,! ,manufacture ( ,tomato ,products ,,includ+ ,:ole ,tomato ,pulp or ,puree1 ,tomato ,catsup1 ,*ili ,sauce1 ,tomato ,s\p1 ,trimm+ ,pulp ,,by ,w4 ,g4 ,,hi] ,te*nologi/ 9 ! ,cann+ & ,pres]v+ ( ,tomato ,products ,=m]ly ,*ief ,*emi/ & ,di/rict ,factory ,sup]visor ( ,! ,t4 ,a4 ,suid] ,pres]ve ,co4 ( ,*icago ,illu/ration ,publi%$ by ,w4 ,g4 ,,hi] #bcbd ,s\? ,columb9e ,/reet ,d5v]1 ,colorado ,,copyright #aiai ,,by ,w4 ,g ,,hi] ,,d5v] ,,! ,,brock-,,haffn] ,,press ,,co41 ,,pr9t]s #aiai ,preface ,! pa/ t5 ye>s h se5 revolution>y *anges made 9 ! tomato product manufactur+ bus9ess4 ,old me?ods ( mak+ tomato pulp1 catsup1 *ili sauce1 etc4 h be5 disc>d$1 & ! mod]n plant pres5ts a v /rik+ contra/ to ! plant ( =m] days4 ,9 ?is book ,i h tri$ to pres5t all ! me?ods us$ :i* h m]it1 & to br+ =? ! advantages & disadvantages ( ea* s t ! pack] c weigh !m & decide :i* is be/ to use "u ! conditions :i* obta9 at 8 plant4 ,9 "s cases "o me?od is univ]sally applicable & has advantages :i* /amp x z sup]ior1 b m (t5 v>y+ conditions ( manufacture 9 diff]5t localities make x impossible to recomm5d any "o me?od = ev]yone4 ,9 writ+ ! text ,i h _h to rely almo/ entirely on ! exp]i5ce ga9$ dur+ ! sev5 ye>s 9 :i* ,i h be5 engag$ 9 ! manufacture ( ^! products1 z !re are no books on ! subject1 & no s\rces ( ref]5ce except ! bullet9s prep>$ by ,mr4 ,b4 ,j4 ,h[>d & ,mr4 ,c4 ,h4 ,/eph5son ( ! ,bureau ( ,*emi/ry1 ,u4 ,s4 ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture1 on ! sort+ & wa%+ ( tomatoes1 ! h&l+ ( tomato trimm+s1 & ! effect ( prop] & improp] sort+ & wa%+ on ! cont5t ( micro-organisms z det]m9$ by microscopical exam9ation4 ,i wi% to ?ank ,mr4 ,b4 ,j4 ,h[>d ( ! ,bureau ( ,*emi/ry = ! valuable sugge/ions & in=mation he gave me ) ref]5ce to portions ( ! text ( ,*apt] ,,ii & ,*apt] ,,vii1 & also to ?ank ! ,bureau ( ,*emi/ry = p]mission to use _m ( _! photomicrographs & photographs4 ,w4 ,g4 ,,hi]4 ,april #bb1 #aiai4 ,,"p ,i ,! ,manufacture ( ,:ole ,tomato ,pulp or ,puree ,table ( ,cont5ts ,,"p ,i ,,! ,,manufacture ,,( ,,:ole ,,tomato ,,pulp ,,or ,,puree ,,page ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,obta9+ ,,good ,,tomato ,,/ock #a ,value ( good tomato /ock--plant rais+--use ( f]tiliz]--me?ods 9 ea/ & we/--%ipp+ tomatoes--tomato crates--degrees ( rip5ess = %ipp+--c>eful h&l+ at factory--v>ieties--/or+ tomatoes--/emless tomatoes4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,wa%+ ,,& ,,sort+ #h ,wa%+ & sort+ equipm5t--rot>y wa%]--wat] ba? ) compress$ air--importance ( agitation--pla9 sort+ belt--numb] ( sort]s--tomato turn+ device--divid$ sort+ belt--sort+--=ms ( decay--cleanl9ess ( equipm5t--molds1 yea/s & spores1 & bact]ia4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,pr9cipal ,,me?ods ,,9 ,,use ,,= ,,pulp+ #bj ,cold pulp+--c>e ( cyclone--hot pulp+--advantages claim$ = hot pulp+--objections to hot process--cru%+--convey+ to kettle--value ( pumice4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,cond5s+ ,,! ,,/ra9$ ,,or ,,cru%$ ,,tomatoes #bf ,vacuum pan--types ( op5 kettles--/eam pressure--copp] jacket$ kettles--t9n+ kettles--advantages ( v>i\s types ( kettles--glass-l9$ tank--cypress tank--clean+ kettles--coil leaks--/>t+ ! cook+--me?ods ( gaug+ f9i%+ po9t--cook+ to gauge on kettle--cook+ a def9ite l5g? ( "t--det]m9+ specific gravity by weight--objections to weigh+ me?od--te/+ ) hydromet]--me?od ( us+ hydromet]--f9i%+ ! cook4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,convey+ ,,! ,,cond5s$1 ,,/ra9$1 ,,or ,,cru%$ ,,tomatoes ,,to ,,! ,,f9i%+ ,,ma*9e1 ,,& ,,f9i%+ ,,same #ch ,convey+ to f9i%]--receiv+ tanks--f9i%+--scre5 metal = f9i%]--effect ( f9i%+ on mold c\nt--f9i%+ be=e cook+4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,fill+ ,,! ,,f9i%$ ,,pulp ,,& ,,/or+ ,,! ,,cann$ ,,product #da ,fill+ devices = five gallons--squ>e c & r\nd c--te/+ = leaks--wa%+ & /eam+--fill+ & capp+--h&l+ fill$ cans--advantages ( sep>at+ bat*es--h[ to /ack--process+--life ( cans--wa%+ & dry+ cans--protection f du/--te/+ us$ cans--pack+ ,no4 #aj's & ,no4 #a's--pack+ b>rel pulp--metal drums--a me?od ( pres]v+ pulp 9 b>rels4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,! ,,micro-,,organisms ,,( ,,tomato ,,products2 ,,! ,,attitude ,,( ,,! ,,pure ,,food ,,au?orities ,,t[>d ,,!m2 ,,& ,,! ,,int]pretation ,,( ,,analyses #ea ,micro-organisms2 :at !y are--molds--bact]ia--yea/s--spores--h[ g]ms ret>d _! own gr[?--rapidity ( gr[?--! gov]nm5t attitude on micro-organisms--gov]nm5t regulations--/ate food (ficials--*eck+ up daily runs--h[ to int]pret analyses4 ,,"p ,,ii ,,! ,,manufacture ,,( ,,tomato ,,catsup1 ,,*ili ,,sauce1 ,,trimm+ ,,pulp1 ,,& ,,tomato ,,s\p ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,a ,,discussion ,,( ,,pres]vative ,,& ,,non-,,pres]vative ,,catsups2 ,,& ,,! ,,mo/ ,,frequ5t ,,cause ,,( ,,inf]iority #gc ,unfavorable publicity on pres]vatives--8natural0 pres]vatives--prop] acidity--process+ catsups--advantage ( b5zoate catsups--causes ( poor color & flavor--advantage ( direct conv]sion ( tomatoes into catsup--?ickness--spic+ & sweetness--8black neck0--g5]al attractiv5ess4 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,a ,,discussion ,,( ,,! ,,+r$i5ts ,,( ,,catsup2 ,,:5 ,,& ,,h[ ,,!y ,,%\ld ,,be ,,add$2 ,,& ,,! ,,am\nts ,,( ,,ea* ,,p] #ajj ,,gallons ,,( ,,f9i%$ ,,catsup #hj ,measur+ ! volume ( tomato juice--am\nt ( tomatoes--keep+ bat*es uni=m--use ( spices 9 a sack--use ( spices direct & :5 to add !m--use ( spices 9 two bat*es--:at is extract$--/or+ spices--quality ( flavor--use ( ess5tial oils--h[ to add ess5tial oils--paprika--quantities ( spices & oils p] bat*--ess5tial oils economical--adult]ation ( gr\nd spices--onions & g>lic--sug>s--sug> syrups--use ( sug> 9 l>ge quantities--salt--v9eg>--transf]5ce ( v9eg>--add+ ! v9eg>--acidity--te/+ f9i%+ po9t--hold+ bat*es--mak+ catsup f pulp--use ( b5zoate ( soda4 ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,f9i%+1 ,,bottl+1 ,,/]iliz+1 ,,& ,,/or+ ,,! ,,catsup #ig ,! receiv+ tank & f9i%]--fill+ & seal+--wa%+ ! fill$ bottles--process+--advantages ( omitt+ process+--process me?od--"t & temp]ature--temp]ature controll+ & record+ devices--non-process me?od--:i* me?od is ! bett]8--label+ & cas+--/ack+ catsup to avoid 8black neck0--pack+ gallons & ,no4 #aj's4 ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,,! ,,manufacture ,,( ,,*ili ,,sauce ,,& ,,! ,,pulp+ ,,( ,,tomato ,,trimm+s #ajg ,grad+ ! tomatoes--me?od ( h&l+ tomatoes--am\nt ( tomatoes & onions--spices--salt1 sug> & v9eg>--te/+ f9i%+ po9t--fill+1 seal+ & /]iliz+--microscopical c\nts--pulp+ ! trimm+s--gov]nm5t attitude on trimm+ pulp--me?od ( h&l+ tomatoes :5 trimm+s are pulp$4 ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,,! ,,manufacture ,,( ,,tomato ,,s\p #aab ,conv5i5ce & economy ( cann$ s\p--factors ^u :i* success dep5ds--unpalatability--prop] sweetness--gradual s\r+ ( pulp--sampl+--prop] acidity--price & quality--microscopical c\nts--beg9n+ ! cook & add+ soda--butt]1 onions1 & spices--sug> & salt--te/+ ?ickness be=e add+ fl\r--add+ fl\r--fill+ & process+--%ak+ & label+4 ,,*apt] ,i ,,obta9+ ,,good ,,tomato ,,/ock ,value ( ,good ,tomato ,/ock ,obta9+ a good quality ( tomatoes at a price :i* is n prohibitive is a problem :i* 9 _m localities is becom+ m difficult to cann]s & catsup mak]s ea* ye>4 ,e exp]i5c$ manufactur] kn[s t reg>dless ( ! exp]tness ) :i* he may "w up 8 tomatoes into ! f9i%$ product1 he _c expect to get good quality unless he has good /ock to beg9 )4 ,x is true t by us+ intellig5ce & extreme c>e 9 ! manufactur+ processes "o manufactur] w make bett] pulp or catsup f tomatoes ( fair quality ?an ano!r man c get f ! be/ quality ( /ock4 ,?is same c>e & intellig5ce appli$1 h[ev]1 9 work+ up high quality tomatoes w probably %[ a great] diff]5ce 9 ! f9i%$ products ?an 0 app>5t 9 ! tomatoes f :i* ^! products 7 made2 9 o!r words1 ! goodness ( good tomatoes becomes acc5tuat$ by ! manufactur+ process4 ,9 ord] to insure z l>ge a proportion z possible ( good quality /ock1 z well z a good yield p] acre 9 tonnage1 manufactur]s are ea* ye> realiz+ ! necessity ( clos] co-op]ation ) ! f>m]4 ,:]e 9 gr[+ tomatoes "u contract x 0 =m]ly l>gely up to ! f>m] to buy 8 se$ & raise 8 plants & set !m out1 x is n[ ! usual cu/om to supply ! f>m] ) se$ ( ! desir$ v>iety & ( high g]m9ation te/1 & 9 _m cases to g a /ep f>!r & supply him ) plants six to eight in*es high1 ready = sett+ out 9 ! field4 ,unque/ionably1 ! be/ results are secur$ by gr[+ ! plants = ! f>m]4 ,! av]age f>m] does n g ab\t ! rais+ ( 8 plants 9 an intellig5t way1 & he w n devote ! "t to ! plant-rais+ bus9ess t x %\ld h4 ,plant ,rais+ ,mo/ pack]s are agre$ t ! be/ plant is rais$ by />t+ ! se$s 9 r[s 9 hot b$s1 transplant+ to cold frames :5 !y are two to f\r in*es high to h>d5 !m & make !m /ocky1 & aga9 transplant+ to ! field :5 ! plants are six to eight in*es high4 ,?is me?od produces a d>k gre51 bu%y1 ?ick-/emm$ plant ( high vitality1 :i* is s ess5tial to a good yield4 ,:at a contra/ to ! av]age plant rais$ by ! f>m]--! se$ (t5 broadca/$1 ei!r 9 a hot b$ or 9 a spot 9 ! g>d5 :]e ! soil has n be5 specially prep>$ = plant rais+1 & :5 ! plants1 a l>ge numb] ( :i* are ?91 pale gre51 & sp9dly look+1 atta9 a height ( any:]e f six in*es to a foot !y are all set out 9 ! field & all[$ to /ruggle along z be/ !y c4 ,:5 "o looks at ! k9d ( plants t are s (t5 set out he c see at lea/ "o reason :y yields ( f ?ree to sev5 tons p] acre are s (t5 obta9$ f gr\nd :i* %\ld yield twice t mu*1 & :y ! plants are easy victims to blight & o!r diseases4 ,a prom95t cann] rec5tly told me t by rais+ ! plants = 8 f>m]s he _h increas$ ! av]age yield #d tons p] acre4 ,use ( ,f]tiliz] ,s _m articles h be5 writt5 on tomato culture = cann+ plants by exp]i5c$ horticulturi/s t ! subject w n be dealt ) ext5sively "h4 ,9 ^! articles emphasis is usually laid on ! desirability ( ! use ( comm]cial f]tiliz]1 n only to increase ! yield1 b to ha/5 ! matur+ ( ! crop s t a l>ge proportion ( x c be h>ve/$ be=e fro/4 ,my exp]i5ce te/ifies to ! wisdom ( ?is 9 practically all cases1 & ) late matur+ v>ieties su* z ! ,/one tomato1 9 regions subject to e>ly fro/1 & especially :]e plant$ on l[ gr\nd1 x is absolutely ess5tial t f]tiliz] be us$ if a good p]c5tage ( ! crop is to be h>ve/$4 ,me?ods 9 ,ea/ & ,we/ ,9 ! ,tri-,/ates--t is1 ,delaw>e1 ,m>yl&1 & ,new ,j]sey--q a diff]5t situation exi/s f t 9 ! middle we/ or f> we/4 ,! we/]n pack] has practically all ( 8 tomatoes gr[n "u contract1 :ile ! ,tri-,/ate pack]1 al?\gh he tries to contract z mu* acreage or tonnage z possible at a reasonable figure1 is up aga9/ ! competitive buy+ ( ! op5 m>ket = a l>ge proportion ( 8 raw /ock1 z !re are always a l>ge numb] ( f>m]s :o are will+ to gamble t ! com+ season w be a good "o = play+ ! op5 m>ket4 ,9 ?is case ! buy] usually _c be z p>ticul> ab\t ! quality ( ! tomatoes he buys z c ! pack] :o has 8 tomatoes all gr[n "u contract at a specifi$ price1 & :o c ex]cise sup]vision ov] 8 f>m]s4 ,?is is p>ticul>ly true 9 seasons ( %ort crop1 :5 ! gr[] sells 8 tomatoes on ! m>ket & c af=d to be v indep5d5t1 & buy]s are wildly =c+ up ! price by competitive bidd+1 & tak+ :atev] !y c get4 ,ev5 if ! ea/]n gr[] is "u contract = 8 entire crop1 if ! crop is %ort1 & high prices are prevail+ on ! m>ket1 x is ! exceptional gr[] :o w live up to 8 contract1 & (t5 to get an excuse = break+ 8 contract he w deliv] v poor tomatoes "r along 9 ! hope t !y w be object$ to1 ?us giv+ him ! lib]ty ( dispos+ ( !m else:]e4 ,! ea/]n pack]1 h[ev]1 is bless$ ) a long] season 9 :i* to op]ate4 ,:ile 9 ! we/ !re are seldom en\gh tomatoes to ju/ify a run at ! factory be=e ,augu/ #ae?1 ! ,tri-,/ates pack] />ts 9 on ! e>ly crop ab\t ! #be? ( ,july1 & 8 crop is n z liable to be sev]ely injur$ by an e>ly fro/ z is ! we/]n crop4 ,cann+ & pres]v+ plants 9 ! we/1 be+ scatt]$ r sp>sely ov] a v l>ge t]ritory1 & be+ f>!r away f ! l>ge c5t]s ( population ?an 9 ! ea/1 ! we/]n pack] is able to get a l>ge p]c5tage ( 8 tomatoes haul$ to ! factory by wagon4 ,?is is inde$ a big advantage1 n only 9 ! sav+ ( freight & h&l+ exp5se1 b 9 ! condition ( ! fruit :5 deliv]$ to ! factory4 ,probably hav+ be5 pick$ n m ?an tw5ty-f\r h\rs be=e deliv]y1 ! wagon-haul$ tomatoes are solid1 & because ! sk9 is n brok5 by repeat$ h&l+1 ?us prev5t+ ! gr[? ( molds1 !y require v little sort+1 9 fact1 no sort+ at all 9 "s cases4 ,a load ( tomatoes :i* requires no sort+ at all1 h[ev]1 is unusual4 ,if ! pack] c get 8 gr[]s to use spr+ wagons = haul+ tomatoes1 x is a big advantage1 especially if ! fruit mu/ be held any l5g? ( "t at ! factory4 ,if ! wagon-haul$ tomatoes c be work$ up quickly ! pack] gets #ajj p] c5t value = !m1 :i* he v seldom does get on %ipp$ tomatoes1 :i* commonly und]go a loss ( betwe5 #e & #bj p] c5t 9 %ipm5t1 dep5d+ ^u ! "t involv$ 9 %ipm5t1 ! rip5ess ( ! fruit1 ! am\nt ( h&l+ x receiv$1 ! condition ( ! wea!r1 ! k9d ( crate 9 :i* ! fruit is pack$1 & ! am\nt ( v5tilation x receiv$ 9 transit4 ,%ipp+ ,tomatoes ,%ipm5t by wat]1 al?\gh sl[1 has ! advantage ( smoo?ness ( transit1 & ! crates or baskets ( tomatoes are n subject$ to ! frequ5t jolt+s ( rail %ipm5ts1 & x is to be rememb]$ t e jolt makes ! tomatoes settle to a c]ta9 ext5t 9 ! crates & ma%es ! tomatoes 9 ! bottom lay]s4 ,! be/ c> = rail %ipm5ts is ! slatt$ c> or /ock c>1 :i* p]mits ( bett] circulation ?an any ( ! o!r types4 ,a box c> %\ld nev] be us$1 z x all[s ! fruit to heat v badly1 & !re is no circulation ( air4 ,! crates 9 ! slatt$ c>s %\ld be s /ack$ z to all[ z mu* circulation ( air ?r\gh ! c> z possible4 ,h[ev]1 c>e mu/ be tak5 t ! crates are s /ack$ t !y w n %ift4 ,a small air space c always be left at ! end ( e o!r r[ on ea* side )\t endang]+ ! /ability ( ! crates1 & a l>ge air space c be left at ! top4 ,tomato ,crates ,"o advantage 9 ! use ( ! basket ov] ! crate 9 %ipm5ts is ! advantage ( bett] circulation ( air ?r\gh ! pil$ baskets ( fruit1 due to ! conical %ape ( ! basket4 ,good v5tilation is ?us suppli$ )\t dang] ( ! baskets %ift+ dur+ %ipm5t4 ,! -bu%el basket is us$ almo/ univ]sally 9 ! ea/1 :ile 9 ! we/ ! crate hold+ a bu%el is ! common conta9]4 ,! con/ruction ( ! crate is a m important item ?an is (t5 ?\ght4 ,! mo/ important po9t1 ( c\rse1 is /r5g? 9 con/ruction1 & ! use ( a wood :i* w n w>p easily by alt]nate soak+ & dry+ out1 all[+ ! nails to become loose & ! bottoms to beg9 to fall out ( ! crates aft] a half season's use4 ,! slats ( ! crates %\ld h r\nd$1 smoo? edges s z n to cut ! surface ( ! tomatoes :5 !y are jolt$ & weight$ d[n dur+ %ipm5t4 ,! slats %\ld be only close en\gh toge!r to hold ! small tomatoes1 s z to p]mit ( z mu* air circulation z possible4 ,?is p>ticul>ly applies to ! bottom ( ! crates1 :i* become soggy & mu/y aft] a little use1 & ! op5+s soon become clogg$ up ) tomato sub/ance4 ,x is important to turn a /eam hose ov] ! bottoms ( su* crates to clean !m out be=e return+ to ! po9t ( %ipm5t4 ,if ! empty crates pass along on a *a9 belt aft] dump+1 ?is /eam+ c be accompli%$ easily4 ,accumulat$ decay+ tomato sub/ance 9 ! bottom slats n only rots out ! crates1 b contam9ates o!rwise good tomatoes e "t ! crate is us$4 ,! crate %\ld also be z %all[ z w p]mit ( easy h&l+1 s z to di/ribute ! weight ( ! tomatoes ov] z mu* surface z possible4 ,a %all[1 broad crate is pref]able to a deep1 n>r[ "o4 ,degrees ( ,rip5ess = ,%ipp+ ,! prop] degree ( rip5ess = tomatoes to be %ipp$ dep5ds1 ( c\rse1 ^u ! l5g? ( "t x w take = !m to arrive at _! de/9ation4 ,dead-ripe tomatoes w /& v little h&l+ & %ipp+1 p>ticul>ly if ! wea!r is w>m & damp1 z x s frequ5tly is dur+ tomato season4 ,x is important1 too1 n to h ! tomatoes deliv]$ to ! %ipp+ /ation too und]ripe1 z !y are v apt to rot be=e !y become r$ en\gh to cook up into a product ( good color4 ,t ! employee 9 *>ge ( receiv+ tomatoes at ! %ipp+ po9t %\ld be a man ( exp]i5ce & good judgm5t z well z tact 9 deal+ ) ! f>m]s1 is app>5t4 ,s mu* dep5ds ^u ! control he ex]cises ov] ! f>m]s 9 gett+ !m to pick _! fruit at ! prop] degree ( rip5ess4 ,if he falt]s1 is unc]ta91 & *anges 8 m9d a few times1 he is lo/1 z ! f>m]s soon lose confid5ce 9 8 judgm5t4 ,x is always difficult to impress ^u ! f>m] ! fact t tomatoes ga9 9 weight dur+ ! rip5+ process1 & ! rip] !y h _! tomatoes ! m !y get 9 doll>s :5 !y drive up on ! scales4 ,?is argum5t _c be advanc$ :5 ! tomatoes are b\ght by ! basket1 z !y are 9 ! ea/1 b :5 paid = accord+ to weight & n volume1 ! rip5ess ( 8 tomatoes is an important po9t = ! f>m] to wat*4 ,at ! tail end ( ! season :5 fro/s are ?reat5+1 ?is argum5t ( ! increas$ weight ( tomatoes :i* are r$ ripe all ov] ( c\rse loses its effect entirely4 ,all ! f>m] is int]e/$ 9 at t "t is 9 gett+ z _m ( 8 tomatoes z possible accept$ be=e a heavy fro/ f9i%es !m4 ,at ?is "t increas$ vigilance at ! receiv+ end is necess>y4 ,c>eful ,h&l+ at ,factory ,! less h&l+ crates or baskets ( tomatoes receive1 ! bett]4 ,e pack] wants to elim9ate h&l+ z mu* z possible to cons]ve labor1 b :5 "o sees ! labor]s ar\nd ! av]age plant heav+ crates ( tomatoes ar\nd z ?\gh !y 7 pig iron1 he wond]s if ! manag] fully realizes ! effect ( ?is b\nc+ ( heavy crates ( tomatoes on to trucks1 receiv+ plat=ms1 etc4 ,x is j z easy1 or almo/ z easy1 to set ! crates d[n g5tly1 b ! labor]s :o d ?is "w mu/ be con/antly rem9d$ ( x4 ,y d get tir$ ( con/antly hamm]+ at !m1 b x is surely wor? ! ef=t4 ,a common attitude = ! m5 to take is t ! tomatoes are all go+ to get ma%$ up anyway pretty soon1 s :at's ! diff]5ce4 ,:5 y consid] ! fact t crates ( tomatoes are commonly h&l$ f six to eight times be=e !y rea* ! sort+ belt1 ?is h&l+ (t5 consi/+ ( dropp+ ! crates d[n s h>d t ! top tomatoes almo/ b\nce out1 x is no wond] t :5 !y are spread out on ! sort+ belt ! bottom lay] ( ea* crate is ma%$ & moldy1 s t half ( ^! bottom tomatoes h to be ?r[n away4 ,v>ieties ,any ( ! brilliant r$ v>ieties ( tomatoes are suitable = catsup or pulp mak+4 ,^? v>ieties hav+ a purpli% ca/ %\ld be avoid$1 z !y cook up into a product hav+ a br[ni% color4 ,! smoo?1 r\nd v>ieties1 su* z ! ,/one1 are especially good = peel+1 :ile ! flat v>ieties1 & ^? hav+ a v co>se1 unev5 surface1 are well suit$ = pulp or catsup4 ,/or+ ,tomatoes ,= /or+ ! tomatoes at ! factory until !y c be put ov] ! sort+ belts ! op5-air /orage is us$ almo/ univ]sally1 & x seems to be ! only me?od :i* c be economically employ$ at a plant :i* h&les l>ge quantities ( tomatoes4 ,i h se5 ! wet /orage me?od 9 use at a small plant :]e ! receipts only am\nt to a few hundr$ bu%els a day on good days1 & less ?an a hundr$ on _m days :5 ! wea!r is v bad1 & x 0 lik$ v mu* by ! plant manag]4 ,! tomatoes1 z soon z receiv$1 7 dump$ into a l>ge concrete tank ( cold wat]1 :i* 0 kept fairly fre% by lett+ fre% wat] run into x con/antly1 ) an ov]fl[ at ! o!r side ( ! tank1 & a l>ge revolv+ paddle at "o side ( ! tank kept ! wat] 9 motion4 ,atta*$ to ?is paddle 0 a s]ies ( flights on an endless *a91 :i*1 :5 ?r[n into ge>1 c>ri$ ! tomatoes to ! sort+ belt4 ,! argum5t advanc$ 9 favor ( ! wet /orage me?od by ! op]ator ( ?is plant 0 t at c]ta9 times 9 ! season _! receipts ( tomatoes 7 v small1 t is1 at ! beg9n+ & at ! close ( ! season1 & dur+ /ret*es ( cold1 ra9y wea!r1 & at su* times !y only made a run e o!r day1 or possibly only twice a week1 & t ! tomatoes kept mu* bett] 9 wet /orage4 ,! tomatoes 7 clean :5 deliv]$ to ! sort+ belt1 & al?\gh !y receiv$ v little sort+1 & only "o spray+ aft] !y left ! /orage tank1 ! c\nt ( molds1 yea/s & spores & bact]ia on _! pulp 0 fairly l[4 ,! wet /orage me?od c\ld und\bt$ly be us$ at l>ge plants1 & might prove pr(itable dur+ p]iods ( glut1 z !re is no d\bt b :at tomatoes w keep bett] 9 wet /orage ?an 9 ! op5 air4 ,x w\ld take a lot ( tanks = a l>ge plant1 h[ev]1 & l>ge op]ators are n incl9$ to look favorably on ! idea4 ,9 op5-air /orage ! crates ( tomatoes %\ld be /ack$ s z to leave an air space betwe5 ea* crate1 & if /ack$ inside ( a build+1 all ! w9d[s & doors %\ld be ?r[n op5 to all[ z free a circulation ( air z possible4 ,/emless ,tomatoes ,mo/ tomatoes are deliv]$ to ! factory ) ! /ems on1 b ,i "k ( "o plant :]e !y are all receiv$ /emless1 & ! quality ( ! pulp made f !m simply _c be beat4 ,!re surely mu/ be an undesirable ta/e imp>t$ by all ^! gre5 /ems 9 ! cook+ process4 ,( c\rse1 :]e ! cold pulp+ process is us$1 t is1 ! tomatoes pulp$ cold directly aft] sort+ & wa%+1 ^! /ems are elim9at$ be=e any cook+ is done4 ,9 ! hot pulp+ process1 h[ev]1 & :5 ! tomatoes are put 9 a cru%] in/ead ( a pulp ma*9e1 ! /ems are cook$ along ) ! re/ ( ! pulp4 ,! op]ator ( ! plant ref]r$ to above pays a bonus ( a doll> a ton to 8 contractors = hav+ ! tomatoes deliv]$ /emless1 & he believes he gets t doll> back & m1 too1 9 ! price he gets = 8 product1 :i* is v fancy4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,wa%+ ,,& ,,sort+ ,wa%+ & ,sort+ ,equipm5t ,a great _m outfits = wa%+ & sort+ tomatoes h be5 plac$ on ! m>ket1 "s ( :i* h _m good po9ts1 & o!rs are v inadequate4 ,! type ( wa%] be/ adapt$ to "o plant may n be ! be/ = ano!r "o4 ,if tomatoes are gr[n on clay gr\nd a friction wa%] is necess>y1 :ile = fruits gr[n on s&y soil x is v infrequ5t t mu* friction is ne$$ to prop]ly clean ! tomatoes4 ,z to sort+ belts1 z a rule "o type w s]ve z well 9 "o place z 9 ano!r4 ,a majority ( ! sort+ belts us$ are subject to _m criticisms2 "s are too n>r[1 "s too %ort1 "s travel at a spe$ ( #ajj feet or m p] m9ute1 :ile o!rs move z sl[ly z #aj feet p] m9ute4 ,! latt] spe$ is mu* bett] ?an ! =m]1 al?\gh bo? are extremes1 #be feet p] m9ute be+ ab\t "r4 ,rot>y ,wa%] ,= tomatoes gr[n on clay gr\nd ! cyl9drical rot>y wa%] or squirrel cage type made ( #a-;in* me% heavy wire is v satisfactory4 ,:5 tomatoes come to ! plant cak$ ) clay1 z !y are aft] a h>d ra9 foll[$ by /rong sun%9e1 a friction wa%] ( ?is type is ab\t ! only ?+ t w clean !m4 ,?is type ( wa%] also does excell5t "w on late tomatoes1 & ?is applies to all localities4 ,a l>ge p]c5tage ( late tomatoes become deeply crack$ at ! /em end1 & al?\gh ^! cracks1 or fissures1 usually appe> to be heal$ ov]1 an exam9ation w g5]ally reveal ! pres5ce ( mold 9 !m1 & 9 _m cases l>ge tufts ( mold l cotton completely fill+ !m4 ,by m]ely pass+ su* tomatoes ?r\gh a wat] ba?1 ev5 ?\gh ! wat] is ?or\ghly agitat$ by means ( _m inlets ( compress$ air1 ?is imb$d$ mold w be sc>cely affect$4 ,a rot>y1 heavy wire1 reel wa%]1 incl9$ at an angle ( ab\t #a foot 9 #h1 & rotat+ sl[ly1 ) a heavy1 %>p spray ( wat] /rik+ ! roll+ tomatoes f ! "t !y are dump$ 9 until !y roll out1 w take out a v l>ge proportion ( ?is mold1 besides clean+ ! entire surface ( ! tomato ?or\ghly4 ,! wa%] %\ld deliv] ab\t two bu%els ( tomatoes p] m9ute to ! sort+ belt4 ,z ! wire cyl9d] revolves1 ! tomatoes are c>ri$ half way up ! side & are !n ?r[n back aga91 be+ c>ri$ sl[ly & /eadily t[>d ! outlet4 ,a #a-;in* pipe at ! top ( ! cyl9d]1 & runn+ f end to end1 ) small holes bor$ at int]vals ( an in*1 %\ld direct a %>p1 cutt+ %[] ( wat] on ! tomatoes z !y revolve & rub ea* o!r4 ,a f9e1 %>p spray w accompli% m ?an a less =ceful b l>g] /ream ( wat] com+ f a l>g] op5+4 ,! dirt1 mold1 etc4 is wa%$ ?r\gh ! wire me% into a drip pan1 & !nce to ! sew]4 ,"s ( ! rot>y wa%]s us$ are ( solid metal1 & o!rs con/ruct$ ( wood5 slats h be5 us$4 ,bo? ( ^! %\ld be avoid$1 z ! solid metal produces a slid+1 in/ead ( a roll+ action1 & ! wood5 slats mold quickly & become slimy4 ,also1 "s ( ! wa%]s are slightly too n>r[1 & ! tomatoes are s cr[d$ :ile !y are rotat+ t _m ( !m d n come 9 contact ) ! wire1 b m]ely roll on top ( o!r tomatoes4 ,o!r wa%]s are consid]ably wid] ?an necess>y4 ,if ! tomatoes are to be f$ to ! belt at ! rate ( #b bu%els p] m9ute1 a reel 7squirrel cage7 wa%] #b to #b feet 9 diamet]1 & ab\t #h feet long1 hav+ an incl9ation ( ab\t #a foot 9 #h1 & revolv+ at ab\t #bj revolutions p] m9ute1 w usually give satisfactory results4 ,^! are ! figures recomm5d$ by ,mr4 ,h[>d ( ! ,bureau ( ,*emi/ry1 :o has made a v ext5sive /udy ( ! effici5cy ( rot>y wa%]s4 ,by hav+ ! tomatoes ?or\ghly clean1 ) no mud & sc>cely any mold adh]+ to ! surface :5 !y drop on ! sort+ belt1 ! am\nt ( sort+ requir$ is n only greatly less5$1 b ! spots ( black rot & o!r =ms ( decay %[ up prom95tly on ! surface4 ,x is important t ! reel deliv] ! tomatoes to ! sort+ belt at a uni=m rate1 :i* is seldom done :5 ! crates are dump$ into ! reel )\t any sy/em ( tim+ !m4 ,at pres5t a hopp] = fe$+ ! reel is be+ exp]im5t$ )1 & x is hop$ t x w be an improvem5t ov] ! uncontroll$ sy/em t is n[ us$4 ,! *ief objection made to ! reel cyl9d] is t :5 tomatoes are ov]ripe1 hav+ be5 %ipp$ a long di/ance1 or held at ! factory = a day or two1 ! rubb+ action ( ! wire on ! tomatoes1 & ( ! tomatoes aga9/ ea* o!r1 is too sev]e1 & consid]able tomato sub/ance is lo/ by be+ =c$ d[n ?r\gh ! wire me% by ! %>p sprays ( wat] f ov]head4 ,! loss 9 ?is case is n ne>ly z great z w\ld be imag9$1 & :at tomato sub/ance is ?us lo/ %\ld be disc>d$ anyway1 z x is s s(t t 9 all probability ! fib] is p]meat$ ) gr[?s ( mold1 yea/s1 & bact]ia1 :i* no am\nt ( wa%+ w\ld elim9ate4 ,wat] ,ba? ,) ,compress$ ,air ,! reel wa%] is n s common 9 ! ea/ z 9 ! we/1 & ! reason is1 z previ\sly /at$1 t dur+ ! great] "p ( ! season at lea/1 tomatoes gr[n on loose1 s&y soil c be wa%$ satisfactorily by o!r devices :i* are less cumb]some & c be m easily rigg$ up4 ,"o ( ^! devices :i* is 9 satisfactory op]ation is a %all[ wat] ba? ?r\gh :i* ! tomatoes pass on a *a9 c>ri]1 & 9 :i* ! wat] is kept 8boil+0 7t is1 x has ! appe>ance ( boil+7 by compress$ air :i* is =c$ into ! wat] ba? ?r\gh small pipes1 & at a numb] ( diff]5t places4 ,! tomatoes are ?us b\nc$ ar\nd & knock$ aga9/ ea* o!r 9 a v lively mann] & receive a ?or\gh cleans+4 ,x is v d\btful1 h[ev]1 if ?is device w\ld give su* good results on tomatoes t _h clay bak$ h>d on ! surface1 or on ^? :i* _h mold deeply imb$d$ 9 cracks at ! /em end4 ,importance ( ,agitation ,x is always advisable to wa% ! tomatoes be=e sort+ !m1 z x makes ! sort]'s "w s mu* easi]4 ,aft] ! tomatoes leave ! sort+ belt !y c pass "u a few /rong sprays :i* w put on ! f9i%+ t\*es4 ,w>m or hot wat] is sometimes us$ 9 wa%+ tomatoes1 b cold wat] does ! "w j z well4 ,nei!r w accompli% mu* m ?an wett+ ! surface unless ! tomatoes are agitat$4 ,"s devices :i* ,i h se5 are almo/ worse ?an no?