,transcrib]'s ,notes3 ,und]scores 80 be=e & aft] a ^w or phrase indicate italics 9 ! orig9al text4 ,small capitals h be5 conv]t$ to ,,solid capitals4 ,illu/rations h be5 mov$ s !y d n break up p>agraphs4 ,typographical & punctuation errors h be5 sil5tly correct$4 ,plank ,frame ,b>n ,con/ruction ,,by ,,john ,l4 ,,%awv] ,,david ,,williams ,,company1 ,publi%]s #bcb-bch ,william ,/reet1 ,new ,york #aijd ,,copyright$ #aijd1 ,,by ,,david ,,williams ,,company4 ,,preface4 ,?is matt] 0 orig9ally pres5t$ 9 ! columns ( ,c>p5try & ,build+1 9 response to cont9u$ reque/s = in=mation conc]n+ ! plank frame sy/em ( con/ruction1 :i* = _m ye>s pa/ has be5 gr[+ 9 popul>ity 9 v>i\s sections ( ! c\ntry1 m p>ticul>ly ! ,c5tral ,we/4 ,! au?or has giv5 a great deal ( att5tion to ! subject1 hav+ be5 associat$ ) ! con/ruction ( plank frame b>ns = a long p]iod1 & he is1 !re=e1 compet5t to discuss ! matt] f ! /&po9t ( ! practical build]4 ,b>ns ( ! "* indicat$ h be5 ext5sively erect$ ?r\gh v>i\s sections ( ! ,we/1 & x is ) a view ( pres5t+ valuable data conc]n+ ! me?od ( con/ruction t ?is little "w has be5 compil$4 ,9 ! c\rse ( 8 articles ! au?or po9ts out ! advantages ( ! =m ( con/ruction ref]r$ to & describes :]e9 !re is a sav+ ( "t1 labor & mat]ial1 an important consid]ation1 especially 9 sections ( ! c\ntry :]e timb] = build+ purposes is n 9 pl5tiful supply4 ,con/ruct+ a ,plank ,frame ,b>n4 ,,by ,,john ,l4 ,,%awv]4 ,! gr[+ int]e/ 9 ! plank frame b>n1 z manife/$ by inquiries :i* h emanat$ f _m qu>t]s1 calls = specific in=mation :i* w enable e build] & f>m] to avail himself ( ! _m advantages (f]$ by ?is sy/em ( con/ruction4 ,! sy/em has be5 9 use 9 ,c5tral ,ohio = ! pa/ #bj ye>s1 & has be5 rapidly gr[+ 9 favor :]ev] p h _h an opportunity ( inve/igat+ its m]its4 ,dur+ ^! ye>s ! sy/em1 :i* 0 at fir/ some:at crude & undevelop$1 has be5 gradually improv$1 until to-day1 aft] _m ( ! mo/ sev]e te/s1 x is believ$ to h rea*$ v ne> p]fection z reg>ds economy ( mat]ial & labor1 /r5g? ( frame1 conv5i5ce ( arrangem5t & durability ( /ructure4 ,! advantages (f]$ by ?is me?od ( con/ruction are3 #a4 ,a sav+ 9 timb] ( f #dj to #fj p] c5t4--a n small item 9 _m localities :]e timb] = build+ purposes has become a sc>ce article4 #b4 ,an opportunity to employ = ! build+ ( b>ns timb] t c\ld sc>cely receive consid]ation if solid timb] mortise & t5on frames 7 to be built4 #c4 ,a sav+ 9 ! co/ ( saw+1 cutt+ & haul+ ( ab\t "o-half ( ! timb]4 #d4 ,a sav+ 9 co/ ( fram+1 rang+ f #ej to #ij p] c5t41 accord+ to ! plan ( ! build+ & ! effici5cy ( ! build]s4 #e4 ,9 cases :]e f>m]s' wives are expect$ to bo>d & lodge ! build]s1 a sav+ 9 labor & vexation ( two or ?ree weeks' unnecess>y "t = fram+ old /yle b>ns4 #f4 ,a riddance ( practically all ( ! int]ior timb]s1 :i* are usually an int]f]5ce ) ! use ( ! horse =ks & hay sl+s1 z well z a s\rce ( con/ant vexation at ?re%+ "t & all o!r times :5 ! b>n is 9 use4 #g4 ,! full b5efit ( ! self support+ ar* ro(1 a con/ruction ( comb9$ triangles1 long braces & p]p5dicul> timb]s4 #h4 ,durability1 aris+ f ! fact t !re are no mortises 9 :i* moi/ure may accumulate & cause ! t5ons to decay4 #i4 ,! /ronge/ possible support = ! track ( ! hay =k or sl+4 #aj4 ,ease ( addition to ! ma9 build+ %\ld any ev] be requir$4 ,*anges & v>iations 9 plans ne$ cause no loss ( timb]1 z is c]ta9 to be ! case :]e a bill ( mat]ials has already be5 plac$ on ! gr\nd4 ,if a piece ( timb] is too long ! piece cut (f is us$ at "s po9t1 ?