,illu/ration3 ,,an ,,ice ,,h>ve/+ ,,sc5e4 ,,! ,,ice ,,crop ,h[ to ,h>ve/1 ,/ore1 ,%ip & ,use ,ice ,a ,,complete ,,practical ,,treatise ,,= ,,f>m]s1 ,,dairym51 ,,ice ,,deal]s1 ,,produce ,,%ipp]s1 ,,meat ,,pack]s1 ,,cold ,,/or]s1 ,,& ,,all ,,int]e/$ ,,9 ,,ice ,,h\ses1 ,,cold ,,/orage ,,& ,,! ,,h&l+ ,,or ,,use ,,( ,,ice ,,9 ,,any ,,way ,,includ+ ,_m ,recipes = ,ic$ ,di%es & ,bev]ages ,,by ,,!ron ,l4 ,,hiles ,,new ,,york ,,orange ,,judd ,,company #ahic ,,copyright1 #ahib1 ,,by ,,orange ,,judd ,,company ,,preface4 ,an attempt is made1 9 ?is volume1 to record "s ( ! m prom95t features reg>d+ ,ice z x affects ! heal?1 conv5i5ce & indu/ry ( ! p4 ,! developm5t ( ! ice indu/ry dur+ ! la/ =ty ye>s has be5 ph5om5al2 !re are1 h[ev]1 b few records by :i* its progress c be accurately gaug$4 ,no pret5tions1 o!r ?an ^? ( a practical "*1 are made 9 behalf ( ?is book4 ,b x is hop$ t ! in=mation "h collect$ w meet ) ! favor & approval ( ^? :o are int]e/$ 9 ?is commodity4 ,,!ron ,l4 ,,hiles4 ,,*icago1 ,,ill41 ,,w9t]1 #ahib4 ,,table ,,( ,,cont5ts4 ,page4 ,frontispiece,a #b ,title ,page #c ,preface #e ,*apt] ,i1 ,an ,hi/orical ,sket* #g-aa ,*apt] ,,ii1 ,legal & ,sanit>y ,me?ods #aa-ad ,*apt] ,,iii1 ,cutt+ & ,/or+ ,ice #ad-db ,*apt] ,,iv1 ,con/ruction ( ,comm]cial ,ice ,h\ses #db-ee ,*apt] ,v1 ,! ,c>e1 ,h&l+ & ,m>ket+ ( ,ice #ef-fb ,*apt] ,,vi1 ,! ,use ( ,ice 9 ,refrig]ation--,refrig]ator ,ice ,h\se = ,use 9 ,f>m+1 ,cutt+ ,ice 9 ,small ,quantities = ,f>m & ,family ,use1 ,co-op]ation ) ! ,ice ,crop #fb-hc ,*apt] ,,vii1 ,artificial ,ice & ,cold ,air ,ma*9es #hd-ia ,*apt] ,,viii1 ,ice 9 ,transportation #ia-if ,*apt] ,,ix1 ,ret>d+ ,h\ses ,)\t ,ice--,miscellane\s ,h9ts #if-aja ,*apt] ,x1 ,recipes = ,ic$ ,food & ,bev]ages #aja-aad ,li/ ( ,illu/rations #aae-aaf ,index #aag-abb ,a ,! ,frontispiece is f ! ice h>ve/ ( ! ,knick]bock] ,ice ,co4 ( ,*icago4 ,,! ,,ice ,,crop4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,an ,,hi/orical ,,sket*4 ,! ,orig9 ( ! ,ice ,bus9ess 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates--,its ,wond]ful ,developm5t ,comm]cially & 9 ! ,manifold ,uses ( ,ice--,a ,p5 ,picture ( a ,mod]n ,ice ,h>ve/4 ,prior to #ahje1 !re 0 no regul>ly conduct$ traffic 9 ice1 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,9 ! w9t] ( #ahje-f1 a supply 0 secur$ at ,bo/on1 ,mass41 & ! foll[+ summ] a c>go 0 despat*$ to ! ,we/ ,indies1 :]e yell[ fev] 0 !n rag+4 ,,dome/ic ,,& ,,export ,,trade 7 bo? ( v sl[ gr[?1 &1 9 #ahbe1 ! ice consum$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & export$ to =eign ports 0 probably less ?an fifty ?\s& tons4 ,dur+ ! ?irty ye>s foll[+1 ! consumption ( ice increas$ m rapidly1 & ! ent]prise ( ! %ipp]s c>ri$ ! fame ( ,bo/on ice all ar\nd ! _w4 ,c>goes 7 consign$ to ,london1 to ! ,ea/ ,indies1 & ! ,we/ ,indies1 ,rio de ,janeiro1 ,calcutta1 ,*9a1 ,japan1 & ,au/ralia4 ,,! ,,export ,,trade rea*$ its height ab\t ?is "t4 ,fr$]ick ,tudor1 ( ,bo/on1 ,mass41 :o %ipp$ ! fir/ c>go to ! ,we/ ,indies 9 #ahjf1 & ^: ent]prise _h c>ri$ 8 %ips to all ! ports m5tion$1 0 titl$ ! 8,ice ,k+40 ,n _m ye>s aft] ?is1 ice & refrig]ator ma*9es began to supply ! dem& = ice 9 tropical climes1 & ! importations ( ! natural product soon ceas$4 ,two million tons is a lib]al e/imate ( ! am\nt ( ice /or$ at ?is date1 #ahee1 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ) six or sev5 million doll>s ( inve/$ capital4 ,,_m ,,new ,,uses = ice h ex]t$ a m>k$ influ5ce on ! dem& dur+ ! succe$+ ye>s4 ,dur+ ! w> ( ! ,rebellion1 ! ,gov]nm5t 0 a l>ge pur*as]1 on acc\nt ( ! hospital s]vice4 ,! brew]s1 :o 9 e>li] days1 _h susp5d$ op]ations dur+ ! heat ( ! summ]1 n[ pursu$ _! avocation cont9u\sly1 ) ! aid ( ice4 ,meat pack]s f\nd 9 ice an ag5t = imm5sely augm5t+ _! product1 :ile ! fi%]ies consum$ _m ?\s& tons4 ,! dem& = ice creams & cool$ dr9ks1 toge!r ) ! gr[+ ta/e = luxuries1 9 our cities & t[ns1 has /imulat$ ! retail+ ( ice until1 at ?is "t1 !re is h>dly a t[n or village1 :]e ice privileges exi/1 t does n support a repres5tative ( ! ice trade1 & !re are few l>ge t[ns 9 ! ,s\? :i* are n furni%$ ) "o or m artificial ice factories4 ,,! ,,use ,,( ,,ice4--,x is safe to say t1 at ?is "t1 ! us]s ( ice1 directly or indirectly1 n[ include ne>ly ! entire population ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,,developm5t ,,( ,,me?ods4--,! progress made 9 ! me?ods & conv5i5ces = secur+ ! natural ice crop1 & 9 ! con/ruction ( /orage h\ses1 has kept pace ) ! gr[? ( ! dem&4 ,orig9ally1 axes & saws compris$ ! deal]s' outfit4 ,n[1 a mod]n plant is replete ) tools & appliances1 ^: manufacture is a di/9ct call+1 & may comprise vessels1 c>s1 wagons1 imm5se /orage h\ses1 :]e upw>d ( "o hundr$ ?\s& tons ( ice are ga!r$ "u "o ro(1 also city supply depots & :>fs1 all ( :i* are equipp$ ) special reg>d to h&l+ ?is product4 ,,ext5t ,,( ,,! ,,ice ,,indu/ry4--,! annual consumption ( natural & manufactur$ ice is v great4 ,by add+ to ?is ! equival5t1 9 tons ( ice1 ( ! "w p]=m$ by refrig]ator ma*9es1 9 ! v>i\s indu/ries 9 :i* !y are us$1 ! gr& total is e/imat$ to exce$ tw5ty million tons ( ice us$ ea* ye>4 ,! capital inve/$ 9 c>ry+ on ?is bus9ess is n less ?an tw5ty-eight million doll>s4 ,employm5t1 con/ant & tempor>y1 is af=d$ by ! ice trade to ab\t n9ety ?\s& p]sons & tw5ty-five ?\s& horses4 ,x is probable t m ?an half ( ! _w's annual ice supply is procur$ & consum$ 9 ?is c\ntry1 :i* is ! home ( ?is indu/ry4 ,,! ,,pres]v+ ,,or ,,antiseptic ,,p[]s ,,( ,,ice h long be5 made use ( to keep food f decay4 ,! be/ illu/ration ( its p[]s 9 ?is direction is f\nd 9 ! acc\nts :i* travel]s 9 ,nor!rn ,europe & ,asia h giv5 u ( ! discov]ies ( huge mammo?s froz5 )9 l>ge blocks ( ice4 ,?is species ( animal has be5 ext9ct = ages1 & s p]fectly h !y be5 pres]v$ t "s ( ! native tribes occasionally make use ( ^! supplies ( fle% = food4 ,fi%1 meat & eggs are n[ froz5 & kept dur+ _m mon?s1 & ! transportation ( fre% beef & mutton = ?\s&s ( miles ov] l& & sea is an e/abli%$ cu/om4 ,fre% fi% are froz5 9 ! c5t] ( cakes ( ice1 &1 %ipp$ 9 ?is way1 pres5t a v h&some appe>ance4 ,?is prop]ty ( ice = dome/ic & comm]cial purposes has be5 ( an incalculable b5efit to ! human family4 ,_m em95t physicians h laid ! seal ( _! approval ^u ! use ( ice z a rem$ial ag5t1 & also = ! alleviation ( suff]+ among ! sick4 ,s highly did !y e/eem x t1 prior to ! g5]al introduction ( ! trade 9 ice1 _m doctors & manag]s ( hospitals _h private /ores ( ice = use among _! pati5ts4 ,! directors ( ! ,p5nsylvania hospital at ,philadelphia may be cr$it$ ) be+ ! pione] ice deal]s ( t city1 z 9 ! e>ly ye>s ( ! c5tury !y dispos$ ( _! surplus /ores ( ice by sale 9 t community4 ,_m localities :i* are n[ important c5t]s 9 ! ice trade 7 at "o "t dep5d5t ^u ! m$ical frat]nity = ice = hygi5ic purposes4 ,,p5 ,,picture ,,( ,a ,,mod]n ,,ice ,,h>ve/4 7,see ,frontispiece47--,view$ f an em95ce on ! %ore1 a pretty & engag+ sc5e is (t5 pres5t$ at an ice h\se 9 ! c\ntry1 dur+ ! h>ve/4 ,! cle> sunlight flood+ ! quiet l&scape discloses "h & !re a snug f>mh\se %elt]$ among ! hills1 & surr\nd$ ) trees & %rubs1 rival+1 9 _! s(t d[ny drap]ies ( spotless :ite & brilliant pe>ls1 _! v]nal beauty :5 joy\s spr+ has clo!d _! b\ghs ) fragrant blossoms & em]ald leaves4 ,! broad /ream or lake1 ice-lock$ & /ill1 /ret*es away to ! di/ance1 a level & unbrok5 pla92 its f>!r %ore dw9dl+ away until lo/ to view1 pres5ts a delicately trac$ outl9e ( =e/ & field aga9/ ! horizon4 ,! ne> by %ore /&s out cle> cut & bold ( outl9e1 b quiet & des]t$4 ,no?+ 9 ! aspect ( nature d5otes activity or invites ! attack ( man by a display ( treasure4 ,/epp+ to ! br9k ( ! hill ne> ! %ore1 a new sc5e breaks ^u ! view4 ,at ! foot ( ! hill /&s a huge ice h\se1 its %ore side s]ri$ ) gall]ies along ! entire front1 ) incl9$ ways ext5d+ f ! wat] to ! top ( ! h\se1 & a connect+ bridge or runway betwe5 ea* gall]y & ! incl9e4 ,alongside ( ! incl9e is discov]$ a p[]-h\se & tool-room1 & at a little di/ance l>ge b>ns & dwell+s4 ,f ! foot ( ! incl9e lead+ out into ! lake is se5 a d>k l9e1 :i* bran*es out & becomes a l>ge blot on ! cle> :ite surface4 ,a clos] inspection reveals an animat$ sc5e1 ( m5 arm$ ) /range weapons attack+1 ) great vigor1 fields ( ice1 :i* !y deta* f ! ma9 surface1 & on :i* !y navigate ! op5 wat]1 already /ripp$ ( its froz5 cry/als4 ,all ar\nd are se5 teams & horses draw+ huge loads ( sn[ to ! di/ant %ores1 pl[s & m>k]s1 cross+ & recross+ ! cle>$ surface1 & long l9es ( ice blocks1 :i* are be+ float$ along ! *annels to ! incl9e1 :]e ! puff+ eng9e imp>ts motion to swiftly glid+1 endless *a9s1 :i* cat* up ! wait+ cakes & :isk !m away up ! incl9e & into ! ice h\se1 look+ z ?\gh !y 7 end[$ ) life-motion & 7 travel+ ( _! own volition4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,legal ,,& ,,sanit>y ,,matt]s4 ,ice ,privileges & ,legal ,po9ts--,artificial ,ice ,ponds & ,sanit>y ,c>e ( ,ice ,ponds & ,fields4 ,att5tion is n[ be+ giv5 to ! sanit>y condition ( ! s\rces f :5ce supplies ( natural ice are obta9$4 ,ice sold = dome/ic uses & cut f canal wat]1 mu/1 9 ,new ,york1 be s label$4 ,agitation 9 ?is direction has l$ to ! prohibition ( ice cutt+ on specifi$ pollut$ wat]s1 by "s bo>ds ( heal?1 = any o!r ?an cool+ purposes4 ,9 sev]al ,/ates ! ice crop is protect$ by ! enactm5t ( laws :i* make x a misdemeanor to de/roy or injure ice 9 ! field :]e x is to be cut4 ,no d\bt ! pres]vation ( ! purity ( our /reams & lakes w receive m c>e 9 ! future1 z sanit>y k becomes m widely diffus$4 ,,lakes ,,f$ ,,by ,,spr+s1 & hav+ clean b$s1 h naturally ris5 9 value = ice cutt+ purposes4 ,runn+ /reams1 especially ^? ) a rapid curr5t1 purify _! wat]s v rapidly4 ,exposure to light & air1 ! influ5ce ( oxyg51 & ! motion ( ! wat]1 all assi/ 9 ?is good (fice4 ,=eign sub/ances are expell$ f ! ice 9 ! process ( freez+1 & /reams ( ?is "*1 n pollut$ by ! pres5ce ( sew]age1 wa/e products f factories1 pack+ h\ses1 gas works1 etc41 produce ice ( great purity4 ,,! ,,own]%ip ,,( ,,ice ,,fields has be5 a bone ( cont5tion 9 _m in/ances1 :]e a k ( ! legal rights involv$ w\ld h sav$ exp5sive litigation4 ,9 a g5]al way1 ice cutt+ rights are divid$ into two classes4 ,ice on navigable wat]s is "u ! au?ority ( ! national gov]nm5t4 8,navigable10 9 ?is in/ance1 be+ us$ to d5ote tide wat]1 ! propriet>y rights ( own]s ( ! abutt+ prop]ty are limit$ to ! wat] l9e at high tides4 ,on all su* wat]s1 navigation be+ clos$1 ! ice is free & is secur$ by pre-emption1 ! fir/ "o to /ake out claims be+ entitl$ to cut ! ice4 ,9 cont5tions ov] b\nd>ies ( ice fields1 :]e ! issue is 9 d\bt1 ! ice deal] ^: prop]ty =ms ! wat] front is giv5 ! pref]5ce4 ,riv]s1 small lakes & navigable /reams above tide wat] are t]m$ public4 ,! b\nd>y l9e ( abutt+ prop]ty is held to ext5d "u ! wat] to ! c5t] ( ! *annel1 & includes ! own]%ip ( ! ice =m$ above x4 ,public conv5i5ce = navigation & comm]ce1 h[ev]1 take prec$5ce4 ,! rights to ?is ice are ?us subject to contract & sale4 ,! subm]g$ l& may also be sold1 & all de$s to wat] front prop]ty %\ld cle>ly set =? ! b\nd>y l9e & all ! rights t are gu>d$ & res]v$4 ,,:]e ,,dams ,,are ,,built across /reams & ! wat] l9e is rais$ on prop]ty beyond ! limits ( t held by ! own] ( ! dam1 cons5t mu/ be obta9$ f ! hold]s ( prop]ty ?us affect$4 ,!re are num]\s creeks & brooks :i* are f$ by spr+s1 or h _! s\rce 9 spr+ lakes1 :i* make excell5t ice fields1 ) v little labor or exp5se4 ,advantage may be tak5 ( l[ l&s 9 ! vic9ity ( su* /reams4 ,gravel =ms ! be/ b$ = ice ponds1 z x is free f we$s4 ,9 "s ( our lakes1 occurr+ 9 di/ricts ab\nd+ 9 gravel1 ! wat] is pure & sweet & ! gravelly b$ c be se5 at great dep?s4 ,spr+s are usually num]\s 9 su* localities4 ,! foll[+ me?ods ( prep>+ dams c be employ$ 9 "s situations4 ,! dep? ( ! pond & ! =ce ( ! curr5t ( ! /ream are to be tak5 into acc\nt 9 fix+ ^u ! proportions & con/ruction ( dams4 ,also ! quantity ( wat] usually runn+ into ! pond & ! l>ge/ am\nt likely to be receiv$ dur+ a season ( flood4 ,if ! soil is a light loam1 or a seam ( gravel is ne> ! surface1 dig a tr5* d[n to a h>d bottom1 & on ! pond side drive 9 a r[ ( /\t bo>ds1 break+ jo9ts & slop+ !m t[>d ! dam4 ,beh9d ?is pal+ fill 9 ) clay ramm$ d[n4 ,a crib =m$ ( logs not*$ & bolt$ toge!r1 & l9$ or fac$ ) plank on pond side1 %\ld be set at ! re> ( ! sub-pal+4 ,?is crib is fill$ ) /ones & clay or s&4 ,! front is bank$ up ) e>? & cov]$ ) rip-rap4 ,! c5t] ( ! dam is provid$ ) a sluiceway l>ge en\gh to c>ry (f flood wat]s1 &1 at ! bottom1 a pipe or a box well b$d$ 9 cem5t gives a curr5t on ! bottom :i* c>ries (f s$im5t4 ,x is also useful 9 tak+ (f air & gases1 :i*1 aris+ f ! bottom1 =m air bubbles 9 ! ice4 ,"s wat] %\ld always pass ov] ! upp] sluiceway4 ,dams may be =m$ entirely ( an embankm5t ( e>? & /one4 ,_! base %\ld n be less ?an _! height1 ) increas$ ?ickness :]e pressure f a curr5t has to be resi/$4 ,%all[ dams may be =m$ by driv+ two r[s ( plank across ! l9e ( ! dam1 & fill+ 9 ! inclos$ space ) ramm$ clay4 ,break jo9ts 9 ! plank+1 & bolt /r+]s along ! top edges to b9d !m firmly toge!r4 ,,9 ,,*ang+ ,,! ,,c\rse ,,( ,,/reams1 cut ! new *annel deep] ?an ! old "o1 to insure ! curr5t foll[+ x4 ,/raight5+ or *ang+ ! c\rse ( a /ream w (t5 improve ! topography ( a f>m & dra9 wet or m>% l&4 ,food fi%1 :i* c readily be rais$ 9 ^! ponds1 =ms a welcome addition to ! family l>d]4 ,,! ,,purity ,,( ,,brooks :i* fe$ ice & fi% ponds %\ld be pres]v$4 ,no fil? %\ld be dump$ into !m or on _! banks4 ,/ables & cesspools %\ld n be situat$ :]e !y w dra9 into !m4 ,vegetable refuse & litt]1 :i* may be br\ght d[n ) ! curr5t1 %\ld be caught by scre5s & remov$ f "t to "t1 or !y w accumulate 9 ! pond & injure x4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,cutt+ ,,& ,,/or+ ,,ice4 ,! ,sci5ce ( ,ice ,=mation--,prep>+ ! ,ice ,field = ! ,h>ve/--,gett+ ,rid ( ,sn[--,sudd5 ,?aws & ,h[ to ,rem$y ,_! ,damage--,tools & ,implem5ts ,us$--,?ickness ( ,ice--,c>e ( ,ice ,tools--,fill+ ! ,ice ,h\se--,clos+ x up & ,c>+ = ,x--,%ipp+ ,ice f ! ,field4 ,) ! adv5t ( a %>p freeze1 att5tion is direct$ to ! ice field1 f :i* a h>ve/ is hop$ = at no di/ant day4 ,! purification ( ! wat] has be5 giv5 att5tion be=e ?is "t1 toge!r ) all prelim9>ies relat+ to ! plant 9 its v>i\s & complex features4 ,! wea!r n[ det]m9es ! lot ( ! ice deal]4 ,z ! cold breezes :i/le ov] ! wat]1 /irr+ x into ripples1 & break+ its surface into waves1 a wond]ful *ange is rapidly trans=m+ its liquid pe>ls into fl9ty diamonds4 ,gradually ! heat 9 ! wat] is radiat$ into ! air4 ,z fa/ z ! surface wat] is cool$1 x is cond5s$1 & s9ks to ! bottom1 its place be+ tak5 by ! w>m] & light] wat] f b5ea?4 ,gradually ! entire mass rea*es ! po9t ( maximum d5sity1 at #ci ,f4 ,bel[ ?is temp]ature1 until x rea*es #ca ,f41 wat] exp&s z x is cool$4 ,n[ ! surface wat] no long] s9ks z x gr[s cold]1 be+ r5d]$ light] by expansion ?an ! wat] b5ea?4 ,^u rea*+ #cb1 convection1 or freez+1 takes place1 & ! surface assumes ! solid =m4 ,,c>e ,,( ,,! ,,ice ,,field4--,f ?is "t until ! crop is /or$ 9 ! ice h\se1 ! ice deal] devotes 8 en]gies to ! c>e ( ! ice field4 ,special situations develop special duties & requirem5ts1 :i* ! al]t deal] /udies ) c>e4 ,if ! ice is on a runn+ /ream1 ! possible pollution ( its high] levels w be c>efully gu>d$ aga9/1 & also all rubbi% remov$ f ! surface ( ! field4 ,/icks & /ones b$d$ 9 ! ice h9d] ! "w & damage ! ke5 edges ( ! cutt+ tools4 ,motion 9 ! wat] is necess>y to promote ! gr[? ( ! ice1 &1 :5 ! ice is suffici5tly heavy1 travel+ ov] ! surface1 or o!r j>r+1 is b5eficial4 ,x has be5 f\nd t :]e a roadway has be5 op5$ across an ice field1 & ! travel ov] x consid]able1 ! ice 0 ?ick] along ! roadway ?an at o!r places on ! field4 ,on inclos$ lakes or mill ponds1 a g5tle curr5t induc$ 9 ! wat] promotes ! gr[? ( ! ice mat]ially4 ,! air is expell$ f ! wat] dur+ freez+1 if opportunity is f\nd = x to d s4 ,unless ?is is done1 ! ice is cl\dy4 ,agitation ( ! wat] assi/s ! escape ( ! air2 h5ce x is t ice f runn+ /reams is usually cle>] & m brilliant ?an pond or lake ice4 ,an outlet af=d$ to ! l&-lock$ ponds & lakes is (t5 b5eficial dur+ ice-mak+ wea!r4 ,too rapid a curr5t1 h[ev]1 w ret>d gr[?1 & a g5tle motion diffus$ ov] ! entire field produces ! be/ results4 ,! gr[? %\ld be c>efully not$ "u diff]5t conditions1 att5tion be+ giv5 to ! atmosph]ic influ5ces & o!r g5]al effects1 & ! regulation ( ! motion1 bas$ on asc]ta9$ results at ! locality :]e appli$4 ,z ! ice ?ick5s1 its gr[? is sl[] at ! same1 or ev5 a l[]1 temp]ature ?an t :i* at fir/ made ice v rapidly4 ,! e>? at ! bottom & sides ( ! ice field radiate heat into ! wat]4 ,! heat rays ( ! sun pass ?r\gh ! ice1 if x is cle>1 into ! wat] bel[1 ) v little effect ^u ! ice itself4 ,! ice1 be+ a poor conductor ( heat1 is1 "u ^! conditions1 an ob/acle to its own gr[?4 ,x %uts 9 ! wat] f contact ) ! cool] air1 prev5ts agitation ( its surface by pass+ breezes1 & ret>ds ! escape ( air & heat4 ,on runn+ /reams1 ^! conditions are mu* modifi$4 ,9 pass+ ov] %all[s or rapids1 :]e ! curr5t is swift1 ! wat] rema9s op5 & expos$ to ! air4 ,at ^! po9ts 9 its c\rse x p>ts ) its accumulat$ air & heat v rapidly1 a ?9 vapor or mi/ be+ (t5 p]ceptible 9 ! air at su* places1 ow+ to ! rapid radiation4 ,! tumbl+ & turn+ ( ! wat] at rapid %oals mat]ially assi/s ! gr[? ( ice at po9ts bel[ :]e ! curr5t gr[s g5tle4 ,/reams ( ?is "*1 ^: b$s are free f accumulations ( vegetable mold1 or o!r s\rces :i* g5]ate gases1 produce cle> & sp>kl+ ice ( great] ?ickness ?an is f\nd on /ill ponds or lakes 9 ! same vic9ity1 & expos$ to ! same temp]ature4 ,,! ,,usefulness ,,( ,,sn[4--,sn[1 z x is well kn[n1 is a great imp$im5t to ! inroads ( fro/ into any?+ envelop$ by x4 ,a cov]+ ( sn[ on an ice field is a great imp$im5t to ! escape ( heat f ! wat]1 z well z protect+ ! ice f ! direct action ( ! cold air1 & greatly ret>ds ! gr[? ( ! ice4 ,x is ess5tial to remove ?is sn[ z e>ly z practicable1 z ! ice h>ve/] has always 9 view a possible ?aw or ra91 & endeavors to secure 8 crop at ! e>lie/ practicable mom5t4 ,sn[1 h[ev]1 9 ! ev5t ( s(t or w>m wea!r1 is an aid to ! ice by protect+ x f ! direct heat ( ! sun1 & ! =ce ( a ra9 is l>gely exp5d$ 9 melt+ ! sn[4 ,! wat] & sn[ on ! top ( ! ice freezes into sn[ ice z soon z ! wea!r turns cold aga94 ,?is sn[ ice is :ite1 be+ v por\s & fill$ ) air1 & detracts f ! quality ( ! crop1 its ?ickness dep5d+ on ! dep? ( sn[ on ! field1 am\nt ( wat]1 & ! temp]ature4 ,at ! top ( ?is sn[ ice1 :]e x m]ges into ! sn[1 w be f\nd a /iff1 cru/y lay]1 m or less firmly unit$ to ! ice bel[1 :i* adds to ! difficulty ( remov+ ! sn[ on top4 ,an in* or two ( sn[ ice w less5 ! loss by breakage ( cakes1 9 /[+1 & ! ice also comes out ( ! h\se 9 bett] %ape1 & w /& %ipp+ bett]4 ,x is n s brittle z cle> ice1 & is homog5e\s 9 its /ructure1 n be+ readily split 9 any direction4 ,,removal ,,( ,,sn[4--,v>i\s me?ods & appliances are 9 use = ! exp$iti\s & economical removal ( sn[4 ,z soon z ! field w be> ! weight ( a horse1 scrap]s ( v>i\s designs are plac$ at "w4 ,if ! ice is too ?9 to support a horse safely1 flood+ is resort$ to4 ,at int]vals ( six feet1 m or less1 accord+ to ! fre$om ) :i* ! wat] rises ?r\gh ! op5+s1 holes are cut ?r\gh ! ice1 & ! wat] saturates ! l[] "p ( ! sn[4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a4 ,,cle>+ ,,(f ,,scrap]4 ,?is helps to ?ick5 ! ice rapidly1 &1 if ! wea!r is cold1 x w v soon be heavy en\gh to support a horse4 ,z soon z ?is is ! case1 ! scrap]s are plac$ at "w4 ,! sn[ ice ?us =m$ is aft]w>d gott5 rid ( by plan+1 if m ?an an in* or two 9 ?ickness4 ,if ! sn[ is light1 & n too deep1 x is scrap$ into w9dr[s1 by scrap]s simil> to ^? 