+1 z !y m]ely consi/ ( a long wat] ba? ?r\gh :i* ! tomatoes are convey$ by means ( a l>ge worm or helicoid4 ,! tomatoes are n only wa%$ insuffici5tly1 b are contam9at$ by rubb+ aga9/ ! surface ( ! worm1 :i* soon becomes coat$ ) a film ( mold1 &1 be+ enclos$ 9 a cyl9d]1 ?is worm _c be clean$ z x %\ld be4 ,x is ess5tial t e "p ( ! equipm5t ) :i* ! tomatoes come 9 contact be readily accessible to ! bru% & ! /eam hose4 ,mold accumulates v rapidly1 cl+s v t5aci\sly to ! surface on :i* x gr[s1 & a damp surface 9 a d>k place is ideal = its gr[?4 ,pla9 ,sort+ ,belt ,! type ( sort+ belt us$ mo/ commonly is ! ord9>y pla9 wire or metal belt #ah to #bd in*es 9 wid? & ab\t #aj to #ab feet 9 l5g?4 ,canvas belts are also us$ q frequ5tly1 b ! pack] c n[ obta9 wire belts ( su* /rong1 /urdy con/ruction t !y give sc>cely any tr\ble & are v satisfactory 9 e way4 ,eighte5 to tw5ty in*es has be5 f\nd to be ab\t ! be/ wid?4 ,numb] ( ,sort]s ,! numb] ( sort]s :i* %\ld be employ$ on ea* belt dep5ds ^u :e!r !y are go+ to d bo? ! inspect+ & trimm+1 or ! inspect+ alone1 & also ^u ! rate at :i* ! tomatoes are f$ to ! belt1 ! l5g? ( ! belt1 & ! quality ( ! fruit4 ,"s pulp mak]s pref] to fe$ ! belt at a uni=m rate reg>dless ( ! quality ( ! fruit & to v>y ! numb] ( sort]s1 employ+ ab\t #ad or #af to a belt :5 ! quality is poor1 & ab\t half t numb] :5 ! tomatoes are almo/ entirely s\nd & ne$ v little trimm+ done to !m4 ,o!rs pref] to use ! same numb] ( sort]s & trimm]s on ! belt all ! "t & to v>y ! spe$ ( ! belt accord+ to ! quality ( ! fruit1 us+ a v>iable spe$ transmission = ?is purpose4 ,:5 runn+ on solid fruit1 ) v little decay1 ! maximum spe$ c be employ$1 say #dj feet p] m9ute1 & :5 runn+ on /ock t is n s good ! spe$ c be decreas$ to ab\t #aj feet p] m9ute4 ,! ,bureau ( ,*emi/ry advises v /rongly aga9/ ! practice ( hav+ ! wom5 :o d ! inspect+ d ! trimm+ also4 ,!y cont5d t inspect+ & trimm+ %\ld be two di/9ct & sep>ate op]ations & ea* %\ld be done by a diff]5t set ( wom54 ,by ?is me?od ! wom5 on ! sort+ belt m]ely pick out all ! tomatoes :i* are imp]fect & ?r[ !m into receiv+ boxes :i* are atta*$ to ! framework ( ! sort+ belt by a bracket1 !re be+ ab\t f\r ( ^! boxes to a table--two on ea* side4 ,"o or two wom5 /& at ea* receiv+ box1 pick out ! defective tomatoes f ?is box1 & trim out ! bad "p1 :i* is dropp$ into a *ute1 :i* directs ! mat]ial d[n to a dra9 und]nea? ! table ?r\gh :i* is fl[+ ! wa/e wat] f ! rot>y wa%]4 ,?is /ream1 prop]ly plac$1 has suffici5t curr5t to c>ry away ! wa/e matt]4 ,! trimm] ?r[s ! good "p ( ! tomato back on to ! sort+ belt4 ,by us+ ?is sy/em !re is no lugg+ ( boxes or buckets back & =? f ! sort+ table4 ,?is me?od1 :i* is ! "o approv$ by ! ,bureau ( ,*emi/ry1 accompli%es ! "w m ?or\ghly ?an c be done if ! inspect+ & trimm+ are all done on ! sort+ belt by ! same set ( wom54 ,! m9imum co/ ( sort+ & trimm+ 9 ?is mann] is f #b to #c c5ts p] bu%el1 accord+ to ! gov]nm5t figures4 ,if ! wom5 on ! sort+ belt are to be us$ = bo? inspect+ & trimm+1 a long] belt %\ld be us$ ?an if inspect+ alone is to be done4 ,ab\t #b feet ( belt %\ld be all[$ to ea* sort]4 ,tomato ,turn+ ,device ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #a4--,tomato turn+ device on sort+ belt4 ,!re is ano!r feature :i* helps greatly 9 sort+1 & t is a tomato turn+ device1 :i* is illu/rat$ 9 ,figure #a4 ,?is device turns a v l>ge p]c5tage ( ! tomatoes if !y are f$ to ! belt prop]ly1 t is1 if !y are spread out ev5ly & are n too ?ick on ! belt4 ,! turn+ device all[s !m to be inspect$ f all angles1 & is describ$ 9 ,bullet9 #efi ( ! ,u4,s4 ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture z foll[s3 8,= an apron 7sort+ belt7 #ah in*es wide1 #ad pieces ( in* iron pipe 7#a in* outside7 7 cut1 ea* piece ab\t #g in*es long4 ,ab\t "o-half in* f "o end ( ea* piece a hole 0 drill$ ?r\gh ! pipe l>ge en\gh to p]mit ( ! pipes be+ /rung on a in* /eel rod4 ,9 ord] to insure fre$om ( movem5t1 a ?9 wa%] 0 plac$ betwe5 ea* pipe & ! "o next to x4 ,! :ole set 0 !n susp5d$ by means ( ! /eel rod across ! sort+ apron ) ! l[] ends "o-half in* above ! apron4 ,a back-/op rod is put 9 beh9d ! set to prev5t ! pipes f sw++ back pa/ ! c5t]4 ,?is 0 f\nd necess>y to prev5t !m f sw++ s f> back z to /rike & g\ge ! oncom+ tomatoes4 99 99 99 ,9 op]ation ! weight ( ! pipes is suffici5t to roll ! tomatoes ov] z !y pass "u40 8,9 ord] to obta9 satisfactory op]ation x is mo/ important t ! tomatoes d n cov] m ?an #ej p] c5t ( ! apron area1 o!rwise !y d n h room to turn prop]ly4 ,a te/ at "o plant %[$ t #gj to #hj p] c5t ( ! tomatoes 7 turn$ ea* "t !y pass$ "u a set ( ! pipes4 ,x 0 f\nd also t ?is turn+ device work$ bett] on ! op5 metal apron ?an on ! canvas or rubb] type1 ow+ to ! fact t ! tomatoes slipp$ badly on aprons made ( canvas or rubb]40 ,divid$ ,sort+ ,belt ,!re is a modification ( ! pla9 belt :i* is 9 use at sev]al plants1 & :i* "s op]ators l v mu*4 ,?is belt is illu/rat$ 9 ,fig4 #b4 ,note t x is divid$ into ?ree p>titions by two bo>ds :i* run l5g?wise4 ,^! bo>ds are ab\t #c in*es high & are rais$ a fraction ( an in* above ! belt s z to all[ ! belt to slide "u !m easily4 ,at ! head ( ! belt ! bo>d p>titions connect 9 a 8,v04 ,! tomatoes /rike ?is ,v & are guid$ into ! two out] *annels1 :]e !y are giv5 a ha/y inspection by ! fir/ f\r sort]s1 :o ?r[ all ^? :i* are p]fectly s\nd into ! c5t] p>tition4 ,z ! tomatoes :i* rema9 9 ! two outside p>titions pass d[n to ! re/ ( ! sort]s !y are inspect$1 ! bad p>ts cut out1 & ! good "p ?r[n into ! c5t] p>tition4 ,! bad p>ts :i* are cut out are left on ! outside p>titions1 :]e !y are c>ri$ along into two wa/e b>rels1 :i* are provid$ = ?is purpose at ! end ( ! belt4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig#b ,,divid$ ,,sort+ ,,belt ,by us+ ?is me?od no tomatoes b good ones c g ?r\gh unless bad ones are c>elessly ?r[n into ! c5t] p>tition & e tomato ,,has to be pick$ up4 ,( c\rse1 "s bad tomatoes are ?r[n into ! c5t] c>elessly1 :]e !y w rema9 unless tak5 out by ! f9al inspector1 :o is suppos$ to wat* ?is4 ,h[ev]1 ! numb] :i* are ?us ?r[n 9 are n great if ! fir/ f\r wom5 on ! belt are tra9$ z !y %\ld be--t is1 to only ?r[ ^? tomatoes 9 ! c5t] :i* a ha/y inspection %[s are p]fectly s\nd1 & to leave all d\btful ones pass by4 ,by ?is me?od ea* good tomato is only inspect$ once1 :i* is n ! case ) any ( ! o!r sy/ems1 & 9 t respect x is m effici5t4 ,"o good tomato is n pick$ up1 look$ at1 & plac$ on ! belt aga9 by a numb] ( diff]5t sort]s4 ,:5 a tomato is pick$ up by a sort] "s disposition is made ( x at once4 ,if good x is toss$ 9 ! c5t] & is nev] look$ at aga9 except by ! f9al inspector4 ,if bad1 ! good "p is ?r[n 9 ! c5t] & ! bad all[$ to rema9 on ! outside1 to be conduct$ to ! wa/e b>rel4 ,all ! sort]s except ! fir/ f\r c sp5d _! entire "t work+ on tomatoes :i* ne$ to h bad p>ts cut out ( !m4 ,! ma9 objection :i* is made to ! divid$ belt sy/em is t ! fir/ f\r wom5 get c>eless & ?r[ uns\nd tomatoes into ! c5t] p>tition & !y are nev] look$ at aga94 ,h[ev]1 if c>e is us$ 9 ! selection ( ^! wom51 & a reliable sort] is plac$ at ! end ( ! belt to inspect ! c5t] p>tition be=e x leaves ! belt1 su* c>elessness c be *eck$ & held d[n to a m9imum4 ,ano!r objection t is advanc$ is t !re is ! possibility ( p>tly good tomatoes go+ into ! wa/e b>rels due to ! fact t ! wom5 might n always keep up on !m4 ,9 my exp]i5ce ) ! sy/em ,i h _h practically no tr\ble 9 ?is reg>d4 ,if a long belt is us$1 z _m trimm]s z desir$ c be put on1 & ! belt c be sl[$ d[n or ! rate at :i* x is f$ sl[$ up if ! tomatoes are runn+ p>ticul>ly bad4 ,!n1 9 extreme cases1 x is always possible to h someone g ov] ! wa/e b>rels be=e !y are dump$4 ,an av]age grade ( tomatoes c be h&l$ q rapidly by ! divid$ belt sy/em4 ,"s pack]s :o h us$ x sev]al seasons l x v mu*1 & an analysis ( _! product w g5]ally %[ a l[ c\nt ( molds1 yea/s & spores1 & bact]ia4 ,i und]/&1 also1 t o!r pack]s t h us$ ! me?od h disc>d$ x4 ,sort+ ,by f> ! great] "p ( ! tr\ble pack]s h ) _! goods n comply+ ) ! gov]nm5t regulations z to molds1 yea/s & spores1 & bact]ia is due to inadequate sort+4 ,at lea/ n9ety p] c5t ( ?is tr\ble c\ld be ov]come "r at ! sort+ belt4 ,pack]s (t5 say !y c't und]/& :y ! mold is runn+ high on _! pulp & catsup1 z !y are sort+ _! tomatoes c>efully4 ,h[ev]1 ! *ances are t5 to "o ! tr\ble is !y are n sort+ !m c>efully en\gh4 ,"o :o has n _h mu* exp]i5ce manag+ help on ! tomato sort+ belt w\ld imag9e t almo/ any woman c\ld /ep up !re & sort out ! good tomatoes f ! bad1 & "k :at to cut out1 & :at n to cut out4 ,b su* is n ! case4 ,! tomato sort]s mu/ be in/ruct$4 ,someone :o is compet5t to d s mu/ "w ) ea* "o ( !m & %[ !m j :at is a good tomato & :at is n4 ,o!rwise !y w be sp5d+ "p ( _! "t cutt+ out black1 fibr\s gr[?s on ! surface ( ! tomatoes :i* are absolutely normal & entirely free f molds1 etc41 & all[+ tomatoes to pass by !m :i* h black spots on ! surface no bigg] ?an a dime1 b indicat+ to ! tra9$ eye t probably half ( ! tomato is eat5 up ) black rot4 ,!y w all[ a tomato to pass by :i* is crack$ op51 & ! edge ( ! sk9 on ea* side ( ! crack w be z :ite z a piece ( pap]4 ,unless !y are in/ruct$1 !y may n realize t ?is is mold1 & !y c]ta9ly w n realize ! am\nt ( damage a small p]c5tage ( tomatoes l t c d4 ,!y "k no?+ ab\t mold c\nts1 b mo/ wom5 c be impress$ ) ! importance ( wat*+ = moldy /reaks & spots 9 ma%$ & split tomatoes1 & ! importance ( elim9at+ e bit ( tomato tissue t is s effect$4 ,e sort+ belt %\ld h a boss--a compet5t sort] :o kn[s 8 or h] bus9ess1 & :o /&s at ! end ( ! belt & inspects ! tomatoes j z !y are ab\t to leave ! belt4 ,?is p]son c ord] ! spe$ at :i* ! tomatoes are f$ to ! sort]s increas$ or decreas$ accord+ to ! quality1 c see j :at =m ( decay is pr$om9at+ & caution ! sort]s to wat* out = x1 c see ! mi/akes t are be+ made 9 ! sort+ & try to correct !m1 & 9 addition c ?r[ out into a receptacle su* bad tomatoes z h pass$ by ! sort]s s t !y c be sort$ ov] aga94 ,x is n safe to put a bun* ( wom5 on ! sort+ belt ) no "o 9 au?ority :o is on t p>ticul> job e m9ute1 & expect an entire day's run to come )9 ! gov]nm5t limits4 ,=ms ( ,decay ,!re are _m =ms ( rot1 b ! mo/ common are ! black rot1 s(t rot1 & ! mold gr[?s 9 crack$ tomatoes1 ei!r ^? :i* h crack$ deeply ar\nd ! /em end dur+ _! gr[?1 or h be5 crack$ or ma%$ 9 %ipm5t4 ,j z soon z ! sk9 is brok51 ei!r 9 a natural or unnatural way1 molds />t gr[+ on t brok5 surface imm$iately1 & develop v rapidly4 ,!re is also ! br[n spott$ tomato1 :i* is n s common1 b :i* has be5 v bad 9 "s localities4 ,i rememb] "o field ( tomatoes 9 s\!rn ,ohio sev]al ye>s ago :i* 0 absolutely wor?less = cann+ purposes1 due to ! fact t practically all ( ! tomatoes 7 cov]$ ) br[n spots1 & "u ea* "o ( ^! spots 0 a lump ( :ite mold & mold spores4 ,?is field 0 pl[$ up be=e half ( ! tomatoes 7 pick$1 z ! pulp plant :i* _h contract$ !m refus$ to receive any m aft] hav+ cook$ sev]al bat*es ( pulp on :i* ! mold ran v high due to ?is condition1 :i* _h nev] be5 met ) be=e4 ,! br[n spots 7 s(t & concave1 & if once ! "* ( ! spot 0 fix$ 9 ! memory "o c\ld nev] fail to quickly detect t type ( tomato if x 0 run across aga94 ,! disease appe>$ 9 bo? c5tral & s\!rn ,indiana ! foll[+ ye> & ,i s5t samples ( ! tomatoes to ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture at ,wa%+ton & to ! ,indiana /ate exp]im5t /ation1 b x 0 new to !m & !y _h no rem$y = x4 ,:e!r x has appe>$ s9ce ,i d n "k1 b x 0 v bad :ile x la/$4 ,x is almo/ impossible to sort su* tomatoes1 z ! spots are s num]\s on ! surface1 & e spot w\ld h to be cut out4 ,:5 ! spots are small1 z !y frequ5tly are1 !y are v apt to pass by ! sort]s unnotic$1 or at any rate consid]$ h>mless1 b x doesn't take _m bu%els ( su* tomatoes to s5d a bat* ov] ! limit 9 mold c\nt4 ,extremely s(t spots :i* w yield to v slight pressure ) ! f+] are usually receptacles = ! gr[? ( yea/s & bact]ia & %\ld be cut out4 ,n9e times out ( t5 su* spots are (f5sive to ! nose :5 ! sk9 ( ! tomato is brok54 ,h[ev]1 "o quickly le>ns to pick !m out by sight4 ,x is important t ! sort+ belt be well light$ ) #ajj-watt lamps ov]head provid$ ) l>ge reflectors4 ,on d>k days good sort+ is impossible unless ! belt is adequately light$1 &1 ( c\rse1 = sort+ 9 ! e>ly morn+ or late ev5+ adequate light is absolutely ess5tial4 ,cleanl9ess ( ,equipm5t ,to dwell ^u ! necessity ( ?or\ghly clean+ all wa%+ & sort+ equipm5t ea* night1 z well z to frequ5tly *ange ! wat] 9 wat] ba?s1 9 case a wat] ba? is us$1 w\ld seem almo/ unnecess>y1 yet !re are _m pack]s :o d n compreh5d ! tr\ble t c be caus$ by inadequate clean+ ( ! wa%+1 sort+1 & convey+ equipm5t4 ,does ! sort+ & wa%+ equipm5t 9 e pulp plant imp>t a clean1 fre%1 sweet smell :5 ! morn+'s "w is begun8 ,x does n1 & ! reason is t x 0 n prop]ly clean$ ! night be=e4 ,^? surfaces :i* 7 easy to get at & :i* are easily se5 9 a ha/y inspection are clean1 ( c\rse1 b h[ ab\t ! d>k corn]s & almo/ inaccessible places t are h>d to clean8 ,c y run y\r f+]nail ov] ! surface ( "o ( ! bucket conveyors1 or 8flights10 = example1 & scrape (f a ?91 slimy film8 ,if y c1 y c be sure x is mold1 & t ! only way to get x (f is ) a v /iff bru%--ev5 a wire "o may be necess>y--hot wat]1 & soda a%4 ,if ! bucket conveyors or 8flights0 are cov]$ ) a ?9 film ( mold1 ! tomatoes w c>ry along a small "p ( ?is mold ) !m e "t ! conveyor is us$1 & z fa/ z ! mold is rubb$ (f ! conveyor by ! tomatoes m mold w gr[ on aga94 ,! same c>e %\ld be tak5 ) ?is equipm5t z is giv5 to ! equipm5t 9 a milk bottl+ or cond5s+ plant4 ,my exp]i5ce has be5 t ! only safe way to *eck up ! ?or\ghness ( ! clean+ job is to g ov] x ) a spot light1 ) p>ticul> att5tion to ! mo/ inaccessible p>ts1 & to d ev]y?+ possible to make e "p ( ! equipm5t accessible4 ,molds1 ,yea/s & ,spores1 & ,bact]ia ,an und]/&+ ( ! nature ( molds1 yea/s & spores1 & bact]ia is v helpful to any pack]4 ,a k ( ! rapidity ( _! gr[? & ! conditions "u :i* !y multiply mo/ rapidly is also helpful4 ,! av]age pack] has a v vague idea ( ?is subject1 yet x is easy ( compreh5sion4 ,9 ,,*apt] ,,vii a discussion ( x w be f\nd1 :i* x is hop$ w help to cle> up ! mi/y atmosph]e surr\nd+ ?is subject1 & 9 ! same *apt] ! gov]nm5t attitude t[>d micro-organisms is also discuss$4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,pr9cipal ,,me?ods ,,9 ,,use ,,= ,,pulp+ ,! *ief me?ods 9 use = prep>+ ! tomatoes = ! cook+ kettle are3 fir/1 cold pulp+2 second1 hot pulp+2 ?ird1 cru%+ )\t cyclon+4 ,cold ,pulp+ ,! cold pulp+ me?od is probably ! mo/ common1 & requires less equipm5t ?an ! hot me?od1 ) results t are consid]$ by _m pack]s j z good1 if ! pulp ma*9e is op]at$ by a c>eful man :o w n fe$ x too fa/1 & :o w keep x clean4 ,sometimes1 ) ?is me?od1 ! tomatoes are run ?r\gh a cru%] be=e pulp+1 & sometimes n4 ,c>e ( ,cyclone ,x is important t ! outlet f ! receiv+ box "u ! cyclone be directly f ! bottom1 & n f ! side ( ! box ne> ! bottom4 ,! box mu/ dra9 completely s z n to leave any tomato juice ly+ 9 x to f]m5t4 ,a tap]+ enamel l9$ receptacle :i* dra9s itself completely is be/ to use "u ! cyclone4 ,! /eam hose %\ld be turn$ into bo? ! cyclone & receiv+ box sev]al times dur+ ! day to arre/ gr[?s ( micro-organisms1 & clean out adh]+ tomato fib]4 ,x is p>ticul>ly important to d ?is j be=e ! noon h\r1 z consid]able f]m5tation c take place 9 ! cyclone dur+ t h\r if x is n clean$ out be=eh&4 ,hot ,pulp+ ,by ! hot pulp+ me?od ! tomatoes are convey$1 usually by means ( a s]ies ( 8flights10 or a bucket conveyor1 to 8break+ tanks0 :i* are arrang$ above ! cyclones4 ,^! 8break+ tanks0 hold ab\t #ajjj gallons1 & are usually con/ruct$ ( cypress4 ,at ! bottom ( ! tank are op5 brass /eam pipes runn+ horizontally 9 f\r directions4 ,^! pipes are ab\t two feet 9 l5g?1 & are op5 at ! ends s t ! /eam comes directly 9 contact ) ! tomatoes4 ,! tomatoes are convey$ direct f ! sort+ belt to ! 8break+ tanks10 & z soon z ! brass pipes are cov]$ ! /eam is turn$ on full & ! break+ up process beg9s4 ,x usually takes ab\t #cj m9utes to break up ! tomatoes1 & !y are !n cyclon$4 ,! tank %\ld h a concave bottom & l>ge outlet1 pref]ably #c in*1 s t ! brok5 up tomatoes c be let out ( ! tank easily4 ,iron pipes %\ld1 ( c\rse1 be avoid$1 z ! acid ( ! tomato attacks ! iron1 produc+ an iron salt :i* is apt to discolor ! product1 p>ticul>ly if x is to be us$ = catsup1 & ?is dissolv$ iron comes 9 contact ) ! tannic acid ( ! spices4 ,?is w be discuss$ fur!r "u ! manufacture ( catsup4 ,"s pack]s object to brass & copp] com+ 9 contact ) ! tomatoes on acc\nt ( ! slight am\nt ( copp] :i* goes into solution by ! action ( ! tomato acid4 ,9 ! case ( ! 8break+ tank10 h[ev]1 ! few %ort brass pipes (f] a v small surface to ! action ( ! tomato acid1 & ! am\nt ( metal dissolv$ w\ld be negligible4 ,^! brass pipes c be plat$ ) t9 if x is desir$ to avoid contact ) brass altoge!r1 & ?is is frequ5tly done4 ,advantages ,claim$ = ,hot ,pulp+ ,^? :o use ! hot pulp+ me?od l x = a numb] ( reasons4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! tomatoes are br\ght to a boil :ile !y are /ill :ole1 & ?is elim9ates any *ance ( f]m5tation due to ! cru%+ ( ! tomatoes be=e !y are cook$4 ,by br++ ! tomatoes to a boil quickly1 t is1 z soon z ! wa%+ & sort+ is complet$1 any incipi5t f]m5tation is arre/$ imm$iately4 ,z ! tomato juice is ne> ! boil+ po9t :5 x is cyclon$ & deliv]$ to ! cook+ kettles1 no multiplication ( yea/s1 bact]ia1 etc4 c take place betwe5 ! sort+ & ! f9al cond5s+1 unless ! juice is all[$ to cool consid]ably at "s po9t betwe5 ! 8break+ tank0 & ! cook+ kettle4 ,ano!r advantage claim$ = ! hot process is t ! pulp ( ! tomato is m completely sep>at$ f ! se$ & sk9 ?an :5 ! tomatoes are pulp$ cold1 & !re=e ! tomatoes w give a slightly l>g] yield ( pulp4 ,x is also claim$ t a bett] color c be obta9$ by ! hot pulp+ process1 z ! color cells ( ! tomato lie 9 greate/ abundance directly next to ! sk91 & by mak+ a clean cut sep>ation ( ! sk9 f ^! color cells by boil+ 9 a 8break+ tank10 none ( ?is color w be lo/ 9 ! pumice dur+ ! cyclon+4 ,al?\gh ?is argum5t does appe> reasonable1 ,i h fail$ to see t tomatoes :i* are pulp$ by ! hot process give any bett] color ?an ^? :i* are pulp$ cold4 ,! hot process is also lik$ :]e ! tomatoes are to be manufactur$ directly into catsup or tomato s\p1 z ! 8break+ tank0 c be fill$ up to a c]ta9 m>k ) ! boil+ tomatoes & t gives ! measure ( tomatoes = ! catsup or s\p bat*1 & no o!r measur+ devices = ?is purpose ne$ be employ$4 ,objections to ,hot ,process ,! *ief objection to ! hot process is t x requires a lot ( additional tanks = break+ ! tomatoes1 :i* are entirely disp5s$ ) :5 cold pulp+ is us$4 ,! tanks are n only an additional exp5se to ! equipm5t1 b require "o or two op]ators to t5d to !m1 & !y take up a lot ( room1 & consume a lot ( /eam4 ,no se$ c be sav$ f tomatoes :i* are pulp$ hot1 z ! cook+ ei!r kills ! g]m or r5d]s x impot5t4 ,q a few cann]s save ! se$ f cold pulp$ tomatoes1 & ! rev5ue f x proves to be a pr(itable item4 ,z to :e!r ! slightly increas$ yield to be obta9$ by ! hot pulp+ me?od1 & ! decreas$ dang] ( multiplication ( yea/s & bact]ia1 m ?an comp5sate = ! advantages to be obta9$ by ! cold process is a "q :i* ! individual pack] mu/ decide = himself4 ,cru%+ ,cru%+ ! tomatoes )\t cyclon+ !m is a v good me?od :]e ! tomatoes are go+ to be made into pulp or puree1 z ! f9i%+ ma*9e w conv]t ! cru%$ cook$ tomatoes into a v smoo? product4 ,:]e catsup is to be made direct f ! tomatoes1 h[ev]1 cyclon+ is to be pref]r$ to cru%+4 ,if ! f9al product is to be s\p1 cyclon+ is necess>y4 ,?is w be discuss$ fur!r 9 ! *apt]s on catsup & s\p4 ,:5 a cru%] is us$ x takes ! place ( ! cyclone or pulp ma*9e1 al?\gh x p]=ms an entirely diff]5t k9d ( an op]ation1 & ! tomatoes g ?r\gh exactly ! same process z 9 cold pulp+1 except t in/ead ( remov+ ! se$s & sk9s f ! tomatoes be=e cook+1 ! tomatoes are *opp$ v f9e & convey$ to ! cook+ kettles--se$s1 sk9 & all4 ,x is obvi\sly some:at h>d] to gauge ! f9i%+ po9t ( a bat* ( pulp :]e ! sk9s & se$s are pres5t1 h[ev] a little practice l>gely elim9ates ?is difficulty1 & !re is always ! me?od ( det]m9+ ! specific gravity by weight to fall back on4 ,! se$s & sk9s w n int]f]e ) mak+ ! specific gravity te/ z x is usually c>ri$ out 9 ! cook room ) a l>ge copp] flask1 small trip balance1 & set ( weights4 ,convey+ to ,kettle ,if ! plant is s arrang$ t ! pulp$ or cru%$ tomatoes c be convey$ to ! cook+ kettles by gravity1 t is an advantage1 z x does away ) a pump & someone to t5d to x1 & ! few] ! pumps1 ! bett]2 h[ev]1 9 mo/ plants x is necess>y to pump ! pulp$ or cru%$ /ock into ! cook+ kettles4 ,unless ! plant consi/s ( sev]al floors & ! tomatoes />t at ! top & come out z f9i%$ pulp at ! bottom1 or ! plant is built on a t]rac$ plan1 z "o plant is 9 ,indiana1 :i* is built on ! side ( a hill1 x is necess>y to d a c]ta9 am\nt ( pump+4 ,an ord9>y pump w n d1 z !re w\ld be contam9ation by iron1 & consid]able ru/+1 :ile ! pump 0 idle1 ( ^? p>ts ( ! pump ) :i* tomato juice comes 9 contact1 ?is ru/ to be c>ri$ along ) ! tomato juice ! fir/ "t ! pump is us$ aga94 ,! rot>y pump con/ruct$ p>tly ( bronze or nickel is v good = ?is purpose1 & (f]s z little opportunity = metallic contam9ation z any pump does4 ,! pipe us$ = ! convey+ ( ?is tomato /ock %\ld by all means be enamel l9$4 ,enamel l9$ pipe1 if prop]ly made1 w la/ = _m ye>s )\t *ipp+ or crack+4 ,j h[ long x w la/ on ! av]age ,i _c say1 b ,i h (t5 tak5 d[n l9es ( enamel l9$ pipe t h be5 9 use = sev]al ye>s1 & x look$ practically z good z new4 ,! flang$ pipe ) flang$ fitt+s is bett] ?an t ) ! ord9>y screw ends1 z x makes practically a cont9u\s :ite tube )\t any pipe ?reads 9 :i* molds1 yea/s1 & bact]ia c lodge & multiply4 ,wood5 tr\ghs are /ill us$ 9 _m plants = convey+ tomato juice & pulp1 b !y are a relic ( ! old days1 & h no place 9 ! mod]n pulp or catsup plant4 ,wood5 tr\ghs are h>d to keep clean1 !y mold v quickly aft] !y become damp1 !y are op5 to contam9ation f ceil+s & ro(s :i* ar5't always 9 good condition1 & !y are usually wa/eful4 ,x w pay any pack] :o /ill uses ev5 a few wood5 tr\ghs to inve/ 9 enamel l9$ pipe4 ,wood5 pipe is also unsanit>y = ?is purpose1 z mold gr[s 9 x & cl+s s tightly to ! por\s1 damp surface t x _c possibly be flu%$ out4 ,value ( ,pumice ,?is *apt]1 :i* deals pr9cipally ) cyclon+1 seems to be a fitt+ place to discuss ! value ( ! pumice :i* comes z a wa/e product f ! cyclone4 ,al?\gh x has be5 repeat$ly demon/rat$ by *emical analysis t ?is pumice or tomato wa/e is a valuable by-product1 e "t ! "q has come up ( its utilization & prep>ation into a salable product or products1 ! decision has be5 t ! exp5se involv$ w\ld be too great to make x pay4 ,?is by-product is pr(itably h&l$ 9 ,italy1 produc+ an oil ( comm]cial value1 & an oil cake :i* is us$ = /ock fe$2 h[ev]1 ! conditions 9 ,italy & 9 ?is c\ntry are v diff]5t4 ,9 ! ,p>ma di/rict ( ,italy !re are =ty factories v close toge!r1 & little exp5se is involv$ 9 br++ ! wa/e to a c5tral po9t :]e en\gh ( x c be _h to keep a dry+ outfit & an oil press or oil extraction outfit busy4 ,labor is also v *eap & pl5tiful1 & !re is a ready m>ket = ! product1 ! oil be+ us$ z a soap /ock1 & ! oil cake f9d+ ready sale z a /ock fe$4 ,9 ?is c\ntry1 h[ev]1 !re is n en\gh wa/e at ev5 "o ( ! l>ge/ plants to pay = ! op]ation ( a dry+ outfit & ! pulp plants are s scatt]$ t haul+ or %ipp+ *>ges to a c5tral po9t w\ld be exp5sive4 ,fur!rmore1 labor is sc>ce & exp5sive4 ,t q a little labor is involv$ 9 ! prep>ation ( ! wa/e is soon discov]$ by a little exp]im5t+4 ,z ! wa/e f]m5ts quickly x mu/ be h&l$ z produc$1 or pres]v$ 9 "s way1 :i* w\ld be a que/ionable op]ation1 z ! oil cake is us$ = /ock fe$4 ,z ! sk9s are practically valueless1 !y mu/ be sep>at$ f ! se$s 9 :i* all ! value lies4 ,?is sep>ation c ei!r be c>ri$ out 9 ! moi/ /ate by a gravity sep>ation 9 wat]1 9 :i* ! se$s1 be+ heavy1 s9k1 & ! sk9s float2 or by ! use ( a fann+ mill aft] dry+1 9 :i* case ! dri$ sk9s1 be+ v light1 are bl[n out4 ,be=e dry+ ei!r ! se$s alone or ! unsep>at$ wa/e1 ! excess moi/ure mu/ be press$ out ) a hydraulic press4 ,! press$ product mu/ !n be brok5 up & put ?r\gh a /eam or hot air dry] ( ! rot>y1 cyl9drical type4 ,aft] ! se$s are dri$ to a #aj p] c5t moi/ure basis !y mu/ !n be gr\nd1 & ! oil extract$ ei!r by pressure1 or by dissolv+ x out ) a *emical ag5t1 su* z c>bon tetra*loride4 ,! oil cake :i* rema9s w\ld !n be sack$ = /ock fe$4 ,?is briefly gives an idea ( ! labor involv$1 & ! difficulties surr\nd+ ! situation4 ,x may be successfully work$ out "s "t1 b w require close co-op]ation f a numb] ( l>ge pulp plants :i* are ne> ea* o!r to be a success4 ,"s plants are giv+ ! wa/e to f>m]s if !y w haul x away1 & ,i "k ( "o f>m] :o has = ye>s fatt5$ a bun* ( hogs *eaply dur+ ! tomato season 9 ?is way4 ,x is a que] ?+1 ?\gh1 t mo/ f>m]s turn up _! noses at ! idea4 ,! se$1 :5 dri$ to a #aj p] c5t moi/ure basis1 conta9s ab\t #bc p] c5t prote9 & f #bj to #be p] c5t ( fat4 ,aft] ! fat is extract$ ! prote9 9 ! cake w run close to #cj p] c5t4 ,9 a te/ made by ! ,u4 ,s4 ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture ! gr\nd cake ran #cg p] c5t 9 prote91 :i* puts x 9 ab\t ! same class ) cottonse$ meal4 ,!y also ref9$ "s ( ! oil & are ( ! op9ion t x has ! qualities ( an edible oil4 ,if a factory uses ! cold pulp+ me?od ! mo/ pr(itable way to h&le ! pumice is to f]m5t x & !n sep>ate ! se$ & dry x1 & use x = plant+ ! foll[+ season4 ,c>e mu/ be tak51 h[ev]1 to keep out undesirable /ra9s & v>ieties =eign to ! "o :i* is be+ gr[n4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,cond5s+ ,,! ,,/ra9$ ,,or ,,cru%$ ,,tomatoes ,vacuum ,pan ,practically all ( ! tomato products made 9 ?is c\ntry are cook$ 9 an op5 kettle "u atmosph]ic pressure--ei!r a copp]-jacket$ kettle1 or a tank ) a clos$ coil4 ,! vacuum pan is us$1 h[ev]1 9 sev]al plants1 & makes a v high grade product--a bett] product z a rule ?an c be made by cond5s+ "u atmosph]ic pressure4 ,:5 tomato juice is cond5s$ 9 vacuum x boils at any:]e f #ed degrees ,f4 to #age degrees ,f41 dep5d+ ^u ! degree ( vacuum obta9$4 ,at sea level1 "u atmosph]ic pressure1 x boils at #bab degrees ,f4 ,by employ+ a l[ temp]ature1 & cond5s+ rapidly1 :i* c be done 9 ! vacuum pan1 ! natural bright r$ color ( ! tomatoes is affect$ v little by ! cook+4 ,high temp]atures & cont9u$ boil+ are ! ag5ts :i* de/roy tomato color z well z flavor4 ,! vacuum pan produces a pulp ( n only f9e color1 b ( v f9e flavor4 ,! reason ! vacuum me?od is n us$ m frequ5tly ?an x is is und\bt$ly due to ! difficulty 9 gett+ ! vacuum equipm5t1 & also to ! exp5se ( ! equipm5t :5 x c be obta9$4 ,types ( ,op5 ,kettles ,! op5 kettle me?od produces a v satisfactory product :5 ! prop] precautions are tak51 & if ! cook+ & subsequ5t processes are c>ri$ out intellig5tly1 ! f9i%$ product comp>es v favorably ) t :i* is cond5s$ 9 vacuum4 ,! types ( kettles 9 mo/ common use are ! copp] jacket$ kettle1 ! glass-l9$ tank ) clos$ copp] coil1 & ! cypress tank ) clos$ copp] coil4 ,all ( ^! give good results :]e ! jacket or coil is prop]ly con/ruct$1 ! /eam trap is ( ! "r type & takes c>e ( all ( ! cond5sation )\t all[+ x to back up into ! coil1 & ! kettle has a good head ( /eam s t a vigor\s boil c be ma9ta9$ ?r\gh\t ! cook+4 ,/eam ,pressure ,if ! /eam pressure at ! boil] is kept above #ge lbs41 & too mu* is n lo/ by radiation f uncov]$ pipes1 & by leaks at poorly pack$ flanges1 etc41 !re %\ld be no difficulty 9 ma9ta9+ a vigor\s boil4 ,! evaporation %\ld be s rapid t ! vaporiz+ /eam w burn ! h&1 ev5 if plac$ ov] ! kettle = a second4 ,if y c hold y\r h& ov] a kettle ( boil+ pulp1 ev5 = a few seconds1 y c be sure t y are n gett+ a prop] boil4 ,a pressure ( #ajj lbs4 is1 ( c\rse1 to be pref]r$ to #ge1 z x w effect a quick] cond5sation1 h[ev] !re is n a l>ge p]c5tage ( boil]s 9 tomato pulp plants t are p]mitt$ to c>ry z mu* z #ajj lbs4 ,! kettles %\ld be close to ! boil] room1 & ! /eam pipes fe$+ !m %\ld be z /raight & %ort z possible1 & cov]$ ) magnesia pipe cov]+ to prev5t excessive loss ( heat by radiation4 ,x is n an uncommon sight 9 cann+ plants to see ! ma9 pipe f ! boil] to ! cook+ kettles pass ?r\gh an areaway betwe5 two build+s1 & h no protective cov]+ :atev]4 ,su* sights1 h[ev]1 are becom+ m infrequ5t1 z pack]s are plugg+ up _m ( ! leaks ?r\gh :i* doll>s h escap$ e day 9 ye>s gone by4 ,! cond5sation f ! /eam traps c1 ( c\rse1 be us$ "r ov] aga9 9 ! boil]s4 ,copp]-,jacket$ ,kettles ,copp]-jacket$ kettles us$ = cond5s+ tomato products range all ! way f #ej gallons capacity to #ejj gallons1 ! l>g] size mak+ a bat* ( f9i%$ pulp ( ab\t #bej gallons z a rule4 ,a l>g] bat* ?an ?is c be cook$ 9 a #ejj-;gallon kettle1 b x is n advisable to keep pump+ fre% tomato juice into ! kettle too long1 z x gives too long a cook to ! fir/ t goes 94 ,=ty-five m9utes %\ld be ! absolute limit = a bat* ( pulp1 no matt] :at k9d ( a kettle x is cook$ 91 & x is mu* bett] to conf9e ! cook+ "t to #cj m9utes or less4 ,! %ort] ! cook1 ! bett] ! color & flavor ( ! f9i%$ product1 o!r ?+s be+ equal4 ,t9n+ ,kettles ,copp] kettles are frequ5tly l9$ ) block t9 to prev5t ! acid ( ! tomato f dissolv+ "s ( ! copp]4 ,! desirability ( ?is is argu$ bo? f a /&po9t ( heal? & flavor1 z dissolv$ copp]1 ev5 9 small quantity1 has a v bitt] ta/e4 ,x %\ld be rememb]$1 h[ev]1 t ! acid ( ! tomato1 :i* is g5]ally ?\ght to be citric acid1 is a weak organic acid1 & ! am\nt ( copp] dissolv$ 9 a bat* cook$ n ov] an h\r is exce$+ly small2 c]ta9ly s small z to h no ill effect ^u heal?4 ,z to ! "q ( flavor1 x w\ld inde$ take a v delicate palate to detect among a half doz5 samples :i* ones 7 cook$ 9 an unl9$ copp] kettle1 & :i* 9 a kettle l9$ ) block t9 or silv]4 ,! latt] is said to be us$ by "s pack]s4 ,x is a good idea1 h[ev]1 to play safe1 & l9e all kettles ) block t91 z we "k t !re is a small am\nt ( copp] tak5 up 9 solution 9 ! pulp4 ,?is is m important 9 ! case ( catsup & *ili sauce ?an :]e ! kettles are us$ = pulp alone1 z v9eg> & salt act on ! copp] mu* m sev]ely ?an tomato acid does4 ,z to ! ?ickness ( ! block t9 l9+1 an inspection ( ! kettles us$ by v>i\s pack]s %[s ?is to run all ! way f a good half-in* ?ick to a coat+ s ?9 t 9 "o season's use x is almo/ all scrap$ (f by friction 9 clean+ ! kettle4 ,! kettles %\ld be plat$ heavy en\gh to la/ sev]al seasons )\t re-t9n+1 h[ev] a coat+ a half-in* ?ick is unnecess>y & wa/eful ( /eam4 ,! same rem>ks apply to ! t9n+ ( copp] coils4 ,advantages ( ,v>i\s ,types ( ,kettles ,al?