,illustration                           
,,emblems                               
,,of                                    
,,mortality2                            
,,representing1                         
,,in ,,upwards ,,of ,,fifty ,,cuts1     
,,death                        ,,seizing
 ,,all ,,ranks ,,and ,,degrees          
,,of ,,people2                 ,imitated
 from a ,painting in the ,cemetery of   
the                ,dominican ,church at
 ,,basil1 in ,switzerland3              
,with an ,,apostrophe to each1          
translated from the                     
,latin and ,french4                     
,intended as well for the ,information  
of the ,,curious1               as the  
,instruction and ,entertainment of      
,,youth4                                
,,to ,,which ,,is ,,prefixed            
,a copious ,,preface1 containing an     
historical ,account             of the  
above1 and other ,paintings on this     
,subject1              now or lately    
existing in divers ,parts of ,europe4   

,,london3                 ,printed for  
,t4 ,,hodgson1 in ,george's-,court1     
,st4 ,john's-,lane1 ,clerkenwell4       
,m ,,dcc ,,lxxxix4          ,,preface4  
,the ,work here presented to the ,reader
 is a ,copy1 with a small ,variation    
noticed hereafter1 as to the ,cuts1 and 
a ,translation1 as to the ,letter       
,press1 of one well known to the        
,curious by the ,title of ,,imagines    
,,mortis1  or ,the ,images of ,death2   
which is reported to be in reality      
indebted for  its ,existence to an      
,event that ,,boccace did but feign as  
the ,occasion of  writing his           
,decameron2 ,i mean the ,calamity of a  
,plague3 ,and its ,history  is as       
follows4    ,pope ,,eugenius ,,iv4      
having summoned a ,council to meet at   
the ,city of ,basle1  or1 as it is more 
usually called1 ,basil1 in ,switzerland2
 it accordingly  met there in the ,year 
#adca1 and continued to sit for         
,seventeen ,years1  ,nine ,months1 and  
,twenty-,seven ,days1 or1 according to  

,mr4 ,,walpole#a1 but  ,fifteen ,years  
in the whole2 and at this ,council the  
,pope himself1 and  after his ,death his
 ,successor ,,felix ,v4 ,,sigismond     
,emperor of ,germany1  ,,albert ,,ii4   
then ,king of the ,romans1 and many     
other ,princes and ,persons  of         
distinguished ,rank were present4       
,during the ,sitting of this ,council1  
viz4 in the ,year #adci1 the ,city of   
,basil was visited with a ,plague1      
which raged for some ,time with extreme 
,violence1 and carried off many  of the 
,nobility1 and several ,cardinals and   
,prelates who attended that  ,council1  
some of whom were interred in the very  
,cemetery where the  ,painting1 of which
 we are about to speak1 now is2 and1 on 
the ,cessation  of the ,distemper1 the  
surviving ,members of the ,council1 with
 a ,view  to perpetuate the ,memory of  
this ,event1 and of their providential  
,deliverance from its ,effects1 caused  
to be painted in ,oil on the ,walls  of 
the ,cemetery1 near the ,convent of the 

,dominicans1 a ,dance of ,death1        
representing all ,ranks of ,persons1    
from the ,pope to the ,peasant1 as      
individually seized by ,death2 adding   
also to each ,figure eight ,lines in    
,german1 four of them containing an     
,address from ,death to them severally1 
the other four their ,reply4 ,the ,name 
of the ,painter employed on this        
,occasion has not been transmitted down 
to us with ,certainty2 but some         
,persons have imagined that this        
,painting was the ,work of ,,hans       
,,holbein3  ,whether it were done by him
 or another1 shall be hereafter         
considered2  but1 in the mean ,time1 we 
shall here proceed to relate the        
subsequent  ,history of the ,painting   
itself4    ,it is1 however1 to be       
observed1 that ,,matthew ,,merian1 who1 
in #afdi1  published in ,german1 at     
,franckfort1 in small ,quarto1 a ,book  
entitled  ,,todten ,,tanz1 or ,death's  
,dance1 containing ,engravings from the 
above-mentioned ,painting#b1 and from   

the ,preface to whose ,work1 as         
translated into ,french1 in an ,edition 
printed at ,basil in #agdd1 most of  the
 foregoing ,facts are extracted1 does   
not speak in positive ,terms as to  the 
precise ,time when the original ,figures
 were painted1 but only says1  that they
 are believed1 and with great           
,probability1 to be of that ,time  in   
which he had placed them2 in further    
,confirmation of which he has  noticed1 
that ,,sigismond was himself a ,lover   
and extraordinary ,patron of  the ,arts1
 and had always about him a ,number of  
,artists2 and that ,,john  ,,ab ,,eyck1 
the ,inventor of ,oil ,painting1        
flourished in his ,reign2 but ,mr4      
,,warton#c has related 7though it does  
not appear on what ,authority7 not  only
 that ,,holbein was the ,painter1 but   
that the ,subject in ,question was      
painted in #aedc2 in which ,i conceive  
him misinformed3 ,for ,,merian was1 as  
he himself tells us1 a ,native of       
,basil1 and possibly might have had his 

,account by ,tradition2 and1 had the    
,painting been of no earlier a ,date    
than #aedc1 it is hardly probable       
7considering too that it is in ,oil7    
that it should have been so much injured
 by ,time as to stand in ,need1 as  we  
find it did1 of an almost total ,repair 
in #aefh3 ,to all which ,i add1  that   
,,merian seems so well satisfied of the 
,truth of his ,account1 that he  tells  
us further that the ,figures were drawn 
from ,nature1 and are dressed  each in  
the ,habit of the ,time2 and that those 
of the ,pope1 ,emperor1 and  ,king1 are 
respectively ,portraits of ,,felix ,v4  
who succeeded ,,eugenius ,,iv41         
,,sigismond ,emperor of ,germany1 and   
,,albert ,,ii41 ,king of the ,romans2   
all of  whom1 as we have before         
remarked1 were present at the ,council4 
,mr4 ,,walpole#d mentions that this     
,painting was repaired in #aebi2 but  in
 this he seems to have been misled      
7accidentally taking one ,date  instead 
of another7 by a ,passage in the        

,preface to ,,merian's ,book before     
cited4 ,,merian informs us1 that the    
,painting in ,question having been much 
injured by ,time1 ,,john ,,hugh         
,,klauber1 a ,painter1 and ,citizen of  
,basil1  was1 in #aefh1 employed to     
repair it2 and that1 finding a ,vacancy 
on the  ,wall sufficient for his        
,purpose1 he added at the ,head of the  
,painting  a ,portrait of ,,johannes    
,,oecolompadius1 in ,memory of the      
,reformation in  #aebi1 to which his    
preaching the ,gospel to all ,ranks1 as 
he did1 might  be supposed in some small
 ,degree to contribute2 and1 at the ,end
 of the  ,painting1 on another ,part of 
the ,wall1 he added the ,portraits of   
himself1  his ,wife1 and his ,children3 
,and this ,repair by ,,klauber1 ,,merian
 tells us  further1 was commemorated in 
a ,latin ,tablet1 which in his ,time    
hung near  the ,painting4 ,some ,time   
after1 it was again repaired1 and so1   
without  any further ,repair1 it        
continued till ,,merian's ,time2 but    

,,keysler1 who  visited it in #agbi1 in 
his ,travels1 ,vol4 ,i4 ,p4 #aga1 ,edit4
 #hvo4 #agfj1  relates1 that the        
original ,colours were then totally     
effaced1 that only  the ,outlines of the
 ,figures were left1 and that it had    
then been lately  repaired4    ,the     
,thought of this allegorical            
,representation of ,death1 though in the
  present ,instance immediately         
suggested by the ,event above related1  
was  not in itself original1 but        
borrowed in some ,measure from a ,kind  
of  ,masquerade1 which ,mr4 ,,warton#e  
observes was anciently celebrated in    
the ,churches abroad1 particularly those
 of ,france 7and1 among others1  it     
seems to have been performed in ,st4    
,innocent's ,church at ,paris7  and in  
which all ,ranks and ,degrees of        
,persons were personated by the         
,ecclesiastics of those ,churches1 who  
all danced together1 and then           
disappeared2 and it is certain that     
before the ,calamity above-mentioned    

happened at ,basil1 and consequently    
before this ,painting there was begun1  
,allusions to a ,dance of ,death        
occurred in the ,writings of the        
,authors  of the ,time1 in ,reference1  
no ,doubt1 to that ,kind of ,masquerade4
 ,it were  needless to introduce a      
,number of ,quotations to support this  
,assertion2  but as some ,proof may1    
perhaps1 be expected1 ,i here insert    
from ,the  ,vision of ,,piers ,,plowman1
 written about #acej1 the following     
,passage1 with  which ,mr4 ,,warton's   
,hist4 of ,poetry1 ,vol4 ,,ii4 ,p4 #ed1 
has furnished me3        8,death came   
driving after1 and all to ,dust pash'd  
,kings and ,csars1 ,knights and ,popes40
    ,and ,i further find that1 several  
,years prior to the ,breaking out of    
this  ,plague at ,basil1 the ,idea had  
even been carried into ,execution2 for  
that  in #achd1 a ,death's ,dance had   
been painted at ,minden1 in             
,westphalia#f3  ,but1 no sooner had this
 ,painting at ,basil been finished1 and 

become1 as  it very soon after did1     
universally celebrated all over ,europe1
 but the  ,dance of ,death became a very
 favourite ,subject1 and was frequently 
painted in public ,buildings4 ,the      
earliest ,instance which has yet        
occurred1 subsequent to the ,painting at
 ,basil1 is one which ,mr4 ,,warton#g   
mentions at ,lubec1 in the ,portico of  
,st4 ,mary's ,church1 painted in #adfc2 
and of which ,dr4 ,,nugent1 in his      
,travels1 ,vol4 ,i4 ,p4 #ajb1 speaking  
of  ,lubec1 gives the following         
,account3    8,but the most noted ,thing
 in ,st4 ,mary's ,church is the         
,painting called  ,death's ,dance1 so   
much talked of in all ,parts of         
,germany4 ,it was  originally drawn in  
#adfc1 but the ,figures were repaired at
 different  ,times1 as in #aehh1 #afdb1 
and last of all in #agja4 ,here you see 
the  ,representation of ,death leading  
an ,emperor in his imperial ,robes1 who 
with his other ,hand takes hold of such 
another ,figure1 which leads up a       