9 ,figs4 #b1 #c & #d4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #b4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #c4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #d4 ,,sn[ ,,scoop ,,scrap]s4 ,^! w9dr[s are di/ribut$ ov] ! field1 n be+ made l>ge en\gh to s9k ! ice at any po9t4 ,scoop scrap]s are n[ employ$1 :i* ga!r up ! w9dr[s & c>ry ! sn[ (f to ! %ore1 or to a di/ance f :]e ! ice is to be cut4 ,if ! field is v l>ge1 & ! sn[ deep1 dump+ po9ts are select$ on ! field4 ,! weight ( ! sn[ w s9k ! ice at ^! po9ts1 & cracks w soon loos5 ! dump f ! ma9 body ( ice4 ,a deep groove pl[$ alongside ( ! dump w assi/ 9 loos5+ ! dump1 & keeps ! wat] (f ! field4 ,"s ( ^! scoop scrap]s are con/ruct$ ) great c>e1 & nicely adapt$ to ! ne$s ( ! ice h>ve/]4 ,a ,,sudd5 ,,?aw dur+ ! w9t]1 :ile ! ice crop is =m+1 is an annoyance to ! ice deal]1 &1 if accompani$ by ra91 ! field w (t5 suff] by be+ flood$ ) wat] f ! surr\nd+ hills4 ,s& & e>? may be wa%$ on to ! ice1 mak+ x dirty & injur+ its quality4 ,wat] /&+ on top ( ! field w soon comb & rot ! ice4 ,if only an in* or two ( wat] is on ! field & ! wea!r turns cold1 x c be left to freeze & !n be plan$ (f4 ,if x is deep x c be readily h&l$1 by cutt+ holes ?r\gh ! ice1 or tapp+ ! ice field 9 a numb] ( places2 ! wat]1 be+ heavi] ?an ! ice1 w s9k & raise ! ice1 if x has opportunity ( s do+4 ,tapp+ %\ld h prompt att5tion1 & ! wat] remov$ )\t delay4 ,ev5 if ! wat] freezes on top1 ! ice is n ( good quality & is n "p ( ! ice bel[4 ,x =ms a lay] :i* is atta*$ to ! old ice1 b yet is n solidly a "p ( x1 & gives tr\ble by splitt+ out 9 b>r+ (f4 ,ice expels ! air :ile freez+ pr9cipally t[>d ! bottom1 & z x has no *ance = escape ?r\gh ! ice b5ea?1 ! top lay] w %[ a :ite /reak4 ,= tapp+ ! field ! aug] & ! tapp+ axe are us$4 ,if ! wat] is accumulat+ rapidly & despat* is want$1 ! axe w be f\nd ! m rapid-work+ tool4 ,! aug]1 h[ev]1 makes neat] "w1 & leaves ! field 9 bett] %ape--(t5 an important desid]atum4 ,,! ,,outfit ,,= ,,h>ve/+4--,"t is ( great value 9 h&l+ ice 9 any ( ! v>i\s op]ations gone ?r\gh ) on ! field or 9 ! h\se4 ,delays dur+ h>ve/+ greatly increase ! co/ ( gett+ ice prep>$ = ! m>ket4 ,great c>e & mu* /udy h be5 devot$ to p]fect+ ! p>aph]nalia by :i* ! ice crop is h&l$1 z w appe> z ! read] foll[s ! r\nd ( duties ( ! ice h>ve/]4 ,9 "s em]g5cies ! crop is only sav$ f p>tial or complete loss by ! despat* :i* mod]n developm5t ( tools & ma*9]y has plac$ at ! comm& ( ! ent]pris+ ice deal]4 ,! adv5t ( w>m wea!r dur+ ! h>ve/ dem&s ! utmo/ cel]ity 9 all dep>tm5ts1 if ! crop is secur$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #e4 ,,ice ,,aug]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #f4 ,,measure4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #g4 ,,tapp+ ,,axe4 ,m cr$it ?an is g5]ally suppos$ to be w>rant$ is due to ! spl5did en]gy & manag]ial ability ( ! ice h>ve/]1 dur+ seasons :5 ! home ice crop is a p>tial or entire failure4 ,no "o1 n practically famili> ) ! bus9ess1 c readily und]/& ! extra /ra9 & burd5 impos$ on ! ice deal] :o succe$s 9 secur+ supplies suffici5t to meet ! requirem5ts ( 8 cu/om]s1 by go+ to ! f> nor? = ?is mo/ b5efic5t & useful product ( nature4 ,ent]prise pays 9 ?is1 z 9 any bus9ess4 ,hav+ remov$ ! sn[ ! field is c>efully inspect$1 & quality & ?ickness ( ! ice asc]ta9$ 9 all p>ts4 ,! field is bor$ ) ! ice aug]1 & ! measure indicates ! ?ickness4 ,! aug] is )drawn & ! appe>ance ( ! ice not$ be=e ! aug] rea*es ! bottom & wat] fills ! hole4 ,if ! sn[ ice is too heavy x mu/ be remov$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #h4 ,,field ,,plan]4 ,two me?ods = do+ ?is are available4 ,x c be cut loose & brok5 into *ips ) ! sn[ ice plan] on ! field1 ! *ips be+ aft]w>ds cle>$ ) scrap]s & scoops2 or x c be left on ! ice & cut away by ! elevator ice plan] z ! ice cakes pass up ! endless *a9 ice elevator incl9e1 on _! way into ! ice h\se4 ,! fir/ me?od is 9 use :]ev] ! endless *a9 ice elevator is n employ$4 ,:5 x is to be remov$ by ! field plan]1 ! ice field is fir/ laid out & pl[$ to ! dep? ( ! sn[ or sap ice to be remov$4 ,! sn[ ice plan] foll[s ! pl[$ grooves1 cutt+ (f ! refuse ice4 ,,?ickness ,,( ,,ice4--,g5]ally speak+1 ! ice is desir$ at an av]age ?ickness ( f\rte5 in*es2 ?is be+ conv5i5t = subsequ5t h&l+4 ,9 practice1 ! ?ickness ( ! ice1 z x is /or$ or %ipp$ f ! wat]1 v>ies ) ! exig5cies ( ! season & ! av]age ?ickness =m$ at ! locality4 ,9 ! latitude ( ,c5tral & ,s\!rn ,ohio six-in* ice is (t5 /or$2 9 ! vic9ity ( ,*icago & ,omaha1 t5 in*2 9 ,ma9e1 sixte5 in*1 & 9 ,m9nesota1 tw5ty in*4 ,ice1 ?irty in*es ?ick1 has be5 cut & /or$ on ,lake ,sup]ior1 9 ,nor!rn ,wiscons91 :]e ice =ms equal 9 purity & brilliancy to any f\nd 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,! ord9>y pr9t+ on ! pages ( a ,*icago newspap] has be5 easily read ?r\gh a block ( ,lake ,sup]ior ice tw5ty-n9e in*es ?ick4 ,at ,w9nipeg1 ,manitoba1 ice is cut =ty in*es 9 ?ickness4 ,su* ?ick ice keeps ! ye> ?r\gh4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #i4 ,,m>k]1 ,,) ,,sw+ ,,guide4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aj4 ,,field ,,pl[4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aa4 ,,sw+ ,,guide ,,pl[s4 ,,lay+ ,,out ,,! ,,ice ,,field4--,z ! ice field is inspect$ & mapp$ out = pl[+1 all uns\nd places1 air holes1 or %all[ places :]e rocks or s& b>s approa* ne> to ! surface1 are m>k$ = avoidance4 ,a conv5i5t me?od is to bore holes at su* places1 & plant pieces ( bru% 9 !m4 ,?9 ice1 =m$ :]e ! ice has be5 remov$ dur+ cutt+1 is also m>k$ 9 ?is mann]1 to give w>n+ ( ! dang] ( v5tur+ ^u x4 ,l a good g5]al1 ! ice h>ve/] takes note ( ! physical advantages ( 8 position4 ,if he c s lay out ! field t ! curr5t & prevail+ w9ds are 9 8 favor & assi/ to float ! ice t[>d ! h\se1 8 /rategy is n )\t rew>d4 ,room = refuse ice is ne$$ :]e x w n imp$e ! ice float+ t[>d ! h\se4 ,! lay ( ! %ore l9e mu/ n be ov]look$1 on /reams :]e ! curr5t is /rong1 9 calculat+ = support = ! %ore ice4 ,! be/ ice 9 ! field w always be secur$ z a prime consid]ation4 ,quality %\ld always be ( ! fir/ importance1 &1 9 ^! days ( close competition1 pure ice is necess>y = success 9 ! ice bus9ess4 ,ice1 = any purpose1 %\ld nev] be cut f impure or contam9at$ wat]4 ,too mu* c>e c n be giv5 to secur+ clean1 pure1 heal?ful ice = all uses1 directly or remotely alli$ to pres]v+ or cur+ food products4 ,natural ice f pure cry/al wat] is "o ( nature's pure/ productions4 ,hav+ gone ov] ! field & det]m9$ ! plan ( op]ation1 ! fir/ task is to lay out ! base l9es f :i* ! m>k+ & pl[+ are gaug$4 ,/akes are plant$ at ei!r end ( ! l9e1 & a heavy cord drawn taut betwe5 !m4 ,! h& pl[ is n[ pass$ alongside ! l9e1 mak+ a score 9 ! ice f end to end4 ,sometimes a long bo>d ) sights is us$ = lay+ out ! fir/ l9e1 & a l9e m>k] is a *eap sub/itute = ! h& pl[4 ,! tee? ( ! horse m>k] are n[ set 9 ! h& pl[ groove2 ! guide is unlat*$ & runs along on top ( ! ice4 ,c>e is tak5 to keep ! m>k] upright1 by firmly support+ ! h&les4 ,?is cuts a groove ?ree in*es deep4 ,! blade ( ! guide is n[ plac$ 9 ?is groove1 & ! m>k] cuts a new groove p>allel ) ! fir/ "o4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ab4 ,,h& ,,pl[4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ac4 ,,pl[ ,,rope4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ad4 ,,l9e ,,m>k]4 ,?is op]ation is cont9u$ until ! field is groov$ 9 p>allel l9es ov] its surface 9 "o direction4 ,pl[s are n[ />t$ 9 ! m>k] grooves1 & are run back & =? until ! grooves h be5 cut ab\t two-?irds ?r\gh ! ice1 c>e be+ tak5 to leave n less ?an f\r in*es ( solid ice bel[ ! bottom ( ! groove4 ,mean:ile ! m>k] is at "w scor+ ! field 9 l9es at "r angles to ^? fir/ laid out4 ,a l>ge wood5 squ>e ) legs ab\t fifte5 feet long is us$ to squ>e f1 & ! field is m>k$ & pl[$ 9 bo? directions4 ,:5 ! sn[ ice plane is to be us$1 ! field is m>k$ out 9 "o direction only4 ,! dep? cut is regulat$ by a plan] gauge1 atta*$ to ! m>k]1 to ! ?ickness ( ! sn[ ice to be remov$4 ,! runn]s ( ! plane set 9 ! grooves & are guid$ by !m4 ,,*annels ,,& ,,canals4--,! m>k+ & pl[+ be+ well "u way1 ! *annels & canals require att5tion4 ,:]e ! curr5t is g5tle1 & on ponds & lakes1 ! op5+ ( ! *annel & canals is n att5d$ ) mu* difficulty4 ,:]e ! curr5t is swift1 z on ! l>ge riv]s1 practical skill is requir$ 9 op5+ up ! field4 ,! pressure ( ! curr5t makes x difficult to op5 ! *annel & canals1 & ! %ore ice is 9 dang] ( giv+ way4 ,/ays & braces are sometimes employ$ to an*or ! %ore ice1 & to prev5t ! *annels f clos+4 ,9 "s in/ances x has be5 f\nd advisable to h ! *annel p]man5tly fix$ by piles driv5 into ! bottom ( ! riv] on ei!r side4 ,9 o!rs1 braces are set 9 ! ice1 at %ort int]vals1 be=e ! *annel is op5$1 z %[n 9 ! illu/ration4 ,! po/s %\ld be heavy1 & ! cross /ruts may be t5 or twelve in*es squ>e4 ,! po/ holes1 if cut oblong1 w all[ %ort bo>ds to be spik$ to ! sides ( ! po/s at _! l[] ends4 ,:5 ins]t$ ?r\gh ! ice1 a qu>t] turn ( ! po/ w br+ ! project+ e>s "u ! ice1 & no tr\ble w be giv5 by ! po/ rais+ out ( its place4 ,! cross /rut %\ld j all[ ! ice to float b5ea?1 & be well secur$ to ! po/s1 :i* require incl9$ braces1 jo9+ ! po/s opposite ! ends ( ! /ruts1 ) _! feet plant$ 9 recesses cut into ! ice4 ,wat] %\ld be p\r$ ar\nd ! braces1 & :5 ! braces & po/s are froz5 9 place a v /rong support is secur$ aga9/ ! curr5t1 z ! foll[+ cut %[s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ae4 ,,braces ,,= ,,*annel ,,) ,,swift ,,curr5t4 ,:]e ! curr5t is n s /rong1 squ>e frames may be employ$4 ,!y are plac$ 9 ! *annel :]e ! ice cake w float ?r\gh freely2 _! sides %\ld fill mortices 9 ! sides ( ! *annel1 & n project into ! pa? ( ! cakes1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #af4 ,v>i\s me?ods ( deal+ ) cracks 9 ! ice h be5 tri$4 ,a good "o is to take long planks & ext5d !m across ! cracks lay+ flat on ! surface4 ,by bor+ ?r\gh ! planks into ! ice1 & ins]t+ wood5 p9s1 ! loos5$ portion is firmly held1 & ! cracks w freeze up4 ,if ! p9s are incl9$ 9 opposite directions a firm hold is secur$ on ! ice4 ,:5 ! *annel has be5 locat$1 if conv5i5t1 a deep groove is pl[$ at ei!r side1 & ! rema9+ ice is cut away ) ! pond ice saws4 ,splitt+ *isels are n[ br\ght into play1 & ! ice 9 ! *annel is split up into cakes1 :i* are sunk & float$ "u ! ice4 ,canals ?r\gh ! pl[$ field are simil>ly op5$4 ,! field is n[ 9 read9ess to furni% a supply ( ice cakes = /[+ 9 ! h\se4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #af4 ,,brace ,,= ,,sl[ ,,curr5t4 ,a section is select$1 & ! grooves c>efully d\ble calk$ ) *ips1 f ! pl[+1 to prev5t ! wat] runn+ 94 ,= ?is purpose a calk+ b> is us$4 ,ice saws are n[ br\ght into requisition1 & ! grooves at ! ends ( ! section are saw$ ?r\gh to ! back4 ,! groove at ! back is n[ /ruck into at sev]al po9ts ) "o or ano!r ( ! b>r+ (f tools provid$ = ?is "w4 ,a section call$ a float1 & conta9+ "o hundr$ to "o ?\s& or m cakes1 is readily split (f4 ,! tools us$ = ?is "w v>y ) ! ?ickness ( ! ice & ! size ( ! floats4 ,! =k b>s are ! mo/ (t5 us$1 ! two-prong b> be+ ! favorite on heavy ice4 ,if ! fir/ cuts ) ! saws are s made t ! ice cut away is a little wid] on ! bottom ?an on ! top1 & ! sides p>allel1 x w facilitate gett+ out ! fir/ float cut away4 ,by s9k+ ! float a little all p9*+ or b9d+ at ! sides is prev5t$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ag4 ,,be/ ,,ca/ ,,/eel ,,ice ,,saws4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ah4 ,,two-,,prong ,,=k ,,b>4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ai4 ,,?ree-,,prong ,,=k ,,b>4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bj4 ,,f\r-,,prong ,,=k ,,b>4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ba4 ,,calk+ ,,b>4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bb4 ,,break+ ,,b>4 ,! floats are split into r[s ( s+le or d\ble cakes1 z !y are float$ ne> to ! *annel lead+ to ! incl9e4 ,z ! long r[s are mov$ into ! *annel1 a man1 /&+ on a bridge a few in*es above ! ice1 /rikes a ne$le or splitt+ *isel into ! pl[$ grooves z !y are pass$ b5ea? 8 feet4 ,"o or two dext]\s ?ru/s w cleave ! ice to ! bottom4 ,9 fro/y wea!r1 ) ! ice h>d1 x c be split true & squ>e1 9 mo/ in/ances4 ,cakes n smoo?ly split mu/ be trimm$ be=e !y rea* ! incl9e1 & ! bun*es remov$4 ,! "w on ! field is direct$ to secure a supply ( ice cakes at ! foot ( ! incl9e1 9 advance ( ! requirem5ts ( ^? ^: duty is f\nd 9 plac+ ! cakes 9 position )9 ! ice h\se4 ,no m ?an w be run into ! h\se1 & also leave ! *annel full1 ) "s floats ne> at h& at quitt+ "t1 %\ld be deta*$ f ! field4 ,ice floats left too long be=e be+ brok5 up into s+le cakes1 are 9 dang] ( hav+ ! grooves flood$1 & :olly or p>tially froz5 up4 ,9 ?is condition !y are ei!r wor?less or split up ) mu* labor & great irregul>ity4 ,! s+le cakes left 9 ! *annel ov] night s]ve to prev5t x be+ clos$ ) ice 9 ! morn+1 & ! delay incid5t to op5+ x up is avoid$4 ,"s e>ly "w1 h[ev]1 is always ne$$ on ! *annels4 ,! s+le cakes w h a connect+ web ( new ice1 :i* mu/ be brok5 up & trimm$ f ! sides ( ! *annel & ! cakes4 ,! brok5 ice & damag$ cakes :i* are n want$ mu/ be kept cle> ( ! *annel at all times4 ,! l>g] pieces may be sunk "u ! ice1 & ! small] ones be remov$ by ! scoop nets or sieve %ovels4 ,a sn[/orm dur+ ! h>ve/ is att5d$ ) mu* discom=t to ! ice h>ve/]s4 ,! *annels are fill$ ) slu%1 :i* packs ar\nd ! floats & cakes1 mak+ _! progress sl[ & labori\s4 ,x eludes ! scoop net & is v h>d to deal )4 ,! field is soon buri$ out ( sight1 & mu/ be cle>$ & scrap$ ) z little delay z practicable4 ,,h\s+ ,,! ,,ice4--,!re is room = l>ge latitude = v>iations 9 ! me?ods employ$ on ! ice field4 ,! situations are s diff]5t t ! deal] is call$ ^u to ex]cise judgm5t & +5uity1 9 det]m9+ :at is be/ to be done4 ,on swift runn+ /reams ! ice1 aft] fir/ =m+1 may be brok5 by /orms1 & ) a return ( settl$ wea!r1 w freeze 9 r\gh & confus$ masses ( brok5 ice 9 places4 ,at o!r po9ts no float+ ice has f\nd lodgm5t1 & ! second freez+ is regul> & ( good quality4 ,9 ord] to secure ! ice f ^! favor$ spots1 ! h>ve/] may be oblig$ to op5 a *annel sev]al miles 9 l5g?1 & float ! ice d[n to :]e 8 /orage h\ses are locat$4 ,at ! foot ( ! incl9e at :i* ! ice cakes are tak5 f ! wat]1 & along ! *annel directly lead+ to x1 ! ice is subject to mu* we>4 ,! "w necess>ily done on ! cakes z !y are float$ ?r\gh ?is *annel1 requires ! pres5ce ( a numb] ( trimm]s & b> m5 at ?is po9t1 z well z ^? :o are fe$+ ! cakes into ! elevator1 or plac+ !m 9 position = ! grapple4 ,! tools us$ at ! foot ( ! incl9e & ne> by *annel are illu/rat$ on ,pages #jj-jj4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bc4 ,,ice ,,hooks4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bd4 ,,elevator ,,fe$+ ,,=k4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #be4 ,,*a9 ,,scoop ,,net4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bf4 ,,sieve ,,%ovel4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bg4 ,,r+ ,,h&le ,,splitt+ ,,*isel4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bh4 ,,*annel ,,hook ,,*isel4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bi4 ,,ne$le ,,b>4 ,!re is (t5 an accumulation ( refuse ice tak5 f ! *annel & ?r[n on ! ice n f> away4 ,ice cakes sometimes slip f ! grapples on _! way up ! incl9e1 & slide d[n1 /rik+ ) great =ce at ! foot ( ! incl9e4 ,all ^!1 & o!r s\rces ( we>1 on ! ice1 make x important to provide "s protection to ! sides ( ! *annel1 &1 z ! edges soon dip bel[ ! surface ( ! wat]1 a foot+ or walk = ! *annel m54 ,:]e elevat+ by means ( grapples1 x w be f\nd a conv5i5ce1 & (t5 ! means ( avoid+ delays1 to h a wat] box or tr\gh sunk 9 ! *annel1 at a dep? to admit ! cakes pass+ freely on to ! l[] end1 & yet ne> en\gh ! surface to prev5t ! cakes duck+1 or dodg+ "u1 :5 press$ =w>d f ! re>4 ,! jackman1 z ! slack is tak5 out ( ! l9e & ! pull is felt1 be>s a firm grip on ! h&le ( 8 grapple1 &1 at ! same "t1 be>s d[n heavily1 & ducks ! heel ( ! cake1 engag$ by ! grapple1 "u ! wat]4 ,! m5 :o are plac+ ! cakes = ! jacks1 if ! ice is heavy1 be> d[n on ! cake ) _! pike poles at ! same "t1 to prev5t ! la/ cake f be+ end$ ov]4 ,! wat] box is necess>y1 at ^! times1 to /eady ! cake bel[1 & prev5t x s9k+ too deep4 ,sev]al cakes are usually run up at "o trip4 ,a %>p look\t is necess>y on ! "p ( ! jackman1 & "s exp]i5ce is requir$ to become an adept at h&l+ ! grapple4 ,s]i\s accid5ts h result$ f c>eless or ignorant me?ods1 & caution %\ld be obs]v$ by all :o are employ$ ab\t ! field1 incl9e1 or ice h\se4 ,! con/ruction ( ! wat] box v>ies ) ! dep? ( wat] & am\nt ( ice run ov] x4 ,usually x is ( a tempor>y "*1 & r5ew$ ea* ye>4 ,ord] & a ?or\gh sy/em %\ld be c>efully adapt$ to ! "w on ! field & 9 ! h\se1 by e ice h>ve/]4 ,details1 fully work$ out1 & ! plan once 9 =ce1 x %\ld be /rictly obs]v$ by ! proprietor1 & exact compliance insi/$ ^u f all employes4 ,unless discipl9e is ma9ta9$1 especially on l>ge fields1 mu* loss ( "t & money w result1 & life & limb be jeop>diz$4 ,,c>e ,,( ,,ice ,,tools4--,provision = pres]v+ ! cutt+ qualities ( tools is ( great importance4 ,an inf]ior tool1 or "o out ( repair1 w detract f ! effici5cy ( ! labor employ$ to use x4 ,! am\nt dep5ds on ! p>ticul> k9d ( "w "u consid]ation1 & ! comp>ative condition ( ! tool ) :i* x is done4 ,att5tion to ?is matt] is (t5 neglect$1 f a failure to prop]ly e/imate its importance1 or f a mi/ak5 idea ( ! ease ) :i* an incompet5t or ignorant man c spoil ! be/ implem5t :i* c be made4 ,ice saws1 ( ! be/ type1 w1 :5 new1 cut rapidly & true2 "o or two dress+s1 done 9 ! wrong way1 w detract f _! cutt+ effici5cy "o-f\r? or m1 & x w be impossible to cut true ) !m4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cj4 ,,too!d ,,trimm] ,,b>s1 ,,iron ,,h&le4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ca4 ,,too!d ,,trimm] ,,b>s1 ,d ,,h&le4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cb4 ,,jack ,,grapple4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cc4 ,,h&le ,,grapple4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cd4 ,,*annel ,,grapple4 ,"o man %\ld be tra9$ to correctly dress ! saws1 & !n be held responsible = _! "w4 ,:5 ! tee? are worn %ort1 or ! saws are sprung1 s5d !m to ! ice tool manufactur]1 to h ! tee? gumm$ out to _! correct size & %ape1 & ! blades /raight5$ & /iff5$4 ,ice pl[s are frequ5tly r5d]$ useless by improp] dress+ or c>eless h&l+4 ,! range & proportion ( ! tee?1 z !y are :5 new1 mu/ be kept up1 & ! cutt+ po9ts %>p & ke54 ,! heels & bottoms mu/ be dress$ d[n regul>ly ) ! po9ts1--no m1 no less4 ,only a man ( kn[n ability %\ld be all[$1 "u any pretext1 to dress ! ice pl[s4 ,any delay 9 pl[+ may involve ! loss ( "p ( ! crop1 & any det5tion ( ! "w ( ^? deta*+ ! cakes f ! field1 f a lack ( pl[$ surface to "w ^u1 may prove to be ! cause ( an h\r or m "t lo/ or fritt]$ away by n9e-t5?s ( ! entire =ce employ$1 bo? on ! field & 9 ! h\se4 ,n9e-t5?s ( ! entire wages1 = an h\r or m1 is ?us lo/ to ! own]1 & an incompet5t workman is ! app>5t cause4 ,! lack ( managem5t & sy/em is1 m likely1 ! s\rce ( ?is wa/e4 ,pl[s :i* h be5 worn s !y cut h>d1 ne$ gumm+ out1 or re=g+1 or bo?4 ,pl[s & m>k]s are ! *ief cutt+ implem5ts ( ! ice h>ve/]4 ,too mu* c>e _c be tak5 to make a prop] selection1 orig9ally4 ,! be/ pl[s are n[ made ) /eel beams & /eel bolts4 ,!y are sup]ior to ! old /yle iron pl[s4 ,! guides us$ on pl[s & m>k]s %\ld h no lo/ motion1 at any po9t1 :5 ! guide h&le is lat*$ 9 place4 ,! late/ improvem5ts are 9 ! truss$ =m ( guide1 :i* is p]fectly rigid1 & ! d\ble h+e & swivel me?od ( secur+ ! h&le to ! guide1 comb9$ ) ! p9 & mortice lat*4 ,?is con/ruction produces a pl[ & guide :i* has no loos5ess 9 any jo9t1 & is s brac$ t ! pl[ _c dep>t f a v]tical position unless ! guide is rais$ out ( its groove4 ,all ice cutt]s :o h _h _! fields m>k$ 9 curv$1 in/ead ( /raight1 l9es1 ) ! result+ wr5*+ or break+ ( pl[ tee?1 w appreciate & welcome ?is improvem5t4 ,b>s1 tongs1 & hooks %\ld be kept %>p1 &1 :5 out ( repair1 s5t to ! mak]1 to be br\ght back to a condition ( effici5cy4 ,! close ( ! cutt+ season is ! be/ "t to select & %ip to ! ice-tool mak] all implem5ts :i* require ov]haul+4 ,a tool room %\ld be provid$1 ( suffici5t size to /ore all cutt+ tools1 scoops1 scrap]s1 & extras ( all k9ds t are liable to breakage or rapid we>4 ,space %\ld be res]v$ = a fil+ b5*1 hav+ a l>ge nor? light1 & a gr9d/one--driv5 by p[] :5 practicable--= %>p5+ b>s1 hooks1 & tongs4 ,:]e ! ice h\ses are l>ge1 & 9 isolat$ positions1 ! tool h\se1 if well fitt$ up1 is ( great assi/ance1 af=d+ ! means = mak+ repairs ( an urg5t "*4 ,a good set ( millwright tools1 toge!r ) a well-*os5 supply ( season$ timb]1 ( su* sizes z are us$ 9 ! v>i\s runs & connections1 w (t5 repay _! co/ 9 a s+le season4 ,l>ge bo>d+ h\ses are (t5 f\nd includ$ 9 ! ice h>ve/]'s inv5tory4 ,?is is a necessity :]e ! /orage h\ses are situat$ any di/ance f t[ns or cities4 ,sev]al hundr$ m5 are sometimes ?us accommodat$4 ,,fill+ ,,! ,,h\se4--,ice %\ld be h\s$ dur+ freez+ wea!r1 if possible1 z ! cakes w !n ent] ! ice h\se dry & h>d4 ,9 s(t wea!r ! ice is s(t1 & conta9s "s wat]2 ! cakes1 be+ *ill$ 9 ! h\se1 are froz5 toge!r1 caus+ an increase ( labor & breakage 9 gett+ ! ice out = %ipm5t dur+ ! summ]4 ,:5 ! ice is heavy1 ( be/ quality1 & /[$1 dur+ freez+ wea!r1 9 a well-con/ruct$ ice h\se1 x c be kept = two or ?ree seasons1 & !n be tak5 out 9 good condition1 ) b little extra loss by breakage4 ,x %\ld h att5tion at all times1 h[ev]1 & be kept 9 p]fect ord]4 ,! v>i\s me?ods :i* are 9 use = elevat+ ! ice cake f ! wat] into ! ice h\se1 or on to ! plat=m1 w be notic$ 9 detail1 "u a special *apt] devot$ to ?is important bran* ( ! me*anics ( ! natural ice trade4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ce4 ,,wood5 ,,skid4 ,,no4 #a4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cf4 ,,wood5 ,,skid4 ,,no4 #b4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cg4 ,,wagon ,,& ,,load+ ,,tongs4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ch4 ,,pack+ ,,*isel4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ci4 ,,pack+ ,,*isel4 ,! ice cake1 z x ent]s ! ice h\se1 does s on a skid1 or run1 :i* is plac$ at an incl9ation1 ! end ne>e/ ! entrance high] ?an ! end lead+ 9 t[>d ! c5t] ( ! room4 ,at its l[] end ! skid is connect$ ) ano!r hav+ ! same g5]al incl9ation1 & ?us a cont9u\s l9e ( runs is =m$1 ext5d+ f ! entrance to ! f>!r "p ( ! room4 ,! incl9ation ( ^! runs is det]m9$ by ! di/ance ! ice is to travel on !m1 & ! height ( ! gall]ies on ! front ( ! ice h\se4 ,! runs are usually arrang$ ) a rapid desc5t ne> ! entrance1 & ! fur!r end1 on a level ) ! int]m$iate portion1 graduat$ betwe5 ^! extremes4 ,:5 ! incl9ation imp>ts too high a spe$ to ! cakes1 a break is set into ! runs4 ,x usually consi/s ( a bo>d1 9 :i* a numb] ( l>ge nails are driv51 ) _! heads left project+ above ! surface4 ,?is bo>d is set 9 ! l9e ( ! runs1 or atta*$ to "o ( !m1 s ! "u surface ( ! ice scrat*es on ! nail heads4 ,! numb] ( nails & ! dep? ( ! scrat*es is easily v>i$ to suit ! velocity requir$4 ,z ! ice cakes are run into ! ice h\se1 !y are /or$ at ! f>!r end fir/1 & are gradually fill$ 9 t[>d ! front4 ,?r\gh ! back & c5t] ( ! room1 /[+ is mo/ rapidly p]=m$4 ,fill+ ! front end1 & "u ! runs1 require m "t & c>e4 ,! ice cakes are mov$ into place ) ice hooks & tongs4 ,z ! cakes pass along ! runs1 !y are caught ) ! ice hook & guid$ (f ! run1 at ei!r side1 z desir$4 ,! runs are made flat1 ) no project+ sides or rails4 ,two l9es ( ! ,v-%ap$ run iron are plac$ on ! runs1 & ! ice w foll[ !m1 b is readily slipp$ (f :5 want$4 ,! accompany+ cuts %[ ! common patt]ns ( runs1 & ! tools us$ 9 ! h\se dur+ pack+4 ,! hooks1 tongs1 & runs are us$ 9 direct+ ! cakes to _! f9al positions4 ,! b>s1 *isels1 & adze are us$ to trim any inequalities (f f ! cakes1 &1 9 "s cases1 to level (f ea* lay] ( ice z x is /or$4 ,?is is n s (t5 done1 :5 ice is /or$ = %ipm5t f ! h\se1 z 9 cool+ rooms1 :5 x is desir$ to pack z mu* ice z possible4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dj4 ,,hoi/+ ,,tongs4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #da4 ,,drag ,,tongs4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #db4 ,,edg+ ,,tongs4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dc4 ,,ice ,,adze4 ,,pack+ ,,ice ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se4--,! me?od employ$ 9 arrang+ ! ice cakes v>ies 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! c\ntry4 ,! important ?+ to keep 9 m9d is ! am\nt ( good1 m]*antable ice possible to be gott5 out ( ! h\se1 z x is %ipp$ away dur+ ! w>m season4 ,?is does n dep5d ^u h[ mu* c be cr[d$ 91 b ^u ! pack+ & arrang+ ( ! cakes4 ,two ?+s are to be obs]v$ 9 ?is1 prev5tion ( wa/e by melt+1 & ease 9 loos5+ or deta*+ ! cakes1 z !y are tak5 out4 ,! foll[+ me?od may be tak5 z an example1 & v>i$ z good cause is f\nd = s do+4 ,if ! ice is ?91 place ! two fir/ c\rses on edge1 & pack z closely toge!r z practicable4 ,! succe$+ c\rses place 9 flat1 or 9 ! same position !y occupy on ! wat]4 ,arrange ! cakes "o directly above ! o!r1 & leave a space ( two in*es on all f\r sides or edges4 ,9 e five or six c\rses1 jo9ts are brok54 ,! la/ f\r or five c\rses on top are plac$1 ea* "o1 to break jo9ts1 & closely plac$ at edges4 ,! reasons = ?is arrangem5t are1 t ! ice on ! floor ( ! h\se wa/es rapidly1 &1 by plac+ ! cakes on edge1 ! m9imum loss is obta9$1 & ! succe$+ cakes1 plac$ "o above ! o!r1 & free on ! edges1 hav+ only ! top & bottom surfaces 9 contact1 ! m9imum breakage & labor1 9 loos5+ cakes1 is obta9$2 also1 by break+ ! jo9ts e few c\rses1 ! circulation ( air curr5ts1 :i* is v de/ructive to ! ice1 is %ut (f1 &1 f9ally1 ! top c\rses close 9 ! mass ?or\ghly1 & prev5t ! top cov]+ f sift+ d[n into ! body ( ! ice4 ,! *apt]s on loss ( ice by wa/age 9 ! h\se1 & ! con/ruction ( ice h\ses1 w pres5t m fully "s ( ! consid]ations be>+ ^u ! me?ods ( /[+ ! ice4 ,9 "s localities ! ice cakes are all plac$ ^u edge4 ,among ! advantages claim$ = ?is me?od are1 ease 9 loos5+ & tak+ out ! cakes1 & ! clos] pack+ secures m ice1 :]e /orage room is limit$4 ,!re is a risk ( damage to ! ice h\se1 by ! pressure ( ! ice aga9/ ! side walls1 :5 pack$ 9 ?is mann]4 ,! edges1 be+ unev51 t5d to ?r[ ! ice out ( plumb1 or to give ! :ole mass an incl9ation 9 "o direction4 ,9 /[+1 c>e is requir$ to keep ! spaces betwe5 ! cakes free f *ips or brok5 ice4 ,no m trimm+ ?an is necess>y %\ld be done 9 ! h\se1 & ! cr[d+ ( cakes toge!r on ! runs1 & 9 slid+ !m to _! places1 %\ld be avoid$4 ,brok5 cakes %\ld n be all[$ to come into ! h\se1 &1 if cakes are brok5 9 plac+1 !y %\ld be ?r[n out ( ! h\se4 ,exp]i5ce & practice1 9 ! h&l+ ( runs & manag+ ! progress ( ! /[+ ( ! ice cakes1 atte/ ! value ( sy/em 9 ?is dep>tm5t4 ,to d ! necess>y "w ) z mu* despat* z possible requires close att5tion to details1 & wat*fulness1 t ! labor & ef=ts ( ! m5 are prop]ly direct$ & di/ribut$4 ,! runs outside ! h\se are p]man5t1 & arrang$ 9 gall]ies1 ab\t five feet ap>t1 ) connect+ runs f ea* gall]y to ! incl9e4 ,! top run is plac$ well up to ! plate4 ,at ea* int]section ( ! incl9e & runs to ! gall]ies1 !re is a gate1 :i* may be remov$ f ! face ( ! incl9e1 ?us af=d+ access f ! incl9e to ! runs4 ,! gate at ! l[] run be+ op51 ! ice cakes all pass on to ! fir/ run1 & ent] ! h\se at ?is height4 ,:5 ! h\se has be5 fill$ ) ice to ! height ( ! fir/ run1 or "o or two c\rses high]1 ! level ( ! h\se is !n too high to h&le ! ice ov] ! l[] run4 ,! incl9e gate is n[ plac$ 9 position1 %utt+ (f ! fir/ run1 & ! ice is rais$ ^u ! incl9e to ! height ( ! second run1 & passes into ! h\se at ?is level4 ,x is n[ necess>y to re>range ! runs )9 ! ice h\se4 ,!y mu/ be unc\pl$ f ! fir/ gall]y1 & rais$ up & secur$ at ! height ( ! second gall]y4 ,! "u block+ & brac+ is remov$1 & ! runs set to "o side4 ,be=e !y are di/urb$1 a numb] ( ice cakes are run 91 & left ne> ! entrance1 to be /[$ 9 ! space ! runs & /ag+ occupi$1 directly 9 front ( ! entrance4 ,unless c>e is tak51 ?is fill+ 9 w be done ) irregul>ity1 & m or less brok5 ice w be left among ! good cakes1 caus+ loss by wa/age & breakage1 :5 ! h\se is op5$ up4 ,?is fill+ 9 "u ! runs susp5ds ! ord9>y "w ( /[+1 & is att5d$ ) "s loss ( "t4 ,aft] ! cakes are all 9 place1 ! h\se runs are rais$ up1 block$ & brac$ 9 position1 ! connect+ runs c\pl$ on1 & a new l9e ( runs conducts ! ice f ! second gall]y to ! fur!r "p ( ! room4 ,a sy/em ( w9d+ drums1 plac$ 9 ! ro( timb]s1 ) ropes atta*$ to ! runs1 at ei!r end1 saves "t & labor1 9 adju/+ ! h\se runs to ! levels ( ! diff]5t gall]ies2 also1 9 %ift+ !m1 z !y are rais$ to ! level ( ! c\rses1 z ! cakes are plac$4 ,,clos+ ,,& ,,c>+ ,,= ,,! ,,h\se4--,:5 ! room has be5 fill$ to ! level ( ! wall plate1 ! ice is cov]$ ) dry plan+-mill %av+s or sawdu/1 t5 or twelve in*es deep4 ,! entrance op5+ is clos$1 & fill$ 9 ) sawdu/1 or o!r pack+4 ,! h>ve/ be+ secur$1 ! ice h\se c>efully clos$1 & all *ance = circulation prev5t$ by a top dress+1 x requires regul> att5dance once a day1 to trim ! top cov]+1 if any "p ( x %\ld s9k into ! crevices betwe5 ! ice cakes4 ,z ! w>m] days & spr+ ra9s set 91 ! prop] v5tilation ( ! ice h\se is important4 ,all /eam or vapor aris+ f ! ice %\ld be gott5 rid ( z soon z possible4 ,! v>i\s plans :i* are 9 use to atta9 ?is end1 w be f\nd 9 ! *apt] on wa/age & c>e ( ice 9 ! h\se4 ,z soon z ! tools = h>ve/+ are no long] requir$ = use1 !y %\ld be promptly ga!r$ toge!r1 & inspect$4 ,all t h be5 brok51 or damag$1 %\ld be bundl$ up & consign$ to ! manufactur]1 to be put 9 ?or\gh cutt+ ord]1 & return$ to ! ice h\se1 9 ! e>ly fall4 ,all o!r tools %\ld be c>efully clean$1 & all bright or poli%$ /eel coat$ ) oil1 to pres]ve f ru/1 cases /rapp$ to pl[s & saws1 & all neatly pack$ away 9 tool h\se1 :i* %\ld be dry4 ,sn[ scoops & scrap]s are bett] = an occasional coat ( pa9t1 &1 if /or$ 9 a dry1 cool place1 %elt]$ f ! wea!r1 w la/ mu* long]4 ,x is a good plan to h all ! tools inv5tori$ directly aft] ! cutt+ season1 & !y %\ld be m>k$ ) ! own]'s "n or initials4 ,! elevator ma*9]y %\ld also be inspect$1 & any defects not$1 = e>ly repair1 ! apron rais$ f ! wat]1 & ! wat] %aft & fitt+s clean$1 & ?or\ghly oil$4 ,! ice *a91 if giv5 a coat ( slu%+ oil1 w take no h>m4 ,all ma*9]y :i* is expos$ to ! wea!r %\ld be ?or\ghly coat$ ) slu%+ oil4 ,! eng9e %\ld h att5tion1 & all work+ p>ts be pres]v$ f ru/4 ,all ! brass trimm+s on eng9es or boil] %\ld be tak5 d[n1 box$1 & /or$ 9 a secure place4 ,,%ipp+ ,,ice ,,f ,,! ,,field4--,:ile ! ice h\se is be+ fill$1 w9t] %ipm5ts ( ice may be made to po9ts :]e supply /ations are ma9ta9$ di/ant f any cutt+ privilege4 ,l>ge %ipm5ts are (t5 made to po9ts s\? ( ! fro/ l9e1 or :]e ! crop is defici5t4 ,to accommodate ?is traffic1 load+ plat=ms are built ) connect+ runs f ! l[] incl9e run4 ,a swit* is arrang$ by :i* ! ice cakes c be direct$1 ei!r on to ! load+ plat=m or into ! ice h\se4 ,long tra9s ( c>s c be fill$ daily4 ,at a s+le plat=m1 t5 to fifte5 c>s are load$ at "o "t1 :ile a d\ble plat=m w accommodate d\ble ! numb]4 ,if ! side tracks are plac$ at bo? sides ( ! plat=m1 no "t w be lo/ :ile c>s are be+ swit*$1 a tra9 load$ on "o track be+ swit*$ out1 & ! track fill$ ) empty c>s1 :ile load+ proce$s 9 ! c>s on ! o!r track4 ,diagrams ( ^! plat=ms are %[n at ,fig4 #eb4 ,endless *a9s1 ) b>s at %ort spaces1 pass along ! top ( ! plat=m1 & c>ry a cake1 at a regul> spe$1 be=e ea* b>4 7,see ,fig4 #ea47 ,a %ort doorway slide is plac$ betwe5 ! c> & plat=m1 & a man1 /ation$ at ! c> door ) an ice hook1 slides ! cakes into ! c> z fa/ z ! /[]s c place !m4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,con/ruction ,,( ,,comm]cial ,,ice ,,h\ses4 ,! ,e>lie/ ,=ms ( ,ice ,/orage--,developm5t ( ! ,mod]n ,ice ,h\se--,! ,site & ,its ,requirem5ts--,plac+ ! ,h\se--,survey--,f\ndations--,size ( an ,ice ,h\se--,details ( ,con/ruction = a ,h\se ,embody+ all ,mod]n ,improvem5ts4 ,! e>lie/ ref]5ce to ! use ( sn[ = cool+ purposes occurs 9 ,holy ,writ1 & c>ries u back ab\t ?ree ?\s& ye>s4 ,hi/ory records ! cu/om :i* prevail$ among ! ,romans1 ( /or+ sn[ ^u ! m\nta9s dur+ ! w9t]1 :i* 0 made use ( 9 ! summ] = cool+ bev]ages4 ,vaults1 or pits1 ( circul> =m at ! top1 & tap]+ to a po9t at ! bottom1 7 scoop$ out 9 ! gr\nd4 ,! sides 7 l9$1 & ! top ?ickly ?at*$ ) /raw1 aft] be+ fill$ ) sn[1 :i* 0 tightly pack$4 ,! doorway 0 ?r\gh ! top4 ,a mod]niz$ ,roman sn[ cell> is %[n 9 ,figs4 #dd & #de1 :i* is tak5 f a cell> 9 use 9 ,virg9ia4 ,its successor 9 ! transition to m mod]n designs is se5 9 ,figs4 #df & #dg4 ,be=e ice 0 cut & /or$ = comm]cial uses 9 ?is c\ntry x 0 secur$1 9 _m in/ances1 by ^? :o us$ x 9 _! bus9ess4 ,brew]s1 dairym51 but*]s1 & "s physicians1 _h ice vaults1 or cell>s1 con/ruct$ on ! ,roman me?od4 ,! fir/ comm]cial ice h\ses 7 built bel[ ! surface ( ! gr\nd4 ,gradually !y em]g$ into ! light & air1 be+ only p>tly bel[ ! surface4 ,brick1 /one & wood 7 9 use = build+ mat]ials4 ,gradually1 exp]i5ce lead+ ! way1 ! ice deal] has evolv$ ! mod]n ice h\se4 ,,! ,,mod]n ,,ice ,,h\se repres5ts _m ye>s ( developm5t1 & has a sci5tific1 z well z a practical1 value4 ,improvem5ts may be expect$ 9 ?is z 9 o!r bran*es ( ! ice bus9ess4 ,! discov]ies & inquiries :i* sci5tific & practical m5 are cont9ually mak+ 9 ?is direction are rapidly add+ to our /ore ( k4 ,ice h\ses1 z n[ built & furni%$1 give few sugge/ions ( _! orig9al prototype4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dd4 ,,int]ior ,,view ,,( ,,old ,,/yle ,,ice ,,cell>4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #de4 ,,ro( ,,( ,,same4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #df4 ,,mod]n ,,ice ,,pit4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dg4 ,,its ,,con/ruction4 ,,! ,,site4--,_m features are comb9$ 9 a really good site = a comm]cial or l>ge ice h\se4 ,good ice 9 ample quantity1 a por\s soil1 easy accessibility bo? f ! wat] & l&1 proximity to m>ket2 also *eap & effici5t transportation4 ,obs]vance ( ! fir/ & la/ ( ^! po9ts is imp]ative4 ,:]e natural dra9age is lack+1 ! defici5cy c be suppli$1 & access effect$1 9 mo/ in/ances1 if ! o!r features w>rant ! exp5se4 ,9 select+ a site1 :5 ! lay ( ! l& w p]mit1 place ! l5g? ( ! h\se nor? & s\?1 & arrange ! incl9e & runs ) z few turns z practicable4 ,! ice cakes require assi/ance to keep !m 9 motion on a crook$ runway1 & are con/antly be+ jamm$ & spall$4 ,on a direct run ( prop] pit* ! cakes w travel )\t att5tion 9 freez+ wea!r4 ,on w>m1 sloppy days1 :5 ! ice is s(t1 x w require assi/ance4 ,! plat=ms = w9t] %ipm5ts via rail come 9 = att5tion 9 plac+ ! incl9e1 :i* %\ld be conv5i5tly dispos$ = supply+ !m ) ice cakes z fa/ z !y c be h&l$4 ,sy/em & dispat* are ! wat*words ( ! ice deal] :ile ice cutt+ is on4 ,,survey ,,& ,,f\ndation4--,! location & size ( ! h\se be+ det]m9$1 a survey is made & all l9es /ak$ out4 ,x is important to h ! f\ndations squ>e & ( ! exact size1 s t dim5sion lumb] & ro( trusses w fit z design$4 ,levels1 also1 call = att5tion1 & ! entire site %\ld be br\ght to grade4 ,9 ! con/ruction ( f\ndations practice v>ies4 ,!y are p>tly dep5d5t ^u local conditions & climatic influ5ces4 ,= l>ge h\ses1 :]e ! wa/age is readily dra9$ (f & ! sills are comp>atively dry1 !y are ab\t z durable z ! balance ( ! build+ :5 plac$ directly on ! gr\nd4 ,! life ( an ice h\se v>ies f s _m causes1 t no limit c be giv5 applicable to all cases4 ,:5 ! lumb] is well select$ & ! con/ruction ?or\gh1 fifte5 ye>s ( con/ant s]vice w tell pla9ly on ! build+4 ,if repairs are made z (t5 z requir$1 its t]m ( usefulness is ext5d$4 ,9 w>m climates1 also = small] h\ses1 & = city supply depots1 f\ndations ( /one or brick are employ$ to advantage4 ,!y %\ld be put 9 bel[ fro/1 & ext5d ab\t two feet above ! surface4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dh4 ,,plate ,a4 ,,gr\nd ,,plan4 ,,details ,,( ,,con/ruction4--,9 ! build+ illu/rat$ 9 plates ,a1 ,b1 ! sills are plac$ ^u ! gr\nd4 ,! h\se is divid$ into f\r rooms1 ea* =ty feet wide 9 ! cle>1 two hundr$ & fifty feet deep1 & =ty feet high f sill to plate4 ,! dim5sions ( lumb] requir$ may be3 ,= outside sills1 #h #aj in*es1 ( su* l5g?s z c mo/ readily be obta9$4 ,inside sills1 #f #aj4 ,outside po/s1 #d #aj in*es #dj feet1 set #ab feet ap>t4 ,/udd+1 #c #aj in*es #dj feet1 ) ?ree feet c5t]s4 ,inside po/s1 #d #h in*es #dj feet4 ,/udd+1 #c #h in*es #dj feet4 ,= out] circulat+ air space1 ! /udd+ %\ld be #b #h in*es #dj feet1 ) ?ree feet c5t]s4 ,= inn] dead air spaces1 #b #f in*es #dj feet /udd+ are plac$ upright #ab feet ap>t1 & horizontal cross /uds #b #f in*es #ab feet & ?ree feet ap>t1 are fill$ 9 betwe54 ,?is makes spaces #c #ab feet on ! inside ( all ! out] walls4 ,plates on ! out] walls are #c #aj1 & on inn] walls #c #h in*es4 ,! ma9 /udd+ is l9$ on bo? sides ) moi/ure-pro( %ea?+1 & bo>d$ up ) mat*$ lumb]4 ,! inclos$ space is fill$ ) non-conduct+ sub/ance1 usually sawdu/ or sp5t tan b>k4 ,! fill+ mu/ be dry & pack$ tightly4 ,! inn] #b #f /udd+ is l9$ ) %ea?