\gh p]haps n ov] #ah in*es 9 l5g? & conta9+ only #b or m feet ( /uff4 ,suppose we cut (f #ah in*es ( an #h #h we h lo/ #h feet ( lumb]1 :i* is wor?less = any purpose save = fire wood4 ,if a giv5 piece is too %ort x is splic$ 9 a mom5t's "t & no loss ( /r5g? is su/a9$4 ,9 an old /yle fram+ if a piece 0 too %ort x requir$ consid]able labor to rem$y ! matt]1 & a loss ( bo? timb] & /r5g? 0 su/a9$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #a4--;,int]ior ,b5t ( ,pla9 ,gable ,b>n ) ,basem5t4 ,h]e) are illu/rat$ two b5ts ( a b>n1 ,fig4 #a1 %[+ a pla9 gable b>n ) basem5t4 ,ref]r+ to x1 #a #a #a are po/s ( basem5t b5t1 consi/+ ( five #b #h planks1 two ( :i* are #h feet long & ?ree ( :i* are #g feet #b in*es4 ,^u ^! re/ ! joi/ be>]s1 m>k$ #b #b #b1 :i* consi/ ( ?ree planks #b #aj1 ext5d+ l5g?wise ( ! b>n4 ,^! basem5t b5ts are ?or\ghly brac$ by a me?od :i* w be illu/rat$ h]eaft]4 ,! braces #c #c #c are made ( two #b #d in* /uff ! requir$ l5g?1 ) a %ort piece ( ! same mat]ial =m+ a clamp brace some:at simil> 9 %ape to a clo!s p94 ,! sill ( ! sup]/ructure1 m>k$ #d1 consi/s ( two #b #h in* plank1 ) #f-;in* space betwe5 !m4 ,! po/s #e #e are made ( two #b #h in* plank1 ) int]v5+ #b-;in* space4 ,! purl9 po/s1 #f #f1 are made ( two #b #h in* plank1 ) int]v5+ space2 #g #g are ro( supports1 consi/+ ( a #b #h in* plank4 ,! coll> beams #h are two #b #ab in* plank ) int]v5+ #b-;in* space2 #i #i are sub-supports1 made ( a #b #f in* plank2 #aj #aj are /ays ( two #b #d in* plank1 ) int]v5+ #b-;in* space2 #aa #aa are ! ma9 ties ( "o #b #h in* piece2 #ab1 #ac & #ad are braces & ties ( #b #f in* plank2 #ae #ae are purl9 plates1 made ( two #b #h in* plank1 ) int]v5+ #b-;in* space into :i* c\pl+s & braces ent]4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #b4--;,b>n ,b5t1 ,%[+ ,gambrel ,ro( ,con/ruction4 ,at #af #af ! ma9 plates1 made ( two #b #h in* plank1 are plac$ into a ,v-tr\gh & inv]t$ ov] ! top ( ! po/4 ,! raft]s #ag #ag may be splic$ on ! purl9 plates4 ,! topmo/ int]sections are bolt$1 z %[n by means ( ! dots4 ,! upp] ends ( ! purl9 po/s are cut d[n #d in*es1 on a l9e p>allel ) ! ro( supports1 & aga9 at "r angles ) ! fir/ cut1 =m+ a saddle1 into :i* are plac$ ! purl9 plates4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #c4--,outside ,view ( ,end ,b5t ( ,sup]/ructure & ,basem5t ,b5ts4--,scale1 #c-cb ,in* to ! ,foot4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #d4--,side ,view ( ,plank ,frame ,b>n4--,scale1 #c-cb ,in* to ! ,foot4 ,9 ,fig4 #b is pres5t$ a view ( an int]ior b5t ( a gambrel ro( basem5t b>n1 :i* is con/ruct$ on ! same g5]al pr9ciples z %[n 9 ! previ\s figure4 ,hip ro(s1 go?ic ro(s1 etc41 are z readily provid$ = z ei!r gable or gambrel ro(s1 s any man's ta/e may be fully met 9 ?is respect4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #e4--;,detail ,%[+ ,section ( ,frame4--,scale1 ,in* to ! ,foot4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #f4--,section ( ,purl9 ,plate4--,scale1 ,in* to ! ,foot4 ,an outside view ( ! end b5t ( ! sup]/ructure & an end view ( all ! basem5t b5ts are %[n 9 ,fig4 #c ( ! illu/rations4 ,! braces 9 ! basem5t are p]mitt$ to ext5d up & betwe5 ! sills ( ! sup]/ructure1 ?us b9d+ bo? basem5t & sup]/ructure into "o solid frame "w4 ,9 ! int]ior ( ! basem5t1 :]e long braces w n int]f]e ) ! arrangem5t or conv5i5ce1 !y are to be pref]r$ to %ort ones1 b :]e %ort braces are necess>y !y are ins]t$ 9 su* a mann] z to give great] /r5g? ?an :5 mortis$ 9 z is usually done4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #g4--;,detail at ,peak ( ,b>n4--,scale1 ,in* to ! ,foot4 ,a side view ( ! frame1 :i* is ( su* a "* z to