,i can't help it4 ,tell me1 won't you listen to me80 8,i1 ,i am sorry10 she faltered1 looking at him with a tearful glance4 8,i didn't know4 ,i had thought----0 ,she stopped2 ,joan's name must not be mentioned now if she loved him2 if--nay1 she must love him1 and he would find it out by-and-by2 he could not but be fond of her4 ,only give them time2 he was vexed with her for the moment2 it would all come right4 ,nevertheless it was hard to give him her answer4 8,mr4 ,meade10 she said1 speaking more firmly now1 8it is very good of you4 ,i thank you very much4 ,i can't listen to you2 it is better not40 8,are you engaged to that man who went to ,new ,zealand80 8,my cousin8 ,no1 certainly not2 why should you think so80 8,joan said something about it1 that is partly why ,i determined to know my fate at once40 8,you must have misunderstood her altogether4 ,when did you see her last80 8,about a fortnight ago4 ,i can't remember10 he replied1 impatiently4 8,i believe your whole thoughts are wrapped up in her40 8,i beg your pardon4 ,i didn't mean to vex you4 ,can't we be friends1 at least80 ,up to the present moment she had indeed been thinking how she could best make a reconciliation possible between him and ,joan4 ,with a sharp pang it struck her that perhaps after all she was in the wrong4 8,listen10 he said2 8,i am in earnest1 in bitter earnest4 ,you believe me1 don't you80 8,yes10 said ,embrance4 8,thank you4 ,i was sure of that1 at least4 ,i care so much that ,i can't stay here any longer1 coming to see you like a stranger1 and having no right to help you in any way whatever4 ,i have seen enough in the last few months to guess a little what your work is4 ,no2 let me say it out to the end4 ,before ,i knew you ,i fancied that you were selfish and indifferent4 ,heaven knows how wrong ,i was6 ,if ,i can't win your love1 it is my own fault4 ,embrance1 don't decide in a hurry4 ,think it over4 ,i love you4 ,give me a chance40 ,they had reached the crowded thoroughfare4 ,gaslights were flaring2 the road was thronged with cabs and carts2 the people were pushing along the pavement1 too busy to notice the quiet couple1 or to observe that the plain girl in an ulster had a white face1 and that the lines of her mouth were set with pain and suffering4 ,across the street1 in a few minutes1 they were in a dreary square4 ,here there were no loiterers4 ,a murky grey sky2 black trees1 flinging their gaunt arms to the chimney pots2 rows of melancholy stone houses1 with carved heads1 placidly unconcerned1 gazing down from the lintels4 ,in vain she strove to find words to tell him her perplexity4 ,how could she accept this gift from his hands1 believing as she did that the child at home was longing to make friends with him8 ,how should she return and look her friend in the face1 saying1 8,i have stolen your lover08 8,embrance1 be patient with me10 ,joan had said4 8,embrance1 don't give me up40 ,then she turned and put her hand into ,horace's4 ,her fingers were cold as ice1 but they did not tremble4 8,i can't2 don't ask me10 she cried under her breath4 ,he strode by her side in silence4 ,an empty cab came rattling round the corner4 8,stop it10 whispered ,embrance4 ,he obeyed her1 opened the door1 and told the man where to drive4 ,he lifted his hat1 standing on one side1 and waiting for the cab to drive off4 ,at last she raised her eyes to his4 8,forgive me10 she whispered2 8do forgive me4 ,god bless you1 ,horace40 ,he turned away without a word4 ,what should he say more than he had said8 ,she could not love him4 ,there was nothing more to be done4 ,she was no coquette to say 8,no0 when she meant 8,yes40 ,fate was hard on him4 ,the one woman in the whole world whom he longed to call his wife had rejected his love4 ,he must bear his grief as best he could4 ,embrance sank back into a dark corner of the cab1 shuddering as she recalled his look of misery4 ,she had none of the spirit of a heroine or a martyr to support her2 she had tried1 struggling against her own self1 to act uprightly by one friend2 suppose that her very love of honesty had caused her to be cruel to another8 ,now that it was all too late1 she longed to have the last five minutes over again4 ,no1 a thousand times1 no6 ,let her only get home and have time to think1 and she would leave off being sorry4 ,whether rightly or wrongly1 she had done what seemed honest and fair2 she would not reproach herself1 and he would