+1 & !n bo>d$ up ) mat*$ lumb]4 ,! jo9ts ( ?is /udd+ %\ld be made ) c>e & ! lumb] select$1 no crook$ /ock be+ us$4 ,seal+ up ^! jo9ts ) pit* adds to _! effici5cy1 & also to ! durability ( ! lumb]4 ,! out] /udd+ is cov]$ ) wea!r bo>d+ or %ip sid+4 ,twelve in*es at ! bottom are left op5 & h+$ cov]s swung ov] !m1 :i* c be op5$ or clos$ z v5tilation requires4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #di4 ,,plate ,b4 ,,cross ,,section4 ,! int]ior walls h #d #h in* #dj feet po/s1 & #c #h /udd+1 :i* are bo>d$ on ei!r side ) mat*$ lumb] & fill$4 ,! l[] section ( ^! walls1 to a height ( t5 to fifte5 feet1 is (t5 left )\t fill+1 z x is m expos$ to ! ill effects ( moi/ure1 & requires r5ewal be=e ! upp] portion4 ,?is is m conv5i5tly done :]e no fill+ is 9 ! wall4 ,9 ! c5t] ( ea* room1 on ! end at :i* ! ice cakes ent]1 an op5+ is left ext5d+ f ! sills to ! plate4 ,z ! h\se is fill$ ) ice ^! op5+s are clos$ up4 ,bo>ds are provid$1 :5 build+1 :i* w fit into place & make ! walls at ^! op5+s1 z ne> z practicable1 ! same z 9 o!r places4 ,! middle section be+ fill$ & plank$ by ! inn] & out] air spaces4 ,at ! opposite end ( ! rooms a simil> op5+ is provid$4 ,= clos+ x a slightly diff]5t plan is adopt$4 ,! out] section is divid$ into doors five or six feet high1 swung on h+es2 ^! take ! place ( ! wea!r bo>d+4 ,! int]ior wall is !n arrang$ ! same z ! "o at ! opposite end ( ! room4 ,^! doors c be op5$ z ! ice is com+ out1 & rema9 clos$ at o!r times4 ,int]ior p>tition walls are sometimes ( value4 ,x is ?\ght !y add to ! durability ( ! h\se1 & also effect a sav+ 9 wa/age4 ,9 ! majority ( h\ses !y are disp5s$ )4 ,! con/ruction ( ! ro( w be f\nd conv5i5t & sub/antial1 if ! plans %[n 9 ,plate ,b are foll[$4 ,light-color$ ro(+ composition %\ld be us$1 avoid+ t> & gravel1 or t91 z ^! bo? attract & absorb ! heat4 ,gable ro(s1 ) good %+les laid f\r or five in*es to ! wea!r1 are ! be/ ro(s = ice h\ses4 ,!y are cool] & m durable ?an mo/ composition cov]+s4 ,! po/s 9 ,diagram ,b c be ext5d$ & additional brac+ put 94 ,! increas$ area & weight w require a proportional addition to ! /r5g? ( ro( timb]s4 ,9 ! sizes ( timb]s = ice h\se con/ruction1 not$ 9 ?is *apt]1 consid]ation has be5 giv5 to durability1 & :ile light] mat]ial is employ$1 9 "s in/ances1 ! h\ses are soon] rack$ & sprung out ( place4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ej4 ,,plate ,c4 ,,section ,,( ,,elevator ,,incl9e ,,& ,,plat=m ,,conveyors4 ,! v5tilator on top is ab\t tw5ty feet squ>e & two feet high1 ) slats on all sides4 ,x w n be requir$ on high gable ro(s1 an op5+ 9 ea* gable end be+ suffici5t to c>ry (f ! moi/ure & heat$ air4 ,! gable ends %\ld be well brac$ aga9/ ! w9d4 ,at ! c5t] ( ro( trusses a floor is laid ?r\gh ! build+1 divid+ ! space above ! ice4 ,trap doors are cut ?r\gh ?is floor ab\t sev5ty-five feet ap>t1 f\r to six feet 9 size2 ^! doors are = v5tilat+ ! space betwe5 ! ice & ! floor1 & = dump+ ! sawdu/ ?r\gh on top ( ! ice4 ,x also af=ds a conv5i5t place 9 :i* ! sawdu/ c be /or$ & dri$1 :5 ! h\ses are clean$ 9 ! fall4 ,! out] circulat+ air-spaces are cont9u$ to ! level ( ! l(t floor1 dis*>g+ ! air into ! l(t1 :]e x f9ds v5t ?r\gh ! v5tilator4 ,! eaves project ab\t two feet1 & are provid$ ) ample gutt]s1 :i* are furni%$ ) l>ge conductor pipes e fifty feet4 ,on ! side ( ! h\se :]e gall]ies are plac$1 ! ro( is ext5d$ to cov] !m1 or1 if at a gable end1 a special ro( is provid$4 ,lightn+ rods are especially requir$ on ice h\ses4 ,be+ (t5 ! mo/ prom95t object 9 _! locality1 ! electric fluid f9ds its readie/ pa? ?r\gh !m1 & ! escap+ vapor & mu* ( ! mat]ial us$ 9 _! con/ruction add to _! exposure4 ,copp] /rips1 t]m9at+ 9 =k$ po9ts1 rais$ above ! cone ( ! ro(1 fifty or sev5ty-five feet ap>t ea* way1 provide ample protection4 ,a l9e ( po9ts across ! h\se %\ld be connect$1 & ! copp] /rips ext5d$1 )\t any break or int]ruption1 into ! gr\nd4 ,!y %\ld be buri$ sev]al feet bel[ ! surface1 & if !y t]m9ate 9 a dra9 or o!r damp place1 _! effici5cy is increas$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ea4 ,,elevation ,,( ,,plat=m ,,along ,,tracks ,,= ,,load+ ,,c>s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eb4 ,,plate ,d4 ,,section ,,( ,,load+ ,,plat=ms4 ,! floor ( ea* room is grad$ slightly t[>d ! c5t]1 & a tr5* dug ?r\gh ! c5t] f end to end4 ,x %\ld h a grade t[>d ! front ( ! h\se ( ab\t two in*es 9 a rod4 ,at ! re> ( ! h\se x may be n9e in*es squ>e1 gradually increas+ to d\ble ?is size at ! front ( ! h\se4 ,lat]al dra9s1 alt]nat+ on ei!r side1 are desirable4 ,if ! surface dra9age sets t[>d ! h\se1 x %\ld be int]cept$ & conduct$ away4 ,aft] ! tr5*es are made !y are fill$ ) brok5 /one or cobbles ab\t n9e in*es deep at ! />t1 & d\ble ! dep? at ! front ( ! h\se4 ,! side tr5*es may be six or eight in*es wide1 & fill$ ab\t ! same dep?4 ,on top ( ! /ones1 %av+s1 /raw1 re$s1 or o!r por\s fill+1 is plac$1 to ! level ( ! floor4 ,! entire floor is n[ cov]$ ) a lay] ( *>coal1 or ) coal a%es plac$ sev]al in*es deep4 ,on top are laid bo>ds1 n too closely plac$1 ) l5g? t[>d ! ma9 dra94 ,! spaces betwe5 ! bo>ds =m *annels to conduct ! wa/e wat] to ! dra9s4 ,:]e ! dra9s em]ge f ! h\se !y are trapp$1 to prev5t any air curr5ts f ent]+ ?r\gh !m1 & collect$ into "o or m ma9 *annels4 ,plate ,a illu/rates ! dra9age plan1 & a section view is pres5t$ 9 ,plate ,b4 ,9 por\s soils1 :i* c be dep5d$ on to c>ry (f ! wa/age1 dra9s are n s necess>y4 ,= v l>ge h\ses1 h[ev]1 !y %\ld n be entirely neglect$4 ,9 w>m climates & = city supply h\ses1 cem5t floors are ! be/4 ,= load+ c>s = w9t] %ipm5ts1 ! plat=ms illu/rat$ 9 plates ,a1 ,c & ,d are us$ = h&l+ l>ge quantities4 ,! ice cakes are elevat$ on ! incl9e to runways 7see ,r1 9 ,plates ,a1 ,c & ,d71 & slide by gravity until l&+ on ! plat=m4 ,an endless *a9 ) cross-b>s passes ov] ! top ( ?is plat=m1 c>ry+ a cake be=e ea* b>4 ,:]e a railroad sid+ is plac$ on bo? sides ( ! plat=m ! "w is exp$it$1 z no delay is occasion$ by wait+ = c>s1 a load$ tra9 be+ pull$ out & empty c>s run 9 on "o track1 :ile load+ cont9ues on ! o!r4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ec4 ,,plate ,e4 ,,hoi/+ ,,gigs ,,& ,,rev]s+ ,,eng9e4 ,,! ,,incl9$ ,,ways %[n 9 ,plate ,c are rigg$ ) endless *a9s1 :i* c>ry cross-b>s4 ,9 fill+ ! h\se1 ! ice cakes are float$ to ! foot ( ! incl9e1 & f$ on to x1 "o or two cakes at a "t 9 front ( ea* b>1 & ?us is made to travel up ! incl9e4 ,! cakes are pass$ ?r\gh gates on to ! runways at ! v>i\s levels desir$1 & pass ov] ^!1 by gravity1 into ! ice h\se4 ,!re are two me?ods ( arrang+ ! *a9s--call$ ! ov]-%ot & ! "u-%ot4 ,! fir/ nam$ is mo/ly us$1 & is ! "o %[n 9 ,plate ,c4 ,! p[] requir$ v>ies ) ! l5g? ( ! incl9e & ) ! /yle ( ! elevators1 :i* are arrang$ = "o or two cakes on a b>4 ,! small] rigs are op]at$ ) an eight or t5 horse p[] eng9e1 & ! l>g] plants up to "o hundr$ horse p[]1 :]e sev]al elevators & plat=m conveyors are c\pl$ on to "o eng9e4 ,= fill+ small] h\ses !re are sev]al me?ods 9 use1 a *oice dep5d+ on ! surr\nd+s & size ( ! room or h\se4 ,next 9 importance to ! endless *a9 sy/em1 are ! jack grapples by :i* l>ge quantities ( ice are annually /or$4 ,an incl9e is us$ :i* is simil> to ! "o %[n on ,plate ,c1 b ( light] build4 ,^! grapples are op]at$ ) horses1 or ) /eam p[]1 :5 w9d+ drums are employ$4 ,by us+ friction-w9d+ drums1 ! jack grapples readily accompli% ! "w ( a s+le elevator1 & are less exp5sive4 ,?is plan is %[n 9 ,plate ,e4 ,an ord9>y ?re%+ eng9e furni%es ample p[]1 & ?is me?od is rapidly gr[+ 9 favor4 ,:]e ! ice h\se is plac$ at ! edge ( ! wat] & !re is no room 9 :i* to place an incl9e1 ! gigs are v conv5i5t4 ,:5 !y are op]at$ by means ( a w9d+ drum run by a rev]s+ eng9e1 & l>ge en\gh to h&le f\r cakes at a "t1 !y are v effici5t4 ,economy ( p[]1 simplicity & ease ( managem5t1 are all 9 _! favor4 ,small h\ses & cool+ rooms are fill$ ) ! aid ( hoi/+ tongs4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,c>e1 ,,h&l+ ,,& ,,m>ket+ ,,( ,,ice4 ,c>e ( ,ice 9 ! ,h\se--,leak+ & ,wa/e1 ,h[ ,prev5t$--,gett+ out ,ice--,l[]+ ,ma*9es--,ice ,%ipm5ts--,m>ket+ ,ice--,ice ,wagons & ,outfits4 ,aft] a h\se is fill$ ) ice & put 9 ord]1 x is plac$ 9 ! c>e ( an att5dant4 ,! top dress+ requires frequ5t inspection to keep x intact4 ,keep ! circulat+ air-*amb]s 9 ! walls 9 op]ation1 except :5 ! air is humid2 at su* times ! l[] op5+s are clos$4 ,! l(t is v5tilat$ directly into ! cupola on top ( ! ro(1 :i* also c>ries (f ! w>m air curr5ts ris+ ?r\gh walls4 ,,! ,,wa/+ ,,( ,,ice4--,ice 9 ! h\se is attack$ by wat]1 moi/ure1 vapor1 w>m air & evaporation4 ,pressure ( ! mass ^u ! l[] c\rses assi/s 9 _! de/ruction1 & heat f ! e>? is also radiat$ into !m4 ,evaporation goes on1 to "s ext5t1 at all temp]atures2 its imm$iate effect is cool+1 z x c>ries (f heat4 ,wat] rots & wa/es ice m rapidly ?an w>m air4 ,wat] p]meates ! mass & de/roys ! ice1 :ile w>m air affects only ! expos$ surface4 ,vapor is wa/eful :5 x settles d[n on ! ice & is cond5s$4 ,air curr5ts1 if !y are /rong1 cut away ! ice v rapidly1 & w sometimes comb ! ice4 ,keep+ ! room z air-tight z possible t5ds to pres]ve ! ice4 ,:5ev] ! h\se is op5$ ! w>m air ent]s1 & vapor w collect above ! ice4 ,?is %\ld be giv5 an opportunity to escape1 by op5+ ! v5tilator doors 9 ! l(t floor4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ed4 ,,h\se ,,ice ,,saw4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ee4 ,,rais+ ,,*isel ,,b>4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ef4 ,,/rik+-,,"u ,,b>4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eg4 ,,dunnage ,,%ovel4 ,z ! ice is tak5 f ! h\se1 ! cov]+ ( sawdu/ %\ld be kept 9 place ov] ! ice z f> z possible4 ,if ! space ov] ! ice is seal$ up1 ! air1 be+ above ! freez+ po9t1 becomes saturat$ ) moi/ure1 :i* settles ^u ! ice1 s(t5+ & melt+ x4 ,:5 ! outside air is cool] ?an t ov] ! ice or 9 ! l(t1 ! moi/ air is driv5 out1 if ! v5tilators are op54 ,h5ce1 9 cle> wea!r1 ! v5tilators %\ld be op5$ at night4 ,9 foggy or damp wea!r1 v5tilators %\ld be kept clos$4 ,,9 ,,tak+ ,,out ,,ice f ! h\se1 x is a good plan to take out ?ree ti]s across ! h\se at once4 ,! upp] ti] is work$ a little 9 advance ( ! second1 :i* is 9 advance ( ! l[]1 or ?ird1 c\rse4 ,?is gives a slop+ front1 on :i* ice f ! top c be l[]$ )\t break+1 & "w c progress on ! ?ree c\rses at ! same "t4 ,! cov]+ c also be readily h&l$4 ,! tools employ$ are ! h\se ice saw1 rais+-*isel b> & /rik+-"u b>4 ,! saw has a n>r[ po9t1 ) a d\ble r[ ( tee? = cutt+ d[n into ! crevices ar\nd ! cakes1 & a h&le arrang$ to place pressure on ! po9t ( ! saw4 ,! rais+-*isel b> is us$ = cutt+ ar\nd ! sides4 ,! /rik+-"u b> is /ruck "u ! bottom ( ! cake1 to loos5 x f ! cake b5ea?4 ,:]e ice has be5 pack$ 9 d\ble cakes ! h& ice pl[ is sometimes employ$ to op5 ! grooves1 & ! splitt+ *isel = sep>at+ ! cakes4 ,! ice is run out to ! door on ! h\se runs1 or skids4 ,! h\se tools n illu/rat$ else:]e are %[n bel[4 ,,l[]+ ,,! ,,ice4--,!re are sev]al me?ods employ$ = dropp+ ! ice d[n f ! top ( ! ice to ! level ( ! c>s or wagons bel[4 ,gravity is ! =ce usually employ$4 ,ice-gigs1 ) a c\nt]weight to return ! empty gig to ! level ( ! ice1 are1 9 "o =m or ano!r1 mo/ly 9 use4 ,!y c be m\nt$ on a :eel$ plat=m1 & mov$ f door to door1 z desir$4 ,,pack+ ,,= ,,%ipm5t4--,:5 ice is load$ into c>s x is cov]$ ) m>% hay2 any crevices at doors or w9d[s are c>efully pack$ ) hay1 to keep out ! air4 ,%av+s & sawdu/ are also employ$4 ,:5 %ipp$ to a di/ance1 ! floors & sides ( ! c>s are l9$1 & 9 ! ,s\? ea* cake is pack$ 9 sawdu/ & done up 9 burlap4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eh4 ,,l[]+ ,,gig ,,& ,,track4 ,:5 %ipm5ts are made 9 vessels1 runs are set up f ! ice h\se1 to dis*>ge ov] ! vessel's rail4 ,z ! di/ance is (t5 consid]able1 ! elevation ( ! runway is high ne> ! h\se1 & if ! ice is tak5 f ! bottom c\rses x is necess>y1 9 "s cases1 to elevate ! ice on to ! vessel runway4 ,! ice c be l[]$ into ! hold ) tongs4 ,a gig1 to take on two cakes at a "t1 h&les ! ice ) great cel]ity1 a c\nt]weight return+ ! gig to ! deck aft] ! ice is dis*>g$4 ,ice cakes are pack$ closely 9 ! hold1 be+ trimm$ to %ape1 :5 requir$4 ,six or eight in*es ( sawdu/ are plac$ at ! sides ( ! vessel1 &1 p]haps1 t5 in*es ( %ort %av+s on top4 ,hay c be us$1 b sawdu/ is ! be/4 ,hat*es are ?or\ghly caulk$1 & ! hold is n op5$ until ! end ( ! trip4 ,! pumps mu/ be s\nd$ e day4 ,,9 ,,m>ket+ ,,ice1 pa9/ak+ sup]vision ( details is con/antly requir$4 ,res\rces %\ld always be 9 effici5t work+ ord] :5 requir$4 ,a sudd5 hot spell (t5 d\bles ! dem& = ice1 & ! utmo/ ex]tions w h>dly keep pace ) x4 ,ent]prise 9 ext5d+ trade %\ld n be ov]look$1 & ! effici5cy ( ! s]vice r5d]$ is ( special value 9 ?is direction4 ,sy/em & sup]vision %\ld be ext5d$ ?r\gh e dep>tm5t4 ,9 retail+ ice1 z conduct$ 9 ! l>ge cities ( ! ,nor?1 no detail ( managem5t is deem$ trifl+4 ,_m ice deal]s take pride 9 hav+ neat & conv5i5t wagons = _! retail bus9ess4 ,z a h&some wagon & a f9e team are ! means ( attract+ favorable att5tion1 s !re is no?+ :i* causes m unfavorable comm5t ?an ill-kept /ock & untidy wagons4 ,! quality ( ice us$ = dome/ic purposes is n[ closely scrut9iz$1 & cleanl9ess on ! "p ( ^? h&l+ ?is commodity1 is expect$4 ,ice wagons are usually furni%$ ) an ice scale1 an ice axe1 sev]al pairs ( ice tongs1 an ice %ave1 a bucket1 & sometimes a broom4 ,! ice cakes are cut z requir$1 clean$1 weigh$1 & plac$ )9 ! cu/om]'s refrig]ator or ice box4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ei4 ,a ,,popul> ,,ice ,,wagon4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fj4 ,,ano!r ,,ice ,,wagon4 ,! use ( c\pon tickets is a great conv5i5ce4 ,! cu/om] is furni%$ ) a book at ! beg9n+ ( ! season1 & = ea* deliv]y ( ice he receives1 a ticket is giv5 back to ! ice deal]4 ,^! tickets1 hav+ ! "n & quantity indors$ on !m1 avoid errors & disputes4 ,,/r5g? ,,( ,,ice4--,two in*es 9 ?ickness ( ice w usually be> up a man1 f\r in*es 9 ?ickness a horse1 & ice five in*es ?ick is g5]ally safe = a team ( horses & a load$ wagon weigh+ two tons4 ,eight in*es 9 ?ickness w be> up #aej p\nds p] squ>e foot ( surface1 if di/ribut$ ov] an entire field4 ,t5 in*es 9 ?ickness w support #bej p\nds p] squ>e foot ( surface4 ,x is usual to e/imate t ice eighte5 in*es ?ick w support a railway tra94 ,,weight ,,( ,,ice4--,"o cubic foot ( ord9>y ice w1 on ! av]age1 weigh fifty-sev5 & "o-qu>t] p\nds1 :ile a cubic foot ( wat] weighs sixty-two & "o-half p\nds4 ,?irty-six cubic feet ( ice weigh #b1jjj p\nds4 ,b z /or$ 9 ! h\se1 x is reckon$ t =ty-two to fifty cubic feet ( space is requir$ p] ton ( ice1 dep5d+ ^u ! ?ickness ( ! ice & ! c>e ) :i* x has be5 cut & /or$4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,! ,,use ,,( ,,ice ,,9 ,,refrig]ation4 ,cold ,/orage ,ice ,h\ses--,_! ,value = ,h&l+ ,meats1 ,fruits & ,vegetables--,:at ,!y ,w ,d--,pr9ciples ( ,con/ruction & ,op]ation--,h[ to ,build ,!m--,! ,dairy & ,cold ,/orage ,h\ses--,conv5i5ce & ,economy ( ,comb9+ ,!m--,comb9$ ,ice ,h\se & ,dairy--,v ,*eap ,ice ,h\ses--,h[ to ,cut ,ice 9 ,small ,quantities--,co-op]ation among ,f>m]s to ,secure ,advantages ( ,ice ,supplies4 ,,! ,,uses ,,( ,,refrig]ation are num]\s 9 ^! days ( inv5tion & economy4 ,! heal?1 com=t & conv5i5ce ( ! civiliz$ _w are s intimately int]wov5 ) results directly dep5d5t ^u ! comm&1 at w1 ( l[ temp]ature1 t x is n[ ( p>am\nt importance to ev]yone4 ,refrig]ation 9 ! comm]cial _w is l>gely secur$ by me*anical means1 & ?is me?od w receive notice 9 a lat] *apt]4 ,cold /orage1 secur$ by ice1 is 9 use all ov] ?is c\ntry1 = dome/ic & trade purposes 9 pres]v+ food products4 ,! b5efits ( cold /orage c\ld be mu* m widely diffus$1 ?an at pres5t1 ?r\gh\t all ! f>m+ communities1 :]e ice =ms naturally dur+ ! w9t]1 add+ mat]ially to _! pr(its & conv5i5ce1 & an attempt is "h made to %[1 9 a practical way1 h[ x c be secur$4 ,,! ,,con/ruction ( a cold /orage ice h\se1 & ! tools & me?ods employ$ = cutt+ & h\s+ ! ice1 z well z ! b5efits to be secur$1 w be consid]$4 ,only su* facts z h /ood ! te/ ( practical exp]i5ce1 & :i* are )9 ! limits usually atta9$ by ^? :o h good cold /orage 9 use f ye> to ye>1 w be pres5t$4 ,^! results are only atta9able by prop]ly con/ruct$ /orage h\ses1 suffici5t supply ( ice1 correct condition ( articles :5 plac$ 9 cool room1 l5g? ( "t !y are kept !re & cleanl9ess4 ,cold /orage h\ses1 n built on correct pr9ciples1 or improp]ly us$1 w prove ( little acc\nt1 & disappo9tm5t w foll[ _! use4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fa4 ,a ,,simple ,,deliv]y ,,ice ,,wagon4 ,cold /orage may be us$ to advantage 9 prolong+ ! m>ket = _m products4 ,! entire crop1 ( fruit 9 p>ticul>1 ne$ n be %ipp$ at once1 b by prop] pick+ & /or+ %ipp+ c be ext5d$ ov] sev]al mon?s4 ,fre% meat c be enjoy$ at w1 & ! l5g!n+ ( ! season dur+ :i* _m v>ieties ( vegetables & fruits c be kept fre% = ! home table w n only add to ! heal? & enjoym5t ( ! family1 b x is 9 ! l9e ( economy z well4 ,good heal? is ! be/ doctor1 & ! m g5]\s liv+ :i* cold /orage br+s )9 rea* is a precursor ( heal?4 ,9 sickness a supply ( ice & cool$ vi&s is (t5 beyond price4 ,! suff]+ its judici\s use may alleviate1 & ! num]\s in/ances 9 :i* recov]y is impossible )\t x1 comm5d a supply ( s b5efic5t a commodity to all4 ,ice is a necessity to heal? & com=t1 &1 z x c be readily secur$ 9 ne>ly all communities )9 ! fro/ belt1 v few f>m]s %\ld be )\t x4 ,,h[ ,,long ,,cold ,,/orage ,,w ,,pres]ve4--,no rules z to ! l5g? ( "t dur+ :i* v>i\s articles c be kept 9 cold /orage to ! be/ advantage1 c be giv51 :i* w apply inv>iably to all cases4 ,9 /at+ :at is (t5 done 9 ?is way x is int5d$ to %[ :at x has be5 f\nd pr(itable to d1 & :at w be likely to prove ( practical value to ^? :o are />t+ 9 to make use ( cold /orage = !mselves4 ,p\ltry & fre% meats c be kept sweet = two or ?ree weeks4 ,beef is improv$ 9 quality by keep+ ?is l5g? ( "t4 ,butt]1 eggs & l>d may be /or$ = ?ree to eight mon?s4 ,apples1 accord+ to v>iety & condition1 f five to t5 mon?s4 ,pe>s1 pull$ :5 !y w j come away f ! /em1 & c>efully h&l$1 w keep two or ?ree mon?s4 ,x is be/ to %ip !m 9 two or ?ree weeks1 n wait+ = color to mature1 z ?is w be p]fect$ by ! "t !y rea* ! consum]4 ,concord grapes w keep two to f\r mon?s 9 cold /orage1 & ,catawba grapes w keep long]4 ,/rawb]ries1 blackb]ries & *]ries w keep two to f\r weeks4 ,wat]melons1 ?ree to six weeks4 ,muskmelons1 two to ?ree weeks4 ,pea*es1 f\r to six weeks4 ,oranges1 lemons1 figs1 bananas & rais9s1 two to ?ree mon?s4 ,gre5 corn1 two to f\r weeks4 ,squa%1 f\r to eight weeks4 ,cabbage & turnips1 eight to n9e mon?s4 ,potatoes may be kept a long "t2 !y h be5 kept1 on a trial1 sev]al ye>s1 ) no app>5t loss ( quality4 ,cann$ fruits w keep well1 & ice cream c be conv5i5tly /or$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fb4 ,,wagon ,,scale4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fc4 ,,ice ,,%ave4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fd4 ,,wagon ,,axe4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fe4 ,,wagon ,,saw4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ff4 ,,wagon ,,ice ,,tongs4 ,,! ,,temp]ature at :i* ^! results h be5 secur$ v>i$ f #cd to #ch ,f4 ,bananas1 oranges1 lemons1 pea*es1 figs & rais9s d bett] at #dj4 ,pea*es1 pe>s1 b]ries1 plums & all ! m delicately flavor$ fruits keep 9 good =m & appe>ance1 b lose _! delicate flavor if kept too long4 ,fruits :i* are pick$ gre51 or be=e rip5+1 mature or rip5 :ile /or$4 ,! t5d5cy to decay 9 ripe fruits is arre/$ by refrig]ation4 ,^u exposure to heat & air ! usual process goes on m rapidly ?an 9 foods :i* h n be5 refrig]at$4 ,food %\ld