fully expla9 itself1 is pres5t$ 9 ,fig4 #d4 ,! plate is made ( two #b #h plank spik$ toge!r to =m a tr\gh & inv]t$ ov] ! tops ( ! po/s4 ,! mann] ( con/ruct+ ! b5ts ( ! basem5t is indicat$ 9 ,fig4 #e4 ,if ! po/s c /& on solid pill>s ( /one no sills are necess>y1 & ! fill]s ext5d d[n to ! l[] ends ( ! po/s & up to ! joi/ be>]s4 ,a side view ( ! purl9 plates1 :i* are made ( two #b #h or #b #aj plank ) a #b-;in* space betwe5 !m1 is %[n 9 ,fig4 #f4 ,! c\pl+ or splic+ block ext5ds ei!r way f ! ro( support a to ! dott$ l9es b b4 ,at c is repres5t$ a sectional view ( ! sub-support1 to :i* ! /ays d d are secur$1 & also ! l[] end ( ! braces e e4 ,?is arrangem5t gives suffici5t /r5g? to ! purl9 plates to su/a9 a slate or any o!r ro( desir$4 ,fig4 #g %[s ! mann] 9 :i* ! peak ( ! ar* is con/ruct$4 ,! ro( supports1 :i* are usually ( #b #h1 are indicat$ by ,a ,a4 ,! sub-supports1 usually ( #b #f plank1 are indicat$ by ,b ,b1 :ile ! dott$ l9es repres5t ! coll> beams1 ,c1 con/ruct$ ( #b #ab in* plank1 !re be+ "o on ei!r side & b\nd toge!r by -in* c>riage bolts #f in*es 9 l5g?1 _! position be+ indicat$ by ! small crosses4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #h4--;,detail ,%[+ ,con/ruction ( ,po/s 9 ,end ,b5t ( ,fig4 #c4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #i--,sectional ,view ( ,plate4 ,?ree po/s ( ! end b5t1 %[n 9 ,fig4 #c1 are con/ruct$ ( two #b #h plank1 "o #b #d & "o #c #f1 all z indicat$ by ! cross section 9 ,fig4 #h ( ! engrav+s4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aj4--,side ,elevation ( ,b>n ,hav+ ,two ,driveways & ,bay at ,ei!r ,end4 ,x w be notic$ t all ( ?is "w is easily & quickly done & t !re is n only a sav+ 9 ! timb]1 b also 9 ! labor4 ,z an example ( ! "t requir$ to erect a frame1 ,i w\ld /ate t ,i 0 rec5tly call$ to ano!r c\nty to assi/ 9 build+ a basem5t b>n1 #dj #hj feet 9 size1 #h-;foot basem5t & #af-;foot sup]/ructure1 ) pla9 gable ro(4 ,) ?ree c>p5t]s we comm5c$ "w on ,w$nesday morn+1 & on ,saturday ( ! same week we rais$ ! b>n complete4 ,9 o!r words1 x took f\r c>p5t]s ?ree days to frame a b>n #dj #hj #bd feet4 ,9 ,fig4 #aj is %[n a side view ( a b>n ) two driveways & bay at ei!r end4 ,a ,a are duplicat$ on inside ( po/s1 ) bridge blocks at dott$ l9es2 ,b is ma9 plate2 ,c is purl9 plate ( two #b #h plank set at "r angles ) ro( & also brac$ at "r angles2 ,d is ro( supports1 =m+ ! ar* ( ! b>n1 & ,e ! coll> beams4 ,fig4 #aa %[s int]ior b5t ( a 8gr\nd0 b>n ) decks above driveway4 ,%\ld /ables be desir$ 9 "o or bo? ends joi/ be>]s may ext5d entire wid? ( b>n4 ,!re are d\btless _m :o w\ld l "s evid5ce ( ! /r5g?1 durability & popul>ity ( ?is sy/em ( b>n build+1 & ,i !re=e submit a few facts 9 relation to ^! po9ts4 ,fir/ ,te/ ( ,/r5g?4--,a small model made ( l9d5 /rips #c-af in* ?ick & 1 & 9 in* wid?1 made on a scale ( to #ab & repres5t+ a b>n #dj #fj1 ) #h-;foot basem5t & #bj-;foot sup]/ructure1 0 f\nd /rong en\gh to support f\r m5 ( av]age weight4 ,second ,te/4--,sev]al ye>s ago a numb] ( p]sons at a b>n rais+ 7 discuss+ ! frail appe>ance ( ! frame1 & a te/ 0 made ) *a9s & lev]s 9 an ef=t to cru% ! frame by draw+ at opposite angles1 b )\t ! slighte/ effect4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aa4--;,int]ior ,b5t ( 8,gr\nd0 ,b>n ) ,decks ,above ,driveway4 ,ano!r example is f\nd 9 a b>n :i* 0 put up ) a m9imum quantity ( spikes1 because ! own] did n wi% to take "t to g to t[n = m4 ,! b>n has be5 /&+ #ad ye>s1 )9 :i* "t a numb] ( de/ructive w9d /orms h pass$ ov] x )\t damage1 ?