soon get over it4 8,men forget sooner than women10 she reflected1 falling back on one of her aunt's numerous truisms4 ,then she almost laughed in scorn at her own insincerity4 8,you don't believe it2 you know he loves you1 and your ridiculous behaviour will make him think worse of all womanhood from this day forth40 8,oh6 ,i hope not4 ,i hope not60 she sobbed aloud1 with her head against the cushion of the cab4 ,the sound of her own voice roused her to the consciousness that she was getting very near home2 she sat up1 dried her eyes and smoothed her hair4 ,it would not do to alarm ,joan2 what had happened this afternoon must be kept a secret from her at all events4 ,she had her own latch-key4 ,she opened the door and stole upstairs4 ,the landlady and her daughter were chatting in the back parlour1 but ,embrance did not want to exchange civilities with them just now4 ,outside her own door she paused for a moment1 then opened it1 saying3 8,well1 ,joan1 are you waiting for your tea80 ,there was no answer4 ,the lamp was lighted1 the tablecloth was laid1 but ,joan was not there4 ,her chair was in a corner by the window2 there were no signs of her drawing or scraps of millinery about4 8,joan60 cried ,embrance1 nervously4 8,where are you80 ,no answer4 ,she ran to the door of the next room and looked in2 all was dark and silent4 8,i suppose it is not so late as ,i thought10 she said to herself4 8,she will be in soon1 ,i daresay40 ,she took off her bonnet1 and sat down to wait with a book1 but she could not fix her attention4 ,she was very1 very tired1 and rather lonely2 she did wish that ,joan would come4 ,the longing to speak to somebody was so great1 that after a short time she put out her hand and rang the bell4 ,annie came running upstairs at the summons2 her eyes were round with excitement2 she hardly waited to hear ,miss ,clemon's question4 8,did ,miss ,fulloch leave any message for me when she went out80 8,no1 miss2 she's been gone ever since ten o'clock1 half an hour after you left4 ,i heard the door bang1 and ,i said to myself1 #8,what's that8' ,and it was ,miss ,fulloch2 she had on her new bonnet1 with the pink feather1 that she was making40 8,never mind the bonnet1 ,annie2 did she say when she would be in to tea80 8,no1 miss2 and ,i expect she won't be back2 she took her bag40 8,very well4 ,i will wait half an hour1 and then1 please1 bring tea40 8,there's something wrong upstairs10 was ,annie's report in the kitchen4 8,miss ,clemon looks as if she see a ghost4 ,she isn't half the lady she was40 ,seven o'clock struck2 eight o'clock1 nine o'clock1 and no ,joan appeared4 ,embrance drank a cup of tea1 but she could not eat anything4 ,in vain she told herself that very likely ,mrs4 ,rakely had made one of her flying visits to ,london1 and had persuaded ,joan to spend the day with her2 it was absurd to be anxious2 of course she would be back directly2 nevertheless she could not read1 write1 or rest4 ,the late postman brought a letter for ,miss ,clemon4 ,annie1 having studied the envelope on the way upstairs1 saw that the postmark was ,brighton4 ,embrance took the letter4 ,the handwriting1 firm and neat1 was quite strange to her4 ,she opened it hastily4 8,dear old ,embrance0 7it began74 8,i had not the courage to say good-bye to you this morning1 but ,i told you that ,i had a secret1 and ,i think you guessed it2 you are so clever4 ,i was afraid you would be disappointed1 you meant me to be a painter's wife1 didn't you8 but ,i was happily married to ,alfred ,brownhill this morning1 and we are spending our honeymoon at ,brighton4 ,we must come and see you before we go to ,doveton4 ,alfred sends his kind regards2 he remembers you quite well4 ,you will be glad to hear that ,i am so happy2 ,i hope you won't miss me too much1 you busy old dear4--,your loving1 ,,joan ,,brownhill4 ,p4,s4 ,alfred likes the bonnet very much4 ,he wrote the address2 were you mystified80 ,a little bunch of sweet smelling violets dropped out of the letter and scented the room--,joan always loved flowers4 ,she liked everything that was pleasant and good to look upon4 ,alfred ,brownhill6 he was a staid1 middle-aged man1 with a comfortable home and a prosperous income4 ,no wonder that old ,mr4 ,fulloch had wished for the marriage4 ,he would be surprised1 too1 and would wonder that his grand-daughter had not returned to his roof1 as she was prepared to follow his advice at last4 ,but ,embrance