\gh copp]-jacket$ kettles h ! advantage ( be+ v easily clean$1 & also ! advantage ( wa/+ v little ( ! product :5 ! f9i%$ bat* is be+ dis*>g$1 ! l>ge tanks ( ei!r cypress or glass-l9$ /eel are com+ into use m & m because ( _! great] capacity4 ,x is true t !y are v slightly m wa/eful ?an ! jacket$ kettles1 b ?is really am\nts to v little if ! tanks are built ) a concave bottom4 ,!y take up no m room ?an ! jacket$ kettles1 & w hold a mu* l>g] volume1 z !y c be built s mu* high]4 ,if "o 7 to buy a s]ies ( copp]-jacket$ kettles to cook bat*es z l>ge z are commonly cook$ 9 tanks equipp$ ) copp] coils1 ! exp5se w\ld be v heavy1 !re w\ld be mu* exposure to metal1 & ! results obta9$ w\ld be no bett]1 or possibly n z good4 ,9 ! tank equipp$ ) a coil1 bat*es ( #cjj or #djj gallons are (t5 cook$1 & ! juice c g5]ally be cond5s$ to a specific gravity ( #a4jce 9 #be to #cj m9utes4 ,glass-,l9$ ,tank ,dur+ ! la/ few ye>s q a few pack]s1 :5 add+ to _! cook+ capacity1 h put 9 glass-l9$ /eel tanks4 ,! glass-l9$ tank is equipp$ ) coil & /eam trap 9 ! same mann] z ! cypress tank1 & x has c]ta9 advantages :i* make x v nice to "w )1 ev5 ?\gh ! fir/ co/ is consid]ably m ?an t ( a cypress tank ( equal capacity4 ,! only objection ,i h he>d to ! glass-l9$ tank is t x radiates m heat ?an a wood5 tank1 & on v hot days1 unless x is insulat$1 makes ! cook room m uncom=table ?an ! same capacity 9 cypress tanks w\ld4 ,h[ev]1 :5 ! tank is cov]$ ) cork insulation1 or asbe/os1 or ev5 wood /aves1 x radiates no m heat ?an a cypress tank4 ,! glass-l9$ tank is p]fectly sanit>y1 & is v easily clean$4 ,x is really ! mo/ sanit>y ?+ we h to cook 94 ,! surface is smoo? & entirely free f any irregul>ities su* z !re are b\nd to be betwe5 ! /aves ( ! cypress tank4 ,x is always ready = use1 & does n h to be swell$ & !n scrubb$ = a half day aft] /&+ idle = a :ile be=e x is fit to use aga94 ,!re are no places = molds to creep 9 & multiply4 ,fur!rmore1 be+ ( metal & all 9 "o piece1 a batt]y ( glass-l9$ tanks w n %ake l cypress tanks w :5 y are runn+ heavy & h sev]al tanks go+ full bla/ at ! same "t4 ,?is may seem r unimportant1 b x is q a relief to ! cook & 8 help]s1 z !y c g ab\t _! "w )\t hav+ _! n]ves rattl$4 ,j h[ long a glass-l9$ tank w la/ "u av]age conditions 9 a pulp or catsup plant is n kn[n1 z !y h n be5 9 use a great _m ye>s = ?is purpose2 h[ev]1 "o w\ld guess t !y w\ld be s]viceable almo/ indef9itely4 ,cypress ,tank ,cypress tanks %\ld be con/ruct$ ( #b-;in* mat]ial & made ) a slop+ or concave bottom1 pref]ably ! latt]4 ,!y w n imp>t any =eign ta/e to ! product1 z is sometimes ?\ght1 ev5 aft] becom+ *>r$ by long usage1 & if kept clean !y w rema9 sweet z long z !y are kept 9 cont9u\s use4 ,a mu/y ta/e is sometimes imp>t$ to pulp or catsup cook$ 9 a cypress tank if x has be5 /&+ idle = a long "t & is n ?or\ghly clean$ & boil$ out ) soda be=e x is us$ aga94 ,cypress tanks h ! advantage ( be+ *eap1 & also ( hav+ l>ge cook+ capacity4 ,clean+ ,kettles ,cook+ tanks & kettles %\ld be clean$ ?or\ghly aft] e bat*4 ,if ! /eam trap is work+ prop]ly ! burn+ on ! coils & sides ( ! kettle w be s slight t almo/ all ( x c be wa%$ (f ) ! hose if ! wat] pressure is /rong & ! hose is bu%$ d[n to "o-eigh? in*4 ,! be/ ?+s to use to take (f ! mat]ial :i* burns on h>d & black is a pot *a9 = coils1 & = ! jacket$ kettles a wire bru% or v /iff fib] bru% does v well4 ,if any ( ! bak$ on pulp is n remov$ be=e ! next bat* is cook$ x w int]f]e ) ! cook+ by l5g!n+ ! "t requir$ to f9i% ! bat*1 & by caus+ ! coils to burn /ill h>d] next "t4 ,! cook %\ld be in/ruct$ to get d[n 9 ! tanks frequ5tly1 & feel und]nea? 8 coils to see t !y are prop]ly clean$4 ,! manag] %\ld also make x a po9t to d ?is sev]al times a day4 ,8 quality w dep5d 9 no small degree on ! way 8 coils are clean$4 ,coil ,leaks ,leaks 9 coils %\ld be att5d$ to imm$iately1 z !y cut d[n ! available /eam pressure1 & soon become s l>ge t x becomes impossible to cook satisfactorily4 ,an ord9>y sold]+ job w only hold !m = a day or two1 & x is necess>y to take out ! coil & braze x if ! leak is to be p]man5tly m5d$4 ,/>t+ ! ,cook+ ,we w say t we are n[ pump+ ov] ! cyclon$ or cru%$ tomatoes into ! cook+ kettle4 ,"s pack]s p\r a cupful ( cottonse$ oil 9 ! kettle to assi/ 9 break+ ! boil1 o!rs rub ! sides ( ! kettle ) fat1 su* z a piece ( cocoa butt]1 :ile o!rs use no oil or fat at all1 b take c>e to fe$ ! kettle sl[ly & c>efully1 & cut ! foam ) a %>p spray ( wat] f ! hose to assi/ 9 break+ ! boil4 ,! oil or fat does seem to help "s1 b x is n necess>y if ! kettle is f$ c>efully4 ,z soon z ! coil or jacket is cov]$ ! /eam c be turn$ on full2 h[ev]1 ! exhau/ %\ld be op5$ imm$iately1 & n clos$ until all ! cond5sation :i* has collect$ 9 ! coil or jacket runs out & ! /eam comes ?r\gh p]fectly dry4 ,! cond5sation ( ! pulp %\ld !n be conduct$ z rapidly z possible1 pump+ ov] m ( ! tomato juice z ! kettle is able to take c>e ( x1 & boil+ cont9u\sly4 ,! eye soon le>ns to judge ! approa* ( ! f9i%+ po9t1 & !n ! exact f9i%+ po9t mu/ be det]m9$4 ,!re are _m ways ( do+ ?is1 & a numb] ( ways h be5 recomm5d$4 ,no me?od c succe$ :i* is n simple & quick1 & :i* (f]s sc>cely any *ance = error :5 us$ by a cook1 :om1 x mu/ be rememb]$1 is a man ( v ord9>y intellig5ce4 ,me?ods ( ,gaug+ ,f9i%+ ,po9t ,! simple/ me?od is gaug+ ! f9i%+ po9t by ! eye1 b ?is me?od is also ! lea/ accurate 9 ! h&s ( ! av]age cook4 ,cooks :o h _h ye>s ( exp]i5ce ) tomato pulp sometimes get to be v exp]t 9 gaug+ ! f9i%+ po9t by ! eye1 & c det]m9e x ) surpris+ accuracy4 ,su* a cook is ! exception1 h[ev]1 & mo/ pack]s h to use "s sort ( a me*anical me?od by :i* at lea/ fair accuracy c be c\nt$ on4 ,^! me?ods consi/ (3 fir/1 cond5s+ ! pulp to a c]ta9 m>k on ! kettle1 a def9ite volume ( juice hav+ be5 tak5 to />t )2 second1 cook+ a c]ta9 l5g? ( "t2 ?ird1 det]m9+ ! specific gravity ( ! hot pulp by weigh+ a def9ite quantity on a small balance2 f\r?1 e/imat+ ! gravity by ! use ( a hydromet]4 ,cook+ to a ,gauge on ,kettle ,) ! fir/ me?od ! am\nt ( tomato juice pump$ into ! kettle1 or ! numb] ( bu%els ( tomatoes f :i* ?is juice 0 d]iv$1 mu/ be measur$4 ,?is is a nuisance1 & is n necess>y ) any ( ! o!r me?ods except ! second4 ,fur!rmore1 ev5 ?\gh e bat* ( pulp cook$ dur+ ! season be made f a measur$ quantity ( tomatoes or tomato juice1 & cook$ to ! same po9t on ! measur+ /ick1 ! pulp w n all be ( ! same specific gravity1 because tomatoes are v wat]y at "s seasons ( ! ye> & v firm & solid at o!r times4 ,! wat]y tomatoes w make a ?9 pulp1 & ! firm tomatoes w make a heavi] pulp4 ,cook+ a ,def9ite ,l5g? ( ,"t ,cook+ = a c]ta9 l5g? ( "t is n dep5dable because ! /eam pressure is n always ! same1 ! coils d n always cond5se ! pulp ) ! same effici5cy1 & ! "* ( ! tomatoes v>ies dur+ ! season4 ,) ?is me?od x is also necess>y to />t ) a def9ite quantity ( tomato /ock = ea* bat*4 ,det]m9+ ,specific ,gravity by ,weight ,! ?ird me?od--t ( det]m9+ ! specific gravity by weight--is us$ z commonly z any ( ! o!rs4 ,! specific gravity ( pulp m]ely means ! comp>ison betwe5 ! weight ( a def9ite volume ( ! pulp & ! weight ( ! same volume ( wat] at ! same temp]ature4 ,if pulp has a specific gravity ( #a4jce1 t means t a gallon ( x is #a4jce times z heavy z a gallon ( wat]4 ,! det]m9ation1 z c>ri$ out 9 ! cook room1 is made ) a small trip balance1 a set ( weights1 & a copp] flask :i* is t9 l9$4 ,! weight ( ! empty flask is tak54 ,!n ! weight ( ! flask fill$ to ! top ) boil+ wat] is tak54 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 ^! two weights is ! weight ( wat] at ! boil+ po9t :i* ! flask conta9s4 ,:5 ! boil+ pulp approa*es ! f9i%+ po9t1 ! flask is fill$ to ! top ) ! boil+ pulp4 ,?is %\ld be done rapidly1 z ! pulp cools quickly1 & z x cools1 decreases 9 volume4 ,! weight ( ! flask fill$ ) pulp at ! boil+ po9t is tak54 ,?is weight1 m9us ! weight ( ! empty flask1 equals ! weight ( pulp at ! boil+ po9t :i* ! flask conta9s4 ,y n[ h ! weight ( boil+ wat] ! flask conta9s1 & ! weight ( boil+ pulp ! flask conta9s4 ,divide ! =m] into ! latt]1 & ! result 7! quoti5t7 is ! specific gravity4 ,= example1 if ! wat] weighs #a1jjj grams1 & ! pulp weighs #a1jce grams1 ! specific gravity is #a4jce4 ,if ! specific gravity ( cold pulp is tak51 !n cold wat] ( ! same temp]ature mu/ be tak5 z ! comp>ison4 ,! weight ( cold pulp mu/ n be comp>$ ) ! weight ( hot wat]1 & vice v]sa4 ,objections to ,weigh+ ,me?od ,"o ( ! objections to ! use ( ?is me?od is t !re is usually a c]ta9 am\nt ( air bubbles & foam 9 ! boil+ pulp & ?is causes an error1 z ! air takes up volume b does n weigh any?+4 ,ano!r objection is t ! det]m9ation is (t5 n made rapidly en\gh1 ) ! result t :ile ! flask is be+ fill$ ) boil+ pulp1 ! pulp is cool+ & correspond+ly decreas+ 9 volume1 & by ! "t ! flask is full1 x conta9s m pulp ?an x %\ld1 t is1 in/ead ( conta9+ #a1jjj cubic c5timet]s ( pulp at #baj degrees ,f41 x w conta9 ab\t #a1jaj cubic c5timet]s ( pulp at #bjj degrees ,f41 or possibly l[]4 ,"o reason = ?is delay is t ! foam caus$ by fill+ ! flask ) boil+ pulp rises 9 ! neck ( ! flask1 & makes x h>d to judge :5 ! flask is exactly full4 ,! ma9 difficulty ) ! me?od1 h[ev]1 is t pulp cooks d n h sci5tific m9ds1 !y d n appreciate ! importance ( do+ ! det]m9ation 9 a /rictly sci5tific way1 & ! results !y get are n v accurate4 ,i h frequ5tly *eck$ up on pulp cooks us+ ?is me?od1 & sometimes !y 7 v decid$ly (f4 ,te/+ ,) ,hydromet] ,! e/imation ( ! gravity ( ! boil+ pulp by ! use ( a hydromet] is n 9 v g5]al use1 & x has be5 /at$ by "s sci5tific m5 t a hydromet] is no good = tomato pulp or catsup except :]e ! sample on :i* ! te/ is made is previ\sly filt]$ s z to get a cle> liquid4 ,a te/ :i* involves filt]+1 is1 9 my op9ion1 entirely unsuit$ = ev]yday use on ! cook+ plat=m4 ,i h us$ ! hydromet] = te/+ pulp & catsup direct f ! kettle = sev5 ye>s1 & h _h m success ) ?is me?od ?an ) any o!r4 ,! hydromet] 0 nev] int5d$ to be us$ ) semi-solid sub/ances su* z tomato pulp1 b only ) liquids su* z br9e1 sug> syrup1 etc41 9 :i* !re is no solid matt] 9 susp5sion4 ,) liquids1 ! numb] ( degrees regi/]$ on ! hydromet] :5 x is imm]s$ 9 ! liquid is equal to a def9ite specific gravity4 ,?is is n true ) semi-solids su* z tomato pulp1 z ea* pack] mu/ "w out ! relation betwe5 ! degrees ( ! hydromet] & ! specific gravity on pulp "u ! conditions :i* obta9 9 8 plant4 ,?is is a v simple ?+ to d1 & once ! pack] has e/abli%$ ?is relation1 x w hold good z long z he is 9 ! pulp pack+ bus9ess4 ,! reason :y ?is relation is n ! same = all pack]s is because tomato juice is n scre5$ to ! same degrees ( f95ess 9 all plants1 & because all hydromet]s hav+ ! same scale w n "w ! same on pulp4 ,?is is because !y h diff]5t %apes4 ,! %apes may only v>y slightly1 :i* w n int]f]e ) _! accuracy on cle> liquids1 b x w make a diff]5ce :5 ! hydromet] is us$ 9 tomato pulp4 ,fur!rmore1 "s ( ! hydromet]s w probably h too mu* v>iation 9 _! diamet] at diff]5t po9ts1 :i* is a disadvantage :5 !y are us$ 9 tomato pulp4 ,i h !re=e always _h ! hydromet]s :i* ,i h us$ = ?is te/ made to ord] & to con=m to c]ta9 specifications :i* ,i laid d[n4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #c4 ,special hydromet] = te/+ tomato pulp & catsup4 7,c4 ,j4 ,tagliabue ,mfg4 ,co47 ,9 ,fig4 #c is illu/rat$ a hydromet] :i* is manufactur$ by ! ,c4 ,j4 ,tagliabue ,mfg4 ,co4 ( ,brooklyn1 & :i* is made to con=m to ^! specifications1 :i* are3 fir/1 p]fect balance2 second1 a m9imum am\nt ( v>iation 9 ! diamet] ( ! v>i\s p>ts ( ! sp9dle ) ! slope v gradual2 ?ird1 a ,beaume scale read+ f #j to #ej degrees2 f\r?1 t x c be obta9$ 9 exact duplicate 9 any quantity4 ,if ! diamet] at v>i\s po9ts 9 ! sp9dle is slight1 ) ! slope v gradual1 x seems to be an advantage4 ,x is1 ( c\rse1 necess>y t exact duplicates c be obta9$ to use :5 ! fir/ "o1 on :i* y\r calculations are bas$1 is brok54 ,9 ord] to avoid disappo9tm5ts :i* w\ld be v apt to result f ! use ( a hydromet] :i* 0 n p>ticul>ly adapt$ to ?is te/1 & :i* w\ld v likely be difficult ( exact duplication1 ! type illu/rat$ above %\ld be adh]$ to1 & x w be f\nd to give good results :5 us$ z direct$ 9 ?is *apt]4 ,two pulps ( ! same specific gravity1 & ( practically ! same degree ( f95ess1 if te/$ hot1 w regi/] ! same on ! same hydromet]1 or on two hydromet]s :i* are exactly alike 9 e respect4 7,! hydromet] does n "w well on cold pulp unless ! pulp is ?947 ,two pulps ( ! same specific gravity1 %[+ a v m>k$ diff]5ce 9 _! degree ( f95ess1 w n regi/] ! same on ! same hydromet]1 because1 ev5 ?\gh a def9ite volume ( ea* w weigh ! same1 ! two pulps are ( diff]5t ?icknesses1 :i* w h an effect on ! degree to :i* ! hydromet] w s9k :5 plac$ 9 ! pulp4 ,h[ev]1 if a pack] cyclones 8 tomatoes be=e cond5s+ !m1 & uses ! same me% ( wire scre5 9 8 cyclone all ! "t1 8 pulp w all be ( ! same degree ( f95ess1 & ?is po9t is elim9at$4 ,e pulp pack] :o cyclones 8 tomatoes1 & :o uses ! same me% ( scre5 9 8 cyclone ?r\gh\t ! season1 c use ! hydromet] = te/+ 8 pulp & c obta9 uni=mity )\t ! use ( any complex app>atus4 ,! relation betwe5 ! hydromet] read+ & ! desir$ specific gravity is arriv$ at z foll[s3 ,:5 ! boil+ pulp approa*es ! f9i%+ po9t1 p\r a sample into a tall gallon measure & take ! hydromet] read+ imm$iately4 ,save ?is sample1 put x ?r\gh ! f9i%+ ma*9e along ) sev]al additional gallons dipp$ f ! kettle s z to get a good siz$ sample ?r\gh ! f9i%]1 tak+ c>e t ! bru%es are dry s z n to dilute ! sample1 & h ! specific gravity det]m9$ on ?is f9i%$ sample :5 x gets cold4 ,take o!r samples f ! kettle at five-m9ute int]vals1 & save !m = ! same purpose1 aft] gett+ ! hydromet] read+4 ,we w say t "o ( ^! samples1 :5 te/$ = specific gravity1 ran #a4jce4 ,! pack] looks up ! hydromet] read+ he got on ?is sample1 :5 tak5 hot f ! kettle1 & f9ds ! read+ 0 #ah degrees4 ,he !n kn[s t = pulp ( ! degree ( f95ess he gets f 8 cyclone1 #ah degrees on 8 hydromet] equals specific gravity #a4jce aft] f9i%+4 ,he may also f9d t = ! sample t 0 tak5 f ! kettle five m9utes lat]1 specific gravity #a4jd is equival5t to #bd degrees "u ! same conditions4 ,he n[ has e/abli%$ a relation betwe5 ! degrees on 8 hydromet] & ! actual specific gravity4 7,! reason = putt+ ! pulp ?r\gh a f9i%] be=e det]m9+ ! specific gravity is t he wants to make ?is te/ "u ! same conditions t ! buy] w\ld make x47 ,n[1 if ! pack] decides t he wants to cond5se 8 season's run ( pulp to #a4jce1 he simply cooks x all to #ah degrees on 8 hydromet]1 provid+ ?is is ! comp>ison he got4 ,"u 8 conditions he may f9d t #af or #bj degrees equals specific gravity #a4jce4 ,z /at$ be=e1 ea* pack] mu/ det]m9e ?is = himself4 ,me?od ( ,us+ ,hydromet] ,! cook %\ld fill a tall gallon measure ) ! boil+ pulp & all[ ! sp9dle to s9k into x sl[ly4 ,d n drop x into ! pulp s t x w fall sudd5ly1 z ! weight ( ! m]cury or %ot 9 ! bottom w c>ry x f>!r ?an x %\ld g4 ,x w be notic$ t ! sp9dle w s9k rapidly = a few seconds & !n almo/ come to a /&/ill4 ,at ?is po9t--:5 a /&/ill is almo/ rea*$--! read+ %\ld be tak54 ,x requires q a little "t to rea* an absolute /&/ill1 & ?is is n necess>y1 z x is easy1 ) a little practice1 to cat* ! o!r po9t & take ! read+4 ,aft] ! read+ is tak51 lift out ! sp9dle1 /ir ! pulp ) x1 & all[ x to s9k aga9 z a *eck det]m9ation1 m]ely = ! satisfaction ( be+ d\bly sure4 ,y w f9d t y get ! same read+ unless y wait s long be=e mak+ ! *eck det]m9ation t ! sample has _h a *ance to cool consid]ably4 ,z ! te/ only takes t5 seconds1 ! two te/s c be made 9 a half m9ute at ! mo/1 :i* gives ! pulp no *ance to cool4 ,! hydromet] me?od is n absolutely fool pro(1 b x is z ne> fool pro( z any?+ ,i "k (4 ,nei!r is x ! acme ( p]fection 9 a pulp te/+ me?od1 b x is1 9 my op9ion1 f> bett] ?an any?+ t has be5 sugge/$ to date4 ,x is simple1 & accurate en\gh = all practical purposes1 & any ord9>y labor] c be %[n 9 a few m9utes h[ to make ! te/1 & ! *ances ( error are v small inde$4 ,?is me?od w n "w :]e cru%$ tomatoes are be+ cond5s$4 ,x is necess>y t ! tomato juice be previ\sly cyclon$4 ,! pulp mu/ be homog5e\s & n lumpy & full ( sk9s to be capable ( be+ te/$ by ! direct hydromet] me?od4 ,:5 det]m9+ ! f9i%+ po9t on cru%$ tomatoes x is be/ to use ei!r ! eye or ! specific gravity te/ by weigh+4 ,f9i%+ ! ,cook+ ,! /eam %\ld be kept on ! kettle cont9u\sly until ! bat* is done4 ,:ile te/+ is be+ done x is n necess>y to %ut (f ! /eam4 ,if salt is us$ x %\ld be scatt]$ ov] ! bat* sl[ly a few m9utes be=e x is done4 ,salt increases ! specific gravity1 & also ! hydromet] read+4 ,! relation betwe5 ! hydromet] read+ & ! specific gravity c be work$ out j z well :]e salt is us$ z :5 x is n us$4 ,! addition ( salt does add to ! flavor1 & "s buy]s pref] x1 :ile o!rs d n4 ,i h se5 buy]s pick out a poor quality pulp ) salt 9 x 9 pref]5ce to a mu* bett] quality ) no salt4 ,z soon z ! /eam valve is clos$ ! exhau/ %\ld be op5$ to dis*>ge ! /eam f ! coil or jacket & all[ x to cool z quickly z possible4 ,x is (t5 necess>y to hold bat*es 9 ! cook+ kettles = "s "t aft] ! cook+ is f9i%$4 ,?is d>k5s ! pulp "s1 bo? because ( contact ) ! air1 :ile hot1 & f long contact ) ! sides ( ! kettle or coil1 :i* rema9 hot4 ,cook$ pulp %\ld !re=e be dis*>g$ f ! kettle j z soon z possible4 ,if held ov] #cj m9utes 9 ! kettle x %\ld be giv5 a mom5t>y boil be=e lett+ x d[n4 ,be c>eful to avoid contam9ation 9 ! kettle aft] ! /eam is %ut (f1 su* z cold dirty wat] dripp+ 9 f raft]s ov]head1 & leaks f pipes ov] ! kettles ?r\gh :i* cold tomato juice is fl[+4 ,su* mat]ial w n become /]iliz$ m]ely by contact ) ! hot pulp1 & may cause swells 9 ! cann$ product if !re is v mu* ( x4 ,,*apt] ,v ,,convey+ ,,! ,,cond5s$1 ,,/ra9$1 ,,or ,,cru%$ ,,tomatoes ,,to ,,! ,,f9i%+ ,,ma*9e ,,& ,,f9i%+ ,,same ,convey+ to ,f9i%] ,! few] pipes & receiv+ tanks ! cond5s$ pulp passes ?r\gh be=e be+ fill$ 9 ! cans1 ! bett]4 ,all ( ?is convey+ & f9i%+ equipm5t (f]s possibilities ( contam9ation1 & all[s ! cook$ pulp to cool to "s ext5t be=e x is fill$4 ,elim9ate z mu* equipm5t z possible betwe5 ! cook+ kettle & ! fill]1 & h ! pulp ent] ! cans at at lea/ #agj degrees ,f41 & if possible1 at #ahj degrees or above4 ,a receiv+ tank betwe5 ! cook+ kettles & ! fill] %\ld be disp5s$ ) if possible1 & ! f9i%+ ma*9e draw ! cook$ pulp direct f ! kettle by means ( a %ort l9e ( enamel l9$ pipe4 ,receiv+ ,tanks ,un=tunately ! arrangem5t ( _m plants is su* t x is almo/ necess>y to use a receiv+ tank2 at lea/ 9 su* cases x w\ld be a disadvantage n to h "o4 ,:]e a tank mu/ be us$ "h x %\ld be 9 su* a position t x is easily accessible1 s t x w n be necess>y = a man to be an acrobat to get into x1 inspect x1 & see t x is kept clean1 & t an in* ( pulp is n all[$ to lie 9 x & get cold :ile wait+ = ano!r bat* to come d[n4 ,! be/ k9d ( a tank = ?is purpose is an enamel or glass-l9$ tank ) a r\nd$1 tap]+ bottom s t x w almo/ dra9 itself completely1 & :at little adh]es to ! sides c be scrap$ d[n 9 a few seconds if x is necess>y to wait five or t5 m9utes = a fre%1 hot bat* to come d[n4 ,ev5 if x isn't scrap$ at all x w probably n cause any tr\ble 9 a tank l ?is4 ,wood5 tanks w d1 ( c\rse1 b x w\ld pay a pack] :o mu/ use a tank "h to ?r[ out 8 wood5 "o & put 9 a tank su* z is recomm5d$ above4 ,x is h>d to con/ruct a wood5 tank s t x w dra9 well2 9 fact1 n9e out ( t5 sc>cely dra9 !mselves at all2 !y are nev] kept z clean z !y %\ld be1 & wet wood seems to be a favorite spot = molds to gr[1 s t frequ5t scrubb+ is necess>y if x is kept sanit>y4 ,x is mo/ important to inspect ! receiv+ tank c>efully be=e x is fir/ us$ 9 ! morn+1 z !y sometimes mold slightly ov] night1 or dirt falls into !m f ov]head4 ,a /eam hose %\ld be kept close to a wood5 tank to /]ilize x at night aft] x is scrubb$ out4 ,f9i%+ ,:e!r or n a receiv+ tank is us$1 ! f9i%+ ma*9e %\ld be z close to ! cook+ kettles z possible1 & %\ld receive con/ant att5tion f a c>eful op]ator :o c compreh5d to "s degree ! importance ( keep+ x clean4 ,if ! fill+ dep>tm5t gets ahead ( ! cook+ dep>tm5t & is oblig$ to wait fifte5 m9utes or a half h\r = a fre% bat* ( pulp to come d[n1 ! man :o t5ds to ! f9i%] %\ld take x ap>t at once1 wa% x (f1 /eam x (f ?or\ghly ) ! /eam hose1 & put x toge!r aga9 s t x w be clean & practically /]ile :5 x receives ! next bat*4 ,o!rwise ! scre5 & ! bru%es w be clogg$ up ) cold pulp :5 ! fre% bat* comes d[n1 :i* is a bad condition1 especially if ! pulp is n to be /]iliz$ aft] x is fill$1 :i* is usually ! case ) #e-;gal4 pulp4 ,ev5 ?\gh ! f9i%] is op]at$ cont9u\sly ?r\gh ! day1 x %\ld be tak5 ap>t & clean$ at lea/ twice dur+ ! morn+ & twice dur+ ! aft]noon4 ,! f9i%+ ma*9e %\ld be op]at$ sl[ly1 s t ! pumice w come out dry4 ,! small receiv+ box "u ! f9i%] %\ld dra9 completely s t x does n h a foot ( cold pulp ly+ 9 x :5 ! f9i%] is idle4 ,scre5 ,metal = ,f9i%] ,! be/ k9d ( scre5 = ! f9i%] is made ( monel metal4 ,! brass scre5 is m common2 h[ev]1 ! same ?+ c be _h 9 monel metal1 & x does n (f] ! opportunity = metallic contam9ation t ! brass scre5 does4 ,! monel metal scre5s we> v well & h prov5 !mselves to be satisfactory 9 e respect4 ,alum9um %\ld n be us$1 z x is eat5 up by ! tomato acid & w n la/ long4 ,effect ( ,f9i%+ on ,mold ,c\nt ,! op9ion has (t5 be5 express$ t ! bru%+ ( ! pulp ?r\gh ! f9e me%es ( ! scre5 breaks up ! small clumps ( mold & scatt]s !m 9 small ?reads ?r\gh\t ! mass1 ?us increas+ ! mold c\nt1 s9ce ?is c\nt is n bas$ on ! total quantity ( mold pres5t1 b ^u ! numb] ( microscopic fields conta9+ molds4 ,?us1 by scatt]+ ! mold1 in/ead ( all[+ x to be reta9$ 9 comp>atively l>ge clumps1 ! numb] ( microscopic fields conta9+ mold ?reads w\ld be increas$4 ,al?\gh "o might reasonably expect ?is to take place1 exp]im5ts h prov5 t x does n take place4 ,sev]al ye>s ago1 9 ord] to det]m9e ?is po9t1 ,i analyz$ ?irty bat*es ( catsup j be=e ent]+ ! f9i%] & aga9 j aft] com+ ?r\gh ! f9i%]4 ,9 e case ! p]c5tage ( microscopic fields conta9+ molds aft] f9i%+ 0 practically ! same z be=e f9i%+4 ,a cone-%ap$ f9i%] ) ?ree revolv+ bru%es & f9e me% scre5 0 us$ = ?is te/4 ,f9i%+ ,be=e ,cook+ ,al?\gh ! f9i%+ ma*9e1 if prop]ly t5d$ to1 is probably responsible = v little ( ! spoilage 9 pulp1 x has be5 sugge/$ to use ! f9i%] be=e ! pulp is cond5s$4 ,!n ! pulp c be drawn direct f ! kettle to ! cans1 & ! *ance ( contam9ation & cool+ 9 ! f9i%] c be elim9at$4 ,?is idea is well wor? exp]im5t+ )1 z ! pulp c\ld be fill$ at almo/ ! boil+ po9t4 ,i h n tri$ out ?is idea1 b (f] x "h z a possibility :i* has advantages :i* are well wor? look+ into4 ,pack]s :o are hav+ spoilage tr\ble :i* !y _c attribute to o!r causes w\ld d well to exp]im5t ) x4 ,z to :e!r bo? ! pulp ma*9e & f9i%] w\ld h to be us$ be=e ! cook+1 or :e!r ! f9i%] alone w\ld d1 provid+ ! tomatoes 7 previ\sly cru%$1 or cook$ 9 a 8break+ tank10 w\ld h to be det]m9$ by exp]im5t4 ,! me?od may be 9 use n[ by "s pack]s2 h[ev]1 ,i h n he>d ( x be+ us$4 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,fill+ ,,! ,,f9i%$ ,,pulp ,,& ,,/or+ ,,! ,,cann$ ,,product ,fill+ ,devices = ,five ,gallons ,! mo/ commonly us$ conta9]s = pulp are ! five-gallon c1 ! ,no4 #aj & ! ,no4 #a c4 ,! usual me?od ( fill+ #e-;gal4 cans is to draw ! pulp f ! f9i%+ ma*9e by means ( a l>ge1 heavy wall1 s+le l9e hose fill+ "o c at a "t4 ,"s pack]s use a manifold by :i* five cans c be fill$ at once4 ,?is requires a lot ( valves & enamel l9$ pipe fitt+s1 & unless ! op]ator is v exp]t ! manifold w n d ! "w any fa/] ?an a s+le l9e hose4 ,squ>e ,c & ,r\nd ,c ,! squ>e #e-;gal4 c is pref]r$ by ne>ly all pack]s to ! r\nd c4 ,! r\nd c is h>d to h&le1 h>d to /ack1 & is v wa/eful ( space :]ev] x is /ack$4 ,! squ>e c is to be pref]r$ 9 e way4 ,te/+ = ,leaks ,:5 new cans are be+ us$ x %\ldn't be tak5 = grant$ t !y are absolutely free f leaks1 z x is sometimes f\nd t a l>ge p]c5tage ( a c> ( cans w run bad1 & ! pack] %\ld te/ repres5tative samples f ! c> z soon z x is receiv$1 s t he c reject x & secure o!r cans if ! c> doesn't te/ up "r4 ,! be/ way to d ?is te/+ is ) a small tank ( wat]1 a "o-eigh? in* air l9e1 giv+ ab\t f\r p\nds pressure1 & a c te/]4 ,a simple k9d ( c te/] c be easily con/ruct$ 9 any blacksmi? %op1 & m]ely consi/s ( an iron brace to fit ar\nd ! c & :i* c be quickly tight5$ ov] ! c & releas$1 & a s(t rubb] semi-circle to fit tightly into ! cap hole & :i* is gripp$ at ! top & held 9 place by "o side ( ! brace4 ,! "o-eigh? in* brass air pipe passes ?r\gh ! c5t] ( ! rubb] semi-circle & into ! c4 ,z soon z ! c is tightly clamp$ & ! cap hole seal$ by ! rubb]1 ! air is turn$ on & ! c is imm]s$ 9 ! wat]4 ,! leaks %[ up v quickly "u a f\r-p\nd pressure1 & a doz5 cans c be te/$ 9 z _m m9utes4 ,wa%+ & ,/eam+ ,new cans1 z well z old ones1 %\ld be ?or\ghly wa%$ & /eam$ be=e fill+4 ,!re is (t5 a f9e1 light color$ du/ 9 new cans :i* a good /rong spray ( wat] prop]ly direct$ into ! inv]t$ cans w remove4 ,?r\gh ! same pipe :i* directs ! spray ( wat] into ! cans1 ! cans c be /eam$ by means ( a simple arrangem5t ( valves on ! /eam & wat] pipes4 ,a wa%+ & /eam+ rack c easily be fitt$ up :i* w wa% & /eam a half doz5 cans at once4 ,a s+le /ream ( wat] ent]+ ! cap hole ( ! inv]t$ c is n suffici5t to clean x4 ,! pipe :i* ent]s ! cap hole %\ld be capp$1 & ab\t ?ree holes drill$ into ?is cap at a slight slant s t ! upw>d spray ( wat] w /rike ?ree diff]5t spots 9 ! bottom ( ! inv]t$ c1 & make ! wa%+ ?or\gh4 ,if ! av]age pack] c\ld see j h[ little ( ! inside surface ( 8 #e-;gal4 cans is actually wa%$1 he w\ld be surpris$4 ,ab\t fifte5 seconds is suffici5t "t to spray ! inside ( ! cans1 & !n ! wat] valve c be clos$ & ! /eam valve turn$ on4 ,! /eam %\ld be kept on = a full m9ute & kept on /rong4 ,! idea is n m]ely to heat ! c b to /]ilize x1 at lea/ to "s degree1 be=e ! pulp is admitt$4 ,! av]age employee /eam+ #e-;gal4 cans leaves ! /eam on t5 seconds at ! mo/1 & (t5 n m ?an ?ree seconds4 ,su* a %ort /eam+ does v little good4 ,! space ( "t betwe5 ! /eam+ & fill+ %\ld be j z %ort z possible4 ,! employees %\ld n be p]mitt$ to keep a half doz5 cans /eam$ ahead all ! "t s t !y are cold by ! "t ! pulp ent]s !m4 ,fill+ & ,capp+ ,z /at$ 9 ! previ\s *apt]1 ! temp]ature ( ! pulp :5 x is fill$ %\ld be at lea/ #agj degrees ,f4 & pref]ably above #ahj degrees4 ,! cans %\ld be fill$ cle> to ! top ) ! pipe or hose :i* conducts ! hot pulp f ! f9i%]2 !y %\ld n be topp$ (f out ( a dipp] :i* conta9s luke w>m pulp & is us$ = topp+ purposes4 ,x is n necess>y to d ?is topp+ & ! practice %\ld n be p]mitt$4 ,! sponges :i* are us$ = wip+ ! edges ( ! cap hole %\ld be kept 9 a bucket ( clean1 hot wat]1 & put back 9 ! bucket aft] be+ us$ on a truckload ( cans4 ,! capp+ & tipp+ job %\ld und]go inspection be=e ! cans are truck$ away4 ,h&l+ ,fill$ ,cans ,cans ( fill$ pulp %\ld be h&l$ c>efully4 ,! cans %\ld be set d[n easily1 s z to /ra9 ! seams z little z possible4 ,( c\rse ! labor] wants to let g ( cans ( r$-hot pulp j z quickly z possible1 b x is n necess>y to drop !m sev]al in*es1 & ! employees %\ld be taught to set ! c on edge & !n let its weight /raight5 x up4 ,if ! employee is giv5 good ?ick gloves x is j z easy to h&le ! cans c>efully4 ,i _h occasion at "o "t to *eck up on ! p]c5tage ( swells result+ f "o pile ( pulp :i* 0 /ack$ by an old h& :o knew h[ to h&le pulp easily & c>efully1 & ano!r pile f ! same day's run :i* 0 /ack$ by a gang ( new & un9/ruct$ help :o simply pick$ ! cans (f ! truck & dropp$ !m 9 place4 ,^! 7 second-h& cans1 & ! diff]5ce 0 consid]able4 ,bo? fill$ cans & empty cans %\ld be h&l$ almo/ l eggs4 ,"o l>ge pulp pack+ conc]n is p>ticul>ly cauti\s ab\t ?is1 & x is c]ta9ly soo?+ to ! n]ves to see _! employees h&l+ #e-;gal4 cans aft] witness+ ! r\gh & tumble me?ods 9 ! av]age plant4 ,!y "k t x pays to be p>ticul>1 & t !y c get ?ree ye>s' use out ( almo/ all ( _! #ace-lb4 plate cans1 & n h _m swells ei!r4 ,?is conc]n r>ely sells any ( _! pulp1 b puts x up = _! own use1 to be made into bean sauce1 catsup1 s\p1 etc41 dur+ ! w9t] mon?s4 ,advantages ( ,sep>at+ ,bat*es ,"s pack]s /ack _! pulp away )\t dat+ x2 o!rs date ea* day's run2 :ile o!rs /ack ea* bat* sep>ately4 ,! latt] sy/em is practicable :]e ! pulp is cook$ 9 l>ge bat*es ( ab\t #cjj gallons or m & 9 work+ up ! pulp dur+ ! w9t] mon?s x is a great help4 ,= in/ance1 suppose "p ( ! pulp is to be us$ = catsup & "p = bean sauce4 ,! pack] c take bat*es "o to fifty1 = example1 op5 "o c f ea* bat*1 exam9e x = color & microscopical analysis & he kn[s exactly :at he has 9 t /ack ( pulp1 :i* may be ?ree ?