\gh mu* damage to f5ces1 =e/s & build+s result$ 9 ! vic9ity4 ,z evid5ce ( ! rapidity ) :i* ! fram+ may be done1 ,i w ref] to a basem5t b>n1 #dj #hj1 #bd feet to ! squ>e1 rec5tly erect$ 9 ,union ,c\nty1 ,ohio4 ,i began ) ?ree c>p5t]s on ,w$nesday morn+1 & on ,saturday ( ! same week ! b>n 0 rais$ complete4 ,we 7 compell$ to "w "u ! disadvantages ( consid]able mud on ! newly grad$ f\ndation site1 necessity ( c>ry+ ! timb] "s di/ance1 & ! %ort days 9 mid ,novemb]4 ,none ( ! h&s _h any previ\s exp]i5ce 9 ?is "w1 s _h to le>n z !y proce$$4 ,a l>ge dairy b>n 0 built ! la/ week ( ,octob]1 #ahif1 j out ( ,new ,york ,city4 ,x is #ajj #cf1 ) #h-;foot basem5t & #af-;foot sup]/ructure4 ,we _h f\r h\se c>p5t]s & two labor]s4 ,began "w ,monday morn+1 b 7 delay$ by ! non-arrival ( ! spikes till ne>ly noon4 ,! basem5t b5ts 7 ea* #ajj feet 9 l5g?1 & !re 7 n9e b5ts 9 ! sup]/ructure4 ,bo? basem5t & sup]/ructure 7 rais$ on ,friday ( same week 9 six h\rs ) ! help ( #cj m54 ,/ill ano!r example may be giv5 to %[ ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! plank frame & ! mortise & t5on frame4 ,) ?ree help]s ,i fram$ a b>n1 #dj #gb1 ) #bj-;foot po/s1 :ile two c>p5t]s1 "o ( !m a =eman1 fram$ ! sills = a corn crib1 #e #dj4 ,! sy/em has be5 introduc$ into #cb ,/ates & "s fair siz$ b>ns h be5 built 9 ?is way4 ,"o 9 ,k5tucky1 #ef #ajj2 "o 9 ,colorado1 #fj #gj2 "o 9 ,wiscons91 #dj #abj1 ) w+ #dj #fj2 "o 9 ,ont>io1 #ef #if1 & "o 9 ,virg9ia1 #fj #ajj4 ,i h yet to le>n ( any :o1 hav+ built /rictly to specifications1 are dissatisfi$ ) ! frame4 ,on ! contr>y1 we are frequ5tly 9 receipt ( lett]s f ^? :o h ?us built /at+ t !y are delight$ n only because !y h sav$ bo? money & timb]1 b at ! same "t h obta9$ a ?or\ghly /rong frame )\t ! usual int]ior timb]s1 :i* are s mu* 9 ! way 9 h&l+ hay or gra94 ,i %all be glad to h ! fri5dly criticism ( practical build]s giv5 9 ! columns ( ,c>p5try & ,build+4 ,any sugge/ions :i* may lead to fur!r improvem5ts 9 ! sy/em w be appreciat$ v mu*1 & due cr$it w be giv5 to ^? :o sugge/ !m4 ,x w be se5 t ! sy/em is especially adapt$ to l>ge gra9 & hay b>ns1 to cov] b>ny>ds1 :i* are becom+ s popul> 9 _m sections ( ! c\ntry1 to tool %$s1 tobacco b>ns1 amphi!at]s1 c4 ,:ile !re is n s l>ge a sav+ 9 ! timb] ( ! basem5t z 9 ! sup]/ructure1 !re is yet a fair sav+ ( timb] ev5 "h1 & at ! same "t !re is great sav+ ( labor4 ,! timb]s are employ$ only :]e !y c s]ve a useful purpose1 & special ef=t is made to s place ! timb]s z to secure ! maximum am\nt ( /r5g? ) ! smalle/ possible am\nt ( timb]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! foll[+ communications 7 br\ght out z ! result ( ,mr4 ,%awv]'s invitation to ! read]s ( ,c>p5try & ,build+3 ,brac+ a ,basem5t ,b>n ,built on ! ,plank ,frame ,sy/em4 ,f ,e4 ,s4 ,h41 ,connecticut4--,i h be5 read+ ! articles ( ,mr4 ,%awv] on b>n fram+ ) a great deal ( int]e/1 & ,i am desir\s ( obta9+ full in/ructions 9 reg>d to brac+ ! int]ior ( a basem5t b>n3 also a complete bill ( mat]ials = ! frame ( su* a b>n1 #dj #fj feet 9 area1 basem5t #h feet high & sup]/ructure #bj feet high4 ,! ro( is ( ! gable patt]n1 "o-?ird pit*4 ,!re is also a bay 9 ea* end & a d\ble driveway4 ,answ]4--,9 ref]r+ to ! above inquiry1 ,mr4 ,%awv] submits ! foll[+ in=mation1 accompani$ by ! illu/rations pres5t$ h]e)3 ,! sket*es "h giv5 w expla9 9 detail ! mann] ( ins]t+ ! braces & ! way 9 :i* !y are made4 ,( c\rse1 :5 long braces w n int]f]e ) ! desir$ use ( ! space !y are pref]r$ to %ort ones1 b %ort ones prop]ly ins]t$ w give ! same rigidity to ! plank frame t braces ( simil> l5g? w give to a mortise & t5on