,,! ,,cab9et ,,cyclop,,dia4 ,,conduct$ ,,by ,,! ,,rev4 ,,dionysius ,,l>dn]1 ,,ll4,d4 ,f4,r4,s4 ,l4 ,e4 ,m4,r4,i4,a4 ,f4,r4,a4,s4 ,f4,l4,s4 ,f4,z4,s4 ,hon4 ,f4,c4,p4,s4 c4 c4 ,,assi/$ ,,by ,,em95t ,,lit]>y ,,& ,,sci5tific ,,m54 ,,em95t ,,lit]>y ,,& ,,sci5tific ,,m5 ,,( ,,italy1 ,,spa9 ,,& ,,portugal4 ,,vol4 ,,ii4 ,,london3 ,,pr9t$ ,,= ,,longman1 ,,rees1 ,,orme1 ,,br[n1 ,,gre51 ,,longman1 ,,pat]no/]-,,r[2 ,,& ,,john ,,taylor1 ,,upp] ,,g[] ,,/reet4 #ahce4 ,,cont5ts ,,galileo ,,guicci>d9i ,,vittoria ,,colonna ,,gu>9i ,,tasso ,,*iabr]a ,,tassoni ,,m>9i ,,filicaja ,,meta/asio ,,goldoni ,,alfi]i ,,monti ,,ugo ,,foscolo ,,lives ,,( ,,em95t ,,lit]>y ,,& ,,sci5tific ,,m54 ,,galileo #aefd-afdb4 ,! hi/ory ( ! life & lab\rs ( ,galileo is pregnant ) a peculi> int]e/ to ! g5]al read]1 z well z to ! philosoph]4 ,8 brilliant discov]ies1 ! man ( sci5ce reg>ds z 8 peculi> prop]ty2 ! means by :i* !y 7 made1 & ! developem5t ( 8 intellectual "*1 belong to ! logician & to ! philosoph]2 b ! triumphs & ! rev]ses ( 8 ev5tful life mu/ be claim$ = our common nature1 z a s\rce ( m ?an ord9>y in/ruction4 ,! l5g!n$ c>e] :i* ,provid5ce assign$ to ,galileo 0 fill$ up ?r\gh\t its rugg$ outl9e ) ev5ts ev5 ( dramatic int]e/4 ,b ?\gh x 0 emblazon$ ) a*ievem5ts ( transc5d5t magnitude1 yet 8 f9e/ discov]ies 7 ! d]ision ( 8 contempor>ies1 & 7 ev5 d5\nc$ z crimes :i* m]it$ ! v5geance ( ,heav54 ,?\gh he 0 ! idol ( 8 fri5ds1 & ! fav\r$ companion ( pr9ces1 yet he aft]w>ds became ! victim ( p]secution1 & sp5t "s ( 8 la/ h\rs )9 ! walls ( a prison2 & ?\gh ! ,almighty grant$ him1 z x 71 a new sight to descry unkn[n worlds 9 ! obscurity ( space1 yet ! eyes :i* 7 all[$ to witness su* wond]s1 7 !mselves doom$ to be clos$ 9 d>kness4 ,su* 7 ! lights & %ad[s 9 :i* hi/ory del9eates ,! />ry ,galileo ) 8 woes4#a ,b1 h[ev] p[]ful be _! contra/s1 !y are n unusual 9 _! proportions4 ,! balance :i* has be5 /ruck betwe5 8 days ( good & evil1 is t :i* regulates ! lot ( man1 :e!r we /udy x 9 ! despotic sway ( ! autocrat1 9 ! peaceful enquiries ( ! philosoph]1 or 9 ! humbl] toils ( ord9>y life4 ,galileo ,galilei 0 born at ,pisa1 on ! #ae? ( ,febru>y1 #aefd1 & 0 ! elde/ ( a family ( ?ree sons & ?ree daught]s4 ,"u ! "n ( ,bonajuti1 8 noble ance/ors _h fill$ high (fices at ,flor5ce2 b ab\t ! middle ( ! #ad? c5tury !y seem to h ab&on$ ?is surname = t ( ,galileo4 ,v9c5zo ,galilei1 our au?or's fa!r1 0 himself a philosoph] ( no mean p[]s2 & ?\gh 8 tal5ts seem to h be5 appli$ only 9 ! composition ( treatises on ! !ory & practice ( music1 yet he appe>s to h anticipat$ ev5 8 son 9 a j e/imate ( ! philosophy ( ! age1 & 9 a di/9ct p]ception ( ! true me?od ( inve/igat+ tru?4#b ,! e>ly ye>s ( ,galileo 71 l ^? ( almo/ all great exp]im5tal philosoph]s1 sp5t 9 ! con/ruction ( in/rum5ts & pieces ( ma*9]y1 :i* 7 calculat$ *iefly to amuse himself & 8 s*ool-fell[s4 ,?is occupation ( 8 h&s1 h[ev]1 did n int]f]e ) 8 regul> /udies2 & ?\gh1 f ! /rait5$ circum/ances ( 8 fa!r1 he 0 educat$ "u consid]able disadvantages1 yet he acquir$ ! elem5ts ( classical lit]ature1 & 0 initiat$ into all ! le>n+ ( ! times4 ,music1 draw+1 & pa9t+ 7 ! occupations ( 8 leisure h\rs2 & su* 0 8 pr(ici5cy 9 ^! arts1 t he 0 reckon$ a skilful p]=m] on sev]al musical in/rum5ts1 especially ! lute2 & 8 k ( pictures 0 held 9 great e/eem by "s ( ! be/ arti/s ( 8 day4 ,galileo seems to h be5 desir\s1 ( foll[+ ! pr(ession ( a pa9t]3 b 8 fa!r _h obs]v$ decid$ indications ( e>ly g5ius2 &1 ?