,,! ,,con*ologi/',s ,,fir/ ,,book3 ,a ,,sy/em ,,( ,,te/ace\s ,,malacology1 ,arrang$ expressly = ! use ( ,s*ools1 ,,9 ,,:i* ,,! ,,animals1 ,,accord+ ,,to ,,cuvi]1 ,,are ,,giv5 ,,) ,,! ,,%ells1 ,a ,,great ,,numb] ,,( ,,new ,,species ,,add$1 ,,& ,,! ,,:ole ,,br\ght ,,up1 ,,z ,,accurately ,,z ,,possible1 ,,to ,,! ,,pres5t ,,condition ,,( ,,! ,,sci5ce4 ,,by ,,edg> ,a4 ,,poe4 ,,second ,,edition4 ,,) ,,illu/rations ,,( ,,two ,,hundr$ ,,& ,,fifte5 ,,%ells1 ,,pres5t+ ,a ,,correct ,,type ,,( ,,ea* ,,g5us4 ,,philadelphia3 ,,publi%$ ,,= ,,! ,,au?or1 ,,by ,,haswell1 ,,b>r+ton1 ,,& ,,haswell1 ,,& ,,= ,,sale ,,by ,,! ,,pr9cipal ,,booksell]s ,,9 ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates4 #ahdj4 ,ent]$ accord+ to act ( ,congress1 9 ! ye> #ahci1 by ,,edg> ,a4 ,,poe1 9 ! cl]k's (fice = ! ea/]n di/rict ( ,p5nsylvania4 ,pr9t$ by ,haswell1 ,b>r+ton1 & ,haswell4 ,,preface ,,to ,,! ,,fir/ ,,edition4 ,! t]m 8,malacology10 an abbreviation ( 8,malacozoology10 f ! ,greek 1 s(t1 1 an animal1 & 1 a disc\rse1 0 fir/ employ$ by ! ,fr5* naturali/ ,de ,bla9ville to designate an important division ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 9 :i* ! lead+ feature ( ! animals discuss$ 0 ! s(tness ( ! fle%1 or1 to speak ) great] accuracy1 ( ! g5]al envelop4 ,?is division compreh5ds n only ! ,mollusca1 b also ! ,te/acea ( ,ari/otle & ( ,pl9y1 &1 ( c\rse1 _h ref]5ce to mollusc\s animals 9 g5]al--( :i* ! great] portion h %ells4 ,a treatise conc]n+ ! %ells1 exclusively1 ( ?is great] portion1 is t]m$1 9 accordance ) g5]al usage1 a ,treatise ^u ,con*ology or ,con*yliology2 al?\gh ! ^w is some:at improp]ly appli$1 z ! ,greek con*ylion1 f :i* x is d]iv$1 embraces 9 its signification bo? ! animal & %ell4 ,o/racology w\ld h be5 m def9ite4 ,! common works ^u ?is subject1 h[ev]1 w appe> to e p]son ( sci5ce v ess5tially defective1 inasmu* z ! relation ( ! animal & %ell1 ) _! dep5d5ce ^u ea* o!r1 is a radically important consid]ation 9 ! exam9ation ( ei!r4 ,nei!r1 9 ! attempt to obviate ?is difficulty1 is a "w ^u ,malacology at l>ge necess>ily includ$4 ,%ells1 x is true1 =m1 &1 = _m obvi\s reasons1 w cont9ue to =m1 ! subject ( *ief int]e/1 :e!r ) reg>d to ! s*ool or ! cab9et2 /ill !re is no good reason :y a book ^u ,con*ology 7us+ ! common t]m7 may n be malacological z f> z x proce$s4 ,9 ?is view ( ! subject ! pres5t little "w is (f]$ to ! public4 ,beyond ! rul+ feature--t ( giv+ an anatomical acc\nt ( ea* animal1 toge!r ) a description ( ! %ell :i* x inhabits1--,i h aim$ at little m ?an accuracy & simplicity1 z f> z ! latt] quality c be ?\ght consi/5t ) ! rigid exactions ( sci5ce4 ,no att5tion has be5 giv5 to ! m]e ,hi/ory ( ! subject2 x is conceiv$ t any disquisition on ?is head w\ld m prop]ly app]ta9 to works ( ultimate rese>*1 ?an to "o ^: sole int5tion is to make ! pupil acqua9t$1 9 z tangible a =m z possible1 ) results4 ,to af=d1 at a *eap rate1 a concise1 yet suffici5tly compreh5sive1 & especially a well illu/rat$ s*ool-book1 has be5 ! pr9cipal design4 ,9 conclusion1 ,i h only to ackn[l$ge my great indebt$ness to ! valuable public labors1 z well z private assi/ance1 ( ,mr4 ,isaac ,lea1 ( ,philadelphia4 ,to ,mr4 ,?omas ,wyatt1 & 8 late excell5t ,manual ( ,con*ology1 ,i am also "u _m obligations4 ,no bett] "w1 p]haps1 c\ld be put into ! h&s ( ! /ud5t z a second>y text book4 ,its beautiful & p]fectly well-col\r$ illu/rations af=d an aid 9 ! collection ( a cab9et sc>cely to be met ) else:]e4 ,e4 ,a4 ,p4 ,,preface ,,to ,,! ,,second ,,edition4 ,9 issu+ a second edition ( ?is 8,con*ology10 9 s v brief a p]iod s9ce ! publication ( ! fir/ l>ge impression1 ! au?or has little m to d ?an to express ! high pleasure ) :i* he has se5 8 labors well receiv$4 ,! success ( ! "w has be5 decid$2 & ! entire design has be5 accompli%$ 9 its g5]al introduction into s*ools4 ,_m important alt]ations & additions are n[ made2 errors ( ! press c>efully correct$2 _m m rec5tly discov]$ ,am]ican species add$2 & ! "w1 ^u ! :ole1 is r5d]$ m wor?y ! public approbation4 ,e4 ,a4 ,p4 ,,introduction4 ,! t]m 8,con*ology10 9 its legitimate usage1 is appli$ to t dep>tm5t ( ,natural ,hi/ory :i* has ref]5ce to animals ) te/ace\s cov]+ or %ells4 ,x is n unfrequ5tly conf\nd$ ) ,cru/aceology1 b ! di/9ction is obvi\s & radical1 ly+ n m 9 ! composition ( ! animal's habitation1 ?an 9 ! organization ( ! animal itself4 ,?is latt]1 9 ! ,cru/acea1 is ( a fibr\s nature1 & has articulat$ limbs2 ! %ell1 /rictly adapt$ to ! memb]s1 cov]s ! creature l a coat ( mail1 is produc$ at "o elaboration1 is ca/ or ?r[n aside p]iodically1 &1 aga9 at "o elaboration1 r5ew$2 x is moreov] compos$ ( ! animal matt] ) phosphate ( lime4 ,9 ! ,te/acea1 on ! contr>y1 ! inhabitant is ( a simple & s(t texture1 )\t bones1 & is atta*$ to its domicil by a c]ta9 adhesive muscul> =ce2 ?is domicil1 too1 is a p]man5t "o1 & is increas$1 f "t to "t1 by gradual additions on ! "p ( ! t5ant2 :ile ! entire %ell1 :i* is di/ribut$ 9 lay]s1 or /rata1 is a comb9ation ( c>bonate ( lime1 ) a v small portion ( gelat9\s matt]4 ,su* animals1 !n1 ) su* %ells1 =m1 alone1 ! subject ( a prop] 8,con*ology40 ,writ]s h n be5 want+ to decry ?is /udy z frivol\s or iness5tial2 mo/ unju/ly assail+ ! sci5ce itself1 on acc\nt ( ! gross abuses :i* h n[ & !n aris5 f its exclusive & extravagant pursuit4 ,!y h reason$ mu* aft] ?is fa%ion3--t ,con*ology is a folly1 because ,rumphius 0 a fool4 ,! ,conus ,c$o ,nulli has be5 sold = ?ree hundr$ gu9eas2 & ! naturali/ j m5tion$ gave a ?\s& p\nds /]l+ = "o ( ! fir/ discov]$ specim5s ( ! ,v5us ,dione 7( ,l9nu74 ,b !re h be5 m5 9 all ages :o h c>ri$ to an absurd1 & ev5 p]nici\s extreme1 pursuits ! mo/ ennobl+ & praisewor?y4 ,to an upright & well regulat$ m9d1 !re is no portion ( ! works ( ! ,creator1 com+ )9 its cognizance1 :i* w n af=d mat]ial = att5tive & pleasurable inve/igation2 &1 s f> f admitt+ ! v5]able error ev5 n[ p>tially exi/+ to ! discr$it ( ,con*ology1 we %\ld n hesitate to ackn[l$ge1 t :ile few bran*es ( ,natural ,hi/ory are ( m direct1 v few are ( m adv5titi\s importance4 ,te/ace\s animals =m ! pr9cipal subsi/5ce ( an imm5se numb] ( savage nations1 inhabitants ( ! sea-bo>d4 ,on ! coa/ ( ,we/]n ,africa1 ( ,*ili1 ( ,new ,holl&1 & 9 ! clu/]$ & popul\s isl&s ( ! ,s\!rn seas1 h[ va/ an item is ! app>5tly unimportant %ell-fi% 9 ! weal? & happ9ess ( man6 ,9 m civiliz$ c\ntries x (t5 supplies ! table ) a delicate luxury4 ,nor mu/ we =get ! s]vices ( ! p9na ) its web1 nor ( ! purpura ) its brilliant & once valuable dye1 nor omit to speak ( ! pe>l-oy/]1 ) ! radiant nacre1 & ! gem :i* x produces1 & ! _w ( indu/ry :i* x sets 9 action z m9i/] to ! luxury :i* x /imulates4 ,%ells1 too1 be+ compos$ ( p>ticles already 9 natural comb9ation1 h n )9 !m1 l fl[]s & animals1 ! se$ ( dissolution4 ,:ile ! prep>ation ( a specim5 = ! cab9et is a simple op]ation1 a con*ological collection w yet rema9 p]fect = ages4 ,^! important circum/ances be+ duly consid]$1 9 connexion ) ! univ]sally ackn[l$g$ beauty & v>iety1 bo? ( =m & col\r1 s /rik+ly obs]vable 9 %ells1 x is a matt] = nei!r wond] nor regret t ^! magnific5t exuvi1 ev5 reg>d$ m]ely z su*1 %\ld h attract$1 9 a v exclusive degree1 ! att5tion & ! admiration ( ! naturali/4 ,! /udy ( ,con*ology1 h[ev]1 :5 legitimately direct$1 & :5 reg>d+ ^! exuvi 9 _! natural po9t ( view1 z ! habitations1 wond]fully con/ruct$1 ( an imm5sely num]\s & va/ly important bran* ( ! animal creation1 w lead ! m9d ( ! inve/igator ?r\gh pa?s hi!rto b imp]fectly trodd51 to _m novel contemplations ( ,almighty ,b5efic5ce & ,design4 ,b x is1 beyond all d\bt1 9 a geological po9t ( view t ,con*ology (f]s ! mo/ ( int]e/ to ! /ud5t2 & "h1 by ref]5ce to ! fair pages ( a pr(\nd & mighty k to :i* x has po9t$ out ! se>*] aft] tru?1 are triumphantly refut$ all *>ges br\ght aga9/ x ( insignificance or frivolity4 8,9 f9e1 ! relations ( ! mollusca10 says ,de ,bla9ville1 8) ! m9]al k+dom1 & consequ5tly ) ! mass ( ! e>? :i* !y contribute to =m1 are n devoid ( int]e/1 = )\t seek+ "h to resolve ! physiological "q--:e!r ! con*ylif]\s mollusca borr[ ( ! inorganic k+dom ! calc>e\s matt] :i* composes _! %ells1 or :e!r !y =m x ( !mselves1 x is /ill c]ta9 t !y produce1 at lea/1 *anges ^u ! surface ( ! e>? by accumulat+ ?is mat]ial 9 "s places m ?an 9 o!rs1 & 9 consequ5ce t !y alt] ! physiognomy ( ! sup]ficial /ructure ( ! globe1 ! /udy ( :i* con/itutes geognosy40 8,by ?is10 says ,p>k9son1 8we are taught t innum]able be+s h liv$1 ( :i* n "o ( ! same k9d does any long] exi/--t imm5se b$s compos$ ( ! spoils ( ^! animals1 ext5d+ = _m miles "u gr\nd1 are met ) 9 _m p>ts ( ! globe--t enorm\s *a9s ( m\nta9s1 :i* seem to load ! surface ( ! e>?1 are va/ monum5ts1 9 :i* ^! rema9s ( =m] ages are entomb$--t1 ?\gh ly+ ?us cru%$ toge!r1 9 a rude & confus$ mass1 !y are h\rly suff]+ ^? *anges1 by :i*1 aft] ?\s&s ( ye>s1 !y become ! *ief con/itu5t p>ts ( gems1 ! lime/one :i* =ms ! humble cottage ( ! peasant1 or ! m>ble :i* adorns ! spl5did palace ( ! pr9ce40 ,fossil1 wood1 coral1 & %ells1 are1 inde$1 z ,b]gman v =cibly obs]ves1 ! only true rema9+ 8m$als ( ,creation40 ,,explanation ,,( ,,! ,,p>ts ,,( ,,%ells4 ,,multivalve4 ,a ,,multivalve %ell is compos$ ( m p>ts ?an two4 ,e "p ( a %ell :i* is connect$ by a c>tilage1 ligam5t1 h+e1 or too?1 is call$ a valve ( su* %ell2 ?us1 ! ,*itons h eight transv]se1 broad1 b v %ort valves1 plac$ on ! back ( ! animal1 & ins]t$ at _! sides into a m>g9al t\gh ligam5t4 ,plate ,i4 fig4 #aa1 a a a4 ,op]culum consi/s ( f\r small valves on ! summit ( ! ,lepas1 :i* %ut up ! sup]ior orifice2 x is 9 a c]ta9 degree /ation>y1 & diff]5t f ! op]culum ( univalve %ells1 :i* w h]eaft] be describ$4 ,plate ,i4 fig4 #a1 ,a4 ,fig4 #i repres5ts a pr(ile view ( ! op]culum remov$ f its place1 a ! front valves1 b ! back valves4 ,fig4 #aj a front view ( ! op]culum4 ,base is t "p ( ! %ell by :i* x is fix$ to rocks & o!r bodies4 ,plate ,i4 fig4 #a & #b1 ,b ,b ,b4--,h is a piece ( /one to :i* ! base is fix$1 & ,g a piece ( wood to :i* ! %ells ( ?is section are g5]ally atta*$4 ,ligam5t is ! membran\s or t5d9\s sub/ance by :i* ! valves or p>ts ( ! %ell are atta*$4 ,"s multivalve %ells are connect$ by ! p>ts ( "o valve lock+ into ano!r4 ,plate ,i4 fig4 #b1 ,d ,d ,d4 ,! ligam5ts v>y consid]ably 9 _! texture1 be+ scaly1 prickly1 smoo?1 or punctat$4 ,ridges are c]ta9 convexities 9 _m ( ! ,lepas tribe1 sometimes longitud9al & sometimes transv]se4 ,plate ,i4 fig4 #a1 ,f ,f4 ,p$uncle4 ,a sort ( /em by :i* ! %ells ( ! ,anatif]a are atta*$ to wood1 c4 ,x is a membranace\s sub/ance1 simil> to a bladd] b mat]ially ?9n]1 & fill$ ) a liquid :i* evid5tly af=ds n\ri%m5t to ! animal4 ,plate ,i4 fig4 #b1 ,c ,c2 ! p$uncle is usually affix$ to a piece ( wood z repres5t$ at ,g4 ,feel]s are ^? cr5at$ arms1 evolv$ f ! side ( ! ,anatif]a4 ,:ile ! animal is 9 ! wat] x cont9ually moves its feel]s1 evid5tly = ! purpose ( entangl+ m9ute m>9e insects1 z food4 ,plate ,i4 fig4 #b1 ,e ,e4 ,accessory valves are small plates :i* cov] ! apex at ! h+e ( ! ,pholades1 or are situat$ bel[ ! h+e4 ,plate ,i4 fig4 #c1 a4 ,m>g94 ,a fle%y bord] 9 :i* ! valves are atta*$ 9 ! g5us ,*iton4 ,plate ,i4 fig4 #aa1 b b4 ,,bivalve4 ,bivalve %ells consi/ ( two p>ts or valves1 connect$ by a c>tilage1 & a h+e :i* is g5]ally compos$ ( tee?2 ^? ( ! "o valve lock+ into a cavity 9 ! o!r4 ,! valves ( "s bivalve %ells are =m$ exactly alike1 & o!rs are v diff]5t2 ! "o be+ smoo?1 ! o!r rugose2 "o flat & ano!r convex2 & (t5 "o is %ort] ?an ! o!r4 ,! %ells ( ! ,mya1 ,sol51 ,tell9a1 ,v5us1 & o!rs1 h 9 g5]al bo? valves alike1 :ile ^? ( ! ,spondylus1 ,o/rea1 & ,anomia1 h 9 g5]al dissimil> valves4 ,! fir/ ( ^! k9ds are call$ equivalve1 & ! latt] inequivalve4 ,equilat]al %ells1 are ^? ^: sides are alike1 z 9 ! %ells ( ! g5us ,pect54 ,plate ,,ii4 fig4 #b1 & ,plate ,,vii4 fig4 #ad4 ,?is is also exemplifi$ 9 ! ,pectunclus4 ,inequilat]al valves are %ells ^: sides are unequal2 & ( diff]5t %apes1 z 9 ! ,mactra1 ,donax1 c4 ,summit is ! mo/ elevat$ po9t ( t "p ( ! %ell 9 :i* ! h+e is plac$4 ,plate ,i4 fig4 #d1 i k4 ,9 nam+ ?is ! summit we d n foll[ ! axiom ( ,l9nu1 b because we consid] x m prop]ly ! summit ( ! %ell ?an ! opposite extremity4 ,base is ! rev]se ( ! above1 or t "p ( ! %ell imm$iately opposite ! summit4 ,plate ,i4 fig4 #f & #g1 d d4 ,sides1 ! "r & left p>ts ( ! valves4 ,plate ,i4 fig4 #f1 c4 ,po/]ior slope is t "p ( ! %ell 9 :i* ! ligam5t is situat$4 ,9 view+ ! po/]ior slope 9 front1 ! beaks ( ! %ell retire f view4 ,plate ,i4 fig4 #d1 i4 ,ant]ior slope1 t "p ( ! %ell opposite ! po/]ior slope2 9 view+ x 9 front1 ! beaks po9t to ! obs]v]4 ,plate ,i4 fig4 #d1 k4 ,disk1 ! convex c5tre ( a valve1 or mo/ prom95t "p ( ! valve1 suppose x ) its inside ly+ und]mo/4 ,plate ,i4 fig4 #d1 o4 ,inside1 ! concave "p ( a valve4 ,plate ,,iv4 fig4 #f1 m4 ,muscul> impression is ! impression left on ! inside ( ! valves1 by ! adh]+ muscles ( ! animal4 ,x diff]s 9 mo/ %ells1 accord+ to ! %ape ( ! animal1 z semi-ovate1 r\nd1 lunate1 elongat$1 c4 ,z a specific di/9ction1 x is (t5 ( great use2 be+1 ) a v few exceptions1 alike 9 %ells ( ! same species4 ,"s %ells h only "o cicatrix1 z ! ,edible ,oy/] & ,mytilus2 o!rs h two1 & "s few m2 ! ,tell9a = example4 ,plate ,i4 fig4 #f & #h1 e e e e4 ,lunule4 ,! lunat$ depressions1 situat$ 9 ! ant]ior & po/]ior slopes4 ,9 diff]5t species ( ,v5us !y are prom95t *>act]i/ic m>ks1 (t5 ( mu* s]vice 9 asc]ta9+ a species4 ,plate ,i4 fig4 #d1 b b4 ,ligam5t p]=ation4 ,! circul> ap]ture1 or p]=ation ?r\gh :i* ! ligam5t passes2 by :i* ! animal ( ! ,anomia atta*es itself to /ones & o!r m>9e extrane\s bodies1 x is 9 g5]al situat$ 9 ! flat valve1 ?\gh !re are a few exceptions to ! contr>y4 ,plate ,i4 fig4 #g1 m4 ,h+e is ! po9t at :i* bivalve %ells are unit$2 x is =m$ by ! tee? ( "o valve ins]t+ !mselves betwe5 ^? ( ! o!r1 or by ! tee? ( "o valve fitt+ into ! cavities or sockets ( ! opposite "o4 ,x is on ! peculi> con/ruction ( ! h+e t ! g5]ic "* ( bivalve %ells is pr9cipally f\nd$1 toge!r ) ! g5]al cont\r ( ! %ell4 ,plate ,,ii4 fig4 #a & #c1 q q q4 ,tee? ( ! h+e4 ,^u ! numb] & relative situation ( ! tee? pr9cipally dep5d ! specific di/9ctions2 !y are ( v>i\s =ms1 & v diff]5tly plac$2 "s are s+le & l>ge1 o!rs num]\s & small1 orbicul>1 spatuli=m1 lam9at$1 c4 ,"s h+es h no visible tee?1 & are t]m$ in>ticulate4--,:5 a prim>y too? has a groove or holl[ 9 its c5tre1 x is call$ complicat$4 ,plate ,,iv4 ,fig4 #f1 e2 ^? ) few tee? are t]m$ articulate4 ,plate ,,iv4 fig4 #a & #ab2 & ^? ) _m tee? multi>ticulate4 ,plate ,,iv4 fig4 #b1 #c1 #d1 c4 ,plate ,i4 fig4 #f1 & #h1 g g g g4 ,prim>y tee? are ^? tee? 9 g5]al situat$ 9 ! c5tre ( ! h+e1 & are = ! mo/ "p broad1 l>ge1 & di/9ct1 (t5 elevat$2 & 9 g5]al are ins]t$ 9 a cavity 9 ! opposite valve4 ,!y h[ev] diff] v mu* 9 "s %ells1 b may easily be di/+ui%$4 ,plate ,,iv4 fig4 #a1 #c1 & #g1 a a a a a4 ,^! are also t]m$ ! ,c>d9al ,tee?4 ,lat]al ,tee?1 ,plate ,,iv4 fig4 #aj1 are tee? :i* div]ge f ! ,umbo1 & are 9 g5]al long & flat1 (t5 d\ble & divid$ by a groove or holl[4 ,plate ,,iv4 fig4 #b1 #d1 #f1 & #g4 b b b b4 ,d\ble ,tee?1 ,plate ,,iv4 fig4 #a1 c c4 ,incurv$ ,tee? are ^? :i* are b5t r\nd1 z 9 ! s+le too? ( ! ,sol54 ,plate ,,iv4 fig4 #h1 f f4 ,recurv$ ,tee?1 are ^? :i* are b5t backw>ds1 z 9 ! h+e ( ! ,panopea & ,spondylus4 ,middle ,tee?1 ,plate ,,iv4 fig4 #d1 d d4 ,^! are also t]m$ ,c>d9al ,tee?4 ,num]\s ,tee?1 are ^? small upright tee?1 set 9 r[s1 ( :i* ! h+es ( all ! species ( ! g5us ,arca are =m$4 ,plate ,,iv4 fig4 #aj1 k k4 ,cavity ( ! ,h+e4 ,! holl[ depression 9 :i* ! ligam5t ( ! ,o/rea is situat$1 g5]ally ( a triangul> =m4 ,plate ,,iv4 fig4 #aa1 g4 ,ligam5t ( ! ,h+e1 or c>tilage1 is t flexible fibr\s sub/ance by :i* ! valves are unit$1 & ! h+es kept 9 _! prop] places2 g5]ally situat$ "u ! beaks ( ! %ell4 ,plate ,,ii4 fig4 #a1 #c1 & #d1 l l l2 ,plate ,,iv4 fig4 #c1 n4 ,beak is ! extreme po9t ( ! summit ( bivalves1 :i* 9 _m species turns spirally d[nw>ds or to ! "o side1 z 9 "s species ( ,v5us1 c4 ,f ?is circum/ance x is seldom ! highe/ "p ( ! %ell4 ,plate ,,ii4 fig4 #e1 r r4 ,seam4 ,:5 ! valves are clos$1 ! l9e ( sep>ation betwe5 !m is s call$4 ,plate ,,ii4 fig4 #f1 t t4 ,umbo4 ,t "p situat$ imm$iately "u ! beak4 ,plate ,i4 fig4 #f1 w2 & ,plate ,,ii4 fig4 #d1 w4 ,e>s4 ,! processes on ea* side ( ! beak1 9 mo/ species ( t division ( ,o/rea1 call$ ,pect52 "s h "o e> v l>ge1 & ! o!r small2 & "s are sc>cely obs]vable on "o side4 ,pl4 ,,ii4 fig4 #b1 h h4 ,sup]ior ,e>4 ,plate ,,iv4 fig4 #aa1 h4 ,inf]ior ,e>4 ,d4 d4 i4 ,m>g94 ,! extreme edge ( ! :ole %ell1 or ! circumf]5ce ( ei!r valve1 all r\nd4 ,plate ,i4 fig4 #d1 p2 & ,plate ,,ii4 fig4 #a1 p4 ,cr5ulat$ m>g94 ,t f9e not*$ edge ( %ells1 :i* unite into not*es 9 ! opposite valve1 z g5us ,donax4 ,plate ,,iv4 fig4 #f1 m m4 ,/ri are f9e ?read-l l9es1 g5]ally on ! ext]ior surface ( %ells1 & are sometimes bo? longitud9al & transv]se4 ,:5 ! /ri ( %ells appe> indi/9ct1 z if worn out1 x is t]m$ obsolete /ri4 ,9 "s in/ances ! insides ( %ells are /riat$2 = example1 ! ,fasciol>ia ,tulipa4 ,! "* ( ! /ri is (t5 ( mu* use 9 di/+ui%+ species4 ,plate ,,ii4 fig #b1 f4 ,"r ,valve is t valve :i*1 :5 view$ ) ! inside upp]mo/1 has ! ant]ior slope po9t+ to ! "r h&4 ,plate ,i4 fig4 #h2 & ,plate ,,iv4 figs4 #e & #f1 ,b4 ,left ,valve4 ,! opposite ( ! above2 ! ant]ior slope po9ts to ! left h&1 :5 view$ f ! inside4 ,plate ,,iv4 figs4 #c1 #f1 #g1 #i1 c4 ,l5g? ( ! ,%ell is tak5 f ! ligam5t1 or ! beak1 to ! opposite m>g94 ,= example1 ,mytilus3 x is long] ?an x is broad1 & ! ,sol5s are broad] ?an long4 ,plate ,i4 fig4 #e1 u u2 & ,plate ,,ii4 fig4 #d1 v v4 ,bread? is measur$ f ! mo/ extreme edge ( ! ant]ior & po/]ior slopes1 be+ 9 a contr>y direction f its l5g?4 ,_m %ells are broad] ?an long1 su* z mo/ ( ! ,my1 ,sol51 ,tell91 c42 & ! ,mytilus1 ,o/rea1 ,p9na1 c41 are 9 g5]al long] ?an broad4 ,plate ,i4 fig4 #e1 v v4 ,plate ,,ii4 fig4 #d1 v v4 ,byssus1 or be>d1 is an app5dage compos$ ( filam5ts ( a silky texture1 by :i* "s ( ! ,bivalves fa/5 !mselves to _! b$s1 su* z ! ,mytilus1 ,p9n1 c4 ,plate ,,ii4 fig4 #f1 s4 ,,univalve4 ,! %ells call$ univalve1 or ^? compos$ ( "o "p only1 are f> m num]\s ?an ! two prec$+1 bo? 9 g5]a & species2 & x requires a consid]able degree ( att5tion to discrim9ate _m ( ! species1 z !y run into ea* o!r s mu*2 & !y are dive/$ ( ! /rong & di/9ct "* af=d$ by ! tee? ( bivalves2 besides _m ( ! species !re are sev]al v>ieties4 ,9 ! exam9ation ( %ells ( ?is ord]1 ! g5]al cont\r or outl9e ( ! :ole %ell is ! fir/ p>ticul> to be att5d$ to1 z ?is leads to ^? di/9ctions necess>y 9 ! def9ition ( simple1 spiral1 or turb9at$ %ells1 ,univalves ) a regul> spire1 & ^? )\t a regul> spire4 ,! g5]a ( ?is ord] are =m$ pr9cipally f ! %ape ( ! ap]ture1 tak5 9 conjunction ) ! g5]al %ape ( ! %ell2 f ! spire be+ l5g!n$ or depress$1 be+ ) or )\t a canal1 ! l5g? ( ! beak & its direction1 toge!r ) ! p>ticul> =m ( ! out] lip3 ! col\r ( %ells only s]ves z a specific di/9ction1 & _c 9 ?is respect1 9 all cases1 be dep5d$ ^u1 al?\gh 9 o!rs x is an unv>y+ te/4 ,! p>ticul> mann] 9 :i* ! spots are dispos$ frequ5tly *>act]ises species4 ,apex4 ,! summit1 tip1 or highe/ "p ( ! spire4 ,plate ,,ii4 figs4 #g1 #h1 #i1 ,a ,a ,a4 ,base is ! opposite extremity f ! apex1 or tip ( ! spire4 ,9 %ells ) a beak x implies ! tip ( su* beak2 ,plate ,,ii4 fig4 #aa1 ,b4 ,9 %ells )\t a beak x is und]/ood to be ! l[] "p1 z be=e-m5tion$1 opposite ! apex2 ,plate ,,ii4 figs4 #h & #i1 ,b ,b4 ,9 ! ,patella & "s o!rs1 ! base ( ! %ell is t "p on :i* x re/s :5 x is laid on its m\?4 ,9 ! ,d5talium & ,t]$o x is ! wid] end4 ,body ( ! %ell is ! fir/ or l[] :orl ( ! spire1 9 :i* ! ap]ture is situat$1 & is 9 g5]al long] ?an ! rema9+ :orls4 ,plate ,,ii4 figs4 #aj & #ab1 ,f ,f2 & ,plate ,,iii4 figs4 #g & #i1 ,f ,f4 ,front ( ! %ell is t side :]e ! ap]ture is situat$4 ,plate ,,ii4 fig4 #g1 ,i2 & ,plate ,,iii4 fig4 #h1 ,i4 ,back is ! opposite side to t 9 :i* ! ap]ture is plac$ or turn$ directly f ! obs]v]4 ,plate ,,iii4 figs4 #e & #aj1 ,g ,g4 ,! v5t]1 or belly1 is ! mo/ prom95t "p ( ! l[] :orl or body1 g5]ally situat$ 9 ! vic9ity ( ! lip ov] ! ap]ture2 & =m$ by ! convexity ( ! ap]ture4 ,x is 9 g5]al only made use ( 9 describ+ %ells ^: body is l>ge 9 proportion to ! size ( ! spire4 ,plate ,,iii4 figs4 #e & #aj1 ,h ,h4 ,sides4 ,! extreme edges ( ! %ell1 :5 view$ ei!r 9 front or f ! back4 ,plate ,,ii4 fig4 #aa1 ,k ,k ,k ,k ,k ,k ,k ,k4 ,"r side is1 :5 ! %ell is view$ 9 front t side next ! obs]v]'s left h&4 ,left side1 ! side ) ! ap]ture 9 x4 ,ap]ture1 or m\?1 is t "p ( ! l[] :orl or body by :i* ! animal protrudes itself4 ,?is is "o ( ! pr9cipal g5]ic di/9ctions ( ,univalve %ells1 & diff]s v mu* 9 %ape2 "s ap]tures be+ r\nd$1 o!rs semilun>1 angul>1 c4 ,plate ,,ii4 figs4 #i & #aa1 ,c ,c2 & ,plate ,,iii4 figs4 #a1 #c1 & #ad1 ,c ,c ,c4 ,"s ap]tures h a canal at _! base1 & o!rs are devoid ( x4 ,9 v>i\s g5]a x ext5ds ! :ole l5g? ( ! %ell1 z 9 ! ,cypra1 & "s ( ! ,cones ) depress$ spires4 ,?is 9 sev]al individuals is ei!r entirely op51 or is clos$ by an op]culum or lid1 :i* is usually affix$ to ! foot ( ! animal4 ,canal1 or gutt]1 is ! inside ( ! elongations ( ! ap]ture1 or bo? lips ( ! %ell ( ^? species ) a beak1 9 :i* x =ms a concave *annel or gutt]1 runn+ f its comm5cem5t 9 ! ap]ture to ! extremity or base4 ,plate ,,ii4 figs4 #aj & #aa1 ,q ,q4 ,plate ,,iii4 fig4 #h1 ,q4 ,"s species are furni%$ ) two canals1 "o situat$ at ! junction ( ! out] lip & body1 z 9 ! ,murex4 ,beak is t l5g!n$ process 9 :i* ! canal is situate2 x comm5ces a little high] up1 on ! outside1 ?an ! ins]tion ( ! canal 9 ! inside1 :i* is always di/9ctly m>k$ by ! l9e ( ! ap]ture4 ,plate ,,ii4 fig4 #aa1 p4 ,?is process is n s conspicu\s 9 "s ( ! species ( ,voluta1 b is m m>k$ 9 ! g5]a ,murex1 ,fusus1 ,pyrula1 c4 ,pill>1 or columella1 is t process :i* runs ?r\gh ! c5tre ( ! %ell 9 ! inside f ! base to ! apex 9 mo/ univalve %ells1 & appe>s to be ! support ( ! spire3 &1 inde$1 seems to =m t "p ( ! %ell3 x is 9 g5]al groov$ or fold$2 b1 z x is situat$ 9 ! int]ior ( ! %ell1 a m9ute description is unnecess>y4 ,plate ,,ii4 figs4 #aj & #ab1 ,m ,m ,m ,m ,m2 & ,plate ,,iii4 fig4 #i1 ,m ,m ,m4 ,! int]nal edge ( its base is frequ5tly describ$ z hav+ plaits1 c4 ,plait$ ,columella are ^? folds1 or plaits1 :i* are ! di/+ui%+ *>act]i/ic ( ! ,volut & o!r g5]a4 ,plate ,,ii4 fig4 #g1 z4 ,pill> ,lip is a cont9uation ( ! glossy process ) :i* ! ap]ture is l9$1 & exp&$ on ! columella4 ,plate ,,iii4 figures #g & #h1 ,o ,o4 ,?is is t]m$ ! inn] lip by "s au?ors4 ,out] ,lip4 ,! expansion1 or cont9uation ( ! body ( ! %ell on ! left m>g9 ( ! ap]ture1 & is also l9$ ) ! glossy process ( ! ap]ture4 ,plate ,,ii4 fig4 #g1 ,n2 & ,plate ,,iii4 fig4 #h1 ,n ,n ,n4 ,! latt] is an example ( ! alat$ or w+$ %ells4 ,op]culum1 or lid4 ,?is is only an app5dage to ! turb9at$ or spiral %ells affix$ to ! foot ( ! animal1 sometimes ( a te/ace\s1 9 o!rs ( a horny or c>tilag9\s sub/ance4 ,x acts z a door or lid1 & is calculat$ = ! protection ( ! animal1 :5 x retires )9 its dwell+1 f ! intrusion ( its enemies1 & adapt$ to ! %ape ( ! ap]ture1 :i* x closes nicely up3 z exemplifi$ 9 ! op]culum ( ! ,turbo1 & is ( a h>d1 /ony appe>ance4 ,plate ,,iii4 fig4 #d4 ,spire consi/s ( all ! :orls ( ! %ell1 except ! l[] "o1 :i*1 z be=e obs]v$1 is t]m$ ! body ( ! %ell4 ,plate ,,ii4 fig4 #ab1 ,d2 & ,plate ,,iii4 figures #g & #h1 ,d ,d4 ,! spire is a prom95t feature ( ! ,univalve2 & ^u its be+ elevat$1 depress$1 c41 dep5ds mu* ( ! g5]ic & specific def9ition4 ,adanson1 9 8 #8,natural ,hi/ory ( ,s5egal1' says t ! ext]nal "* ( ! spire v>ies accord+ to ! plane !y turn ^u1 :i*1 he obs]ves1 is ei!r horizontal1 cyl9drical1 conic1 or ovoid4 ,at ! same "t1 he admits t !re are a great _m int]m$iate =ms :i* _c prop]ly be def9$4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$ t _m ( ! "y %ells h n ! same numb] ( wrea?s z ! adults2 f :i* x w\ld appe>1 t ! "p ( ! animal ne>e/ ! apex nev] increases 9 size4 ,! numb] ( wrea?s _c1 at all times1 be dep5d$ ^u4 ,a full gr[n %ell may1 h[ev]1 be kn[n f ! out] lip1 :i* has g5]ally an unf9i%$ appe>ance 9 "y %ells4 ,inde$1 9 all ! l& & fre% wat] %ells x is a di/9ct crit]ion1 z !y are nev] complete 9 ! =m ( ! out] lip till full gr[n4 ,:orl is "o ( ! wrea?s or volutions ( ! %ell4 ,plate ,,ii4 fig4 #h1 ,l2 & ,plate ,,iii4 fig4 #aj1 ,l4 ,depress$ ,spire is :5 ! spire is v flat1 z 9 ! %ells ( ! g5us ,planorbis1 c4 ,pl4 ,,ii4 fig4 #ab1 ,d2 & ,pl4 ,,iii4 fig4 #e1 ,s4 ,a flat %ell is figur$ 9 ,plate ,,iii4 fig4 #ad4 ,involut$ ,spire1 ^? %ells :i* h _! :orls1 or wrea?s1 conceal$ 9 ! inside ( ! fir/ :orl or body1 z 9 "s ( ! ,nautili & ,cypra4 ,suture ( ! ,spire1 or :orls1 is a f9e spiral l9e1 :i* sep>ates ! wrea?s or :orls f ea* o!r2 x is sometimes cr5ulat$1 undulat$1 or sulcat$1 & n unfrequ5tly elevat$ or project+4 ,plate ,,ii4 fig4 #i1 ,e ,e4 ,rev]s$1 or ,het]o/rophe ,spire1 is :5 ! volutions ( ! spire revolve 9 ! same mann] z a common corkscrew1 or :5 ! ap]ture is plac$ d[nw>ds1 ! nature ( ! spire runs upw>ds f ! "r h& to ! left1 ,plate ,,iii4 fig4 #ac4 ,9 "s ( ! m depress$ species ( ,helix1 or ,nautilus1 great att5tion is requisite 9 ord] to asc]ta9 :i* is really ! upp] side ( ! %ell1 = x is on t side ! spiral turns are to be tak5 f ! c5tre or apex2 &1 9 mo/ in/ances1 ?is is to be det]m9$ by ! oblique direction ( ! ap]ture to ! "u "p1 :]e ! lip r>ely ext5ds s f> z on ! upp] "p4 ,9 fix$ %ells1 su* z ,s]pul1 !re is no difficulty1 z ! side :i* is sessile mu/ be consid]$ z ! base or "u "p4 ,?us1 9 ! ,s]pula ,lucida ! fix$ "p is sometimes v small1 & ! m\? turns spirally upw>ds1 9 a contr>y direction to ! sun2 & !re=e mu/ be consid]$ a rev]s$ or het]o/rophe %ell1 ! same z if ! volutions ne>e/ ! m\? _h turn$ lat]ally ^u ! c5tre or fix$ ones4 ,?is %ell1 inde$1 is mo/ frequ5tly f\nd ) regul> lat]al volutions2 & ?\gh subject to great v>iety1 ) respect to contortions1 x inv>iably turns ! ap]ture "o way4 ,9 "s species ( ,nautilus1 h[ev]1 !re c be no rule to asc]ta9 :e!r ! %ells are dextral or s9i/ral2 = :5 ! ap]ture is exactly c5tral1 ! lip embraces ! body equally1 & ! sides ( ! %ell are simil>4 ,*amb]s are ! cavities divid$ by p>titions1 at regul> or irregul> int]vals2 z 9 ! ,spirula4 ,plate ,,iii4 fig4 #aa1 ,w ,w ,w ,w ,w4 ,9 "s ( ! ,s]pul !re are also divisions1 b !y are n regul> z 9 ! ,nautili & ,spirul2 & besides1 !y diff] f !m 9 be+ devoid ( a siphunculus or communication betwe5 ! *amb]s1 ! animal =ms a complete p>tition1 & adds to its %ell1 :i* x w\ld appe> to be necessitat$ to d f its body gr[+ too l>ge = its abode4 ,sev]al ( ! ,patell h *amb]s =m$ ( lam9\s p>titions1 subspiral cells1 or processes2 ^! 9 g5]al lie horizontally1 & are q op5 at "o end1 z 9 ! ,patella ,te/ud9>ia1 ! ,crepidula1 & ,calyptra4 ,umbilicus is 9 g5]al a circul> p]=ation 9 ! base ( ! l[] :orl1 or body1 ( _m univalve %ells4 ,?is is common to mo/ ( ! ,tro*i1 9 "s species ( :i* x p5etrates f ! base to ! apex2 wide/ at ! base1 & gradually tap]+ to ! top4 ,plate ,,iii4 fig4 #a1 u4 ,sub-umbilicat$ %ells are ^? :i* h ! umbilicus cov]$ 9 a great] or less degree by a ?9 process2 :i*1 9 "s1 almo/ entirely closes ! op5+ or m\?4 ,?is "* is mo/ commonly to be met ) among species ( ,bucc9um & ,murex4 ,%ells :i* h no umbilicus are t]m$ imp]=ate4 ,siphunculus is t small r\nd p]=ation :i* =ms a communication betwe5 ! *amb]s ( ! ,spirul1 & p5etrates ?r\gh ! :ole spire ( ! %ell4 ,plate ,,iii4 fig4 #aa1 v4 ,v>ices are transv]se ribs :i* cross ! :orls ( %ells 9 "s species ( ,bucc9um1 ,murex1 & ,tritonia1 & exemplifi$ 9 ! ,cassid>ia4 ,v>ices are =m$ by ! p]iodical gr[? ( ! %ells1 ^! be+ ! m>g9 ( ! out] lip1 to :i* ! animal has atta*$ its p]iodical enl>gem5ts4 ,9 "s species !y h m ! =m ( sutures ?an ribs2 ?is is ow+ to ! m>g9 ( ! out] lip be+ b slightly develop$4 ,ribs are ^? longitud9al & transv]se protub]ances :i* are 9 _m ( ! univalve %ells4 ,plate ,,iii4 fig4 #ab1 ,r ,r ,r ,r4 ,tee? ( univalves1 or too?