frame4 ,! braces ,c ,c ( ,fig4 #a are ins]t$ 9 ! b5ts z ! latt] are con/ruct$1 b ! brace %[n 9 ,fig4 #b is n ins]t$ until ! b>n is rais$4 ,9 basem5t b>ns ! joi/ be>]1 ,a ( ,fig4 #a1 is made to ext5d l5g?wise ( ! build+1 & ! b5ts ( ! sup]/ructure be+ plac$ crosswise we f9d ! sill ( a b5t ( a sup]/ructure z repres5t$ at ,f ,f4 ,b 9 gr\nd b>ns ! joi/ be>]s ext5d crosswise ( ! b>n1 & ! po/ ,b is p]mitt$ to ext5d up ?r\gh ! joi/ be>] ab\t #g in*es4 ,two po/s are !n spik$ to ?is project+ portion1 "o on ei!r side1 & ?us aga9 ! brace %[n 9 ,fig4 #b may be ins]t$ if ?\ght necess>y4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! braces are prop]ly ins]t$ 9 ! side walls ( ! frame ! %ort braces may safely be omitt$ 9 gr\nd b>ns4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #a4--,%[+ ,me?od ( ,brac+4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #b4--,"o ,=m ( ,brace ,employ$4 ,! foll[+ is a bill ( mat]ials = a plank frame basem5t b>n1 #cf #fj feet1 basem5t #h feet1 ) wall on "o side1 #af-;foot sup]/ructure1 ) a #bc-;foot bay at ea* end & a #ad-;foot driveway 9 ! middle4 ,ro( "o-?ird pit*1 pla9 gable1 decks ov] driveway if p]missible4 ,int]ior po/s ( basem5t to /& on /one pill>s4 ,,bill ,,( ,,mat]ials4 ,basem5t3 ,fir/ ,b5t4 ,ins4 ,ins4 ,ft4 #b sills #b #h #fj 7or six #b #h #bj7 #ab po/s #b #h #h #d door po/s #b #f #h #f po/ fill]s #b #h #h #d nail]s #b #f #ab #a nail] #b #f #ad #c joi/ be>]s #b #aj #fj 7may use #ads & #bds47 #aj braces #b #f #aj ,b5ts #b1 #c & #d simil>4 #ab po/s #b #h #h #ah po/ fill]s #b #h #h #bj braces #b #d #f #c joi/ be>]s #b #aj #fj ,ends ( ,basem5t4 #h sills #b #h #i 7or f\r #b #h #ah7 #d nail]s #b #f #ah 7or eight #b #h #i7 #d nail]s #b #h #ah #af braces #b #f #aj #ef braces #b #d #f #bh brace blocks #b #d #af ,sup]/ructure3 ,two ,end ,b5ts4 #d sills #b #h #cf 7or eight #b #h #ah7 #ab nail]s #b #f #ah #d beams #b #h #cf 7or eight #b #h #ah7 #bj po/s #b #h #af #aj po/ fill]s #b #d #af #h braces #b #f #ah #h purl9 po/s #b #h #h #h braces #b #d #i #b gable ties #b #f #ah #f /iff5]s #c #f #af ,two ,int]ior ,b5ts4 #d sills #b #h #cf 7or eight #b #h #ah7 #d sills #b #h #b #h po/s #b #h #af #h purl9 po/s #b #h #bd 7or twelve #b #h #af7 #d ro( supports #b #h #bb #d sub-supports #b #f #ag #d coll> braces #b #ab #e #h /ays #b #d #c #d ties #b #h #h #d ties #b #f #e #d ties #b #f #d #d braces #b #f #h ,two ,floor ,b5ts4 #d sills #b #h #cf 7or eight #b #h #ah7 #d sills #b #h #b #h po/s #b #h #af #h purl9 po/s #b #h #bd #d ro( supports #b #h #bb #d sub-supports #b #f #ag #d coll> braces #b #ab #e #h /ays #b #d #c #d ties #b #h #h #d ties #b #f #e #d ties #b #f #d #d braces #b #f #i #h joi/ be>]s #b #h #h ,side ,timb]s4 #d sills #b #h #bc #b sills #b #h #ad #bd nail]s #b #f #ab #d nail]s #b #h #ad #h plates #b #h #bc #d plates #b #h #ad #h purl9s #b #h #bc #d purl9s #b #h #ad #h c\pl+s #b #h #h #d c\pl+s #b #h #d #d braces #b #d #ab #af braces #b #d #g #h deck joi/ #b #h #ad ,floors1 sid+1 ro(+1 doors1 etc41 w be ! same z 9 o!r b>ns ( same dim5sions4 ,,e/imat$ ,,co/ ,,( ,,fram+4 ,=eman1 #b4ej p] day1 #c days #g4ej ,two j\rneym51 #b p] day1 #c days #f4jj ,two appr5tices1 #a4be p] day1 #c days #c4ge ---------- ,total #ag4be ,rais+ & ins]t+ braces1 #a day #e4ge ---------- ,total #bc4jj ,co/ ( complet+ same z o!r b>ns ( same dim5sions & /yle ( f9i%4 ,a ,plank ,frame ,appli$ to a ,skat+ ,r9k4 ,f ,n4 ,b41 ,sussex1 ,n4 ,b4--,we want to erect an auditorium1 #ej #bjj1 ) #af-;foot po/s & #ab-;foot %$s at ea* side = (fices1 wait+ rooms1 saloon1 etc4 ,we want gall]ies