saw clearly enough that ,joan would never have done that4 ,a runaway wedding1 and a triumphant return to ,doveton1 would be much more to her taste4 ,she looked at ,joan's unused cup and saucer on the table1 and she shivered as she realised the truth2 her friend would never come back4 ,while she had been rejecting the pleadings of a good man who loved her1 ,joan had perhaps been telling her husband that 8,embrance wished her to marry a painter40 8,i will write to him10 she said1 turning to the little table where she had so often sat when he and ,joan talked together over the fire4 ,she never swerved from her intention2 he had been cruelly treated2 he might not care to accept her apology1 that did not matter4 ,she must see him once more1 and explain to him that she had been deceived--mistaken1 that was a more gracious word4 ,she would write no more than she could help4 8,dear ,mr4 ,meade1--,please come and see me4 ,i have made a mistake4--,yours truly1 ,,embrance ,,clemon40 ,she knew his address1 she had written to him before1 asking him to do various little acts of kindness for ,joan4 ,once she had been to tea at his rooms1 with ,mrs4 ,rakely and ,joan1 he had shown her his sketches and asked her opinion about his pictures4 ,it was all long ago4 ,it had been a bitterly cold day1 ,joan had caught a bad sore throat1 and was ill for a week afterwards2 she had been an impatient invalid1 and ,horace had called to inquire after her very often1 and had left fruit and flowers4 ,embrance could no longer endure the loneliness of the little parlour2 she missed ,joan terribly1 her laugh and her many coaxing ways4 ,she longed for air2 it was a good excuse for posting the letter herself4 ,as she tied her bonnet-strings before the glass1 she shrank back aghast at the sight of her pale face4 ,she put on a thick veil and threw a shawl over her shoulders2 she would feel happier when the letter was once in the pillar-box4 ,a hundred times she had been up and down the crooked staircase in the dark2 to-night1 it might be that she was tired1 or that her eyes were full of tears1 but her foot slipped1 she clutched instinctively at the banister1 missed it1 and fell down into the darkness below4 ,so it came about that the letter to ,horace ,meade was left unposted till the following morning4 ,some days passed before ,embrance could leave her room2 the doctor1 whom the landlady had summoned in her fright1 said that she had sprained her ankle badly1 and ordered perfect rest4 ,the people in the house were good to the solitary invalid2 the first-floor lodger brought her knitting and a great many dull stories of her own youth1 and experiences of sprained ankles and broken limbs1 and came and sat by her sofa1 while the landlady and ,annie were unceasing in their attentions4 ,some of ,embrance's pupils called1 and ,joan wrote sheets of sympathy1 crossed and recrossed4 ,her husband sent his kind regards and hoped that ,miss ,clemon would come down to ,doveton and stay there till she was quite convalescent4 ,however1 ,embrance refused the invitation1 she would rather stay at home for the present2 later on1 she would like to visit ,joan4 ,mrs4 ,brownhill1 in the snug breakfast-room in her new home1 fretted a little over this refusal2 then she recovered her spirits and laid plans for summer excursions2 it would be better to have ,embrance1 after all1 when the roses were in bloom4 ,alfred ,brownhill was very much in love with his young wife1 and considered her interest in the welfare of her sick friend the prettiest trait of character imaginable4 8,poor old ,embrance10 exclaimed ,joan1 with her hand in his2 8,i should die of loneliness in that pokey room all by myself1 but she has so much strength of will2 ,i don't believe she minds a bit4 ,i shall never be like her60 8,heaven forbid60 murmured he devoutly4 ,he was prepared to be kind to the lady for his wife's sake1 but he had a virtuous horror of a strong-minded woman wrapped up in herself1 and his principles 7which he held sacred7 did not allow him to disguise his feelings4 ,in the meantime ,embrance recovered slowly and went back to her work1 but she received no answer to her letter4 7,to be concluded47 ,,answers ,,to ,,correspondents4 ,,educational4 ,l4 ,m4 ,d4 7,suisse74--,we have no charge whatever to make against the moral or intellectual training given in ,swiss schools1 having had opportunities for making ourselves well