ent] into consumption ) little delay :5 tak5 out ( cold /orage4 ,! l5g? ( "t dur+ :i* x is desirable to keep goods 9 cold /orage may be be/ det]m9$ practically ) ref]5ce to ! ends s\ght to be atta9$ 9 any p>ticul> case4 ,,! ,,pr9ciples ,,( ,,cold ,,/orage4--,refrig]ation dep5ds ^u ! circulation ( pure1 dry cold air4 ,x is bas$ ^u natural laws1 :i* are well kn[n & readily obs]v$4 ,air expos$ to heat is exp&$ 9 volume2 x is ?us made light] & w rise1 be+ =c$ upw>d by ! surr\nd+ cool] air4 ,air expos$ to cold is cond5s$ & made heavi]2 x w !n gravitate to l[] levels4 ,! capacity ( air = absorb+ & reta9+ moi/ure v>ies ) its temp]ature4 ,w>m air w su/a9 a consid]able am\nt ( vapor1 :i* w be cond5s$ & precipitat$ if ! air is cool$4 ,z wat] is cool$ & br\ght to ! freez+ po9t x expels a l>ge "p ( ! heat ga!r$ at a high] temp]ature4 ,z ice is melt$ to wat] ?is process is rev]s$1 & heat & air are reabsorb$4 ,! op]ation ( ^! natural laws is tak5 advantage ( 9 refrig]ation4 ,z usually con/ruct$1 cold /orage ice h\ses are built ) two /ories2 ! fir/ floor = /or+ goods1 ! second fill$ ) ice4 ,! floor betwe5 is arrang$ ) op5+s1 ?r\gh :i* ! air1 *ill$ by contact ) ! ice1 desc5ds into ! /ore room4 ,a flue is provid$ to conduct ! w>m air to ! upp] "p ( ! ice *amb]1 :5 x is dri$ & purifi$ by contact ) ! ice z x desc5ds on be+ *ill$4 ,dra9s & traps are requir$ to c>ry (f ! meltage wat]1 & to secure ! wat] cond5s$ f ! w>m air4 ,damp]s 9 ! cold & w>m air flues assi/ 9 controll+ ! circulation1 & v5tilators plac$ 9 ! ro( keep ! l(t free f dampness4 ,! walls1 gr\nd floor & ceil+ are con/ruct$ z ne>ly non-conduct+ ( heat & cold z practicable4 ,no cracks or any *annels are p]missible by :i* air c ent]4 ,dra9s :i* take out ! wat] are securely trapp$1 to keep out ! air4 ,ve/ibules ) p]fectly fitt+ doors are plac$ at all entrances4 ,w9d[s are fitt$ ) ?ree or f\r sa%es & air spaces betwe54 ,dryness 9 ! /orage room is secur$ by a %eet metal floor "u ! ice1 usually galvaniz$ iron1 :i* =ms a l>ge pan or vessel1 9 :i* all meltage wat] is collect$4 ,wat] is v de/ructive to ! ice1 & ! w>m air is kept away f ! top ( ! ice to prev5t ! moi/ure f be+ cond5s$ !re & settl+ on ! ice4 ,:5 ! ice is l[ 9 ! ice *amb]1 vapor may accumulate 9 ! space above ! ice4 ,a v5tilator 9 ! top ( ! room is ( s]vice 9 conduct+ ?is away f ! ice & keep+ x dry4 ,! wat] f ! melt$ ice w absorb air & gases s x is spread out ov] z l>ge a surface z practicable1 & ! air is conduct$ ov] x to be purifi$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fg4 ,,gr\nd ,,floor4 ,!re are sev]al plans by :i* ^! g5]al features are obs]v$1 9 ! con/ruction ( cold /orage h\ses1 "s ( :i* h be5 made ! subject matt] ( pat5ts4 ,! plans %[n 9 ! illu/rations embrace ! ess5tial features ( good cold /orage con/ruction4 ,^! plans d n conflict ) any pat5t$ devices1 & w prove adequate = all practical purposes4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fh4 ,,section ,,( ,,h\se4 ,,fig4 #fi4 ,,section ,,( ,,wall4 ,,pr9ciples ,,( ,,cold ,,/orage ,,con/ruction4 ,,! ,,g5]al ,,arrangem5t ,,( ,,cold ,,/orage ,,h\ses may be1 z %[n 9 ! illu/rations1 ,figures #fg-gj1 = any size4 ,l>ge h\ses require a gird] & po/s "u ! c5t] ( ! ice floor1 & ! air flues are be/ made d\ble2 "o set at ea* side1 ) a dra9 on ea* side ( ! gird] along ! c5t] ( ! room4 ,! con/ruction ( ! walls v>y4 ,walls fill$ ) sawdu/1 *>coal1 tan b>k or o!r non-conduct+ mat]ials1 h be5 9 use = _m ye>s4 ,c>efully conduct$ te/s1 h[ev]1 h conclusively prov$ t a wall ( ?is description is inf]ior to a wall :i* conta9s dead air spaces1 felt or pap] l9+s1 a section pack$ ) m9]al wool & an out] circulat+ air space4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gj4 ,,ext]ior ,,view ,,( ,,cold ,,/orage ,,h\se4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ga4 ,,section ,,view ,,( ,,comb9$ ,,ice ,,h\se ,,& ,,dairy4 ,! wall %[n 9 ,fig4 #fi gives good satisfaction4 ,x comprises air spaces1 ,a1 :i* are op5 to ! out] air at ! sill1 & at ! top op5 into ! l(t "u ! ro(4 ,damp]s ,d1 9 ,fig4 #fh1 are plac$ at ! bottom1 s !y c be clos$ :5 desir$4 ,! next section1 ,b1 ,fig4 #fi1 is ( dry sawdu/1 pack$ 9 place betwe5 walls ( mat*$ bo>ds2 ! out] surface ( ^! walls is l9$ ) prep>$ wat] pro( pap]4 ,! inn] section1 ,e1 conta9s dead air spaces1 :i* are ab\t twelve in*es squ>e4 ,! inn] wall is ( mat*$ lumb] & ! out] "o is ( wea!r bo>ds4 ,?is con/ruction keeps ! sawdu/ dry1 & ! walls are free f dampness4 ,! circulation ( air ?r\gh ! out] air spaces c>ries (f ! heat imp>t$ to ! wea!r bo>ds by ! direct heat ( ! sun4 ,:5 ! air is humid1 or *>g$ ) moi/ure1 ^! air *annels are tightly clos$4 ,! ?ickness ( ! walls may be v>i$ ) ! capacity ( ! build+4 ,additional sections ( fill+ & dead air are requir$ = l>ge h\ses :]e l>ge quantities ( goods are refrig]at$4 ,fig4 #fg %[s ! gr\nd floor4 ,! cold /orage h\se %[n 9 ! illu/ration 7,fig4 #gj7 w hold =ty tons ( ice1 & d all ! "w requir$ = dairy1 fruit & dome/ic s]vice on a l>ge f>m ) "o fill+ ( ice4 ,by regulat+ ! damp]s1 ,d ,d1 ,fig4 #fh1 ! circulation c be adju/$ to meet all conditions4 ,:5 ^! damp]s are clos$ ! ice wa/es v sl[ly4 ,! wa/e wat]1 f meltage1 is useful = cool+ milk1 & ! milk room & cool+ vats c be plac$ alongside ! /orage h\se or made a "p ( ! same build+ to advantage4 ,a ,,cream]y ,,ice ,,h\se4--,a v conv5i5tly arrang$ & completely appo9t$ cream]y is %[n 9 illu/rations ,no4 #gb & #gc4 ,fig4 #gb is a p]spective view1 & ,fig4 #gc ! plan ( a comb9$ cream]y1 ice h\se & wat] t[]4 ,! tank ,b is plac$ 9 ! second /ory ( ! t[]2 ,c is ! ice h\se1 ,d ! cream]y4 ,at ,i ,i are set cream]s1 :i* are suppli$ ) wat] f ! tank by pipes pass+ ?r\gh ! ice h\se to cool ! wat]4 ,at ,g is a *urn1 :i* may be run by p[] locat$ 9 ! annex ,e4 ,at ,h is a butt] mold]1 & ,j is ! v]&a4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gb4 ,,p]spective ,,view ,,( ,,cream]y4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gc4 ,,gr\nd ,,plan ,,( ,,cream]y4 ,by rais+ ! ice *amb]1 a cold /ore room c be secur$ bel[ x4 ,if ! /ructure is plac$ on an elevation1 wat] f ! tank c be pip$ ?r\gh ! dwell+ h\se4 ,,comb9$ ,,dairy1 ,,cold ,,/orage ,,& ,,ice ,,h\se4--,su* an arrangem5t is %[n 9 illu/rations1 ,figs4 #gd & #gf4 ,!re is no communication betwe5 ! dairy & /orage room4 ,= secur+ ice = ! tank1 d\ble doors1 made to fit v tight1 are set 9 back ( ! ice *amb] 9 ! l(t ov] ! dairy4 ,z leav+ ?is door aj> w\ld rapidly wa/e ! ice1 x %\ld be "u ! c>e ( a compet5t p]son & prop]ly secur$4 ,:]e ! ice h\se & dairy are requir$ )\t ! cold /orage room1 ! plan %[n 9 ,fig4 #ga is a good "o4 ,if a location on a sidehill is n conv5i5tly at h&1 ! milk room floor may be excavat$ suffici5tly to secure prop] fall = dra94 ,! floor ( ! ice h\se %\ld be laid ) hydraulic cem5t1 & slope t[>d ! end ne>e/ ! milk room4 ,a *eap] floor is made f sp5t m\ld]s' s& or coal a%es1 mix$ ) en\gh lime to give a h>d f9i% :5 dry4 ,?is makes a h>d1 durable floor4 ,! wat] 9 ! tank mu/ be kept above ! supply pipe f ! ice h\se1 to prev5t any +ress ( w>m air4 ,a trap plac$ 9 ?is pipe is a /ill bett] me?od4 ,at ,l1 ,fig4 #ga1 is a d\ble door1 ?r\gh :i* ice c be tak5 out = ! tank if requir$4 ,! size ( ^! rooms c be tak5 at conv5i5ce4 ,! ice h\se %\ld n be less ?an twelve feet squ>e & twelve feet high4 ,any small] quantity ?an ?is wa/es ! ice mu* m rapidly4 ,a h\se sixte5 feet squ>e & twelve feet high is a safe size = a dairy :i* is s]v$ by =ty c[s or less4 ,! lumb] = walls is bett] if mat*$1 & ! /udd+ l9$ ) pap]4 ,!y are1 h[ev]1 (t5 built f r\gh lumb]1 ) no air spaces4 ,! pack$ section %\ld be t5 in*es 9 su* cases4 ,a ,,freez+ ,,h\se4--,9 "s in/ances x is requir$ to h a freez+ temp]ature 9 ! cold /orage room4 ,p\ltry1 dress$ & froz51 & %ipp$ 9 tight cases1 has giv5 good returns4 ,?is l[ temp]ature is secur$ by means ( galvaniz$ %eet iron tanks1 ,figs4 #ge1 #gg1 #gh1 :i* are pack$ ) brok5 ice & salt4 ,f ! surface ( ^! tanks ! cold is radiat$ directly into ! room2 h5ce1 ! l>g] ! surface ( ! tanks = a giv5 capacity ( ice & salt1 ! bett]1 because ( ! l>ge radiat+ surface4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gd4 ,,cold ,,/orage ,,h\se ,,comb9$ ,,) ,,dairy4 ,! be/ =m = ! tanks is t ( a holl[ p>allelogram4 ,! l[] edge %\ld set ab\t eighte5 in*es above ! floor1 to all[ a circulation ( air ?r\gh ! c5t] ( ! tank4 ,! tank %\ld be a little wid] at ! bottom ?an at ! top4 ,?is prev5ts ! ice & salt f lodg+4 ,a tank six feet high1 sixte5 feet long1 & ?ree feet wide1 plac$ at "o side ( ! /orage room %[n 9 ,fig4 #fh1 & regul>ly suppli$ ) ice & salt1 w r$uce ! temp]ature ( ! room ne>ly to ,o ,f4 ,z long z ! supply ( ice & salt is ma9ta9$1 ?is l[ temp]ature c be held4 ,! tanks are furni%$ ) a trap to c>ry (f ! wat]1 plac$ at ! l[e/ end1 & h& holds are arrang$ ?r\gh :i* ! salt :i* accumulates at ! bottom may be remov$4 ,a drip pan is set b5ea? ! tanks to cat* all dripp+s ( cond5sation2 ^! pans are ( wood1 l9$ ) metal1 & provid$ ) a pipe to c>ry (f ! wat]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ge4 ,,section ,,( ,,refrig]at+ ,,tank4 ,fro/ & ice accumulate on ! surface ( ^! cool+ tanks1 & _! usefulness is !reby impair$4 ,duplicate tanks %\ld be arrang$1 s t !y may be us$ 9 turn1 & ! ice remov$4 ,! ice coat prev5ts ! radiation ( ! cold into ! room1 & its =ce is sp5t 9 add+ to ! ice ^u ! sides ( ! tank1 a useless wa/e4 ,9 "s in/ances ! cold /orage h\ses are divid$ into two or m rooms1 s t v>i\s temp]atures c be ma9ta9$ to meet ! requirem5ts ( a v>i$ /ock4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gf4 ,,section ,,view ,,( ,,cold ,,/orage ,,h\se ,,& ,,dairy4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gg4 ,,gr\nd ,,plan ,,( ,,freez+ ,,tank ,,& ,,b5*4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gh4 ,,end ,,view ,,( ,,freez+ ,,tank4 ,a ,,v ,,*eap ,,ice ,,h\se1 b con/ruct$ on ! same pr9ciples z ^? laid d[n 9 ,*apt] ,,iv = comm]cial ice h\ses1 may take ! =m sugge/$ by ,figs4 #gi1 #hj1 #ha1 or any desir$ modification !re(4 ,a ,,/ill ,,simpl] ,,device4--,:]e ! exp5se ( an ice h\se is n w>rant$ by ! small use to :i* x may be put = cold /orage1 on "s f>ms1 a supply ( ice suffici5t = h\sehold purposes c be plac$ 9 any conv5i5t corn] ( a b>n or o!r build+4 ,a room p>tition$ (f ) r\gh lumb]1 & walls1 z well z floor1 well insulat$ ) non-conduct+ fill+1 w answ]1 & repay its co/ _m times ov] dur+ ! summ]4 ,9 ,fig4 #hb is a view ( an ice room built into a corn] ( a b>n 9 ?is mann]4 ,an above-gr\nd silo1 if built ( wood1 ) d\ble walls & air spaces1 w make a mo/ excell5t ice h\se1 if provid$ ) d\ble doors4 ,! und]gr\nd1 or masonry silo1 %\ld be bo>d$ up1 ) joi/s betwe5 walls1 & bo>ds to =m an air space1 if us$ = ice4 ,a ,,little ,,organiz$ ,,co-,,op]ation 9 any f>m+ community :]e ice-cutt+ privileges exi/1 w secure an abundant supply ( ice = all purposes = ! entire section or neighborhood4 ,x is cu/om>y to d ! ?re%+ 9 turn1 & all p>ticipate 9 ! use ( ! ?re%+ ma*9e & p[]1 :]e only v ext5sive f>m]s f9d x pr(itable to h an outfit = _! own exclusive use4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gi4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #hj4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ha4 ,,sugge/ions ,,= ,,*eap ,,ice ,,h\ses4 ,9 a simil> mann] ! b5efits ( cold /orage c be obta9$4 ,! h\ses c be own$ by individuals1 or by a few families :o may be liv+ ne> en\gh toge!r to conv5i5tly use "o 9 common4 ,! tools & outfit = cutt+ & h&l+ ! ice c be own$ by a few ent]pris+ "y m51 :o c fill a l>ge numb] ( h\ses ye>ly by contract2 or ! appliances c be ! jo9t prop]ty ( all ^? hav+ cold /orage h\ses1 :o may comb9e to secure !m1 & also comb9e _! labor 9 secur+ ! ice crop4 ,?is "w is done :5 ! ord9>y duties ( ! f>m are light1 & o!r int]e/s w\ld n be int]f]$ )4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #hb4 ,,b>n-,,corn] ,,ice ,,h\se4 ,! practical advantages ( ?is plan w readily pres5t !mselves to obs]v+ m9ds4 ,an outfit ( tools necess>y to h>ve/1 9 good %ape1 "o hundr$ tons ( ice1 w j z well h>ve/ t5 or fifte5 times ?is quantity1 & w\ld really secure ! l>g] quantity to bett] advantage ?an ! small] "o4 ,b1 all[+ t ! labor 9 gett+ out "o hundr$ tons ( ice is ! same p] ton t x is = "o ?\s& tons1 ! co/ ( ! tools p] ton ( ice h>ve/$ is only "o t5? z mu* 9 ! latt] case4 ,! tools are durable1 & w la/ _m ye>s4 ,ice pl[s :i* h be5 9 use = fifte5 or tw5ty ye>s are /ill do+ good s]vice4 ,z ! cold /orage h\ses w\ld be situat$ at sev]al places1 a brief outl9e ( ! me?ods 9 use = h&l+ ice "u simil> circum/ances1 w be ( int]e/4 ,! ice is transport$ f ! wat] to ! h\ses by wagons or sl$s4 ,a plat=m is built ne> ! edge ( ! wat]1 9 an easily accessible place1 ( a height a little above ! b$ ( wagon boxes :5 !y are back$ up to ! plat=m4 ,! end ( ?is plat=m is t[>d ! wat]1 & ! teams are back$ 9 on bo? sides4 ,f ! wat] end an incl9$ way or run is built d[n into ! wat]4 ,^u ?is run ! ice cakes are rapidly run up on ! plat=m1 quickly load$ on ! wagons1 & />t$ on _! way to ! /orage h\ses4 ,arriv+ at its de/9ation1 ! load ( ice may be deposit$ on ! gr\nd at ! entrance ( ! h\se1 & ! team return$ = ano!r load4 ,mean:ile two m51 ) ! assi/ance ( a horse1 c /[ ! fir/ load 9 place 9 ! ice *amb]4 ,= su* "w ! tools requir$ on ! ice field comprise3 ,"o ice pl[ ) guide4 ,"o ice saw4 ,"o ice *isel4 ,"o ice float+ hook1 twelve to tw5ty feet long4 ,?ree ice hooks1 %ort l5g?s4 ,"o jack grapple4 ,two pairs ( load+ tongs4 ,at ! ice h\se are requir$3 ,"o pair hoi/+ tongs4 ,"o pair drag tongs4 ,"o pair edg+ tongs4 ,at ?is "t ! ca% value ( ^! tools is ab\t sixty-five doll>s = fir/-class goods1 :i* are always ! *eape/4 ,,co/ ,,( ,,ice ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se4--,reg>d+ ! co/ ( ice :5 /[$ 9 place 9 ! ice *amb]1 x w\ld be difficult to quote an am\nt :i* w\ld cov] all cases4 ,locality & tact h mu* to d ) det]m9+ ?is co/4 ,ice1 twelve to sixte5 in*es ?ick1 cut 9 small quantities & plac$ 9 ! ice *amb]1 w\ld co/1 on an av]age1 = labor1 ab\t fifty c5ts p] ton4 ,:]e cut on a l>ge scale ! co/ = labor 9 cutt+ & /[+ is less ?an half ( ?is am\nt4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #hc4 ,a ,,load+ ,,plat=m4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #hd4 ,,embankm5t ,,plat=m4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #he4 ,,fig4 #hf4 ,,lifts ,,= ,,load+ ,,ice ,,into ,,sl$s4 ,a ,,load+ ,,plat=m is illu/rat$ 9 ,fig4 #hc1 :i* %[s ! me?od ( runn+ ! ice cakes up ) a jack grapple4 ,! size ( ! plat=m is det]m9$ by ! quantity ( ice to be h&l$ ov] x4 ,"o horse & grapple w readily s]ve sev]al teams if a supply ( ice cakes is ma9ta9$ at ! foot ( ! incl9e4 ,:]e _m teams are to be s]v$ & ! ice mu/ be h&l$ rapidly1 two grappl]s1 "o "r & "o left h&1 c be us$ on ! incl9e4 ,by hav+ ! rope cont9u\s & a pull+ po/ at ea* end ( ! horse walk1 ! horse w pull a load ea* way1 & sev]al hundr$ tons ( ice c be l&$ ^u ! plat=m 9 a day's run4 ,:]e ! incl9e is long a team c be us$ to advantage on ! grapple rope4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #hg4 ,a ,,*eap ,,ice ,,scrap]4 ,a sweep su* z %[n 9 ,fig4 #he is a conv5i5ce 9 h&l+ ice cakes directly f ! wat] to sl$s or wagons :]e only a small quantity is want$1 & :]e ! ice plat=m is n requir$4 ,a simil> device1 :i* has ! advantage ( be+ m readily mov$1 is %[n at ,fig4 #hf4 ,:]e an artificial pond is made ) an embankm5t1 a load+ plat=m may be con/ruct$1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #hd4 ,,9 ,,pack+ ,,! ,,ice into ! ice *amb]1 att5tion is requir$ to prev5t any dirt f adh]+ to ! ice & be+ pack$ into ! ice *amb]1 :]e x w accumulate 9 ! dra9s & on ! floors z ! ice melts4 ,at ,s1 9 ,fig4 #fh1 w be f\nd an op5+ ov] ! drip pan2 ?r\gh ^! op5+s1 plac$ at conv5i5ce along ! back ( ! floor1 ! floor c be flu%$ ) wat] & wa%$ clean4 ,"t1 labor & conv5i5ce are all cons]v$ by ! use ( su* necess>y tools z are li/$ on previ\s pages4 ,m c be add$ z ! am\nt ( ice cut is increas$4 ,,! ,,ice ,,field %\ld be kept free f sn[ by scrap+ f "t to "t4 ,= cle>+ ! small surface f :i* a h>ve/ ( =ty tons c be secur$1 a simple scrap]1 *eap] ?an ^? us$ on l>ge fields1 w answ] ! purpose4 ,an oak plank "o & "o-half in*es ?ick1 t5 in*es wide & six feet long1 ) two holes f\r in*es f ! bottom edge1 & f\r feet ap>t1 & a foot bo>d mortis$ ?r\gh ! c5t]1 w d tol]able "w4 ,an iron %oe on ! l[] edge adds mat]ially to its effici5cy4 ,fig4 #hj illu/rates a scrap] ( ?is patt]n4 ,?irty-six cubic feet ( ice weigh a ton4 ,h5ce1 a surface six feet squ>e on an ice field1 :]e ! ice is a foot ?ick1 repres5t a ton ( ice4 ,at ?is rate a surface ?irty-eight feet squ>e w\ld repres5t =ty tons ( ice4 ,ow+ to loss by breakage1 & irregul> cutt+1 x is usual to all[ a consid]able m>g91 great] 9 small ?an 9 l>ge quantities1 & a surface fifty feet squ>e w\ld readily h>ve/ =ty tons ( twelve-in* ice4 ,:]e ! ice is ?9n] a correspond+ly l>g] surface is requir$ to secure ! same weight ( ice4 ,! surface be+ cle>$ ( sn[1 ! ice pl[ is set ^u ! ice alongside a l9e drawn taut 9 ! direction 9 :i* ! pl[+ is to be done4 ,! ice pl[1 drawn by h& & guid$ to run p>allel ) ! l9e1 gives ! base groove4 ,! blade ( ! guide is plac$ 9 ?is groove1 & ! field is n[ groov$ 9 uni=m spaces 9 "o direction4 ,! pl[ makes only "o cut 9 ea* groove1 :ile ! guide is atta*$ to x4 ,by repeat+ ?is me?od grooves are made cross+ ^? fir/ made at "r angles4 ,! guide is n[ remov$ f ! pl[1 & by pl[+ back & =? ! ice is groov$ to ! dep? desir$1 ab\t sev5 or eight in*es = twelve-in* ice & two in*es = six-in* ice4 ,a *annel is n[ op5$ at ! foot ( ! incl9e1 & a few h\rs "w = f\r m51 & a boy driv+ ! horse to run ! grapple1 w l& ! ice cakes on ! plat=m4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,artificial ,,ice ,,& ,,cold ,,air ,,ma*9es4 ,hi/orical ,sket*--,! ,fir/ ,ice ,ma*9e--,its ,subsequ5t ,developm5t--,progress 9 ! ,use ( ,ma*9es--,! ,pr9ciples ,involv$ 9 _! ,con/ruction--,div]sity ( ,application--,rec5t ,discov]ies4 ,! artificial production ( cold has engag$ att5tion f remote ages4 ,! application ( spontane\s evaporation 9 ,ea/]n c\ntries 0 ! e>lie/ me?od employ$ to produce ice4 ,am]ica has ! honor ( be+ ! home ( ! inv5tors :o fir/ a*iev$ success 9 mak+ artificial ice by mod]n me?ods4 ,jacob ,p]k9s1 9 #ahcd1 & ,pr(essor ,tw9n+1 ( ,new ,hav51 ,conn41 9 #ahej1 ea* procur$ ,briti% pat5ts4 ,! =m] did n procure a pat5t 9 ?is c\ntry1 b ,pr(essor ,tw9n+ secur$ "o 9 #ahec4 ,two ye>s lat]1 he _h a ma*9e 9 op]ation at ,clevel&1 ,ohio1 :i* produc$ #a1fjj p\nds ( ice 9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs' run4 ,?is 0 a favorable result f a pione] ma*9e ( an e/imat$ capacity ( #b1jjj p\nds 9 ?is "t4 ,mu* cr$it is due ^! e>ly inv5tors1 :o introduc$ a type ( ma*9e :i* is n[ ext5sively employ$1 & is kn[n z ! compression sy/em4 ,9 #ahea1 ,dr4 ,john ,gorrie1 ( ,new ,orleans1 ,la41 pat5t$ a ma*9e = produc+ ice1 by compress+ & exp&+ atmosph]ic air4 ,?is ma*9e 0 also ! pione] ( its class4 ,x gave rise to :at are kn[n z air ma*9es1 us$ 9 ,engl& & on ! ,cont95t1 & ext5sively employ$ = facilitat+ ! transportation ( fre% beef & mutton on ! ocean4 ,9 #ahdh1 ,f]d9& ,c>r1 ( ,france1 contriv$ an orig9al process = employ+ aqua ammonia4 ,9 #ahfe he pat5t$ an ice ma*9e1 & at ! ,fr5* ,int]national ,exposition1 9 #ahfg1 daily produc$ six tons ( ice4 ,?is has prov$ to be a notable inv5tion1 ! pres5t absorption sy/em be+ bas$ ^u x & ext5sively us$4 ,ef=ts h be5 direct$ to exp$it+ ! spontane\s evaporation ( wat]2 a r$uction ( pressure be+ effect$ by a vacuum pump1 & ! vapors remov$ by a suitable absorb+ m$ium4 ,! utilization ( cold obta9$ by ! evaporation ( o!r liquids1 m volatile ?an wat]1 h receiv$ att5tion4 ,!re h be5 discov]$ a numb] ( freez+ mixtures1 "s ( :i* produce wond]fully l[ temp]atures4 ,! addition ( salt to brok5 ice is ! be/ kn[n ( ^!2 x is commonly employ$ 9 mak+ ice creams & ices1 & is ( great comm]cial importance z appli$ to refrig]ator c>s & cold /orage h\ses4 ,( all ^! me?ods ! compression1 absorption & air ma*9es1 & ! freez+ mixture ( ice & salt1 h ent]$ into comm]cial uses 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,! details ( ! latt] me?od are ref]r$ to 9 ,*apt] ,,vi4 ,reg>d+ ! o!rs1 "s acc\nt ( ! pr9cipal op]ations involv$1 & ( ! natural ph5om5a ^u :i* !y are bas$1 w be giv54 ,,pr9ciples ,,( ,,ice ,,ma*9es4--,x has be5 obs]v$ ( gases1 t by compress+ !m to a fraction ( _! orig9al volume1 heat 0 produc$4 ,if ! compression 0 great1 mo/ gases 7 liquifi$ by x4 ,a few gases 7 f\nd :i* w\ld n liquify1 & 7 designat$ z p]man5t4 ,by reliev+ ! pressure1 gases w resume _! orig9al bulk1 & ! heat ( compression is ga!r$ up or reabsorb$ by !m4 ,!re is1 naturally1 a con/ant t5d5cy t[>d ! pres]vation ( an equilibrium ( temp]ature among ! atoms ( any body1 & also betwe5 diff]5t bodies4 ,?is ex*ange is c>ri$ on ^u a gr& scale1 9 ! economy ( nature4 ,:]e ! diff]5ce 9 degree is small ! ex*ange is effect$ sl[ly1 b :]e x is great ! initial transf]s proce$ rapidly & ) vigor4 ,by means ( effici5t insulation we c cut (f1 9 a great measure1 a room1 or a "p ( a room1 f ! influ5ce ( ! out]1 or g5]al ex*anges ( temp]ature4 ,by ?is means we are able to br+ ?is natural law into s]vice1 by controll+ ! ex*anges ( temp]ature ( ! objects we place 9 su* rooms4 ,by ! union ( heat ) a fluid1 ! latt] is conv]t$ into a vapor1 & ! ab/raction ( heat f a gas conv]ts x into a liquid4 ,:5 a fluid or a gas is at ! temp]ature at :i* a *ange 9 its condition is effect$1 ! cont9u$ application or )drawal ( heat does n increase or dim9i% ?is temp]ature4 ,?is heat is t]m$ lat5t1 or hidd54 ,! temp]ature at :i* ebullition takes place v>ies greatly ) diff]5t liquids4 ,wat] boils at #bab ,f41 :ile ammonia boils at #cb ,f4 ,"s sub/ances act z absorb5ts4 ,wat] w absorb ab\t sev5 hundr$ times its bulk ( ammonia gas :5 !y are br\ght 9 contact4 ,9 manufactur+ l[ temp]atures1 by ! ,compression & ,absorption sy/ems1 a liquifiable gas is us$ z ! vehicle by :i* to imp>t cold to1 & c>ry (f heat f1 ! body to be cool$4 ,anhydr\s-ammonia 7ammonia f :i* all wat] has be5 remov$7 is usually employ$4 ,9 ! ,compression ma*9es1 ?is gas is subject$ to a pressure1 av]ag+ "o hundr$ & fifty p\nds p] squ>e in*1 9 a compression cyl9d] aga9/ a pi/on1 :i* is op]at$ by a /eam eng9e4 ,! heat$ gas is c>ri$ to a set ( cond5s] coils1 :i* are cool$ by a wat] ba?2 "h ! gas is liquifi$ by ! r$uction ( temp]ature & ! pressure4 ,by ?is process x is made to "p ) ! heat ( compression1 & its lat5t heat ( vaporization1 z well4 ,! liquid ammonia is collect$ 9 a /orage tank1 & is !n ready = refrig]ation duty4 ,f ?is po9t ! ,compression & ,absorption sy/ems are practically id5tical4 ,! liquid ammonia is all[$ to escape ?r\gh a valve ) a m9ute op5+1 into :at are t]m$ ! expansion coils4 ,z ! ammonia ent]s x is fre$ f ab\t ?ree-f\r?s ( ! pressure at :i* x has be5 held1 & beg9s to boil & vaporize4 ,z heat is necess>y to accompli% ?is1 ev]y?+ )9 rea* ( its influ5ce is plac$ "u tribute4 ,z ! gas p>t$ ) ab\t five hundr$ & sev5ty heat units p] p\nd at ! cond5s]1 its capacity = heat is n[ v l>ge4 ,! expansion coils may be plac$ 9 a l(t ( a cold /orage room 9 ! same position 9 :i* ice is plac$ = ?is duty4 ,if !y are subm]g$ 9 a br9e solution1 ! br9e is cool$1 & may be circulat$ 9 galvaniz$ iron gutt]s susp5d$ f ! ceil+ ( ! /orage rooms4 ,aft] circulat+ ?r\gh ! expansion coils1 ! gas is drawn out & =c$ aga9 into ! compression cyl9d] by a pump :i* r5d]s ! sy/em a cont9u\s "o4 ,,9 ,,mak+ ,,artificial ,,ice1 ! expansion tubes may be subm]g$ directly 9 ! wat] :i* is to be froz52 ! ice =ms 9 huge cakes on ! tubes1 & is saw$ into small cakes by a circul> saw1 :5 remov$4 ,?is is t]m$ ! plate sy/em4 ,9 ! c plan1 a l>ge tank holds ! expansion tubes1 &1 susp5d$ f its upp] side1 are num]\s iron cans2 a br9e solution completely fills ! tank1 &1 be+ *ill$ by ! tubes1 x gradually freezes ! wat] :i* has be5 plac$ 9 ! cans = ?is purpose4 ,,9 ,,! ,,absorption ,,sy/em1 aqua ammonia is plac$ 9 a retort conta9+ a coil ( /eam pipes4 ,a mix$ vapor ( wat] & ammonia is driv5 (f1 until suffici5t pressure is develop$ 9 ! retort to =ce ! vapor ?r\gh a small pipe into a cond5s+ tank4 ,"h ! gas is cool$ & liquifi$1 & also rectifi$1 or fre$ f wat]1 mak+ x anhydr\s4 ,! liquid passes into a receiv+ tank1 & is !n us$ = refrig]ator "w4 ,?is duty is p]=m$ 9 ! same mann] z describ$ = ! compression ma*9e4 ,f ! expansion coils ! gas is return$ to a tank call$ ! absorb]1 :]e ! wat] left beh9d at ! cond5s] has also be5 s5t2 "h !y are reunit$1 & !n pump$ aga9 into ! retort1 to beg9 ! r\nd anew4 ,,9 ,,! ,,air ,,ma*9es1 ?is gas is compress$ 9 a cyl9d] aga9/ a pi/on1 :i* is driv5 by a /eam eng9e4 ,! compress$ air is cool$ by wat] jets spray$ 9 ! compression cyl9d]1 & also 9 a cool+ tank :i* has a wat] ba? pass$ ov] x at ! same "t4 ,! cond5s$ moi/ure is deposit$ 9 ! cool+ tank & 9 dry+ tubes1 :i* are expos$ to ! sp5t air :i* has done refrig]ation duty1 & is /ill cool en\gh to fur!r l[] ! temp]ature ( ! compress$ air4 ,aft] be+ dri$1 ! air is exp&$1 produc+ an int5se cold4 ,?is air c be circulat$ 9 tubes1 or us$ = cool+ br9e1 z 9 ! me?ods already m5tion$1 or ! air c be exp&$ directly into ! /orage rooms or ice tanks4 ,a ,,l>ge ,,plant ,,= ,,! ,,/orage ,,( ,,fruit is situat$ at ,waldo1 ,fla41 & is controll$ by ! ,am]ican ice & cold /orage company4 ,x is illu/rat$ 9 ,fig4 #hh4 ,a p]fectly dry1 cool atmosph]e is ma9ta9$1 & a temp]ature s uni=m z to dem& only "o degree ( v>iation4 ,! temp]ature at :i* ! rooms h to be kept v>ies f #cc to #de ,f41 dep5d+ on ! "* ( ! fruit :i* is to be /or$4 ,! high] temp]atures are pref]able1 if suffici5tly l[ to pres]ve ! fruit4 ,ret>d+ h\ses = keep+ oranges or ! m delicate fruits1 c usually be m successfully manag$ by ! use ( refrig]at+ ma*9]y1 z x is n always possible to ma9ta9 a suffici5tly ev5 & l[ temp]ature by means ( ice4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #hh4 ,a ,,fruit ,,ret>d+ ,,h\se ,,9 ,,florida1 ,,:i* ,,uses ,,refrig]at+ ,,ma*9]y4 ,,! ,,late/ ,,inv5tions4--,all ^! ice-mak+ & cold air ma*9es are m or less exp5sive & complicat$4 ,x is natural1 !re=e1 t inv5tors %\ld be con/antly seek+ "s plan1 idea or me?od1 = secur+ a l[ temp]ature at less co/ = ! plant involv$4 ,! exp5se ( ! exi/+ sy/ems also prev5ts _! use1 except on a l>ge scale2 h5ce inv5tors are /riv+ to f9d n only a me?od ( produc+ cold at l[ co/1 b "o t c be adapt$ = use 9 h\ses1 (fices1 /ores1 %ops1 c>s1 etc41 on a m or less limit$ scale4 ,sev]al devices = ?is purpose h already be5 pat5t$4 ,"s ( !m promise good results1 ?\gh at ?is writ+ none seem to be ?or\ghly p]fect$4 ,"o ( ^! devices employs a gas jet1 or lamp light1 ! heat f :i*1 act+ on a kettle fill$ ) *emical comp\nd1 produces a l[ temp]ature = a small h\se refrig]ator1 :ile ! same pr9ciple is claim$ to be applicable on a l>g] scale4 ,,! ,,uses ,,( ,,artificial ,,refrig]ation are num]\s4 ,= cool+ & v5tilat+ build+s1 aid+ 9 "s l9es ( manufactures1 & 9 *emical works1 x has prov$ its usefulness4 ,9 all hot climates x is ext5sively employ$ = mak+ ice4 ,9 brew]ies x is appli$ v ext5sively1 & is practically indisp5sable4 ,! h&l+ ( fre% meat1 9 ! mod]n me?od1 is directly dep5d5t ^u artificial refrig]ation1 & 9 no o!r direction are its b5efits m m>k$ or widespread4 ,! cattle on our ,we/]n pla9s h become ! daily food ( ^? liv+ at ! antipodes4 ,9 t5 ye>s1 f #ahhj to #ahia1 ! imports ( fre% beef & mutton into ,great ,brita9 increas$ f #djj to ne>ly #c1cjj1jjj c>casses4 ,dur+ ! same p]iod ! exports ( beef alone f ! ,unit$ ,/ates advanc$ f #ej1ejj tons to #aja1ejj tons4 ,n only are meats c>ri$ 9 refrig]ator vessels f ,am]ica & ! antipodes to ,engl&1 b )9 a ye> ,au/ralian milk has be5 %ipp$ 9 froz5 blocks 9 su* quantities z to be retail$ 9 ! /reets ( ,london = f\r c5ts p] qu>t4 ,butt]1 *eese1 eggs1 fruits & o!r p]i%able products1 are likewise transport$ enorm\s di/ances by rail or wat]1 )\t injury to ! quality1 & at a l[ co/ = freight4 ,x is also wor?y ( m5tion t refrig]ation is n[ employ$ by ! eng9e]1 9 sub/ructure "w 9 soils ab\nd+ 9 quicks&s4 ,a solid wall ( e>? is froz5 & ma9ta9$ 9 su* soils1 )9 :i* excavat+ & con/ruction c proce$ ) ease & safety4 ,t _m o!r uses = refrig]ation w be develop$ goes )\t "q4 ,! /ud5ts & inv5tors :o are engag$ on ! problems involv$ 9 ! production ( artificial cold1 claim t be=e _m ye>s all mod]n h\ses w be suppli$ ) a refrig]at+ outfit 9 ! g>ret to supply cold air to any ( ! rooms 9 summ]1 by gravity1 z hot air is c>ri$ by flues f ! furnace 9 w9t]4 ,! univ]sal application ( a practical device = ?is purpose1 w yield a ri* rew>d = ! successful inv5tor4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,ice ,,9 ,,transportation4 ,refrig]ator ,c>s & ,vessels--,value ( ,ice 9 ,transport+ & ,m>ket+ ,p]i%able ,produce--,ice & ! ,fi%]ies4 ,on all ! important l9es ( railroads a regul> refrig]ator c> s]vice is ma9ta9$1 = transport+ p]i%able goods ( all k9ds4 ,butt]1 p\ltry1 eggs1 *eese1 fruit1 fre% meat1 vegetables1 & o!r articles1 are despat*$ by ?is s]vice4 ,! %ipp+ ( pack+-h\se products is an important bran* ( ?is dep>tm5t ( railroad s]vice1 & a description ( x w %[ ! g5]al features common to all bran*es ( ! bus9ess4 ,,refrig]ator ,,c>s4--,a cursory view ( ! c>s 9 any freight y>d discloses a decid$ diff]5ce 9 ! appe>ance & ?or\ghness ( con/ruction among !m4 ,^? /yl$ refrig]ator c>s f>e v mu* bett] ?an _! companions4 ,a critical exam9ation %[s t ^! c>s are models 9 all details ( con/ruction1 & _! f9i% ca/s ! ord9>y freight c>s f> 9 ! %ade4 ,! ma9 features ( ^! c>s are f\nd1 fir/1 9 _! walls1 includ+ floors & ceil+s1 :i* are v>i\sly made ( comb9ations ( fill$ & air sections1 ) pap] & felt l9+s2 second1 an ice tank plac$1 sometimes at "o1 or bo? ends1 & 9 o!rs 9 ! ro( ( ! c>2 ?ird1 9 ! regulation ( ! air supply1 or v5tilation4 ,"s v elaborate designs h be5 made1 cov]+ ! features necess>y to ! successful work+ ( ^! c>s4 ,mo/ ( !m are pat5t$4 ,! floor1 ceil+ & walls h sev]al sections1 ! out] be+ usually an air space1 or a space fill$ ) ?ick hair felt4 ,foll[+ is a comp>tm5t fill$ ) pulv]iz$ *>coal1 or o!r non-conduct+ fill+4 ,?is comp>tm5t is fac$ ) c>efully mat*$ lumb] l9$ ) pap]4 ,! walls are ab\t six in*es ?ick all toge!r4 ,! doors are ! same ?ickness z ! walls1 ) bevel$ edges1 :i* w$ge into ! frame z ! door is clos$4 ,a fa/5+ is us$ t is s made t a /rong pressure is br\ght aga9/ ! door1 =c+ x into its seat1 & an extra precaution tak5 by ins]t+ a /rip ( cotton flannel betwe5 ! door & frame1 :i* ?or\ghly excludes air & du/4 ,9 ! be/ con/ruct$ c>s !re is no *ance = direct contact ( ! cool$ air ) ! ice4 ,?is ( special is importance 9 c>s 9 :i* fre% meat1 butt]1 & o!r articles1 are c>ri$1 :i* are absorb5ts4 ,:]e ! ice tank is locat$ 9 ! ro( ( ! c>1 ! circulation ( air is secur$ by gravity1 & is *ang$ by admission ( air ?r\gh an op5+ s arrang$ t a draft is creat$ by ! motion ( ! c>4 ,v f9e brass wire clo? is d\bl$ ov] ^! op5+s1 to exclude ! du/2 z ! air ent]s1 x is dis*>g$ aga9/ a wat] surface1 :i* cat*es ! f9e du/ c>ri$ ?r\gh ! scre5s4 ,! wa/e wat] is dis*>g$ ?r\gh a trap1 :i* effectually %uts (f ! entrance ( air4 ,:5 ! ice tanks are plac$ at ! ends ( ! c> gravity w n ma9ta9 a circulation ( air4 ,z ! ice melts1 ! upp] /rata ( air rema9s w>m4 ,to avoid ?is feature1 res\rce is _h 9 a =c$ draft4 ,! air 9 ! upp] "p ( ! c> is collect$ by a fan & =c$ ?r\gh tubes ext5d+ ?r\gh ! ice tanks & op5+ on to ! floor ( ! c>4 ,9 connection ) ! fan is an inlet & outlet tube1 by :i* a gradual *ange ( air is effect$4 ,,v5tilat+ ,,refrig]ator ,,c>s4--,9 "s c>s !re is no provision = r5ewal ( ! air2 ! object is1 no d\bt1 economy ( ice1 & = v l[ temp]ature1 or = %ort trips1 x is an advantage :i* does n h any ill effects on ! cont5ts ( ! c>4 ,= long trips & mod]ate temp]atures1 a *ange ( air is b5eficial1 9 mo/ in/ances4 ,9 "s c>s1 v5tilation is s arrang$ t ! air c be *ang$ or n1 z desir$4 ,! fans are run by motion tak5 f "o ( ! c> axles1 & are arrang$ to be run by h& :5 ! c> is n 9 motion4 ,,ic+ ,,refrig]ator ,,c>s4--,:5 a tra9 is to be load$ ) beef or mutton1 x is set 9 on a track alongside ( ! ic+ plat=m4 ,by means ( d\ble tracks on ei!r side1 z _m z fifty c>s c be ic$ at %ort notice4 ,ice cakes are deliv]$ on a /ag+ above ! plat=m by elevator1 suit$ to ! location1 & run into ! hopp] ( a l>ge p[] ice break]4 ,b>r[s1 ( a capacity ( five hundr$ p\nds ( brok5 ice1 are set bel[ ! break]1 &1 by )draw+ ! damp]1 are fill$ ) ice4 ,f two to f\r %ovelfuls ( salt are add$1 & ! b>r[ is dump$ into ! m\? ( a *ute :i* runs along ! edge ( ! plat=m1 deliv]+ ! ice directly into ! door above ! ice tank4 ,ab\t f\r tons ( ice are plac$ 9 ea* c>4 ,by an ext5sion sp\t ! c>s are fill$ 9 ! same mann] on ! f>!r tracks4 ,aft] ic+1 ! c>s are load$1 & at int]vals on _! j\rney ! ice is repl5i%$4 ,9 %ipp+ o!r goods1 :i* are n want$ bel[ ! freez+ po9t1 ice is us$ )\t salt4 ,ev5 ) su* goods1 ! m frequ5t use ( ice w\ld (t5 be advisable4 ,,value ,,( ,,ice ,,9 ,,transportation4--,x is difficult to imag9e ! /ate ( affairs :i* w\ld ensue ^u a )drawal ( all refrig]ator s]vice ^u our railways4 ,! am\nt ( privation & actual suff]+ :i* w\ld foll[ w\ld be felt directly 9 e community 9 ! l&4 ,to mo/ p ! bless+s :i* foll[ 9 ! wake ( ! refrig]ator c> are ( a k9d :i* are accept$ )\t "q1 z a matt] ( c\rse4 ,x w\ld be a long li/1 to enum]ate all ! advantages :i* are n[ mutually divid$ betwe5 ! produc] & ! consum] ( ! products ( our f>ms1 g>d5s1 v9ey>ds1 dairies & fi%]ies1 dep5d5t1 9 :ole or 9 "p1 ^u ?is s]vice4 ,x is b a %ort "t s9ce hundr$s ( bu%els ( fruit 7 left to decay on ! gr\nd 9 ,cali=nia or*>ds1 :ile _m o!r sections 7 de/itute ( fruit4 ,n[ a refrig]ator c> s]vice deliv]s ^! fruits at all ! ,atlantic coa/ cities1 z well z po9ts betwe54 ,trial %ipm5ts h be5 despat*$ to ,london1 ) gratify+ results1 & x is m ?an probable t l>ge quantities ( ! products ( ^! fam\s or*>ds w delight our c\s9s across ! sea4 ,,refrig]ator ,,vessels4--,on bo>d ! fa/e/ /eam%ips ply+ betwe5 our ,atlantic ports & ,europe1 are f\nd ext5sive refrig]ator comp>tm5ts4 ,dress$ beef & mutton are export$ 9 l>ge quantities1 z well z fruits1 vegetables1 dairy products & oy/]s4 ,! temp]ature1 = meat1 is ma9ta9$ a few degrees bel[ ! freez+ po9t4 ,air ma*9es are pr9cipally us$ on ! ocean1 ! brisk circulation ( air :i* !y ma9ta9 be+ an advantage4 ,! enorm\s quantities ( dress$ meat transport$ f ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,arg5t9e1 ,new ,zeal& & ,au/ralia1 to ,europe1 requires a l>ge fleet ( /eam]s1 "s ( :i* are equipp$1 at consid]able exp5se1 = ?is special s]vice4 ,9 connection ) ^! vessels1 at bo? %ipp+ & receiv+ :>fs1 are l>ge /oreh\ses1 :]e ! froz5 meat is held1 await+ %ipm5t1 or receiv$ aft] its voyage4 ,,9 ,,transport+ ,,fruit ,,on ,,! ,,ocean1 a l>ge fleet f9d employm5t2 9 x are f\nd /eam]s built ) insulat$ hulls =m$ by l9+ ! out] /eel hull ) wood & pack+ ! inclos$ space ) p[d]$ *>coal4 ,refrig]ator s]vice is ess5tial to success 9 transport+ ! m delicate fruits su* z pe>s1 pea*es1 *]ries & plums :i* h be5 l&$ 9 ,london f ,cali=nia & ,s\? ,africa 9 excell5t condition 9 ?is way4 ,v5tilation1 9 connection ) insulat$ hulls1 is dep5d$ on 9 h&l+ mo/ ( ! tropical fruits import$ into ?is c\ntry4 ,bananas f ,c5tral & ,s\? ,am]ican & ,we/ ,india ports =m ! /aple commodity1 giv+ employm5t to an ext5sive fleet ( v excell5t boats4 ,f ,s\!rn ,europe l>ge quantities ( fruit are export$1 oranges1 lemons1 grapes & nuts =m+ ! bulk ( ! %ipm5ts :i* are c>ri$ 9 /eam]s 9 well v5tilat$ comp>tm5ts4 ,! developm5t ( ! fruit traffic f diff]5t di/ricts is atta9+ huge proportions ) ! control ( ! prop] conditions = transit :i* %ipp]s n[ h )9 _! rea*4 ,fruit %ipm5ts are n[ made to ,engl& f ,florida & ,cali=nia1 ,s\!rn ,europe1 ,s\? ,africa & ,au/ralia4 ,! %ipm5ts f "o l& =m+ ! complem5t ( ^? f o!rs1 a cont9ual supply ( ! f9e/ fre% fruits is available4 ,,ice ,,9 ,,! ,,fi%]ies4--,x is n[ long ago t fre% fi% 7 to be enjoy$ only at places ne> by ! fi%+ gr\nds4 ,n[ !y are 9 ! m>ket ! ye> r\nd4 ,dur+ ! season :5 fi% may be caught1 ^? n ent]+ into imm$iate consumption are plac$ 9 cold /orage rooms & froz51 to be tak5 out at any lat] "t z !y are want$4 ,su* /orage h\ses are f\nd 9 connection ) all important fi%+ /ations on ! ,new ,engl& coa/1 along ! great lakes1 & among ! salmon fi%]ies ( ! ,nor!rn ,pacific4 ,:5 ! fi%+ boats />t on a cruise !y are load$ ) ice1 ) :i* ! fi% are pres]v$1 & ! fi%]m5 are n oblig$ to return home ) a small cat* to prev5t its spoil+4 ,9 %ipp+ fi% to inl& places1 a beautiful sight is (t5 obs]v$ 9 a slab ( cry/al ice ab\t ?ree feet squ>e & eight in*es ?ick1 )9 :i* a doz5 or m fi% h be5 froz54 ,!y are z beautiful 9 appe>ance z :5 se5 9 _! native elem5t1 :ile no occasion exi/s = comm5t+ ^u ! utility ( ?is me?od ( transport+ !m4 ,altoge!r ice is a prime necessity 9 ?is bus9ess 9 all dep>tm5ts--! fi%]man1 ! %ipp] & deal]1 & ! consum]4 ,x w\ld n d to close ?is *apt] )\t ref]r+ to ! oy/]4 ,! association ( oy/]s & ice are s intimate t !y are usually se5 toge!r4 ,! trays ( oy/]s & ice may be se5 9 e direction dur+ ! season1 on _! way f ! oy/] b$s to delight ! palates ( _! admir]s :o are f\nd ev]y:]e4 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,ret>d+ ,,cell>s ,,& ,,h\ses4 ,cold ,/orage 9 ,modifi$ ,=m1 ,)\t ,ice--,v5tilat$ ,/orage & ,pack+ ,h\ses = ,fruit & o!r ,produce4 ,x is well kn[n t cell>s :i* are dry1 cool & well v5tilat$ are ( great s]vice 9 pres]v+ fruit & vegetables4 ,9 ,sicily1 :]e oranges h long be5 produc$ 9 great quantities1 !y are kept 9 cool caves1 :i* are num]\s among ! m\nta9s ( t isl&4 ,its volcanic orig9 no d\bt has p>ticul>ly favor$ _! =mation1 & ! por\s nature ( ! rock insures v5tilation comb9$ ) a dry cool air4 ,,caves ,,= ,,/orage4--,!re is mu* ( ! natural ph5om5a ( caves :i* is int]e/+1 & def9ite det]m9ation ( _! philosophy w\ld be ( value4 ,!re are caves 9 :i* ice is =m$ dur+ ! hotte/ wea!r1 & 9 :i* x disappe>s dur+ ! w9t]4 ,%afts sunk 9 m9+ h exhibit$ ! same peculi>ity4 ,! ev5 temp]ature & dryness ( ! air 9 _m caves is rem>kable4 ,:ile ! facts are yet to be det]m9$ sci5tifically reg>d+ ^! natural =mations1 "s ( _! *>act]i/ics may be secur$ by artificially con/ruct$ cell>s4 ,,/orage ,,cell>s ,,)\t ,,ice h be5 9 use = ye>s1 ) pr(it & conv5i5ce to _! own]s4 ,a conv5i5t place is to locate !m 9 ! side ( a slight hill1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #hi4 ,a cross section is %[n 9 ,fig4 #ij4 ,an excavation ! wid? ( ! cell> is made1 ! e>? be+ ?r[n up aga9/ ! outside ( ! /one wall1 :i* is built on ! l[] hillside4 ,! opposite wall is =m$ by ! cut face ( ! hill4 ,! re> end is con/ruct$ 9 ! same mann] z ! l[] hillside4 ,! front wall & doors are made ( a d\ble ?ickness ( bo>ds1 ) six in*es inclos$ space fill$ ) sawdu/4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #hi4 ,,p]spective ,,view ,,( ,,fruit ,,cell>4 ,! doors sw+ inw>d1 & are l>ge en\gh to admit a s+le horsec>t4 ,! sides & re> end are l9$ ) in* bo>ds4 ,! side walls are f\r feet high 9 ! cle>4 ,to =m ! ro(1 bo>ds are cut ( a l5g? :i* w raise ! c5t] sev5 feet above ! floor & give easy passage = a horse4 ,midway betwe5 ! c5t] & ei!r wall a #b #d po/ is set ^u a foot+ ( brick1 & above x "u ! ro( bo>ds a #a #d /rip is run ! l5g? ( ! cell>4 ,on top ( ! fir/ ro( bo>ds a lay] ( /raw is plac$1 :i* w be a foot 9 ?ickness :5 press$ d[n4 ,on top ( ?is /raw a second set ( ro( bo>ds is plac$1 cov]$ ) ano!r lay] ( /raw2 on top is n[ plac$ a tight cov] ( mat*$ bo>ds1 & two ?icknesses ( t>r$ pap] ov] ! :ole4 ,batt5s are plac$ ov] ! jo9ts 9 ! mat*$ bo>ds to hold d[n ! t>r$ pap] & prev5t any wat] pass+ ?r\gh4 ,! out] edges ( ! ro( are set firmly aga9/ ! gr\nd at ! top ( ! walls4 ,on ! upp] hillside til+ %\ld be plac$1 or o!r dra9+ to c>ry (f ! surface wat]4 ,a por\s1 gravelly side %\ld be select$ :5ev] available4 ,9 ! front two w9d[s are plac$ & "o l>ge "o at ! re>1 d\ble sa%es be+ fitt$ dur+ ! colde/ wea!r4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ij4 ,,cross ,,section ,,( ,,fruit ,,cell>4 ,,! ,,*eapness ,,& ,,capacity ,,( ,,su* ,a ,,cell>4--,= a cell> "o hundr$ feet deep ! e/imat$ co/ is #ajj1 no skill$ labor be+ requir$4 ,r\gh lumb] is us$ except = ! la/ ro( bo>ds4 ,l>ge /orage room is provid$ 9 su* a cell>1 fifty ?