,king2 and so alternately a ,figure of  
,death and a human ,person through all  
,conditions and ,stages of ,life4 ,the  
,intention of the ,artist was to shew   
that ,death pays no ,regard to ,age or  
,condition1 which is more particularly  
expressed in the ,verses underneath4    
,they were composed at first in ,plat   
,deutch1 or ,low ,dutch2 but at the last
 ,repair1 in #agja1 it was thought      
proper to change them for ,german       
,verses1 which were written by          
,,nathaniel  ,,schlott1 of ,dantzick40  
,of these ,verses ,dr4 ,,nugent has     
inserted a  ,translation from the       
original ,german1 by a ,lady of         
,dantzick1 from which  it appears that  
the ,originals consist of1 first1 an    
,apostrophe of ,death  to all1 and then 
an ,address of ,death to one            
,individual2 then follows  his ,reply2  
after that1 ,death's ,address to        
another2 next1 his ,reply2 and  so on4  
,it further appears from the            
,translation1 that the ,characters      

delineated in the ,painting are the     
following3 ,the ,pope1 ,emperor1        
,empress1 ,cardinal1 ,king1 ,bishop1    
,general1 ,abb1 ,knight1 ,carthusian1   
,burgomaster1 ,prebendary1 ,nobleman1   
,physician1 ,usurer1 ,chaplain1         
,steward1  ,church-,warden1 ,tradesman1 
,recluse1 ,peasant1 ,young ,man1        
,maiden1 ,infant1  ,dancing-,master1 and
 ,fencing-,master4    ,in ,addition to  
this ,instance we learn1 that1 in the   
,reign of ,henry the  ,sixth1 one       
,,jenken ,,carpenter caused to be       
painted at his ,expence on the  ,walls  
of the ,cloister of ,st4 ,paul's        
,cathedral1 ,london#h1 the ,dance of    
,,machabray1 or ,dance of ,death#i2 and 
it is more than probable that  the      
celebrated ,painting of the same ,kind  
in ,st4 ,innocent's ,church1 in  ,paris1
 in like ,manner owes its ,original to  
the ,painting at ,basil4    ,nor are    
these the only ,instances in which this 
,subject has been chosen  for the       
,decoration of ,buildings2 for in #aebe 

it was painted at ,annaberg1  and in    
#aecd1 in the ,castle or ,palace at     
,dresden2 as it also was1 though  when  
is unknown1 at ,leipsic and other       
,places#aj4    ,the same ,inclination in
 ,favour of this ,subject began also1   
very soon  after the ,painting in       
,question was known1 to discover itself 
in literary  ,publications1 and in the  
,decorations and ,ornaments of ,books4  
,one ,,macaber1  a ,french or ,german   
,poet1 but of what ra is uncertain1     
wrote in ,german  a ,poem on the        
,subject of ,death's ,dance1 which1 in  
,consequence of this  ,circumstance1 is 
not seldom from him called ,the ,dance  
of ,,macaber#aa4  ,his ,verses were     
translated into ,french1 and written    
round the ,cloister  of ,st4            
,innocent's1 at ,paris1 under1 as ,i    
conceive1 the before-mentioned          
,painting2 and from this ,french        
,translation1 ,,lydgate1 at the ,request
  of the ,dean and ,chapter of ,st4     
,paul's#ab1 made a ,version1 which was  

afterwards inscribed on the ,walls of   
their ,church1 under the ,painting of   
the same ,subject4    ,it would be an   
endless ,task1 and afford but little    
,entertainment to the  ,reader1 to      
reckon up here a long ,list of ,books in
 which the ,subject has  been           
reiterated3 ,we shall therefore content 
ourselves with mentioning  that it      
appeared in the ,chronicle of           
,,hartmannus ,,schedelius1 printed at   
,nuremberg in #adic1 ,folio#ac1 usually 
called the ,nuremberg ,chronicle2 in    
the ,quotidian ,offices of the ,church1 
printed at ,paris1 #aeae1 in #hvo#ad2   
in several ,hor1 ,missals1 c4 and even  
so late as in ,a ,book of ,christian    
,prayers1 collected out of the ancient  
,writers and best learned of our  ,time1
 first printed in #dto4 #aefi1 and      
afterwards in the same ,size in  #afjh2 
and that1 in ,addition to all these and 
others which might be  mentioned1 the   
,painting at ,basil was the ,cause of   
the ,publication of the  ,,imagines     

,,mortis1 from which the present is     
copied and translated1 and  of which    
therefore it will be necessary here to  
give an ,account2 first  observing1 that
 the ,excellence of the ,cuts in the    
,original1 which are  here also copied  
with sufficient ,fidelity1 has induced  
an ,opinion that  they were the ,work of
 ,,holbein1 a ,fact which we mean       
hereafter to inquire  into4             
,,papillon1 in his ,trait historique et 
pratique de la ,gravure en ,bois1  #hvo4
 #agff1 ,tom4 ,i4 ,p4 #aff1 informs us1 
that ,,holbein1 having arrived to a     
great ,degree of ,perfection in         
,painting1 was employed by a ,magistrate
 of  ,basil to paint a ,dance of ,death 
in the ,fish-,market of that ,city1 near
 a  ,cemetery 7by which he undoubtedly  
means the ,painting at ,basil1 of which 
we have so often had ,occasion to       
speak72 that this ,work added much to   
his  ,reputation2 after which he        
employed his ,skill in reducing the     
original  ,figures into a small ,size2  

and that he afterwards engraved them    
upon  ,wood1 with a ,delicacy and       
,beauty not to be equalled4 ,but        
unfortunately  ,,papillon here speaks   
without sufficient ,attention2 for the  
,painting at  ,basil1 as may be learnt  
from ,,merian's ,engravings before      
mentioned1 and  on the ,accuracy of     
which ,i am assured by an ingenious     
,friend1 who lately  examined them with 
the ,originals1 ,i may rely1 consists of
 single ,figures1  each led by a ,figure
 of ,death1 and following each other in 
order1 so  as to form a long            
,procession3 ,the same may be remarked  
of the ,painting  at ,st4 ,,paul's2 and1
 for aught that appears to the contrary1
 of that at  ,lubec1 and of that at ,st4
 ,innocent's ,church at ,paris1 and     
probably of all  the others which we    
have noticed above3 ,whereas the present
 ,cuts consist  of separate             
,compartments1 each containing ,groupes 
of ,figures1 so that the  present ,work 
is by no means merely a ,reduction in   

,size of the ,painting at  ,basil1 but  
is rather to be considered as founded on
 the same ,idea1 and  suggested by the  
,original1 than as a ,copy from it4     
,the earliest ,edition of the ,,imagines
 ,,mortis which ,i have as yet seen1 is 
one printed1 as appears from the        
,colophon at the ,end1 by ,,melchior and
  ,,gaspar ,,trechsel1 in small #dto4 at
 ,lyons1 in #aech3 ,it is in ,french1   
and  its ,title is as follows3 8,les    
,simulachres  ,historiees faces de la   
,mort1  autant elegamment pourtraictes1 
que artificiellement imaginees3 ,a      
,lyons1  soulz l',escu de ,cologne40    
,but ,,papillon1 in ,loco supra cit1    
tells us1  that the ,cuts to the        
,,imagines ,,mortis must have been done 
about the ,year  #aecj1 for that the    
four first of them occur among          
,,holbein's ,cuts to the  ,old          
,testament1 printed in #aeci2 and that  
it is apparent from those among  the    
,scripture ,cuts1 that the ,blocks had  
then already furnished many  ,thousands 

of ,impressions4 ,that the four first   
,cuts of the ,,imagines ,,mortis  are   
among the ,scripture ,cuts of ,,holbein1
 is certainly true2 but ,i think  ,i    
once saw1 in the ,hands of a ,friend1 a 
,copy of the vulgate ,latin ,bible1  in 
which those ,scripture ,cuts were       
inserted1 and which1 if my ,memory does 
not greatly deceive me1 was printed so  
early as in or about #aeah or #aebj4    
,the same ,author further relates1 that 
the first ,edition1 which he thinks  for
 the above ,reasons should be placed in 
the ,year #aecj1 was printed  at ,basil1
 or ,zuric1 with a ,title to each ,cut1 
and1 as he believes1 some  ,verses under
 each1 all in the ,german ,language     
7but1 that there was an  early ,edition 
in ,flemish72 and adds1 that the ,book1 
having passed over  into ,france1 was   
much sought after by the ,curious there2
 so that a  ,printer of ,lyons was      
induced to purchase the ,blocks1 and    
that from them  he printed several      
,editions in ,latin1 ,french1 and       