acquainted with some of them4 ,but we speak advisedly in stating that1 on the score of diet1 and certain other matters1 ,english habits differ from those of foreign countries1 and many ,english constitutions cannot bear so great a change with impunity1 especially young growing girls4 ,thus it is better that they should be educated at schools in their own country2 or1 if abroad1 should attend day schools1 or engage visiting masters1 and sleep and board at home4 ,we have many ,swiss friends1 and are partial to them and their country4 ,we are glad you like our paper1 being one of 8our girls40 ,,young ,,antiquary4--,the word 8cromleac0 is a compound of two ,irish words--viz1 crom1 8to adore10 or 8worship10 and leac1 8a stone40 ,crom was likewise one of the ,irish names of the supreme ,god4 ,these ancient remains are therefore very clearly those of altars or places of worship4 ,you would learn all that is known of them by reading ,higgins' rare work on the round towers1 etc41 in the ,british ,museum4 ,,work4 ,,duchess4--,to tan a tennis net1 soak it in boiled oil1 and let it dry under cover1 hung up in the air4 ,your writing is too full of flourishes4 ,,young ,,mother1 ,,helen ,c4--,get a shilling manual with knitting and crochet patterns4 ,our space cannot be occupied by them4 ,,florence ,,gobbler4--,we thank you for your communication about hat cleaning4 ,,courts4--,clothing for ,ceylon should consist of what we here call summer clothing--white and pale-coloured cambrics1 tussore and ,surah silks1 very thin cashmere1 silk gauze webs for undervests1 etc4 ,go to an ,indian outfitter's1 and you will be shown the materials which are the most suitable4 ,t4 ,a4 and ,c4 ,m4--,the best dress for tricycle-riding is a tailor-made short habit1 or tight short jacket1 and a plain narrow cloth skirt1 without any trimmings1 festooning1 and draping4 ,c4 ,c4--,table centres are much used for dinner parties1 but not of gathered up plush4 ,they are made of straight pieces of silk1 ,german canvas1 or satin sheeting1 ornmented with an appliqu of plaited straw1 or plush edged with fine cord or tinsel4 ,,miscellaneous4 ,,maud4--,go to the police office and inform the inspector of your trouble and the cruel treatment to which you are subjected1 and he will take you to the proper quarters1 where you may obtain a separation and an allowance4 ,do nothing rashly and nothing wrong1 be your trials and provocations what they may4 ,what you suggested to us would be very wrong indeed1 and we think and hope you must have done so under great excitement4 ,if by word or act you thoughtlessly gave cause for jealousy1 you might not obtain the separation and allowance1 to which otherwise you could lay just claim4 ,pray ,god to guide you and preserve you from evil4 ,,blush ,,rose4--,requiescat in pace means 8,rest in peace40 ,,lotta4--,try to live much in prayer during each day while at your business1 or in little intervals of leisure4 ,the responsibility of either turning to ,god and accepting or 8neglecting so great salvation0 lies on you4 ,you are not a mere puppet1 but a reasonable being1 and have been given to distinguish between good and evil4 8,ye will not come unto ,me10 not 8,ye shall not come40 8,why will ye die80 etc4 ,do not let anyone deceive you with the idea that you have no free will4 ,god does not unjustly 8gather where ,he does not strew40 ,he had already given the one pound to the idle servant1 and thus supplied the means for trading1 or would not have expected any return4 ,may ,he guide you aright4 ,,kittie4--,perhaps some glycerine or vaseline might remove the roughness from your face and neck4 ,get some nice nursery hairwash and apply it to the skin of your head with a small sponge4 ,,harry',s ,,wife4--,we sympathise with you in your trouble and your sister in her sufferings4 ,certainly1 the prayer offered in faith1 resting on ,god's promises1 will certainly be answered4 ,he who bestows faith will accept ,his own gift with favour4 ,it is ,he who is drawing your heart towards ,him4 ,,emma ,,walker4--,there is the ,royal ,free ,hospital in ,gray's-inn-road1 ,w4,c41 for the relief of the sick poor of all nations1 without any letter of recommendation or other claim beyond sickness and destitution4 ,write to the secretary1 ,james ,s4 ,blyth1 ,esq4 ,about #b1jjj in-patients and #be1jjj out-patients are annually under its care4 ,,beatrice ,,marie4--#a4 ,the #afth ,july1 #ahfi1 was a ,friday4 #b4 ,a series of articles on girls' pets was given in vol4 iv41 pages #hc1 #bgd1 #fjb1 and #gca4 ,a ,,dark ,,lady and ,,sussex4--,when a married man dies intestate1 having children1 the widow can claim one-third of his property1 and the remaining two-thirds are divided between his children in equal portions4 ,if he die without children1 the widow can claim one-half of his property1 and the rest is divided in equal portions between his nearest of kin4 8,sussex0 is quite wrong in his ideas respecting a brother's claims taking precedence of those of the widow and the children1 and it would be most unjust if such were the law4 ,the 8,dark ,lady0 writes well4 ,,priscilla4--,your digestion needs attention1 and perhaps your diet and mode of life4 ,if you get a bad headache whenever you read for long at a time1 why do you attempt it8 ,read a little from time to time1 and rest your eyes and the feeble nerves connected with the brain4 ,,adelaide4--,what you name are designed as acts expressing respect and veneration for ,him whom we worship on bended knee4 ,we cannot enter more fully into the subject of your letter4 ,we have no remembrance of any letter signed 8,ade40 ,,antoinette ,r4 informs us that 8she is pretty10 and that gentlemen whom she serves in her father's shop 8stare at her as if she were an unseen object40 787 ,we fail to understand what that means4 ,she should resolutely try to forget herself1 and give her whole attention to selling her father's gloves1 etc4 ,,julia ,f4 ,e4 must count the feet of her verses1 so as to get them even4 ,it will not do to have nine feet in one line and eight in another4 8,heaven0 and 8driven0 do not rhyme1 and in the poem to a 8,skylark0 here are many mistakes in the length of the feet4 ,but1 after all1 to an invalid the pleasure of writing down the 8thoughts that oppress0 and 8the words which burn0 is very great1 and the relief is excellent both for brain and the feelings4 ,,an ,,english ,,voice ,,from ,,ireland4--,we certainly could not advise you to marry under the circumstances that you 8neither love nor respect0 the man to whom you have promised your hand4 ,perhaps you do not know your own mind1 and had better ask to wait a year before you decide finally4 ,,marion1 ,,newcastle4--,the new volume of the ,g4 ,o4 ,p4 begins with the ,november part4 ,you could improve your writing by crossing your 8t's0 and dotting your 8i's40 ,,rilly4--,the ,malvern ,home of ,rest might suit you4 ,particulars may be had from the ,hon4 ,mrs4 ,hewett1 ,barnard's ,green1 ,great ,malvern4 ,there is also ,fern ,house1 ,coleshill1 ,warwickshire1 standing high1 having a large garden1 etc4 ,apply for terms to ,miss ,price1 ,fern ,house1 ,coleshill1 ,warwickshire4 ,we think that one of these might suit you4 ,if a boarder were willing to share a bedroom1 the charge would be #ags4 per week1 everything included except washing1 which would be #i;d4 a dozen4 ,,annie4--,the office of the ,poor ,clergy ,relief ,corporation1 an institution intended to give aid in temporary distress to them1 their widows1 or orphans1 is at #cf1 ,southampton-street1 ,strand1 ,w4,c4 ,,thyra and ,,cassy4--,there is no 8usual time0 for giving answers4 ,there is very little space allowed for putting them in4 ,in reference to your question1 the use of tweezers and pumice-stone is all that we can recommend4 ,,auntie ,,laurie4--,your parents' objection to an engagement with the man you name is fully justified by his conduct4 ,the fact that he has endeavoured to induce you1 a minor1 to rebel against them and 8marry him secretly10 shows him to be devoid of all honour and right principle4 ,he is taking a disgraceful advantage of your youth1 weakness1 and inexperience4 ,,maude ,,scott4--#a4 ,when a cemetery is closed it is generally because the neighbourhood has become overcrowded near it4 ,we never heard of a cemetery being re-opened4 #b4 ,the colours of the hoods worn by clergymen and their linings show the university or college from which they come4 ,a ,,perplexed ,,one4--,we know of no remedy so good as golden ointment4 ,but why not consult a doctor1 as your house and its surroundings must be in fault8 ,a ,,scotchwoman4--8,edward ,garrett0 is the nom de plume under which ,isabella ,fyvie ,mayo has written several popular works1 amongst others1 8,occupations of a ,retired ,life10 and 8,premiums ,paid to ,experience40 ,,virginia ,,maud4--,we could not answer your letter