-%ap$ protub]ances1 are f9e1 :ite lam91 or ridges1 runn+ spirally backw>ds1 9 a p>allel direction to ea* o!r2 ^? on ! ext]ior lip may1 9 mo/ in/ances1 be trac$ ?r\gh ! outside ( ! %ell1 & are ne>ly alike 9 l5g?4 ,plate ,,iii4 fig4 #ac1 a4 ,epid]mis is a sk91 or cuticle1 cov]+ ! ext]ior surface ( %ells1 de/9$ by nature to protect _! surface f be+ injur$4 ,x is membranace\s1 some:at simil> to ! p]io/eum :i* cov]s ! bones ( animals4 ,?is sub/ance is ! production ( ! animal inhabit+ ! %ell2 x is uni=mly obs]v$ 9 "s species1 & n at all 9 o!rs4 ,%ells ) a rugg$ or unev5 surface h almo/ always ?is epid]mis4 ,9 "s x is /rong1 lam9at$1 velvety1 fibr\s1 or r\gh1 (t5 beset ) long hairs1 & 9 o!rs v ?91 smoo?1 & pellucid1 & admits ! col\rs ( ! %ell to %9e ?r\gh x4 ,9 "s species x is s dusky t x entirely obscures ! beautiful col\r+ ( ! %ell b5ea?4 ,al?\gh _m %ells are v beautiful1 ev5 ) ?is cuticle on !m1 !y are mu* m s :5 x is remov$2 b ,i w\ld by no means advise ! collector ( %ells to remove x1 unless he may h sev]al duplicates ( ! same species2 & !n he may d x by way ( v>iety4 ,x is always pref]able1 h[ev]1 to keep !m 9 a /ate ( nature4 ,a %ell ) epid]mis is repres5t$ 9 ,plate ,,iii4 fig4 ,x2 & ! effect ( ! epid]mis remov$4 ,all o!r protub]ances1 furr[s1 c41 w be describ$ at ! end ( ?is "w 9 a ,gloss>y ( ,t]ms us$ 9 ! ,sci5ce4 ,,description ,,( ,,plate ,,iv4 ,,h+es ,,( ,,bivalve ,,%ells4 ,fig4 #a4 ,h+e ( ! ,unio pictorum1 a ,prim>y too?1 c c d\ble tee?4 ,fig4 #b4 ,h+e ( ! ,sol54 b ,lat]al tee?4 ,fig4 #c4 ,h+e ( ! ,luc9a radula1 a a ,prim>y tee?1 n c>tilage4 ,fig4 #d4 ,h+e ( ! ,c>dium4 b ,lat]al too?1 d d middle tee?1 l l sp9es4 ,fig4 #e4 ,h+e ( ! ,lutr>ia4 ,fig4 #f4 ,inside ( bo? valves ( ! ,donax trunculus4 ,a is ! left valve1 & ,b is ! "r valve1 b lat]al tee?1 e prim>y complicat$ too?1 or cleft 9 ! middle1 m m cr5ulat$ m>g94 ,fig4 #g4 ,h+e ( ! ,v5us1 a a ,prim>y tee?4 ,fig4 #h4 ,h+e ( ,spondylus gd]opus1 f f incurv$ tee?4 ,fig4 #i4 ,h+e ( ,isoc>dia ,cor4 ,fig4 #aj4 ,h+e ( ! ,pectunculus1 k k num]\s small tee?2 ! di/+ui%+ *>act]i/ic ( ! ,family ,arcacea4 ,fig4 #aa4 ,h+e ( ! ,pect51 g cavity ( ! h+e1 h sup]ior e>1 i inf]ior e>4 ,fig4 #ab4 ,h+e ( ,anomia ,ephippium4 ,,classification4 ,,class ,i4 ,,annulata4 ,,f\r ,,families4 ,fam4 #a4 ,dorsalia4 ,two g5]a4 #a4 ,ar5icola4 ,species #a #b4 ,siliqu>ia4 #h #b4 ,maldania4 ,two g5]a4 #a4 ,clym5e4 ,species #a #b4 ,d5talium4 #ba #c4 ,amphitrita4 ,f\r g5]a4 #a4 ,pect9>ia4 ,species #b #b4 ,sabell>ia4 #b #c4 ,t]ebella4 #d #d4 ,amphitrite #g #d4 ,surpulacea4 ,five g5]a4 #a4 ,spirorbis4 ,species #f #b4 ,s]pula4 #bf #c4 ,v]milia4 #i #d4 ,galeol>ia4 #b #e4 ,magilus4 #b ,,class ,,ii4 ,,cirrhip$a4 ,,"o ,,family4 #a4 ,cirrhip$a4 ,t5 g5]a4 #a4 ,tubic9ella4 ,species #a #b4 ,coronula4 #e #c4 ,balanus4 #cj #d4 ,aca/a4 #d #e4 ,creusia4 #c #f4 ,pyrgoma4 #a #g4 ,anatif]a4 #f #h4 ,pollicipes4 #f #i4 ,c9]as4 #a #aj4 ,otion4 #b ,,class ,,iii4 ,,con*if]a4 ,,tw5ty ,,families4 #a4 ,tubicola4 ,six g5]a4 #a4 ,asp]gillum4 ,species #d #b4 ,clavagella4 #d #c4 ,fi/ulana4 #d #d4 ,sept>ia4 #b #e4 ,t]$9a4 #b #f4 ,t]$o4 #c #b4 ,pholad>ia4 ,two g5]a4 #a4 ,pholas4 ,species #ah #b4 ,ga/ro*na4 #c #c4 ,sol5ea4 ,f\r g5]a4 #a4 ,sol54 ,species #ba #b4 ,panopea4 #a #c4 ,solecurtus4 #aj #d4 ,glycim]is4 #b #d4 ,my>ia4 ,two g5]a4 #a4 ,mya4 ,species #h #b4 ,anat9a4 #ab #e4 ,mactracea4 ,sev5 g5]a4 #a4 ,lutr>ia4 ,species #ad #b4 ,mactra4 #dd #c4 ,crassatella4 #aa #d4 ,eryc9a4 #b #e4 ,ungul9a4 #b #f4 ,solemya4 #d #g4 ,amphidesma4 #de #f4 ,corbulacea4 ,two g5]a4 #a4 ,corbula4 ,species #aj #b4 ,p&ora4 #d #g4 ,li?ophaga4 ,?ree g5]a4 #a4 ,saxicava4 ,species #i #b4 ,petricola4 #ac #c4 ,v5]irupis4 #h #h4 ,nymphacea4 ,t5 g5]a4 #a4 ,sangu9ol>ia4 ,species #i #b4 ,psammobia4 #ba #c4 ,psammotea4 #g #d4 ,tell9a4 #fh #e4 ,tell9ides4 #b #f4 ,corbis4 #b #g4 ,luc9a4 #bf #h4 ,donax4 #ca #i4 ,capsa4 #c #aj4 ,crass9a4 #a #i4 ,con*acea4 ,sev5 g5]a4 #a4 ,cypr9a4 ,species #b #b4 ,cy!rea4 #hc #c4 ,v5us4 #ajj #d4 ,v5iric>dia4 #e #e4 ,cyclas4 #ae #f4 ,cyr5a4 #aj #g4 ,gala!a4 #a #aj4 ,c>diacea4 ,five g5]a4 #a4 ,c>dium4 ,species #eg #b4 ,c>dita4 #bc #c4 ,cypric>dia4 #e #d4 ,hiatelia4 #b #e4 ,isoc>dia4 #d #aa4 ,arcacea4 ,f\r g5]a4 #a4 ,arca4 ,species #da #b4 ,cuculla4 #a #c4 ,pectunculus4 #bb #d4 ,nucula4 #de #ab4 ,trigonacea4 ,two g5]a4 #a4 ,trigonia4 ,species #a #b4 ,ca/alia4 #a #ac4 ,naiadea4 ,f\r g5]a4 #a4 ,unio4 ,species #afg #b4 ,hyria4 #b #c4 ,anodonta4 #di #d4 ,irid9a4 #f #ad4 ,*amacea4 ,?ree g5]a4 #a4 ,dic]as4 ,species #a #b4 ,*ama4 #ah #c4 ,e!ria4 #e #ae4 ,tridacnea4 ,two g5]a4 #a4 ,tridacna4 ,species #g #b4 ,hippopus4 #a #af4 ,mytilacea4 ,?ree g5]a4 #a4 ,mytilus4 ,species #db #b4 ,modiola4 #cb #c4 ,p9na4 #ae #ag4 ,mallacea4 ,five g5]a4 #a4 ,cr5atula4 ,species #g #b4 ,p]na4 #aj #c4 ,malleus4 #f #d4 ,avicula4 #ai #e4 ,meleagr9a4 #b #ah4 ,pect9ea4 ,sev5 g5]a4 #a4 ,p$um4 ,species #a #b4 ,lima4 #f #c4 ,pect54 #fb #d4 ,plagio/oma4 #aj #e4 ,plicatula4 #e #f4 ,spondylus4 #ba #g4 ,podopsis4 #b #ai4 ,o/racea4 ,six g5]a4 #a4 ,o/rea4 ,species #di #b4 ,gryphea4 #a #c4 ,vulsella4 #f #d4 ,placuna4 #c #e4 ,anomia4 #i #f4 ,crania4 #a #bj4 ,bra*iopoda4 ,?ree g54 #a4 ,orbicula4 ,species #a #b4 ,t]ebratula4 #ac #c4 ,l+ula4 #a ,,class ,,iv4 ,,mollusca4 ,,tw5ty-,,?ree ,,families4 #a4 ,pt]opoda4 ,six g5]a4 #a4 ,hyalea4 ,species #b #b4 ,clio4 #b #c4 ,cleodora4 #b #d4 ,limnac9a4 #a #e4 ,cymbulia4 #a #f4 ,pneumod]mon #a #b4 ,phyllidiacea4 ,six g5]a4 #a4 ,phyllidia4 ,species #c #b4 ,*itonellus4 #b #c4 ,*iton4 #fc #d4 ,patella4 #di #e4 ,umbrella4 #b #f4 ,pleurobran*us4 #b #c4 ,calyptracea4 ,sev5 g54 #a4 ,p>mophorus4 ,species #d #b4 ,em>g9ula4 #e #c4 ,fissurella4 #bb #d4 ,pileopsis4 #i #e4 ,calyptrea4 #i #f4 ,crepidula4 #ac #g4 ,ancylus4 #e #d4 ,bullacea4 ,?ree g5]a4 #a4 ,ac]a4 ,species #a #b4 ,bulla4 #b #c4 ,bulla4 #ai #e4 ,aplysiacea4 ,two g5]a4 #a4 ,dolabella4 ,species #b #b4 ,aplysia4 #cg #f4 ,limac9a4 ,five g5]a4 #a4 ,limax4 ,species #e #b4 ,vitr9a4 #c #c4 ,te/acella4 #b #d4 ,p>macella4 #b #e4 ,on*idium4 #b #g4 ,colimacea4 ,elev5 g5]a4 #a4 ,helix4 ,species #bjc #b4 ,c>ocolla4 #bb #c4 ,a*at9a4 #bd #d4 ,ano/oma4 #c #e4 ,helic9a4 #ai #f4 ,pupa4 #dj #g4 ,clausilia4 #ae #h4 ,bulimus4 #fc #i4 ,succ9ea4 #g #aj4 ,auricula4 #af #aa4 ,cyclo/oma4 #ch #h4 ,lymnacea4 ,?ree g5]a4 #a4 ,lymnea4 ,species #cc #b4 ,physa4 #aj #c4 ,planorbis4 #bb #i4 ,melaniana4 ,?ree g5]a4 #a4 ,melania4 ,species #ed #b4 ,pir5a4 #f #c4 ,melanopsis4 #c #aj4 ,p]i/omiana4 ,?ree g54 #a4 ,valvata4 ,species #c #b4 ,palud9a4 #ca #c4 ,ampul>ia4 #ac #aa4 ,n]itacea4 ,f\r g5]a4 #a4 ,n]it9a4 ,species #bg #b4 ,n]ita4 #bj #c4 ,navicella4 #d #d4 ,natica4 #cf #ab4 ,ian?9ea4 ,"o g5us4 #a4 ,ian?9a4 ,species #c #ac4 ,macro/omiana4 ,f\r g54 #a4 ,sig>etus4 ,species #f #b4 ,/omatella4 #e #c4 ,/omatia4 #b #d4 ,haliotis4 #ai #ad4 ,plicacea4 ,two g5]a4 #a4 ,tornatella4 ,species #f #b4 ,pyramidella4 #f #ae4 ,scal>9a4 ,?ree g5]a4 #a4 ,scal>ia4 ,species #ad #b4 ,v]metus4 #b #c4 ,delph9ula4 #e #af4 ,turb9acea4 ,eight g54 #a4 ,sol>ium4 ,species #g #b4 ,tro*us4 #ii #c4 ,monodonta4 #cd #d4 ,turbo4 #ea #e4 ,planaxis4 #d #f4 ,phasianella4 #ab #g4 ,turritella4 #ba #h4 ,rotella4 #g #ag4 ,canalif]a4 ,elev5 g54 #a4 ,c]i?ium4 ,species #de #b4 ,pleurotoma4 #bi #c4 ,turb9ella4 #bc #d4 ,cancell>ia4 #di #e4 ,fasciol>ia4 #h #f4 ,fusus4 #df #g4 ,pyrula4 #bi #h4 ,/ru?iol>ia4 ,species #b #i4 ,ranella4 #ae #aj4 ,murex4 #gc #aa4 ,triton4 #ca #ah4 ,alata4 ,?ree g5]a4 #a4 ,ro/ell>ia4 ,species #d #b4 ,pt]ec]a4 #g #c4 ,/rombus4 #cb #ai4 ,purpurif]a4 ,elev5 g54 #a4 ,cassid>ia4 ,species #e #b4 ,cassis4 #be #c4 ,ric9ula4 #i #d4 ,purpura4 #fb #e4 ,monoc]os4 #e #f4 ,con*olepas4 #a #g4 ,h>pa4 #i #h4 ,dolium4 #g #i4 ,bucc9um4 #ff #aj4 ,eburna4 #e #aa4 ,t]ebra4 #bd #bj4 ,columell>ia4 ,five g5]a4 #a4 ,columbella4 ,species #bj #b4 ,mitra4 #hj #c4 ,voluta4 #dd #d4 ,m>g9ell4 #bd #e4 ,volv>ia4 #g #ba4 ,convoluta4 ,six g5]a4 #a4 ,cypra4 ,species #aah #b4 ,ovula4 #ab #c4 ,t]ebellum4 #c #d4 ,ancill>ia4 #d #e4 ,oliva4 #fc #f4 ,conus4 #aha #bb4 ,nautilacea4 ,two g5]a4 #a4 ,spirula4 ,species #a #b4 ,nautilus4 #b #bc4 ,het]opoda4 ,two g5]a4 #a4 ,argonauta4 ,species #c #b4 ,c>9>ia4 #c ,! ,am]ican species are designat$ by a 994 ,illu/ration3 ,pl4 #a4 ,p>ts ( ,%ells ,p4,s4 ,duval1 ,li?4 ,phila4 ,illu/ration3 ,pl4 #b4 ,p>ts ( ,%ells4 ,p4,s4 ,duval1 ,li?4 ,phila4 ,illu/ration3 ,pl4 #c4 ,p>ts ( ,%ells4 ,p4,s4 ,duval1 ,li?4 ,phila4 ,illu/ration3 ,pl4 #d4 ,h+es ( ,%ells4 ,p4,s4 ,duval4 ,li?4 ,phila4 ,illu/ration3 ,pl4 #e4 #a4 ,siliqu>ia1 #b ,d5talium1 #c ,pect9>ia1 #d ,sabell>ia1 #e ,t]ebella1 #f4 ,amphitrite1 #g ,spirorbis1 #h ,s]pula1 #i ,v]milia1 #aj ,galeol>ia1 #aa4 ,magilus1 #ab4 ,tubic9ella1 #ac4 ,coronula1 #ad4 ,balanus1 #ae ,aca/a1 #af ,creusia1 #ag ,pyrgoma1 #ah ,anatif]a1 #ai ,pollicipes1 #bj ,c9]as1 #ba4 ,otion1 #bb ,asp]gillum4 ,p4,s4 ,duval1 ,li?4 ,phila4 ,illu/ration3 ,pl4 #f4 #a ,clavagella1 #b ,fi/ulana1 #c ,sept>ia1 #d ,t]$9a1 #e ,t]$o1 #f ,pholas1 #g ,ga/ro*na1 #h ,sol5 #i ,panopea1 #aj4 ,solecurtus1 #aa4 ,glycim]is #ab ,mya1 #ac4 ,anat9a1 #ad ,lutr>ia1 #ae ,mactra1 #af4 ,crassatella1 #ag ,eryc9a1 #ah ,ungul9a1 #ai ,sol5imya1 #bj ,amphidesma1 #ba ,corbula1 #bb ,p&ora1 #bc ,saxicava4 ,p4,s4 ,duval1 ,li?4 ,phila4 ,illu/ration3 ,pl4 #g4 #a4 ,petricola #b ,v5]irupis #c4 ,sangu9ol>ia1 #d4 ,psammobia1 #e4 ,psammotea1 #f4 ,tell9a1 #g4 ,tell9ides1 #h4 ,corbis1 #i4 ,luc9a1 #aj4 ,donax1 #aa4 ,capsa1 #ab4 ,crass9a1 #ac4 ,cyclas1 #ad4 ,cyr5a1 #ae4 ,gala!a1 #af4 ,cypr9a1 #ag4 ,cy!rea1 #ah4 ,v5us1 #ai4 ,v5]ic>dia1 #bj4 ,c>dium1 #ba4 ,c>dita1 #bb4 ,cypric>dia1 #bc4 ,hiatella4 ,p4,s4 ,duval1 ,li?4 ,phila4 ,illu/ration3 ,pl4 #h4 #a4 ,isoc>dia1 #b4 ,cucullea1 #c ,arca1 #d4 ,pectuncules #e ,nucula1 #f4 ,trigonia1 #g ,ca/alia1 #h4 ,unio1 #i4 ,hyria1 #aj4 ,anodonta1 #aa4 ,irid9a1 #ab ,dic]as1 #ac4 ,*ama1 #ad4 ,e!ria1 #ae ,tridacna1 #af ,hippopus #ag4 ,mytilus1 #ah4 ,modiola1 #ai ,p9na1 #bj4 ,cr5atula1 #ba4 ,p]na1 #bb4 ,malleus4 ,p4 ,s4 ,duval4 ,li?4 ,phila4 ,illu/ration3 ,pl4 #i4 #a4 ,avicula1 #b ,meleagr9a1 #c ,p$um1 #d ,lima1 #e ,pect51 #f ,plagio/oma #g4 ,plicatula1 #h ,spondylus1 #i ,gryphea1 #aj ,o/rea1 #aa4 ,vulsella1 #ab ,placuna1 #ac ,anomia1 #ad ,crania1 #ae ,orbicula1 #af ,t]ebratula1 #ag ,l+ula1 #ah ,hyalea1 #ai ,cleodora1 #bj ,limac9a1 #ba ,cymbulia1 #bb ,*itonellus1 #bc ,*iton1 #bd ,patella1 #be ,pleurobran*us1 #bf ,umbrella1 #bg ,p>mophorus1 #bh ,emurg9ula1 #bi ,fissurella4 ,p4 ,s4 ,duval1 ,li?4 ,phila4 ,illu/ration3 ,pl4 #aj4 #a ,pileopsis1 #b ,calypt]a1 #c ,crepidula1 #d ,ancylus1 #e ,bulla1 #f ,bulla1 #g ,aplysia1 #h ,dolabella1 #i ,p>macella1 #aj ,limax1 #aa ,te/acella1 #ab ,vitr9a1 #ac ,helix1 #ad ,c>ocolla1 #ae ,ano/oma1 #af ,helic9a1 #ag ,pupa1 #ah ,clausilia1 #ai ,bulimus1 #bj ,a*al9a1 #ba ,succ9ea1 #bb ,auricula1 #bc ,cyclo/oma #bd ,planorbis1 #be ,physa1 #bf ,lymnea1 #bg ,melania1 #bh ,melanospsis1 #bi ,pir5a1 #cj ,valvata1 #ca ,palud9a1 #cb ,ampul>ia1 #cc ,n]it9a1 #cd ,navicella1 #ce ,n]ita4 ,p4 ,s4 ,duval1 ,li?4 ,phila4 ,illu/ration3 ,pl4 #aa4 #a ,natica1 #b ,jan?9a1 #c ,sig>etus1 #d ,/omalella1 #e ,/omatia1 #f ,haliotis1 #g ,tornatella1 #h ,pyramidella1 #i ,v]metus1 #aj ,scal>ia1 #aa ,delph9ula #ab ,sol>ium1 #ac ,rotella1 #ad ,tro*us1 #ae ,monodonata1 #af ,turbo1 #ag ,planaxis1 #ah ,phasianella1 #ai ,turritella1 #bj ,c]i?ium #ba ,pleurotoma1 #bb ,turb9ella1 #bc ,cancill>ia1 #bd ,fasciol>ia1 #be ,fusus1 #bf ,pyrula1 #bg ,/ru?iol>ia1 #bh ,ranella1 #bi ,murex1 #cj ,triton1 #ca ,ro/ell>ia4 ,p4 ,s4 ,duval ,li?4 ,phila4 ,illu/ration3 ,pl4 #ab4 #a ,pt]oc]as1 #b ,/rombas1 #c ,cassid>ia1 #d ,cassis1 #e ,ric9ula1 #f ,purpura1 #g4 ,monoc]os1 #h ,con*olepas1 #i ,h>pa #aj ,dolium1 #aa ,bucc9um #ab ,eburna1 #ac ,t]ebra1 #ad ,columbella1 #ae ,mitra1 #af ,voluta #ag ,m>g9ella #ah ,volv>ia1 #ai ,ovula1 #bj ,cyprea1 #ba ,t]ebellum1 #bb ,ancill>ia1 #bc ,olivia1 #bd ,conus1 #be ,spirula1 #bf ,nautilus #bg ,argonauta1 #bh ,c>9>ia4 ,p4 ,s4 ,duval1 ,li?4 ,phila4 ,,con*ology4 ,,class ,i4 ,,annulata4 ,animal s(t1 elongat$1 v]mi=m1 nak$ or inhabit+ a tube1 :i* x nev] entirely quits2 ! body furni%$ ei!r ) segm5ts or transv]se wr9kles2 (t5 )\t a head1 eyes or ant5n2 )\t articulat$ feet1 b mo/ ( !m hav+ 9 _! place bri/ly1 retractile knobs1 dispos$ 9 lat]al r[s3 m\? subt]m9al1 ei!r simple1 orbicul>1 ) lips1 or 9 ! =m ( a proboscis2 (t5 ) jaws1 a knott$ longitud9al m$ulla1 & n]ves = s5sation & motion2 ! blood r$1 circulat+ by means ( art]ies & ve9s3 respiration by ext]nal or int]nal bran*i1 :i* are sometimes imp]ceptible4 ,f\r ,families4 ,,family ,i4 ,,dorsalia4 ,two ,g5]a4 #a4 ,g5us ,ar5icola4 ,animal4 ,! gills1 or respiratory organs dorsal1 or dispos$ l5g?ways on ! body4 ,%ell4 ,suppos$ to be tubul>4 ,"o species4 ,ar5icola piscatorium4 #b4 ,g5us ,siliqu>ia4 ,pl4 ,v4 ,animal4 ,see ,ar5icola4 ,%ell v ?91 conical1 tubul>1 involut$ 9 a spiral mann]1 loosely & irregul>ly2 ap]ture circul>1 %>p edges1 int]rupt$ 9 ! middle by a not*1 ext5d+ l a slit ?r\gh ! great] portion ( its l5g?1 & /opp+ abruptly at "s di/ance f ! summit4 ,inhabits ! ,indian seas4 ,eight species4 ,siliqu>ia angu9a4 ,s4 muricata4 ,s4 lvigata4 ,s4 lacta4 ,s4 rugosa4 ,s4 t]ebella4 ,s4 lima4 ,s4 sp9osa4 ,,family ,,ii4 ,,maldania4 ,two ,g5]a4 #a4 ,g5us ,clym5e4 ,animal4 ,respiratory organs n det]m9$1 suppos$ to be at ! po/]ior "p ( ! body4 ,%ell4 ,tube ?9 & sl5d]1 op5 at bo? ends1 encru/$ ext]nally ) s& & fragm5ts ( %ells4 ,"o species4 ,clym5e amphi/oma4 #b4 ,g5us ,d5talium4 ,pl4 ,v4 ,animal4 ,body elongat$1 conical1 sub-v]mi=m1 envelop$ 9 a fi/ula mantle z f> z ! ant]ior ?ird1 & end+ 9 a b\rrelet pi]c$ 9 its middle by an orifice ) fr+$ edges2 foot altoge!r ant]ior1 proboscidi=m1 t]m9at$ by a conical app5dage1 conta9$ 9 a k9d ( cup ) fe/oon$ edges2 head di/9ct1 oval1 ) a t]m9al m\? 9 ! middle ( a digitat$ lip2 a pair ( lat]al jaws1 =m$ ea* ( two little oval %ells g>ni%$ ) po9ts4 ,%ell4 ,tubul>1 regul>1 symmetrical1 slightly curv$ longitud9ally1 tap]+ gradually to ! re>1 & op5+ 9 a r\nd orifice at ea* end4 ,inhabits ! ,briti% seas4 ,tw5ty-"o species4 ,d5talium elephant9um4 ,d4 apr9um4 ,d4 sulcatum4 ,d4 fasciatum4 ,d4 pseudo-antalis4 ,d4 radicula4 ,d4 antalis4 ,d4 arict9um4 ,d4 octogonum4 ,d4 de=me4 ,d4 novemco/atum4 ,d4 sexangulaire4 ,d4 /riatum4 ,d4 d5talis4 ,d4 corneum4 ,d4 nigrum4 ,d4 politum4 ,d4 eburneum4 ,d4 clava4 ,d4 fissura4 ,d4 co>ctatum4 ,,family ,,iii4 ,,amphitrit,a4 ,f\r ,g5]a4 #a4 ,g5us ,pect9>ia4 ,pl4 ,v4 ,animal4 ,respiratory organs 9 g5]al kn[n1 & dispos$ at or ne> ! ant]ior "p ( ! body2 n sep>at$ or cov]$ by an op]culum4 ,%ell4 ,a membran\s papyrace\s tube 9 ! =m ( a rev]s$ cone2 unfix$2 ext]ior cov]$ ) s&y adhesions4 ,two species4 ,pect9>ia cap5sis4 ,p4 belgica499 #b4 ,g5us ,sabell>ia4 ,pl4 ,v4 ,animal4 ,b slightly diff]+ f ! ,pect9>ia4 ,%ell4 ,tubes num]\s1 unit$ 9 a common mass1 compos$ ( agglut9at$ p>ticles ( m>9e sub/ances1 cellul> at ! base2 orifice exp&$4 ,f\nd 9 ! ,indian ,ocean4 ,two species4 ,sabell>ia alveolata4 ,s4 crassissima4 #c4 ,g5us ,t]ebella4 ,pl4 ,v4 ,animal4 ,body tubicul>1 elongat$1 cyl9drically depress$1 att5uat$ po/]iorly2 a r[ ( nodul\s & setif]\s papill on ea* side2 num]\s fili=m1 twi/$ t5tacula surr\nd+ ! m\?4 ,%ell4 ,an elongat$ cyl9drical & membran\s tube ) la%-l app5dages at ! end2 cov]$ ) adhesions ( s& & %ells4 ,inhabits ! coa/ ( ,new ,holl&4 ,f\r species4 ,t]ebella con*ilega4 ,t4 v5tricosa4 ,t4 cri/ata4 ,t4 v]micuta4 #d4 ,g5us ,amphitrite4 ,pl4 ,v4 ,animal4 ,body tubicul>1 elongat$1 cyl9drical1 att5uat$ beh9d ) _m annulat$ segm5ts4 ,%ell4 ,an elongat$ cyl9drical tube gr[+ ?9n] t[>ds ! base1 ( a t\gh membran\s texture1 & g5]ally )\t adhesions4 ,m$it]ranean sea4 ,sev5 species4 ,amphitrite v5tilabra4 ,a4 p5icilla4 ,a4 magnifica4 ,a4 vesiculosa4 ,a4 volutacornis4 ,a4 infundibula4 ,a4 m9ima4 ,,family ,,iv4 ,,s]pulacea4 ,five ,g5]a4 #a4 ,g5us ,spirorbis4 ,pl4 ,v4 ,animal4 ,gills or respiratory organs sep>at$ or cov]$ by an op]culum4 ,%ell4 ,a te/ace\s tube turn$ spirally on a horizontal plane1 ! l[] portion ( :i* is atta*$ to m>9e sub/ances1 g5]ally fuci3 op5+ ( ! tube t]m9al1 r\nd$ or angul>4 ,f\nd on ,alg on ! ,briti% coa/4 ,six species4 ,spirorbis nautiloidis4 ,s4 spirilla4 ,s4 trico/alis4 ,s4 bic>9ata4 ,s4 c>9ata4 ,s4 lamellosa4 #b4 ,g5us ,s]pula4 ,pl4 ,v4 ,animal4 ,body tubul>1 elongat$1 depress$1 & att5uat$ beh9d2 segm5ts num]\s & n>r[2 small bundles ( awl-%ap$ bri/les 9 a s+le r[ on ea* side4 ,%ell4 ,a solid calc>e\s tube1 br[n1 purple1 yell[1 tawny1 p9k1 :ite1 or t+$ ) gre54 ,! %ells are irregul>ly twi/$1 9 clu/]s1 & affix$ to o!r sub/ances4 ,inhabits ! coa/ ( ,brita94 ,tw5ty-six species4 ,s]pula v]micul>is4 ,s4 fascicul>is4 ,s4 inte/9a4 ,s4 contortuplicata4 ,s4 plic>ia4 ,s4 glom]ata4 ,s4 decussata4 ,s4 prot5sa4 ,s4 infundibula4 ,s4 annulata4 ,s4 c]eola4 ,s4 filograna4 ,s4 v]micella4 ,s4 fil>ia4 ,s4 pellucida4 ,s4 intorta4 ,s4 cri/ata4 ,s4 spirula4 ,s4 quadrangul>is4 ,s4 m9ima4 ,s4 e*9ata4 ,s4 sulcata4 ,s4 co/alis4 ,s4 d5tif]a4 ,s4 sipho4 ,s4 ar5>ia4 #c4 ,g5us ,v]milia4 ,pl4 ,v4 ,animal4 ,body tubicul>1 elongat$ & att5uat$ t[>ds ! po/]ior "p1 & provid$ sup]iorly ) a simple te/ace\s orbicul> op]culum4 ,%ell4 ,a te/ace\s cyl9drical tube1 n>r[$ 9 ! re>1 twi/$1 & adh]+ by ! side to m>9e sub/ances1 ap]ture r\nd1 ! m>g9 arm$ ) f "o to ?ree tee?4 ,inhabits ! ,briti% coa/4 ,n9e species4 ,v]milia ro/rata4 ,v4 triquetra4 ,v4 bic>9ata4 ,v4 eruca4 ,v4 subcr5ata4 ,v4 plicif]a4 ,v4 scabra4 ,v4 tniata4 ,v4 plicata4 #d4 ,g5us ,galeol>ia4 ,pl4 ,v4 ,animal4 ,di/+ui%$ f ! v]milia by a v peculi> op]culum4 ,%ell4 ,9 gr\ps1 te/ace\s1 cyl9drical1 subangul>1 wavy1 adh]+ by ! base1 & op5 at ! summit2 ap]ture orbicul>1 t]m9at$ on ! side by a spatul> tongue2 op]culum orbicul>1 squamose1 & consi/+ ( f five to n9e te/ace\s p>ts or valves4 ,inhabits ! ,indian seas4 ,two species4 ,galeol>ia cspitosa4 ,g4 elongata4 #e4 ,g5us ,magilus4 ,pl4 ,v4 ,animal4 ,unkn[n4 ,%ell4 ,usually f\nd imb$d$ 9 a species ( ,madrepore4 ,base b5t into a spiral =m1 oval1 ) f\r contigu\s1 convex volutions 7! la/ ( :i* is ! l>ge/71 & prolong$ into a /raight wav$ tube1 convex above1 c>9at$ b5ea?4 ,inhabits ! sea at ! ,isle ( ,france4 ,two species4 ,magilus antiquus4 ,m4 muricatus4 ,,class ,,ii4 ,,cirrhip$a4 ,animal4 ,s(t1 )\t head or eyes1 te/ace\s1 body fix$ z if rev]s$1 in>ticulat$1 furni%$ ) a mantle1 hav+ above t5tacul> arms1 ) curl$ tufts multi>ticulat$1 m\? b5ea?1 n project+1 d5tat$ transv]se jaws dispos$ 9 pairs4 ,numb] ( arms1 unequal & v>y+1 dispos$ 9 r[s1 ea* compos$ ( two r[s ( curl$ tufts ( bri/les2 fr+$2 a corne\s sk9 support$ by a p$icle4 ,m$ulla longitud9al & knott$2 gills ext]nal1 sometimes conceal$2 circulation by he>t & vessels4 ,"o ,family4 ,,family4 ,,cirrhip$a4 ,t5 ,g5]a4 #a4 ,g5us ,tubic9ella4 ,animal4 ,body inclos$ 9 a %ell1 ) small setace\s & unequal cirri4 ,%ell4 ,univalve1 op]culat$1 tubul>1 erect1 a little att5uat$ t[>ds ! base1 b\nd ) annul> transv]se ribs1 truncat$ at bo? ends1 op5 at ! summit1 & clos$ at ! base ) a membrane4 ,op]culum ) f\r obtuse valves4 ,s\? ,am]ican seas4 ,"o species4 ,tubic9ella baln>um4 #b4 ,g5us ,coronula4 ,pl4 ,v4 ,animal4 ,body seat$1 envelop$ 9 a %ell ) small setace\s & cirr\s arms4 ,%ell4 ,sessile1 app>5tly indivisible1 suborbicul>1 conoidal or blunt1 conical1 ! extremities truncat$1 ! sides v ?ick1 ! inside holl[$ into radiat+ cells4 ,op]culum compos$ ( f\r obtuse valves4 ,inhabits ! ,nor? seas4 ,five species4 ,coronula diadema4 ,c4 te/ud9>ia4 ,c4 baln>is4 ,c4 pul*ra4 ,c4 d5ticulata499 #c4 ,g5us ,balanus4 ,pl4 ,v4 ,animal4 ,body sessile1 inclos$ 9 an op]culat$ %ell2 bran*i num]\s1 plac$ 9 two r[s1 unequal1 articulat$1 ciliat$2 ea* compos$ ( two cirri1 support$ by a p$uncle1 & exs]tile2 m\? ) f\r transv]se d5tat$ jaws1 ) f\r hairy palpi-l app5dages4 ,%ell4 ,=m$ ( six di/9ct coron>y valves1 "o dorsal1 "o v5tral1 & two pairs ( lat]als1 ) a calc>e\s support2 op]culum =m+ a sort ( pyramid1 by f\r articulat$ pieces 9 ! ap]ture ( ! %ell4 ,is f\nd 9 almo/ all seas4 ,?irty species4 ,balanus angulosus4 ,b4 nigresc5s4 ,b4 roseus4 ,b4 amphimorphus4 ,b4 crispatus4 ,b4 /alacif]us4 ,b4 patell>is4 ,b4 calycul>is4 ,b4 subimbricatus4 ,b4 palmatus4 ,b4 dupluconus4 ,b4 semiplicatus4 ,b4 lvis4 ,b4 punctatus4 ,b4 p]=atus4 ,b4 rugosus4 ,b4 latus4 ,b4 plicatus4 ,b4 galeatus4 ,b4 sp9osus4 ,b4 placianus4 ,b4 sulcatus4 ,b4 cyl9draceus4 ,b4 ovul>is4 ,b4 radiatus4 ,b4 fi/ulosus4 ,b4 ,lyonsii4 ,b4 t9t9abulus499 ,b4 mis]499 ,b4 g5iculatus499 #d4 ,g5us ,aca/a4 ,pl4 ,v4 ,animal4 ,body )\t a p$uncle1 & inclos$ 9 a multivalve %ell1 f\nd 9 sponge or m>9e bodies1 m\? & t5tacula plac$ 9 ! apex1 or upp] "p ( ! body4 ,%ell4 ,patella-%ap$1 sub-conically oval1 =m$ ( six lat]al unequal valves =m+ ! base1 :i* be+ convex prev5ts ! %ell f /&+ by itself 9 an erect position1 :5 deta*$ f ! sub/ance :i* envelopes x4 ,inhabits ! ,briti% seas4 ,f\r species4 ,aca/a ,montaguii4 ,a4 sulcata4 ,a4 glans4 ,a4 tubulosa4 #e4 ,g5us ,creusia4 ,pl4 ,v4 ,animal4 ,body1 subglobul>1 inclos$ 9 an op]culat$ %ell2 hav+ ?ree or f\r pairs ( t5tacul> arms3 m\? at ! ant]ior "p ( ! body4 ,%ell4 ,sessile1 fix$1 orbicul>1 conical1 consi/+ ( f\r unit$ unequal valves2 atta*$ to madrepore & o!r m>9e sub/ances1 !y are almo/ microscopic1 & f\nd only 9 ! seas ( hot c\ntries4 ,inhabits ! ,*9a seas4 ,?ree species4 ,creusia /romia4 ,c4 sp9ulosa4 ,c4 v]ruca4 #f4 ,g5us ,pyrgoma4 ,pl4 ,v4 ,animal4 ,z above4 ,%ell4 ,sessile1 univalve1 r globul>1 v5tricose1 convex above2 apex p]=at$2 ap]ture small1 elliptical1 op]culum quadrivalve4 ,inhabits ! ,indian seas4 ,"o species4 ,pyrgoma cancellata4 #g4 ,g5us ,anatif]a4 ,pl4 ,v4 ,animal4 ,body cov]$ ) a %ell1 support$ by a long tubul> t5d9\s p$uncle2 ) long1 num]\s1 & unequal t5tacul> arms1 :i* are articulat$ & ciliat$1 & emanat+ f ! summit on "o side4 ,%ell4 ,compress$ on ! sides1 ) five flat valves1 ! valves contigu\s & unequal2 ! l[] lat]al ones ! l>ge/3 ! :ole ( !m unit$ & kept toge!r by means ( _! membranes4 ,inhabits ! ,briti% seas4 ,six species4 ,anatif]a lvis4 ,a4 villosa4 ,a4 vitrea4 ,a4 d5tata4 ,a4 /riata4 ,a4 aculeata4 #h4 ,g5us ,pollicipes4 ,pl4 ,v4 ,animal4 ,body cov]$ by a %ell1 & support$ on a tabul>1 t5d9\s1 scaly p$uncle2 ) _m t5tacul> arms4 ,%ell4 ,consi/+ ( ?irte5 or m valves1 ! smalle/ at ! sides1 :i* are v flat & compress$1 ! p$uncle %ort1 wr9kl$1 rigid1 & (t5 cov]$ ) scales l %agre54 ,inhabits ! ,european & ,am]ican seas4 ,six species4 ,pollicipes cornucopia4 ,p4 scalpellum4 ,p4 homii4 ,p4 mitella4 ,p4 p]onii4 ,p4 ,mortoni499 #i4 ,g5us ,c9]as4 ,pl4 ,v4 ,animal4 ,body p$unculat$1 & encas$ 9 a membran\s tunic1 :i* is swoll5 above1 ) an op5+ bel[ ! summit1 f :i* protrude _m ciliat$ articulat$ arms4 ,%ell4 ,compos$ ( five te/ace\s oblong valves1 two at ! sides ( ! ap]ture & ?ree on ! back1 n cov]+ ! :ole ( ! body2 support$ by a p$uncle ( a gre5i% col\r ) sev]al longitud9al /ripes4 ,inhabits ! ,briti% coa/4 ,"o species4 ,c9]as vittata4 #aj4 ,g5us ,otion4 ,pl4 ,v4 ,animal4 ,body p$unculat$1 envelop$ 9 a membran\s tunic1 :i* is v5tricose above2 two horn-l tubes1 direct$ backw>ds1 truncat$1 & op5 at _! po9ts1 & situat$ 9 ! apex ( ! tunic2 hav+ a lat]al op5+1 ) _m articulat$ & ciliat$ arms4 ,%ell4 ,compos$ ( two te/ace\s valves1 atta*$ ne> ! lat]al op5+1 ! c5tre ap]ture admitt+ ! animal's t5tacul1 ! s+ul> =m ( :i* prev5ts its be+ bl5d$ ) ! g5us c9]as )\t a fur!r exam9ation ( its /ructure4 ,inhabits ! ,nor? seas4 ,two species4 ,otion ,cuvi]i4 ,o4 ,bla9villii4 ,,class ,,iii4 ,,con*if]a4 ,animal4 ,s(t1 in>ticulat$1 always fix$ 9 a bivalve %ell1 )\t head or eyes1 hav+ ! m\? nak$1 conceal$1 & )\t any h>d p>ts2 a l>ge mantle envelop+ ! :ole ( ! body1 =m+ two lam9i=m lobes2 ! edges deta*$ or sometimes unit$ 9 front4 ,gills or respiratory organs ext]nal1 situat$ on ea* side betwe5 ! body & ! mantle2 circulation simple1 ! he>t ) "o v5tricle2 "s few ganglions ( ! diff]5t n]ves1 b no knott$ m$ull>y cord4 ,%ell4 ,always bivalve1 envelop+ ! animal entirely or p>tially1 sometimes free1 sometimes affix$2 ! valves mo/ frequ5tly unit$ on "o side by a h+e or ligam5t4 ,sometimes atta*$ to ! %ell are te/ace\s accessory pieces4 ,tw5ty families4 ,,family ,i4 ,,tubicola4 ,six ,g5]a4 #a4 ,g5us ,asp]gillum4 ,pl4 ,v4 ,animal4 ,entirely unkn[n4 ,%ell4 ,oval1 some:at elongat$1 /riat$ longitud9ally1 conic1 club-%ap$1 hav+ two valves incru/$ on "o side ( ! club1 op5 at its att5uat$ extremity1 & t]m9at$ at ! o!r by a convex disk1 pi]c$ by a numb] ( small p]=ations1 & encircl$ by a dilat$ m>g9 ( papyrace\s tubes1 resembl+ a plait$ ruff--small] extremity always op54 ,?is is a well kn[n1 b r>e %ell1 f\nd 9 s&y places 9 l[ wat] 9 ! ,indian ocean4 ,f\r species4 ,asp]gillum ,javanum4 ,a4 vag9if]um4 ,a4 ,nov ,zl&i4 ,a4 agglut9ans4 #b4 ,g5us ,clavagella4 ,pl4 ,,vi4 ,animal4 ,unkn[n4 ,%ell4 ,a tubul> %ea?1 te/ace\s1 att5uat$1 & op5 be=e2 t]m9at+ po/]iorly 9 an oval1 sub-compress$ club1 r\gh5$ by sp9i=m tubes--"o valve fix$ 9 ! side ( ! club1 ! o!r free 9 ! tube4 ,inhabits ! ,indian seas4 ,f\r species4 ,clavagella ap]ta4 ,c4 cri/ata4 ,c4 tibialis4 ,c4 ,broc*ii4 #c4 ,g5us ,fi/ulana4 ,pl4 ,,vi4 ,animal4 ,provid$ ) two protub]ant calc>e\s tubes1 cov]+ p>ts ( its body at ! op5 end ( ! tube1 ea* ( :i* is t]m9at$ ) f five to eight cup-%ap$ calc>e\s or corne\s app5dages4 ,x inhabits ! s&1 & p]=ates wood1 /ones1 & sometimes %ells4 ,%ell4 ,lam>ck ass]ts t ! tube & %ell ( ?is g5us are q di/9ct4 ,!y h ! %ell free & deta*$ )9 ! %ea?1 & nei!r ( ! valves fix$ into ! p>tition ( ! tube1 :i* is mo/ g5]ally te/ace\s1 clos$1 & retort-%ap$ at ! po/]ior extremity4 ,inhabits ! ,indian seas4 ,f\r species4 ,fi/ulana clava4 ,f4 corni=mis4 ,f4 gregata4 ,f4 lag5ula4 #d4 ,g5us ,sept>ia4 ,pl4 ,,vi4 ,animal4 ,unkn[n4 ,%ell4 ,a v long te/ace\s tube1 gradually att5uat$ to its upp] end1 & divid$ int]nally by vault$ divisions seldom complete1 ! extremity ( :i* is t]m9at$ by two sl5d] tubes )\t int]ior p>titions4 ,specim5s ( ?is g5us h be5 f\nd five feet long4 ,f\nd 9 s& on ! %ores ( ! ,indian seas4 ,two species4 ,sept>ia ar5>ia4 ,s4 maculata4 #e4 ,g5us ,t]$9a4 ,pl4 ,,vi4 ,a fossil g5us2 consi/+ ( a te/ace\s cyl9drical %ea?1 ! po/]ior extremity clos$1 & exhibit+ ! two valves ( ! %ell x encloses2 ! ant]ior end op54 ,two fossil species4 #f4 ,g5us ,t]$o4 ,pl4 ,,vi4 ,animal4 ,body v mu* elongat$1 v]mi=m3 mantle v f9e1 tubul>1 op5+ only at front & bel[ = ! issue ( a teat-%ap$ foot2 m\? small2 v %ort1 di/9ct tubes2 ! inf]ior or respiratory "o some:at l>g] ?an ! sup]ior2 labial app5dages %ort & /riat$2 bran*i v long1 n>r[1 unit$1 & prolong$ ?r\gh\t ! ext5t ( ! tubul> cavity ( ! mantle2 only "o l>ge contractile muscle betwe5 ! valves2 at ! po9t ( junction ( ! mantle & tubes is a muscul> r+1 9 :i* is implant$ a pair ( corneo-calc>e\s app5dages4 ,%ell4 ,?ick1 solid1 v %ort or annul>1 op5 be=e & beh9d2 valves equal1 equilat]al1 angul> & tr5*ant be=e1 only t\*+ ea* o!r by ! opposite edges2 no h+e2 a consid]able spoon-l cavity2 only "o feeble muscul> impression4 ,tube m or less di/9ct f ! sub/ance 9 :i* ! animal lives1 cyl9drical1 /raight or w9d+1 & clos+ ) age at ! buccal extremity s z to envelope ! animal & its %ell2 at ! o!r end x is always op51 & divid$ int]nally into two syphons by a p>tition 9 ! middle4 ,inhabits ! ,european seas 9 timb]4 ,?ree species4 ,t]$o navalis4 ,t4 palmulata4 ,t4 gigantea4 ,,family ,,ii4 ,,pholad>ia4 ,two ,g5]a4 #a4 ,g5us ,pholas4 ,pl4 ,,vi4 ,animal4 ,)\t a tubul> %ea?1 project+ ant]iorly into two unit$ tubes1 frequ5tly surr\nd$ by a common sk91 & ! po/]ior extremity provid$ ) a %ort muscul> foot1 flatt5$ at its extremity4 ,%ell4 ,multivalve1 equivalve1 transv]se1 gap+ at bo? ends1 ) v>i\s accessory pieces ei!r on ! h+e or bel[ x4 ,inhabits ! ,indian seas & ,am]ican %ores4 ,eighte5 species4 ,pholas dactyla4 ,p4 ori5talis4 ,p4 c&ida4 ,p4 dactiloides4 ,p4 papyracea4 ,p4 tub]culata4 ,p4 silicula4 ,p4 callosa4 ,p4 co/ata499 ,p4 clavata499 ,p4 ovum499 ,p4 lancellata499 ,p4 crispata499 ,p4 truncata499 ,p4 cali=nica499 ,p4 p5ita499 ,p4 oblongata499 ,p4 cunei=mis499 #b4 ,g5us ,ga/ro*na4 ,pl4 ,,vi4 ,animal4 ,unkn[n4 ,always )\t accessory pieces1 !re=e easily di/+ui%$ f ! ,pholas4 ,%ell4 ,equivalve1 some:at cunei=m ) a v l>ge oval & oblique ap]ture ant]iorly2 po/]ior extremity ne>ly clos$2 h+e l9e>2 m>g9al & )\t tee?4 ,?ree species4 ,ga/ro*na cunei=mis4 ,g4 mytiloides4 ,g4 modiol9a4 ,,family ,,iii4 ,,sol5ea4 ,f\r g5]a4 #a4 ,g5us ,sol54 ,pl4 ,,vi4 ,animal4 ,body cyl9droid1 mu* elongat$2 ! mantle 9 =m ( a canal op5 at bo? ends1 clos$ 9 ! re/ ( its ext5t by a ?ick epid]mis :i* surr\nds x2 a cyl9droid ant]ior foot4 ,%ell4 ,equivalve1 extremely inequilat]al1 ! summits v small1 & entirely at ! comm5cem5t ( ! dorsal l9e2 "o or two tee? 9 ! h+e4 ,inhabits ! seas ( ,am]ica & ,europe4 ,tw5ty-"o species4 ,sol5 vag9us4 ,s4 corneus4 ,s4 pygmu4 ,s4 ambiguus4 ,s4 ,dombeii4 ,s4 ,javanicus4 ,s4 ,c>ibu4 ,s4 violaceus4 ,s4 antiquatus4 ,s4 vag9oides4 ,s4 siliqua4 ,s4 cultellus4 ,s4 planus4 ,s4 con/rictus4 ,s4 co>ctatus4 ,s4 ensis499 ,s4 m9utus499 ,s4 viridis499 ,s4 c5tralis499 ,s4 ro/ratus499 ,s4 giganteus499 #b4 ,g5us ,panopa4 ,pl4 ,,vi4 ,animal4 ,unkn[n4 ,! situation ( ! ligam5t1 & ! prom95cy ( ! apex1 are ! *>act]s :i* di/+ui% x f ! ,mya4 ,%ell4 ,regul> oval1 elongat$1 gap+ at bo? ends1 equivalve1 inequilat]al2 summit little m>k$ & ant]odorsal2 h+e complete2 simil5 =m$ by a conical prim>y too?1 be=e a %ort1 compress$1 asc5d+ callosity1 ligam5t ext]ior1 atta*$ to ! callosity2 two muscul> impressions4 ,inhabits ! ,m$it]ranean ,sea4 ,"o species4 ,panopa ,aldrov&i4 #c4 ,g5us ,solecurtus4 ,pl4 ,,vi4 ,animal4 ,unkn[n4 ,%ell4 ,oval1 elongat$1 equivalve1 subequilat]al1 ) edges ne>ly /raight & p>allel1 ! extremities equally r\nd$1 &1 z x 71 truncat$2 summits b little m>k$2 h+e )\t tee?1 or =m$ by "s rudim5t>y prim>y tee?1 ligam5t project+1 affix$ to ?ick5$ callosities2 two di/9ct r\nd$ muscul> impressions4--,m$it]ranean ,sea & coa/s ( ,am]ica4 ,t5 species4 ,solecurtus radiatus4 ,s4 /rigilatus4 ,s4 legum54 ,s4 fragilis499 ,s4 co/atus499 ,s4 ,c>ibu499 ,s4 lucidus499 ,s4 ,nuttallii499 ,s4 subt]es499 ,s4 ,cali=nianus499 #d4 ,g5us ,glycim]is4 ,pl4 ,,vi4 ,animal4 ,unkn[n4 ,! few species ( ?is g5us yet kn[n h be5 bl5d$1 by previ\s au?ors1 ei!r ) ! ,mya or ,sol51 b f ei!r !y are easily di/+ui%$4 ,%ell4 ,cov]$ ) epid]mis1 slightly irregul>1 elongat$1 gap+ at bo? ends1 equivalve1 exce$+ly inequilat]al2 summits little m>k$2 h+e too?less2 a longitud9al callosity4 ,ligam5t ext]ior1 affix$ to v project+ callosities on ! %orte/ side ( ! %ell2 two di/9ct muscul> impressions4 ,inhabits ! ,nor? seas4 ,two species4 ,glycim]is m>g>itacea4 ,g4 siliqua4 ,,family ,,iv4 ,,my>ia4 ,two g5]a4 #a4 ,g5us ,mya4 ,pl4 ,,vi4 ,animal4 ,subcyl9drical1 envelop$ 9 a mantle pi]c$ only ) "o int]ior & inf]ior hole = ! passage ( a v small & conical foot2 ! tubes v consid]able1 & completely unit$2 a tol]ably l>ge m\?1 oval1 & ) simple lips2 v small labial app5dages3 bran*ial lam9 inconsid]able2 ! ext]nal v %ort1 ! int]nal unit$ ) t ( ! opposite side4 ,%ell4 ,surr\nd$ ) a ?ick epid]mis1 :i* is prolong$ ^u ! tubes & ! edges ( ! mantle ( ! animal2 tol]ably solid1 ) f9e tr5*ant edges2 ! summits v little m>k$2 h+e dissimil>2 "o or two oblique c>d9al folds1 div]g5t1 beh9d a horizontal spoon-%ap$ holl[ ^u ! left valve1 correspond+ ) a holl[2 horizontal & c>d9al 9 ! "r valve2 two di/9ct muscul> impressions4 ,inhabits ! ,briti% & ,am]ican coa/s4 ,eight species4 ,mya truncata4 ,m4 ar5>ia4 ,m4 erodona4 ,m4 sol5imyalis4 ,m4 hyal9a499 ,m4 cancellata499 ,m4 acuta499 ,m4 m]c5>ia499 #b4 ,g5us ,anat9a4 ,pl4 ,,vi4 ,animal4 ,unkn[n4 ,%ell4 ,transv]se1 subequivalve1 gap+ at bo? valves1 or 9 "o only2 no c>d9al tee?2 "o broad prim>y too? 9 bo? valves1 project+ int]iorly2 a lat]al plate runn+ obliquely "u ! prim>y tee?4 ,sometimes !re is a fissure ext5d+ f ! apex1 giv+ ! appe>ance ( a second plate or rib4 ,inhabits ! ,briti% & ,am]ican seas4 ,twelve species4 ,anat9a lat]na4 ,a4 truncata4 ,a4 subro/rata4 ,a4 trapezoides4 ,a4 rugosa4 ,a4 imp]fecta4 ,a4 longiro/ris4 ,a4 globulosa4 ,a4 myalis4 ,a4 rupicola4 ,a4 ,leana499 ,a4 papyracea499 ,,family ,v4 ,,mactracea4 ,sev5 g5]a4 #a4 ,g5us ,lutr>ia4 ,pl4 ,,vi4 ,animal4 ,body oval1 mu* compress$1 or subcyl9drical2 ! mantle enclos$ only 9 ! half ( its inf]ior side3 foot small & project+ b little beyond ! abdom9al mass1 tubes long1 di/9ct or unit$4 ,?is g5us is p]fectly di/9ct f ! ,mactra1 to :i* x =m]ly belong$1 on acc\nt ( its hav+ no lat]al tee?4 ,x is call$ by ,de ,bla9ville1 ,lutricola1 f its be+ f\nd v deep 9 mud or s& at ! m\? ( riv]s4 ,%ell4 ,oval or elongat$1 regul>1 equivalve1 m or less inequilat]al1 sometimes b slightly gap+3 edges always simple & tr5*ant2 summits feebly m>k$2 h+e subsimil>1 =m$ by two v small div]g5t c>d9al tee?2 two v di/9ct muscul> impressions unit$ by a palleal impression pr(\ndly s9e\s to ! re>4 ,inhabits ! seas ( ,europe & ,am]ica4 ,f\rte5 species4 ,lutr>ia sol5oides4 ,l4 rugosa4 ,l4 compressa4 ,l4 pip]ata4 ,l4 tell9oides4 ,l4 c&ida4 ,l4 elliptica4 ,l4 papyracea4 ,l4 plicatella4 ,l4 crassiplica4 ,l4 complanata4 ,l4 l9eata499 ,l4 ,nuttallii499 ,l4 caniculata499 #b4 ,g5us ,mactra4 ,pl4 ,,vi4 ,animal4 ,body oval & pretty ?ick2 edges ( ! mantle ?ick1 smoo?1 or )\t t5tacul> papill1 augm5t$ beh9d by two indi/9ct tubes2 m\? small & oval2 labial app5dages n>r[2 bran*ial lam9 v small1 & unit$ 9 _! l5g? among !mselves & ) ^? ( ! opposite side2 foot oval1 tr5*ant1 v long4 ,%ell4 ,! ,mactra has a peculi> h+e di/+ui%+ x f all o!r g5]a4 ,x is triangul>1 ) a curv$ or angul> compress$ too? on ea* valve1 ) a small oblique cavity on ea* side1 to :i* is atta*$ ! ligam5t4 ,two lat]al tee?1 "o ne> ! prim>y too? & "o ne> ! ligam5t4 ,! %ape ( ! %ell is subtriangul> or oblong2 ext]ior smoo?1 /riat$1 or ribb$ transv]sely2 two muscul> impressions unit$ by a n>r[ m>g9al tongue4 ,inhabits ! ,briti% & ,am]ican coa/s4 ,=ty-f\r species4 ,mactra sp5gl]i4 ,m4 /riatella4 ,m4 c>9ata4 ,m4 /ram9ea4 ,m4 ,au/ralis4 ,m4 violacea4 ,m4 fasciata4 ,m4 turgida4 ,m4 plicat>ia ,m4 rufesc5s4 ,m4 maculata4 ,m4 subplicata4 ,m4 triangul>is4 ,m4 lactea4 ,m4 abbreviata4 ,m4 crassatella4 ,m4 helvacea4 ,m4 gr&is4 ,m4 /ultorum4 ,m4 maculosa4 ,m4 oval9a4 ,m4 ca/anea4 ,m4 rufa4 ,m4 squalida4 ,m4 brasiliana4 ,m4 donac9a4 ,m4 depressa4 ,m4 lilacea4 ,m4 trigonella4 ,m4 deltoides4 ,m4 alata4 ,m4 gigantea499 ,m4 solida499 ,m4 oblonga499 ,m4 cali=nica499 ,m4 arctata499 ,m4 nucleus499 ,m4 alba499 ,m4 similis499 ,m4 fragilis499 ,m4 lat]alis499 ,m4 deaurata499 ,m4 planulata499 ,m4 tell9oides499 #c4 ,g5us ,crassatella4 ,pl4 ,,vi4 ,animal4 ,unkn[n4 ,%ell4 ,close1 suborbicul> or transv]se1 /riat$ longitud9ally1 d5ticulat$1 regul>1 equivalve1 inequilat]al1 summits well m>k$1 & turn$ to ! front3 prim>y tee? some:at div]g5t ) a holl[ at ! side2 no lat]al tee? nor obsolete ones2 ligam5t int]nal & ins]t$ into a pit 9 ! h+e4 ,x is easily kn[n f ! ,mactra & ,lutr>ia by ! valves fitt+ exactly4 ,! liv+ species ( ?is g5us only exi/ 9 ! seas ( ,au/ralasia1 :ile 9 a fossil /ate we f9d at lea/ sev5 species 9 ,france4 ,elev5 species4 ,crassatella k+icola4 ,c4 donac9a4 ,c4 sulcata4 ,c4 ro/rata4 ,c4 glabrata4 ,c4 subradiata4 ,c4 contr>ia4 ,c4 cuneata4 ,c4 ,eryc9a4 ,c4 cycladea4 ,c4 /riata4 #d4 ,g5us ,eryc9a4 ,pl4 ,,vi4 ,animal4 ,unkn[n4 ,%ell4 ,some:at long] ?an high1 subtrigonal1 regul> equivalv$1 inequilat]al1 gap+ b little or n at all2 summits well m>k$ & a little incl9$ to ! front2 h+e subsimil>2 two unequal c>d9al tee? conv]g+ to ! summit2 two oblong1 compress$1 %ort1 & ins]t$ lat]al tee?2 ligam5t int]nal & situat$ 9 a pit4 ,ow+ to ! equivocal "* ( ?is g5us x is some:at difficult to judge ( ! h+e4 ,inhabits ! ,indian & ,am]ican seas4 ,two species4 ,eryc9a c>dioides4 ,e4 /riata4 #e4 ,g5us ,ungul9a4 ,pl4 ,,vi4 ,animal4 ,unkn[n4 ,%ell4 ,v]tical or sublongitud9al1 a little irregul>1 n gap+1 equivalve1 subequilat]al1 ) summits a little m>k$2 h+e dorsal1 =m$ by a c>d9al too?2 two long muscul> impressions1 "o %ort prim>y cleft too? 9 ea* valve1 ) an oblong groove divid$ 9 ! middle ( ! m>g91 ligam5t int]nal ins]t$ 9 a pit4 ,two species4 ,ungul9a oblonga4 ,u4 transv]sa4 #f4 ,g5us ,solemya4 ,pl4 ,,vi4 ,animal4 ,unkn[n4 ,%ell4 ,cov]$ ) a ?ick epid]mis1 enclos+ x entirely except at ! extremities1 regul>1 some:at ?ick1 oval1 elongat$1 /raight & p>allel edges1 also r\nd$ at its two extremities1 valves equal1 v inequilat]al2 ! ant]ior side mu* long] ?an ! po/]ior2 summits feebly m>k$2 h+e subsimil>1 =m$ by a c>d9al too?1 dilat$1 compress$1 & a little reflex$ above2 subext]ior ligam5t ins]t$ ^u ! too?1 & ne>ly at ! po/]ior extremity ( ! %ell2 two small1 r\nd$1 widely sep>at$ muscul> impressions1 )\t any visible abdom9al impression4 ,f\r species4 ,solemya ,au/ralis4 ,s4 ,m$it]ranea4 ,s4 velum499 ,s4 borealis499 #g4 ,g5us ,amphidesma4 ,pl4 ,,vi4 ,animal4 ,v imp]fectly kn[n4 ,%ell4 ,transv]se1 inequilat]al1 some:at r\nd$ or suboval2 sides slightly gap+2 h+e ) "o or two c>d9al tee?1 & a n>r[ groove = ! int]nal ligam5t2 ligam5t d\ble1 ! ext]nal "o %ort1 ! int]nal "o fix$ 9 ! int]nal grooves4 ,! two ligam5ts di/+ui% ?is g5us f all o!r bivalves4 ,inhabits ! ,we/ ,indian & ,am]ican seas4 ,=ty-five species4 ,amphidesma v>iegatum4 ,a4 donacillum4 ,a4 lacteum4 ,a4 corneum4 ,a4 albellum4 ,a4 flexuosum4 ,a4 prismaticum4 ,a4 phaseol9um4 ,a4 ,t5uii4 ,a4 purpuresc5s4 ,a4 nucleolum4 ,a4 physioides4 ,a4 pul*rum4 ,a4 pallidum4 ,a4 =mosum4 ,a4 roseum4 ,a4 corbuloides4 ,a4 glabrellum4 ,a4 luc9ale4 ,a4 ,boysii4 ,a4 l5ticul>e4 ,a4 cancellatum4 ,a4 reticulatum4 ,a4 duplicatum4 ,a4 lve4 ,a4 prismaticum4 ,a4 ellipticum4 ,a4 subtruncatum4 ,a4 solidum4 ,a4 cordi=me4 ,a4 rupium4 ,a4 lamellosum4 ,a4 cr5ulatum4 ,a4 punctatum4 ,a4 multico/atum4 ,a4 siculum4 ,a4 transv]sum499 ,a4 rubro-l9eata499 ,a4 decisa499 ,a4 bella/riata499 ,a4 orbiculata499 ,a4 equalis499 ,a4 punctata499 ,a4 radiata499 ,a4 lepida499 ,,family ,,vi4 ,,corbulacea4 ,two g5]a4 #a4 ,g5us ,corbula4 ,pl4 ,,vi4 ,animal4 ,unkn[n4 ,%ell4 ,tol]ably solid1 regul>1 inequivalve1 inequilat]al ) a conical1 flex$1 asc5d+1 prim>y too? 9 ea* valve2 a cavity at ! side2 no lat]al tee?2 ligam5t int]ior1 plac$ 9 ! cavities2 two neighb\r+ muscul> impressions4 ,inhabits ! ,briti% & ,am]ican seas4 ,t5 species4 ,f\r fossil4 ,corbula ,au/ralis4 ,c4 sulcata4 ,c4 ery?rodon4 ,c4 oval9a4 ,c4 sem54 ,c4 ,tait5sis4 ,c4 nucleus4 ,c4 impressa4 ,c4 porc9a4 ,c4 contracta499 #b4 ,g5us ,p&ora4 ,pl4 ,,vi4 ,animal4 ,body mu* compress$1 some:at elongat$1 9 =m ( a furr[1 9 consequ5ce ( ! union ( ! edges ( ! mantle1 & its cont9uation ) ! tubes1 :i* are unit$ & %ort2 foot small1 ?icke/ 9 front1 & issu+ ?r\gh a tol]ably l>ge cleft 9 ! mantle4 ,%ell4 ,regul>1 :ite1 elongat$1 mu* compress$1 inequivalv$1 inequilat]al2 "r or upp] valve q flat1 ) a fold2 summits feebly m>k$2 h+e anomal\s1 =m$ by a transv]se c>d9al too? on ! "r2 valve ent]+ a correspond+ cavity 9 ! left2 ligam5t int]nal1 oblique1 triangul>1 ins]t$ 9 a some:at deep pit1 ) edges a little project+ on ea* valve2 two r\nd muscul> impressions4 ,inhabits ! ,m$it]ranean1 ,briti%1 & ,am]ican seas4 ,f\r liv+ species1 & two fossils1 accord+ to ,defrance4 ,p&ora ro/rata4 ,p4 obtusa4 ,p4 tril9eata499 ,p4 punctata499 ,,family ,,vii4 ,,li?ophaga4 ,?ree g5]a4 #a4 ,g5us ,saxicava4 ,pl4 ,,vi4 ,animal4 ,long1 subcyl9drical1 ! mantle clos$ 9 all p>ts1 prolong$ beh9d by two long tubes1 ?ick & close toge!r ext]nally1 pi]c$ int]iorly & 9 front ) a r\nd orifice1 = ! passage ( a v small foot2 m\? v l>ge2 labial app5dages small2 bran*ial lam9 free1 ! ext]nal pair mu* %ort] ?an ! int]nal4 ,lam>ck has ?\ght prop] to remove ?is g5us f ! ,mytilus2 x possesses ! faculty1 l ! ,pholas1 ( p5etrat+ rocks & sub/ances1 & _c be extract$ b by break+ ! sub/ance 9 :i* x is imb$d$4 ,%ell4 ,?ick1 ) an epid]mis1 a little irregul>1 elongat$1 subcyl9drical1 obtuse at bo? ends2 summits feebly m>k$2 h+e too?less1 or ) a v small rudim5t>y too?2 ligam5t ext]nal1 some:at inflat$2 two r\nd muscul> impressions di/9ct1 & sev]al o!rs irregul>4 ,inhabits ! ,briti% & ,am]ican seas1 9 cavities1 :i* !y bore 9 rocks or wood4 ,n9e species4 ,saxicava rugosa4 ,s4 gallicana4 ,s4 v5]i=mis4 ,s4 pholadis4 ,s4 ,au/ralis4 ,s4 di/orta499 ,s4 rhomboides499 ,s4 c>ditoides499 ,s4 cali=nica499 #b4 ,g5us ,petricola4 ,pl4 ,,vii4 ,animal4 ,unkn[n4 ,%ell4 ,subtrigonal1 m or less irregul>1 transv]se1 inequilat]al2 upp] side n>r[$ & a little gap+2 l[] side r\nd$2 h+e ) two tee? 9 ea* valve1 or 9 "o valve only4 ,inhabits ! ,au/ralian seas1 bor+ into wood & rocks4 ,?irte5 species4 ,petricola lamellosa4 ,p4 ,o*rol5ca4 ,p4 ,semilamellata4 ,p4 luc9alis4 ,p4 /riata4 ,p4 co/ellata4 ,p4 recell>ia4 ,p4 exilis4 ,p4 rup]ella4 ,p4 *amoides4 ,p4 pholadi=mis4 ,p4 labagella4 ,p4 l+uatula4 #c4 ,g5us ,v5]irupis4 ,pl4 ,,vii4 ,animal4 ,unkn[n1 b probably resembl+ ! ,v5us4 ,ano!r li?ophag\s %ell1 tak5 f ! g5us ,v5us1 & di/+ui%$ f x by ! diff]5t disposition ( ! tee?4 ,%ell4 ,transv]se1 inequilat]al1 po/]ior side %ort1 ! ant]ior gap+ slightly4 ,h+e ) two tee? on ! "r valve1 ?ree on ! left1 & sometimes ?ree on bo?--^! are small1 ne> toge!r1 & p>allel4 ,ligam5t ext]ior4 ,inhabits ! ,briti% seas1 bor+ into rocks & clay4 ,eight species4 ,v5]irupis p]=ans4 ,v4 nuclea4 ,v4 ,ira4 ,v4 corditoides4 ,v4 exotica4 ,v4 di/ans4 ,v4 cr5ata4 ,v4 alata4 ,,family ,,viii4 ,,nymphacea4 ,t5 ,g5]a4 ,?is family is divid$ into ,n4 ,sol5>ia & ,n4 ,tell9>ia1 f _! resemblance to ! ,sol5 & ,tell9a4 ,n4 ,,sol5>ia4 ,?ree g5]a4 #a4 ,g5us ,sangu9ol>ia4 ,pl4 ,,vii4 ,animal4 ,unkn[n4 ,%ell4 ,oval1 compress$1 a little elongat$1 gap+ b little1 equivalve1 subequilat]al1 r\nd$ at bo? extremities2 no m>k ( po/]ior keel2 summits feebly m>k$2 h+e =m$ by "o or two contigu\s c>d9al tee? ^u ea* valve2 ligam5t project+1 two r\nd muscul> impressions1 di/ant & jo9$ by a n>r[ palleal impression /rongly s9u\s beh9d4 ,inhabits ! sea at ,jamaica & %ores ( ,am]ica4 ,n9e species4 ,sangu9ol>ia occid5s4 ,s4 rosea4 ,s4 alba4 ,s4 livida4 ,s4 rugosa4 ,s4 fusca499 ,s4 lusoria499 ,s4 ,nuttallii499 ,s4 ,cali=niana499 #b4 ,g5us ,psammobia4 ,pl4 ,,vii4 ,animal4 ,unkn[n4 ,resembl+ ! ,tell9a1 f :i* x 0 tak51 b n hav+ an irregul> plait on ! ant]ior "p4 ,%ell4 ,transv]se1 oblong-ovate1 or elliptical1 flatt5$1 slightly gap+ at "o side2 summits project+2 h+e =m$ by two prim>y tee? 9 ! left valve1 & "o 9 ! opposite "o ,inhabits ! ,european & ,am]ican seas4 ,tw5ty-"o species4 ,psammobia virgata4 ,p4 f]ro5sis4 ,p4 vesp]t9a4 ,p4 muculosa4 ,p4 alba4 ,p4 ,cay5n5sis4 ,p4 lvigata4 ,p4 ,tell9ella4 ,p4 crulesc5s4 ,p4 elongata4 ,p4 flavicans4 ,p4 squamosa4 ,p4 pul*ella4 ,p4 aurantia4 ,p4 fragilis4 ,p4 livida4 ,p4 gala!a4 ,p4 lusoria499 ,p4 fusca499 ,p4 ,pacifica499 ,p4 ,florida499 #c4 ,g5us ,psammota4 ,pl4 ,,vii4 ,animal4 ,unkn[n4 ,%ell4 ,( ! same =m z ! ,psammobia1 b diff]+ 9 ! numb] ( tee?1 ! left valve ( ! ,psammota hav+ only "o too?2 & sometimes "o valve is )\t tee?1 :ile ! o!r has two2 ligam5t ext]ior1 atta*$ to callosities at ! h+e1 & )\t an irregul> plait4 ,inhabits ! ,au/ralian seas4 ,sev5 species4 ,"o fossil species4 ,psammota violacea4 ,p4 zonalis4 ,p4 pellucida4 ,p4 c&ida4 ,p4 t>5t9a4 ,p4 donac9a4 ,p4 s]ot9a4 ,n4 ,,tell9>ia4 ,sev5 ,g5]a4 ,! two la/ ( ^! g5]a h no lat]al tee?1 ! re/ h "o or two4 #d4 ,g5us ,tell9a4 ,pl4 ,,vii4 ,animal4 ,body triangul>1 mu* compress$3 ! free edge ( ! mantle furni%$ ) a r[ ( t5tacul>1 l>ge/ & longe/ 9 ! re>2 foot v l>ge1 compress$ & po9t$ to ! front2 buccal app5dages ne>ly z l>ge z ! bron*ial lam91 ( :i* ! ext]nal pair are mu* small] ?an ! int]nal2 ! ant]ior contractile muscle l>g] ?an ! o!r2 tubes v di/9ct4 ,%ell4 ,( a some:at v>iable =m1 g5]ally /riat$ longitud9ally & mu* compress$1 equivalv$1 m or less inequilat]al2 ! ant]ior side almo/ always long] & m r\nd$ ?an ! po/]ior1 :i* con/antly pres5ts a flexu\s fold1 at lea/ at its inf]ior edge2 summits feebly m>k$2 h+e simil>2 "o or two c>d9al tee?2 two lat]al tee?1 f> ap>t ) a pit at _! base 9 ea* valve2 ligam5t po/]ior1 l>ge2 r\nd muscul> impressions4 ,! f9e/ species ( ?is beautiful %ell are f\nd 9 ! pe>l fi%]ies ( ,ceylon2 & num]\s species on ! ,am]ican %ore4 ,sixty-eight species4 ,tell9a unimaculata4 ,t4 virgata4 ,t4 semizonalis4 ,t4 /aurella4 ,t4 lutiro/ra4 ,t4 ro/rata4 ,t4 ,sp5gl]i4 ,t4 radiata4 ,t4 crucig]a4 ,t4 elliptica4 ,t4 alb9ella4 ,t4 rosea4 ,t4 foliacea4 ,t4 op]culata4 ,t4 *loraleuca4 ,t4 remies4 ,t4 sulcata4 ,t4 crassa4 ,t4 exilis4 ,t4 donac9a4 ,t4 nitida4 ,t4 /riatula4 ,t4 decussata4 ,t4 obliqua4 ,t4 nymphalis4 ,t4 capsoides4 ,t4 s]adiata4 ,t4 m>g>it9a4 ,t4 /rigosa4 ,t4 planata4 ,t4 depressa4 ,t4 pul*ella4 ,t4 fabula4 ,t4 t5uis4 ,t4 sulphurea4 ,t4 cornuta4 ,t4 iris4 ,t4 levigata4 ,t4 l+uafelis4 ,t4 rugosa4 ,t4 lacunosa4 ,t4 g>gadia4 ,t4 pri/is4 ,t4 gigas4 ,t4 scal>is4 ,t4 psammotella4 ,t4 scob9ata4 ,t4 ,brasiliana4 ,t4 umbonella4 ,t4 deltoidalis4 ,t4 multangula4 ,t4 solidula4 ,t4 polygona4 ,t4 o/racea499 ,t4 inta/riata499 ,t4 polita499 ,t4 t5]a499 ,t4 flexuosa499 ,t4 secta499 ,t4 decorate499 ,t4 lat]alis499 ,t4 alt]nata499 ,t4 vimaculata499 ,t4 pumicea499 ,t4 alta499 ,t4 nasuta499 ,t4 l9eata499 ,t4 sordida499 #e4 ,g5us ,tell9ides4 ,pl4 ,,vii4 ,animal4 ,z above4 ,?is g5us is v ne>ly alli$ to ! ,psammobia1 ,tell9a1 & ,luc9a1 b ^u close exam9ation x w be f\nd to be di/9ct f ei!r4 ,%ell4 ,equilat]al1 transv]se1 some:at elongat$1 ne>ly )\t ! flexu\s plait2 two div]g5t c>d9al tee?1 ( :i* ! ant]ior is b little di/ant f ! summit4 ,inhabits ! ,bay ( ,naples4 ,two species4 ,"o species is f\nd on ! %ores ( ,am]ica4 ,tell9ides ,timor5sis4 ,t4 rosea499 #f4 ,g5us ,corbis4 ,pl4 ,,vii4 ,animal4 ,diff]+ slightly f ! ,luc9a4 ,?is g5us 0 class$ by ,lam>ck ) ! ,luc9a1 b ! great diff]5ce 9 ! organization ( ! animals discov]$ by ,cuvi]1 has made ?is a di/9ct g5us4 ,%ell4 ,equivalve1 transv]se1 )\t any irregul> fold on ! ant]ior m>g91 hav+ ! beaks flex$ inw>d & opposite2 two c>d9al tee?2 two lat]al1 ! po/]ior ( :i* is ne>e/ ! h+e2 muscul> impressions simple1 ligam5t ext]nal4 ,inhabits ! ,indian ,ocean4 ,corbis fimbriata4 ,c4 maculata4 #g4 ,g5us ,luc9a4 ,pl4 ,,vii4 ,animal4 ,v imp]fectly kn[n4 ,%ell4 ,inequilat]al1 suborbicul>1 beaks small1 po9t$1 & oblique2 two div]g5t c>d9al tee?1 "o ( :i* is bifid1 & :i* v>y or disappe> ) age2 two lat]al tee? sometimes obsolete1 ! po/]ior approa*es ne>e/ to ! c>d9al tee?2 two muscul> impressions f> ap>t1 ! po/]ior 9 %ape ( a b&1 sometimes v long2 ligam5t ext]nal4 ,inhabits ! ,briti% & ,am]ican seas4 ,tw5ty-six species4 ,luc9a ,jamaic5sis4 ,l4 ed5tula4 ,l4 radula4 ,l4 lactea4 ,l4 circ9>ia4 ,l4 columbella4 ,l4 mutabilis4 ,l4 squamosa4 ,l4 ,p]uviana4 ,l4 fimbriata4 ,l4 undata4 ,l4 div>icata4 ,l4 scabra4 ,l4 s9uata4 ,l4 lutea4 ,l4 globul>is4 ,l4 digitalis4 ,l4 ,pect54 ,l4 reticulata4 ,l4 c>m>ia4 ,l4 conc5trica4 ,l4 bella499 ,l4 ,p5nsylvania499 ,l4 sphroides499 ,l4 ,cali=nica499 ,l4 ,nuttallii499 #h4 ,g5us ,donax4 ,pl4 ,,vii4 ,animal4 ,z 9 ,tell9a4 ,%ell4 ,transv]se1 inequilat]al1 equivalve2 ant]ior side %ort & obtuse2 two prim>y tee? 9 "o or bo? valves2 "o or two lat]al tee? v>y+ 9 di/ance2 two r\nd muscul> impressions2 ligam5t1 ext]nal1 %ort1 & ins]t$ at ! po/]ior impression4 ,inhabits ! seas ( ,europe & ,am]ica4 ,?irty-"o species4 ,donax pubesc5s4 ,d4 cuneata4 ,d4 radians4 ,d4 abbreviata4 ,d4 r+5s4 ,d4 ,cay5n5sis4 ,d4 d5ticulata4 ,d4 c9at9a4 ,d4 c>dioides4 ,d4 scorta4 ,d4 compressa4 ,d4 columbella4 ,d4 ,au/ralis4 ,d4 bicolor4 ,d4 m]ois4 ,d4 scripta4 ,d4 trunculata4 ,d4 fiabagella4 ,d4 ,m>t9insis4 ,d4 triquetra4 ,d4 rugosa4 ,d4 elongata4 ,d4 deltoides4 ,d4 v5]i=mis4 ,d4 ,vittata4 ,d4 granosa4 ,d4 epid]mia4 ,d4 m9ima4 ,d4 v>iabilis499 ,d4 foss>499 ,d4 ,cali=nica499 #i4 ,g5us ,capsa4 ,pl4 ,,vii4 ,animal4 ,z above4 ,%ell4 ,transv]se1 equivalve1 valves approximate & close2 ?ree prim>y tee? 9 ! "r valve1 & a s+le bifid too? 9 ! left1 ins]t$ into a cavity 9 ! opposite "o2 no lat]al tee?2 ligam5t ext]nal & on ! %ort side1 z 9 ,donax1 f :i* x 0 sep>at$ by ,lam>ck1 on acc\nt ( ! peculi>ity ( ! h+e1 inhabits ! ,indian ,ocean4 ,?ree species4 ,capsa levigata4 ,c4 ,brazili5sis4 ,c4 ,donaoides4 #aj4 ,g5us ,crass9a4 ,pl4 ,,vii4 ,animal4 ,z above4 ,%ell4 ,di/+ui%$ f ! ,v5us by hav+ only two tee? on ea* valve1 & f ! crasatella by ! position ( ! ligam5t2 solid1 suborbicul>1 ?ick1 h+e ) two /rong div]g+ prim>y tee? 9 ! "r valve1 & two unequal ones on ! o!r2 ligam5t ext]nal4 ,inhabits ! ,scotti% & ,devon%ire coa/s4 ,"o species4 ,crass9a ,danmoni5sis4 ,,family ,,ix4 ,,con*acea4 ,sev5 ,g5]a4 ,?is family is divid$ into ,con* ,m>91 & ,con* ,fluviatiles4 ,,con* ,,m>94 ,f\r ,g5]a4 #a4 ,cypr9a4 ,pl4 ,,vii4 ,animal4 ,?ick1 oval1 foot compress$1 falci=m1 g5iculat$ mantle clos$ beh9d1 & pi]c$ by two oval ap]tures ) cirr\s edges3 no v]itable tubes4 ,%ell4 ,) epid]mis2 ?ick1 regul>1 sub/riat$ longitud9ally1 sub-cordi=m1 equivalv$1 inequilat]al2 summits /rongly flex$ to ! front & (t5 contigu\s2 h+e ?ick1 subsimil>1 =m$ by ?ree slightly conv]g+ c>d9al tee?1 & by a po/]ior lat]al too?1 sometimes obsolete2 ligam5t v ?ick2 muscul> impressions di/ant1 subcircul>1 & unit$ by a n>r[ m>g9al b&4 ,inhabits ! ,atlantic ,ocean & ,briti% seas4 ,two liv+ species4 ,sev5 fossil4 ,cypr9a t5ni/ria4 ,c4 ,icel&ica4 #b4 ,g5us ,cy!rea4 ,pl4 ,,vii4 ,animal4 ,oval or r\nd1 g5]ally b little compress$2 edges ( ! mantle undul\s1 & g>ni%$ ) t5tacul> cirri 9 "o r[2 foot consid]able1 compress$1 tr5*ant1 9 o!r respects div]si=m2 tubes tol]ably elongat$1 & mo/ usually unit$2 m\? small2 labial app5dages q small2 bran*i wide1 %ort1 free1 or n unit$ ei!r ) "o ano!r or ) ^? ( ! opposite side4 ,%ell4 ,solid1 equivalve1 regul>1 inequilat]al2 summits equal1 reflex$1 & slightly project+2 f\r prim>y tee? on "o valve1 ( :i* ?ree are div]g5t1 & approximat+ at ! base1 & "o remote--?is circum/ance easily di/+ui%+ x f ! ,v5us4 ,on ! o!r valve are ?ree prim>y div]g5t tee? ) a di/ant cavity p>allel ) ! edge4 ,inhabits ! ,briti%1 ,m$it]ranean1 & ,am]ican seas4 ,eighty-?ree liv+ species4 ,n9e fossil4 ,cy!rea pete*ialis4 ,c4 morph9a4 ,c4 ,ca/anea4 ,c4 ca/a4 ,c4 lusoria4 ,c4 graphica4 ,c4 impudica4 ,c4 purpurata4 ,c4 zon>ia4 ,c4 tigr9a4 ,c4 pulic>is4 ,c4 numul9a4 ,c4 abbreviata4 ,c4 pect9ata4 ,c4 flexuosa4 ,c4 ranella4 ,c4 lunul>is4 ,c4 div>icata4 ,c4 corbicula4 ,c4 m]etrix4 ,c4 tripla4 ,c4 eryc9a4 ,c4 imp>4 ,c4 ,gu9i5sis4 ,c4 pectoralis4 ,c4 ,arabica4 ,c4 ,florida4 ,c4 immaculata4 ,c4 ,*ione4 ,c4 hepatica4 ,c4 citr9a4 ,c4 lactea4 ,c4 lata4 ,c4 l9cta4 ,c4 trigonella4 ,c4 pro/rata4 ,c4 ,hebra4 ,c4 tig]9a4 ,c4 ornata4 ,c4 umbonella4 ,c4 ca/r5sis4 ,c4 picta4 ,c4 scripta4 ,c4 mixta4 ,c4 musc>ia4 ,c4 plicat9a4 ,c4 d5t>ia4 ,c4 nodulosa4 ,c4 cuneata4 ,c4 lun>is4 ,c4 placunella4 ,c4 cygnus4 ,c4 juv5ilis4 ,c4 gigantea4 ,c4 ,v5etiana4 ,c4 lilac9a4 ,c4 rufa4 ,c4 eryc9ella4 ,c4 ,dione4 ,c4 planatella4 ,c4 trimaculata4 ,c4 nitidula4 ,c4 pellucida4 ,c4 maculata4 ,c4 luc9alis4 ,c4 alb9a4 ,c4 exoleta4 ,c4 mactroides4 ,c4 conc5trica4 ,c4 sulcat9a4 ,c4 int]rupta4 ,c4 punctata4 ,c4 undat9a4 ,c4 gibbia4 ,c4 macrodon4 ,c4 te/ud9alis4 ,c4 rugif]a4 ,c4 asp]gata4 ,c4 squamosa4 ,c4 c>dilla4 ,c4 occulta499 ,c4 callosa499 ,c4 crassatelloides499 #c4 ,g5us ,v5us4 ,pl4 ,,vii4 ,animal4 ,z above4 ,%ell4 ,solid1 ?ick1 regul>1 p]fectly equivalv$ & close1 m or less inequilat]al2 summits well m>k$ & incl9$ to ! front2 h+e subsimil>2 ! middle c>d9al too? =k$1 or ?ree c>d9al tee? m or less contigu\s & conv]g5t t[>ds ! summits2 ligam5t ?ick1 (t5 arcuat$1 convex1 ext]ior2 two di/ant muscul> impressions2 cordi=m depressions b5ea? ! beaks4 ,inhabits ! ,briti% & ,am]ican seas4 ,"o hundr$ liv+ species4 ,n9e fossil4 ,v5us reticulata4 ,v4 rugosa4 ,v4 corbis4 ,v4 crebiscula4 ,v4 disc9a4 ,v4 cancellata4 ,v4 m>ica4 ,v4 sulc>ia4 ,v4 c>divides4 ,v4 texturata4 ,v4 elliptica4 ,v4 r>iflamma4 ,v4 m]c5>ia4 ,v4 pulla/ra4 ,v4 gall9a4 ,v4 truncata4 ,v4 pect9ula4 ,v4 anomala4 ,v4 lamellata4 ,v4 exilis4 ,v4 rufa4 ,v4 ,scotica4 ,v4 hiant9a4 ,v4 virg9ea4 ,v4 corugata4 ,v4 ovula4 ,v4 papilionacea4 ,v4 callipyga4 ,v4 punctif]a ,v4 nebulosa ,v4 lit]ata ,v5us floridella4 ,v4 aphrod9a4 ,v4 pul*ella4 ,v4 aphrod9oides4 ,v4 tri/is4 ,v4 flammea4 ,v4 pu]p]a4 ,v4 v]rucosa4 ,v4 pygma4 ,v4 cas9a4 ,v4 cr5ulata4 ,v4 plicata4 ,v4 granulata4 ,v4 pector9a4 ,v4 c+ulata4 ,v4 textilis4 ,v4 grisea4 ,v4 geographica4 ,v4 ,dombeii4 ,v4 decussata4 ,v4 lagopus4 ,v4 gl&9a4 ,v4 gall9ula4 ,v4 retif]a4 ,v4 sulcata4 ,v4 galactites4 ,v4 exalbida4 ,v4 scal>9a4 ,v4 dorsata4 ,v4 aurea4 ,v4 crassisulca4 ,v4 c>neola4 ,v4 petal9a4 ,v4 cornul>is4 ,v4 adsp]sa4 ,v4 opima4 ,v4 turgida4 ,v4 flammiculata4 ,v4 /rigosa4 ,v4 ,p]ronii4 ,v4 elegant9a4 ,v4 undulosa4 ,v4 v]miculosa4 ,v4 vulv9a4 ,v4 m>morata4 ,v4 ,malab>ica4 ,v4 lat]isulca4 ,v4 subro/rata4 ,v4 phaseol9a4 ,v4 ,florida4 ,v4 bicolor4 ,v4 cat5if]a4 ,v4 s9uosa4 ,v4 rimul>is4 ,v4 ovata4 ,v4 pumila4 ,v4 inqu9ata4 ,v4 notata499 ,v4 prp>ea499 ,v4 elevata499 ,v4 inequalis499 ,v4 ca/anea499 ,v4 ,nuttallii99 ,v4 /am9ea499 ,v4 ,cali=nica499 ,v4 lamellif]a499 ,v4 ,mortoni499 #d4 ,g5us ,v5]ic>dia4 ,pl4 ,,vii4 ,animal4 ,ne>ly z above4 ,%ell4 ,suborbicul>1 inequilat]al1 equivalve1 sides hav+ usually longitud9ally ray$ ribs2 h+e ) two oblique c>d9al tee? 9 ea* valve1 turn$ 9 ! same direction4 ,five liv+ species4 ,t5 fossil species4 ,v5]ic>dia ,au/ralis4 ,v4 imbricata4 ,v4 flammea4 ,v4 ,tank]villii4 ,v4 crassico/a4 ,,con* ,,fluviatiles4 ,?ree ,g5]a4 #e4 ,g5us ,cyclas4 ,pl4 ,,vii4 ,animal4 ,body oval1 ?ick2 edges ( ! mantle simple2 tubes %ort & unit$2 foot wide1 compress$ at base1 & t]m9at$ by a sort ( leg or app5dage4 ,! %ells ( ?is g5us are v small1 f\nd buri$ 9 ! mud ( fre% wat]s2 summits nev] erod$1 b "s species are s ?9 z to be transp>5t4 ,%ell4 ,) an epid]mis1 oval1 or suborbicul>1 regul>1 equivalv$1 inequilat]al2 summits obtuse1 contigu\s or turn$ ant]iorly2 h+e simil>1 complex1 =m$ by a slightly v>iable numb] ( c>d9al tee?1 & by two sep>at$ lat]al tee? ) a pit at ! base2 ligam5t ext]ior1 po/]ior1 & inflat$2 two di/ant muscul> impressions1 unit$ by a fa9tly m>k$ abdom9al b&1 & )\t po/]ior excavation4 ,fifte5 species4 ,cyclas cornea4 ,c4 obliqua4 ,c4 obtusalis4 ,c4 ,au/ralis4 ,c4 /riat9a4 ,c4 rivicola4 ,c4 lacu/ris4 ,c4 calyculata4 ,c4 font9alis4 ,c4 sulcata4 ,c4 ,s>ratogea499 ,c4 ,rhomboidea499 ,c4 similis499 ,c4 ,p>tumeia499 ,c4 dubia499 #f4 ,g5us ,cyr5a4 ,pl4 ,,vii4 ,animal4 ,z above4 ,%ell4 ,r\nd$ & trigonal1 v5tricose1 inequilat]al2 h+e ) ?ree tee? on ea* valve2 two lat]al tee?1 "o ( :i* is ne> ! prim>y ones2 ligam5t ext]ior1 situat$ on ! l>ge/ side4 ,! apices are always erod$ or c>i\s 9 %ells ( ?is g5us4 ,inhabits ! riv]s ( ,*9a4 ,"o is f\nd on ! coa/ ( ,c>ol9a4 ,t5 liv+ species4 ,"o fossil4 ,cyr5a ori5talis4 ,c4 depressa4 ,c4 fuscata4 ,c4 violacea4 ,c4 ,ceylonica4 ,c4 trigonella4 ,c4 cor4 ,c4 flum9ea4 ,c4 ,b5gal5sis4 ,c4 ,c>ol9i5sis499 #g4 ,g5us ,gala!a4 ,pl4 ,,vii4 ,animal4 ,z above4 ,%ell4 ,equivalve1 subtrigonal1 cov]$ ) a gre5i% epid]mis2 ! surface b5ea? is :ite1 ) sev]al violet /reaks radiat+ f ! summit