,,turner',s ,,water-,,colours ,,at ,,farnley ,,hall ,illustration3 colophon ,,text ,,by ,,alex4 ,j4 ,,finberg 8,,the ,,studio10 ,,ltd41 ,,london1 ,,paris1 ,,new ,,york ,sidenote3 ,,turner',s ,,personal ,,relations ,,with ,,mr4 ,w4 ,,fawke ,it is not known for certain exactly when or how ,turner became acquainted with ,mr4 ,walter ,ramsden ,hawksworth ,fawkes of ,farnley ,hall4 ,several biographers say that ,turner first met ,mr4 ,fawkes about #ahjb1 when the artist was in ,yorkshire making drawings for one of the series of topographical works dealing with parts of ,yorkshire which ,dr4 ,whitaker1 the vicar of ,whalley1 prepared and published4 ,but ,whitaker's 8,history of the ,parish of ,whalley10 which was published about this date1 contains no reference to ,farnley1 and deals with a part of ,yorkshire and ,lancashire at some distance from ,farnley4 ,the only book of ,dr4 ,whitaker which contains any illustrations connected with ,farnley ,hall is the 8,loidis and ,elmete10 published in #ahaf1 and we know that ,turner had become intimate with ,mr4 ,fawkes some years before this date4 ,the first certain piece of evidence connecting ,mr4 ,fawkes with ,turner is contained in some of the sketch-books used by the artist during his first tour in ,switzerland in the year #ahjb4 ,mr4 ,fawkes's name is not mentioned in full1 but a capital 8,f0 is written in ink on the margin or back of several of the drawings4 ,i take this to mean that a patron whose name began with 8,f0 had looked through ,turner's sketch-books at some time after his return to ,london1 and had selected certain subjects to be carried out from sketches thus marked4 ,that this patron was ,mr4 ,fawkes is established by the drawing made at ,chamounix1 which is inscribed in ,turner's handwriting 8,mer de ,glace1 avec le ,cabin de ,blair0 7page #bb of the 8,st4 ,gothard and ,mont ,blanc0 ,sketch-,book in the ,national ,gallery74 ,the finished water-colour now in the ,farnley ,hall ,collection1 entitled ,blair's ,hut on the ,montanvert and ,mer de ,glace1 is simply an amplification of this sketch4 ,other subjects in these sketch-books which ,turner carried out for ,mr4 ,fawkes are ,bonneville1 ,sallanches1 ,the ,falls of the ,reichenbach1 ,the ,valley of ,chamounix1 ,the ,fall of the ,staubbach1 ,the ,lake of ,lucerne from ,flelen1 ,the ,lake of ,brienz with the ,ruins of the ,castle of ,ringgenberg1 and ,grenoble4 ,the first point of connection between ,mr4 ,fawkes and ,turner thus seems to have been the scenery of ,switzerland and not that of ,yorkshire4 ,in a description ,i have seen of ,farnley ,hall and its treasures1 written soon after it came into the possession of ,mr4 ,walter ,fawkes1 the only pictures mentioned are a series of 8romantic landscapes in ,switzerland and ,italy1 admirably executed by ,warwick and ,smith40 ,the 8,warwick and ,smith0 of this description is probably a misprint for 8,warwick ,smith10 the name by which ,john ,smith1 one of the earlier ,english water-colour painters1 was generally known4 ,this series of ,smith's water-colours is still preserved in one of the lumber rooms at ,farnley ,hall4 ,the drawings represent generally the same subjects as those which ,turner treated4 ,smith's drawings are nearly all in monochrome1 and1 though they are not without merit1 they look very dull and old-fashioned when compared with the ,turners4 ,it seems to me1 therefore1 extremely probable that ,mr4 ,fawkes was first attracted to ,turner as the rising young artist of his day1 who was doing the same kind of work as ,warwick ,smith had done1 but who was doing it with much more imagination1 vigour1 and artistic skill4 ,if this surmise be correct1 ,turner made his first appearance at ,farnley ,hall as the successor and transplanter of ,warwick ,smith4 ,his artistic function was to replace ,smith's rather dull and laboured transcripts with his own brilliant and imaginative drawings4 ,the earliest of ,turner's works in the ,farnley ,hall ,collection is that of ,the ,mer de ,glace1 ,chamounix4 ,this is probably the drawing exhibited at the ,royal ,academy in #ahjc1 under the title 8,glacier and ,source of the ,arveron going up to the ,mer de ,glace1 in the ,valley of ,chamouni40 ,mr4 ,fawkes may have seen the drawing in the exhibition and bought it there or afterwards in the artist's studio4 ,in a small pocket-book of ,turner1 apparently in use about the year #ahjd1 there is a note that ,mr4 ,fawkes had bought three water-colours for fifty guineas each4 ,these are described by the artist as ,great ,devil's ,bridge ,causeway1 ,upper ,fall of ,riquenbach and ,mt4 ,blanc from ,st4 ,martin4 ,the first two subjects are still at ,farnley1 the third is probably the ,mt4 ,blanc from the ,val d',aosta which passed from the ,farnley ,collection before the present owner came into possession4 ,it was lent by ,sir ,donald ,currie to the exhibition of 8,old ,masters0 at the ,royal ,academy in #aijf4 ,an earlier entry in the same pocket-book is the record of a commission for a small oil picture of ,the ,bowland1 ,lancashire1 to be painted for ,mr4 ,lister ,parker4 ,mr4 ,parker was a neighbour of ,mr4 ,fawkes1 and that he was also an intimate friend is proved by the inscription on the back of a fine miniature of ,napoleon ,bonaparte1 which is still preserved at ,farnley ,hall4 ,this inscription states that the miniature was bought in ,paris in #ahjb1 and presented to ,mr4 ,fawkes in the same year by his sincere friend ,mr4 ,lister ,parker4 ,so it is probable that ,mr4 ,fawkes may have heard ,turner's work talked about by his ,yorkshire friends some time before he bought any of the artist's drawings1 and it is quite possible that he may have made ,turner's personal acquaintance through the intermediacy of those friends4 ,the next mention of ,mr4 ,fawkes's name in the ,turner sketch-books occurs in connection with the large mezzotint of ,turner's oil painting of ,the ,shipwreck 7now in the ,national ,gallery71 which the engraver1 ,charles ,turner1 executed and published in #ahjf-ahjg4 ,the name of 8,fawkes0 appears fifth in the list of subscribers to this plate1 the first four names being the 8,wells ,family10 ,sir ,william ,beechey1 ,mr4 ,swinburne1 and ,mr4 ,henderson4 ,mr4 ,lister ,parker's name appears lower down in the list4 ,it was probably in ,london that ,mr4 ,fawkes first met ,turner1 and the two men had very likely known each other for some time before ,turner was induced to pay a visit to his friend's home in ,yorkshire4 ,the first clear piece of evidence of ,turner being at ,farnley is in connection with ,mr4 ,hawksworth ,fawkes's story of the origin of ,turner's large oil painting 7now in the ,national ,gallery7 of ,hannibal crossing the ,alps4 ,this picture was exhibited at the ,royal ,academy in #ahab1 so the incident described in the following words by ,mr4 ,hawksworth ,fawkes--he was a boy at the time--must have taken place in #ahaj or #ahaa3 8,one stormy day at ,farnley ,turner called to me loudly from the doorway1 #8,hawkey6 ,hawkey6 come here6 come here6 look at this thunderstorm4 ,isn't it grand8--isn't it wonderful8--isn't it sublime8' ,all this time he was making notes of its form and colour on the back of a letter4 ,i proposed some better drawing-block1 but he said it did very well4 ,he was absorbed2 he was entranced4 ,there was the storm rolling and sweeping and shafting out its lightning over the ,yorkshire hills4 ,presently the storm passed1 and he finished4 #8,there6 ,hawkey1' said he1 #8in two years you will see this again1 and call it ,hannibal crossing the ,alps4'0 ,the earliest oil painting of ,turner's that ,mr4 ,fawkes bought was the beautiful sea-piece sometimes called ,the ,pilot ,boat1 and sometimes ,red ,cap4 ,this was exhibited1 in the 8one-man show0 ,turner held in his studio in #ahji1 under the title ,shoeburyness ,fishermen hailing a ,whitstable ,hoy4 ,there is a pen-and-ink sketch of this picture inside the cover of the 8,greenwich ,sketch-,book0 7c,i,i1 ,turner ,bequest71 and on the fly-leaf appears the following record of drawings made1 or to be made1 for ,mr4 ,fawkes3-- 8#d ,proofs of #8,liber ,studiorum4' ,mill4 ,sketch4 ,per ,contra #a ,mill4 ,drawing4 ,c4 ,draft4 #b ,bardon ,tower4 ,feb4 #bj4 #ajj40 #c ,farnley4 #d ,gordale4 #e ,rocks4 #g ,weathercote4 #h ,geneva4 #i ,bolton4 #aj ,thun40 ,and on page #eb of the same book there occurs the following still longer list3-- 8,mill1 finished4 ,mill1 sketch4 ,bardon ,tower4 ,armutic ,rock4 ,farnley4 ,gordale4 99,the ,strid4 ,weathercote4 99,bolton ,abbey1 ,west4 ,lac de ,thun4 ,lac de ,geneve4 ,ps4 ,v4 7,probably the ,swiss waterfall known as the 8,pisse ,vache47 99,bonneville4 ,ingleboro4 ,bolton4 ,blair's ,hut4 ,stourback4 7,evidently the ,fall of the ,staubbach47 ,mt4 ,blanc4 ,vevey4 ,grundelwald4 99,brintz40 7,the ,lake of ,brienz47 99 ,these are among the drawings selected for reproduction in the present publication4 ,these entries were made1 ,i am inclined to think1 either in the year #ahji or #ahaj4 ,it is easy to identify most of the drawings referred to in this list1 in spite of ,turner's rather arbitrary spelling4 ,i can1 however1 find no trace of the drawings described as ,armutic ,rock and ,gordale1 and ,i have never seen either the sketch or the finished drawing of the ,mill4 ,i am not even sure what mill it can have been4 ,it was probably the one at ,otley1 which stands close to the lodge at the entrance to the ,farnley ,hall grounds4 ,a ,view of ,otley ,mills1 with the ,river ,wharfe and ,mill ,weir1 said to have been presented by ,mr4 ,fawkes to the family of its owner1 was sold at ,christie's in ,june #ahij1 and bought by the famous ,french dealer1 ,m4 ,sedelmeyer4 ,it was probably this drawing to which ,mr4 ,fawkes refers in the only fragment of a letter in his handwriting which ,i have been able to discover among the ,turner papers in the ,national ,gallery4 ,the body of the letter has been destroyed1 but the last two paragraphs and the signature remain4 ,this fragment says3-- 8,by to-morrow's coach ,i shall send you a box containing two pheasants1 a brace of partridges1 and a hare--which ,i trust you will receive safe and good4 ,we have tormented the poor animals very much lately and now we must give them a holiday4 8,remember the ,wharfdales--everybody is delighted with your ,mill4 ,i sit for a long time before it every day4 8,ever very truly yrs41 ,w4 ,,fawkes40 ,the 8,wharfdales0 are evidently the series of drawings of ,wharfedale scenery which ,turner had in hand for ,mr4 ,fawkes4 ,the allusions to the drawing of the ,mill give us a clue to the real bond of union between the two men1 viz41 the patron's sincere and unaffected delight in the artist's work4 ,mr4 ,fawkes's liberality as a buyer of ,turner's work is demonstrated by some financial jottings made in one of his sketch-books 7,,cxxii1 ,turner ,bequest71 during the years #ahji and #ahaj4 ,in one of these statements of ,turner's assets ,mr4 ,fawkes is debited with #ejj1 in the other he is entered as the artist's debtor to the extent of #a1jjj4 ,in #ahaa ,turner threw himself enthusiastically into the project of writing a long poem extolling the beauties and recounting the history of all the chief places of interest on the southern coast of ,england4 ,the poem was to be illustrated by a series of engravings to be made from water-colours specially painted by the artist for the work4 ,the poem was never completed1 but ,turner seems to have spent the greater part of the summer of #ahaa wandering along the coast from ,christchurch1 in ,hampshire1 to ,land's ,end1 in ,cornwall1 diligently making hundreds of wonderfully delicate and accurate sketches1 and with equal diligence1 and perhaps just as much enjoyment to himself1 grinding out even a greater number of lame and halting lines of the most indifferent verse4 ,he returned along the northern sides of ,cornwall1 ,devon and ,somerset1 sketching and rhapsodizing