,italian4    ,having thus accounted for 
the ,existence of the ,book1 and for its
 ,arrival  in ,france1 it remains to    
speak of the several ,impressions which 
it  there underwent4 ,we have already   
mentioned one1 the earliest which we    
know of1 printed in small ,quarto1 at   
,lyons1 soulz l',escu de ,cologne1  by  
,,melchior and ,,gaspar ,,trechsel1 in  
#aech3 ,the ,cuts in this ,edition are  
forty-three in ,number1 and no more2 and
 over each is1 in ,latin1 a ,passage    
from either the ,old or ,new ,testament 
or ,apocrypha1 which1 in the present    
,publication1 is given in ,english1 from
 the ,translation of the ,bible now  in 
use4 ,under the ,cuts are four ,lines in
 ,french ,verse1 the ,substance of      
which has been preserved in all the     
,editions1 whether they were in ,latin1 
,french1 or ,italian4 ,this ,edition1 in
 order to make it of a tolerable ,size  
7for the ,cuts alone would have been too
 few to constitute a ,volume7 is        
accompanied with several ,tracts in     

,french1 which1 as not relating to1  or 
connected with1 our present ,subject1 we
 here forbear to enumerate2  but it is  
necessary1 before we close our ,account 
of this ,edition of  #aech1 to remark1  
that it is preceded by a ,dedication in 
,french1 to the  very ,reverend ,abbess 
of the ,religious ,convent of ,st4      
,,peter of ,lyons1  ,madam ,,jehanne    
,,de ,,touszele2 and in this ,dedication
 the ,author of it  notices1 that the   
,name and ,surname 7or1 as we term them1
 the ,christian  and ,surname7 of the   
,abbess and himself are precisely the   
same in sound1  excepting only the      
,letter ,t1 from which ,i conjecture    
7for his ,name does  not any where      
appear7 that his ,name was ,,jean1 or1  
as it was anciently  written1 ,,jehan i4
 e4 ,,john ,,de ,,ouszell1 or ,,ozell1  
as it is now usually  spelt4 ,in this   
,dedication is also a ,passage1 a       
,translation of which will  be given    
hereafter1 from which it appears that   
the ,person by whom the  ,cuts were     

designed1 was then dead1 leaving behind 
him several others of  the same ,kind1  
which1 though drawn1 were unfinished1   
and particularly one  representing a    
,waggoner crushed under his overthrown  
,waggon2 in which  ,cut1 a ,figure of   
,death is represented secretly sucking  
through a ,reed1  the ,wine out of a    
,cask2 and that to these unfinished     
,cuts no one had  dared to put the last 
,hand4    ,the next ,edition1 in ,point 
of ,time1 which ,i have seen1 ,i        
conceive  to have been the first that   
appeared in ,latin1 and it was printed  
in  ,duodecimo1 at ,lyons1 sub scuto    
,coloniensi1 by ,,john and ,,francis    
,,frellon1  in #aedb4 ,it contains the  
same ,number of ,cuts 7and no more7 as  
that of  #aech1 and is entitled1        
8,imagines de ,morte1 et ,epigrammata e 
,gallico  idiomate a ,georgio mylio in  
,latinum translata20 from whence it     
appears  that it is1 in ,fact1 a        
,translation of the ,french ,edition of 
#aech4 ,this  also contains some        

additional ,tracts1 all differing from  
those in the  ,edition of #aech1 but not
 in the least relating to the present   
,inquiry1  and therefore not here       
particularized1 though they have been   
continued  through almost all the       
subsequent ,impressions1 and have been  
given  respectively in ,french1 ,latin1 
and ,italian1 according as the ,verses  
under  the ,cuts to the ,,imagines      
,,mortis were in one or other of those  
,languages4    ,in #aedg1 another       
,edition was published of this ,book1 in
 ,french2 it was  entitled1 8,les       
,images de la ,mort10 and printed at    
,lyons1 ,a l',escu de  ,cologne1 ,chez  
,,jehan ,,frellon2 the ,title-,page also
 informs us that twelve  ,cuts are added
 to it1 and on ,examination we find that
 the ,cuts inserted  in ,page #dj1 and  
the seven subsequent ,pages of this     
,work1 and four ,cuts of  ,boys1 which1 
as not relating to this ,subject1 are in
 the present ,edition  omitted 7none of 
which occur in either the ,french       

,edition of #aech1 or  the ,latin one of
 #aedb1 the only two prior ,editions    
that ,i know of7 are to  be found in    
this of #aedgae4    ,in the same ,year1 
viz4 #aedg1 but whether prior or        
subsequent to the  last above mentioned1
 cannot be known1 another ,latin        
,edition appeared1  printed at ,lyons by
 the same ,,john ,,frellon1 and         
containing the same  increased ,number  
of ,cuts as the ,french one of the same 
,year1 that  is to say1 fifty-three in  
all2 and the same ,,john ,,frellon1 in  
#aedi1  printed an ,edition of this     
,work in ,italian and ,latin1 the       
,passages from  ,scripture over the     
,cuts being in ,latin1 and the ,verses  
under the ,cuts  in ,italian2 and this  
also contains the same ,number of ,cuts 
with the two  last-mentioned ,editions3 
,but ,,papillon1 ,p4 #afi1 remarks that 
the ,blocks1  when this ,edition of     
#aedi was printed1 had already furnished
 more than an  hundred-thousand         
,impressions1 for that in some ,places  

they appear to be  worn4    ,in #aefb1  
the same ,,john ,,frellon published     
another ,french ,edition1 which         
appears1 by the ,printer's ,colophon at 
the ,end1 to have been printed at       
,lyons by ,,symphorien ,,barbier1 and   
which professes in the ,title to be     
augmented with seventeen ,plates4       
,,papillon1 ,p4 #ahb1 mentions both this
  ,edition and ,peculiarity1 but denies 
the ,truth of the ,assertion1 because   
he tells us1 that in this ,french       
,edition he finds but five more ,cuts   
than  in the ,italian ,one of #aedi2    
notwithstanding which1 it is certainly  
true1  as will be presently proved4     
,,papillon admits that the ,edition of  
#aefb  contains five ,cuts more than    
that of #aedi1 and1 if he had gone      
farther  back in his ,research1 would   
have found that that of #aedi 7and so do
 the  ,french and ,latin ,editions of   
#aedg7 comprizes twelve more than that  
of  #aech1 and that those twelve were   
first added to the ,french and ,latin   

,editions of #aedg4 ,the ,edition of    
#aefb does not assert that that contains
  seventeen ,cuts more than any         
preceding ,edition1 but1 reckoning the  
five  which it has more than the        
,impression of #aedi1 and the twelve    
which that  has more than the ,edition  
of #aech1 and which are also inserted in
 that  of #aefb1 they make together     
seventeen ,cuts more than were in the   
,edition  of #aech1 and consequently    
justify the ,assertion in the ,title1   
that the  ,edition of #aefb contains    
seventeen additional ,cuts4    ,the     
,success which such a ,number of        
,editions seems to imply1 induced a     
,bookseller of ,cologne to counterfeit  
the ,book2 and1 instead of making use   
of the original ,cuts1 which1 in all    
,probability he could not procure1  he  
got ,copies1 and not very exact ones1   
engraven from them for his  intended    
,edition4 ,when the first counterfeited 
,edition appeared1 ,i am not  informed2 
but am induced to think that this       

,person1 whom ,i have above  described  
as a ,bookseller of ,cologne1 was       
,,arnold ,,birckman1 as ,i find an      
,edition1 printed in #aeee1 at ,cologne1
 ,apud hredes ,,arnoldi ,,birckmanni4   
,in this ,edition1 and also in one      
printed by the same ,persons in #aegc1  
the  ,cuts are reversed1 the ,passages  
from ,scripture over the ,cuts1 and also
  the ,verses under the ,cuts1 are in   
,latin2 and both these ,editions contain
  the ,number of ,cuts in the ,latin and
 ,french ones of #aedg1 and no more3 ,in
  the ,cut inserted ,p4 #ag1 of the     
present ,edition1 is the following ,mark
  ,illustration3 ,,sa 7intended1 no     
doubt1 for that of the ,engraver7 and   
which was that of ,,silvius             
,,antonianus1 an ,artist of considerable
 ,merit4    ,having thus given the      
,history of this celebrated ,work1 we   
are now to  inquire1 in the first       
,place1 whether the original ,painting  
at ,basil were1  or not1 painted by     
,,holbein2 and1 in the second1 whether  

the ,,imagines  ,,mortis were either    
designed or engraven by him4    ,as to  
the first of these ,questions it is to  
be observed1 that ,,merian1  whom we    
have above mentioned1 has related that  
this ,picture at ,basil was  painted    
during the sitting of the ,council      
before mentioned1 which met  in #adca1  
and sat either fifteen1 according to    
some1 or something more  than seventeen 
,years1 according to other ,authors2 so 
that the ,painting  now under           
,consideration must have been done      
between the ,years #adci1 when  the     
,plague broke out1 and #addf1 or #addh1 
when the ,council broke up2 now  it is  
certain that ,,holbein was not born till
 #adihaf3 nor do we find  that he was   
ever employed on the ,painting at       
,basil1 even so much as to  retouch it4 
,,hugh ,,klauber1 who repaired it in    
#aefh1 is recorded1 and it is  not      
probable that1 if it ever had been      
touched upon by ,,holbein1 that ,fact   
should1 in his own native ,city1 have   

been passed over in ,silence3 ,on the   
contrary1 it is more likely that an     
,opportunity should have been rather    
sought to reveal it#ag4    ,from these  
,considerations it appears pretty       
evidently1 that ,,holbein has  no ,claim
 to the ,painting at ,basil3 ,we now    
proceed1 therefore1 to the  second      
,inquiry1 viz4 ,whether he either       
designed or engraved the original  ,cuts
 to the ,,imagines ,,mortis1 and here it
 may first be necessary to state  what  
,reasons there may be for supposing them
 his4    ,,nicolas ,,borbonius1 a ,poet 
contemporary with ,,holbein1 has        
addressed to him  an ,epigram 8,de      
,morte picta1 a ,hanso ,pictore         
nobili#ah10 from which  it is inferred  
that he painted a ,dance of ,death2 and 
,,sandrart relates  that in the ,year   
#afbg1 in a ,conversation with ,,rubens1
 at which he was  present1 the          
,,imagines ,,mortis was stiled          
,,holbein's1 as will appear from  the   
following ,passage1 translated by ,mr4  