\s& cans4 ,he c select ! v>i\s bat*es to be us$ = ! purpose to :i* !y are be/ adapt$1 & he c be absolutely sure t ea* c 9 a bat* is exactly ! same 9 e respect4 ,take ano!r example3 ,we w say t ! pack] is sell+ 8 pulp4 ,8 records %[ t on ,septemb] #bj? & on ,octob] #bnd1 = in/ance1 he _h a lot ( bad tomatoes2 %ipm5ts receiv$ on ^? days 7 unavoidably held up & he _h to make ! be/ ( ! situation4 ,he kn[s1 h[ev]1 t on ^? same dates he _h a lot ( good tomatoes :i* came 9 by wagon haul & t !y 7 run up at ! same "t4 ,he has a l>ge ord] = pulp f a catsup mak] :o is v p>ticul> ab\t ! microscopical analysis ( ! goods he buys4 ,9 ord] to play absolutely safe1 ! pack] c take a sample f ea* bat* ( ! pulp run on ,septemb] #bj? & ,octob] #bnd1 & if a half doz5 bat*es run too high he c omit !m :5 he makes ! %ipm5t to ?is buy]4 ,if he pres]v$ a sample f ea* bat* run on ^! dates at ! "t !y 7 run1 :i* is ! bett] way1 x makes ! sort+ out ( ?is pulp a v easy matt]4 ,he ?us elim9ates ! dang] ( ! loss ( a good buy] by s5d+ him ev5 a comp>atively small quantity ( pulp :i* is high 9 micro-organisms4 ,x may seem to "o :o has nev] tri$ x t /ack+ ea* bat* ( pulp sep>ately w\ld involve an awful lot ( extra labor1 & loss ( valuable space :5 /ack+4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 x involves no extra labor at all & no extra space4 ,i h _h a season's pack ( pulp am\nt+ to #ge1jjj #e-;gal4 cans at "o plant & cook$ 9 bat*es ( #cjj gallons ea*1 /ack$ ea* bat* sep>ate & x 0 no tr\ble at all4 ,! inspector :o exam9$ ! tipp+ & capp+ job1 or ! tipp]1 if ! inspect+ 0 done by him1 m]ely took a f9e /iff bru% & a m>k+ pot & m>k$ ! bat* numb] on ! cap ( ea* c4 ,?is only takes a half m9ute = a truck load4 ,! date 0 n m>k$ on ! c1 z a record ( ! bat* numb]s run on ea* date dur+ ! season 0 kept at ! (fice4 ,:5 ! pulp 0 pil$ away ea* bat* 0 /ack$ toge!r1 & :]e "o bat* left (f & ano!r "o began a slip ( wood 0 ins]t$ betwe5 two ( ! cans4 ,on days :5 ! tomatoes are runn+ bad1 or !re is a sc>city ( help = ! sort+ belt1 x is wise to pres]ve a sample f ea* bat* & h an analysis made ( x = ref]5ce :5 ! pulp is %ipp$ out4 ,on days :5 a good grade ( tomatoes are be+ run x is h>dly necess>y to analyze e bat*1 b a sample ( ab\t e ?ird bat* c be tak54 ,/ack+ ea* day's run sep>ate is1 ( c\rse1 bett] ?an no sep>ation at all4 ,h[ev]1 !re are n _m days :5 ! entire run w h a simil> analysis2 ! be/ becomes insep>ably mix$ up ) ! wor/1 & :5 ! pulp is work$ up ! pack] is work+ 9 ! d>k4 ,to /ack a season's run away )\t any sy/em ( sep>at+ v>i\s divisions ( x is ! wor/ k9d ( folly1 & is almo/ sure to lead to tr\ble4 ,h[ to ,/ack ,:5 ! pulp is /ack$ away a space ( at lea/ an in* %\ld be left betwe5 ea* c to all[ ! air to circulate & prev5t /ack burn+4 ,if ?is is n done1 a pile ( pulp may hold ! heat = a week or t5 days1 & ! pulp1 p>ticul>ly t on ! inside1 w become br[n or ev5 black1 due to ! long exposure to ! heat4 ,! quick] ! pulp c be cool$1 ! m ! bright r$ color ( ! tomato w be reta9$4 ,! height to :i* ! pulp is /ack$ dep5ds ^u ! heav9ess ( ! plate ( :i* ! c is made1 & also1 ( c\rse1 ^u ! weight ! floor ( ! w>eh\se is able to /&4 ,z a rule x is n wise to pack #e-;gal4 cans ( #ajg-lb4 plate ov] f\r high1 & n ov] five high = cans ( #ace-lb4 plate4 ,dry1 %elt]$ /orage %\ld be provid$ = pulp1 & x w be f\nd to pay 9 ! end4 ,exposure to ! elem5ts is v h>d on ! cans1 & alt]nate freez+ & ?aw+ ( ! pulp is a great /ra9 on ! seams ( ! c4 ,a comp>ison ( ! leaks & swells on pulp /or$ 9 %elt]1 & t /or$ 9 ! op51 w conv9ce ! pack] t x pays to con/ruct dry /orage space4 ,n>r[ aisleways %\ld be provid$ = betwe5 ! /ack$ pulp s t x c be frequ5tly inspect$ = leaks & swells4 ,by pull+ out a leak] 9 "t1 sev]al o!r cans are prev5t$ f becom+ leak]s1 z ! leak+ pulp f "o c w run d[n on sev]al o!rs1 & ! pulp1 9 connection ) ! oxyg5 ( ! air1 w eat ?r\gh ! t9 plate1 caus+ ru/ spots1 & !n p9 holes4 ,frequ5t inspection ( ! pulp pile & pull+ out cans :5 !y are j beg9n+ to leak or swell w save ! pack] a lot ( money4 ,cans %\ld n be /ack$ on ?9 bo>ds :i* w leave ! surface ( ! c close to ! gr\nd1 z ! moi/ure ( ! gr\nd w quickly ru/ ! t94 ,x almo/ seems fooli% to m5tion su* a po9t1 b mu* pulp is /ack$ ?is way & ! entire bottom lay] :5 turn$ up w be moldy & ru/y on "o side4 ,! surface ( ! c %\ld be at lea/ two in*es f ! gr\nd4 ,lacqu]+ w help "s1 b w n prev5t ru/+ if ! cans are close to ! gr\nd4 ,process+ ,no?+ has up to ?is po9t be5 said ab\t ! process+ ( #e-;gal4 pulp4 ,v few pack]s process _! pulp1 & _m unprocess$ packs h be5 put up t h n %[n ov] #a p] c5t ( leaks & swells :]e new cans 7 us$ & ! v>i\s manufactur+ processes 7 c>ri$ out z !y %\ld be4 ,9 _m cases a long %ipm5t ( su* pulp1 aft] hav+ be5 /or$ 9 a %elt]$ place = sev]al mon?s1 has produc$ v few additional swells4 ,"o l>ge pack] ( pulp has = ye>s giv5 8 #e-;gal4 cans a #cj-m9ute process 9 boil+ wat]1 hav+ !m pass sl[ly ?r\gh a boil+ wat] ba? on a *a9 c>ri]1 ! spe$ ( :i* is regulat$ s z to give ea* c ! requir$ "t 9 ba?4 ,! cans are plac$ on ! *a9 z soon z !y are capp$ & tipp$4 ,al?\gh ?is pack] is v c>eful 9 8 manufactur+ me?ods he processes z a matt] ( insurance1 pr9cipally because a great deal ( 8 pulp is %ipp$ long di/ances4 ,he mu/ figure t x pays him or he w\ldn't keep x up1 z ! process+ involves q a little extra h&l+ & extra equipm5t1 & ( c\rse has a t5d5cy to d>k5 ! pulp some:at4 ,?irty m9utes at boil+ temp]ature is1 ( c\rse1 n suffici5t "t to br+ ! c5t] ( ! c ne> ! boil+ po9t1 b x w /]ilize ! c itself & t portion ( ! pulp :i* is ne> ! outside4 ,if ! pulp is fill$ v hot1 t portion ( x :i* is 9 ! c5t] ( ! c1 be+ ! la/ to cool1 %\ld practically /]ilize itself4 ,life ( ,cans ,:]e a pack] puts up pulp 9 #e-;gal4 cans = 8 own use dur+ ! w9t] mon?s he ought to be able to get two ye>s' use out ( all ( 8 cans1 & ?ree ye>s out ( a l>ge p]c5tage ( !m4 ,x is que/ionable :e!r x is ev] advisable to use a c ov] ?ree seasons4 ,"o rea*es a po9t :]e ! p]c5tage ( swells is s l>ge ) old cans t ! sav+ ( ! cans is unpr(itable4 ,:5 a new c is fir/ us$1 ! ye> %\ld be indelibly /amp$ on ! c1 s t at any "t ! pack] c g ?r\gh 8 /ock ( us$ cans & tell h[ _m seasons' use ea* c has _h4 ,?is w prove a help 9 mak+ a decision on :i* cans are wor? hold+ ov] = ano!r season1 & :i* ones are n4 ,x also gives him a l9e on ! k9d ( c t gives him ! mo/ value = 8 money4 ,enamel l9$ cans are n[ be+ us$ a great deal1 & z a rule !y seem to give a little bett] s]vice ?an ! pla9 t91 al?\gh ?is is n always ! case4 ,"s pack]s ?9k ! enamel imp>ts a v slight =eign ta/e to ! pulp1 b ,i h nev] be5 able to detect x4 ,enamel+ or lacqu]+ ( ! outside ( ! cans is ess5tial if !re is n suffici5t %elt]$ /orage = ! pulp1 or if x mu/ be /ack$ 9 a damp w>eh\se4 ,an excessive am\nt ( moi/ure 9 ! air w quickly />t ! t9 to ru/+ on pla9 cans1 & _m cann]y w>]ooms are entirely too moi/ = /ack+ cans1 z !y are ne> ! process room1 & ! air is (t5 mi/y ) ! pres5ce ( cond5s+ /eam f ! process tanks4 ,if !re is ample dry /orage space1 ! outside enamel+ ( ! cans does n seem to be an advantage4 ,wa%+ & ,dry+ ,cans ,:5 ! season's pack ( pulp is be+ work$ up1 ! cans :i* are to be sav$ = ano!r season's use %\ld be ?or\ghly wa%$ out 9 a tub ) hot wat]4 ,spray+ devices w n "w1 z ! top ( ! c w probably h a lay] ( pulp /uck to x1 due to ! rec$+ ( ! pulp 9 ! c :5 x cool$1 & ev5 a heavy spray w n remove all ( ?is4 ,! cans mu/ be p>tially fill$ ) hot wat] & %ak5 h>d to prop]ly clean !m4 ,! =eman %\ld inspect ! wa%$ cans at frequ5t int]vals by means ( a small electric light :i* is wir$ to a %ort rod & :i* c easily be ins]t$ 9 ! c ?r\gh ! cap hole4 ,if ! wa%+ is n ?or\ghly done ?is w %[ x up quickly4 ,aft] z mu* ( ! wat] z possible is %ak5 out ( ! cans !y %\ld be put 9 a dry+ ov5 & left ov] night4 ,9 ! morn+ ! cans %\ld be ?or\ghly dry if suffici5t /eam is kept 9 ! ov5 radiators4 ,! ov5 is made ) a p>tition :i* divides x into two p>ts1 & "o "p c be fill$ ) ! wet cans :ile ! o!r side is be+ empti$ ( ! dry cans4 ,protection ,f ,du/ ,aft] ! cans are dri$1 a pa/ebo>d ins]t %\ld be plac$ 9 ! cap holes to keep ! du/ out ( !m :ile !y are 9 /orage dur+ ! w9t] & spr+4 ,"o ( ! c companies at lea/1 supplies ^! pa/ebo>d ins]ts or inv]t$ caps ) _! cans1 & !y fit snugly into ! cap hole4 ,te/+ ,us$ ,cans ,be=e ! old cans are us$ ! foll[+ ye> !y %\ld all be te/$ = p9 hole leaks & ! leaks pat*$ up4 ,!y %\ld !n be re-te/$ & n us$ until !y are %[n to be tight "u air pressure :5 imm]s$ 9 wat]4 ,?is c be done dur+ ! spr+ & summ] mon?s1 & ! pack] c !n be reasonably sure t 8 old cans are 9 good %ape = ! next season's run4 ,if ! cans are v old & ! seams are v ru/y1 new p9 holes w be op5$ up e "t air pressure is put 9 !m4 ,su* cans %\ld1 ( c\rse1 be ?r[n away4 ,pack+ #aj's & #a's ,pulp pack$ 9 ,no4 #aj & ,no4 #a cans is usually fill$ ) a rot>y fill+ ma*9e1 al?\gh ,no4 #aj's are (t5 fill$ f a s+le l9e pipe & ! fill+ c be done q rapidly :]e ! op]ator is exp]t at ! job4 ,if x is necess>y to top any ( ! cans1 x %\ld be done f a small jacket$ kettle :i* is connect$ up ne> ! fill]1 s t ! pulp us$ = topp+ c be kept hot4 ,! cans %\ld be put ?r\gh a c wa%] & /eam] be=e fill+4 ,no4 #a pulp %\ld h a mu* l>g] call f ! consum] ?an x has1 & x c\ld be made v popul> if a high /&>d ( quality 0 set & ma9ta9$1 & ! advantage ( its use adv]tis$ to ! h\sewife4 ,_m consum]s :o h pur*as$ ! small size pulp or puree = use 9 mak+ tomato sauce1 spaghetti1 tomato s\p1 etc41 h be5 disappo9t$ 9 ! quality1 & aft] "o trial h gone back to cann$ tomatoes = ^! purposes4 ,= ,no4 #aj's a process 9 boil+ wat] ( #dj m9utes 9 ! old /yle /raight process tank is usually consid]$ suffici5t2 ?is is to be foll[$ by a v gradual cool+ 9 wat] s t ! cans w n buckle badly4 ,= ! ,no4 #a size a #bj-m9ute process 9 boil+ wat] is suffici5t4 ,x is always well to cool ! cans ab\t t5 m9utes s !y w n reta9 ! heat a great l5g? ( "t4 ,a bett] color & flavor c be ma9ta9$ if ! goods are cool$ 9 wat] aft] process+4 ,if a cont9u\s agitat+ cook] is us$ = process+ ! l5g?s ( "t giv5 above c be cut d[n at lea/ #fj p] c5t4 ,pack+ ,b>rel ,pulp ,b>rel pulp is sc>cely be+ pack$ any m1 z ! b>rel has %[n itself to be unfit = pulp :i* is pack$ )\t pres]vative4 ,! use ( b>rels today is usually only resort$ to 9 em]g5cy cases :5 cans = ! purpose are n available4 ,if ! pulp is to und]go long /orage & %ipm5t1 or any great am\nt ( h&l+1 b>rel goods w usually %[ q a big loss1 n only because mu* ( ! pulp is spoil$ s t ! spoilage is evid5t at once ^u inspection1 b because ( ! gr[? ( yea/s & bact]ia 9 ! pulp :ile x has be5 9 /orage1 & because ( loss ( color due to ! action ( air seep+ into ! b>rel4 ,wood5 b>rels z a rule are n absolutely air tight1 & x is h>d to make !m s4 ,i h pack$ pulp 9 good un*>r$ :isky b>rels1 us+ #e lbs4 ( salt to ! b>rel1 & roll$ ! b>rels to a %elt]$ place :]e !y w\ld n be di/urb$ until !y 7 ready to op51 & aft] two or ?ree mon?s' /orage ! pulp 0 all "r4 ,if ?is pulp _h be5 mov$1 or held until a spell ( w>m wea!r came on1 x is d\btful if x w\ld h %[n up s well4 ,! b>rels %\ld be wa%$ out well & /eam$ = ab\t five m9utes be=e be+ fill$1 & ! bungs %\ld be burlapp$4 ,metal ,drums ,+ot iron drums1 su* z are us$ = %ipp+ oil1 h be5 recomm5d$ = tomato pulp & ,i h tri$ !m1 b !y w n d1 z ! tomato acid dissolves too mu* ( ! iron4 ,a ,me?od ( ,pres]v+ ,pulp 9 ,b>rels ,z a me?od ( pres]v+ pulp 9 b>rels "o pack] = a numb] ( ye>s put hydro*loric acid 9 x4 ,?is1 be+ a /rong acid1 is also q a good pres]vative1 & evid5tly kept ! pulp 9 good %ape4 ,:5 ! pulp 0 work$ up1 en\gh bic>bonate ( soda 0 add$ to neutralize ?is acid1 & ! result ( ! neutralization 0 sodium *loride1 or common salt4 ,!re evid5tly c\ld be no objection made to ?is f a pure food /&po9t1 z none ( ! acid 0 left 9 ! pulp aft] ! neutralization1 & sodium *loride is a common +r$i5t ( pulp4 ,h[ev]1 ! process d>k5$ ! pulp1 :i* 0 an objection4 ,z to :e!r or n ! flavor 0 impair$ by ?is treatm5t ,i d n "k4 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,! ,,micro-,,organisms ,,( ,,tomato ,,products2 ,,! ,,attitude ,,( ,,! ,,pure ,,food ,,au?orities ,,t[>d ,,!m2 ,,& ,,! ,,int]pretation ,,( ,,analyses ,micro-,organisms2 ,:at ,!y ,are ,by micro-organisms we mean molds1 yea/s1 bact]ia1 & _! spores4 ,! t]m 8micro-organisms0 takes 9 all ( ^!4 ,?is *apt] w deal ) ! subject 9 z %ort & concise a mann] z possible1 ) ! object ( giv+ ! manufactur] a work+ k ( x t w help him 9 8 ev]yday factory r\t9e4 ,al?\gh volumes h be5 writt5 ab\t micro-organisms 9 food1 x is n necess>y = ! pack] ( tomato products to h an accurate1 detail$ sci5tific k ( ! subject 9 all its ramifications1 b a g5]al und]/&+ ( x w suffice = practically all purposes4 ,:at are molds1 yea/s1 spores1 & bact]ia8 ,are !y animals or plants8 ,:]e d !y gr[1 & "u :at conditions d !y multiply mo/ rapidly8 ,are !y h>mful1 or are ! k9ds f\nd 9 tomatoes all h>mless v>ieties8 ,if !y are h>mless1 :y does ! gov]nm5t object to !m8 ,:y is a product conta9+ a c]ta9 numb] consid]$ all "r1 :ile :5 a l>g] numb] is pres5t ! product is said by ! gov]nm5t to consi/ 9 :ole or 9 "p ( a fil?y1 decompos$1 putrid vegetable sub/ance8 ,ar5't su* foods z ,roque=t *eese1 cottage *eese1 butt]milk1 & sau]kraut fairly sw>m+ ) ! same k9ds ( g]ms z tomato pulp8 ,ar5't ^! foods all consid]$ heal?ful8 ,!n :y object to ^! g]ms 9 tomato pulp8 ,ar5't ! g]ms all kill$ by ! boil+1 anyway8 ,^! are que/ions (t5 ask$ by pulp pack]s1 & x is hop$ t ! foll[+ w ?r[ "s light on ! subject4 ,molds1 yea/s1 spores1 & bact]ia are v t9y plants1 n animals4 ,!y are s small t !y c only be se5 by ! nak$ eye :5 !re are v l>ge masses ( !m toge!r1 consi/+1 9 ! case ( bact]ia & yea/s1 ( hundr$s ( millions ( small individual plants1 & 9 ! case ( molds1 ( _m individual mold plants closely mass$ toge!r4 ,y h all se5 l>ge tufts ( :ite mold on tomatoes1 & black mold cov]+ a loaf ( bread1 b y probably did n realize ! enorm\s numb]s ( individual mold plants t 7 pres5t1 or ! rapidity ) :i* !y multipli$ !mselves4 ,y h all se5 swell$ cans ( tomato pulp1 & aft] ! cans 7 op5$ y h notic$ ! bubbles ris+ 9 ! pulp1 & h not$ ! v s\r ta/e & (t5 an extremely disagreeable odor4 ,9 e ?imbleful ( t s\r pulp !re 7 hundr$s ( millions ( bact]ia & yea/ cells1 s small 9 size t _m ?\s& c\ld collect at ! same "t on ! po9t ( a p9 & !y w\ld n be notic$ by ! nak$ eye4 ,x 0 ^! t9y bact]ia & yea/ plants :i* caus$ ! physical & *emical *anges 9 t pulp4 ,j z a p>asitic v9e w9ds itself ar\nd a tree & sucks ! life out ( x1 s ^! millions ( bact]ia & yea/ plants suck$ all ! goodness out ( ?is tomato pulp1 & left no?+ b s\r1 decompos$ tomato fib]1 acid1 & f\l-smell+ gas4 ,molds ,! /ructure ( ! mold plant is simil> to t ( a v small v9e1 ! bran*es ( :i* are _m & are closely mass$ toge!r4 ,! t9y ?reads or filam5ts ( mold resemble ! v9e & its bran*es4 ,^! ?reads keep s5d+ out new %oots :i* spread rapidly all ov] ! surface ! mold is gr[+ on1 & ! fruit ( ! mold plant1 :i* is call$ spores1 is simil> to ! little b]ries :i* gr[ at ! ends ( ! bran*es ( a v9e4 ,^! b]ries are ! fruit ( ! v9e2 spores are ! fruit ( ! mold plant4 ,j z ! b]ries conta9 se$s :i* reproduce ! plant1 s ! t9y spores conta9 ! se$ :i* w reproduce ! mold plant4 ,^! spores gr[ at ! end ( ! mold ?reads or bran*es1 & :5 ripe1 ei!r fall on ! surface directly b5ea?1 or are c>ri$ away by a brea? ( air & move along ) ! du/4 ,! spores ( ! mold plant w rema9 alive = mon?s 9 a dry /ate1 float+ 9 ! air1 or if ! air be v /ill1 fall+ to ! surface4 ,! air ev]y:]e is full ( !m1 & z soon z !y light ^u a moi/ surface1 su* z tomato juice1 = example1 :i* conta9s n\ri%m5t = !m1 !y beg9 to s5d out %oots ( mold ?reads & reproduce ano!r mold plant4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #d4--,mold filam5t f catsup4 7#aej47 ,mold gr[s mo/ rapidly ^u a w>m surface1 pref]ably ab\t ! temp]ature ( ! human body4 ,x w n gr[ on a surface :i* is at freez+ temp]ature1 or on a v hot surface4 ,"u ^! extremes ( temp]ature x is unable to multiply itself4 ,boil+ kills ! mold plant1 & cont9u$ boil+ ( #ae m9utes or m also kills ! se$s or spores ( practically all species4 ,t is "o reason :y x is desirable to br+ peel$ tomatoes or tomato juice to a boil z soon z possible--s t ! mold & mold spores :i* are always on ^! surfaces w be kill$ be=e !y h an opportunity to gr[4 ,!re are _m diff]5t species or v>ieties ( mold plants :i* ?rive on tomatoes & tomato pulp1 b !y are all v simil>2 !y reproduce !mselves 9 exactly ! same way1 & !y are all arre/$ 9 _! gr[? by extremes ( temp]ature1 & are kill$ by cont9u$ boil+4 ,x %\ld n be ?\ght1 h[ev]1 t boil+ = a v few m9utes w kill all mold spores1 z !y h a t\gh surface :i* has consid]able resi/ance to heat4 ,i h se5 #e-;gal4 pulp pack$ :i* 0 only giv5 a v %ort boil on acc\nt ( l[ /eam pressure1 & molds grew 9 ! seal$ cans aft] pack+ to su* an ext5t t ! pulp all _h to be ?r[n away4 ,x is safe to assume1 h[ev]1 t a #ae-m9ute boil w kill mold spores & prev5t ! gr[? ( molds 9 ! cans aft] !y are seal$1 provid+1 ( c\rse1 t ! pulp is fill$ hot into cans :i* are clean & almo/ /]ile4 ,bact]ia ,bact]ia & yea/s are v mu* small] plants ?an molds4 ,:ile an individual mold plant1 gr[+ z /at$ above l a v small v9e1 bran*es out & spreads ov] consid]able surface1 bact]ia 7t is1 ^? =ms 9 :i* ! pulp pack] is int]e/$7 are v %ort1 s+le rods1 :i*1 :5 multipli$ 9 size #ejj times by ! microscope1 appe> to be f #a_/cb to ( an in* long4 ,yea/s1 :5 multipli$ 9 size #ejj times1 usually appe> to be f two to five times z l>ge z a p9 head4 ,! rod-%ap$ bact]ia ref]r$ to above are ma9ly ! lactic acid1 & acetic acid bact]ia1 bo? ( :i* produce f]m5tation 9 tomato products4 ,! lactic acid g]m is ! same "o :i* causes milk to s\r1 :ile ! acetic acid g]m is ! "o :i* produces ! acetic acid ( v9eg>4 ,!re are _m o!r k9ds ( bact]ia 9 tomato pulp1 _m ( :i* are small1 r\nd cells4 ,h[ev]1 ! bulk ( ^! probably come f ! soil & are natural to ! tomato1 & are n c\nt$ :5 ! numb] ( bact]ia p] cubic c5timet] are e/imat$4 ,! rod-%ap$ types indicate f]m5tation4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #e4--,rod-%ap$ bact]ia f tomato pulp1 common 9 bad catsups4 7#ejj47 ,bact]ia reproduce !mselves ) amaz+ rapidity4 ,x has be5 f\nd out by wat*+ !m multiply "u ! microscope t "u favorable conditions "o g]m reproduces itself e #cj m9utes1 & 9 "s cases reproduction is kn[n to h be5 ev5 m rapid ?an t4 ,! me?od ( reproduction is by simple division4 ,! rod-%ap$ bact]ium is j l a mat* 9 %ape1 only _m ?\s& times small]1 & 9 ! space ( ab\t #cj m9utes x w divide itself 9 ! middle1 ?us *ang+ itself into two %ort] rods4 ,ea* ( ^! rods gr[s 9 l5g?1 & ea* ( !m !n divides1 mak+ f\r rods4 ,9 #cj m9utes m ! f\r rods *ange into eight1 etc4 ,x is ! simple/ me?od ( reproduction !re is4 ,bact]ia also h ano!r me?od ( reproduc+ !mselves :i* !y resort to :5 conditions become unfavorable = _! gr[? & !y c no long] multiply !mselves by ! simple division me?od4 ,su* an unfavorable condition w\ld be ! dry+ up ( ! moi/ surface on :i* !y are gr[+4 ,9 ?is case ! rod-%ap$ bact]ium =ms "o or m spores )9 itself4 ,^! bact]ia spores are some:at simil> to mold spores1 b are mu* small]4 ,h[ev]1 !y are only produc$ by bact]ia "u unfavorable conditions1 :ile ! mold plant produces !m "u all conditions4 ,! bact]ia spores1 l mold spores1 h a t\gh surface :i* gives !m high resi/ance1 & !y conta9 ! g]m ( bact]ia life :i* c reproduce ! species :5 favorable conditions = gr[? are aga9 enc\nt]$4 ,! bact]ia spores1 !re=e1 float ?r\gh ! air z d ! mold spores1 rema9+ 9 ! dry /ate )\t n\ri%m5t = mon?s at a "t1 & z soon z !y light ^u a moi/ surface conta9+ ! elem5ts = gr[?1 ev5 to a v small degree1 !y reproduce ! rod-%ap$ bact]ia =m1 :i* beg9s to multiply itself aga9 by ! simple division me?od4 ,al?\gh mo/ bact]ia spores are kill$ by boil+ = #aj or #ae m9utes1 !re are a few species ( extremely high resi/ance :i* h be5 kn[n to rema9 alive aft] sev]al h\rs' boil+4 ,spores ( ?is nature are infrequ5t1 h[ev]1 & ! pack] might z well =get t !y exi/4 ,n "o case ( spoilage out ( a hundr$ is caus$ by ! pres5ce ( su* spores1 & if all food products 7 cook$ a l5g? ( "t suffici5t to kill all bact]ia spores :i* might possibly be pres5t1 ! foods w\ld be cook$ to dea?1 & unfit to eat4 ,yea/s ,yea/s are v t9y individual cells1 & multiply by budd+1 in/ead ( by simple division1 z bact]ia d4 ,in/ead ( ! yea/ cell divid+ 9 half1 ?us produc+ two cells1 x rema9s intact1 b a bud =ms on its out] surface4 ,?is bud gr[s 9 size until x becomes almo/ z l>ge z ! cell :i* produc$ x1 & !n x sep>ates f ! "m cell1 & we h two yea/ cells4 ,ea* ( ^! two cells !n produces buds1 :i* aga9 sep>ate1 & s on4 ,l bact]ia1 ! multiplication is v rapid "u favorable conditions4 ,favorable conditions = yea/s & bact]ia are ! same z !y are = mold1 t is1 a w>m temp]ature1 pref]ably ne> blood heat1 & a moi/ sub/ance :i* is n too /rongly acid1 & :i* conta9s ! elem5ts necess>y = gr[?1 pref]ably ! natural sug> ( fruits & vegetables4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #f4--,yea/s & sph]ical bact]ia f decay+ tomatoes4 7 #ejj47 ,! oval bodies are ! yea/s1 "s 9 budd+ /age2 ! bact]ia appe> z small sph]es1 or pairs ( sph]es4 ,yea/s are ! pr9cipal gas-=m+ ag5ts 9 ! f]m5tation ( pulp4 ,9 ! production ( ?is gas !y consume ! natural sug> ( ! tomato4 ,!y w multiply by ! budd+ me?od describ$ above z long z !y are 9 a m$ium :i* is favorable = _! gr[?4 ,z soon z ?is m$ium drys up1 or = "s o!r reason becomes an unfavorable m$ium = ! multiplication ( ! yea/ cells1 ! yea/s resort to spore =m+1 j z bact]ia d4 ,^! spores are =m$ )9 ! yea/ cell1 & :5 ! cell wall breaks ! spores pass (f into ! air4 ,l all o!r spores1 !y h a high resi/ance1 & w float ar\nd 9 ! dry /ate & rema9 alive = a v long "t4 ,:5 !y light ^u a m$ium 9 :i* !y c gr[ !y reproduce ! yea/ species1 9 ! same mann] 9 :i* ! bact]ia spore reproduces ! bact]ia species f :i* x 0 d]iv$4 ,spores ,! spores1 !n1 :i* are f\nd 9 tomato products are ( ?ree diff]5t k9ds1 namely1 mold spores1 yea/ spores1 & bact]ia spores4 ,! great] numb] are almo/ always mold spores1 s9ce ! mold plant produces spores "u all conditions1 :ile yea/s & bact]ia only produce !m "u unfavorable conditions4 ,:5 microscopical analyses ( tomato products are report$1 ! mold spores & yea/ spores are includ$ ) ! yea/s 9 ! t]m 8,yea/s & ,spores40 ,?is is because a l>ge numb] ( ! spores are v simil> to yea/ cells 9 appe>ance1 & z x w\ld be a labori\s process = ! analy/ to sep>ate !m1 ! yea/s & spores are includ$ 9 "o figure1 :i* greatly simplifies ! analysis4 ,! bact]ia spores are n includ$ 9 ! c\nt ( 8,yea/s & ,spores40 ,h[ ,g]ms ,ret>d ,_! ,own ,gr[? ,we w say t we h /ack$ away a #e-;gal4 c ( pulp :i* conta9s sev]al liv+ spores ( bact]ia1 z is apt to be ! case1 s9ce ! air is full ( !m1 & ! pulp is con/antly op5 to contam9ation f ! air aft] x is cook$2 also ! spores may be 9 ! empty cans at ! "t !y are fill$4 ,:y is x1 s9ce ^! few spores are alive1 & 9 a favorable m$ium = _! gr[?1 t ! rod-%ap$ bact]ia =ms :i* !y produce d n multiply to su* an ext5t t !y w f]m5t ! c ( pulp4 ,x 0 /at$ above t bact]ia d n multiply 9 a /rongly acid m$ium4 ,s9ce ! bact]ia produce acid z a by-product ( _! own gr[?1 !y surr\nd !mselves ) an acid m$ium1 & !y ?us ret>d & f9ally /op _! gr[? by ! product ( _! own reproduction4 ,:5 ?is acid m$ium rea*es a c]ta9 /r5g? ! bact]ia c no long] multiply1 & if t c is n mov$ until us$1 ! *ances are x w be all "r :5 op5$4 ,b if ! c is mov$1 ! cont5ts are agitat$1 & ^! liv+ bact]ia are %ak5 away f ! acid m$ium 9 :i* !y h be5 susp5d$1 & !y are %ak5 into a fre%1 sweet m$ium 9 :i* !y c aga9 beg9 to multiply4 ,x may !re=e foll[ t if ?is c is mov$ sev]al times x w\ld be at lea/ p>tly f]m5t$ :5 op5$1 :ile if x 0 left alone x w\ld h rema9$ sweet4 ,?is illu/ration %[s ! desirability ( mov+ pulp z little z possible1 & z c>efully z possible :5 mov+ becomes imp]ative4 ,! lack ( air 9 ! c w1 ( c\rse1 also ret>d bact]ial gr[?1 b !re is usually a small am\nt ( air 9 ! c1 & _m species ( bact]ia d n ne$ any air :atev] = _! gr[?4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #g4--,mold spores & filam5ts4 ,a type frequ5tly f\nd 9 decay+ tomatoes4 7#cjj47 ,rapidity ( ,gr[? ,yea/s & bact]ia multiply m rapidly ?an d ! molds1 & t is :y pulp :i* is made f tomatoes or tomato peel+s :i* are h&l$ sl[ly or c>elessly usually %[s a high cont5t ( yea/s & bact]ia1 :ile ! molds may be l[4 ,z a rule1 mo/ ( ! mold f\nd 9 pulp 0 pres5t 9 ! orig9al tomatoes1 & is f\nd 9 ! pulp because x wasn't elim9at$ 9 ! sort+4 ,b1 z a rule1 tomatoes are n full ( yea/s & bact]ia unless !y are v s(t & mu%y1 & x is evid5t on look+ at !m t !y h f]m5t$ to "s ext5t4 ,if pulp conta9s a high c\nt ( yea/s or bact]ia x usually means t ?is f]m5tation took place 9 ! factory at "s /age 9 ! manufactur+ process1 or t ! product has be5 contam9at$ by f]m5t$ tomato sub/ance lodg$ 9 pipes1 tr\ghs1 & convey+ equipm5t4 ,(t5 x is due to delay 9 gett+ ! tomato /ock to a boil4 ,! laxness 9 ?is reg>d 9 "s factories is surpris+1 & _! pulp is almo/ always high 9 yea/s & bact]ia4 ,:5 y consid] ! extreme rapidity ) :i* ^! g]ms multiply1 ! folly ( all[+ tomato peel+s or tomato juice to be v sl[ly convey$ to a l>ge tank = an h\r or m be=e ! /eam is turn$ on becomes app>5t4 ,mu* has be5 writt5 ab\t ! rapidity ( bact]ial reproduction1 & yet extreme delay 9 work+ up tomato /ock cont9ues 9 _m plants1 & we frequ5tly see bact]ia c\nts ( a hundr$ million or m p] cubic c5timet]1 all ( :i* c\ld be easily avoid$ if ! pack] w\ld j make up 8 m9d to get to ! bottom ( ! cause & apply ! simple rem$y4 ,j z an illu/ration we w say t we are putt+ up trimm+ pulp1 & ! tomato receipts are r light & ! peel]s are work+ sl[ly1 or t !re ar5't _m peel]s work+4 ,! trimm+s are pass$ along on a belt conveyor :]e !y g to a bucket c>ri] & are lift$ to a l>ge cypress tank ) a coil4 ,!y drop into ! tank sl[ly1 & x may take two h\rs = ! coil to be cov]$ s t ! /eam c be turn$ on2 or aft] a foot or two ( ! trimm+s h be5 put 9 ! tank x is lun* "t1 & x is an h\r be=e ! fill+ ( ! tank cont9ues4 ,?is may make x ?ree h\rs be=e ^! peel+s are br\ght to a boil4 ,suppose at ! "t ^? peel+s g into ! tank !y conta9 en\gh bact]ia s t if !y 7 cook$ at once1 ! pulp w\ld run #aj million to ! cubic c5timet]4 ,?is is v probable4 ,h[ev]1 !y are n cook$ at once & at ! end ( #cj m9utes y h peel+s :i*1 :5 cond5s$ & cyclon$1 w\ld %[ close to #bj million bact]ia4 ,9 an h\r ! fir/ peel+s :i* ent]$ t tank w\ld yield #dj million1 & 9 #a hrs41 #hj million4 ,?is is on ! basis ( ! bact]ia reproduc+ !mselves e #cj m9utes4 ,ev5 if !y multiply mu* m sl[ly ?an t y c see t 9 ! c\rse ( a little ov] an h\r y are gett+ into dang]\s gr\nd1 & 9 ! c\rse ( two or ?ree h\rs ! bact]ia h multipli$ to su* an ext5t t ! product w\ld almo/ be sure to be condemn$ if x 0 pick$ up by an inspector4 ,if ! tomatoes _h q a few s(t spots 9 !m :5 !y 7 peel$ x is v likely t ! peel+s w\ld yield #bj million bact]ia if work$ up imm$iately1 & !n if delay ( an h\r or m comes on top ( t y c see :]e y w be on ! bact]ia c\nt4 ,! yea/s are also probably multiply+ at ! same "t1 & ! molds are gr[+ to "s ext5t4 ,n[ :at ?is pack] %\ld d is to put a small op5 /eam jet 9 ! bottom ( 8 cypress tank1 ) f\r pipes runn+ horizontally1 z 9 a 8break+ tank10 & turn on ! /eam z soon z ! peel+s cov] ^! pipes1 :i* lie "r on ! bottom ( ! tank4 ,! peel+s are ?us kept at a boil until ! /eam c be turn$ on ! coil1 & !n ! /eam f ! op5 jet c be %ut (f4 ,?is is a v simple arrangem5t to make & w save no end ( tr\ble4 ,x mu/ n be ?