,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer ,a ,weekly ,journal for ,,the ,,farm1 ,,orchard ,,and ,,fireside4 ,,established ,,in #ahda4 ,,entire ,,series3 ,,vol4 #ef--,,no4 #e4 ,,chicago1 ,,saturday1 ,,february #b1 #ahhd4 ,,price1 #b4jj ,,per ,,year1 ,,in ,,advance4 ,transcriber's ,note3 ,the ,table of ,contents was originally located on page #gb of the periodical4 ,it has been moved here for ease of use4 ,,the ,,contents ,,of ,,this ,,number4 ,,agriculture--,selection of a ,site for a ,park1 ,page #fe2 ,fresh ,meat for the ,farm1 #fe-ff2 ,farmers' ,communicative ,society1 #ff2 ,botany for ,farm ,boys1 #ff2 ,diogenes in ,his ,tub1 #ff2 ,how ,he ,likes ,dakota1 #ff2 ,the ,use of ,salt1 #ff-fg2 ,woven ,paling ,fences1 #fg2 ,illinois ,state ,fair1 #fg2 ,from ,central ,kansas1 #fg2 ,field and ,furrow ,items1 #fg4 ,,horticulture--,the ,farmer's ,garden1 ,page #gj2 ,our ,future ,orchards1 #gj-ga2 ,the ,model ,illinois ,nursery1 #ga2 ,the ,basket ,willow1 #ga4 ,,poultry ,,notes--,what ,ails the ,pullets8 ,page #gd2 ,that ,duck ,farm1 #gd2 ,from ,new ,hampshire1 #gd4 ,,the ,,apiary--,corn-silk ,protection1 ,page #gd2 ,feeding ,back1 #gd2 ,bee ,pasturage1 #gd4 ,,literature--,logic1 ,poem1 ,page #gh2 ,don't ,wait1 ,poem1 #gh2 ,the ,curfew ,heroine1 #gh2 ,items1 #gh4 ,,humorous--,old ,shoes1 ,poem1 ,page #gi2 ,an ,obstinate ,wife1 #gi2 ,wanted ,weather ,strips1 #gi2 ,it's a ,telephone1 #gi2 ,an ,emergency1 #gi2 ,items1 #gi4 ,,scientific--,the ,brilliant ,sunsets1 ,page #ge4 ,,live ,,stock--,items1 ,page #fh2 ,a ,scare in ,missouri1 #fh2 ,public ,sales of ,stock1 #fh2 ,remedy for ,foot-and-,mouth ,disease1 #fh4 ,,the ,,dairy--,the ,wisconsin ,dairymen1 ,page #fh-fi4 ,,editorial--,items1 ,page #gb2 ,mississippi ,valley ,horticultural ,society1 #gb2 ,when ,it is ,time to ,resign1 #gb2 ,locating the ,minnesota ,state ,fair1 #gb-gc2 ,wayside ,notes1 #gc2 ,letter from ,champaign1 #gc2 ,an ,eloquent ,tribute1 #gc2 ,selection of ,site for a ,park1 #gc4 ,,household--,an ,humble ,confession 7,poetry71 ,page #gf2 ,pyramidal ,women1 #gf2 ,give the ,babies ,water1 #gf2 ,work for ,little ,fingers1 #gf4 ,,young ,,folks--,the ,legend of the ,stork and the ,babies 7poetry71 ,page #gg2 ,a ,chat ,about ,halifax1 #gg2 ,the ,little ,legislatures1 #gg2 ,walking ,canes1 #gg2 ,items1 #gg4 ,,news ,,of ,,the ,,week--,page #hj4 ,,markets--,page #hj4 ,illustration3 ,,drexel ,,boulevard1 ,,chicago--,,designed ,,by ,h4 ,w4 ,s4 ,,cleveland4 ,,selection ,,of ,a ,,site ,,for ,a ,,park4 ,,by ,h4 ,w4 ,s4 ,,cleveland4 ,few persons think of a park as anything but a place of recreation1 a pleasure ground1 and an ornamental appendage of a city4 ,as a consequence1 if it is proposed to create a park in any city1 every suggestion that is offered in regard to its location is based upon the fact of its superior natural advantages2 its picturesque character2 its command of fine views1 or the features of attractive interest it combines4 ,without denying the value of any of these elements1 ,i wish to call attention to other objects which are rarely thought of1 and yet are deserving of careful consideration in determining the location4 ,almost every city comprises within its limits some portion of territory which is not adapted for business purposes1 and is not attractive to that class of inhabitants who can afford to choose the location of their residences4 ,such localities are at first left vacant1 but as population increases they are occupied first by squatters1 then by those who can afford nothing better1 and finally become the site of tenement houses1 or dens of resort for the worst class of human beings1 male and female1 that the city contains4 ,the original cause of the avoidance of the place may have been that it was low and subject to malarial influences1 or of such topographical character that it could only be adapted to residence purposes at very great cost4 ,in either of these cases it is obvious that the first cost of the land will be far less than that of a tract combining all the features which render it most attractive as a site for residences4 ,let us now consider some of the effects of improving such sites3 ,suppose the area to be low and wet1 an unsightly tract1 suggestive of chills and fever1 and too extensive for improvement by its individual owners4 ,instead of suffering it to become the plague spot and breeding place of moral and physical diseases1 as it certainly will if left to itself1 let the city purchase and improve it as a park1 first1 by thorough drainage1 and then by such artistic arrangement as shall make it an attractive resort1 and it is obvious that the result will be not only the securing of a charming place of recreation and ornament to the city1 but the conversion of a threatening danger to health1 into a chief source of its promotion4 ,the creation of such an improvement also invariably changes the character of its surroundings by rendering them desirable as residence sites1 and thus repaying the cost by the increased taxable value of adjacent property4 ,it often happens1 however1 that large areas are comprised within1 or adjacent to1 a city1 which even if unobjectionable on the score of health are not available for residence on account of their topographical character4 ,the site of the ,new ,york ,central ,park affords an illustration of my meaning3 ,at the time of its first inception in #aheg--the whole of that section of the city was a series of barren ledges of rocks of such forbidding nature that no individual proprietor could afford the expense of preparing an area for residence and providing himself with the simplest necessities of comfort4 ,the land had only a nominal value1 and its only occupants 7,continued on ,page #gc47 ,,fresh ,,meat ,,for ,,the ,,farm4 ,one of the greatest banes to the proper enjoyment of country life is the almost constant use of salt meats4 ,it is ham for breakfast1 salty1 oh1 how salty6 ,then for dinner it is salt pork1 boiled or fried4 ,then for supper a cold slice of ham1 or boiled cold shoulder1 varied a little by chipped dried beef1 which is within itself a 8piller of salt40 ,then it is drink1 drink1 from morning to night without abatement4 ,now1 ,i know the great difficulties that lay in the way of a farmer1 located miles from city or town1 to procure a daily supply of fresh meat from the markets1 to say nothing of the unbearable cost of such a proceeding to those who live close enough to market to procure a daily supply4 ,just think of it2 we sell our beef cattle to the butcher for1 say three cents on foot1 and pay for the article on the hook from twelve and a half to twenty cents per pound1 and our mutton and pork in the same ratio4 ,it is not my purpose1 in this article1 to show the relative losses and profits in these transactions1 but to show my brother farmers how they can have fresh meat on their tables every day of the year1 and every meal of each day if they will1 and that at their own first cost prices4 ,this plan of mine is not new2 yet1 ,i am safe in saying that it is not practiced by one per cent of the farmers in the nation4 ,why is this8 ,ignorance of the way to do it4 ,it can be nothing else4 ,for there is less labor and work attending the process of preserving the meats put up for home consumption1 by keeping them fresh1 than there is by salting1 smoking1 wrapping in canvas1 and packing away1 as now practiced4 ,a second great advantage is1 that the curing of meats in a fresh state can be accomplished at any season of the year1 no matter how hot1 and that without ice4 ,then1 a third consideration is the saving of labor to the farmer's family during the hot sweltering summer months1 in fact1 all through the year4 ,to enable any person to understand the matter1 ,i will explain by briefly stating what we are now doing in the way of preparing our fresh meat for next summer's use4 ,in the first place1 we have as many lard or pork barrels as will be necessary to hold a supply of meat for the family4 ,these barrels are clean1 sweet1 and tight1 one end taken out4 ,they are arranged on a bench in the cellar1 open end up4 ,the pigs are killed and cooled in the usual way4 ,when the animal heat is all out they are cut up1 cutting off the sausage and lard1 the lard cut up ready to be rendered out4 ,the shoulders and sides are then cut up into such sized pieces as may be convenient for table use4 ,these pieces are washed cleanly1 and boiled in large kettles1 seasoned with salt and pepper to make palatable1 and when sufficiently boiled for table use they are placed in a barrel closely together1 but not pressed or mashed1 thus leaving each piece as near in the shape cut as possible4 ,when the barrel is filled within two inches of the top1 we then pour in warm lard until all the crevices between the pieces of meat are filled up1 covering the top with one or two inches of the warm lard4 ,next day we find that the lard has settled down2 we fill up again to the top and keep filled until all has become a solid mass of meat and lard4 ,this is the whole secret4 ,you can fill any tight vessel from a one gallon jar to a forty-five gallon barrel in like manner1 and if properly done1 and kept in a cool place the meat will keep fresh and sweet the year round4 ,the advantages of this process of keeping meat are manifold4 ,you can kill a fat hog at any season of the year1 and its own fat can preserve it1 and the fat can be used for culinary purposes just the same as when put up in cans for home use4 ,the shoulders can be thus prepared1 and when cold are far superior to salt meat1 even after being boiled4 ,the sides when cut in square pieces1 with the ribs on1 are just as good as when cooked fresh in the fall of the year4 ,hams1 whole1 when well cooked and seasoned1 retain all their sweetness1 and that without being impaired by the excess of salt necessary to keep them4 ,then1 there is no trouble with flies1 bugs1 or skippers2 the meat remains sweet1 wholesome1 and palatable until the last piece is taken from the bottom4 ,all the care necessary in taking the pieces from the barrel is to press the lard down closely over what is left1 and thus exclude the air4 ,there are two great advantages in this mode of keeping meat2 one is1 it is fresh1 easily digested1 and consequently more healthy1 and decidedly more pleasant to the taste2 and it does not create that burning thirst that is so hard to quench on a hot harvest day4 ,then it is always ready for table use1 and that without requiring your wives1 daughters1 and house help to melt over a hot stove when the mercury is up among the nineties1 a no small saving in threshing time4 ,the only great drawback that ,i have found to this plan is1 that ,i can eat twice the amount that ,i can of salted meats2 and1 therefore1 it requires double the quantity for family use than under the salting process2 but ,i am persuaded that the difference is made up in better health1 and smaller doctor bills4 ,try it on a small scale1 and you will always follow it4 ,a4 ,r4 ,,cape ,,girardeau1 ,,mo4 ,,farmers' ,,communicative ,,society4 ,i am now fifty-five years old and have always lived in a good agricultural country4 ,having had no rich friends to draw on for supplies ,i have had to look to ,mother ,earth for my living4 ,hence ,i feel that ,i should pay homage to the ,great ,creator of all things for that fair capacity which has enabled me to select good lands and grow crops well adapted to the soils4 ,while my work has been arduous in the main1 ,i have not felt it drudgery4 ,in fact1 my farm has not only furnished me a good living1 but in its productions and developments ,i have been highly entertained4 ,i am not different from most of my fellowmen4 ,i like to manage and dictate1 and have my own way4 ,i manage so as to bring my lands into subjection4 ,i do it by making them better4 ,i cultivate and dress them until they look better and feel better1 and ,i know they are better4 ,when ,i plant my crops ,i give them such attention that it seems they have every confidence that ,i will remove all obstructions to hinder their growth1 and the young and tender plants seem to avail themselves of the situation and spring up as by magic4 ,in their prosperity ,i rejoice4 ,i take a half dozen farm journals and a few newspapers so as to learn what others are doing without going from my home1 especially in the winter season4 ,for ,i find that when ,i go from home ,i can't always get delicious fruits and vegetables that ,i have learned to be so fond of in my riper years4 ,now ,i come to a point where ,i will venture a proposition to my brother farmers3 ,that we organize a--well ,i don't know just what to name it1 but say ,farmers ,communicative ,society4 ,i mean by this that we select some farm journal that seems most fitting and send in our names and addresses1 agreeing to write once a month a short and candid statement of our plans and successes and failures in our agricultural and horticultural pursuits4 ,i am of course intending to get the best of the bargain as ,i always try to do in business4 ,but it must be apparent to all that we1 as farmers1 can be more benefited by commingling our interests together in the developments of the farm1 and learn from one another in a few years what it will take each one of us a whole life time to learn in case we continue to 8go it alone0 as in olden times4 ,now ,mr4 ,editor1 ,i think you can afford to second the motion to help organize these practical old farmers and get them to write for your journal4 ,i feel that we can give your readers many practical ideas of benefit to all1 and you agree to clothe our crude thoughts and make them appear intelligent before the public1 so that no one need be embarrassed to 8speak out in meetin'40 ,now the benefits to be derived from an association to communicate through the paper are to my mind much greater than from conventions4 ,all admit that farmers' conventions have accomplished great good in the different interests1 and that they are indispensable4 ,i am indebted to these conventions for much of my success in farm life4 ,but ,i conclude that as great good1 or even greater good1 can be accomplished at much less cost4 ,for a few hundred farmers can communicate to each other through a good farm paper like ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer1 so paged that it can be filed for future reference1 and we can1 as it were1 have our meetings every week at our homes and with our families1 and impress the lessons upon our children's tender minds so they will not have to wait until they are of mature age before hearing discussions as to the best modes practiced in agriculture and horticulture4 ,i have felt in attending these conventions like asking those old veterans who must soon pass away1 where are the young men of our country8 ,for very few seem to attend these interesting gatherings4 ,another reason why ,i suggest we adopt ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer is1 that ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer ,,company sends to each of their patrons a large map of the ,united ,states1 which would enable us to know the exact locality of parties giving useful information1 which is always more satisfactory4 ,now ,i am always trying new things and looking after new industries1 and ,i have made a great many observations1 some of which ,i shall promise to give in farmers' communications1 in case we can get a fair start so as to get others to give me their observations1 for that is my prime object1 as ,i stated in the outset4 ,i am like my ,irish friend 8,i want a little more than ,i give40 ,i am developing our sweets in ,kansas4 ,i have also the finest fruits of the land and succeeded in both1 and ,i will tell how ,i did it4 ,j4 ,h4 ,w4 ,,pomona1 ,,kan4 ,,botany ,,for ,,farm ,,boys4 ,this time ,i would like to call your attention to the subject of botany4 ,it might seem rather odd at this time of year1 but you know that the farmers have more time now than in summer to read ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer4 ,it is better for the farmer's boys to become acquainted with the laws of nature than to spend their time in reading novels1 or other books1 which bring them little information4 ,a little knowledge of the nature of plants is worth infinitely more to the farmer's son or daughter1 or even to the farmer himself1 because it has special relation to his calling4 ,and in order to obtain a practical knowledge it is best to study the plants themselves1 their structure1 their habitat and peculiarity of growth1 etc41 and in order to do so1 it is best to have some apparatus for the purpose1 requisite for the accomplishment of this object4 ,the student in botanical science should give early and persevering attention to the collection and preservation of specimens of as many species of plants as he can procure4 ,the advantages to be derived from such collections1 either in refreshing the memory by reviewing them1 or in instituting a more thorough examination at one's leisure1 are such as will afford an abundant compensation for all the labor requisite in preparing them4 ,such a collection of dried specimens of plants is called an herbarium1 or by the more significant title1 hortus siccus 7dry garden74 ,the apparatus requisite for the accomplishment of this object is1 first1 a close tin box1 twenty inches in length1 and of a portable form2 second1 a portable press1 consisting of two boards of light material1 twelve by eighteen inches1 opening and shutting by hinges1 like the cover of a book1 and secured by springs 7even a large book is a good substitute72 third1 a quantity of smooth1 bibulous paper1 of large size 7a dozen or more quires of printing paper72 fourth1 eight or ten boards of the same size as the paper2 fifth1 a small screw press1 or several lead weights of various sizes1 from fifteen to thirty pounds each4 ,in gathering plants for this purpose1 or specimens1 as they are called1 the smaller and herbaceous plants should be taken up with a portion of the roots1 while from larger plants there should be selected a shoot1 with complete representations of the leaves and flowers4 ,they may be preserved for several days1 without withering1 in the tin box1 or they may at once be laid between several thicknesses of the paper and inclosed in the portable press4 ,it is always desirable that they be gathered on a dry day2 if not they should be freed from dampness before being committed to the paper and press4 ,in drying the specimens1 great care is required1 that they may preserve well their natural appearance1 form1 and color4 ,it is generally recommended that they be carefully spread out1 as nearly in their natural position as possible1 between eight or ten thicknesses of paper1 and then submitted to pressure between the boards4 ,the degree of pressure should never be such as to crush their parts1 and may be easily regulated by the screw1 or by the number and size of the weights used4 ,cotton-batting may be used to equalize the pressure4 ,as often as once a day they should be taken from the press1 transferred to fresh and dry paper1 and returned1 until they are thoroughly dried1 when they are ready to be transferred to the cabinet4 ,the true secret of preserving specimens with all their colors is to extract the moisture from them by pressure in an abundance of dry1 bibulous paper as soon as possible4 ,the next object with the collector is the arrangement of his specimens4 ,for this purpose each one is first to be fastened to a sheet of firm white paper1 about ten by eighteen inches1 either by glue or with loops of paper of the same kind1 or they may be stitched to the paper with a fine needle4 ,the latter mode1 if done skillfully1 is preferable4 ,then let all those specimens which belong to the same genus be collected together and placed within a folded sheet of colored paper1 with the name of the genus and each species written on the outside4 ,each sheet should also be labeled with the names of the plants1 the locality1 time of gathering1 habits1 etc41 etc4 ,the genera are next to be collected together into orders1 each order being wrapped or folded in a still larger sheet1 of a different color from that which enfolds the genera1 having the name of the order with a catalogue of its genera on the outside4 ,thus arranged1 the orders are to be laid away upon the shelves of a cabinet1 or packed in a chest4 ,to protect the plants from the attack of insects pieces of camphor gum are to be laid among them1 or a piece of sponge saturated with the oil of turpentine4 ,to save them from decay they should be kept dry and well ventilated4 ,fruits and seeds which are too large to be pressed with the plants1 and also truncheons of wood1 are to be pressed separately in a cabinet4 ,in the above ,i have closely followed the directions of ,professor ,wood in his excellent work on ,botany1 which would prove a profitable pastime for those desiring to improve their knowledge in this direction4 ,h4 ,a4 ,p4 ,,wessberge4 ,,diogenes ,,in ,,his ,,tub4 ,diogenes in this desires to call the attention of all readers of ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer to what he deems a very important subject and a great wrong--one to which they have heretofore seemed strangely indifferent4 ,the papers teem of late years with accounts of sharks passing about among farmers and others1 and under various pretences1 obtaining their signatures to documents1 innocent in themselves--but which eventually turn up as notes of hand in possession of third persons4 ,and the result 7it is always so stated7 is1 that the note is collectable and has to be paid4 ,and the papers with one voice unite in warning their readers against using their signature in such a way4 ,now1 ,messrs4 ,editors1 and fellow readers1 is it possible that there is such a principle in our laws--common or statute--that makes such a thing possible2 that legalizes such a fraud8 ,if so1 it is not only unsafe for a man to sign a contract of any sort1 but to write a letter to a friend4 ,and while ,i am loth to believe there is any statute justifying it1 ,i feel sure there is no common law principle that will sustain it2 or if there is1 it is a relic of barbarism that common sense and common justice ought long since to have swept into oblivion4 ,the theory seems to be acquiesced in on the ground that innocent parties must not be made to suffer4 ,but this theory will not hold good4 ,thousands of cases occur in which innocent persons do1 and are compelled by law and by right as well1 to suffer loss from just such frauds4 ,a rogue may steal or borrow my horse and sell him to a neighbor1 who buys in good faith4 ,the law1 and right and justice1 instead of compelling me to lose my animal1 permits me to replevy him and take him home1 and my neighbor pockets his loss4 ,and this is done daily over the land without objection2 and we hear no newspaper cautions to the 8gullible0 farmers not to lend horses4 ,so with every other species of property2 one can take his own legally wherever he may find it--in the hands of a rogue or of an innocent purchaser4 ,it is strange to me that this thing has been permitted to go on so long unchallenged4 ,i do not know whether the courts have ever sustained such a principle2 if they have1 unless there be much more cogent reason for it than ,i can conceive of1 the sooner it is reversed the better for honest men and good government4 ,will you allow me1 through your widely read pages1 to earnestly call the attention of your readers to the subject matter--and not only your readers1 but your cotemporaries of the agricultural press as well4 ,let the principle be ventilated4 ,,diogenes4 ,,how ,,he ,,likes ,,dakota4 ,in passing through ,chicago last spring on my way to ,dakota1 ,i called at your office and paid for ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer4 ,the gentleman in the office requested me to write you about ,dakota4 ,i have delayed doing so until now to learn about the winters here1 and as it is now on hand1 ,i write4 ,the last half of ,december and the first half of ,january we had the cold wave1 the mercury going below zero from #h to #dj deg4 ,we have from six to seven inches of snow on the level4 ,thermometer now ranging from #aj below to #bj above4 ,we have had some windy days that make the snow fly4 ,i was in ,illinois before leaving for ,dakota some forty-five years1 and ,i did not in all that time see a more pleasant winter2 but a very few days that a man could not be at work if he choose4 ,the wind is no harder nor more frequent than in ,illinois--just the same as near as could be made4 ,now for the land1 etc43 ,here in ,brown county1 about twelve to fifteen miles from the #df parallel 7south7 the land is nicely rolling1 just about as any one would wish4 ,there is very little choice in location1 only as distance from railway stations4 ,the soil is black sandy loam1 good for small grain1 and1 judging from experiment in sod corn1 we can raise corn and a good crop mature if put in in good season1 and of an early variety4 ,i never say anything against ,illinois4 ,it is good enough1 and ,dakota is just as good1 and in one-quarter of the time that ,illinois was in developing1 ,dakota will be up even with her1 the facilities being far in advance of those of early ,illinois4 ,then we had to team all of our wheat into ,chicago by wagon for nearly twenty years before we had a canal or railroad4 ,but here we have the railroads to start with1 and if emigration is as large next spring as it was the last there will not be a foot of land to be located4 ,there is not a quarter section left now in ,brown county1 unless it has been overlooked4 ,towns are growing up as fast as toad-stools in summer4 ,we are located six miles from ,frederick 7#fjj inhabitants71 seven miles from ,west ,port 7#bjj71 ten miles from ,ordway 7#ejj71 twenty miles from ,aberdeen 7#b1jjj71 twenty from ,columbia 7#a1jjj71 county seat4 ,the land is watered about the same as ,illinois1 with the elm and maple along the ,jim river4 ,for wells we dig from twenty-five to forty feet and get the best of water4 ,i think ,dakota as good a place for a young man of small means as can be found4 ,there are some counties where the land has not been surveyed yet1 where good location may be made4 ,our crops were short last year in ,brown county1 caused by a short time of dry weather in ,june1 just as the wheat and oats were in blossom1 at which time these crops require rain in order to 8fill0 well4 ,the only drawback we have is in the matter of fuel as yet4 ,soft coal sells at from #g to #h per ton3 hard1 #ab to #ac4 ,dry-goods and groceries are as low as in ,illinois4 ,lumber from #b to #d higher4 ,our vegetables can not be beaten4 ,just a thing or two more4 ,i want to ask you what are the best kinds of timber for us to put out on our tree claims4 ,will the black walnuts1 black and white oaks do well as far north as we are8 ,how will the ,scotch and ,norway pines do8 ,i wish to put out such timber as will make good lumber when grown4 ,cotton wood1 box elder1 etc41 will just answer the law1 that is about all4 ,a4 ,j4 ,,foord1 ,,brown ,,co41 ,,dakota4 ,,the ,,use ,,of ,,salt4 ,in ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer of ,january #eth1 in report of ,illinois ,horticultural ,society1 ,mr4 ,earle is made to say he used salt on asparagus and it killed the weeds and most of the asparagus4 ,this is different from my limited experience2 ,i have used lake salt at the rate of one ton to the acre and did not kill either weeds or asparagus4 ,i am now making arrangements to use about three and one-half tons to the acre from the refuse of pork packing houses4 ,will ,mr4 ,earle please give particulars in ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer3 ,the kind of salt1 time of year it was used1 amount per acre1 nature of soil1 etc4 ,by so doing he will confer a favor on many readers4 ,s4 ,p4 ,,terre ,,haute1 ,,ind4 ,,woven ,,paling ,,fence4 ,a ,washington firm of patent solicitors write us1 as we suppose they have all the agricultural papers1 warning readers against persons claiming of them a fee of #ejj and upwards for alleged infringements of a patent upon a so-called 8,wire and ,picket ,fence40 ,our informants say that1 8,it is quite true that there are a number of patents for wire and picket fences1 or so-called #8woven paling fences1' but all these patents are limited in their claims to the detailed construction of the woven fence1 and there is no broad patent on this class of fence4 ,indeed it was invented as long ago as #ahbi1 when ,chauncy ,hall1 of ,meriden1 ,ct41 on ,november #bgth1 of that year1 obtained the first patent for a wire and paling fence4 ,all recent applications for patents which have endeavored to claim the woven fence broadly have been rejected1 as we find by an examination of the records of the ,united ,states ,patent ,office1 on the old patent to ,james ,moore1 of ,pittsburg1 ,pa41 for a woven picket fence1 which was granted ,june #cj1 #aheg1 and therefore1 expired in #ahga1 so that it is now public property4 ,there is another patent of the same year granted to ,j4 ,b4 ,reyman1 of ,bloomington1 ,ill41 ,no4 #ah1cja1 dated ,september #bi1 #aheg1 which1 also1 shows a paling and wire fence1 or picket and wire fence4 ,this patent has1 also1 been frequently cited as a reference against applications of subsequent patentees who endeavor to claim broadly the invention of the combined wire and picket fence4 ,in #ahdi1 one1 ,lucius ,leavenworth1 obtained a patent for a method of constructing a fence by fastening pickets or palings upon the wires by means of a series of links formed on the connecting wires and adapted to receive or hold the pickets or palings4 ,all of these patents have long ago expired1 and are now public property1 so that no person can claim to have a broad patent on the1 so-called1 woven picket fence1 and any man who1 by virtue of a pretended claim covering broadly that class of fences1 asserts such a right may be put down as an impostor1 and should receive treatment as such4 ,of late years a number of patents have been granted for this class of fences1 but1 as soon stated1 the claims of all these patents are confined to the detailed construction of the fence1 i4e41 the precise weaving of the pickets between the wires4 ,a number of machines have1 also1 been patented for constructing this kind of fence1 one of the first being that which was patented by ,fletcher on ,nov4 #ag1 #ahfh40 ,we have heard of no trouble from these patent agents in the ,west1 but give our readers for what it is worth the information vouchsafed by the ,washington firm4 ,,illinois ,,state ,,fair4 ,this fair1 as we have before announced1 begins at ,chicago on the #hth of ,september4 ,the ,superintendents of ,departments for #ahhd are as follows3 ,class ,a1 ,cattle1 ,mr4 ,reynolds2 ,class ,b1 ,horses1 ,mr4 ,lewis2 ,class ,c1 ,sheep1 ,mr4 ,vittum2 ,class ,d1 ,hogs1 ,mr4 ,gore2 ,class ,e1 ,poultry1 ,mr4 ,griffith2 ,class ,f1 ,mechanics1 ,mr4 ,chester2 ,class ,g1 ,farm ,products1 ,mr4 ,skeavington2 ,class ,h1 ,horticulture1 ,mr4 ,haskell2 ,class ,i1 ,fine ,arts1 ,mr4 ,pearce2 ,class ,k1 ,textile ,fabrics1 ,mr4 ,savage2 ,class ,l1 ,science and ,education1 ,mr4 ,rush2 ,class ,m1 ,speed1 ,mr4 ,lewis2 ,class ,n1 ,farm ,machinery1 ,mr4 ,schuttler2 ,marshal of the ,ring1 ,mr4 ,judy2 ,superintendent of ,grounds1 ,mr4 ,gillham2 of ,forage and ,stalls1 ,mr4 ,virgin2 of ,press ,department1 ,mr4 ,david2 of ,permits and ,privileges1 ,mr4 ,washburn2 of ,purchasing ,department1 ,mr4 ,pullen2 of ,gates and ,tickets1 ,mr4 ,dysart4 ,auditors1 ,messrs4 ,funk1 ,pearce and ,david2 ,committee on ,reception1 ,fair--,messrs4 ,landrigan1 ,scott1 ,gillham1 ,reynolds1 ,judy1 ,pearce1 ,washburn and ,vittum2 ,com4 on ,arrangement1 ,fair1 ,messrs4 ,landrigan1 ,scott1 ,gillham1 ,reynolds1 ,vittum1 ,gore1 ,haskell1 ,pullen1 ,dysart1 ,washburn1 ,lewis1 ,virgin1 ,schuttler and ,fisher2 ,com4 of ,arrangements1 ,fat ,stock ,show1 ,messrs4 ,landrigan1 ,gillham1 ,reynolds1 ,gore1 ,pullen1 ,dysart1 ,vittum1 ,funk1 ,virgin1 ,schuttler1 ,savage1 ,scott1 ,washburn and ,judy2 ,com4 on ,printing1 ,messrs4 ,savage1 ,dysart and ,fisher2 ,com4 on ,finance1 ,messrs4 ,pearce1 ,pullen1 ,gore1 ,lewis and ,chester2 ,com4 on ,crop ,reports1 ,messrs4 ,gore1 ,david1 ,skeavington and ,fisher2 ,com4 on ,agricultural and ,industrial ,education1 ,messrs4 ,scott1 ,reynolds1 ,washburn1 ,david and ,rush2 ,com4 on ,museum1 ,messrs4 ,gillham1 ,scott1 ,haskell and ,savage2 ,com4 on ,library1 ,messrs4 ,haskell1 ,rush and ,fisher2 ,com4 on ,transportation1 ,messrs4 ,landrigan1 ,vittum1 ,judy1 ,schuttler1 ,griffith and ,fisher4 ,jury on ,pedigrees1 ,class ,a1 ,messrs4 ,reynolds1 ,dysart1 ,judy1 ,funk and ,skeavington2 ,class ,b1 ,messrs4 ,lewis1 ,virgin1 ,griffith1 ,pearce and ,chester4 ,the same arrangement of ,superintendents and ,committees is followed in the management of the ,fat ,stock ,show which takes place at ,chicago in ,november4 ,,from ,,central ,,kansas4 ,mild1 open winter in this the central part of ,kansas4 ,very little cold weather4 ,wheat and rye looking fine1 and very large acreage sown the past season4 ,stock doing finely2 but little fodder used as yet4 ,in about ten days plowing will begin4 ,we need more settlers of energy and thrift to fill up the large scope of unoccupied lands4 ,no homestead lands here but plenty railroad lands yet for sale4 ,the price ranges from #d to #h per acre on long time1 with a discount for cash or short time4 ,we have good water and grass1 and plenty of the finest limestone building rock4 ,this is a good place for a man of small means to get a home4 ,having been here six years ,i know whereof ,i speak4 ,in ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer of ,january #e1 #ahhd1 ,i noticed an article on ,meadow ,oat ,grass1 by ,j4 ,w4 ,robson4 ,i would like to know where the seed can be obtained4 ,j4 ,d4 ,,mc4 ,p4 ,,alliance1 ,,boston ,,co41 ,,kans4 --,we presume you can get the grass seed from all our reliable seedsmen4 ,in a few days ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer will doubtless be favored with plenty of their advertisements4--,,ed4 ,,field ,,and ,,furrow4 ,secretary ,w4 ,a4 ,armstrong reports that all the kinds of commercial fertilizers applied to the alluvial soils cultivated by members of the ,elmira ,club proved in every instance to be 8practically worthless40 ,the best that can be said is that 8some of them used on uplands in which clay is a constituent1 have fair probability1 at least1 of yielding satisfactory returns40 ,at the ,mississippi ,valley ,cane-,growers' meeting at ,st4 ,louis1 delegates from ,illinois1 ,iowa1 ,kansas1 ,nebraska1 and ,michigan gave their experiences in growing cane and making sirups4 ,in ,illinois1 ,kansas1 and ,nebraska good results were generally obtained1 but the season was bad in other ,states and expectations were not realized4 ,all concurred1 however1 in the belief that the cultivation of sorghum was a good thing1 and would yield handsome profits4 ,the ,new ,york ,tribune3 ,the animated discussion of the subject at the recent meeting of the ,connecticut ,board was unfavorable to ensilage4 ,exhibition of a sample of clover put in a silo when wet called out the query whether it was fed to cows to make ,limburger cheese4 ,one reporter says it 8fairly howled0 through the ,city ,hall1 echoing and reverberating a fearful smell4 ,president ,james ,a4 ,bell1 of the ,state ,agricultural ,society1 is quoted as declaring that the free talk of the occasion 8will save the farmers thousands of dollars by keeping them out of the silo system40 ,at which end should a hoe-handle be the larger8 ,at which end should a pitch-fork be the larger8 ,it is not every farmer that thinks of these things until his attention is called to them4 ,as ,mr4 ,j4 ,j4 ,thomas remarks1 the laborer who makes with a common hoe #b1jjj strokes every hour should not wield a needless ounce4 ,if any part is heavier than needed even to the amount of half an ounce only1 he must lift this needless half ounce #b1jjj times every hour4 ,a hoe-handle should be smallest near the hoe and largest near the other end2 a pitch-fork handle the reverse4 ,oughtn't it8 ,a member of the ,oxford 7,ohio7 ,farmers' ,club recently said3 ,we know something how soil was made1 if we do not know much4 ,the soils in the forests and untilled lands are better than they were a century ago1 or in the days of our fathers2 but1 alas1 it is not so with