,,warton from ,,joach4 ,,sandrart1      
,academ4 ,pict4 ,part ,,ii4 ,lib4 iii4  
,cap4 #g4 ,p4 #bda1 8,i also well       
remember  that in the ,year #afbg1 when 
,,paul ,,rubens came to ,utrecht to     
visit  ,,handorst1 being escorted both  
coming from1 and returning to           
,amsterdam1  by several ,artists2 as we 
were in the ,boat1 the ,conversation    
fell upon  ,,holbein's ,book of ,cuts   
representing the ,dance of ,death1 that 
,,rubens  gave them the highest         
,encomiums1 advising me1 who was then a 
young ,man1  to set the highest ,value  
upon them2 informing me1 at the same    
,time1 that  he1 in his ,youth1 had     
copied them40 ,,warton's ,observations  
on ,,spenser1  first ,edit4 ,p4 #bca1 in
 a ,note1 where is also inserted a      
,translation from  the same ,work1 ,p4  
#bch1 in the following ,words1 8,but1 in
 the ,fish-,market  there0 at ,basil    
8may be seen his0 ,,holbein's 8admirable
 ,dance of  ,peasants1 where also1 in   
the same public ,manner1 is shewn his   

,dance of  ,death2 where1 by a ,variety 
of ,figures1 it is demonstrated that    
,death  spares neither ,popes1          
,emperors1 ,princes1 c4 as may be seen  
in his most  elegant wooden ,cuts of the
 same ,work40    ,in ,,bullart's        
,academie des ,sciences1 ,tom4 ,,ii4 ,p4
 #dab1 is a ,passage1 of  which the     
following is a ,translation3            
8,nevertheless1 he0 ,,holbein 8has  not 
sent any ,thing into the ,world which is
 not painted with the last  ,degree of  
,perfection4 ,the ,inhabitants of ,basil
 have an excellent ,witness  of this in 
their ,town-,house3 ,it is his ,piece of
 the ,dance of ,death1  which he has    
reduced into ,colours1 after having     
engraven them very  neatly on ,wood2 and
 which appeared so excellent to the     
learned ,,erasmus1  that1 after having  
published his ,praises1 he invited      
,,holbein to draw his  ,picture1 in     
order that he might have the ,happiness 
of being represented  by so skilful a   
,hand40    ,mons4 ,,patin1 in the       

,catalogue of ,,holbein's ,works1       
prefixed to his ,edition  of ,,erasmus's
 ,praise of ,folly1 in ,latin1 closes   
his ,list with ,words to  the following 
,effect1 8,he also engraved several     
,things upon ,wood1 among  which are his
 ,scripture ,cuts1 and ,dance of ,death1
 vulgarly called  ,toden ,tans2 from    
which that ,picture is not very         
different1 which was  painted from the  
,life by the ,hand1 as some think1 of   
,,holbein himself1 and  is enclosed by  
wooden ,pallisadoes from ,strangers in  
the ,cemetery of the  ,predicants1 in   
the ,suburbs of ,st4 ,,john1 at ,basil30
 ,and ,,prior takes it  for so          
acknowledged a ,fact that ,,holbein     
painted the well-known ,dance of        
,death1 that1 in his ,ode to the ,memory
 of ,colonel ,,george ,,villiers1 he    
thus alludes to it3        8,in vain we 
think that free-will'd ,man has ,pow'r  
,to hasten or protract th' appointed    
,hour4      ,our ,term of ,life depends 
not on our ,deed2      ,before our      

,birth1 our ,fun'ral was decreed4       
,nor aw'd by ,foresight1 nor misled by  
,chance1      ,imperious ,death directs 
the ,ebon ,lance1      ,peoples great   
,,henry's ,tombs1 and leads up          
,,holbein's ,dance40    ,by 8great      
,,henry's ,tombs10 ,,henry the          
,seventh's ,chapel in                   
,westminster-,abbey  is meant4    ,to   
refute by minute ,examination the       
several ,errors in the above            
,citations1 would be an almost endless  
,task2 it is sufficient here to  remark1
 that the ,passage from ,,borbonius is  
too general to ascertain1  whether he   
means a ,dance of ,death1 or a single   
,figure2 that ,,sandrart or  ,,rubens's 
,declaration is too far distant from the
 ,time1 to be of any great  ,weight2 as 
is also ,,patin's ,assertion1 that      
,,holbein actually engraved the         
,,imagines ,,mortis3 ,and surely1 if it 
had been either designed or engraven  by
 him1 ,,frellon1 for whom so many       
,editions were printed1 would not have  

failed to have mentioned it in some of  
them1 when we find1 that in the         
,editions of the ,scripture ,cuts1 which
 he printed1 he has inserted a  ,latin  
,poem of some ,length1 and also a ,greek
 ,epigram1 both by ,,borbonius1  with a 
,translation of this latter into ,latin1
 all to prove1 that the ,cuts  were the 
,work of ,,holbein4 ,it is further to be
 observed 7as one ,reason for  ascribing
 these ,cuts to ,,holbein7 that a ,cut  
of the ,,imagines ,,mortis1 which       
occurs ,p4 #cf of this ,edition1 but the
 ,mark is there purposely omitted1  has 
to it in the original the ,letters ,h ,l
 thus conjoined ,illustration3  ,,hl    
which ,,papillon asserts1 is one of the 
,marks of ,,holbein2 and ,,christian    
,,de ,,mechel1 ,engraver to the ,elector
 ,palatine1 seems so well convinced of  
their being really at least designed by 
,,holbein1 that he has inserted the     
,dance of ,death1 as represented in the 
,,imagines ,,mortis1 among the rest  of 
his ,works1 which he is now publishing2 

but the ,number of ,cuts there  given1  
is no more than ,forty-,six4    ,it were
 much to be wished that ,,mechel had    
informed us1 from what he had  copied   
the ,dance of ,death2 whether1 as he    
probably did1 from ,drawings2  and1 if  
so1 where those ,drawings were to be    
found1 and on what further  ,evidence he
 had ventured to ascribe them to        
,,holbein2 for1 as will  presently      
appear1 there is very great ,reason1 at 
least1 for doubting the  ,fact1         
notwithstanding that the four first     
,cuts of the ,,imagines ,,mortis  occur 
among the ,cuts to the ,old ,testament1 
printed in #aeci1 and which  we are told
 expressly in a ,poem1 and also in an   
,epigram1 of ,,borbonius1  prefixed to  
them1 are of the ,hand of ,,holbein2 but
 whether by this we are  to understand1 
that he designed or engraved them1 or   
both1 we are left to  seek4 ,after      
having thus ventured to question in     
general ,terms1 ,,holbein's  ,title to  
the ,merit of this ,work1 it is         

incumbent on me to shew on what my      
,doubts are founded1 and this ,i am     
prepared to do2 for1 in the ,dedication 
to the ,edition of the ,,imagines       
,,mortis1 in #aech1 is a ,passage1 of   
which ,i  here insert a faithful        
,translation3        8,to return then to
 our ,cuts of ,death1 we now very justly
      regret the ,death of him who has  
here designed such elegant              
,figures1 exceeding as much all the     
,examples hitherto1 as the              
,paintings of ,,apelles1 or of ,,zeuxis1
 exceed the ,moderns4 ,for his          
sorrowful ,histories1 with their        
,descriptions severely verified1        
excite such ,admiration in the          
,beholders1 that they think the         
,figures of ,death appear as if quite   
alive1 and the ,living as      if dead4 
,which makes me think that ,death1      
fearing that this      excellent        
,painter would paint him so much alive1 
that he should      no longer be feared 
as ,death1 and that1 for this ,reason1  

he      himself would become immortal2  
for this very ,cause hastened      so   
much his ,days1 that he could not finish
 several other ,cuts      already by him
 traced1 and among others that of the   
,waggoner      overthrown and bruised   
under his overturned ,waggon2 the       
,wheels      and ,horses of which are   
there represented so frightfully1 that  
as much ,horror is occasioned to view   
their ,downfall1 as ,delight      to    
contemplate the ,liquorishness of one   
,figure of ,death1 who is      secretly 
sucking through a ,reed the ,wine from  
the emptied ,cask3      ,to which       
imperfect ,histories1 as well as to the 
inimitable      ,rainbow1 no one has    
dared to put the last ,hand40    ,this  
,dedication is prefixed to the ,edition 
of #aech1 and speaks of the  ,designer  
7by which1 ,i conceive1 we must         
understand both ,painter and  ,engraver1
 for it speaks of the ,drawings of the  
unfinished ones as  having been then    
already traced or drawn2 and1 if so1    

they might surely  have been finished by
 the ,engraver of the former ones7 as   
then lately  dead2 now it is well known 
that ,,holbein did not die till #aeedai1
 and  therefore it could not be he3 ,and
 ,i would further observe1 that the     
,mark ,illustration3 ,,hl is not        
peculiar to ,,holbein4 ,,strutt1 in his 
,biographical ,dictionary of ,engravers1
 ,vol4 ,,ii4 ,p4 #hf1 attributes it to  
one ,,hans ,,lederer1 of whom he gives  
no ,particulars2 and the ,catalogue  of 
,marks and ,cyphers of ,engravers1 ,p4  
#ba4 ,edit4 #agcj1 mentions one         
,,lambrecht ,,hopfer1 a ,german1 but the
 ,age in which he lived is not noticed1 
who used1 as his ,mark1 sometimes a     
,vase of ,flowers in the ,midst of the  
,letters ,l ,h1 and sometimes the       
perpendicular ,stroke of the ,l in the  
second ,stroke of the ,h1 which is      
exactly as it appears in the ,cut before
  referred to4    ,i have only to add1  
that the ,cuts in the present ,edition1 
excepting only  the first 7which1       