\gh by no means able to af=d x1 he resolv$ to s5d him to ! univ]sity to pursue ! /udy ( m$ic9e4 ,he accord+ly enroll$ himself z a s*ol> 9 arts at ! univ]sity ( ,pisa1 on ! #e? ( ,novemb]1 #aeha1 & pursu$ 8 m$ical /udies "u ! celebrat$ botani/ ,&rew ,csalp9us1 :o fill$ ! *air ( m$ic9e f #aefg to #aeib4 ,9 ord] to /udy ! pr9ciples ( music & draw+1 ,galileo f\nd x necess>y to acquire "s k ( geometry4 ,8 fa!r seems to h =ese5 ! consequ5ces ( foll[+ ?is new pursuit1 & ?\gh he did n prohibit him f read+ ,euclid "u ,o/ilio ,ricci1 "o ( ! pr(essors at ,pisa1 yet he wat*$ 8 progress ) ! utmo/ jeal\sy1 & _h resolv$ t x %\ld n int]f]e ) 8 m$ical /udies4 ,! demon/rations1 h[ev]1 ( ! ,greek ma!matician _h too _m *>ms = ! ard5t m9d ( ,galileo4 ,8 :ole att5tion 0 engross$ ) ! new tru?s :i* bur/ ^u 8 und]/&+2 & aft] _m fruitless attempts to *eck 8 ard\r & direct 8 ?\ghts to pr(essional objects1 8 fa!r 0 oblig$ to surr5d] 8 p>5tal control1 & all[ ! fulle/ scope to ! g5ius ( 8 son4 ,f ! elem5t>y works ( geometry1 ,galileo pass$ to ! writ+s ( ,ar*im$es2 & :ile he 0 /udy+ ! hydro/atical treatise#c ( ! ,syracusan philosoph]1 he wrote 8 essay on ! hydro/atical balance#d1 9 :i* he describes ! con/ruction ( ! in/rum5t1 & ! me?od by :i* ,ar*im$es detect$ ! fraud committ$ by ! jewell] 9 ! composition ( ,hi]o's cr[n4 ,?is "w ga9$ = its au?or ! e/eem ( ,guido ,ubaldi1 :o _h di/+ui%$ himself by 8 me*anical & ma!matical acquirem5ts1 & :o engag$ 8 "y fri5d to inve/igate ! subject ( ! c5tre ( gravity 9 solid bodies4 ,! treatise on ?is subject1 :i* ,galileo pres5t$ to 8 patron1 0 ! s\rce ( 8 future success4 ,?r\gh ! c>d9al del ,monte1 ! bro!r-9-law ( ,ubaldi1 ! reign+ duke ( ,tuscany1 ,f]d9& de' ,m$ici1 0 made acqua9t$ ) ! m]its ( our "y philosoph]2 &1 9 #aehi1 he 0 appo9t$ lectur] on ma!matics at ,pisa4 ,by ! drudg]y ( private tea*+ he 0 oblig$ to add to ! small sal>y ( sixty cr[ns :i* 0 atta*$ to ! (fice4 ,) ?is mod]ate ,compet5cy1 ,galileo comm5c$ 8 philosophical c>e]4 ,at ! e>ly age ( eighte51 :5 he _h ent]$ ! univ]sity1 he display$ 8 innate antipa?y to ! ,ari/otelian philosophy4 ,?is feel+ 0 /r5g!n$ by 8 e>lie/ inquiries2 & ^u 8 e/abli%m5t at ,pisa1 he seems to h reg>d$ ! doctr9es ( ,ari/otle z ! intellectual prey :i*1 9 8 *ace ( glory1 he 0 de/9$ to pursue4 ,nizzoli1 :o fl\ri%$ ne> ! beg9n+ ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 & ,giordano ,bruno1 :o 0 burn$ at ,rome 9 #afjj1 l$ ! way 9 ?is d>+ pursuit2 b x 0 res]v$ = ,galileo to track ! ,?racian bo> ?r\gh its native ?ickets1 &1 at ! risk ( 8 own life1 to /rangle x 9 its d54 ,) ! resolution ( submitt+ e op9ion to ! te/ ( exp]im5t1 ,galileo's fir/ inquiries at ,pisa 7 direct$ to ! me*anical doctr9es ( ,ari/otle4 ,_! incorrectness & absurdity soon became app>5t2 & ) a zeal1 p]haps1 bord]+ on indiscretion1 he d5\nc$ !m to 8 pupils ) an ard\r ( mann] & ( expression proportion$ to 8 own conviction ( ! tru?4 ,! detection ( long-e/abli%$ errors is apt to inspire ! "y philosoph] ) an exultation :i* reason condemns4 ,! feel+ ( triumph is apt to clo! itself 9 ! language ( asp]ity2 & ! abettor1 ( errone\s op9ions is treat$ z a species ( enemy to sci5ce4 ,l ! soldi] :o fle%es 8 fir/ spe> 9 battle1 ! philosoph] is apt to leave ! /a9 ( cruelty ^u 8 e>ly a*ievem5ts4 ,x is only f age & exp]i5ce1 inde$1 t we c expect ! discretion ( val\r1 :e!r x is call$ =? 