\ght t because micro-organisms multiply mo/ rapidly 9 a w>m m$ium !y w n multiply 9 a cold m$ium1 or "o :i* is consid]ably w>m] ?an blood heat--! degree ( temp]ature mo/ favor$4 ,! only safe extremes are #cc degrees ,f4 = ! l[] extreme1 & #aej degrees ,f4 or above = ! high] extreme4 ,any:]e betwe5 ^! two extremes ( temp]ature !re is dang] ( g]m activity1 & ! ne>] ! m$ium is to #ih degrees ,f41 ! m rapid is ! multiplication ( ! g]ms4 ,z tomato juice conta9s all ! nutritive requirem5ts = ! gr[? ( micro-organisms1 & is n /rongly acid1 x is an ideal m$ium = !m to gr[ 94 ,!re doesn't seem to be any m$ium :atev] t molds1 yea/s1 & bact]ia pref] to tomatoes & tomato juice4 ,! ,gov]nm5t ,attitude on ,micro-,organisms ,:at are ! objections ( ! pure food au?orities to ! pres5ce ( l>ge numb]s ( micro-organisms 9 tomato products1 & h[ d !y sub/antiate _! objections8 ,we "k t all ( ^! g]ms t gr[ 9 tomato products are h>mless4 ,ev5 if an occasional h>mful g]m %\ld ent] x w\ld n be discov]$ by ! me?od ( analysis employ$1 & unless x 0 9 ! spore =m & ( extremely high resi/ance x w\ld be kill$ by ! boil+4 ,we "k t butt]milk & sau]kraut are full ( bact]ia1 & t ! latt] is also full ( yea/s1 & t ^! two foods are recomm5d$ by physicians z be+ p>ticul>ly heal?ful because ( ! lactic acid !y conta91 :i* is produc$ by ! lactic acid bact]ia--! same k9d t are condemn$ 9 tomato products4 ,9 sau]kraut we "k t ^! lactic acid bact]ia & yea/s are kill$ by ! cook+1 j z !y are 9 tomato products1 :i* seems to make ! two cases analog\s4 ,9 butt]milk & cottage *eese1 h[ev]1 !y are alive & gr[+1 & ^! products are consid]$ heal?ful4 ,roque=t *eese is full ( a gre5 mold :i* gives x its *>act]i/ic flavor & color1 & x is consid]$ heal?ful4 ,!n :y object to molds 9 tomato products8 ,! diff]5ce is t 9 "o case we h a controll$ & regulat$ f]m5tation1 :i* is conf9$ to "o or m species1 :i* 9 comb9ation ) ! *>act]i/ic elem5ts ( t p>ticul> food produce a heal?ful by-product or desirable flavor4 ,9 ! o!r case we h an unregulat$ & uncontroll$ f]m5tation1 produc$ by a v>iety ( species ( micro-organisms4 ,9 tomatoes we h a numb] ( species ( molds2 we h a great _m diff]5t species ( wild yea/s1 _m ( :i* produce by-products ( a disagreeable "*2 & we h a numb] ( species ( bact]ia1 *ief among :i* are ! lactic acid & acetic acid types1 :i* *ange ! tomato pulp f a sweet product1 z x %\ld be1 to a s\r "o4 ,! objections ( ! gov]nm5t are !re=e m conf9$ to ! by-products :i* are produc$ by ! gr[? ( ^! g]ms ?an to ! g]ms !mselves4 ,x is ! cont5tion t ! by-products produc$ 9 tomato products by _m ( ^! g]ms are su* z to be class$ z a fil?y1 putrid1 decompos$ vegetable sub/ance4 ,j h[ _m ( ^! g]ms a product may conta9 be=e x is suffici5tly decompos$ to be class$ z fil?y & putrid is a "q4 ,! gov]nm5t tries to play safe 9 ! matt]1 & give ! pack] a fair deal4 ,:5 !y condemn a tomato product z unfit = food x isn't because x conta9s only an av]age quantity ( micro-organisms1 b because ! numb] ( g]ms pres5t1 & ! decomposition produc$1 is su* z to indicate extreme laxness 9 sanitation & lack ( c>e 9 ! manufactur+ processes1 or ! admittance ( q a l>ge p]c5tage ( rott5 mat]ial4 ,! spoilage may be ei!r prim>y or second>y1 t is1 x may be due to ! use ( a lot ( p>tly rott51 moldy tomatoes at ! />t1 :i* 7 n c>efully sort$1 or x may be due to f]m5tation :i* takes place 9 ! factory1 caus$ by extreme delay or by unsanit>y equipm5t4 ,9 prim>y spoilage ! mold is usually v high & ! yea/s & bact]ia may be l[1 :ile 9 second>y spoilage ei!r ! yea/s or bact]ia1 or bo?1 w be high1 & ! molds may be l[4 ,?is w be expla9$ fur!r lat] 9 ?is *apt]4 ,gov]nm5t ,regulations ,:5 ! gov]nm5t regulations on tomato products 7 fir/ publi%$ x 0 /at$ t = catsup ! microscopical c\nts %\ld n run above ! foll[+3 ,molds 9 #be ( ! microscopic fields4 ,yea/s & spores--#be 9 #a_/fj? cubic millimet]4 ,bact]ia--#be million p] cubic c5timet]4 ,x 0 also /at$ t pulp :i* 0 to be conv]t$ into catsup %\ld n conta9 m ?an half ?is numb] ( micro-organisms1 z all[ance mu/ be made = ! increase due to conc5tration4 ,! fact t pulp & catsup c be made to keep )9 ^! limits has be5 demon/rat$ a numb] ( times1 b ,i h yet to see a season's run1 all ( :i*1 or ev5 #ej ( :i*1 w come )9 ^! limits4 ,x is easy en\gh to run individual bat*es :i* by c>eful sup]vision ov] ! sort]s w h a v l[ c\nt ( molds1 etc41 b reg>dless ( ! precautions a man w take to safegu>d himself1 !re is almo/ b\nd to be at "s "t 9 ! season "s manufactur$ goods t w run ov] ^! limits4 ,! pack]1 h[ev]1 %\ld keep ^! limits 9 m9d z an ideal to "w to1 n on "o bat*1 b on a season's run1 b x is n an easy goal to atta91 & 9 my op9ion ! gov]nm5t doesn't expect x to be atta9$ v (t54 ,! pack] has to cont5d ) a glut ( tomatoes 9 ,septemb] almo/ e ye>2 x is difficult to get good help to d ! sort+ & to sup]vise ! sort+2 unfavorable wea!r conditions make ! tomatoes moldy & full ( rot2 delay$ %ipm5ts come 9 9 v bad condition2 ma*9]y breaks d[n at ! mo/ unexpect$ times1 & necessitates delay 9 ! factory at critical mom5ts2 ! help get c>eless ab\t ! cleanl9ess ( ! equipm5t1 & run ?r\gh "s goods be=e ! unclean p>ts are discov]$2 accid5ts occur 9 ! p[] plant & ! plant may h to run on inadequate /eam = two or ?ree days1 etc41 etc4 ,e pack] has be5 up aga9/ ^! ?+s1 b z a rule pure food inspectors h n1 & !y are sometimes sl[ to appreciate ! pack]s' side ( ! case4 ,?is is p>ticul>ly true ( local heal? inspectors :o h _h no exp]i5ce ) food manufactur+ problems1 & sometimes p]mit a pack] to receive a lot ( unfavorable & unju/ newspap] publicity4 ,! heads ( ! gov]nm5t pure food dep>tm5ts1 t is1 ! high (ficials ( ! ,bureau ( ,*emi/ry1 int5d to play v fair ) cann]s1 & x mu/ be admitt$ t !y w g a long way ) a man :o is mak+ an hone/ & det]m9$ ef=t to pack 8 goods 9 ! "r way1 & :o is tak+ advantage ( ! opportunities he has to po/ himself on mod]n me?ods ( pack+ 8 products4 ,! pack] %\ld rememb] t ! product ( a plant t is run 9 an unsanit>y way is always "u suspicion by ! gov]nm5t1 & t %ipm5ts f ^! plants are ! ones :i* are apt to be wat*$ by ! gov]nm5t ag5ts4 ,! gov]nm5t c g into any railroad (fice1 :e!r gov]nm5t or privately controll$1 ask ! ag5t to %[ !m ! bills ( lad+ on %ipm5ts1 & notify _! inspector at de/9ation to take samples ( ! c> on arrival4 ,gett+ back to ! subject ( e/abli%$ limits = micro-organisms1 9 ! fall ( #aiaf ! gov]nm5t au?orities nam$ ! po9t at :i* !y 7 recomm5d+ condemnation proce$+s4 ,! notice1 :i* 0 issu$ by ! ,bureau ( ,*emi/ry ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture1 /at$ t at ! pres5t "t !y 7 n advis+ condemnation ( tomato products unless ! micro-organisms exce$$ at lea/ "o ( ! foll[+ c\nts3 ,molds 9 #ff ( ! microscopic fields4 ,yea/s & ,spores--#abe 9 #a_/fj? cubic millimet]4 ,bact]ia--#ajj million p] cubic c5timet]4 ,?is is a long way f ! limit ( #be on ea* c\nt1 :i* ! gov]nm5t =m]ly /at$ %\ld n 9 _! op9ion be exce$$4 ,at ! same "t1 h[ev]1 ,mr4 ,h[>d ( ! ,bureau ( ,*emi/ry made a /atem5t to ! effect t !y /ill consid]$ x possible "u manufactur+ conditions to make ^! products to comply ) ! orig9al #be-be-be limit1 & t x 0 _! int5tion to approa* ! orig9al limits m closely4 ,x %\ld n be und]/ood t ! gov]nm5t ?9ks t products :i* run bel[ ! high] limits are good en\gh1 because !y decid$ly d n1 b at pres5t !y are n recomm5d+ = condemnation ^? products :i* run bel[ ^! figures4 ,/ate ,food ,(ficials ,:at ab\t ! /ate pure food bo>ds8 ,d !y foll[ ! gov]nm5t lead 9 ?is matt] or act accord+ to _! own ideas8 ,"s foll[ ! gov]nm5t & "s d n4 ,"s /ate (ficials are q l5i5t :ile o!rs are v /rict4 ,a product :i* "o w\ld pass z be+ all "r1 ano!r w\ld condemn4 ,i h se5 /ate (ficials condemn catsup :i* ,i am q sure ! gov]nm5t w\ld pass1 al?\gh x wasn't z good z x %\ld h be54 ,if ! manufactur] _h c>$ to c>ry x to ! c\rts !re w\ld h be5 an ev5 *ance ( him w9n+ out4 ,h[ev]1 ! loss ( pre/ige due to ! publicity ( su* action is (t5 great] ?an ! loss ( ! manufactur$ goods w\ld be & z a rule ! manufactur] does n conte/ ! case4 ,publicity is a p[]ful :ip 9 ! h&s ( ! gov]nm5t & /ate (ficials4 ,*eck+ ,up ,daily ,runs ,:at is ! manufactur] to d ab\t *eck+ up 8 daily runs ( pulp & catsup dur+ ! season8 ,is x bett] = him to s5d 8 samples to a comm]cial laboratory1 or to employ an analy/ to "w at 8 factory1 or to d ! be/ he c 9 ! sort+ & 9 ! factory r\t9e1 assum+ t if he uses prop] c>e "h 8 products are sure to analyze all "r & he doesn't ne$ to worry4 ,?is problem has be5 discuss$ a great deal4 ,to employ an analy/ on ! place is usually r exp5sive = a small pack] if ! man is fully compet5t to d ! "w1 & unless he is1 he is worse ?an useless4 ,to s5d samples to an outside laboratory (t5 involves consid]able delay 9 gett+ ! reports1 & by ! "t ! results are kn[n ! goods are /ack$ away & almo/ =gott54 ,if !y ran high 9 micro-organisms !re 0 "s cause = x1 & t cause %\ld h be5 rem$i$ at once1 & probably w\ld h be5 _h ! analysis be5 report$ )9 a day or two4 ,!re9 lies ! *ief advantage ( gett+ an analysis quickly4 ,an analysis on products :i* h be5 run a week previ\sly is1 ( c\rse1 bett] ?an no?+1 b x is f> f be+ satisfactory4 ,! ?ird me?od1 t is1 rely+ ^u c>e 9 ! factory & hav+ no analysis made1 0 at "o "t recomm5d$1 b x is n n[ consid]$ good policy4 ,9 a great _m cases :]e ?is policy 0 adopt$ x 0 f\nd out :5 x 0 too late t mu* ( ! goods t 0 ?\ght to be all "r 0 decid$ly (f4 ,!re 7 undiscov]$ errors 9 ! manufactur+ process1 & !y rema9$ undiscov]$ because !re 0 no means ( *eck+ !m up4 ,my advice 9 ?is matt] is to h an analy/ tra9$ = ?is "w & employ him at y\r factory if y are s f> f a reputable analy/ t x w take "s little "t to get a report4 ,! ,rese>* ,laboratories ( ,! ,national ,cann]s ,association at ,wa%+ton is und]tak+ ! tra9+ ( m5 9 ?is analytical "w = ^? companies t desire x4 ,if ! pack] is close en\gh to a reputable analy/ to get a report )9 a day or two he w f9d t su* an arrangem5t is usually satisfactory1 & he %\ld ru% 8 samples ) all possible spe$1 & reque/ ! analy/ to wire ! report if ! analysis is high4 ,!n !re is ! problem ( :at laboratory to s5d samples to4 ,w any reputable *emical or bact]iological laboratory d = ?is purpose8 ,_m pack]s h made a mi/ake "r "h1 & ! analyses !y h receiv$ h be5 worse ?an no?+ because !y 7 n only grossly inaccurate b mislead+4 ,!y h gone on ?9k+ _! goods 7 all "r & h f\nd out lat] by "s accid5t t !y 7 all wrong4 ,al?\gh an analy/ may be a good microscopi/ & fully compet5t to d g5]al bact]iological or biological "w1 he _c possibly get a correct microscopical analysis on tomato products unless he is famili> ) ! ,h[>d me?od z us$ by ,mr4 ,h[>d4 ,?is means t he mu/ use ! exact te*nique t ,mr4 ,h[>d uses 9 8 laboratory4 ,e manipulation1 no matt] h[ slight1 mu/ be made 9 precisely ! same mann] t ,mr4 ,h[>d makes x2 o!rwise ! results are wor?less4 ,an analy/1 9 ord] to be compet5t to use ! me?od1 mu/ ei!r "w ) ,mr4 ,h[>d until he c *eck him on all k9ds ( samples1 or he mu/ "w ) "o ( ! analy/s t h be5 closely associat$ ) ,mr4 ,h[>d 9 ?is "w4 ,if ! analy/ has _h factory exp]i5ce & c assi/ ! pack] 9 runn+ d[n ! causes ( high c\nts1 t is a great advantage4 ,h[ to ,int]pret ,analyses ,we w say t a sample ( pulp tak5 f "o ( ! daily runs has be5 s5t to an analy/1 & ! report on x is z foll[s3 ,molds 9 #gj ( microscopic fields4 ,yea/s & ,spores--#aj 9 #a_/fj? cubic millimet]4 ,bact]ia--#ab million p] cubic c5timet]4 ,:at does t analysis mean8 ,! fir/ item means t ! analy/ exam9$ ?r\gh ! microscope #ej views ( a ?9 lay] ( ! pulp on a slide1 & t out ( ^! #ej views1 #ce ( !m conta9$ suffici5t mold to c\nt !m z positive fields1 s t molds 7 f\nd to be pres5t 9 #ce out ( #ej fields1 or 9 #gj ( !m4 ,! second item means t f ano!r prep>$ slide ( ?is pulp 7:i* slide is s rul$ t ! volume ( liquid on any giv5 space ( x c be measur$7 !re 7 f\nd to be #aj yea/s & spores 9 #a_/fj? ( a cubic millimet]4 ,a cubic millimet] is ab\t ? ( a drop1 & #a_/fj? ( a cubic millimet] is !re=e ab\t #a_/cjj? ( a drop--an exce$+ly small quantity1 almo/ inconceivable4 ,! be/ way to conceive x is to ?9k ( "o drop ( pulp mix$ 9 #bii drops ( wat]1 & a drop tak5 f ?is exce$+ly dilute mixture4 ,9 ?is almo/ inconceivably small am\nt ( pulp !re 7 #aj yea/s & spores4 ,! ?ird item means t 9 ! same slide 9 :i* ! yea/s & spores 7 c\nt$ !re 7 f\nd to be #ab million rod-%ap$ bact]ia 9 ea* cubic c5timet]4 ,a cubic c5timet] is ab\t #bj drops4 ,m important to ! pack] ?an ! above1 h[ev]1 is ! int]pretation ( ! analysis f ! factory /&po9t4 ,:at does x indicate ab\t ! way ! tomatoes 7 h&l$ & work$ up8 ,! molds are high & ! yea/s & bact]ia are l[4 ,x means t 9 all probability ! tomatoes 7 n prop]ly sort$1 b t !y 7 work$ up rapidly en\gh aft] ! sort+4 ,x indicates prim>y spoilage1 b little or no second>y spoilage4 ,if !re _h be5 second>y spoilage1 ei!r ! yea/s or bact]ia or bo? w\ld be high4 ,x is a tip = ! pack] to wat* ! sort+ belt closely4 ,we w say t ! report on ano!r sample is z foll[s3 ,molds 9 #bj ( ! microscopic fields4 ,yea/s & ,spores--#gj 9 #a_/fj? ,c4 ,m4 ,bact]ia--#aaj million p] ,c4 ,c4 ,:at is indicat$ by t analysis8 ,x %[s t ! tomatoes 7 probably sort$ all "r1 & t ! prim>y spoilage is probably small1 b t !re is a v /rong indication ( second>y spoilage1 t is1 spoilage :i* took place 9 ! factory4 ,unless ! tomatoes 7 extremely s(t & p>tially f]m5t$ :5 !y 7 run up1 !re 0 probably great delay at "s /age 9 ! manufactur+ process1 or "s ( ! equipm5t 0 9 a v unsanit>y condition & ! fre% goods became contam9at$ ) f]m5t$ tomato sub/ance :i* 0 c>ri$ ov] ) x a little at a "t4 ,suppose ! analysis ran z foll[s3 ,molds 9 #bj ( ! microscopic fields4 ,yea/s & ,spores--#be 9 #a_/fj? ,c4 ,m4 ,bact]ia--#aaj million p] ,c4 ,c4 ,?is also indicates second>y spoilage4 ,! same conditions are indicat$ 9 ?is analysis z 9 ! prec$+ "o4 ,! only diff]5ce is t in/ead ( ! f]m5tation be+ conduct$ by bo? yea/s & bact]ia1 x 0 conduct$ by bact]ia alone4 ,9 o!r cases ! yea/s & spores may run high & ! bact]ia l[1 indicat+ t ! f]m5tation 0 "o ( yea/s1 & n bact]ia4 ,if all ?ree ( ! c\nts run high x indicates t ei!r ! tomatoes 7 v moldy & s(t to beg9 ) & 7 improp]ly sort$1 or t !y 7 bo? improp]ly sort$ & t ! pulp$ juice 0 improp]ly h&l$ 9 ! factory4 ,x is almo/ a sure indication ( prim>y spoilage1 & po9ts v /rongly to second>y spoilage also4 ,!re has be5 consid]able criticism ( ! ,h[>d me?od ( analyz+ tomato products1 & x _c be d5i$ t ! me?od is f> f be+ ideal4 ,x is ! be/ me?od t we h1 h[ev]1 & ! pack] c be sure ( "o ?+1 namely1 t if 8 products are made "r !y w nev] %[ a high te/ by ?is me?od4 ,x is true t all improp]ly made goods d n give a high te/ by ?is me?od1 & t is "o objection to x4 ,^! cases1 h[ev]1 are infrequ5t4 ,! me?od ( e/imat+ all ?ree c\nts has also be5 criticiz$ z be+ unfair & n 9 accordance ) ! be/ bact]iological practice4 ,if any?+ bett] 0 sugge/$ ! ,bureau ( ,*emi/ry w\ld no d\bt be glad to adopt x1 b s f> z ,i "k1 no improvem5t has be5 (f]$4 ,,"p ,,ii ,! ,manufacture ( ,tomato ,catsup1 ,*ili ,sauce1 ,trimm+ ,pulp1 & ,tomato ,s\p ,,*apt] ,,viii ,a ,,discussion ,,( ,,pres]vative ,,& ,,non-,,pres]vative ,,catsups1 ,,& ,,! ,,mo/ ,,frequ5t ,,causes ,,( ,,inf]iority ,unfavorable ,publicity on ,pres]vatives ,:5 ! pure food movem5t fir/ swept ov] ?is c\ntry ! subject ( pres]vatives got v wide publicity1 & ! s5sational press f$ ! p up on ! news t _! food 0 be+ doctor$ ) all sorts ( *emicals4 ,tomato catsup came 9 = its %>e ( ?is publicity1 & ! two pres]vatives mo/ commonly us$ 9 catsup1 namely1 b5zoate ( soda & salicylic acid1 7 class$ among ! *emicals t 7 ru9+ our /oma*s4 ,al?\gh salicylic acid has be5 rul$ out1 b5zoate ( soda is /ill be+ us$ to "s ext5t4 ,! great bulk ( ! catsup n[ be+ manufactur$1 h[ev]1 is made )\t pres]vative1 because pack]s realize t a good p]c5tage ( ! public became prejudic$ aga9/ pres]vatives ( all sorts dur+ ! pure food agitation1 & a great _m are /ill prejudic$ aga9/ ev5 s mild & h>mless a pres]vative z b5zoate ( soda4 ,!re are ^? :o /ill ma9ta9 t ?is pres]vative is or may be h>mful :5 us$ to ! ext5t ( "o-t5? ( "o p] c5t1 :i* is ! p]missible am\nt accord+ to ! f$]al law2 h[ev]1 ! ,rems5 bo>d appo9t$ by ,presid5t ,roosevelt to decide ! b5zoate "q unanim\sly decid$ t :5 b5zoate ( soda is us$ 9 condim5ts to ! ext5t ( "o-t5? ( "o p] c5t x is p]fectly h>mless4 ,x 0 ev5 f\nd to be p]fectly h>mless 9 mu* l>g] proportions4 ,^! facts1 h[ev]1 h nev] rea*$ ! masses1 mo/ ( :om nev] he>d ( ! ,rems5 bo>d1 & ev5 if !y _h1 a great _m p w\ld /ill rema9 prejudic$4 ,mo/ pack]s ?9k1 !re=e1 t x is be/ to play safe & make _! catsup )\t *emical pres]vative1 rely+ solely ^u /]ilization to keep _! product f spoil+ up to ! "t ! bottle is op5$1 & ^u s call$ 8natural0 pres]vatives to keep x f f]m5t+ aft] ! cork is drawn4 8,natural0 ,pres]vatives ,t ^! 8natural0 pres]vatives1 :5 pres5t 9 l>ge quantity1 z !y sometimes are1 may be m h>mful to ! /oma* ?an a m9ute quantity ( b5zoate ( soda1 is surely a reasonable supposition4 ,i h kn[n ( p gett+ sick directly aft] a meal by eat+ a good deal ( catsup ( high acidity on a /eak & dr9k+ milk along ) x4 ,at lea/ ! sickness 0 attribut$ to ?is comb9ation1 & x doesn't seem unreasonable4 ,a high acetic acid acidity w keep catsup z well or bett] ?an ? ( #a ( sodium b5zoate w4 ,!re are catsups on ! m>ket made 8)\t pres]vative0 t w\ld probably nev] f]m5t1 ev5 if expos$ to ! air = a ye>1 because !y conta9 s mu* acetic acid4 ,! raw acetic acid is1 ( c\rse1 n p]mitt$ to be us$1 b a v /rong di/ill$ v9eg> is us$ conta9+ ab\t #aj ( acetic acid4 ,! 8natural0 pres]vatives ( catsup are ! v9eg>1 sug>1 salt1 & spices4 ,! v9eg> probably ex]ts #hj ( ! pres]v+ prop]ty1 ! sug> ab\t #aj & ! salt & spices toge!r #aj4 ,! sug> w\ld h mu* great] pres]v+ prop]ties if x 0 pres5t 9 high] conc5tration z 9 pres]ves or jelly4 ,x is d\btful if ! pres]vative prop]ties ( sug> are v great :5 x is only pres5t to ! ext5t ( ab\t #aj or #ae1 & ! product is ( a liquid nature l catsup4 ,prop] ,acidity ,! prop] ?+ = a pack] ( non-pres]vative catsup to d is to /rike a happy m$ium on acidity2 use en\gh v9eg> to keep x "u almo/ any conditions1 b n s mu* z to almo/ entirely mask ! tomato flavor & require sug> 9 su* l>ge quantity z to make ! f9al product resemble tomato pres]ves4 ,a good total acidity is #a4be1 figur$ z acetic acid4 ,?is figure includes bo? ! acetic acidity ( ! v9eg> & ! natural acidity ( ! tomato4 ,if a catsup is prop]ly manufactur$1 ?is acidity %\ld answ] practically all purposes4 ,! catsup pack] %\ld n be expect$ to make catsup :i* w keep 9 p]fect condition 9 re/aurants :]e absolutely no c>e or intellig5ce is us$ 9 h&l+ x4 ,?is class ( re/aurant proprietor is =tunately 9 a decid$ m9ority1 b r ?an make a catsup t w be s /rongly acid t x w /& up "u 8 treatm5t1 he %\ld be educat$ to use a little c>e 9 ! h&l+ ( ! catsup4 ,! foll[+ is a common abuse 9 re/aurants4 ,we w say1 = example1 t ?ree catsup bottles are on ! tables conta9+ f a half in* to two in*es ( catsup4 ,! waitress does n l to put a bottle :i* is almo/ empty be=e a cu/om]1 s %e p\rs ! cont5ts ( two ( ! ?ree bottles into ! o!r "o4 ,! catsup 9 ^! bottles may be a week old4 ,:5 ! cont5ts ( ! bottle conta9+ ?is mixture are almo/ gone %e p\rs ! re/ ( x into ano!r p>tly fill$ bottle & s on1 s t "s ( ! bottles may conta9 catsup :i* is ov] a mon? old1 & 9 a w>m1 poorly v5tilat$ re/aurant x is apt to />t f]m5t+4 ,! proprietor %\ld be educat$ to ! fact t :5 us+ a non-pres]vative catsup he mu/ n p\r x f "o bottle to ano!r1 b mu/ leave x 9 ! orig9al conta9] until almo/ gone1 & !n use ! balance = mak+ tomato sauce1 spaghetti sauce1 & = flavor+ s\ps1 gravies1 etc4 ,"o advantage ! pack] us+ b5zoate ( soda has ov] ! non-pres]vative pack] is t he c make 8 catsup s t x w keep prop]ly & at ! same "t ma9ta9 ! natural tomato flavor to a high degree4 ,! tomato flavor is ma9ta9$ because x is n l>gely mask$ by ! use ( a lot ( v9eg> & sug>4 ,! pack] us+ b5zoate r>ely uses m ?an a ?ird z mu* v9eg> or half z mu* sug> z ! non-pres]vative pack]4 ,_m non-pres]vative catsup mak]s :o read ?is w ?9k a total acidity ( #a4be is high] ?an necess>y4 ,!y w say to !mselves t ! acidity on _! catsup nev] runs ov] #a1 & !y h nev] _h any compla9ts4 ,x may be t !y d n h a v big re/aurant trade :]e s _m ( ! f]m5tation compla9ts come f1 or t !y d n h a v wide di/ribution ( _! product s t x is subject$ to all sorts ( climatic conditions1 or x may be t !y are hav+ a case ( f]m5tation n[ & !n 9 h\seholds b nev] he> ab\t x4 ,9 t case ! h\sewife usually m]ely drops t br& & buys ano!r "o next "t4 ,b :]e a re/aurant or hotel is hav+ f]m5tation tr\ble1 ! manufactur] is sure to he> ab\t x quick4 ,x is wise to all[ a fair m>g9 ( safety1 & my exp]i5ce is t a total acidity ( #a4be is n too high4 ,q a few catsup pack]s ma9ta9 an acidity betwe5 #a4ej & #a4ge1 & "o l>ge conc]n has = ye>s kept ! acidity ( _! catsup ar\nd #b4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 seems unnecess>ily high4 ,acidity w be discuss$ fur!r 9 ! next *apt]4 ,process+ ,catsups ,non-pres]vative catsups %\ld ei!r be process$ aft] fill+ & seal+1 or ! bottles %\ld be /]iliz$ be=e fill+ & ! catsup fill$ v hot )\t giv+ an aft]-/]ilization4 ,catsups made ) ! addition ( b5zoate ( soda are n process$2 h[ev]1 ! fact t b5zoate is us$ %\ld n cause laxness at any /age 9 ! manufactur+ process4 ,x is a mi/ake = manufactur]s to ?9k t ? ( #a ( b5zoate ( soda w keep _! product 9 p]fect condition reg>dless ( h[ c>eless !y are 9 _! manufactur+ processes4 ,advantage ( ,b5zoate ,catsups ,"s br&s ( b5zoate catsup enjoy a v good sale1 & are popul> ) ^? :o d n l a /rongly acid & sug>y catsup1 b pref] "o :i* is mild & 9 :i* ! pr$om9at+ flavor is "o ( tomato bl5d$ ) mild spic+4 ,a re/aurant us+ a catsup or *ili sauce ( ?is "* w almo/ always use m ( x ?an !y w ( a /rongly acid catsup :i* is highly spic$4 ,if ! catsup is mild1 m ( x is usually us$ at a "t4 ,causes ( ,poor ,color & ,flavor ,! *ief objections to mo/ ( ! catsups on ! m>ket are a lack ( bright r$ color1 & a m or less scor*$ ta/e4 ,?is may be due to a numb] ( causes4 ,! br[ni% color may be due to und]ripe tomatoes1 or to tomatoes :i* 7 pick$ dur+ a spell ( cold1 d>k wea!r4 ,x takes sun%9e to give tomatoes a brilliant color1 & :5 !re is an abs5ce ( sun%9e = a week or t5 days _m ( ! tomatoes w rot be=e !y atta9 a bright r$ color4 ,at su* times dur+ ! season x is impossible to get a brilliant color1 b if ! pack] w ex]cise z mu* control z he is able to ov] ! pick+1 p]suad+ ! f>m]s to hold _! tomatoes back j z long z possible1 he w n h a great deal ( su* goods & he c get a fair color out ( :at he does get1 out ( ^! dull color$ tomatoes4 ,he %\ld be c>eful n to mix br[ni% t9t$ catsup ) ! brilliant r$ goods4 ,if he w keep simil> %ades ( catsup 9 ! same %ipm5t he is n ne>ly z apt to h compla9ts z he w h if he mixes diff]5t colors4 ,x is ev5 m important t all ! bottles 9 "o case %\ld be v ne>ly alike4 ,a groc] :o receives a case ( catsup all ( :i* is v slightly (f 9 color w usually n compla9 unless x is decid$ly (f4 ,if1 h[ev]1 (f color$ bottles are mix$ 9 ! same case ) bottles ( a brilliant r$ color1 ! poor color$ goods suff] greatly by comp>ison1 & !n !re is apt to be a compla9t4 ,! o!r causes ( poor color$ catsup are scor*+ at "s /age 9 ! manufactur+ process & too mu* cook+4 ,by too mu* cook+ is n only meant too long a cook at "o "t1 b also too mu* cook+ 9 ! aggregate4 ,= example1 a pack] receives tomatoes ( good color & he cooks !m into pulp1 :i* requires a cook ( ?irty m9utes4 ,he packs ! pulp 9 ,no4 #aj cans & /]ilizes x ab\t =ty m9utes1 & he has a good color$ pulp1 z x has only receiv$ two %ort cook+s4 ,he /ores ?is pulp = sev]al mon?s1 & !n makes x into catsup4 ,x is reheat$1 :i* is h>d on ! color1 z heat appli$ to cold pulp = five m9utes to br+ x to a boil seems to hurt ! color z mu* z a half h\r add$ on to ! cook aft] ! pulp is hot4 ,aft] reheat+1 x is cook$ into catsup1 :i* requires ab\t ?irty m9utes1 & aft] be+ bottl$ x is /]iliz$ at a high temp]ature = ab\t an h\r1 :i* makes ! f\r? cook+ ^? tomatoes get4 ,?is is :at is meant by too mu* cook+ 9 ! aggregate4 ,too long a cook at "o "t w1 ( c\rse1 also d>k5 ! product4 ,scor*+ is m frequ5t ) catsup made f pulp ?an ) t made f fre% tomatoes4 ,mu* ( ! catsup made f pulp1 al?\gh n actually scor*$1 has a v fa9t scor*$ flavor to x4 ,x is h>d inde$ to make catsup f pulp :i* ta/es l ! goods :i* is bottl$ f fre%ly run tomatoes4 ,x falls beh9d 9 bo? color & flavor4 ,"o f9ds t color & flavor are v closely associat$ 9 catsup4 ,a bright r$ catsup is practically always a f9e flavor$ product1 :ile a dull color$ catsup ) a br[ni% ca/ to x v frequ5tly has a m or less unpleasant ta/e ) ! sugge/ion ( be+ some:at scor*$4 ,advantage ( ,direct ,conv]sion ( ,tomatoes ,into ,catsup ,_m catsup mak]s are do+ away ) w9t] pack+ almo/ altoge!r4 ,!y bottle at lea/ #ij ( _! catsup direct f fre% tomatoes4 ,half ( ! rema9+ #aj is made f #ej fre% tomatoes & #ej pulp1 ! pulp be+ add$ ab\t t5 m9utes be=e ! cook+ is complet$4 ,?is fre% tomato & pulp mixture makes a mu* bett] flavor$ product ?an "o c expect to get f /raight pulp4 ,pulp c always be us$ 9 comb9ation ) fre% tomatoes at ! beg9n+ & at ! close ( ! season :5 ! tomato receipts are light4 ,catsup made direct f tomatoes is n only ( sup]ior quality1 b x c be manufactur$ at lea/ #bj;c a doz5 *eap] = ! p9t size ?an catsup made f cann$ pulp4 ,9 _m cases ! diff]5ce w run m ?an t4 ,pack]s :o put up a g5]al l9e ( tomato products w d well to res]ve _! fre% tomatoes = catsup1 & to use _! pulp = bean sauce1 spaghetti sauce1 tomato s\p1 etc41 all ( :i* c be made bett] f pulp ?an "o c make catsup f pulp4 ,?ickness ,! ?ickness ( catsups f\nd on ! m>ket is fairly uni=m1 & !re is r>ely a cause = compla9t on ?is score4 ,:5 catsup is pack$ 9 cans1 ! ?ick] x is ! bett] ! buy] likes x z a rule2 h[ev] ) bottl$ goods excessive ?ickness is n a virtue b a cause ( mu* annoyance to ! consum]4 ,x is bett] to h x j a %ade too ?9 ?an too ?ick4 ,spic+ & ,sweetness ,improp] spic+ ( catsups is n a common fault ei!r4 ,ev5 :]e ess5tial oils are us$ exclusively = spic+1 a real good flavor c be _h if ! oils are prop]ly adm9i/]$4 ,z to sweetness1 _m catsup mak]s are com+ to ! conclusion t ! public is dem&+ a slightly sweet] catsup ?an 0 g5]ally pack$ eight or t5 ye>s ago4 ,!re is v little d\bt b :at a composite sample f a half doz5 prom95t br&s ( today1 if comp>$ ) a composite sample tak5 f ! same br&s t5 ye>s ago1 w\ld %[ q an increase 9 sweetness4 ,"o ( ! l>ge/ sell+ br&s on ! m>ket has a di/9ct sweeti% ta/e1 & ! public1 at lea/ a l>ge p]c5tage ( x1 seems to l x4 ,!re are /ill _m :o l a t>t or slightly s\r ta/e1 b ! t5d5cy is unque/ionably 9 ! o!r direction4 8,black ,neck0 ,a r common defect 9 bottl$ catsup is :at is commonly call$ 8black neck10 :i* is a d>k5$ space 9 ! neck ( ! bottle1 all ! way f a half in* to ov] two in*es 9 dep?4 ,sev]al ye>s ago ,i made a v ?or\gh inve/igation ( ! causes ( black neck$ catsup1 & e ?+ seems to po9t to ! fact t 9 n9e cases out ( t5 x comes f leakage ( air into ! closure ( ! bottle4 ,! space betwe5 ! surface ( ! catsup & ! top ( ! bottle %\ld be a vacuum if ! seal is p]fect1 z ?is space is left by ! contraction ( ! catsup 9 ! bottle :5 x cools4 ,_m closures1 no matt] :at /yle1 d n seem to be entirely imp]vi\s to air1 & ! catsup gradually d>k5s z ! air is gradually admitt$4 ,a sugge/ion = ov]com+ 8black neck0 w be giv5 lat] "u ! head ( 8/ack+ catsup40 ,g5]al ,attractiv5ess ,! g5]al attractiv5ess ( ! package is1 ( c\rse1 important4 ,a *eap1 unv>ni%$ label :i* quickly becomes dirty look+1 & a *eap t9 cap :i* gets black & fil?y look+ on ! inside aft] ! catsup has be5 op5 a few days1 d n enhance ! sale ( a product1 & only make a v slight r$uction 9 ! manufactur+ co/4 ,! pack] %\ld by all means use ei!r a re-t9n$ cap or an inside enamel$ cap4 ,ord9>y pla9 t9 caps %\ld be absolutely b>r$1 z !y are entirely unfit = a bottl$ condim5t :i* conta9s z mu* acid z catsup4 ,al?\gh ! rem>ks 9 ?is *apt] h be5 conf9$ to catsup1 x %\ld be und]/ood t !y apply equally to *ili sauce1 :i* only diff]s f catsup 9 t x is made f peel$ in/ead ( /ra9$ tomatoes1 & is usually a little bit m spicy4 ,,*apt] ,,ix ,a ,,discussion ,,( ,,! ,,+r$i5ts ,,( ,,catsup2 ,,:5 ,,& ,,h[ ,,!y ,,%\ld ,,be ,,add$2 ,,& ,,! ,,am\nts ,,( ,,ea* ,,p] #ajj ,,gallons ,,( ,,f9i%$ ,,catsup ,practically all ( ?is *apt] w be devot$ to non-pres]vative catsup4 ,! use ( b5zoate ( soda & ! *anges 9 ! =mula :i* its use involves w be briefly discuss$ at ! end ( ! *apt]4 ,measur+ ! ,volume ( ,tomato ,juice ,:5 catsup is be+ manufactur$ direct f tomatoes ! tomatoes %\ld be previ\sly cyclon$1 ei!r by ! cold or hot process4 ,i h nev] cook$ catsup direct f cru%$ tomatoes1 z x is evid5t t cru%$ /ock is op5 to at lea/ two objections4 ,! fir/ is t ! f9i%+ po9t w\ld be r h>d to gauge accurately1 due to ! pres5ce ( s _m peel+s1 & ! second is t :5 ! peel+s & se$s are scre5$ out by ! f9i%+ ma*9e !y w\ld no d\bt c>ry "s ( ! +r$i5ts ) !m1 *iefly sug>1 :i* w\ld be a wa/e4 ,if ! tomato juice is deliv]$ to ! catsup cook+ kettle f a 8break+ tank10 z x is 9 ! hot pulp+ me?od1 ! volume ( tomatoes to be us$ p] bat* ( catsup is measur$ on ! 