the soils man has cultivated4 ,he thinks the term 8cultivating0 means to improve1 make better4 ,we may make our soils better1 but so few do that that we ought never to use the term 8cultivating the soil40 ,we harass1 and torture1 and murder1 and starve the soil4 ,by withholding more than is meet we rob our best friend4 ,new ,york ,times3 ,tobacco is a universal insecticide4 ,it kills ticks upon sheep2 the troublesome scab insect2 its related species which produces mange and itch2 lice1 fleas1 and all other insect parasites which infest and annoy animals2 and root-lice1 leaf-lice1 and all other pests which injure plants4 ,just at this season an application of fine tobacco dust or snuff may be used effectively to relieve calves and fowls from the vermin which keeps them poor and wretched1 and a decoction of tobacco1 applied to house or greenhouse plants with a brush1 will destroy the pestiferous green fly and all other insects which infest them4 ,the same liquid may also be poured around the roots of house plants that are infested with the small white worms which are the larv of a small black fly that may be found in the pots and upon the soil in them4 ,the town of ,amenia1 in ,dutchess county1 ,n4 ,y41 has tried1 with marked success1 the plan of keeping a force of four or five men at work on highways through most of the year under the supervision of an experienced and skillful builder of roads1 who gives his attention constantly to the work4 ,every part of the seventy-five miles of highway in the town is in good condition1 and the expense of keeping it so has been much less than it could have been by the old method4 ,the new plan has greatly relieved the farmers1 who have not been called to work on the roads at a time when other duties demanded their attention4 ,new ,york has a law which directs that the voters of any town may elect to adopt this plan of hiring a force of men and a competent commissioner to make and keep in repair the roads of their town1 but the plan1 once adopted1 must be followed for not less than three years4 ,it has been found that by the method described the roads have been kept in better condition than ever before1 and that the cost of the work has actually been less than that of road-making by the old way4 ,correspondent ,ohio ,farmer3 ,in #ahhb ,i raised a piece of ,hubbard squashes4 ,the ground was manured very heavily with rich rotten compost1 probably at the rate of fifty tons or more per acre4 ,it is necessary to make the land very rich to succeed with this crop1 but that isn't the point ,i am after4 ,that same land last year was planted with potatoes1 and it was there that they rolled out so large and numerous as to yield at the rate of #ejj bushels per acre4 ,just over the fence1 on a part of another lot1 where no manure had been applied for many years1 there were only #bjj bushels per acre4 ,difference in soil and kinds of potatoes might account for some of this great variation in yield1 but ,i think it fair to say that #bjj bushels per acre of the best yield was owing to the manure put on the ground for squashes the previous year4 ,the potatoes were none of them sold for less than forty cents a bushel1 so we have at least #hj per acre cash benefit from that heavy manuring the second year1 to say nothing of #bdj an acre which the squashes brought4 ,it was1 of course1 a little more trouble to pick up and market the larger crop1 but enough of the potatoes were sold for over forty cents per bushel to pay for that4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,brown',s ,,bronchial ,,troches for ,coughs and ,colds3 8,there is nothing to be compared with them40--,rev4 ,o4 ,d4 ,watkins1 ,walton1 ,ind4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the difficulty with most people is that they want to sit in the sunshine and have good fortune come tumbling into their laps4 ,nature is an odd dame1 however1 and does not give even half a loaf to a man who can do his own loafing4 ,you must get your spindle and distaff ready and then ,providence will send you the flax to spin4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,miscellaneous4 ,cheapest ,farms for ,sale in ,illinois4 ,,best ,,fruit ,,region ,,in ,,the ,,state4 ,send for my ,list of ,farms and timbered ,lands for sale4 ,,dewitt ,c4 ,,smith1 ,land ,agent4 ,stone ,fort1 ,saline ,co41 ,illinois4 ,when you write mention ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illustration ,print ,your ,own ,cards ,labels1 ,envelopes1 etc4 with our #c ,,printing ,,press4 ,larger sizes for circulars1 etc41 #h to #ge4 ,for pleasure1 money making1 young or old4 ,everything easy1 printed instructions4 ,send #b stamps for ,catalogue of ,presses1 ,type1 ,cards1 etc41 to the factory4 ,,kelsey ,,co41 ,,meriden1 ,,conn4 99 99 99 99 99 ,first-,class ,plants ,,of ,,best ,,varieties ,,of ,,small ,,fruits4 ,catalogues free4 ,address ,o4 ,b4 ,,galusha1 ,peoria1 ,ill4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illustration ,we will send you a watch or a chain ,,by ,,mail ,,or ,,express1 ,c4,o4,d41 to be examined before paying any money and if not satisfactory1 returned at our expense4 ,we manufacture all our watches and save you #cj per cent4 ,catalogue of #bej styles free4 ,,every ,,watch ,,warranted4 ,,address ,,standard ,,american ,,watch ,,co41 ,,pittsburgh1 ,,pa4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illustration ,,farm ,,machinery1 ,etc4 ,,great ,,saving ,,for ,,farmers4 ,,the ,lightning ,hay ,knife6 7,,weymouth',s ,,patent47 ,illustration ,awarded 8,,first ,,order ,,of ,merit0 at ,melbourne ,exhibition1 #ahhj4 ,was awarded the ,,first ,,premium at the ,international ,exhibition in ,philadelphia1 #ahgf1 and accepted by the ,judges as ,,superior ,,to ,,any ,,other ,,knife ,,in ,,use4 ,it is the ,,best ,,knife in the world to cut fine feed from bale1 to cut down mow or stack1 to cut corn-stalks for feed1 to cut peat1 or for ditching in marshes1 and has no equal for cutting ensilage from the silo4 ,,try ,,it4 ,,it ,,will ,,pay ,,you4 ,manufactured only by ,,hiram ,,holt ,,co41 ,east ,wilton1 ,me41 ,u4,s4,a4 ,for sale by ,hardware ,merchants and the trade generally 99 99 99 99 99 ,illustration ,,chicago ,,scale ,,co4 #b ,,ton ,,wagon ,,scale1 #dj4 #c ,,ton1 #ej4 #d ,ton #fj1 ,beam ,box ,included4 #bdj lb4 ,,farmer',s ,,scale1 #e4 ,the 8,little ,detective10 oz4 to #be lb4 #c4 #cjj ,,other ,,sizes4 ,reduced ,,price ,,list ,,free4 ,illustration ,,forges1 ,,tools1 c4 ,,best ,,forge ,,made ,,for ,,light ,,work1 #aj4 #dj lb4 ,anvil and ,kit of ,tools1 #aj4 ,farmers save time and money doing odd jobs4 ,blowers1 ,anvils1 ,vices ,other ,articles ,,at ,,lowest ,,prices1 ,,wholesale ,,retail4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,champion ,,baling ,,presses4 ,illustration ,a ,ton per ,hour4 ,run by two men and one team4 ,loads #aj to #ae tons in car4 ,send for descriptive circular with prices1 to ,,gehrt ,,co41 #baf1 #bah and #bbj ,maine ,st41 ,quincy1 ,ill4 99 99 99 99 99 8,,the ,,best ,,is ,,the ,,cheapest40 ,,engines1 ,,saw ,,mills1 ,,threshers1 ,,horse ,,powers1 7,for all sections and purposes47 ,write for ,,free ,pamphlet and ,prices to ,the ,aultman ,taylor ,co41 ,mansfield1 ,ohio4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,miscellaneous4 ,,life ,,loans ,,at #d ,,per ,,cent4 ,illustration ,principal need never be paid so long as interest is kept up4 ,illustration ,no security required except for interest1 and then only personal4 ,these loans are for poor or men of moderate means1 in amounts of #ajj1 #ejj ,,for ,,life4 ,send a cent for particulars4 ,w4 ,,roberts1 ,manager1 #aie ,w4 #e,,th ,,st4 ,,cincinnati1 ,o4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,to ,,preserve ,,the ,,health ,use the ,magneton ,appliance ,co4's ,,magnetic ,,lung ,,protector6 ,,price ,,only #e4 ,they are priceless to ,,ladies1 ,,gentlemen1 and ,,children with ,,weak ,,lungs2 no case of ,,pneumonia ,,or ,,croup is ever known where these garments are worn4 ,they also prevent and cure ,,heart ,,difficulties1 ,,colds1 ,,rheumatism1 ,,neuralgia1 ,,throat ,,troubles1 ,,diphtheria1 ,,catarrh1 ,,and ,,all ,,kindred ,,diseases4 ,will ,,wear any service for ,,three ,,years4 ,are worn over the under-clothing4 ,,catarrh1 ,it is needless to describe the symptoms of this nauseous disease that is sapping the life and strength of only too many of the fairest and best of both sexes4 ,labor1 study1 and research in ,america1 ,europe1 and ,eastern lands1 have resulted in the ,magnetic ,lung ,protector1 affording cure for ,catarrh1 a remedy which contains ,no ,drugging of the ,system1 and with the continuous stream of ,magnetism permeating through the afflicted organs1 ,,must ,,restore ,,them ,,to ,a ,,healthy ,,action4 ,,we ,,place ,,our ,,price for this ,appliance at less than one-twentieth of the price asked by others for remedies upon which you take all the chances1 and ,,we ,,especially ,,invite the patronage of the ,,many ,,persons who have tried ,,drugging ,,their ,,stomachs ,,without ,,effect4 ,,how ,,to ,,obtain ,this ,appliance4 ,go to your druggist and ask for them4 ,if they have not got them1 write to the proprietors1 enclosing the price1 in letter at our risk1 and they will be sent to you at once by mail1 post paid4 ,send stamp for the 8,new ,departure in ,medical ,treatment ,,without ,,medicine10 with thousands of testimonials1 ,,the ,,magneton ,,appliance ,,co41 #bah ,state ,street1 ,chicago1 ,ill4 ,,note4--,send one dollar in postage stamps or currency 7in letter at our risk7 with size of shoe usually worn1 and try a pair of our ,magnetic ,insoles1 and be convinced of the power residing in our ,magnetic ,appliances4 ,positively no cold feet where they are worn1 or money refunded4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,consumption4 ,i have a positive remedy for the above disease2 by its use thousands of cases of the worst kind and of long standing have been cured4 ,indeed1 so strong is my faith in its efficacy1 that ,i will send ,,two ,,bottles ,,free1 together with a ,,valuable ,,treatise on this disease1 to any sufferer4 ,give ,express ,p4,o4 address4 ,,dr4 ,t4,a4 ,,slocum1 #aha ,pearl ,st41 ,n4,y4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,self ,,cure ,,free ,nervous ,lost ,weakness ,debility ,manhood and ,decay ,a favorite prescription of a noted specialist 7now retired47 ,druggists can fill it4 ,address ,,dr4 ,,ward ,,co41 ,,louisiana1 ,,mo4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,for ,,sale--,one-half interest in a thoroughly equipped ,,creamery located in one of the best dairy districts of ,wis4 ,j4 ,g4 ,,snyder ,,son41 ,mt4 ,hope1 ,wis4 ,when you write mention ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illustration ,,livestock ,,department4 ,stockmen1 ,write for ,your ,paper4 ,leland ,stanford1 ,palo ,alto ,stud1 ,mayfield1 ,cal41 has sold to ,h4 ,j4 ,agner1 ,honolulu1 ,sandwich ,islands1 seven head of young thoroughbred horses4 99 99 99 99 99 ,col4 ,charles ,f4 ,mills1 ,springfield1 ,ill41 informs ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer that his ,elmwood herd of ,jerseys are going through the winter in excellent condition4 99 99 99 99 99 ,h4 ,k4 ,lewis1 and ,john ,cotton1 ,boyle county1 ,ky41 have sold to ,g4 ,l4 ,chrisman1 ,independence1 ,mo41 a nice lot of pure-bred ,southdown ewes1 yearlings1 at #ab per head4 99 99 99 99 99 ,t4 ,d4 ,chestnut1 ,danville1 ,ky41 recently sold to ,simon ,johnson1 ,garrard county1 ,ky41 ten ,cotswold ewes at #f per head1 and fifty head of ,cotswold ewes to ,robert ,collier1 ,garrard county1 at #e4ej per head4 99 99 99 99 99 ,breeders of ,short-horns in ,scotland are to meet in ,edinburgh next week for the purpose of furthering the movement in aid of centenary prizes for ,short-horns at the forthcoming show of the ,highland and ,agricultural ,society of ,scotland4 99 99 99 99 99 ,mr4 ,charles ,h4 ,walker1 ,president of the ,nebraska ,stock ,breeders' ,association1 writes ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer that the association will meet at ,lincoln1 ,february #ac-ad4 ,he adds3 8,this meeting is not in the interest of any one breed2 but is intended to help all persons engaged in breeding1 feeding or marketing cattle1 horses1 and swine40 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,nebraska ,state ,wool-,growers' ,association will hold its annual meeting on ,friday1 ,february #ae1 at the ,senate ,chamber1 in ,lincoln4 ,every sheep man in the ,state should be present1 as matters of great importance to this large industry will come under discussion1 and especially the present unsatisfactory state of the tariff4 ,so writes the ,president1 ,mr4 ,p4 ,jansen1 of ,fairbury1 ,neb4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the collective shipments of live stock and fresh meat from the ,united ,states and ,canada landed at ,liverpool during the first week of the present year amounted to #hfa cattle1 #hej sheep1 #ajj hogs1 #g1eih quarters of beef1 and #a1ijf carcasses of mutton4 ,the figures show a large falling off in the arrivals of both live stock and fresh meat when compared with the imports of later weeks of the preceding year1 more particularly with regard to live stock1 which arrived in very small numbers4 99 99 99 99 99 ,chicago ,evening ,journal3 8,the prospect is that the little ring of political office-seekers who want ,congress to make places for themselves as 8inspectors0 of cattle and hogs will succeed in defeating the proposed measure of retaliation against those ,european countries which1 without good reason1 are discriminating against imported ,american pork-products4 ,the producers of and dealers in ,western cattle and hogs should take instant measures to head off ,sanders and his gang40 99 99 99 99 99 ,the flock belonging to the estate of the late ,k4 ,w4 ,gentry1 of ,sedalia1 ,mo41 was disposed of at auction last week4 ,the unregistered ,merinos were disposed of in lots of fifty at from #c4be to #d4ej per head4 ,grade lambs brought #b to #c4 ,the registered ,merinos were sold by sixes and sevens at from #ag4ej to #fj each4 ,the best rams brought from #bj to #aja1 and a few of the ram lambs sold at from #ah to #df4 ,samuel ,jewett bought largely4 ,on the same occasion the ,berkshire hogs sold at from #bj to #dc2 one pair of mules brought #bje2 the yearling ,jersey bull ,elmwood ,favorite1 bred by ,col4 ,c4 ,f4 ,mills1 ,springfield1 ,ill41 sold for #afe4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,inter-,state ,short-horn ,breeders' ,association held a meeting at ,kansas ,city last week to adopt rules to govern the sales of breeding ,short-horns at the next ,fat ,stock ,show in that city4 ,after considerable discussion it was resolved that the pedigrees be submitted and cattle ready for examination on or before the first day of ,june1 and that the committee be requested to visit and inspect1 some time in ,june1 the cattle offered for the sale4 ,the executive committee was given plenary powers in regard to deciding what animals are to be admitted in the sale1 and authorized to have the catalogues compiled and published4 ,so far over one hundred head have been entered for sale4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the stockmen of ,rush county1 ,kan41 have organized an association to be known as the ,rush ,county ,stockmen's ,union1 and adopted a constitution4 ,the objects of the association are set forth in the following therefore of the preamble to the constitution3 8,in order to protect ourselves from persecution and to secure for ourselves all possible legitimate advantages1 and in all proper ways to promote the interests of those in our country engaged in the production of any kind of live stock1 we1 a number of the stock growers of ,rush county1 have formed an organization known as the ,rush ,county ,stockmen's ,union40 ,it is said there exists in ,rush county an element of society which is violently antagonistic to the stock interests4 99 99 99 99 99 ,while at ,elgin last week we accompanied ,dr4 ,pratt to his home to take a look at his herd of ,holstein cattle4 ,the sight of the long rows of stalls filled with this young breeding milk stock was a surprise4 ,counting a new arrival of twenty-five during our visit the ,doctor now has about #acj head--certainly one of the largest as it is one of the best herds of ,holsteins in the country4 ,the ,doctor breeds and buys to sell again1 and his trade is large1 as he does not demand fancy prices but simply a fair return for his investment1 care and labor4 ,the famous bull ,cyclone heads the home herd4 ,the females are generally from a year and a half to three years old4 ,duchess of ,york is his brag cow1 though he has other strains nearly as famous for milk4 ,the young bull1 ,berkhout1 a prize winner in ,holland1 is a capital animal4 ,though a dull season of the year shipments from this herd are numerous4 ,a bull and three heifers go the present week to ,j4 ,j4 ,conklin1 ,valley ,creek1 ,texas4 ,h4 ,h4 ,bissell1 ,navasota1 ,texas1 takes a bull and two females4 ,the promising bull ,duke1 of ,oak ,hill1 goes to ,a4 ,h4 ,woodruff1 ,lansing1 ,iowa4 ,mr4 ,w4 also takes a yearling heifer4 ,the ,duke weighs #a1fej pounds1 and was but two years old the #agth of ,june last4 ,the ,doctor reports the demand from the ,south as wonderfully increasing4 ,in #ahhc he had orders from ,texas1 ,mississippi1 ,louisiana1 ,florida1 ,kentucky and ,tennessee4 ,he will stock his ranch in ,kansas this spring and summer with a view to supplying the ,west and ,southwest with grades and full bloods4 ,a ,,scare ,,in ,,missouri4 ,information was received at the ,department of ,agriculture1 at ,washington1 last week that a new and heretofore unknown cattle disease has broken out in various parts of ,missouri4 ,it was reported most prevalent in the vicinity of ,mexico4 ,as is usual in such matters when first brought to public notice the facts have been greatly exaggerated4 ,dr4 ,salmon1 ,chief of the ,government ,veterinary ,bureau1 who was in ,chicago this week1 says that as presented to him at ,washington he did not consider the outbreak a very serious one4 ,the trouble so far as he knows exists in but a single herd1 and that near ,mexico4 ,he promptly sent a veterinarian to the spot to investigate and report4 ,he judges from the information he has received that the disease is simply the impaction of food in the stomach1 something far from uncommon at this season of the year4 ,it results generally from eating the dried fodder of the corn-fields4 ,it is in no sense contagious4 ,perhaps our veterinary editor will give us something regarding the treatment of this trouble4 ,in the meantime we give a remedy suggested by a ,missouri gentleman who called at this office last week3 ,keep in a trough before the cattle at all times1 a mixture of slaked lime and salt1 and let them have free access to good water4 ,,public ,,sales ,,of ,,stock4 ,so far as they have come to our notice the following are the principal stock sales announced thus far to take place in #ahhd3 ,march #ai--,wm4 ,yule1 ,short-horns1 ,somers1 ,kenosha ,co41 ,wis4 ,feb4 #ba--;,a4 ,g4 ,epler1 ,jerseys1 ,virginia1 ,ill4 ,march #bf--;,d4 ,l4 ,emery1 ,galva1 ,ill4 ,april #b--;,d4 ,m4 ,fall1 ,albia1 ,iowa4 ,april #c--;,elbert ,fall1 ,albia1 ,iowa4 ,april #aj-aa--,leonard ,bros41 ,kansas ,city1 ,mo4 ,april #bb--;,ex'rs of ,l4 ,palmer1 ,chicago4 ,april #bd--,saline ,co4 7,mo47 breeders4 ,april #cj--,s4 ,w4 ,w4 ,o4 ,sinclair1 ,ashland1 ,ill4 ,may #a--;,hon4 ,wm4 ,m4 ,smith1 ,lexington1 ,ill4 ,may #a-b--,lafayette ,co4 ,breeders' ,association1 at ,higginsville1 ,mo4 ,may #ac--,thos4 ,h4 ,crowder and ,b4 ,z4 ,t4 ,m4 ,taylor1 ,decatur1 ,ill4 ,may #ae--,r4 ,huston ,son1 ,chicago4 ,may #bg--,r4 ,f4 ,burke1 ,camp ,point1 ,ill4 ,may #bg--;,j4 ,c4 ,stone1 ,leavenworth1 ,kan4 ,may #bh--;,j4 ,s4 ,latimer1 ,abingdon1 ,ill4 ,may #bi--,strawther ,givens1 ,abingdon4 ,june #c--;,j4 ,n4 ,brown's ,sons1 ,berlin1 ,ill4 ,june #d--,s4 ,e4 ,prather and ,d4 ,w4 ,smith1 ,springfield1 ,ill4 ,june #e--,pickrell1 ,thomas ,smith1 ,harristown1 ,ill4 ,june #f--;,j4 ,h4 ,potts ,son1 ,jacksonville1 ,ill4 ,june #aa--,w4 ,cummings ,son1 ,buda1 ,ill4 ,june #ag--,t4 ,w4 ,harvey1 ,short-horns1 ,chicago4 ,june #ai--,r4 ,huston ,son1 ,chicago4 ,june #bj--,t4 ,w4 ,harvey1 ,holsteins and ,jerseys1 ,chicago4 ,hagan ,w4 ,williams 7,short-horns71 ,st4 ,marys1 ,kas41 ,feb4 #h4 ,h4 ,h4 ,lackey ,son 7,short-horns71 ,peabody1 ,kas41 ,feb4 #bg and #bh4 ,a4 ,b4 ,matthews 7,polled-,angus and ,galloways71 ,kansas ,city1 ,march #ab and #ac4 ,g4 ,w4 ,henry 7,polled-,angus and grade ,short-horns71 ,kansas ,city1 ,march #bf and #bg4 ,john ,x4 ,giffith 7,short-horns71 ,shenandoah1 ,iowa1 ,april #a4 ,m4 ,h4 ,cochrane 7,polled cattle71 ,chicago1 ,april #b and #c4 ,m4 ,h4 ,cochrane 7,polled cattle71 ,kansas ,city1 ,april #h and #i4 ,thos4 ,hughes 7,short-horns71 ,chicago1 ,april #i and #aj4 ,george ,leigh 7,imp4 ,herefords71 ,chicago1 ,april #aj4 ,leonard ,bros4 7,polled cattle71 ,kansas ,city1 ,april #ae1 #af1 and #ag4 ,prather ,g4 ,bennett 7,short-horns71 ,safford1 ,kas41 ,april #ah4 ,c4 ,m4 ,gifford ,son 7,short-horns71 ,manhattan1 ,kas41 ,april #bc4 ,r4 ,l4 ,mc,donald 7,short-horns7 ,st4 ,joe1 ,mo41 ,april #cj4 ,jackson ,co4 ,breeders 7,short-horns71 ,kansas ,city1 ,may #f1 #g1 and #h4 ,h4 ,d4 ,ayres 7,short-horns71 ,breckenridge1 ,mo41 ,may #i4 ,leonard ,bros4 7,polled cattle71 ,kansas ,city1 ,may #ac1 #ad1 and #ae4 ,w4 ,p4 ,young 7,short-horns71 ,mt4 ,pleasant1 ,iowa1 ,may #bg4 ,j4 ,g4 ,gowan ,son and ,col4 ,thad ,hickman 7,short-horns71 ,st4 ,joe1 ,mo41 ,may #bh4 ,j4 ,s4 ,latimer ,sons 7,short-horns71 ,abingdon1 ,ill41 ,may #bh4 ,w4 ,t4 ,hearne 7,short-horns71 ,lee's ,summit1 ,mo41 ,may #bi4 ,clinton ,county1 ,mo41 ,breeders 7,short-horns71 ,plattsburgh1 ,june #d and #e4 ,thoroughbred ,live ,stock ,association1 ,higginsville1 ,mo41 ,oct4 #ae and #af4 ,adams ,earl 7,herefords71 ,chicago1 ,nov4 #bj4 ,,remedy ,,for ,,foot-,,and-,,mouth ,,disease4 ,rev4 ,f4 ,h4 ,brett1 ,carsington ,rectory1 writes as follows to the ,english agricultural papers3 ,some few years ago1 when the foot-and-mouth disease was prevailing1 ,i gave a farmer in this parish1 who had the disease among his cattle1 some sulphurous acid1 and advised him to make trial of the following treatment3 ,to put about two ounces of the acid into a quart bottle and fill up with water1 and then give about a tablespoonful of this dilution three times a day to the diseased cattle4 ,he acted upon my advice1 and the result was that his cattle were quickly cured of the disease4 ,again1 two or three weeks ago one of my parishioners came to me to inform me that one of his cows was affected with this disease1 and to ask me if ,i could give him anything for it4 ,i gave him some of the same acid1 to be used as above stated1 and advised him also to burn a little sulphur in the shed in which the diseased cow was kept1 two or three times a day4 ,he followed my advice1 and three or four days after ,i was informed that the cow was doing nicely1 and was giving her milk again4 ,my confidence in the remedy is therefore confirmed1 and ,i think ,i am in duty bound to make it as widely known as possible4 ,in addition to giving the acid internally1 ,i advised the moistening of the affected feet also with the same dilution with a sponge4 ,the sulphurous acid acts remedially1 ,i conclude1 by being destructive of the life of the microbes1 or exceedingly minute animacul1 that gives rise to the disease2 and ,i feel persuaded that1 if the owners of cattle would take the trouble to burn a little sulphur once or twice a week in their cattle sheds1 they would not only protect their cattle from attacks of foot-and-mouth disease1 but have them also in a more healthy and vigorous condition1 especially in the season of tying-up and confinement4 ,i have underlined the last syllable of sulphurous to guard against mistake4 ,sulphuric acid would only be productive of mischief4 ,sulphurous acid may be obtained through any druggist in sealed stoppered bottles at a small expense4 ,the simplest way of burning sulphur in the cowsheds is as follows3 ,take a slip of cardboard1 or of extra stout brown paper1 about a foot long and two inches wide1 and place on one extremity about as much coarsely-powdered brimstone as would lie on a penny piece1 hold it by the other end1 and apply the flame of a candle till the sulphur is ignited1 and then wave it about in the shed1 in order to disperse the vapor among the cattle2 if there be straw1 or anything else inflammable about1 hold a tile1 or something of the sort1 in the other hand1 under the burning sulphur1 to catch any that may drop4 ,illustration ,,the ,,dairy ,dairymen1 ,write for ,your ,paper4 ,,the ,,wisconsin ,,dairymen4 ,the papers and discussions at ,lake ,mills comprehended quite a range of topics1 and they were handled with marked ability4 ,three of the essays have now appeared in ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer in full4 ,they were too good to slaughter by abridgment1 and the same remark applies to other papers1 yet our space is too limited for an unabridged report4 ,,the ,,road ,,to ,,the ,,factory1 by ,robt4 ,fargo1 showed the people how much they are losing by persisting in having poor roads1 when by a small expense they might have good ones4 ,the road tax is improperly applied4 ,he thought that a good gravel road in most localities could be made for #a1jjj per mile1 the road-bed to be graveled one foot deep and twelve feet wide4 ,,canada ,,vs4 ,,wisconsin4 ,mr4 ,harris' paper1 printed in last week's ,,farmer1 elicited considerable discussion4 ,members desired to know if1 in the essayist's opinion1 ,canadian dairy management was superior to that of the ,states1 and especially of ,wisconsin4 ,the reply was in the affirmative4 ,there seems to be more thoroughness on the part of ,canadian dairymen4 ,they have no better grass1 nor water1 nor cows4 ,they discriminate more rigidly between good and bad patrons4 ,they sometimes bring the law to bear against those who water milk or skim it4 ,the factories there are mostly owned by stock companies4 ,when tainted milk is discovered in the vat1 it is traced back as soon as possible to its source1 and the patron bringing it is excluded4 ,the law there is similar to that in ,new ,york and was founded upon that law4 ,mr4 ,fish related an instance where a fraudulent patron in ,herkimer county1 ,n4 ,y41 had been detected1 sued1 and heavily fined for his practices4 ,mr4 ,harris said as inspector of factories1 he always refused to receive milk from cows allowed to feed on slough grass or drink stagnant water4 ,such milk would always prevent the manufacture of good cheese4 ,he wants no milk from cows forced to feed on marshes4 ,when a man applies to a factory to sell his milk1 he looks the man over1 he visits his farm1 he looks at the stables and all the surroundings1 and he can generally tell whether or not it is safe to receive that man's milk4 ,,competition4 ,it cropped out in this discussion that in some parts of ,wisconsin and ,illinois there are too many factories4 ,competition leads factorymen to often receive milk that should be discarded4 ,to offend a man by enforcing strict cleanliness1 non-skimming1 and stripping was to drive him to a neighboring factory and his custom is lost4 ,it is hard to make owners of cows honest when dishonest or selfish factorymen encourage them in selfish and fraudulent ways4 ,mr4 ,harris said at some of the best ,canadian factories patrons were refused the privilege of taking home the whey in their milk cans4 ,he would have no objection to their taking the whey if all would cleanse their cans properly4 ,but this could not be depended upon4 ,,water ,,in ,,milk4 ,he detects water in milk by means of a little ,german instrument called ,horren's ,milk ,tester1 patented in ,hanover4 ,they cost fifty cents each by the #ajj4 ,they are for sale by ,cornish ,curtis1 ,ft4 ,atkinson1 ,wis41 and by some others of the dairy supply concerns4 ,this little instrument is invaluable to the factoryman4 ,,pride ,,in ,,business4 ,another thing about the ,canadians is they take such pride in their business that they are not given to adulterating their butter and cheese4 ,they make a cheese that sells as the best cheddar in the ,english markets4 ,the best ,wisconsin cheese that ,mr4 ,harris saw at the ,milwaukee dairy fair was several points below the best ,canadian article4 ,the difference lies in the want of skill in the maker1 and the greed of the patrons which often leads them to skim and to withhold the strippings4 ,,skimming4 ,there were those present who claimed that more money can be realized by making both butter and cheese than from cheese alone1 though its quality makes it bring a higher price4 ,so long as this is the case such will continue to make skim cheese4 ,they say a man must be governed by the market he is to supply4 ,if one makes for a home market where skim cheese is liked it is all right to make butter from the same milk4 ,it was replied that as our dairymen in general must look abroad for their market1 that good1 straight1 full cream cheese is bound to win in the long run4 ,when the foreign market for the ,wisconsin product is destroyed it will take years of honest effort to rebuild the old reputation4 ,,the ,,cheddar4 ,the cheddar cheese of ,canada is made by drawing off the whey while it is sweet1 the curd being allowed to sour afterward4 ,it takes too long to make this cheese to suit the ,western cheese-maker4 ,but you can not make the best cheese in a hurry4 ,there is more nutriment in the cheddar than in the common cheese of the ,states4 ,,by ,,the ,,acre4 ,mr4 ,hiram ,smith said in his paper that he computes his butter and cheese by the acre1 meaning that his effort is to see how much dairy product he can get from an acre of ground4 ,the herd of cows that can produce the most from a mow of hay or a given amount of pasturage is the best herd4 ,that system which will take #a1jjj lbs4 of feed and get the most from it is the best system4 ,he plows up about four acres of pasture every year1 and proposes to reduce the acreage of his pasture thus gradually to the end4 ,he grows feed for the cows on the acres plowed up4 ,it is the cheapest method4 ,he uses green feed1 bran1 straw1 roots1 etc4 ,this gives the most milk at the least expense4 ,he uses the submerging system of butter-making4 ,a bushel basket full of pounded ice twice per day will keep milk cool regardless of weather4 ,cool the milk suddenly no matter what the system4 ,four pounds of butter from #ajj pounds of milk is all he expects to get in summer4 ,in fall1 perhaps another pound1 but it will not be of so high a grade4 ,,the ,,holsteins4 ,mr4 ,curtis1 of ,new ,york1 said a good word for the ,holsteins as dairy stock4 ,at the ,cornell ,university farm they come in at two years1 are milked seven or eight years1 and then fattened for beef4 ,he would not recommend this system for all breeds4 ,,calves4 ,mr4 ,northup said he can raise better calves on skimmed milk than on whole milk4 ,others agreed with him1 and a few differed1 asking what the ,lord put the cream in milk for4 ,reply3 to mix with butterine4 ,,items4 ,professor ,henry mentioned some of the experiments now being carried on at the ,state ,university to show the value of different stock foods1 tile1 drainage1 etc4 ,he is feeding cotton seed meal1 malt1 sprouts1 oil cake1 ensilage1 etc4 ,cotton seed meal induces a very rich flow of milk4 ,mr4 ,smith thinks skimmed milk worth #ce cents per #ajj pounds for cheese-making1 for those who have a demand for that kind of cheese4 ,mr4 ,favill1 of ,walworth county1 set the teeth of the dairymen on edge1 by asserting and proving by figures that he could make more money from same outlay in beef making in six months1 than any of them could in a year from the dairy4 ,mr4 ,f4 will write out his experience in this line for ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer at an early day4 ,we cut short our notes of the discussions somewhat1 to make room for ,mr4 ,smith's instructive essay on ,,neglected ,,opportunities4 ,so long as it is true that the average yield1 per cow1 in milk that is taken to the factories is less rather than more than #c1jjj pounds per season1 and so long as it is true that there are dairymen whose cows yield from #d1jjj to #e1jjj pounds each per season1 it will be easy to make it appear there are neglected opportunities on the part of most dairymen which1 if availed of1 would greatly augment the annual yield1 and consequently make larger the profits4 ,one of the fundamental truths in stock-raising1 and in profitable milk production1 is1 that it takes a given amount of food to support the animal's existence in such a way that it will simply maintain its status2 and that growth in flesh or yield in milk1 above an evenly balanced existence1 must come from the food given to cause an increase of weight in flesh1 fat1 or milk products4 ,hence1 all the profit must come from that excess1 and is large or small just in proportion as the animal is capacitated to utilize and digest it1 within the bounds of healthy1 judicious feeding4 ,so that farmer was sound who1 when he fed up to the very verge of that limit1 and was told by a skeptic that he did not believe high feeding paid1 replied he was only sorry that his cows could not healthfully digest more4 ,the capital invested in the cows1 in the soil1 in the barns and stables1 in the care and time devoted to milking and waiting on them1 is very nearly the same1 whether they produce #c1jjj pounds each per season1 or #e1jjj pounds4 ,at first it may be granted that if a farm is stocked to its capacity in feeding a herd of #c1jjj-pound cows1 that some outside food must be imported from other soil to enable the same herd to yield #e1jjj pounds each4 ,but the enriching of the manure through high feeding1 and the consequent enriching of the land1 will soon obviate the necessity of the importation of outside food4 ,if this is not true1 ,i admit that my opinion is based on false premises2 and that the opponents of high feeding have the best of the argument1 as well as a majority of the disciples1 and a majority of the thinly-covered bones of the so-called dairy stock of the ,state4 ,in support of the idea that there is an added value to the manure through high feeding1 it may be stated that there are many places in the ,eastern ,states in which in estimating the earnings of the cow each year1 that the milk1 or butter and cheese1 the calf and the pork are not only counted1 but #aj per well-fed cow is added for the increased value she has put upon the soil1 deposited it in a bank that never breaks4 ,what is true of the old ,east is fast becoming true of the soil of the older settled portions of ,wisconsin4 ,to augment the productive capacity of a given number of acres1 that will now support in semi-starvation a given number of cows1 to a point in fertility that will add #b1jjj pounds of milk per annum to each cow1 milk worth1 say #bj1 is to have the funds in hand to pay the sum of #djj as interest on the added value to an ordinary farm of eighty acres that is made to well keep twenty cows1 instead of keeping them in the usual way4 ,four hundred dollars will pay #e per cent interest per annum on an added value of #ajj per acre to the farm4 ,this can be done without adding a cow to the herd4 ,all done by a simple expansion1 through better use of the capital already in the hands of many who work on the semi-starvation plan4 ,the very first neglected opportunity of the mass of farmers is1 that they do not see1 and do not make much effort to see1 that there is a better way than to plow1 and plow1 and plow1 seldom seed down1 keep a few head of spindling cows1 mostly to give birth to spindling calves1 that by a stretch of the imagination may be called cows when five or six years old2 sell such cows1 instead of selling butter and cheese to buy their clothes and groceries1 sell hay to buy their whisky1 and their farms by the bushel to pay for them if in debt1 or to add some improvements in buildings if they are not4 ,it would be useless to further describe them--they are not here1 as they never go to dairy conventions1 or even to county agricultural meetings or annual fairs2 and so any rebuke of their methods would not reach their ears4 ,let them pass2 the chief regret for their fate being that their name is legion1 and that they seem to be beyond the reach of mercy4 ,the next class1 