upon the whole coast from ,penzance to the ,mendip ,hills4 ,this work and play must have kept him too busy to visit ,farnley that year4 ,turner was back in ,devonshire and ,cornwall in #ahac1 but ,i believe he managed to pay a rather lengthy visit to ,farnley in #ahab4 ,the 8,large ,farnley0 and 8,woodcock ,shooting0 ,sketch-,books 7,,cxxviii and ,,cxxix1 ,turner ,bequest7 seem to have been used on this occasion4 ,the water-colour of ,woodcock ,shooting 7painted for ,sir ,h4 ,pilkington1 and dated #ahac71 now in the ,wallace ,collection1 represents a winding road among tall spruce firs1 exactly like those which crown the rocky heights of the ,otley ,chevin4 ,in the latter of these two sketch-books there are several pencil drawings of the fir trees on the slopes of the ,chevin1 with figures of beaters and sportsmen carrying guns4 ,the former sketch-book contains drawings of ,mr4 ,fawkes's tent on the ,farnley moors1 with dogs1 guns1 game1 and ale barrels scattered in the foreground--notes from which the water-colour of this subject in the ,farnley ,collection was painted4 ,other pages of the same book contain beautiful drawings1 some of them partly finished in colour1 of ,farnley and ,wharfedale from ,caley ,park4 ,some loose leaves from this book were in the collection of the late ,mr4 ,j4 ,e4 ,taylor1 who presented one of them to ,sir ,frank ,short4 ,in #ahad ,turner was1 ,i believe1 too busy sketching the southern coast from ,hastings to ,margate1 and his 8,views in ,sussex01 to have much time for any lengthy visit to ,farnley4 ,but he was certainly there in #ahae1 as a passage in a letter to the ,rev4 ,h4 ,scott ,trimmer proves4 ,the letter is given in full in ,monkhouse's 8,turner0 7p4 #ij74 ,it is dated 8,tuesday1 ,aug4 #a1 #ahae40 ,in it ,turner says3 8,after next ,tuesday--if you have a moment's time to spare1 a line will reach me at ,farnley ,hall1 near ,otley1 ,yorkshire1 and for some time1 as ,mr4 ,fawkes talks of keeping me in the north by a trip to the ,lakes1 c41 until ,november40 ,the evidence of the sketch-books suggests that this trip to the ,lakes did not take place4 ,on the #dth ,january1 #ahaf1 ,mr4 ,walter ,fawkes married his second wife1 the widow of the ,hon4 and ,rev4 ,pierce ,butler4 ,fortunately for us this lady kept a diary1 which has been carefully preserved at ,farnley ,hall1 and which ,mr4 ,f4 ,h4 ,fawkes has very kindly placed at my disposal4 ,in this diary the names of all visitors were carefully noted1 together with the dates of their arrival and departure4 ,the diary was continued to the #cast ,december1 #ahch1 but ,turner's name does not occur in it after #ahbf4 ,but for the ten years between #ahaf and #ahbf this diary forms an extremely valuable record of ,turner's movements4 ,i propose1 therefore1 with ,mr4 ,fawkes's kind permission1 to publish1 for the first time1 all the entries which have reference to the great artist4 ,the first entries of this kind are the following3-- 8,wed4 #ag ,july #ahaf4 ,left ,farnley with ,walter1 ,maria1 ,amelia1 ,ayscough1 ,richard1 and ,mr4 ,turner4 ,met ,john ,parker at ,skipton1 where we slept and saw ,skipton ,castle4 ,thurs4 #ah ,july ,arrived at ,browsholme4 ,heavy rain4 ,fri4 #ai 0 ,rained all day4 ,sat in the house4 ,late in the evening walked a short way with ,john ,parker and ,mr4 ,turner4 ,sat4 #bj ,july ,walter drove me in curricle to the ,trough of ,bolland4 ,sun4 #ba 0 ,went to ,waddington ,church and after to see ,mrs4 ,clarke4 ,mon4 #bb 0 ,went with the girls to the ,trough to see them fish4 ,tues4 #bc 0 ,heavy rain4 ,drove with ,walter4 ,obliged to take shelter in a farmhouse4 ,walter bought a print of the ,prodigal ,son4 ,wed4 #bd 0 ,left ,browsholme4 ,got to ,malham ,village4 ,dreadful rain4 ,thurs4 #be 0 ,went to see ,gordale ,waterfall4 ,returned home4 ,heavy rain4 ,turner went on a sketching tour40 ,from the frequent references to the rain it is evident that the weather was bad1 and the lady does not seem to have enjoyed the excursion very much4 ,but the weather did not prevent ,turner from making the sketches he wanted4 ,the sketch-book labelled by him 8,yorkshire #b0 7,,cxlv1 ,turner ,bequest7 contains the drawings made on this occasion4 ,it is an ordinary-looking book1 bound in boards1 with brown leather back and corners4 ,the leaves1 which number nearly two hundred1 are #f in4 #c in4 size1 but only a hundred and sixty of them have been drawn on4 ,there are sketches of ,skipton ,castle at both ends of the book1 showing that ,turner was not at all particular about the order in which he made his sketches4 ,the drawings on pages #afj to #ahe represent views at ,skipton1 ,browsholme1 the ,trough of ,bolland 7or ,bowland1 as it is generally written71 and ,gordale ,scar4 ,but they are all rather hurried in character1 which corroborates ,mrs4 ,fawkes's account of the unfavourable nature of the weather4 ,at the end of the book ,turner has carefully made a list of the numbers and dates of the banknotes he carried with him to meet the expenses of his tour4 ,he took two twenty-pound notes1 four of ten pounds1 five of five1 and four smaller ones1 making #aaj in all4 ,there is also1 on the next page1 a note of the expenses incurred on the journey from ,london to ,leeds3-- 8,porterage #b #h ,fare to ,leeds #b #b ,coachman #a ,dinner at ,eaton #e #f ,coachman--,scrooby #a #f ditto #a ,breakfast1 ,doncaster #b #c ,brandy and water1 ,grantham #a #f ,coachman and ,guard #d #f ------------ #c #b #aa0 ,these items rather contradict ,thornbury's statements about the extreme meanness and parsimony of the artist's habits of travel4 ,i may also remark that the great painter's exuberant imagination has led him to overstate the total of his expenditure by the sum of one shilling4 ,taking leave of his friends at ,gordale1 ,turner set off by himself on a sketching tour to collect material for the illustrations to ,dr4 ,whitaker's projected 8,history of ,richmondshire40 ,his sketch-book shows that he struck over the hills to ,kilnsey ,crag and then crossed the wild road from ,wharfedale over the ,stake ,pass to ,semmer ,water4 ,from ,askrigg he made his way to ,richmond4 ,he was there on the #cast of ,july1 as we find him on that date writing to ,mr4 ,holworthy1 saying that his 8journey is extended1 rather than shortened1 by an excursion into ,lancashire40 ,the weather was still bad1 as we learn from a characteristic postscript to this letter1 which runs3--8,weather miserably wet4 ,i shall be web-foot like a drake--excepting the curled feather--but ,i must proceed northward4 ,adieu40 ,the sketch-book shows he did 8proceed northward0 as far as ,barnard ,castle1 and then1 turning into ,westmorland1 went south into ,lancashire1 after passing through ,appleby to ,kirkby ,lonsdale and ,heysham4 ,riding round ,morecambe ,bay1 and probably crossing the sands at low tide1 he seems to have got back to ,farnley by about the middle of ,august4 ,the diary does not give the date of ,turner's arrival at ,farnley1 but the shooting began on the #abth1 when 8all the gentlemen0 went to the moors1 and on the #acth an unfortunate gun accident wounded one of the party1 ,mr4 ,richard ,hawksworth4 ,on the #adth1 the diary tells us that 8,richard0 was 8pretty well20 on the #aeth the entry runs1 8,richard pretty well until evening4 ,sent for ,hey0 7the doctor71 8who said he was dying40 ,on the #afth 8,poor ,richard died at #e o'clock in the morning40 ,this sad event seems to have dispersed the house party1 the entries on ,saturday the #agth1 and ,monday #aith1 recording the guests' departures4 ,only 8,turner and ,john ,parker remained and ,miss ,coates40 ,on the #dth ,september ,turner wrote from ,farnley ,hall to his correspondent1 ,mr4 ,holworthy1 saying that 8having finished nearly what ,i proposed doing this season in ,yorkshire1 ,i think ,i can do myself the pleasure of waiting upon ,mr4 ,knight at ,langold within a fortnight40 ,this gentleman was evidently ,mr4 ,h4 ,gally ,knight1 whose sketch of the ,temple of ,jupiter in the ,island of gina had formed the basis of ,turner's large oil painting of this subject which was exhibited at the ,royal ,academy in #ahaf4 ,langold is two miles beyond ,carlton1 near ,tickhill1 ,yorkshire4 ,on the #aath ,september ,turner writes to the same correspondent1 saying that he intends to leave ,farnley on 8,sunday morning next0 and that1 if 8,mr4 ,knight is not at ,langold1 ,i will be at ,belvoir on the ,tuesday following40 ,that ,turner carried out at least the first part of his plan is proved by the entry in the diary1 8,mr4 ,turner went away10 under the date of ,sunday1 #aeth ,september4 ,the water-colours ,turner made from the sketches taken during this year are among the sunniest and happiest of his works4 ,the lovely ,hornby ,castle from ,tatham ,church 7now in the ,victoria and ,albert ,museum71 and the ,crook of the ,lune 7in the ,rev4 ,w4 ,macgregor's collection7 are perhaps the finest now existing of this series4 ,but the happiness and pure enjoyment of life that breathe through these drawings must have been due to the artist's memories and associations1 rather than to his actual experiences of the places represented1 for the weather seems to have been consistently bad during the whole of this summer and autumn4 ,in the letter to ,mr4 ,holworthy referred to above1 ,turner wrote that his present trip had been 8a most confounded fagg40 ,though he was on horseback1 he added1 8the passage out of ,teesdale leaves everything far behind for difficulty--,bogged most compleatly1 ,horse and its ,rider1 and nine hours making #aa miles40 ,and in another part of the same letter1 he wrote1 8,as to weather1 there is nothing inviting1 it must be confessed4 ,rain1 rain1 rain1 day after day4 ,italy deluged1 ,switzerland a wash-pot1 ,neufchatel1 ,berne and ,morat ,lakes all in one--all chance of getting over the ,simplon or any of the passes now vanished like the morning mist40 ,so the writer had evidently nursed some project of going to ,italy in the latter part of this year1 a project which he was not able to carry out till two years later4 ,the year #ahag saw the addition of a very important series of fifty drawings to ,mr4 ,walter ,fawkes's already large collection4 ,these were the famous ,rhine drawings4 ,the date of their execution is given incorrectly in ,thornbury1 but the newly-discovered evidence of the sketch-books and an entry in ,mrs4 ,fawkes's diary enable us to correct ,thornbury's inaccuracies4 ,thornbury says these drawings 8were done at the prodigious rate of three a day10 and in support of this statement he adds that ,turner was away only for a fortnight1 and that 8after landing at ,hull he came straight to ,farnley1 where1 even before taking off his great-coat1 he produced the drawings1 in a slovenly roll from his breast pocket2 and ,mr4 ,fawkes bought the lot for some #ejj1 doubtless to ,turner's delight1 for he could not bear that any series of his should be broken40 ,but a kind of rough diary of ,turner's movements in the 8,itinerary ,rhine ,tour ,sketch-,book0 7,,clix1 ,turner ,bequest7 says that the artist 8left ,london0 on ,sunday1 #ajth ,august1 was 8off ,margate0 on ,monday1 #aath1 and reached ,brussels ,thursday evening1 on the #adth4 ,he spent ,saturday1 visiting the ,field of ,waterloo1 and1 taking the diligence on ,sunday1 passed through ,lige and ,aix-la-,chapelle1 reaching ,cologne on the #ahth4 ,on ,tuesday he walked to ,bonn1 and on the following day to ,remagen4 ,he was at ,coblenz on ,thursday and ,friday1 the #bast and #bbnd1 at ,st4 ,goar on the next two days1 and at ,mayence on the #beth and #bfth4 ,he returned to ,st4 ,goar on the #bgth1 and1 passing through ,coblenz on the #bhth1 he reached ,cologne on the #bith1 and left it the next day1 returning through ,aix and ,lige4 ,he was at ,antwerp on the #bnd and #crd of ,september1 and at ,rotterdam on the #dth and #eth1 from whence he made his way to ,the ,hague and ,amsterdam4 ,the notes against the dates to the #aeth ,september are too elliptical and undecipherable to convey any information1 but even if the artist did take the boat from ,holland to ,hull 7the most probable route of his return7 immediately on or after this date1 it is clear that he did not go straight from there to ,farnley4 ,he had some work to do in ,durham before he could go there--sketches to make of ,gibside and ,hylton ,castle1 the seats of the ,earl of ,strathmore1 and of ,raby ,castle1 the seat of the ,earl of ,darlington1 to illustrate ,surtees' 8,history of the ,county of ,durham40 ,he had also a commission to paint a large oil picture of the latter castle for its owner1 a picture which duly appeared on the walls of the ,royal ,academy in the following year4 ,a passage in a letter to ,mr4 ,holworthy1 written on the #bast ,november1 #ahag1 says that 8,lord ,strathmore call'd at ,raby and took me away to the ,north10 thus keeping him in ,durham longer than he had expected4 ,in this way ,turner did not reach ,farnley till the middle of ,november4 ,mrs4 ,fawkes's diary tells us that she and her husband 8went to ,thorp ,ash0 on ,thursday1 #acth ,november1 and on the #aeth the entry runs1 8,heavy rain4 ,returned home4 ,found ,mr4 ,turner and ,greaves here40 ,it is evident that ,turner stayed there for about a week1 as the letter of the #bast ,november is dated from ,farnley ,hall1 but it is probable that he did not remain much longer1 as he was clearly anxious to get back home and to work1 for he says in this letter1 8,the season is far spent1 the night of winter near at hand1 and ,barry's words are always ringing in my ears--#8,get home and light your lamp4'0 ,the object of ,thornbury's statements about ,turner being away only for a fortnight1 and going straight to ,farnley after landing at ,hull1 is evidently to corroborate his assertion that the fifty drawings were done 8at the prodigious rate of three a day40 ,no one who has studied these beautiful drawings at all carefully could believe such a statement4 ,but the evidence of ,turner's own memoranda proves that he only spent twelve days visiting the places on the ,rhine which he has represented4 ,he occupied from the #ahth of ,august to the #cjth sketching between ,cologne and ,mayence4 ,so if we look at the matter from ,thornbury's point of view we are entitled to say that the fifty water-colours were done1 not at the prodigious rate of three a day1 but at the prodigious rate of more than four a day4 ,but such a conclusion clearly overlooks the important difference between a sketch from nature and a finished drawing4 ,in the twelve days ,turner spent on the ,rhine he certainly made the sketches for the fifty drawings ,mr4 ,fawkes bought2 and1 in addition1 he also made the sketches--numbering something between a hundred and fifty and two hundred--which we find in the three sketch-books1 8,itinerary ,rhine ,tour10 8,waterloo and ,rhine10 and 8,the ,rhine0 7,,clix1 ,,clx1 ,,clxi1 ,turner ,bequest71 preserved in the ,national ,gallery4 ,but it is evident the ,farnley water-colours were not painted from nature4 ,they were elaborated from pencil sketches somewhere between the end of ,august and the #acth ,november1 possibly at inns--for ,turner could work anywhere and under any conditions--or possibly when staying with ,lord ,darlington at ,raby ,castle1 or with ,lord ,strathmore at ,hylton ,castle or ,gibside4 ,such drawings as ,johannesberg1 ,sonneck and ,baccharach1 ,mayence and ,cassel1 and the rest1 are not hurried sketches from nature1 but carefully pondered and perfectly elaborated works of art4 ,in some few cases parts of the sky or distance may have been painted from nature1 but they all owe much of their charm and beauty to the consummately skilful labour which the artist lavished upon them in the intervals of travel1 during the two months which elapsed between his departure from ,cologne and his arrival at ,farnley ,hall near the beginning of ,november4 ,when ,turner wrote to ,mr4 ,holworthy from ,farnley ,hall1 8,the season is far spent1 the night of winter near at hand1 and ,barry's words are always ringing in my ears--#8,get home and light your lamp1'0 his mind was evidently full of ideas of pictures he was anxious to carry out4 ,the subject-matter of three important oil paintings--the large view of ,raby ,castle for the ,earl of ,darlington1 the serenely beautiful evening effect of ,the ,dort ,packet-,boat from ,rotterdam becalmed1 which he painted for ,mr4 ,fawkes 7and which is shown hanging over the fireplace1 in the position it still occupies to-day1 in the water-colour of ,the ,drawing-room at ,farnley1 which was reproduced and published in the ,march number of ,,the ,,studio71 and the imaginative composition of ,the ,field of ,waterloo1 showing the ground 8,covered thick with other clay ,which her own clay shall cover1 heaped and pent ,rider and horse1 friend1 foe1 in one red burial blent40 --was seething in his mind and crying out for definite embodiment4 ,these pictures were ready for exhibition at the ,royal ,academy in ,may #ahah4 ,in ,june ,mr4 ,fawkes and his wife were in ,london4 ,two of ,mr4 ,fawkes's sons by his first marriage were at ,eton1 so we find the following entry in ,mrs4 ,fawkes's diary on the #dth of ,june3 8,went to ,eton to see the boat-race4 ,dined and slept at ,salt ,hill4 ,little ,turner came with us40 ,that 8little0 ,turner's thoughts were not taken up entirely with the boat-race and the social pleasures of the visit is proved by the lovely sepia drawing of ,windsor ,castle from ,salt ,hill1 which was admirably engraved by ,charles ,turner for the 8,liber ,studiorum10 though it was never published4 ,soon after this visit to ,eton ,turner went to ,scotland to make sketches to illustrate 8,the ,provincial ,antiquities of ,scotland10 for which ,sir ,walter ,scott 7then plain ,mr4 ,scott7 had agreed to furnish the letterpress4 ,scott would have preferred the employment of his friend the ,rev4 ,john ,thomson1 of ,duddingston1 as the illustrator of this work1 but ,lockhart and the publishers stood out for ,turner4 ,scott finally gave way and wrote that he 8supposed he must acquiesce0 in the selection of ,turner1 8because he was all the fashion40 ,turner's subjects were chosen for him and the work proved remarkably successful4 ,turner's exquisite water-colours were presented by the publishers to ,sir ,walter ,scott1 who had them all framed together 7in a very unsuitable way1 it must be confessed7 and kept them hung in his study at ,abbotsford until his death4 ,there is no mention in the diary of any visit of ,turner to ,farnley ,hall in #ahah1 but it is probable that he called there on his way back from ,scotland4 ,the water-colour of ,a ,first ,rater taking in ,stores1 which is said to have been painted at ,farnley ,hall1 is dated #ahah4 ,the water-colour drawing of ,the ,drawing-room at ,farnley1 to which ,i have already referred1 must also have been painted that year1 as the picture of ,dort could not have been in its place before then1 and the drawing was included in the exhibition of ,turner's works which ,mr4 ,fawkes held in ,april #ahai4 ,to appreciate fully the importance of this exhibition it will be necessary for us to glance for a moment at the conditions of artistic patronage in this country during the earlier years of the nineteenth century4 ,as we had no ,national ,gallery then1 opportunities for becoming familiar with the works of the great ,european painters of the past were extremely limited4 ,with a view to educating the taste of the public1 some of the artists made the suggestion that the nobility and gentry1 who owned collections of works by the old masters1 should admit the public to their galleries or houses on a certain day in each week during the fashionable season4 ,the ,marquess of ,stafford and ,earl ,grosvenor acted upon this suggestion4 ,but after a time complaints were made that the taste for the old masters was prejudicial to the claims for recognition of the living native artists of the day4 ,to redress the balance ,lord de ,tabley1 who had formed a fine collection of exclusively ,british paintings1 decided to throw open his gallery to the public4 ,many of his friends tried to dissuade him from doing this1 as they thought that the ,british ,school could not emerge with credit from the inevitable comparisons which would be made with the more famous ,schools of the ,continent4 ,but he invited and allowed the public to visit his gallery on one day in the week during the season of #ahah4 ,his experiment was so successful that it was repeated the following year4 ,william ,carey1 a dealer who had assisted ,lord de ,tabley in forming his collection1 tells us that 8the splendour of the ,british ,school produced a favourable conviction on the minds of foreign visitors4 ,the effect was indescribable4 ,it increased on each year of the exhibition1 and the periodical press1 in bearing testimony to the general enthusiasm which seized all the upper classes1 rapidly spread the fame of the ,british ,school through the ,empire0 78,some ,memoirs of the ,patronage and ,progress of the ,fine ,arts10 c41 published in #ahbf74 ,the success of ,lord de ,tabley's bold experiment seems to have suggested to ,mr4 ,walter ,fawkes the idea of admitting the public to see the large collection of ,english water-colours he had formed4 ,the writer referred to above tells us that he 8had the pleasure of hearing ,mr4 ,fawkes mention his intended exhibition to a small circle of amateurs1 with a doubt whether the public would approve of paintings in water-colours without any pictures in oil4 ,some gentlemen replied hesitatingly2 but the approbation of ,his ,royal ,highness the ,duke of ,gloucester1 who was present1 determined the question4 ,lord de ,tabley gave the plan his instant and warm concurrence4 ,mr4 ,thomas ,lister ,parker1 of ,browsholme ,hall1 was equally prompt in his assent4 ,the drawings were first displayed in an evening when the apartments were judicially illuminated4 ,mr4 ,fawkes issued cards of invitation for the private view only1 and1 notwithstanding that he was particularly select1 the spacious suite of rooms was too small to receive the company4 ,the effect was very striking4 ,it was generally remarked that ,grosvenor ,place never before beheld such a blaze of beauty of fashion1 or such a splendid assemblage of distinguished public characters1 as on that evening1 and on the subsequent days of exhibition40 ,the first and second rooms of the suite were filled with drawings by ,de ,wint1 ,j4 ,c4 ,ibbetson1 ,t4 ,heaphy1 ,glover1 ,havell1 ,robson1 ,hills1 ,prout1 ,atkinson1 and ,warwick ,smith4 ,the principal apartment1 the largest in size and the last to be entered1 was hung entirely with drawings by ,turner4 ,i will not venture to quote ,carey's rhapsodical description of these drawings4 ,it is every whit as rapturous and enthusiastic as any of the purple patches penned by 8,a ,graduate of ,oxford0 some fourteen or fifteen years later1 but it has nothing of ,ruskin's eloquence or felicity of literary expression4 ,still the following remarks1 from ,carey's useful book1 are1 ,i think1 worth quoting3 8,turner the enchanter1 whose magic pencil had created the chief wonders of this temple1 was frequently there4 ,nature1 in endowing his mind1 appears to have been indifferent to his person2 but his brow is a page on which the traits of his high calling are stamped in capital letters1 and his dark eyes sparkle with the fires of inspiration4 ,he generally came alone2 and while he leaned on the centre table in the great room1 or slowly worked his rough way through the mass1 he attracted every eye in the brilliant crowd1 and seemed to me like a victorious ,roman ,general1 the principal figure in his own triumph4 ,perhaps no ,british artist ever retired from an exhibition of his works1 with so much reason for unmixed satisfaction1 