\s& cel]y plants h be5 accommodat$ 9 "o2 hundr$s ( bu%els ( vegetables1 apples & o!r fruits h be5 held 9 x dur+ ! fall & w9t]4 ,a ,,cold ,,pack+ ,,h\se4--,on l>ge fruit f>ms a build+ design$ to prop]ly c>e = ! fruit dur+ %ipp+ & pack+1 & z a /ore h\se = tempor>y use1 is desirable4 ,! illu/rations bel[ 7,figs4 #ia & #ib7 are tak5 f a v5tilat$ fruit h\se ) insulat$ walls1 :i* has op]at$ v successfully 9 ,ont>io ,c\nty1 ,n4 ,y4 ,a p]spective view is %[n 9 ,fig4 #ia4 ,! ma9 build+ is #bd #cf feet1 built into a slight hill4 ,! basem5t is built ) /one walls eighte5 in*es ?ick1 ext5d+ two feet bel[ ! surface & ris+ six feet above x4 ,! floor is made ( eight in*es ( clean co>se gravel1 ) a coat ( hydraulic cem5t gr\t$ 9 a f9i%+ coat on top1 ?us mak+ a dry1 h>d floor4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ia4 ,,p]spective ,,view ,,( ,,fruit ,,h\se4 ,! basem5t is divid$ into conv5i5t ap>tm5ts4 ,! entrance is f ! front & nor? sides1 ! floor be+ almo/ level ) ! outside surface4 ,bo? ! doors & w9d[s are d\ble1 ! latt] be+ provid$ ) scre5s to keep out insects :5 op5 = v5tilation4 ,?is basem5t is ceil$ ) in* bo>ds1 on top ( :i*1 betwe5 ! joi/s1 is plac$ an in* & "o-half ( mort>4 ,! upp] build+ is f\rte5 feet to ! eaves1 ! ma9 /ory be+ eight feet 9 ! cle>4 ,! /udd+ is five in*es wide1 & on ! outside are two ?icknesses ( damp-pro( pap]1 ov] :i* wea!r bo>ds are plac$4 ,on ! inside ( ! /udd+ are two lay]s ( pap]1 !n a two-in* wide /udd+ on :i* ! pap] is aga9 d\bl$2 ov] ?is comes mat*$ in* lumb]1 mak+ two dead air spaces to insure aga9/ ! *anges ( outside temp]ature affect+ t on ! inside4 ,! ceil+ ( ?is room is =m$ by putt+ "o ?ickness ( pap] on ! joi/s1 cov]$ ) mat*$ lumb]4 ,! floor is ( mat*$ two-in* plank1 ?us mak+ dead air spaces betwe5 ! cell>s & ! upp] room1 & also r5d]+ x imp]vi\s to rats & mice4 7,fig4 #ib47 ,?is floor is occupi$ by an (fice & /airway 9 "o end1 & ^! leave a cle> floor space ( #bd #bd feet1 = /or+ & pack+ purposes4 ,%elves1 ?irty-two in*es deep1 are plac$ all ar\nd ! wall ( ?is room1 & are capable ( hold+ ab\t sev5 tons ( grapes or o!r fruits1 leav+ ! c5t] = su* z are 9 b>rels4 ,f ! ea/ side ( ?is room a door op5s into ! rais$ portion ( ! %$4 ,?r\gh ?is door ! fruit c be unload$ f ! wagon )\t any lift+4 ,?is %$ runs ! :ole l5g? ( ! build+ & is sixte5 feet wide1 ) a gr\nd floor4 ,x is ample to accommodate pack+1 also sev]al loads ( fruit ov] night or ?r\gh a %[]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ib4 ,,section ,,( ,,floor ,,& ,,ceil+4 ,! top /ory is eight feet high 9 ! c5t]4 ,! floor is "o-in* mat*$ /uff1 laid on pap]4 ,! sides & ceil+ are la!d & pla/]$4 ,x makes a cool room1 pleasant to "w 9 or to /ore grapes & o!r fruits 9 baskets1 z ! v]&a on ! we/ side has a flat ro( ) a door op5+ on x1 :i* r5d]s x v conv5i5t = load+ or unload+4 ,! v]&a is six feet wide on ! two sides4 ,a galvaniz$ iron v5tilat+ tube1 two feet 9 diamet]1 runs f ! fruit to above ! ro(1 to c>ry (f ! heat$ air4 ,o!r v5tilat+ doors %\ld be close to ! floor & left op5 at night1 ?us mak+ a cool draft all night ?r\gh ! fruit room4 ,! doors are to be clos$ air-tight e>ly 9 ! morn+2 ! room above c be v5tilat$ ?r\gh ! %aft all day1 draw+ (f ! heat f ! ro(4 ,pure air & pl5ty ( x be+ requir$ 9 a h\se ( ?is description1 its location %\ld be well *os54 ,! prevail+ w9ds & surr\nd+ build+s or o!r features c be notic$ 9 select+ a site4 ,,9 ,,remov+ ,,fruit f /orage room1 x is always desirable to let ! temp]ature gradually rise to t ( ! ext]nal atmosph]e4 ,o!rwise ! fruit1 be+ remov$ at once f a cool room1 be+ cool] ?an ! ext]nal atmosph]e1 cond5ses moi/ure on its surface :i*1 unless remov$1 may cause decay aft] ! fruit is pack$ = %ipm5t or sale4 ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,ic$ ,,foods ,,& ,,bev]ages4 ,recipes = ,ic$ ,foods & ,dr9ks--,ice ,creams ( e ,sort & ,description--,fruit ,ma%es1 ,%]bets & ! l--,o!r ,ic$ ,di%es4 ,!re are few :o d n ?or\ghly enjoy a di% ( well made ice cream or a glass ( "s refre%+ ic$ bev]age4 ,! addition ( an ice h\se to ! f>m equipm5t is ! connect+ l9k :i* w supply ^! luxuries4 ,few ent]ta9m5ts are complete ) ice cream omitt$1 & z x falls to ! lot ( ! *>m+ wives & daught]s to disp5se ! cordial hospitality = :i* ,am]ican f>m]s are fam\s1 a few *oice recipes are pres5t$ "h = _! consid]ation4 ,! ice cru%] illu/rat$ 9 ,fig4 #ic is v conv5i5t = break+ ice = ! freez] or = ic$ dr9ks4 ,x is an improvem5t ov] ! common me?od ( break+ ! ice 9 a bag ) a mallet4 ,recipes = ices are n num]\s1 because _m da9ties are comp\nd$ by secret =mulas = :i* confection]s sometimes h to pay de>ly4 ,aga91 "o :o kn[s h[ to make good1 pla91 old-fa%ion$ ice cream1 g5]ally kn[s h[ to add ! diff]5t fruits & flavors4 ,b ! foll[+ h be5 compil$ ) great c>e1 _m ( !m are new or h]et(ore secret1 & !y are suffici5t 9 numb] to give ! h\sewife1 cat]] or confection] e possible delicacy 9 ! way ( ices1 exclusive ( intoxicat+ dr9ks4 ,,ice ,,creams ,,& ,,ices4--,p\r ! mixture to be froz5 into ! t9 c2 put beat] 9 ?is & put on cov]4 ,place 9 ! tub1 be+ c>eful to h ! po9t on ! bottom fit into ! socket 9 ! tub4 ,put on ! cross piece1 & turn ! crank1 to see t ev]y?+ is "r4 ,next comes ! pack+4 ,ice %\ld be brok5 9 l>ge pieces1 put into a canvas bag & p\nd$ f9e ) a mallet1 or put 9 a tub & %av$ f9e ) ! ice %av]4 ,put a ?ick lay] ( x into ! tub1 !n a good lay] ( co>se salt2 cont9ue ?is till ! tub is full2 pack d[n solid ) paddle or common /ick4 ,aft] turn+ ! crank a few times add m salt & ice1 & pack d[n aga91 till ! tub is full4 ,= a gallon c ?ree p9ts ( salt &1 p]haps1 t5 qu>ts ( f9e ice1 w be requir$4 ,! wat] mu/ n be let (f1 z x is "o ( ! /ronge/ elem5ts to help ! freez+4 ,if m salt ?an ! quantity giv5 is us$ ! cream w freeze soon]1 b w n be s smoo? & ri* z :5 less is us$4 ,turn ! crank = tw5ty m9utes1 n s fa/ at fir/1 b v rapidly ! la/ t5 m9utes4 ,x w be h>d to turn :5 ! mixture is froz54 ,let (f ! wat] c>efully1 turn back ! cross piece1 wipe ! salt & wat] f ! cov]1 take (f cov]1 n displac+ ! c itself4 ,remove ! beat] & scrape ! cream f x4 ,"w a l>ge spoon up & d[n until ! cream is light1 & ! space left by ! beat] is fill$4 ,cov] ! c1 cork up ! hole f :i* ! h&le ( ! beat] 0 tak51 add m salt & ice till ! c is well cov]$2 set 9 a cool place 7cov]$ ) a bit ( old c>pet71 until "t = s]v+4 ,x is bett] = /&+ a c\ple ( h\rs4 ,:5 ready to s]ve1 dip ! c = a few seconds 9 hot wat]1 wipe x1 & turn on a platt]4 ,re/ x = a mom5t1 & lift a little4 ,if ! cream is to be s]v$ f a m\ld1 remove x :5 y d ! beat]2 fill ! m\ld1 & "w ! cream up & d[n ) a spoon4 ,?is w press ! cream into e "p & light5 x4 ,cov] ! top ( ! m\ld ) a ?ick :ite pap]1 put on t9 cov]1 & bury 9 fre% salt & ice4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,s]ve ,,creams ,,& ,,ices4--,mu* pride is tak5 by good cooks 9 ! way !y s]ve _! da9ties to _! fri5ds4 ,creams & ices look pretti] s]v$ on pretty plates4 ,if ^! are lack+1 lay a fl[] on ea* plate1 or 9 "s way beautify x4 ,a qua9t way ( s]v+ cream 0 notic$ n long s9ce4 ,calla lilies _h be5 robb$ ( _! /am5s & _! cups fill$ ) ! cream4 ,,ice ,,creams4 ,,vanilla ,,ice ,,cream4--,"o qu>t ( ri* cream1 "o cup ( milk1 "o cup ( sug>1 "o & "o-half teaspoonfuls ( vanilla4 ,?is recipe ne>ly d\bles itself if ! cream is v ri*4 ,,/rawb]ry ,,ice ,,cream4--,"o qu>t ( /rawb]ries1 "o p9t ( sug>1 "o-half p9t ( milk1 "o & "o-half p9ts ( cream4 ,ma% ! b]ries & sug> toge!r ?r\gh a f9e /ra9] into ! freez]1 aft] ! re/ ( ! mixture has be5 freez+ ab\t eight m9utes4 ,,br[n ,,bread ,,ice ,,cream4--,dry ! cru/ ( br[n bread 9 a w>m ov54 ,roll f9e & sift4 ,add "o p9t ( ! crumbs to ! prep>ation = vanilla ice cream4 ,! vanilla & "o-f\r? ( ! sug> mu/ be omitt$4 ,,cocoanut ,,ice ,,cream4--,"o qu>t ( cream1 "o p9t ( milk1 ?ree eggs1 "o & "o-half cupfuls ( sug>1 "o cupful ( prep>$ cocoanut1 ! r9d & juice ( "o lemon4 ,beat toge!r ! eggs & grat$ r9d & put ) ! milk 9 a d\ble vessel4 ,/ir till ! mixture beg9s to ?ick54 ,add ! cocoanut & put away to cool4 ,:5 cold add sug>1 lemon juice & cream4 ,freeze4 ,,fig ,,ice ,,cream4--,"o qu>t ( milk1 two tablespoonfuls ( corn />*1 "o ( gelat9e1 "o p9t ( cream1 a cupful & a half ( sug>1 ?ree eggs1 two cupfuls ( figs cut f9e1 "o tablespoonful ( vanilla4 ,put ! milk 9 a d\ble boil]1 res]v+ half a cupful4 ,:5 x is boil+ p\r 9 ! corn />*1 :i* has be5 mix$ ) ! cold milk4 ,cook t5 m9utes4 ,beat ! eggs & sug> toge!r2 p\r ! cook$ mixture on ?is1 /irr+ all ! "t4 ,return to ! fire1 add ! gelat9e1 :i* has be5 soak+ 9 f\r tablespoonfuls ( cold wat]1 & cook ?ree m9utes4 ,set away to cool4 ,:5 cold add ! cream & vanilla1 & freeze4 ,:5 ! cream has be5 freez+ t5 m9utes1 take (f cov] & /ir 9 ! figs4 ,cov] aga9 & f9i% freez+4 ,,*ocolate ,,ice ,,cream4--,"o qu>t ( cream1 "o p9t ( milk1 "o ev5 p9t ( p[d]$ sug>1 "o tablespoonful ( vanilla1 six eggs1 "o teacup grat$ *ocolate4 ,mix sug>1 *ocolate1 cream & milk1 & br+ to ! boil+ po9t 9 a porcela9 kettle2 !n draw ! kettle to ! back ( ! /ove1 & /ir 9 ! mixture1 six yolks & f\r :ites1 :i* h be5 beat5 sep>ately & toge!r4 ,draw ! kettle =w>d aga91 /ir con/antly till ! mixture looks l ?ick cream1 !n take x f ! /ove & add ! rema9+ :ites1 :i* h be5 well beat54 ,:5 slightly cool$ add vanilla4 ,:5 cold p\r 9 freez] & freeze4 ,?is quantity is en\gh = twelve p]sons4 ,*ocolate mu/ be dissolv$ 9 a little boil+ wat]4 ,,new ,,york ,,ice ,,cream4--,"o full qu>t ( cream1 "o c(fee cup ( p[d]$ sug>1 f\r eggs1 ?ree teaspoonfuls ( vanilla4 ,beat ! yolks & :ites sep>ately1 !n put toge!r & /ir 9 "o p9t ( cream4 ,:5 x rea*es ! boil+ po9t draw cream to back ( /ove until ! :ole is well mix$1 !n draw =w>d1 /ir until x ?ick5s1 ab\t ?ree m9utes4 ,cool1 add ! o!r p9t ( cream1 !n ! vanilla4 ,freeze4 ,,neapolitan ,,cream4--,make a vanilla1 a *ocolate & a /rawb]ry cream2 freeze 9 sep>ate freez]s1 & fill a m\ld ! =m ( a brick 9 ?ree smoo? lay]s ( equal size4 ,,c(fee ,,ice ,,cream4--,make ! same z vanilla1 ) ! addition ( c(fee1 ( :i* take a cupful gr\nd mod]ately f9e1 put ov] x j en\gh wat] to keep x simm]+ until /rong1 !n p\r ?r\gh a bit ( *eeseclo?1 & :5 cool into ! cream ready = freez+4 ,,walnut ,,ice ,,cream4--,"o p9t ( ! meat ( walnuts 7,am]ican are ! be/71 p\nd$ f9e 9 a mort>1 "o p9t ( milk1 "o qu>t ( cream1 two small cupfuls ( sug>1 f\r eggs & a qu>t] ( a teaspoonful ( salt4 ,beat eggs ) "o cupful ( sug>2 put !m & ! milk into d\ble boil] & /ir con/antly until ! mixture beg9s to ?ick54 ,!n add salt & put away to cool4 ,:5 cold add ! re/ ( ! sug>1 cream & nut meats1 & freeze4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ic4 ,,ice ,,cru%+ ,,ma*9e4 ,,tea ,,ice ,,cream4--,"o & "o-half p9ts ( ri* cream1 "o p9t ( sug>1 "o cup ( good /rong gre5 tea1 yolks ( eight eggs4 ,mix 9 inn] vessel until x ?ick5s4 ,/ra9 ?r\gh sieve & freeze4 ,,orange ,,ice ,,cream4--,"o & "o-half p9ts ( milk or cream4 ,"o p9t ( sug>4 ,! r9d ( two oranges rubb$ on loaf sug>4 ,! juice ( six l>ge oranges4 ,yolks ( eight eggs4 ,a p9* ( salt4 ,mix ! +r$i5ts 9 an inn] vessel4 ,/ir well until ! mixture ?ick5s4 ,pass ?r\gh f9e sieve4 ,freeze4 ,,c9namon ,,ice ,,cream4--,"o & "o-half p9ts ( ri* cream4 ,"o p9t ( sug>4 ,yolks ( eight eggs4 ,a good siz$ /ick ( c9namon1 bruis$4 ,cook 9 inn] vessel until mixture ?ick5s4 ,/ra91 cool & freeze4 ,,vanilla ,,ice ,,cream4--,"o & "o-half p9ts cream4 ,"o p9t ( sug>4 ,"o vanilla bean4 ,yolks ( sev5 eggs1 & a p9* ( salt4 ,break up ! bean 9 ! mixture1 & proce$ z 9 ,c9namon ,cream4 ,,almond ,,cream4--,"o p9t ( cream4 ,"o cup ( sug>4 ,"o-qu>t] p\nd ( blan*$ almonds1 well *opp$4 ,/ir ov] fire1 & add well beat5 yolks ( f\r eggs4 ,flavor ) extract ( rose4 ,p\r into di% & pile on m]+ue4 ,place on ice until "t to s]ve4 ,,tapioca ,,cream4--,soak two tablespoonfuls ( tapioca ov] night 9 j en\gh wat] to cov] x4 ,9 ! morn+ boil "o qu>t ( milk ) ! soak$ tapioca by plac+ x 9 a t9 c or pail set 9 wat] to boil4 ,add two-?irds ( a cup ( granulat$ sug> & a p9* ( salt4 ,beat ! yolks ( ?ree eggs4 ,:5 ! milk has boil$ eight m9utes /ir 9 ! yolks4 ,remove f ! fire & /ir rapidly = five m9utes1 s t x w n curdle4 ,flavor ) vanilla4 ,p\r into pudd+ di%4 ,beat :ites well4 ,p\r ov] ! top ( cream4 ,sift ) a little p[d]$ sug>1 br[n a m9ute or two 9 ov54 ,s]ve ice cold4 ,,swans' ,,d[n ,,cream4--,:ip /iff "o put ( ri* cream4 ,beat to a fro? ! :ites ( ?ree eggs2 sweet5 ) a small cup ( sug> & flavor ) vanilla4 ,beat all toge!r4 ,p\r into a glass di% & set into a b[l ( cru%$ ice to s5d to table4 ,eat ) sponge cake4 ,,pea* ,,ice ,,cream4--,"o qu>t ( cream4 ,"o cup ( milk sweet5$4 ,:ites ( ?ree eggs4 ,"o p9t ( slic$ pea*es4 ,z soon z ! cream beg9s to freeze well add ! sweet5$ pea*es :i* h be5 run ?r\gh a sieve4 ,freeze sev5 m9utes & add ! beat5 :ites4 ,freeze well4 ,,ic$ ,,di%es4 ,,lemon ,,ice4--,eight lemons1 two qu>ts ( wat]1 "o & "o-half p\nds ( sug>1 :ites ( f\r eggs4 ,?is makes ?ree qu>ts to freeze4 ,,tutti ,,frutti4--,:5 ri* vanilla cream is p>tly froz5 add ,engli% currants1 *opp$ citron1 *opp$ rais9s & c&i$ *]ries4 ,! rule is g5]ally ! same quantity ( fruit z cream4 ,m\ld & place 9 p\nd$ ice & salt until ready to s]ve4 ,a suffici5t "t mu/ be all[$ = ! cream to h>d54 ,blan*$ almonds *opp$ f9e makes a nice addition4 ,,froz5 ,,pudd+4--,"o g5]\s p9t ( milk1 two cupfuls ( granulat$ sug>1 a scant half cupful ( fl\r1 two eggs1 two tablespoonfuls ( gelat9e1 "o qu>t ( cream1 "o p\nd ( ,fr5* c&i$ fruit 7half a p\nd w d71 f\r tablespoonfuls ( w9e4 ,let ! milk come to a boil1 beat ! fl\r1 "o cupful ( sug> & ! eggs1 & /ir into ! boil+ milk4 ,cook tw5ty m9utes1 & add ! gelat9e1 :i* has be5 soak+ an h\r 9 en\gh wat] to cov] x4 ,set away to cool4 ,:5 cold1 add w9e1 sug> & cream4 ,freeze t5 m9utes1 !n add ! c&i$ fruit & f9i% freez+4 ,:5 ready to s]ve dip t9 9 w>m wat]1 turn out ! cream & s]ve ) :ipp$ cream heap$ ar\nd4 ,,nesselrode ,,pudd+4--,"o p9t ( %ell$ almonds1 "o p9t & a half ( %ell$ *e/nuts1 "o p9t ( cream1 a p9t c ( p9eapple1 ! yolks ( t5 eggs1 half a p\nd ( ,fr5* c&i$ fruit1 "o tablespoonful ( vanilla1 f\r ( w9e1 "o p9t ( wat]1 "o ( sug>4 ,boil ! *e/nuts half an h\r1 !n rub (f ! black sk9s & p\nd 9 a mort> until a pa/e4 ,blan* ! almonds & p\nd 9 same mann]4 ,boil ! sug>1 wat] & juice f ! p9eapple = tw5ty m9utes 9 a saucepan4 ,beat ! yolks ( ! eggs & /ir !m into ! syrup4 ,put ! saucepan 9 ano!r ( boil+ wat]1 & beat ! mixture ) an egg beat] until x ?ick5s4 ,take (f1 place 9 bas9 ( cold wat]1 & beat t5 m9utes4 ,mix ! almonds & *e/nuts ) ! cream1 & rub all ?r\gh a sieve4 ,add ! c&i$ fruit & p9eapple cut f9e2 mix ?is ) cook$ mixture2 add ! flavor & half a teaspoonful ( salt4 ,freeze ! same z ice cream4 ,,lemon ,,%]bet4--,! juice ( five lemons1 "o p9t ( wat]1 "o tablespoonful ( gelat9e4 ,soak ! gelat9e 9 a little wat]4 ,boil "o cup ( wat] & dissolve ! gelat9e 9 x4 ,mix toge!r ! sug>1 wat]1 gelat9e & lemon juice4 ,turn into c & freeze4 ,?is is light & creamy4 ,,lemon ,,%]bet4--,"o p9t & a half ( sug>1 ?ree p9ts ( wat]1 ! juice ( t5 lemons4 ,boil ! sug> & wat] toge!r tw5ty-five m9utes4 ,add ! lemon-juice1 /ra9 & freeze4 ,?is makes a smoo?1 ri* %]bet4 ,,orange ,,%]bet4--,make ! same z lemon %]bet1 b use ! juice ( tw5ty oranges in/ead ( t5 lemons4 ,boil ! syrup = ?is di% ?irty m9utes4 ,,p9eapple ,,%]bet4--,a p9t & a half c ( p9eapple1 or1 if fre% fruit is us$1 "o l>ge p9eapple1 a scant p9t ( sug>1 a p9t ( wat]1 "o tablespoonful ( gelat9e4 ,soak ! gelat9e an h\r 9 en\gh cold wat] to cov] x4 ,cut ! he>ts & eyes f ! fruit1 *op x f9e & add to x ! sug> & juice f ! c4 ,h half ! wat] hot & dissolve ! gelat9e 9 x4 ,/ir ?is & ! cold wat] into ! p9eapple4 ,freeze4 ,?is %]bet w be :ite & creamy4 ,,/rawb]ry ,,%]bet4--,two qu>ts ( /rawb]ries1 "o p9t ( sug>1 "o p9t & a half ( wat]1 "o tablespoonful ( gelat9e4 ,ma% ! b]ries & sug> toge!r1 & let !m /& two h\rs4 ,soak ! gelat9e 9 cold wat] to cov]4 ,add "o p9t ( wat] to ! b]ries1 & /ra94 ,dissolve ! gelat9e 9 half a p9t ( boil+ wat]2 add ?is to ! /ra9$ mixture1 & freeze4 ,,/rawb]ry ,,%]bet ,,no4 #b4--,"o p9t & a half ( /rawb]ry juice1 "o p9t ( sug>1 "o p9t & a half ( wat]1 ! juice ( two lemons4 ,boil ! wat] & sug> toge!r = tw5ty m9utes1 add ! lemon & /rawb]ry juice4 ,/ra9 & freeze4 ,,raspb]ry ,,%]bet4--,?is %]bet is made ! same z ! /rawb]ry4 ,:5 raspb]ries are n 9 season1 use ! cann$ or pres]v$ fruit & a small] quantity ( sug>4 ,! juice ( a lemon or two is always an improvem5t4 ,?is %]bet c also be made by foll[+ ! second rule = /rawb]ry %]bet4 ,,currant ,,%]bet4--,"o p9t ( currant juice1 "o p9t & a half ( wat]1 ! juice ( "o lemon1 "o p9t ( sug>1 "o tablespoonful ( gelat9e4 ,h ! gelat9e soak$ 9 cold wat] & dissolve x 9 half a p9t ( boil+ wat]4 ,mix x ) ! p9t ( cold wat]1 ! sug>1 lemon & currant juice1 & freeze4 ,,froz5 ,,/rawb]ries4--,two qu>ts ( fre% b]ries1 "o p9t ( sug>1 "o qu>t ( wat]4 ,boil ! wat] & sug> toge!r half an h\r1 !n add ! b]ries1 & cook fifte5 m9utes long]4 ,let ?is cool1 & freeze4 ,:5 beat] is tak5 out add "o p9t ( :ipp$ cream4 ,pres]v$ fruit may be us$ 9 ?is case1 to ea* qu>t ( fruit "o qu>t ( wat]1 & freeze4 ,,froz5 ,,raspb]ries4--,prep>e raspb]ries ! same z /rawb]ries4 ,:5 cold add ! juice ( ?ree lemons1 & freeze4 ,,froz5 ,,apricots4--,"o c ( apricots1 a g5]\s p9t ( sug>1 a qu>t ( wat]1 a p9t ( :ipp$ cream--measur$ aft] be+ :ipp$4 ,cut apricots 9 small pieces1 add sug> & wat]1 freeze4 ,,froz5 ,,pea*es4--,"o c ( pea*es1 "o heap+ p9t ( granulat$ sug>1 "o qu>t ( wat]1 two cupfuls ( :ipp$ cream4 ,boil sug> & wat] toge!r = tw5ty m9utes1 !n add pea*es1 & cook tw5ty m9utes long]4 ,rub ?r\gh a sieve1 & :5 cool1 freeze4 ,:5 ! beat] is tak5 out /ir 9 ! :ipp$ cream ) a spoon4 ,,biscuit ,,glace4--,"o p9t ( cream :ipp$ to a fro?1 a doz5 & a half mac>oons1 ?ree eggs1 half a cupful ( wat]1 two-?irds ( a cupful ( sug>1 a teaspoonful ( vanilla4 ,boil ! sug> & wat] toge!r = half an h\r1 beat ! eggs & /ir into ! boil+ syrup4 ,place ! saucepan conta9+ ! mixture 9 ano!r ( boil+ wat]1 & beat = eight m9utes4 ,take f ! fire1 place ! saucepan 9 a pan ( cold wat]1 & beat mixture until cold4 ,!n add flavor & :ipp$ cream4 ,/ir well & fill pap] cases4 ,h ! mac>oons roll$ f9e & br[n$4 ,put a lay] ( crumbs on ! cream 9 ! cases4 ,place ^! 