8break+ tank10 & ! cyclon$ juice is deliv]$ f ?is tank to ! catsup cook+ kettle z ! cond5sation gradually all[s m & m ( x to be tak5 c>e (4 ,if ! cold pulp+ process is us$ "s o!r me?od ( measur+ ! tomatoes = ea* bat* mu/ be us$4 ,"o way is to h ! catsup cook+ kettle built high en\gh s t x c hold ! entire volume ( cyclon$ juice requir$ = ! bat* )\t boil+ ov] :5 ! /eam is turn$ on4 ,! juice is !n pump$ ov] to a c]ta9 measure on ! kettle be=e ! cook+ is begun4 ,?is requires v high cook+ tanks4 ,ano!r way is to take ov] z mu* juice z ! kettle w hold & conc5trate x1 & !n %ut (f ! /eam & take ov] ano!r measur$ volume accord+ to a gauge on ! inside ( ! tank :i* rea*es f top to bottom1 & is m>k$ (f 9 gallons4 ,if ?is me?od is us$ ! cook+ kettles ne$ n be s high4 ,ano!r way is to use a met] on ! pipe l9e betwe5 ! cyclone & ! cook+ kettles1 :i* w regi/]1 )9 tw5ty-five gallons1 ! volume ( tomato juice be+ pump$ ov]4 ,x is1 ( c\rse1 an advantage to />t ! cook+ z soon z ! coil or jacket is cov]$1 s z to kill gr[+ micro-organisms z quickly z possible1 & x is also an advantage to keep ! cont5ts ( ! kettle vigor\sly boil+ f ! "t ! coil or jacket is cov]$ ) ! fre% juice until ! bat* ( catsup is f9i%$4 ,none ( ! +r$i5ts %\ld be add$ until all ( ! tomato juice = ! bat* is 9 ! kettle1 ) ! exception ( ! bag ( spices4 ,x is usually n consid]$ advisable to cook bat*es ( catsup ( ov] #cjj gallons :5 f9i%$4 ,i h cook$ z mu* z #djj gallons at a "t1 b x requires q a long cook to complete ! cond5sation unless ! tank has a l>ge surface = evaporation & a coil ) a v l>ge cook+ capacity1 & a high /eam pressure is available4 ,am\nt ( ,tomatoes ,9 discuss+ ! prop] am\nts ( ! v>i\s +r$i5ts to use1 a bat* ( f9i%$ catsup ( #ajj gallons 9 volume1 :5 measur$ hot1 w be tak5 z ! basis ?r\gh\t ?is *apt]4 ,! am\nt ( tomatoes requir$ to make #ajj gallons ( f9i%$ catsup v>ies accord+ to ! season ( ! ye> & ! quality ( ! /ock4 ,if ! tomatoes are wat]y1 or conta9 s mu* rot t #be or m mu/ be cut away1 t ( c\rse makes a big diff]5ce4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 ! tomatoes are l>ge & meaty1 & conta9 sc>cely any rot1 a comp>atively small am\nt ( !m are requir$4 ,tak+ tomatoes ( av]age size1 conta9+ an av]age am\nt ( solid matt]1 & f :i* #aj by weight ( rott5 mat]ial is sort$ out1 x is safe to figure on #cg bu%els ( tomatoes or #ei? bu%el baskets = #ajj gallons ( f9i%$ catsup4 ,keep+ ,bat*es ,uni=m ,if ! catsup bat*es are to be kept uni=m 9 size ?r\gh\t ! season1 z !y %\ld be1 ! quantity ( tomatoes p] bat* w h to be *ang$ slightly f "t to "t accord+ to ! am\nt ( wat] !y conta94 ,! only safe way is to put a gauge on ea* cook+ tank :i* m>ks ! desir$ volume ( catsup :5 cook$1 & to v>y ! volume ( tomato juice p] bat* to ! ext5t :i* is indicat$ by ! gauge4 ,if ! bat*es are runn+ two in*es l[1 ! cook w "k by a little exp]im5t+ j h[ mu* extra juice w be requir$ p] bat* to make x "r4 ,hav+ all ! bat*es come out exactly ! same 9 size is important1 bo? 9 pres]vative & non-pres]vative goods4 ,9 ! =m]1 ! p]c5tage ( pres]vative _c1 ( c\rse1 be kept uni=m unless ! bat*es are kept uni=m 9 size4 ,9 non-pres]vative goods x is advisable to keep ! p]c5tage ( acetic acid--t +r$i5t ^u :i* ! keep+ quality *iefly dep5ds--z ne>ly uni=m z possible4 ,( c\rse1 if a bat* runs l>ge1 ! acetic acid p]c5tage w be l[1 :ile if ! bat* runs small1 ! acetic acid p]c5tage w be high] ?an necess>y4 ,! spic+ w also be m uni=m if ! bat*es are uni=m 9 size4 ,use ( ,spices 9 a ,sack ,:]e ! spices are put 9 a sack1 ! sack is usually ti$ to ! coil1 if ?is type ( cook+ tank is be+ us$1 & :]e a jacket$ kettle is us$1 !re be+ no place to tie ! sack1 x is usually j ?r[n on top ( ! boil+ tomato juice & all[$ to float ar\nd ne> ! surface dur+ ! boil+4 ,"o conc]n uses a long pole :i* is susp5d$ f ov]head & rea*es to )9 a foot ( ! bottom ( ! jacket$ kettle4 ,! sack is ti$ to ?is pole1 & x is ?us held d[n dur+ ! boil+4 ,z to :e!r any flavor is actually lo/ by all[+ ! spice bag to float ne> ! surface is a "q4 ,?is c\ld easily be det]m9$ by an analysis ( ! spice residue4 ,use ( ,spices ,direct & ,:5 to ,add ,!m ,z f> z ,i "k1 :ole spices are always us$ :5 ! spices are plac$ 9 a sack1 & :5 !y are ?r[n into ! catsup direct1 gr\nd spice is us$4 ,x is claim$ by "s t ! latt] me?od gives j z good results z ! =m]1 & t no advantage is to be ga9$ by ! use ( sacks4 ,z to :e!r or n ?is is true ,i _c say1 z ,i h nev] us$ gr\nd spices 9 catsup ) ! exception ( pepp]1 g+] & paprika4 ,! reason = us+ sacks1 ( c\rse1 is to all[ ! flavor ( ! spice to be extract$ )\t hav+ ! spices come 9 direct contact ) ! catsup4 ,if y w mac]ate "s gr\nd allspice or cloves 9 dilute acetic acid = a :ile1 y w notice ! black sub/ance :i* is extract$1 & x is surely reasonable to suppose t at lea/ "s ( ?is w be extract$ 9 catsup :5 ! gr\nd spices are ?r[n 9 direct4 ,z = ! cassia1 !re probably w\ld be no objection to ! use ( ! spice direct4 ,! flavor ( mace is lo/ by cont9u$ boil+1 & ! use ( x 9 a sack :i* /ays 9 ! boil+ liquid = ?irty m9utes or long] is a wa/e ( ! mace4 ,if mace is boil$ long 9 direct contact ) ! catsup x imp>ts a v bitt] ta/e4 ,! prop] way to add mace is to ?r[ x 9 direct 9 ! brok5 =m ab\t ?ree m9utes be=e ! bat* is done4 ,g+] %\ld be add$ at ! same "t z mace1 z its volatile oil passes (f v rapidly1 & if cook$ long x w practically all be lo/ by volatilization4 ,z to ! pepp] & paprika1 !y are add$ direct 9 ! gr\nd =m at ! beg9n+ ( ! cook+4 ,mu/>d is also said to be us$ 9 catsup1 b x app>5tly isn't us$ ext5sively4 ,use ( ,spices 9 ,two ,bat*es ,if ! :ole spices are plac$ 9 a sack x is a good idea to cook ea* sack ( spices 9 two bat*es4 ,9 ?is way m ( ! flavor is extract$ ?an w\ld be tak5 out by "o boil+4 ,?is c be prov5 by cook+ a bat* ( catsup ) no spice o!r ?an a sack ( spices :i* has be5 previ\sly cook$ 9 a bat* ( catsup4 ,note ! flavor :i* is extract$ by ! second cook+1 & y w see :]e y are los+ valuable mat]ial :5 y ?r[ away a bag ( spice residue aft] "o cook+4 ,( c\rse ! cook w !n h two sacks ( spices 9 ea* bat*--a new "o & an old "o1 & he mu/ m>k !m 9 "s way s he c tell :i* is :i* :5 ! bat* is drawn (f4 ,a good way is to tie ! new sack ) a s+le knot1 & ! old "o ) a d\ble knot4 ,?is me?od seems to be less confus+ to ! cook ?an any o!r4 ,x is also important to tie ! spices 9 ! sack loosely4 ,if a cook is n in/ruct$ ab\t ?is he w inv>iably tie a cord ar\nd ! sack s close to ! spices t !re is no room = !m to move ar\nd :ile ! sack is be+ agitat$ by ! boil+4 ,und\bt$ly a bett] extraction c be obta9$ if ! spices h fre$om ( movem5t 9 ! sacks4 ,:at ,is ,extract$ ,:at we really get f ! spices is a wat] extract4 ,! acetic acid ( ! v9eg> probably extracts a little m1 b z ! v9eg> is only cook$ 9 ! catsup ab\t ?ree m9utes1 a great deal ( extraction c\ld n be expect$ f t s\rce4 ,n only ! volatile oils1 b organic comp\nds call$ e/]s1 & also "s ( ! non-volatile oils are extract$ f ! spices4 ,! volatile oils produce mo/ ( ! flavor1 h[ev] ! e/]s also add to ! flavor consid]ably4 ,! non-volatile or 8fix$0 oil ( cay5ne pepp] has q a /rong spicy flavor1 al?\gh n ne>ly z /rong z ! volatile oil ( cay5ne4 ,! fix$ oils ( cassia1 allspice1 & mace h no flavor at all4 ,ev5 ?\gh a bag ( spices be boil$ 9 two bat*es ( =ty-five m9utes ea*1 a great deal ( _! flavor is /ill left 9 !m4 ,?is has be5 prov5 by *emical analyses ( spice residues4 ,ev5 q a l>ge p]c5tage ( ! volatile oils /ill rema9 9 ! spice residue1 &1 ( c\rse1 a l>g] p]c5tage ( ! non-volatile or fix$ oils4 ,x is a "q1 h[ev]1 z to :e!r ! extraction ( ! volatile oil ( ^! spice residues w\ld be a pay+ proposition4 ,s f> z ,i "k1 none ( ! di/ill]s ( ess5tial oils seem to be int]e/$ 9 !m4 ,/or+ ,spices ,spices %\ld n be held 9 /orage = a long "t1 p>ticul>ly 9 op5 b9s1 z "s ( _! volatile oils pass (f little by little into ! air & are lo/4 ,?is is especially true ( cassia1 ei!r gr\nd or brok54 ,!y %\ld be /or$ 9 a dry place1 z "s ( !m are apt to mold if left 9 an atmosph]e ( cond5s+ /eam1 & ( c\rse ?is mold w\ld contam9ate ! catsup to "s ext5t4 ,i h se5 mace :i* 0 9 a v moldy condition due to its hav+ be5 /or$ 9 ! cook room = "s "t1 & hav+ collect$ moi/ure4 ,"s ( ! mild] v>ieties ( pepp] are also kn[n to become moldy on exposure to extreme dampness4 ,quality ( ,flavor ,a great deal c\ld be writt5 ab\t ! quality ( v>i\s v>ieties ( ! same spice4 ,all ( ^! v>ieties w n be discuss$ "h b ,i w try to %[ h[ ! pack] is sometimes mislead by spice salesm5 :o %[ *emical analyses ( _! spices z positive pro( ( ! actual value t !y conta94 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ! true value ( a spice _c be %[n by a *emical analysis4 ,take1 = example1 cassia4 ,! f9e/ flavor$ cassia is ! ,saigon cassia1 :i* c be obta9$ 9 ! ?9 quill1 ! m$ium b>k1 & 9 ! ?ick b>k4 ,at ! o!r extreme we h ! ,*9a cassia1 :i* is consid]ably *eap] ?an ! ,saigon4 ,if ! catsup pack] is go+ to judge 8 spices accord+ to /r5g?1 he may f9d t he gets m /r5g? f ! *eap cassia ?an f ! exp5sive "o4 ,! *emical analysis may %[ t ! ,*9a cassia conta9s m ess5tial oil ?an ! ,saigon does4 ,9 fact1 ?is is (t5 ! case4 ,h[ev]1 :at ab\t ! quality ( t ess5tial oil8 ,!re is ! po9t4 ,! ess5tial oil extract$ f ! ,saigon is diff]5t f t extract$ f ! ,*9a cassia4 ,x has a m delicate1 ref9$ flavor4 ,its flavor is m pleas+ to ! palate1 & is free f 8h>%ness10 & 8/r5g?0 ( an unref9$ nature4 ,?is does n mean t "o _c make a nice flavor$ catsup ) ,*9a cassia1 z su* is n ! case1 b a bett] flavor c be obta9$ ) ,saigon4 ,! po9t is t quality ( flavor z well z quantity ( flavor mu/ be consid]$4 ,*emical analyses are only ( value :5 exactly ! same v>iety ( two or m samples ( spice are comp>$4 ,:5 x comes to cay5ne pepp]1 ! quality ( ! flavor is n ! important factor t x is 9 ! mild] spices4 ,cay5ne is us$ to give 8hotness0 to ! catsup1 & ! hott] ! cay5ne is1 ! great] its value to ! pack]4 ,! ,mombassa & ! ,japan *illies are ! hotte/1 al?\gh 9 rec5t ye>s !y h be5 s exp5sive t x is m economical to use "s ( ! o!rs1 ev5 ?\gh a slightly l>g] quantity may be requir$4 ,= allspice1 x is n necess>y to use a l>ge1 fancy b]ry1 b a small size :i* is fairly free f /icks1 /ones1 & decay$ or pi?y b]ries w answ] ! purpose j z well4 ,! relative values ( samples c be comp>$ by inspect+ !m & not+ ! p]c5tage ( =eign & decay$ mat]ial4 ,z to cloves1 x is aga9 n necess>y to use a fancy article1 al?\gh all v>ieties w n imp>t exactly ! same flavor1 j z 9 ! case ( cassia a diff]5t flavor is obta9$ f ,saigon & ,*9a cassia4 ,"s pack]s l ! flavor ( ! ,zanzib> cloves1 :ile o!rs give ano!r v>iety slight pref]5ce1 *ief among :i* are ! ,p5ang1 ,amboyna1 & ,pemba4 ,p5ang & ,b&a are ! fancie/ v>ieties ( mace1 b "s ( ! o!r v>ieties are all "r = catsup1 ) ! exception ( ,bombay mace1 :i* has no flavor1 & is consid]$ an adult]ant4 ,use ( ,ess5tial ,oils ,9 _m cases spices are n us$ at all1 b _! ess5tial oils are us$ in/ead4 ,9 o!r cases bo? spices & oils are us$4 ,"s pack]s object to ! use ( cloves on acc\nt ( ! l>ge am\nt ( tannic acid !y conta9 7usually f #af to #bj71 :i* x is ?\ght has a d>k5+ t5d5cy1 especially if any iron is pres5t1 & x is also ?\ght t o!r d>k5+ sub/ances are extract$ f ! cloves4 ,if ! ess5tial oil is us$1 ?is is avoid$4 ,ess5tial oils1 :5 add$ prop]ly1 produce a catsup ( good flavor1 & ! product is 9 e way acceptable4 ,a bett] flavor1 h[ev]1 c be obta9$ by ! use ( :ole spices4 ,a wat] extract obta9$ f :ole spices is diff]5t f ! ess5tial oil ( ! spice4 ,x conta9s ! ess5tial oil1 "p ( x at lea/1 b x also conta9s o!r sub/ances :i* imp>t flavor4 ,! flavor produc$ by :ole spices is n q z h>% z t produc$ by ess5tial oils4 8,h>%0 is n exactly ! ^w1 b x comes ab\t z close to x z any?+ ,i c ?9k (4 ,! :ole spices imp>t a weal? ( flavor1 b !re is fre$om f 8/rongness10 or any fa9t sugge/ion ( a 8drug/ore ta/e40 ,i h ta/$ catsups made ) oils 9 :i* ?is 8drug/ore ta/e0--,i use ! t]m = lack ( a bett] "o--0 app>5t1 & x may h be5 due to ! quality ( ! ess5tial oils us$1 b m ?an likely 0 due to ! fact t !y 7 n prop]ly adm9i/]$4 ,x is necess>y to get ! oils ?or\ghly & ev5ly incorporat$ into ! catsup )\t volatiliz+ too mu* ( !m4 ,h[ to ,add ,ess5tial ,oils ,! be/ way ,i "k ( to d ?is is z foll[s3 ,add ! oil f a small lipp$ conta9]1 l an #h oz4 glass graduate1 aft] ! catsup is cook$1 t is1 j z soon z ! /eam is %ut (f ( ! bat*1 spread+ x sl[ly ov] ! entire surface ( ! catsup1 n dump+ x 9 "o spot2 !n turn ! /eam on full1 & leave x on five seconds2 !n %ut x (f imm$iately1 & op5 ! exhau/4 ,?is w n make an absolutely p]fect mixture ( ! oil 9 ! catsup1 b x w d ! job bett] ?an agitators1 & by only leav+ ! /eam on five seconds v little ( ! oil is lo/ by volatilization4 ,! bru%+ ( ! catsup ?r\gh ! f9i%+ ma*9e also helps 9 m ?or\ghly mix+ 9 ! oil1 & if ! catsup is !n pump$ f ! f9i%] to a receiv+ tank ov] ! fill+ ma*9e1 z is (t5 done1 ! mix+ is made /ill m complete by ! pump+ process4 ,if a numb] ( diff]5t ess5tial oils are us$ !y are mix$ toge!r be=e add+4 ,"o l>ge manufactur] ^: catsup is well lik$ uses no :ole spices at all1 ev5 us+ oleo res9 capsicum in/ead ( gr\nd cay5ne pepp]4 ,oleo res9 capsicum is mu* hott] ?an ! gr\nd cay5ne1 &1 ( c\rse1 a v small quantity ( x is requir$4 ,paprika ,paprika is us$ to a v l>ge ext5t 9 catsup1 *iefly because ( its bright r$ color1 :i* assi/s to "s ext5t 9 ton+ up ! color ( a catsup t w\ld o!rwise be r unattractive because ( its br[ni% ca/4 ,if any appreciable help is to be obta9$ f paprika1 x mu/ be us$ 9 l>ge quantity1 & x mu/ be ( ! mo/ brilliant r$ v>iety4 ,mu* paprika has a dull brick or br[ni% color1 & x might z well be left out4 ,! use ( only a p\nd ( paprika to #ajj gallons ( catsup sc>cely produces any effect on ! color4 ,if paprika is us$1 at lea/ two p\nds %\ld be us$ = ?is quantity ( catsup1 o!rwise x might almo/ z well be omitt$4 ,( c\rse1 paprika is a spice z well z a color1 & on t acc\nt x c be us$ 9 catsup )\t any /atem5t on ! label to ! effect t ! product is color$ artificially4 ,x does imp>t "s flavor1 b ! flavor isn't p>ticul>ly desirable 9 catsup4 ,if paprika 0 yell[ or br[n1 in/ead ( r$1 x is d\btful if x w\ld be us$ at all 9 catsup2 c]ta9ly x w\ld n be us$ ext5sively4 ,mo/ ( ! be/ catsups on ! m>ket are made )\t paprika1 & ^! catsups are z a rule ! mo/ brilliant 9 color1 z !y are made almo/ entirely f fre% tomatoes4 ,! color is n kill$ by a long succession ( cook+ processes1 & !re=e ! use ( paprika is unnecess>y & w\ld add absolutely no?+ to ! color4 ,paprika is a r poor excuse = a color+ matt] anyway4 ,! color+ pr9ciple 9 ! spice is n soluble 9 ! catsup1 & all ( ! color is reta9$ )9 ! gra9s ( ! p[d]4 ,if ?is color+ pr9ciple dissolv$ 9 ! catsup1 z does co*9eal1 ! effect w\ld be v good4 ,! use ( paprika is v easily detect$ by p\r+ out a bit ( ! catsup on a piece ( pap]1 & mak+ a ?9 lay] ( x4 ,! gra9s ( paprika !n /& out v prom95tly4 ,"s catsups are lit]ally 8load$0 ) paprika1 & !y h a sort ( brick color1 :i* is some:at diff]5t f ! color produc$ by fre%1 ripe tomatoes4 ,?is catsup w\ld no d\bt be br[n if s mu* paprika wasn't us$4 ,z to flavor1 su* goods are usually n v good1 & are (t5 v poor inde$4 ,quantities ( ,spices & ,oils p] ,bat* ,z to ! quantity ( spices to use p] #ajj gallons ( catsup1 ,i w\ld sugge/ #c oz4 ( gr\nd cay5ne pepp]1 #a lbs4 ( m$ium b>k1 brok5 ,saigon cassia1 #a lbs4 ( :ole allspice1 & #a lbs4 ( :ole cloves4 ,! cassia1 allspice1 & cloves g 9 a sack1 & ! cay5ne goes 9 direct at ! beg9n+ ( ! cook+4 ,if paprika is us$ x is put 9 ) ! cay5ne4 ,if ! ess5tial oil ( cloves is pref]r$ to ! :ole spice1 #a oz4 ( x w give a pron\nc$ clove ta/e1 al?\gh n too pron\nc$4 ,if x is desir$ to use ess5tial oils altoge!r1 ) ! exception ( ! cay5ne pepp]1 a good mixture is oz4 oil ( cassia1 #a oz4 oil ( cloves1 & oz4 oil ( pim5to4 ,a good flavor$ catsup c also be obta9$ ) ! am\nts ( pepp]1 oil ( cassia1 & oil ( cloves giv5 above1 b ) no oil ( pim5to4 ,x %\ld be rememb]$ t ) ^! oils ! mo/ important po9t is ! successful adm9i/ration ( !m4 ,giv+ prop] quantities to use am\nts to no?+ if !y are improp]ly adm9i/]$4 ,9 fact1 any k9d ( a =mula = mak+ a tomato product am\nts to v little 9 itself4 ,x doesn't make any diff]5ce h[ f9e a =mula a man has1 x by no means assures a good product4 ,:5 ! =mula is obta9$ a b>e />t is made4 ,9 ! h&s ( "o manufactur] excell5t results w be obta9$ ) ! use ( a =mula1 :ile ano!r man :o has practically ! same =mula w make an absolute failure ( 8 manufactur+4 ,ess5tial ,oils ,economical ,! use ( spice oils is m economical z f> z ! actual exp5se ( ! =mula is conc]n$1 & x is also v conv5i5t1 z y h y\r flavor+ 9 small packages 9 a highly conc5trat$ =m4 ,z ^! oils are di/ill$ f spices :i* are wormy1 or = "s o!r reason n m>ketable z :ole spices1 ! spice f :i* !y are di/ill$ c be obta9$ v *eap4 ,z a rule ! oils are di/ill$ :]e ! spices are gr[n1 & only ! ess5tial oil is import$4 ,9 ord] to make ! oils comply ) ! regulations ( ! ,u4 ,s4 ,ph>macopoeia1 x is usually necess>y to re-di/ill !m "h1 z !y (t5 conta9 lead f be+ transport$ 9 lead conta9]s4 ,adult]ation ( ,gr\nd ,spices ,if gr\nd spices are us$ !y %\ld be b\ght f a conc]n ( v high /&+1 z _! adult]ation is by no means an uncommon practice4 ,deception is1 ( c\rse1 difficult 9 :ole spices4 ,su* adult]ation z ! use ( t5 or tw5ty p] c5t ( gr\nd pepp] %ells 9 gr\nd pepp] has frequ5tly be5 discov]$ by gov]nm5t *emi/s4 ,gr\nd olive /ones1 sawdu/1 brick du/1 gr\nd cocoanut %ells1 & _m o!r in]t sub/ances h also be5 f\nd 9 gr\nd spices4 ,adult]ation c almo/ always be detect$ by ei!r microscopical or *emical exam9ation1 b !re h be5 cases :]e ! adult]ation has be5 s clev]ly done t ! only way x c\ld be v]ifi$ 0 by detective "w on ! "p ( gov]nm5t ag5ts4 ,onions & ,g>lic ,onions = catsup ne$ n be c>efully peel$1 z a little peel+ w n imp>t any =eign ta/e4 ,x is well1 h[ev]1 to remove t "p ( ! peel+ :i* is dry & comes (f easily4 ,! f9i%+ ma*9e w remove t portion ( ! peel+ :i* is left4 ,! sweet ,b]muda onions are n z good = catsup z are ! /rong] k9d1 z x takes too _m ( !m to imp>t a di/9ct onion flavor4 ,! onions %\ld1 ( c\rse1 be wa%$ if !y are n clean :5 tak5 f ! sack4 ,"s firms use an onion wa%+ & peel+ ma*9e & !y l ! ma*9e v mu*4 ,a co>se gr9d+ ( ! onions is suffici5t4 ,"s pack]s use g>lic & "s d n4 ,g>lic is treat$ 9 exactly ! same way z onions b %\ld be gr\nd r f9e4 ,! cloves ( ! g>lic %\ld be remov$ f ! envelop+ tissue1 b x is n necess>y to sep>ate ! individual cloves f ! h>d1 fibr\s coat+ :i* surr\nds !m4 ,onions & g>lic %\ld be add$ z soon z all ( ! tomato juice = ! bat* is boil+ 9 ! kettle4 ,= a #ajj gallon bat*1 two gallons ( *opp$ onions & lb4 ( gr\nd g>lic are ab\t ! "r am\nts4 ,gr\nd onions & g>lic %\ld n be left /&+ ov] night1 z !y get black & lose _! flavor4 ,9 cases :]e "s are unavoidably left ov]1 !y %\ld be cov]$ ) v9eg> & salt4 ,sug>s ,! sug>s mo/ commonly us$ 9 catsup are granulat$ cane1 cl>ifi$ cane1 granulat$ beet1 & raw1 unref9$ sug>s4 ,! pure/ ( ^! are granulat$ cane & granulat$ beet1 :i* are equally good4 ,!re is a prejudice aga9/ beet sug> by _m p 9 ! ea/1 :o ?9k x is n z good z cane sug>1 b ?is is a mi/ak5 idea4 ,any food *emi/ w tell y t !y are ! same1 & are equally good4 ,all granulat$ sug>1 :e!r cane or beet1 mu/ conta9 at lea/ #ii4e ( sucrose 7pure sug>7 to comply ) ! f$]al /&>d4 ,& rememb] t sucrose is sucrose1 :e!r d]iv$ f sug> cane or sug> beet4 ,almo/ all granulat$ sug> w te/ #ii4h sucrose1 :i* is slightly above ! m9imum e/abli%$ by ! gov]nm5t4 ,?is leaves a negligible quantity ( impurities1 :i* 9 ! case ( beet sug> are d]iv$ f ! beet1 & 9 cane sug> f ! cane4 ,if !re is any diff]5ce betwe5 ! two sug>s x lies 9 ?is v m9ute quantity ( impurities & su* a diff]5ce c surely n be object$ to4 ,granulat$ sug>1 :e!r cane or beet1 is ! pure/ food article 9 comm]ce4 ,cl>ifi$ cane sug> is n q z pure z granulat$1 b :5 us$ 9 catsup w make equally z good a product z granulat$ w2 h[ev]1 z ! p]c5tage ( sucrose is n s high1 a little m ( x has to be us$4 ,a consid]able sav+ c (t5 be made by buy+ cl>ifi$ in/ead ( granulat$ sug>1 b ! pur*ase %\ld be made on pol>iscope te/1 s ! buy] kn[s exactly :at he is gett+4 ,raw sug>s are slightly less pure ?an cl>ifi$1 al?\gh !re is v little diff]5ce betwe5 ! be/ grades ( raw sug> & cl>ifi$4 ,good c5trifugal raw sug> w conta9 ab\t #if4e ( sucrose4 ,! l[] grades ( raw sug>s %\ld n be us$1 z !y are d>k & w d>k5 ! catsup to "s ext5t1 b !re is sc>cely any color to ! bett] grades1 & !y give good results4 ,! use ( raw sug>s (t5 p]mits q a sav+ on ! sug> bill4 ,!y %\ld be b\ght on pol>iscope te/1 & :5 receiv$ %\ld be te/$ aga9/ ! sample on :i* !y 7 b\ght4 ,sug> ,syrups 8,cane sug> syrups0 h = sev]al ye>s be5 (f]$ to cann]s & pres]v]s1 & !y are adv]tis$ to be equal p\nd = p\nd to granulat$ sug> & to be consid]ably *eap]4 ,! samples ( ^! heavy1 colorless syrups t ,i h te/$ h conta9$ a consid]able p]c5tage ( inv]t sug>1 & also moi/ure4 ,! moi/ure is1 ( c\rse1 wor?less1 & z ! inv]t sug> is less sweet ?an sucrose x is ridicul\s to claim t su* a product is equal 9 sweetness to granulat$ sug>4 ,^! syrups are said to be us$ by "s catsup mak]s1 h[ev] ! sav+ t is effect$ by _! use is probably imag9>y4 ,! sug> c be add$ at any "t aft] all ! tomato juice = ! bat* is boil+ 9 ! kettle4 ,"s pref] to add x at ! end ( ! bat* s z to run less dang] ( scor*+2 h[ev]1 if ! coils are clean1 & !re is a good head ( /eam1 & ! taps are work+ "r1 !re ne$ be no fe> ( burn+1 ev5 if ! sug> is add$ tw5ty m9utes be=e ! bat* is done4 ,! sug> %\ld be put 9 small pails or boxes1 s t x c be scatt]$ easily ov] ! surface ( ! boil+ pulp4 ,if x is put 9 heavy conta9]s x is apt to be dump$ 9 "o spot1 & may n all dissolve1 z mu* ( x may fall 9 a lump bel[ ! coil :]e ! circulation is n good4 ,if ! coils or traps are n work+ prop]ly1 or ! tomatoes are a little gre51 & ! cook is hav+ tr\ble ) ! catsup burn+ on ! coils badly1 x is advisable to n add ! sug> until a few m9utes be=e ! bat* is done4 ,if #aj gallons ( #ajj gra9 v9eg> are us$ to a #ajj-;gallon bat*1 ab\t #aje p\nds ( granulat$ sug> w be requir$4 ,use ( ,sug> 9 ,l>ge ,quantities ,x %\ld n be ?\ght t extra sug> is go+ to increase ! volume ( catsup 9 proportion to ! volume ( extra sug> add$4 ,i am rem9d$ 9 ?is connection ( a conv]sation ,i _h ) a l>ge catsup pack]1 9 :i* we 7 discuss+ ! l>ge am\nt ( sug> & v9eg> requir$ to insure ! keep+ quality ( non-pres]vative catsup1 z comp>$ ) ! am\nts usually us$ 9 b5zoate goods4 ,?is pack] made non-pres]vative goods altoge!r1 & he surpris$ me by rem>k+3 8,:at if we d h to use a hundr$ p\nds or s m sug> to ! bat*2 we buy ! sug> at #h;c a p\nd1 & sell x = ab\t #aa;c a p\nd 9 catsup4 ,:]e d we lose any?+80 ,i 0 surpris$ at ! rem>k because ,i ?\ght he %\ld "k bett] ?an t4 ,if catsup 0 b\ght & sold by weight t argum5t might hold good4 ,h[ev]1 reg>dless ( ! fact t ! net weight 9 p\nds & ounces avoirdupois is always /at$ on ! label1 ! public buys catsup by volume4 ,y\r p9t bottle may hold #ag oz4 avoirdupois1 or x may hold #ah oz2 h[ev]1 9 ! eyes ( ! consum] x is a p9t1 & x w n br+ m money because its net weight is slightly great] ?an t 9 ! p9t size ( "s o!r br&4 ,x is ! same way ) ! #aj oz4 & #aa oz4 sizes4 ,! public buys by volume4 ,:5 we quote prices on ! l>g] sizes1 x is s _m doz5 ,no4 #aj at s mu* p] doz51 or s _m doz5 gallon j>s at s mu* p] gallon4 ,:o c>es :at ! net weight is 9 ! ,no4 #aj c1 or ! gallon j>1 z long z ! conta9] is full--or z full z x %\ld be8 ,!re=e1 ! subject ( ga9 or loss caus$ by ! addition ( extra sug> resolves itself into ! "q ( ! additional volume produc$4 ,if ,i add a hundr$ p\nds m ( sug> p] bat*1 h[ mu* w my volume be increas$8 ,t is ! "q4 ,x is "o :i* ,i _c answ] def9itely1 & ,i h nev] se5 any figures on x1 b ,i c say ?is mu*--t e p\nd ( sug> add$ to catsup 9 excess ( ! m9imum am\nt requir$ is a v great loss to ! pack]4 ,a #e-;gal4 pail ( granulat$ sug> w n add any:]e ne> five gallons to ! catsup4 ,"o gallon w come ne>] to x4 ,! reason = ?is is t ! sug> dissolves 9 ! tomato juice1 & al?\gh x increases ! specific gravity ( t juice1 x adds v little to its volume4 ,z to ! extra v9eg> :i* mu/ be add$ to c\nt]act ! sweetness ( ?is extra sug>1 ?is is an absolute loss z f> z volume is conc]n$4 ,! catsup mu/ be r$uc$ to a def9ite ?ickness1 no matt] h[ mu* v9eg> is us$1 & if m v9eg> is us$1 m wat] mu/ be boil$ out to all[ = ! ?9n+ d[n caus$ by ?is additional v9eg>4 ,salt ,an air dri$ salt ( a fair degree ( purity 7ab\t #ih p] c5t on a moi/ure-free basis7 is p]fectly satisfactory = catsup4 ,! pur] salts are (t5 desirable 9 ! cann+ ( vegetables :]e lime & magnesia are apt to h a t\gh5+ or h>d5+ effect1 b 9 catsup a v small quantity ( lime & magnesia salts h no ill effect4 ,salt %\ld be add$ a few m9utes be=e ! v9eg> is put 94 ,x is desirable to add ! salt t[>d ! end ( ! cook+1 z x acts to "s ext5t on ! copp] ( ! coil or kettle4 ,great c>e %\ld be us$ 9 s add+ ! salt t x w all dissolve4 ,i h (t5 se5 a l>ge mass ( undissolv$ salt 9 ! bottom ( a cook+ tank aft] a bat* ( catsup 0 let d[n1 ev5 :5 ! salt _h be5 ?r[n 9 a half h\r be=e ! cook+ 0 complet$4 ,! reason = ?is 0 t ! salt 0 ?r[n 9 )\t scatt]+ x1 & x fell quickly to ! bottom ( ! tank 9 "o mass4 ,ow+ to ! fact t ! circulation bel[ ! coil 0 poor1 & t salt does n dissolve readily 9 boil+ wat] or boil+ tomato juice1 a l>ge proportion ( x rema9$ undissolv$4 ,salt is less soluble 9 hot wat] ?an 9 cold wat]4 ,x %\ld be plac$ 9 small conta9]s1 su* z small pails or boxes1 s t x w be light 9 weight & c easily be scatt]$ ov] ! surface ( ! boil+ pulp4 ,if ?is is done1 & done sl[ly1 !re is no ne$ ( agitat+ devices to dissolve ! salt4 ,agitators are also unnecess>y to dissolve ! sug> if x is add$ 9 ?is way1 al?\gh sug> dissolves m readily ?an salt4 ,?irty p\nds ( salt is ab\t ! "r am\nt = a #ajj-;gallon bat*4 ,v9eg> ,! k9d ( v9eg> usually us$ 9 catsup is ! /rong di/ill$ v9eg>--ab\t #ajj gra91 :i* conta9s #aj p] c5t ( acetic acid4 ,! /rong] ! v9eg>1 ! bett]1 z ! weak] v9eg>s require too mu* volume to be h&l$1 & dilute ! catsup too mu* :5 !y are add$4 ,mo/ manufactur]s buy _! v9eg> 9 b>rels4 ,h[ev]1 "s ( ! l>g] ones h x %ipp$ 9 tank c>s f :i* x is pump$ at ! factory into a l>ge /orage tank1 & siphon$ (f z ne$$4 ,?is is ! bett] way :5 x is us$ 9 l>ge en\gh quantities to w>rant buy+ x 9 ?is mann]4 ,b>rel$ v9eg> (t5 conta9s v f9ely divid$ *>coal1 :i* is sometimes h>d to /ra9 out2 ! b>rels are (t5 full ( nails f :i* ! v9eg> dissolves iron1 & ?is iron1 9 comb9ation ) ! tannic acid ( spices1 produces a *emical comp\nd 7iron tannate7 :i* is z black z ink2 & sometimes ! b>rels conta9 "s =eign liquid1 :i* 0 left 9 !m :5 !y 7 fill$ ) v9eg>4 ,! use ( b>rels also requires a lot ( h&l+1 & ! wa/e by evaporation ?r\gh ! wood is consid]able :5 ! v9eg> is held ov] a long "t4 ,"o might imag9e t ! evaporation f a l>ge /orage tank w\ld be great] ?an f b>rels4 ,h[ev]1 su* is n ! case1 z !re is mu* m surface p] gallon = evaporation 9 ! b>rel ?an 9 ! l>ge tank4 ,v9eg> %ipp$ 9 tank c>s is free f contam9ation & is easily & economically h&l$4 ,b>rel$ v9eg> %\ld always be /ra9$ ?r\gh f9e *eeseclo?4 ,transf]5ce ( ,v9eg> ,! use ( /eam pumps & ejectors1 9 fact any k9d ( /eam appliance = hoi/+ v9eg>1 %\ld n be us$1 z ! /eam passes into ! v9eg>1 dissolves 9 x1 & dilutes x4 ,if y pump #ajj-;gra9 v9eg> into a /orage tank ) a /eam pump y may f9d t y h #ij-;gra9 :5 y get x up !re4 ,if x is necess>y to pump ! v9eg>1 & x usually is1 a small electric pump %\ld be us$4 ,ei!r enamel l9$ or wood5 pipe %\ld be us$ = v9eg>4 ,all iron pipe & fitt+s %\ld be elim9at$4 ,add+ ! ,v9eg> ,v9eg> %\ld be add$ ab\t ?ree m9utes be=e ! bat* is done4 ,to d ?is x is usually necess>y to cook ! catsup j a %ade heavi] be=e ! v9eg> is add$ ?an x w be :5 x is done4 ,if a hydromet] is us$1 ab\t two degrees is en\gh4 ,five m9utes %\ld be ! outside limit = cook+ ! v9eg>4 ,v9eg> is a volatile liquid & vaporizes rapidly4 ,x %\ld !re=e only be cook$ long en\gh to insure its be+ ?or\ghly incorporat$ 9 ! catsup1 & ?ree m9utes boil+ is ample = ?is purpose4 ,= a #ajj-;gallon bat*1 #aj gallons ( #ajj gra9 v9eg> is ab\t ! "r am\nt1 & :5 prop]ly add$ w give an av]age total acidity ( ab\t #a4be p] c5t calculat$ z acetic acid4 ,acidity ,x %\ld be und]/ood t ?is total acidity w by no means be con/ant1 z !re is su* a great v>iation 9 ! natural acidity ( tomatoes4 ,tomato pulp made f tomatoes all gr[n 9 ! same locality1 & cond5s$ to a specific gravity ( #a4jce1 w run z l[ z #j4dj p] c5t 9 natural acidity1 & z high z #j4gj p] c5t4 ,?is w cause ! total acidity ( ! catsup to v>y accord+ly4 ,:5 9 d\bt z to :e!r y are gett+ ! prop] acidity1 s5d samples to a *emi/ & h ! acetic acidity det]m9$4 ,?is is ! acidity ( ! v9eg> alone4 ,x %\ld n run bel[ #j4fj p] c5t4 ,?is figure %\ld be tak5 z ! absolute m9imum = acetic acidity4 ,te/+ ! ,f9i%+ ,po9t ,= te/+ ! f9i%+ po9t ( catsup ,i recomm5d ei!r te/+ by ! eye or ! hydromet] me?od z describ$ "u ! te/+ ( pulp4 ,! eye _c (t5 be reli$ ^u1 al?