representing in the ,original the ,deity
 in the ,habit of  the ,pope1 to avoid  
giving ,offence1 it was thought proper  
to omit1 and  to substitute in its ,room
 one designed for the ,purpose7 are     
engraven1  and the ,verses under them   
translated1 from the ,latin ,edition of 
#aedg2  and that the additional ,cuts1  
which appeared in the ,french ,edition  
of  #aefb 7with the ,omission only of   
four of ,boys1 as being foreign to this 
,subject7 are here also inserted1 and   
the ,verses under them translated  from 
the ,french4                            
,,the ,,editor4    ,march #bd1 #aghi4   
,,footnotes      #a ,anecdotes of       
,painting1 #hvo4 ,vol4 ,i4 ,p4 #abc4    
#b ,as it may afford the ,reader some   
,satisfaction to be informed            
particularly what ,characters are       
represented in this ,painting1 we here  
give a ,list of them from ,,merian's    
,engravings mentioned in the ,text3 ,at 
the ,beginning is a ,cut of             
,,oecolompadius preaching2 next follows 

one of a  ,charnel-,house1 and two      
,figures of ,death piping2 after which1 
in distinct  ,cuts1 are given the ,pope1
 ,emperor1 ,empress1 ,king1 ,queen1     
,cardinal1  ,bishop1 ,duke1 ,duchess1   
,count1 ,abbot1 ,knight1 ,lawyer1       
,magistrate1 ,canon1  ,physician1       
,gentleman1 ,lady1 ,merchant1 ,abbess1  
,cripple1 ,hermit1 ,young ,man1         
,usurer1 ,maiden1 ,musician1 ,herald1   
,mayor1 ,grand ,provost1 ,buffoon1      
,pedlar1  ,blind ,man1 ,jew1 ,pagan1    
,female ,pagan1 ,cook1 ,peasant1        
,painter1 ,painter's  ,wife4    #c      
,history of ,poetry1 ,vol4 ,,ii4 ,p4    
#ed1 in a ,note4    #d ,anecdotes of    
,painting1 #hvo4 ,vol4 ,i4 ,p4 #abc4    
#e ,history of ,poetry1 ,vol4 ,i4 ,p4   
#baj4    #f ,,warton's ,hist4 of        
,poetry1 ,vol4 ,,ii4 ,p4 #ed4    #g     
,ibid4    #h ,formerly called ,pardon   
,church-,yard1 about which1 says        
,,weever1  ,ancient ,funeral ,monuments1
 #dto ,edition1 #agfg1 ,p4 #afh1 8was   
artificially  and richly painted1 the   

,dance of ,death commonly called the    
,dance of  ,paul's2 the ,picture of     
,death leading all ,estates40    ,the   
above ,,jenken ,,carpenter was ,executor
 to ,sir ,,richard ,,whittington1 and   
had a ,licence granted him1 ,anno #adcj1
 #h ,hen4 ,,vi4 to establish upon the   
,charnel-,house of ,st4 ,paul's a       
,chaplain1 to have eight ,marks a ,year4
                                        
,,weever1 ubi supra4    #i ,,stow's     
,survey of ,london1 ,edit4 #dto4 #afah1 
,p4 #faf4 ,an ,engraving of  it is      
inserted in ,,dugdale's ,hist4 of ,st4  
,paul's1 ,edit4 #afeh1 ,p4 #bij1  and   
under it are given ,,lydgate's ,verses1 
which he observes at the ,end he  had   
translated1        8,not ,word by ,word1
 but following in ,substance40    ,the  
,characters1 as may be collected from   
the ,titles to the ,verses1 are  the    
,pope1 ,emperor1 ,cardinal1 ,king1      
,patriarch1 ,constable1 ,archbishop1    
,baron1 ,princess1 ,bishop1 ,squire1    
,abbot1 ,abbess1 ,bailiff1 ,astronomer1 

,burgess1 ,canon ,secular1 ,merchant1   
,chartreux1 ,serjeant1 ,monk1 ,usurer1  
,physician1 ,amorous ,squire1           
,gentlewoman1 ,man of ,law1 ,mr4 ,,john 
,,rekill  ,tregetour1 i4 e4 ,jugler4    
,see the ,glossary to ,,urry's          
,,chaucer1 ,art4  ,treget ,parson1      
,juror1 ,minstrel1 ,labourer1 ,friar    
,minor1 ,child1 ,young  ,clerk1 ,hermit1
 the ,king eaten of ,worms1 ,,machabree 
the ,doctor4--,,dugdale1 ,p4  #acb1 says
 that ,,carpenter was a ,citizen of     
,london1 and that the ,painting  at ,st4
 ,paul's was in ,imitation of that in   
the ,cloister adjoining to ,st4         
,innocent's ,church-,yard1 in ,paris4   
#aj ,,warton's ,history of ,poetry1     
,vol4 ,,ii4 ,p4 #ed4    #aa ,mr4        
,,warton1 in his ,observations on       
,,spenser1 first ,edit4 ,p4 #bcj1 in  a 
,note1 says1 that ,,macaber wrote a     
,description in ,verse of a ,procession1
  painted on the ,walls of ,st4         
,innocent's ,cloister1 at ,paris1 called
 the  ,dance of ,death2 so that in this 

,passage ,mr4 ,,warton must be supposed 
to  understand that ,,macaber's ,verses 
were written posterior to that          
,painting4  ,he further informs us1 in  
the ,additions and ,corrections to the  
second  ,volume of his ,history of      
,poetry1 that the earliest complete     
,french  ,translation of these ,verses  
was printed in #adii1 but that a less   
perfect  ,edition had been before       
published in #adhf1 and that the ,french
 ,rhymes  in this last are said to be by
 ,,michel ,,marot4 ,a ,copy in ,french  
of ,la  grande ,danse de ,,macabre des  
,hommes et des ,femmes1 printed in #dto4
 at  ,troyes1 for ,,john ,,garnier1 but 
without a ,date1 ,i have seen2 and find 
from  the ,verses under each ,cut1 that 
the ,characters are the ,pope1 ,emperor1
  ,cardinal1 ,king1 ,legate1 ,duke1     
,patriarch1 ,constable1 ,archbishop1    
,knight1  ,bishop1 ,squire1 ,abbot1     
,bailiff1 ,astrologer1 ,burgess1 ,canon1
 ,merchant1  ,school-,master1 ,man of   
,arms1 ,chartreux1 ,serjeant1 ,monk1    

,usurer1 ,physician1  ,lover1 ,advocate1
 ,minstrel1 ,curate1 ,labourer1         
,proctor1 ,gaoler1 ,pilgrim1  ,shepherd1
 ,cordelier1 ,child1 ,clerk1 ,hermit1   
,adventurer1 ,fool4 ,the ,women  are the
 ,queen1 ,duchess1 ,regent's ,wife1     
,knight's ,wife1 ,abbess1 ,squire's     
,wife1 ,shepherdess1 ,cripple1          
,burgess's ,wife1 ,widow1 ,merchant's   
,wife1  ,bailiff's ,wife1 ,young ,wife1 
,dainty ,dame1 ,female ,philosopher1    
,new-married  ,wife1 ,woman with ,child1
 ,old ,maid1 ,female ,cordelier1        
,chambermaid1  ,intelligence-,woman1    
,hostess1 ,nurse1 ,prioress1 ,damsel1   
,country ,girl1 ,old  ,chambermaid1     
,huckstress1 ,strumpet1 ,nurse for      
,lying-in ,women1 ,young ,girl1         
,religious1 ,sorceress1 ,bigot1 ,fool4  
#ab ,,warton's ,hist4 of ,poetry1 ,vol4 
,,ii4 ,p4 #ec4    #ac ,,warton's        
,history of ,poetry1 ,vol4 ,,ii4 ,p4    
#ed4    #ad ,ibid4    #ae ,it cannot be 
doubted that these additional ,cuts are 
those mentioned  in the ,dedication to  

the ,edition of #aech1 as being then    
left unfinished1  for1 among them1 is   
the ,cut of the ,waggoner there         
particularly described4    #af          
,,walpole's ,anecdotes of ,painting1    
,vol4 ,i4 ,p4 #abc4    #ag ,,keysler1 in
 his ,travels before referred to1 ,vol4 
,i4 ,p4 #aga1 speaking  of the ,dance of
 ,death1 at ,basil1 says1 it is         
generally reputed to  have been painted 
by ,,holbein1 who had also drawn and    
painted a ,death's  ,dance1 and had     
likewise painted1 as it were1 a         
,duplicate of this ,piece  on another   
,house1 but which ,time has entirely    
obliterated4 8,however10  adds he1 8for 
several ,reasons the ,death's ,dance    
near the ,french ,church  may be        
presumed not to be ,,holbein's1 but the 
,work of another ,artist whose  ,name   
was ,,bock40    #ah ,,warton's          
,observations on ,,spenser1 ,vol4 ,,ii4 
,p4 #aag1 in the ,note4    #ai          
,,walpole's ,anecdotes of ,painting1    
,vol4 ,i4 ,p4 #aae4          ,the       

,,creation of the ,,world4      ,so ,god
 created ,man in his own ,image1 in the 
,image of ,god created he him3  ,male   
and ,female created he them4            
,,genesis i4 #bg4    ,illustration      
,in the ,beginning1 ,heav'n and ,earth1 
,and the resounding ,sea1      ,god1 by 
his ,voice omnipotent1        ,from     
,nothing caus'd to be4        ,the human
 ,race1 the ,image true        ,of his  
divinest ,mind1      ,both ,male and    
,female he did form        ,from        
lightest ,earth we find4          ,,sin4
      ,because thou hast hearkened unto 
the ,voice of thy ,wife1 and hast eaten 
of the ,tree of which ,i commanded thee1
 saying1 ,thou shalt not eat of it1  c4 
,,genesis iii4 #ag4    ,illustration    
,against ,god's ,will the direful ,fruit
        ,of the forbidden ,tree         
,the ,husband by his foolish ,wife      
,to taste induc'd we see4        ,a     
grievous ,death they both deserv'd      
,for this ,offence so great1      ,and  
we1 their ,children1 subject are        