all ar\nd & a l>ge b& /& at "o end1 susp5d$ f ! ro(4 ,! build+ is to be us$ = a skat+ r9k 9 w9t] & = public meet+s dur+ ! summ]4 ,w ! plank frame sy/em describ$ 9 ,c>p5try & ,build+ be suitable = ! frame8 ,answ]4--,! above inquiry 0 submitt$ to ,mr4 ,%awv]1 :o contribut$ ! rec5t articles on plank frame con/ruction1 & 9 reply he says3 ,! plank frame is admirably adapt$ to su* a build+ z t describ$1 & c be q *eaply con/ruct$4 ,9 ,fig4 #a ( ! sket*es is %[n "o ( ! b5ts ne> ! end on :i* ! b& /& is locat$1 indicat+ ! mann] 9 :i* x is susp5d$ f ! ro( by ! rods ,a ,a1 toge!r ) truss rod ,b4 ,! gall]ies appe> at ei!r side1 above :i* & b5ea? ! eaves are ! w9d[s4 ,if light$ by dorm] w9d[s1 or if artificial light is employ$1 ! %$ ro(s may be ( ! same pit* & a cont9uation ( ! ro( ( ! ma9 build+1 9 :i* case ! gall]ies may ext5d back b5ea? ! ro( ( ! %$s1 & !y ne$ n ext5d out fur!r ?an ! purl9 po/s4 ,! sket*1 ,fig4 #b1 %[s an int]ior b5t )\t ! b& /&4 ,! end b5ts w be con/ruct$ 9 a mann] simil> to t %[n 9 ,figs4 #a & #b ( my article on plank frame b>ns4 ,a #bjj-;foot build+ %\ld h #ag b5ts plac$ #ab feet ap>t4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #a4--;,b5t ,ne> ! ,b& ,/&4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #b4--;,an ,int]ior ,b5t4 ,con/ruction ( ,plank ,frame ,basem5t ,b>n4 ,illu/ration3 ,basem5t ,plan4--,scale1 #a-af ,in* to ! ,foot4 ,f ,s4 ,h41 ,m9neapolis1 ,m9n4--,i w\ld l to h ! read]s exp]i5c$ 9 plank frame b>n con/ruction comm5t ^u ! plans ( ! basem5t b>n :i* ,i s5d h]e) & f :i* ,i int5d to build next summ]4 ,i w\ld l v mu* to "k ! weak po9ts ( ! b>n & ! be/ way to rem$y !m4 ,i ?9k ! draw+s %[+ ! plans & details are s cle> z to practically expla9 !mselves4 ,illu/ration3 ,elevation ( ,front ,fram+ ( ,b>n4--,scale1 ,in* to ! ,foot4 ,con/ruction ( ,plank ,frame ,basem5t ,b>n4--,floor ,plans4--,scale1 #a-af ,in* to ! ,foot4 ,illu/ration3 ,ma9 ,floor4--,scale1 #a-af ,in* to ! ,foot4 ,criticism ( ,plank ,frame ,b>n ,con/ruction4 ,f ,,john ,l4 ,,%awv]1 ,bellefonta9e1 ,ohio4--,9 response to ! wi% ( 8,s4 ,h410 ,m9neapolis1 ,m9n41 ,i (f] a few sugge/ions 9 connection ) 8 propos$ plank frame basem5t b>n4 ,x is well1 inde$1 t he %\ld insi/ on kn[+ :at he is do+1 = _m h made blund]s because !y attempt$ to build plank frames )\t hav+ fir/ inve/igat$ ! prop] me?od ( con/ruction4 ,too _m guess at x4 ,z pione]s 9 ?is "w1 we />t$1 #be ye>s ago1 on small /ructures1 & mon? by mon? /udi$ & contriv$ until a sy/em 0 evolv$ t is adapt$ to b>n /ructures ( any reasonable size4 ,ea* po9t has be5 c>efully te/$ z we proce$$1 & if n fully satisfactory 0 disc>d$ = some?+ bett]4 ,we n[ h ov] #gjjj /ructures 9 "s #dd ,/ates & prov9ces1 "s ( !m q l>ge1 & h receiv$ _m gratify+ te/imonials z to _! /r5g?1 durability & *eapness4 ,! floor plans submitt$ by 8,s4 ,h40 are v good 9 design & arrangem5t1 save t ! hay *utes are made to appe> directly ov] "o ( ! ma9 gird]s4 ,( c\rse1 ?is he w\ld discov] & rectify4 ,%\ld x be difficult to obta9 #h #h /uff = po/s & #h #aj = gird]s1 ! =m] may v easily be con/ruct$ ( two #b #h's & two #b #d's1 box patt]n1 ?us sav+ some?