\gh "s exp]i5c$ cooks are v good at judg+ by ! eye1 & !y d n ne$ a me*anical device ( any k9d4 ,! specific gravity det]m9ation by weight1 & cook+ to a c]ta9 gauge1 or = a c]ta9 l5g? ( "t1 w n d at all = catsup4 ,i h us$ ! hydromet] me?od on catsup = a numb] ( ye>s1 & x is entirely satisfactory4 ,a little exp]im5t+ w indicate ! numb] ( degrees on ! hydromet]1 :5 imm]s$ 9 ! hot catsup1 at :i* ! catsup is heavy en\gh s t x w be ( ! "r ?ickness :5 cold4 ,aft] ?is po9t has be5 det]m9$ e bat* %\ld be almo/ exactly alike if x is cook$ to ?is po9t4 ,hold+ ,bat*es ,catsup %\ld n be held 9 ! cook+ kettle v long1 z ! sug> is apt to c>amelize :]e ! catsup is 9 contact ) ! hot surface ( ! kettle or coil4 ,also1 ! air d>k5s x some:at4 ,( c\rse1 if ! jacket or coil is completely exhau/$1 & ! valves are absolutely tight1 !re %\ld n be ?is burn+ or c>amelization :ile hold+ a bat*4 ,h[ev]1 !re is (t5 a v slight leak 9 ! valve1 & ! coil or jacket is ?us kept hot con/antly4 ,! quick] ! cook$ bat* is let out ( ! kettle1 ! bett]4 ,mak+ ,catsup ,f ,pulp ,_m catsup mak]s make _! catsup f pulp altoge!r4 ,!y feel t dur+ ! season !y h _! h&s full pack+ pulp1 & !y c "w ?is pulp up into catsup dur+ ! w9t] mon?s :5 !re w\ld o!rwise be little or no?+ to d4 ,:5 pulp is us$1 ab\t #bi #e-;gal4 cans ( specific gravity #a4jce is suffici5t = a bat* ( catsup ( #ajj gallons4 ,d n add wat] to ! pulp1 ev5 if x is a little heavy4 ,! only dang] f n gett+ a v long cook is t !re w n be a v complete extraction ( ! spices1 :5 :ole spices are us$ 9 a sack4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ea* spice bag is cook$ 9 two bat*es1 ?is dang] is greatly m9imiz$4 ,! "q n[ arises--if ,i am mak+ catsup f pulp :i* has be5 put ?r\gh a catsup f9i%] ,i am work+ ) mat]ial :i* is scre5$ f9e1 :]eas my hydromet] te/ is bas$ on tomato juice f my cyclone1 :i* is co>s] ?an ?is1 & ?is f9ely scre5$ /uff w give me a diff]5t hydromet] read+4 ,if y cook y\r catsup to1 say1 #cb degrees1 :5 mak+ x direct f cyclon$ tomato juice1 y w probably f9d t #bh degrees is en\gh :5 mak+ x f pulp :i* has be5 put ?r\gh a catsup f9i%]4 ,! f9i%] makes ?is mu* diff]5ce4 ,use ( ,b5zoate ( ,soda ,! use ( b5zoate ( soda 9 catsup p]mits ( ! use ( a mu* small] quantity ( v9eg> & sug> ?an is us$ 9 non-pres]vative goods4 ,ab\t #c gallons ( #ajj gra9 v9eg> to a #ajj-;gallon bat* is all t is usually us$1 & ?is only makes x necess>y to use ab\t #ej lbs4 ( sug>4 ,! b5zoate ( soda is add$ j ab\t a m9ute be=e ! bat* is done4 ,x %\ld be rememb]$ t if ? ( #a ( b5zoate ( soda is be+ us$1 ?is p]c5tage is by weight1 & t a gallon ( cold catsup weighs #i or #i lbs41 dep5d+ ^u ! am\nt ( sug> t is us$4 ,,*apt] ,x ,,f9i%+1 ,,bottl+1 ,,/]iliz+1 ,,& ,,/or+ ,,! ,,catsup ,! ,receiv+ ,tank & ,f9i%] ,f ! cook+ kettles ! catsup is usually run ?r\gh ! f9i%]1 & !n conduct$ to a receiv+ tank1 ei!r by gravity or by pump+4 ,if a pump is us$1 c>e %\ld be tak5 t ! pump p>ts :i* come 9 contact ) ! catsup are ( bronze4 ,ne$less to say1 enamel l9$ pipe %\ld be us$4 ,! receiv+ tank %\ld be ei!r ( wood1 or enamel1 or glass-l9$ /eel4 ,reg>d+ ! f9i%+ ( ! catsup1 ! action on ! metal scre5 is m sev]e ?an 9 pulp1 & x is be/ to use a monel metal scre54 ,x w usually be notic$ t ! fro?y catsup :i* collects at ! l>ge end ( ! cone ( ! scre5 black5s quickly4 ,?is is probably due to ! air1 & ?is catsup %\ld be scrap$ (f into a pail z x collects1 & mix$ back 9 ! cook+ kettle1 j giv+ x a m9ute cook4 ,x is also v important to see t ! scre5 fits absolutely tight1 & to frequ5tly inspect x = small cuts :i* are (t5 made by pieces ( t9 or glass accid5tally gett+ into ! catsup4 ,fill+ & ,seal+ ,if ! catsup is to be /]iliz$ aft] bottl+ x is usually j run ?r\gh an ord9>y enamel l9$ pipe f ! receiv+ tank to ! fill+ ma*9e1 b if x is n to be giv5 an aft]-/]ilization a /eam-jacket$ pipe %\ld be us$ "h4 ,?is w be discuss$ fur!r lat] 9 ! *apt]4 ,rot>y fill]s are be+ us$ q commonly = catsup n[1 & !y d ! "w rapidly1 ) little wa/e1 & ) a small labor outlay p] gross = bottl+4 ,! m simple types ( fill]s1 op]at$ ei!r ) a foot or h& lev]1 are less exp5sive1 & also d ! "w q well1 al?\gh n z rapidly z ! rot>y fill]s4 ,! empty bottles %\ld be wa%$ 9 hot wat] on a rot>y bottle wa%+ ma*9e1 & fill$ directly aft] wa%+ if an aft]-/]ilization is to be us$4 ,if ! catsup is n to be process$ aft] bottl+1 ! empty bottles %\ld be giv5 a hot air /]ilization aft] !y are wa%$1 & ! bottles conduct$ to ! fill+ ma*9e f ! /]iliz]4 ,if an automatic rot>y fill] is us$1 ! bottle capp+ ma*9e is usually regulat$ to op]ate at ! same spe$ z ! fill]1 & ! :ole l9e becomes automatic4 ,! type ( closure mo/ commonly us$ n[ is ! cr[n /yle1 ei!r pla9 or ( ! self-op5+ type4 ,! cork is gett+ to be a ?+ ( ! pa/ = catsup4 ,^! closures come ei!r ) a composition cork ins]t or ) a solid cork ins]t1 ! =m] be+ a little *eap]1 & = catsup x is j z good4 ,= *ili sauce1 or any bottle hav+ a wide m\?1 ,i d n l ! composition cork ins]t1 z ! vacuum produc$ 9 a wide-m\!d bottle on cool+ is too great a /ra9 on ! composition1 & is apt to cause x to crack4 ,= n>r[-m\!d bottles su* z catsup1 ! composition cork is all "r4 ,wa%+ ! ,fill$ ,bottles ,:e!r or n an aft]-/]ilization is us$1 ! fill$ bottles %\ld be run ?r\gh a w>m wat] ba? imm$iately aft] seal+ to wa% (f any catsup :i* adh]es to ! outside ( ! bottle be=e x has a *ance to bake on4 ,if ?is wat] ba? has a c\ple ( jets ( compress$ air ent]+ x to keep ! wat] vigor\sly agitat$1 ! bottles w come out nice & clean4 ,( c\rse1 a cont9u\s fl[ ( clean wat] mu/ be all[$ to pass into ! ba?1 ) an ov]fl[ at ! opposite end4 ,if bottles ( catsup are put into process+ tanks ) catsup adh]+ to ! outside ( ! bottle1 ! soluble "p ( ! catsup w be dissolv$ 9 ! process wat] b !re w be flakes ( insoluble tomato fib] float+ 9 ! process wat] ev]y:]e1 & ^! w bake on ! bottles s h>d t x is v h>d to remove4 ,aft] a few days ?is condition 9 ! process tanks becomes v bad1 & ! bottles become increas+ly h>d to clean4 ,if ! bottles are clean :5 !y are put into ! tanks1 & ! tanks are clean1 !y w come out ( ! tanks clean & ready to be label$4 ,process+ ,! process me?od is probably us$ by ! majority ( catsup pack]s1 fir/1 because !y feel t an aft]-/]ilization is an insurance :i* is well wor? pay+ =1 & !y c h m peace ( m9d kn[+ t !y h process$ _! goods2 second1 because by process+ c>efully & intellig5tly ! color & flavor ( _! goods w be sc>cely effect$1 except :5 made f pulp :i* is a little ov]cook$2 ?ird1 because !y don't "k mu* ab\t pack+ catsup s t x w keep )\t process+1 & !y don't c>e to exp]im5t1 z !y feel t 9 ! end ! exp]im5t+ may prove disa/r\s to _! bus9ess4 ,9 ?is attitude no "o c blame !m4 ,!re is no?+ m try+ on a manufactur] ?an hav+ compla9ts on f]m5tation com+ 9 f e corn] ( ! c\ntry4 ,! natural incl9ation is to let well en\gh alone1 & take no *ances4 ,at ! same "t x mu/ be admitt$ t ?\s&s ( cases ( catsup are be+ manufactur$ e day )\t process+1 & x is giv+ little or no tr\ble4 ,^? :o use ?is sy/em say x is a wa/e ( "t & money to process1 & t ye>s ( exp]i5ce h %[n t process+ is unnecess>y4 ,advantages ( ,omitt+ ,process+ ,!re are c]ta9 advantages 9 n process+4 ,9 ! fir/ place a bett] color$ & flavor$ product is (t5 obta9$1 p>ticul>ly if ! catsup is made f pulp1 & especially is ?is true if ! pulp is a little ov]cook$1 & consequ5tly a little d>k 9 color4 ,!n !re is ! advantage ( ! sav+ on labor & on /eam1 :i* is a l>ge item4 ,runn+ a half doz5 or m process tanks con/antly draws heavily on ! /eam supply1 & ! process+ means m h&l+ ( ! bottl$ product1 & !re=e m labor4 ,x also means m equipm5t1 ) ! floor space :i* ?is equipm5t takes--n only a lot ( tanks1 9 case /ation>y tanks are us$1 b iron baskets to hold ! bottles1 electric or /eam hoi/1 & trolley track4 ,n only ! orig9al co/ b ! ma9t5ance ( ?is equipm5t is consid]able4 ,!n !re is a c]ta9 am\nt ( breakage dur+ process+4 ,also1 /eam mu/ be kept up late at night = no o!r purpose ?an process+4 ,:5 no aft]-/]ilization is us$ all ( ?is is done away )1 & ! only equipm5t ne$$ to supplant ! above is a /eam-jacket$ pipe to conduct ! catsup to ! fill+ ma*9e1 & a cont9u\s hot air /]iliz] = ! bottles1 :i* usually consi/s ( a v]tical %aft1 & takes up practically no floor space4 ,process ,me?od ,i w discuss 9 detail ! process me?od fir/4 ,! catsup %\ld be fill$ z hot z possible1 & x is a good idea to use a /eam-jacket$ pipe 9 ?is case1 z well z 9 ! non-process me?od1 because ! hott] ! catsup is :5 bottl$1 ! quick] ! c5t] ( ! bottle w be rais$ to ! desir$ temp]ature1 & ! quick] ! /]ilization c be accompli%$4 ,! catsup %\ld be #ahj degrees or above :5 x ent]s ! tank ( ! fill+ ma*9e1 & x %\ld be plac$ 9 ! process tanks z soon aft] seal+ z possible4 ,! process tanks may be l>ge /ation>y iron tanks1 or a cont9u\s pa/euriz] su* z is us$ 9 be] bottl+ plants may be us$4 ,! latt] is ! bett] way1 z x is compact1 automatic1 takes up v little floor space1 & !re is no dang] ( ov]-/]ilization1 or ( scor*+ by leav+ ! bottles 9 ! tanks aft] ! wat] is drawn (f1 :]e ! air _c get at !m to cool !m (f4 ,! reason cont9u\s pa/euriz]s are n us$ m commonly is _! exp5se1 al?\gh !y %\ld pay = !mselves 9 a few ye>s by ! labor & /eam !y save1 x be+ only necess>y to keep "o l>ge tank 9 op]ation in/ead ( a half doz5 or m4 ,if /ation>y tanks are us$1 :i* is usually ! case1 ! catsup %\ld be tak5 out ( !m z soon z ! wat] is drawn (f1 s t ! air c get at ! bottles & cool !m (f4 ,to leave ! hot1 bottl$ catsup 9 ! tanks ov] night is almo/ z bad z pil+ a lot ( hot pulp close toge!r1 ! only diff]5ce be+ t !re is a little m room = air circulation betwe5 ! catsup bottles1 b n mu*4 ,"t & ,temp]ature ,!re is a great diff]5ce betwe5 ! "t & temp]ature employ$ = process+ 9 diff]5t factories4 ,"s pack]s process z l[ z #agj degrees ,f41 x is said1 :ile o!rs use a temp]ature v close to ! boil+ po9t4 ,9 "s plants p9t bottles receive only a #cj-m9ute process1 :ile 9 o!rs !y get ov] an h\r4 ,! prop] "t to use dep5ds ^u ! temp]ature t c be ma9ta9$ at ! fill+ ma*9e1 & ! rapidity ) :i* ! process+ c be done aft] ! fill+4 ,if ! pack] c hold 8 catsup ar\nd #ahj degrees at ! fill]1 & is s equipp$1 ei!r ) cont9u\s pa/euriz]s or /ation>y tanks1 t he c process imm$iately1 an h\r is ample "t = p9ts1 & #de m9utes is suffici5t = half-p9ts2 o!r sizes accord+ly4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! temp]ature ( ! catsup at ! fill] (t5 falls to #agj degrees or bel[1 & ! catsup is fill$ fa/] ?an x c be process$1 s t at times mu* ( x mu/ /& = an h\r be=e x c get 9 ! process tanks1 #ae m9utes additional = ea* size bottle _h bett] be add$ to ! above4 ,?is may seem to "s pack]s l a long "t4 ,all "o has to d to conv9ce himself t x is n too long is to take "o ( ^? !rmomet]s :i* are made especially = det]m9+ temp]atures at ! c5t] ( ! bottle1 & put x 9 a bottle ( catsup :ile x is be+ process$1 wat* ! m]cury rise1 & note ! "t x takes to br+ ! c5t] ( ! bottle to ! temp]ature ( ! wat] surr\nd+ x4 ,y w f9d t if ! wat] surr\nd+ a p9t bottle is #bjj degrees1 & ! temp]ature at ! c5t] ( ! bottle is #afj degrees1 x w take j ab\t an h\r to br+ ! catsup at ! c5t] ( ! bottle up to #bjj degrees4 ,z to ! prop] temp]ature1 ,i d n see :y z high a temp]ature z is possible )\t break+ ! bottles %\ld n be us$4 ,:y "s pack]s process at #agj degrees or #ahj degrees ,i d n "k4 ,!y c]ta9ly h n c>efully inve/igat$ ! effect ( _! process+4 ,! temp]ature ,i pref] is six degrees bel[ boil+4 ,at sea level ?is w\ld be #bjf degrees4 ,?is temp]ature w n break ! bottles1 b ! /eam pipes ent]+ ! tank %\ld be s arrang$ & p]=at$ t !re w be z ev5 a di/ribution ( /eam z possible4 ,if ^! pipes are n prop]ly arrang$1 !re is apt to be z mu* z #f degrees v>iation 9 ! temp]ature at diff]5t p>ts ( ! tank4 ,sev]al ye>s ago ,i made a l>ge numb] ( te/s to det]m9e ! numb] ( micro-organisms t rema9$ alive 9 bottl$ catsup aft] process+ at #bjf degrees ,f41 z comp>$ ) ! numb] :i* rema9$ alive 9 catsup bottl$ f ! same bat* & process$ at #bjj degrees ,f4 = ! same l5g? ( "t4 ,! diff]5ce 0 surpris+4 ,i expect$ "s diff]5ce1 b n ne>ly z great z 0 %[n by ! te/s4 ,t :i* 0 process$ at #bjj degrees = an h\r conta9$ q a few liv+ molds1 yea/s1 & bact]ia p] cubic c5timet]4 ,?is 0 %[n by plat+ out samples bact]iologically on culture m$ia--! m$ia us$ be+ dextrose ag> & w>t ag>4 ,! catsup f ! same bat* process$ "o h\r at #bjf degrees conta9$ sc>cely any liv+ micro-organisms at all p] cubic c5timet]4 ,?is te/ 0 repeat$ a numb] ( times ) ! same result ea* "t4 ,^! micro-organisms may h be5 9 ! =m ( spores 9 ! catsup1 b develop$ into ! vegetative =ms ( molds1 yea/s1 & bact]ia :5 plac$ 9 ! culture m$ia4 ,temp]ature ,controll+ & ,record+ ,devices ,! process tanks %\ld all be equipp$ ) temp]ature controll]s & record+ !rmomet]s4 ,! controll] holds ! /eam at ! "r po9t1 n all[+ ! temp]ature to v>y m ?an #b degrees1 if x is a good make4 ,sev]al ye>s ago x 0 impossible to f9d a temp]ature controll] :i* op]at$ )\t compress$ air t w\ld hold ! temp]ature clos] ?an a v>iation ( #aj degrees1 :i* is too wide a v>iation = catsup pa/eurization4 ,! compress$ air controll]s work$ v well b requir$ an air compressor :]e ! pressure mu/ be held )9 c]ta9 limits1 & air pipes to connect ) all ! controll]s4 ,"s plants did n h ! air equipm5t1 & 9 cases :]e x 0 put 9 ! pipes gave m or less tr\ble due to ! collection ( moi/ure 9 !m & to occasional gra9s ( du/ or ru/ f ! air tank :i* lodg$ 9 ! controll] & ?rew x (f4 ,x is n[ possible1 h[ev]1 to obta9 controll]s :i* w op]ate ) almo/ no v>iation f ! temp]ature desir$1 & :i* require no compress$ air = _! prop] function+4 ,"u ^! conditions !re is h>dly an excuse = a manufactur] to op]ate 8 plant on ! old sy/em ( h& control ( ! /eam valves1 ) ! result+ losses 9 manufactur$ goods due to pure reliance on human effici5cy4 ,! record+ !rmomet] makes a p5 & ink record on a *>t %[+ ! temp]ature & l5g? ( "t ea* tank ( catsup is giv51 or1 if a cont9u\s pa/euriz] is us$1 x %[s up any v>iations 9 ! temp]ature ( ! wat] 9 t pa/euriz] dur+ ! day4 ,! factory manag] c look at all ( ^! *>ts 9 ! morn+1 & "k positively t e bottle ( catsup 0 process$ ! "r l5g? ( "t1 & at ! "r temp]ature4 ,if any mi/akes 7 made ! *>t w %[ x1 & x w %[ at j :at "t ! mi/ake 0 made1 & h[ s]i\s x 04 ,x is a great satisfaction to h su* a record1 & ! processor inv>iably takes great pride 9 mak+ a p]fect *>t4 ,non-,process ,me?od ,:5 no aft]-/]ilization is giv51 x is imp]ative t ! catsup be v hot :5 fill$4 ,boil+ catsup runs ab\t #bad degrees ,f4 9 temp]ature1 & al?\gh runn+ x ?r\gh ! f9i%] & receiv+ tank cools x d[n some:at1 if x is heat$ 9 a long jacket$ pipe :ile be+ convey$ f receiv+ tank to fill+ ma*9e x %\ld n be bel[ #ahj degrees at ! v l[e/ :5 fill$1 & if x c be fill$ hott] ?an t1 s mu* ! bett]4 ,z to ! pipe above m5tion$1 ! small] ! pipe1 & ! l>g] ! /eam jacket1 & ! high] ! /eam pressure1 ! great] w be ! heat+ capacity ( ?is jacket on ! catsup4 ,aft] a little exp]im5t+ ^! po9ts c be adju/$ to give ! prop] result4 ,if ! jacket$ area is %ort1 ( c\rse a high] /eam pressure mu/ be us$ ?an if ?is area is long4 ,"s pack]s ( non-process$ catsup use a jacket$ tank or kettle directly ov] ! fill+ ma*9e to hold ! catsup at a high temp]ature :ile x is await+ bottl+1 ) a v %ort l9e ( enamel pipe go+ f x to ! fill+ ma*9e4 ,if ?is is us$1 a jacket$ pipe is n ne$$4 ,guesswork %\ld be elim9at$4 ,d n assume t y are gett+ ! "r temp]ature on y\r catsup :5 x is fill$1 & d n be satisfi$ ) go+ up to ! fill] once or twice a day1 dropp+ a !rmomet] 9 ! liquid1 & wait+ = ! temp]ature to record itself4 ,put a record+ !rmomet] 9 t tank j ov] ! fill+ tubes1 ) ! dial 9 a prom95t place1 s t y c /ep up to x at any "t & "k :at ! exact temp]ature ( t catsup has be5 e m9ute ( ! "t = ! pa/ t5 or twelve h\rs4 ,if ?is is done !re is no *ance ( escape on ! "p ( ! man :o is suppos$ to wat* ?is temp]ature1 & if he kn[s 8 "w is be+ record$ e m9ute on a *>t he is go+ to be mighty c>eful4 ,! empty bottles1 :5 plac$ 9 ! fill+ ma*9e1 %\ld be clean & practically /]ile4 ,aft] !y h pass$ ar\nd ! rot>y bottle wa%]1 & _h a ?or\gh wa%+ ) hot wat]1 !y are plac$ 9 ! hot air /]iliz] neck d[n1 s !y c dra94 ,! be/ k9d ( /]iliz] is an endless *a9 c>ry+ trays to hold ab\t a doz5 bottles ea*1 & enclos$ & protect$ by ei!r wood or metal4 ,! /]iliz] %\ld be v]tical1 s t x w n occupy mu* floor space1 & inside ( ! wood or metal cov]+ are /eam pipes fitt$ ) a temp]ature controll] or !rmo/at s t a temp]ature ( ab\t #bej degrees ,f4 c be ma9ta9$4 ,! spe$ ( ! endless *a9 is s regulat$ t x takes ab\t #cj m9utes f ! "t ! bottles ent] ! /]iliz] until !y come out4 ,ne$less to say1 ! fill+ ma*9e %\ld be kept scrupul\sly clean1 & be=e be+ us$ 9 ! morn+1 or = ! aft]noon run1 %\ld be ?or\ghly /eam$ out s t x w be hot & practically /]ile to receive ! fir/ bat* ( catsup4 ,z to ! bottle closures1 if !y are kept 9 cov]$ b>rels 9 a clean place & n all[$ to be contam9at$ by du/1 etc41 x is n consid]$ necess>y to /]ilize !m1 al?\gh !y c\ld no d\bt be giv5 a hot air /]ilization v easily if x 0 ?\ght necess>y4 ,i h se5 ?\s&s ( cases pack$ )\t /]iliz+ ! closures1 & ! catsup nev] gave any tr\ble4 ,aft] apply+ ! closure ! bottles are r9s$ (f 9 a w>m wat] ba?1 & are !n ready to be label$ & cas$4 ,:i* ,me?od ,is ! ,bett]8 ,n[ comes ! "q :i* is ( vital importance to e pack]--:at am ,i go+ to d--give my catsup an aft]-/]ilization or n8 ,i believe ! answ] to t "q %\ld dep5d ^u ! conditions "u :i* ! pack] op]ates4 ,i d n believe ei!r me?od is to be recomm5d$ univ]sally1 b t !re are _m cases :]e x is bett] n to process1 & o!r cases :]e process+ is advisable4 ,if a manufactur] makes 8 product at a l>ge c5tral plant1 :]e he c c\nt on reliable & fairly intellig5t help at all times1 & :]e he is s equipp$ t he is n bo!r$ ) frequ5t breakd[ns & delays dur+ ! day's run1 he %\ld give ! non-process+ me?od 8 c>eful consid]ation1 & ,i believe he w pr(it by adopt+ x4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 he has _m plants scatt]$ all ov] ! c\ntry1 _m ( !m dep5d5t to a l>ge ext5t on an indiff]5t class ( help1 ) little exp]i5ce or intellig5ce1 or he has a lot ( worn\t equipm5t1 & has sev]al breakd[ns almo/ e day 9 ! bottl+ dep>tm5t1 he _h bett] insure 8 product by process+4 ,if ,i 7 build+ a new plant or remodel+ an old "o1 ,i w\ld mo/ c]ta9ly arrange to elim9ate process+ if ,i c\ld c\nt on a fairly good class ( help4 ,label+ & ,cas+ ,mo/ bottles are label$ by ma*9e4 ,! ma*9es d ! "w mu* fa/] ?an c be done by h&1 & also d x neat] z a rule4 ,h[ev]1 9 mo/ cases x is necess>y to h someone to adju/ ! neck b& aft] ! bottle leaves ! ma*9e4 ,sometimes !y are wrapp$1 & sometimes n4 ,wrapp+ 9 transp>5t tissue makes a v attractive package1 & x w modify ! effect ( /rong light1 :i* "s manufactur]s ?9k has a discolor+ t5d5cy if ! catsup is expos$ to x a long "t4 ,bo? wood & fib] cases are us$ = catsup1 & ! fib] cases seem to d all "r :]e ! cont5ts d n weigh ov] ab\t #dj lbs4 ,if !y weigh m ?an t x is usually consid]$ advisable to use wood cases4 ,/ack+ ,catsup to ,avoid 8,black ,neck0 ,9 ,,*apt] ,,viii m5tion 0 made ( ! d>k5+ 9 ! neck ( ! bottle1 call$ 8black neck40 ,x 0 /at$ t ?is 0 usually due to ! fact t ! closure is n absolutely air tight1 & all[s ! air to v sl[ly filt] into ! space 9 ! neck1 :i* %\ld be a vacuum if ! seal is p]fectly tight4 ,?is condition c be p>tly avoid$ by pr9t+ ! cases s t :5 ! case is /ack$ "r side up ! catsup w be neck d[n 9 ! case4 ,!re=e1 ! vacuum space w be at ! bottom ( ! bottle1 in/ead ( at ! neck1 & !re is no *ance = air to filt] into ! neck because ! body ( ! catsup is "r up aga9/ ! closure4 ,:5 ^! cases are %ipp$ out & /ack$ 9 a w>eh\se1 ! catsup w always be bottom up z long z ! cases are "r side up4 ,9 all probability ! bottles w rema9 9 ?is position until ! case is unpack$ by ! retail] & ! bottles are plac$ on ! %elves4 ,pack+ ,gallons & ,no4 #aj's ,pack+ catsup 9 gallon glass j>s & enamel l9$ ,no4 #aj cans is v simil> to pack+ x 9 bottles4 ,^! sizes c ei!r be process$ or n process$1 & ! same pr9ciples apply z 9 pack+ ! small] sizes4 ,if no process is giv51 ! conta9]s %\ld be put ?r\gh a hot air /]iliz]1 j z ! small bottles are1 & ! catsup %\ld be v hot :5 fill$4 ,) glass j>s ! breakage is (t5 v great1 & !y mu/ be heat$ sl[ly & c>efully1 & plac$ on a w>m wood5 surface :5 !y are fill$4 ,a metal surface b5ea? ! j>s w almo/ always cause a lot ( breakage due to ! fact t x *ills s easily4 ,= ! closure a cork is usually us$1 & ! process %\ld n exce$ #ahj degrees1 z a high] temp]ature w cause ! corks to pop out4 ,a process ( two h\rs is suffici5t = gallon j>s4 ,if ,no4 #aj catsup is giv5 an aft]-/]ilization1 #a h\rs 9 boil+ wat] is suffici5t4 ,x mu/ be und]/ood t x takes mu* long] = ! heat to p5etrate to ! c5t] ( a c ( catsup ?an x does ) pulp1 z ! catsup conta9s sug> & salt & is heavi] 9 specific gravity4 ,aft]-/]ilization ! cans %\ld be cool$ gradually 9 wat]1 & all[$ to rema9 9 ! wat] until !y only h suffici5t heat left to all[ ! wat] to evaporate f ! surface ( ! c & prev5t ru/+4 ,,*apt] ,,xi ,,! ,,manufacture ,,( ,,*ili ,,sauce ,,& ,,! ,,pulp+ ,,( ,,tomato ,,trimm+s ,*ili sauce is ! f9e/ tomato product manufactur$4 ,x diff]s f catsup 9 t x is made f :ole peel$ tomatoes ) ! se$s & fib] left 91 & 9 t x usually conta9s m onion ?an catsup1 & is usually a little 8hott]40 ,grad+ ! ,tomatoes ,= *ili sauce ! tomatoes are peel$ z !y are = cann+4 ,z a rule !y are run ov] a grad] & only ! l>ge ones are us$ = peel+1 ! small ones be+ pulp$ or made into catsup4 ,x does n pay to peel ! small tomatoes1 z x requires too mu* labor1 & ! wom5 :o d ! peel+ at s mu* p] bucket try to fight %y ( !m1 & (t5 ma% !m up 9 _! buckets to avoid hav+ to peel !m4 ,!y w make j z good pulp or catsup z ! l>ge tomatoes w1 & mu* m c be got out ( !m 9 ?is way ?an if an attempt is made to get !m peel$4 ,sometimes ! small tomatoes & ! peel+s ( ! l>ge tomatoes are pulp$ toge!r4 ,if ?is is done ! :ole small tomatoes tone up ! flavor ( ! peel+s1 & also help to keep ! f9al product )9 safe limits z to microscopical c\nt4 ,"s pack]s ?r[ away ! peel+s1 ei!r because !y are s busy ) ! :ole tomatoes t !y c't bo!r ) !m1 or because !y are afraid ! pulp :i* !y are work$ up into w run high 9 micro-organisms1 & !y don't want to h su* pulp on _! h&s4 ,me?od ( ,h&l+ ,tomatoes ,! usual me?od ( h&l+ ! tomatoes is to run !m fir/ ov] a sort+ belt1 :]e !y are inspect$ by sev]al wom51 !n ov] a grad]1 :i* lets ! small tomatoes fall ?r\gh on to a belt :i* conveys !m to a wa%+ arrangem5t1 & !nce to ! 8break+ tanks10 or to ! pulp ma*9e1 or ! cru%]1 dep5d+ ^u :i* pulp+ me?od is us$4 ,! small tomatoes may or may n be giv5 a second sort+4 ,if ! trimm+s are to be ?r[n away1 ! l>ge tomatoes don't ne$ to be sort$1 z ! peel]s w take c>e ( t1 & 9 ?is case a good way is to put all ! tomatoes ?r\gh a rot>y wa%] fir/1 !n ov] a grad]1 & h ! small tomatoes c>efully sort$ aft] ! grad+ is done4 ,! l>ge tomatoes pass f ! grad] to ! scald]1 & !nce to ! peel+ table or 8m]ry-g-r\nd10 :]e !y are peel$4 ,! be/ me?od to use if ! trimm+s are to be pulp$ w be discuss$ lat] 9 ! *apt]4 ,! peel$ tomatoes are ?r[n into a cutt+ ma*9e :i* cuts !m into good-siz$ *unks1 & drops !m on a bucket conveyor :i* takes !m to ! cook+ kettles4 ,! cutt] %\ld be s adju/$ t x w n make ! tomatoes mu%y4 ,a few fair-siz$ pieces ( tomato 9 a bottle ( *ili sauce is ne>ly always pleas+ to ! consum]4 ,x is important t ! peel+ be ?or\gh4 ,ea* bucket %\ld be inspect$ be=e ! tomatoes are ?r[n into ! *opp]4 ,pieces ( peel+ 9 *ili sauce are v noticeable :5 ! product is us$1 & make an unfavorable impression4 ,am\nt ( ,tomatoes & ,onions ,x takes j ab\t #gb f\rte5-qu>t buckets ( peel$ tomatoes ( av]age firmness to make #ajj gallons ( f9i%$ *ili sauce4 ,= ?is same am\nt ab\t #ajj lbs4 ( *opp$ onions %\ld be us$4 ,! onions %\ld be v c>efully peel$1 & v f9ely *opp$4 ,if ?is *opp+ is n done f9e en\gh ! pieces ( onion w /op up ! tubes ( ! fill+ ma*9e4 ,x is be/ to use only l>ge onions = *ili sauce1 z x takes a great _m wom5 to peel ! requir$ am\nt if small ones are us$1 & ! wa/e on ! small ones is consid]able :5 ! peel+ mu/ be done s ?or\ghly4 ,! cook+ is c>ri$ out ! same z 9 catsup1 & ! same +r$i5ts are us$1 ) ! possible exception ( g>lic1 :i*1 s f> z ,i "k1 is n (t5 us$ 9 *ili sauce4 ,spices ,! spic+ is v simil> to catsup4 ,9 "s br&s ab\t twice z mu* cay5ne is us$ z 0 sugge/$ = catsup1 :ile o!r br&s are spic$ mildly4 ,"o ( ! be/ lik$ br&s on ! m>ket is q mild1 & ano!r br& :i* is equally popul> is q hot4 ,salt1 ,sug> & ,v9eg> ,! same am\nts ( salt & v9eg> are us$ z 9 catsup1 & !y are add$ 9 exactly ! same mann]4 ,ab\t #aj lbs4 m ( sug> is ne$$ = a #ajj-;gallon bat* ?an is us$ 9 catsup4 ,?is is probably necessitat$ by ! l>ge am\nt ( onions us$4 ,te/+ ,f9i%+ ,po9t ,te/+ ! po9t at :i* ! cook+ is complet$ mu/ be done by ! eye4 ,! hydromet] c n be us$1 z *ili sauce is too lumpy4 ,a hydromet] c only be us$ :5 ! product is smoo? & homog5e\s4 ,by a little exp]i5ce ! cook w soon le>n to judge ! f9i%+ po9t4 ,x is t po9t at :i* v little wat] runs f ! lumps ( tomatoes :5 ! *ili sauce is hot1 & practically no free wat] %[s :5 a little ( x is cool$ 9 a saucepan4 ,9 my op9ion ! f9i%+ po9t ( *ili sauce is easi] to judge by ! eye ?an x is on catsup4 ,fill+1 ,seal+1 & ,/]iliz+ ,z to fill+1 seal+1 /]iliz+ or n /]iliz+1 label+1 /ack+1 etc41 ! same rem>ks apply to *ili sauce z to catsup4 ,! fill+ is some:at m difficult1 z ! product is lumpy1 & a special fill+ tube mu/ be us$4 ,z to :e!r an automatic rot>y fill] simil> to t us$ = catsup is ev] us$ = *ili sauce ,i d n "k4 ,i h always fill$ x ) "o ( ! old /yle catsup fill]s1 us+ a special fill+ tube4 ,on acc\nt ( ! fact t a wide-m\!d bottle is us$1 !re is ev5 m dang] ( air leakage 9 ! neck ( ! bottle1 caus+ 8black neck10 ?an !re is 9 catsup4 ,x is a common sight to see *ili sauce ) an in*1 or ev5 two in*es1 ( black5+ at ! top ( ! bottle4 ,sometimes ! v f9e/ quality ( cork is us$1 & !n p>aff9 is put ov] t1 b ev5 !n we f9d t ?is d>k5+ is n avoid$4 ,i recomm5d ! same proc$ure "h z 0 giv5 :5 discuss+ ?is subject on catsup4 ,if a cr[n seal1 ei!r pla9 or ( ! self-op5+ type1 is us$ z ! closure1 a pure cork ins]t %\ld be us$4 ,z m5tion$ 9 a previ\s *apt]1 ! composition cork ins]t does n "w z well on wide-m\!d bottles z x does on ^? ) a n>r[ m\?4 ,! rem>ks :i* 7 made on ! pack+ ( ,no4 #aj & gallon catsup also apply to ! pack+ ( *ili sauce 9 ^! sizes4 ,microscopical ,c\nts ,! c\nts ( molds1 yea/s & spores1 & bact]ia 9 *ili sauce usually run v l[4 ,i h nev] se5 a sample t ran high 9 molds1 & v few t ran high 9 ! o!r c\nts4 ,! molds seldom run high] ?an #aj1 & c\nts ( z]o are (t5 obta9$4 ,?is is because practically all ( ! mold 9 tomatoes is on ! outside & cl+s to ! peel+4 ,:5 ! peel+ is remov$ ! mold is remov$4 ,z ! peel$ tomatoes are usually cut & cook$ imm$iately aft] !y are peel$1 !re is v little opportunity = ! multiplication ( yea/s & bact]ia4 ,pulp+ ! ,trimm+s ,trimm+ pulp1 or 8sk9 & core10 z x is sometimes call$1 is made f t "p ( ! tomato :i* is remov$ :5 ! tomatoes are peel$4 ,?is consi/s ( ! peel+1 ) ! tomato sub/ance :i* cl+s to x1 & ! h>d core at ! /em end ( ! tomato4 ,9 z mu* z practically all ( ! mold 9 or on ! tomatoes is reta9$ 9 ! trimm+s1 x is n an easy matt] to "w ^! trimm+s up into a product :i* w m>k up to ! gov]nm5t requirem5ts1 & d x economically4 ,if ! tomatoes are firm & l>gely free f cracks ar\nd ! /em end x is n s bad1 b :5 !y come 9 badly crack$1 ) tufts ( mold gr[+ 9 all ! cracks1 z is (t5 ! case late 9 ! season1 ! am\nt ( labor requir$ to prop]ly sort !m makes ! work+ up ( trimm+s unpr(itable4 ,:5 ! trimm+s %[ up fairly well1 & ! labor to h&le !m is available1 !re is no reason :y ! *ili sauce pack] or tomato cann] %\ld n utilize :at w\ld o!rwise be a wa/e by turn+ x into pulp or 8trimm+ catsup40 ,gov]nm5t ,attitude on ,trimm+ ,pulp ,! gov]nm5t does n object to ! manufacture ( tomato products f trimm+s1 b !y dem& t ! product comply ) ! regulations z to micro-organisms1 & t x be sold = exactly :at x is1 & if put up = sale to ! consum+ public1 t x be label$--8made f pieces ( tomatoes10 or1 8made f tomato trimm+s10 or1 if small tomatoes are work$ up ) ! trimm+s1 8made f small tomatoes & tomato trimm+s10 or1 8made f small tomatoes & pieces ( tomatoes40 ,me?od ( ,h&l+ ,tomatoes ,:5 ,trimm+s ,are ,pulp$ ,if ! trimm+s are to be pulp$ ! tomatoes mu/ be v c>efully sort$1 & ?or\ghly wa%$1 pref]ably 9 a rot>y wa%]4 ,z x is practically impossible to sort or wa% ! trimm+s1 ! tomatoes mu/ be 9 almo/ p]fect condition :5 !y ent] ! scald]4 ,wa%+ ! trimm+s c>ries away too mu* ( ! tomato sub/ance :i* cl+s to !m1 & sort+ is n practicable1 z ! s(t rot & mold becomes incorporat$ 9 ! entire mass & x is impossible to sep>ate x4 ,! peel]s c n be dep5d$ ^u to sort out any sub/antial am\nt ( rot :5 !y d ! peel+4 ,!re=e ! only ?