,to the same ,laws of ,fate4            
,,death4      ,the ,lord ,god sent him  
forth from the ,garden of ,eden to till 
the ,ground1  from whence he was taken4 
,,genesis iii4 #bc4    ,illustration    
,th' ,almighty ,father did expel        
,man from his blessed ,seat2      ,and  
to sustain his ,life decreed        ,by 
his own proper ,sweat3        ,then1    
first1 into the empty ,world1           
,pale ,death an ,entrance gain'd2       
,and the same ,pow'r o'er mortal ,men1  
,has ever since maintain'd4             
,the ,,curse4      ,cursed is the       
,ground for thy ,sake2 in ,sorrow shalt 
thou eat of it all  the ,days of thy    
,life1 c4    ,,genesis iii4 #ag4        
,illustration        ,curs'd be the     
,earth for thy ,offence1        ,and    
barren be the ,ground1      ,and full of
 ,toil and ,labour great1        ,thy   
anxious ,life be found2        ,till    
,death thy lifeless ,limbs replace      
,in ,earth's cold narrow ,womb1         
,then ,dust1 which at the first thou    

wert1        ,thou quickly shalt become4
          ,woe1 ,woe1 ,woe to the       
,inhabiters of the ,earth4              
,,revelations viii4 #ac4    ,all in     
whose ,nostrils was the ,breath of      
,life1 of all that was in the dry       
,land1 died4    ,,genesis vii4 #bb4     
,illustration        ,woe1 grievous     
,woe1 to all who now        ,in this    
vile ,world abide2      ,for ,times     
await you big with ,grief1        ,and  
every ,ill beside4        ,though now to
 you a plenteous ,share        ,of      
,fortune's ,gifts may fall1      ,pale  
,death will be1 or soon or late1        
,a ,visitant to all4          ,the      
,,pope4      ,until the ,death of the   
,high-,priest that shall be in those    
,days4    ,,joshua xx4 #f4    ,and let  
another take his ,office4    ,,psalm    
cix4 #h4    ,illustration        ,thou  
who1 elated with ,success1              
,immortal claim'st to be1      ,from    
,men's ,affairs1 in little ,space1      
,thyself remov'd shalt see4             

,though now the great ,high-,priest thou
 art1        ,and in ,rome's ,see dost  
sit1      ,soon shall thy ,office1 in   
thy ,place1        ,a ,successor admit4 
,the ,,emperor4      ,set thine ,house  
in ,order2 for thou shalt die1 and not  
live4    ,,isaiah xxxviii4 #a4    ,there
 shalt thou die1 and there the ,chariots
 of thy ,glory shall be the  ,shame of  
thy ,lord's ,house4    ,,isaiah xxii4   
#ah4    ,illustration        ,dispose   
thy ,kingdom's great ,concerns          
,intrusted to thy ,care1      ,so that  
to pass to other ,worlds        ,thou   
quickly may'st prepare4        ,for when
 the ,time shall come that thou         
,shalt quit this mortal ,throne1        
,thy utmost ,glory then shall be        
,a broken ,car alone4          ,the     
,,king4      ,he that is ,to-,day a     
,king ,to-,morrow shall die4            
,,ecclesiasticus x4 #aj4                
,illustration        ,to him who this   
,day ,sceptres sways1        ,in costly 
,pride a ,king1      ,to-,morrow's      

,light1 with baleful ,speed1        ,a  
direful ,fate will bring3        ,for1  
him who rules o'er ,nations rich1       
,and pow'rful ,kingdoms guides1         
,when ,death his ,office bids him quit1 
,no better ,fate betides4          ,the 
,,cardinal4      ,which justify the     
,wicked for ,reward1 and take away the  
,righteousness of  the ,righteous from  
him4    ,,isaiah v4 #bc4                
,illustration        ,woe1 grievous     
,woe1 to you1 who now        ,the       
impious ,man caress2      ,exalt the    
unjust to ,height of ,wealth1           
,the virtuous ,man oppress4        ,who 
seek the ,world's fallacious ,gifts     
,to gain without ,delay1      ,and the  
true ,path of ,righteousness            
,desire to take away4          ,the     
,,empress4      ,those that walk in     
,pride he is able to abase4    ,,daniel 
iv4 #cg4    ,illustration        ,ye1   
also1 who in glitt'ring ,pomp        ,of
 haughty ,state are plac'd1      ,a ,day
 shall see wherein yourselves        ,of

 bitter ,death shall taste3        ,for1
 as the ,grass by ,travellers        ,is
 trodden on the ,ground1      ,so ,death
 shall tread you under ,foot1           
,and all your ,joys confound4           
,the ,,queen4      ,rise up1 ye ,women  
that are at ,ease2 hear my ,voice1 ye   
careless  ,daughters2 give ,ear unto my 
,speech4 ,many ,days and ,years shall ye
 be  troubled4    ,,isaiah xxxii4 #i    
#aj4    ,illustration        ,hither1 ye
 ,ladies of ,renown1        ,and        
,matrons rich1 repair2      ,for ,death 
to you now clearly tells1        ,a     
mortal ,tribe ye are4        ,when the  
glad ,years and empty ,joys        ,of  
this vain ,world are past1      ,the    
,pain of ,death will sure disturb       
,your ,bodies frail at last4            
,the ,,bishop4      ,i will smite the   
,shepherd1 and the ,sheep of the ,flock 
shall be scattered  abroad4    ,,matthew
 xxvi4 #ca4 ,,mark xiv4 #bg4            
,illustration        ,the ,pastor1 void 
of all ,defence1        ,my ,pow'r1 says

 ,death1 shall own2      ,by me1 his    
,mitre and his ,staff1        ,shall to 
the ,ground be thrown4        ,his      
,sheep1 their ,pastor thus remov'd1     
,by ,death's fell ,pow'r1 away1         
,shall be dispersed ev'ry one1          
,to prowling ,wolves a ,prey4           
,the ,,elector1 or ,,prince of the      
,empire4      ,the ,prince shall be     
clothed with ,desolation1 and the ,hands
 of the ,people  of the ,land shall be  
troubled4    ,,ezekiel vii4 #bg4        
,illustration        ,come1 mighty      
,prince1 now quick resign        ,thy   
perishable ,joys1      ,thy fleeting    
,glory1 and the rest        ,of ,earth's
 delusive ,toys4        ,lo1 ,i alone   
the ,pride of ,kings        ,am able to 
repress2      ,the splendid ,pomps of   
regal ,state        ,my ,pow'r supreme  
confess4          ,the ,,abbot4      ,he
 shall die without ,instruction1 and in 
the ,greatness of his ,folly he  shall  
go astray4    ,,proverbs v4 #bc4        
,illustration        ,this ,instant1    

,wretch1 thou shalt depart1             
,consign'd to mould'ring ,dust2         
,because thou knew'st not1 only         
feign'dst1        ,the ,wisdom of the   
,just4        ,the ,abundance of thy    
,folly great1        ,did blindly thee  
deceive1      ,and made thee seek the   
sinful ,path1        ,which thou        
could'st never leave4          ,the     
,,abbess4      ,wherefore ,i praised the
 ,dead which are already dead1 more than
 the  ,living which are yet alive4      
,,ecclesiastes iv4 #b4    ,illustration 
,better it is to die than live1         
,i constantly have taught2      ,since  
human ,life with anxious ,care1         
,and various ,ills is fraught4          
,ungrateful ,death me now compels       
,the like sad ,path to tread1      ,with
 those whom in the silent ,grave        
,the ,fates severe have laid4           
,the ,,gentleman4      ,what ,man is he 
that liveth1 and shall not see ,death8  
,shall he deliver  his ,soul from the   
,hand of the ,grave8    ,,psalm lxxxix4 

#dh4    ,illustration        ,what ,man 
is he1 however brave1        ,of        
mightiest ,pow'r possest1      ,who in  
this mortal ,world shall live1          
,and ,death shall never taste8          
,what ,man is he who ,death's fell      
,dart1        ,which conquers all1 can  
brave8      ,who his own ,life1 by      
,force or ,skill1        ,from ,death   
can hope to save8          ,the ,,canon4
      ,behold1 the ,hour is at ,hand4   
,,matthew xxvi4 #de4    ,illustration   
,by ,crowds attended to the ,choir      
,thou now dost bend thy ,way2      ,come
 on1 and1 with suppliant ,voice1        
,thy humblest ,homage pay3        ,for1 
thee the ,fates do loud demand1         
,and instant ,death does crave2      ,a 
,day1 which no one can retard1          
,shall force thee to the ,grave4        
,the ,,judge4      ,i will cut off the  
,judge from the ,midst thereof4         
,,amos ii4 #c4    ,illustration         
,you who false ,judgment do pronounce1  
,for filthy ,lucre's ,sake1      ,from  