+ 9 mat]ials & risk f dry rot4 ,! gird]s might be made ( two #d #aj's1 or f\r #b #aj's1 leav+ an air space ( #b in*es 9 ! middle & sav+ ! necessity ( mak+ mortises4 ,! draw+s indicate ! use ( two #b #ab's & "o #b #h = cross sills1 ! #b #h be+ flat4 ,9 my op9ion1 ! #b #h is ne$less4 ,! plates are all flatwise1 :ile !y mu/ su/a9 mu* weight4 ,we pref] purl9 plates set on edge at "r angles ) ! comb9$ pressure ( bo? sets ( raft]s4 ,! ma9 plates we make ( ?ree #b #f in*1 or #b #h in*1 accord+ to ! size ( ! /ructure :5 on edge to su/a9 ! weight & two to su/a9 ! outw>d pressure ( ! ro( & ! cont5ts ( ! build+4 ,9 ?is case1 ! purl9s %\ld incl9e #de degrees4 ,! draw+s ( ! correspond5t indicate t ! nail]s are cut to fit betwe5 ! po/s1 9 :i* case !y mu/ be mortis$1 ga9$ or toe nail$4 ,! fir/ two require unnecess>y "w1 :ile ! latt] is n /rong en\gh4 ,if ! b5ts are con/ruct$ 9 ?ree sections1 !y w be t$i\s to raise 9 position4 ,if complet$ be=e rais+1 !y w be weak at ! purl9 plate4 ,! draw+s indicate also t /ag+ w\ld be requir$ 9 sett+ ! upp] frame1 & t q a l>ge am\nt ( ! "w is done z ! frame is be+ rais$4 ,9 our exp]i5ce we nev] use any /ag+1 & we d mo/ ( ! "w f ! gr\nd be=e beg9n+ to set = ! frame4 ,mo/ m5 c "w m rapidly on ! gr\nd1 ) all mat]ials h&y1 ?an !y c al(t1 :]e mat]ials mu/ be drawn up ) ropes4 ,i believe 8,s4 ,h40 c save en\gh on labor alone to pay 8 exp5ses to g to "s po9t & see "o ( our plank frame con/ructions4 ,besides1 he w f9d :]e9 he c greatly improve ^u 8 me?od ( con/ruction4 ,^? :o are )9 conv5i5t rea* to d s c visit ! b>n ( ,dr4 ,w4 ,i4 ,*amb]la91 ne> ,clevel&1 ,ohio1 :i* is easily accessible by railroad1 :ile ! doctor1 :o is "o ( ! editors ( ! ,ohio ,f>m]1 takes great delight 9 %[+ 8 b>n to visitors4 ,?is b>n1 :i* is #dj #hb feet 9 size1 requir$ f\r c>p5t]s two & a half days to frame & two h\rs & fifte5 m9utes to raise4 ,we d n usually give "n & address ( our patrons1 because x leads to mu* inconv5i5ce to !m4 ,%\ld any ( ! read]s write to ,dr4 ,*amb]la91 ,i w\ld sugge/ t !y inclose a /amp$ envelope1 prop]ly address$1 = reply4 ,criticism ( ,plank ,frame ,b>n ,con/ruction4 ,f ,j4 ,m4 ,b41 ,monroeton1 ,pa4--,9 ! ,decemb] issue ( ,c>p5try & ,build+1 page #cbg1 ! correspond5t 8,s4 ,h40 ( ,m9neapolis wants to "k ! weak po9ts ( 8 b>n frame1 a sket* ( :i* 0 pres5t$ 9 connection ) 8 communication4 ,i ?9k "o weak po9t is :at he calls ! plate 9 ! gable1 :i* is made ( two #b #h in* pieces1 equal to a #d #h in*1 ) a span ( at lea/ #cj feet betwe5 purl9 po/s1 :i* are only #b #f in*es4 ,9 my op9ion1 ) ! hay m[ fill$ ) hay1 ! gable w bulge or spr+ out1 z ! weight1 #de to #ej tons1 w ex]t q a pressure4 ,z to ! rem$y ,i am n s cle>4 ,he might use a flat truss or a beam l>ge en\gh to /& ! pressure2 "o1 say1 #af in*es wide at ! c5t] & tap]+ to #h in*es at ea* end4 ,i w say1 9 conclusion1 t ,i h _h no exp]i5ce ) plank frames4 ,is ! ,b>n ,frame ( ,suffici5t ,/r5g?8 ,f ,c4 ,g41 ,v]g5nes1 ,vt4--,i s5d h]e) a r\gh sket* ( b5t ( b>n :i* ,i int5d to put up 9 ! spr+4 ,x is #cj feet wide & has #bf-;foot po/s4 ,:at ,i wi% to "k is ?is3 ,is ! truss /rong en\gh to c>ry ! load t w be put ^u x8 ,i w\ld l to h ! 8wood but*]s0 take hold ( x & te> x ap>t & tell me :at to put 9 its place4 ,f ,,john ,l4 ,,%awv]1 ,bellefonta9e1 ,ohio4--,p]mit me to (f] a sub/itute = ! b>n frame propos$ by ! correspond5t 8,c4 ,g40 ( ,v]g5nes1 ,vt41 9 ! ,m>* issue ( ! pap]4 ,8 timb] trusses take up too mu* room1 & at ! same "t ! timb]s are too exp5sive = ?is day & age4 ,we place a little m timb] 9 ! joi/ be>] & pref] x 9 a diff]5t %ape4 ,he sugge/s #g #h in*es1 & ?is w\ld be #cj feet 9 l5g?4 ,we w\ld use ?ree #b #aj's1 & c\ld use any l5g?s to make ! #cj feet2 consequ5tly our timb]s c\ld be pur*as$ at mu* less co/4 ,in/ead ( ! #g #h in* truss timb]s we w\ld use two wire cables made ( galvaniz$ wire1 sev5 /r&s1 & d\bl$4 ,:ile we w\ld use a little heavi] po/s 9 ! /ables1 ! po/s ( ! sup]/ructure w\ld conta9 only ab\t "o-half z mu* mat]ial1 b ?is1 too1 we w\ld