at the length you desire1 as we have no space in our columns4 ,we should advise you to write to the secretary1 ,girls' ,friendly ,society1 central office1 #c1 ,victoria ,mansions1 ,victoria-street1 ,westminster1 ,s4,w41 with a view to joining the ,girls' ,friendly ,society1 which will offer you all the aid and information you may require4 ,,lily4--,ten extra summer and ,christmas numbers have now been published4 ,,hermon',s ,,servant4--,ember ,week is a corruption of ,quatuor tempora1 through the ,dutch ,quatemper and ,german ,quatember4 ,the four times are after ,quadragesima ,sunday1 ,whit ,sunday1 ,holyrood ,day 7,september71 and ,st4 ,lucia's ,day 7,december74 ,the ancient belief that persons sat in embers or ashes on those days is without foundation4 ,,rance and ,,gypsy4--,canaries' claws when too long can be cut with a small pair of sharp scissors1 but it is a very delicate business to perform4 ,,portia4--,your sending out cards of thanks for kind inquiries is an intimation that you are prepared to receive the visits of the friends who made them4 ,that will decide the time for you4 ,until you send the cards1 they would be most indiscreet and intrusive in calling1 unless the very nearest relations1 or an exceptionally intimate and privileged friend4 ,,rowena4--,it is a fixed and general rule that for a girl to ride out only with a riding master is very far from expedient4 ,of course1 if he were an uncle or brother1 or a very old and respectable married man1 the objection would be lessened1 especially if riding up and down the sea sands in full sight1 instead of taking a country ride out of sight4 ,there should always be a second lady or a brother1 though quite young4 ,,jerboa is thanked for her kind letter1 and the ,editor feels much obliged to those who proposed his health at the dinner party 8,jerboa0 attended4 ,she makes the tails of her letters too long below the lines4 ,those above are of a suitable and prettier length4 ,make them correspond4 ,,priscilla may probably outgrow her headaches1 as she is so young4 ,they may arise from various causes4 ,thus1 we could not prescribe without due acquaintance with her constitution and many surrounding circumstances4 ,illustration3 ,a ,,coquette4 ,,louie4--,your informant was right1 and probably drew his information from ,major ,a4 ,b4 ,ellis's work1 entitled 8,west ,african ,islands10 published last year4 ,canaries have no song in their wild state2 it is of artificial origin1 and the song our birds give us in no way resembles their natural shrill chirp4 ,they are placed in cages near those of birds already trained to sing1 and when accustomed to imprisonment they strive hard to imitate the notes of their educated fellows4 ,the natives of the ,canary ,islands keep a large stock on hand in process of training4 ,the young of those trained and taught naturally learn from the parent birds4 ,,ella ,,brown4--,the statue of the ,venus de ,medici is only #d feet #aa inches in height4 ,it is believed to be the production of ,cleomenes1 of ,athens1 of the second century4 ,it was exhumed in the seventh century near ,tivoli1 in the villa of ,hadrian1 and was removed in #afhj1 by ,cosmo ,,iii41 to the ,imperial ,gallery at ,florence1 from the ,medici ,palace at ,rome4 ,it was broken into eleven pieces when discovered1 all in a perfect state1 one arm only missing1 which has been added4 ,,twin ,,sisters4--,the #eth of ,june1 #ahgf1 was a ,monday4 ,c4 ,,of ,,rudolstadt1 ,,ida1 and ,,stella4--,we are inundated with verses from girls1 young and untaught2 and1 as a rule1 the same opinion and criticism would be suitable for all alike4 ,but in the case of 8,ida's0 verses there is some promise of better to come2 as1 at least1 she has a good ear for rhythm4 ,our young friend with the long name should count the feet and make each line correspond with its fellow1 observing where the beat falls in every line1 and placing it uniformly on the same syllable in each verse4 ,those that follow her first verse neither correspond with it in feet nor in the beat4 ,though quite incorrect1 there is some little poetic feeling in 8,stella's0 lines4 ,,vevey4--,we are much obliged for your article1 but are unable to give it a place in our columns owing to lack of space4 ,,lulu4--,consult our series of articles on 8,good ,breeding10 and 8,the ,habits of ,polite ,society40 ,at page #cad1 vol4 ii41 you will find 8,dinners in ,society10 and from