and the one for which this association has much missionary work to do1 is the one that has shown some signs of progress2 that is still in unbelief of the radical truth1 but yet seems to be uttering the invocation of doubting ,thomas1 of old4 ,the most marked neglect of opportunity by this class is in not accepting the truth alluded to previously1 that it pays to transform #b1ejj and #c1jjj-pound cows into #d1jjj and #e1jjj-pound ones1 through the process of more generous1 and better paying feeding4 ,many of this class know that a paying flow of milk comes only from food judiciously given2 but who have not yet learned the programme by which such food can be ever on hand1 or do not possess the intelligent enterprise to put forth the means to obtain it4 ,as this is1 largely1 the hopeful class1 we may well pray for their growth in dairy grace1 in the knowledge of the truth1 as it is exemplified in the reliable experience of the few saints in the business1 who know how to make good common cows earn #ej and #fj1 and more1 each1 per annum4 ,observation and my factory books for a series of years1 teach that persons of this class start out well in the spring1 and have cows that maintain the flowing stream for awhile1 so that the four-and-five-thousand pound yield would be obtained if they did not suffer it to come to grief1 by not providing means to hedge against the immediate and consequent influences of the first serious check in the supply of palatable and easily digested food in the pastures4 ,this is the great fatality of the whole business--a tolerated calamity as we may call it1 for it endures a lapse that can not afterward be made good1 the same season4 ,it is to the paying yield of the cow what an untimely frost is to an unmatured corn crop4 ,it is my firm belief that this is the great sin of the medium good dairyman of this and other dairy ,states1--the cause of the low average earnings of the cows2 the reason why so many dairymen work so cheaply2 the promoter of infidelity in the mind of the dairyman as to whether he has not made a mistake in entering upon the dairy business at all2 in short1 it is the chief 8neglected opportunity0 to get upon the highway to success4 ,that opportunity1 when interpreted1 means that when the chief available supply of food fails1 or lessens1 or becomes unpalatable or undigestible1 that a substitute previously provided should be immediately supplied4 ,let the substitute be early rye1 clover1 oats1 millet1 corn1 or other fodder1 grown for the purpose1 according to the time in the season in which the pressing need comes2 and if neither are in available time1 then let the substitute take the form of ground grain in larger measures than should be given to every cow in milk1 every day1 even when feeding on the flushest and choicest of grasses4 ,that is the way the #e1jjj-pound to the cow dairymen do2 and they win in doing it4 ,but the blighted class seem to look upon it as they would on an accidental fire1 an untimely death1 an early frost1 an unavertable calamity2 a kind of ,providential dispensation1 the superstitious regard it4 ,the latter class betake themselves to prayer for rain1 instead of taking the scoop-shovel to the provender1 and distributing it to their famishing herds4 ,troops of them don't know that they are suffering any but present loss in weight1 and delude themselves into thinking a blessed rain will restore their cows to the position they fell from4 ,they don't seem to comprehend that they thus lose their grip on the #ej and #fj per annum prize1 and their uncertainty of getting it4 ,the result is1 they have their big flow of milk at the season of the year in which dairy products are ever the cheapest2 and their cows are crippled for good performance at the pail1 when ever-returning good prices in the fall and early winter show them what golden opportunities they have lost4 ,now ,i can look over my list of patrons and see in my mind's eye the men who practice both the systems ,i allude to4 ,one is the discomforted1 doubting dairyman with but too little to show for his hard work2 and the other has a good bank account1 or a plethoric purse1 and his sharpest look is given in search of more good cows1 whose owners don't know any more than to sell them4 ,there is not a whine about them1 nor do they go into a decline because another half-cent could not be squeezed out of the cheese market4 ,their talk is1 content with 8well done10 and their cure for hard times is1 8more milk40 ,the most manifest loss1 as it appears to one taking note of merely dollars and cents1 in the prosecution of any special pursuit comes to light in the dairy business1 from this the chief neglected opportunity of the dairymen to gain more wealth4 ,there are other neglected opportunities1--minor matters in themselves--that if improved would make the goal of the enterprising dairymen easier of attainment1 and are1 therefore1 desirable adjuncts in accomplishing his purposes1 and they seem to be concomitants of measurably high success4 ,one is in not properly testing the real profit-earning capacity of each cow1 and weeding out those that are not only not profitable but are actually1 year after year1 eating into the profits derived from other1 and it may be not so good appearing cows4 ,profitable performance not only at the pail1 but at the churn and the cheese-vat1 should alone give a cow respite from coming1 in her youth1 to the butcher's block4 ,another1 is that there is a woeful benightedness in providing stables suitable to milk in1 and easy and healthful for the cows to live in1 as they should be allowed to do for more than half of the hours of the year4 ,the advanced dairymen who have plank floors daily littered1 cleaned1 and cleansed1 drops in the floor1 and clean walks in the rear of the cows1 well-ventilated1 but warm1 non-freezing stables1 would be amazed and disgusted to enter what ,i greatly fear are a majority of the stables of the ,state1 in which the cows are thrust to endure a painful and filthy existence4 ,when purity of product has a great influence in gauging the price1 and the health of consumers is at stake1 this neglect in providing better and more cleanly stabling is one of the crying ills of our dairy system4 ,i am glad to know that the supervision of the health officials of ,milwaukee extends to the stables of the cows that produce the milk that is allowed to be sold in that city4 ,it would be well if it was made the imperative duty of the health officials of every town to forcibly establish the blessings of a decent civilization in the cow stables of more than half of the farmers of ,wisconsin4 ,i am moved to thus speak because of what ,i have seen--and smelled4 ,i will not quarrel with a man who claims the unalienable right to rot1 as a hermit1 but ,i deny his right to freely make and sell to others1 unwholesome food1 into which he has mingled filth and the germs of disease and death4 ,it is shameful to neglect to provide good and healthful stables for food-producing dairy stock--one that calls for vengeance on a criminality4 ,another neglected opportunity of the dairymen to increase the number of head their farms might subsist1 and thus increase their profits1 especially those who occupy our highest priced lands1 is in their declining to adopt the system of soiling4 ,i do not know of a highly successful dairyman in the ,state who has not adopted it1 in part1 at least--enough to save his cows when famine is in sight4 ,neither do ,i believe there is one who would not be more successful if he should practice it more4 ,the arrived-at goal of the select few who keep as many cows as they have acres of land1 has been reached by and through the soiling process2 and approximate successes like theirs must be achieved by traveling the same route4 ,there are those who are ensmalling their pastures1 and at the same time1 increasing their herds1 because the lands taken from the pasture and devoted to soiling crops produce more than the old herds can consume4 ,the wandering cow feeds herself1 in fact1 from what might be the choicest product of her own milk1 tramps the life out of much more1 and tosses her head in disdain at much that if cut and properly fed in the stall1 she would eat with a relish2 so that it may be safely said that two1 and some practical men say three1 cows might be well-fed through soiling1 on the same land that one is by the system of exclusive pasturing4 ,another1 it may well be called the lost opportunity--that grows out of the neglected ones alluded to1 is that the cows are not kept in good milking condition more of the time of the year4 ,the men who seize and utilize the few opportunities ,i have mentioned very soon learn that they have an almost perpetual fount of wealth2 and that they can not afford to dry it up1 and wait for spring4 ,putting in more time for the cow to produce1 inevitably convinces them of the fact that the larger part of the cow's earnings are made when dairy products are high in price2 and they are dull1 indeed1 if they do not see in that a revelation that more winter dairying would pay4 ,i am aware that the flippant answer made by those disinclined to adopt soiling and winter dairying1 is1 that they involve employment of more manual labor on a given number of acres1 and that reliable farm labor is hard to get and troublesome to keep4 ,this is the first superficial pretext of nine-tenths of those advanced enough to ever give these subjects a serious thought4 ,nevertheless1 the practice of these innovations are essential in the higher grade of farming2 and that practice1 instead of being an ill1 is a blessing to the farm1 to the farmer1 to his older children1 and to the hired laborer2 for it gives all of them steady and profitable employment1 while the present system requires the far greater proportion of labor in the spring and summer months1 and furnishes less to do in winter for the hired man and the grown-up boys and girls4 ,they thus lounge1 often1 in debasing idleness1 or are early weaned from the farm1 and go away1 never to return to partake of its real1 invigorating life1 its independence1 and its joys4 ,the dairy1 with the accompaniment of soiling and more production of dairy products in the winter1 would make the farm more like a factory1 with every wheel in motion almost the entire year4 ,the home and the family of the dairy farmer should be as large as the capacity of the man and the woman at the helm2 and as steady employment as that which must be given to the store or shop would go a long way in developing and increasing the capacity of the whole force to manage more4 ,giving regular employment to good men on the farm makes it far easier to get and to keep them2 and it retains a more brawny set of men1 who are otherwise enticed to the factories and railways that give steady work1 and so have the pick of the intelligent and most reliable ones4 ,it is an accomplishment in a farmer and his wife to know how to get1 and how to keep good1 faithful hired men4 ,i know of those who are slaves1 because they don't know how4 ,many of them ascribe it to the men1 when they themselves are principally at fault4 ,there is a mortal dread of 8tramps10 especially among the more ignorant farmers4 ,but ,i aver that the common system of almost exclusive grain farming that crowds most of the labor of the year into a few spring and summer months1 is a direct cause of much of the tramp evil of which so many farmers complain4 ,it manufactures the tramps who rove from necessity1 and even drives out their own children to swell the ranks of those in search of a job4 ,on the other hand1 a large increase of milk-stock kept on the farm necessitates the retention of most of the manual force of the summer months4 ,not how to dispense with hired labor or the labor of his children1 but how to profitably employ and elevate it1 and make it inviting1 rather than abhorrent and slavish1 is the problem the progressive farmer should study to solve4 ,the manufacturer counts upon additional gains through the addition of well-employed laborers4 ,the farmer could do the same if he used more educated brains and a little less over-taxed muscle in his business4 ,the bulk of every fortune steadily acquired1 consists of the success of its possessor in getting1 honestly or dishonestly1 a profit from the labors of others4 ,this must be so1 so long as it is an axiom in political economy that labor is the basis of all wealth4 ,the owner of the soil can succeed in winning more than a pro rata proportion1 just in the ratio of his ability to make his brains help the work of his hands4 ,i know of whole sections1 and even contiguous miles square1 on which the system of farming prevails that ,i have condemned--the hired man is unknown1 save only for short periods of the year--the children gone to the cities1 to the factories1 the railroads1 or to the ,west--the land denuded of stock1 almost1 as well as of the rightful ones to care for it2 and half-impoverished farms1 half farmed by the old folks1 or continuously cropped on shares by more indigent neighbors4 ,possessions that by nature are as fair as ever the sun shone upon1 that do not1 and can not now pay five per cent interest on #be per acre2 when well managed dairy farms in the same county pay more than that per cent on a basis of #ajj per acre4 ,in view of these patent facts that stare us in the face1 is it any wonder that some of us feel we have a loud call to dispense the pure dairy gospel to these perishing sinners who thus neglect their grand opportunities4 ,in some one of the first sentences of this paper ,i alluded to the influence of good and profitable farming in improving the condition and standing of the farmer1 as a man among men4 ,this1 after all1 is the crowning objective point1 or should be1 of all those who make the most of the opportunities the great mass neglect4 ,if with all his getting a man does not get some real wisdom1 some development in stalwart morality1 and a higher cultivation of the mind1 it needs no ,solomon or ,bible to tell the on-lookers that he is a comparative failure2 and it ought to be apparent to himself4 ,the legitimate profits of a higher grade of farming ought to be expended to elevate the farmer1 his wife1 his children1 and all the attendants whom he directs4 ,part of them should appear in the form of better and more comfortable houses and barns1 finer stock1 better horses1 better roads and school-houses1 a larger list of newspapers and periodicals1 better libraries and better housekeeping1 and more cheery houses in which intelligence and music are not strangers4 ,it is as important that a man should spend his earnings aright1 as that he should use his energies and talents to earn4 ,it is not a manly element in a man whose chief forte is that he can hold all he can get4 ,a clam can do that1 and not suffer much1 either1 in a comparison of brains with the groveling getter of mere wealth4 ,the high behest to earn much1 by and through grand opportunities to labor and direct labor1 blossoms into blessing in its best sense only when the earnings are spent to increase the intelligence1 add to the comforts1 and aid men to discharge their private and public duties more nobly than it is possible for a man to do with an income that simply gives him bread4 ,because the earnings of the farm are not more frequently spent in thus installing a section of paradise on the farm1 is the real cause of the stampede therefrom of many of the smart ones who deem the struggle for elevation there a hopeless one1 and1 catching an inspiration from the shriek of civilization that announces each swiftly flying train1 they turn their backs on what have been to them farm dungeons1 and mingle with the surging throng in quest of a better condition4 ,that they are often mistaken and baffled in taking such a route1 does not deter a new crowd from going4 ,they fly from what they dread1 as much as they are inspired by what they hope to win4 ,these things ought not so to be2 and a wise improvement of the many neglected opportunities on the farm would go far to rectify the ills they fly from1 but from which yet few escape4 ,say what we will about all its defects1 its uninviting toil1 and low wages1 agriculture disenthralled of its ignorance is the basis rock of our hope2 and he is a slanderer of the noblest occupation who raises the veil to expose its defects and servility for any other purpose than to help make greener its verdure1 and brighten its bloom4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,remember that #b4jj pays for ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer from this date to ,january #a1 #ahhe2 ,for #b4jj you get it for one year and a copy of ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer ,,county ,,map ,,of ,,the ,,united ,,states1 ,,free6 ,this is the most liberal offer ever made by any first-class weekly agricultural paper in this country4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illustration ,,horticultural ,horticulturists1 ,write for ,your ,paper4 ,,the ,,farmer',s ,,garden4 ,,by ,j4 ,m4 ,,smith4 ,a few years ago it was necessary for me to call upon a gentleman upon some business4 ,after my business was completed and ,i was about to leave1 ,i started toward the garden4 ,he called to me saying1 8,do not go there--you can not get through the garden40 ,i arrived at the border and stopped4 ,he had evidently complied with one of the necessities of a good garden1 viz41 plenty of manure1 for it is simply impossible for weeds to grow at the rate1 or attain the size they had there1 except upon very rich land4 ,rabbits would have been perfectly secure from foxes1 and foxes from dogs1 in that immense and tangled growth of weeds4 ,the owner of that garden was one the best and most enterprising farmers in the ,state4 ,he had at one time been president of his ,state agricultural society4 ,many years ago ,i visited a friend living upon a #afj acre farm4 ,it was one of the most beautiful section farms that ,i have ever seen either in this or any other ,state4 ,while there ,i was speaking of a splendid crop of melons that were then just ripening4 ,he said1 in rather a fretful manner1 8,i do not see why my melons do not grow4 ,i know the land is rich1 and there are no weeds in the hills4 ,i hoed them all up only a few days ago40 ,i walked out to his garden with him1 and there were his poor1 puny vines struggling for life4 ,as he said1 there were no weeds in the hills1 a little circle of perhaps two or three feet in diameter had been hoed out1 and the balance of the land was covered with a dense growth of weeds from two to six feet in height4 ,he had a most industrious and refined lady for a wife1 and young children growing up around him1 and1 as before stated1 a most excellent as well as valuable farm4 ,yet not one early pea or one ear of sweet corn2 not even early potatoes or a tomato1 or1 in fact1 anything that by any stretch of the imagination could be called a garden bed--yet the man has been to college4 ,another gentleman said in my presence1 8,in the spring1 at the proper time1 ,i purchase cabbage seed and sow them2 when it is time to set them out ,i buy the plants and plant them2 when it is time for cabbages they are there1 and so ,i always have cabbages40 ,he is among the very best farmers in the ,state4 ,he teaches others how to farm1 and does it well4 ,the man who attacks him in a convention needs a strong cause and a ready tongue1 or he will be apt to consider his own cause a very poor one before he gets through with it4 ,this man has been president of a ,state dairymen's association4 ,one case more3 ,another gentleman1 who is far above the average farmer1 and who has also been president of a ,state dairymen's association1 as well as a public teacher1 as he was going out to attend a farmers' meeting or convention1 where he was expected to be a teacher1 happened to look out over the place where his garden should have been1 and saw an immense growth of weeds going to seed4 ,he said to his sons and hired men1 8,boys1 bring out a team and hitch to the mower1 and mow off the garden2 ,i can not conscientiously go and teach others how to farm with that crop of weeds going to seed in my own garden40 ,the work was done4 8,there10 said he1 8,i can now go and teach without a troubled conscience4 ,there are no weeds going to seed in my garden40 ,i have strong hopes of this gentleman4 ,he has a conscience4 ,he attends church2 and although ,i consider him intellectually as far superior to most of the preachers of the day1 yet if the right man should become his pastor1 ,i fully believe that there is salvation for him even in this life4 ,as to the other three the case seems at least to be a very doubtful one4 ,one can not but be reminded of the anecdote of the three little boys who had commenced studying the catechism4 ,some one asked them if they had learned any of it8 8,oh1 yes10 says one of them1 8,i am past justification40 ,a second one says1 8,i am past sanctification40 ,the third jumps up and says1 8,i have beat them all2 ,i am clear past redemption40 ,it is much to be feared that the three first described gentlemen are all of them clear past redemption4 ,let us turn for a moment to a farmer's garden of another order4 ,he has a beautiful as well as an excellent farm4 ,around his house are quite a number of handsome trees that stood there when the ,indians were the proprietors of the soil4 ,the present owner has added such other trees as he thought would add both to its beauty and comfort4 ,the house is a number of rods from the highway1 and in the summer is one of the most beautiful rural homes that ,i ever saw4 ,back of1 and near by1 the house is his garden4 ,it is so arranged that most of its crops can be cultivated with a horse and cultivator4 ,a nice asparagus bed furnishes not only himself and family an abundant supply of this the first as well as one of the best of the products of the outdoor garden1 but also a quantity to sell4 ,his strawberry beds1 containing only a few of the standard varieties and a very few plants of some of the most promising of the new ones1 were models of both beauty and economy in their arrangement for cultivating both well and cheaply4 ,the same was true of his peas1 beans1 sweet corn1 cabbages1 potatoes1 etc4 ,his raspberries1 both red and black-caps1 furnished an abundant supply for the family during their season4 ,the same is true of his blackberries and grapes4 ,a short distance from these well cared-for necessaries and luxuries of his farm is a moderate-sized and well cared-for orchard4 ,i have no doubt he can1 if he wishes1 have some of the products of his orchard or garden1 or both1 upon his table every day of the year4 ,the gentleman who owns and controls this farm has never been president of any ,state dairymen's association1 nor has he ever been sent to ,congress4 ,but1 gentlemen1 he is one of the most thoroughly wide awake and enterprising1 as well as one of the very best farmers that ,wisconsin can boast of2 and we have some good ones4 ,the question very naturally arises1 ,why is it that so many1 not only of our common1 but of our very best farmers1 fail to have anything that can be called even a poor garden8 ,it is not because they do not like its products4 ,time and again have men who were good farmers1 when looking over my grounds1 said3 8,well1 it is too bad that ,i have not had a decent garden2 but ,i am determined to have one after this1 and will neglect it no longer40 ,i have no recollection of any farmer's family among my acquaintances who would not enjoy its products4 ,perhaps the best reason1 and often the only one1 that can be given for so many almost entire failures in this respect is the want of time4 ,it is a well-known fact that almost all of our farmers are short of the help they really need to keep their farms in good condition4 ,something is sure to be neglected1 and1 in three cases out of four1 if not in nine out of ten1 the poor garden is the first thing that is left to care for itself1 which it generally does by growing a tremendous crop of weeds4 ,it is perfectly useless to attempt to have a respectable garden1 unless arrangements are made in the spring for its planting and cultivation with the same care that arrangements are made for the care of the wheat1 oats1 corn1 or potato crop1 or the care of the dairy4 ,when these arrangements are made and faithfully carried into execution during the season1 then shall we see good gardens upon our farms2 and not only that1 but1 as a rule1 they will be the best paying pieces of land upon the farm1 not only in the comfort they give to the family1 but in the profit as well4 ,i do not propose at this time to give you a treatise upon gardening4 ,a few hints that may be of value to those who wish to make some improvement1 is all that will be attempted4 ,in the first place1 select1 if you can have a choice1 a piece of light1 loamy soil1 with a little sand1 if you can get it4 ,a heavy clay soil will raise as large a crop as the one above mentioned1 but it is not as early1 and is much more expensive and different to work4 ,in laying out a garden on a farm take plenty of room1 and arrange the goods in such a manner that the greatest possible amount of work can be performed with the horse4 ,the selection of seeds is to me the most annoying and perplexing job of the season4 ,the circulars come pouring in1 and are filled with the names of new varieties of this and that and the other1 each better than any other of its kind1 and so very desirable that you are apt to think that you must have a few of the seeds just to try them4 ,of course1 there is occasionally some improvement made in vegetables and plants but it is safe to say that in nineteen cases out of twenty the farmer or the amateur who invests in some new varieties of seeds or plants upon the recommendation of his circular1 loses both money and time by the operation4 ,if ,i should record my own experience in this line during the past twenty-five years1 the result would show that ,i have drawn an occasional prize and a marvelous number of blanks1 and some of them very annoying1 as well as expensive ones4 ,i will give you a list of such seeds as have proven themselves to be about the best that ,i can find1 after years of experience3 ,asparagus--,conover's ,colossal4 ,beets--,early ,egyptian for first early2 ,early ,blood ,turnip for fall and winter4 ,carrots--,early ,scarlet-,horn4 ,parsnips--,common ,dutch ,hollow-crown4 ,ruta ,bagas--,american purple top1 imp4 ,turnips--,flat ,dutch4 ,bush ,beans--,german ,dwarf ,black ,wax4 ,pole do4--,lima4 ,cucumbers--,white ,spine4 ,cabbage--,first ,early ,jersey ,wakefield2 ,fall and ,winter1 ,prem4 ,flat ,dutch4 ,celery--,golden ,dwarf4 ,muskmelons--,early ,white1 ,japan1 and ,hackensack4 ,watermelons--,mountain ,sweet4 ,cauliflower--,early ,dwarf1 ,eurfart4 ,peas--,extra early ,dan ,o',rourke1 ,american ,wonder1 ,champion of ,england4 ,summer ,squash--,round ,scallop1 ,american ,turban1 ,hubbard4 ,lettuce--,curled ,simpson and ,boston ,market4 ,pepper--,large ,bell and ,butternosed4 ,tomato--,trophy and ,acme4 ,sweet ,corn--,early ,minn41 ,crosby's ,early1 ,stowell's ,evergreen4 ,these if planted at same time will give proper succession4 ,radishes--,french ,breakfast1 and ,covent ,garden4 ,when we come to the small fruits ,i will recommend as follows3 ,strawberries--,wilson's ,albany seedling for main crop4 ,if a few very large ones are wanted try the ,no4 #cj1 and the ,sharpless4 ,with me they are both worthless except for the purpose of producing a few very large berries4 ,to lengthen out the season the ,kentucky is the best of any that ,i know of4 ,downer's ,prolific is also a fair bearer1 of excellent quality4 ,i am constantly trying those of the new varieties that seem to me most likely to do well1 but almost invariably lose both time and money4 ,i have some twelve or fifteen varieties of these now on trial1 but presume the result with nearly or quite all1 will be the same as with hundreds of others ,i have had during the last twenty-five years1 viz41 after two or three years of trouble and expense plow them under for manure4 ,for raspberries1 the ,doolittle and the ,mammoth ,cluster have done nicely among the black-caps4 ,the ,gregg is also highly recommended by those who have tried it4 ,i have not tried it a sufficient time to tell what it will do with me4 ,the ,philadelphia is a standard among the reds1 and justly so4 ,after two or three years' trial ,i think very highly of the ,cuthbert1 although with me it is not as hardy as the ,philadelphia4 ,in fact1 they all do better for being covered in winter4 ,blackberries4 ,for this portion of the ,state ,i know of nothing that ,i believe would give better satisfaction than ,stone's ,hardy4 ,among currants1 the ,red and ,white ,dutch are still the standards4 ,the ,concord grape is yet among grapes about what the ,wilson is among strawberries--the standard for the million4 ,the ,worden1 a seedling of the ,concord1 is very promising1 and may yet prove to be a strong competitor in the race4 ,the ,delaware does splendidly in the ,fox ,river ,valley1 but is not as reliable in all parts of the ,state as the above-named varieties4 ,i have tried to recommend nothing but what will do well with good fair cultivation upon any good soil4 ,yet you will often be annoyed in selecting seed1 from the fact that the same seed is sent out by different seedsmen under different names4 ,for instance1 ,i have had early peas sent to me under different names and by different seedsmen and all planted on the same day1 side by side1 all cared for precisely alike1 and all alike claiming to be remarkably early and prolific as well as excellent in quality1 and yet every one of them precisely like the old extra early ,dan ,o',rourke that ,i used to grow1 ,i do not know how many years ago4 ,the ,american ,wonder is the only one of the new varieties that ,i have tried in many years that really seems to be an acquisition to our list4 ,it is a dwarf about second early1 and with me a good bearer1 and of excellent quality4 ,i mention this to show the farmer that as a rule it is better for him to rely upon the old standard list1 until some grower with whom he is acquainted has fairly tested the new variety1 and ascertained whether or not they are worthy of cultivation1 and some good common sense are all that is needed to insure a good farmers garden4 ,in twenty-five years ,i have failed but once to harvest at least a paying crop of strawberries1 and most of the time they have been both large and profitable4 ,during that time ,i have failed once to have a corn crop1 and have a number of times failed to have a paying crop of potatoes2 in fact1 ,i have failed oftener with my potatoes than with any other of the long list of crops that ,i attempt to grow4 ,yet if ,i should say to the farmers of this audience that they did not know how to grow a crop of potatoes1 they would consider themselves insulted1 though ,i presume that not one of them has had complete success with them for any long series of years4 ,peas and onions should be put in as early as the land is in good condition to work in the spring4 ,if the ground freezes hard soon after they are sprouted it will not injure them4 ,parsnips1 beets1 carrots1 radishes1 turnips1 cabbage1 cauliflower1 lettuce1 and salsify will all bear a little frost after they come up1 but not much4 ,corn1 beans1 peppers1 tomatoes1 vines of all kinds1 require a warm soil and will do their best in no other4 ,a place for the wife and children's flowers should not be forgotten or neglected4 ,give them a place1 furnish help to prepare and care for it1 and do not complain about the little time and expense it takes1 either4 ,probably you will neither eat nor sell the flowers1 but they will pay you better than a few extra bushels of wheat would4 ,we are apt to hear complaints at our conventions that the young men will persist in leaving their farm home and seeking a new one in some of the towns or cities4 ,well1 when ,i am traveling in our own and in other ,states and see so many desolate1 dreary places that are called farmhouses--no trees1 no shrubbery1 no fruit1 no flowers1 no garden1 in fact1 nothing but a shell of a house1 and some land1 and it is fair to suppose that it is about as cheerless inside the house as it is dreary outside of it1 ,i often wonder how1 or why1 any bright1 active1 wide-awake young man can stay there one day after he is at liberty to leave4 ,gentlemen1 ,i know that there are many beautiful exceptions to the above described homes1 and that they are yearly becoming more numerous4 ,if the exceptions could become the universal rule1 what a glorious ,northwest we should have6 ,presidents of ,state agricultural societies would not have to warn their friends against attempting to get through the tangled mass of weeds called the garden4 ,the man who has been to college would no longer fret because his vines could not grow4 ,the ,president of the ,state ,dairymen's ,association would no longer buy cabbage plants or cabbage4 ,neither would he be compelled to order out his team and mow his garden before his conscience would allow him to teach others how to farm4 ,instead of these1 should be homes beautiful1 homes bright1 homes happy--so happy that the young would be loath to leave and glad to return4 ,as our ,northwest is the grandest portion of our republic1 so should our homes be the most beautiful1 and the inmates thereof the most intelligent as well as the happiest and most contented citizens of our wide domain4 ,,our ,,future ,,orchards4 ,granting our ,apple ,orchards on ,high lands1 ,ridges1 and ,slopes are ,suffering1 or ,starving from ,insufficient ,moisture1 ,what will be our best course with them8 ,number ,four4 ,in the first place1 it may be well to enlarge a little on the subject of deficient moisture the average orchard is liable to on prairie and all other ,western soils of a drift origin1 where the strata lie nearly parallel to the plane of the earth's surface4 ,here there are1 therefore1 few1 if any1 of those springs or fountains of water which often supply abundant moisture to land of considerable slope and elevation4 ,if this difference in geological conditions is taken into account1 it will explain why1 in many sections1 orchards often do quite remarkably well on hillsides and mountain slopes4 ,there is little or no resemblance between the apple tree and the orange tree1 when both are botanically considered2 but considered from the point of view as a source of fruit1 the one is the best product of warm climates1 and the other of cold ones2 both being esteemed nearly universally4 ,the orange being a very juicy1 and at the same time1 a fruit in which sweet and sour are equally blended1 requires a moist soil and a large supply of water1 in addition to a relatively high temperature4 ,accordingly1 when grown in warm but dry climates1 as in ,spain and along the north shore of the ,mediterranean1 the ground bearing orange trees is uniformly copiously irrigated two or three times a month1 during the warm season1 and every two months in the winter4 ,the orange-producing portion of ,louisiana is mostly confined to the sixty or seventy square miles of cultivatable land along the ,mississippi river banks1 south of ,new ,orleans4 ,here the soil is alluvial and sandy1 the rainfall sixty or seventy inches per annum1 and the state of the atmosphere so continuously humid1 as to drape all arboreal vegetation with moss4 ,florida has the same rainfall1 the same humid atmosphere1 the same moss1 with the advantage of a soil quite as sandy1 in which1 as constitutes elements1 phosphoric acid and potash abound in far greater proportions than in the alluvial of the ,mississippi4 ,and it is probably due to this happy association of heat1 humidity1 a sandy soil1 rich in the phosphates of lime and salts of potash1 that ,florida oranges really are1 and are regarded the best in the world4 ,but in spite of these advantages1 and another1 no less important--that by capillary attraction1 through the sand--the orange roots have direct and easy access to water beneath2 it is found that the trees do better if mulched to prevent evaporation during the cool months--they being the dry season1 while the summer months are the wet4 ,the ,louisiana orange-growers go farther2 they not only mulch liberally with rice straw every year1 but in addition1 every third or fourth year1 