or more genuine proofs of well-deserved admiration from the public40 ,carey adds1 8,it is more than seven years since ,i saw this extraordinary exhibition2 and even now the remembrance affects me44440 ,and after a page or two of rather turgid bombast he winds up with the nave remark1 8,i own ,i am an enthusiastic worshipper of ,turner's genius40 ,the references to ,turner in ,mrs4 ,fawkes's diary for this time are extremely limited4 ,we learn from it that the family came to the house in ,grosvenor ,place in ,march4 ,on ,sunday1 #gth ,march1 the entry runs3 8,went with girls to ,belgrave ,chapel4 ,mr4 ,parker1 ,alston1 ,turner1 and ,mr4 ,miller dined with us40 ,the entry on ,tuesday1 #acth ,april1 is3 8,very wet day1 ,gallery opened in ,grosvenor ,place4 #ast day40 ,during the next few weeks a number of dinner parties are recorded1 but no names of the guests are mentioned4 ,we may take it for granted that ,turner was frequently present on these occasions4 ,after the exhibition ,mr4 ,fawkes had a catalogue published of the drawings included in the show4 ,the catalogue was dedicated 8,to ,j4 ,m4 ,w4 ,turner1 ,esq41 ,r4,a41 ,p4,p410 in the following graceful letter3-- 8,my dear ,sir1 8,the unbought and spontaneous expression of the public opinion respecting my collection of water-colour drawings decidedly points out to whom this little catalogue should be inscribed4 ,to you1 therefore1 ,i dedicate it3 first1 as an act of duty1 and secondly1 as an ,offering of ,friendship3 for be assured ,i never can look at it without intensely feeling the delight ,i have experienced during the greater part of my life from the exercise of your talent1 and the pleasure of your society4 8,that you may year after year reap an accession of fame and fortune is the anxious wish of 8,your sincere friend1 ,w4 ,,fawkes40 8,london1 ,june1 #ahai4 ,the family copy of this catalogue was illustrated with a frontispiece and two water-colours by ,turner1 one a view of ,london from the ,windows of #de1 ,grosvenor ,place1 the other a view of the ,drawing-room of #de1 ,grosvenor ,place4 ,to understand properly the importance of this exhibition to ,turner's reputation as a water-colour painter1 we must bear in mind that since his election as a member of the ,royal ,academy he had been known to the public primarily as an oil painter2 and he had held aloof from the newly-established ,water-,colour ,society1 and had1 therefore1 no regular opportunities for submitting his water-colour drawings to the public4 ,mr4 ,fawkes's friendly exhibition1 held under the most fortunate social conditions1 firmly established ,turner's position as the foremost water-colour painter of his time1 and enabled him to produce1 during the next twenty years1 those marvellous series of drawings which are so eagerly sought after by collectors of the present day1 and so warmly appreciated and enjoyed by all who care for the higher achievements of the ,fine ,arts4 ,in the summer of #ahai ,turner paid his first visit to ,italy4 ,he went from ,calais to ,paris1 followed the usual coach route to ,turin1 and1 having explored the north ,italian lakes1 he reached ,venice by way of ,milan and ,brescia4 ,he must have spent some time in ,venice to judge from the large number of sketches he made there4 ,making his way along the coast of the ,adriatic he turned inland at ,ancona1 and following the high post road through ,recanati and ,macerata1 entered the ,via ,flaminia at ,foligno1 and saw ,rome for the first time1 probably some time in ,september or ,october4 ,from ,rome he explored ,frascati and ,tivoli1 and made a tour to ,naples1 ,pompeii and ,herculaneum4 ,he left ,rome in ,december1 visited ,florence1 and re-crossed the ,alps on the #bdth ,january #ahbj4 ,he returned through ,piedmont and ,france1 and we find him dining at ,grosvenor ,place with the ,fawkses on ,saturday1 #abth ,february4 ,during the next few months he must have been frequently in the society of his friends1 as his name constantly recurs in the entries of ,mrs4 ,fawkes's diary4 ,the following extracts will speak for themselves3-- 8,monday1 #adth ,feb41 #ahbj4 ,went a large party to see the ,panorama of ,lausanne4 ,turner and ,mr4 ,lomax dined with us4 ,sunday1 #bgth ,feb4 ,b4 ,king1 ,e4 ,parker1 ,turner1 ,mr4 ,lomax and ,w4 ,beaumont dined with us4 ,sunday1 #ith ,april4 ,drove out with ,walter to ,whitly and ,turner's ,garden4 ,e4 ,parker dined with us4 ,sunday1 #cjth ,april4 ,mr4 ,swinburne1 ,parker1 ,turner dined with us4 ,sunday1 #gth ,may4 ,walter out in ,phaeton4 ,mr4 ,swinburne1 ,parker1 ,turner and ,alston and ,mills dined with us4 ,sunday1 #bast ,may4 ,lord ,belmore came to pay a visit4 ,maria and ,i went to ,warwick ,st4 ,chapel4 ,turner and ,swinburne dined with us4 ,monday1 #eth ,june4 ,walter1 two of the girls1 and ,i went to ,salt ,hill4 ,saw the ,boat ,race4 ,young ,knight fell from his horse4 ,broke his arm4 ,fine day4 ,wet afternoon4 ,mr4 ,swinburne and ,turner4 ,tuesday1 #dth ,july4 ,to ,greenwich4 ,traceys1 ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,alston1 ,turner1 ,sir ,francis ,d4 ,kinnaird4 ,all the party drank tea in ,grosvenor ,place4 ,fine day1 not hot40 ,turner's visit to ,italy did not have a very beneficial effect upon his art4 ,he came back with a mass of material and then seems to have been puzzled to know what to do with it all4 ,the ,bay of ,bai1 the first important oil painting which he produced after this visit1 is overloaded with detail1 and the design possesses no organic unity4 ,the best artistic results of the journey were a few water-colours painted for ,mr4 ,fawkes4 ,the ,rialto1 ,venice1 a brilliant drawing1 though overcrowded with facts1 is interesting as ,turner's first ,venetian picture done from his own sketches--the drawing of the same subject engraved in ,hakewill's 8,italy0 having been made from camera-obscura tracings furnished by ,hakewill4 ,the ,interior of ,st4 ,peter's1 ,rome1 is a wonderful drawing1 remarkable for the sense of height and space obtained by taking deliberate liberties with the laws of perspective4 ,the view of ,the ,colosseum1 ,rome1 is exquisite in colour and effect4 ,the best inspired of all the drawings produced this year 7#ahbj7 is1 however1 ,the ,passage of ,mont ,cenis1 in which the contrast between the frightened passengers in the diligence1 with its wildly plunging horses1 and the gleaming peaks of the frozen mountains1 is emphasized with extraordinary skill and eloquence4 ,these drawings practically completed the ,farnley ,hall collection4 ,turner's friendship with ,mr4 ,fawkes continued unabated till the latter's death in #ahbe1 but the only drawings added to the collection after #ahbj are interesting rather on private and personal grounds than for their artistic importance4 ,they are mere records of relics of the ,civil ,war preserved at ,farnley1 or vignette illustrations1 the poetical or historical compilations with which members of the ,fawkes family amused their leisure4 ,i do not think ,i can better conclude this account of ,turner's personal relations with ,mr4 ,walter ,fawkes than by placing on record the remaining entries in ,mrs4 ,fawkes's diary in which the artist is either directly or indirectly referred to4 ,in #ahba the family came to ,mr4 ,fawkes's ,london house on ,wednesday1 #bast ,march1 8at #d o'clock40 ,the next day1 ,thursday1 8,turner and ,parker dined with us40 ,on ,thursday1 #bast ,june1 the entry runs3 8,went to ,eton with ,walter1 the girls1 ,mr4 ,swinburne and ,turner40 ,the family left ,london on #bcrd ,july1 and ,turner does not seem to have seen them till he went up to ,farnley to spend ,christmas with them4 8,mr4 ,turner came0 is entered against ,sunday1 #bcrd ,december1 but the date of his departure is not given4 ,in #ahbb the family arrived at ,grosvenor ,place on #ajth ,april4 ,on ,sunday1 the #adth1 8,mr4 ,alston1 ,turner and ,g4 ,wentworth dined with us40 ,the #bjth of ,june was a great day for the family4 ,on that day ,miss ,anne ,fawkes1 the youngest of ,mr4 ,fawkes's daughters by his first marriage1 was married to ,mr4 ,godfrey ,wentworth1 of ,woolley ,park1 co4 ,york4 ,there were twenty-three guests present at the dinner given in honour of this event1 among them several ,lords and ,ladies and 8,mr4 ,turner40 ,the entry in the diary on this day is brief but eloquent4 ,it runs3 8,anne and ,godfrey married4 ,a very long day4 ,had a large party to dinner4 ,all tipsey40 ,turner's name does not appear in the diary during the whole of #ahbc1 nor in #ahbd till the end of the year1 when he went to ,farnley for nearly a month4 ,the following entries speak for themselves3-- 8,friday1 #ai ,nov4 #ahbd4 ,turner came4 ,tuesday1 #ad ,dec4 0 ,mr4 ,turner went away4 ,monday1 #c ,jan4 #ahbe4 ,left ,farnley for ,baker ,street4 ,thursday1 #f 0 0 ,arrived in ,london4 ,saturday1 #h 0 0 ,mr4 ,parker and ,turner came to dinner4 ,sunday1 #i 0 0 ,foggy1 nasty day4 ,mr4 ,turner dined with us4 ,sunday1 #af 0 0 ,mr4 ,turner dined with us4 ,sunday1 #cj 0 0 ,walked to ,hanover ,square to see the ,wentworths4 ,mr4 ,turner dined with us4 ,monday1 #ca 0 0 ,mr4 ,sapio came to teach ,eliza4 ,hawksworth went to ,windsor4 ,turner and ,mr4 ,woodhouse dined with us4 ,h4's birthday4 ,sunday1 #f ,feb4 0 ,turner dined with us4 ,sunday1 #bj 0 0 ,mr4 ,lister1 ,turner and ,dr4 ,bree dined4 ,wednesday1 #b ,march 0 ,walter's birthday4 ,charles and ,fanny ,brandling1 ,mr4 ,creevy1 ,turner1 ,mr4 ,alston and ,rowland dined with us4 ,sunday1 #ac ,march1 #ahbe4 ,mr4 ,parker and ,mr4 ,turner dined with us and ,john ,ibbetson and ,mr4 ,wharton4 ,sunday1 #c ,april 0 ,turner1 ,anne and ,godfrey dined with us4 99 99 99 ,went to ,baker ,street ,chapel with ,fanny and ,eliza4 ,wednesday1 #f 0 0 ,hawksworth and ,eliza married at ,st4 ,george's by the ,a4 bishop of ,york4 ,we had a large dinner party and the ,infant ,lyra in the evening4 ,sunday1 #ag 0 0 ,fanny ,b4 and ,hawkey called4 ,drove with ,fanny ,brandling to ,mr4 ,clarke's house4 ,his first visit4 ,t4 ,parker and ,turner dined with us4 ,friday1 #bb 0 0 ,tom ,parker and ,mr4 ,turner dined with us4 ,a ball at ,mrs4 ,stanhope's4 ,did not go4 ,sunday1 #a ,may1 #ahbe4 ,ill4 ,mr4 ,lister1 ,c4 ,brandling1 ,edward ,parker and ,mr4 ,turner dined with us4 ,sunday1 #ae 0 0 ,mr4 ,wodehouse and ,turner dined with us4 ,ayscough came from ,oxford4 ,friday1 #c ,june 0 ,walter was this evening condemned to his bed4 ,he kissed me and cried bitterly4 ,came back several times to kiss and said he knew he never more should get out of it4 ,i passed a wretched night4 ,sunday1 #ad ,aug4 0 ,mr4 ,alston and ,turner dined4 ,saturday1 #bg 0 0 ,turner dined in ,baker ,street4 ,said he was going next morning to the ,hague40 ,this entry enables us to date with certainty the 8,holland ,sketch-,book0 7,,ccxiv7 in the ,national ,gallery4 ,mr4 ,walter ,fawkes died on the #beth of ,october of this year1 probably before ,turner got back to ,london from his tour in ,holland4 ,mrs4 ,fawkes spent a few days in ,london in ,may the following year1 and ,turner dined with her on two occasions1 on ,tuesday the #bnd and ,sunday the #gth of ,may4 ,the diary was continued till #cast ,december1 #ahch1 but ,i can find no further mention in it of ,turner's name4 ,thornbury says1 8,turner was so sensitive that he could never make up his mind to visit ,farnley after his old friend's death40 ,and we have ,ruskin's testimony that ,turner could never speak of the ,wharfe1 about whose shores the shadows of old thoughts and long-lost delights hung like morning mist1 but his voice faltered4 99 99 99 99 99 ,sidenote3 ,,turner',s ,,relations ,,with ,,mr4 ,h4 ,,fawkes ,on the death of ,mr4 ,walter ,fawkes ,farnley ,hall passed to his son1 ,mr4 ,francis ,hawksworth ,fawkes4 ,he was a boy when ,turner first became friendly with the family4 ,he had romped1 walked1 shot with ,turner1 and had sat at his elbow while he was making many of the wonderful drawings in