9 an ice cream m\ld1 cov] well & bury 9 ice & salt = at lea/ two h\rs4 ,s]ve on fancy plates4 ,,glace ,,m]+ue4--,"o qu>t ( cream1 "o l>ge cupful ( granulat$ sug> & six tablespoonfuls ( p[d]$1 "o tablespoonful ( vanilla1 ! :ites ( six eggs1 "o cupful ( milk1 "o tablespoonful ( gelat9e1 soak$ an h\r 9 f\r ( cold wat]4 ,let ! milk come to a boil1 & /ir ! gelat9e into x4 ,/ra9 into ! cream1 add ! vanilla & granulat$ sug>2 turn into ! t9 & freeze4 ,:5 ! mixture is froz5 7x w usually require tw5ty m9utes71 take out ! beat] & pack ! cream smoo?ly1 be+ c>eful to h ! top p]fectly smoo?4 ,set away until s]v+ "t4 ,x %\ld /&1 at lea/1 an h\r4 ,:5 ready to s]ve1 beat ! :ites ( ! eggs to a /iff fro?1 & gradually beat into ?is ! p[d]$ sug>4 ,turn ! cream out1 & cov] e "p ( x ) ! m]+ue4 ,br[n 9 a hot ov5 & s]ve imm$iately4 ,if ! di% is flat put a bo>d "u x2 ?is keeps ! heat f ! bottom4 ,glace m]+ue is a beautiful di%4 ,,bombe ,,glace4--,"o qu>t ( /rawb]ry or raspb]ry %]bet1 "o p9t ( sug>1 "o p9t & a half ( wat]1 ! yolks ( eighte5 eggs1 "o l>ge tablespoonful ( vanilla4 ,boil ! sug> & wat] toge!r tw5ty m9utes1 beat ! yolks ( ! eggs v light4 ,place ! saucepan ) ! syrup 9 ano!r pan ( boil+ wat]2 /ir ! eggs into ?is syrup & beat ) a :isk = t5 m9utes4 ,take f ! fire1 place ! bas9 9 a pan ( cold wat]1 & cont9ue beat+ = t5 or fifte5 m9utes4 ,pack an ice cream m\ld 9 ice & salt4 ,take ! %]bet f ! freez] & spread on ! sides & bottom ( ! m\ld4 ,:5 x is h>d put ! cook$ mixture 9 ! c5t]1 be+ c>eful n to di/urb ! %]bet4 ,cov] ) a piece ( ?ick :ite pap]4 ,put on ! cov]1 & cov] ! top ( ! m\ld ) salt & ice4 ,bombe glace c be made ) any k9d ( %]bet1 hav+ ! c5t] "p flavor$ to correspond ) ! %]bet4 ,! h&some/ di%es are1 ( c\rse1 made ) ! brighte/ color$ %]bets4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #id4 ,a ,,p[] ,,ice ,,cru%]4 ,,pla9 ,,blanc ,,mange4--,to "o qu>t ( boil+ milk add two tablespoonfuls ( corn />* dissolv$ 9 a little cold milk4 ,sweet5 & let x boil long en\gh to ?ick54 ,p\r into cups1 & :5 cold s]ve 9 glass di%es ) a sweet jelly & ri* cream4 ,?is makes a v simple & :olesome di%4 ,always cook cu/>ds 9 inn] vessels1 z !y are n s apt to scor*4 ,a froz5 cu/>d is a delight 9 hot wea!r4 ,,p9eapple ,,wat] ,,ice4--,"o p\nd ( p9eapple1 peel$1 slic$ & r$uc$ to a pulp by p\nd+4 ,rub ?r\gh a f9e sieve4 ,wa% ! dregs ) half p9t ( cold wat]4 ,add "o p9t ( syrup 7made by boil+ "o p9t ( wat] ) qu>t] ( a p\nd ( sug>7 & juice ( "o lemon4 ,freeze4 ,,raspb]ry ,,ice4--,"o & "o-half p9ts ( raspb]ry juice1 made by press+ ! fruit ?r\gh a sieve4 ,"o p9t ( syrup4 ,"o glass ( currant juice1 or juice ( half a lemon4 ,freeze4 ,,*]ry ,,ice4--,two p\nds ( *]ries pick$1 p\nd$ & boil$ ) a gill ( wat] 9 a porcela9 vessel4 ,rub ?r\gh a sieve4 ,add "o p9t ( ?ick syrup1 "o p9t ( cream1 & a few drops ( ess5ce ( ! k]nels4 ,mix4 ,freeze tw5ty m9utes4 ,,blackb]ry ,,ice4--,put z _m blackb]ries z y wi% to /ew1 & sweet5 to ta/e4 ,:5 done put 9 a bag & /ra94 ,:5 cold1 freeze4 ,,mac>oni ,,cu/>d4--,take "o qu>t ( milk1 set x on to boil4 ,mix "o-half tablespoonful ( butt] & ?ree ( fl\r1 & /ir into ! boil+ milk4 ,beat ! yolks ( six eggs ) "o-half cup ( sug>4 ,/ir into ! milk1 & take f fire to cool4 ,flavor ) vanilla1 !n crumble "o doz5 fre% mac>oons ov] ! top & pile on ! m]+ue4 ,s]ve ice cold4 ,,boil$ ,,cu/>d4--,"o qu>t ( milk1 two eggs1 "o tablespoonful ( corn />*1 "o teacup ( sug>4 ,flavor ) vanilla4 ,boil milk & sug>1 !n add />* & eggs well beat5 toge!r4 ,place on ice be=e s]v+4 ,,float+ ,,isl&4--,"o qu>t ( milk1 f\r eggs--:ites & yolks beat5 sep>ately--f\r tablespoonfuls ( sug>1 two teaspoonfuls vanilla1 "o-half cup ( currant jelly4 ,heat ! milk to scald+1 b n boil+4 ,beat ! yolks1 /ir into !m ! sug> & p\r ^u !m gradually1 mix+ well a cup ( hot milk4 ,return to saucepan & boil until x beg9s to ?ick54 ,p\r into glass di%4 ,heap ^u ! top m]+ue ( :ites :ipp$ v /iff1 into :i* y h beat5 ! jelly1 a teaspoonful at a "t4 ,s]ve ice cold4 ,,blanc ,,mange4--,sweet5 "o qu>t ( cream & flavor to suit ! ta/e4 ,dissolve "o tablespoon ( gelat9e 9 hot wat] & p\r into ! cream4 ,set on ice & s]ve ) :ipp$ cream4 ,,corn ,,/>* ,,blanc ,,mange4--,dissolve ?ree tablespoonfuls ( corn />* 9 "o p9t ( milk4 ,add ?ree teaspoonfuls ( sug> & ?ree beat5 eggs4 ,put ?is mixture into a p9t ( boil+ milk4 ,flavor to ta/e4 ,p\r into cup4 ,s]ve ) jelly & :ipp$ cream4 ,,velvet ,,blanc ,,mange4--,two cups ( sweet cream4 ,"o-half cup ( gelat9e dissolv$ 9 hot wat]4 ,"o-half cup ( p[d]$ sug>4 ,"o small glass ( :ite w9e4 ,flavor ) almond extract4 ,boil cream1 sug> & gelat9e until x is smoo?1 !n take x f ! fire & flavor by add+ ! w9e la/4 ,/ir well & put 9 fancy m\ld on ice4 ,s]ve ) cream4 ,,lemon ,,jelly4--,to a package ( gelat9e add "o p9t ( cold wat] & ! juice ( f\r lemons4 ,9 an h\r x w be suffici5tly dissolv$ to add a p9t ( boil+ wat] & ?ree scant cups ( sug>4 ,let x j come to a boil4 ,/ra9 ?r\gh *eese clo? into fancy m\lds4 ,set on ice1 & s]ve ) ri* cream4 ,,/rawb]ry ,,ice4--,cru% ?ree qu>ts ( /rawb]ries ) two & "o-half p\nds ( sug>4 ,let !m /& an h\r4 ,squeeze ?r\gh a /ra9+ bag4 ,add an equal am\nt ( wat] to ! juice1 & :5 half froz5 add ! beat5 :ites ( ?ree eggs4 ,any juicy fruit may be prep>$ 9 ! same mann]1 currants & raspb]ries be+ especially good4 ,,sn[ ,,pudd+4--,dissolve 9 "o p9t ( boil+ wat] half a box ( good gelat9e4 ,:5 cold add juice ( "o lemon & small cup ( sug>4 ,/ra9 well & add ! well beat5 :ites ( ?ree eggs4 ,mix well & p\r into m\ld4 ,:5 ice-cold s]ve ) a cu/>d made ( ! yolks ( eggs & a p9t ( cream or milk4 ,sweet5 & flavor to ta/e4 ,,ic$ ,,bev]ages4 ,,ic$ ,,c(fee4--,"o qu>t ( /rong c(fee1 "o qu>t ( cream1 "o & ?ree-f\r?s ( a p9t ( granulat$ sug>4 ,freeze4 ,,ic$ ,,teas are n[ s]v$ to consid]able ext5t dur+ w>m wea!r4 ,!y are us$ )\t milk1 & ! addition ( sug> s]ves only to de/roy ! f9] tea flavor4 ,x may be prep>$ e>ly 9 ! day1 tak+ c>e to make x /rong] ?an :5 s]v$ hot4 ,place 9 refrig]ator1 & :5 ready to s]ve1 h cru%$ ice 9 ! tumbl]s1 :i* are nic] = ! purpose ?an cups1 z ! tea looks pretty p\r$ ?r\gh ! ice4 ,,lemonade4--,juice ( half a lemon to ea* goblet ( wat]4 ,sweet5 to ta/e & p\r ov] cru%$ ice4 ,,jelly ,,wat]4--,s\r jellies dissolv$ 9 wat] make delici\s dr9ks = fev] pati5ts4 ,be/ always to boil ! jelly 9 wat]1 !n cool4 ,9 ?is way ! jelly does n become lumpy4 ,a ,,cool+ ,,dr9k4--,p\r ?ree qu>ts ( wat] on an ounce ( cream ( t>t>4 ,/ir 9 x ! juice ( a fre% lemon & ! peel cut 9 v ?9 /rips )\t a p>ticle ( pulp4 ,sweet5 to ta/e4 ,let /& till cold & cle>4 ,p\r (f )\t di/urb+ s$im5t at ! bottom4 ,a tumbl]ful ic$ is a pleasant & heal?ful bev]age = a w>m day4 ,,egg ,,lemonade4--,:ite ( an egg1 juice ( "o lemon1 "o tablespoonful sug>1 "o tumbl] ( wat]4 ,beat well toge!r4 ,s]ve cold4 ,,gum ,,arabic ,,wat]4--,"o teaspoonful gum arabic4 ,"o tumbl] cold wat]4 ,all[ x to /& long en\gh to dissolve4 ,flavor ) jelly1 lemon1 or any fruit syrup4 ,,sago ,,milk4--,?ree tablespoonfuls sago1 soak$ 9 a cup ( cold wat] "o h\r4 ,add ?ree cups ( boil+ milk4 ,sweet5 & flavor to suit ta/e4 ,simm] sl[ly half an h\r4 ,eat w>m4 ,tapioca milk is prep>$ 9 ! same mann]4 ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations4 ,fig4 ,page4 #a4 ,cle>+-(f scrap] #ag #b1c1d4 ,sn[ scoop scrap]s #ah #e4 ,ice aug] #bj #f4 ,measure #bj #g4 ,tapp+ axe #bj #h4 ,field plan] #ba #i4 ,m>k]1 ) sw+ guide #bb #aj4 ,field pl[ #bb #aa4 ,sw+ guide pl[s #bb #ab4 ,h& pl[ #bd #ac4 ,pl[ rope #bd #ad4 ,l9e m>k] #bd #ae4 ,braces = *annel ) swift curr5t #bf #af4 ,brace = sl[ curr5t #bg #ag4 ,be/ ca/ /eel ice saws #bh #ah4 ,two-prong =k b> #bh #ai4 ,?ree-prong =k b> #bh #bj4 ,f\r-prong b> #bh #ba4 ,calk+ b> #bh #bb4 ,break+ b> #bh #bc4 ,ice hooks #ca #bd4 ,elevator fe$+ =k #ca #be4 ,*a9 scoop net #ca #bf4 ,sieve %ovel #ca #bg4 ,r+ h&le splitt+ *isel #ca #bh4 ,*annel hook *isel #ca #bi4 ,ne$le b> #ca #cj4 ,too!d trimm] b>s1 iron h&le #cc #ca4 ,too!d trimm] b>s #cc #cb4 ,jack grapple #cc #cc4 ,h&le grapple #cc #cd4 ,*annel grapple #cc #ce4 ,wood5 skid1 ,no4 #a #cf #cf4 ,wood5 skid1 ,no4 #b #cf #cg4 ,wagon & load+ tongs #cf #ch4 ,pack+ *isel #cf #ci4 ,pack+ *isel #cf #dj4 ,hoi/+ tongs #ch #da4 ,drag tongs #ch #db4 ,edg+ tongs #ch #dc4 ,ice adze #ch #dd1 #de4 ,int]ior view ( old /yle ice cell> #dd #df-di4 ,mod]n ice pit #dd1 #df1 #dh #ej4 ,section ( elevator incl9e & plat=m conveyors #ej #ea4 ,elevation ( plat=m along tracks = load+ c>s #eb #eb4 ,section ( load+ plat=ms #eb #ec4 ,hoi/+ gigs & rev]s+ eng9es #ed #ed4 ,h\se ice saw #eg #ee4 ,rais+ *isel b> #eg #ef4 ,/rik+-"u b> #eg #eg4 ,dunnage %ovel #eg #eh4 ,l[]+ gig & track #ei #ei4 ,a popul> ice wagon #fa #fj4 ,ano!r ice wagon #fa #fa4 ,sample deliv]y ice wagon #fd #fb4 ,wagon scale #ff #fc4 ,ice %ave #ff #fd4 ,wagon axe #ff #fe4 ,wagon saw #ff #ff4 ,wagon ice tongs #ff #fg4 ,gr\nd floor #fh #fh4 ,section ( h\se #fi #fi4 ,section ( wall #fi #gj4 ,ext]ior view ( cold /orage h\se #gj #ga4 ,section view ( comb9$ ice h\se & dairy #gj #gb4 ,p]spective view ( cream]y #gb #gc4 ,gr\nd plan ( cream]y #gb #gd4 ,cold /orage h\se comb9$ ) dairy #gd #ge4 ,section ( refrig]at+ tank #ge #gf4 ,section view ( cold /orage h\se & dairy #gf #gg4 ,gr\nd plan ( freez+ tank & b5* #gg #gh4 ,end view ( freez+ tank #gg #gi-ha4 ,sugge/ions = *eap ice h\ses #gh #hb4 ,b>n-corn] ice h\se #gi #hc4 ,a load+ plat=m #ha #hd4 ,embankm5t plat=m #ha #he1 #hf4 ,lifts = load+ ice into sl$s #ha #hg4 ,a *eap ice scrap] #hb #hh4 ,a fruit ret>d+ h\se 9 ,florida1 :i* uses refrig]at+ ma*9]y #hi #hi4 ,p]spective view ( fruit cell> #ig #ij4 ,cross section ( fruit cell> #ih #ia4 ,p]spective view ( fruit h\se #ii #ib4 ,section ( floor & ceil+ #ajj #ic4 ,ice cru%+ ma*9e #aje #id4 ,a p[] ice cru%] #aaa ,,index4 ,artificial ice & cold air ma*9es #dh-ia ,air ma*9es #hh ,ext5t ( artificial refrig]ation #ij ,fruit /orage plant at ,waldo1 ,fla4 #hh ,hi/orical sket* #hd1 #he ,late/ inv5tions1 ! #hh ,pr9ciples ( ice ma*9es #he1 #hf ,sy/ems employ$ #hf1 #hg ,uses ( #ij1 #ia ,c>e1 h&l+ & m>ket+ ( crop #ef-fc ,c>e ( ice 9 h\ses #ef ,c\pon tickets1 use ( #fb ,l[]+ ice f h\se #eh ,m>ket+ #fj ,pack+ ice = %ipm5t #eh1 #fj ,tak+ out ice f h\se #eh ,v5tilators1 h[ to use #da1 #ef1 #eh ,wa/+ ( ice1 causes & prev5tatives #ef ,cold /orage #fc-hf ,con/ruction ( h\se = #fc ,co-op]ation1 b5efits ( #gh ,ext5t & b5efits ( #fc1 #fd ,pres]vative p[] = v>i\s articles1 ext5t ( #fe ,pr9ciples ( #fg ,temp]ature1 v>iation ( #fe ,use ( #fd1 #fg ,cold /orage ice h\se 7see also 8,ret>d+ h\se10 & 8,/orage cell>s10 & 8,pack+ h\se073 ,b>n corn] ice h\se #gi ,*eap ice h\se #gg ,comb9$ dairy1 cold /orage & ice h\se #gb1 #gc ,con/ruction ( #fc1 #fg1 #fh ,co/ ( ice 9 h\se #hj ,cream]y ice h\se #ga1 #gb ,floor1 be/ con/ruction ( #gc ,freez+ room #gc ,g5]al arrangem5t ( #fi ,load+ plat=m #hj ,milk room #gc ,pr9ciples employ$ #fg ,sample h\se describ$ #ga ,size ( rooms #gc ,silo z an ice h\se #gg ,tanks #ge ,temp]ature consid]$ 9 remov+ fruit f #aja ,tools requir$ 9 /[+ ice #hj ,v5tilators #fh ,walls consid]$1 v>i\s #fh1 #fi ,con/ruction ( comm]cial ice h\ses #dc-ee ,con/ruction1 details ( #dg-ed ,developm5t ( ! mod]n ice h\se #dc1 #dd ,e>lie/ =ms ( ice /orage #dc ,site = #dd1 #de ,survey & f\ndation #de-dg ,con/ruction ( ice h\se1 details ( #dg-ed ,air spaces #dg ,*a9s1 ov]-%ot & "u-%ot #ee ,eng9e #ee ,floor #ec ,lightn+ rods1 use ( #ea ,lumb] requir$1 dim5sions ( #dg ,plat=ms = load+ c>s #ec ,po/s1 inside & out #dg1 #di ,ro(1 a good con/ruction = #di ,sills1 inside & out #dg ,/udd+1 ma9 out] & inn] #dg ,v5tilators #ea1 #fh ,walls & p>titions #di ,cont5ts1 table ( #aae ,co-op]ation1 h[ be/ practic$ #gi ,co-op]ation 9 ice-cutt+ & cold /orage #gh ,cream]y ice h\se #ga1 #gb ,cutt+ & /or+ ice #ad-db1 #hc ,calk+ b>1 use ( ! #bg ,c>e ( ice fields #ae1 #hc ,c>e ( tools #cb-ce ,*annels & canals #be1 #hc ,*annels1 e>ly "w on ! #bi ,clos+ & c>+ = ! h\se #da1 #db ,condition ( field at quitt+ "t #bi ,cracks 9 ! ice #bf ,dang] signals #bc ,floats1 h[ to h&le #bg ,flood+1 use ( #ag ,h>ve/+1 dang] ( delay 9 #bj ,h>ve/+ outfit #bj-bc ,h\s+ ! crop #bi-cb1 #ce-ch ,inspection ( field #bj1 #bc ,lay+ out ice field #bc ,m>k+ & pl[+ #bc-be ,op5+ up ! field #bf ,pack+ ice 9 ! h\se #cg-da ,pl[+1 results ( delay 9 #cd ,pl[+1 process ( #hc ,refuse ice #bc ,sci5ce ( ice =mation #ad1 #ae ,%ipp+ f ! field #db ,sn[1 removal ( #ag1 #ba ,sn[ scrap]s #ag1 #ah ,tapp+ ! field dur+ a ?aw #ai ,?ickness ( ice #ba ,tool room & fitt+s #ce ,w9dr[s1 h[ be/ di/ribut$ #ai ,dairy1 cold /orage & ice h\se1 comb9$ #gb1 #gc ,freez+ h\se1 a #gc ,h>ve/+ 7see cutt+ & /or+7 ,hi/orical sket*1 an #g-aa ,dome/ic & export trade #g ,export trade1 height ( #g ,ext5t ( ice indu/ry #i ,home ( ! indu/ry #i ,me?ods = secur+1 developm5t ( #h ,mod]n ice h>ve/1 p5 picture ( #aj ,orig9 ( bus9ess 9 ,unit$ ,/ates #g ,pres]v+ or antiseptic p[]s ( ice #i ,uses ( ice1 gr[+ #h ,h\se1 clos+ & c>+ = ! #da-db ,sawdu/ or mill %av+s1 h[ us$ #da ,tools1 inspection ( #da-db ,v5tilation #da1 #ef1 #eh ,h\s+ ! ice #bi-cb ,discipl9e on ! field1 value ( #cb ,me?ods employ$1 v>i\s #bi1 #ce ,pref]able "t =1 ! #ce ,protection at sides ( *annel1 necessity = #cj ,runs1 or skids1 h[ arrang$ #cg1 #dj ,s]i\s accid5ts1 h[ prev5t$ #cb ,/[+1 process ( #cg1 #ci ,wat] box1 use ( #cj ,ic$ bev]ages3 ,c(fee1 cool+ dr9k1 gum arabic wat]1 jelly wat]1 lemonade1 sago milk1 tea #aad ,ice creams & ices #ajb-ajg ,almond #ajf ,br[n bread #ajc ,*ocolate #ajd ,c9namon #ajf ,c(fee #aje ,cocoanut #ajc ,fig #ajd ,g5]al directions = mak+ #ajb ,neapolitan #aje ,new ,york #ajd ,orange #ajf ,pea* #ajf ,/rawb]ry #ajc ,swan's d[n #ajf ,tapioca #ajf ,tea #aje ,vanilla #ajc1 #ajf ,walnut #aje ,ic$ di%es #ajg-aad ,biscuit glace #aaj ,blackb]ry ice #aab ,blanc mange #aaa-aac ,bombe glace #aaj ,*]ry ice #aab ,currant %]bet #aji ,cu/>ds #aab ,froz5 apricots #aji ,froz5 pea*es #aji ,froz5 pudd+ #ajg ,froz5 raspb]ries #aji ,froz5 /rawb]ries #aji ,glace m]+ue #aaj ,lemon ice #ajg ,lemon jelly #aac ,lemon %]bet #ajh ,mac>oni cu/>d #aab ,nesselrode pudd+ #ajg ,orange %]bet #ajh ,p9eapple %]bet #ajh ,p9eapple wat] ice #aab ,raspb]ry ice #aab ,raspb]ry %]bet #aji ,sn[ pudd+ #aac ,/rawb]ry ice #aac ,/rawb]ry %]bet #ajh ,tutti frutti #ajg ,ic$ food & bev]ages #aja-aad ,ic$ bev]ages #aad ,ice creams & ices #ajb-ajg ,ic$ di%es #ajg-aad ,ice field1 c>e ( #ae1 #hc ,ice h\ses1 b>n corn] #gi ,*eap #gg ,cold /orage #fc1 #fg1 #fh1 #fi1 #ga1 #gb1 #gc ,comm]cial #dc-ee ,cream]y #ga1 #gb ,dairy & cold /orage comb9$ #gb1 #gc ,silo #gg ,ice 9 transportation #ia-if ,fi%]ies1 ice 9 ! #ie ,ocean transportation #id-ie ,refrig]ator c>s #ia1 #ib ,refrig]ator vessels #id ,value ( #id ,ice ma*9es1 ,pr9ciples ( #he-hf ,indu/ry1 ! ice #g-aj ,ext5t ( #g1 #i ,home ( #i ,orig9 ( 9 ,unit$ ,/ates #g ,laws = protection ( crop #aa ,reg>d+ prohibition ( cutt+ on pollut$ /reams #aa ,public vs4 private own]%ip ( ice fields #ab ,legal & sanit>y matt]s #aa-ad ,gravel z a b$ = ice ponds1 use ( #ab ,laws = protection ( crop #aa ,pres]vation ( purity ( /reams & lakes #aa ,purity ( crop1 h[ ma9ta9$ #aa ,m>ket+ ice #fj ,own]%ip ( ice fields1 public vs4 private #ab ,pack+ h\se1 a cold #ih-aja ,con/ruction ( #ii-aja ,temp]ature consid]$ 9 remov+ fruit f #aja ,use = on l>ge f>ms #ih1 #ii ,pack+ ice = %ipm5t #eh ,pack+ 9 ! h\se #cg-da ,me?ods employ$1 v>i\s #ch ,me?od1 a good #ch1 #ci ,quantity pack$ dep5d5t on arrangem5t #ch ,runs1 arrangem5t ( outside & 9 #cg-dj ,preface #e ,purity1 conditions ( #aa1 #bc ,%ipp+ ice f field #db ,refrig]ator c>s #ia-id ,con/ruction #ia-ic ,ic+ #ic ,v5tilat+ #ic ,refrig]ator vessels #id1 #ie ,ext5t ( traffic ?r\gh #id1 #ie ,temp]ature1 h[ regulat$ #id ,v5tilation ( #ie ,ret>d+ cell>s & h\ses #if-aja ,caves = /orage #if ,cell>s )\t ice #ig ,site = con/ruct+ ice h\se 7see also 8,cold /orage ice h\se07 #dd1 #de ,accessibility f wat] & l& #dd ,arrangem5t ( h\se det]m9$ by lay ( l& #de ,good site dep5d5t on :at #de ,h[ to select #de ,transportation facilities consid]$ #de ,sn[1 usefulness ( #af ,s\rces ( ice supply #aa-ad ,artificial #ac1 #hd-ia ,lakes f$ by /reams #aa ,purity ( comp>$ #aa1 #ab ,runn+ /reams #aa ,/orage cell>s1 con/ruction ( #ig1 #ih ,/reams1 *ang+ ! c\rse ( #ac ,/r5g? ( ice #fb ,survey & f\ndation = h\se #de-dg ,dra9age1 ! value ( #de ,f\ndations1 ext5t ( #de ,importance ( survey #de ,incl9$ ways1 use & con/ruction ( #ed ,life ( h\se1 h[ ext5d$ #de ,tool room & fitt+s #ce ,tools1 c>e ( #cb-ce1 #da-db ,elevator ma*9]y repair+ #da ,eng9e & its p>ts #db ,good vs4 inf]ior tools #cb ,inspection ( aft] use #da ,pl[s1 h[ (t5 r5d]$ useless #cd ,pl[s1 ! be/ #cd ,repair+1 ! be/ "t = #cd ,repair+ tools requir$ #cd ,saws1 h[ to c>e = #cb ,/or+ room #ce ,uses ( ice 9 refrig]ation 7see also 8,cold /orage07 ,cold /orage1 ext5t & b5efits ( #fc ,decay ( fruits prev5t$ #fg ,fruits1 meats & vegetables1 pres]vation ( #fe1 #fg ,p\ltry1 h[ be/ pres]v$ #gc ,uses ( ice1 ! gr[+ #h1 #fd ,v5tilators1 con/ruction ( #ea1 #fh ,use ( #da1 #ef1 #eh1 #fh ,wa/+ ( ice 9 h\se1 causes & prev5tives #ef ,weight ( ice #fb ,transcrib]'s ,notes ,punctuation1 hyph5ation1 & spell+ 7 made consi/5t :5 a pr$om9ant pref]5ce 0 f\nd 9 ! orig9al book or ! *ange did n affect ! mean+ ( ! text4 ,simple typographical errors 7 correct$2 unbalanc$ quotation m>ks 7 rem$i$ :5 ! *ange 0 obvi\s1 & o!rwise left unbalanc$4 ,illu/rations 9 ?is e,book h be5 position$ betwe5 p>agraphs & outside quotations4 ,9 v]sions ( ?is e,book t support hyp]l9ks1 ! page ref]5ces 9 ! ,li/ ( ,illu/rations lead to ! correspond+ illu/rations4 ,page #cj3 8,pages #jj-jj0 0 pr9t$ t way4 ,! index 0 n *eck$ = prop] alphabetization or correct page ref]5ces4 ,"s page ref]5ces & sequ5ce errors 9 ! ,li/ ( ,illu/ration 7 correct$ by ,transcrib]4