pref] ( diff]5t %ape4 ,9 place ( ! #g #h in* we w\ld use two #b #h's1 & in/ead ( ! beam we w\ld pref] ! ar* & ! angl+ purl9 po/s1 & ?us h ! int]ior entirely free f all timb]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,is ! ,b>n ,frame ( ,suffici5t ,/r5g?8 ,aft] #bj ye>s' exp]i5ce 9 build+ b>ns )\t ! cross beams x w\ld require peculi> conditions to induce u to use !m1 = !y are cont9u\sly 9 ! way1 bo? :5 /or+ away hay or gra9 & :5 gett+ ^! out aga9 = ! ?re%] or = ! fe$+ ( /ock4 ,! upp] portion ( ! frame submitt$ by 8,c4 ,g40 does n %[ any braces1 & we are at a loss to "k if !re is to be none1 or if ^! 7 omitt$ because x is n t portion ( ! /ructure t is "u consid]ation4 ,let me say1 h[ev]1 t t is "o ( ! mo/ preval5t mi/akes 9 ! con/ruction ( a b>n4 ,!re are too few braces1 & ! fir/ baby tornado t happ5s to pass t way w 8lay x out 9 f9e %ape40 ,:ile we use pl5ty ( braces1 !y are usually only #b #f in*es1 & s d n take timb] v rapidly4 ,! geometrical triangle is ! /ronge/ figure "o c secure1 & x is ) t idea always 9 m9d t we d our b>n "w4 ,b5ts = #ab-,sid$ ,plank ,frame ,b>n4 ,f ,j4 ,d41 ,ubly1 ,mi*4--,i s5d h]e) a r\gh sket*1 ,fig4 #a1 %[+ "o ( ! b5ts ( a #ab-sid$ plank frame b>n1 & w\ld l to h ! ar*itectural read]s ( ! pap] /ate :e!r or n x w be /rong en\gh = ! purpose1 &1 if n1 :]e9 *anges c be made to advantage4 ,note4--,) a view to obta9+ ! op9ion ( an exp]t :o has _h long exp]i5ce 9 ! con/ruction ( plank frame b>ns1 we submitt$ ! inquiry ( our correspond5t above to ,john ,l4 ,%awv]1 :o furni%es ! foll[+ 9 reply3 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! purl9 po/s 9 ! sket* ( ! correspond5t are s slop+ t :ile !y brace well !y are n 9 position to su/a9 ! mo/ weight1 & ^! ) ! ro( supports are s long t !y h to be splic$4 ,:ile ?is is easily done 9 ! case ( po/s1 x is n s readily p]=m$ ) supports1 &1 :5 s done1 x w n pres5t z attractive an appe>ance z w\ld o!rwise be ! case4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #a4--;,elevation ( ,b5t ,submitt$ by 8,j4 ,d40 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #b4--,"o ,=m ( ,plank ,frame ,sugge/$ by ,mr4 ,%awv]4 ,9 ! second place1 "o ( ! weake/ po9ts ab\t ! b>n is ! %ape4 ,x is true x w\ld be a novelty 9 mo/ communities1 b1 l ! r\nd b>ns1 is wa/eful ( mat]ial4 ,x is out ( ! "q to place joi/s1 raft]s1 floor+1 %ea?+1 ro(+1 c41 on b>ns ( ?is %ape )\t mu* wa/e ( bo? mat]ials & labor4 ,!n1 too1 x is next to impossible to provide = satisfactory light+ or v5tilation1 bo? ( :i* are ess5tial features 9 e up to date b>n4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #c4--,! ,pref]able ,/yle ( ,fram+4 ,! frame con/ruction indicat$ 9 ,fig4 #b is /rong]1 & at ! same "t gives m op5 space 9 ! int]ior1 ?is be+ secur$ by runn+ ! purl9 po/s up to ! fir/ purl9 plate1 in/ead ( to ! second1 & support+ ! second plate on ! truss brace4 ,?is saves 9 ! l5g?s ( ! purl9 po/s1 b requires ! same l5g? ( supports & long] sub-supports4 ,! =m ( con/ruction indicat$ 9 ,fig4 #c is1 9 my op9ion1 pref]able to ei!r ( ! o!rs1 if x is f\nd t ! v]tical po/s set 9 #aj feet w n 9 any way int]f]e ) ! purpose ( ! /ructure4 ,9 ?is case all ! timb]s are ei!r %ort5$ or plac$ 9 su* %ape t !y may be splic$ )\t 9 any way weak5+ ! /ructure4 ,:i*ev] =m may be us$ by ! correspond5t1 x is important 9 b5ts or ar*es ( ?is size t ! purl9 po/s %\ld be plac$ on ! inn] edge ) #b #f1 :i* w add mat]ially to ! /r5g? ( ! frame1 & at ! same "t prev5t any t5d5cy to spr+ sideways ei!r 9 ! rais+ or f ! pressure ( ! hay or gra9 )9 aft] ! build+ is complet$4