to ! m>g92 two furr[$ c>d9al tee? ^u "o valve1 ?ree ^u ! o!r1 ! middle "o be+ l>ge/ & call\s2 muscul> impressions d\ble & lat]al4 ,inhabits ! riv]s ( ,ceylon4 ,"o species4 ,gala!a radiata4 ,,family ,x4 ,,c>diacea4 ,five ,g5]a4 #a4 ,g5us ,c>dium4 ,pl4 ,,vii4 ,animal4 ,body some:at inflat$2 mantle edg$ ) t5tacul> cirri 9 all its inf]ior "p2 tubes unit$1 ( mod]ate size1 & provid$ ) cirri at ! extremity2 m\? transv]se1 v wide1 ) mod]ate labial app5dages2 foot v l>ge1 cyl9drical1 some:at incl9$ ant]iorly2 bran*i ?ick1 r small1 especially ! ext]nal lam93 ! int]nal unit$ 9 all _! ext5t4 ,%ell4 ,inflat$1 equivalve1 sub-cordi=m 7:5 view$ ant]iorly1 usually co/at$ f ! apex to ! circumf]5ce72 summits v evid5t1 b slightly flex$ to ! front2 h+e complex1 simil>1 =m$ ( two oblique1 conical c>d9al tee?1 & ( two di/ant lat]al tee?1 ^u ea* valve2 ligam5t dorsal1 po/]ior & v %ort4 ,inhabits ! ,european & ,am]ican seas4 ,fifty-sev5 liv+ species4 ,f\rte5 fossil4 ,c>dium indicum4 ,c4 ,asiaticum4 ,c4 fimbriatum4 ,c4 aculeatum4 ,c4 tub]culatum4 ,c4 ap]tum4 ,c4 bullatum4 ,c4 e*9atum4 ,c4 biradiatum4 ,c4 pect9atum4 ,c4 isoc>dium4 ,c4 angulatum4 ,c4 s]ratum4 ,c4 co/atum4 ,c4 r+5s4 ,c4 t5nico/atum4 ,c4 psudolima4 ,c4 cr9aceum4 ,c4 ,basilianum4 ,c4 papyraceum4 ,c4 cili>e4 ,c4 levigatum4 ,c4 eolicum4 ,c4 elongatum4 ,c4 rugosum4 ,c4 un$o4 ,c4 m$9um4 ,c4 tumotif]um4 ,c4 retusum4 ,c4 ru/icum4 ,c4 ,gre5dl&icum4 ,c4 cr5ulatum4 ,c4 m9otum4 ,c4 scob9atum4 ,c4 c>dissum4 ,c4 inv]sum4 ,c4 v5tricosum4 ,c4 obtusum4 ,c4 fragum4 ,c4 l9eatum4 ,c4 edule4 ,c4 latum4 ,c4 exigunum4 ,c4 ros5um4 ,c4 hemic>dium4 ,c4 ,junoni4 ,c4 muricatum4 ,c4 m>moreum4 ,c4 sulcatum4 ,c4 cifidium4 ,c4 ,mortonii499 ,c4 sub/riatum499 ,c4 ,nuttallii499 ,c4 ,cali=nianum499 ,c4 quadrag5>ium499 ,c4 ,p5nulatum499 ,c4 pubesc5s499 #b4 ,g5us ,c>dita4 ,pl4 ,,vii4 ,animal4 ,body suborbicul>1 t]m9at$ sup]iorly by a sort ( hook2 mantle b little op52 foot t]m9at$ at its extremity by a "p mu* n>r[] ?an ! base2 sup]ior lobes ( ! bran*i v %ort4 ,%ell4 ,?ick1 solid1 equivalve1 m or less inequilat]al2 summit dorsal always mu* flex$ ant]iorly2 h+e simil>1 =m$ by two oblique tee?1 "o %ort1 c>d9al or apicial1 ! o!r po/apicial1 long1 lamell\s & arcuat$2 ligam5t elongat$1 subext]ior & ins]t$2 two v di/9ct muscul> impressions1 unit$ by a palleal b&1 n>r[ & semicircul>4 ,inhabits ! ,m$it]ranean & ,am]ican seas4 ,tw5ty-?ree liv+ species4 ,f\r fossil4 ,c>dita ,aj>4 ,c4 squamosa4 ,c4 crassico/a4 ,c4 calyculata4 ,c4 nodulosa4 ,c4 trapezia4 ,c4 sulcata4 ,c4 turgida4 ,c4 phr5etica4 ,c4 rufesc5s4 ,c4 subasp]a4 ,c4 int]m$ia4 ,c4 depressa4 ,c4 s9uata4 ,c4 citr9a4 ,c4 orbul>is4 ,c4 bicolor4 ,c4 concam]ata4 ,c4 avicul9a4 ,c4 sublevigata4 ,c4 li?ophagella4 ,c4 borealis499 ,c4 incrassata499 #c4 ,g5us ,cypric>dia4 ,pl4 ,,vii4 ,animal4 ,z above4 ,%ell4 ,obliquely elongat$1 equivalve1 inequilat]al2 valves /riat$1 n ribb$2 di/+ui%$ f ! ,c>dita by hav+ ?ree tee? b5ea? ! apices1 & a call\s l5g!n$ too? or ridge4 ,inhabits ! coa/ ( ,gu9ea & ,cali=nia4 ,five liv+ species4 ,?ree fossil4 ,cypric>dia angulata4 ,c4 ,gu9aica4 ,c4 coralliophaga4 ,c4 ro/rata4 ,c4 ,cali=nica499 #d4 ,g5us ,hiatella4 ,pl4 ,,vii4 ,animal4 ,unkn[n4 ,%ell4 ,?91 elongat$1 subrhomboidal1 equivalve1 v inequilat]al1 gap+ at its inf]ior edge1 & at its po/]ior extremity2 summit v ant]ior1 & mu* flex$ to ! front2 h+e =m$ ( a s+le too? ^u "o valve correspond+ to an em>g9ation 9 ! opposite valve1 or ( a small too? ) a c>d9al pit ^u ea* valve2 ligam5t ext]ior & dorsal4 ,inhabits ! ,briti% seas4 ,two species4 ,hiatella ,arctica4 ,h4 biap]ta4 #e4 ,g5us ,isoc>dia4 ,pl4 ,,viii4 ,animal4 ,body v ?ick3 edges ( ! mantle f9ely papillace\s1 sep>at$ inf]iorly1 & unit$ beh9d by a transv]se b&1 pi]c$ ) two orifices surr\nd$ ) radiat+ papill2 foot small1 compress$1 tr5*ant4 ,%ell4 ,free1 regul>1 inflat$1 equivalve1 v inequilat]al1 ) div]g+ summits1 /rongly flex$ ant]iorly & outw>dly1 9 a comm5c+ spiral1 h+e dorsal1 long1 simil>1 =m$ ( two flat c>d9al tee? & "o lamell\s beh9d ! ligam5t2 ligam5t dorsal1 ext]ior1 div]g+ ant]iorly t[>ds ! summit2 muscul> impressions v di/ant & small4 ,inhabits ! ,m$it]ranean & ,briti% seas4 ,f\r liv+ species4 ,"o fossil4 ,isoc>dia ,moltikana4 ,i4 retusum4 ,i4 cor4 ,i4 semisulcata4 ,,family ,,xi4 ,,arcacea4 ,f\r ,g5]a4 #a4 ,g5us ,arca4 ,pl4 ,,viii4 ,animal4 ,body ?ick1 slightly v>iable 9 =m2 abdom5 provid$ ) a p$unculat$ foot1 compress$1 fit = adhesion1 & cleft ?r\gh\t its ext5t2 mantle suppli$ ) a simple r[ ( cirri & slightly prolong$ po/]iorly2 buccal t5tacula v small & v ?94 ,%ell4 ,some:at div]si=m1 b mo/ usually elongat$ & m or less oblique at ! po/]ior extremity1 (t5 v inequilat]al2 summits m or less di/ant & little flex$ to ! front2 h+e anomal\s1 /raight1 or a little flex$1 long1 & =m$ by a l9e ( %ort v]tical tee?1 decreas+ f ! extremities to ! c5tre2 ligam5t ext]ior1 wide1 ne>ly z mu* be=e z beh9d ! summit2 two muscul> impressions unit$ by a b& or palleal impression1 n v di/9ct4 ,inhabits ! ,am]ican & ,briti% seas4 ,=ty-"o liv+ species4 ,n9e fossil4 ,arca semitorta4 ,a4 tetragona4 ,a4 s9uata4 ,a4 c>dissa4 ,a4 retusa4 ,a4 ovata4 ,a4 scapha4 ,a4 fusca4 ,a4 ,dom+5sis4 ,a4 trapez9a4 ,a4 inequivalvis4 ,a4 tortuosa4 ,a4 ,no4 ,a4 umbonata4 ,a4 avellana4 ,a4 v5tricosa4 ,a4 sulcata4 ,a4 ,helb+ii4 ,a4 b>bata4 ,a4 ,magellanica4 ,a4 pisol9a4 ,a4 callif]a4 ,a4 bisulcata4 ,a4 s5ilis4 ,a4 auriculata4 ,a4 ,cay5n5sis4 ,a4 antiquata4 ,a4 ,braziliana4 ,a4 lactea4 ,a4 cancell>ia4 ,a4 irud9a4 ,a4 rhombea4 ,a4 corbicula4 ,a4 ,indica4 ,a4 granosa4 ,a4 squamosa4 ,a4 pi/a*ia4 ,a4 pond]osa499 ,a4 pexata499 ,a4 incongrua499 ,a4 transv]sa499 #b4 ,g5us ,cuculla4 ,pl4 ,,viii4 ,animal4 ,z above4 ,%ell4 ,trapezi=m1 inequilat]al1 equivalve1 he>t-%ap$2 beaks f> ap>t1 sep>at$ by ! angul> groove ( ! ligam5t1 :i* is altoge!r ext]nal2 h+e l9e>1 /raight1 ) small transv]se tee?1 hav+ at its extremity f two to five p>allel ribs2 valves m9utely /riat$ longitud9ally2 m>g9s cr5ulat$4 ,! ,cuculla is di/+ui%$ f ! ,arca by ! muscul> impression1 to "o side ( :i* is an auri=m te/ace\s app5dage2 ! %ell also is m trapezi=m4 ,inhabits ! ,indian ocean4 ,"o liv+ species4 ,"o fossil4 ,cuculla auriculif]a4 #c4 ,g5us ,pectunculus4 ,pl4 ,,viii4 ,animal4 ,body r\nd1 m or less compress$2 mantle )\t cirri or tubes2 foot securi=m1 cleft at its inf]ior ant]ior edge2 buccal app5dages l9e>4 ,%ell4 ,orbicul>1 equivalve1 subequilat]al2 summit ne>ly v]tical1 & m or less di/ant2 h+e =m$ ^u ea* valve1 ( a num]\s s]ies ( small tee? dispos$ 9 a curv$ l9e1 sometimes int]rupt$ b5ea? ! summit2 ligam5t z 9 ,arca1 b usually mu* n>r[]4 ,inhabits ! ,briti% & ,m$it]ranean seas4 ,tw5ty-two liv+ species4 ,n9e fossil4 ,pectunculus pilosus4 ,p4 m>moratus4 ,p4 ,p5naceus4 ,p4 ca/aneus4 ,p4 angulatus4 ,p4 palleus4 ,p4 zonalis4 ,p4 glycim]is4 ,p4 undulatus4 ,p4 scriptus4 ,p4 /ellatus4 ,p4 violacesc5s4 ,p4 aggregatus4 ,p4 /riatul>is4 ,p4 pect9atus4 ,p4 rubeus4 ,p4 pect9i=mis4 ,p4 numm>ius4 ,p4 radiatus4 ,p4 vitreus4 ,p4 inscriptus4 ,p4 c9]osus4 #d4 ,g5us ,nucula4 ,pl4 ,,viii4 ,animal4 ,body subtriquetral2 mantle op5 9 its inf]ior half only1 ) :ole edges1 d5ticulat$ ?r\gh\t ! ext5t ( ! back1 )\t po/]ior prolongation2 foot v l>ge1 ?9 at ! root1 enl>g$ into a wide oval disk1 ! edges ( :i* are furni%$ ) t5tacul> digitations2 ant]ior buccal app5dages1 pretty long1 po9t$1 /iff1 & appli$ "o aga9/ ! o!r l jaws2 ! po/]ior ones also /iff & v]tical4 ,%ell4 ,m or less ?ick1 subtriquetral1 equivalv$1 inequilat]al1 ) summits contigu\s & incl9$ ant]iorly2 h+e simil>1 =m$ by a num]\s s]ies ( v %>p tee?1 pect9at$ & arrang$ 9 a l9e int]rupt$ "u ! summit2 ligam5t int]nal1 %ort1 ins]t$ 9 a little oblique pit 9 ea* valve2 two muscul> impressions4 ,inhabits ! ,briti% & ,am]ican seas4 ,=ty-five liv+ species4 ,f\r fossil4 ,nucula lanceolata4 ,n4 pella4 ,n4 obliqua4 ,n4 elongata4 ,n4 tell9oides4 ,n4 cr5if]a4 ,n4 ,arctica4 ,n4 curviro/ra4 ,n4 glacialis4 ,n4 fluviatilis4 ,n4 m9uta4 ,n4 p>a4 ,n4 ,mauritania4 ,n4 ro/rata4 ,n4 ,nicob>ica4 ,n4 ,m>g>itacea4 ,n4 ,co/ellata4 ,n4 gibbosa4 ,n4 eburnea4 ,n4 polita4 ,n4 nasuta4 ,n4 fabula4 ,n4 ,el55sis4 ,n4 cuneata4 ,n4 /riata4 ,n4 rugulosa4 ,n4 ,limatula4 ,n4 lvis4 ,n4 conc5trica4 ,n4 decussata4 ,n4 exigua4 ,n4 squamosa4 ,n4 gigantea4 ,n4 nitida4 ,n4 t5uis4 ,n4 convexa4 ,n4 ,pisum4 ,n4 c>9if]a4 ,n4 torta4 ,n4 plic>ia4 ,n4 navicul>is499 ,n4 t5uisulta499 ,n4 proxima499 ,n4 acuta499 ,n4 myalis499 ,,family ,,xii4 ,,trigonacea4 ,two g5]a4 #a4 ,g5us ,trigonia4 ,pl4 ,,viii4 ,animal4 ,entirely unkn[n4 ,%ell4 ,subtrigonal or suborbicul>1 ?ick1 regul>1 equivalve1 inequilat]al2 summits b slightly prom95t1 little flex$1 ant]odorsal2 h+e complex1 dorsal1 dissimil>2 two ?ick oblong tee? jo9$ angul>ly "u ! summit1 /rongly furr[$ ^u ! "r valve1 p5etrat+ into two excavations ( ! same =m1 also furr[$1 9 ! left valve2 ligam5t po/apicial2 two di/9ct muscul> impressions1 n unit$ by a b&4 ,inhabits ! ,au/ralian seas4 ,"o liv+ species4 ,fifte5 fossil4 ,trigonia pect9ata4 #b4 ,g5us ,ca/alia4 ,pl4 ,,viii4 ,animal4 ,body l>ge1 slightly compress$1 or mod]ately ?ick1 m or less oval2 mantle ) ?ick edges1 simple or brok51 op5 9 all its circumf]5ce except t[>ds ! back a k9d ( small1 incomplete tube1 furni%$ ) two r[s ( some:at elongat$ cirri = ! respiratory cavity2 flamelli=m & tr5*ant4 ,%ell4 ,subtrigonal1 equivalve1 inequilat]al2 umbones erod$1 cov]$ ) epid]mis1 & flex$ ant]iorly2 h+e ) two lamell> tee? transv]sely /riat$1 "o di/ant1 po/]ior & %ort5$1 ! o!r ant]ior1 long1 & lat]al2 ligam5t ext]ior4 ,habitation unkn[n4 ,"o species4 ,ca/alia ambigua4 ,,family ,,xiii4 ,,naiadea4 ,f\r g5]a4 #a4 ,g5us ,unio4 ,pl4 ,,viii4 ,animal4 ,see ,ca/alia4 ,%ell4 ,usually v ?ick1 nacr$ )91 cov]$ ) epid]mis1 corrod$ at ! summits1 :i* are dorsal & subant]ior2 dorsal h+e =m$ by a d\ble prec>d9al too?1 m or less compress$1 irregul>ly d5tat$ on ! left valve1 & simple on ! "r1 toge!r ) a long lamell\s too? "u ! ligam5t3 ligam5t ext]nal1 dorsal1 & po/apicial2 two muscul> impressions1 well m>k$1 besides ^? ( ! retractile muscles4 ,! species ( ?is g5us gr[ m num]\s daily2 !y are f\nd 9 all c\ntries1 b p>ticul>ly 9 ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,"o hundr$ & sixty-sev5 def9$ species4 ,num]\s fossil4 ,unio ,batayus4 ,u4 crassissimus4 ,u4 elongatus4 ,u4 litoralis4 ,u4 pictorum4 ,u4 platyrhyn*us4 ,u4 m>g9alis4 ,u4 tigris4 ,u4 ,egyptiacus4 ,u4 ,niloticus4 ,u4 ,leaii4 ,u4 crassid5s4 ,u4 obliquus4 ,u4 plicatus4 ,u4 purpuratus4 ,u4 radiatus4 ,u4 rectus4 ,u4 retusus4 ,u4 rotundatus4 ,u4 ,au/ralis4 ,u4 ,nova ,holl&ica4 ,! foll[+ species are ,am]ican3 ,unio ,b5gal5sis4 ,lea4 ,u4 bil9eatus4 ,u4 lamellatus4 ,lea4 ,u4 ,mor*isonianus4 ,u4 cruleus4 ,lea4 ,u4 corrugatus4 ,u4 ,corrianus4 ,u4 ,graianus4 ,u4 alatus4 ,u4 &ontoides4 ,u4 ,augu/atus4 ,u4 apiculatus4 ,u4 arc=mis4 ,u4 arctior4 ,u4 asp]imus4 ,u4 asp]4 ,u4 ,bl&+ianus4 ,u4 ,b>nesianus4 ,u4 brevid5s4 ,u4 camelus4 ,u4 caps=mis4 ,u4 c>bon>ius4 ,u4 ca/anus4 ,u4 ,claiborn5sis4 ,u4 circulus4 ,u4 occ9eus4 ,u4 compressus4 ,u4 complanatus4 ,u4 conf]tus4 ,u4 cong>u4 ,u4 contrad5s4 ,u4 ,coop]ianus4 ,u4 crep]us4 ,u4 cupr9us4 ,u4 ,cumb]l&icus4 ,u4 decisus4 ,u4 dolabri=mis4 ,u4 donaci=mis4 ,u4 ,dorfeuillianus4 ,u4 uromas4 ,u4 eb5us4 ,u4 elegans4 ,u4 oliv>us4 ,lea4 ,u4 pond]osus4 ,u4 div>icatus4 ,u4 acutissimus4 ,u4 fabalis4 ,u4 ,fi%]ianus4 ,u4 folliculatus4 ,u4 fulvus4 ,u4 gibb]4 ,u4 glab]4 ,u4 glans4 ,u4 globosus4 ,u4 granif]us4 ,u4 ,griffi?ianus4 ,u4 ,haysianus4 ,u4 het]odon4 ,u4 ,hildre?ianus4 ,u4 ,hopeton5sis4 ,u4 ,hydianus4 ,u4 inflatus4 ,u4 int]ruptus4 ,u4 iris4 ,u4 irroratus4 ,u4 ,jay5sis4 ,u4 jegunus4 ,u4 ,ka!r94 ,u4 ,kirkl&ianus4 ,u4 lvissimus4 ,u4 lacrymosus4 ,u4 lancolatus4 ,u4 ,lecontianus4 ,u4 l5s4 ,u4 lugubris4 ,u4 luteolus4 ,u4 ,m$ell9us4 ,u4 ,m5kianus4 ,u4 metanev]4 ,u4 ,mhlfeldianus4 ,u4 ellipsis4 ,lea4 ,u4 multiradiatus4 ,u4 modioli(ormis4 ,u4 notatus4 ,u4 ,novi-,eboraci4 ,u4 obesus4 ,u4 obscurus4 ,u4 occid5s4 ,u4 palliatus4 ,u4 patulus4 ,u4 /apes4 ,u4 p]dix4 ,u4 p]plexus4 ,u4 pictus4 ,u4 pileus4 ,u4 plicif]us4 ,u4 pul*]4 ,u4 pumilis4 ,u4 pu/ulatus4 ,u4 pu/ulosus4 ,u4 pyramidatus4 ,u4 ,rangianus4 ,u4 ,rav5elianus4 ,u4 ,roanok5sis4 ,u4 rubig9osus4 ,u4 ,s*oolcraft5sis4 ,u4 securis4 ,u4 ,%ep>dianus4 ,u4 simus4 ,u4 solidus4 ,u4 ,s[]bianus4 ,u4 sp9osus4 ,u4 spl5didus4 ,u4 multiplicatus4 ,lea4 ,u4 subovatus4 ,u4 subrotundus4 ,u4 sulcatus4 ,u4 ,taitianus4 ,u4 ,tampico5sis4 ,u4 ,tappanianus4 ,u4 t5uissimus4 ,u4 trapezoides4 ,u4 trigonus4 ,u4 ,troo/5sis4 ,u4 turgidus4 ,u4 ,vanuxem5sis4 ,u4 v>icosus4 ,u4 ,vaughanianus4 ,u4 v5u/us4 ,u4 ,wat]c5sis4 ,u4 ,zeigl]ianus4 ,u4 zigzag4 ,u4 alatus4 ,say4 ,u4 apiculatus4 ,u4 camptodon4 ,u4 c>iosus4 ,u4 crassus4 ,u4 cyl9dricus4 ,u4 declivis4 ,u4 dehisc5s4 ,u4 monodontus4 ,u4 nasutus4 ,u4 ovatus4 ,u4 p]sonatus4 ,u4 subt5tus4 ,u4 tetralasmus4 #b4 ,g5us ,hyria4 ,pl4 ,,viii4 ,animal4 ,z above4 ,%ell4 ,solid1 nacr$1 equivalve1 obliquely triangul>1 auriculat$2 base /raight & truncat$2 h+e ) two project+ tee?1 ! c>d9al divid$ into num]\s radiations1 ant]ior ones small]1 ! o!rs lamell> & long4 ,inhabits ! lakes & riv]s ( ,am]ica4 ,two species4 ,hyria avicul>is499 ,hyria corrugata499 ,,note4--,alasmidonta4 ,sep>at$ by ,say f ! ,anodonta by its prim>y too?1 & f ! ,unio by be+ de/itute ( ! lamelli=m tee?4 ,%ell4 ,transv]se1 equivalve1 inequilat]al2 h+e ) a prim>y too? 9 ea* valve2 cicatrices ?ree4 ,f\r species4 ,alasmidonta undulata4 ,a4 ambigua4 ,a4 m>g9ata4 ,a4 confragosa4 #c4 ,g5us ,anodonta4 ,pl4 ,,viii4 ,animal4 ,z above4 ,%ell4 ,r ?91 regul>1 close1 equivalve1 inequilat]al2 summit ant]odorsal2 h+e entirely )\t tee?1 ) a po/apicial lam9a2 ligam5t ext]nal1 dorsal1 & po/apicial1 two well m>k$ muscul> impressions1 besides ^? ( ! retractile muscles4 ,inhabits fre%-wat] lakes 9 ,europe & ,am]ica4 ,=ty-n9e liv+ species2 & _m fossil4 ,anodonta areolatus4 ,a4 m>g9ata4 ,a4 rub5s4 ,a4 anat9a4 ,a4 fragilis4 ,a4 trapezialis4 ,a4 rufa4 ,a4 uniopsis4 ,a4 int]m$ia4 ,a4 glauca4 ,a4 anat9a4 ,a4 s9uosa4 ,a4 ,patagonica4 ,a4 cygna4 ,a4 sulcata4 ,a4 cat>acta4 ,a4 exotica4 ,a4 crispata4 ,a4 ,p5nsylvanica4 ,a4 maximus4 ,! foll[+ species are ,am]ican4 ,anodonta magnifica4 ,lea4 ,a4 ,woodiana4 ,a4 angulata4 ,a4 ,b5$ict5sis4 ,a4 cyl9dracea4 ,a4 decora4 ,a4 ed5tula4 ,anodonta gigantea4 ,lea4 ,a4 inc]ta4 ,a4 ,pep9iana4 ,a4 plana4 ,a4 salmonia4 ,a4 ,/ew>tiana4 ,a4 subcyl9dracea4 ,a4 ,f]ussac9a4 ,lea4 ,a4 fluviatilis4 ,a4 ,newton5sis4 ,a4 ,nuttalliana4 ,a4 ,oregon5sis4 ,a4 ovata4 ,a4 pavonia4 ,a4 ,wahlamat5sis4 ,a4 ,w>diana4 ,a4 gibbosa4 ,say4 ,a4 gr&is4 ,a4 impura4 ,a4 suborbiculata4 ,a4 undulata4 ,a4 lugubris4 #d4 ,g5us ,irid9a4 ,pl4 ,,viii4 ,animal4 ,z above4 ,! pr9cipal diff]5ce betwe5 ! ,anodonta & ! ,irid9a1 consi/s 9 ! tub]culat$ h+e ( ! latt]4 ,%ell4 ,?91 oval1 mu* elongat$1 inauriculat$2 h+e v long1 l9e>1 & cr5ulat$ ?r\gh\t its l5g?1 ligam5t ext]nal & m>g9al2 two di/9ct muscul> impressions4 ,inhabits ! ,nile & ,am]ican coa/s4 ,six species4 ,irid9a exotica4 ,i4 ,nilotica4 ,i4 cli/is499 ,i4 rub5s499 ,i4 elongata499 ,i4 ,mc,murtria499 ,,family ,,xiv4 ,,*amacea4 ,?ree g5]a4 #a4 ,g5us ,dic]as4 ,pl4 ,,viii4 ,animal4 ,%ell4 ,inequivalve1 adh]5t2 beaks conical1 v l>ge1 div]g+ 9 irregul> spiral contortions2 h+e ) a l>ge1 ?ick1 concave1 subauricul> too? 9 ! l>g] prom95t valve2 two muscul> impressions4 ,"o species4 ,fossil4 ,dic]as ariet9a4 #b4 ,g5us ,*ama4 ,pl4 ,,viii4 ,animal4 ,body suborbicul> t]m9at$ sup]iorly by a sort ( hook2 mantle v slightly op5$ = ! passage ( a foot1 t]m9at$ at its extremity by a "p mu* n>r[] ?an ! base2 sup]ior lobes ( ! bran*i v %ort4 ,%ell4 ,irregul>1 adh]+1 inequivalve1 inequilat]al2 summits m or less twi/$ spirally1 especially 9 ! l[] valve by :i* ^! animals h ! faculty ( affix+ !mselves to o!r bodies2 h+e dissimil>1 ?ick1 =m$ by a s+le lamell\s too? arcuat$1 subcr5ulat$1 po/c>d9al & articulat$ 9 a furr[ ( ! same =m2 ligam5t ant]ior & po/apicial2 two l>ge muscul> impressions1 di/ant4 ,briti% & ,am]ican seas4 ,eighte5 liv+ species4 ,*ama damcornis4 ,c4 cr5ulata4 ,c4 arc9ella4 ,c4 cri/ella4 ,c4 ,laz>us4 ,c4 gryphoides4 ,c4 unicornis4 ,c4 radians4 ,c4 rug9osa4 ,c4 decussata4 ,c4 rud]alis4 ,c4 ,japonica4 ,c4 limbula4 ,c4 asp]ella4 ,c4 albida4 ,c4 croceata4 ,c4 exogyra499 ,c4 ,florida499 #c4 ,g5us ,e!ria4 ,pl4 ,,viii4 ,animal4 ,unkn[n4 ,%ell4 ,adh]+1 irregul>1 ?ick1 mu* nacr$1 inequilat]al1 inequivalve2 summits subcephalic1 ?ick1 indi/9ct1 9 a species ( heel1 gr[+ long] ) age2 h+e )\t tee?1 call\s1 irregul> & ?ick2 ligam5t subdorsal 9 ! ext]ior portion ( ! %ell1 & prolong$ to a po9t int]nally2 two irregul> oblong muscul> impressions1 "o sup]ior & subpo/]ior1 ! o!r inf]ior & ant]ior1 ) a m>g9al palleal impression4 ,inhabits ! ,indian ,ocean4 ,five species4 ,e!ria elliptica4 ,e4 trigonula4 ,e4 semilunata4 ,e4 transv]sa4 ,e4 ,c>t]onii4 ,,family ,,xv4 ,,tridacnea4 ,two g5]a4 #a4 ,g5us ,tridacna4 ,pl4 ,,viii4 ,animal4 ,body some:at ?ick2 edges inflat$1 lobes ( ! mantle adh]+1 & unit$ 9 ne>ly all _! circumf]5ce1 s z to pres5t b ?ree ap]tures1 ! fir/ inf]ior & ant]ior1 = ! egress ( ! foot2 ! second sup]ior & po/]ior = ! bron*ial cavity1 ! ?ird mu* small] & 9 ! middle ( ! dorsal edge2 two pairs ( labial app5dages1 ?91 ne>ly fili=m1 9 ! middle ( :i* is a v small buccal orifice2 bran*i long & n>r[2 abdom9al muscul> mass consid]able1 & giv+ issue1 z if f a cup1 to a ?ick bundle ( byssoid muscul> fibres4 ,%ell4 ,?ick1 solid1 ( v>iable size1 regul>1 triangul>1 inequilat]al2 summits incl9$ po/]iorly1 h+e dissimil>1 entirely ant]ior to ! summit2 a lamell\s prec>d9al too? & two di/ant lat]al tee? ^u ! left valve1 correspond+ ) two prec>d9al lamell\s tee?1 & "o di/ant lat]al too? ^u ! "r valve2 ligam5t ant]ior1 elongat$2 a l>ge1 bifid1 subm$ian muscul> impression2 ano!r ant]ior "o small] & less di/9ct4 ,inhabits ! ,indian ,ocean4 ,sev5 liv+ species4 ,"o fossil4 ,tridacna gigas4 ,t4 squamosa4 ,t4 elongata4 ,t4 crocea4 ,t4 mutica4 ,t4 s]rif]a4 ,t4 pu/ulosa4 #b4 ,g5us ,hippopus4 ,pl4 ,,viii4 ,animal4 ,z above4 ,%ell4 ,m elongat$ & inequilat]al ?an 9 ! ,tridacna1 ! ant]ior side be+ long] ?an ! po/]ior2 ! po/]ior slope clos$ ) a d5tat$ m>g94 ,inhabits ! ,indian seas4 ,"o species4 ,hippopus maculatus4 ,,family ,,xvi4 ,,mytilacea4 ,?ree g5]a4 #a4 ,g5us ,mytilus4 ,pl4 ,,viii4 ,animal4 ,body oval1 some:at inflat$2 mantle op5 9 its inf]ior half only1 & t]m9at$ po/]iorly by an oval cleft ) fr+$ edges2 a l+ui=m1 canaliculat$1 abdom9al app5dage1 ) a byssus at its base beh9d1 & sev]al pairs ( retractile muscles2 m\? ) simple lips2 two contractile muscles1 ( :i* ! ant]ior is v small4 ,%ell4 ,( a s]rat$ tissue1 elongat$1 m or less oval1 sometimes subtriangul>1 equivalve1 summits ant]ior1 m or less curv$1 slop+ inf]iorly 9 a slight degree2 h+e too?less1 or ) two v small rudim5ts2 ligam5t dorsal1 l9e>1 sub9t]ior1 ins]t$ 9 a n>r[ & v long furr[2 two muscul> impressions1 ( :i* ! ant]ior is v small1 besides ^? ( ! retractile muscles4 ,inhabits ! ,briti% & ,am]ican seas4 ,=ty-two species4 ,mytilus erosus4 ,m4 decussatus4 ,m4 elongatus4 ,m4 ,zon>ius4 ,m4 violaceus4 ,m4 sm>agd9us4 ,m4 edulis4 ,m4 ,hesp]ianus4 ,m4 exu/us4 ,m4 ovalis4 ,m4 ,dom+5sis4 ,m4 ,af]4 ,m4 ungul>is4 ,m4 borealis4 ,m4 augu/anus4 ,m4 lacunatus4 ,m4 incurvatus4 ,m4 abbreviatus4 ,m4 ,magellicanus4 ,m4 cr5atus4 ,m4 hirsutus4 ,m4 latus4 ,m4 ungulatus4 ,m4 opalus4 ,m4 corneus4 ,m4 retusus4 ,m4 p]na4 ,m4 bilocul>is4 ,m4 u/ulatus4 ,m4 ,s5egal5sis4 ,m4 a*at9us4 ,m4 planulatus4 ,m4 ,galloprov9cialis4 ,m4 l9eatus4 ,m4 canalis4 ,m4 sangu9eus4 ,m4 hamatus499 ,m4 croceus499 ,m4 cubitus499 ,m4 lat]alis499 ,m4 ,cali=nianus499 ,m4 leucophatus499 #b4 ,g5us ,modiola4 ,pl4 ,,viii4 ,animal4 ,z above4 ,sep>at$ by ,lam>ck f ! ,mytilus1 on acc\nt ( its be+ m transv]se ?an longitud9al1 ! beaks in/ead ( be+ t]m9al are plac$ b5ea? ! apex4 ,%ell4 ,smoo?1 subtransv]se1 equivalve1 regul>1 subtriangul>1 po/]ior side %ort2 summits ne>ly lat]al2 h+e too?less1 l9e> & lat]al2 ligam5t p>tly int]ior1 situat$ 9 a m>g9al furr[2 "o sublat]al1 elongat$ muscul> impression 9 ea* valve4 ,inhabits ! ,briti% & ,am]ican seas4 ,?irty-two species4 ,modiola ,guyan5sis4 ,m4 pulex4 ,m4 discors4 ,m4 c9namorea4 ,m4 plicata4 ,m4 li?ophaga4 ,m4 ,adriatica4 ,m4 discrepans4 ,m4 trapez9a4 ,m4 silicula4 ,m4 sem54 ,m4 lvigata4 ,m4 ,papuana4 ,m4 tulipa4 ,m4 albico/a4 ,m4 vag9a4 ,m4 picta4 ,m4 sulcata4 ,m4 plicatula4 ,m4 semifusca4 ,m4 purpurata4 ,m4 b>bata4 ,m4 caudig]a4 ,m4 squamosa4 ,m4 securis4 ,m4 ,am]icana499 ,m4 ca/anea99 ,m4 opifex499 ,m4 capax499 ,m4 recta499 ,m4 ,c>ol95sis499 ,m4 semi-co/ata499 #c4 ,g5us ,p9na4 ,pl4 ,,viii4 ,animal4 ,body oval1 elongat$1 mod]ately ?ick1 envelop$ 9 a mantle clos$ above1 op5 bel[1 & especially to ! re>1 :]e x =ms sometimes a sort ( tube furni%$ ) t5tacul> cirri3 a flabelli=m abdom9al app5dage1 & a v consid]able byssus2 m\? provid$ ) d\ble lips1 beside two pairs ( labial app5dages2 a s+le l>ge retractile muscle app>5t4 ,%ell4 ,subcornate1 fibr\s1 brittle1 regul>1 equivalve1 longitud9al1 triangul>1 po9t$ ant]iorly1 9 :i* direction is ! summit1 :i* is /raight1 wide1 & frequ5tly truncat$ po/]iorly2 h+e dorsal1 longitud9al1 l9e>1 too?less2 ligam5t occupy+ ne>ly all ! dorsal edge ( ! %ell2 a s+le & v wide muscul> impression po/]iorly2 a trace ( ! ant]ior 9 ! summit4 ,inhabits ! ,m$it]ranean ,sea4 ,fifte5 species4 ,p9na rudis4 ,p4 sem9uda4 ,p4 nobilis4 ,p4 m>g9ata4 ,p4 pect9ata4 ,p4 +5s4 ,p4 v>icosa4 ,p4 flabellum4 ,p4 angu/9a4 ,p4 squamosa4 ,p4 muricata4 ,p4 saccata4 ,p4 dolabrata4 ,p4 vexillum4 ,p4 nigr9a4 ,,family ,,xvii4 ,,malleacea4 ,five g5]a4 #a4 ,g5us ,cr5atula4 ,pl4 ,,viii4 ,animal4 ,unkn[n4 ,%ell4 ,irregul>1 mu* flatt5$1 subrhomboidal1 subequivalve1 gap+ po/]iorly2 summit ant]ior2 h+e longitud9al1 dorsal1 too?less2 ligam5t submultiple1 or inflat$ f place to place1 & ins]t$ 9 a s]ies ( r\nd cavities correspond+ ) ! dorsal edge2 muscul> impression unique & subc5tral4 ,inhabits ! ,r$ ,sea4 ,sev5 species4 ,cr5atula modiol>is4 ,c4 avicul>is4 ,c4 nigr9a4 ,c4 bico/alis4 ,c4 viridis4 ,c4 mytiloides4 ,c4 phasianopt]a4 #b4 ,g5us ,p]na4 ,pl4 ,,viii4 ,animal4 ,body mu* compress$1 ! mantle prolong$ po/]iorly 9 a sort ( lobe1 & fr+$ at its inf]ior edge only2 a byssus2 a s+le contractile muscle4 ,%ell4 ,irregul>1 mu* compress$1 subequivalve1 =m some:at v>iable1 gap+ at ! ant]ior "p ( its inf]ior edge2 summit v small3 h+e /raight1 v]tical1 buccal1 too?less2 ligam5t multiple1 & ins]t$ 9 a s]ies ( longitud9al & p>allel furr[s2 a subc5tral muscul> impression4 ,inhabits ! ,indian seas4 ,t5 species liv+4 ,two fossil2 "o f\nd 9 ,france & "o 9 ,virg9ia4 ,p]na ephippium4 ,p4 isognomon4 ,p4 femoralis4 ,p4 m>supium4 ,p4 obliqua4 ,p4 sulcata4 ,p4 vulsella4 ,p4 nuclea4 ,p4 avicul>is4 ,p4 can9a4 #c4 ,g5us ,malleus4 ,pl4 ,,viii4 ,animal4 ,imp]fectly kn[n1 b c]ta9ly byssif]\s1 ) a s+le retractile muscle4 ,%ell4 ,subnacre\s1 irregul>1 subequivalve1 inequilat]al1 g5]ally mu* auriculat$ ant]iorly1 & prolong$ po/]iorly into ! body1 s z to pres5t "s resemblance to a hamm]2 summits entirely ant]ior2 betwe5 !m & ! inf]ior auricle1 an oblique slope = ! passage ( ! byssus2 h+e l9e>1 v long1 buccal1 too?less2 ligam5t simple1 triangul>1 ins]t$ 9 a conical oblique pit1 p>tly ext]nal2 a mod]ately l>ge subc5tral muscul> impression4 ,inhabits ! ,au/ralian seas4 ,six species4 ,malleus normalis4 ,m4 vulg>is4 ,m4 albus4 ,m4 vulsellatus4 ,m4 anat9us4 ,m4 decurtatus4 #d4 ,g5us ,avicula4 ,pl4 ,,ix4 ,animal4 ,body mu* compress$2 mantle cleft ?r\gh\t its circumf]5ce1 except along ! back1 & g>ni%$ at its free edge ) a d\ble r[ ( v %ort t5tacul> cirri2 foot small1 canaliculat$2 a byssus2 m\? surr\nd$ ) fr+$ lips1 besides two pair ( labial app5dages1 a l>ge contractile muscle1 ne>ly po/]ior4 ,%ell4 ,foliace\s or n2 always nacr$1 subequivalve1 ( a subregul> =m1 b some:at v>iable2 valves oblique1 ! left "o ) a little not*1 ?r\gh :i* ! byssus passes2 h+e l9e>1 too?less1 or ) two small rudim5t>y tee?2 ligam5t m or less ext]ior1 plac$ 9 a n>r[ groove2 "o v l>ge po/]ior muscul> impression & "o v small ant]ior4 ,inhabits ! ,briti% & ,am]ican coa/s4 ,n9ete5 species4 ,avicula nudata4 ,a4 macropt]a4 ,a4 semi-sagitta4 ,a4 falcata4 ,a4 ,t>5t9a4 ,a4 squamulosa4 ,a4 ,co/ellata4 ,a4 lot>ia4 ,a4 het]opt]a4 ,a4 crocea4 ,a4 ,atlantica4 ,a4 papilionacea4 ,a4 physoides4 ,a4 vir5s4 ,a4 trigonata4 ,a4 phalnacea4 ,a4 hirundo499 ,a4 pallida499 ,a4 nebulosa499 #e4 ,g5us ,meleagr9a4 ,pl4 ,,ix4 ,animal4 ,z above4 ,%ell4 ,subequivalve1 r\nd$1 squam\s1 a s9us po/]iorly = ! passage ( ! byssus1 at :i* place ! left valve is not*$ & n>r[2 h+e l9e> & de/itute ( tee?2 ligam5t m>g9al1 elongat$1 p>tly ext]ior1 & dilat$ 9 ! c5tre4 ,inhabits ! ,indian ,ocean4 ,two species1 ( :i* ! fir/ is ! pe>l-oy/]4 ,meleagr9a m>g>itif]a4 ,m4 alb9a4 ,,family ,,xviii4 ,,pect9ea4 ,sev5 g5]a4 #a4 ,g5us ,p$um4 ,pl4 ,,ix4 ,animal4 ,unkn[n1 b probably byssif]\s4 ,%ell4 ,subtriangul>1 inequilat]al1 inequivalve1 ) r\nd$ summits1 freely m>k$1 unequal & di/ant3 ! "r valve inflat$1 wid5$ at its inf]ior & po/]ior edge1 slop$ ant]iorly1 & subauriculat$1 ! left n be+ s2 h+e too?less1 ant]ior or buccal2 ligam5t ins]t$ 9 an oblique cavity prolong$ outw>dly to ! summits1 & c>ri$ )9 into a spoon-l cavity4 ,inhabits ! ,indian ,ocean4 ,"o species4 ,p$um spondyloideum4 #b4 ,g5us ,lima4 ,pl4 ,,ix4 ,animal4 ,body mod]ately compress$2 a byssif]\s abdom9al app5dage2 edges ( ! mantle furni%$ ) t5tacul> cirri 9 sev]al r[s2 m\? surr\nd$ ) a v ?ick fr+$ lip4 ,%ell4 ,oval1 m or less oblique1 ne>ly equivalve1 subauriculat$1 regul>ly gap+ at ! ant]ior portion ( ! inf]ior edge2 summits ant]ior & di/ant2 h+e buccal1 longitud9al1 too?less2 ligam5t r\nd$1 ne>ly ext]ior1 ins]t$ 9 an excavation 9 ea* valve2 a c5tral muscul> impression1 divid$ into ?ree v di/9ct p>ts4 ,inhabits ! ,indian1 ,au/ralasian1 ,am]ican1 & ,m$it]ranean seas4 ,six liv+ species4 ,elev5 fossil4 ,lima inflata4 ,l4 squamosa4 ,l4 annulata4 ,l4 glacialis4 ,l4 fragilis4 ,l4 l+uatula4 #c4 ,g5us ,pect54 ,pl4 ,,ix4 ,animal4 ,body m or less compress$1 orbicul>2 mantle furni%$ ) a s+le r[ ( t5tacul> papill1 & ) small oculi=m1 p$unculat$ disks1 ) regul> spaces betwe5 !m2 rudim5t ( a canaliculat$ foot1 & a byssus2 m\? surr\nd$ ) fle%y app5dages1 irregul>ly ramifi$4 ,%ell4 ,free1 regul>1 ?91 solid1 equivalve1 equilat]al1 auriculat$2 summits contigu\s2 h+e too?less1 a ligam5t\s membrane ?r\gh\t all its ext5t1 besides a %ort1 ?ick1 ligam5t1 almo/ altoge!r int]nal1 & fill+ a triangul> excavation "u ! summit2 a s+le subc5tral muscul> impression4 ,f\nd 9 almo/ all seas4 ,sixty-two species2 &1 accord+ to ,defrance1 n9ety-eight fossil4 ,pect5 maximus4 ,p4 ,jacobu4 ,p4 bifrons4 ,p4 zigzag4 ,p4 m$ius4 ,p4 ,latir5tii4 ,p4 pleuronectes4 ,p4 purpuratus4 ,p4 pallius4 ,p4 impricatus4 ,p4 asp]imus4 ,p4 v>ius4 ,p4 glab]4 ,p4 gris5s4 ,p4 flabellatus4 ,p4 quadradiatus4 ,p4 ,tranqueb>icus4 ,p4 hybridus4 ,p4 oblit]atus4 ,p4 ,magellanicus4 ,p4 l9eol>is4 ,p4 nodosus4 ,p4 pusio4 ,p4 gibbus4 ,p4 ornatus4 ,p4 flor5s4 ,p4 op]cul>is4 ,p4 tigris4 ,p4 hi/rionicus4 ,p4 turgidus4 ,p4 asp]sus4 ,p4 plicus4 ,p4 ra/ellus4 ,p4 flagellatus4 ,p4 flavidulus4 ,p4 ,japanicus4 ,p4 radulus4 ,p4 pes-felis4 ,p4 sauciatus4 ,p4 aurantius4 ,p4 s9uosus4 ,p4 virgo4 ,p4 ,isabella4 ,p4 flexuosa4 ,p4 inflexus4 ,p4 m9iace\s4 ,p4 lividus4 ,p4 sulcatus4 ,p4 unicolor4 ,p4 di/ans4 ,p4 irradians4 ,p4 disp>4 ,p4 ,isl&icus4 ,p4 sulphureus4 ,p4 pellucidus4 ,p4 sangu9e\s4 ,p4 s5atorius4 ,p4 lunatus4 ,p4 l9eatus4 ,p4 dislocatus499 ,p4 conc5tricus499 ,p4 monotim]is499 ,p4 ,latiauratus99 ,p4 ,pealii499 #d4 ,g5us ,plagio/oma4 ,pl4 ,,ix4 ,animal4 ,entirely unkn[n4 ,%ell4 ,mod]ately ?ick1 regul>1 free1 subequivalve1 subauriculat$1 ! two valves ne>ly equally dilat$1 bo? provid$ ) a di/9ct summit reflex$ to ! middle ( a plane surface1 ) a l>ge triangul> slope 9 ! middle2 articulation transv]se1 /raight1 & by two di/ant lat]al condyl4 ,t5 species4 ,fossils only4 #e4 ,g5us ,plicatula4 ,pl4 ,,ix4 ,animal4 ,unkn[n4 ,%ell4 ,solid1 adh]+1 subirregul>1 inauriculat$1 inequivalve1 po9t$ at ! summit1 r\nd$ & subplicat$ po/]iorly2 inf]ior valve )\t heel2 h+e cephalic1 longitud9al1 provid$ ^u ea* valve ) two /rong tee?1 ent]+ 9 correspond+ cavities2 ligam5t altoge!r int]nal & ins]t$ 9 a m$ian cavity4 ,inhabits ! ,am]ican seas4 ,five species4 ,plicatula ramosa4 ,p4 depressa4 ,p4 cri/ata4 ,p4 ,au/ralis4 ,p4 r5i=mis4 #f4 ,g5us ,spondylus4 ,pl4 ,,ix4 ,animal4 ,body mod]ately compress$1 provid$ inf]iorly ) a rudim5t ( a foot1 )\t byssus2 mantle op5 9 all its inf]ior & sup]ior portion2 m\? surr\nd$ ) v ?ick & fr+$ lips4 ,%ell4 ,solid1 adh]+1 subregul>1 m or less sp9$1 subauriculat$1 inequivalve2 ! "r or inf]ior valve fix$1 mu* m excavat$ ?an ! o!r1 & hav+ po/]iorly at ! summit a triangul> face enl>g+1 & elongat+ ) age2 h+e longitud9al1 provid$ 9 ea* valve ) two /rong tee? ent]+ correspond+ cavities2 ligam5t %ort1 ne>ly m$ian1 p>tly ext]ior2 muscul> impression s+le & subdorsal4 ,f\nd 9 all ! seas ( hot climates1 & ev5 9 ! ,m$it]ranean4 ,f\r or five fossils are f\nd 9 ,france1 "o 9 ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,tw5ty-"o species4 ,spondylus c&idus4 ,s4 cocc9eus4 ,s4 spa?ulif]us4 ,s4 gd>opus4 ,s4 ara*noides4 ,s4 multilamellatus4 ,s4 longitud9alis4 ,s4 co/atus4 ,s4 longisp9\s4 ,s4 regius4 ,s4 v>iegatus4 ,s4 avicul>is4 ,s4 zonalis4 ,s4 crassisquama4 ,s4 ducalis4 ,s4 violasc5s4 ,s4 microlepos4 ,s4 croc5s4 ,s4 radians4 ,s4 aurantius4 ,s4 ,am]icanus499 #g4 ,g5us ,podopsis4 ,pl4 ,,ix4 ,animal4 ,unkn[n4 ,%ell4 ,subregul>1 some:at ?ick1 equilat]al1 symmetrical1 inequivalve1 adh]+ by ! extremity ( ! %ort] valve2 ! o!r t]m9at+ 9 a po9t$1 reflex$1 & m$ian summit4 ,two fossil species4 ,,family ,,xix4 ,,o/racea4 ,six g5]a4 #a4 ,g5us ,o/rea4 ,pl4 ,,ix4 ,animal4 ,body compress$1 m or less orbicul>2 edges ( ! mantle ?ick1 n adh]+ or retractile1 & provid$ ) a d\ble r[ ( %ort & num]\s t5tacul> filam5ts2 two pairs ( elongat$ & triangul> labial app5dages2 a subc5tral bip>tite muscle4 ,%ell4 ,irregul>1 inequivalve1 inequilat]al1 r\ghly foliace\s1 ! left or inf]ior valve adh]+1 l>g] & deep] ?an ! o!r1 its summit prolong$ ) age into a sort ( heel2 ! "r or sup]ior valve m or less op]culi=m2 h+e oral1 too?less2 ligam5t sub9t]ior1 %ort1 ins]t$ 9 an oblong c>d9al cavity increas+ ) ! summit2 muscul> impression s+le & subc5tral4 ,f\nd 9 all seas ne> ! m\?s ( riv]s4 ,defrance enum]ates "o hundr$ & tw5ty species4 ,lam>ck ?irty-?ree fossil1 =ty-n9e liv+4 ,o/rea edulis4 ,o4 ruscuriana4 ,o4 borealis4 ,o4 co*le>4 ,o4 gall9a4 ,o4 l+ua4 ,o4 ,braziliana4 ,o4 ro/ralis4 ,o4 d5ticulata4 ,o4 cornucopi4 ,o4 doridella4 ,o4 ,limacella4 ,o4 hippopus4 ,o4 ,adriatica4 ,o4 cri/ata4 ,o4 numisma4 ,o4 tulipa4 ,o4 scabra4 ,o4 p>asitica4 ,o4 spa?ulata4 ,o4 cucullata4 ,o4 rubella4 ,o4 erucella4 ,o4 labrella4 ,o4 radiata4 ,o4 ,canad5sis4 ,o4 mytiloides4 ,o4 trapez9a4 ,o4 rufa4 ,o4 gibbosa4 ,o4 eliptica4 ,o4 de=mis4 ,o4 plicatula4 ,o4 fusca4 ,o4 cri/agalli4 ,o4 virg9ica4 ,o4 excavata4 ,o4 simuata4 ,o4 tub]culata4 ,o4 ,mag>itacea4 ,o4 ,au/ralis4 ,o4 haliotida4 ,o4 fucorum4 ,o4 glauc9a4 ,o4 turb9ata4 ,o4 folia4 ,o4 hyotis4 ,o4 imbricata4 ,o4 semicyl9drica499 #b4 ,g5us ,grypha4 ,pl4 ,,ix4 ,animal4 ,unkn[n4 ,%ell4 ,m f9ely lamellat$ ?an 9 ! ,o/rea1 free1 or slightly adh]+1 subequilat]al1 v inequivalve2 ! inf]ior valve v concave1 ) a summit m or less recurv$ 9 a hook2 ! sup]ior opiculi=m & mu* small]2 h+e too?less2 ligam5t ins]t$ 9 an elongat$ & arcuat$ cavity2 a s+le muscul> impression4 ,habitation unkn[n4 ,"o species4 ,grypha augulata4 #c4 ,g5us ,vulsella4 ,pl4 ,,ix4 ,animal4 ,body elongat$ & compress$2 mantle mu* prolong$ po/]iorly1 & edg$ ) two r[s ( v close tub]cul> papill2 a mod]ately l>ge abdom9al foot1 proboscidi=m1 canaliculat$1 )\t byssus2 a v l>ge transv]sal m\? ) well-develop$ triangul> labial app5dages2 bran*i n>r[1 v long1 & unit$ 9 ne>ly all _! ext5t4 ,%ell4 ,subnacr$1 irregul>1 flat1 elongat$1 subequivalve1 inequilat]al1 ) summits ant]ior1 di/ant & flex$ inf]iorly2 h+e oral & too?less2 ligam5t undivid$1 ?ick1 ins]t$ 9 a r\nd pit excavat$ 9 a project+ apophysis ^u ea* valve2 a mod]ately l>ge subc5tral muscul> impression1 & two v small ones altoge!r ant]ior4 ,inhabits ! ,indian & ,au/ralasian seas4 ,six liv+ species4 ,"o fossil4 ,vulsella hians4 ,v4 rugosa4 ,v4 spongi>um4 ,v4 l+ulata4 ,v4 mytil9a4 ,v4 vata4 #d4 ,g5us ,placuna4 ,pl4 ,,ix4 ,animal4 ,entirely unkn[n4 ,%ell4 ,free1 subirregul>1 v f9e1 almo/ entirely translucid1 flat1 subequivalve1 subequilat]al1 slightly auriculat$2 h+e altoge!r int]nal1 =m$ ^u ! sup]ior valve1 :i* is ! small]1 by two elongat$1 unequal1 oblique1 cre/s2 conv]g+ to ! summit1 at ! int]nal side ( :i* a ligam5t is atta*$ 9 ! =m ( a ,v1 a s+le1 small1 subc5tral muscul> impression4 ,inhabits ! ,indian seas4 ,two fossils 9 ,france4 ,?ree liv+ species4 ,placuna sella4 ,p4 papyracea4 ,p4 plac5ta4 #e4 ,g5us ,anomia4 ,pl4 ,,ix4 ,animal4 ,mu* compress$2 edges ( ! mantle v f9e2 n adh]+1 & furni%$ ext]iorly ) a r[ ( t5tacul> filam5ts2 contractile muscle ?ick1 divid$ into ?ree p>ts1 ! l>ge/ ( :i* passes p>tially across a slope ( ! inf]ior valve1 & (t5 conta9s a calc>e\s sub/ance or small bone1 adh]+ to m>9e bodies4 ,%ell4 ,adh]+1 irregul>1 inequivalve1 inequilat]al1 o/race\s2 inf]ior valve a little flatt] ?an ! sup]ior1 divid$ at ! summit into two slop+ bran*es1 ^: approximation =ms a l>ge oval hole2 ! sup]ior valve1 :i* is ! l>g]1 has an oval excavation "u ! summit2 a subc5tral muscul> impression1 divid$ into ?ree p>ts4 ,inhabits ! ,briti% coa/s4 ,two beautiful species are f\nd on ! %ores ( ,rhode ,isl& & ,new ,j]sey4 ,n9e species4 ,anomia patell>is4 ,a4 pyri=mis4 ,a4 l5s4 ,a4 cepa4 ,a4 electrica4 ,a4 membranacea4 ,a4 squamula4 ,a4 ephippium499 ,a4 =nicata499 #f4 ,g5us ,crania4 ,pl4 ,,ix4 ,animal4 ,see ,anomia4 ,%ell4 ,orbicul>1 ! upp] valve gibb\s & conical2 l[] valve1 flat1 ) ?ree p]=ations4 ,inhabits ! ,indian ,ocean4 ,"o species4 ,crania orbicula4 ,,family ,,xx4 ,,bra*iopoda4 ,?ree g5]a4 #a4 ,g5us ,orbicula4 ,pl4 ,,ix4 ,animal4 ,body mu* compress$ & r\nd$2 mantle op5 ?r\gh\t its :ole circumf]5ce2 two ciliat$ t5tacul> app5dages4 ,%ell4 ,orbicul>1 mu* compress$1 inequilat]al1 v inequivalve2 inf]ior valve v ?91 adh]+1 imp]=at$1 ! sup]ior patelloid1 ) ! summit m or less incl9$ t[>ds ! po/]ior side4 ,inhabits ! ,norwegian seas4 ,"o liv+ species4 ,two fossil4 ,orbicula ,norwegica4 #b4 ,g5us ,t]ebratula4 ,pl4 ,,ix4 ,animal4 ,depress$1 circul> or oval1 m or less elongat$1 ) two1 long1 pect9at$1 labial t5tacula4 ,%ell4 ,?91 inequivalve1 regul>1 subtrigonal2 "o ( ! valves l>g] & m dilat$ ?an ! o!r1 :i* is sometimes op]culi=m2 h+e condyloid1 9 a /raight l9e1 & =m$ by two oblique articul> surfaces 9 "o valve plac$ betwe5 correspond+ projections 9 ! o!r4 ,inhabits ! sea at ! ,zetl& ,isl&s4 ,two species are f\nd 9 ,am]ica4 ,?irte5 liv+ species4 ,?irty-eight fossil4 ,t]ebratula dilatata4 ,t4 flavesc5s4 ,t4 dorsata4 ,t4 ,vitrea4 ,t4 d5tata4 ,t4 globosa4 ,t4 caput-s]p5tis4 ,t4 psittacea4 ,t4 rotunda4 ,t4 pisa4 ,t4 sangu9ea4 ,t4 sept5trionalis499 ,t4 truncata499 #c4 ,g5us ,l+ula4 ,pl4 ,,ix4 ,animal4 ,depress$1 oval1 some:at elongat$1 inclos$ betwe5 two lobes ( a mantle1 slit ?r\gh\t its ant]ior half1 & hav+ pect9at$ bran*i adh]+ to ! int]nal surface2 m\? simple1 hav+ on ea* side a long t5tacul> app5dage ciliat$ 9 all its ext]nal edge1 & roll+ itself up spirally 9 ! %ell4 ,%ell4 ,) an epid]mis1 subequivalve1 equilat]al1 depress$1 elongat$1 truncat$ ant]iorly2 ! summit m$ian & po/]ior2 no trace ( ligam5t2 a long fibro-gelat9\s p$uncle fix+ ! %ell v]tically to subm>9e bodies2 muscul> impression multiple4 ,inhabits ! ,indian ,ocean4 ,"o species4 ,l+ula anat9a4 ,,class ,,iv4 ,,mollusca4 ,animals s(t1 in>ticulat$1 furni%$ ) an ant]ior head1 project+ or sali5t2 mo/ frequ5tly ) eyes & t5tacul1 or possess+1 at _! summit1 arms dispos$ 9 ! =m ( a coronet3 _! m\? ei!r %ort1 elongat$1 or tubul>1 exs]tile1 & g5]ally arm$ ) h>d p>ts4 ,mantle div]sifi$1 hav+ its edges free on ! sides ( ! body1 or ! lobes unit$1 =m+ a sack1 :i* 9 "p envelopes ! animal2 gills or respiratory organs v>i\s1 circulation d\ble1 "o p>ticul>1 ! o!r g5]al2 he>t unilocul>1 sometimes ) ! auricles divid$1 & v di/ant2 no m$ull>y cord along ! body1 b scatt]$ n]ves & ganglions4 ,tw5ty-two families4 ,,family ,i4 ,,pt]opoda4 ,six g5]a4 ,"s g5]a ( ?is family are )\t a te/ace\s cov]+1 m5tion$ only to pres]ve ! family entire4 #a4 ,g5us ,hyala4 ,pl4 ,,ix4 ,animal4 ,body enclos$ 9 a %ell1 w+$ be=e1 two opposite w+s1 some:at retractile1 ins]t$ at ! sides ( ! m\?1 head di/9ct1 m\? t]m9al1 plac$ at ! junction ( ! f9s2 )\t eyes4 ,%ell4 ,symmetrical1 v ?9 & transp>5t1 valves unequal1 flat above1 convex bel[1 op5 l a cleft ant]iorly1 summit truncat$ & trid5tat$ po/]iorly4 ,inhabits ! ,m$it]ranean4 ,two species4 ,hyala trid5tata4 ,h4 cuspidata4 #b4 ,g5us ,clio4 ,pl4 ,,ix4 ,animal4 ,body free1 nak$1 m or less elongat$1 tap]+ to ! re>1 head v di/9ct2 provid$ ) six1 long1 conical1 retractile t5tacul1 sep>at$ into two gr\ps ( ?ree ea*2 m\? altoge!r t]m9al & v]tical1 eyes sessile1 rudim5t ( a foot "u ! neck4 ,?is is a mollusc\s animal )\t any te/ace\s cov]+1 b is "h plac$ z lead+ to o!r g5]a :i* h %ells4 ,inhabits ! ,indian seas4 ,two species4 ,clio borealis4 ,c4 ,au/ralis4 #c4 ,g5us ,cleodora4 ,pl4 ,,ix4 ,animal4 ,body oblong1 gelat9\s1 contractile2 a head 9 front ) two w+s1 & ! po/]ior "p envelop$ 9 a %ell1 head di/9ct1 project+ & r\nd2 two eyes2 m\? 9 ! =m ( a small beak2 de/itute ( t5tacul2 two1 opposite1 membranace\s1 pellucid1 & cordat$ w+s1 plac$ at ! base ( ! neck4 ,%ell4 ,pyramidal1 triangul>1 ( a gelat9\s or c>tilag9\s sub/ance1 v ?9 & transp>5t2 ap]ture obliquely truncat$4 ,inhabits ! ,s\? ,am]ican seas4 ,two species4 ,cleodora pyramidata4 ,c4 caudata4 #d4 ,g5us ,limac9a4 ,pl4 ,,ix4 ,animal4 ,body s(t1 oblong1 two bran*ial f9s situat$ at ! base ( ! neck2 po/]ior "p ( ! body spiral1 & envelop$ 9 a %ell4 ,%ell4 ,?91 fragile1 papyrace\s1 spiral1 ! :orls reunit$ 9 a planorbis =m1 & deeply & l>gely umbilicat$ on "o side2 ap]ture l>ge & entire4 ,inhabits ! ,nor? seas4 ,"o species4 ,limac9a helicialis4 #e4 ,g5us ,cymbulia4 ,pl4 ,,ix4 ,animal4 ,body oblong1 gelat9\s1 pellucid1 enclos+ a %ell2 head sessile2 two eyes1 & two retractile t5tacula2 m\? ) a retractile proboscis2 two1 opposite1 oblong1 ovate1 bran*$ w+s1 connate at _! po/]ior base4 ,%ell4 ,gelat9\s1 c>tilag9\s1 v transp>5t1 cry/all9e1 oblong1 9 %ape ( a %oe1 f :i* x has d]iv$ ! "n ( ! slipp]1 truncat$ at ! summit2 ap]ture lat]al & ant]ior4 ,inhabits ! ,m$it]ranean4 ,"o species4 ,cymbulia ,p]onii4 #f4 ,g5us ,pneumod]mon4 ,pl4 ,,ix4 ,a mollusc\s animal1 )\t any te/ace\s cov]+1 & mu* resembl+ ! g5us ,clio4 ,inhabits ! ,indian seas4 ,"o species4 ,pneumod]mon ,p]onii4 ,,family ,,ii4 ,,phyllidiacea4 ,six g5]a4 #a4 ,g5us ,phyllidia4 ,pl4 ,,ix4 ,a mollusca simil> to ! prec$+ g5us1 )\t a %ell1 b its back cov]$ ) a r\gh or coriace\s sk94 ,inhabits ! ,m$it]ranean4 ,?ree species4 ,phyllidia v>icosa4 ,p4 pu/ulosa4 ,p4 ocellata4 #b4 ,g5us ,*itonellus4 ,pl4 ,,ix4 ,animal4 ,body creep+1 elongat$2 middle ( ! back provid$ its entire l5g? ) a deta*$1 multivalve %ell2 ! alt]nate pieces = ! mo/ "p longitud9al2 sides nak$2 bran*i dispos$ ar\nd ! body2 foot cleft longitud9ally by a deep furr[4 ,%ell4 ,ea* valve ) /ri radiat+ f its apex2 ! m>g9s s]rat$2 ! base ( ! la/ valve obtuse4 ,! te/ace\s plates ( ?is g5us are nev] jo9$ l ^? ( ! ,*iton1 s t ! animal c move 9 e direction4 ,^u ! contraction ( ! animal aft] dea?1 h[ev]1 ^! valves become ne>ly unit$4 ,inhabits ! seas ( ,new ,holl&4 ,two species4 ,*itonellus /riatus4 ,c4 l>v=mis4 #c4 ,g5us ,*iton4 ,pl4 ,,ix4 ,animal4 ,body creep+1 ovate oblong1 convex1 r\nd at bo? extremities2 m>g9at$ ) a coriace\s sk93 ! back cov]$ by a longitud9al s]ies ( te/ace\s1 transv]se1 imbricat$1 & moveable plates2 head be=e1 sessile1 ) ! m\? plac$ bel[1 de/itute ( t5tacula or eyes2 bran*i plac$ r\nd ! body1 "u ! m>g9 ( ! sk92 & orifice at ! po/]ior extremity4 ,%ell4 ,eight imbricat$ valves1 ne>ly smoo?1 slightly c>9at$1 & r\nd$ at ! m>g9s3 summit m or less m>k$ & curv$ by longitud9al elongations4 ,inhabits ! ,briti% & ,am]ican coa/s4 ,sixty-?ree species4 ,*iton fulvus4 ,c4 pisceus4 ,c4 rub]4 ,c4 lvis4 ,c4 sp9osus4 ,c4 fascicul>is4 ,c4 m>g9atus4 ,c4 cr9itus4 ,c4 siculus4 ,c4 nig]4 ,c4 sp9if]\s4 ,c4 coquimb5sis4 ,c4 lum+ii4 ,c4 granosus4 ,c4 glauco-s9ctus4 ,c4 disjunctus4 ,c4 elegans4 ,c4 l9eatus4 ,c4 sulcatus4 ,c4 bicolor4 ,c4 c]asimus4 ,c4 ,magellanicus4 ,c4 m>moratus4 ,c4 nebulosus4 ,c4 olivace\s4 ,c4 latus4 ,c4 punctatus4 ,c4 viridus4 ,c4 c9]us4 ,c4 tunicatus4 ,c4 gigas4 ,c4 squamosus4 ,c4 ,p]uvianus4 ,c4 tesselatus4 ,c4 cap5sis4 ,c4 ,c>mi*aelis4 ,c4 e*9atus4 ,c4 /riatus4 ,c4 l9eolatus4 ,c4 *il5sis4 ,c4 tub]culatus4 ,c4 hispidus4 ,c4 ?alassimus4 ,c4 porosus4 ,c4 l>va=mis4 ,c4 undulatus4 ,c4 luteolus4 ,c4 fuscus4 ,c4 m9imus4 ,c4 cimex4 ,c4 ascellus4 ,c4 ,icel&icus4 ,c4 fasciatus4 ,c4 setosus4 ,c4 v>iegatus4 ,c4 asselloides4 ,c4 indus4 ,c4 albas4 ,c4 ca/aneus4 ,c4 ,em]sonii499 ,c4 fulm9atus499 ,c4 amna499 ,c4 alt]nata499 ,c4 sagr9atus499 #d4 ,g5us ,patella4 ,pl4 ,,ix4 ,animal4 ,body completely cov]$ by ! %ell2 head ) two acute t5tacul1 & ! eyes situat$ at _! ext]ior base2 bran*i plac$ "u ! mantle & ar\nd ! body4 ,%ell4 ,?is num]\s & beautiful g5us ( ,l9nu has be5 subdivid$ into ! sev]al di/9ct g5]a ( ,fissurella1 ,em>g9ula1 ,navicella1 ,umbrella1 ,pileopsis1 ,calyptrea1 ,crepidula1 ,p>mophora1 & ,ancylus2 ea* ( :i* possesses suffici5tly well-def9$ *>act]s to au?orize a sep>ation1 by :i* !y may be m easily di/+ui%$ f ! /ill widely ext5d$ family ( ,patella4 ,oval1 conic1 or a little depress$1 outside gre5 or br[n1 sometimes radiat$ ) v>i\s col\rs2 hav+ div]g5t /ri & conc5tric wr9kles1 inside glossy1 iridesc5t1 ) yell[ or fawn-col\r$1 purple1 blue1 or br[n radiations4 ,inhabits almo/ e coa/4 ,=ty-n9e species4 ,patella safiana4 ,p4 te/itud9>ia4 ,p4 co*le>4 ,p4 compressa4 ,p4 granul>is4 ,p4 decaurata4 ,p4 ,magellanica4 ,p4 /ellif]a4 ,p4 vulgata4 ,p4 mammill>is4 ,p4 l9eata4 ,p4 leucopleura4 ,p4 notata4 ,p4 ,t>5t9a4 ,p4 punctata4 ,p4 puncturata4 ,p4 ,javanica4 ,p4 tub]culif]a4 ,p4 m9iata4 ,p4 pellucida4 ,p4 trico/ata4 ,p4 ,au/ralis4 ,p4 apic9a4 ,p4 granat9a4 ,p4 oculus4 ,p4 ,gala?ia4 ,p4 pect9ata4 ,p4 viridula4 ,p4 scutell>4 ,p4 radians4 ,p4 crulea4 ,p4 plumbia4 ,p4 umbrella4 ,p4 pyramidata4 ,p4 luteola4 ,p4 asp]a4 ,p4 sp9if]a4 ,p4 longico/a4 ,p4 b>bata4 ,p4 angulosa4 ,p4 sac*>9a4 ,p4 lac9iosa4 ,p4 plicata4 ,p4 amna499 ,p4 alt]nata499 ,p4 alveus499 ,p4 c&ida499 #e4 ,g5us ,umbrella4 ,pl4 ,,ix4 ,animal4 ,body v ?ick & oval1 provid$ ) a dorsal %ell2 foot l>ge1 smoo?1 & flat1 surr\nd$ by a bord]1 ant]iorly not*$1 att5uat$ beh9d2 head indi/9ct2 f\r t5tacula1 ! two upp] ones ?ick1 %ort1 & truncat$1 ! o!r two ?91 & %ap$ l p$unculat$ cre/s2 hav+ foliace\s bran*i4 ,%ell4 ,ext]nal1 orbicul>1 subirregul>1 ne>ly flat1 slightly convex above1 :ite1 ) apex ne> ! middle2 m>g9 acute1 int]nal surface r concave2 hav+ a call\s disk1 col\r$1 depress$ 9 ! c5tre1 surr\nd$ by a smoo? bord]4 ,inhabits ! ,indian ,ocean4 ,two species4 ,umbrella ,indica4 ,u4 ,m$it]ranea4 #f4 ,g5us ,pleurobran*us4 ,pl4 ,,ix4 ,animal4 ,body creep+1 fle%y2 mantle & foot exp&$2 bran*i plac$ on ! "r side2 cloak envelop+ ! %ell2 neck %ort1 contract$ 9 "s species1 ) an em>g9ate front1 exhibit+ ! comm5cem5t ( ! inf]ior t5tacula1 ! upp] ones tubul> & clov52 gills at ! edge ( ! dorsal plait1 m\? provid$ ) a %ort1 retractile proboscis4 ,%ell4 ,depress$1 oval1 oblong1 conc5trically wr9kl$1 almo/ entirely op51 r\nd$ & convolut$2 ! v]tex ) a s+le turn4 ,inhabits ! coa/ ( ,devon%ire 9 ,engl&4 ,two species4 ,pleurobran*us ,p]onii4 ,p4 ,laque>e4 ,,family ,,iii4 ,,calyptracea4 ,sev5 g5]a4 #a4 ,g5us ,p>mophorus4 ,pl4 ,,ix4 ,animal4 ,body creep+1 ?ick1 oblong-ovate1 broad beh9d1 obtuse at ! extremities2 bord] ( ! mantle cleft be=e1 & susp5d$ v]tically ar\nd2 head di/9ct1 & slit bel[2 two conical contract$ t5tacula1 at ! base ( :i* are plac$ ! eyes1 :i* are some:at p$unculat$2 m\? bel[1 funnel-%ap$1 oblique1 truncat$1 & conceal$2 bran*ial cavity op5+ ant]iorly beh9d ! head by a transv]se fissure4 ,%ell4 ,oblong1 v depress$1 slightly convex above1 obtuse at extremities1 ant]iorly *annel$ by a slight s9us1 & hav+ t[>ds ! po/]ior "p a small po9t$ apex1 incl9$ backw>ds2 ! l[] surface slightly concave4 ,inhabits ! ,au/ralian seas4 ,f\r species4 ,"o fossil4 ,p>mophorus ,au/ralis4 ,p4 brevicula4 ,p4 granulata4 ,p4 ambigua4 #b4 ,g5us ,em>g9ula4 ,pl4 ,,ix4 ,animal4 ,body creep+1 ) two1 conical1 t5tacul> eyes at ! ext]nal base2 mantle l>ge1 p>tly cov]+ ! m>g9 ( ! %ell2 foot v l>ge & ?ick4 ,%ell4 ,%ield-l1 conical2 summit incl9$2 ! cavity simple1 hav+ a not* or holl[ cut on its po/]ior m>g92 %ells ( ?is g5us are g5]ally v small4 ,inhabits ! ,briti% seas4 ,five species4 ,em>g9ula ,bla9villii4 ,e4 ,cuvi]ii4 ,e4 fissura4 ,e4 rubra4 ,e4 m>g9ata4 #c4 ,g5us ,fissurella4 ,pl4 ,,ix4 ,animal4 ,) ! head truncat$ 9 front2 two conical t5tacula1 ) eyes at _! ext]ior base2 m\? simple1 t]m9al1 & de/itute ( jaws2 two pect9at$ bran*i project+ f ! cavity2 mantle l>ge1 protrud+ beyond ! %ell4 ,%ell4 ,%ield-%ap$1 conical recurv$1 summit entire1 depress$1 concave bel[1 p]=at$ at ! summit 9 ! =m ( a key hole1 )\t a spire2 ! ext]ior surface ribb$ longitud9ally4 ,inhabits ! ,european & ,am]ican seas4 ,tw5ty-two species4 ,fissurella ,cay5n5sis4 ,f4 lilac9a4 ,f4 ,javanic5sis4 ,f4 fascicul>is4 ,f4 rosea4 ,f4 ,b>bad5sis4 ,f4 radiata4 ,f4 nodosa4 ,f4 nimbosa4 ,f4 crassa4 ,f4 ,grca4 ,f4 picta4 ,f4 pu/ula4 ,f4 hiantula4 ,f4 viridula4 ,f4 depressa4 ,f4 ,p]uviana4 ,f4 gibb]ula4 ,f4 m9uta4 ,f4 plicata4 ,f4 alt]nata499 ,f4 r$imicula499 #d4 ,g5us ,pileopsis4 ,pl4 ,x4 ,animal4 ,) two conical t5tacula1 & ! eyes at _! base2 bran*i =m$ 9 a r[ "u ! ant]ior m>g9 ( ! cavity1 ne> ! neck4 ,%ell4 ,obliquely conical1 ant]iorly recurv$1 apex b5t1 almo/ spiral2 ap]ture r\nd$1 elliptical1 ! ant]ior m>g9 %orte/1 acute1 slightly s9uat$2 ! po/]ior l>ge/ & r\nd$4 ,"o elongat$ & ar*$ muscul> impression1 situat$ "u ! po/]ior m>g94 ,inhabits ! seas ( ,europe4 ,n9e species4 ,pileopsis intorta4 ,p4 subrufa4 ,p4 spiriro/ris4 ,p4 retortella4 ,p4 ung>ica4 ,p4 mitula4 ,p4 p5nata4 ,p4 squam=mis4 ,p4 depressa4 #e4 ,g5us ,calyptrea4 ,pl4 ,x4 ,animal4 ,! same z prec$+ g5us4 ,%ell4 ,?is g5us d]ives its common "n1 8! ,cup-&-,sauc] ,limpit10 by hav+ 9 ! int]ior cavity a cup-%ap$ app5dage1 :i* is sometimes v]tical1 & sometimes l a horse-%oe1 ) a muscul> impression ( v>iable =m1 v]tex end+ 9 a small volution2 smoo?1 m>g9 entire1 v glossy )91 & provid$ ) a lam9> plate4 ,inhabits ! ,*9ese & ,s4 ,am]ican seas4 ,n9e species4 ,calyptrea porcellana4 ,c4 eque/ris4 ,c4 =nicata4 ,c4 peziza4 ,c4 angulata4 ,c4 tecum-s95se4 ,c4 scutellata4 ,c4 poculum4 ,c4 /riata499 #f4 ,g5us ,crepidula4 ,pl4 ,x4 ,animal4 ,head ant]iorly =k$1 hav+ two conical t5tacula1 ) ! eyes plac$ at _! ext]ior base2 m\? simple1 de/itute ( jaws1 & situat$ 9 ! bifurcation ( ! head2 bran*i ) tufts & project+ f ! bran*ial cavity2 ! mantle nev] bord]+ ! %ell2 foot m9ute1 orifice lat]al4 ,%ell4 ,ovate1 or oblong2 ! back almo/ always convex1 concave b5ea?2 ! spire v mu* incl9$ t[>ds ! m>g92 ! ap]ture p>tly clos$ by a horizontal lam9a4 ,inhabits ! ,am]ican seas4 ,?irte5 species4 ,crepidula ext9ctorum4 ,c4 aculeata4 ,c4 lvigata4 ,c4 ugui=mis4 ,c4 dilata4 ,c4 ,p]uviana4 ,c4 gigas4 ,c4 =nicata499 ,c4 depressa499 ,c4 glauca499 ,c4 plana499 ,c4 intorta499 ,c4 convexa499 #g4 ,g5us ,ancylus4 ,pl4 ,x4 ,animal4 ,body creep+1 envelop$ 9 ! %ell2 two compress$ subtruncat$ t5tacul>1 ) eyes situat$ at _! int]nal base2 foot %ort1 elliptical2 some:at n>r[] ?an ! body4 ,%ell4 ,?91 obliquely conical2 ap]ture oval1 ) a po9t$ apex1 :i* v mu* incl9es backw>ds2 m>g9s simple4 ,?is is a fre% wat] %ell1 f\nd 9 ! lakes ( ,europe & riv]s ( ,am]ica4 ,five species4 ,ancylus lacu/ris4 ,a4 fluviatilis4 ,a4 sp9>os4 ,a4 rivul>is4 ,a4 filosus4 ,,family ,,iv4 ,,bullacea4 ,?ree g5]a4 #a4 ,g5us ,ac]a4 ,animal4 ,body ovate1 convex1 transv]sely divid$ above into two p>ts2 ! foot ) dilations 9 ! =m ( w+s bel[2 head indi/9ct2 bran*i situat$ on ! back1 greatly beh9d1 & cov]$ by a mantle de/itute ( a %ell4 ,inhabits ! ,m$it]ranean4 ,"o species4 ,ac]a c>nosa4 #b4 ,g5us ,bulla4 ,pl4 ,x4 ,animal4 ,body ovate1 some:at convex above1 & divid$ into two p>ts transv]sely2 lat]al lobes ( ! foot v ?ick2 head indi/9ct1 & )\t t5tacula2 bran*i plac$ on ! back4 ,%ell4 ,conceal$ 9 ! mantle1 v ?91 roll$ & spiral on "o side2 )\t a columella & spire2 ap]ture v l>ge & wide1 dilat$ at ! upp] "p4 ,inhabits ! ,briti% seas4 ,two species4 ,bulla ap]ta4 ,b4 /riata4 #c4 ,g5us ,bulla4 ,pl4 ,x4 ,animal4 ,body oblong-ovate1 slight convexity2 divid$ into two portions transv]se above1 mantle slightly fold$ po/]iorly2 visible t5tacula2 bran*i dorsal & cov]$1 op5+ only on ! "r side4 ,%ell4 ,univalve1 ovate globul>1 convolute1 no columella1 spire n project+ b visible1 ap]ture ! :ole l5g? ( ! %ell1 ext]nal m>g9 %>p & smoo?4 ,inhabits ! ,briti% & ,am]ican seas4 ,n9ete5 species4 ,bulla physis4 ,b4 naucum4 ,b4 hydatis4 ,b4 rugosa4 ,b4 fragilis4 ,b4 aplu/re4 ,b4 ampulla4 ,b4 lign>ia4 ,b4 fasciata4 ,b4 /riata4 ,b4 ,wyatii4 ,b4 solida4 ,b4 cornea4 ,b4 lactea4 ,b4 solit>ia499 ,b4 triticea499 ,b4 hiemalis499 ,b4 ,g\ldii499 ,b4 l9eolata499 ,,family ,v4 ,,aplysiacea4 ,two g5]a4 #a4 ,g5us ,dolabella4 ,pl4 ,x4 ,animal4 ,body creep+1 oblong1 n>r[$ 9 front2 & po/]iorly wid5$2 area r\nd1 slop+1 & truncat$ obliquely2 m>g9s fold$ ov] ! back2 f\r tubul> t5tacula1 dispos$ 9 pairs2 bron*ial op]culum inclos+ a %ell2 orifice dorsal1 ne> ! bran*i4 ,%ell4 ,oblong1 slightly arcuat$1 ?ick1 call\s1 & some:at spiral on bo? sides1 s+ul> 9 =mation1 & its *>act]i/ic unlike mo/ o!r %ells4 ,inhabits ! ,isle ( ,france4 ,two species4 ,dolabella ,rumphii4 ,d4 fragilis4 #b4 ,g5us ,aplysia4 ,pl4 ,x4 ,animal4 ,body creep+1 oblong1 convex above2 bord]$ on ea* side by a broad mantle1 :i* cov]s ! back :5 ! animal is 9 repose2 head & neck elevat$1 ) f\r t5tacula1 ! two upp] ones e>-%ap$1 eyes situat$ ne> ! m\?2 dorsal %ield semicircul>1 subc>tilag9\s1 adh]+ on "o side1 & cov]+ ! bran*ial cavity4 ,%ell4 ,ne>ly r\nd1 left m>g9 some:at reflect$2 out] lip acute2 yell[i% horn color$1 ) br[n radiations1 & two conc5tric b&s4 ,inhabits ! ,indian seas4 ,?irty-sev5 species4 ,aplysia depilans4 ,a4 t]emida4 ,a4 gigas4 ,a4 hassetlii4 ,a4 punctata4 ,a4 m>morata4 ,a4 dolabrif]a4 ,a4 ascif]a4 ,a4 petalif]a4 ,a4 unguif]a4 ,a4 ,limac9a4 ,a4 ,jea*ii4 ,a4 saviguana4 ,a4 fasciata4 ,a4 bresili4 ,a4 dactycomela4 ,a4 protea4 ,a4 sorex4 ,a4 tigr9a4 ,a4 maculauta4 ,a4 longicauda4 ,a4 ,k]&r5ii4 ,a4 lessonii4 ,a4 camelus4 ,a4 alba4 ,a4 ,napolitana4 ,a4 viridis4 ,a4 longicornis4 ,a4 ecaudata4 ,a4 viresc5s4 ,a4 poliana4 ,a4 fusca4 ,a4 pleii4 ,a4 citr9i4 ,a4 undata4 ,a4 rosea4 ,a4 ,f]rusacii4 ,,family ,,vi4 ,,limac9a4 ,five g5]a4 #a4 ,g5us ,limax4 ,pl4 ,x4 ,animal4 ,cuvi] m]ely m5tions t ! animal is 8furni%$ ) a coriace\s1 subrogose %ield1 ) a flat1 longitud9al disk b5ea?2 f\r t5tacula retractile1 eyes at ! tips2 orifice = respiration on ! "r side40 ,%ell4 ,ovate oblong1 bo? m>g9s reflect$2 v ?91 diaphan\s1 slightly wr9kl$1 ( a pale yell[ col\r4 ,inhabits ! g>d5s 9 ,brita9 & ,france4 ,five species4 ,limax rufus4 ,l4 c9]us4 ,l4 albus4 ,l4 agre/is4 ,l4 punctata4 #b4 ,g5us ,vitr9a4 ,pl4 ,x4 ,animal4 ,body creep+1 elongat$1 snail %ap$1 ne>ly /raight2 po/]iorly sep>at$ f ! foot1 & spirally w\nd into a %ell4 ,%ell4 ,small1 v ?91 depress$1 t]m9at$ above by a v %ort spire1 ! la/ :orl v l>ge2 ap]ture l>ge1 r\nd$ oval2 ! left m>g9 ar*$1 slightly involute4 ,inhabits dry places ( ,europe4 ,?ree species4 ,vitr9a p>ilis4 ,v4 d5tilis4 ,v4 pellucida4 #c4 ,g5us ,te/acella4 ,pl4 ,x4 ,animal4 ,body creep+1 elongat$1 snail %ap$1 hav+ a %ell plac$ on ! po/]ior extremity2 f\r t5tacula1 ! two longe/ ) _! eyes at _! tips2 respiratory organs beh9d4 ,%ell4 ,v small1 ext]nal1 e>-%ap$1 apex absolutely spiral1 ap]ture v l>ge & oval1 left edge %>p & roll$ inw>d beh9d4 ,inhabits ! middle prov9ces ( ,france4 ,two species4 ,te/acella ,haliotidea4 ,t4 ,n]itoidea4 #d4 ,g5us ,p>macella4 ,pl4 ,x4 ,animal4 ,body creep+ oblong2 middle ( ! back mod]ately convex1 & %ield-%ap$2 h9d "p 9 =m ( a tail1 lat]ally compress$1 acute above2 %ield ovate1 fle%y1 adh]+ at its po/]ior "p1 free be=e1 envelop+ a %ell1 ) a not* 9 ! c5tre ( its "r m>g92 f\r t5tacula1 two po/]ior l>ge/2 respiratory organs1 "u ! not* ( ! %ield1 plac$ betwe5 ! two t5tacula ( ! "r side4 ,%ell4 ,ovate1 left m>g9 broad & reflect$2 "r m>g9 reflect$ at top & acute b5ea?2 v ?9 & pellucid1 ( a pale yell[i%-br[n4 ,inhabits ! g>d5s ( ,europe4 ,two species4 ,p>macella ,olivi]i4 ,p4 ,cuvi]ii4 #e4 ,g5us ,on*idium4 ,pl4 ,x4 ,animal4 ,body oblong1 creep+1 m>g9at$ on all sides2 head project+1 ! l[] "p ) a prom95t m>g91 two retractile1 cyl9drical t5tacula2 two auri=m app5dages1 ne>ly lat]al2 m\? b5ea?1 de/itute ( maxill>y processes2 respiratory orifices di/9ct1 "u ! extremity ( ! body4 ,de/itute ( a %ell4 ,inhabits ! g>d5s ( ,europe4 ,two species4 ,on*idium ,typh4 ,o4 ,p]onii4 ,,family ,,vii4 ,,colimacea4 ,elev5 g5]a4 #a4 ,g5us ,helix4 ,pl4 ,x4 ,animal4 ,( a slightly v>iable =m1 ! mantle =m+ at its free edge a k9d ( r+ or ?ick coll>1 especially 9 front1 & fa9tly divid$ into two lips2 foot oval1 plane1 smoo? b5ea?1 inflat$ & granul> bel[1 jo9$ to ! visc]al club by a n>r[ p$uncle2 head suffici5tly di/9ct2 ant]ior t5tacula v evid5t & inflat$ at top1 ! po/]ior v long2 ! m\? a v]tical cleft provid$ ) two labial lobes1 a sort ( m>g9al too?1 ) a small1 oval1 l+ual club4 ,%ell4 ,! "n ,helix 0 giv5 to ?is g5us f ! spiral %ape ( ! %ell1 :i* v>ies mu* 9 =m1 b g5]ally globul>1 & v5tricose1 conoid b nev] turriculat$2 summit g5]ally obtuse1 ap]ture v>y+ mu* 9 size1 sometimes v l>ge1 sometimes small1 always regulat$ by ! turn ( ! spire2 oval1 semilun>1 m wide ?an long1 edges disunit$1 ent]+ little into ! int]ior2 "r lip or m>g9 ?ick5$ or reflect$ inw>ds4 ,inhabits ! groves & woods bo? ( ,am]ica & ,europe4 ,two hundr$ & ?ree species4 ,helix vesicalis4 ,h4 gigantea4 ,h4 polyzonalis4 ,h4 monozonalis4 ,h4 pulla4 ,h4 l9eolata4 ,h4 mutata4 ,h4 pomatia4 ,h4 asp]sa4 ,h4 v]miculata4 ,h4 ,alon5sis4 ,h4 vesicolor4 ,h4 naticoides4 ,h4 picta4 ,h4 galactites4 ,h4 cepa4 ,h4 het]oclites4 ,h4 discolor4 ,h4 lactea4 ,h4 zon>ia4 ,h4 guttata4 ,h4 ,madagasc>5sis4 ,h4 ,javanica4 ,h4 ,p]uviana4 ,h4 simplex4 ,h4 cid>is4 ,h4 citr9a4 ,h4 algira4 ,h4 v]ticellus4 ,h4 olivetorum4 ,h4 hma/oma4 ,h4 melanotragus4 ,h4 ext5sa4 ,h4 lucana4 ,h4 globulus4 ,h4 melano/oma4 ,h4 clatura4 ,h4 micro/oma4 ,h4 maculsa4 ,h4 ,ri*>di4 ,h4 ,bonpl&ii4 ,h4 planulata4 ,h4 labrella4 ,h4 ungu9a4 ,h4 pellis-s]p5tis4 ,h4 s5egal5sis4 ,h4 unid5tata4 ,h4 fructicum4 ,h4 neglecta4 ,h4 crespitum4 ,h4 ericetorum4 ,h4 int]secta4 ,h4 ,c>?usianella4 ,h4 diaphana4 ,h4 concolor4 ,h4 velut9a4 ,h4 obvuluta4 ,h4 ,cookiana4 ,h4 pileus4 ,h4 papilla4 ,h4 punctif]a4 ,h4 plicatula4 ,h4 planorbella4 ,h4 scabra4 ,h4 c>iosa4 ,h4 cr5ulata4 ,h4 planorbula4 ,h4 macul>ia4 ,h4 planospira4 ,h4 ,b>bad5sis4 ,h4 s9uata4 ,h4 hippoca/anum4 ,h4 bid5talis4 ,h4 argilacea4 ,h4 vittata4 ,h4 arbu/orum4 ,h4 