from eight inches to a foot of the earth under the trees is removed and new earth put in its place4 ,from these statements we get some idea of the amount of water the orange tree demands in the soil1 and the measure of moisture in the atmosphere1 to supply evaporation from its large evergreen leaf surface and fill its fruit with juice4 ,an apple tree is not an orange tree1 to be sure1 but when in leaf1 and bearing a heavy crop of fruit1 the farmer must necessarily make large drafts on the soil to meet the surface evaporation and supply the required juice to its fruit4 ,every tree in leaf is a pump1 constantly drawing on the soil and drying it1 and in all reasonable probability the drafts are in proportion to fruit and foliage4 ,has any body calculated the daily demand for moisture a twenty-five-year old ,northern ,spy1 or ,baldwin1 carrying twenty or thirty bushels of apples makes on the soil beneath and around it during the hot and dry months of ,august and ,september8 ,the quantity probably is largely in excess of the common estimate1 and perhaps not half required by the orange--but it is so much it affords a sufficient reason why such trees grow faster1 are healthier1 and bear more and better fruit1 on lands that are moist1 than on lands that are dry4 ,but orchards on high lands1 or on slopes1 or on slopes and ridges1 suffering for moisture1 can not be removed to low lands1 nor can they be irrigated1 except at an enormous expense4 ,what then can be done8 ,in the first place1 the annual rainfall can be held to the space it falls upon1 under the tree1 by the throwing up a furrow or ridge around it1 as far out as the limbs extend1 where the ground is level1 and by a dam on the lower side1 when the ground slopes4 ,the latter could also be made to stay a portion of the rain falling on the higher ground above4 ,further3 a general system of mulching ought to be adopted2 not for the purpose alone of keeping the surface moist1 but also for supplying food to the roots as the mulch decays4 ,if the orchard is in grass1 clover1 or weeds1 they should be mowed at least twice a year1 the burden suffered to lie on the ground and rot1 or be thrown under the trees4 ,after pruning1 the wood removed should either be left where it falls1 or piled in heaps about the orchard and suffered to rot as in the 8hammock0 land orange groves of ,florida1 where the under brush and extra timber is rarely burned1 but piled in heaps to rot away4 ,if it is desirable to bring barren trees into bearing1 or to rescue them from decay and death those in an unhealthy state1 measures of a more radical and expensive character must be taken1 measures similar to those which have been practiced for centuries with the grape vine1 with complete success4 ,these measures consist either in removing the earth under the trees and putting new and fresh earth in its place1 as practiced with orange trees in ,louisiana1 and on the coffee plantations in the tropics1 or in digging a deep and wide ditch around the tree1 inside the outer diameter of the branches1 and refilling it with near half the earth removed and half such mineral fertilizers and amendments as tree leaves and refuse decaying vegetable matter of any sort for the other half4 ,but nothing more than a general outline of the course to be pursued can be indicated here2 and nothing more is necessary for the intelligent amateur1 fruit-grower1 or orchardist1 who feels the strength of the proof1 and accepts the situation4 ,in these latter days most of the diseases which afflict humanity are believed to be attributable to improper nutrition and faulty hygiene1 and are relieved or cured by a more or less radical change in food and habitat4 ,in the animal world1 the truth appears in a still stronger light2 while in the vegetable kingdom1 nutrition counts for almost everything4 ,still1 in the case of the peach yellows and pear blight1 both appear1 on first sight1 to be distinct diseases1 neither yielding to any remedy yet applied to them1 and both being attended with the present fashionable bacteria1 which are made responsible for many diseases and all epidemics4 ,but has anybody yet made the experiment whether water supplied copiously to the spare and thin roots of the pear will or will not prevent the blight1 or tried the same thing with the peach8 ,we all know the gigantic and venerable pear trees of the ,wabash and ,kaskaskia country were planted on the sandy second bottoms of the rivers named1 where in their early youth1 if not in their mature age1 water was always within easy reach of their roots2 and we have seen the item in the agricultural papers telling how one experimenter at least1 has saved his pear trees from blight by copious watering4 ,the prairie and timber country both are drying out and losing soil moisture very much faster than we have any conception of4 ,situations where moisture in the soil was abundant enough for all crop purposes twenty-five years ago1 suffered quickly after a brief drought now1 and would be benefited by irrigation where it would have been injurious fifty years before4 ,beside1 we have borrowed many of our ideas from the fruit-growing experiences of the ,east1 and they from the cooler and moister countries of ,europe4 ,and in that way the amount of right teaching has been too attenuated1 until it is in many respects practically worthless4 ,b4 ,f4 ,j4 ,,the ,,model ,,illinois ,,nursery4 ,we have visited in our time very many nurseries both ,east and ,west4 ,we have seen those ,east where the elaboration of landscape gardening was made to add effect to and set off the nursery stock grown4 ,we have seen ,west hundreds of acres covered with stock in a single nursery4 ,yet we have never seen the perfection of details coupled with strict accuracy as to name in the varieties of stock grown1 united to evenness and vigor in growth1 nor a stricter method displayed in adaptation of varieties suited to the climate of the ,west1 added to the most perfect cultivation and handling of stock1 than at the premium nurseries of ,spaulding ,co41 near ,springfield1 ,ill4 ,these nurseries1 covering #cge acres originally1 of first-class land1 were thoroughly tile-drained1 at heavy expense before anything was planted thereon1 the land having been first cleaned and stumped of its timber4 ,thus1 the groundwork having been laid for a great and model nursery1 under the management of ,mr4 ,j4 ,b4 ,spaulding1 a well-known nurseryman of many years' standing in ,illinois1 and whose practical experience from a critical standpoint is perhaps broader than that of any man in the ,west1 it is not strange that whenever entered for premium before the ,state ,board of ,agriculture1 such should have been unanimously awarded by the committee of examination4 ,this1 however1 the records of the board will show4 ,in speaking of the artistic adornment of some old and extensive nurseries ,east1 we find this difference3 ,in the nurseries of ,mr4 ,j4 ,b4 ,spaulding the useful is never lost sight of4 ,mere ornament is not what strikes the visitor1 and yet the nursery is one beautiful picture in its varied and blending colors of fruit1 flowers1 and foliage2 for the orchard and garden are by no means neglected--the visitor can find the fruits themselves1 the crucial test4 ,it is worth the journey to see4 ,the immense stock1 the ample building1 the splendid drives1 the office connected with the ,western ,union ,telegraph lines by telephone1 and everything pertaining to the great nursery1 is kept in the most perfect condition4 ,blight and borers are strangers to their #aj1jjj orchard trees of pear1 peach1 chestnut1 and apples1 all of varieties unexcelled1 and adapted to the soil and climate of the ,west4 ,the real gist of the whole1 however1 lies in the record of sales of this nursery for the fall delivery just closed1 which amounts to nearly #abj1jjj4 ,the most gratifying success has attended the efforts of this firm in growing stock4 ,of #aej1jjj buds set the past season1 comprising cherries1 pears1 plums1 and peaches1 almost no rebudding has been required1 and their stand is unexampled4 ,it is not strange that the firm have the approval of the ,state ,board of ,agriculture and nurserymen of experience ,east and ,west1 especially from the large nurseries proprietors of ,western ,new ,york4 ,all unite in saying ,spaulding ,co4's grounds1 comprising upward of #cge acres1 thoroughly tile-drained1 for the growing of nursery stock1 are unsurpassed4 ,the #a1ejj1jjj one1 two1 and three-year old apple trees1 and #age1jjj one1 two1 and three-year old cherry trees--the latter budded on ,mahaleb roots1 imported from ,france--together with their enormous stock of evergreens1 pears1 roses1 shrubs1 etc41 are matchless in their perfection of growth1 whether it be from an ,eastern or ,western standpoint4 ,in driving through the nursery we were shown a large block of ,american chestnuts1 from five to eight feet high1 and thence were driven to the chestnut orchard nearly all in bearing4 ,the chestnut here seems fully as much at home as any other plant cultivated4 ,for the protection of their patrons against outside imposition1 each of their nearly one hundred selected salesmen are accredited with a certificate of agency4 ,the long experience of this firm1 being nearly thirty years in the business at ,springfield1 ,ill42 the reputation they enjoy2 the approval and indorsement they receive from the ,state--all commend this nursery to the favorable attention of those who have ground upon which to plant shrubbery or trees4 ,,the ,,basket ,,willow4 ,a correspondent wishes some information about the basket willow4 ,in ,onondaga county1 ,central ,new ,york1 this willow is cultivated and manufactured on a large scale and is1 in fact1 a leading industry4 ,the cultivation is increasing very rapidly and is a great benefit to this and neighboring counties4 ,the baskets made from this willow are better and cheaper than the splint basket1 and raising the stock is found to pay much better than other farm crops1 while the manufacture gives employment to hundreds of men1 women1 and children1 who would otherwise have nothing to do during the winter4 ,these willows are grown on high land and on low land1 on wet and dry land1 and on very cheap land1 and on land that is worth one thousand dollars per acre4 ,the crop needs to be planted but once1 and an average yearly crop can not be worth less than one hundred dollars per acre4 ,as the timber suitable for baskets is getting scarce and dear1 it is plain that the demand for willow will increase every year4 ,in most parts of the country are ,germans who understand working the willow1 and it is a great benefit to them and to their neighbors to have this industry introduced4 ,not one farmer in a dozen has on his place as many baskets as he needs1 for the reason that they are scarce and dear4 ,this willow is the easiest thing in the world to raise1 and yet we import from ,europe #e1jjj1jjj worth a year4 ,about two hundred tons of willow are manufactured every year in one little village in this ,state4 ,one man in ,syracuse told me he should send to ,new ,york this winter one hundred and forty tons of peeled willow1 mostly of his own growing4 ,in all the large cities more or less willow is manufactured every year1 and the amount thus worked in the city of ,milwaukee is very large4 ,this industry is a benefit to the whole community and deserves to be encouraged1 and the ,west especially should take a deep interest in extending it4 ,the fact that it gives employment to poor during the winter1 thus making comfort take the place of want1 should exert a great influence in its favor4 ,here then is a means by which the farmer can put money in his pocket and help his poor neighbor at the same time4 ,i have no interest in this matter as ,i do not raise1 buy1 or sell1 but ,i do know it has been a great blessing to our ,state4 ,there is one variety grown here that is much preferred to any other1 but ,i can not find out the true name for it4 ,even the man that brought it here does not know its name4 ,in a future number ,i will give directions for planting1 etc4 ,a4 ,m4 ,,williams ,,long ,,island1 ,n4 ,y4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,seeds1 ,etc4 ,illustration ,,vick',s ,,floral ,,guide ,for #ahhd is an ,elegant ,book of #aej ,pages1 #c ,colored ,plates of ,,flowers and ,,vegetables1 and more than #ajjj ,illustrations of the choicest ,flowers1 ,plants and ,,vegetables1 and ,directions for ,growing4 ,it is handsome enough for the ,center ,table or a ,,holiday ,,present4 ,send on your name and ,postoffice address1 with #aj cents1 and we will send you a copy1 post-paid4 ,this is not a quarter of its cost4 ,it is printed in both ,english and ,german4 ,if you afterwards order seeds deduct the #aj cents4 ,,vick',s ,,seeds ,,are ,,the ,,best ,,in ,,the ,,world4 ,the ,,floral ,,guide will tell how to get and grow them4 ,,vick',s ,,illustrated ,,monthly ,,magazine1 #cb ,pages1 a ,colored ,plate in every number and many fine ,engravings4 ,price #a4be a year2 ,five ,copies for #e4 ,specimen numbers sent for #aj cents2 #c trial copies #be cts4 ,address4 ,,james ,,vick1 ,rochester1 ,n4 ,y4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illustration3 ,,ferry',s ,,seed ,,annual ,,for #ahhd ,will be mailed ,,free ,,to ,,all applicants and to customers of last year without ordering it4 ,it contains illustrations1 prices1 descriptions and directions for planting all ,vegetable and ,flower ,seeds1 ,plants1 etc4 ,,invaluable ,,to ,,all4 ,d4 ,m4 ,,ferry ,,co4 ,,detroit1 ,mich4 99 99 99 99 99 ,j4 ,b4 ,,root ,,co4',s ,illustration ,illustr'd ,garden ,manual of ,,vegetable and ,,flower ,,seeds1 ready for all applicants4 ,market ,gardeners ,,seeds a ,specialty4 ,write for ,wholesale ,price-,list4 -- ,,sent ,,free ,,rockford1 ,,illinois4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,best ,,market ,,pear4 ,illustration3 ,,kieffer #ii1iii ,,peach ,,trees ,all best varieties of new and old ,strawberries1 ,currants1 ,grapes1 ,raspberries1 etc4 ,,early ,,cluster ,new ,blackberry1 early1 hardy1 good4 ,single hill yielded #ac quarts at one picking4 ,send for ,,free ,catalogue4 ,j4,s4 ,,collins1 ,moorestown1 ,n4,j4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,blue ,,stem ,,spring ,,wheat666 ,the best variety of ,prairie ,wheat known4 ,yields largely and is less liable to blight than any other variety4 ,also celebrated ,judson ,oats for sale in small lots4 ,samples1 statement of yield1 and prices sent free upon application to ,,sampson ,,french1 ,woodstock1 ,pipestone ,co41 ,minn41 or ,storm ,lake1 ,ia4 ,when you write mention ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,bloomington ,,nursery ,,co4 ,,bloomington1 ,,ill4 ,established #aheb1 by ,f4 ,k4 ,,ph,,nix ,incorporated #ahhc4 ,we offer for the ,spring ,trade a very large fine stock of every description of ,fruit ,ornamental ,,trees4 ,catalogue for ,spring of #ahhd now ready and mailed on application4 #fjj ,,acres4 #ac ,,greenhouses 99 99 99 99 99 ,,seeds ,our large ,,garden ,,guide describing ,cole's ,reliable ,seeds is ,,mailed ,,free ,,to ,,all4 ,we offer the ,,latest ,novelties in ,,seed ,,potatoes1 ,corn and ,oats1 and the ,best ,collection of ,vegetable1 ,flower1 ,grass and ,tree ,,seed4 ,everything is tested4 ,,cole ,,bro41 ,seedsmen1 ,,pella1 ,,iowa 99 99 99 99 99 ,,seed-,,potatoes and ,,seeds4 ,illustration #fj newest varieties of potatoes4 ,garden seeds4 ,seed ,grain1 etc41 at lowest prices4 ,illustrated catalogue and treatise on ,,potato ,,culture1 free4 ,j4 ,w4 ,,wilson1 ,austin1 ,ill4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,seeds6 ,,plants--,catalogue ,free4 ,a4 ,e4 ,,spalding1 ,,ainsworth1 ,,iowa4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illustration3 ,,seeds ,,for ,,the ,,garden1 ,,farm ,,field4 ,,established #ahde4 ,our ,annual ,catalogue1 mailed free on application1 published first of every ,january1 contains full description and prices of ,,reliable ,,vegetable1 ,,tree1 ,,field ,,and ,,flower ,,seed1 ,,seed ,,grain1 ,,seed ,,corn1 ,,seed ,,potatoes1 ,,onion ,,sets1 ,,etc2 ,,also ,,garden ,,drills1 ,,cultivators1 ,,fertilizers1 ,,etc41 with full information for growing and how to get our ,seeds4 ,address ,,plant ,,seed ,,company1 ,nos4 #hab #had ,n4 #dth ,st41 ,,st4 ,,louis1 ,,mo4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,sibley',s ,,tested ,,seeds1 ,for all ,climates1 ,for all ,soils1 ,all ,plants4 ,,every ,,sack ,,tested ,,for ,,vitality4 ,,all ,,tested ,,in ,,gardens ,,for ,,purity ,,and ,,value4 ,,catalogue ,,and ,,price ,,list ,,of ,,all ,,tested ,,varieties1 ,,free4 ,mail orders promptly filled1 making a ,seed ,store at home4 ,send for ,catalogue4 ,,hiram ,,sibley ,,co41 ,rochester1 ,n4,y4 and ,chicago1 ,ill4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,seeds ,,albert ,,dickinson1 ,dealer in ,timothy1 ,clover1 ,flax1 ,hungarian1 ,millet1 ,red ,top1 ,blue ,grass1 ,lawn ,grass1 ,orchard ,grass1 ,bird ,seeds1 c4 ,,pop ,,corn4 ,warehouses #aae1 #aag #aai ,kinzie ,st4 #ajd1 #ajf1 #ajh #aaj ,michigan ,st4 ,,office4 #aae ,kinzie ,st4 ,,chicago1 ,,ill4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,publishers' ,,notice4 ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer is printed and published by ,the ,prairie ,farmer ,publishing ,company1 every ,saturday1 at ,no4 #aej ,monroe ,street4 ,subscription1 #b4jj per year1 in advance1 postage prepaid4 ,subscribers wishing their addresses changed should give their old as well as new addresses4 ,advertising1 #be cents per line on inside pages2 #cj cents per line on last page--agate measure2 #ad lines to the inch4 ,no less charge than #b4jj4 ,all ,communications1 ,remittances1 c41 should be addressed to ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer ,,publishing ,,company1 ,chicago1 ,ill4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,prairie ,farmer ,,entered ,,at ,,the ,,chicago ,,office ,,as ,,second-,,class ,,matter4 ,,chicago1 ,,february #b1 #ahhd4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,when ,,subscriptions ,,expire4 ,we have several calls for an explanation of the figures following the name of subscribers as printed upon this paper each week4 ,the first two figures indicate the volume1 and the last figure or figures the number of the last paper of that volume for which the subscriber has paid3 ,,example3 ,john ,smith1 #ef-bf4 ,john has paid for ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer to the first of ,july of the present year1 volume #ef4 ,any subscriber can at once tell when his subscription expires by referring to volume and number as given on first page of the paper4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,our ,,premium ,,list4 ,revised1 extended1 and properly illustrated will this week be sent to every subscriber4 ,there must be something offered in it that every one needs or would like to have4 ,the terms are the most liberal ever offered4 ,all readers are hereby constituted agents to solicit subscriptions to ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer4 ,if those who can not enlist in the work will hand the ,,premium ,,list to some person who will do so1 they will confer a great favor upon the publishers and editors4 ,what we all want is to double our present list before the first day of ,april4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,renew6 ,,renew66 ,remember that every yearly subscriber1 either new or renewing1 sending us #b1 receives a splendid new map of the ,united ,states and ,canada--#eh #da inches--,,free4 ,or1 if preferred1 one of the books offered in another column4 ,it is not necessary to wait until a subscription expires before renewing4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,we ,,want ,,agents in every locality4 ,we offer very liberal terms and good pay4 ,send for sample copies and terms to agents4 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcriber's ,note3 ,original location of table of contents4 99 99 99 99 99 ,here is a little ,,prairie ,,farmer toast that we like1 and though we get such often1 we never tire of it4 ,it was prepared by ,mr4 ,j4 ,w4 ,hall1 of ,bates ,co41 ,mo43 8,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer1 the ,western man's friend4 ,it grows better all the time2 may it continue the good work40 ,we respond to all such toasts by striving to better deserve them every week in the year4 99 99 99 99 99 ,our esteemed correspondent1 ,alex4 ,ross1 this week tells farmers how they may keep their pork fresh for summer use4 ,it will be generally regretted1 we fear1 that ,mr4 ,ross did not contribute this article earlier in the season4 ,it is timely to those who have not yet salted their pork1 and for those who have1 the recipe will keep1 as well as the pork1 until another season4 ,do you all file ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer8 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,smiths have it this week6 ,we mean ,j4 ,m4 and ,j4 ,a41 one in the ,horticultural and the other in the ,dairy department of ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer4 ,if any agricultural paper of this week contains two more valuable essays than these two1 that is the publication we should like to see4 ,the dairymen have a little the best of it1 for dairymen all need good gardens1 and hence both essays meet their cases1 but the 8,farmer's ,garden0 is alone worth the subscription price of the paper to every farmer4 ,ought not the dairymen to subscribe for two copies8 99 99 99 99 99 ,if you are an active young man or young woman1 or if you are not so young and active as you used to be1 do not sit down and say to yourself that you can not secure some prize as offered in our premium list4 ,there is hardly a present subscriber who may not get others to subscribe1 or interest some one else to do so4 ,we propose to give away a great deal of money value in these prizes1 and the more we are called upon to give the better we like it1 for we know that while increasing our list we are at the same time widening the influence of the paper and conferring benefits upon the country4 ,be assured that we offer no 8snide0 or worthless articles4 ,we give genuine goods for genuine work4 99 99 99 99 99 ,they have a barbarous way of testing the comparative strength of draft horses in some parts of ,england4 ,at ,huddersfield the other day two owners secured the tail-ends of their carts together and then put their teams to the draft to see which would give way4 ,first one and then the other was drawn backward1 8while the macadam was torn up to the depth of five inches by their struggles40 ,the horses were kicked and beaten to make them do their best4 ,the ,london ,live ,stock ,journal says the brutes1 the men we mean1 not the horses1 were arrested and fined #e each for their fun4 ,it should have been #ejj apiece and imprisonment4 ,the whipping post is none too severe for such criminal inhumanity to man's most useful animal4 99 99 99 99 99 ,france has about one-half the agricultural implements in use that ,england has1 though the cultivated acres in ,france are greatly in excess of those of ,england4 ,the reason1 doubtless1 lies in the fact that ,french farms are very small and do not warrant the purchase of the larger labor-saving machines4 ,the manual labor of the members of the family is often sufficient to carry on almost all the operations of the little farm 8patches40 ,the late ,french census gives the following list of implements3 #d1hjj1jjj plow and diggers of various kinds1 #a1fej1jjj harrows1 #bj1jjj drills1 #ae1jjj mowing machines1 #ah1jjj reapers1 #fj1jjj chaff-cutters1 and #ee1jjj root-cutters4 ,as compared with our own country this is indeed a small showing4 ,we have dozens of reaper factories that turn out yearly more machines than are owned in all ,france4 99 99 99 99 99 ,our readers will notice that in our premium list1 as sent out last week1 the ,saskatchewan fife wheat is among the prominent offers4 ,here is a pointer showing the estimation in which the wheat is held by those who have grown it4 ,we take it from the ,detroit ,record3 8,last ,spring twenty-six members of the ,becker ,county ,farmers' ,union clubbed together to the extent of #e each for the purpose of giving the ,scotch fife wheat 7as grown in the ,saskatchawan ,valley7 a trial1 and the result has been most satisfactory4 ,thirteen bushels of the wheat were bought at #aj per bushel1 and ,iver ,christianson1 of ,richwood1 sowed it on thirteen acres of new land1 for one-fourth of the yield4 ,the wheat was threshed last ,wednesday and divided among the stockholders yesterday1 each receiving twelve bushels for his investment of five dollars1 the total yield being #djc bushels1 #fa pounds to the bushel1 of the finest quality of ,no4 #a hard4 ,mr4 ,wellman1 of whom the said wheat was purchased1 began growing the wheat several years ago from a few kernels received in a letter from the ,saskatchawan ,valley1 and the grain has been hand picked and kept perfectly clean each year40 ,the members of the club express themselves as perfectly satisfied with results and indorse the wheat in the highest manner4 ,in all our premiums we have aimed to select useful articles1 and such as are calculated to meet the wants of farmers and friends4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,northern ,illinois ,horticultural ,society held an interesting meeting at ,elgin last week4 ,the attendance was not large1 but included such life long leaders in ,illinois horticulture as ,a4 ,r4 ,whitney1 ,s4 ,g4 ,minkler1 ,j4 ,w4 ,cochrane1 ,d4 ,c4 ,schofield1 ,a4 ,bryant1 ,jr41 ,dr4 ,slade1 ,wm4 ,kellogg1 of ,wisconsin1 ,d4 ,wilmot ,scott1 ,h4 ,graves1 ,a4 ,l4 ,small1 ,l4 ,woodard1 and others4 ,the papers read were brief and excellent4 ,robert ,douglas1 ,o4 ,b4 ,galusha1 and ,samuel ,edwards1 who were not present contributed instructive essays4 ,the election for the ensuing year resulted in the choice of ,s4 ,m4 ,slade1 ,elgin1 ,president2 ,a4 ,bryant1 ,jr41 ,princeton1 ,j4 ,v4 ,cotta1 ,mt4 ,carroll1 and ,david ,hill1 ,dundee1 ,vice-,presidents2 ,d4 ,wilmot ,scott1 ,galena1 ,secretary2 ,e4 ,w4 ,graves1 ,sandwich1 and ,j4 ,s4 ,rodgers1 ,marengo1 ,recording ,secretaries4 ,the society voted to hold its next annual meeting at ,elgin4 ,we will give a digest of proceedings in next week's paper4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the alleged operations of certain patent sharks as recorded on third page of this paper reminds us of a couple of swindling operations humorously noticed in a late ,new ,york ,tribune1 viz3 ,certain ,michigan farmers gave their notes1 ranging from #ej to #ejj each1 for 8hulless oats10 payment to be made out of the crop produced at #a4ej per bushel4 ,but the ,i4 ,o4 ,u4's were promptly sold on liberal terms at the bank or elsewhere4 ,the persuasive agent 8lighted out10 and the victims now think they perceive symptoms of the cutting of belated teeth1 of the eye variety4 ,another interesting 8little game0 is this3 ,two men1 apparently strangers1 meet at a farm-house2 get acquainted2 arrange to stay over night4 ,during the long evening they make a bargain with each other for some piece of property1 draw writings1 and ask their host kindly to append his name as witness4 ,just as might have been expected1 the farmer's signature turns out to be the most important of the three1 since the document is so artfully constructed that by cutting it in two pieces one of them becomes a promissory note1 which is subsequently negotiated1 and1 under the present bad law1 has to be paid4--,in view of such occurrences as these 7still astonishingly common after years of repeated exposure by the press7 the aggressive 8,jabez0 of the ,tribune maintains that the countryman who doesn't treat as frauds all tramps1 no matter how well dressed1 who seek his autograph1 under any pretense whatever1 would better have given his time to reading and not learned to write1 for these bad signs indicate that he will never be forethoughtful enough in such emergencies to make his mark4 ,,mississippi ,,valley ,,hort4 ,,society ,the fifth annual meeting of the ,mississippi ,valley ,horticultural ,society held at ,kansas ,city1 ,mo41 ,january #bb-be1 was the most interesting and profitable ever held by this vigorous and valuable organization4 ,delegates were present from fourteen ,states1 covering the great water-shed embraced by the 8,father of ,waters10 and its tributaries--in and of itself1 an empire4 ,the personnel of this body was excellent2 it was a convention of practical1 brainy men1 alive to the interests of one of the most important pursuits in range of the rural industries4 ,the essays1 and the discussions they provoked1 were full of interest1 and highly instructive4 ,we have attended scores of such assemblies during the last quarter of a century2 none of them equaled this1 all things considered1 and we think this opinion was shared by the oldest and most prominent among those in attendance4 ,our columns1 as we find on our return home1 are too crowded this week to admit of publishing a synopsis of the proceedings1 but will make room for the eloquent1 touching1 and well-deserved tribute of the society to the memory of ,dr4 ,john ,a4 ,warder4 ,next week an epitome of the work of the convention will be given1 and two of the papers that were read will also appear1 to wit3 8,the ,best ,fruit ,packages10 by ,e4 ,t4 ,hollister1 of ,st4 ,louis1 ,mo41 and 8,the ,educational ,influence of ,horticulture10 by ,mr4 ,g4 ,a4 ,lyon1 of ,galesburg1 ,ill4 ,other valuable and interesting papers read at this meeting will soon appear in ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer2 among them1 ,prof4 ,s4 ,a4 ,forbes' paper on 8,insects ,affecting the ,strawberry0 7which is supplemental to a former paper which we published last year72 another by ,prof4 ,john ,w4 ,robson1 of ,cheever1 ,kansas1 on the 8,circulation of ,sap10 and others which are very useful1 on various leading horticultural topics4 ,the re-election of ,parker ,earle1 as ,president1 ,w4 ,h4 ,ragan1 ,secretary1 and ,t4 ,c4 ,evans1 ,treasurer1 was a fitting indorsement of the faithful and efficient services of these officers4 ,,when ,,it ,,is ,,time ,,to ,,resign4 ,we observe a general tendency this winter to re-elect about all the old officers of the various dairy1 horticultural and other meetings1 and this regardless of age or previous terms of office4 ,while this practice is highly complimentary to men who have held the positions1 and is a recognition of services well performed1 we think the more frequent infusion of new blood an excellent remedy for stagnation and other ills liable to creep into association management4 ,at several meetings this winter writers and speakers have expressed regret that more young men were not in attendance4 ,perhaps if the old members were a little more willing to give young men a fair proportion of the management there would be less cause of complaint in this direction4 ,we have often wondered at the tenacity with which some old and otherwise sensible men hold on to offices in ,state agricultural societies4 ,they indeed seem to think it a personal slight if they fail of renomination4 ,we have in mind one clever old gentleman1 now in almost every way ill-fitted for the position1 who has for long years held the office of president of a ,state ,association4 ,every member of the organization is aware that the days of this old gentleman's usefulness in the position have long since passed away1 yet he was re-elected almost by acclamation at a late annual meeting4 ,it was remarked1 in our hearing1 that some younger1 more vigorous and active man should be selected1 8but10 it was added1 8it would break the old man's heart to put another man in his place1 and that is the way all feel about it40 ,such a sentiment speaks well for the hearts of the members with whom the old gentleman is associated1 but less can be said of the judgment that is manifested4 ,we respect age1 especially if it has been attained while doing good service for the public4 ,but something is due to the present and the future as well as to the past4 ,it is to be regretted that men do not better recognize the fact that these little affairs of the world would move along just about as well if their management were sometimes resigned to other hands before death compels the change4 ,but such is seldom the case4 ,we have known a man1 once a president of a ,state ,agricultural ,society and long one of its vice-presidents1 who has really felt that many of his old friends and associates became his personal enemies the moment they aided in electing another man to his position4 ,he thinks them so still1 yet the fact is he has no more faithful1 well-wishing friends on earth4 ,it was one of those cases where public good demanded the sacrifice of private preference4 ,it will be better for all our organizations when such adherence to correct principles universally prevails1 or when failing faculties bring with them self-consciousness of weakening powers4 ,,locating ,,the ,,minnesota ,,state ,,fair4 ,the ,minnesota ,state ,agricultural ,association is now working under the provisions of the new law passed by the ,legislature last year4 ,this law entitles to vote delegates in the management of the ,state ,society1 from each county association holding a fair and paying premiums to the amount of the donation by the ,state to these local organizations4 ,at the late meeting at ,st4 ,paul over twenty county societies were represented4 ,it was also decided to allow one vote each to the ,state ,horticultural ,society1 and to the ,southern ,minnesota ,fair ,association4 ,the financial report showed that the ,state ,society received from all sources in #ahhc the sum of #ad1jfh4gh4 ,the disbursements amounted to a little less than this sum4 ,as it is a matter of interest everywhere to know what it costs1 by items1 to run a ,state society1 we here give them for ,minnesota3 ,salaries of officers and assistants1 #c1fja4ci2 printing and advertising1 #a1dae4fe2 general expenses1 #b1ebj4ig2 special ring purses1 #b1dcd2 premiums1 #c1ide4ej4 ,it will be seen that a little over sixty-one per cent of the whole amount of prize money went to the fast horse interest4 ,thus it is considered in ,minnesota that racing is worth more money to the ,state ,fair1 that is1 it brings more money from attendance and 8privileges10 than all the cattle1 farm horses1 swine1 sheep1 fowls1 farm products1 vegetables1 flowers1 machinery1 fine arts1 domestic products1 and everything else that can be brought out at the ,state exhibition4 ,we do not take ,minnesota as an example because it is any better or any worse than other ,states in this respect1 but to show to the farming people of this country wherein lie the attractions of the modern agricultural fair4 ,they are at liberty to draw their own conclusions4 ,these fairs are in their own hands1 or should be1 and if reforms are needed it is from them that they must emanate4 ,for several years there has been a feeling of intense rivalry between the ,fair ,association at ,minneapolis and the ,state ,society4 ,the rival fairs have been held at the same time1 and the result has been detrimental to both organizations4 ,we suppose the feeling had its birth in the commercial rivalry between the cities of ,st4 ,paul and ,minneapolis4 ,however this may have been1 or whether good or ill has resulted1 the ,state ,society and the farmers of the ,state are to be congratulated that a movement is on foot to obliterate all differences1 and to establish somewhere between the cities of ,st4 ,paul and ,minneapolis permanent fair grounds that shall secure to ,minnesota one of the greatest fairs of the ,northwest4 ,at the meeting1 about which we began to write1 it was resolved to instruct a committee1 appointed for the purpose1 to negotiate with the citizens of the two cities for eighty or one hundred acres of land for a permanent location of the ,state ,society4 ,it was also advocated to call upon the ,legislature for appropriations for the construction of permanent buildings4 ,,wayside ,,notes4 ,,by ,a ,,man ,,of ,,the ,,prairie4 ,i can't help remarking to myself as ,i read my two or three foreign agricultural papers1 how great is becoming the influence of ,american agriculture upon the farming of ,great ,britain4 ,our ways are gradually insinuating themselves into ,british practice and it will not be long before our respected 8cousins0 will