9 controv]sy or 9 battle4 ,galileo seems to h wag$ ?is /]n w>f>e aga9/ ! foll[]s ( ,ari/otle2 & su* 0 ! exasp]ation :i* 0 excit$ by 8 reit]at$ & successful attacks1 t he 0 assail$1 dur+ ! re/ ( 8 life1 ) a degree ( ranc\r :i* seldom orig9ates 9 a m]e diff]5ce ( op9ion4 ,=gett+ t all k is progressive1 & t ! errors ( "o g5]ation call =? ! comm5ts1 & are replac$ by ! discov]ies1 ( ! next1 ,galileo did n anticipate t 8 own speculations & incomplet$ lab\rs might "o day provoke unmitigat$ c5sure2 & he !re=e fail$ 9 mak+ all[ance = ! prejudices & ignorance ( 8 oppon5ts4 ,he :o enjoys ! pr\d lot ( tak+ a position 9 advance ( 8 age1 ne$ n wond] t 8 less gift$ contempor>ies are left beh9d4 ,m5 are n necess>ily ob/9ate because !y cleave to deeply root$ & v5]able errors1 nor are !y absolutely /upid :5 !y are long 9 und]/&+ & embrac+ newly discov]$ tru?s4 ,x 0 "o ( ! axioms ( ! ,ari/otelian me*anics1 t ! heavi] ( two fall+ bodies w\ld rea* ! gr\nd soon] ?an ! o!r1 & t _! velocities w\ld be proportional to _! weights4 ,galileo attack$ ! argum5ts by :i* ?is op9ion 0 support$2 & :5 he f\nd 8 reason+ ineffectual1 he appeal$ to direct exp]im5t4 ,he ma9ta9$1 t all bodies w\ld fall ?r\gh ! same height 9 ! same "t1 if !y 7 n unequally ret>d$ by ! resi/ance ( ! air3 & ?\gh he p]=m$ ! same exp]im5t ) ! mo/ satisfactory results1 by lett+ heavy bodies fall f ! lean+ t[] ( ,pisa2 yet ! ,ari/otelians1 :o ) _! own eyes saw ! unequal weights /rike ! gr\nd at ! same in/ant1 ascrib$ ! effect to "s unkn[n cause1 & pref]r$ ! decision ( _! ma/] to t ( nature h]self4 ,galileo c\ld n brook ?is opposition to 8 discov]ies2 & ! ,ari/otelians c\ld n tol]ate ! rebukes ( _! "y in/ructor4 ,! two p>ties 71 consequ5tly1 m>%all$ 9 ho/ile array2 :51 =tunately = bo?1 an ev5t occurr$1 :i* plac$ !m beyond ! rea* ( dang]4 ,don ,giovanni de' ,m$ici1 a natural son ( ,cosmo1 _h propos$ a me?od ( cle>+ out ! h>b\r ( ,leghorn4 ,galileo1 ^: op9ion 0 reque/$1 gave su* an unfav\rable report ^u x1 t ! disappo9t$ inv5tor direct$ aga9/ him all ! =ce ( 8 malice4 ,x 0 an easy task to conc5trate ! malignity ( 8 enemies at ,pisa2 & s effectually 0 ?is accompli%$1 t ,galileo resolv$ to accept ano!r pr(essor%ip1 to :i* he _h be5 previ\sly invit$4 ,! *air ( ma!matics 9 ! univ]sity ( ,padua hav+ be5 vacant = five ye>s1 ! republic ( ,v5ice _h resolv$ to fill x up2 &1 on ! recomm5dation ( ,guido ,ubaldi1 ,galileo 0 appo9t$ to x1 9 #aeib1 = a p]iod ( six ye>s4 ,9 #aeia1 ,galileo lo/ 8 fa!r1 :o di$ at an advanc$ age1 & devolv$ ^u 8 elde/ son ! support ( ! family4 ,?is ev5t1 probably1 increas$ 8 anxiety to bett] 8 situation1 & mu/ h add$ to 8 o!r inducem5ts to quit ,pisa4 ,9 ,septemb]1 #aeib1 he remov$ to ,padua1 :]e he _h a sal>y ( only #ahj flor9s1 & :]e he 0 oblig$ to add to 8 income by ! lab\rs ( tuition4 ,not)/&+ ?is fruitless occupation ( 8 "t1 he appe>s to h f\nd leisure = compos+ sev]al ( 8 works1 & complet+ v>i\s inv5tions1 :i* w be aft]w>ds describ$4 ,8 manuscripts 7 circulat$ privately among 8 fri5ds & pupils2 b "s ( !m /ray$ beyond ?is sacr$ limit1 & f\nd _! way into ! h&s ( p]sons :o did n scruple to claim & publi%1 z _! own1 ! discov]ies & inv5tions :i* !y conta9$4 ,x is n easy to asc]ta9 ! exact "t :5 ,galileo became a conv]t to ! doctr9es ( ,cop]nicus1 or ! p>ticul> circum/ances "u :i* he 0 l$ to adopt !m4 ,x is /at$ by ,g]>d ,voss1 t a public lecture ( ,m/l91 ! in/ructor ( ,kepl]1 0 ! means ( mak+ ,galileo acqua9t$ ) ! true sy/em ( ! univ]se4 ,?is ass]tion1 h[ev]1 is by no means probable2 & x has be5 ably %[n1 by ! late/ biograph] ( ,galileo#e1 t1 9 8 dialogues on ! ,cop]nican sy/em1 our au?or gives ! true acc\nt ( 8 own conv]sion4 ,?is passage is s int]e/+1 t we %all give x entire4 ,i _c omit ?is opportunity ( relat+ to y :at happ5$ to myself at ! "t :5 ?is op9ion 7! ,cop]nican sy/em7 began to be discurs$4 ,i 0 !n a v "y man1 & _h sc>cely f9i%$ my c\rse ( philosophy1 :i* o!r occupations oblig$ me to leave (f1 :5 !re arriv$ 9 ?is c\ntry1 f ,ro/o*1 a =eign]1 ^: "n1 ,i believe1 0 ,*ri/ian ,vur/isius 7,wurteis571 a foll[] ( ,cop]nicus4 ,?is p]son deliv]$1 on ?is subject1 two or ?ree lectures 9 a c]ta9 academy1 & to a cr[d$ audi5ce4 ,believ+ t sev]al 7 attract$ m by ! novelty ( ! subject ?an by any o!r cause1 & be+ firmly p]suad$ t ?is op9ion 0 a piece ( solemn folly1 ,i 0 unwill+ to be pres5t4 ,^u int]rogat+1 h[ev]1 "s ( ^? :o 7 !re1 ,i f\nd t !y all made x a subject ( m]rim5t1 ) ! exception ( "o1 :o assur$ me t x 0 n a ?+ :olly ridicul\s4 ,z ,i consid]$ ?is individual to be bo? prud5t & circumspect1 ,i rep5t$ t ,i _h n att5d$ ! lectures2 &1 :5ev] ,i met any ( ! foll[]s ( ,cop]nicus1 ,i began to inquire if !y _h always be5 ( ! same op9ion4 ,i f\nd t !re 0 n "o ( !m :o did n decl>e t he _h long ma9ta9$ ! v opposite op9ions1 & _h n gone ov] to ! new doctr9es till he 0 driv5 by ! =ce ( argum5t4 ,i next exam9$ !m "o by "o1 to see if !y 7 ma/]s ( ! argum5ts on ! opposite side2 & su* 0 ! read9ess ( _! answ]s1 t ,i 0 satisfi$ !y _h n tak5 up ?is op9ion f ignorance or vanity4 ,on ! o!r h&1 :5ev] ,i int]rogat$ ! ,p]ipatetics & ! ,ptolemeans 7&1 out ( curiosity1 ,i h int]rogat$ n a a few71 respect+ _! p]usal ( ,cop]nicus's "w1 ,i p]ceiv$ t !re 7 few :o _h se5 ! book1 & n "o :o und]/ood x4 ,nor h ,i omitt$ to enquire among ! foll[]s ( ! ,p]ipatetic doctr9es1 if any ( !m _h ev] /ood on ! opposite side2 & ! result 01 t !re 0 n "o4 ,consid]+1 !n1 t nobody foll[$ ! ,cop]nican doctr9e1 :o _h n previ\sly held ! contr>y op9ion1 & :o 0 n well acqua9t$ ) ! argum5ts ( ,ari/otle & ,ptolemy2 :ile1 on ! o!r h&1 nobody foll[$ ,ptolemy & ,ari/otle1 :o _h be=e adh]$ to ,cop]nicus1 & _h gone ov] f him into ! camp ( ,ari/otle2 weigh+1 ,i say1 ^! ?+s1 ,i began to believe t1 if any "o :o rejects an op9ion :i* he has imbib$ ) 8 milk1 & :i* has be5 embrac$ by an inf9ite numb]1 %all take up an op9ion held only by a few1 condemn$ by all ! s*ools1 & really reg>d$ z a great p>adox1 x _c be d\bt$ t he mu/ h be5 induc$1 n to say driv51 to embrace x by ! mo/ cog5t argum5ts4 ,on ?is acc\nt1 ,i h become v curi\s to p5etrate to ! v bottom ( ! subject4#f ,x appe>s1 on ! te/imony ( ,galileo himself1 t he taught ! ,ptolemaic sy/em1 out ( compliance ) ! popul> feel+1 aft] he _h conv9c$ himself ( ! tru? ( ! ,cop]nican doctr9es4 ,9 ! treatise on ! sph]e1 inde$1 :i* be>s 8 "n#g1 & :i* mu/ h be5 writt5 soon aft] he w5t to ,padua1 & subsequ5tly to #aeib1 ! /ability ( ! e>?1 & ! motion ( ! sun1 are support$ by ! v argum5ts :i* ,galileo aft]w>ds ridicul$2 b we h no means ( det]m9+ :e!r or n he _h !n adopt$ ! true sy/em ( ! univ]se4 ,al?\gh he might h taught ! ,ptolemaic sy/em 9 8 lectures1 aft] he _h conv9c$ himself ( its falsehood2 yet x is n likely t he w\ld g s f> z to publi% to ! worlds z true1 ! v doctr9es :i* he despis$4 ,9 a lett] to ,kepl]1 dat$ 9 #aeig1 he di/9ctly /ates t he _h1 _m ye>s ago1 adopt$ ! op9ions ( ,cop]nicus2 b t he _h n yet d>$ to publi% 8 argum5ts 9 fav\r ( !m1 & 8 refutation ( ! opposite op9ions4 ,^! facts w\ld leave u to place ,galileo's conv]sion some:]e betwe5 #aeic & #aeig2 al?