the ,farnley ,collection4 ,no doubt young ,hawksworth was one of the party in the carriage which ,turner insisted upon driving tandem from the shooting tent on the ,farnley moors1 and which he managed to capsize 8amid shouts of good-humoured laughter--an exploit which earned the artist the nickname of 8,over-,turner40 ,it was to young 8,hawkey0 that ,turner called one day in #ahaj1 when he stood on the terrace at ,farnley watching the storm rolling and shafting out its lightning over the ,wharfedale hills--the storm effect he was to paint in his picture of ,hannibal ,crossing the ,alps4 ,the same boy sat watching him for three hours as he sat one morning between breakfast and lunch-time making the beautiful drawing of ,a ,first-,rater taking in ,stores1 the artist all the time 8working like a madman0 and 8tearing up the sea with the eagle-claw of a thumbnail40 ,it was young ,hawksworth who induced his father to buy the large oil painting of ,dort from the exhibition of #ahah4 ,after ,turner's death1 ,mr4 ,hawksworth ,fawkes furnished ,thornbury with the following account of his connection with the great artist4 8,when ,turner was so much here 7at ,farnley7 in my father's lifetime1 ,i was but a boy1 and not of an age to appreciate or interest myself in the workings of his mind or pencil4 ,my recollection of him in those days refers to the fun1 frolic1 and shooting we enjoyed together1 and which1 whatever may be said by others of his temper and disposition1 have proved to me that he was1 in his hours of distraction from his professional labours1 as kindly-minded a man and as capable of enjoyment and fun of all kinds as any that ,i ever knew4 8,though often invited1 ,turner never came here after my father's death2 and1 as ,i have seldom gone to ,london1 our meetings since ,i had learnt his value had been few and far between3 but up to the last time that ,i saw him1 about a year before his death1 he was always the same to me that ,i had known him in my boyhood1 always addressed me by my boy name1 and seemed ever anxious to express in his kindness to me his attachment to my father1 and still glowing recollections of his #8auld lang syne' here40 ,thornbury says that when ,mr4 ,hawksworth ,fawkes visited ,london 8he would go and sit in the ,queen ,anne ,street gallery for hours1 but he was never shown into the painting-room4 ,on one occasion he invited ,turner to dinner at a ,london hotel1 when he took1 as was his wont latterly1 a great deal too much wine4 ,for once he became vain1 and1 staggering about1 exclaimed1 #8,hawkey1 ,i am the real lion--,i am the great lion of the day1 ,hawkey4'0 ,after ,mr4 ,walter ,fawkes's death one of those wonders of the ,north1 a goose-pie and presents of game were sent to ,turner from ,farnley regularly at ,christmas time4 ,the twenty-fifth pie was already packed when the news reached ,farnley of the painter's death4 ,the three last letters ,turner wrote to ,mr4 ,fawkes acknowledging these annual presents have been preserved and published4 ,in the one written on the #bdth ,december1 #ahdi1 ,turner finishes by saying3 8,i am sorry to say my health is much on the wane4 ,i cannot bear the same fatigue1 or have the same bearing against it1 ,i formerly had--but time and tide stop not--but ,i must stop writing for to-day1 and so ,i again beg to thank you for the ,christmas present40 ,in the letter dated #agth ,december1 #ahej1 the aged artist wrote3 8,old ,time has made sad work with me since ,i saw you in town4 ,i always dread it with horror now4 ,i feel it acutely now1 whatever 7it is7--gout or nervousness--it has fallen into my pedestals1 and bid adieu to the marrow-bone stage40 ,these words1 and indeed all the letter1 are written in ,turner's curiously involved and confused style1 but it was evident that the great painter's career was nearly run4 ,he died on the #ith ,december of the following year1 and was buried eleven days later in the crypt of ,st4 ,paul's beside ,sir ,joshua ,reynolds1 with all the magnificence due to his genius4 99 99 99 99 99 ,sidenote3 ,,the ,,farnley ,,hall ,,collection ,it will be seen from the foregoing account of the personal relations between ,mr4 ,walter ,fawkes and ,turner that the ,farnley ,hall ,collection is mainly concerned with ,turner's work between the years #ahjd and #ahba4 ,these works1 therefore1 belong to what ,mr4 ,ruskin has described as ,turner's first period1 when 8he laboured as a student1 imitating successively the works of the various masters who excelled in the qualities he desired to attain himself40 ,this classification of ,mr4 ,ruskin's is evidently made in the interests of ,turner's later work1 the period ,mr4 ,ruskin admired most4 ,but the parti-pris and insufficiency of a classification which dismisses the period during which the paintings and drawings of the ,farnley ,hall ,collection were produced as one of mere imitation of the old masters are sufficiently exposed by a glance at the illustrations with which the present publication is enriched4 ,to speak of the creator of the ,the ,passage of ,mont ,cenis1 ,scarborough1 ,otley from the ,chevin1 and ,the ,valley of the ,wharfe from ,caley ,park as a mere imitator seems to me quite absurd4 ,my own view is that ,turner's period of imitation and apprenticeship had come to an end by the time he was thirty years of age 7#ahje74 ,by that time he was a complete master of every form of pictorial expression4 ,the period between his thirtieth and forty-fifth years was the period of his freshest and happiest inspiration1 as well as that of his soundest and most perfect workmanship4 ,his oil paintings produced during these years are as solidly and carefully worked as those of the old ,flemish and ,dutch masters4 ,they are built to defy the centuries4 ,a picture like the so-called ,pilot ,boat 7,shoeburyness ,fisherman hailing a ,whitstable ,hoy7--painted more than a hundred years ago--is a model of perfect craftsmanship4 ,it has no cracks1 and ,time has only mellowed the exquisite pearly harmonies of its colour and the indescribable charm of its wonderful surface4 ,the ,trout ,stream1 the ,spithead1 and ,frosty ,morning1 have the same gift of immortality4 ,it is only ,turner's later paintings which have cracked and faded and tarnished1 and lost the 8unthrifty loveliness0 with which they were dowered when they were first exhibited4 ,i may1 ,i hope1 be pardoned for preferring the classification of ,turner's 8periods0 adopted in my study of 8,turner's ,sketches and ,drawings0 to ,mr4 ,ruskin's sweeping generalization4 ,turner's ,farnley work impinges on three of these periods--it begins with that of #ahjb to #ahji1 when ,turner was producing his own glorious sea-pieces2 it covers the next period1 from #ahji to #ahac1 when ,turner was developing that deep and solemn conception of the poetry of rural life1 which found expression in the ,frosty ,morning1 ,abingdon and ,windsor2 and it runs half-way into the period of ,turner's greatest academical and popular success--that of #ahac to #ahcj4 ,of these three phases of ,turner's dazzling and complex genius ,i regard the middle one as the most important4 ,the works produced in those years founded a genuinely national school of homely realism1 and show ,turner as the leader and inspirer of the ,norwich ,school1 and the master of ,david ,cox1 ,de ,wint and all that is best in ,english water-colour painting4 ,the spirit which animated this period is the spirit which informs nearly all the oil paintings and water-colours in the ,farnley ,hall ,collection4 ,at the death of ,mr4 ,walter ,fawkes1 ,turner's works at ,farnley ,hall consisted of seven oil paintings and about two hundred water-colours4 ,since then the collection has been reduced to about two-thirds of its original size4 ,various drawings have been given as presents to different members of the family1 and accidents of various kinds have happened to a few of the drawings4 ,one of ,mr4 ,walter ,fawkes's sons was given a couple of drawings to decorate his room at ,eton4 ,one of the drawings got dirtied and the boy put it in a basin of water to clean it1 with disastrous results--a very expensive way of learning the difference between an oil painting and a water-colour4 ,but the biggest gap in the collection was made by one of the present owner's predecessors1 the ,rev4 ,ayscough ,fawkes1 who sent forty-nine water-colours and three oil paintings to ,christie's in ,june1 #ahij4 ,no complete list of the original collection has yet been published4 ,the following list is as nearly exhaustive as ,i have been able to make it4 ,i have broken this list up into eight groups for convenience of reference1 viz41 7#a7 ,the oil paintings1 7#b7 ,the early ,swiss drawings1 7#c7 ,the ,rhine drawings1 7#d7 ,yorkshire1 marine and other subjects17#e7 ,the ,wharfedale ,series1 7#f7 ,birds1 7#g7 ,vignettes1 7#h7 ,italian and later ,swiss drawings4 ,where the works have passed from the possession of ,mr4 ,f4 ,h4 ,fawkes1 the present owner of the collection1 ,i have indicated in brackets the collection into which they have passed1 or the latest appearance in the sale-room or exhibition of which ,i have a record4 ,where there is no entry in brackets after the title the work is still at ,farnley ,hall4 ,,the ,,oil ,,paintings4 #a4 ,london from ,greenwich ,park4 #cf0 #dh4 7,national ,gallery1 ,no4 #dhc47 #b4 ,shoeburyness ,fisherman hailing a ,whitstable ,hoy--sometimes called ,pilot with ,red ,cap hailing a ,smack in ,stormy ,weather4 #cf0 #dh4 #c4 ,the ,victory returning from ,trafalgar1 beating up ,channel in three positions3 fresh breeze4 #bg0 #dj4 7,christie's1 #ahij2 ,sir ,donald ,currie47 #d4 ,scene in the ,apennines1 with peasants driving sheep4 #ac0 #ai--panel4 7,christie's1 #ahij2 ,e4 ,l4 ,raphael1 ,esq4 ,exhibited ,r4 ,a4 #ahib2 ,guildhall1 #ahii47 #e4 ,the ,sun rising in a ,mist4 #bg0 #dj4 7,christie's1 #ahij2 ,mrs4 ,johnstone ,foster47 #f4 ,the ,lake of ,geneva1 from above ,vevey1 and looking towards the ,valley of the ,rhone4 #da0 #fe4 7,christie's1 #ahij2 ,sir ,donald ,currie47 #g4 ,dort1 or ,dordrecht--the ,dort ,packet-boat from ,rotterdam becalmed4 ,signed and dated 8,j4 ,m4 ,w4 ,turner1 ,r4,a41 #ahah1 ,dort40 ,exhibited ,r4,a4 #ahah4 #fb0 #ia4 #h4 ,rembrandt's ,daughter4 ,exhibited ,r4,a4 #ahbg4 #df0 #dd4 ,a free rendering of the ,london from ,greenwich ,park was engraved in the 8,liber ,studiorum0 and published #ast ,january1 #ahaa4 ,the plate is inscribed1 8,picture in the possession of ,walter ,fawkes1 ,esq41 of ,farnley40 ,turner must1 however1 have bought back or exchanged the picture1 as it was in his gallery at the time of his death1 and thus passed into the ,national ,gallery4 ,soon after its first exhibition at ,marlborough ,house1 in #ahef1 ,mr4 ,ruskin published a curious 8note0 upon it1 bewailing in eloquent terms the fact that ,turner should waste his genius upon such an unworthy subject as ,london and a view of the ,thames4 8,what a sorrowful matter it is10 he explained1 that there was no one who 8had sense and feeling enough0 to tell ,turner to paint the ,rhone instead of the ,thames1 the ,simplon instead of ,richmond ,hill1 and ,rouen ,cathedral instead of ,greenwich ,hospital4 ,turner found his way at last to these subjects1 ,mr4 ,ruskin added1 8but not till many and many a year had been wasted on ,greenwich and ,bligh ,sands40 ,we need not on the present occasion trouble to examine too curiously the reasons which induced ,mr4 ,ruskin to take such an entirely perverse view of the kind of subjects an ,english landscape painter ought to choose4 ,it is sufficient to point out that an artist can only paint with his full power those scenes which he knows and loves intimately4 ,turner was born in ,london1 and the ,thames with its shipping about ,london ,bridge stirred ,turner's imagination with memories of his boyhood1 his early dreams and aspirations1 in a way that the ,rhone1 or the ,rhine1 or the ,danube