+ t c be done t[>d keep+ d[n ! micro-organisms is pa9/ak+ sort+ ( ! :ole tomatoes & ?or\gh wa%+ to keep out ! mold1 hav+ ! convey+ equipm5t & tanks clean1 & br++ ! trimm+s to a boil quickly to prev5t multiplication ( yea/s & bact]ia4 ,x is wise to /eam out ! peel+ buckets & bucket conveyors at noon1 z well z at quitt+ "t1 z ! juice :i* lies 9 !m is con/antly und]go+ f]m5tation4 ,:5 ! trimm+s are pulp$1 ei!r alone or ) ! small tomatoes1 ! tomatoes are all wa%$ & sort$ be=e !y are grad$4 ,! trimm+s %\ld be cook$ be=e !y are run ?r\gh ! pulp f9i%]1 s z to get all ( ! cl++ tomato sub/ance cook$ away f ! sk94 ,! d5sity to :i* to cook ! trimm+s c be judg$ fairly well by ! eye1 or ! specific gravity te/ by weigh+ c be us$4 ,! pulp is cann$ ! same z :ole pulp4 ,,*apt] ,,xii ,,! ,,manufacture ,,( ,,tomato ,,s\p ,conv5i5ce & ,economy ( ,cann$ ,s\p ,cann$ tomato s\p is a commodity :i* is increas+ 9 favor ) ! h\sewife4 ,! old me?od ( prep>+ ?is s\p 9 ! home 0 to op5 a c ( tomatoes1 /ra9 x ?r\gh a col&]1 & /ew x1 add+ butt]1 salt1 sug>1 spices1 fl\r1 & p]haps soda & milk4 ,! mod]n way is to imm]se a c ( cond5s$ tomato s\p 9 boil+ wat] = five m9utes1 op5 x1 & mix ! cont5ts ) an equal volume ( hot wat] or hot milk4 ,h[ mu* m conv5i5t ! mod]n way is1 & :5 ! quality is j z good & (t5 bett] ?an c be obta9$ ! long tr\blesome way1 x is natural t cann$ tomato s\p %\ld become increas+ly popul>4 ,buy+ ! cann$ s\p is also *eap] ?an buy+ ! cann$ tomatoes & mak+ ! s\p f !m4 ,factors ,^u ,:i* ,success ,dep5ds ,! mak] ( tomato s\p %\ld be a crank on quality4 ,!re is no o!r tomato product 9 :i* quality is at a great] premium4 ,9 catsup & *ili sauce1 heavy spic+ & mix+ ) lots ( v9eg> & sug> help to mask ! tomato flavor1 b 9 s\p ! spic+ is light1 no v9eg> is us$1 & be+ eat5 z a food 9 itself1 in/ead ( z a condim5t ) :i* to flavor a food1 ! palate quickly detects inf]iority4 ,also1 ! palate is j z quick to detect t pleas+ fre% tomato ta/e :i* %\ld be ! basis ( all good s\p4 ,! quality ( ! tomato /ock is ! real important ?+4 ,fre% tomatoes may be us$ or a f9e grade ( pulp may be us$1 & ei!r w make an excell5t s\p4 ,) poor tomato /ock a good s\p _c be made no matt] :at y d to x4 ,spic+ arti/ically1 & mak+ ri* by ! use ( pl5ty ( good butt]1 w n make am5ds = poor quality ( tomato /ock4 ,to succe$ 9 mak+ tomato s\p ! manufactur] mu/ at lea/ make good on ! foll[+ c\nts3 fir/1 8 s\p mu/ be palatable1 t is1 pleas+1 to ! ta/e ) no l+]+ unpleasant aft]-ta/e2 second1 x mu/ n be too sweet or too s\r2 ?ird1 x mu/ be uni=m 9 consi/5cy1 smoo? :5 p\r$ out ( ! c1 & mu/ n get lumpy or gra9y aft] be+ 9 /orage a long "t2 f\r?1 x mu/ n curdle fre% milk1 ev5 ?\gh ! h\sewife adds no bak+ soda :5 mix+ milk ) x2 fif?1 x mu/ be reasonable 9 price & attractively pack$ 9 popul> sizes4 ,unpalatability ,i w discuss ^! po9ts a little fur!r4 ,:at makes tomato pulp unpalatable & :at causes an unpleasant aft]-ta/e8 ,! mo/ common cause is poor tomato /ock1 or tomato /ock :i* has be5 ov]cook$4 ,su* a f\ndation = s\p w almo/ inv>iably leave a l+]+ unpleasant aft]-ta/e 9 ! m\?4 ,ano!r ?+ is too mu* fl\r1 mask+ ! flavor ( ! tomato & giv+ x a some:at 8pa/y0 ta/e4 ,ano!r ?+ is ! injudici\s use ( spices1 produc+ unpopul> flavors1 or us+ "o spice1 su* z bay leaves1 = in/ance1 9 su* l>ge proportion t almo/ e o!r flavor is mask$4 ,none ( ^! defects are r>e 9 tomato s\ps1 & !y all cause unpalatability to "s ext5t4 ,prop] ,sweetness ,gett+ prop] sweetness is n ne>ly s easy z "o might suppose4 ,x is n s difficult :5 ! s\p is made f fre% tomatoes1 al?\gh ev5 !n e bat* mu/ be ta/$ aft] all b a few p\nds ( ! sug> is add$1 & ! am\nt ( sug> v>i$ accord+ to ! sweetness ( ! tomatoes4 ,:5 ! wea!r is mod]ately dry1 ) pl5ty ( sun%9e1 ! tomatoes are usually sweet & d n require s mu* sug>1 b tomatoes :i* rip5 dur+ ra9y1 d>k1 cold days are n s sweet1 & a little m sug> is ne$$4 ,:5 mak+ s\p f cann$ pulp x is necess>y to wat* ! sweetness ( ! pulp v close1 & x may be necess>y = ! cook to v>y ! sug> on a #ajj-;gallon bat* t5 or fifte5 p\nds dur+ a day's run4 ,cann$ pulp (t5 v>ies greatly 9 sweetness1 & if held 9 /orage = _m mon?s x (t5 loses "s ( its sweetness on acc\nt ( ! action ( liv+1 acid =m+ bact]ia1 :i* may n be pres5t 9 l>ge am\nt1 b nev]!less1 9 "t1 h a noticeable effect on ! sweetness ( ! pulp4 ,:5 pulp is pur*as$ = ! purpose ( mak+ s\p its sweetness %\ld be "o ( ! fir/ consid]ations 9 pass+ judgm5t on x4 ,gradual ,s\r+ ( ,pulp ,:5 ! s\p manufactur] makes 8 own pulp & works x up into s\p dur+ ! w9t] mon?s he w probably f9d t he w save on 8 sug> bill if he w pack ! pulp 9 ,no4 #aj cans & /]ilize x--at lea/ t "p ( ! pulp :i* mu/ be held 9 /orage sev]al mon?s4 ,9 ?is way liv+1 acid =m+ bact]ia are kill$1 & ! dang] ( ! pulp los+ its sweetness dur+ mon?s ( /orage is greatly m9imiz$4 ,! fact t ! gradual s\r+ ( pulp 9 #e-;gal4 cans1 ev5 ?\gh v slight1 is due to ! action ( liv+1 acid =m+ bact]ia c h>dly be d\bt$4 ,bact]iological te/s supplem5t$ by *emical analyses w\ld det]m9e ! matt] def9itely1 b !re is evid5ce 9 ! exp]i5ce ( e cann] to %[ t ?is s\r+ is due to ! fact t ! pulp is n /]ile4 ,cann$ tomatoes are always /]iliz$ & c be kept 9 /orage = ye>s )\t los+ _! sweetness4 ,pulp pack$ 9 #e-;gallon cans is n /]iliz$ & q a aft]-/]ilization p]c5tage ( x w lose mu* ( its sweetness on be+ /or$ = six mon?s1 & aft] be+ /or$ a ye> /ill m is lo/4 ,x takes hundr$s ( p\nds ( exp5sive sug> to make up = ?is loss ( sweetness :5 ! pulp is made into s\p4 ,sampl+ ,( c\rse1 a cook is n infallible 9 8 judgm5t z to j :at is ! "r sweetness & he ne$s ! co-op]ation ( o!rs at ! factory4 ,! factory manag] %\ld make x a po9t to sample ! s\p sev]al times a day1 & also to h o!rs sample x4 ,x is bett] to h x j a little less sweet ?an x %\ld be ?an to h x too sweet4 ,! consum] c always add a little sug> b _c take any out4 ,! ?ird po9t m5tion$ above--t ( uni=m consi/5cy & smoo?ness1 w be discuss$ fully "u ! cook+ & %ak+ processes4 ,prop] ,acidity ,i /at$ z ! f\r? po9t t ! s\p %\ld n curdle fre% milk1 ev5 ?\gh no soda is add$ by ! h\sewife4 ,"o ( ! favorite ways ( prep>+ cann$ tomato s\p 9 ! home is to mix x ) an equal quantity ( hot milk4 ,! exp]i5c$ h\sewife kn[s en\gh to add a p9* ( soda to ! milk be=e add+ ! s\p1 & %e may also "k t %e w get a smoo!r mixture if %e sl[ly p\rs ! s\p into ! milk1 /irr+ con/antly1 ?an if %e p\rs ! milk into ! s\p4 ,! inexp]i5c$ h\sewife does n "k ^! ?+s1 & (t5 %e op5s ! c & mixes x ) milk )\t read+ ! admonition on ! label z to h[ ! cream ( tomato s\p %\ld be prep>$4 ,sometimes %e =gets to add ! soda1 or does n ?or\ghly dissolve x1 or does n add en\gh ( x1 & !n !re is disappo9tm5t4 ,9 ord] to gu>d aga9/ su* disappo9tm5ts ! s\p cann] %\ld s prep>e 8 product t curdl+ ( ! milk _c occur "u any me?od ( mix+4 ,! way to d ?is is to add en\gh soda to ! s\p to r$uce ! acidity to a po9t :]e x w n curdle fre% milk1 :e!r ! s\p is p\r$ into ! milk or ! milk into ! s\p4 ,! cann] c !n pr9t a notice on ! label ( ! c to ! effect t x is n necess>y to add soda to ?is s\p :5 prep>+ x z 8cream ( tomato10 z ! soda is already 9 x4 ,! acidity ( ! tomato is ! active pr9ciple :i* causes ! milk to curdle4 ,if ?is acidity runs #j4fj x w curdle ! milk badly4 ,if x is r$uc$ to #j4ej x w /ill curdle ! milk1 b if x is r$uc$ to #j4dj x w n curdle ! milk1 if ! milk is fre%4 ,! aim ( ! s\p mak] %\ld !re=e be to keep ! acidity ( ! s\p betwe5 #j4cj & #j4dj1 n all[+ x to g above or bel[ ^! limits4 ,if x is r$uc$ bel[ #j4cj ! flavor ( ! tomato beg9s to be effect$--9 fact1 if possible1 x is be/ to keep ! acidity betwe5 #j4ce & #j4dj to avoid any possibility ( loss ( tomato flavor4 ,n[1 ! pack] w ask--8,h[ am ,i go+ to d ?is acidity te/+8 ,i'm n a *emi/1 & h no *emi/ at my factory1 or any laboratory40 ,! acidity te/ on pulp & s\p is a v simple "o4 ,! equipm5t requir$ sc>cely am\nts to any?+1 z ! sample c be tak5 by volume4 ,any *emi/ w be glad to %[ y h[ to make ?is te/ & to secure = y ! few accessories ne$$4 ,:y is !re less dang] ( curdl+ if ! s\p is p\r$ into ! milk ?an if ! milk is p\r$ into ! s\p8 ,! s\p conta9s all ! acid1 & ! milk conta9s none4 ,if ! s\p is p\r$ into ! milk sl[ly1 ) /irr+1 ! acid is sl[ly add$ to ! milk1 & is dilut$1 !re be+ at ! beg9n+ ( ! mix+ a v small volume ( acid & a l>ge am\nt ( milk4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! milk is add$ to ! s\p1 a small volume ( milk is at fir/ be+ ?r[n into a l>ge volume ( acid1 & naturally ! dang] ( curdl+ is consid]ably increas$4 ,b if ! acidity ( ! s\p is n above #j4dj & ! milk is fre%1 !re w n be an appreciable am\nt ( curdl+ no matt] :i* way ! two are mix$4 ,a /atem5t z to ! prop] way ( mix+ ) milk %\ld be made on ! label4 ,price & ,quality ,t ! s\p1 to be a success1 mu/ be popul> 9 price & pack$ 9 conv5i5t sizes is self evid5t1 & !re is no ne$ ( dwell+ on ?is po9t4 ,practically all ( ! tomato s\p on ! m>ket is pack$ ei!r 9 ! #aj oz4 or #af oz4 size1 & almo/ all ( x is *eap 9 comp>ison ) o!r foods1 b x is a mi/ake to cut ! quality "o iota 9 ord] to %ade ! price4 ,! m>k = quality %\ld be set at ! highe/ po9t possible & ! price to correspond4 ,! cann] may book a lot ( new bus9ess ) a l[ price & m$iocre quality b he is n likely to hold x4 ,almo/ anyone w\ld r pay a c5t a c m & get bett] quality4 ,microscopical ,c\nts ,! fir/ op]ations 9 s\p mak+ are ! same z 9 pulp4 ,! same c>e mu/ be tak5 9 sort+ & wa%+ ! tomatoes1 & ! gov]nm5t au?orities put s\p on ! same basis z o!r tomato products :5 x comes to microscopical analysis4 ,! fact t s\p conta9s fl\r & butt] makes ! c\nt+ ( yea/s1 spores1 & bact]ia "u ! microscope a difficult op]ation4 ,! molds1 h[ev]1 %[ up almo/ z well 9 s\p z !y d 9 pulp4 ,beg9n+ ! ,cook & ,add+ ,soda ,! tomatoes mu/ be cyclon$ be=e !y are conv]t$ into s\p4 ,cru%$ tomatoes w n d4 ,! cyclon$ juice = ea* bat* is measur$ 9 ! same mann] z = catsup1 & any ( ! types ( cook+ kettles t are us$ = catsup are satisfactory = s\p4 ,= a #ajj gallon bat* ( f9i%$ s\p1 us+ ! am\nt ( fl\r ,i am go+ to recomm5d1 ab\t #bh or #bi bu%els ( tomatoes w be requir$4 ,z soon z all ( ! tomato juice = ! bat* is boil+ 9 ! cook+ kettle ! soda is add$4 ,! am\nt ( bic>bonate ( soda to use dep5ds ^u :e!r ! s\p is be+ made f fre% tomatoes or pulp1 & if made f pulp ! soda %\ld be v>i$ accord+ to ! pulp's acidity4 ,x is ne>ly always necess>y to use m soda 9 pulp ?an 9 fre% tomatoes1 & if ! pulp is old goods :i* has lo/ mu* ( its sweetness1 & 9 :i* ! acid has be5 increas$ by ! sl[ b tell+ action ( liv+ bact]ia1 /ill m soda mu/ be us$4 ,= fre% tomatoes #ah to #bj oz4 ( soda is en\gh = a bat* ( #ajj gallons :5 f9i%$1 b = pulp1 z high z #cj oz4 may be requir$4 ,if x takes m ?an ?is to r$uce ! acidity ( ! pulp to ! prop] po9t1 t pulp _h bett] be us$ = "s o!r purpose ?an s\p4 ,!re is a limit z to ! am\nt ( soda t c be add$ )\t loss ( tomato flavor4 ,! soda is add$ a little at a "t :ile ! pulp or tomato juice is boil+4 ,! cook mu/ all[ consid]able room = eff]vesc+1 s t ! =mation ( ! c>bonic acid gas w n cause mu* ( ! cont5ts to be lo/ by fl[+ ov] ! top ( ! kettle4 ,cutt+ ! foam+ tomato juice ) a %>p spray f ! hose w help to keep ! eff]vesc+ mass d[n4 ,butt]1 ,spices & ,onions ,aft] ! eff]vesc5ce f ! addition ( ! soda has /opp$1 ! butt]1 spice1 & onion are add$4 ,( c\rse1 ! m butt] t is add$ ! ri*] ! s\p w be1 b ! idea %\ld be to give ! s\p ! butt] flavor )\t add+ s mu* t ! co/ w m\nt up beyond a reasonable limit4 ,i w\ld sugge/ #f or #g lbs4 ( butt] to #ajj gallons ( f9i%$ s\p4 ,! butt] w s ?or\ghly di/ribute itself dur+ ! boil+ t e drop ( ! s\p w conta9 practically ! same am\nt4 ,x is n necess>y to use a fancy pr9t ( butt]4 ,if ! butt] is a little mottl$1 or ! salt isn't q z ev5ly incorporat$ 9 x z x %\ld be x makes no diff]5ce1 z ! butt] fat & salt all become ev5ly di/ribut$ 9 ! s\p aft] boil+ = a m9ute or two4 ,! butt]1 h[ev]1 %\ld be sweet & clean4 ,rancid butt] %\ld n be us$4 ,s\p %\ld n be heavily spic$1 z _m p d n l highly season$ s\ps1 & if x isn't hot en\gh = "s consum]s !y c add z mu* pepp] z !y want to4 ,s f> z ,i "k ! spices mo/ commonly us$ are :ite pepp]1 paprika1 cassia1 mace1 cloves1 bay leaves1 & cel]y salt4 ,black pepp] %\ld n be us$ at x makes black specks 9 ! s\p :i* are apt to be mi/ak5 = dirt4 ,ab\t #g oz4 ( :ite pepp] to #ajj gallons ( f9i%$ s\p w give x suffici5t spic9ess4 ,if paprika is us$ ?is c be cut d[n some:at4 ,cassia1 mace or cloves are us$ 9 small am\nt1 #a oz4 ( ei!r be+ ample4 ,pepp]1 cloves1 & cassia are add$ at ! beg9n+ ( ! cook+ & mace is add$ j a few m9utes be=e ! fl\r4 ,x is said t cel]y salt gives tomato s\p a v nice flavor b ,i h nev] tri$ x4 ,"s p l bay leaves1 b ,i h ta/$ cann$ tomato s\p ) a v decid$ bay leaf ta/e :i* ,i ?\ght 0 ab\t z poor z any s\p ,i h ev] ta/$4 ,! onions are *opp$ ! same z = catsup1 & #d lbs4 is ab\t ! "r am\nt = #ajj gallons ( s\p4 ,sug> & ,salt ,! sug> c be add$ at any "t aft] ! spices1 butt]1 & onions1 b ab\t #e lbs4 %\ld be held back f ! av]age am\nt be+ us$1 figur+ t we are cook+ a #ajj gallon bat*1 & aft] ! sug> & salt is 91 ! cont5ts ( ! kettle %\ld be ta/$ be=e ! balance ( ! sug> is add$4 ,x may be t ! la/ #e lbs4 are n ne$$1 or x may be t all ( x is ne$$ & also an additional #e lbs4 ,= fre% tomatoes ab\t #be or #cj lbs4 ( sug> may be suffici5t = a #ajj gallon bat*1 & = pulp x may be necess>y to use z mu* z #ej lbs4 or ev5 #fj lbs4 9 "s cases4 ,aft] ! cond5sation has cont9u$ until ! boil+ mass is ( ! consi/5cy ( ?9 pulp ! salt is add$4 ,! same grade ( salt is us$ z = catsup1 & ab\t #ad lbs4 is ! "r am\nt4 ,! sug> & salt %\ld be put 9 small conta9]s or pails & scatt]$ sl[ly ov] ! surface ( ! boil+ pulp4 ,te/+ ,?ickness ,be=e ,add+ ,fl\r ,n[ ! cont5ts ( ! kettle conta9 all ( ! +r$i5ts except ! fl\r & ! wat] :i* is mix$ ) ! fl\r :5 x is add$4 ,be=e ?is fl\r mixture is add$ ! cont5ts ( ! kettle mu/ be cond5s$ to a def9ite ?ickness4 ,if ?is ?ickness is n measur$ ) a fair degree ( accuracy ! f9i%$ s\p w ei!r be s ?ick t x w be lumpy 9 ! c1 ev5 aft] %ak+1 or x w be s ?9 t ! h\sewife is apt to feel t %e is gett+ *eat$ :5 %e p\rs ! s\p out ( ! c4 ,! object to atta9 %\ld be to h ! s\p z ?ick z ! consum] c\ld reasonably expect1 b at ! same "t to h x ( su* consi/5cy t x w p\r out ( ! c easily & smoo?ly4 ,nobody wants s\p t w come out ( ! c l a brick1 b at ! same "t !y expect cond5s$ s\p to be reasonably ?ick4 ,i pref] to gauge ! po9t at :i* x is "t = ! fl\r to be add$ ) a hydromet]4 ,! use ( ! hydromet] "h is subject to ! same precautions z 7 describ$ "u ! te/+ ( pulp1 & x is us$ 9 ! same way4 ,:atev] read+ pulp ( specific gravity #a4jd gives on ! hydromet] y use1 t is ! read+ y %\ld take = ! po9t at :i* to add ! fl\r mixture on s\p4 ,if y foll[ ?is rule y w come out all "r4 ,we w say t pulp ( ! degree ( f95ess y h reads tw5ty degrees on y\r hydromet] :5 x is at a specific gravity ( #a4jd4 ,!n tw5ty degrees on ?is hydromet] is ! po9t at :i* ! fl\r mixture %\ld be add$ on s\p4 ,x might occur to y t x w\ld be a good idea to use ! specific gravity te/ by weigh+ to det]m9e ! po9t at :i* to add ! fl\r4 ,?is w\ld "w all "r if y us$ ! same am\nt ( sug> all ! "t1 b z v>y+ quantities ( sug> w v>y ! specific gravity )\t mat]ially v>y+ ! ?ickness ( ! pulp1 us+ ! specific gravity te/ by weigh+ at ?is po9t is apt to ?r[ y (f4 ,?is v>y+ am\nt ( sug> w h a slight effect on ! hydromet] read+ also1 b n en\gh to make an appreciable diff]5ce4 ,:at y really want is to h y\r p>tially complet$ s\p at a uni=m ?ickness be=e add+ ! fl\r1 r ?an at a uni=m specific gravity4 ,?ickness & specific gravity d n always correspond4 ,tomato fib] may be v ?ick & /ill h a r l[ specific gravity1 & x may be ?9 & h a high specific gravity due to ! fact t x conta9s add$ sug> 9 solution4 ,= det]m9+ ! po9t :i* we are try+ to gauge1 ! hydromet] is mu* less apt to ?r[ y (f ! track ?an is a specific gravity te/ by weigh+1 z increas+ ?ickness w *ange ! hydromet] read+ v quickly b w only alt] ! specific gravity sl[ly4 ,we w say t we h f\nd out t #bj degrees on ! hydromet] is ! prop] po9t at :i* to add ! fl\r mixture--t ?is degree ( ?ickness1 ) ! add$ ?ickness produc$ by ! fl\r mixture1 produces a s\p1 :i* :5 cold & well %ak51 w be ?ick en\gh1 b w also p\r out ( ! c easily & smoo?ly4 ,we te/ ! boil+ liquid sev]al times2 x runs #ad degrees1 !n aft] a few m9utes #ah degrees1 !n #bj1 & x is "t to add ! fl\r4 ,add+ ,fl\r ,! fl\r mu/ be smoo?ly mix$ ) wat] 9 a fl\r mix] ) sift] atta*m5t4 ,= a #ajj gallon bat* ( s\p ,i w\ld recomm5d #dj lbs4 ( h>d fl\r & #ac gallons ( wat]4 ,! h>d fl\r seems to give ! be/ results4 ,! wat] is plac$ 9 ! bottom ( ! mix] & ! mix+ atta*m5ts 7paddles & sift]7 set 9 motion ei!r by a sep>ate motor or by a belt f a l9e ( %aft4 ,! fl\r is !n p\r$ ?r\gh ! revolv+ sift] & is bru%$ ?r\gh z a f9e p[d]1 :i* ! paddles sl[ly "w into ! wat] )\t all[+ lumps to =m4 ,:5 ! total am\nt ( fl\r is add$ to ! wat]1 & ! paddles h work$ ! mixture up smoo?1 ! fl\r mixture is add$ to ! boil+ cont5ts ( ! kettle1 ei!r 9 pails or by means ( enamel l9$ pipe runn+ f ! mix] to ! cook+ kettles4 ,! cont5ts ( ! kettle %\ld be at a vigor\s boil :5 ! fl\r is add$1 & ! fl\r mixture %\ld n be ?r[n 9 s fa/ t x w kill ! boil4 ,dur+ ?is process ! boil+ mass %\ld be /irr$ vigor\sly ) a long paddle4 ,aft] all ! fl\r is 9 ! kettle ! boil is cont9u$ = t5 m9utes1 aft] :i* "t ! bat* ( s\p is done & ready to be let d[n into ! f9i%+ ma*9e4 ,fill+ & ,process+ ,f ! f9i%] x is conduct$ to a receiv+ tank1 & !nce to ! fill+ ma*9e4 ,a l>ge volume ( s\p %\ld n be kept ahead 9 ! receiv+ tank z x cools & may get some:at lumpy4 ,! hott] x is cann$1 ! bett]1 & x %\ld be plac$ 9 ! process tanks imm$iately aft] cann+4 ,x is usually cann$ 9 ,no4 #a1 #af oz41 & ,no4 #aj cans1 & is fill$ ) a rot>y fill+ ma*9e ( ! type us$ = heavy liquids4 ,x may be process$ ei!r 9 /raight process tanks or 9 a cont9u\s agitat+ pa/euriz]4 ,if ! /raight /ation>y tanks are us$ ! foll[+ "t is giv5 9 boil+ wat]3 ,no4 #a1 #cj m9utes2 #af oz41 #dj m9utes2 ,no4 #aj1 #a h\r4 ,if a cont9u\s agitat+ pa/euriz] is us$ ?is "t c be cut d[n ab\t #fj4 ,z soon z ! process+ is complet$ ! cans %\ld be gradually cool$ 9 cold wat] & left 9 ! cold wat] until ! outside has cool$ suffici5tly to all[ !m to be h&l$ easily4 ,on acc\nt ( ! fl\r x conta9s s\p holds its heat a long "t1 & x %\ld be prop]ly cool$ be=e /ack+ away4 ,%ak+ & ,label+ ,be=e %ak+ & label+ x is wise to let ! s\p /& = ab\t t5 days1 bo? to give leaks a *ance to %[ up1 & to give ! cont5ts ( ! c a *ance to ?or\ghly 8set40 ,if ! s\p is %ak5 too soon aft] x is cann$ !re is a possibility ( x coagulat+ aga91 b ?is w be avoid$ if ! s\p is all[$ to /& long en\gh be=e %ak+--#aj days be+ ample4 ,be=e ! s\p is %ak5 x w be 9 a jelly-l mass1 & if dump$ out ( ! c j z x is x w h ?is jelly-l appe>ance & look lumpy4 ,%ak+ makes x smoo?1 & also makes x fl[ easily f ! c4 ,! %ak+ %\ld be ?or\gh1 & ! type ( %ak+ ma*9e t is us$ = cann$ corn answ]s ! purpose bett] ?an any?+4 ,%ak+ by h& is v t$i\s & try+ on ! employee1 & z a rule h& %ak+ isn't z ?or\gh z x %\ld be4 ,! %ak+ is done at ! same "t z ! label+1 & f ! %ak] ! cans pass ?r\gh ! label+ ma*9e )\t a second h&l+4 ,! small sizes are usually pack$ f\r doz5 to ! case1 & ! ,no4 #aj's six cans to ! case4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- 8,,tag0 ,,indicat+ ,,!rmomet]s ,illu/ration3 ,h&l$ ,top ,!rmomet] ,illu/ration3 ,adju/able ,connection ,!rmomet] ,,= ,,tomato ,,pulp ,,boil+1 ,,catsup ,,kettles1 ,,scald+ ,,tanks1 ,,pa/euriz]s1 ,,/]iliz]s1 ,,tanks1 ,,vats1 ,etc4 h be5 especially design$ to meet ! exact+ requirem5ts ( tomato product manufactur]s & repres5t ! ultimate p]fection ( #aej ye>s ( !rmomet] developm5t & progress4 ,p]man5t accuracy is gu>ante$ because ea* tube is 8season$0 to prev5t future false read+s due to %r9kage ( ! glass4 ,actual temp]ature conditions are reproduc$ simil> to ^? :i* ! in/rum5t w enc\nt] 9 lat] use due to ! 8,,tag0 me?od ( 8po9t+0 & mak+ a special scale = ea* !rmomet]4 ,bullet9 ,t-#cje w provide fur!r details ( int]e/ ,c4 ,j4 ,,tagliabue ,,mfg4 ,,co4 #ah-hh ,?irty-?ird ,/reet ,brooklyn1 ,n4 ,y4 ,illu/ration3 ,adju/able ,clamp ,hook ,illu/ration3 ,regul> ,angle ,union ,connection ,illu/ration3 ,wood ,?read$ ,hub ,illu/ration3 ,/raight ,flange ,illu/ration3 ,pipe ,?read$ ,hub ,illu/ration3 ,/raight ,=m ,fix$ ,connection ,illu/ration3 ,adju/able ,clamp ,flange ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,illu/ration 8,,tag0 ,record+ ,!rmomet]s ,= ,cook]s1 ,scald]s1 ,pa/euriz]s1 ,/]iliz]s1 ,vats1 ,tanks1 ,etc4 are extremely accurate & reliable because !y h be5 design$ along s\nd & correct pr9ciples1 also due to _! simplicity ( con/ruction4 ,uni=mity ( results is assur$ because ^! in/rum5ts fai?fully record e temp]ature op]ation1 day or night1 !reby promot+ effici5cy & helpful competition among ! workm5 9 _! ef=ts to produce praise-wor?y *>ts4 ,made 9 bo? full-nickel$ bronze & japann$ iron cases ) nickel r+1 9 #h1 #aj & #ab-;in* sizes1 ) #ab1 #bd-;h\r or sev5 day *>ts4 ,= fur!r details write = ,bullet9 ,t-#cje ,c4 ,j4 ,,tagliabue ,,mfg4 ,,co4 #ah-hh ,?irty-?ird ,/4 ,brooklyn1 ,n4 ,y4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration3 8,! ,reeves0 ,v>iable ,spe$ ,transmission is ideal = regulat+ ! spe$ ( y\r ,tomato ,sort+ ,belt4 ,y c get any spe$ ev5 to a fraction ( a revolution at any "t by simply turn+ a small h& :eel4 ,x is s simple t ev5 a *ild c op]ate x & get v>iation z l[ z two to "o or z high z t5 to "o4 ,x is admirably adapt$ = regulat+ n only ! ,tomato ,sort+ ,belt b ,capp]s1 ,fill]s1 ,exhau/]s1 ,pea ,blan*]s1 ,v9]s or any k9d ( vegetables or fruit pack+ ma*9es :]e a v>iation ( spe$ is desir$4 ,write = ,cann]'s bullet9 ,c-#agj & see h[ o!r ,cann]s h pr(it$ by ! use ( 8,,! ,,reeves0 ,v>iable ,spe$ ,transmission4 ,,reeves ,,pulley ,,company ,columbus1 ,indiana ,memb]s ( ,:olesale ,groc]s' ,ex*ange4 ,*icago ,national ,pickle ,pack]s' ,association ,national ,kraut ,pack]s' ,association ,national ,cann$ ,goods & ,dri$ ,fruit ,brok]s' ,association ,c4 ,j4 ,sutph5 ,co4 ,brok]s & ,manufactur]s' ,ag5ts #adj ,nor? ,de>born ,/reet ,,*icago ,pickles ,sau] ,kraut ,tomato ,products ,v9eg> ,cann$ ,goods ,tw5ty-five ,ye>s' ,exp]i5ce ,pickles & ,condim5ts ,jeffrey ,cann+ ,ma*9]y ,illu/ration3 ,! ,jeffrey ,b9less ,peel+ ,table4 ,absolutely ,sanit>y4 ,built 9 sizes to accommodate #dd to #djj peel]s4 ,includes a complete l9e ( ,peel+-,tables4 ,convey]s = h&l+ all k9ds ( mat]ials4 ,*a9s--all types4 ,p[] ,transmission ,ma*9]y4 ,sprockets--,buckets4 ,write = ,catalogues ,! ,jeffrey ,manufactur+ ,co4 #idj ,n4 #d? ,/reet ,columbus1 ,ohio ,illu/ration ,pfaudl] ,cook+ ,kettle ,= ,tomato ,pulp1 ,catsup1 ,*ili ,sauce1 ,tomato ,s\p1 ,etc4 ,?is tank is #gb in*es inside diamet]1 #gb in*es deep & has a capacity ( #a1ccf gallons4 ,x is made 9 "o piece ( %eet /eel )\t any jo9ts or crevices1 & is l9$ ) ,pfaudl] ,glass ,enamel4 ,x may be equipp$ ) any /&>d coil4 ,! outside & bottom %\ld be insulat$ ) asbe/os to prev5t loss ( heat by radiation4 ,quick cook+4 ,no burn+4 ,long liv$4 ,easily clean$4 ,always ready = use4 ,prev5ts discoloration ( ! product due to metallic contam9ation4 ,l9$ ) ,pfaudl] ,glass ,enamel ,new ,york ,*icago ,san ,francisco ,detroit ,/4 ,l\is ,! ,pfaudl] ,company ,ro*e/]1 ,new ,york ,illu/ration ,hot ,tomato ,pulp & ,catsup 7,= hold+ at pr$et]m9$ temp]ature aft] cook+ & :ile await+ bottl+47 ,! ,jacket is connect$ ) a small expansion tank & is ?us kept fill$ ) wat]4 ,/eam is pass$ into ! coil 9 ! jacket heat+ ?is wat]4 ,?is me?od ( heat+ has be5 f\nd to give a close control ( temp]ature s t sup]-heat+ ( ! cont5ts is avoid$4 ,! ,brass ,agitator gives a sl[1 ?or\gh mix+ )\t viol5t di/urbance ( ! cont5ts & ?us avoids driv+ (f ! m delicate aromatic flavors4 ,l9$ ) ,pfaudl] ,glass ,enamel ,c be _h 9 diff]5t capacities f #aej gallons upw>ds4 ,new ,york ,*icago ,san ,francisco ,detroit ,/4 ,l\is ,! ,pfaudl] ,company ,ro*e/]1 ,n4 ,y4 ,illu/ration ,cook+ ,kettle = ,tomato ,pulp ,illu/ration3 ,,elyria ,,glass-,,enamel$ ,,equipm5t 8,! ,acme ( ,cann+ ,app>atus0 ,,elyria ,,glass ,,enamel--t\gh1 ela/ic1 a "p ( ! fib] ( ! /eel itself--is ! ideal equipm5t = ! manufacture ( tomato products4 ,! sanit>y qualities ( glass & its acid-resi/+ prop]ties are comb9$ ) ! rugg$ we>+ qualities ( /eel4 ,seams1 rivets1 crevices = ! lodgm5t ( wa/e sub/ances are elim9at$1 & ! smoo?1 h>d1 poli%$ int]ior ( ! tank pres5ts ! f9i%$ surface ( a glass b[l & c be clean$ easily1 quickly & absolutely4 ,s5d = our ,special ,bullet9 ( ,cann+ ,app>atus--x w prove int]e/+ & in/ructive ,! ,elyria ,enamel$ ,products ,co4 ,elyria1 ,ohio1 ,u4 ,s4 ,a4 ,new ,york ,*icago ,pittsburgh ,san ,francisco ,los ,angeles ,kelso ,pulp & ,catsup ,f9i%+ ,ma*9e ,illu/ration ,a ,ma*9e adapt$ = mak+ ,tomato ,pulp = ,catsup & = f9i%+ ,catsup & = prep>+ ,fruit ,products su* z ,apples1 ,plums1 ,prunes1 ,/rawb]ries1 etc41 = cann+4 ,illu/ration ,victoria ,p>+ ,ma*9e ,= ,peel+ ,onions1 ,potatoes1 ,beets1 ,sweet ,potatoes1 ,horse ,radi% ,roots1 etc41 9 l>ge quantities4 ,work+ ,capacity #a bu%el p] m9ute4 ,saves #ge labor & #be mat]ial4 ,s5d = our ,catalogue ( ,special ,ma*9]y & supplies = ,cid] & ,v9eg> ,manufactur]s1 ,pickl]s1 ,cann]s1 ,pres]v]s1 ,bottl]s4 ,,kelso ,,company #eei ,w4 ,qu9cy ,/4 ,*icago1 ,ill4 ,_w ,c ,label] ,illu/ration ,an up-to-!-m9ute ma*9e1 made by manufactur]s ( broad exp]i5ce 9 v>i\s k9ds ( label+ problems4 ,quickly adju/able to diff]5t sizes4 ,only "o k9d ( gum ne$$4 ,no dripp+ ( gum--no wa/$ labels4 ,spe$y & durable--me*anically correct4 ,y %\ld "k all ab\t x4 ,s5d = p>ticul>s4 ,economic ,ma*9]y ,co4 ,worce/]1 ,mass4 ,mak]s ( ! well-kn[n ,_w ,label] = bottles1 j>s1 tumbl]s1 & o!r packages ,illu/ration3 ,,sprague ,,works--,,! ,,home ,,( ,,! ,,sign ,,( ,,quality ,build]s ( ,complete ,equipm5t = ,cann+ & ,pres]v+ ,plants ,! only manufactur]s :o are prep>$ to supply y\r requirem5ts 9 cann+ factory ma*9]y1 complete1 9 e detail1 back$ up by ?irty ye>s ( exp]i5ce & a money back gu>antee ( satisfaction4 ,sprague ,cann+ ,ma*9]y ,co4 ,g5]al ,(fices3 ,*icago1 ,ill4 ,factory3 ,hoope/on1 ,ill4 ,ea/]n ,bran*3 ,%epp>d ,supply ,equipm5t ,co4 #cg ,s4 ,*>les ,/41 ,baltimore1 ,md4 ,we/]n ,ag5ts3 ,premi] ,ma*9]y ,co4 #af ,cali=nia ,/41 ,san ,francisco1 ,cal4 ,illu/ration3 8,set ,x & ,=get ,x0 ,,no ,,compress$ ,,air ,,skill$ ,,labor ,,or ,,co/ly ,,spoilage 8,,tag0 ,,self-,,op]at+ ,,temp]ature ,,controll]s ,uni=m process+1 an economic necessity 9 ! manufacture ( tomato products1 dep5ds ^u a uni=m temp]ature con/antly ma9ta9$ )9 ! cook]s4 ,fluctuat+ temp]atures1 common to h& regulation ( ! /eam inlet valves1 !re=e1 mu/ be elim9at$4 ,a simple solution is provid$ by in/all+ 8,,tag0 ,self-,op]at+ ,temp]ature ,controll]s--a device :i* requires no compress$ air & is s simple to op]ate t all ! workman ne$ d is to 8set0 ! controll] = ! desir$ temp]ature & 8=get x40 ,pa/euriz+1 /]iliz+1 etc41 to an effici5t degree c also be easily accompli%$ ) ^! anti-spoilage & self-pay+ controll]s4 ,= fur!r details ask = ,bullet9 ,t-#chf ,c4 ,j4 ,,tagliabue ,,mfg4 ,,co4 #ah-hh ,?irty-?ird ,/41 ,brooklyn1 ,n4 ,y4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,transcrib]',s ,,notes #a4 ,sil5tly correct$ typographical errors & v>iations 9 spell+4 #b4 ,ar*aic1 non-/&>d1 & unc]ta9 spell+s reta9$ z pr9t$4 #c4 ,enclos$ italics font 9 und]scores4 #d4 ,enclos$ bold font 9 equals4