this you can glean all the information you require4 ,you only show your good sense in making inquiries when unacquainted with any subject4 ,there is nothing to be ashamed of in so doing4 ,,bulb4--,you should put out a good-sized barrel or tub to catch any rainfall in a garden1 backyard1 or on the leads1 where accessible1 and use it at least for the face and hands4 ,,lily ,,leaves4--,to prevent moths from eating your clothes in the summer1 keep them constantly brushed and aired4 ,camphor1 ,keating's powder1 or sandal-wood shavings should be placed about all clothing that is kept in boxes and cupboards4 ,the #bcrd of ,september1 #ahfg1 was a ,monday4 ,,millicent ,,leigh4--,st4 ,catharine was a virgin martyr1 who suffered at ,alexandria under ,maximin in #cjg1 and whose relics were said to have been miraculously conveyed to ,mount ,sinai1 where they are preserved in a monastery4 ,the celebrated ,duchess of ,devonshire was the youngest daughter of ,john1 ,earl of ,spencer1 born1 ,june1 #ageg2 died1 ,march1 #ahjf4 ,her beauty1 wit1 and audacity made her one of the most celebrated women of her day4 ,a ,,ward ,,in ,,chancery4--,rice thrown at a bride is a relic of the panis farreus in the most honourable form of marriage amongst the ancient ,romans1 and it was called ,confarreatio4 ,orange blossoms were first worn by ,saracen brides1 but the modern custom of wearing them is a fashion introduced by dressmakers1 and is referrable to the 8language of flowers40 ,,armistice4--,the redness of the scar can only be removed by time4 ,nature has produced a new skin1 but1 like that of a new-born infant1 it is tender and red4 ,leave it alone4 ,,maud ,,kinsley4--,au revoir is the ,french for 8to see again10 and is pronounced as 8o-rev-voir10 and retrouss means 8turned up10 or 8tucked up10 and is pronounced as 8re-troo-say40 ,,anahuac 7,mexico74--,the individual who is desirous of being naturalised as a ,british subject should have resided seven years in ,great ,britain4 ,did the applicant do so when being educated in ,england8 ,children belong to the father's nationality1 not the mother's4 ,the ,british consul would give all necessary instructions and assistance4 ,t4 ,m4 ,b4--,your nice letter deserves a kindly acknowledgment4 ,you may send as much as would fill a sheet of notepaper as a specimen of your style and originality of ideas1 and we shall hope to give you our opinion1 as you desire4 ,,will',s ,,darling4--,we do not know how to advise you1 save to marry and live with your aged grandmother4 ,you cannot possibly leave her1 and in all probability she will be glad to have you comfortably settled with a kind husband before she is called away4 ,your writing is rather careless4 ,,shiny ,,face4--,it is not the so-called working men whose wives enter learned professions and neglect home duties4 ,they enter public-houses instead4 ,the complete monopoly of almost all occupations for bread-earning for such a length of time by men could not continue amongst an ever-increasing population2 so many suitable fields of intellectual and manual work have been shut out from women by their 8natural protectors40 ,it is sad to see the latter selling tapes and ribbons behind counters4 ,they can be clergymen1 schoolmasters1 soldiers1 sailors1 emigrants to prepare new settlements1 lumberers1 navvies1 engine-drivers1 stokers1 mechanics1 chimney sweepers1 masons1 etc41 and the women will leave all such work to them4 ,but dairy1 fruit1 flower1 poultry1 and other farming may be very suitably directed by women2 also printing1 binding1 engraving1 designing1 china painting1 and very many other ways of bread-earning should be equally open to them as to men4 ,,roseleaf4--,an ell 7cloth measure7 was fixed at #de inches by ,henry ,i41 ,a4,d4 #aaja4 ,the word is derived from ulna1 8the arm10 although much longer than that member2 but even now measurements are made by it4 ,,lady ,,adelaide4--,edelweiss is pronounced as 8,a-dle-vice40 ,,anxious ,,one4--,lessons can be had to cure stammering4 ,fill your lungs well with air1 and consider what you wish to say before you speak4 ,make your sentences very short1 and open your mouth well4 ,when alone1 read aloud1 and beat time with your foot or hand regularly at every second syllable4 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcriber's note--the following changes have been made to this text4 ,page #ahj3 flocked to flock--8with his washed flocked04