could never stir it4 ,no doubt these rivers are broader and deeper than the ,thames1 fairer to the eye of the tourist1 and richer in historical associations2 but these advantages are no compensation for that affectionate intimacy which guides and inspires the artist when he is dealing with scenes familiar to him since his boyhood4 ,i will not hesitate to assert that ,turner's paintings and drawings of his native land and its rivers and ports stir my imagination and emotions far more powerfully and harmoniously than those of foreign parts4 ,in spite of the tranquil splendour of the ,farnley ,dort1 the magnificence of ,mr4 ,naylor's ,cologne and ,mr4 ,ralph ,brocklebank's ,ehrenbreitstein1 and the intricate play of cunning line and gorgeous colour in the water-colour of ,heidelberg 7in the ,donald ,currie ,collection71 ,i would not exchange any of these works for the sober harmonies and beautiful feeling of ,london from ,greenwich ,park1 or the more moving drama of the fisherman's daily life on the ,thames enshrined in the ,shoeburyness ,fisherman hailing a ,whitstable ,hoy4 ,the picture of the ,victory returning from ,trafalgar was painted about the same time as the ,shoeburyness ,fisherman4 ,it is hallowed by association with ,nelson's glorious end1 but it is lacking in that unity and energy of pictorial motive which make the ,shoeburyness ,fisherman such a masterpiece of sea-painting4 ,rembrandt's ,daughter is the only picture in the ,farnley ,collection which was bought by ,mr4 ,walter ,fawkes's son1 ,mr4 ,hawksworth ,fawkes4 ,it was not well chosen4 ,it shows ,turner as an imitator and humble admirer of other artists1 rather than as the great creative genius he was4 ,it is not a typical work of the artist1 but it throws an interesting side-light on the moods of hesitation and tentative experiment in which he occasionally indulged4 ,rembrandt and his wife are supposed to be surprising their daughter--an entirely mythical personage--while she is reading a love-letter4 ,there are some fine passages of colour in the girl's dress4 ,the picture was exhibited at the ,royal ,academy in #ahbg4 ,,early ,,swiss ,,drawings4 #i4 ,glacier and ,source of the ,arveiron1 going up to the ,mer de ,glace4 ,exhibited ,r4,a4 #ahjc4 #bg0 #dj4 #aj4 ,the ,great ,fall of the ,reichenbach2 in the valley of ,hasle1 ,switzerland4 ,signed and dated 8,j4 ,m4 ,w4 ,turner1 ,r4,a41 #ahjd40 ,exhibited ,r4,a4 #ahae4 #dj0 #bg4 7,plate ,,ix47 #aa4 ,the ,passage of ,mount ,st4 ,gothard2 taken from the centre of the ,teufels ,broch 7,devil's ,bridge71 ,switzerland4 ,signed and dated 8,j4 ,m4 ,w4 ,turner1 ,r4,a41 #ahjd40 ,exhibited ,r4,a4 #ahae4 #dj0 #bg4 #ab4 ,blair's ,hut on the ,montanvert1 and ,mer de ,glace1 ,chamounix4 #aa0 #ae4 #ac4 ,the ,valley of ,chamounix4 ,signed and dated 8,j4 ,m4 ,w4 ,turner1 ,r4,a41 p4p41 #ahji78740 #aa #ae4 7,plate ,,iii47 #ad4 ,lake of ,thun4 #aa0 #ae4 #ae4 ,the ,staubbach1 ,valley of ,lauterbrunnen4 ,signed and dated 8,j4 ,m4 ,w4 ,turner1 #ahji40 #aa0 #ae4 #af4 ,the ,lake of ,brienz3 ,moonlight4 ,signed 8,j4 ,m4 ,w4 ,turner1 ,r4,a40 #aa0 #ae4 7,plate ,,xii47 #ag4 ,bonneville1 ,savoy4 #aa0 #ae4 7,plate ,i47 #ah4 ,vevey1 ,lake of ,geneva4 #aa0 #ae4 7,christie's1 #ahij2 ,sir ,donald ,currie47 #ai4 ,sallenches4 #aa0 #ae4 7,christie's1 #ahij2 ,humphrey ,roberts's sale1 ,may1 #aijh47 #bj4 ,chamounix2 ,mer de ,glace4 #aa0 #ac4 7,christie's1 #ahij2 ,humphrey ,roberts's sale1 ,may1 #aijh47 #ba4 ,lausanne and ,lake of ,geneva4 #aa0 #ae4 ,signed and dated 8,j4 ,m4 ,w4 ,turner1 ,r4,a41 #ahjg40 7,christie's1 #ahij2 ,a4 ,j4 ,forbes-,leith1 ,esq47 #bb4 ,source of the ,arveiron4 #aa0 #ae4 7,christie's1 #ahij2 ,turner ,house1 ,penarth1 ,pyke-,thompson ,bequest47 #bc4 ,lake of ,lucerne1 from ,flelen4 #bf0 #ci4 7,christie's1 #ahij2 ,sir ,donald ,currie47 #bd4 ,mont,blanc1 from the ,vald',aosta4 #bf0 #ci4 7,christie's1 #ahaj2 ,sir ,donald ,currie47 ,all these drawings were based on sketches made during ,turner's first tour in ,savoy and ,switzerland1 in #ahjb4 ,the earliest are dated #ahjc and #ahjd1 others were executed four or five years later1 and a few may not have been completed till about #ahae4 ,they evidently owe a great deal to the inspiration of ,richard ,wilson and ,nicholas ,poussin1 though we find in them that same large and masculine grip of natural form and structure which we see in pictures like the ,bridgewater ,sea-,piece and ,calais ,pier4 ,in some of the drawings1 indeed--the ,great ,fall of the ,reichenbach and ,the ,passage of ,mount ,st4 ,gothard1 for instance--the calm1 unhurried elaboration of rock forms gives them a certain cold and prosaic air4 ,such drawings lack the gloomy majesty and lyrical intensity of feeling of paintings like ,the ,trossachs1 ,conway ,castle and ,kilgarran ,castle4 ,for work of this kind a certain vagueness and generalisation of execution are necessary1 and ,turner was1 after #ahjd1 already beginning to feel his way towards a greater clarity and lucidity of expression than ,wilson had attempted4 ,the ,farnley drawings represent1 therefore1 what ,i may call the aftermath of ,turner's early romantic mood4 ,they are conceived under the influence of that taste for the gloomy1 mysterious and picturesque fostered by ,milton1 ,young's 8,night ,thoughts10 and ,walpole's 8,castle of ,otranto02 but the fulness of representation and cheerful and varied colour of their execution are not altogether in harmony with their original intention4 ,in these respects the original sketches of ,the ,pass of ,st4 ,gothard in the ,national ,gallery 7,,lxxxv1 #cc1 #cd1 and #ce7 are more satisfactory to the imagination than the larger and more elaborate drawing in the ,farnley ,collection4 ,the absence of romantic passion is1 however1 atoned for by the stateliness and grandeur of the design4 ,the two drawings of this group which make the strongest appeal to my feelings are the moonlit view of ,the ,lake of ,brienz and the gloomy and majestic ,glacier and ,source of the ,arveiron which was exhibited at the ,royal ,academy in #ahjc4 ,both these drawings are darker and more ,wilsonesque in colour and effect than the others4 ,the starkness and bigness of drawing in the group of pine trees in the foreground of the ,glacier and ,source of the ,arveiron strike the imagination with ,miltonic power and certainty4 ,the blues in the ,lake of ,brienz have slightly faded1 but the rich sombre harmony of the drawing is in no way impaired4 ,another powerful and impressive drawing is the ,lake of ,thun4 ,this differs in some important respects from the design engraved and published in the 8,liber ,studiorum40 ,an altogether different note is struck in the graceful and charming subject of ,bonneville4 ,here all is peace and serenity4 ,the foreground is filled with the amenities of untroubled rural life1 the distant blue and white peaks of the mountains making an excellent foil to the graceful foliage1 white walls and bridge of the little town which nestles at their feet4 ,the foreground1 indeed1 is only redeemed from insipidity by the sharp1 firm drawing of the ripples and stones4 ,,the ,,rhine ,,drawings4 #be4 ,mayence and ,kastel4 #h-aa_/af0 #ad4 7,plate ,,xviii47 #bf4 ,mayence4 #g0 #ab4 7,christie's1 #ahij47 #bg4 ,mayence4 #h0 #ac4 7,christie's1 #ahij2 ,taylor ,sale1 ,july #aiab47 #bh4 ,palace of ,biebrich4 #h0 #ac4 7,christie's1 #ahij2 ,turner ,house1 ,penarth47 #bi4 ,johannisberg4 #h-ac_/ad0 #ac4 7,plate ,,xxiii47 #cj4 ,rdesheim1 looking to ,bingen ,klopp4 #h0 #ac4 7,christie's1 #ahij47 #ca4 ,bingen and ,ehrenfels1 from the ,lake4 #g0 #ab4 #cb4 ,abbey of ,bingen1 looking towards ,lake4 #h0 #aa4 7,plate ,,xxv47 #cc4 ,the ,mausethurm1 ,bingen ,loch4 #h0 #ab4 #cd4 ,bausenberg in the ,brohlthal4 #h0 #ab4 7,christie's1 #ahij47 #ce4 ,sooneck1 with ,bacharach in the distance4 #h-ae_/ah0 #ad4 7,plate ,,xxi47 #cf4 ,frstenberg4 #i0 #ab4 7,christie's1 #ahij47 #cg4 ,bacharach and ,stahleck4 #g0 #ab4 7,christie's1 #ahij47 #ch4 ,pfalz1 ,caub and ,gutenfels4 #g0 #ab4 7,christie's1 #ahij2 ,sir ,r4 ,hardy1 ,bart47 #ci4 ,oberwesel and ,schnburg ,castle4 #h0 #ad4 7,christie's1 #ahij47 #dj4 ,lurleiberg4 #g-ac_/ad0 #ab4 #da4 ,st4 ,goarshausen and ,katz ,castle4 #g0 #ab4 7,christie's1 #ahij2 ,g4 ,r4 ,burnett1 ,esq47 #db4 ,lurleiberg4 #h0 #ab4 #dc4 ,lurleiberg and ,st4 ,goarshausen4 #h0 #ab4 #dd4 ,lurleiberg4 #g0 #aa4 7,christie's1 #ahij2 ,lord ,penrhyn47 #de4 ,lurleiberg4 #g0 #ab4 #df4 ,st4 ,goarshausen4 #g0 #ab4 #dg4 ,lurleiberg4 #g0 #aa4 7,christie's1 #ahij2 ,louis ,huth47 #dh4 ,lurleiberg4 #g0 #aa4 7,christie's1 #ahij2 ,sir ,h4 ,boulton47 #di4 ,katz ,castle1 with ,rheinfels4 #g0 #ab4 7,christie's1 #ahij47 #ej4 ,from ,rheinfels1 looking over ,st4 ,goar to ,katz4 #g0 #ab4 7,plate ,,xxix47 #ea4 ,hirzenach4 #h0 #ab4 7,plate ,,xv47 #eb4 ,rheinfels1 looking to ,katz and ,st4 ,goarshausen4 #g0 #ab4 7,christie's1 #ahij47 #ec4 ,castles of the ,two ,brothers1 ,sterrenberg and ,liebenstein4 #h0 #ab4 7,christie's1 #ahij2 ,j4 ,f4 ,schwann1 ,esq47 #ed4 ,boppard4 #g0 #ab4 7,christie's1 #ahij47 #ee4 ,peterspay4 #h0 #ab4 7,christie's1 #ahij47 #ef4 ,marksburg4 #g0 #ab4 7,christie's1 #ahij47 #eg4 ,oberlahnstein4 #g0 #ab4 7,christie's1 #ahij47 #eh4 ,entrance of the ,lahn4 #g0 #ab4 7,christie's1 #ahij2 ,lord ,penrhyn47 #ei4 ,abbey near ,coblenz4 #g0 #h4 #fj4 ,the ,back of ,ehrenbreitstein1 from the ,pfaffen4 #g0 #ab4 7,christie's1 #ahij47 #fa4 ,from ,ehrenbreitstein4 #g0 #ab4 7,christie's1 #ahij47 #fb4 ,quay at ,coblenz4 #g0 #ab4 7,christie's1 #ahij47 #fc4 ,bridge over the ,moselle1 ,coblenz4 #g0 x #ab4 7,christie's1 #ahij2 ,rev4 ,w4 ,macgregor47 #fd4 ,neuweid and ,weissenthurm4 #g0 #ab4 7,christie's1 #ahij2 ,agnew's ,gallery1 #aija47 #fe4 ,weissenthurm1 with ,hoche's ,monument4 #g0 #ab4 #ff4 ,andernach4 #g0 #ab4 7,christie's1 #ahij47 #fg4 ,roman ,tower1 ,andernach4 #g0 #ab4 7,christie's1 #ahij47 #fh4 ,hammerstein4 #g0 #ab4 7,christie's1 #ahij47 #fi4 ,remagen and ,linz4 #g0 #ab4 7,christie's1 #ahij2 ,sir ,j4 ,gibson ,carmichael1 ,bart47 #gj4 ,rolandswerth ,nunnery and ,drachenfels4 #g0 #ab4 7,christie's1 #ahij2 ,sir ,donald ,currie47 #ga4 ,drachenfels and ,nunnery4 #i0 #aa4 7,christie's1 #ahij47 #gb4 ,drachenfels4 #i0 #aa4 #gc4 ,godesberg4 #g0 #aa4 7,christie's1 #ahij47 #gd4 ,rhine,gate1 ,cologne4 #g0 #ab4 7,christie's1 #ahij47 #ge4 ,cologne4 #g0 #ab4 7,christie's1 #ahij47 ,details of the circumstances under which these fifty-one drawings were produced have been already given4 ,no man1 not even ,turner1 could possibly have sketched and worked up these subjects in the short space of a fortnight4 ,but to have made even the sketches for this series of drawings in the short space of time ,turner had at his disposal proves the marvellous rapidity with which he worked4 ,the drawings themselves are full of picturesque detail and accurate observation1 but they are1 perhaps1 more remarkable for their technical skill than for their subject-matter4 ,the deadly sureness of touch and almost incredible dexterity in the manipulation of washes of colour1 remind one more of the calligraphic art of the ,chinese and ,japanese than of the work of an ,english landscape painter4 ,if the early ,swiss drawings in this collection may be described as an aftermath of ,turner's romantic period1 the ,rhine drawings may be said to be the first instalment of the treasures of art which the great magician was to give us in the series of drawings of the ,seine and ,loire1 and the later sketches of the ,rhine and ,moselle4 ,though nearly three-quarters of this series were sold in #ahij1 the sixteen best drawings were carefully retained4 ,,yorkshire1 ,,marine1 ,,and ,,other ,,subjects4 #gf4 ,scarborough ,town and ,castle3 ,morning4 ,boys collecting ,crabs4 ,exhibited ,r4,a4 #ahaa4 #bg0 #dj4 7,plate ,,iv47 #gg4 ,flounder ,fishing1 ,putney ,bridge4 ,exhibited ,r4,a4 #ahaa1 under title ,november--,flounder ,fishing4 #bd0 #ah4 #gh4 ,cottage ,steps2 ,children feeding ,chickens4 ,exhibited ,r4,a4 #ahaa1 under title ,may--,chickens4 #bd0 #ah4 #gi4 ,the ,strid1 ,bolton ,woods4 #aa0 #ae4 7,plate ,,vi47 #hj4 ,bolton ,abbey1 from the ,south4 ,signed 8,j4 ,m4 ,w4 ,turner1 ,r4,a40 #aa0 #ae4 7,plate ,,xiii47 #ha4 ,lancaster ,sands4 ,signed 8,j4 ,m4 ,w4 ,turner1 ,r4,a41 p4p40 #aa0 #ae4 #hb4 ,man-of-,war making ,signals off the ,mouth of the ,tagus4 #aa0 #ae4 #hc4 ,wreck of an ,east ,indiaman4 #aa0 #ae4 #hd4 ,coniston ,lake and ,old ,man4 #ai0 #be4 7,plate ,x47 #he4 ,fish ,market on the ,english ,coast4 ,signed and dated 8,j4 ,m4 ,w4 ,turner1 ,r4,a41 p4p41 #ahah40 #aa0 #ae4 7,plate ,,xxviii47 #hf4 ,a ,first-,rater taking in ,stores4 ,signed and dated 8,j4 ,m4 ,w4 ,turner1 #ahah40 #aa0 #ae4 7,plate ,,viii47 #hg4 ,loch ,fyne4 ,signed and dated 8,j4 ,m4 ,w4 ,turner1 ,r4,a41 #ahaj40 #aa0 #ae4 7,christie's1 #ahij2 ,sir ,donald ,currie47 #hh4 ,windermere4 ,signed and dated 8,j4 ,m4 ,w4 ,turner1 ,r4,a41 #ahba40 #aa0 #af4 7,christie's1 #ahij2 ,sir ,donald ,currie47 #hi4 ,ulleswater4 #aa0 #ae4 7,christie's1 #ahij47 #ij4 ,high ,force3 ,fall of the ,tees4 #aa0 #ae4 7,christie's1 #ahij2 ,sir ,h4 ,doulton47 #ia4 ,fountains ,abbey4 #aa0 #ae4 7,christie's1 #ahij2 ,j4 ,e4 ,taylor1 ,esq47 ,,the ,,wharfedale ,,series4 #ib4 ,shooting ,party on ,hawksworth ,moor1 #aa-a_/af0 #ae4 #ic4 ,hawksworth ,hall4 #aa0 #ae4 #id4 ,otley1 from the ,chevin4 #aa0 #ae4 7,plate ,,xxii47 #ie4 ,otley ,bridge4 #ac0 #ag4 #if4 ,caley ,hall4 #ab0 #ag4 #ig4 ,old ,dairy1 ,farnley4 #ab0 #ag4 #ih4 ,turner's ,lodge4 #ab0 #af4 #ii4 ,stained ,glass ,window1 #ahai4 #aa0 #ab4 #ajj4 ,conservatory1 ,farnley ,hall4 #ac0 #af4 #aja4 ,lindley ,hall4 #aa-c_/af0 #ae4 #ajb4 ,dining-,room1 ,farnley ,hall4 #ab0 #ag4 #ajc4 ,entrance to the ,gardens1 ,farnley4 #ab0 #af4 #ajd4 ,drawing-,room1 ,farnley ,hall4 #ab0 #af4 #aje4 ,front ,staircase1 ,farnley ,hall4 #ac0 #af4 #ajf4 ,the ,banks of the ,washburne4 #ac0 #af4 7,plate ,,xi47 #ajg4 ,lindley ,bottom4 #ac0 #ag4 #ajh4 ,junction of ,wharfe and ,washburne4 #ab0 x #ag4 #aji4 ,the ,library1 ,farnley ,hall2 facing fireplace4 #ac0 #ag4 #aaj4 ,the ,library1 ,farnley ,hall2 facing window4 #ab0 #af4 #aaa4 ,lindley ,bridge and ,hall4 #ab0 #ag4 7,plate ,,xxiv47 #aab4 ,oak ,staircase1 ,farnley ,hall4 #ab0 #af4 #aac4 ,lindley ,hall1 from ,lake ,tiny4 #aa0 #ae-g_/af4 #aad4 ,newall ,old ,hall4 #ab0 #af4 #aae4 ,oak ,room1 ,farnley ,hall4 #aa0 #af4 #aaf4 ,caley ,park3 ,otley ,chevin3 ,figures and dogs in foreground4 #ac0 #ag4 #aag4 ,the ,washburne1 with ,leathley ,church4 #ab0 #af4 7,plate ,,xvii47 #aah4 ,caley ,park1 with ,deer4 #ac0 #ag4 #aai4 ,the ,valley of the ,wharfe1 from ,caley ,park4 #aa0 #ag4 7,plate ,,ii47 #abj4 ,lake ,tiny1 ,farnley1 with boat and water-fowl in foreground4 #aa0 #ae4 #aba4 ,wharfe1 from ,farnley ,hall4 #aa0 #af4 #abb4 ,lake ,plantation1 ,farnley4 #aa-c_/af0 #ae4 #abc4 ,lake ,tiny1 ,farnley1 with ,almias ,cliff in distance4 #ac0 #ag4 7,plate ,,xxx47 #abd4 ,doorway1 ,farnley ,hall4 #aj0 #ab4 #abe4 ,farnley ,hall and ,garden1 with ,sun ,dial4 #ab0 #af4 #abf4 ,the ,carriage ,drive1 ,farnley4 #aa0 #af4 7,plate ,,xxvii47 #abg4 ,farnley in the ,old ,time4 #aa0 #ae4 #abh4 ,view of ,farnley ,hall4 #ab0 #ae4 #abi4 ,the ,fairfax ,cabinet4 #aa0 #ad4 #acj4 ,the ,valley of the ,washburne1 and ,lindley ,bridge4 #aj0 #ae4 7,christie's1 #ahij2 ,col4 ,l4 ,g4 ,fawkes47 7,plate ,,xix47 #aca4 ,in ,wharfedale1 with ,temple1 and ,ducks in a pond4 #ac0 #ag4 7,christie's1 #ahij47 #acb4 ,in ,wharfedale1 with rustic bridge4 #aa0 x #ae4 7,christie's1 #ahij47 #acc4 ,view of ,otley ,mills1 with the ,river ,wharfe and ,mill ,weir4 7,christie's1 #ahij47 #acd4 ,the ,pheasant's ,nest1 ,farnley ,park4 #ab0 #af4 7,ruskin ,collection47 #ace4 ,the ,wood ,walk1 ,farnley4 #aa0 #af4 7,f4 ,stevenson1 ,esq47 #acf4 ,arthington ,mill1 near ,farnley ,hall4 #aj0 x #ae4 7,taylor ,sale1 ,july #aiab47 #acg4 ,drawing-,room in #de1 ,grosvenor ,place4 #ach4 ,frontispiece for ,catalogue of ,water-,colour ,drawings in #de1 ,grosvenor ,place4 #aci4 ,london1 from the windows of #de1 ,grosvenor ,place1 when in the possession of ,walter ,fawkes1 ,esq4 #i0 #ae4 7,christie's1 #ahij2 ,agnew47 ,,birds4 #adj4 ,dead ,grouse1 hanging4 #aj0 #g4 #ada4 ,dead ,grouse1 hanging 7,replica74 #aj0 #h4 7,taylor ,sale1 #aiab47 #adb4 ,dead ,wood ,pigeon1 #g0 #aa4 #adc4 ,dead ,blackcock4 #aj0 #i4 7,taylor ,sale1 #aiab47 #add4 ,head of ,partridge4 #c0 #c4 #ade4 ,head of ,moor ,game4 #c0 #d4 #adf4 ,head of ,green ,woodpecker4 #e0 #e4 #adg4 ,head of ,guinea ,fowl4 #c0 #c4 #adh4 ,head of ,moor ,hawk4 #c0 #e4 #adi4 ,head of ,woodcock4 #d0 #f4 #aej4 ,head of ,white ,owl4 #g0 #g4 #aea4 ,the ,redbreast4 #d0 #f4 #aeb4 ,the ,jay4 #f0 #h4 #aec4 ,head of ,heron1 fish in mouth4 #i0 #aa4 #aed4 ,head of ,peacock4 #aa0 #g4 #aee4 ,the ,goldfinch4 #f0 #e4 #aef4 ,head of ,game-,cock4 #g0 #h4 #aeg4 ,dead ,kingfisher4 #e0 #e4 #aeh4 ,head of ,cuckoo4 #b0 #b4 #aei4 ,head of ,hen ,pheasant4 #d0 #c4 #afj4 ,head of ,cock ,pheasant4 #d0 #d4 #afa4 ,head of ,turkey4 #d0 #d4 ,,vignettes1 c4 #afb4 ,pedigree4 #afc4 ,frontispiece to ,poets4 8,three ,poets in three different ,kingdoms born40 #g-i_/af0 #e-i_/af4 #afd4 ,greek ,scene3 8#8,tis ,greece1 but living ,greece no more4--,byron's ,giaour4 #g0 #e4 #afe4 ,norham ,castle1 #g0 #e4 7,plate ,,xxvi47 #aff4 ,melrose3 ,moonlight4 #g-aa_/af0 #e4 #afg4 ,glenartney3 8,here1 'twixt rock and river1 grew ,a dismal grove of sable hue40 ,scott's ,rokeby4 #g-ac_/af0 #e4 #afh4 ,lalla ,rookh4 #g0 #e4 #afi4 ,pyramids4 ,frontispiece to ,ancient ,history4 #agj4 ,stonehenge4 ,frontispiece to ,modern ,history4 #aga4 ,top of ,snuff-box--,grouse1 ,partridge and ,gun4 #agb4 ,edward ,i4 ,the ,stone of ,scone4 #ab0 #i4 #agc4 ,a gold coin found at ,agincourt4 ,presented to ,walter ,fawkes1 ,esq41 by ,maj4-,gen4 ,sir ,edward ,barnes1 #ahbc4 #ab0 #i4 #agd4 ,reformation4 #ac0 #h4 #age4 ,charles ,i4 #i0 #f4 #agf4 ,banners of the ,parliamentarians4 #h0 #f4 #agg4 ,first ,period4 #aa0 #g4 #agh4 ,second ,period4 #aa0 #g4 #agi4 ,third ,period4 #ab0 #h4 #ahj4 ,fourth ,period4 #ab0 #h4 #aha4 ,oliver ,cromwell4 #aa0 #h4 #ahb4 ,richard ,cromwell4 #ab0 #h4 #ahc4 ,revolution1 #afhh4 #g0 #f4 #ahd4 ,fairfaxiana4 #i0 #f4 #ahe4 ,fairfax's ,chair1 ,sword and ,mace4 #h0 #f4 #ahf4 ,fairfax's ,helmet1 ,sword and ,drum4 #aa0 #g4 #ahg4 ,fairfax's ,cabinet4 #aa0 #ad4 #ahh4 ,cause and ,effect4 #aa0 #g4 ,,italian ,,and ,,later ,,swiss ,,drawings4 #ahi4 ,the ,rialto1 ,venice4 #aa0 #af4 7,plate ,,xx47 #aij4 ,the ,colosseum1 ,rome4 ,inscribed and signed 8,colliceum1 ,rome1 ,j4 ,m4 ,w4 ,turner1 #ahbj40 #aa0 #ae4 7,plate ,,xiv47 #aia4 ,interior of ,st4 ,peter's1 ,rome4 ,signed and dated 8,j4 ,m4 ,w4 ,turner1 #ahbj40 #aa0 #af4 7,plate ,v47 #aib4 ,upper ,falls of the ,reichenbach3 ,rainbow4 #aa0 #ae4 7,plate ,,xvi47 #aic4 ,the ,passage of ,mont ,cenis4 ,signed 8,j4 ,m4 ,w4 ,turner10 and inscribed 8,passage of ,mt4 ,cenis1 ,jan4 #ae1 #ahbj40 #aa0 #ae4 7,plate ,,vii47 #aid4 ,rome1 from ,monte ,mario4 #aa0 #ae4 7,christie's1 #ahij2 ,sir ,donald ,currie47 #aie4 ,rome1 from the ,pincian ,hill4 #aa0 #ae4 7,christie's1 #ahij2 ,sir ,donald ,currie47 #aif4 ,mount ,vesuvius in ,eruption4 #aa0 #ae4 7,christie's1 #ahij2 ,w4 ,newall1 ,esq47 #aig4 ,naples4 #aa0 #ae4 7,christie's1 #ahij47 #aih4 ,venice1 from ,fusina4 #aa0 #ae4 7,christie's1 #ahij2 ,sir ,donald ,currie47 ,,conclusion4 ,there can be no doubt that the money spent by ,mr4 ,walter ,fawkes upon ,turner's drawings and paintings was well expended4 ,regarded merely as an investment1 it was extremely profitable4 ,the drawing of ,mont ,blanc1 from the ,val d',aosta 7#bd71 for which ,mr4 ,fawkes paid fifty guineas1 was sold for a thousand guineas in #ahij2 that of ,windermere 7#hh71 which cost twenty-five guineas1 was sold at the same time for twelve hundred guineas3 and the auction price of ,turner's work has doubled1 and sometimes trebled1 since #ahij4 ,roughly speaking1 ,mr4 ,fawkes spent about three thousand pounds on the collection1 and its market price to-day is certainly not less than a hundred and fifty thousand pounds4 ,but the real value of such a collection cannot be estimated in terms of pounds1 shillings and pence4 ,the influence exerted by these lovely records of ,farnley ,hall and the neighbouring country upon ,mr4 ,fawkes's family and descendants has been more precious than gold4 ,they have dignified and hallowed the ancestral home and lands1 refined and educated the taste of all who have been privileged to live among them1 and they have made the name of ,walter ,fawkes for ever memorable in the annals of ,british ,art4 ,,alexander ,j4 ,,finberg4 ,,contents4 ,,articles4 ,,page ,turner's personal relations with ,mr4 ,w4 ,fawkes #a ,turner's relations with ,mr4 ,h4 ,fawkes #ag ,the ,farnley ,hall ,collection #ah ,conclusion #bh ,,list ,,of ,,illustrations4 ,,plate ,i4 ,,bonneville1 ,,savoy4 ,,plate ,,ii4 ,,the ,,valley ,,of ,,the ,,wharfe4 ,,from ,,caley ,,park4 ,,plate ,,iii4 ,,the ,,valley ,,of ,,chamounix4 ,,plate ,,iv4 ,,scarborough ,,town ,,and ,,castle3 ,,morning4 ,,boys ,,collecting ,,crabs4 ,,plate ,v4 ,,interior ,,of ,,st4 ,,peter',s1 ,,rome4 ,,plate ,,vi4 ,,the ,,strid1 ,,bolton ,,woods4 ,,plate ,,vii4 ,,the ,,passage ,,of ,,mont ,,cenis4 ,,plate ,,viii4 ,a ,,first-,,rater ,,taking ,,in ,,stores4 ,,plate ,,ix4 ,,the ,,great ,,fall ,,of ,,the ,,reichenbach2 ,,in ,,the ,,valley ,,of ,,hasle1 ,,switzerland4 ,,plate ,x4 ,,coniston ,,lake ,,and ,,old ,,man4 ,,plate ,,xi4 ,,the ,,banks ,,of ,,the ,,washburne4 ,,plate ,,xii4 ,,the ,,lake ,,of ,,brienz3 ,,moonlight4 ,,plate ,,xiii4 ,,bolton ,,abbey1 ,,from ,,the ,,south4 ,,plate ,,xiv4 ,,the ,,colosseum1 ,,rome4 ,,plate ,,xv4 ,,hirzenach4 ,,plate ,,xvi4 ,,upper ,,falls ,,of ,,the ,,reichenbach3 ,,rainbow4 ,,plate ,,xvii4 ,,the ,,washburne1 ,,with ,,leathley ,,church4 ,,plate ,,xviii4 ,,mayence ,,and ,,kastel4 ,,plate ,,xix4 ,,the ,,valley ,,of ,,the ,,washburne1 ,,and ,,lindley ,,bridge4 ,,plate ,,xx4 ,,the ,,rialto1 ,,venice4 ,,plate ,,xxi4 ,,sooneck1 ,,with ,,bacharach ,,in ,,the ,,distance4 ,,plate ,,xxii4 ,,otley1 ,,from ,,the ,,chevin4 ,,plate ,,xxiii4 ,,johannisberg4 ,,plate ,,xxiv4 ,,lindley ,,bridge ,,and ,,hall4 ,,plate ,,xxv4 ,,abbey ,,of ,,bingen1 ,,looking ,,towards ,,lake4 ,,plate ,,xxvi4 ,,norham ,,castle4 ,,plate ,,xxvii4 ,,the ,,carriage ,,drive1 ,,farnley4 ,,plate ,,xxviii4 ,,fish ,,market ,,on ,,the ,,english ,,coast4 ,,plate ,,xxix4 ,,from ,,rheinfels1 ,,looking ,,over ,,st4 ,,goar ,,to ,,katz4 ,,plate ,,xxx4 ,,lake ,,tiny1 ,,farnley1 ,,with ,,almias ,,cliff ,,in ,,distance4 ,the ,editor desires to acknowledge his indebtedness to ,mr4 ,f4 ,h4 ,fawkes1 the present owner of ,farnley ,hall1 who has kindly placed at his disposal the beautiful drawings by ,turner reproduced in this work4 ,illustration3 ,,plate ,i4 ,,bonneville1 ,,savoy4 ,,circa #ahjh4 ,,size #aa0 #ae4 ,the 8,liber ,studiorum0 plate 7,r4 #fd71 published ,january #a1 #ahaf1 was founded on this design4 ,the plate1 which was engraved from a sepia drawing1 shows several slight variations from the water-colour2 the buildings in the centre and the bridge on the right are heightened1 the stick leaning on the blue and white bundle in the foreground has been omitted1 the hat of the girl resting on a stone on the left has been taken off1 the figure of a boy added1 and a group of sheep substituted for the herd of goats in the centre4 ,illustration3 ,,plate ,,ii4 ,,the ,,valley ,,of ,,the ,,wharfe1 ,,from ,,caley ,,park4 ,,circa #ahaf-ahah4 ,,size #aa0 #ag4 ,this drawing is executed in body-colour on brown paper4 ,it represents one of the views in the neighbourhood of ,farnley ,hall4 ,the ,river ,wharfe winds through the valley in the middle distance4 ,on the left1 the junction with the ,washburne is shown2 on the right1 in the distance1 is ,poole ,bridge4 ,above the junction of the ,wharfe and the ,washburne1 ,leathley ,church and village are seen1 and beyond them the gaunt shoulders of ,great ,alms ,cliff appear above the horizon4 ,illustration3 ,,plate ,,iii4 ,,the ,,valley ,,of ,,chamounix4 ,,signed ,,and ,,dated 8,j4 ,m4 ,w4 ,,turner1 ,r4,a41 ,p4,p41 #ahji 7870 ,,size #aa' #ae4 ,made from sketches executed during ,turner's first visit to ,switzerland in #ahjb4 ,the snow-capped mountains in the distance no doubt belong to the chain of ,mont ,blanc4 ,illustration3 ,,plate ,,iv4 ,,scarborough ,,town ,,and ,,castle3 ,,morning4 ,,boys ,,collecting ,,crabs4 ,,circa #ahji4 ,,size #bg0 #dj4 ,turner exhibited a drawing with this title at the ,royal ,academy1 #ahaa1 but it is uncertain whether it was this drawing or the one now in the ,wallace ,collection4 ,the latter is signed and dated 8,j4 ,m4 ,w4 ,turner1 ,r4,a41 #ahji40 ,illustration3 ,,plate ,v4 ,,interior ,,of ,,st4 ,,peter',s1 ,,rome4 ,,signed ,,and ,,dated 8,j4 ,m4 ,w4 ,,turner1 #ahbj40 ,,size #aa0 #af4 ,one of ,turner's first ,italian drawings from his own sketches1 the illustrations to ,hakewill's 8,italy0 having been made before ,turner visited ,italy1 from camera obscura tracings made by ,hakewill4 ,illustration3 ,,plate ,,vi4 ,,the ,,strid1 ,,bolton ,,woods4 ,,circa #ahaa4 ,,size #aa0 #ae4 ,the pencil-drawing on which this is based is in the ,national ,gallery 78,farnley and related subjects10 ,,cliv1 ,u474 ,a beautifully balanced and complete design1 without any sacrifice of local truth4 ,illustration3 ,,plate ,,vii4 ,,the ,,passage ,,of ,,mont ,,cenis4 ,,signed 8,j4 ,m4 ,w4 ,,turner0 ,,and ,,inscribed 8,,passage ,,of ,,mt4 ,,cenis1 ,,jan4 #ae1 #ahbj40 ,,size #aa0 #ae4 ,an incident ,turner witnessed on his return from his first visit to ,italy4 ,the snow made it difficult to cross the ,alps at that time of the year4 ,his sketch-book1 8,return from ,italy0 7,,cxcii71 is full of rough pencil-sketches of the snow and storm effects4 ,among some hasty scribbles on one page appear the following memoranda3--8,men shovelling away snow from the carriage--,women and children hugging787--,the sky pink--,the light and the cast shadows rather warm--,trees are all covered with the snow--,the trees in the distance and wood getting darker40 ,this is one of the most beautiful and impressive of the ,farnley drawings4 ,illustration3 ,,plate ,,viii4 ,a ,,first-,,rater ,,taking ,,in ,,stores4 ,,signed ,,and ,,dated 8,j4 ,m4 ,w4 ,,turner1 #ahah40 ,,size #aa0 #ae4 ,this is the drawing ,turner is said to have begun and finished one morning at ,farnley1 between breakfast and lunch4 ,there had been some talk at breakfast between ,mr4 ,fawkes and ,turner about the relative sizes of small sailing-craft and men-of-war4 ,after breakfast1 ,turner said to young ,hawksworth ,fawkes that he would make a drawing to illustrate what they had been talking about4 ,the boy sat beside him for three hours while the drawing was being made1 the artist1 says ,thornbury1 8tearing up the sea with the eagle-claw of his thumbnail1 and working like a madman2 yet the detail is full and delicate1 betraying no sign of hurry40 ,this story has been frequently repeated1 but it is hard1 with the exquisitely finished and elaborate drawing in front of one1 to accept it without considerable reservation4 ,illustration3 ,,plate ,,ix4 ,,the ,,great ,,fall ,,of ,,the ,,reichenbach2 ,,in ,,the ,,valley ,,of ,,hasle1 ,,switzerland4 ,,signed ,,and ,,dated 8,j4 ,m4 ,w4 ,,turner1 ,r4,a41 #ahjd40 ,,size #dj0 #bg4 ,painted from sketches made in #ahjb4 ,exhibited at the ,royal ,academy1 #ahae1 under the above title1 together with two other ,farnley drawings1 viz41 ,the ,passage of ,mount ,st4 ,gothard and ,lake of ,lucerne4 ,illustration3 ,,plate ,x4 ,,coniston ,,lake ,,and ,,old ,,man4 ,,circa #ahaf-ahah4 ,,size #ai0 #be4 ,this drawing is executed in body-colour on brown paper4 ,mr4 ,ruskin's house and grounds stand not far from the spot from which it was made4 ,illustration3 ,,plate ,,xi4 ,,the ,,banks ,,of ,,the ,,washburne4 ,,circa #ahah4 ,,size #ac0 #af4 ,this drawing is executed in body-colour on brown paper4 ,it shows a bend of the ,washburne about a mile from ,farnley ,hall4 ,leathley ,church stands a little to the left1 just out of the picture4 ,in the distance is seen the rocky crest of the ,otley ,chevin1 with ,caley ,park on the slopes below4 ,the banks are now covered with a dense growth of trees1 entirely obliterating the view of the river4 ,this drawing is based on a small pencil-sketch in the 8,hastings0 sketch-book 7,,cxxxix1 pp4 #ce;a #cf74 ,illustration3 ,,plate ,,xii4 ,,the ,,lake ,,of ,,brienz--,,moonlight4 ,,signed 8,j4 ,m4 ,w4 ,,turner1 ,r4,a40 ,,circa #ahjd4 ,,size #aa0 #ae4 ,the pencil-sketch of this view1 made in ,switzerland in #ahjb1 is in the ,national ,gallery 7,,lxxvii1 p4 #cd74 ,it has an 8,f0 written in ink in the corner1 evidently put there when ,mr4 ,fawkes ordered this drawing4 ,there is also a colour-study in the same collection 7,,lxxx1 ,e474 ,the blue has slightly faded in this drawing1 but the general effect remains harmonious and very impressive4 ,illustration3 ,,plate ,,xiii4 ,,bolton ,,abbey1 ,,from ,,the ,,south4 ,,circa #ahab4 ,,signed 8,j4 ,m4 ,w4 ,,turner1 ,r4,a40 ,,size #aa0 #ae4 ,there are a number of pencil-drawings of ,bolton ,abbey in the 8,devonshire ,rivers1 ,no4 #c1 and ,wharfedale0 sketch-book 7cxxxiv74 ,the water-mark of this sketch-book is #ahaa1 so the date of the sketches may be a year or two later4 ,illustration3 ,,plate ,,xiv4 ,,the ,,colosseum1 ,,rome4 ,,inscribed ,,and ,,signed 8,,colliceum1 ,,rome1 ,j4 ,m4 ,w4 ,,turner1 #ahbj40 ,,size #aa0 #ae4 ,based on the pencil-drawing 78,rome3 ,c4 ,studies10 ,,clxxxix1 p4 #bc7 made in ,rome in #ahai4 ,illustration3 ,,plate ,,xv4 ,,hirzenach4 ,,date #ahag4 ,,size #h0 #ab4 ,one of the ,rhine series4 ,this drawing is executed in water-colour on white paper1 but a grey preparation was washed over the paper before the painting was commenced4 ,hirzenach is near ,st4 ,goar1 where ,turner is known to have been on the #bcrd1 #bdth and #bgth of ,august1 #ahag4 ,there are sketches of ,hirzenach and the neighbourhood in the 8,waterloo and ,rhine0 sketch-book 7,,cxl74 ,illustration3 ,,plate ,,xvi4 ,,upper ,,falls ,,of ,,the ,,reichenbach3 ,,rainbow4 ,,circa #ahah4 ,,size #aa0 #ae4 ,the white line of the falls is seen on the left in shadow1 contrasting with the warm sunlight on the rock in the centre of design4 ,the rainbow on the right is formed by the spray of the falls4 ,in foreground1 on left1 just below the falls1 are a peasant girl and dog 7the white dress of the girl and the white dog are dug out with the penknife74 ,an exquisitely delicate drawing1 full of subtleties of form and colour4 ,illustration3 ,,plate ,,xvii4 ,,the ,,washburne1 ,,with ,,leathley ,,church4 ,,circa #ahah4 ,,size #ab0 #af4 ,this drawing is executed in body-colour on brown paper4 ,the ,river ,washburne1 with water-mill1 is seen in the foreground1 ,leathley ,church on the hill in the middle-distance1 and the ,otley ,chevin1 with ,caley ,park1 beyond4 ,the steep wooded bank on the right of the river in the middle-distance is the scene of the drawing ,the ,banks of the ,washburne 7,plate ,,xi74 ,the drawing of ,the ,valley of the ,washburne1 and ,lindley ,bridge 7,plate ,,xix7 was made from a spot near the mill in the foreground1 looking towards the right4 ,illustration3 ,,plate ,,xviii4 ,,mayence ,,and ,,kastel4 ,,date #ahag4 ,,size #h-aa_/af0 #ad4 ,one of the ,rhine drawings4 ,the dark cloud in the centre is an instance of ,turner's wonderful technical daring and resource1 the effect being obtained by the use of wet1 running colour4 ,turner was at ,mayence on #bdth and #beth ,august1 #ahag4 ,illustration3 ,,plate ,,xix4 ,,the ,,valley ,,of ,,the ,,washburne1 ,,and ,,lindley ,,bridge4 ,,circa #ahah4 ,,size #aj0 #ae4 ,a view of the ,washburne looking north towards ,stainburn1 taken from a spot near the water-mill shown in the foreground of ,the ,washburne1 with ,leathley ,church 7,plate ,,xvii74 ,lindley ,hall appears on the eminence to the right4 ,this drawing is now in the possession of ,colonel ,lionel ,g4 ,fawkes4 ,illustration3 ,,plate ,,xx4 ,,the ,,rialto1 ,,venice4 ,,circa #ahbj4 ,,size #aa0 #af4 ,this drawing is frequently mistaken for the original of the engraving of the same subject published in ,hakewill's 8,italy0 7,rawlinson's 8,engraved ,work of ,j4 ,m4 ,w4 ,turner10 p4 #hj71 but the differences between the drawing and the engraving are too marked and extensive for this to be possible4 ,the ,hakewill drawing was made before ,turner visited ,venice1 from camera obscura sketches by ,hakewill4 ,the ,farnley drawing was made immediately after ,turner's return from ,italy in #ahbj1 from his own sketches4 ,it is interesting as being ,turner's first ,venetian picture4 ,illustration3 ,,plate ,,xxi4 ,,sooneck1 ,,with ,,bacharach ,,in ,,the ,,distance4 ,,date #ahag4 ,,size #h-ae_/af0 #ad4 ,the slender tower of ,sooneck1 commanding the entrance to a ravine1 stands on the left2 beyond it1 in shadow1 rise the ruins of ,frstenberg4 ,opposite the ,frstenberg1 on the right bank of the ,wisper1 which fells into the ,rhine here1 stands the ruined castle of ,nollich4 ,the rugged cliff on this side of the ,rhine is called the 8,devil's ,ladder40 ,illustration3 ,,plate ,,xxii4 ,,otley1 ,,from ,,the ,,chevin4 ,,circa #ahah4 ,,size #aa0 #ae4 ,from the deer park on the ,otley ,chevin we look down on the houses and church of ,otley1 the 8metropolis of ,wharfedale10 as its inhabitants call it4 ,beyond1 the ,wharfe winds away towards ,ilkley and ,bolton1 and on the left may be seen the ,cow and ,calf ,rocks at ,ben ,rhydding4 ,this is one of the most poetical and exquisitely finished drawings of the ,wharfedale series4 ,illustration3 ,,plate ,,xxiii4 ,,johannisberg4 ,,date #ahag4 ,,size #h-ae_/af0 #ac4 ,schloss ,johannisberg stands on a vine-clad eminence in the centre of the drawing2 and on the bank1 a little to the right1 is seen ,winkel4 ,illustration3 ,,plate ,,xxiv4 ,,lindley ,,bridge ,,and ,,hall4 ,,circa #ahah4 ,,size #ab0 #ag4 ,a nearer view of ,lindley ,bridge than that in ,plate ,,xix4 ,the ,lindley ,wood ,reservoir has now been formed just above the bridge4 ,illustration3 ,,plate ,,xxv4 ,,abbey ,,of ,,bingen1 ,,looking ,,towards ,,lake4 ,,date #ahag4 ,,size #h0 #aa4 ,the ruins of the old collegiate church are seen on the right1 and beyond1 the 8,bridge of ,drusus10 crossing the ,river ,nahe4 ,illustration3 ,,plate ,,xxvi4 ,,norham ,,castle4 ,,circa #ahbc4 ,,size #g0 #e4 ,one of the illustrations to the 8,three ,poets in three different ,kingdoms born10 viz41 ,scott1 ,byron1 and ,moore4 ,illustration3 ,,plate ,,xxvii4 ,,the ,,carriage ,,drive1 ,,farnley4 ,,circa #ahah4 ,,size #aa0 #af4 ,the two oaks in the foreground1 with fragments of their seats1 are still to be found half-way up the carriage drive2 but the trees round them have grown so that they shut out the distant view of the river and ,otley ,bridge4 ,otley ,church appears in the middle distance on the left in the drawing4 ,illustration3 ,,plate ,,xxviii4 ,,fish ,,market ,,on ,,the ,,english ,,coast4 ,,signed ,,and ,,dated 8,j4 ,m4 ,w4 ,,turner1 ,r4,a41 ,p4,p41 #ahah40 ,,size #aa0 #ae4 ,a slightly different version in oils of this design1 known as ,fish ,market at ,hastings1 was painted some years earlier for ,mr4 ,jack ,fuller4 ,it was sold at ,christie's recently in the ,acland-,hood sale4 ,illustration3 ,,plate ,,xxix4 ,,from ,,rheinfels1 ,,looking ,,over ,,st4 ,,goar ,,to ,,katz4 ,,date #ahag4 ,,size #g0 #ab4 ,the town of ,st4 ,goar lies stretched out at our feet4 ,across the river are seen ,st4 ,goarshausen and the ruined castle of the ,cat 7,katz71 half-way up the hill above it4 ,a curious morning effect1 before the sun has dispelled the vapours rising from the river4 ,illustration3 ,,plate ,,xxx4 ,,lake ,,tiny1 ,,farnley1 ,,with ,,almias ,,cliff ,,in ,,distance4 ,,circa #ahah4 ,,size #ac0 #ag4 ,view looking north-east from ,farnley ,park4 ,almias ,cliff is just visible in the distance on the left4 ,on the right appears the group of trees on the slope of the hill just above ,leathley ,church4