,midst of ,crowds and ,judgment-,seat1  
,i1 ,death1 will quickly take4          
,to ,fate's just ,laws ye must submit1  
,nor ye1 alone1 contest      ,that pow'r
 which every ,son of ,man        ,has   
hitherto confest4          ,the         
,,advocate4      ,a prudent ,man        
foreseeth the ,evil1 and hideth himself3
 ,but the ,simple  pass on1 and are     
punished4    ,,proverbs xxii4 #c4       
,illustration        ,the crafty ,man   
the ,crime perceives1        ,the       
,guilty does protect2      ,the ,cause  
of just but needy ,men1        ,he ever 
does reject4        ,the ,poor and      
,guiltless are oppress'd        ,by     
,justice' vain ,pretence1      ,and     
,gold1 than ,laws1 is found to have     
,a greater ,influence4          ,the    
,,counsellor1 or ,,magistrate4          
,whoso stoppeth his ,ears at the ,cry of
 the ,poor1 he also shall cry  himself1 
but shall not be heard4    ,,proverbs   
xxi4 #ac4    ,illustration        ,the  
,rich and ,wealthy readily        ,to   

,suiters rich give ,ear1      ,and scorn
 the poor and needy ,man1        ,his   
,pray'r refuse to hear3        ,but when
 themselves1 in the last ,hour1         
,to ,god shall earnest cry1      ,their 
anxious ,pray'rs he shall reject1       
,and their ,request deny4          ,the 
,,curate1 or ,,preacher4      ,woe unto 
them that call ,evil ,good1 and ,good   
,evil2 that put ,darkness for  ,light1  
and ,light for ,darkness2 that put      
,bitter for ,sweet1 and ,sweet for      
,bitter4    ,,isaiah v4 #bj4            
,illustration        ,woe to you impious
 ,hypocrites1        ,who ,evil         
,goodness term2      ,and ,evil to be   
truly ,good1        ,with equal ,fraud  
affirm3        ,who ,dark for ,light1   
with ,falsehood great1        ,and      
,light for ,dark embrace2      ,bitter  
for ,sweet who substitute1        ,and  
,sweet for ,bitter place4          ,the 
,,priest4      ,i myself also am a      
mortal ,man1 like to all4    ,,wisdom   
vii4 #a4    ,illustration        ,the   

holy ,sacrament1 behold1                
,celestial ,gift1 ,i bear1      ,the    
sick ,man1 at the ,hour of ,death1      
,with certain ,hope to cheer4           
,ev'n ,i myself am mortal too1          
,and the same ,laws obey1      ,and     
shall like him1 when ,time shall come1  
,to ,death be made a ,prey4             
,the ,,friar ,,mendicant4      ,such as 
sit in ,darkness1 and in the ,shadow of 
,death1 being bound in  ,affliction and 
,iron4    ,,psalm cvii4 #aj4            
,illustration        ,some ,men1 the    
,world to circumvent        ,by ,fraud  
and ,falsehood try1      ,by feign'd    
,religion1 ,sin to hide        ,from    
ev'ry mortal ,eye3        ,of ,piety an 
ardent love        ,they outwardly      
profess2      ,but inwardly they are the
 ,sink        ,of all ,voluptuousness3  
,but when the ,end shall be at ,hand1   
,they like ,reward shall have1      ,and
 ,death1 by ,myriads1 shall mow down    
,the ,wicked to the ,grave4             
,the ,,canoness4      ,there is a ,way  

which seemeth ,right unto a ,man2 but   
the ,end thereof are  the ,ways of      
,death4    ,,proverbs xiv4 #ab4         
,illustration    ,an ,apostrophe to     
,,death4        ,why dost thou1 pale and
 envious ,death1        ,a sacred ,maid 
affright8      ,small ,glory to thee can
 arise        ,from ,victories so       
slight4        ,go hence1 let sick or   
aged ,men        ,thy fatal ,dart       
employ2      ,but let this ,virgin1     
innocent1        ,life's ,pleasures long
 enjoy4        ,pleasure and ,joy her   
jocund ,youth        ,should ardently   
pursue2      ,the ,pleasures of the     
,marriage-,bed        ,to her gay ,youth
 are due4          ,the ,,old ,,woman4  
,death is better than a bitter ,life or 
continual ,sickness4    ,,ecclesiasticus
 xxx4 #ag4    ,illustration        ,long
 has my ,life most irksome been1        
,oppress'd with ,care and ,pain2        
,no anxious ,wish my ,bosom fires       
,here longer to remain4        ,my      
certain ,judgment does pronounce1       

,better to die than live2      ,for     
,death to ,minds worn out with ,care    
,glad ,peace and ,rest will give4       
,the ,,physician4      ,physician1 heal 
thyself4    ,,luke iv4 #bc4             
,illustration        ,diseases well thou
 understand'st1        ,and cures canst 
well apply1      ,which to the ,sick1 in
 ,time of ,need1        ,will welcome   
,health supply4        ,but while1 ,o   
dull and stupid ,wretch1        ,thou   
others ,fates dost stay1      ,thou'rt  
ignorant what fell ,disease             
,shall hurry thee away4          ,the   
,,astrologer4      ,knowest thou it1    
because thou wast then born8 or because 
the ,number of  thy ,days is great8     
,,job xxxviii4 #ba4    ,illustration    
,thou1 by contemplating a ,sphere       
,which ,heav'n's bright ,face does show1
      ,events which shall to others     
chance1        ,pretendest to foreknow4 
,tell me1 if thou of ,fates to come     
,a skilful ,prophet art1      ,when to  
the ,tomb the ,hand of ,death           

,shall urge thee to depart8             
,behold the ,sphere1 which to thy ,view 
,my ,right-,hand now does hold1      ,by
 that the ,fate which thou shalt find   
,may better be foretold4          ,the  
,,miser4      ,thou ,fool1 this ,night  
thy ,soul shall be required of thee3    
,then whose  shall those things be which
 thou hast provided8    ,,luke xii4 #bj4
    ,illustration        ,this ,night   
shall ,death1 with ,iron ,hand1         
,thee1 griping ,wretch1 subdue2         
,and in the narrow ,grave entomb'd1     
,to-,morrow thee shall view4            
,therefore1 when thou1 of ,life         
depriv'd1        ,shalt far from hence  
be gone1      ,what ,successor shall thy
 vast ,heaps        ,of endless ,riches 
own8          ,the ,,merchant4      ,the
 getting of ,treasures by a lying       
,tongue1 is a ,vanity tossed to and  fro
 of them that seek ,death4    ,,proverbs
 xxi4 #f4    ,illustration        ,a    
foolish ,part he sure pursues1          
,who ,wealth by ,fraud and ,lies        

,t' accumulate1 and num'rous ,goods     
,to gain unjustly tries4        ,for    
,death entangled in the ,snare1         
,to seize him shall not fail2      ,and 
these his ,actions most unjust          
,shall cause him to bewail4             
,the ,,shipwreck4      ,but they that   
will be rich1 fall into ,temptation1 and
 a ,snare1 and  into many foolish and   
hurtful ,lusts1 which drown ,men in     
,destruction and  ,perdition4    #a     
,,timothy vi4 #i4    ,illustration      
,that worldly ,goods they may procure1  
,and ,wealth immense obtain1      ,their
 ,breasts ,men hourly will expose1      
,temptations to sustain4        ,but    
,men whom ,dangers thus surround1       
,fortune compels to bend      ,their    
,footsteps to those beaten ,paths       
,which to ,destruction tend4            
,the ,,knight1 or ,,soldier4      ,in a 
,moment shall they die1 and the ,people 
shall be troubled at  ,midnight1 and    
pass away3 ,and the ,mighty shall be    
taken away without ,hand4    ,,job      

xxxiv4 #bj4    ,illustration            
,against the ,man who ,wars excites1    
,and does mild ,peace despise1          
7,peace1 that to all great ,blessings   
brings7        ,the ,people shall arise3
        ,to ,courage only they shall    
trust1        ,this ,tyrant fierce to   
tame2      ,and fall he shall1 but by a 
,stroke        ,no human ,hand shall    
aim2        ,for him who1 to oppress    
,mankind1        ,shall mighty ,arms    
employ1      ,resistless ,death shall   
suddenly        ,by an ill ,fate        
destroy4          ,the ,,count4         
,for when he dieth1 he shall carry      
nothing away3 ,his ,glory shall not     
descend after him4    ,,psalm xlix4 #ag4
    ,illustration        ,none of those 
,honours which the ,great        ,and   
,mighty now attend1      ,when ,death   
shall cast them from their ,seat1       
,shall to the ,grave descend4        ,no
 ,ensigns of a glorious ,race           
,they thither shall convey1      ,nor   
,titles high2 for in the ,grave         

,they nought but ,dust shall be4        
,the ,,old ,,man4      ,my ,breath is   
corrupt1 my ,days are extinct1 the      
,graves are ready for me4    ,,job xvii4
 #a4    ,illustration        ,exhausted 
,strength my feeble ,nerves        ,no  
longer now does brace1      ,and1 like a
 ,river's rapid ,stream1        ,my     
,life flows out apace4        ,the      
,time1 which no ,one can recall1        
,how swift a ,flight has ta'en6         
,and nothing but the silent ,tomb       
,for me does now remain4        ,tir'd  
of the ,ills of a long ,life1           
,and sick of all its ,cares1      ,for  
speedy ,death ,i now address        ,to 
,heav'n my anxious ,pray'rs4            
,the ,,countess4      ,they spend their 
,days in ,wealth1 and in a ,moment go   
down to the ,grave4    ,,job xxi4 #ac4  
,illustration        ,in num'rous ,joys 
their rapid ,life        ,the           
thoughtless ,virgins waste1      ,and   
ev'ry ,kind of ,pleasure seek           
,with ,eagerness to taste4        ,from 