be ready to acknowledge that we have in great part paid off the debt we owe them for the many lessons in methods of thorough culture and intelligent breeding they have given us4 ,what has led me to mention this matter is an item in a ,london journal showing a tendency to bring beef stock to the block at an earlier age than has formerly prevailed in that country4 ,it was not until inaugurated at the ,chicago ,fat ,stock ,show1 ,i believe1 that the ,english ever took it into their heads to make a record of average daily gain of bullocks for their ,fat ,stock ,shows1 or of the amount of food it took to bring them into show condition4 ,it is only lately that stock raisers there have thought about selling by weight instead of the 8guess0 of the buyer4 ,farm scales are not half enough in use here1 but we are manifold ahead of the farmers of ,great ,britain in this respect4 ,it was only after ,americans had pronounced upon the benefits of the silo that ,british farmers thought it worth their while to experiment with the innovation from across the channel4 ,but about this early maturity question3 ,i notice that a correspondent of the ,yorkshire ,post mentions that at the late ,fat ,stock ,show two ,prize ,hereford bullocks weighing 7dressed7 #hif pounds1 and #gjj pounds1 were aged respectively one year1 nine months1 and five days1 and one year1 seven months1 and twenty-two days4 ,at the ,grimsby show there were two ,short-horns weighing #ad cwt4 and #ac cwt4 live weight1 the first being one year and nine months old1 and the other one year1 nine months1 and fourteen days4 ,they took the second prize as grazing steers4 ,i don't need to mention anything about the new farm implements we have given the old country1 nor the many modifications that her own implements1 wagons1 etc41 are undergoing1 especially in the way of lightness in construction1 that are directly traceable to the influence of ,american manufacture4 ,indeed1 if the intelligent and unprejudiced ,englishman of to-day who is familiar with our agriculture will sit down and reflect upon the subject he will readily acknowledge that the influence of the ,united ,states upon the political ideas of ,england has not been more marked than it has upon her agricultural ideas and practices4 99 99 99 99 99 ,and while ,i have strayed so far away from home for a subject for a 8note0 ,i may as well stay there long enough to say that the ,english dog is not a whit less fond of mutton than is the average canine of this country4 ,and further1 it does not seem that ,british law regarding the protection of sheep is at all in advance of ours1 either in its provisions or the manner of its enforcement4 ,in ,cheshire1 for instance1 dogs1 in the course of the first two weeks of this year1 killed #adj sheep valued at #a1ejj1 and the most that was done about it was to hunt up the offending cur--no it was not a cur but a ,retriever--and kill it4 ,the dog is a great favorite in ,england1 certainly he seems there as here to have more friends than the sheep that clothes and feeds4 ,when will man1 anywhere1 become fully civilized and humanized8 99 99 99 99 99 ,i met a ,wisconsin tobacco and corn-grower the other day1 and he was bluer than a pipe stem4 ,the frost last fall cut off both his corn and his tobacco4 ,he said he had actually nothing to sell but a little wrapper tobacco which grew in a protected place1 and now the ,government had nipped his hopes for this in the bud by declaring that ,sumatra tobacco should be admitted into the country on a duty of #ce cents per pound1 while it is acknowledged that it is worth at least five times as much as the best ,wisconsin with which it competes4 ,probably a later decision by ,secretary ,folger that this ,sumatra leaf must pay #ge cents per pound has done one of his sores some good4 ,the only thing ,i could then1 or can now1 recommend as good for the other--caused by the untimely frost--is1 that he no longer put all his eggs in one or two baskets4 ,i am convinced that for farmers of moderate means through the acceptance of the doctrine of diversified farming alone lies their permanent and universal salvation from financial hades in this world4 99 99 99 99 99 ,in the ,punjaub1 ,british ,india1 there was last year an outbreak of the cattle plague4 ,the authorities took hold of the matter1 and by means of isolation of affected cattle and the prescriptions of the veterinarians1 the disease was completely eradicated4 ,the authorities were jubilant over their success4 ,the natives were congratulated on being ruled over by a ,government which kept such excellent watch over their interests4 ,but the natives1 while they admitted the existence of the disease1 wherein they were more intelligent or less prejudiced than are some of our citizens regarding pleuro-pneumonia1 did not have a much better opinion of the vets and commissioners than your correspondent1 ,b4 ,f4 ,j41 seems to have4 ,they said to an official3 8,yes1 sahib1 the isolation of cattle gave great trouble1 and the salutries' hunger was difficult to appease4 ,when they had left the village1 we got a holy man1 who drew a line on the ground round the herd4 ,then he got on horseback and rode round the herd1 sprinkling water and repeating the creed4 ,it was that which cured the cattle40 ,what we farmers want is the isolation and the vets4' advice1 and if ,mr4 ,allerton and ,gen4 ,singleton have a 8holy man0 at command to draw a line about the infected herds1 perhaps we can get rid of the disease1 and thus all parties will be satisfied4 ,,letter ,,from ,,champaign4 ,we have now 7,january #be7 had forty days of snow1 and nearly uninterrupted good sleighing1 and the end is not yet--neither of snow nor sleighing1 for there is fully a foot of the former now on the ground1 and few1 if any1 bare spots4 ,but the steady cold is quite as uncommon as the snow or sleighing1 and will make the winter of #ahhc-hd a memorable one4 ,another remarkable feature is the low range of the thermometer where mild winters are thought to be insured by the latitude4 ,thus1 ,central and ,southern ,kansas and ,missouri have had as cold weather as ,central ,illinois--a good example of which was the #bg degrees below zero registered at ,makanda1 a few miles north of ,cobden1 ,ill41 while the lowest point reached1 #bjj miles further north1 was only a degree or two lower4 ,it may be winter will break up soon--and it may be deeper snows and intenser cold are in store for us1 as in some other winters of great severity4 99 99 99 99 99 ,at any rate1 the protracted cold and snow which takes all pasturage out of the account in carrying stock1 is making very heavy drafts on hay1 grain1 and fodder of all kinds and it looks now as if the big hay crop of this section will be fed out before spring4 ,as for corn1 the most of which is soft and has no grade and no sale as a merchantable commodity1 except for feeding where it grew--is being very lavishly fed to stock of all kinds1 as the most profitable way to get rid of it4 ,accounts from ,nebraska and ,northwest ,kansas report corn in very little better condition than in ,central ,illinois1 and dealers who bought and cribbed it early in the season are reputed badly caught4 99 99 99 99 99 ,there is nothing new to report in respect to the condition of winter wheat4 ,so long as snow covers the ground it is safe2 and after1 it will come through if the weather is warm1 or cold and wet1 and there is little freezing and thawing to thaw it out of the ground4 ,it is thought by those who have given the subject some attention1 that though the buds of fruit trees may be killed or badly damaged by the intense cold1 and though the wood was not thoroughly ripened last year1 the ground not being frozen and the earth being covered by snow at the time1 the vitality of the trees will remain unimpaired4 ,it is the experience of ,vermont and ,maine orchardists1 that if snow falls before the ground freezes to any considerable depth1 apple trees effectually resist any degree of cold4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the latest contribution of facts going to establish the new departure in respect to the location of orchards1 comes from a farmer of ,geauga county1 ,ohio4 ,he writes to the ,country ,gentleman of a late date as follows3 8,there was little fruit the past season1 and as in many former years1 orchards on high lands bore only a few defective apples4 ,such orchards have not borne much for several years1 while orchards on low lands1 somewhat protected1 have borne large crops of fair fruit4 ,my orchards on low land1 protected by evergreens1 have brought me several hundred dollars a year for several years1 while the orchards on high lands1 a little west1 have not borne enough for family use for some years40 ,who will tell ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer about the many orchards of ,livingston county1 ,ill41 which produced1 last year1 very remarkable crops of fine apples--a fact which raised the value of land in that county several dollars per acre8 ,b4 ,f4 ,j4 ,,an ,,eloquent ,,tribute4 ,the following eloquent tribute to the late ,dr4 ,john ,a4 ,warder was written by ex-,gov4 ,j4 ,sterling ,morton1 of ,nebraska1 chairman of the memorial committee at the late meeting of the ,mississippi ,valley ,horticultural ,society at ,kansas ,city4 ,in its estimation of the man and his work it is appreciative and just3 ,ingersoll himself could not surpass it in the sublimity of its pathos4 ,to be thus commemorated in the minds and words of men is the lot of few1 and those only who have lived exalted1 useful lives1 and whose glowing hearts have kindled the fires of friendship and love in the breasts of friends and associates in life's cares and labors4 ,mr4 ,morton said3 ,as guests register their names at a hotel1 depart1 and are forgotten1 so humanity1 stopping for a short time on the earth1 makes its autograph upon the age and sets out upon its returnless journey to that realm whence come neither tidings nor greetings4 ,each individual of the race leaves some trace of his existence on the generation in which he lives1 and considerable numbers transmit their names to posterity italicised in good deeds or embalmed in noble and elevating thought4 ,the desire to be remembered and esteemed by those who come after us1 seems to be1 with the better and more exalted minds1 a greater inspiration to high intellectual effort than the mere plaudits of cotemporaries4 ,as on the stage1 those actors who play best their parts are recalled and applauded after the curtain has fallen1 so those in the brief drama of life1 who have best performed their duties are1 after their mortal costumes have been forever laid away in restful graves1 again called out by their admiring cotemporaries1 and thus their intellectual and moral personalities reappear before the lights1 amidst tumultuous and emulative applause4 ,it is the duty and pleasure of your committee1 gentlemen of the ,mississippi ,valley ,horticultural ,society1 in harmony with this line of reflection1 to bring before you the character and services of the recently deceased ,dr4 ,john ,a4 ,warder1 of ,ohio4 ,his naturally strong mental faculties were led out and trained1 in school and college1 to a full and vigorous stature4 ,his chosen profession of medicine1 in the earlier years of his manhood1 occupied his entire thought and stimulated him to untiring labor of mind and body1 and1 at the same time1 gave him also that culture of the heart which1 through his refined1 emotional nature1 was ever incarnating itself in delicate acts of kindness and generosity toward those who needed sympathy or friends4 ,but he turned at last from his professional studies--from the books in his library--to those broader investigations of the mysteries of life and growth of flowers1 fruits and forests1 to which the fields1 orchards1 and wild woods of ,ohio ever allured him4 ,his childhood and youth had passed amidst the rustic scenes of a home in the country1 on a farm2 and as the seashell1 though ever so long and far away from its home in the surf1 will1 when placed to the ear always moan of its ocean home1 so his great and tender soul ever yearned for a life among the flora and sylvia of youth4 ,his brave and benignant spirit explored all avenues of knowledge which led into flowering fields and orchards4 ,to his eye every blossom was a poem2 to his quick perception every tree a book full of useful and agreeable teachings4 ,and to the study of these volumes--these continued annuals--fresh in new binding1 embellishment1 and gilding every summer and autumn1 ,dr4 ,warder devoted the choicest years of his mature manhood4 ,it is the enthusiast of a cause who gives vitality and propulsive power4 ,dr4 ,warder was an enthusiast in horticulture and in forestry4 ,to advance the race in those two vocations no labor was too great for him to undertake1 no sacrifice too severe for him joyfully to make4 ,at his own expense he went into fresh territories and ,states1 preaching1 as a missionary of a new gospel1 the importance and necessity of orcharding and tree planting4 ,his thoughts were strewn1 like precious seeds1 among the dwellers on the prairies of ,nebraska1 ,dakota1 ,wyoming1 ,minnesota and the ,northwest4 ,and they took root1 so that the concepts of thousands of groves and orchards1 which now stand as living monuments to his useful life1 came from his own philanthropic brain4 ,in his mind miniature forests grew on every prairie1 and golden fruit flashed in the autumn sunlight of every hill-side4 ,he knew no limit to his love of horticulture and arboriculture4 ,he was earnest2 he was active1 sincere1 and his vitgraph is written wherever flowers bloom1 fruits ripen1 and forests wave all over the country he loved so well and served so modestly1 efficiently1 and faithfully4 ,his example is worthy of the emulation of our sons and of their sons4 ,and standing at his grave it is meet and proper for this society to recall his noble services to its cause1 to wish that1 with each recurring year his memory may1 like the flowers and foliage he studied so well1 be clothed in new verdure and its fragrance perpetuated as a grateful perfume4 ,resolved--,that the ,mississippi ,valley ,horticultural ,society deplores the death of its friend and active member1 ,dr4 ,john ,a4 ,warder of ,ohio2 that our sincere condolence is extended to his family1 and that we recommend to kindred societies throughout the ,northwest the planting of memorial trees and groves to commemorate his labors1 his achievements1 and his philanthropy as a skilled orchardist and forester4 ,,selection ,,of ,a ,,site ,,for ,a ,,park4 7,continued from ,page #fe47 were squatters of the lowest class living in hovels4 ,the construction of the ,central ,park1 and the opening of the streets in its neighborhood1 changed the whole character of the surrounding region4 ,in the ten years succeeding the commencement of work upon the park1 the increased valuation of taxable property in the wards immediately adjacent was no less than fifty-four millions of dollars1 affording a surplus of three millions after paying the interest on all the city bonds issued for the purchase and construction of the park1 a sum sufficient if used as a sinking fund to pay the entire principal and interest of the cost of the park in less time than was required for its construction4 ,a similar instance of the profitable conversion of a deserted and forbidding region into a rich and elegant quarter of a city1 is afforded by the ,park des ,butte ,chaumont in ,paris4 ,it occupies the site of old abandoned slate quarries1 the precipitous walls and rough excavations of which have been converted into picturesque scenery by judicious treatment and tasteful planting1 so as to give it the appearance of a wild mountain gorge4 ,the result has been that its vicinity has become a rich and elegant quarter1 simply because it has been made attractive to the large and constantly growing class who are seeking pleasant residence sites within easy access of their places of business4 ,these illustrations will suffice to prove the truth of my assertion1 that the objects of most essential importance to a city in the creation of a park will be attained by selecting for its location a site which is naturally undesirable or even repulsive and converting it into an attractive quarter1 rather than one which combines all the elements of beauty and health1 and as a consequence is so desirable for residences1 that it can only be had at great cost4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,illinois ,state ,dairymen's ,association will hold its next annual meeting at ,champaign1 ,december #ag-ai1 #ahhd4 ,champaign ,county ,agricultural ,society has adopted a resolution1 pledging aid in getting up a first-class meeting4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,remember that #b4jj pays for ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer one year1 and the subscriber gets a copy of ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer ,,county ,,map ,,of ,,the ,,united ,,states1 ,,free6 ,this is the most liberal offer ever made by any first-class weekly agricultural paper in this country4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illustration ,,poultry ,,notes4 ,poultry-,raisers1 ,write for ,your ,paper4 ,,what ,,ails ,,the ,,pullets8 ,,dear ,,fanny ,,field--,please be kind enough to tell me what ails the pullets8 ,we have fifty or sixty spring pullets hatched in ,april and ,may1 from which by this time we expected to get eggs plentifully1 and it stretches our patience to get only from one to five eggs per day4 ,they have an underground room with only the front exposed1 well lighted1 and we have fed them till they are fat4 ,we feed them a warm breakfast of potatoes and bran1 or oats ground1 with a little pepper occasionally1 then an hour or two later oats1 and again at night oats or corn1 about three times a week4 ,plaster1 coal1 and gravel are liberally supplied4 ,they have milk and now and then powdered bones1 or refuse meat1 cooked4 ,by an accident a fine one of over four pounds' weight was killed1 and ,i had supposed she ought to lay as she was one of my earliest1 but on investigation ,i found eggs from a hickory nut down to shot eggs1 that were black or dark and hard1 and ,i readily conjectured if the rest were like her it was not strange we had no eggs4 ,please tell us the cause and cure4 ,our fowls are mixed1 light and dark ,brahmas1 ,leghorns and everything you would get by changing eggs with the neighbors4 ,we have added ,plymouth ,rocks of late1 having more of them than any other4 ,we save the best ,rock roosters each year4 ,it is the more surprising as our fowls usually lay well4 ,please help us if you can1 and oblige a subscriber4 ,,mrs4 ,c4 ,h4 ,r4 ,,marengo1 ,,iowa4 ,,that ,,duck ,,farm4 ,,dear ,,fanny ,,field--,i have often thought ,i would write you through our dear old ,,prairie ,,farmer1 but the old thief1 procrastination1 stole my time4 ,but reading your description of 8,a ,duck ,farm0 aroused all the ambition ,i have1 and the editor willing 7,i not being one of the number knowing your private address7 would like to ask a few questions ,i consider 8necessary10 and will promise to abide by the terms given in 8,chats with ,correspondents0 of ,january #eth1 as near as possible4 ,i don't wonder the woman owning the 8duck farm0 wished to withhold her name and whereabouts from the public generally1 besides guarding her pen with 8well-trained dogs0 if she has ducks she can induce to lay #abe or even #ajj eggs per season1 nine and one third of which will hatch out ducklings that will all live to be grown ducks4 ,take an average of #aac and the ducks will lay #a1hjh eggs per season1 and she sells #ajj worth at #c per doz4 making #djj2 then she sends #bd doz4 to ,new ,york1 then raises 8#a1ajj ducks on the place10 making in all1 #a1ghh1 which1 taken from the #a1hjh leaves #bj eggs for non-hatchers and dead ducklings4 ,this ,i call pretty close work4 ,i have had some little experience with ducks1 and ,i can only get them to lay from sixty to seventy eggs per season1 and about one eighth of the eggs don't hatch 7from various causes7 and about the same amount of ducklings die4 ,now if you will be kind enough to reveal the woman's whereabouts to me ,i would like to invest if she will warrant them to come up to your figures2 also1 is the said woman a widow8 ,now ,miss ,fanny 7if such you are7 please excuse my familiarity4 ,as ,i have perused your writings with such pleasure1 ,i feel well acquainted1 so strike me as hard as you please1 but remember there is a hereafter4 ,i have several facts in regard to my fowls for another time providing ,i gain admission4 ,a4 ,,sucker4 ,,de ,,witt ,,co41 ,,ill4 ,,from ,,new ,,hampshire4 ,eggs are worth thirty-three cents per dozen here4 ,the hens are not laying nearly as many as they were at this time last year4 ,can any one tell the reason8 ,farmers ought to pay more attention to the hens4 ,they do pay1 and pay big if properly cared for4 ,give them hot feed in the morning1 consisting of bran1 corn meal1 beef scraps1 a little salt and a little cayenne pepper4 ,don't make them drink ice water these cold days4 ,give them wheat and oats at noon1 and whole corn at night4 ,the warmer your house is the more profit you will reap4 ,i don't care whether your fowls are pure bloods or not1 if you take good care of them they will give you eggs4 ,a good neighbor of mine says that his pure ,plymouth ,rocks do not lay as many eggs as his common 8old fashioned0 fowls4 ,shall ,i raise a tempest among the breeders8 ,g4 ,g4 ,a4 ,,hudson1 ,n4 ,h4 ,illustration ,,the ,,apiary4 ,,corn-,,silk ,,protection4 ,a correspondent of 8,gleanings0 writes3 ,i winter on the summer stands1 and pack them a little differently from most persons4 ,i spread the combs so that eight or nine will fill same space occupied in summer by ten4 ,then placing sticks crosswise of the frames1 to allow a passway for the bees1 ,i spread a cloth above them1 and pack on the top of this two or three inches of corn-silks4 ,for packing1 these are superior to anything ,i have yet seen or heard of4 ,they are clean1 and excellent non-conductors1 and will more readily absorb the moisture than either chaff or saw-dust1 and yet remain perfectly dry4 ,they are easily collected by a boy when men are husking in the fields2 and when taken off in the spring can be stored away for another winter4 ,knowing the value of them by experience1 ,i hope that many of our brother bee-keepers will give them a fair trial4 ,,feeding ,,back4 ,the question of 8feeding back0 honey to bees was discussed at the ,michigan ,state ,convention at ,flint4 ,w4 ,z4 ,hutchinson had had a poor season2 but as he had mentioned incidentally that he had practiced 8feeding back10 it brought down upon him a shower of questions4 ,in feeding back #a1jjj pounds of extracted honey1 he had received #hjj pounds of comb honey4 ,had tiered up the cases of sections until they were three or four cases high4 ,had fed the honey as fast as they would take it4 ,looked the sections over about once a week1 and removed the full ones4 ,some colonies did much better work than others4 ,after the first trial1 selected the best4 ,no honey was coming in at the time of the feeding2 did not weigh the hives2 weighed only the sections and the amount4 ,he had a friend who had fed back upon exactly the same plan1 but his friend had not found it profitable4 ,he thought that to know just how to feed back1 at a profit1 was not yet positively known4 ,d4 ,a4 ,jones3 ,the question of feeding back has but few advocates1 for the reason that the majority have failed to make it profitable4 ,to be successful in feeding back there must be no place in the hive in which the bees can store honey1 except in the sections4 ,those hives must be selected that contain the most honey1 or else those having but few combs4 ,my plan of feeding is to elevate the hives in front and pour the feed in upon the bottom-board4 ,the bees do not carry the honey out of the hives2 they must store it somewhere4 ,bee-keepers fail to make it pay1 because the bees had an empty brood-chamber4 ,section boxes filled with foundation had been given a colony at #i ,a4 ,m42 feeding commenced1 and the next day1 at evening1 the bees had commenced capping some of the sections4 ,fifty-two pounds of honey was fed1 and forty-four pounds of comb honey obtained4 ,to get unfinished sections filled1 and at the same time have the honey removed from some other unfinished sections1 ,i put the sections that ,i wish emptied1 over the hive1 and the ones that ,i wish finished1 in the main body of the hive1 keeping the queen out of them by using perforated zinc4 ,w4 ,z4 ,hutchinson3 ,will not pouring in honey at the entrances excite robbing8 ,d4 ,a4 ,jones3 ,i do not pour it in at the entrance4 ,i pour it down inside the hive at the back4 ,w4 ,z4 ,hutchinson3 ,you speak of using perforated zinc4 ,i should like to know something about that4 ,do the bees work through it freely8 ,is there any objection to its use1 except its cost8 ,and where is the expense8 ,is it in the material1 or in the preparations8 ,d4 ,a4 ,jones3 ,it is in no way detrimental4 ,the bees work through it freely4 ,i see no objection to its use except its cost1 and its cost is the preparations4 ,tin would be no cheaper1 for the reason that it comes in smaller sheets1 and the waste would be greater4 ,w4 ,z4 ,hutchinson3 ,i have used honey boards the past season made of wood1 the slats of which were #e-cb of an inch apart1 and they answered every purpose2 and are cheaper than zinc4 ,s4 ,t4 ,pettitt3 ,i can hardly think the wooden boards would be better than the zinc4 ,it would take some time to make them1 while the zinc is all ready1 and so lasting4 ,w4 ,z4 ,hutchinson3 ,the wood boards cost only a third as much as the zinc and ,i prefer them4 ,,bee ,,pasturage4 ,at the late ,nebraska ,bee-keepers' ,convention ,mr4 ,ballard spoke very highly of dandelion and alsike clover1 stating that he had seen four or five bees on one blossom of dandelion1 and recommends alsike clover1 as it will take root on the prairie4 ,g4 ,m4 ,cooper1 ,beatrice1 gave it as his opinion that white clover did not secrete any honey last spring1 on account of the cool weather4 ,p4 ,m4 ,aldrich said that his bees worked on rape long after frost4 ,no one present had ever seen rape fail4 ,mr4 ,colwell sowed the roadside twice last year1 and had a continuous bloom all summer1 and late in the fall2 puts one peck to the acre on the roadside4 ,mr4 ,hawley sows about six pounds of rape seed per acre4 ,mr4 ,colwell's bees have a great feast on box elder sap1 early in spring4 ,mr4 ,hawley has sown rape several times1 but the bees only gathered fast enough to build up2 he can tell when his bees are gathering rape honey1 by the odor4 ,c4 ,c4 ,turney1 ,ceresco1 had seen bees work very extensively on the blackberry1 both blossom and fruit1 and also on parsley4 ,wm4 ,sutton1 ,elk ,creek1 saw his bees on raspberry and alsike clover2 they did a great deal to stimulate his bees1 although the quantity is limited in his locality2 they bloom about the middle of ,june4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ancient ,egyptians of the ,nile had floating bee-houses1 designed to take advantage of the honey harvest4 ,they were warned when it was time to return home by the depth to which the boat sank in the water under the weight of the cargo of honey4 ,that the bees might not be lost1 they were obliged to journey during the night-time4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,standard ,,books4 ,,price1 ,,only ,,five ,,dollars4 ,american ,roadsters --,,and-- ,,trotting ,,horses1 ,,being ,a ,,sketch ,,of ,,the ,trotting ,stallions of the ,united ,states4 ,,and ,a ,treatise on the ,breeding of the ,same1 ,,with ,,an ,,appendix ,showing the ,pedigrees and ,breeding1 so far as known of all ,trotters that have a ,record in #b3be or better1 and containing much ,practical ,matter relating to the ,breaking ,management1 and ,treatment of ,trotting and ,breeding ,stock4 ,,illustrated ,,with ,,portraits ,,of ,hambletonian1 ,bellfounder1 ,administrator1 ,almont1 ,edward ,everett1 ,florida1 ,thorndale1 ,byron1 ,voltaire1 ,lakeland ,abdallah1 ,governor ,sprague1 ,cuyler1 ,gimcrack1 ,vermont ,blackhawk1 ,mambrino ,patchen1 and other great ,stallions4 ,,by ,h4 ,t4 ,,helm1 ,,counselor ,,at ,,law4 ,the most original1 complete1 instructive1 and entertaining book on ,trotting ,horses ever published4 ,several ,single ,chapters are each worth the price of the book4 ,the ,illustrations are the finest ever included in any book on horses4 ,nearly six hundred pages4 ,,price1 ,,five ,,dollars4 ,for sale by the ,,prairie ,,farmer ,,publishing ,,co4 #aej ,,monroe ,,st41 ,,chicago1 ,,ill4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,swine ,,husbandry4 ,a ,practical ,manual --,,for ,,the-- ,,breeding1 ,,rearing1 ,,and ,,management ,,of ,,swine4 --,,and ,,the-- ,prevention and ,treatment of ,their ,diseases4 ,,by ,f4 ,d4 ,,coburn1 ,a ,western ,practical ,farmer and ,breeder ,,illustrated4 ,,contents3 ,breeds of ,swine1 their ,characteristics and ,worth4 ,raising and ,fattening ,swine4 ,diseases of ,swine1 ,practical ,information as to their ,causes1 ,symptoms1 ,prevention1 and ,cure4 ,price1 by mail1 postpaid1 #a4ge4 ,,prairie ,,farmer ,,publishing ,,co41 ,chicago4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,agents ,,wanted1 ,male and ,female1 for ,spence's ,blue ,book1 a most fascinating and salable novelty4 ,every family needs from one to a dozen4 ,immense profits and exclusive territory4 ,sample mailed for #be;cts in postage stamps4 ,address ,j4,h4 ,,clarson1 ,p4,o4 ,box #bbif1 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,railroads4 ,illustration ,a ,,man ,,who ,,is ,,unacquainted ,,with ,,the ,,geography ,,of ,,this ,,country ,,will ,,see ,,by ,,examining ,,this ,,map ,,that ,,the ,,chicago1 ,,rock ,,island ,,pacific ,r',y ,by the central position of its line1 connects the ,east and the ,west by the shortest route1 and carries passengers1 without change of cars1 between ,chicago and ,kansas ,city1 ,council ,bluffs1 ,leavenworth1 ,atchison1 ,minneapolis and ,st4 ,paul4 ,it connects in ,union ,depots with all the principal lines of road between the ,atlantic and the ,pacific ,oceans4 ,its equipment is unrivaled and magnificent1 being composed of ,most ,comfortable and ,beautiful ,day ,coaches1 ,magnificent ,horton ,reclining ,chair ,cars1 ,pullman's ,prettiest ,palace ,sleeping ,cars1 and the ,best ,line of ,dining ,cars in the ,world4 ,three ,trains between ,chicago and ,missouri ,river ,points4 ,two ,trains between ,chicago and ,minneapolis and ,st4 ,paul1 via the ,famous 8,,albert ,,lea ,,route40 ,a ,new and ,direct ,line1 via ,seneca and ,kankakee1 has recently been opened between ,richmond1 ,norfolk1 ,newport ,news1 ,chattanooga1 ,atlanta1 ,augusta1 ,nashville1 ,louisville1 ,lexington1 ,cincinnati1 ,indianapolis and ,lafayette1 and ,omaha1 ,minneapolis and ,st4 ,paul and intermediate points4 ,all ,through ,passengers ,travel on ,fast ,express ,trains4 ,tickets for sale at all principal ,ticket ,offices in the ,united ,states and ,canada4 ,baggage checked through and rates of fare always as low as competitors that offer less advantages4 ,for detailed information1 get the ,maps and ,folders of the ,,great ,,rock ,,island ,,route1 ,at your nearest ,ticket ,office1 or address ,r4,r4 ,,cable1 ,vice-,pres4 ,gen'l ,m'g'r1 ,e4 ,,st4 ,,john1 ,gen'l ,tkt4 ,pass4 ,agt4 ,,chicago4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,maps4 ,,rand1 ,mc,n,a,l,l,y ,,co4',s ,,new ,,railroad --,,and-- ,,county ,,map --,,of ,,the-- ,,united ,,states --,,and-- ,,dominion ,,of ,,canada4 ,size1 #d #b feet1 mounted on rollers to hang on the wall4 ,this is an ,,entirely ,,new ,,map1 ,constructed from the most recent and authentic sources4 --,,it ,,shows-- ,,all ,,the ,,railroads1 --,,and-- ,,every ,,county ,,and ,,principal ,,town --,,in ,,the-- ,,united ,,states ,,and ,,canada4 ,a useful ,map in every one's home1 and place of business4 ,,price1 #b4jj4 ,agents wanted1 to whom liberal inducements will be given4 ,address ,,rand1 ,mc,n,a,l,l,y ,,co41 ,chicago1 ,ill4 ,by arrangements with the publishers of this ,map we are enabled to make the following liberal offer3 ,to each person who will remit us #b4be we will send copy of ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer ,one ,year and ,,this ,,map ,,postpaid4 ,address ,,prairie ,,farmer ,,publishing ,,co41 ,,chicago1 ,,ill4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,drainage4 ,,practical ,,farm ,,drainage4 ,,why1 ,,when1 and ,,how ,,to ,,tile-,,drain --,,and ,,the-- ,,manufacture ,,of ,,drain-,,tile4 ,by ,c4,g4 ,,elliott and ,j4,j4,w4 ,,billingsley ,,price1 ,,one ,,dollar4 ,for sale by ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer ,,publishing ,,co41 #aej ,monroe ,st41 ,chicago1 ,ill4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,shepherd',s ,,manual ,a ,,practical ,,treatise ,,on ,,the ,,sheep4 ,designed ,especially for ,american ,shepherds ,,by ,,henry ,,stewart4 ,finely ,illustrated ,,price1 #a4ej1 by mail1 postpaid4 ,address ,,prairie ,,farmer ,,publishing ,,co41 ,chicago4 99 99 99 99 99 #b4jj4 ,,for ,,this ,,amount ,,we ,,will send a copy of ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer for one year1 also a handsome ,colored ,map of the ,united ,states and ,canada--size1 #d #b feet4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,remember that #b4jj pays for ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer one year and1 the subscriber gets a copy of ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer ,,county ,,map ,,of ,,the ,,united ,,states1 ,,free6 ,this is the most liberal offer ever made by any first-class weekly agricultural paper in this country4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,scientific4 ,the ,brilliant ,sunsets4 ,few of our readers1 probably1 have failed to note the fact that brilliant sunsets have been unusually frequent since the latter part of ,november4 ,now a highly colored sunset is not1 in itself1 a remarkable phenomenon1 and it may occur at any time of the year1 and owe its origin to any one of several causes1 very simple in themselves1 as refraction by the atmosphere of the sun's rays1 which are thrown upon the sky after the orb itself has passed from sight1 or a peculiarly humid condition of the upper air1 or a remarkable electric condition1 such as sometimes precedes a thunder storm4 ,but the late brilliant sunsets do not belong to the category of ordinary phenomena4 ,in the first place1 they have not shown gorgeously hued clouds1 as in usual sunset displays1 but skies of dazzling tints and colors4 ,in the second place1 they have been prolonged for weeks1 and have been seen1 at intervals1 over nearly every part of the globe4 ,evidently1 some unusual circumstance must have given rise to these unwonted phenomena1 and scientists in both hemispheres have been interested in seeking an answer to the problem4 ,as it seemed very plain that no condition of humidity could account for such remarkable refraction1 it was universally concluded that some substance1 as dust1 must exist in the upper air regions4 ,this being accepted as probable another theory was needed to account for the presence of this dust4 ,the first theory put forward by scientists in this country suggested the hypothesis of meteoric dust4 ,meteors are gaseous bodies1 which move through space in immense numbers1 and in definite orbits4 ,drawn astray from these orbits by the attraction of the earth1 they are set on fire on contact with the atmosphere1 this ignition producing the phenomena of shooting stars4 ,the product of this combustion is sometimes heavy enough as to fall rapidly1 in the shape of stones1 to the earth4 ,more often it is an impalpable substance1 which filters slowly down through the air1 and is found in the shape of metallic dust1 on the summits of snow-covered mountains and in the ,arctic regions4 ,about the middle of ,november the earth passes through a meteor zone--that is1 an immense swarm of meteors revolving around the sun--and during this month there are always vastly more shooting stars to be seen than in any other month of the year4 ,the brilliant sunsets being first seen in the latter part of ,november1 their near coincidence in time with an unusual display of brilliant