\gh _m ye>s _c be said to h elaps$ betwe5 ^! two dates4 ,at ?is e>ly p]iod ( ,galileo's life1 9 ! ye> #aeic1 he met ) an accid5t2 :i* _h ne>ly prov$ fatal4 ,a p>ty at ,padua2 ( :i* he 0 "o1 7 enjoy+2 at an op5 w9d[2 a curr5t ( air1 :i* 0 artificially cool$ by a fall ( wat]4 ,galileo un=tunately fell asleep "u its influ5ce2 & s p[]ful 0 its effect ^u 8 robu/ con/itution2 t he contract$ a sev]e *ronic disord]1 accompani$ ) acute pa9s 9 8 body1 & loss ( sleep & appetite1 :i* attack$ him at int]vals dur+ ! re/ ( 8 life4 ,o!rs ( ! p>ty suff]$ /ill m sev]ely1 & p]i%$ by _! own ra%ness4 ,galileo's reputation 0 n[ widely ext5d$ ov] ,europe2 & ! ar*duke ,f]d9& 7aft]w>ds emp]or ( ,g]many71 ! l&grave ( ,hesse1 & ! pr9ces ( ,alsace & ,mantua hon\r$ 8 lectures ) _! pres5ce4 ,pr9ce ,gu/avus ( ,sw$5 also receiv$ in/ructions f him 9 ma!matics1 dur+ 8 soj\rn 9 ,italy2 & x has be5 suppos$ t ?is 0 ! celebrat$ ,gu/avus ,adolphus4 ,:5 ,galileo _h complet$ ! fir/ p]iod ( 8 engagem5t at ,padua1 he 0 re-elect$ = o!r six ye>s1 ) an increas$ sal>y ( #cbj flor9s4 ,?is lib]al addition to 8 income is ascrib$ by ,fabbroni to ! malice ( "o ( 8 enemies1 :o in=m$ ! s5ate t ,galileo 0 liv+ 9 illicit int]c\rse ) ,m>9a ,gamba4 ,)\t inquir+ into ! tru? ( ! accusation1 ! s5ate is said to h repli$1 t if he _h a family to support1 he _h ! m ne$ ( an increas$ sal>y4 ,x is m likely t ! lib]ality ( ! republic _h be5 call$ =? by ! high reputation ( _! pr(essor1 & t ! t]ms ( _! reply 7 int5d$ only to rebuke ! malignity ( ! in=m]4 ,! mode ( expression w\ld seem to indicate t "o or m ( ,galileo's *ildr5 _h be5 born previ\s to 8 re-election 9 #aeih2 b z ?is is sc>cely consi/5t ) o!r facts1 we are dispos$ to d\bt ! au!nticity ( ,fabbroni's anecdote4 ,! new />1 :i* attract$ ! notice ( a/ronom]s 9 #afjd1 excit$ ! p>ticul> att5tion ( ,galileo4 ,! obs]vations :i* he made ^u x1 & ! speculations :i* !y sugge/$1 =m$ ! subject ( ?ree lectures1 ! beg9n+ ( ! fir/ ( :i* only has rea*$ our times4 ,f ! abs5ce ( p>allax1 he prov$ t ! common hypo!sis ( its be+ a meteor 0 errone\s1 & t1 l ! fix$ />s1 x 0 situat$ f> beyond ! b\nds ( our own sy/em4 ,! popul>ity ( ! subject attract$ cr[ds to 8 lecture-room2 & ,galileo _h ! boldness to reproa* 8 he>]s = tak+ s deep an int]e/ 9 a tempor>y ph5om5on1 :ile !y pass$ unnotic$ ! wond]s ( creation :i* 7 daily pres5t$ to _! view4 ,9 ! ye> #afjf1 ,galileo 0 aga9 appo9t$ to ! pr(essor%ip at ,padua1 ) an augm5t$ /ip5d ( #ebj flor9s4 ,8 popul>ity _h n[ ris5 s high1 t 8 audi5ce c\ld n be accommodat$ 9 8 lecture-room2 & ev5 :5 he _h assembl$ !m 9 ! s*ool ( m$ic9e1 :i* conta9$ #ajjj p]sons1 he 0 frequ5tly oblig$ to adj\rn to ! op5 air4 ,among ! v>iety ( pursuits :i* occupi$ 8 att5tion1 0 ! exam9ation ( ! prop]ties ( ! load/one4 ,9 #afjg1 he comm5c$ 8 exp]im5ts2 b1 ) ! exception ( a me?od ( arm+ load/ones1 :i*2 accord+ to ! report ( ,sir ,k5elm ,digby1 enabl$ !m to c>ry twice z mu* weight z o!rs1 he does n seem to h made any additions to our k ( magnetism4 ,he appe>s to h /udi$ ) c>e ! admirable "w ( our c\ntryman2 ,dr4 ,gilb]t2 ,de ,magnete1 :i* 0 publi%$ 9 #afjj2 & he recognis$2 9 ! exp]im5ts & reason+s ( ! ,engli% philosoph]2 ! pr9ciples ( t me?od ( inve/igat+ tru? :i* he _h himself adopt$4 ,gilb]t di$ 9 #afjc2 9 ! #fc;d ye> ( 8 age1 & probably nev] read ! f9e complim5t :i* 0 paid to him by ! ,italian philosoph]3--,i extremely praise1 admire1 & envy ?is au?or4 ,9 ! prec$+ pages we h br\ght d[n ! hi/ory ( ,galileo's lab\rs to t auspici\s ye> 9 :i* he fir/ direct$ ! telescope to ! heav5s4 ,no soon] 0 t noble in/rum5t plac$ 9 8 h&s1 ?an ,provid5ce releas$ him f 8 pr(essional toils1 & suppli$ him ) ! fulle/ leisure & ! ample/ means = pursu+ & complet+ ! gr&e/ discov]ies4 ,al?