,cares and ,sorrow they are free1       
,no ,thought their ,minds to tire1      
,a vacant ,life1 full fraught with      
,bliss1        ,they earnestly desire4  
,but in the ,grave they shall be laid1  
,by ,death's all-piercing ,dart1        
,where he their ,pleasures exquisite    
,shall into ,grief convert4             
,the ,,new-,,married ,,couple4      ,the
 ,lord do so to me1 and more also1 if   
ought but ,death part thee and  me4     
,,ruth i4 #ag4    ,illustration         
,this is true ,love1 and this alone1    
,which ,two in ,one conjoins1      ,and 
in ,affection's strongest ,bands        
,and mutual ,friendship binds4          
,this ,union shall1 alas6 endure        
,by much too short a ,time2      ,one   
,death severe can two divide            
,whom ,bands of ,wedlock join4          
,the ,,dutchess4      ,thou shalt not   
come down off that ,bed on which thou   
art gone up1 but  shalt surely die4     
#b ,,kings i4 #af4    ,illustration     
,from the soft ,bed1 ,o youthful ,maid1 

,whereon thy ,limbs now lie1            
,permission ever to arise1        ,the  
cruel ,fates deny3        ,for first    
shall ,death thy lifeless ,limbs        
,subdue without ,remorse1      ,and his 
fell ,scythe shall to the ,grave        
,consign thy breathless ,corse4         
,the ,,porter4      ,come unto me all ye
 that labour1 and are heavy laden1 and  
,i will give  you ,rest4    ,,matthew   
xi4 #bh4    ,illustration        ,hither
 advance1 ye weary ,throng1        ,and 
quick my ,steps attend1      ,who under 
,loads of so great ,weight1        ,with
 weary ,shoulders bend4        ,traffic 
and ,gain your anxious ,thoughts        
,did long enough possess1      ,your    
,breasts the ,cares which these produce 
,no longer shall distress4          ,the
 ,,peasant4      ,in the ,sweat of thy  
,face shalt thou eat ,bread4            
,,genesis iii4 #ai4    ,illustration    
,bread for thyself1 by ,labour great1   
,thou shalt thyself obtain2      ,and   
from the ,ground1 without great ,toil1  

,no ,sustenance shalt gain4             
,after long ,use of ,things below1      
,and num'rous ,labours past1      ,pale 
,death to all thy ,cares and ,toils     
,shall put an ,end at last4             
,the ,,child4      ,man that is born of 
a ,woman1 is of few ,days1 and full of  
,trouble4 ,he  cometh forth like a      
,flower1 and is cut down3 ,he fleeth    
also as a ,shadow1  and continueth not4 
,,job xiv4 #a4    ,illustration         
,man1 who conceiv'd in the dark ,womb1  
,into the ,world is brought1      ,is   
born to ,times with ,misery1        ,and
 various ,evil fraught4        ,and as  
the ,flow'r soon fades and dies1        
,however fair it be1      ,so sinks he  
also to the ,grave1        ,and like a  
,shade does flee4          ,the ,,swiss 
,,soldier4      ,when a strong ,man     
armed keepeth his ,palace1 his ,goods   
are in ,peace4 ,but  when a stronger    
than he shall come upon him1 and        
overcome him1 he taketh  from him all   
his ,armour wherein he trusted1 and     

divideth his ,spoils4    ,,luke xi4 #ba1
 #bb4    ,illustration        ,undaunted
 and secure in ,arms1        ,while     
,strength and ,life remain1      ,the   
brave his ,mansions1 and his ,wealth    
,in ,safety shall maintain4        ,but 
,death with greater ,force shall wage   
,against him ,war ere long1      ,and1  
for the ,grave1 shall cause him quit    
,his ,post1 no longer strong4           
,the ,,gamesters4      ,for what is a   
,man profited1 if he shall gain the     
whole ,world1 and lose  his own ,soul8  
,,matthew xvi4 #bf4    ,illustration    
,if the destructive ,art of ,dice       
,could ,wealth immense insure1      ,or 
,man the ,world by ,dice could gain1    
,what ,good would it procure8           
,his ,soul this ,practice will destroy1 
,entangled in its ,snare1      ,a ,loss 
which no ,art1 ,fraud1 or ,chance1      
,is able to repair4          ,the       
,,drunkards4      ,and be not drunk with
 ,wine1 wherein is ,excess4             
,,ephesians v4 #ah4    ,illustration    

,with ,wine's ,excess your ,souls to    
drench1        ,ye mortal ,throng1      
forbear2      ,for ,luxury of every     
,kind1        ,and raging ,lust is      
there4        ,lest ,death assail you   
unprepar'd1        ,oppress'd with      
,sleep and ,wine1      ,and1 in a ,vomit
 soul1 your ,souls        ,compel you to
 resign4          ,the ,,fool4      ,he 
goeth after her as an ,ox goeth to the  
,slaughter1 or as a ,fool to the        
,correction of the ,stocks4             
,,proverbs vii4 #bb4    ,illustration   
,no ,life so sweet as to be mad1        
,and no one ,thing to know2      ,but   
this is far remov'd from best1          
,as ,mad-men's ,actions shew4           
,secure of ,fate the witless ,fool      
,like sportive ,lambkins treads1        
,and knows not that his ev'ry ,step     
,to ,death's sad ,portals leads4        
,the ,,thief4      ,o ,lord1 ,i am      
oppressed1 undertake for me4    ,,isaiah
 xxxviii4 #ad4    ,illustration         
,men to destroy with fell ,intent1      

,the ,thief by ,night does rise2        
,but now to spoil an aged ,dame         
,of a full ,basket tries4        ,i     
suffer ,wrong1 she cries1 and ,god      
,sends ,death to her ,relief1      ,who1
 by the ,hangman's certain ,gripe1      
,strangles the greedy ,thief4           
,the ,,blind ,,man4      ,if the ,blind 
lead the ,blind1 both shall fall into   
the ,ditch4    ,,matthew xv4 #ad4       
,illustration        ,the blind ,man to 
a ,guide as blind        ,himself does  
here commit2      ,both wanting ,sight1 
they here descend        ,into the fatal
 ,pit4        ,for1 while the ,man does 
vainly hope        ,success his ,steps  
attends1      ,into the ,darkness of the
 ,grave        ,he suddenly descends4   
,the ,,charioteer4      ,and he sunk    
down in his ,chariot4    #b ,,kings ix4 
#bd4    ,illustration        ,the       
,charioteer1 by ,horses fierce1         
,is rapid whirl'd along2      ,the      
,reins they scorn1 while ,fear of ,death
        ,contends with ,reason strong4  

,the rapid ,wheel at length torn off1   
,the ,axle overthrows2      ,while1 from
 the ,casks1 the precious ,wine         
,in copious ,torrents flows4            
,the ,,beggar4      ,o wretched ,man    
that ,i am1 who shall deliver me from   
the ,body of this  ,death8    ,,romans  
vii4 #bd4    ,illustration        ,he   
that from hence to be releas'd1         
,with ,christ to live1 desires1         
,despises ,death1 and to the ,stars     
,in ,words like these aspires3          
,who from this mortal ,body will        
,me wretched ,man release2      ,and    
snatch me ,wretch6 from this vile       
,world1        ,to ,realms of purest    
,peace8          ,the ,,husband4        
,what taketh away the ,life8 ,even      
,death4    ,,ecclesiasticus xxxi4 #bgbj4
    ,remember that ,death will not be   
long in coming4    ,,ecclesiasticus xiv4
 #ab4    ,illustration        ,the      
,tyrant ,death1 ,o ,husband fond1       
,the worst of all its ,foes1      ,is to
 our ,life and its short ,course1       

,with constant ,steps pursues4          
,reflect then in thy ,prime of ,life    
7,life's transitory ,day7      ,that to 
thy ,end it thee conducts        ,by    
gradual ,decay4    #bj ,the ,original of
 this ,passage has no corresponding     
,words in the  ,translation of the      
,bible now in ,use1 and the above is    
therefore inserted  from the former     
,translation4          ,the ,,wife4     
,of the ,woman came the ,beginning of   
,sin1 and through her we all die4       
,,ecclesiasticus xxv4 #d4               
,illustration        ,from ,eve1 the    
,mother of ,mankind1        ,our ,parent
 ,adam's ,wife1      ,sprang ,sin1 and  
thence fell ,death arose1        ,the   
,enemy of ,life4        ,let not1       
howe'er1 thy tender ,mind        ,to    
,grief a ,victim fall1      ,if ,death  
should thee to quit this ,world1        
,like other ,mortals1 call4             
,the ,,last ,,judgment4      ,we shall  
all stand before the ,judgment-,seat of 
,christ4    ,,romans xiv4 #aj4    ,watch

 therefore1 for ye know not what ,hour  
your ,lord doth come4    ,,matthew xxiv4
 #db4    ,illustration        ,for all  
his ,actions to account1        ,by     
,god's express ,command1      ,each ,man
 before the ,judgment-,seat        ,of  
the just ,judge shall stand4        ,let
 us be therefore vigilant1        ,lest1
 when that ,time shall come1      ,god1 
for our ,actions1 should pronounce      
,a just but angry ,doom4        ,and    
since when that ,hour shall arrive1     
,no ,mortal can declare2      ,for its  
,approach the pious ,man        ,will   
watch and well prepare4                 
,whatsoever thou takest in ,hand1       
remember the ,end1 and thou shalt never 
do amiss4    ,,ecclesiasticus vii4 #cf4 
,illustration        ,spotless to live  
if thou desir'st1        ,and free from 
every ,vice1      ,let this ,memorial   
constantly        ,be placed before     
thine ,eyes4        ,for it will often  
thee remind1        ,that ,death will   
soon arrive1      ,and frequent ,thought

 to all thy ,acts        ,will a due    
,caution give4        ,vouchsafe1 ,o    
,christ1 with ,heart sincere1           
,that we thy ,paths may tread1      ,and
 that to all the heav'nly ,path         
,may thus be open made4          ,as by 
one ,man ,sin entered into the ,world1  
and ,death by ,sin2 and so ,death       
passed upon all ,men1 for that all have 
sinned4    ,,romans v4 #ab4             
,,finis4