c&idissima4 ,h4 memoralis4 ,h4 ,hort5sis4 ,h4 sylvatica4 ,h4 pisana4 ,h4 spl5dida4 ,h4 s]p5t9a4 ,h4 nici5sis4 ,h4 v>iabilis4 ,h4 auriculata4 ,h4 turgidula4 ,h4 helicella4 ,h4 zonula4 ,h4 trid5tata4 ,h4 septemvalva4 ,h4 monodan4 ,h4 frat]na4 ,h4 coni=mis4 ,h4 concam]ata4 ,h4 nigresc5s4 ,h4 ,tripolitana4 ,h4 ,sayii4 ,h4 globulosa4 ,h4 ,caffra4 ,h4 con=mis4 ,h4 prunum4 ,h4 ,p\zolzii4 ,h4 contusa4 ,h4 bic>9ata4 ,h4 vitr9oides4 ,h4 m>itima4 ,h4 /rigata4 ,h4 muralis4 ,h4 rugosa4 ,h4 cornea4 ,h4 liquif]a4 ,h4 inc>nata4 ,h4 c9ctella4 ,h4 cell>ia4 ,h4 ,gaym>dii4 ,h4 nitidia4 ,h4 plebuim4 ,h4 p]sonata4 ,h4 hispidia4 ,h4 rotundata4 ,h4 apic9a4 ,h4 /riata4 ,h4 conspurcata4 ,h4 conica4 ,h4 conoidea4 ,h4 pul*ella4 ,h4 =mosa4 ,h4 orbiculata4 ,h4 squamosa4 ,h4 tecti=mis4 ,h4 ,madeir5sis4 ,h4 unbeculata4 ,h4 de=mis4 ,h4 ,nicensis4 ,h4 m]idionalis4 ,h4 melit5sis4 ,h4 circumornata4 ,h4 gronosa4 ,h4 ,lima4 ,h4 d5ti5s4 ,h4 p>ilis4 ,h4 imp]ator4 ,h4 zodiaca4 ,h4 concisa4 ,h4 pellicuta4 ,h4 /robilus4 ,h4 al&a4 ,h4 c>9a4 ,h4 ,bulv]ii4 ,h4 pileolus4 ,h4 vip>tita4 ,h4 s9i/rorsa4 ,h4 fibula4 ,h4 supplicata4 ,h4 ,porto-sant>a4 ,h4 punctulata4 ,h4 exalbida4 ,h4 ,mit*elliana499 ,h4 ,vanc\v]5sis499 ,h4 ,c>ol9i5sis499 ,h4 ,nuttaliana499 ,h4 ,columbiana499 ,h4 hirsuta499 ,h4 p]spectiva499 ,h4 l9eata499 ,h4 multil9eata499 ,h4 appressa499 ,h4 palliata499 ,h4 ,cali=ni5sis499 ,h4 ,t[ns5diana499 ,h4 ,ni*l9iana499 ,h4 ,oregon5sis499 ,h4 magnifica499 ,h4 pr(unda499 ,h4 albolabris499 ,h4 alt]nata499 ,h4 irrorata499 ,h4 inorata499 ,h4 ind5tata499 ,h4 inflecta499 ,h4 clausa499 ,h4 ob/ricta499 ,h4 elevata499 ,h4 int]na499 ,h4 *]s9a499 ,h4 gul>is499 ,h4 lig]a499 ,h4 solit>ia499 ,h4 jejuna499 ,h4 concava499 ,h4 fallax499 ,h4 eg5a499 ,h4 arboreus499 ,h4 glaphyra499 ,h4 ,?yroides499 ,h4 labyr9?ica499 ,h4 major499 ,h4 ,p5nsylvanica499 ,h4 subglobosa499 ,h4 ,zaleta99 ,h4 d5tif]a499 ,h4 delabata499 #b4 ,g5us ,c>ocolla4 ,pl4 ,x4 ,! ,animal ( ?is & ! foll[+ g5]a ( ?is family are precisely ! same z 9 ,helix4 ,%ell4 ,orbicul>1 m or less convex or conoidal above2 ! circumf]5ce or p]iph]y angulat$ or keel$2 ap]ture transv]se1 contigu\s to ! axis ( ! %ell2 ! "r m>g9 or lip subangul>1 (t5 too!d or plait$ b5ea?4 ,inhabits dry situations 9 ,europe & ,am]ica4 ,tw5ty-two species4 ,c>ocolla acuti/ima4 ,c4 albilabris4 ,c4 angi/oma4 ,c4 labyr9?us4 ,c4 luc]na4 ,c4 inflata4 ,c4 hispidula4 ,c4 ,gault]iana4 ,c4 albella4 ,c4 bicolor4 ,c4 ,mauritiana4 ,c4 ,madagasc>5sis4 ,c4 m>g9ata4 ,c4 ly*nu*us4 ,c4 planata4 ,c4 plan>ia4 ,c4 lapicida4 ,c4 elegans4 ,c4 ,hydiana499 ,c4 helicoides99 7new species7 ,lea4 ,c4 grata499 ,c4 ,sp9osa99 7new species7 ,lea4 #c4 ,g5us ,a*at9a4 ,pl4 ,x4 ,animal4 ,see ,helix4 ,%ell4 ,v>iable 9 =m1 b g5]ally subturriculat$1 oval or oblong1 ap]ture entire1 ! "r lip %>p1 nev] reflect$1 columella smoo?1 ( :i* ! ant]ior extremity is always op5 & truncat$4 ,inhabits ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,tw5ty-f\r species4 ,a*at9a p]dix4 ,a4 immaculata4 ,a4 acuta4 ,a4 ,mauritania4 ,a4 u/ulata4 ,a4 virg9ea4 ,a4 ,m>m9ii4 ,a4 fusco-l9eata4 ,a4 column>ia4 ,a4 acicula4 ,a4 zebra4 ,a4 purpurea4 ,a4 bic>9ata4 ,a4 ca/anea4 ,a4 vexillum4 ,a4 ,priamus4 ,a4 ,p]uviana4 ,a4 albo-l9eata4 ,a4 fulm9ea4 ,a4 folliculus4 ,a4 oleacea4 ,a4 glans499 ,a4 ,vanuxem5sis499 ,a4 solida499 #d4 ,g5us ,ano/oma4 ,pl4 ,x4 ,animal4 ,see ,helix4 ,%ell4 ,some:at extraord9>y 9 its =mation1 orbicul>1 ! spire convex & obtuse1 ap]ture r\nd1 d5tat$ gr9n+1 turn$ upw>ds to ! side ( ! spire1 m>g9 ( ! lip reflect$4 ,lakes 9 ,am]ica & ! ,s&wi* ,isl&s4 ,?ree species4 ,ano/oma d5tata4 ,ano/oma depressa4 ,a4 globosa499 #e4 ,g5us ,helic9a4 ,pl4 ,x4 ,animal4 ,see ,helix4 ,%ell4 ,t]re/rial1 di/+ui%$ only f ! ,helix by its columella be+ transv]se call\s2 mu* depress$ & dim9i%$ 9 ?ickness at ! l[] "p1 subliglobul>1 imp]=ate2 ap]ture entire1 demioval1 m>g9 acute1 =m+ an angle at ! l[] base ( ! "r lip2 op]culum corne\s4 ,inhabits groves 9 ,europe4 ,n9ete5 species4 ,helic9a n]itella4 ,h4 rhodo/oma4 ,h4 /riata4 ,h4 fasciata4 ,h4 virida4 ,h4 pul*ella4 ,h4 sub/riata4 ,h4 ,brazili5sis4 ,h4 co/ata4 ,h4 aurantia4 ,h4 major4 ,h4 m9ima4 ,h4 subm>g9ata4 ,h4 unifasciata4 ,h4 ,br[nii4 ,h4 depressa4 ,h4 aureola4 ,h4 orbiculata4 ,h4 ,tank]villii4 #f4 ,g5us ,pupa4 ,pl4 ,x4 ,animal4 ,see ,helix4 ,%ell4 ,cyl9drical1 g5]ally ?ick2 ap]ture irregul>1 semi-ovate1 r\nd$1 & subangulat$ b5ea?2 m>g9s ( out] lip ne>ly equal & reflect$ outw>dly1 unconnect$ at _! upp] p>ts2 ! plait ( ! columella int]pos$ betwe5 !m4 ,mo/ frequ5tly f\nd 9 moss 9 ,europe & ,am]ica4 ,=ty species4 ,pupa numia4 ,p4 uva4 ,p4 sulcata4 ,p4 c&ida4 ,p4 labrossa4 ,p4 fusus4 ,p4 trid5tata4 ,p4 fasciolata4 ,p4 zebra4 ,p4 unic>9ata4 ,p4 maculosa4 ,p4 clavulata4 ,p4 ovul>is4 ,p4 ,g]manica4 ,p4 c9]ea4 ,p4 trid5s4 ,p4 quadrid5s4 ,p4 polyodon4 ,p4 v>iabilis4 ,p4 frum5tum4 ,p4 secale4 ,p4 av5a4 ,p4 granum4 ,p4 fragilis4 ,p4 dolium4 ,p4 umbilicata4 ,p4 muscorum4 ,p4 angilicus4 ,p4 rufesc5s4 ,p4 edontulis4 ,p4 odonto/oma4 ,p4 petiv]iana4 ,p4 d5tata4 ,p4 contracta499 ,p4 rupicola499 ,p4 exigua499 ,p4 armif]a499 ,p4 fallax499 ,p4 ovata99 ,p4 p5tadon499 #g4 ,g5us ,clausilia4 ,pl4 ,x4 ,animal4 ,see ,helix4 ,%ell4 ,cyl9drical1 g5]ally fusi=m2 summit obtuse1 ! la/ :orl small] ?an ! prec$+2 ap]ture irregul>1 r\nd$1 oval2 m>g9 unit$1 & ext]nally reflect$4 ,inhabits dry situations bo? 9 ,europe & ,am]ica4 ,fifte5 species4 ,clausilia torticollis4 ,c4 truncatula4 ,c4 retusa4 ,c4 co/ulata4 ,c4 corrugata4 ,c4 inflata4 ,c4 ,m$it]ranea4 ,c4 d5ticulata4 ,c4 coll>is4 ,c4 papill>is4 ,c4 plicatula4 ,c4 rugosa4 ,c4 gracilis4 ,c4 *rysalis4 ,c4 t]es499 #h4 ,g5us ,bulimus4 ,pl4 ,x4 ,animals ( ?is g5us 9 =mation are precisely z ! ,helix2 !y are1 h[ev]1 ovip>\s1 produc+ eggs ) ! %ell conta9+ ! animal p]fectly matur$2 !y are frequ5tly z l>ge z a pigeon's egg4 ,%ell4 ,oval1 sometimes turriculat$1 oblong2 ! summit ( ! spire obtuse1 & ! la/ :orl l>g] ?an all ! o!rs toge!r2 ap]ture oblong1 oval1 edge disunit$2 9 adults ! lip mu* reflect$2 columella smoo?1 ) an inflection 9 ! middle1 ! base entire1 n *annel$4 ,inhabits m\nta9\s situations 9 ,europe & ,am]ica2 "s beautiful specim5s h be5 f\nd 9 ! woods ( ,ohio4 ,sixty-?ree species4 ,bulimus ovatus4 ,b4 hma/omus4 ,b4 gall9a4 ,b4 sultana4 ,b4 zigzag4 ,b4 multifasciatus4 ,b4 ,b5gal5sis4 ,b4 ,c>iborum4 ,b4 octonus4 ,b4 t]ebra/]4 ,b4 undatus4 ,b4 ,ri*ii4 ,b4 inv]sus4 ,b4 citr9us4 ,b4 sultanus4 ,b4 ,py?oga/]4 ,b4 ovoideus4 ,b4 int]ruptus4 ,b4 ,p]uvianus4 ,b4 ,favannii4 ,b4 ,kambeul4 ,b4 papyraceus4 ,b4 calc>eus4 ,b4 decollatus4 ,b4 ,lyonetianus4 ,b4 inflatus4 ,b4 radiatus4 ,b4 fragilis4 ,b4 ,guadalup5sis4 ,b4 ,mexicanus4 ,b4 articulatus4 ,b4 acutus4 ,b4 scob9atus4 ,b4 planid5s4 ,b4 v5tricosus4 ,b4 montanus4 ,b4 hordaceus4 ,b4 lubricus4 ,b4 io/oma4 ,b4 g5io/oma4 ,b4 odonto/oma4 ,b4 =mosus4 ,b4 ,li/]i4 ,b4 ,k+ii4 ,b4 ,dufresnii4 ,b4 pul*]4 ,b4 maug]i4 ,b4 lvis4 ,b4 auris leporis4 ,b4 vexillum4 ,b4 gl&i=mis499 ,b4 p>vus499 ,b4 virgo499 ,b4 gracilis499 ,b4 ,gibbonius499 ,b4 multilatus499 ,b4 maculatus499 ,b4 ,pealianus499 ,b4 lacteus499 ,b4 decoratus499 ,b4 ,columbianus499 ,b4 multil9eatus499 ,b4 corneus499 #i4 ,g5us ,succ9ea4 ,pl4 ,x4 ,animal4 ,see ,helix4 ,%ell4 ,t]re/rial1 v ?91 pellucid1 ovate oblong1 ) a conical1 po9t$ spire1 =m$ ( only "o or two :orls2 ap]ture v l>ge & oval1 edges disunit$2 "r edge always acute1 ! left ar*$1 =m$ by a smoo? att5uat$ columella4 ,! %ells ( ?is g5us nev] hav+ _! lip ?ick5$ or reflect$1 di/+ui% !m f ^? ( ! g5us ,bulimus1 to :i* !y be> a /rong resemblance4 ,inhabits ! sides ( dit*es & lakes1 bo? 9 ,europe & ,am]ica4 ,sev5 species4 ,succ9ea cuculata4 ,s4 amphibia4 ,s4 rubesc5s4 ,s4 oblonga4 ,s4 patula4 ,s4 pellucida4 ,s4 ap]ta499 #aj4 ,g5us ,auricula4 ,pl4 ,x4 ,animal4 ,see ,helix4 ,%ell4 ,solid1 ?ick1 & smoo?1 oval1 oblong spire v obtuse1 ap]ture entire1 enl>g$1 e>-%ap$1 mu* contract$ beh9d2 edges n unit$1 "r lip ?ick & g5]ally reflect$ outw>dly2 ! left or columella ) "o or m tee? or call\s plaits4 ,?is g5us d]ives its "n f its resemblance to ! e>s ( c]ta9 animals4 ,x is a l& %ell f\nd *iefly 9 ! ,ea/ & ,we/ ,india ,isl&s4 ,sixte5 species4 ,auricula ,mid4 ,a4 ,jud4 ,a4 sil5i4 ,a4 leporis4 ,a4 felis4 ,a4 ,dombeiana4 ,a4 nit5s4 ,a4 angio/oma4 ,a4 sc>abu4 ,a4 bov9a4 ,a4 caprella4 ,a4 myosotis4 ,a4 m9ima4 ,a4 coni=mis4 ,a4 monill4 ,a4 labrella4 #aa4 ,g5us ,cyclo/oma4 ,pl4 ,x4 ,animal4 ,see ,helix4 ,%ell4 ,t]re/rial1 di/+ui%$ f ! prec$+ g5]a by a p]fectly r\nd ap]ture1 reflect$ lip1 & horny op]culum1 summit papillose2 left edge hav+ its orig9 v deta*$ f ! spire4 ,inhabits ! ,ea/ ,indies4 ,a few species are f\nd 9 ,am]ica4 ,?irty-eight species4 ,cyclo/oma planorbula4 ,c4 volvulus4 ,c4 c>9ata4 ,c4 sulcata4 ,c4 unic>9ata4 ,c4 rugosa4 ,c4 labeo4 ,c4 int]rupta4 ,c4 ambigua4 ,c4 semilabris4 ,c4 tric>9ata4 ,c4 obsoleta4 ,c4 patulum4 ,c4 truncatum1 ,c4 pul*rum4 ,c4 ,jamaic5se4 ,c4 l9eolata4 ,c4 elongatum4 ,c4 mirabile4 ,c4 orbella4 ,c4 aurantium4 ,c4 flavula4 ,c4 fasciata4 ,c4 mumia4 ,c4 qu>t]nata4 ,c4 f]rug9ea4 ,c4 decussata4 ,c4 mammill>is4 ,c4 maculatum4 ,c4 ligata4 ,c4 elegans4 ,c4 tortum4 ,c4 mirabile4 ,c4 maculata499 ,c4 ,popayana499 ,c4 lapid>ia499 ,c4 m>g9ata499 ,c4 d5tata499 ,,family ,,viii4 ,,lymnacea4 ,?ree g5]a4 #a4 ,g5us ,lymnea4 ,pl4 ,x4 ,animal4 ,see ,helix4 ,%ell4 ,aquatic1 oval1 sometimes turret$2 spire produc$1 ?91 smoo?1 edges disunit$1 ! left ) a v oblique plait ris+ on ! columella1 =m+ an oval ap]ture1 de/itute ( an op]culum4 ,inhabits ! ponds ( ,am]ica & ,europe4 ,?irty-?ree species4 ,lymnea column>is4 ,l4 /agnelis4 ,l4 palu/ris4 ,l4 auricul>ia4 ,l4 ovata4 ,l4 m9uta4 ,l4 luteola4 ,l4 acum9ata4 ,l4 int]m$ia4 ,l4 leuco/oma4 ,l4 p]egra4 ,l4 rubig9osus499 ,l4 solida499 ,l4 ,virg9iana499 ,l4 ,emmoni5sis499 ,l4 lessoni499 ,l4 apac9a499 ,l4 catascopium499 ,l4 columella499 ,l4 elongatus499 ,l4 reflexus499 ,l4 appressus499 ,l4 elodes499 ,l4 limosa499 ,l4 lapid>ia499 ,l4 dissimilis499 ,l4 pond]osa499 ,l4 integra499 ,l4 porata499 ,l4 lu/rica499 ,l4 grana499 ,l4 subglobosa499 #b4 ,g5us ,physa4 ,pl4 ,x4 ,animal4 ,see ,helix4 ,%ell4 ,g5]al s9i/ral1 oval1 oblong1 or globul>1 v smoo?1 spire prom95t1 ap]ture oval1 contract$ po/]iorly1 "r edge %>p1 columella twi/+ obliquely1 & enl>g+ to jo9 itself to ! ant]ior "p ( ! m>g91 ! :orls turn+ to ! left h& gives ?is %ell ! appellation ( het]o/rophe4 ,inhabits ! dit*es ( ,am]ica & ,europe4 ,t5 species4 ,physa font9alis4 ,p4 hypnorum4 ,p4 subopaca4 ,p4 ca/anea499 ,p4 decisa499 ,p4 elongata499 ,p4 aurea499 ,p4 gyr9a499 ,p4 het]o/ropha499 ,p4 ancill>ia499 #c4 ,g5us ,planorbis4 ,pl4 ,x4 ,animal4 ,see ,helix4 ,%ell4 ,discoid1 spire depress$1 or involut$ almo/ 9 ! same v]tical plane1 caus+ ! %ell to be depress$ on ea* side1 ap]ture oblong1 luni=m1 axis remote1 m>g9 n reflect$2 no op]culum4 ,inhabits ! lakes ( ,am]ica & ,europe4 ,tw5ty-two species4 ,planorbis cornu-arietis4 ,p4 corneus4 ,p4 spirorbis4 ,p4 hispidus4 ,p4 ori5talis4 ,p4 c>9atus4 ,p4 lutesc5s4 ,p4 nitidus4 ,p4 angulatus4 ,p4 de=mis4 ,p4 imbricatus4 ,p4 contortus4 ,p4 vortex4 ,p4 l5s499 ,p4 glabratus499 ,p4 armig]us499 ,p4 p>allellus499 ,p4 exacu\s499 ,p4 campanulatus499 ,p4 trivolvis499 ,p4 bic>9atus499 ,p4 p>vus499 ,,family ,,ix4 ,,melaniana4 ,?ree g5]a4 #a4 ,g5us ,melania4 ,pl4 ,x4 ,animal4 ,see ,helix4 ,%ell4 ,turret$2 ap]ture entire1 spire slightly po9t$1 m>g9 ( ! :orls (t5 surm\nt$ by spires1 columella smoo? & ar*$1 clos$ by a ?9 horn-l op]culum2 ?is is a fluviatile %ell1 (t5 cov]$ by a ?ick epid]mis4 ,inhabits ! riv]s ( ,india4 ,_m f9e species are f\nd 9 ,am]ica4 ,fifty-f\r species4 ,melania inqu9ata4 ,m4 asp]ata4 ,m4 sp9olusa4 ,m4 gronif]a4 ,m4 aurita4 ,m4 l9eolata4 ,m4 trunculata4 ,m4 c>9ef]a4 ,m4 truncata4 ,m4 co>ctata4 ,m4 punctata4 ,m4 subulata4 ,m4 ,helvetica4 ,m4 l9eata4 ,m4 ,byron5sis4 ,m4 sulcata4 ,m4 lvigata4 ,m4 clavis4 ,m4 decollata4 ,m4 am>ula4 ,m4 ?i>ella4 ,m4 fasciolata4 ,m4 lvissima4 ,m4 corrugata4 ,m4 ,troo/iana499 ,m4 plicif]a499 ,m4 ,sayii499 ,m4 elevata499 ,m4 armig]a499 ,m4 multil9eata499 ,m4 proxima499 ,m4 ,hydeii499 ,m4 salebrosa499 ,m4 bita5iata499 ,m4 lema499 ,m4 nassula499 ,m4 tro*i=mis499 ,m4 elevata499 ,m4 laqueata499 ,m4 semic>9ata499 ,m4 subul>is99 7,lea74 ,m4 acuta499 ,m4 plicata499 ,m4 inflata499 ,n4 conica499 ,m4 cat5>ia499 ,m4 simplex499 ,m4 excurta499 ,m4 annulif]a499 ,m4 pyr5ella499 ,m4 coma499 ,m4 alve>e499 ,m4 cyl9dracea499 ,m4 ve/ita499 ,m4 caniculata499 ,m4 ,virg9ica499 ,m4 tub]culata99 7,lea74 ,m4 elongata499 #b4 ,g5us ,pir5a4 ,pl4 ,x4 ,animal4 ,mu* elongat$1 mantle prolong$ into a canal at ! left side1 b )\t di/9ct tube2 foot %ort1 oval1 ) an ant]ior m>g9al furr[2 head t]m9at$ by a depress$ proboscidi=m muzzle2 t5tacula v di/ant1 ?ickly annulat$1 dilat$ 9 ! inf]ior half ( _! l5g?1 & hav+ ! eyes at ! summit ( ?is dilation2 m\? a t]m9al & v]tical slit1 )\t labial too?1 & ) a v small tongue2 a s+le long & n>r[ bran*ia4 ,%ell4 ,di/+ui%$ f ! prec$+ g5us by hav+ a s9us at ! base1 & ano!r at ! summit2 turret$2 ap]ture longitud9al1 "r lip %>p1 base ( ! columella incl9$ to ! "r4 ,inhabits ! riv]s ( ,india & ,africa4 ,"o species is f\nd 9 ,am]ica4 ,six species4 ,pir5a t]ebralis4 ,p4 cancellata4 ,p4 aurita4 ,p4 sp9osa4 ,p4 granulosa4 ,p4 scal>i=mis499 #c4 ,g5us ,melanopsis4 ,pl4 ,x4 ,animal4 ,z prec$+ g5us4 ,%ell4 ,! ,melanopsis is di/+ui%$ f ! ,melanaia1 by ! columella be+ call\s 9 ! upp] "p1 & ! base truncat$ z 9 ! ,a*at9a1 & diff]s f ! ,pir5a 9 hav+ only a s9us or wid5$ op5+ at ! base ( ! %ell2 ap]ture cov]$ by a horny op]culum4 ,inhabits ! riv]s ( ! ,ar*ipelago4 ,?ree species4 ,melanopsis co/ata4 ,m4 lvigata4 ,m4 prrosa4 ,,family ,x4 ,,p]i/omiana4 ,?ree g5]a4 #a4 ,g5us ,valvata4 ,pl4 ,x4 ,animal4 ,see ,helix4 ,%ell4 ,f\nd only 9 fre% wat]2 subdiscoid or conoid1 umbilicat$1 spiral1 :orls1 r\nd$2 angul> at ! summit2 ap]ture r\nd1 n modifi$ by ! p5ultimate :orl2 ! m>g9s %>p & unit$2 op]culum orbicul> & horny4 ,inhabits ! riv]s ( ,europe & ,am]ica4 ,?ree species4 ,valvata pisc9alis4 ,v4 arcnif]a499 7,lea47 ,v4 tric>9ata499 #b4 ,g5us ,palud9a4 ,pl4 ,x4 ,animal4 ,see ,helix4 ,%ell4 ,g5]ally f\nd 9 fre% wat]1 ?\gh "s species h be5 f\nd :]e x is salt2 conoid cov]$ ) a gre5i% epid]mis2 ! :orls r\nd$ or convex1 spiral cavity modifi$ by ! la/ :orl2 ap]ture r\nd$1 oval1 oblong1 angul> at ! summit2 m>g9s unit$1 acute1 nev] reflect$ outw>ds2 op]culum orbicul> & horny4 ,inhabits ! riv]s ( ,am]ica & ,europe4 ,?irty-"o species4 ,palud9a vivip>a4 ,p4 ,b5gal5sis4 ,p4 viridis4 ,p4 ,francesii4 ,p4 a*at9a4 ,p4 ,au/ralis4 ,p4 impura4 ,p4 muriatica4 ,p4 s9i/rosa499 ,p4 ,nuttaliana499 ,p4 vir5s499 ,p4 pallida499 ,p4 subc>9ata499 ,p4 g5icula499 ,p4 magnifica499 ,p4 limosa499 ,p4 subglobosa499 ,p4 lapid>ia499 ,p4 ,virg9ica499 ,p4 hyal9a499 ,p4 unicolor499 ,p4 nuclea499 ,p4 decisa499 ,p4 fuscus499 ,p4 dissimilis499 ,p4 pond]osa499 ,p4 integra499 ,p4 porata499 ,p4 lu/rica499 ,p4 grana499 ,p4 ,nickl9iana499 #c4 ,g5us ,ampull>ia4 ,pl4 ,x4 ,animal4 ,inflat$1 globul>1 spiral2 foot oval1 ) a transv]se furr[ at its ant]ior edge2 head wide2 t5tacula sup]ior1 v long1 conical1 & po9t$2 eyes situat$ at _! ext]nal base1 & support$ ^u a v app>5t p$uncle2 m\? v]tical1 situat$ betwe5 two lips dispos$ 9 =m ( a horse-%oe & =m+ a k9d ( muzzle2 no sup]ior too?2 a bri/ly l+ual b&1 b n prolong$ into ! abdom9al cavity2 a v l>ge respiratory cavity1 divid$ 9 two by an incomplete horizontal p>tition4 ,animals ( ?is g5us are ovip>\s2 produc+ an egg ne>ly z l>ge z t ( a pigeon1 9 :i* is f\nd ! "y animal complete1 & 9 a p]fectly =m$ %ell4 ,%ell4 ,?is g5us appe>s to p>take ( ! *>act]i/ics1 bo? ( ! ,palud9a & ! ,natica1 be+ fluviatile & frequ5tly atta9+ a l>ge size2 spire v %ort1 ! la/ :orl mu* l>g] ?an all ! o!rs toge!r2 globul>1 v v5tricose1 umbilicus small1 =m+ a compress$ funnel-%ap$ ap]ture1 )\t int]ior callosity2 ap]ture long] ?an broad1 ) m>g9s unit$2 columell> lip ?ick5$1 project+ & reflect$ ov] ! umbilicus2 op]culum horny4 ,inhabits ! riv]s ( ,europe4 ,?irte5 species4 ,ampull>ia vivip>a4 ,a4 fasciata4 ,a4 rugosa4 ,a4 canaliculata4 ,a4 effusa4 ,a4 vir5s4 ,a4 avellana4 ,a4 fragilis4 ,a4 ,gu9ica4 ,a4 c>9ata4 ,a4 intorta4 ,a4 conica4 ,a4 ,pealiana499 ,,family ,,xi4 ,,n]itacea4 ,f\r g5]a4 #a4 ,g5us ,n]it9a4 ,pl4 ,x4 ,animal4 ,globul>2 foot circul>1 ?ick1 )\t a furr[ ant]iorly1 or a lobe = ! op]culum po/]iorly1 ) a bip>tite columell> muscle2 conical t5tacula2 eyes subp$unculate at _! ext]nal side2 m\? )\t labial too?1 b ) a d5ticulat$ tongue prolong$ into ! visc]al cavity2 a s+le l>ge pect9i=m bran*ia4 ,%ell4 ,?is g5us 0 =m]ly class$ ) ! ,n]ita1 :i* 9 =m x mu* resembles1 b f ! circum/ance ( ! latt] inhabit+ ! sea1 & ,n]it9 fre% wat]1 x n[ =ms a sep>ate g5us4 ,?91 smoo?1 or f9ely /riat$1 9 all ! species kn[n1 ! "r side ( ! ap]ture does n possess any cr5ulations or tee?2 ! op]culum is provid$ ) a lat]al too? on "o side4 ,"s species are arm$ ) sp9es2 ap]ture semicircul>2 left m>g9 smoo? & %>p2 spire imp]fect1 g5]ally dissolv$ by ! animal4 ,inhabits ! fre% wat] riv]s ( ,europe4 ,tw5ty-sev5 species4 ,n]it9a p]v]sa4 ,n4 pullig]a4 ,n4 dubia4 ,n4 zebra4 ,n4 zigzag4 ,n4 gagates4 ,n4 lugubris4 ,n4 l9eolata4 ,n4 fasciata4 ,n4 semiconica4 ,n4 /rigilata4 ,n4 meleagris4 ,n4 virg9ea4 ,n4 fluviatilis4 ,n4 viridis4 ,n4 ,btica4 ,n4 c>eosa4 ,n4 caffra4 ,n4 ,dom+5sis4 ,n4 auriculata4 ,n4 crepidul>ia4 ,n4 brevisp9a4 ,n4 ,smi?ii4 ,n4 sp9osa4 ,n4 ,ow5i4 ,n4 pul*ella4 ,n4 corona4 #b4 ,g5us ,n]ita4 ,pl4 ,x4 ,animal4 ,see ,n]it9a4 ,%ell4 ,m>9e1 b nev] sp9$1 solid1 semiglobul>1 flatt5$ b5ea?1 n imbilicat$2 ap]ture l>ge1 entire1 semilun>1 ! ext]nal m>g9 mu* holl[$2 ! columella %>p & (t5 d5tat$1 op]culum horny1 subspiral1 ) a project+ too?4 ,inhabits ! seas ( ,s4 ,am]ica & ,w4 ,indies4 ,tw5ty species4 ,nurita exuvia4 ,n4 textilis4 ,n4 undata4 ,n4 peloronta4 ,n4 *loro/oma4 ,n4 atrata4 ,n4 polita4 ,n4 albicella4 ,n4 *amleon4 ,n4 v]sicolor4 ,n4 l9eata4 ,n4 scabrico/a4 ,n4 plicata4 ,n4 tassellata4 ,n4 signata4 ,n4 ornata4 ,n4 ,au/ralis4 ,n4 rudis4 ,n4 ,asc5sionis4 ,n4 ,malacc5sis4 #c4 ,g5us ,navicella4 ,pl4 ,x4 ,animal4 ,oval1 n spiral1 foot elliptical1 v l>ge1 ) a ?9 subpapill>y edge1 advanc$ r ant]iorly1 )\t m>g9al furr[1 b atta*$ on ea* side to ! visc]al mass 9 all its po/]ior portion s z to =m a sort ( cavity op5 transv]sely beh9d2 head v broad & semilunate2 t5tacula conical1 contractile & di/ant2 eyes subp$unculat$ at ! ext]nal root ( ! t5tacula2 m\? l>ge & longitud9al4 ,%ell4 ,fluviatile1 elliptical1 or oblong1 convex above1 summit /raight1 depress$ to ! m>g91 concave b5ea?2 no columella2 ! columell> edge replac$ by a %>p p>tition1 cov]+ "p ( ! ap]ture2 a s9us at its left extremity2 muscul> impression horse-%oe %ap$1 op5 9 front & int]rupt$ beh9d2 ?91 calc>e\s op]culum1 ) a subulate1 lat]al too? adh]+ to ! po/]ior m>g94 ,inhabits riv]s 9 ! ,isle ( ,france4 ,f\r species4 ,navicella elliptica4 ,n4 tesselatus4 ,n4 l9eata4 ,n4 porcelanica4 #d4 ,g5]a ,natica4 ,pl4 ,,xi4 ,animal4 ,oval1 subspiral2 foot pr(\ndly & transv]sely bilob$ ant]iorly1 & hav+ a horny or calc>e\s op]culum2 head provid$ ) long setace\s t5tacula1 flat1 & auriculat$ at ! base2 eyes sessile at ! ext]nal side ( ! root ( ! t5tacula2 m\? arm$ ) a labial too?4 ,%ell4 ,m>9e1 di/+ui%$ f ! ,n]ita by hav+ no tee?1 & hav+ an umbilicus modifi$ by a callosity2 v smoo? & glossy2 no epid]mis2 spire evid5t1 b l[2 columell> edge n too!d2 "r edge )\t tee?2 op]culum calc>e\s & smoo?1 semi-spiral1 ) conc5trical ribs1 fitt+ a groove on ! columella4 ,inhabits ! ,w4 ,indian ,ocean & ,am]ican seas4 ,?irty-six species4 ,natica ampull>ia4 ,n4 plumbea4 ,n4 conica4 ,n4 aurantia4 ,n4 melano/oma4 ,n4 mamilla4 ,n4 mamill>is4 ,n4 album54 ,n4 glauc9a4 ,n4 canr5a4 ,n4 cru5tata4 ,n4 millepunctata4 ,n4 vitellus4 ,n4 helvacca4 ,n4 coll>ia4 ,n4 monilif]a4 ,n4 labrella4 ,n4 unifasciata4 ,n4 l9eata4 ,n4 fulm9ata4 ,n4 maculosa4 ,n4 vitata4 ,n4 ca/anea4 ,n4 ara*noidea4 ,n4 zebra4 ,n4 ,m>o*i5sis4 ,n4 ,javanica4 ,n4 zon>ia4 ,n4 cancellata4 ,n4 patula4 ,n4 duplicata4 ,n4 intricata4 ,n4 glabrata4 ,n4 ,*95sis4 ,n4 rufa4 ,n4 consolidata499 ,n4 duplicata499 ,n4 h]os499 ,n4 pusilla499 ,n4 tris]iata499 ,n4 rugosa499 ,,family ,,xii4 ,,jan?9ea4 ,"o g5us4 #a4 ,g5us ,jan?9a4 ,pl4 ,,xi4 ,animal4 ,( oval =m1 spiral1 provid$ ) a circul> concave foot1 accompani$ ) a vesicul> subc>tilag9\s mass1 & natatory app5dages on ea* side2 head v ?ick2 t5tacula sc>cely at all contractile2 eyes situat$ b5ea? ! extremity ( long p$uncles plac$ at ! ext]nal side ( ! t5tacula1 & appe>+ to =m a "p ( !m2 m\? at ! extremity ( a v ?ick proboscidi=m muzzle1 betwe5 two v]tical1 subc>tilag9\s lips furni%$ ) %>p sp9es4 ,%ell4 ,( a beautiful violet col\r1 f\nd 9 numb]s float+ on ! surface ( ! ocean1 susp5d$ by a vesicul> app5dage :i* gives a ri* purple /a94 ,extremely ?9 & fragile1 spire l[1 lat]al1 po9t$1 ) subc>9at$ :orls2 ap]ture l>ge1 subangul>1 modifi$ by ! la/ :orl ( ! spire1 edges disunit$1 ! left =m$ by ! columella1 :i* is /raight1 cont9u+ beyond ! base1 "r edge %>p1 ) a s9us 9 ! middle4 ,inhabits ! ,atlantic ,ocean4 ,?ree species4 ,jan?9a naticoides4 ,j4 communis4 ,j4 exigua4 ,,family ,,xiii4 ,,macro/omiana4 ,f\r g5]a4 #a4 ,g5us ,sig>etus4 ,pl4 ,,xi4 ,animal4 ,body oval1 flat b5ea?2 edges ( ! mantle v]tical1 ?91 ext5d+ beyond ! body 9 all directions1 slop$ ant]iorly2 ! mantle itself dilat$ sup]iorly4 ,%ell4 ,m or less ?ick1 int]nal1 )\t col\r1 mu* depress$1 ) a %ort1 l[1 lat]al spire2 left edge ( ! ap]ture tr5*ant2 two lat]al muscul> impressions v di/ant4 ,inhabits ! ,indian ,ocean4 ,two species are f\nd 9 ,s4 ,am]ica4 ,six species4 ,sig>etus convexus4 ,s4 ,haliotoideus4 ,s4 cancellatus4 ,s4 lvigatus4 ,s4 p]spectivus499 ,s4 maculatus499 #b4 ,g5us ,/omatella4 ,pl4 ,,xi4 ,animal4 ,unkn[n4 ,%ell4 ,di/+ui%$ f ! ,/omatia by be+ de/itute ( a transv]se rib1 orbicul>1 oblong e>-%ap$1 imp]=ate2 ap]ture entire1 l>ge1 sublongitud9al2 "r lip effuse1 dilat$1 op54 ,inhabits ! ,indian ,ocean4 ,five species4 ,/omatella imbricata4 ,s4 rubra4 ,s4 sulcif]a4 ,s4 auricula4 ,s4 planulata4 #c4 ,g5us ,/omatia4 ,pl4 ,,xi4 ,animal4 ,unkn[n4 ,%ell4 ,e>-%ap$1 imp]=ate1 spire prom95t2 ap]ture entire1 l>ge1 oblong2 "r m>g9 & columella equally rais$2 a transv]se & tub]culat$ rib on ! back4 ,inhabits ! ,indian ,ocean4 ,two species4 ,/omatia phymotis4 ,s4 obscurata4 #d4 ,g5us ,haliotis4 ,pl4 ,,xi4 ,animal4 ,body oval1 mu* depress$1 slightly spiral po/]iorly1 provid$ ) a l>ge foot d\bly fr+$ at its circumf]5ce2 head depress$2 t5tacula a little flatt5$2 eyes at ! summit ( prismatic p$uncles situat$ at ! ext]nal side ( ! t5tacula2 mantle v ?91 deeply slit at ! left side2 ! two lobes po9t$1 & =m+ by _! union a k9d ( canal to conduct wat] into ! bran*ial cavity1 & includ+ two v long unequal bran*ial combs4 ,%ell4 ,?is beautiful g5us d]ives its "n f its resemblance to ! human e>4 ,! ext]ior1 tub]culat$1 & g5]ally load$ ) m>9e sub/ances1 giv+ x an unc\? appe>ance1 b its iridesc5t int]ior =ms a magnific5t contra/2 x is pe>ly1 ) all ! hues ( ! ra9b[1 recurv+ v depress$1 oval1 spire v small1 sometimes erod$1 almo/ po/]ior1 ap]ture z l>ge z ! %ell1 ) m>g9s reflect$ inw>ds1 ! "r %>p1 left flat1 & enl>g$2 disk pi]c$ ) holes1 dispos$ 9 a l9e p>allel to & ne> ! left m>g91 ! la/ comm5c+ ) a not*4 ,^! holes =m$ by ! animal1 z x increases ! size ( ! %ell1 to admit ! passage ( a %ort syphon2 !y adh]e to rocks1 & are remov$ ) mu* difficulty4 ,inhabits ! sea at ,molucca4 ,n9ete5 species4 ,haliotis tub]culata4 ,h4 /riata4 ,h4 as99a4 ,h4 glabia4 ,h4 lamellosa4 ,h4 unilat]alis4 ,h4 rugosa4 ,h4 canaliculata4 ,h4 trico/alis4 ,h4 dubia4 ,h4 iris4 ,h4 tubif]a4 ,h4 excavata4 ,h4 ,au/ralis4 ,h4 ,mid4 ,h4 rubra4 ,h4 trico/ata4 ,h4 corrugata4 ,h4 ,m>i4 ,,family ,,xiv4 ,,plicacea4 ,two g5]a4 #a4 ,g5us ,tornatella4 ,pl4 ,,xi4 ,animal4 ,body oval1 subspiral2 foot divid$ into two heels by a wide transv]se furr[2 head provid$ ) two v]tical cyl9drical t5tacula1 hav+ ! eyes plac$ sessilely ^u _! int]ior side4 ,%ell4 ,convolute1 oval1 cyl9drical1 mo/ly /riat$ transv]sely2 no epid]mis2 spire v %ort1 la/ :orl mu* l>g] ?an all ! o!rs toge!r2 "o or two l>ge plaits on ! columella4 ,inhabits ! coa/ ( ,brita94 ,six species4 ,tornatella fasciata4 ,t4 solidula4 ,t4 auricula4 ,t4 nitidula4 ,t4 p$ipes4 ,t4 flammea4 #b4 ,g5us ,pyramidella4 ,pl4 ,,xi4 ,animal4 ,z prec$+ g5us4 ,%ell4 ,smoo? & turret$1 )\t epid]mis2 elongat$1 conical1 or subturriculat$2 ap]ture entire1 demioval2 ! out] lip %>p & d5tat$ )91 columella produc$1 subp]=ate at ! base1 furni%$ ) transv]se plaits4 ,inhabits ! ,am]ican & ,w4 ,indian seas4 ,six species4 ,pyramidella t]rebellum4 ,pyramidella maculosa499 ,p4 dolabrata499 ,pyramidella plicata499 ,p4 v5tricosa499 ,p4 corrugata499 ,,family ,,xv4 ,,scal>9a4 ,?ree g5]a4 #a4 ,g5us ,scal>ia4 ,pl4 ,,xi4 ,animal4 ,spiral2 foot %ort1 oval1 & ins]t$ b5ea? ! neck2 two t5tacula t]m9at$ by a filam5t1 & hav+ ! eyes at ! extremity ( ! dilat$ portion2 a proboscis4 ,%ell4 ,m>9e1 ap]ture circul>1 spire m or less press$ & furni%$ ) longitud9al ribs1 =m$ by ! pres]vation ( ! reflect$ m>g9 ( ! ap]ture2 edges unit$1 ?ick5$1 & outw>dly reflect$2 op]culum horny & ?94 ,inhabits ! ,am]ican & ,indian seas4 ,f\rte5 liv+ species1 & ?ree fossil4 ,scal>ia coronata4 ,s4 communis4 ,s4 ,au/ralis4 ,s4 t5ebralis4 ,s4 v>icosa4 ,s4 r>ico/a4 ,s4 lamellosa4 ,s4 pretiosa4 ,s4 ,m>t9ii499 ,s4 ,novanglia499 ,s4 l9eata499 ,s4 subulata499 ,s4 multi/riata499 ,s4 turb9ata499 #b4 ,g5us ,v]metus4 ,pl4 ,,xi4 ,animal4 ,z prec$+ g5us4 ,%ell4 ,v simil> to ! ,s]pula1 b ! organization ( ! animal makes x a di/9ct g5us2 (t5 f\nd clu/]$ toge!r1 & atta*$ to m>9e sub/ances2 conical1 ?91 tubul>1 loosely spiral1 ap]ture /raight1 circul>1 edges %>p & complete1 sev]al p>titions n p]=at$ t[>ds ! summit1 op]culum horny & complete4 ,inhabits ! s&y %ores ( ! ,w4 ,indies & ,africa4 ,two species4 ,v]metus lumbricalis4 ,v4 maximus4 #c4 ,g5us ,delph9ula4 ,pl4 ,,xi4 ,animal4 ,see ,scal>ia4 ,%ell4 ,?ick1 & pe>ly 9 ! int]ior1 subdiscoid or conical2 spiral :orls r\gh or angul>1 (t5 deta*$1 sp9y2 l>ge umbilicus1 sometimes triangul>2 ! m>g9s unit$1 mo/ly fr+$ or v5tricose4 ,inhabits ! ,indian & ,am]ican seas4 ,five liv+ species4 ,sev5 fossil4 ,delph9ula lac9iata4 ,d4 turb9opsis4 ,d4 di/orta4 ,d4 rugosa4 ,d4 laxa499 ,,family ,,xvi4 ,,turb9acea4 ,eight g5]a4 #a4 ,g5us ,sol>ium4 ,pl4 ,,xi4 ,animal4 ,unkn[n4 ,%ell4 ,orbicul>1 depress$1 umbilicus l>ge & conical1 cr5ulat$ or d5tat$ on ! inn] m>g9 ( ! :orls2 ap]ture n modifi$ by ! la/ :orl ( ! spire1 :i* is entirely flat2 no columella4 ,inhabits ! ,indian seas4 ,sev5 liv+ species4 ,e4 fossil4 ,sol>ium granulatum4 ,s4 p]spectivum4 ,s4 hybridum4 ,s4 lvigatum4 ,s4 /ram9eum4 ,s4 v>iegatum4 ,s4 luteum4 #b4 ,g5us ,tro*us4 ,pl4 ,,xi4 ,animal4 ,spiral1 hav+ ! sides ( ! body (t5 ornam5t$ ) digitat$ or lob$ app5dages1 & provid$ ) a %ort foot1 r\nd$ at its two extremities2 head provid$ ) two t5tacula m or less elongat$1 hav+ ! eyes ^u a dilation ( _! ext]nal base2 m\? )\t sup]ior too?1 b furni%$ ) a spiral l+ual b&4 ,%ell4 ,m>9e1 f\nd 9 almo/ all p>ts ( ! _w1 "s smoo?1 o!rs knott$1 sp9$1 tub]culat$1 or undulat$2 ?ick1 g5]ally pe>ly1 spire sometimes depress$1 at o!rs elevat$ & po9t$ at ! summit1 %>p or c>9at$ at its circumf]5ce1 frequ5tly umbilicat$1 n always2 ap]ture transv]sely depress$1 ! m>g9s n unit$ at ! upp] "p2 columella ar*$ & twi/$1 (t5 project+ =w>d2 op]culum horny1 ?91 ) num]\s spiral :orls1 increas+ f ! c5tre to ! circumf]5ce4 ,inhabits ! ,european seas4 ,n9ety-n9e liv+ species4 ,eight fossil4 ,tro*us imp]ialis4 ,t4 longisp9a4 ,t4 sol>is4 ,t4 ,indicus4 ,t4 radians4 ,t4 pileus4 ,t4 calyptr=mis4 ,t4 fimbriatus4 ,t4 brevisp9a4 ,t4 rotul>ius4 ,t4 /ella4 ,t4 /ell>ius4 ,t4 asp]atus4 ,t4 rhodo/omus4 ,t4 sp9ulosus4 ,t4 jujub9us4 ,t4 ,javanicus4 ,t4 annulatus4 ,t4 doli>ius4 ,t4 granulatus4 ,t4 granatum4 ,t4 monilif]us4 ,t4 iris4 ,t4 ornatus4 ,t4 bic+ulatus4 ,t4 callif]us4 ,t4 umbilic>is4 ,t4 undatus4 ,t4 ,ph>aonis4 ,t4 sagittif]us4 ,t4 co/ulatus4 ,t4 in]mis4 ,t4 agglut9ans4 ,t4 coelatus4 ,t4 tub]4 ,t4 magus4 ,t4 m]ula4 ,t4 argyro/omus4 ,t4 ,cookii4 ,t4 niloticus4 ,t4 pyramidalis4 ,t4 nodulif]us4 ,t4 crulesc5s4 ,t4 obeliscus4 ,t4 virgatus4 ,t4 maculatus4 ,t4 granosus4 ,t4 squ>rosus4 ,t4 incrassatus4 ,t4 flamulatus4 ,t4 elatus4 ,t4 m>moreus4 ,t4 ,mauritianus4 ,t4 imbricatus4 ,t4 triseliatus4 ,t4 cr5ulatus4 ,t4 asp]ulus4 ,t4 acutus4 ,t4 concavus4 ,t4 l9eatus4 ,t4 zizyph9us4 ,t4 conuloides4 ,t4 conulus4 ,t4 zonatus4 ,t4 c>neolus4 ,t4 c9]>ius4 ,t4 excavatus4 ,t4 nanus4 ,t4 pyramidatus4 ,t4 ery?roleucos4 ,t4 undosus4 ,t4 unguis4 ,t4 olivaceus4 ,t4 ,smi?ii4 ,t4 maug]i4 ,t4 ,m$it]raneus4 ,t4 reticulatus4 ,t4 indi/9ctus4 ,t4 pellios]p5tis4 ,t4 armillatus4 ,t4 acum9atus4 ,t4 elegantus4 ,t4 granosus4 ,t4 tniatus4 ,t4 articulatus4 ,t4 pictus4 ,t4 callosus4 ,t4 clanguloides4 ,t4 int]ruptus4 ,t4 lvis4 ,t4 albidus4 ,t4 cel&ii4 ,t4 quadrico/atus4 ,t4 ,byronianus4 ,t4 elongatus4 ,t4 filosus4 ,t4 clangulus4 ,t4 sulcatus4 ,t4 ,montagui4 #c4 ,g5us ,monodonta4 ,pl4 ,,xi4 ,animal4 ,see ,tro*us4 ,%ell4 ,?is g5us appe>s to be ! connect+ l9k betwe5 ! ,tro*us & ,turbo2 di/+ui%$ f ! =m]1 by an entirely r\nd$ ap]ture1 slightly depress$2 f ! latt]1 by ! too?like project+ angle ! truncat$ columella occasions at ! base2 an op]culum4 ,inhabits ! ,*9ese seas4 ,?irty-f\r species4 ,monodonta bicolor4 ,m4 pagodus4 ,m4 tectum-p]sicum4 ,m4 papillosa4 ,m4 coron>ia4 ,m4 gyptiacea4 ,m4 c>*$onius4 ,m4 modulus4 ,m4 ,li/]i4 ,m4 tectum4 ,m4 labio4 ,m4 ,au/ralis4 ,m4 canalif]a4 ,m4 viridis4 ,m4 frag>ioides4 ,m4 con/ricta4 ,m4 tric>9ata4 ,m4 badia4 ,m4 articulata4 ,m4 lugubris4 ,m4 punctulata4 ,m4 caniculata4 ,m4 sem9igra4 ,m4 rosea4 ,m4 l9eata4 ,m4 rugosa4 ,m4 zebra4 ,m4 reticul>is4 ,m4 tro*lea4 ,m4 atrata4 ,m4 obscura4 ,m4 concam]ata4 ,m4 odontis4 ,m4 pul*]rima4 #d4 ,g5us ,turbo4 ,pl4 ,,xi4 ,animal4 ,v simil> to t ( ,tro*us1 ! sides sometimes ornam5t$ ) t5tacul> app5dages1 v>y+ 9 numb] & =m2 head proboscidi=m2 t5tacula ?9 & setace\s4 ,%ell4 ,depress$ conical1 or subturret$2 sometimes umbilicat$1 frequ5tly c>9at$ at its circumf]5ce2 int]ior pe>ly2 ap]ture r\nd or depress$1 ! middle ( ext]nal edge holl[$2 edges r>ely jo9$ by a callosity2 columella ar*$1 r>ely twi/$1 n truncat$ at ! base2 an op]culum4 ,inhabits ! ,indian & ,am]ican seas4 ,fifty-"o species4 ,turbo m>moratus4 ,t4 imp]ialis1 ,t4 torquatus4 ,t4 muricatus4 ,t4 littoreus4 ,t4 u/ulatus4 ,t4 ,s>maticus4 ,t4 cornutus4 ,t4 argyro/omus4 ,t4 *ryso/omus4 ,t4 radiatus4 ,t4 setosus4 ,t4 ,sp5gl]ianus4 ,t4 pe?olatus4 ,t4 undulatus4 ,t4 pica4 ,t4 v]sicolor4 ,t4 sm>agdus4 ,t4 cid>is4 ,t4 diaphanus4 ,t4 rugosus4 ,t4 coronatus4 ,t4 cr5ulatus4 ,t4 m>g>itaceus4 ,t4 ve/itus4 ,t4 inc>natus4 ,t4 ,nicob>icus4 ,t4 n]itoides4 ,t4 retusus4 ,t4 bic>9atus4 ,t4 rudis4 ,t4 obtusus4 ,t4 pullus4 ,t4 crulesc5s4 ,t4 cancellatus4 ,t4 co/atus4 ,t4 nig]4 ,t4 m9imus4 ,t4 tub]culatus4 ,t4 zebra4 ,t4 p9tado4 ,t4 crassus4 ,t4 fluctuatus4 ,t4 hippoca/anum4 ,t4 c9]u4 ,t4 obscurus4 ,t4 saxosus4 ,t4 irroratus499 ,t4 canaliculatus499 ,t4 palliatus499 ,t4 obligatus499 #e4 ,g5us ,planaxis4 ,pl4 ,,xi4 ,animal4 ,unkn[n4 ,%ell4 ,ovate conical1 solid2 ap]ture ovate1 sublongitud9al1 columella flat & truncat$ at ! base1 sep>at$ f ! "r m>g9 by a n>r[ s9us4 ,int]ior surface ( ! "r m>g9 furr[$ or l9eat$1 & a callosity runn+ "u ! summit4 ,inhabits ! ,am]ican & ,w4 ,indian seas4 ,f\r species4 ,planaxis sulcata4 ,p4 bicolor4 ,p4 undulata4 ,p4 lvigatum499 #f4 ,g5us ,phasianella4 ,pl4 ,,xi4 ,animal4 ,spiral2 foot oval2 ^u ea* side an app5dage ornam5t$ ) filam5ts2 head edg$ ant]iorly ) a k9d ( veil =m$ by a d\ble1 bifid1 fr+$ lip2 two1 long1 conical t5tacula2 eyes borne ^u %ort p$uncles & situat$ at ! ext]nal "p ( _! base2 m\? betwe5 two v]tical subcornate lips4 ,%ell4 ,m>9e2 _m ( !m v r>e & valuable2 _! beauty ( col\r+ dispos$ s z to resemble ! plumage ( a pheasant4 ,oval1 r ?ick1 smoo? & glossy1 spire po9t$2 columella unit+ itself ) ! left edge1 =m+ int]iorly a longitud9al callosity2 ap]ture oval1 l>g] be=e1 ) edges disunit$2 op]culum calc>e\s1 oval1 oblong1 subspiral1 ! summit at "o extremity4 ,inhabits ! ,briti% coa/4 ,twelve species4 ,phasianella v>iegata4 ,p4 rub5s4 ,p4 bulimoides4 ,p4 elegans4 ,p4 l9eata4 ,p4 nebulosa4 ,p4 sulcata4 ,p4 angulif]a4 ,p4 l9eolata4 ,p4 p]dix4 ,p4 ,mauritania4 ,p4 ,p]uviana4 #g4 ,g5us ,turritella4 ,pl4 ,,xi4 ,animal4 ,spiral2 foot fr+$ ant]iorly by a transv]sely wr9kl$ b&2 t5tacula long1 v f9e t[>ds _! extremity1 some:at ?ick at _! base1 & hav+ ! eyes ^u an inflation2 ! head skirt$ ) a veil or fr+e g>ni%$ ) filam5ts4 ,%ell4 ,turret$1 n nacr$1 r ?91 /riat$ 9 ! direction ( ! decurr5ce ( ! spire2 v po9t$1 & ) num]\s :orls2 ap]ture r\nd$2 ! edges po/]iorly1 ! "r exce$+ly ?91 & slightly s9u\s t[>ds ! middle2 op]culum horny4 ,inhabits ! ,indian & ,am]ican ,oceans4 ,tw5ty-"o liv+ species4 ,?irty-sev5 fossil4 ,turritella duplicata4 ,t4 imbricata4 ,t4 t]ebra4 ,t4 replicata4 ,t4 fuscata4 ,t4 brevialis4 ,t4 trisulcata4 ,t4 c>9if]a4 ,t4 cornea4 ,t4 bic+ulata4 ,t4 exoleta4 ,t4 ,au/ralis4 ,t4 ,virg9iana499 ,t4 alt]nata499 ,t4 impressa499 ,t4 concava499 ,t4 saturalis499 ,t4 equalis499 ,t4 erosa499 ,t4 reticulata499 ,t4 bisuturalis499 #h4 ,g5us ,rotella4 ,pl4 ,,xi4 ,animal4 ,see ,turbo4 ,%ell4 ,orbicul>1 glossy1 de/itute ( epid]mis2 spire %ort1 subconic2 l[] p>ts convex & call\s2 ap]ture half r\nd4 ,indian ,ocean4 ,sev5 species4 ,rotella l9eolata4 ,r4 ,javanica4 ,r4 rosea4 ,r4 =mosa4 ,r4 saturalis4 ,r4 equalis4 ,r4 monolif]a4 ,,family ,,xvii4 ,,canalif]a4 ,elev5 g5]a4 #a4 ,g5us ,c]i?ium4 ,pl4 ,,xi4 ,animal4 ,mu* elongat$2 ! mantle prolong$ into a canal at its left side1 b )\t a di/9ct tube2 ! foot %ort1 oval1 ) an ant]ior m>g9al furr[2 ! head t]m9at$ by a depress$ proboscidi=m muzzle4 ,%ell4 ,m or less turriculat$ & tub]cul\s2 ap]ture small1 oval1 & oblique2 ! columell> edge mu* excavat$ & call\s1 ! "r edge tr5*ant1 & slightly dilat+ ) age4 ,op]culum horny1 oval1 r\nd1 subspiral1 & /riat$1 ^u ! ext]nal face4 ,!y are f\nd 9 almo/ e sea4 ,=ty-five liv+ species4 ,sixty fossil4 ,c]i?ium palu/re4 ,c4 telescopium4 ,c4 nodulosum4 ,c4 obeliscum4 ,c4 aluco4 ,c4 giganteum4 ,c4 sulcatum4 ,c4 eb59um4 ,c4 vulgatum4 ,c4 granulatum4 ,c4 e*9atum4 ,c4 subulatum4 ,c4 zonale4 ,c4 tortulosum4 ,c4 morus4 ,c4 ery?ron5se4 ,c4 radula4 ,c4 decollatum4 ,c4 semigranosum4 ,c4 l9eatum4 ,c4 fasciatum4 ,c4 muricatum4 ,c4 crassum4 ,c4 obtusum4 ,c4 asp]um4 ,c4 v]tagum4 ,c4 lit]atum4 ,c4 het]oclites4 ,c4 semif]rug9eum4 ,c4 tub]culatum4 ,c4 ocellatum4 ,c4 atratum4 ,c4 eburneum4 ,c4 lima4 ,c4 zonatum4 ,c4 rugosum4 ,c4 mitri=me4 ,c4 punctatum4 ,c4 p]v]sum4 ,c4 petrosum4 ,c4 exasp]atum499 ,c4 dislocatum499 ,c4 ,em]sonii499 ,c4 ,nigroc9ctum499 ,c4 ,gre5ii499 #b4 ,g5us ,pleurotoma4 ,pl4 ,,xi4 ,animal4 ,body oval1 spiral above1 envelop$ 9 a mantle ( :i* ! "r edge is furni%$ ) lobes2 foot oval & some:at %ort2 eyes situat$ at ! ext]nal base ( long1 conical1 retractile t5tacula2 m\? hav+ a long ext5sible proboscis arm$ ) hook$ tee?2 organs ( respiration =m$ by two unequal bran*i4 ,%ell4 ,fusi=m1 a little wr9kl$1 ) a turriculat$ spire2 a small oval ap]ture1 t]m9at$ by a /raight canal m or less long1 ) ! "r edge tr5*ant2 a horny op]culum4 ,di/+ui%$ f ! ,c]i?ium by hav+ a not* 9 ! m>g94 ,tw5ty-n9e liv+ species4 ,?irty fossil4 ,pleurotoma muricata4 ,p4 e*9ata4 ,p4 flavidula4 ,p4 imp]ialis4 ,p4 auriculif]a4 ,p4 spirata4 ,p4 bim>g9ata4 ,p4 c+ulif]a4 ,p4 ,babylonia4 ,p4 m>morata4 ,p4 crispa4 ,p4 nodif]a4 ,p4 maculata4 ,p4 int]rupta4 ,p4 c9cta4 ,p4 cr5ul>is4 ,p4 unizonalis4 ,p4 l9eata4 ,p4 fascialis4 ,p4 bucc9oides4 ,p4 virgo4 ,p4 undosa4 ,p4 tigr9a4 ,p4 alb9a4 ,p4 mitra4 ,p4 elegans4 ,p4 curviro/ris4 ,p4 decussata499 ,p4 bic>9ata499 #c4 ,g5us ,turb9ella4 ,pl4 ,,xi4 ,animal4 ,imp]fectly kn[n4 ,%ell4 ,usually turb9at$ 7b sometimes turriculat$71 wr9kl$1 ?ick2 spire slightly v>iable 9 =m2 ap]ture elongat$1 t]m9at$ by a /raight canal1 & (t5 r %ort2 ! left edge ne>ly /raight & =m$ by a callosity conceal+ ! columella1 :i* has two or ?ree ne>ly transv]se & unequal folds2 ! "r edge entire & tr5*ant4 ,f\nd 9 ! ,equatorial or ,au/ralian seas4 ,tw5ty-?ree species4 ,turb9ella scolymus4 ,t4 napus4 ,t4 pugill>is4 ,t4 rapa4 ,t4 pyrum4 ,t4 leucozonalis4 ,t4 c+ulif]a4 ,t4 mitis4 ,t4 infundibulum4 ,t4 l9eata4 ,t4 tris]ialis4 ,t4 ocellata4 ,t4 ru/ica4 ,t4 polygonia4 ,t4 c>9if]a4 ,t4 rh9oc]os4 ,t4 cornig]a4 ,t4 c]amica4 ,t4 capitella4 ,t4 globulus4 ,t4 craticulata4 ,t4 nassatula4 ,t4 v>iol>is4 #d4 ,g5us ,cancell>ia4 ,pl4 ,,xi4 ,animal4 ,see ,purpura1 h]eaft]4 ,%ell4 ,oval or globul>1 wr9kl$2 spire middl+ & po9t$2 ap]ture wide1 ovate1 groov$1 & sometimes canaliculat$ ant]iorly2 ! "r edge concave & tr5*ant2 ! left ne>ly /raight & m>k$ 9 ! middle ) two or ?ree folds2 op]culum horny4 ,inhabits ! ,indian ,ocean4 ,"o species only is f\nd 9 ,am]ica4 ,=ty-n9e liv+ species4 ,tw5ty fossil4 ,cancell>ia crispa4 ,c4 co/if]a4 ,c4 articul>is4 ,c4 brevis4 ,c4 pusilla4 ,c4 bullata4 ,c4 tub]culosa4 ,c4 pul*ra4 ,c4 cancellata4 ,c4 similis4 ,c4 *ryso/oma4 ,c4 rugosa4 ,c4 hma/oma4 ,c4 rigida4 ,c4 co/ata4 ,c4 gonio/oma4 ,c4 trigono/oma4 ,c4 levigata4 ,c4 spirata4 ,c4 obliquata4 ,c4 scalata4 ,c4 contabulata4 ,c4 cr5if]a4 ,c4 scal>9a4 ,c4 littor9i=mis4 ,c4 elegans4 ,c4 asp]ella4 ,c4 oblonga4 ,c4 tesselata4 ,c4 nodulif]a4 ,c4 cassidi=mis4 ,c4 ,au/ralis4 ,c4 reticulata4 ,c4 c&ida4 ,c4 ovata4 ,c4 ,obesa4 ,c4 acum9ata4 ,c4 solida4 ,c4 gemmulata4 ,c4 decussata4 ,c4 ind5tata4 ,c4 alba4 ,c4 clavatula4 ,c4 uniplicata4 ,c4 mitri=mis4 ,c4 tritonis4 ,c4 granosa4 ,c4 piscatoria4 ,c4 bucc9oides499 #e4 ,g5us ,fasciol>ia4 ,pl4 ,,xi4 ,animal4 ,entirely unkn[n4 ,%ell4 ,sep>at$ f ! ,murex on acc\nt ( hav+ no v>ix fusi=m or subfusi=m2 spire middl+2 ap]ture oval1 elongat$1 ne>ly symmetrical1 t]m9at$ by a r long1 /raight tube1 ! ext]nal edge tr5*ant1 ! columell> edge hav+ two or ?ree oblique folds4 ,inhabits ! ,indian ,ocean & ,m$it]ranean ,sea4 ,eight liv+ species4 ,sev5 fossil4 ,fasciol>ia trapezium4 ,f4 aurantica4 ,f4 filam5tosa4 ,f4 coronata4 ,f4 f]rug9ea4 ,f4 t>5t9a4 ,f4 tulipa4 ,f4 di/ans4 #f4 ,g5us ,fusus4 ,pl4 ,,xi4 ,animal4 ,entirely unkn[n4 ,%ell4 ,) an epid]mis1 wr9kl$1 fusi=m or dilat$ 9 ! middle1 prolong$ po/]iorly by ! spire1 & /ill m s ant]iorly by ! canal2 ap]ture oval2 ! columell> edge /raight or ne>ly s1 ! ext]ior tr5*ant2 a horny & oval op]culum4 ,inhabits ! ,indian & ,am]ican seas4 ,=ty-six liv+ species4 ,?irty-sev5 fossil4 ,fusus aculei=mis4 ,f4 contr>ius4 ,f4 longissimus4 ,f4 latico/a4 ,f4 collosseus4 ,f4 tub]culatus4 ,f4 di/ans4 ,f4 incrassatus4 ,f4 sulcatus4 ,f4 despectus4 ,f4 proboscidif]us4 ,f4 morio4 ,f4 co*lidium4 ,f4 raphanus4 ,f4 polygonoides4 ,f4 lign>ius4 ,f4 /rigosus4 ,f4 crebrico/atus4 ,f4 colus4 ,f4 ,nicob>icus4 ,f4 tortulosus4 ,f4 multic>9atus4 ,f4 antiquirus4 ,f4 c>9atus4 ,f4 ,isl&icus4 ,f4 coronatus4 ,f4 corona4 ,f4 filosus4 ,f4 v]ruculatus4 ,f4 ,syracusanus4 ,f4 v>ius4 ,f4 af]4 ,f4 rub5s4 ,f4 ,nifat4 ,f4 bucc9atus4 ,f4 scal>9us4 ,f4 curviro/ris4 ,f4 incon/ans4 ,f4 s9i/ralis4 ,f4 articulatus4 ,f4 pleurotom>ius499 ,f4 h>pul>is499 ,f4 c9]eus499 ,f4 fluviatilis499 ,f4 decemco/atus499 ,f4 bicolor499 #g4 ,g5us ,pyrula4 ,pl4 ,,xi4 ,animal4 ,unkn[n4 ,%ell4 ,pyri=m on acc\nt ( ! depression ( ! spire1 :i* di/+ui%es x f ! ,fusus2 ! canal conical1 v long or middl+1 sometimes a little slop$2 ap]ture oval1 r l>ge2 ! columella edge some:at excavat$1 entire & tr5*ant2 an op]culum4 ,f\nd 9 ! ,nor!rn & ,am]ican seas4 ,tw5ty-n9e liv+ species4 ,six fossil4 ,pyrula salmo4 ,p4 c>ica4 ,p4 c&elabrum4 ,p4 tuba4 ,p4 melong5a4 ,p4 ficus4 ,p4 spirata4 ,p4 elongata4 ,p4 bezo>4 ,p4 angulata4 ,p4 nodosa4 ,p4 abbreviata4 ,p4 de=mis4 ,p4 l9eata4 ,p4 plicata4 ,p4 canaliculata4 ,p4 p]v]sa4 ,p4 bucephala4 ,p4 vesp]tilio4 ,p4 reticulata4 ,p4 ficoides4 ,p4 spirillus4 ,p4 t]natana4 ,p4 rapa4 ,p4 galeodes4 ,p4 squamosa4 ,p4 citr9a4 ,p4 n]itoidea4 ,p4 papyracea499 #h4 ,g5us ,/ru?iol>ia4 ,pl4 ,,xi4 ,animal4 ,see ,triton1 h]eaft]4 ,%ell4 ,ovate2 spire prolong$2 ap]ture s9u\s1 t]m9at$ at ! base by a v %ort1 /raight canal3 columell> edge call\s2 "r edge hav+ a ?ick5$ v>ix4 ,inhabits ! ,m$it]ranean & ,nor!rn ,seas4 ,two species4 ,/ru?iol>ia nodulosa4 ,s4 cr5ulata4 #i4 ,g5us ,ranella4 ,pl4 ,,xi4 ,animal4 ,unkn[n4 ,%ell4 ,oval1 &1 z x 71 depress$ by ! pres]vation ( ea* side ( a longitud9al ?ick5$ b&2 ap]ture oval1 almo/ symmetrical by ! excavation ( ! columell> edge1 t]m9at+ ant]iorly by a %ort canal1 (t5 a little slop+2 a s9us at ! po/]ior junction ( ! two edges4 ,?is g5us =ms a di/9ct division betwe5 ! ,murex & ,/ru?iol>ia4 ,inhabits ! ,nor!rn & ,m$it]ranean ,seas4 ,"o species is f\nd 9 ,am]ica4 ,fifte5 liv+ species4 ,five fossil4 ,ranella gigantea4 ,r4 c&isata4 ,r4 ran9a4 ,r4 bufonia4 ,r4 granif]a4 ,r4 bitub]cul>is4 ,r4 anceps4 ,r4 leuco/oma4 ,r4 ,argus4 ,r4 sp9osa4 ,r4 granulata4 ,r4 semigranosa4 ,r4 crum5a4 ,r4 pygma4 ,r4 caudata994 #aj4 ,g5us ,murex4 ,pl4 ,,xi4 ,animal4 ,see ,pleurotoma1 above4 ,%ell4 ,usually oval2 ! spire b slightly elevat$1 r\gh5$ ) longitud9al1 transv]sal b&s or v>ices2 ap]ture small1 q oval1 & symmetrical by ! excavation ( ! left edge1 =m$ by a lam9a appli$ ^u ! columella1 t]m9at$ ant]iorly by a middl+ canal sometimes v long & clos$2 ! "r edge m or less furni%$ ) v>ices4 ,op]culum horny1 complete1 oval1 ne>ly circul>1 ) sub-conc5tric p>titions2 summit t]m9al4 ,?is g5us compreh5ds only su* %ells z h only ?ree or m v>ices on ea* :orl4 ,^! v>ices %[ h[ (t5 ! animal has increas$ ! size ( its %ell4 ,f4 9 all seas4 ,sev5ty-?ree liv+ species4 ,two fossil4 ,murex cornutus4 ,m4 t5uisp9a4 ,m4 t]nisp9a4 ,m4 motacilla4 ,m4 palm>os4 ,m4 adu/us4 ,m4 crevicornis4 ,m4 microphyllus4 ,m4 phylopt]us4 ,m4 trigonul>is4 ,m4 br&>is4 ,m4 r>isp9a4 ,m4 hau/ellum4 ,m4 inflatus4 ,m4 brevifrons4 ,m4 rufus4 ,m4 acaleatus4 ,m4 capuc9us4 ,m4 acan?opt]us4 ,m4 uc9>ius4 ,m4 crassisp9a4 ,m4 brevisp9a4 ,m4 t5uiro/rum4 ,m4 elongatus4 ,m4 calcitrassa4 ,m4 axicornis4 ,m4 longisp9a4 ,m4 asp]rimus4 ,m4 tript]us4 ,m4 hemitript]us4 ,m4 gibbosus4 ,m4 brassica4 ,m4 radix4 ,m4 scorpico4 ,m4 turb9atus4 ,m4 melonulus4 ,m4 er9aceus4 ,m4 co/ul>is4 ,m4 angul>is4 ,m4 c+ulatus4 ,m4 torosus4 ,m4 gran>ius4 ,m4 aciculatus4 ,m4 f]rugo4 ,m4 p9natus4 ,m4 triquet]4 ,m4 saxatilis4 ,m4 melanoma?os4 ,m4 secundus4 ,m4 trunculus4 ,m4 ,magellanicus4 ,m4 t>5t9us4 ,m4 polygonulus4 ,m4 crispatus4 ,m4 c+ulif]us4 ,m4 lyratus4 ,m4 fimbriatus4 ,m4 regius4 ,m4 funiculus4 ,m4 pictus4 ,m4 trigonulus4 ,m4 endivia4 ,m4 hexagonus4 ,m4 quadrifrons4 ,m4 angulif]us4 ,m4 lamellosus4 ,m4 scab]4 ,m4 vitul9us4 ,m4 f5e/ratus4 ,m4 subc>9atus4 ,m4 concat5atus4 ,m4 pul*ellus4 ,m4 cri/ata4 ,m4 lubiosus4 #aa4 ,g5us ,triton4 ,pl4 ,,xi4 ,animal4 ,z above4 ,%ell4 ,oval ) /raight spire & canal1 middl+ g5]ally wr9kl$1 furni%$ ) v>ices1 r>e1 scatt]$1 & pres]v$ 9 longitud9al r[s2 ap]ture suboval1 elongat$1 t]m9at$ by a %ort op5 canal2 ! columell> edge less excavat$ ?an ! "r & cov]$ by a callosity2 op]culum horny1 oval1 r\nd1 & r l>ge4 ,f\nd 9 ! ,nor!rn & ,m$it]ranean seas4 ,?irty-"o liv+ species4 ,?ree fossil4 ,triton v>iegatum4 ,t4 lampas4 ,t4 corrugatum4 ,t4 lotorium4 ,t4 cynocephalum4 ,t4 retusum4 ,t4 vespaceum4 ,t4 cla?ratum4 ,t4 maculosum4 ,t4 cutaceum4 ,t4 undosum4 ,t4 nodif]um4 ,t4 scorbiculator4 ,t4 succ9ctum4 ,t4 femorale4 ,t4 tripus4 ,t4 clavator4 ,t4 *loro/omum4 ,t4 subdi/ortum4 ,t4 cl&e/9um4 ,t4 dol>ium4 ,t4 au/rale4 ,t4 ,spl5gl]i4 ,t4 pile>e4 ,t4 pigrum4 ,t4 canalif]um4 ,t4 tub]osum4 ,t4 anus4 ,t4 cancellatum4 ,t4 rubecula4 ,t4 tranqueb>icum4 ,,family ,,xviii4 ,,alata4 ,?ree g5]a4 #a4 ,g5us ,ro/ell>ia4 ,pl4 ,,xi4 ,animal4 ,entirely unkn[n4 ,%ell4 ,subdepress$1 turriculat$1 ) a produc$ & po9t$ spire2 ap]ture oval on acc\nt ( a r l>ge excavation ( ! columell> edge1 ! "r m>g9 dilat+ ) age & hav+ a s9us contigu\s to ! po9t$ canal :i* t]m9ates ! %ell2 an op]culum4 ,?is g5us is di/+ui%$ f ! ,/rombus by hav+ a s9us 9 ! l[] "p ( ! "r m>g9 contigu\s to ! canal4 ,inhabits ! ,european seas2 f\r liv+ species4 ,?ree fossil4 ,ro/ell>ia curviro/ris4 ,r4 rectiro/ris4 ,r4 pespelicani4 ,r4 cancellata4 #b4 ,g5us ,pt]oc]as4 ,pl4 ,,xii4 ,animal4 ,see ,/rombus1 bel[4 ,%ell4 ,oblong-ovate2 canal elongat$1 att5uat$ & (t5 clos$2 "r m>g9 dilat+ by age into an exp&$ digitat$ w+1 atta*$ to & cov]+ a %ort spire ) a s9us 9 ! l[] "p n contigu\s to ! body4 ,di/+ui%$ f ! ,/rombus by n hav+ ! canal at ! base %ort5$ or truncat$1 & f ! ,ro/ell>ia by hav+ ! s9us ( ! "r m>g9 di/ant f ! body4 ,f\nd 9 ! ,equatorial seas4 ,sev5 species4 ,five fossil4 ,pt]oc]as truncata4 ,p4 lambio4 ,p4 scorpio4 ,p4 *iragra4 ,p4 millep$a4 ,p4 pseudoscorpia4 ,p4 aurantia4 #c4 ,g5us ,/rombus4 ,pl4 ,,xii4 ,animal4 ,spiral2 ! foot r wide ant]iorly1 compress$ po/]iorly2 mantle ?91 =m+ a prolong$ fold ant]iorly1 :5ce issues a sort ( canal2 head v di/9ct2 m\? a v]tical slit at ! extremity ( a proboscis1 provid$ 9 ! inf]ior m$ian l9e ) a l+ual b& hav+ prickles flex$ po/]iorly2 t5tacul> app5dages cyl9drical1 ?ick1 & long1 ) ! eyes at _! extremity4 ,%ell4 ,?ick1 sub9volute1 dilat$ 9 ! middle1 t]m9at+ 9 a cone ant]iorly & po/]iorly2 ap]ture v long & n>r[2 t]m9at$ ant]iorly by a canal m or less elongat$ & flex$2 edges p>allel1 ! ext]nal dilat+ ) age1 pres5t+ po/]iorly a gutt] at its po9t ( atta*m5t ) ! spire1 &1 ant]iorly1 a s9us beh9d ! canal1 ?r\gh :i* ! head ( ! animal passes2 op]culum horny1 long1 & n>r[2 summit t]m9al4 ,f\nd 9 ! ,indian & ,equatorial seas1 & "o species 9 ,florida4 ,?irty-two liv+ species4 ,five fossil4 ,/rombus gigas4 ,s4 latissimus4 ,s4 ,can>ium4 ,s4 vittatus4 ,s4 gallus4 ,s4 cri/atus4 ,s4 bubonius4 ,s4 auris-,dian4 ,s4 pyrulatus4 ,s4 ,luhuanus4 ,s4 colomba4 ,s4 troglodytes4 ,s4 urceus4 ,s4 l9eatus4 ,s4 turritus4 ,s4 accipitrimus4 ,s4 tricornis4 ,s4 ,isabella4 ,s4 epidromis4 ,s4 bitub]culatus4 ,s4 dilatus4 ,s4 l5tig9osus4 ,s4 pugilis4 ,s4 gibb]ulus4 ,s4 ,mauritianus4 ,s4 succ9ctus4 ,s4 trid5tatus4 ,s4 plicatus4 ,s4 papilio4 ,s4 m>g9atus4 ,s4 cancellatus4 ,s4 ,floridus499 ,,family ,,xix4 ,,purpurif]a4 ,elev5 g5]a4 #a4 ,g5us ,cassid>ia4 ,pl4 ,,xii4 ,animal4 ,some:at elongat$1 wid5$ ant]iorly2 mantle ) simple edges & provid$ ) a di/9ct tube2 foot v wide1 elliptical1 sub-biolate ant]iorly1 & hav+ a l>ge op]culum ^u ! dorsal face ( its po/]ior "p2 head wide & indi/9ct2 t5tacula ant]ior1 approximat+ at base1 subcyl9drical1 & hav+ ! eyes at two-?irds ( _! l5g?2 m\? inf]ior1 conceal$ by ! foot2 two pect9i=m bran*i1 ne>ly p>allel4 ,%ell4 ,subglobul>1 tub]culat$ or *annel$1 ) a %ort1 po9t$ spire2 ap]ture long1 ovate1 subcanaliculat$ ant]iorly2 "r edge fold$ back2 columella cov]$ by a wide1 smoo? callosity1 unit+ po/]iorly ) ! "r edge4 ,inhabits all seas except ! ,nor!rn4 ,five liv+ species4 ,sev5 fossil4 ,cassid>ia e*9ophora4 ,c4 ,tyrrh5a4 ,c4 /riata4 ,c4 oniscus4 ,c4 c+ulata4 #b4 ,g5us ,cassis4 ,pl4 ,,xii4 ,animal4 ,spiral1 ) ! foot 7:i* is %ort] ?an ! %ell7 r\nd$ ant]iorly2 mantle provid$1 be=e ! respiratory cavity1 ) a long op5 canal1 us$ z an organ ( preh5sion2 head furni%$2 a s+le pair ( blacki% t5tacula1 hav+ ! eyes at an inflation ab\t half way f ! base2 m\? arm$ ) a proboscis4 ,%ell4 ,inflat$1 oval1 sub9volute2 spire slightly project+2 ap]ture long1 oval1 sometimes v n>r[1 t]m9at$ ant]iorly by a v %ort canal1 slop$1 & flex$ obliquely t[>ds ! back2 columella cov]$ by a l>ge callosity1 ind5t$ ?r\gh\t its l5g?2 op]culum horny4 ,f\nd 9 ! ,indian1 ,m$it]ranean1 & ,equatorial seas4 ,tw5ty-five liv+ species4 ,eight fossil4 ,cassis cornuta4 ,c4 flammea4 ,c4 rufa4 ,c4 a*at9a4 ,c4 areola4 ,c4 abbreviata4 ,c4 saburon4 ,c4 ,ceylonica4 ,c4 er9aceus4 ,c4 tub]osa4 ,c4 fasc9ata4 ,c4 p5nata4 ,c4 crum5a4 ,c4 zebra4 ,c4 sulcosa4 ,c4 canaliculata4 ,c4 semigranosa4 ,c4 ,madagasc>i5sis4 ,c4 glauca4 ,c4 te/iculus4 ,c4 plic>ia4 ,c4 decussata4 ,c4 granulosa4 ,c4 pyrum4 ,c4 vibex4 #c4 ,g5us ,ric9ula4 ,pl4 ,,xii4 ,animal4 ,z above4 ,%ell4 ,oval or subglobul>1 ?ick1 arm$ ) po9ts & ) a depress$ spire2 ap]ture n>r[1 elongat$1 not*$1 sometimes canaliculat$ ant]iorly & digitat$ ext]iorly2 left edge m or less call\s2 op]culum horny1 oval1 & transv]se4 ,f\nd 9 ! ,indian seas4 ,n9e liv+ species4 ,ric9ula horrida4 ,r4 ara*noidea4 ,r4 digitata4 ,r4 asp]a4 ,r4 cla?rata4 ,r4 miticula4 ,r4 pisol9a4 ,r4 morus4 ,r4 mutica4 #d4 ,g5us ,purpura4 ,pl4 ,,xii4 ,animal4 ,z above4 ,%ell4 ,oval1 tub]culat$1 ?ick2 spire %ort1 ! la/ :orl mu* l>g] ?an all ! o!rs unit$2 ap]ture oval1 greatly dilat$1 t]m9at$ ant]iorly by a %ort1 oblique canal not*$ at ! extremity2 ! columell> edge ne>ly /raight1 cov]$ ) a callosity2 op]culum horny1 flat1 ne>ly semicircul>1 ) fa9tly m>k$ transv]se /ri4 ,f\nd 9 ! ,european & ,s\? ,am]ican seas4 ,sixty-two species4 ,purpura ,p]sica4 ,p4 columell>ia4 ,p4 armig]a4 ,p4 undata4 ,p4 bufo4 ,p4 planospira4 ,p4 c>9if]a4 ,p4 squamosa4 ,p4 s]tum4 ,p4 ligata4 ,p4 imbricata4 ,p4 bico/alis4 ,p4 ?i>ella4 ,p4 e*9ulata4 ,p4 unifascialis4 ,p4 clavus4 ,p4 bizonalis4 ,p4 ,francol9us4 ,p4 cru5tata4 ,p4 lag5>ia4 ,p4 plicata4 ,p4 ru/ica4 ,p4 hy/rix4 ,p4 retusa4 ,p4 fasciol>is4 ,p4 nucleus4 ,p4 subro/rata4 ,p4 patula4 ,p4 consul4 ,p4 hippoca/ana4 ,p4 manc9ella4 ,p4 n]itoides4 ,p4 coronata4 ,p4 sacella4 ,p4 bulbus4 ,p4 c>iosa4 ,p4 ,rudolphi4 ,p4 succ9cta4 ,p4 bitub]cul>is4 ,p4 hma/oma4 ,p4 callosa4 ,p4 callif]a4 ,p4 scal>i=mis4 ,p4 rugosa4 ,p4 textilosa4 ,p4 lambosa4 ,p4 lapillus4 ,p4 cat]acta4 ,p4 fiscella4 ,p4 semi-imbricata4 ,p4 deltoides4 ,p4 tro*lea4 ,p4 vexillum4 ,p4 di/orta4 ,p4 tectum4 ,p4 engonata499 ,p4 brevid5s499 ,p4 lapilloidis499 ,p4 h>pa499 ,p4 ,floridana499 ,p4 dumosa499 ,p4 macro/oma499 #e4 ,g5us ,monoc]os4 ,pl4 ,,xii4 ,animal4 ,z above4 ,%ell4 ,diff]s only f ! ,purpura by a long1 conical po9t$1 some:at reflex$ too? 9 ! out] lip4 ,five species4 ,monoc]os c+ulatum4 ,m4 imbricatum4 ,m4 /riatum4 ,m4 glabratum4 ,m4 crassilabrum4 #f4 ,g5us ,con*olepas4 ,pl4 ,,xii4 ,animal4 ,entirely unkn[n4 ,%ell4 ,wide1 r\gh1 ovate2 spire v %ort2 ap]ture v l>ge1 oval & slop$ ant]iorly2 ! edges unit$1 ! "r v ?ick & d5tat$2 muscul> impression almo/ 9 =m ( a horse-%oe2 op]culum horny & rudim5t>y4 ,x 0 =m]ly consid]$ a ,patella1 f :i* x diff]s by ! op]culum4 ,"o species4 ,con*olepas ,p]uvianus4 #g4 ,g5us ,h>pa4 ,pl4 ,,xii4 ,animal4 ,unkn[n4 ,%ell4 ,oval1 inflat$1 r ?91 ) longitud9al p>allel ribs1 =m$ by ! pres]vation ( ! b& ( ! "r m>g92 ! spire v %ort & po9t$1 ! la/ :orl mu* long] ?an all ! o!rs toge!r2 ap]ture l>ge1 ovate1 ) a wide slope ant]iorly2 ! "r edge mu* holl[$1 & ?ick5$ outw>dly2 ! columella smoo? & t]m9at$ 9 a po9t ant]iorly4 ,a beautiful g5us4 ,f\nd 9 ! ,indian ,ocean4 ,n9e species4 ,h>pa imp]ialis4 ,h4 v5tricosa4 ,h4 conoidalis4 ,h4 m9or4 ,h4 nobilis4 ,h4 articul>is4 ,h4 rosea4 ,h4 /riata4 ,h4 mutica4 #h4 ,g5us ,dolium4 ,pl4 ,,xii4 ,animal4 ,z 9 ,purpura4 ,%ell4 ,subglobul>1 ?91 surr\nd$ by decurr5t flut+s2 spire v %ort1 ! la/ :orl mu* l>g] ?an all ! o!rs toge!r2 ap]ture oblong1 v l>ge1 on acc\nt ( ! great excavation ( ! "r edge1 :i* is cr5at$ ?r\gh\t its l5g?2 columella twi/$4 ,f\nd 9 ! ,indian ,ocean & ,m$it]ranean seas4 ,sev5 species4 ,dolium galea4 ,d4 fasciatum4 ,d4 pomum4 ,d4 v>iegatum4 ,d4 p]dix4 ,d4 ole>ium4 ,d4 maculatum4 #i4 ,g5us ,bucc9um4 ,pl4 ,,xii4 ,animal4 ,see ,purpura4 ,%ell4 ,) a light epid]mis1 oval1 elongat$2 ! spire mod]ately elevat$2 ap]ture oblong1 oval1 not*$1 sometimes subcanaliculat$ ant]iorly2 "r edge ?ick1 n reflex$2 columella simple & dilat$ sup]iorly2 op]culum horny1 complete1 & oval4 ,f\nd 9 all seas4 ,sixty-six liv+4 ,f\rte5 fossil4 ,bucc9um undatum4 ,b4 papyraceum4 ,b4 t5niplicatum4 ,b4 levigatum4 ,b4 cr5ulatum4 ,b4 l9eatum4 ,b4 maculosum4 ,b4 mutabile4 ,b4 v5tricosum4 ,b4 fasciatum4 ,b4 arcul>ia4 ,b4 paup]atum4 ,b4 a*at9um4 ,b4 olivaceum4 ,b4 ,brazilianum4 ,b4 v9osum4 ,b4 ,ascanias4 ,b4 aciculatum4 ,b4 glaciale4 ,b4 annulatum4 ,b4 reticulatum4 ,b4 fuscatum4 ,b4 politum4 ,b4 inflatum4 ,b4 gemmulatum4 ,b4 miga4 ,b4 coronatum4 ,b4 n]iteum4 ,b4 glans4 ,b4 canaliculatum4 ,b4 semiconvexum4 ,b4 corniculatum4 ,b4 ,anglicanum4 ,b4 lvissimum4 ,b4 ,tranqueb>icum4 ,b4 l9eolatum4 ,b4 suturale4 ,b4 retusum4 ,b4 ,corom&elianum4 ,b4 lyratum4 ,b4 ,!rsites4 ,b4 te/ud9eum4 ,b4 papillosum4 ,b4 tric>9atum4 ,b4 fasciolatum4 ,b4 subsp9osum4 ,b4 flexuosum4 ,b4 crib>ium4 ,b4 grana4 ,b4 zebra4 ,b4 aurantium4 ,b4 gibbolusum4 ,b4 m>g9ulatum4 ,b4 cocc9ella4 ,b4 d]me/oideum4 ,b4 p$icul>e4 ,b4 pullus4 ,b4 polygonatum4 ,b4 ornatum499 ,b4 trivittata499 ,b4 acuta499 ,b4 alba499 ,b4 vibex499 ,b4 obsoleta499 ,b4 unic9cta499 ,b4 lunata499 #aj4 ,g5us ,eburna4 ,pl4 ,,xii4 ,animal4 ,entirely unkn[n4 ,%ell4 ,oval or elongat$1 smoo?2 spire po9t$1 its :orls z if s(t5$ (f2 ap]ture ovate1 elongat$1 widely not*$ ant]iorly2 ! "r m>g9 entire2 columella call\s po/]iorly1 umbilicat$1 & subcanaliculat$ at its left side2 an op]culum4 ,f\nd 9 ! ,indian & ,s\? ,am]ican seas4 ,five species4 ,eburna glabrata4 ,e4 ,ceylonica4 ,e4 spirata4 ,e4 areolata4 ,e4 lutosa4 #aa4 ,g5us ,t]ebra4 ,pl4 ,,xii4 ,animal4 ,spiral & high2 foot oval ) a transv]se ant]ior furr[1 & two lat]al auricles2 head bord]$ ) a small fr+e2 t5tacula cyl9drical1 t]m9at+ 9 a po9t & v di/ant2 eyes indi/9ct1 situat$ at ! foot1 & at ! ext]nal side ( ! t5tacula2 m\? )\t proboscis2 tube ( ! respiratory cavity v long4 ,%ell4 ,)\t epid]mis1 ovate1 ) a po9t$ spire1 l[1 or subturriculat$2 ap]ture wide1 oval1 ) a /rong slope ant]iorly2 l[] end ( ! columella twi/$4 ,f\nd 9 tropical seas4 ,tw5ty-f\r species4 ,t]ebra macalata4 ,t4 cr5ulata4 ,t4 dimidiata4 ,t4 raphanula4 ,t4 musc>ia4 ,t4 flammea4 ,t4 /riatula4 ,t4 *lorata4 ,t4 c]i?9a4 ,t4 subulata4 ,t4 oculata4 ,t4 ,babylonica4 ,t4 ,s5egal5sis4 ,t4 c+ulif]a4 ,t4 scabrella4 ,t4 lanceata4 ,t4 granulosa4 ,t4 duplicata4 ,t4 corrugata4 ,t4 crulesc5s4 ,t4 myuros4 ,t4 /rigilata4 ,t4 acicul9a4 ,t4 vittata4 ,,family ,,xx4 ,,columell>ia4 ,five g5]a4 #a4 ,g5us ,columbella4 ,pl4 ,,xii4 ,animal4 ,imp]fectly kn[n2 eyes plac$ mu* bel[ ! middle ( ! t5tacula4 ,%ell4 ,?ick1 turb9at$1 ) a %ort obtuse spire2 ap]ture n>r[1 elongat$ & t]m9at$ by a v %ort canal1 n>r[$ by an inflation at ! inn] side ( ! "r edge1 & by "s folds on ! columella2 a v small horny op]culum4 ,inhabits ! ,indian & ,am]ican seas4 ,tw5ty species4 ,columbella ru/ica4 ,c4 ,hebra4 ,c4 semipunctata4 ,c4 reticulata4 ,c4 /rombi=mis4 ,c4 m]catoria4 ,c4 flavida4 ,c4 bizonalis4 ,c4 turtur9a4 ,c4 p>dal9a4 ,c4 ovulata4 ,c4 zonalis4 ,c4 m5dic>ia4 ,c4 punctata4 ,c4 scripta4 ,c4 nitida4 ,c4 fulgurans4 ,c4 unifascialis4 ,c4 labiosa499 ,c4 av>a499 #b4 ,g5us ,mitra4 ,pl4 ,,xii4 ,animal4 ,entirely unkn[n4 ,%ell4 ,turriculat$1 subfusi=m & oval2 spire always po9t$ at ! summit2 ap]ture small1 triangul>1 wide/ ant]iorly :]e x is /rongly em>g9at$2 ext]nal edge tr5*ant1 ne>ly /raight1 always long] ?an ! columella1 :i* is =m$ by a v ?9 callosity1 & m>k$ ) oblique p>allel folds1 ! ant]ior ( :i* are ! %orte/2 no op]culum4 ,inhabits ! ,*9ese seas4 ,eighty species4 ,mitra papalis4 ,m4 puncticulata4 ,m4 c>d9alis4 ,m4 v]sicolor4 ,m4 p$icula4 ,m4 cornicul>is4 ,m4 /riatula4 ,m4 cornea4 ,m4 melaniana4 ,m4 episcopalis4 ,m4 pontificalis4 ,m4 crocata4 ,m4 nexilis4 ,m4 scabr9scrula4 ,m4 cr5if]a4 ,m4 tniata4 ,m4 corrugata4 ,m4 lyrata4 ,m4 c9ctella4 ,m4 ,caffra4 ,m4 /igmat>ia4 ,m4 fissurata4 ,m4 millepora4 ,m4 ar*iepiscopalis4 ,m4 sangu9ol5ta4 ,m4 lactea4 ,m4 lutesc5s4 ,m4 subulata4 ,m4 tr+a4 ,m4 f]rug9ea4 ,m4 adu/a4 ,m4 plic>ia4 ,m4 co/ell>is4 ,m4 melong5a4 ,m4 vulpecula4 ,m4 sanguisuga4 ,m4 filosa4 ,m4 ampliorella4 ,m4 patri>*alis4 ,m4 h>p=mis4 ,m4 ficul9a4 ,m4 conul>is4 ,m4 d]me/9a4 ,m4 dactylus4 ,m4 conulus4 ,m4 coronata4 ,m4 muriculata4 ,m4 semifasciata4 ,m4 nucleola4 ,m4 plumbea4 ,m4 granulif]a4 ,m4 clavula4 ,m4 ,p]onii4 ,m4 onisc9a4 ,m4 t]ebralis4 ,m4 granulosa4 ,m4 co/a4 ,m4 oliv>ia4 ,m4 granat9a4 ,m4 s]p5t9a4 ,m4 ar5osa4 ,m4 lit]ata4 ,m4 obliquata4 ,m4 scutulata4 ,m4 f5e/rata4 ,m4 texturata4 ,m4 limbif]a4 ,m4 paup]cula4 ,m4 torulosa4 ,m4 retusa4 ,m4 unifascialis4 ,m4 l>va4 ,m4 tabanula4 ,m4 cr5ulata4 ,m4 aurantiaca4 ,m4 cucum]9a4 ,m4 eb5a4 ,m4 microzonias4 ,m4 bacilla4 ,m4 pisol9a4 #c4 ,g5us ,voluta4 ,pl4 ,,xii4 ,animal4 ,oval1 involut$1 provid$ ) a v broad foot2 head v di/9ct2 t5tacula r %ort & triangul>2 eyes l>ge1 altoge!r sessile1 & situat$ a little po/]iorly2 a ?ick trunk furni%$ ) hook$ tee? at its extremity2 two pect9i=m bran*i4 ,%ell4 ,oval1 m or less v5tricose2 ! fir/ :orls ( ! spire r\nd$ into a teat2 ap]ture g5]ally mu* long] ?an wide & slop+ ant]iorly2 ! "r edge b5t outw>dly1 entire & s(t2 ! columell> edge g>ni%$ ) l>ge folds m or less oblique1 & slightly v>y+ 9 numb] ) age4 ,f\nd *iefly 9 ! seas ( ! ,torrid ,zone4 ,=ty-f\r species4 ,voluta nautica4 ,v4 armata4 ,v4 tesselata4 ,v4 cymbia4 ,v4 proboscidalis4 ,v4 diadema4 ,v4 ducalis4 ,v4 ,neptuni4 ,v4 olla4 ,v4 porc9a4 ,v4 pellis-s]p5tis4 ,v4 *loros9a4 ,v4 polyzonalis4 ,v4 magnifica4 ,v4 ,magellanica4 ,v4 fulm9ata4 ,v4 scapha4 ,v4 mitis4 ,v4 ,braziliana4 ,v4 ,gu9aica4 ,v4 undulata4 ,v4 fe/iva4 ,v4 ?iopica4 ,v4 imp]ialis4 ,v4 vesp]tilio4 ,v4 musica4 ,v4 levigata4 ,v4 nodulosa4 ,v4 ancilla4 ,v4 ,pacifica4 ,v4 ,junonia4 ,v4 melo4 ,v4 ,hebra4 ,v4 s]p5t9a4 ,v4 c>neolata4 ,v4 fulva4 ,v4 nuclea4 ,v4 ,lapponica4 ,v4 volvacea4 ,v4 mitr=mis4 ,v4 nivosa4 ,v4 ?i>ella4 ,v4 sulcata4 ,v4 vexilla4 #d4 ,g5us ,m>g9ella4 ,pl4 ,,xii4 ,animal4 ,oval1 involut$2 foot elliptical1 v l>ge1 & wide/ 9 front1 :]e its edge pres5ts a transv]se furr[2 head small1 di/9ct1 ) two long1 v %>p t5tacula1 ! eyes at ! ext]nal "p ( _! base2 m\? provid$ ) a trunk4 ,%ell4 ,smoo?1 poli%$1 oval-oblong1 a little conical1 ) a %ort mammelonat$ spire2 ap]ture some:at n>r[1 slightly oval on acc\nt ( a light curve ( ! "r edge1 :i* is dilat$ outw>dly2 ! columell> edge m>k$ ) ?ree oblique di/9ct folds4 ,inhabits ! ,indian ,ocean4 ,tw5ty-f\r liv+ species & n9e fossil1 accord+ to ,defrance4 ,m>g9ella radiata4 ,m4 limbata4 ,m4 lifasciata4 ,m4 d5tif]a4 ,m4 bullata4 ,m4 avellana4 ,m4 glabrella4 ,m4 qu9queplicata4 ,m4 rosea4 ,m4 faba4 ,m4 dactylus4 ,m4 cornea4 ,m4 nubeculata4 ,m4 aurantia4 ,m4 longiv>icosa4 ,m4 eburnea4 ,m4 p]sicula4 ,m4 tessellata4 ,m4 crulesc5s4 ,m4 biv>icosa4 ,m4 musc>ia4 ,m4 =micula4 ,m4 l9eata4 ,m4 int]rupta4 #e4 ,g5us ,volv>ia4 ,pl4 ,,xii4 ,animal4 ,z above4 ,%ell4 ,cyl9drical1 convolute2 spire obsolete or conceal$2 ap]ture n>r[1 ext5d+ ! :ole l5g? ( ! %ell1 ) "o or m folds on ! l[] portion ( ! columella4 ,inhabits ! ,indian ,ocean4 ,sev5 species4 ,volv>ia pallida4 ,v4 monilis4 ,v4 miliacea4 ,v4 triticea4 ,v4 oryza4 ,v4 bulloides4 ,v4 canaliculata4 ,,family ,,xxi4 ,,convoluta4 ,six g5]a4 #a4 ,g5us ,cypra4 ,pl4 ,,xii4 ,animal4 ,oval1 elongat$1 involute2 head provid$ ) two v long conical t5tacula2 eyes at ! extremity ( an inflation :i* =ms a "p ( !m2 a transv]se buccal orifice at ! extremity ( a k9d ( cavity1 at ! bottom ( :i* is ! true m\? betwe5 two ?ick v]tical lips2 a l+ual b&1 bri/l$ ) small tee?1 & prolong$ into ! abdom54 ,%ell4 ,oval1 convex1 v smoo?1 involute2 spire entirely po/]ior1 v small1 (t5 conceal$ by a calc>e\s lay] deposit$ by ! lobes ( ! mantle2 ap]ture longitud9al1 v n>r[1 slightly arcuat$1 z long z ! %ell1 & ) ! edges int]nally d5tat$1 & not*$ at ea* extremity4 ,inhabits ! ,w4 ,indian seas & ,s&wi* ,isl&s4 ,"o hundr$ & eighte5 species4 ,cypra pr9ceps4 ,c4 mappa4 ,c4 tigris4 ,c4 pan!r9a4 ,c4 mauritania4 ,c4 /]cor>ia4 ,c4 aurora4 ,c4 leucodon4 ,c4 sulcid5tata4 ,c4 ,arabica4 ,c4 lynx4 ,c4 vitellus4 ,c4 c>neola4 ,c4 c9]ea4 ,c4 ,reevi4 ,c4 obscurus4 ,c4 a*at9a4 ,c4 ar5osa4 ,c4 nivosa4 ,c4 ,brod]ipii4 ,c4 exan!ma4 ,c4 c]vus4 ,c4 te/ud9>ia4 ,c4 talpa4 ,c4 exu/a4 ,c4 argus4 ,c4 scurra4 ,c4 pul*ra4 ,c4 ,isabella4 ,c4 controv]sa4 ,c4 lurida4 ,c4 d$iculus4 ,c4 oryza4 ,c4 cocc9ella4 ,c4 ,au/ralis4 ,c4 ,*ildr9i4 ,c4 depaup>ata4 ,c4 sol&ri4 ,c4 ,cali=nica4 ,c4 suffusa4 ,c4 ,pacifica4 ,c4 p$iculus4 ,c4 nivea4 ,c4 oryxa4 ,c4 /]cus-musc>um4 ,c4 pulex4 ,c4 fusca4 ,c4 ,europea4 ,c4 sangu9ea4 ,c4 quadripunctata4 ,c4 rufesc5s4 ,c4 maug]i4 ,c4 ap]ta4 ,c4 ,adansonii4 ,c4 caput-s]p5tis4 ,c4 ,lam>*ii4 ,c4 ,cum+ii4 ,c4 ,goodalii4 ,c4 ,humphreysii4 ,c4 ,walk]i4 ,c4 ,li/]i4 ,c4 pul*ella4 ,c4 microdon4 ,c4 ,scottii4 ,c4 mus4 ,c4 tessellata4 ,c4 annulata4 ,c4 ,m>g>ita4 ,c4 cic]cula4 ,c4 globulus4 ,c4 /aphyla4 ,c4 tigr9a4 ,c4 c]9a4 ,c4 ,argus4 ,c4 hi/rio4 ,c4 alba4 ,c4 zonata4 ,c4 ict]9a4 ,c4 lota4 ,c4 ovulata4 ,c4 helvola4 ,c4 ,arabicula4 ,c4 pu/ulata4 ,c4 nucleus4 ,c4 limac9a4 ,c4 moneta4 ,c4 obvelata4 ,c4 annulus4 ,c4 radians4 ,c4 oniscus4 ,c4 pyri=mis4 ,c4 pip]ita4 ,c4 algo5sis4 ,c4 ed5tula4 ,c4 similis4 ,c4 fusco-d5tata4 ,c4 gangr5osa4 ,c4 bicallosa4 ,c4 por>ia4 ,c4 guttata4 ,c4 ,xan?odon4 ,c4 nigro-punctata4 ,c4 pallida4 ,c4 zigzag4 ,c4 moneta4 ,c4 aurantia4 ,c4 fimbriata4 ,c4 v>iol>ia4 ,c4 erosa4 ,c4 mili>is4 ,c4 ratta4 ,c4 asella4 ,c4 turda4 ,c4 adu/a4 ,c4 monili>is4 ,c4 ursella4 ,c4 hirundo4 ,c4 olivacea4 #b4 ,g5us ,ovula4 ,pl4 ,,xii4 ,animal4 ,z above4 ,%ell4 ,oblong1 convex1 di/+ui%$ f ! ,cypra by ! want ( a spire1 & by n hav+ tee? on ! columell> lip2 ! two extremities ( ! ap]ture not*$1 & m or less prolong$ l a tube2 left m>g9 d5tat$4 ,inhabits ! ,indian seas4 ,twelve species4 ,ovula ovi=mis4 ,o4 c>nea4 ,o4 v]rucosa4 ,o4 spelta4 ,o4 angulosa4 ,o4 hordacea4 ,o4 biro/ris4 ,o4 gibbosa4 ,o4 volva4 ,o4 lactea4 ,o4 triticea4 ,o4 acicul>is4 #c4 ,g5us ,t]ebellum4 ,pl4 ,,xii4 ,animal4 ,entirely unkn[n4 ,%ell4 ,?91 %9+1 subcyl9drical1 involute1 po9t$ po/]iorly1 truncat$ ant]iorly2 ap]ture longitud9al1 triangul>2 edges entire2 columella truncat$1 & prolong$ beyond ! ap]ture4 ,inhabits ! ,indian ,ocean4 ,?ree liv+ species & two fossil4 ,t]ebellum subulatum4 ,t4 convolutum4 ,t4 fusi=me4 #d4 ,g5us ,ancill>ia4 ,pl4 ,,xii4 ,animal4 ,unkn[n4 ,%ell4 ,smoo?1 oval1 oblong po/]iorly1 wid5$ & truncat$ ant]iorly2 ap]ture oval1 some:at elongat$1 angul> po/]iorly2 a wide b n deep slope ant]iorly2 columella cov]$ ant]iorly ) an oblique call\s b&2 "r lip obtuse1 ,inhabits ! ,au/ralian seas4 ,f\r liv+ species1 & five fossil4 ,ancill>ia c9namonea4 ,a4 v5tricosa4 ,a4 c&ida4 ,a4 m>g9ata4 #e4 ,g5us ,oliva4 ,pl4 ,,xii4 ,animal4 ,oval1 involute1 m\? some:at ?9 at its edges1 prolong$ to ! two angles ( ! bran*ial ap]ture 9 a t5tacul> b&1 &1 ant]iorly1 by a long bran*ial tube2 foot v l>ge1 oval1 subauriculat$1 ) a transv]se cleft ant]iorly2 head small1 ) a labial proboscis4 ,%ell4 ,?ick1 solid1 smoo?1 oval1 elongat$1 subcyl9drical2 ! :orls ( ! spire v small1 & sep>at$ by a canal2 ap]ture long & n>r[1 ! columell> edge dilat$ ant]iorly by a b& /riat$ obliquely 9 all its l5g?4 ,f\nd 9 ! ,au/ralian & ,equatorial seas4 ,only "o species has be5 f\nd 9 ,am]ica4 ,sixty-?ree species4 ,six fossil4 ,oliva textil9a4 ,o4 pica4 ,o4 angulata4 ,o4 sepulturalis4 ,o4 irrisans4 ,o4 episcopalis4 ,o4 v5ulata4 ,o4 leucopha4 ,o4 inflata4 ,o4 h>pul>ia4 ,o4 u/ulata4 ,o4 tessellata4 ,o4 espidula4 ,o4 c&ida4 ,o4 tigr9a4 ,o4 utricula4 ,o4 porphyria4 ,o4 ery?ro/oma4 ,o4 !mul9a4 ,o4 maura4 ,o4 fulm9ans4 ,o4 elegans4 ,o4 guttata4 ,o4 undata4 ,o4 bic9cta4 ,o4 hepatica4 ,o4 avellana4 ,o4 c>neola4 ,o4 oriola4 ,o4 volutella4 ,o4 ,brazilliana4 ,o4 reticul>is4 ,o4 granitella4 ,o4 lit]ata4 ,o4 tricolor4 ,o4 mu/el9a4 ,o4 funebralis4 ,o4 ,p]uviana4 ,o4 fusi=mis4 ,o4 acum9ata4 ,o4 luteola4 ,o4 hiatula4 ,o4 ,ceylonica4 ,o4 fabag9a4 ,o4 undatella4 ,o4 nana4 ,o4 oryza4 ,o4 flammulata4 ,o4 araneosa4 ,o4 scripta4 ,o4 sangu9ol5ta4 ,o4 lugubris4 ,o4 gl&i=mis4 ,o4 s5agal5sis4 ,o4 auricul>is4 ,o4 subulata4 ,o4 te/acea4 ,o4 obtus>ia4 ,o4 nebulosa4 ,o4 conordalis4 ,o4 eburnea4 ,o4 ,zonalis4 ,o4 mutica499 #f4 ,g5us ,conus4 ,pl4 ,,xii4 ,animal4 ,elongat$1 mu* compress$1 involute2 foot small1 oval1 long1 wide/ 9 front1 :]e x is edg$ by a transv]se furr[2 head tol]ably di/9ct2 t5tacula cyl9drical1 hav+ ! eyes ne> _! summit1 :i* is setace\s2 m\? at ! bottom ( a long labial trunk2 a some:at %ort tongue1 al?\gh project+ into ! visc]al cavity1 & bri/l$ ) long /yli=m hooks 9 two r[s4 ,%ell4 ,cov]$ ) a p]io/eal membrane1 ?ick1 solid1 involute1 conical2 summit ( ! cone ant]ior1 spire slightly project+1 or n at all2 a v n>r[ longitud9al ap]ture2 ext]nal edge /raight & tr5*ant2 ! int]nal also /raight ) oblique folds 9 its ant]ior portion2 a v small horny op]culum1 subspirat$1 ) a t]m9al summit4 ,f\nd 9 ! ,au/ralian & ,m$it]ranean seas4 ,"o hundr$ & eighty-"o species4 ,conus ,b&anus4 ,c4 ,nicob>icus4 ,c4 zonatus4 ,c4 fuscatus4 ,c4 regius4 ,c4 m>moreus4 ,c4 nocturnus4 ,c4 araneosus4 ,c4 imp]ialis4 ,c4 viridulus4 ,c4 tulipa4 ,c4 punctatus4 ,c4 musicus4 ,c4 mus4 ,c4 ,b>bad5sis4 ,c4 geographicus4 ,c4 tniatus4 ,c4 mili>is4 ,c4 lividus4 ,c4 roseus4 ,c4 c$o-nulli4 ,c4 nebulosus4 ,c4 betul9us4 ,c4 puncticulatus4 ,c4 ,proteus4 ,c4 augur4 ,c4 nivosus4 ,c4 acum9atus4 ,c4 ,janus4 ,c4 li?oglyphus4 ,c4 v5ulatus4 ,c4 muscosus4 ,c4 ,mozambicus4 ,c4 ,franciscanus4 ,c4 rattus4 ,c4 amabilis4 ,c4 nobilis4 ,c4 t]m9us4 ,c4 gub]nator4 ,c4 t]ebra4 ,c4 raphanus4 ,c4 spectrum4 ,c4 leon9us4 ,c4 p]tusus4 ,c4 sulcatas4 ,c4 v]miculatus4 ,c4 pulic>ius4 ,c4 obesus4 ,c4 millepunctatus4 ,c4 eburneus4 ,c4 g5]alis4 ,c4 ,malacanus4 ,c4 monile4 ,c4 vitul9us4 ,c4 flavidus4 ,c4 daucus4 ,c4 capitaneus4 ,c4 vittatus4 ,c4 vexillus4 ,c4 figul9us4 ,c4 aurantius4 ,c4 m9imus4 ,c4 ,hebru4 ,c4 ar5atus4 ,c4 fu/igatus4 ,c4 v>ius4 ,c4 lit]atus4 ,c4 tesselatus4 ,c4 ,maldivus4 ,c4 l9eatus4 ,c4 c5turio4 ,c4 vulp9us4 ,c4 virgo4 ,c4 pa/9acus4 ,c4 classi>ius4 ,c4 mu/el9us4 ,c4 ,sumatr5sis4 ,c4 qu]c9us4 ,c4 c>d9alis4 ,c4 di/ans4 ,c4 ,cal$onicus4 ,c4 puncturatus4 ,c4 fulgurans4 ,c4 amadis4 ,c4 flammeus4 ,c4 te/ilud9>ius4 ,c4 qu/or4 ,c4 ,n>cissus4 ,c4 gu9aicus4 ,c4 in=mis4 ,c4 ,jamaic5sis4 ,c4 ,omaicus4 ,c4 aurisiacus4 ,c4 /riatus4 ,c4 grannulatus4 ,c4 v]ulosus4 ,c4 magus4 ,c4 ,bullatus4 ,c4 auratus4 ,c4 om>ia4 ,c4 panniculus4 ,c4 ,timor5sis4 ,c4 prfectus4 ,c4 nimbosus4 ,c4 ar*iepiscopus4 ,c4 legatus4 ,c4 canonicus4 ,c4 textilis4 ,c4 ,au/ralis4 ,c4 ,mauritianus4 ,c4 eques4 ,c4 catus4 ,c4 acutangulus4 ,c4 ,japonicus4 ,c4 columba4 ,c4 memocanus4 ,c4 fusi=mis4 ,c4 ,aurora4 ,c4 ,adansonii4 ,c4 ,portoricanus4 ,c4 lamellosus4 ,c4 exiguus4 ,c4 hyna4 ,c4 ammiralis4 ,c4 papilionaceus4 ,c4 ,prome?u4 ,c4 ,surat5sis4 ,c4 ranunculus4 ,c4 a*at9us4 ,c4 /ram9eus4 ,c4 lacteus4 ,c4 vic>ius4 ,c4 o*raceus4 ,c4 ,m$it]raneus4 ,c4 ,magellanicus4 ,c4 pontificalis4 ,c4 sponsalis4 ,c4 ,ceylon5sis4 ,c4 pusillus4 ,c4 asp]4 ,c4 miles4 ,c4 g5uanus4 ,c4 siam5sis4 ,c4 glaucus4 ,c4 mona*us4 ,c4 anemone4 ,c4 c9]eus4 ,c4 zebra4 ,c4 c+ulatus4 ,c4 m]cator4 ,c4 /rigatus4 ,c4 mitratus4 ,c4 aulicus4 ,c4 colubr9us4 ,c4 auricomus4 ,c4 rubig9osus4 ,c4 prlatus4 ,c4 fumigatus4 ,c4 luzonicus4 ,c4 v]rucosus4 ,c4 m9danus4 ,c4 pusio4 ,c4 madur5sis4 ,c4 cancellatus4 ,c4 crulesc5s4 ,c4 ,tait5sis4 ,c4 t9ianus4 ,c4 crocatus4 ,c4 glans4 ,c4 nussatella4 ,c4 clav\s4 ,c4 p5naceus4 ,c4 c]vus4 ,c4 dux4 ,c4 /]cus-musc>um4 ,c4 t5d9eus4 ,c4 melan*olicus4 ,c4 episcopus4 ,c4 pyramidalis4 ,c4 abbas4 ,c4 gloria-m>is4 ,,family ,,xxii4 ,,nautilacea4 ,two g5]a4 #a4 ,g5us ,spirula4 ,pl4 ,,xii4 ,animal4 ,body elongat$1 cyl9drical1 t]m9at$ po/]iorly by two lat]al lobes p>tially conceal+ ! %ell2 head provid$ ) five pairs ( t5tacula1 ( :i* two are long] ?an ! o!rs4 ,%ell4 ,v symmetrical1 longitud9ally twi/$ ?r\gh\t ne>ly all its ext5t2 ! cone spiral1 conical1 regul>1 circul>2 :orls ( ! spire v evid5t2 p>titions simple1 concave1 & pi]c$ by a s+le syphon4 ,inhabits ! ,we/ ,indian seas4 ,"o species4 ,spirula ,p]onii4 7,nautilus spirula4 ,l947 #b4 ,g5us ,nautilus4 ,pl4 ,,xii4 ,animal4 ,body r\nd & t]m9at$ po/]iorly by a t5d9\s or muscul> filam5t1 atta*+ itself to ! syphon1 by :i* ! p>titions ( ! %ell are pi]c$2 ! mantle op5+ obliquely1 & prolong$ into a sort ( hood above ! head 7:i* is provid$ ) digitat$ t5tacula71 & surr\nd+ ! ap]ture ( ! m\?4 ,%ell4 ,discoid1 b slightly compress$1 ) a r\nd$ or subc>9at$ back1 umbilicat$ or n1 b nev] mammelonat$1 ! p>titions simple1 n visible ext]iorly2 ! la/ pr(\ndly sunk1 & p]=at$ by a syphon runn+ ?r\gh !m all4 ,inhabits ! ,indian ,ocean4 ,two liv+ species4 ,fifte5 fossil4 ,nautilus ,pompilius4 ,n4 umbilicatus4 ,,family ,,xxiii4 ,,het]opoda4 ,two g5]a4 #a4 ,g5us ,argonauta4 ,pl4 ,,xii4 ,animal4 ,body conical1 elongat$1 enroll$ longitud9ally1 wid5$ ant]iorly1 & provid$ on ea* side ) an arcuat$ subtriangul>1 ali=m app5dage2 m\? at ! extremity ( ! angle =m$ by two inf]ior lips4 ,de ,bla9ville d5ies t ?is animal is at all kn[n1 & speaks ( "o describ$ by ,m4 ,ok5 z a small polypus ( ! g5us ,ocy?oe4 ,%ell4 ,navicul>1 symmetrical1 v ?91 compress$1 bic>9at$1 longitud9ally sub9volute 9 ! same plane2 ap]ture v wide1 symmetrical1 complete1 squ>e ant]iorly1 slightly modifi$ by ! turn ( ! summit1 & provid$ on ea* side ) an e>-l app5dage hav+ ?ick & smoo? edges4 ,inhabits ! ,m$it]ranean4 ,?ree species4 ,argonauta argo4 ,a4 tub]culosa4 ,a4 nitida4 #b4 ,g5us ,c>9>ia4 ,pl4 ,,xii4 ,animal4 ,body elongat$1 prolong$ beh9d ! nucleus into a v]itable tail1 edg$ at its extremity by a v]tical f92 head suffici5tly di/9ct2 two1 long1 conical t5tacula2 two sessile eyes2 ! organs ( respiration & ! nucleus entirely envelop$ 9 a mantle ) lob$ edges4 ,%ell4 ,v ?91 symmetrical1 a little compress$1 )\t spire1 b ) ! summit a little reflex$ po/]iorly2 ap]ture oval & entire4 ,inhabits ! ,african1 ,m$it]ranean1 & ,au/ralian seas4 ,?ree species4 ,c>9>ia vitrea4 ,c4 fragilis4 ,c4 cymbium4 ,,gloss>y ,,( ,,t]ms ,,us$ ,,9 ,,con*ology4 ,a4 ,abbreviat$1 cut %ort4 ,abdom51 ! belly4 ,acum9at$1 %>p po9t$4 ,aculeat$1 prickly4 ,alat$1 w+$4 ,annulat$1 divid$ into r+s4 ,annulations1 r+s4 ,ap]ture1 ! orifice or op5+ ( ! %ell4 ,apex1 ! po9t ( ! spire4 ,approximat+1 approa*+ toge!r4 ,arcuat$1 ( an ar* =m4 ,area1 surface betwe5 ! l9es4 ,articulations1 junctures or jo9ts4 ,att5uat$1 ?91 sl5d]4 ,aurat$1 hav+ e>s1 z ! ,pect54 ,auricl$1 hav+ e>-l app5dages4 ,auri=m1 e>-%ap$4 ,b4 ,b>b$1 be>d$4 ,base1 l[] extremity ( ! %ell4 ,beak1 prolongation at ! base4 ,be>d1 see ,byssus4 ,bi1 signify+ two4 ,biangulat$1 hav+ two corn]s or angles4 ,bid5tate1 hav+ two tee?4 ,bifid1 op5+ ) a cleft4 ,bilobate1 divid$ into two lobes4 ,bim>g9ate1 two m>g9s or lips4 ,biradiate1 hav+ two rays4 ,bivalve1 hav+ two valves4 ,blunt1 obtuse1 oppos$ to acute4 ,bor]1 a pi]c]4 ,bulg+1 gibb\s1 swoll5 out4 ,byssus1 common 9 ! ,mytilus & ,p9na1 by :i* !y atta* !mselves to objects4 ,c4 ,call\s1 indurat$4 ,callosity1 a protub]ance4 ,calc>e\s1 relat+ to lime4 ,canal1 ! prolongation ( ! beak4 ,canaliculat$1 *annel$ or groov$4 ,c>d9al1 see ,tee?4 ,c>9at$1 l a boat's keel4 ,c>tilage1 a flexible fibr\s sub/ance by :i* ! valves are unit$4 ,c>tilag9\s1 resembl+ a ligam5t4 ,*amb]$1 divid$ by p>titions4 ,cicatrix1 ! muscul> impression4 ,ciliat$1 edg$ ) bri/les or hairs4 ,c9]\s1 ( an a% col\r4 ,clavate1 club-%ap$4 ,columella1 ! upright pill> ( ! %ell4 ,complicat$1 d\bl$ toge!r4 ,compress$1 flatt5$4 ,concave1 holl[$ out4 ,conc5tric1 runn+ to ! c5tre4 ,cone1 ! =m ( a sug> loaf4 ,convolute1 :orls runn+ r\nd4 ,conflu5t1 runn+ toge!r4 ,conoid1 figure l a cone4 ,contort$1 twi/$ 9 oblique direction4 ,contract$1 %ort5$1 %runk up4 ,cordate1 he>t %ape4 ,cordi=m1 =m ( a he>t4 ,coriace\s1 lea!r-l consi/5ce4 ,corneus1 resembl+ horn4 ,coronal1 resembl+ a cr[n4 ,coronat$1 cr[n$ t[>ds ! apex4 ,co/at$1 ribb$4 ,cortex1 ant]ior sk94 ,cr5ulat$1 not*$ at ! m>g94 ,crispat$1 ) wav+ l9es4 ,cunei=m1 w$ge =m4 ,cyl9drical1 r\nd l a roll]4 ,cybi=m1 boat-%ap$4 ,d4 ,decollat$1 truncat$ transv]sely4 ,decorticat$1 dive/$ ( epid]mis4 ,decussat$1 l9es int]sect+ ea* o!r4 ,deflex$1 b5t aside4 ,d5tat$1 hav+ tee?4 ,depress$1 %all[1 flat4 ,diaphan\s1 cle>1 pellucid4 ,digitat$1 hav+ f+]-l claws4 ,disk1 ! highe/ "p ( ! valves4 ,div>icat$1 spread+ out4 ,div]g5t1 t5d+ to a po9t4 ,dorsal1 belong+ to ! back4 ,dott$1 punctur$ l a ?imble4 ,duplicat$1 divid$ into plaits or folds4 ,e4 ,e>s1 projections on ! sides ( ! h+e4 ,e*9at$1 set ) spires4 ,effuse1 spread out4 ,elliptical1 oval4 ,elongat$1 drawn out4 ,em>g9at$1 ) ! edge not*$4 ,ensis=m1 sabre-%ap$4 ,entire1 :ole4 ,epid]mis1 ! out] coat+ ( a %ell4 ,equilat]al1 all sides alike4 ,equivalve1 bo? sides alike4 ,exs]t$1 protrud+4 ,f4 ,falcat$1 hoop$ l a scy!4 ,fasciat$1 cov]$ ) b&s4 ,f]rug9\s1 ( an iron col\r4 ,filam5t1 a ?read-l process4 ,fili=m1 ?read-%ap$1 sl5d]4 ,fimbriat$1 fr+$4 ,fissure1 a cleft or slit4 ,flexu\s1 zigzag1 ) angles wid5+4 ,flexure1 a b5d+4 ,fluviatile1 belong+ to fre% wat]4 ,foliace\s1 lam9a or leave-%ap$4 ,fragile1 brittle1 easily brok54 ,front1 ! ap]ture next ! obs]v]4 ,furcat$1 =k$4 ,furr[1 a tr5* or holl[4 ,fuscat$1 d>k5$1 obscur$4 ,fusi=m1 sp9dle-%ap$1 conical1 or oval4 ,g4 ,gap+1 :5 ! valves d n close4 ,g5iculate1 keel$4 ,g5us1 *>act]s by :i* !y are di/+ui%$ f o!rs4 ,g5]a1 plural ( g5us4 ,gibb\s1 bulg$4 ,glabr\s1 hav+ a smoo? surface4 ,globose1 globul>1 r\nd4 ,h4 ,hemisph]ical1 9 ! %ape ( a half globe4 ,het]o/rophe1 %ells ^: spires rev]se4 ,hispid1 hairy4 ,h+e1 ! "p :]e ! valves are unit$4 ,i ,j4 ,jagg$1 d5ticulat$1 unev54 ,imbricate1 cov]$ ) scales4 ,imp]=ate1 hav+ no umbilicus4 ,inequilat]al1 :5 ! ant]ior & po/]ior p>ts ( ! %ell are dissimil>4 ,inequivalve1 :5 ! valves are dissimil>4 ,in>ticulate1 indi/9ct4 ,incumb5t1 "o ly+ ov] ! o!r4 ,incurv$1 b5t backw>d4 ,ind5t$1 unequally m>k$4 ,inflat$1 tumid1 swoll54 ,inflect$1 b5t inw>d4 ,inflex$1 b5t t[>ds ea* o!r4 ,int]co/al1 plac$ betwe5 ! ribs4 ,int]rupt$1 divid$1 sep>at$4 ,int]/ice1 space betwe54 ,intortion1 turn+ or twi/+4 ,involute1 )\t a spire4 ,involution1 t "p :i* involves ano!r4 ,juncture1 ! jo9+ ( ! :orl 9 univalves4 ,k4 ,keel1 ! longitud9al prom95ce 9 ! ,argonauta4 ,keel$1 see ,c>9at$4 ,l4 ,labra1 ! lips4 ,lac9iate1 cut 9 irregul> segm5ts4 ,lacunose1 surface cov]$ ) pits4 ,lamell>1 films on plates4 ,lamellat$1 divid$ into di/9ct plaits or foliations4 ,lam91 ?9 plates1 laid "o above ano!r4 ,lanceolate1 oblong1 tap]+ l ! head ( a lance4 ,lat]al1 ext5d+ to "o side f ! c5tre4 ,lattic$1 see ,decussat$4 ,l5ticulate1 d\bly convex4 ,ligam5t1 a solid body :i* connects ! valves 9 bivalves4 ,l9e>1 compos$ ( l9es4 ,l+ui=m$1 tongue-%ap$4 ,lip1 ! out] edge ( ! ap]ture ( univalves4 ,lobat$1 r\nd$ at ! edges4 ,longitud9al1 ! l5g? ( ! %ell4 ,lunat$1 =m$ l a half moon4 ,lunule1 cresc5t-l4 ,luni=m1 %ape ( a cresc5t4 ,m4 ,m>g91 ! :ole circumf]5ce or outl9e ( ! %ell 9 bivalves4 ,m>g9at$1 hav+ a prom95t m>g9 or bord]4 ,membrane1 a web ( fibres4 ,m\?1 see ,ap]ture4 ,muscul> impressions1 m>ks made by ! animal 9 adh]+ to ! %ell4 ,mottl$1 cl\d$ or spott$4 ,mucronate1 end+ 9 a %>p po9t4 ,multilocul>1 _m *amb]$4 ,muricat$1 clo!d ) %>p sp9es4 ,n4 ,nacr$1 pe>ly4 ,nemoral1 belong+ to a wood4 ,nit$1 glossy4 ,nodose1 knotty4 ,nucleus1 a k]nel4 ,o4 ,obsolete1 oblit]at$4 ,oblong1 oval4 ,ocellat$1 eye-l spots4 ,o*re\s1 col\r ( yell[ o*re4 ,(fuscat$1 d>k5$1 cl\d$4 ,olivace\s1 ( a gre5i% olive col\r4 ,op]culum1 :i* closes ! ap]ture ( ! %ell4 ,orbicul>1 circul>1 r\nd4 ,orifice1 an op5+ or p]=ation4 ,ovate1 %ap$ l an egg4 ,ovoid1 oval4 ,p4 ,papillose1 pimple1 dott$4 ,papyrace\s1 ?9 z pap]4 ,patul\s1 ) a gap or op5+4 ,p>titions1 processes divid+ ! %ells ( ! ,nautilus1 ,s]pula1 c4 ,pect9at$1 resembl+ ! tee? ( a comb4 ,p$icle1 ! support ( ! ,anatif]a & its correspond+ species4 ,p$uncle1 a tube on :i* any ?+ is seat$4 ,pellucid1 transp>5t1 cle>1 bright4 ,p5tagonal1 hav+ five sides4 ,p]=at$1 pi]c$ ) holes4 ,p]vi\s1 admitt+ passage4 ,pill>1 9 univalves ! int]nal cont9uation ( ! columella or inn] lips1 ext5d+ f ! base to ! apex4 ,p9nat$1 w+$4 ,plait$1 fold$4 ,plaits1 folds4 ,plicat$1 fold$ or plait$4 ,po/]ior1 see ,m>g94 ,produc$1 l5g!n$ out4 ,protrude1 to ?ru/ =w>d4 ,punctuat$1 l ! punctures ( a ?imble4 ,pyri=m1 pe>-%ap$4 ,q4 ,quadrangul>1 hav+ f\r "r angles4 ,quadruplicat$1 hav+ f\r plaits4 ,r4 ,radiat$1 furni%$ ) rays4 ,radicat$1 fix$ by ! base to ano!r body4 ,rectangul>1 hav+ "r angles4 ,recurvat$1 turn$ backw>d4 ,recurv$1 b[$ back4 ,reflect$1 b5t backw>d4 ,refract$1 abruptly b5t4 ,r5i=m1 kidney-%ap$4 ,replicat$1 fold$ or plait$4 ,reticulat$1 =m$ l a piece ( net-"w4 ,retuse1 end+ 9 an obtuse s9us4 ,rev]s$ spire1 see ,het]o/rophe4 ,revolute1 roll$ backw>d4 ,ribb$1 hav+ longitud9al ribs4 ,ridge1 ! upp] "p ( a slope4 ,ro/rum1 ! beak4 ,rugose1 wr9kl$4 ,s4 ,sangu9ace\s1 divid$ into *amb]s4 ,scabi\s1 r\gh1 rugg$4 ,scallop$1 ind5t$ at ! edges4 ,scutellat$1 %ield-%ap$4 ,seam1 l9e =m$ by ! union ( ! valves4 ,semi1 ! half4 ,semi-cordate1 half he>t-%ap$4 ,semi-orbicul>1 %ape ( a half globe4 ,semi-lun>1 %ape ( a half moon4 ,septi=m1 %ape ( a p>tition4 ,s]rat$1 l ! tee? ( a saw4 ,sessile1 sitt+ or seat$4 ,seta1 a bri/le4 ,setace\s1 cov]$ ) bri/les4 ,setif]\s1 be>+ bri/les4 ,s9i/] valve1 is ! left valve4 ,s9us1 a groove or cavity4 ,siphunculus1 a cyl9drical p]=ation z 9 ! ,nautilus1 ,spirula1 c4 ,spatulate1 r\nd$ & broad at ! top4 ,species1 ! division ( a family or g5us4 ,sp9y1 ?orny4 ,sp9\s1 l a h$gehog4 ,spire1 all ! :orls 9 univalves except ! "o 9 :i* ! ap]ture is situat$1 :i* is t]m$ ! body4 ,spiral1 twi/$ l a corkscrew4 ,squamose1 scaly4 ,/riat$1 cov]$ ) ?read-l l9es4 ,sub1 almo/4 ,sub>cuat$1 some:at ar*$4 ,subconic1 some:at conical4 ,subulate1 awl-%ap$4 ,sulcat$1 furr[$4 ,summit1 ! tip or apex4 ,suture1 a holl[ l9e ( division 9 univalves1 ! spiral l9e ( :i* sep>ates ! wrea?s4 ,t4 ,tee?1 po9t$ protub]ances )9 ! h+e 9 bivalves by :i* ! valves are unit$4 ,t5tacula1 ! feel]s ( snails1 :i* inhabit %ells4 ,tessellat$1 *equ]$ l a *ess bo>d4 ,te/acea1 t ord] ( animals cov]$ ) a te/ace\s %ell4 ,te/ace\s1 consi/+ ( c>bonate ( lime & animal matt]4 ,tortuosity1 flexure4 ,tortu\s1 twi/$4 ,transv]se1 crossways4 ,trapezi=m1 %ap$ l a trapezium4 ,trigonal1 hav+ ?ree angles4 ,truncat$1 cut %ort1 end+ abruptly4 ,tub]cle1 knot or pimple4 ,tub]culat$1 knott$1 pimpl$4 ,tubul>1 9 ! %ape ( a holl[ tube4 ,tunicat$1 coat$4 ,turb9at$1 %ape l a top or pe>4 ,turgid1 swoll54 ,u & ,v4 ,valves1 ! v>i\s pieces :i* compose ! %ell4 ,v>ices1 longitud9al ribs 9 univalve %ells4 ,v>iety1 diff]5ce 9 species4 ,vault$1 ro($4 ,v5tral1 belong+ to ! belly4 ,v5tricose1 inflat$1 swell$ 9 ! middle4 ,v]mi=m1 worm-%ap$4 ,v]tex1 ! top ( a mo/ prom95t "p4 ,v]rucose1 w>t$4 ,v]ticulat$1 :orl$4 ,umbilicat$1 hav+ a depression 9 ! c5tre4 ,umbo1 ! r\nd "p :i* turns ov] ! h+e4 ,undulat$1 wav$4 ,ungulata1 %ap$ l a horse's ho(4 ,unilocul>1 *amb]$ s+ly4 ,univalve1 %ells ( "o valve only4 ,volutions1 ! turn+s ( univalves4 ,w4 ,:orl1 a spiral convolution4 ,z4 ,zigzag1 hav+ rev]se turn+s & w9d+s4 ,zon$1 surr\nd$ by belts or girdles4 ,,index ,a4 ,aca/a1 #cb ,ac]a1 #ie ,a*at9a1 #ajb ,alata1 #ace ,amphidesma1 #dd ,amphitritea1 #bg ,amphitrite1 #bh ,ampull>ia1 #aac ,ano/oma1 #ajc ,anatif]a1 #cc ,anat9a1 #dj ,ancill>ia1 #aej ,ancylus1 #id ,,annulata1 #be ,anodonta1 #fi ,anomia1 #hc ,aplysiacea1 #if ,aplysia1 #if ,arca1 #fb ,ar5icola1 #be ,arcacea1 #fb ,argonauta1 #aee ,asp]gillum1 #ce ,auricula1 #ajg ,avicula1 #gf ,b4 ,balanus1 #ca ,bivalve %ells1 #aj ,bra*iopoda1 #hd ,bucc9um1 #ada ,bulimus1 #aje ,bulla1 #ie ,bullacea1 #ie ,bulla1 #ie ,c4 ,calyptracea1 #ia ,calyptra1 #ic ,canalif]a1 #abg ,cancell>ia1 #acj ,capsa1 #ec ,c>diacea1 #ei ,c>dita1 #fj ,c>dium1 #ei ,c>9>ia1 #aef ,c>ocolla1 #ajb ,cassid>ia1 #acg ,cassis1 #ach ,ca/alia1 #fe ,*ama1 #gj ,c]i?ium1 #abg ,*amacea1 #gj ,*iton1 #hh ,*itonellus1 #hh ,c9]as1 #cc ,,cirrhip$a1 #cj ,cirrhip$a1 #cj ,classification1 #ba ,clausilia1 #aje ,clavagella1 #ce ,cleodora1 #hg ,clio1 #hf ,clym5e1 #bf ,colimacea1 #ii ,columbella1 #adc ,columell>ia1 #adc ,con*acea1 #ec ,convoluta1 #adg ,,con*if]a1 #cd ,conus1 #aeb ,corbis1 #ea ,corbula1 #de ,corbulacea1 #de ,con*olepas1 #adj ,coronula1 #ca ,crania1 #hd ,crassatella1 #dc ,crass9a1 #ec ,cr5atula1 #ge ,crepidula1 #id ,creusia1 #cb ,cuculla1 #fc ,cyclas1 #eg ,cyclo/oma1 #ajg ,cymbulia1 #hg ,cyr5a1 #eh ,cypra1 #adg ,cypric>dia1 #fa ,cypr9a1 #ec ,cy!rea1 #ed ,d4 ,delph9ula1 #aba ,d5talium1 #bf ,dic]as1 #gj ,dolabella1 #if ,dolium1 #ada ,donax1 #eb ,dorsalia1 #be ,e4 ,eburna1 #adb ,em>g9ula1 #ib ,eryc9a1 #dc ,e!ria1 #ga ,f4 ,fasciol>ia1 #acj ,fissurella1 #ib ,fi/ulana1 #ce ,fusus1 #aca ,g4 ,gala!a1 #eh ,galeol>ia1 #bi ,ga/ro*na1 #cg ,glycim]is1 #ci ,gryphea1 #hb ,h4 ,haliotis1 #aah ,h>pa1 #adj ,helic9a1 #ajc ,helix1 #ii ,het]opoda1 #aee ,hiatella1 #fa ,hippopus1 #gb ,hyalea1 #hf ,hyria1 #fh ,i4 ,irid9a1 #gj ,isoc>dia1 #fa ,j4 ,jan?9ea1 #aag ,jan?9a1 #aag ,l4 ,lima1 #gh ,limac9a1 #ig ,limac9a1 #hg ,limax1 #ig ,l+ula1 #he ,li?ophaga1 #df ,luc9a1 #ea ,lutr>ia1 #da ,lymnacea1 #ajh ,lymnea1 #ajh ,m4 ,mactracea1 #da ,mactra1 #da ,macro/omiana1 #aag ,magilus1 #cj ,malleacea1 #ge ,malleus1 #gf ,maldania1 #bf ,m>g9ella1 #adf ,melaniana1 #aaj ,melania1 #aaj ,melanopsis1 #aaa ,meleagr9a1 #gg ,mitra1 #add ,modiola1 #gd ,,mollusca1 #he ,monoc]os1 #adj ,monodonta1 #abc ,murex1 #acc ,multivalves1 #i ,my>ia1 #dj ,mya1 #dj ,mytilus1 #gc ,mytilacea1 #gc ,n4 ,naiadea1 #ff ,natica1 #aaf ,nautilacea1 #aej ,nautilus1 #aee ,navicella1 #aae ,n]ita1 #aae ,n]it9a1 #aad ,n]itacea1 #aad ,nucula1 #fd ,nymphacea1 #dh ,o4 ,oliva1 #aej ,on*idium1 #ih ,orbicula1 #hd ,o/rea1 #hj ,o/racea1 #hj ,otion1 #cd ,ovula1 #adi ,p4 ,palud9a1 #aab ,p>macella1 #ih ,p>mophorus1 #ia ,patella1 #ij ,p&ora1 #de ,panopea1 #ch ,pect51 #gh ,pect9>ia1 #bg ,pectunculus1 #fc ,p$um1 #gg ,pect9ea1 #gg ,p]i/omiana1 #aab ,p]na1 #gf ,petricola1 #dg ,phasianella1 #abf ,pholas1 #cg ,pholad>ia1 #cg ,physa1 #aji ,phyllidia1 #hh ,phyllidiacea1 #hh ,pir5a1 #aaa ,p9na1 #gd ,pileopsis1 #ic ,planorbis1 #aji ,plicacea1 #aai ,planaxis1 #abe ,placuna1 #hc ,pleurotoma1 #abh ,pleurobran*us1 #ia ,plicatula1 #hj ,plagio/oma1 #gi ,pneumod]mon1 #hg ,pollicipes1 #cc ,podopsis1 #hj ,psammobia1 #dh ,psammotea1 #di ,pt]oc]as1 #acf ,pt]opoda1 #hf ,pupa1 #ajd ,purpura1 #aci ,purpurif]a1 #acg ,pyramidella1 #abj ,pyrula1 #acb ,pyrgoma1 #cb ,r4 ,ranella1 #acc ,ric9ula1 #ach ,ro/ell>ia1 #ace ,rotella1 #abg ,s4 ,sabell>ia1 #bg ,sangu9ol>ia1 #dh ,saxicava1 #df ,scal>ia1 #abj ,scal>9a1 #abj ,sept>ia1 #cf ,s]pula1 #bh ,s]pulacea1 #bh ,sig>etus1 #aag ,siliqu>ia1 #be ,sol>ium1 #aba ,solecurtus1 #ci ,sol51 #ch ,sol5ea1 #ch ,sol5>ia1 #dh ,solemya1 #dd ,spirorbis1 #bh ,spirula1 #aed ,spondylus1 #hj ,/omatella1 #aah ,/omatia1 #aah ,/rombus1 #acf ,/ru?iol>ia1 #acb ,succ9ea1 #ajf ,t4 ,tell9a1 #di ,tell9ides1 #ea ,t]ebella1 #bg ,t]ebellum1 #aej ,t]ebra1 #adc ,t]ebratula1 #hd ,t]$o1 #cf ,t]$9a1 #cf ,te/acella1 #ih ,tornatella1 #aai ,tro*us1 #abb ,tridacna1 #gb ,tridacnea1 #gb ,trigonia1 #fe ,trigonacea1 #fe ,triton1 #ace ,tubicola1 #ce ,tubic9ella1 #cj ,turbo1 #abd ,turb9acea1 #aba ,turb9ella1 #abi ,turritella1 #abf ,u ,v4 ,umbrella1 #ia ,ungul9a1 #dc ,unio1 #ff ,univalves1 #ad ,valvata1 #aab ,v5]ic>dia1 #eg ,v5]irupis1 #dg ,v5us1 #ee ,v]milia1 #bi ,v]metus1 #aba ,vitr9a1 #ig ,voluta1 #ade ,volv>ia1 #adg ,vulsella1 #hj ,,! ,,end4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,transcrib]',s ,,notes #a4 ,sil5tly correct$ typographical errors & v>iations 9 spell+4 #b4 ,ar*aic1 non-/&>d1 & unc]ta9 spell+s reta9$ z pr9t$4 #c4 ,enclos$ italics font 9 und]scores4