meteors1 seemed to substantiate the theory that they were of similar origin4 ,it is known that the telescope reveals immense numbers of these meteors too small to be seen by the naked eye1 and it seems very probable that millions more are too small to be seen even with the telescope1 mere meteoric dust that can only announce its presence to the eye by its refraction of the sun's rays as they pass through it4 ,when this dust falls it becomes visible otherwise1 perhaps4 ,we have spoken of its appearance on snow-covered hills4 ,sometimes it appears as a haze or dry fog4 ,at least the appearance of any very remarkable haze1 like that which obscured the light of the sun for weeks over ,europe1 in #aghc1 is now ascribed by science to the dust of enormous falls of meteors4 ,had this theory of the cause of the bright sunsets been the true one1 however1 there should have been unusual displays of shooting stars visible as soon as darkness came on after the sunsets1 for meteors are always ignited by the friction of the earth's atmosphere4 ,as these were not seen1 the meteoric dust theory did not gain a very general support1 and the opinion of many scientific men was that we must wait for a more probable theory4 ,when it came to be known that these remarkable appearances of color in the sky had been visible from different points of the earth's surface ever since last ,september1 a theory was offered by ,prof4 ,lockyer1 the well-known ,english astronomer1 and the editor of ,nature1 a leading scientific periodical1 which is now generally accepted as solving the problem4 ,mr4 ,lockyer thinks that these remarkable sunset glows are the late1 but direct effects of the great volcanic eruptions which occurred in ,java1 last ,august4 ,he believes that the enormous volumes of fine volcanic dust thrown out by these eruptions were carried into the upper air1 and being borne by prevailing winds around and above the earth1 the reflection of the sun's rays upon them have produced the phenomena witnessed at so many different points4 ,the adequacy of this supposed cause seems plain1 when we remember what a mighty convulsion of nature occurred at ,java4 ,earthquake and eruptions followed one another with such force that they were felt for hundreds of miles distant4 ,large islands sunk from sight and new land appeared and the entire conformation of the ,archipelago in that locality was changed4 ,the great volumes of mud thrown out of the volcano ,krakatoa fell in showers for over three hours in localities more than thirty miles away4 ,with volcanic forces at work on this mighty scale1 millions of tons of earth must have been hurled into the upper air4 ,of this the coarse and heavy material would naturally fall at once1 but vast clouds of impalpable dust would be borne upward by the heated air1 until they reached the region of the upper trade-winds1 by which they would be borne westward in the circuit of the globe4 ,each evening these immense dust clouds would give a novel brilliancy to the skies1 by reflecting the light of the setting sun1 and during the day an unusual hazy appearance of the sky would probably be perceived4 ,this hypothesis of ,mr4 ,lockyer was remarkably borne out by facts that actually occurred4 ,the ,java eruptions occurred ,august #bf and #bg4 ,on ,august #bh1 from the islands in the ,indian ,sea1 near the ,african coast1 ,mauritias1 ,rodriguez1 and the ,seychelles1 very singular sunsets and sunrises were observed1 though not directly resembling those seen later1 and a strange haze appeared1 through which the sun seemed to be white and dim as the moon4 ,on ,august #ca1 in the same latitude as these islands1 in ,north ,brazil1 remarkable sunlight effects were observed1 the sun appearing of a deep blue tint2 the next evening similar appearances were seen in ,venezuela4 ,on ,september #a1 also1 a remarkable sunset was reported visible from the ,gulf ,coast1 and one from ,trinidad1 ,spain1 at the same date4 ,september #e1 another was seen near ,honolulu1 in the ,pacific ocean4 ,this line of strange sunsets ran directly east and west4 ,another line ran from southeast to northwest1 beginning with ,ceylon and ,madras and ending with ,england4 ,following this1 the phenomena seemed to spread themselves over the whole portion of the earth's surface1 appearing at various points during four whole months4 ,the points of difference between the earlier and later appearances were closely defined by ,mr4 ,lockyer4 ,at first the coarse particles suspended in the air obscured the sun's light entirely1 as was the case in the neighborhood of ,java immediately following the earthquake4 ,these disappearing1 the sun seemed white and dim2 the dust being still more thinned out1 the blue and red molecules caused the appearance of a blue sun1 and at last there was just enough of the finest dust left suspended to be carried by the various wind currents hither and thither and produce at the time of the setting of the sun1 those singular reflected lights1 which1 at first almost unnoticed1 became1 when observed1 the wonder of the world4 ,it may be admitted that there are gaps in the evidence supporting this last hypothesis1 but it has the merit of probability1 and must be accepted as the best theory of the brilliant sunsets yet offered4 ,a4 ,c4 ,c4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,chocolates4 ,,gold ,,medal1 ,,paris1 #ahgh4 ,illustration ,,baker',s ,,breakfast ,,cocoa4 ,warranted absolutely pure ,cocoa1 from which the excess of ,oil has been removed4 ,it has three times the strength of ,cocoa mixed with ,starch1 ,arrowroot or ,sugar1 and is therefore far more economical4 ,it is delicious1 nourishing1 strengthening1 easily digested1 and admirably adapted for invalids as well as for persons in health4 ,,sold ,,by ,,grocers ,,everywhere4 ,w4 ,,baker ,,co41 ,dorchester1 ,mass4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illustration ,,your ,,name printed on #ej ,cards ,,all ,,new designs of ,gold ,floral1 ,remembrances1 ,sentiment1 ,hand ,floral1 etc41 with ,love1 ,friendship1 and ,holiday ,mottoes1 #aj;c4 #g pks4 and this elegant ,ring1 #ej;c41 #ae pks4 ,ring1 #a4 ,illustration #ab ,,new 8,,concealed ,,name0 ,cards 7name concealed with hand holding flowers with mottoes7 #bj;c4 #g pks4 and this ,ring for #a4 ,agents' sample book and full outfit1 #be;c4 ,over #bjj new ,cards added this season4 ,blank ,cards at wholesale prices4 ,,northford ,,card ,,co4 ,northford1 ,conn4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,miscellaneous4 ,to ,our ,readers4 ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer is the ,,oldest1 ,,most ,,reliable1 and the ,,leading ,,agricultural ,,journal ,,of ,,the ,,great ,,northwest1 devoted exclusively to the interests of the ,farmer1 ,gardener1 ,florist1 ,stock ,breeder1 ,dairyman1 ,etc41 and every species of industry connected with that great portion of the ,people of the ,world1 the ,,producers4 ,now in the ,forty-,fourth ,year of its existence1 and never1 during more than two score years1 having missed the regular visit to its patrons1 it will continue to maintain supremacy as ,a ,,standard ,,authority ,,on ,,matters ,,pertaining ,,to ,,agriculture ,,and ,,kindred ,,productive ,,industries1 ,,and ,,as ,a ,,fresh ,,and ,,readable ,,family ,,and ,,fireside ,,journal4 ,it will from time to time add new features of interest1 securing for each department the ablest writers of practical experience4 ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer will discuss1 without fear or favor1 all topics of interest properly belonging to a ,farm and ,fireside ,paper1 treat of the most approved practices in ,,agriculture1 ,,horticulture1 ,,breeding1 ,,etc42 the varied ,machinery1 ,implements1 and improvements in same1 for use both ,in ,field and ,house2 and1 in fact1 everything of interest to the ,agricultural community1 whether in ,,field1 ,,market1 ,,or ,,home ,,circle4 ,,it ,,will ,,give ,,information ,,upon ,,the ,,public ,,domain1 ,,western ,,soils1 ,,climate1 ,,etc42 ,,answer ,,inquiries on all manner of subjects which come within its sphere2 ,,give each week1 full and ,,reliable ,,market1 ,,crop1 ,,and ,,weather ,,reports2 ,,present the family with choice and ,,interesting ,,literature2 amuse and ,,instruct ,,the ,,young ,,folks2 ,,and1 in a word1 aim to ,,be1 in every respect1 ,,an ,,indispensable ,,and ,,unexceptionable farm and fireside ,,companion4 99 99 99 99 99 ,terms of ,subscription and ,club ,rates3 ,,one ,,copy1 #a ,,year1 postage paid #b4jj ,,two ,,copies1 8 8 8 #c4ge ,,five 8 8 sent at one time #h4ge ,,ten 8 8 sent at one time1 and one to ,club getter #af4jj ,,twenty 8 8 sent at one time1 and one to ,club getter #cj4jj ,address ,the ,prairie ,farmer ,publishing ,co41 ,chicago4 ,ill4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,medical4 ,weak ,nervous ,men ,illustration ,whose ,,debility1 ,,exhausted ,,powers1 premature decay and failure to perform ,,life',s ,,duties properly are caused by excesses1 errors of youth1 etc41 will find a perfect and lasting restoration to ,,robust ,,health and ,,vigorous ,,manhood in ,,the ,,marston ,,bolus4 ,neither stomach drugging nor instruments4 ,this treatment of ,,nervous ,,debility and ,,physical ,,decay is uniformly successful because based on perfect diagnosis1 ,,new ,,and ,,direct ,,methods and absolute ,,thoroughness4 ,full information and ,treatise free4 ,address ,consulting ,physician of ,,marston ,,remedy ,,co41 #df,w4 #adth ,st41 ,new ,york4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,two ,,ladies ,,met ,,one ,,day4 ,illustration ,one said to the other 8,by the way how is that ,catarrh of yours80 8,why it's simply horrid1 getting worse every day40 8,well1 why don't you try #8,,dr4 ,,sykes' ,,sure ,,cure1' ,i know it will cure you60 8,well1 then ,i will1 for ,i've tried everything else40 ,just six weeks afterward they met again1 and ,no4 #a said1 8,why1 how much better you look1 what's up8 ,going to get married1 or what80 8,well1 yes1 and it's all owing to #8,,dr4 ,,sykes' ,,sure ,,cure ,,for ,,catarrh2' oh1 why didn't ,i know of it before8 it's simply wonderful40 ,send #aj cents to ,dr4 ,c4,r4 ,sykes1 #aha ,monroe street1 ,chicago1 for valuable book of full information1 and mention the 8,two ,ladies40 99 99 99 99 99 #cj ,,days' ,,trial ,,dr4 ,,dye',s ,illustration ,,electro-,,voltaic ,,belt1 and other ,,electric ,,appliances are sent on #cj ,days' ,trial ,,to ,,men ,,only1 ,,young ,,or ,,old1 who are suffering from ,,nervous ,,debility1 ,,lost ,,vitality1 ,,wasting ,,weaknesses and all those diseases of a ,,personal ,,nature1 resulting from ,,abuses and ,,other ,,causes4 ,speedy relief and complete restoration to ,,health1 ,,vigor and ,,manhood ,,guaranteed4 ,send at once for ,illustrated ,pamphlet free4 ,address ,,voltaic ,,belt ,,co41 ,,marshall1 ,,mich4 99 99 99 99 99 ,i ,,cure ,,fits6 ,when ,i say cure ,i do not mean merely to stop them for a time and then have them return again1 ,i mean a radical cure4 ,i have made the disease of ,,fits1 ,,epilepsy or ,,falling ,,sickness a life-long study4 ,i warrant my remedy to cure the worst cases4 ,because others have failed is no reason for not now receiving a cure4 ,send at once for a treatise and a ,free ,bottle of my infallible remedy4 ,give ,express and ,post ,office4 ,it costs you nothing for a trial1 and ,i will cure you4 ,address ,dr4 ,h4,g4 ,,root1 #ahc ,pearl ,st41 ,new ,york4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,modern ,,horse ,,doctor4 ,,containing ,practical ,observations on the ,causes ,nature and ,treatment of ,diseases and ,lameness in ,horses1 by ,,geo4 ,h4 ,,dadd1 ,m4,d4 ,will be sent upon receipt of price1 #a4ej2 or free to any sender of three subscribers to this paper1 at #b each1 by ,,prairie ,,farmer ,,publishing ,,co41 ,chicago4 99 99 99 99 99 #ejj ,,virginia ,,farms ,,mills ,,for ,,sale ,,and ,,exchange4 -- ,write for free ,,real ,,estate ,,journal4 ,r4,b4 ,,chaffin ,,co41 ,richmond1 ,virginia4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,standard ,,books4 ,,ropp',s ,,calculator ,,and ,,diary4 ,practical ,arithmetic made ,,easy1 ,,simple1 and ,,convenient for all1 by this unique and wonderful work4 ,is worth its weight in gold to everyone not quick in figures4 ,contains nearly #ajj1jjj ,,business ,calculations1 ,,simple and ,,practicable ,rules and ,,original ,methods--the ,,cream of this great and useful science--which makes it possible and ,,easy for ,,any ,,one1 even a child1 to make ,,correct and ,,instantaneous computations in ,,grain1 ,stock1 ,hay1 ,coal1 ,cotton1 ,merchandise4 ,,interest1 ,percentage1 ,profit and ,loss1 ,wages1 ,measurement of ,lumber1 ,logs1 ,cisterns1 ,tanks1 ,granaries1 ,wagon-beds1 ,corn-cribs1 ,cordwood1 ,hay-stacks1 ,lands1 ,carpenters'1 ,plasterers'1 and ,masons' work1 besides ,,thousands of other practical problems which come up every day in the year4 ,will prove of ,,great ,,benefit1 almost ,a ,,necessity1 in the hands of every ,,farmer1 ,mechanic1 and ,tradesman4 ,it is neatly printed1 elegantly bound1 accompanied by a ,,renewable ,diary1 ,,silicate ,slate1 ,,perpetual ,calendar1 and ,,valuable ,,pocket-,,book1 all combined1 for the price of a ,,common diary4 ,fine ,english ,cloth 4#ej ,fine ,english ,cloth1 with flap 4#ge ,fine ,roan ,leather1 with flap #a4jj ,sent postpaid to any address on receipt of price4 ,address ,,prairie ,,farmer ,,pub4 ,,co41 ,,chicago ,,ill4 99 99 99 99 99 ,how to ,paint ,a new work by ,a ,,practical ,,painter1 designed for the use of ,,tradesmen1 ,,mechanics1 ,,merchants1 ,,farmers1 and as a guide to ,,professional ,,painters4 ,containing a ,plain1 ,common-,sense ,statement of the methods employed by ,painters to produce satisfactory results in ,,plain and ,,fancy ,,painting of every description1 including ,,formulas for ,,mixing ,,paint in ,,oil or ,,water1 ,tools required1 etc4 ,this is just the book needed by any person having anything to paint and makes 8,,every ,,man ,,his ,,own ,,painter40 ,full directions for using ,,white ,,lead ,,lamp ,,black--,,ivory ,,black-- ,,prussian ,,blue--,,ultramarine--,,green--,,yellow --,,brown--,,vermillion-- ,,lake--,,carmine--,,whiting--,,glue--,, asphaltum--,,pumice ,,stone1 and ,,spirits ,,of ,,turpentine--,,oils--,,varnishes--,,fur niture ,,varnish--,,milk ,,paint--,,preparing ,,calcimine4 ,paint for ,outbuildings --,,whitewash--,paste for ,,paper ,,hanging--,,hanging ,,paper--,,graining ,,in ,,oak1 ,,maple1 ,,mahogany1 ,,rosewood1 ,,black ,,walnut--,,staining--,,gilding-- ,,bronzing--,,transferring--,,decalcoman ia--,,making ,,rustic ,,pictures-- ,,painting ,,flower-,,stand--,,mahogany ,,polish--,,rosewood ,,polish-- ,,varnishing ,,furniture--,,waxing ,,furniture--,,cleaning ,,paint-- ,paint for ,farming ,tools for ,,machinery1 and for ,,household ,,fixtures ,to ,paint a ,farm ,wagon --to ,,re-,,varnish ,a ,,carriage--to make ,,plaster ,,casts4 ,the work is neatly printed1 with illustrations wherever they can serve to make the subject plainer1 and it will save ,,many ,,times its cost yearly4 ,every family should possess a copy4 ,price1 by mail1 postpaid1 #a4 ,forwarded free to any sender of two subscribers to this paper at #b each4 ,address ,,prairie ,,farmer ,,publishing ,,co41 ,chicago4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,standard ,,works4 ,by ,,peter ,,henderson ,gardening for ,profit1 ,a ,,well-,,known ,,work ,,on ,market and ,family ,gardening ,gardening ,,for ,pleasure ,a guide to the amateur in the ,fruit1 ,vegetable1 and ,flower ,garden1 with full directions for the ,green-,house1 ,conservatory1 and ,window ,garden4 ,,practical ,,floriculture1 ,a guide to successful ,propagation and ,cultivation of ,florists' ,plants4 ,,price1 #a4ej ,,each1 ,,by ,,mail1 ,,postpaid4 ,address ,,prairie ,,farmer ,,publishing ,,co41 ,chicago4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,talks ,,on ,,manures ,by ,,joseph ,,harris1 ,m4 ,s4 ,author of 8,walks and ,talks on the ,farm10 8,farm ,crops10 8,harris on the ,pig10 etc4 ,while we have no lack of treatises upon artificial fertilizers1 there is no work in which the main stay of the farm--the manure made upon the farm is treated so satisfactorily or thoroughly as in this volume4 ,starting with the question1 8,,what ,,is ,,manure80 the author1 well known on both sides of the water by his writings1 runs through in sufficient detail every source of manure on the farm1 discussing the methods of making rich manure2 the proper keeping and applying it1 and especially the ,,uses ,,of ,,manure1 and the effects of different artificial fertilizers1 as compared with farm-yard manure1 upon different crops4 ,in this he makes free use of the striking series of experiments instituted years ago1 and still continued1 by ,lawes and ,gilbert1 of ,rothamsted1 ,england4 ,the ,,remarkable ,,tables in which the results of these experiments are given1 are here for the first time made accessible to the ,american farmer4 ,in fact1 there is scarcely any point relating to fertilizing the soil1 including suitable manures for special crops1 that is not treated1 and while the teachings are founded upon the most elaborate scientific researches1 they are so far divested of the technical language of science as to commend themselves to farmers as eminently 8practical40 ,it is not often that the results of scientific investigations are presented in a manner so thoroughly popular4 #abmo4 ,price1 postpaid1 #a4ej4 ,,prairie ,,farmer ,,publishing ,,co4 ,chicago4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,house ,,plans ,,for ,,everybody4 ,by ,s4 ,b4 ,,reed1 ,architect4 ,one of the most popular ,architectural books ever issued1 giving a wide range of design from a dwelling costing #bej up to #h1jjj1 and adapted to farm1 village1 and town residences4 ,it gives an ,estimate of the ,quantity of ,every ,article ,used in the construction1 and probable cost of constructing any one of the buildings presented4 ,profusely illustrated4 ,price1 postpaid1 #a4ej4 ,address ,,prairie ,,farmer ,,publishing ,,co41 ,chicago 99 99 99 99 99 ,,now ,is the time to ,subscribe for ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer4 ,price only #b4jj per year is worth double the money4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,remember that #b4jj pays for ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer one year1 and the subscriber gets a copy of ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer ,,county ,,map ,,of ,,the ,,united ,,states1 ,,free6 ,this is the most liberal offer ever made by any first-class weekly agricultural paper in this country4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illustration ,,household4 ,for nothing lovelier can be found ,in woman than to study household good4--,milton4 ,,an ,,humble ,,confession4 ,who is that little woman there1 ,with laughing eyes and dark-brown hair1 ,and physiognomy so fair8 ,my wife4 ,who's not as meek as she appears1 ,and doesn't believe one-half she hears1 ,and toward me entertains no fears8 ,my consort4 ,who wakes me up on every morning1 ,about the time the day's dawning1 ,my protestations calmly scorning8 ,my spouse4 ,who marks my clothes with ,india ink1 ,and darns my stockings quick as a wink1 ,while ,i sit by and smoke and think8 ,my frau4 ,who asks me every day for money1 ,with countenance demure and funny1 ,and calls me 8pretty boy0 and 8honey80 ,my little woman4 ,who runs this house both night and day1 ,and over all exerts her sway2 ,who's boss o' this shanty1 anyway8 ,my better half6 --,san ,francisco ,call4 ,,pyramidal ,,women4 ,it has long been a social mystery1 over which conservatives and radicals have puzzled alike1 why the gifted men and women of our race should spring almost exclusively from the intermediate ranks of life4 ,the solution is found in ,piazzi ,smyth's metaphor of the ,great ,pyramid4 ,a circumscribed routine of pleasure on one hand1 of toil on the other1 equally engrosses the time and thoughts of the dwellers at either end4 ,it is only in the middle of the pyramid that one is free to live up to the standard of the hideless coffer1 the sarcophagus measure1 the measure of a man6 ,of the feminine attainers to this measure1 says a writer in the ,american ,queen1 the women who are taking up their lives and living them fully in all their length and breadth and dignity1 as lives must be lived to reach the cosmic standard of the pyramidal man1 there is found one pre-eminent type in that woman of letters against whom a hard battle is being waged to-day4 ,to woman emancipated1 freed from veil and harem1 elevated from her primal position when she was but the toy and tool of man's passion1 this age of civilization points with a pride whose justifiableness has yet to be proved4 ,exterior liberty she has gained indeed2 but in the face of the fact that this universal crusade against women of letters is but the determination to hold the old shackles on heart and brain1 what is her alleged emancipation but a lengthening of the chain which still binds her in moral and mental bondage4 8,the shrieking sisterhood10 be it said in justice to the sex1 represent a small minority4 ,few and far between are the women who would usurp man's place on platform or at poll2 still fewer and farther apart the advocate of woman's right to drop her petticoat for the untrammeled freedom of the trousers4 ,but the great-hearted woman1 yearning for recognition as paramount forces of social regeneration--the great-minded women taking up the problems of life and grappling with them for the sake of their weaker sisters--these are many1 confined and silenced within the gilded bars which society is daily drawing closer and stronger about them4 ,this narrowing of woman's sphere1 this withholding her from anything but a mission purely physical1 is but a different form of the old barbarism whose alleged destruction is the boast of the present day2 and the time is not far distant when the wrong must be acknowledged and amended1 or retrogression brand the age for which we so proudly claim progression6 ,let the hackneyed cry of woman's intellectual inferiority prove its truth1 conclusively1 as it has not yet been proved1 or let it be silenced forever6 ,the cranial differences existent between the sexes1 upon which the theoristic foundation of their respective superiority and inferiority of intellect has been laid1 are1 in truth1 the exponents of sexual intellectual equality1 science having proclaimed them the visible proofs of that mutual dependence and adaptability which1 sexually1 mind has for mind1 as body for body4 ,let this truth be no longer denied2 let present social theories hold their sway1 and in a generation of pigmies1 moral1 mental1 and physical1 our race1 in all its glorious potentialities1 must sink ignominiously into oblivion4 ,this is an important fact1 of which society seems to have lost sight--that upon the women of to-day and of to-morrow the coming man is wholly dependent1 type being the transmitter of type1 according to its kind4 ,the increase of female education has naturally awakened women to a recognition of all her latent intellectual possibilities1 and hence the growth of feminine ranks in that wide field whose battles are fought with a weapon 8mightier than the sword40 ,the recruits of to-day are not all ,mrs4 ,brownings nor ,george ,eliots1 but the world will lose infinitely in good and strength and sweetness if the budding ,adelaide ,proctors and ,mrs4 ,burnetts are blighted by the propagation of that harsh masculine doctrine which1 stripped of its pretty sophisms1 is resolved into the bare assertion that a woman of talent is a woman unsexed6 ,this doctrine1 false1 shallow1 and unjust1 is the enemy with whom woman is battling to-day4 ,may the pyramidal prophecy soon be verified when 8all things shall be compared in pure truth and righteousness40 ,then the conflict shall be ended and the intellectual growth of woman be revealed1 the heightener1 enricher1 purifier of that emotional development which is the essence of ideal womanhood--an essence thrilling as deeply and tenderly the hearts of the humble followers in her footsteps as it thrilled the hearts of that greatest of woman poets1 who sang3 ,what art can a woman be good at8 ,oh1 vain6 ,what art is she good at but hurting her breast ,with the milk-teeth of babes and a smile at her pain8 pointing in the zenith of her fame to the divine right of maternity as the supreme1 holiest and sweetest potentiality of womanhood4 ,,give ,,the ,,babies ,,water4 ,a recent editorial article in the ,new ,york ,medical ,record contains the following pertinent remarks on the value of water in the treatment of sick infants3 8,with the exception of tuberculosis1 no disease is so fatal in infancy as intestinal catarrh occurring especially during the hot summer months1 and caused1 in the majority of cases1 by improper diet4 ,there are many upon whom the idea does not seem to have impressed itself1 that an infant can be thirsty without1 at the same time1 being hungry4 ,when milk1 the chief food of infants1 is given in excess1 acid fermentation results1 causing vomiting1 diarrha1 with passage of green or yellowish-green stools1 elevated temperature1 and the subsequent train of symptoms which are too familiar to need repetition4 ,the same thing would occur in the adult1 if drenched with milk4 ,the infant needs no food1 but drink4 ,the recommendation of some writers1 that barley-water or gum-water be given to the little patients in these cases1 is sufficient explanation of their want of success in treating this affection4 ,pure water is perfectly innocuous to infants1 and it is difficult to conceive how the seeming prejudice to it ever arose4 ,any one who has ever noticed the avidity with which a fretful sick infant drinks water1 and marks the early abatement of febrile and other symptoms1 will be convinced that water1 as a beverage1 a quencher of thirst1 a physiological necessity1 in fact1 should not be denied to the helpless member of society4 ,we have often seen an infant which had been dosed ad nauseam for gastro-intestinal irritability1 assume1 almost at once1 a more cheerful appearance1 and rapidly grow better1 when treated to the much-needed draught of water4 ,if any prescription is valuable enough to be used as routine practice1 it is1 #8,give the babies water4'0 ,,work ,,for ,,little ,,fingers4 ,to make a pretty little pitcher1 cut off the small end of an egg1 then carefully remove the yolk and white of the egg2 next take a narrow strip of colored paper and paste it around the edge of the opening1 making the paper pinked in one place so as to look like the mouth of a pitcher4 ,then paste a strip around the other end of the egg so that it will stand alone2 to finish the pitcher paste on a strip of paper bent in the shape of a handle4 ,cups may be made in the same manner by cutting away more of the shell than would be cut in making a pitcher4 ,pretty air castles are made by cutting egg shells in half1 building the cut edges with colored paper or cloth1 and fastening to them bright colored cord or silk by which to suspend them4 ,these air castles look pretty when suspended from brackets1 hanging lamps1 etc4 ,the pitchers1 cups and air-castles may be improved by being ornamented with small pictures pasted on them4 99 99 99 99 99 ,breakfast ,cocoa1 as a beverage1 is universally conceded superior to all other drinks for the weary man of business or the more robust laborer4 ,the preparations of ,walter ,baker ,co41 have long been the standard of merit in this line1 and our readers who purchase 8,baker's ,breakfast ,cocoa0 will find it a most healthful1 delicious and invigorating beverage4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a man passes for what he is worth4 ,very idle is all curiosity concerning other people's estimate of us1 and idle is all fear of remaining unknown4 ,if a man knows that he can do anything--that he can do it better than any one else--he has a pledge of the acknowledgment of the fact by all persons4 ,the world is full of judgment days1 and into every assembly that man enters1 in every action he attempts1 he is gauged and stamped4 99 99 99 99 99 ,if you would enjoy quiet content1 drop all airs and pretenses4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,educational4 ,,university ,,of ,,the ,,state ,,of ,,new ,,york ,,american ,,veterinary ,,college1 #ada ,,west #ed,,th ,,st41 ,,new ,,york ,,city4 ,the regular course of lectures commences in ,october each year4 ,circular and information can be had on application to ,a4 ,,liautard1 ,m4,d4,v4,s41 ,dean of the ,faculty4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,breeders ,,directory4 ,the following list embraces the names of responsible and reliable ,breeders in their line1 and parties wishing to purchase or obtain information can feel assured that they will be honorably dealt with3 ,,swine4 ,chester ,whites4 ,w4 ,a4 ,gilbert ,wauwatosa ,wis4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,scheidt ,,davis1 ,,dyer1 ,,lake ,,co41 ,,ind41 breeders of ,victoria swine4 ,originators of this famous breed4 ,stock for ,sale4 ,write for circular ,a4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,remember that #b4jj pays for ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer one year1 and the subscriber gets a copy of ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer ,,county ,,map ,,of ,,the ,,united ,,states1 ,,free6 ,this is the most liberal offer ever made by any first-class weekly agricultural paper in this country4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,live ,,stock1 ,,etc4 ,,holsteins ,,at ,,living ,,rates4 ,,dr4 ,w4 ,a4 ,,pratt1 ,,elgin1 ,,ill41 ,now has a herd of more than one hundred head of full-blooded ,,holstein',s mostly imported direct from ,holland4 ,these choice dairy animals are for sale at moderate prices4 ,correspondence solicited or1 better1 call and examine the cattle1 and select your own stock4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,label ,illustration ,dana's ,white ,metallic ,ear ,marking ,label1 stamped to order with name1 or name and address and numbers4 ,it is reliable1 cheap and convenient4 ,sells at sight and gives perfect satisfaction4 ,illustrated ,price-,list and samples free4 ,agents wanted4 ,c4 ,h4 ,,dana1 ,,west ,,lebanon1 ,n4 ,h4 99 99 99 99 99 #aj ,,jersey ,,bulls ,,for ,,sale4 ,all of fine quality1 solid color and bk4 points4 ,ages1 from six to eighteen months4 ,sons of ,mahkeenae1 #cbij2 brother of ,eurotus1 #bded1 who made #ggh lbs4 butter in a year1 and out of cows of the best butter blood1 some having records of fourteen and fifteen lbs4 per week4 ,no fancy prices4 ,a4 ,h4 ,,cooley1 ,little ,britain ,orange ,co41 ,n4 ,y4 ,n4 ,b4--,if ,i make sales as formerly will send a car with man in charge to ,cleveland1 getting lowest rates4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,scotch ,,collie ,,shepherd ,,pups1 --,,from-- ,,imported ,,and ,,trained ,,stock --,,also-- ,,newfoundland ,,pups ,,and ,,rat ,,terrier ,,pups4 ,concise and practical printed instruction in ,training young ,shepherd ,dogs1 is given to buyers of ,shepherd ,puppies2 or will be sent on receipt of #be cents in postage stamps4 ,for ,printed ,circular1 giving full particulars about ,shepherd ,dogs1 enclose a #c-;cent stamp1 and address ,n4,h4 ,,paaren1 ,p4,o4 ,box #cbf1 ,,chicago4 ,,ill4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,miscellaneous4 ,don't be ,humbugged ,with ,poor1 ,cheap ,coulters4 ,illustration ,all farmers have had trouble with their ,coulters4 ,in a few days they get to wabbling1 are condemned and thrown aside4 ,in our 8,,boss0 ,coulter we furnish a tool which can scarcely be worn out2 and when worn1 the wearable parts1 a prepared wood journal1 and movable thimble in the hub 7held in place by a key7 can be easily and cheaply renewed4 ,,we ,,guarantee ,,our 8,,boss0 to plow more acres than any other three ,coulters now used4 ,,our 8,o4 ,k40 ,,clamp ,attaches the ,coulter to any size or kind of beam1 either right or left hand plow4 ,we know that after using it you will say it is ,,the ,,best ,,tool ,,on ,,the ,,market4 ,ask your dealer for it4 ,manufactured by the ,,boss ,,coulter ,,co41 ,bunker ,hill1 ,ills4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illustration ,greatest ,offer ,ever ,made ,,seeds #b4fe ,,for #a4jj ,a ,,complete ,,vegetable ,,garden ,,all ,,the ,,best ,,varieties ,we claim our ,seeds are ,unsurpassed4 ,their vitality and purity being tested before sending out4 ,we ,,offer #ffe4jj ,,in ,,cash ,,prizes ,,for #ahhd ,competition open to all4 ,see ,catalogue for particulars4 ,we desire that all may compete for these prizes1 and give our seeds a fair trial1 feeling sure of ,,making ,a ,,permanent ,,customer ,,of ,,every ,,purchaser1 and to ,,introduce them into thousands of new homes will send free by mail on receipt of ,,one ,,dollar amounting at regular prices to #b4fe1 ,,our ,,special ,,introduction ,,box ,,of ,,seeds1 containing large size packets of all ,,best ,,new and ,,standard ,,varieties1 as follows3 #c ,remarkable ,cabbages4 ,johnson ,stokes ,earliest1 #aj days earlier than any other1 ,early ,favorite ,savoy1 richer than ,cauliflower4 ,j4 ,s4 ,premium ,flat ,dutch1 the standard ,winter ,cabbage4 #hj ,,cash ,,prizes for heaviest heads4 #b ,handsome new ,beets4 ,eclipse and ,philadelphia ,perfection1 #aj ,,prize for the best4 #c ,delicious ,new ,melons1 ,golden ,gem--,musk4 ,boss1 and ,sweet ,icing--,water4 #ej ,,cash ,,prizes for best ,melons4 #c ,superior ,onions1 our ,pedigree stock4 ,southport ,red ,globe1 ,extra ,early ,red1 and ,yellow ,danvers4 ,livingston's ,new ,favorite ,tomato1 ,new ,ne ,plus ,ultra ,sweet ,corn1 best of all3 ,new ,lemon ,pod ,wax ,bean4 ,american ,wonder ,pea4 ,philadelphia ,prize ,head and ,new ,satisfaction ,lettuce4 ,green ,prolific ,cucumber4 ,improved ,long ,orange ,carrot4 ,sugar ,parsnip4 ,new ,dwarf ,extra ,curled ,parsley4 ,mammoth ,etampes ,bright ,red ,pumpkin4 ,early ,french ,breakfast ,radish4 ,new ,white ,strasburgh ,summer ,radish4 ,california ,mammoth ,winter ,radish4 ,long ,white ,salsify4 ,perfect ,gem ,squash4 ,new ,extra ,early ,munich ,turnip1 and a trial packet of the ,wonderful ,new ,welcome ,oats4 ,we will put in each box1 ,,free ,,of ,,charge1 #c ,,packets ,,of ,,choice ,,flower ,,seeds as a present to your wife1 mother or daughter1 in all #cb ,,packages4 ,send a #a ,,bill1 postal note1 or stamps1 in an ordinary letter1 and you will receive the box by return mail1 and if not satisfied we will return your money4 #c ,,boxes ,,mailed ,,for ,,only #b4ej ,,our ,,flower ,,collection comprising #aj ,,packets of the ,,choicest ,,flower ,,seeds1 each beautifully illustrated in colors1 with full directions for culture1 sent postpaid for #be;c4 in stamps4 ,,five ,,collections1 #a4jj4 ,,order ,,now1 and get our ,,new ,,and ,,complete ,,illustrated ,,catalogue4 ,mailed ,,free4 ,address1 ,,johnson ,,stokes1 ,,seed ,,growers1 ,,philadelphia4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illustration3 ,,snow ,,white ,,flour ,,made ,,from ,,imperial ,,spring #df ,b ,,per ,,acre ,,salzer',s ,,new ,,wheat4 ,,buy ,,northern ,,grown ,,seeds1 ,no ,seeds produce more beautiful ,flowers1 finer vegetables1 larger crops1 than our ,,reliable ,,northern ,,crown ,,seeds4 ,don't buy worthless ,seeds when for less money ours are delivered ,,free ,,by ,,mail at your door4 ,,the ,,farm ,new tested ,wheat #e sorts among these ,saskatchewan ,fife and ,imperial ,french ,seeds grown #hjj miles north of here6 ,everything for farm4 ,wis41 ,ill41 ,iowa and other ,states will return to old time yield if our ,seed ,grain is used4 ,try it4 -- ,catalogue free4 ,always say where you saw this4 ,j4 ,a4 ,,salzer1 ,la ,crosse1 ,wis4 ,,plants ,,and ,,roses1 by the #ajj1jjj4 ,,largest ,,greenhouses in the ,west4 ,illustration3 ,j4 ,a4 ,,salzer1 ,la ,crosse1 ,wis4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illustration ,,the ,,standard ,,remington ,,type-,,writer is acknowledged to be the only rapid and reliable writing machine4 ,it has no rival4 ,these machines are used for transcribing and general correspondence in every part of the globe1 doing their work in almost every language4 ,any young man or woman of ordinary ability1 having a practical knowledge of the use of this machine may find constant and remunerative employment4 ,all machines and supplies1 furnished by us1 warranted4 ,satisfaction guaranteed or money refunded4 ,send for circulars4 ,,wyckoff1 ,,seamans ,,benedict1 #ch ,east ,madison ,st41 ,chicago1 ,ill4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illustration ,,our ,,young ,,folks ,,the ,,legend ,,of ,,the ,,storks ,,and ,,the ,,babies4 ,have you heard of the valley of ,babyland1 ,the realm where the dear little darlings stay1 ,till the kind storks go1 as all men know1 ,and oh1 so tenderly bring them away8 ,the paths are winding and past all finding ,by all save the storks1 who understand ,the gates and the highways and the intricate byways ,that lead to ,babyland4 ,all over the valley of ,babyland ,sweet flowers bloom in the soft green moss4 ,and under the blooms fair1 and under the leaves there1 ,lie little heads like spools of floss4 ,with a soothing number1 the river of slumber ,flows o'er a bed of silver sand1 ,and angels are keeping watch o'er the sleeping ,babes of ,babyland4 ,the path to the valley of ,babyland ,only the kingly1 kind white storks know4 ,if they fly over mountains or wade thro' fountains-- ,no man sees them come and go2 ,but an angel1 maybe1 who guards some baby1 ,or a fairy1 perhaps1 with her magic wand1 ,brings them straightway to the wonderful gateway1 ,that leads to ,babyland4 ,and there in the valley of ,babyland ,under the mosses and leaves and ferns1 ,like an unfledged starling they find the darling1 ,for whom the heart of a mother yearns4 ,and they lift him lightly and tuck him tightly ,in feathers as soft as a lady's hand1 ,and off with a rock-a-way step they walk away ,out of ,babyland4 ,as they go from the valley of ,babyland ,forth into the world of great unrest1 ,sometimes weeping he wakes from sleeping ,before he reaches his mother's breast4 ,ah1 how she blesses him now she caresses him3-- ,bonniest bird in the bright home band1 ,that o'er land and water the kind stork bro't her ,from far off ,babyland4 --,ella ,wheeler4 ,a ,,chat ,,about ,,halifax4 ,as ,i promised you ,i will try and tell you a little about ,halifax4 ,halifax is1 as you all know1 the capital of ,nova ,scotia1 which is one of the provinces of ,british ,north ,america1 and thus is under the dominion of the ,queen4 ,it is just what ,i should imagine a real old ,english city to be--very odd and antiquated1 and yet picturesquely beautiful1 and altogether a most charming place in which to spend a summer4 ,never shall ,i forget the stroll ,i took alone the second morning after my arrival4 ,the day was one of those rarely perfect ones in ,july4 ,all nature seemed wrapped in a dreamy repose2 the heat of the sun was tempered by the soft sea breezes blowing from the grand old ocean not many leagues away1 whose roar sounded like the voice of many waters1 soothing1 restful1 and sweet4 ,it happened that my wanderings led me in to some of the older portions of the city where the houses are many of them two hundred years old4 ,and such funny1 queer old houses4 ,they seemed1 somehow1 to have a slanting look to them2 it may have been1 however1 that it was because the streets were so hilly1 and such a contrast to our flat1 level prairies4 ,right in the midst of the city1 among the stores 7shops they call them7 and houses one comes suddenly upon the graveyards--some of them not now in use1 but still left there4 ,what interested me was the flat tombstones4 ,when a little girl my father used to tell me of how the children would take their dolls to the cemetery and play upon and under the grave stones4 ,do ,i hear you exclaim1 8,what1 play under a grave stone60 ,i do not wonder1 for it seemed a funny thing to me1 but it was quite clear when ,i saw how the marble slabs were placed4 ,instead of standing in an upright position1 as you have always seen them1 they were laid flat and raised some distance from the ground 7high enough for a child to crawl under comfortably7 by means of little marble posts4 ,i used often to roam through these cemeteries with a dear old gentleman who would tell me stories of the brave young sailor boys buried there1 far away from their own loved ,english homes4 ,halifax is one of the most strongly fortified cities in ,america1 and at every turn one meets the red coated soldiers in the streets--when they are not on duty4 ,what would interest our boys would be to see a sham battle2 the officers and soldiers all in uniform1 eager and active as for a real encounter with the enemy4 ,one day ,i went to visit the strongest fort the city contains4 ,it is called ,citadel ,hill1 and overlooks and commands the harbor2 which by the way1 is considered one of the finest in the world4 ,this ,citadel is merely an immense hill1 covering nearly half a mile of ground and situated in the very heart of the city4 ,when you have climbed to the top you come upon a large opening1 and looking down see a long flight of iron steps leading to the ground1 many1 many feet below4 ,the hill is excavated and stored with arms and ammunition of all kinds1 and great cannons1 that look so cruel4 ,all along the outer edge of this excavation were little rooms in which the married soldiers lived with their families4 ,i pitied the little children that had to live in this way1 without any home feeling--never knowing at what moment their father might be called away1 for a soldier's life is necessarily a roving one4 ,this hill would make a grand coasting place in the winter1 and one which ,i have no doubt the little ,blue ,nose boys and girls often avail themselves of4 ,in ,halifax not only the boys and girls1 but the men and women also1 make much more of winter sports than we do4 ,the large and elegant skating rink ,i hear has just been opened and1 the regimental band have given a grand concert in honor of the occasion4 ,snow-shoeing used to be indulged in largely1 but in the city the custom is1 ,i believe1 somewhat falling off4 ,i do not think you ,western boys and girls could hardly imagine what odd1 pretty suits the girls make to go skating and snow-shoeing in4 ,the one ,i saw was made of two large white flannel bed-blankets1 with a bright scarlet and blue border4 ,the suit consisted of a skirt1 circular-like cloak1 and cap with a long side flap to it1 which hung nearly to the shoulder4 ,my cousin dressed herself all up in her pretty rig and then got down her wooden snow-shoes and buckled them on4 ,she looked like a winter fairy all ready for an ,arctic expedition4 ,i must confess ,i could hardly understand how she could manage to walk in the great unwieldy looking shoes1 which were nearly five times as large as an ordinary shoe1 but she assured me it was great fun and easily done4 ,i heard an amusing story there about a minister who wished to be married1 but who lived a long distance from the neighboring minister1 and the snow was very deep1 and there was but one pair of snow-shoes4 ,not wishing to wait until spring he hit upon a novel plan which was this3 ,that his ladylove should stand upon the back of his snow-shoes1 clasp her arms tightly around her future lord's waist1 and thus be carried safely to the neighboring kirk1 which she accordingly did4 ,you see this required no real effort on the lady's part1 only1 ,i should judge1 a great deal of pluck and nerve power1 as well as love4 ,however the story is that they accomplished the journey in safety and were duly married4 ,one of the prettiest drives in ,halifax can be had in a place called the park 7what we would call a park proper they call the gardens74 ,this park1 situated in the southern part of the city and overlooking an arm of the ocean1 has twenty miles of smooth1 beautiful roads winding around1 and circling in and out among the trees4 ,the roads were made by the soldiers1 who received for their work twenty-five cents a day besides their regular army pay4 ,there is also another strong fort in this park4 ,there are1 ,i think1 nine forts1 strongly garrisoned in and about the city4 ,i wonder if any of ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer boys and girls have the same desire that ,i had when living away out ,west1 where ,i never saw water1 much less a ship1 to go through a large ocean steamship4 ,if you have ,i hope that some day you may be able to have your wish gratified as ,i had mine4 ,one morning my friend said1 8,will you go to a concert this afternoon or go and visit the ships80 8,the ships of course10 ,i cried1 and to the ships we went4 ,the 8,scotia0 was just in on her way from ,liverpool to ,new ,york1 crowded with passengers4 ,it was noon when we went on board1 and the long tables were being laid out in the salon4 ,most of the cabin passengers were out 8doing0 the city so we saw only the steerage passengers4 ,now ,i had heard much of the steerage passengers1 but really never imagined them to be such a poor1 miserable looking set of beings4 ,they sat around almost anywhere with a plate of soup or a dish full of other unpalatable appearing food and ate as though they did not care much whether they lived or died4 ,i longed to speak to the children and the downcast looking mothers1 but they were nearly all of foreign birth1 and would not have understood me if ,i had4 ,many of the better class of passengers were in the little side rooms at their private meals1 but we only caught side glimpses of them passing through4 ,it was a very pleasant sensation to sit in the handsome saloon and almost imagine yourself to be sailing1 sailing away in the great noble ship to the land of your dreams and fancies4 ,there are many more things of interest about this pretty city ,i would like to touch upon1 but ,i fear my space is already occupied1 so will have to say good-by for this week4 ,,mary ,,howe4 ,,the ,,little ,,legislatures4 ,most of these are in session again over the land4 ,i do not mean those law-making bodies which meet annually at the ,state capitols to undo what they had done before1 or otherwise make work for the courts and lawyers4 ,but ,i allude to those little assemblies of young folks--lads and lasses--that weekly meet in the winter season in all the thousand and one school-houses and rural halls throughout our country4 ,legislatures did ,i call them8 ,not quite legislatures2 but training schools in which legislators are made2 and it is in these that our rising youth are qualifying themselves to govern the country that is so soon to be theirs4 ,little as we may think of it1 these assemblies1 under whatever name they may be known--lyceums1 societies1 clubs1 or 8legislatures10--are a power in the land2 they do far more than most people think in forming the characters and fixing the opinions of the great multitude of boys and girls who participate in them4 ,they are to-day more numerous than ever before1 though they have been abroad in the land for more than half a century4 ,many of the leading actors on the world's stage at the present day owe their position to the influence of one or more of these little associations of which they formed a part in their boyhood days4 ,the writer of this could not count on his fingers the number of his associates in boyhood1 who have risen out of these schools to positions of honor and trust in the country4 ,but there is a marked feature belonging to them now that did not exist a half century ago1 the result of a vast change that has been made in public sentiment within that period4 ,then they were confined only to the boys2 now the girls participate in them almost1 if not quite1 as freely as their brothers2 and it must be confessed that in a great majority of cases the result has been beneficial to both sexes4 ,the fogyism of that day stoutly protested that hens should not be permitted to crow1 yet they persisted in learning the art1 and conservatism has been forced to acknowledge that they can crow vociferously and to good effect4 ,and these institutions have proven to be good crowing schools to girls4 ,let these associations be encouraged in every school district2 but care should be taken by the elder class that they be properly organized and conducted in an orderly manner4 ,youthful zeal and ardor will be apt to break out into rudeness and disorder1 unless held in check by the aged and experienced4 ,let the older1 then1 wherever these associations exist1 see to it that they are prudently managed--else instead of blessings they will become evils in the community4 ,the points to which these efforts should be mainly directed1 should be--first1 plain rules for their government2 second1 a strict adherence to them when adopted2 a diversity of exercises--not too much debate1 and not too many essays2 fourth1 the avoidance of all personal matters2 and fifth1 a judicious selection of subjects4 ,with these points held well in view1 and with a serious desire for improvement1 these institutions can not but be useful2 otherwise they should be discontinued4 ,farmers everywhere ought to encourage the formation of these institutions in their respective neighborhoods1 and aid their sons and daughters in carrying them forward4 ,give them your countenance and your counsel4 ,t4 ,g4 ,,walking ,,canes4 ,the material of which walking sticks are made is as various as can well-nigh be conceived of4 ,many are imported woods--some from the tropics1 ,china and the ,east ,indies4 ,the celebrated ,whongee canes are from ,china1 where they are well known and celebrated for the regularity of their joints1 which are the points from which the leaves are given off1 and the stems of a species of phyllosiachys1 a gigantic grass1 closely allied to the bamboo4 ,the orange and lemon are highly prized1 and are imported chiefly from the ,west ,indies1 and perfect specimens command enormous prices4 ,the orange stick is known by its beautiful green bark1 with fine white longitudinal markings1 and the lemon by the symmetry of its proportions1 and both prominence and regularity of its knobs4 ,myrtle sticks also possess a value1 since their appearance is so peculiar that their owner would seldom fail to recognize them4 ,they are imported from ,algeria4 ,the rajah stick is an importation4 ,it is the stem of a plant and a species of calamus4 ,it is grown in ,borneo1 and takes its name from the fact that the ,rajah will not allow any to go out of the country unless a heavy duty is paid4 ,these canes1 known as palm canes1 are distinguished by an angular and more or less flat appearance4 ,their color is brownish1 spotted1 and they are quite straight1 with neither knob nor curl4 ,they are the petioles of leaf stalk of the date palm4 ,perhaps the most celebrated of the foreign canes are the ,malacca1 being the stems of the calamus sceptonum1 a slender climbing palm1 and not growing around ,malacca1 as the name would seem to indicate1 but imported from ,stak1 on the opposite coast of ,sumatra4 ,other foreign canes are ebony1 rosewood1 partridge or hairwood1 and cactus1 which1 when the pith is cut out1 presents a most novel appearance1 hollow and full of holes4 99 99 99 99 99 ,shortly after ,miss ,alcott's 8,little ,women0 was published a quiet-looking lady entered a ,boston circulating library and asked a lady clerk to pick her out 8a good book that would rest and amuse her40 ,naturally 8,little ,women0 was offered1 and declined4 8,it's very nice2 you'd like it10 urged the clerk4 8,i should not care to read it10 said the other4 8,but at least look at it40 8,no10 came the answer1 firmly and with an odd smile2 8it is not a book that ,i should care to read40 ,then the clerk1 pretty angry1 walked away to the chief librarian and cried3 8,there's a woman down there wants a book1 and if you want her waited on somebody else must do it4 ,i won't40 8,why1 why not80 8,why1 she says #8,little ,women' isn't good enough for her to read40 8,do you know who that lady is80 8,no1 and ,i don't care40 8,well1 ,i'll tell you4 ,that is ,louise ,m4 ,alcott4 ,now go and get her a book40 99 99 99 99 99 ,a ,michigan girl told her young man that she would never marry him until he was worth #ajj1jjj4 ,so he started out with a brave heart to make it4 8,how are you getting on ,george80 she asked at the expiration of a couple of months4 8,well10 ,george said hopefully1 8,i have saved up #bb40 ,the girl dropped her eyelashes and blushingly remarked3 8,i reckon that's near enough1 ,george40 99 99 99 99 99 ,illinois ,central ,railroad4 ,the elegant equipment of coaches and sleepers being added to its various through routes is gaining it many friends4 ,its patrons fear no accidents4 ,its perfect track of steel1 and solid road-bed1 are a guarantee against them4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,miscellaneous4 ,,cahoon',s ,,patent ,,broadcast ,,seed ,,sower ,illustration ,sows perfectly all ,grain and ,grass ,seeds4 ,hand ,machine sows #d acres while operator walks or rides a mile4 ,,price1 #f4jj4 ,every farmer should have it4 ,,hiram ,,sibley ,,co41 ,,seedsmen1 ,,rochester1 ,n4 ,y41 ,,chicago1 ,,ill4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,matthews' ,,seed ,,drill ,,cultivator ,illustration sows perfectly all ,garden ,seeds4 ,chicago ,market ,gardeners prefer it to all others1 calling it ,best in the ,world4 ,do not buy without investigating the ,matthews4 ,,beware ,,of ,,worthless ,,imitations4 ,send for circular and prices4 ,we are ,general ,western ,agents4 ,,special ,,prices ,,to ,,the ,,trade4 ,,hiram ,,sibley ,,co41 ,,seedsmen1 ,rochester1 ,n4 ,y41 ,chicago1 ,ill4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,tools ,,and ,,implements ,we carry a large and complete stock for the ,lawn1 ,garden and ,greenhouse4 ,,phila4 ,,lawn ,,mowers4 ,,hedge ,,shears4 ,,matthews' ,,seed ,,drills4 ,,border ,,shears4 ,,cahoon ,,seed ,,sowers4 ,,pruning ,,knives4 ,,hand ,,cultivators4 ,,budding ,,knives4 ,,lawn ,,garden ,,rakes4 ,,hand ,,weeders1 ,,etc4 ,send for ,illustrated ,catalogue and ,price ,list2 free4 ,,hiram ,,sibley ,,co41 ,,seedsmen4 ,,rochester1 ,n4 ,y41 ,,chicago1 ,,ill4 99 99 99 99 99 ,philadelphia ,,lawn ,,mowers ,are used on all the celebrated ,chicago ,parks4 ,they are light running1 clean cutting1 and are the ,,best ,lawn ,mowers made4 ,write for descriptive catalogue and prices4 ,we are the ,general ,western ,agents4 ,,trade ,,supplied4 ,,hiram ,,sibley ,,co41 ,,seedsmen1 ,,rochester1 ,n4 ,y4 ,,chicago1 ,,ill4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,cards #dj ,,satin ,,finish ,,cards1 ,new ,imported designs1 name on and ,present ,free for #aj;c4 ,cut this out4 ,,clinton ,,bros4 ,co41 ,clintonville1 ,ct4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illustration ,,literature4 ,,logic4 ,i4 ,her respectable papa's4 8,my dear1 be sensible6 ,upon my word1 ,this--for a woman1 even--is absurd4 ,his income's not a hundred pounds1 ,i know2 ,he's not worth loving40--8,but ,i love him so40 ,,ii4 ,her mother's4 8,you silly child1 he is well-made and tall2 ,but looks are far from being all in all4 ,his social standing's low1 his family's low1 ,he's not worth loving40--8,and ,i love him so40 ,,iii4 ,her eternal friend's4 8,is that he picking up the fallen fan8 ,my dear6 he's such an awkward1 ugly man6 ,you must be certain1 pet1 to answer #8,no4' ,he's not worth loving40--8,and ,i love him so40 ,,iv4 ,her brother's4 8,by ,jove6 were ,i girl6--through a horrid hap-- ,i wouldn't have a milk-and-water chap4 ,the man has not a single spark or #8go4' ,he's not worth loving40--8,yet ,i love him so40 ,v4 ,her own4 8,and were he everything to which ,i've listened2 ,though he were ugly1 awkward 7and he isn't71 ,poor1 lowly-born1 and destitute of #8go1' ,he is worth loving1 for ,i love him so40 --,chambers' ,journal4 ,,don',t ,,wait4 ,if you have gentle words and looks1 my friends1 ,to spare for me--if you have tears to shed ,that ,i have suffered--keep them not1 ,i pray1 ,until ,i hear not1 see not1 being dead4 ,for loving looks1 though fraught with tenderness1 ,and kindly tears1 though they fall thick and fast1 ,and words of praise1 alas6 can naught avail ,to lift the shadows from a life that's past8 ,and rarest blossoms1 what can they suffice1 ,offered to one who can no longer gaze ,upon their beauty6 ,flow'rs in coffins laid ,impart no sweetness to departed days4 ,,the ,,curfew ,,heroine4 ,the story that is the basis of the well-known poem1 8,curfew ,shall ,not ,ring ,to-night10 told in prose is as follows3 ,it lacked quite half an hour of curfew toll4 ,the old bell-ringer came from under the wattled roof of his cottage stoop and stood with uncovered head in the clear sweet-scented air4 ,he had grown blind and deaf in the service1 but his arm was as muscular as ever1 and he who listened this day marked no faltering in the heavy metallic throbs of the cathedral bell4 ,old ,jasper had lived through many changes4 ,he had tolled out the notes of mourning for good ,queen ,bess1 and with tears scarcely dry he had rung the glad tidings of the coronation of ,james4 ,charles ,i4 had been crowned1 reigned1 and expiated his weakness before all ,england in ,jasper's time1 and now he who under army held all the common wealth in the hollow of his hand1 ruled as more than monarch1 and still the old man with the habit of a long life upon him rang his matin and sorrow4 ,jasper stood alone now1 lifting his dimmed eyes up to the softly dappled sky4 ,the wall of his memory seemed so written over--so crossed and recrossed by the annals of the years that had gone before1 that there seemed little room for anything in the present4 ,little recked he that ,cromwell's spearsmen were camped on the moor beyond the village--that ,cromwell himself rode with his guardsmen a league away2 he only knew that the bell had been rung in the tower when ,william the ,conqueror made curfew a law1 had been spared by ,puritan and ,roundhead1 and that his arm for sixty years had never failed him at even-tide4 ,he was moving with a slow step toward the gate1 when a woman came hurriedly in from the street and stood beside him2 a lovely woman1 but with a face so blanched that it seemed carved in the whitest of marble1 with all its roundness and dimples4 ,her great1 solemn eyes were raised to the aged face in pitiful appeal1 and the lips were forming words that he could not understand4 8,speak up1 lass1 ,i am deaf and can not hear your chatter40 8,for heaven's sake1 ,jasper1 do not ring the curfew bells to-night40 8,what6 na ring curfew8 ,you must be daft1 lassie40 8,jasper1 for sweet heaven's sake--for my sake--for one night in all your long life forget to ring the bell6 ,fail this once and my lover shall live1 whom ,cromwell says shall die at curfew toll4 ,do you hear8 my lover1 ,richard ,temple4 ,see1 ,jasper1 here is my money to make your old age happy4 ,i sold my jewelry that the ,lady ,maud gave me1 and the gold shall be yours for one curfew40 8,would you bribe me1 ,lily ,de ,vere8 ,ye're a changeling4 ,ye're na the blood of the ,plantagenets in ye're veins as ye're mother had4 ,what1 corrupt the bell-ringer under her majesty1 good ,queen ,bess8 ,not for all the gold that ,lady ,maud could bring me6 ,babes have been born and strong men have died before now at the ringing of my bell4 ,awa'6 ,awa'60 ,and out on the village green with the solemn shadows of the lichens lengthening over it1 a strong man awaited the curfew toll for his death4 ,he stood handsome1 and brave1 and tall--taller by an inch than the tallest pikeman who guarded him4 ,what had he done that he should die8 ,little it mattered in those days1 when the sword that the great ,cromwell wielded was so prone to fall1 what he or others had done4 ,he had been scribe to the late lord up at the castle1 and ,lady ,maud1 forgetting that man must woo and woman must wait1 had given her heart to him without the asking1 while the gentle ,lily ,de ,vere1 distant kinswoman and poor companion of her1 had1 without seeking1 found the treasures of his true love and held them fast4 ,then he had joined the army and made one of the pious soldiers whose evil passions were never stirred but by sign or symbol of poetry4 ,but a scorned woman's hatred had reached him even there4 ,enemies and deep plots had compassed him about and conquered him4 ,to-night he was to die4 ,the beautiful world lay as a vivid picture before him4 ,the dark green wood above the rocky hill where ,robin ,hood and his merry men had dwelt2 the frowning castle with its drawbridge and square towers1 the long stretch of moor with the purple shadows upon it1 the green1 straight walks of the village1 the birds overhead1 even the daisies at his feet he saw4 ,but ah6 more vividly than all1 he saw the great red sun with its hazy veil lingering above the trees as though it pitied him with more than human pity4 ,he was a ,god fearing and a ,god serving man4 ,he had long made his peace with heaven4 ,nothing stood between him and death--nothing rose pleadingly between him and those who were to destroy him but the sweet face of ,lily ,de ,vere1 whom he loved4 ,she had knelt at ,cromwell's feet and pleaded for his life4 ,she wearied heaven with her prayers1 but all without avail4 ,slowly now the great sun went down4 ,slowly the last rim was hid beneath the greenwood4 ,thirty seconds more and his soul would be with ,god4 ,the color did not forsake his cheeks4 ,the dark rings of hair lay upon a warm brow4 ,it was his purpose to die as martyrs and brave men die4 ,what was life that he should cling to it8 ,he almost felt the air pulsate with the first heavy roll of the death knell4 ,but no sound came4 ,still facing the soldiers with his clear gray eyes upon them he waited4 ,the crimson banners in the west were paling to pink4 ,the kine had ceased their lowing1 and had been gathered into the rick yards4 ,all nature had sounded her curfew1 but old ,jasper was silent6 ,the bell-ringer1 with his gray head yet bared1 had traversed half the distance between his cottage and the ivy-covered tower when a form went flitting past him1 with pale1 shadowy robes floating round it1 and hair that the low western lights touched and tinted as with a halo4 8,ah1 ,huldah1 ,huldah60 the old man muttered2 8how swift she flies8 ,i will come soon dear4 ,my work is almost done40 ,huldah was the good wife who had gone from him in her early womanhood1 and for whom he had mourned all his long life4 ,but the fleeting form was not ,huldah's4 ,it was ,lily ,de ,vere1 hurried by a sudden and desperate purpose toward the cathedral4 8,so help me ,god1 curfew shall not ring to-night6 ,cromwell and his dragoons come this way4 ,once more ,i will kneel at his feet and plead40 ,she entered the ruined arch4 ,she wrenched from its fastening the carved and worm-eaten door that barred the way to the tower4 ,she ascended with flying and frenzied feet the steps2 her heart lifted up to ,god for ,richard's deliverance from peril4 ,the bats flew out and shook the dust of centuries from the black carving4 ,as she went up she caught glimpses of the interior of the great building1 with its groined roof1 its chevrons and clustered columns2 its pictured saint and carved image of the virgin1 which the pillages of ages had been spared to be dealt with by time1 the most relentless vandal of all4 ,up--still--up--beyond the rainbow tints thrown by the stained glass across her death-white brow2 up--still--up--past open arch1 with griffin and gargoyles staring at her from under bracket and cornice1 with all the hideousness and medival carving2 the stairs1 flight by flight1 growing frailer beneath her young feet2 now but a slender network between her and the outer world2 but still up4 ,her breath was coming short and gasping4 ,she saw through an open space old ,jasper cross the road at the foot of the tower4 ,oh1 how far6 ,the seconds were treasures which ,cromwell1 with all his blood-bought commonwealth1 could not purchase from her4 ,up--ah--there1 just above her with its great brazen mouth and wicked tongue1 the bell hung4 ,a worm eaten block for a step1 and one small white had clasped itself above the clapper--the other prepared1 at the tremble1 to rise and clasp its mate1 and the feet to swing off--and thus she waited4 ,jasper was old and slow1 but he was sure and it came at last4 ,a faint quiver1 and the young feet swung from their rest1 and the tender hands clasped for more than their precious life the writhing thing4 ,there was groaning and creaking of the rude pulleys above1 and then the strokes came heavy and strong4 ,jasper's hand had not forgot its cunning1 nor his arm its strength4 ,the tender1 soft form was swung and dashed to and fro4 ,but she clung to and caressed the cold1 cruel thing4 ,let one stroke come and a thousand might follow--for its fatal work would be done4 ,she wreathed her white arms about it1 so that with every pull of the great rope it crushed into the flesh4 ,it tore her1 and wounded and bruised2 but there in the solemn twilight the brave woman swung and fought with the curfew1 and ,god gave her victory4 ,the old bell-ringer said to himself3 8,aye1 ,huldah1 my work is done4 ,the pulleys are getting too heavy for my old arms2 my ears1 too1 have failed me4 ,i dinna hear one stroke of the curfew4 ,dear old bell6 it is my ears that have gone false1 and not thou4 ,farewell old friend40 ,and just beyond the worn pavement a shadowy form again went flitting past him4 ,there were drops of blood upon the white garments1 and the face was like the face of one who walked in her sleep1 and her hands hung wounded and powerless at her side4 ,cromwell paused with his horsemen under the dismantled ,may-pole before the village green4 ,he saw the man who was to die at sunset standing up in the dusky air1 tall as a king and beautiful as ,absalom4 ,he gazed with knitted brow and angry eye1 but his lips did not give utterance to the quick command that trembled on them1 for a girl came flying toward him4 ,pikeman and archer stepped aside to let her pass4 ,she threw herself upon the turf at his horse's feet2 she lifted her bleeding and tortured hands to his gaze1 and once more poured out her prayer for the life of her lover2 with trembling lips she told him why ,richard still lived--why the curfew had not sounded4 ,lady ,maud looking out of her latticed window at the castle1 saw the great protector dismount1 lift the fainting form in his arms and bear her to her lover4 ,she saw the guards release their prisoner1 and she heard the shouts of joy at his deliverance2 then she welcomed the night that shut the scene out from her envious eye and sculptured her in its gloom4 ,at the next matin bell old ,jasper died1 and at curfew toll he was laid beside the wife who had died in his youth1 but the memory of whom had been with him always4 --,bulletin1 ,haverhill1 ,mass4 99 99 99 99 99 ,work every hour1 paid or unpaid1 see only that thou work1 and thou canst not escape thy reward4 ,whether thy work be fine or coarse1 planting corn or writing epics1 so only it be honest work1 done to thine own approbation1 it shall earn a reward to the senses as well as to the thought4 ,no matter how often defeated1 you are born to victory4 ,the reward of a thing well done is to have done it4 99 99 99 99 99 ,no one loves to tell a tale of scandal but to him that loves to hear it4 ,learn1 then1 to rebuke and silence the detracting tongue by refusing to hear4 ,never make your ear the grave of another's good name4 99 99 99 99 99 ,there is nothing by which ,i have through life more profited than by the just observations1 the good opinions1 and sincere and gentle encouragement of amiable and sensible women4 99 99 99 99 99 ,self-control is promoted by humility4 ,pride is a fruitful source of uneasiness4 ,it keeps the mind in disquiet4 ,humility is the antidote to this evil4 99 99 99 99 99 ,those beings only are fit for solitude who like nobody1 are like nobody1 and are liked by nobody4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a noble heart1 like the sun1 showeth its greatest countenance in its lowest estate4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,our ,new ,clubbing ,list ,,for #ahhd4 ,the ,,prairie ,,farmer ,,in ,,connection ,,with ,,other ,,journals4 ,we offer more liberal terms than ever before to those who desire to take1 in connection with ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer1 either of the following weekly or monthly periodicals4 ,in all cases the order for ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer and either of the following named journals must be sent together1 accompanied by the money2 but we do not require both papers to be sent to the same person or to the same post-office4 ,we send specimen copies only of ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer4 ,our responsibility for other publications ceases on the receipt of the first number2 when such journals are not received within a reasonable time1 notify us1 giving date of your order1 also full name and address of subscriber4 ,,weeklies4 ,price of ,the two the two4 for ,harper's ,weekly #f #jj #d #fj ,harper's ,bazar #f #jj #d #fj ,harper's ,young ,people #c #ej #b #ee ,new ,york ,tribune #d #jj #b #ej ,toledo ,blade #d #jj #b #bj ,chicago ,times #c #be #b #ej ,chicago ,tribune #c #ej #b #ej ,chicago ,inter-,ocean #c #ae #b #ej ,chicago ,journal #c #be #b #ej ,peck's ,sun #c #ge #c #jj ,milwaukee ,sentinel #c #jj #b #ej ,western ,farmer 7,madison1 ,wis47 #c #jj #b #jj ,burlington ,hawkeye #d #jj #c #jj ,the ,continent 7,weekly ,magazine7 #f #jj #e #jj ,detroit ,free ,press1 with ,supplement #d #jj #b #ej ,detroit ,free ,press1 ,state edition #c #ej #b #bj ,louisville ,courier-,journal #c #ge #c #jj ,st4 ,louis ,globe-,democrat #c #jj #b #ae ,st4 ,louis ,republican #c #jj #b #ae ,scientific ,american #e #bj #d #ae ,interior 7,presbyterian7 #d #ej #c #fj ,standard 7,baptist7 #d #gj #c #fj ,advance 7,congregational7 #e #jj #c #ce ,alliance #d #jj #c #jj ,new ,york ,independent #e #jj #d #jj ,christian ,union #e #jj #d #jj ,boston ,pilot 7,catholic7 #d #ej #c #ej ,american ,bee ,journal #d #jj #c #ej ,florida ,agriculturist #d #jj #b #ge ,breeder's ,gazette #e #jj #c #ej ,witness 7,n4 ,y47 #c #ej #c #jj ,methodist 7,n4 ,y47 #d #jj #c #ej ,chicago ,news #c #jj #b #ej ,globe 7,boston7 #c #jj #b #ge ,youth's ,companion1 new subs #c #ge #c #jj ,youth's ,companion1 renewals #c #he #c #be ,weekly ,novelist #e #jj #d #be ,ledger 7,chicago7 #c #jj #b #ij ,american ,bee ,journal #d #jj #c #be ,,monthlies4 ,harper's ,monthly #f #jj #d #ej ,atlantic ,monthly #f #jj #d #ej ,appleton's ,journal #e #jj #d #be ,the ,century #f #jj #d #ej ,north ,american ,review #g #jj #e #ej ,popular ,science ,monthly #g #jj #e #ej ,lippincott's ,magazine #e #jj #d #ej ,godey's ,lady's ,book #d #jj #c #jj ,st4 ,nicholas #e #jj #c #ej ,vick's ,illustrated ,magazine #c #be #b #be ,am4 ,poultry ,journal 7,chicago7 #c #be #b #ge ,american ,bee ,journal #c #jj #b #be ,gardener's ,monthly #d #jj #c #jj ,wide ,awake #d #ej #c #jj ,phrenological ,journal #d #jj #c #jj ,american ,agriculturist #c #ej #b #ej ,poultry ,world #c #be #b #ge ,arthur's ,home ,magazine #d #jj #c #jj ,andrews' ,bazar #c #jj #b #dj ,frank ,leslie's ,popular ,monthly #e #jj #d #jj ,frank ,leslie's ,sunday ,magazine #e #jj #d #jj ,frank ,leslie's ,ladies' ,magazine #d #ej #d #jj ,our ,little ,ones #c #ej #c #jj ,peterson's ,magazine #d #jj #c #cj ,art ,amateur #f #jj #e #jj ,demorest's ,magazine #d #jj #c #jj ,dio ,lewis' ,monthly #d #ej #c #ej ,for clubbing price with any publication in the ,united ,states not included in the above list send us inquiry on postal card4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,miscellaneous4 8,,facts ,,about ,arkansas and ,texas40 ,a handsome book1 beautifully illustrated1 with colored diagrams1 giving reliable information as to crops1 population1 religious denominations1 commerce1 timber1 ,railroads1 lands1 etc41 etc4 ,sent free to any address on receipt of a #b-;cent stamp4 ,address ,h4,c4 ,,townsend1 ,,gen4 ,,passenger ,,agt41 ,,st4 ,,louis1 ,,mo4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,scribner',s ,,lumber ,,and ,,log-,,book ,,over ,,half ,a ,,million ,,copies ,,sold4 ,the most full and complete book of its kind ever published4 ,gives correct measurement of all kinds of lumber1 logs1 plank1 cubical contents of square and round timber1 stave and heading bolt tables1 wages1 rent1 board1 capacity of cisterns1 ,cord-wood tables1 interest1 etc41 and has become the ,standard ,book throughout the ,united ,states and ,canada4 ,be sure and get the ,new ,edition1 with ,doyle's ,log ,table4 ,price1 #ce cents1 by mail1 postpaid4 ,,prairie ,,farmer ,,publishing4 ,,co41 ,chicago4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,for ,,sale4 ,pure bred ,bronze ,turkeys and ,pekin ,ducks4 ,also eggs in ,season4 ,,mrs4 ,j4 ,f4 ,,fulton1 ,petersburg4 ,ills4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illustration ,,humorous ,,old ,,shoes4 ,how much a man is like old shoes6 ,for instance1 both a soul may lose2 ,both have been tanned2 both are made tight ,by cobblers2 both get left and right2 ,both need a mate to be complete1 ,and both are made to go on feet4 ,they both need heeling1 oft are sold1 ,and both in time all turn to mold4 ,with shoes the last is first2 with men ,the first shall be last2 and when ,the shoes wear out they're mended new3 ,when men wear out they're men-dead1 too4 ,they both are trod upon1 and both ,will tread on others1 nothing loath4 ,both have their ties1 and both incline ,when polished in the world to shine3 ,and both peg out--and would you choose ,to be a man or be his shoes8 ,,an ,,obstinate ,,wife4 ,the other night a policeman who was patrolling ,high street east1 heard a whistle blown1 followed by shouts for 8police60 and after a run of half a block he came to a halt in front of a house where a second-story window was raised and a man had half his length over the sill4 8,what's the row80 demanded the officer4 8,some purglars vhas in mein house60 was the answer4 8,how do you know80 8,i hears 'em make a noise more ash six times60 8,where are they80 8,down in der kitchen60 8,have you been down to look around80 8,no6 no6 ,i tells my vhife to go1 but she won't stir6 ,she shumps into bedt und covers oop her headt1 und ,i vhas left to do all der fighting und be kilt6 ,dot's der kind of a vhife she vhas60 ,the officer investigated1 to find that cats were responsible for the noises1 and as he retired the householder was calling to his wife3 8,mary1 if you go down ,i shtand on der stairs mit a light und a shot-gun und shoot eafery burglar like tunder40 ,,wanted ,,weather-,,strips4 8,didn't ,i leave an order here three days ago for weather-strips80 demanded an indignant citizen of the proprietor of a ,woodward avenue store yesterday4 8,yes1 sir1 you did40 8,and didn't you say you would send a man to put them on80 8,i did40 8,and he was sick1 ,i suppose80 8,no1 sir2 he went up there two days ago40 8,and put on the strips80 8,yes1 sir40 8,where80 8,on the front and side doors1 of course40 8,on the doors--of course--who in ,halifax ordered them on the doors of the house8 ,i wanted them strips for the barn doors60 8,you did80 8,certainly ,i did4 ,do you suppose ,i want draughts of air sweeping in on my poor horses this kind o' weather80 ,,it',s ,a ,,telephone4 ,a well-to-do but unsophisticated back-woodsman was in the city lately1 attending the ,fat ,stock ,show1 and brought along his wife and daughters to see the sights and do some shopping4 ,among other places they visited was ,mandel's new store1 and after wandering around the first floor for a while the party came to a stop near the elevators4 ,one of the daughters was first to discover the cars moving silently up and down1 receiving and discharging their cargoes of passengers4 ,she jerked her father's coat sleeve to direct his attention to the phenomenon1 and in a tone that was audible to the clerks in the neighborhood asked3 8,what's that1 paw--that thing going up and down1 with sofys in it80 ,the old man gave the elevator a long1 calm1 deliberate1 scrutinizing stare1 and exclaimed with joy3 8,by gosh6 it's a telephone6 the first ,i ever saw60 ,,an ,,emergency4 ,a few days ago a man with a weak and humble expression1 and wearing a summer suit of clothes1 applied to one of the railroad passenger agents for a dead-head pass to ,toledo4 8,why when do you want to go to ,toledo80 8,to get married40 8,and you haven't any money80 8,not above twenty-five cents40 8,hadn't you better be worth your fare to ,toledo before taking a wife on your hands to support80 8,you don't understand the case10 protested the man4 8,i'm going to marry a widow worth at least #e1jjj1 and the first thing ,i shall do will be to remit you the price of a ticket4 ,i'm poor1 and the widow knows it1 but she marries me for love40 ,he protested so long and earnestly that he was finally passed down the road4 ,two days elapsed1 and then a letter was received from him saying3 8,heaven bless you for your kindness8 ,reached here all right1 and married the widow according to programme4 ,it turns out that she isn't worth a copper4 ,in this emergency may ,i ask you to pass us both to ,detroit1 where ,i have hopes of striking a job80 99 99 99 99 99 ,the fellow who went into a sink hole clear to his nose remarked that it wasn't much1 as he had only gotten in up to his sneeze1 and he had gum boots on4 99 99 99 99 99 8,we have struck smoother road1 haven't we80 asked a passenger of a conductor on an ,arkansas railway4 8,no40 replied the conductor4 8,we have only run off the track40 99 99 99 99 99 ,has it ever occurred to you that the initials ,n4 ,j4 stand not only for ,new ,jersey1 but ,new ,jerusalem8 ,there's the same uncertainty of significance in certain words beginning with ,h--one of which is ,heaven4 99 99 99 99 99 8,you are the most stuck-up chap ,i ever saw10 remarked a young lady to a youth whom she met at a taffy pull4 ,to which he replied3 8,and you are just as sweet as you are candid40 ,another leap-year horror4 99 99 99 99 99 8,rebecca10 said ,mose ,schaumberg1 an ,austin merchant prince to his wife4 8,i vants you to gif me your photograph40 8,und vat in the vorld do you vant mit mine photograph80 inquired the wife4 8,i vants to paste it on mine pipe4 ,times vas so pad dad ,i vants to preak mineself of smoking10 answered ,mose4 99 99 99 99 99 8,your visits remind me of the growth of a successful newspaper10 said ,uncle ,jabez1 leaning his chin on his cane1 and glancing at ,william ,arthur1 who was sweet on ,angelica4 8,why so80 inquired ,william4 8,well1 they commenced as a weekly1 grew to be a tri-weekly1 and have now become daily1 with a weekly supplement40 99 99 99 99 99 ,they were returning home from the theatre and had nearly reached her home1 when the young man observed3 8,isn't the weather cold and raw80 ,she must have misunderstood him4 8,raw10 she said1 rather hesitatingly4 8,yes1 ,i like them raw1 but10 she continued1 looking sweetly in his eyes1 8don't you think they are nicer fried80 ,what could he do8 99 99 99 99 99 ,one more unfortunate3 ,mamma 7a widow of considerable personal attractions7--8,i want to tell you something1 ,tommy4 ,you saw that gentleman talking to grandmamma in the other room4 ,well1 he is going to be your new papa4 ,mamma's going to marry him40 ,tommy 7who recollects something of the life his old papa used to lead7--8,d-d-does he know it yet mamma80 99 99 99 99 99 8,doctor10 said our young man to a jocular dentist1 8,i hear you've been saying that ,i've got a mouth that always reminds you of the mouth of the ,mississippi4 ,is that so80 8,of course not1 my dear boy10 said ,burton4 8,i never said anything so cruel4 ,all ,i said was that when ,i was reaching for one of your rear snags ,i always felt safer when ,i had a life-preserver around me40 99 99 99 99 99 ,queen ,victoria took the second prize at the ,york show with a yearling heifer from her ,balmoral farm1 and she kicked like a steer because she didn't get the first4 ,the heifer did1 not ,victoria4 ,er himperial majesty kicked too1 because the first prize is one shilling thruppence1 while the second is only one shilling tuppence happeny1 but her protest of course was made in a most majestic and lady-like manner4--,hawkeye4 99 99 99 99 99 ,some of the richest men in ,austin started in life in a very modest way1 and are still plain1 unpretentious people1 but their sons put on a great deal of style4 ,one of the latter1 who was better posted about other people's affairs than his own family's remarked sneeringly to an acquaintance3 8,your father was nothing but a simple stonemason40 8,i know where you got that information10 quietly remarked the other4 8,from whom did ,i get it80 8,from your father40 8,how do you know that80 8,because your father used to be my father's hod-carrier40 99 99 99 99 99 ,it is a base slander upon the goat to say he eats tomato can labels and circus poster and old hoop skirts and things because he likes them4 ,he is driven to this coarse1 and not very nutritious fare1 by hard times and destitution4 ,when he can stand on his hind legs and eat his luxurious way along a clothes-line1 all the circus posters in the world can't lure him away from the night shirt and the par boiled sheet4 ,be just to the goat4 ,and how he does love a coil of manilla rope or a rubber door mat4 ,the fact is1 the goat is gifted with a fine rather epicurean taste1 and if we could afford to feed him the things he is fond of he would never touch a tomato can4--,hawkeye4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,special ,,offer4 #fg ,,for #ah6 ,illustration ,a ,superb ,new ,family ,sewing ,machine6 ,combining all the most recent improvements1 and now selling for #fe1 is offered by ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer ,,publishing ,,company to subscribers to ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer ,,for #ah1 including one year's subscription to the paper4 ,this exceptional offer will remain open for a few days only4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,standard ,,books ,,now ,,ready ,,for ,,distribution4 ,,volumes ,,one ,,and ,,two ,,of ,,the ,,national ,,register ,,norman ,,horses ,the most reliable1 concise1 and exhaustive history of the horse in general1 and by far the most complete and authentic one of the ,norman horse in particular1 ever published in the ,united ,states4 ,,prices3 ,volume ,i44444444444444444444444444444444444444 444 #b4jj ,volume ,,ii444444444444444444444444444444444444 4444 #a4ej ,when the two volumes are sent in one package to one address1 #c4jj4 ,sent1 postpaid1 on receipt of price4 ,address your orders to ,,prairie ,,farmer ,,publishing ,,co41 ,chicago 99 99 99 99 99 ,,quinby',s ,,new ,,bee-,,keeping1 ,,the ,,mysteries ,,of ,,bee-,,keeping ,,explained ,combining the results of fifty years' experience with the latest discoveries and inventions and presenting the most approved methods1 forming ,a ,,complete ,,guide --,,to-- ,,successful ,,bee-,,culture ,by ,l4 ,c4 ,,root1 ,practical ,apiarian ,with #ajj ,illustrations4 ,by mail1 prepaid1 #a4ej4 ,address ,,prairie ,,farmer ,,publishing ,,co41 ,chicago4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,winter ,,greeneries ,,at ,,home ,by ,rev4 ,e4 ,a4 ,,johnson1 ,d4 ,d4 ,a ,,work ,,on ,,winter ,,gardening1 ,,giving ,,the ,,results ,,of ,,actual ,,practice4 ,the author for several years past has found recreation in beautifying his study with plants2 his work has resulted in so much enjoyment to himself and his friends that he has been induced to tell what he did and how he did it4 ,the book is not a mere dry set of directions1 but its teachings are presented in the pleasant form of letters to some young ladies1 who1 having witnessed the author's success1 have asked his instruction1 and this allows a genial personality to pervade the work1 and makes it withal readable as well as instructive4 ,it is a most excellent guide to successful winter gardening1 as suited to ,american homes1 with our peculiar domestic surroundings1 and those who follow its teachings will reach a satisfactory measure of success4 ,the engravings include several representations of the author's study4 ,finely illustrated #abmo4 ,price1 postpaid1 #a4 ,,prairie ,,farmer ,,publishing ,,co41 ,chicago4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,miscellaneous4 ,,one ,,cent invested in a postal card and addressed as below ,,will give to the writer full information as to the best lands in the ,united ,states now for sale2 how he can ,,buy them on the lowest and best terms1 also the full text of the ,u4,s4 land laws and how to secure #cbj ,,acres of ,government ,lands in ,northwestern ,minnesota and ,northeastern ,dakota4 ,,address3 ,,james ,b4 ,,power1 ,land and ,emigration ,commissioner1 ,,st4 ,,paul1 ,,minn4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,medical4 ,,disease ,,cured ,without ,medicine4 ,a ,valuable ,discovery for supplying ,magnetism to the ,human ,system4 ,electricity and ,magnetism utilized as never before for ,healing the ,sick4 ,,the ,,magneton ,,appliance ,,co4's ,,magnetic ,,kidney ,,belt6 ,,for ,,men ,,is ,,warranted ,,to ,,cure ,or ,money refunded1 the following diseases without medicine3--,pain in the ,back1 ,hips1 ,head1 or ,limbs1 ,nervous ,debility1 ,lumbago1 ,general ,debility1 ,rheumatism1 ,paralysis1 ,neuralgia1 ,sciatica1 ,diseases of the ,kidneys1 ,spinal ,diseases1 ,torpid ,liver1 ,,gout ,,seminal ,,emissions1 ,,impotency1 ,,asthma1 ,,heart ,,disease1 ,,dyspepsia1 ,,constipation1 ,,erysipelas1 ,,indigestion1 ,,hernia ,,or ,,rupture1 ,,catarrh1 ,,piles1 ,,epilepsy1 ,,dumb ,,ague1 ,,etc4 ,when any debility of the ,,generative ,,organs occurs1 ,,lost ,,vitality1 ,,lack ,,of ,,nerve ,,force ,,and ,,vigor1 ,,wasting ,,weakness1 and all those ,diseases of a personal nature1 from whatever cause1 the continuous stream of ,magnetism permeating through the parts1 must restore them to a healthy action4 ,there is no mistake about this appliance4 ,,to ,,the ,,ladies3--,if you are afflicted with ,,lame ,,back1 ,,weakness ,,of ,,the ,,spine1 ,,falling ,,of ,,the ,,womb1 ,,leucorrh,a1 ,,chronic ,,inflammation ,,and ,,ulceration ,,of ,,the ,,womb1 ,,incidental ,,hemorrhage ,,or ,,flooding1 ,,painful1 ,,suppressed1 ,,and ,,irregular ,,menstruation1 ,,barrenness1 ,,and ,,change ,,of ,,life1 ,,this ,,is ,,the ,,best ,,appliance ,,and ,,curative ,,agent ,,known4 ,for all forms of ,,female ,,difficulties it is unsurpassed by anything before invented1 both as a curative agent and as a source of power and vitalization4 ,price of either ,belt with ,magnetic ,insoles1 #aj1 sent by express ,c4,o4,d41 and examination allowed1 or by mail on receipt of price4 ,in ordering send measure of waist1 and size of shoe4 ,remittance can be made in currency1 sent in letter at our risk4 ,the ,magneton ,garments are adapted to all ages1 are worn over the under-clothing 7,,not ,,next ,,to ,,the ,,body ,,like ,,the ,,many ,,galvanic ,,and ,,electric ,,humbugs ,,advertised ,,so ,,extensively71 and should be taken off at night4 ,they hold their ,,power ,,forever1 and are worn at all seasons of the year4 ,send stamp for the 8,new ,departure in ,medical treatment ,,without ,,medicine10 with thousands of testimonials4 ,,the ,,magneton ,,appliance ,,co41 #bah ,,state ,,street4 ,,chicago1 ,,ill4 ,,note4--,send one dollar in postage stamps or currency 7in letter at our risk7 with size of shoe usually worn1 and try a pair of our ,magnetic ,insoles1 and be convinced of the power residing in our other ,magnetic ,appliances4 ,positively no cold feet when they are worn1 or money refunded4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,publications4 ,,marshall ,m4 ,,kirkman',s ,,books ,,on ,,railroad ,,topics4 ,,do ,,you ,,want ,,to ,,become ,a ,,railroad ,,man ,,if ,,you ,,do1 ,,the ,,books ,,described ,,below ,,point ,,the ,,way4 ,the most promising field for men of talent and ambition at the present day is the railroad service4 ,the pay is large in many instances1 while the service is continuous and honorable4 ,most of our railroad men began life on the farm4 ,of this class is the author of the accompanying books descriptive of railway operations1 who has been connected continuously with railroads as a subordinate and officer for #bg years4 ,he was brought up on a farm1 and began railroading as a lad at #g per month4 ,he has written a number of standard books on various topics connected with the organization1 construction1 management and policy of railroads4 ,these books are of interest not only to railroad men but to the general reader as well4 ,they are indispensable to the student4 ,they present every phase of railroad life1 and are written in an easy and simple style that both interests and instructs4 ,the books are as follows3 8,,railway ,,expenditures--,,their ,,extent1 ,,object ,,and ,,economy40--,a ,practical ,treatise on ,construction and ,operation4 ,in ,two ,volumes1 #hej pages4 #d4jj 8,,hand ,,book ,,of ,,railway ,,expenditures40--,practical ,directions for ,keeping the ,expenditure ,accounts4 #b4jj 8,,railway ,,revenue ,,and ,,its ,,collection40--,and ,explaining the ,organization of ,railroads4 #b4ej 8,,the ,,baggage1 ,,parcel ,,and ,,mail ,,traffic ,,of ,,railroads40--,an interesting work on this important service2 #dbe pages4 #b4jj 8,,train ,,and ,,station ,,service40--,giving ,the ,principal ,rules and ,regulations governing ,trains2 #bhj pages4 #b4jj 8,,the ,,track ,,accounts ,,of ,,railroads40--,and how they should be kept4 ,pamphlet4 #a4jj 8,,the ,,freight ,,traffic ,,way-,,bill40--,its ,uses ,illustrated and ,described4 ,pamphlet4 4#ej 8,,mutual ,,guarantee40--,a ,treatise on ,mutual ,suretyship4 ,pamphlet4 4#ej ,any of the above books will be sent post paid on receipt of price1 by ,,prairie ,,farmer ,,publishing ,,co41 #aej ,monroe ,st4 ,,chicago1 ,,ill4 ,money should be remitted by express1 or by draft check or post office order4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,map ,of the ,united ,states and ,canada1 ,printed in ,colors1 size #d #b feet1 also a copy of ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer for one year4 ,sent to any address for #b4jj4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,general ,,news4 ,boston people propose to have a crematory4 ,michigan fruit buds are reported but little damaged by the late freezing4 ,ex-,governor ,john ,letcher1 of ,virginia1 is dead4 ,kansas corn is being shipped to ,wabash1 ,ind4 ,it sells for #fe cents per bushel4 ,gould is reducing the pay of employes along his ,southwestern system fifty per cent4 ,the ,virginia ,house has passed the joint resolution asking ,senator ,mahone to resign4 ,the ,russian authorities have refused to allow a monument of ,luther to be erected at ,riga4 ,the lines of the ,national ,telegraph ,company have been absorbed by the ,baltimore and ,ohio4 ,last ,saturday night ,europe experienced one of the severest gales ever known on that ,continent4 ,the issue of silver dollars for the week ending ,jan4 #bf1 was #aaj1jjj2 corresponding period last year #bfc1jjj4 ,e4 ,m4 ,w4 ,mackey1 the ,republican ,member of ,congress for ,south ,carolina1 died at ,washington1 ,monday morning4 ,mr4 ,blaine has introduced into the ,senate a bill for the free circulation of newspapers within the ,states where published4 ,fred ,douglas1 the eloquent ,african1 has astonished the natives by marrying a white woman4 ,he is about #gj1 she #df years old4 ,the bodies of the ,jeannette victims have reached ,moscow1 where the ,american residents placed flowers and wreathes on the biers4 ,the ,chicago ,opera-,house ,company1 with a capital of #fjj1jjj1 has been incorporated at ,springfield by ,charles ,henrotin1 ,edward ,koch1 and others4 ,the ,brigham ,young ,academy1 at ,provo1 ,utah1 valued at #cj1jjj1 was burned ,sunday evening4 ,there were four hundred students in the building4 ,no lives lost4 ,there are now #g1gid ocean steamers belonging to the different nations4 ,about one half the ocean sailing vessels belong to ,england4 ,their total number is #cf1aid4 ,the famous ,smithson college building at ,logansport1 ,indiana1 which is said to be the handsomest structure of its kind in the ,state1 is to be purchased and turned into a normal school4 ,articles of incorporation have been filed at ,new ,york for the ,merchants' ,telegraph and ,cable ,company2 capital stock #ac1jjj1jjj1 with power to increase that sum to1 but not beyond #bj1jjj1jjj4 ,the discovery of tin at ,king's mountain1 ,cleveland county1 ,n4 ,c41 is announced4 ,this is the first discovery of this metal in the ,united ,states4 ,the ,state chemist will make a careful examination4 ,o4 ,a4 ,carpenter1 suspected of the murder of ,zora ,burns1 at ,lincoln1 ,ill41 has been indicted by the grand jury1 and is now in jail4 ,it is said that sufficient new evidence to convict him has come to light4 ,it is believed that an agreement has been reached at ,pittsburg between the striking glass-workers and the employers4 ,great concessions are said to have been made on both sides4 ,the strike has lasted five months4 ,the sergeant-at-arms of the ,house of ,representatives presents bills for #c1dfa for escorting the remains of ,representative ,haskell to ,kansas4 ,among the items is one of #bja for a lunch before starting from ,washington4 ,the newspapers say that one of the jurors in the ,emma ,bond case spends considerable time in crying2 another runs from his house when visitors approach it1 and a third has been dismissed by a beautiful woman to whom he was engaged4 ,the ,hay-,shippers' ,association is getting up a petition to the ,canadian ,government in regard to the excessive duties charged on hay exported to the ,united ,states4 ,it is understood that the ,government will present the matter to the ,washington authorities4 ,in the ,french ,chamber of ,deputies1 ,monday1 ,minister ,ferry expressed the opinion that to ameliorate the labor crisis in ,paris would be a difficult task4 ,the exports were #a1bjj1jjj1jjj francs in excess of the imports1 he said1 and within five years #f1jjj1jjj francs had been expended on buildings for which tenants could hardly be obtained4 ,young ,james ,nutt was acquitted of the murder of ,dukes on the ground of insanity4 ,an after examination of his condition resulted in a declaration that he is no longer insane4 ,the case is one of wide celebrity4 ,public opinion justifies the verdict4 ,the ,president1 ,secretary ,chandler1 and ex-,secretary ,blaine1 also indorse the action of the jury4 ,illustration ,,markets4 ,,financial ,,and ,,commercial4 ,,office ,,of ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer4 ,,chicago4 ,jan #bi1 #ahhd4 ,business at the ,chicago banks is by no means brisk1 and it is not anticipated that it will be until after the first of ,february4 ,bonds and stocks are more active than for some time4 ,in ,new ,york there has been a great boom in what are known as the ,villard stocks4 ,it is said that ,gould and associates are boosting these stocks and squeezing the shorts unmercifully4 ,the number of failures reported in the ,united ,states during the past seven days was #bhg1 and for ,canada #cj1 a total of #cag1 against #dbe for the previous week1 a reduction of #ajh4 ,the greatest reduction in failures is at the ,east4 ,money in ,chicago is worth #ef per cent on call4 ,eastern exchange is firm at #fjgj;c per #a1jjj4 ,government securities are as follows3 #d's coupons1 #aijg ,q4 ,apr4 #abc #d's reg41 #aijg ,q4 ,apr4 #abc #d's coupon1 #ahia ,q4 ,mar4 #aad #d's registered1 #ahia ,q4 ,mar4 #aad #c's registered ,q4 ,mar4 #ajj ,,grain ,,and ,,provisions4 ,the ,chicago grain markets were quiet on ,monday4 ,wheat took the lead and the market closed about half a cent higher than on ,saturday4 ,foreign advices were favorable2 rain was reported in ,california1 and the ,new ,york quotations were better4 ,receipts of grain of all kinds were comparatively light4 ,flour was quiet at the following quotations3 ,choice to favorite white winters #e #dje #ej ,fair to good brands of white winters #d #gee #jj ,good to choice red winters #e #bee #ej ,prime to choice springs #d #gee #jj ,good to choice export stock1 in sacks1 extras #d #bed #ej ,good to choice export stock1 double extras #d #ejd #fe ,fair to good ,minnesota springs #d #ejd #ge ,choice to fancy ,minnesota springs #e #bee #ge ,patent springs #f #jjf #ej ,low grades #b #bec #ej ,,wheat4--,red winter1 ,no4 #c1 #ij2 car lots of spring1 ,no4 #b1 in store sold at #iaia;c2 ,no4 #c1 do4 #hehf4 ,,corn4--,moderately active4 ,car lots ,no4 #b1 #ebeb;c2 rejected1 #dcdd2 new mixed1 #dhej;c4 ,,oats4--,no4 #b in store1 closed #cbcb4 ,,rye4--,may1 in store #egeh4 ,,barley4--,no4 #b1 #eefj in store2 ,no4 #c1 f4o4b4 #ec;c4 ,,flax4--,closed at #a #dd on track4 ,,timothy4--#a #cja #cc per bushel4 ,little doing4 ,,clover4--,quiet at #e #ejf for prime4 ,,hungarian4--,prime #fe;c4 ,,buckwheat4--#gehe;c4 ,,millet4--#djej;c4 ,,provisions4--,mess pork1 ,february1 #ad #gead #gh per bbl2 ,green hams1 #aj;c per lb4 ,short ribs1 #g #fe per cwt4 ,,lard4--,february1 #h #ieh #ig4 ,,lumber4 ,lumber unchanged4 ,quotations for green are as follows3 ,short dimension1 per ,m #i #ejaj #jj ,long dimension1 per ,m #aj #jjaa #ej ,boards and strips1 ,no4 #b #aa #jjac #jj ,boards and strips1 medium #ac #jjaf #jj ,boards and strips1 ,no4 #a choice #af #jjbj #jj ,shingles1 standard #b #aj #b #bj ,shingles1 choice #b #be #b #cj ,shingles1 extra #b #dj #b #fj ,lath #a #fe #a #gj ,,country ,,produce4 ,,note4--,the quotations for the articles named in the following list are generally for commission lots of goods and from first hands4 ,while our prices are based as near as may be on the landing or wholesale rates1 allowance must be made for selections and the sorting up for store distribution4 ,,bran4--,quoted at #aeae #be per ton4 ,,beans4--,hand picked mediums #b #jeb #aj4 ,hand picked navies1 #b #aeb #bj4 ,,butter4--,dull and without change4 ,choice to extra creamery1 #cccf;c per lb42 fair to good do #becb;c2 fair to choice dairy1 #bcbh;c2 common to choice packing stock fresh and sweet1 #ahbb;c2 ladle packed #ajac;c2 fresh made1 streaked butter1 #iaa;c4 ,,broom-,,corn4--,good to choice hurl #fg;c per lb42 green self-working #ef;c2 red-tipped and pale do #de;c2 inside and covers #cd;c2 common short corn #bc;c2 crooked1 and damaged1 #bd;c1 according to quality4 ,,cheese4--,choice full-cream cheddars #acad;c per lb42 medium quality do #ajaa;c2 good to prime full cream flats #acad;c2 skimmed cheddars #iaj;c2 good skimmed flats #gi;c2 hard-skimmed and common stock #cd;c4 ,,eggs4--,in a small way the best brands are quotable at #cdce;c per dozen1 fresh2 #bebh;c for good ice house stock2 #bjbe;c per pickled4 ,,feathers4--,quotations3 ,prime live geese feathers #ebed;c per lb42 ducks #bece;c2 duck and geese mixed #cede;c2 dry-picked chicken feathers body #ff;c2 turkey body feathers #dd;c2 do tail #eefj;c2 do wing #bece;c2 do wing and tail mixed #cedj;c4 ,,hay4--,no #a timothy #iaj per ton2 ,no #b do #h #jj #h #ej2 mixed do #gh2 upland prairie #h #jjaj #ge2 ,no #a prairie #fg2 ,no #b do #d #eje #ej4 ,small bales sell at #beej;c per ton more than large bales4 ,,hides ,,and ,,pelts4--,green-cured light hides #h;c per lb42 do heavy cows #h;c2 ,no #b damaged green-salted hides #f;c2 green-salted calf #abab cents2 green-salted bull #f;c2 dry-salted hides #aa cents2 ,no4 #b two-thirds price2 ,no4 #a dry flint #adad;c4 ,sheep pelts salable at #bhcb;c for the estimated amount of wash wool on each pelt4 ,all branded and scratched hides are discounted #ae per cent from the price of ,no4 #a4 ,,hops4--,prime to choice ,new ,york ,state hops #bebf;c per lb42 ,pacific coast of #bcbf;c2 fair to good ,wisconsin #aebj;c4 ,,honey ,,and ,,beeswax4--,good to choice white comb honey in small boxes #aeag;c per lb42 common and dark-colored1 or when in large packages #abad;c2 ,beeswax ranged at #becj;c per lb41 according to quality1 the outside for prime yellow4 ,,poultry4--,prices for good to choice dry picked and unfrozen lots are3 ,turkeys #acad;c per lb42 chickens #iaj;c2 ducks #abac;c2 geese #iaa;c4 ,thin1 undesirable1 and frozen stock #bc;c per lb less than these figures2 live offerings nominal4 ,,potatoes4--,good to choice #cjcd;c per bu4 on track2 common to fair #bebh;c4 ,illinois sweet potatoes range at #de per bbl for yellow4 ,,tallow ,,and ,,grease4--,no #a country tallow #gg;c per lb42 ,no #b do #ff;c4 ,prime white grease #ff;c2 yellow #ee2 brown #de4 ,,vegetables4--,cabbage1 #abah per #ajj2 celery1 #bece;c per doz bunches2 onions1 #a #bea #ej per bbl for yellow1 and #a for red2 turnips1 #a #cea #ej per bbl for rutabagas1 and #a #jj for white flat4 ,,wool4--from store range as follows for bright wools from ,wisconsin1 ,illinois1 ,michigan1 ,indiana1 and ,eastern ,iowa--dark ,western lots generally ranging at #ab;c per lb4 less4 ,coarse and dingy tub #becj ,good medium tub #cacd ,unwashed bucks' fleeces #adae ,fine unwashed heavy fleeces #ahbb ,fine light unwashed heavy fleeces #bbbc ,coarse unwashed fleeces #babb ,low medium unwashed fleeces #bdbe ,fine medium unwashed fleeces #bfbg ,fine washed fleeces #cbcc ,coarse washed fleeces #bfbh ,low medium washed fleeces #cjcb ,fine medium washed fleeces #cdce ,colorado and ,territory wools range as follows3 ,lowest grades #adaf ,low medium #ahbb ,medium #bbbf ,fine #afbd ,wools from ,new ,mexico3 ,lowest grades #adaf ,part improved #afag ,best improved #aibc ,burry from #b;c to #aj;c off2 black #b;c to #e;c off4 ,,live ,,stock ,,markets4 ,the total receipts and shipments for last week were as follows3 ,received4 ,shipped4 ,cattle #cg1iia #ai1jic ,calves #dje #ajb ,hogs #aad1gcb #ch1hee ,sheep #ai1gdf #ad1hjf ,,cattle4--,the receipts have been large for a few days1 and prices have declined about #be cents per hundred since ,thursday of last week4 ,the grade has been far from first-class1 but few of them weighing over #a1djj lbs4 ,the export demand for really choice stock was greater than the supply4 ,common to choice lots sold to shippers at #ef #gj1 with some sales as low as #d #ge4 ,quotations closed as follows3 ,fancy heavy fat cattle ,nominal4 ,choice to prime steers #f #gj #g #ae ,good to choice steers #f #be #f #fe ,fair to good shipping steers #e #fe #f #bj ,common to medium steers #d #ge #e #jj ,butcher's steers #d #fe #e #aj ,cows1 common to good #c #be #d #gj ,common canning cattle #b #be #c #bj ,stockers #c #hj #d #ej ,feeders #d #ej #e #aj ,milch cows1 per head #be #jjee #jj ,veal calves1 per #ajj lbs4 #d #jj #g #ej ,,hogs4--,most of the packing houses are closed1 yet there are a few packers competing with the shippers4 ,prices are now about #cj cents lower than last year at this time4 ,receipts were about #af1jjj head on ,sunday and ,monday4 ,the number of hogs left over last night was very small4 ,the market1 however1 was rather weak1 except for choice1 well-fattened hogs4 ,sales of rough packing hogs were made at #e #eje #ie2 good to choice heavy1 #ff #ee2 light1 #e #djf2 skipps and culls1 #c #gee #ce4 ,note4--,all sales of hogs are made subject to a shrinkage of #dj lbs for piggy sows and #hj lbs for stags4 ,dead hogs sell for #a;c per lb for weights of #bjj and over and ,transcriber's ,note3 blank in the original for weights of less than #ajj lbs4 ,,sheep4--,the supply was good1 yesterday1 and also on ,sunday1 there being #g1ejj head1 against #c1djj for the same days a week ago4 ,the average grade was poor4 ,sales ranged from #c #je to #f for common to prime4 ,common lots suffered a decline4 99 99 99 99 99 ,j4 ,h4 ,,white ,,co41 ,,produce ,,commission #ajf ,s4 ,water ,st41 ,chicago4 ,refers to this paper4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,dairy ,,supplies1 ,,etc4 ,,the ,,chicago ,,creamery4 ,the #ast claim of the ,chicago ,creamery and ,rectangular ,can is1 that the can has from #bej to #ccb more of cooling surface than any round can in use4 #b;d4 ,it will cool milk to temperature of water surrounding it in ,,one ,,hour4 #c;d4 ,it will raise ,,all ,,the ,,cream in ten hours with the water #ej to #ee degrees2 no round can can do this in ten hours with ice4 #dth4 ,no round or square can containing #d gallons of milk1 or over1 will give as much cream from #ajj pounds of milk as this ,rectangular4 ,with the use of ice all the cream is raised in from one to two hours4 ,,we ,,warrant all this1 and will test the same before any chemist in ,chicago1 paying all expenses of the test1 if any competing ,creamery can show as good results4 ,,our ,,terms ,are reasonable4 ,we solicit the attention of all butter-makers1 confident that we can aid them in getting more profit from their cows than they are now doing4 ,,sperbeck ,,stout1 #ba ,w4 ,,randolph ,,st41 ,,chicago4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,pig ,,extricator ,to aid animals in giving birth4 ,send for free circular to ,,wm4 ,,dulin1 ,avoca1 ,pottawattamie ,co41 ,ia4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,sewing ,,silk4 ,,corticelli ,,sewing ,,silk1 ,illustration ,,ladies1 ,,try ,,it6 ,,the ,,best ,,sewing ,,silk ,,made4 ,,every ,,spool ,,warranted4 ,,full ,,length1 ,,smooth ,,and ,,strong4 ,ask your storekeeper for ,corticelli ,silk4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,miscellaneous4 ,,farmers ,do you want to change your run-out seed-wheat for something fresh and vigorous8 ,then try the ,,saskatchawan ,,fife ,an improved variety of the old ,scotch ,fife1 a spring wheat grown from seed brought down from the ,saskatchawan ,valley in ,manitoba4 ,it is enormously productive4 ,everywhere it has been exhibited it has taken the highest premium for excellence as a pure1 hard milling wheat4 ,the ,hon4 ,c4 ,a4 ,pillsbury1 at the head of the great ,pillsbury ,flouring ,mills1 ,minneapolis1 says of it3 8,i consider it the best and purest ,fife ,wheat to-day in the ,northwest4 ,no such milling wheat has been received at our mills since we have been in the milling business40 ,write to ,w4 ,j4 ,,abernethy ,,co41 ,,minneapolis1 ,originators and ,proprietors1 for their #af-page pamphlet1 giving its history and prices4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,try ,,dreer',s ,,garden ,,seeds which have been planted by some growers for #de years4 ,illustration ,the quality is the first consideration secured by the most careful selection4 ,the prices1 the lowest consistent with sterling merit4 ,,dreer',s ,,garden ,,calendar ,,for #ahhd1 offering ,vegetable1 ,flower and ,field ,seeds1 ,plants1 ,bulbs1 and everything for the garden1 mailed ,,free4 ,,henry ,a4 ,,dreer1 #gad ,,chestnut ,,street1 ,,philadelphia4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,peach ,,trees ,a ,,large ,,stock ,,of ,,leading ,,varieties--,,cheap4 ,first1 second and third sizes all splendidly rooted4 ,the two smaller sizes well adapted for distant shipments4 ,also a ,,full ,,assortment of ,,nursery ,,stock1 including ,,greenhouse ,,plants1 ,,flower ,,and ,,vegetable ,,seeds ,catalogue ,,free2 send for one4 ,correspondence solicited4 #cjth ,year4 #ejj ,acres4 #ba ,greenhouses4 ,,the ,,storrs ,,harrison ,,co4 ,,painesville1 ,,lake ,,county1 ,,ohio4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,forest ,,tree ,,seeds6 ,i offer a large stock of ,walnuts1 ,butternuts1 ,ash1 and ,box ,elder ,seeds1 suitable for planting4 ,all the growth of #ahhc4 ,i control the entire stock of the ,,salome ,,apple1 a valuable1 new1 hardy variety4 ,also a general assortment of ,nursery stock4 ,send for catalogue1 circular1 and price lists4 ,address ,,bryant',s ,,nursery1 ,princeton1 ,ill4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,it ,,will ,,pay ,,to ,,get our #ahhd catalogue of ,,small ,,fruits1 all kinds4 ,,ford',s ,,early ,,sweet ,,corn1 sweetest best4 ,early ,colton ,apple1 best quality1 hardy in ,wisconsin4 ,,our ,,new ,,potato ,lee's ,favorite1 extremely early1 best quality1 most productive1 #bfe lbs4 grown from one4 ,catalogue free4 ,address1 ,,frank ,,ford ,,son ,ravenna1 ,ohio 99 99 99 99 99 ,,farmers ,,and ,,housekeepers ,send #a for a new ,,spanish recipe for preserving eggs1 guaranteed to keep them two to three years4 ,address ,,box #cbf1 ,,san ,,antonio1 ,,texas4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,deitz ,,seed ,,corn ,early ,mammoth double-eared yellow ,,field ,,corn1 the ,,best of #bj years' selection4 #c lbs by mail1 paid1 #a2 one peek here1 #a2 #a bus4 #c2 #e bus4 #aj2 #ajj bus4 #aej4 ,sample #aj;c4 ,g4 ,a4 ,,deitz1 ,chambersburg1 ,pa4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,specialty ,,for #ahhd4 #bjj bush4 ,onion sets1 #bj1jjj ,asparagus roots1 ,raspberry and ,strawberry roots1 and ,champion ,potatoes4 ,italian ,bees a specialty4 ,send for price list for #ahhd4 ,,send ,,early ,,to ,a4 ,j4 ,,norris1 ,cedar ,falls1 ,iowa4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,lang',s ,,live ,,seeds4 ,,northern ,,grown1 ,,thoroughly ,,tested4 ,flower ,vegetable and ,field4 #bj1jjj ,catalogues free4 ,send names of your friends4 ,,fred4 ,n4 ,,lang1 ,baraboo1 ,wis4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,marlboro ,,red ,,raspberry ,send to the originators for history and terms4 ,a4 ,s4 ,caywood ,son1 ,marlboro1 ,n4 ,y4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,cocoons ,,and ,,rare ,,insects bought4 ,write to ,k4 ,h4 ,,schuricht1 #aab ,monroe ,st41 ,chicago4