\gh he _h quitt$ ! s]vice & ! doma9s ( 8 munific5t patron2 ! gr& duke ( ,tuscany1 yet he ma9ta9$ 8 connection ) ! family1 by visit+ ,flor5ce dur+ 8 academic vacations1 & giv+ ma!matical in/ruction to ! y\ng] bran*es ( t di/+ui%$ h\se4 ,cosmo1 :o _h be5 "o ( 8 pupils1 n[ succe$$ 8 fa!r ,f]d9&2 & hav+ 8 m9d e>ly imbu$ ) a love ( k1 :i* _h become h]$it>y 9 8 family1 he felt t ! resid5ce ( ,galileo )9 8 dom9ions--& /ill m 8 introduction into 8 h\sehold--w\ld d hon\r to _! common c\ntry1 & reflect a lu/re ^u 8 own "n4 ,9 ! ye> #afji1 accord+ly1 ,cosmo made proposals to ,galileo to return to 8 orig9al situation at ,pisa4 ,^! ov]tures 7 gratefully receiv$2 & 9 ! arrangem5ts :i* ,galileo on ?is occasion sugge/$1 z well z 9 ! mann] 9 :i* !y 7 urg$1 we obta9 "s insight into 8 temp] & "*4 ,he in=ms ! correspond5t ?r\gh :om ,cosmo's (f] 0 convey$1 t 8 sal>y ( #ebj flor9s at ,padua w\ld be increas$ to z _m cr[ns at 8 re-election2 & t he c\ld enl>ge 8 income to any ext5t he pleas$1 by giv+ private lectures1 & receiv+ pupils4 ,8 public duties1 he /at$1 occupi$ him only sixty half-h\rs 9 ! ye>2 b 8 /udies suff]$ su* int]ruptions f ! dome/ic pupils & private lectures1 t 8 mo/ ard5t wi% 0 to be reliev$ f !m1 9 ord] t he might h suffici5t re/ & leisure1 be=e ! close ( 8 life1 to f9i% & publi% ^? great works :i* he _h 9 h&4 ,9 ! ev5t1 !re=e1 ( 8 return+ to ,pisa1 he hop$ t x w\ld be ! fir/ object ( 8 s]5e highness to give him leisure to complete 8 works )\t ! drudg]y ( lectur+4 ,he expresses 8 anxiety to ga9 8 bread by 8 writ+s1 & he promises to d$icate !m to 8 s]5e ma/]4 ,he enum]ates1 among ^! books1 two on ! sy/em ( ! univ]se2 ?ree on local motion2 ?ree books ( me*anics2 two on ! demon/ration ( pr9ciples1 & "o ( problems2 besides treatises on s\nd & spee*1 on light & col\rs1 on ! tides1 on ! composition ( cont9u\s quantity1 on ! motions ( animals1 & on ! milit>y art4 ,on ! subject ( 8 sal>y1 he makes ! foll[+ curi\s obs]vations3-- ,i say no?+1 says he1 on ! am\nt ( my sal>y2 be+ conv9c$ t1 z ,i am to live ^u x1 ! graci\sness ( 8 highness w\ld n deprive me ( any ( ^? com=ts1 ( :i*1 h[ev]1 ,i feel ! want ( less ?an _m o!rs2 &1 !re=e1 ,i say no?+ m on ! subject4 ,f9ally1 on ! title & pr(ession ( my s]vice1 ,i %\ld wi% t1 to ! title ( ma!matician1 8 highness w\ld add t ( philosoph]1 z ,i pr(ess to h /udi$ a great] numb] ( ye>s 9 philosophy1 ?an mon?s 9 pure ma!matics2 & h[ ,i h pr(it$ by x1 & if ,i c or ought to des]ve ?is title1 ,i may let _! highnesses see1 z (t5 z x %all please !m to give me an opportunity ( discuss+ su* subjects 9 _! pres5ce ) ^? :o are mo/ e/eem$ 9 ?is k4 ,dur+ ! progress ( ?is negotiation1 ,galileo w5t to ,v5ice1 on a visit to a fri5d1 9 ! mon? ( ,april or ,may1 #afji4 ,"h he le>n$1 f common rum\r1 t a ,dut*man1 ( ! "n ( ,jans51 _h pres5t$ to pr9ce ,maurice ( ,nassau an optical in/rum5t1 :i* possess$ ! s+ul> prop]ty ( caus+ di/ant objects to appe> ne>] & l>g] to ! obs]v]4 ,a few days aft]w>ds1 ! tru? ( ?is report 0 confirm$ by a lett] :i* he receiv$ f ,james ,badov]e at ,p>is1 & he imm$iately appli$ himself to ! consid]ation ( ! subject4 ,on ! fir/ night aft] 8 return to ,padua1 he f\nd1 9 ! doctr9es ( refraction1 ! pr9ciple :i* he s\ght4 ,he plac$ at ! ends ( a lead5 tube two spectacle glasses1 bo? ( :i* 7 pla9 on "o side1 :ile "o ( !m _h its o!r side convex1 & ! o!r its second side concave1 & hav+ appli$ 8 eye to ! concave glass1 he saw objects pretty l>ge & pretty ne> him4 ,?is little in/rum5t1 :i* magnifi$ only ?ree times1 he c>ri$ 9 triumph to ,v5ice1 :]e x excit$ ! mo/ int5se int]e/4 ,cr[ds ( ! pr9cipal citiz5s flock$ to 8 h\se to see ! magical toy2 & aft] ne>ly a mon? _h be5 sp5t 9 gratify+ ?is epidemical curiosity1 ,galileo 0 l$ to und]/& f ,leon>do ,deodati1 ! doge ( ,v5ice1 t ! s5ate w\ld be highly gratifi$ by obta9+ possession ( s extraord9>y an in/rum5t4 ,galileo in/antly compli$ ) ! wi%es ( 8 patrons1 :o ackn[l$g$ ! pres5t by a m&ate conf]r+ ^u him = life 8 pr(essor%ip at ,padua1 & g5]\sly rais+ 8 sal>y f #ebj to #ajjj flor9s4 ,al?\gh we _c d\bt ! v]acity ( ,galileo1 :5 he affirms t he _h nev] se5 any ( ! ,dut* telescopes1 yet x is expressly /at$ by ,fucc>ius1 t "o ( ^! in/rum5ts _h at ?is "t be5 br\ght to ,flor5ce4 ,9 a lett] f ,lor5zo ,pignoria to ,paolo ,gualdo1 dat$ f ,padua1 on ! #ca/ ( ,augu/1 #afji1 x is expressly said1 t1 at ! re-election ( ! pr(essors1 ,galileo _h contriv$ to obta9 #ajjj flor9s = life1 :i* 0 alleg$ to be on acc\nt ( an eye-glass l ! "o :i* 0 s5t f ,fl&]s to ! ,c>d9al ,borghese4 ,9 a memoir s brief & g5]al z ! pres5t1 x w\ld be out ( place to discuss ! hi/ory ( ?is extraord9>y inv5tion4 ,we h no hesitation 9 ass]t+ t a me?od ( magnify+ di/ant objects 0 kn[n to ,bapti/a ,porta & o!rs2 b x seems to be equally c]ta9 t an in/rum5t = produc+ ^! effects 0 fir/ con/ruct$ 9 ,holl&1 & t x 0 f t k+dom t ,galileo d]iv$ ! k ( its exi/5ce4 ,9 consid]+ ! cont5d+ claims1 :i* h be5 urg$ ) all ! ard\r & p>tiality ( national feel+1 x has be5 g5]ally ov]look$1 t a s+le convex l5s1 ^: focal l5g? exce$s ! di/ance at :i* we exam9e m9ute objects1 p]=ms ! "p ( a telescope1 :5 an eye1 plac$ beh9d x1 sees di/9ctly ! inv]t$ image :i* x =ms4 ,a l5s1 tw5ty feet 9 focal l5g?1 w 9 ?is mann] magnify tw5ty times2 & x 0 by ! same pr9ciple t ,sir ,william ,h]s*el discov]$ a new satellite ( ,saturn1 by us+ only ! mirror ( 8 =ty-feet telescope4 ,! in/rum5t pres5t$ to pr9ce ,maurice1 & :i* ! m>quis ,sp9ola f\nd 9 ! ,dut* optician's %op1 p]=m+ ! "p ( a philosophical toy1 by exhibit+ a magnifi$ & inv]t$ image ( a di/ant wea!rcock1 mu/ h be5 a s+le l5s su* z we h m5tion$1 or an a/ronomical telescope consi/+ ( two convex l5ses4 ,^u ei!r ( ^! suppositions1 x diff]$ entirely f t :i* ,galileo con/ruct$2 & ! ,italian philosoph] w be ju/ly entitl$ to ! hon\r ( hav+ inv5t$ t =m ( ! telescope :i* /ill be>s 8 "n4 ,! int]e/ :i* ! exhibition ( ! telescope excit$ at ,v5ice did n soon subside3 ,s]turi describes x z am\nt+ almo/ to phr5sy4 ,:5 he himself _h succe$$ 9 mak+ "o ( ^! in/rum5ts1 he asc5d$ ! t[] ( ,/4 ,m>k1 :]e he might use x )\t mole/ation4 ,he 0 recognis$1 h[ev]1 by a cr[d 9 ! /reet2 & su* 0 ! eag]ness ( _! curiosity1 t !y took possession ( ! wondr\s tube1 & deta9$ ! impati5t philosoph] = sev]al h\rs1 till !y _h successively witness$ its effects4 ,desir\s ( obta9+ ! same gratification = _! fri5ds1 !y endeav\r$ to le>n ! "n ( ! inn at :i* he lodg$2 b ,s]turi =tunately ov]he>d _! inquiries1 & quitt$ ,v5ice e>ly next morn+1 9 ord] to avoid a second visitation ( ?is new s*ool ( philosoph]s4 ,! opticians spe$ily avail$ !mselves ( ?is new in/rum5t4 ,galileo's tube1--or ! d\ble eye-glass1 z x 0 !n call$1 = ,demisiano _h n yet giv5 x ! appellation ( a telescope1--0 manufactur$ 9 great quantities1 & 9 a v sup]ior mann]4 ,! in/rum5ts 7 pur*as$ m]ely z philosophical toys1 & 7 c>ri$ by travell]s into e corn] ( ,europe4 ,! art ( gr9d+ & poli%+ l5ses 0 at ?is "t v imp]fect4 ,galileo1 & ^? :om he in/ruct$1 7 alone capable ( mak+ tol]able in/rum5ts4 ,x appe>s1 f ! te/imony ( ,gass5di & ,grtn]1 t1 9 #afcd1 a good telescope c\ld n be procur$ 9 ,p>is1 ,v5ice1 or ,am/]dam2 & t1 ev5 9 #afcg1 !re 0 n "o 9 ,holl& :i* c\ld %[ ,jupit]'s disc well def9$4 ,aft] ,galileo _h complet$ 8 fir/ in/rum5t1 :i* magnifi$ only ?ree times1 he execut$ a l>g] & m accurate "o1 ) a p[] ( ab\t eight4 ,at l5g?1 z he himself rem>ks1 sp>+ nei!r lab\r nor exp5se1 he con/ruct$ an in/rum5t s excell5t1 t x magnifi$ m ?an ?irty times4 ,! fir/ cele/ial object to :i* ,galileo appli$ 8 telescope 0 ! moon1 :i*1 to use 8 own words1 appe>$ z ne> z if x _h be5 di/ant only two semidiamet]s ( ! e>?4 ,he !n direct$ x to ! planets & ! fix$ />s1 :i* he frequ5tly obs]v$ ) incr$ible satisfaction4#h ,! obs]vations :i* he made ^u ! moon possess$ a high degree ( int]e/4 ,! g5]al resemblance ( its surface to t ( our own globe naturally fix$ 8 att5tion2 & he 0 soon able to trace1 9 almo/ e "p ( ! lun> disc1 ranges ( m\nta9s1 deep holl[s1 & o!r inequalities1 :i* reflect$ f _! summits ! rays ( ! ris+ sun1 :ile ! int]v5+ holl[s 7 /ill buri$ 9 d>kness4 ,! d>k & lum9\s spaces he reg>d$ z indicat+ seas & cont95ts1 :i* reflect$1 9 diff]5t degrees1 ! incid5t light ( ! sun2 & he ascrib$ ! phosphoresc5ce1 z x has be5 improp]ly call$1 or ! second>y light1 :i* is se5 on ! d>k limb ( ! moon 9 h] fir/ & la/ qu>t]s1 to ! reflection ( ! sun's light f ! e>?4 ,^! discov]ies 7 ill receiv$ by ! foll[]s ( ,ari/otle4 ,accord+ to _! preconceiv$ op9ions1 ! moon 0 p]fectly sph]ical1 & p]fectly smoo?2 to cov] x ) m\nta9s1 & to scoop x out into valleys1 0 an act ( impiety :i* defac$ ! regul> =ms :i* nature h]self _h impr9t$4 ,x 0 9 va9 t ,galileo appeal$ to ! evid5ce ( obs]vation1 & to ! actual surface ( our own globe4 ,! v irregul>ities on ! moon 71 9 8 op9ion1 ! pro( ( div9e wisdom3 & _h its surface be5 p]fectly smoo?1 x w\ld h be5 b a va/ unbless$ des]t1 void ( animals1 ( plants1 ( cities1 & ( m52 ! abode ( sil5ce & inaction2 s5seless1 lifeless1 s\lless1 & /ripp$ ( all ^? ornam5ts :i* n[ r5d] x s v>i\s & s beautiful4 ,9 exam9+ ! fix$ />s1 & comp>+ !m ) ! planets1 ,galileo discov]$ a rem>kable diff]5ce 9 ! appe>ance ( _! discs4 ,all ! planets appe>$ ) r\nd globul> discs l ! moon2 :]eas ! fix$ />s nev] exhibit$ any disc at all1 b resembl$ lucid po9ts s5d+ =? tw9kl+ rays4 ,/>s ( all magnitudes he f\nd to h ! same appe>ance2 ^? ( ! fif? & six? magnitude hav+ ! same "* :5 se5 ?r\gh a telescope1 z ,sirius1 ! l>ge/ ( ! />s1 :5 se5 by ! nak$ eye4 ,^u direct+ 8 telescope to nebul & clu/]s ( />s1 he 0 delight$ to f9d t !y consi/$ ( great numb]s ( />s :i* c\ld n be recognis$ by unassi/$ vision4 ,he c\nt$ no few] ?an =ty 9 ! clu/] call$ ! ,pleiades1 or ,sev5 ,/>s2 & he has giv5 u draw+s ( ?is con/ellation1 z well z ( ! belt & sword ( ,orion1 & ( ! nebula ( ,prsepe4 ,9 ! great nebula ( ! ,milky ,way1 he descri$ cr[ds ( m9ute />s2 & he conclud$ t ?is s+ul> portion d]iv$ its :it5ess f /ill small] />s1 :i* 8 telescope 0 unable to sep>ate4 ,important & int]e/+ z ^! discov]ies 71 !y 7 ?r[n into ! %ade by ^? to :i* he 0 l$ dur+ an accurate exam9ation ( ! planets ) a m p[]ful telescope4 ,on ! #g? ( ,janu>y1 #afaj1 at "o o'clock 9 ! morn+1 :5 he direct$ ?is telescope to ,jupit]1 he obs]v$ ?ree />s ne> ! body ( ! planet2 two be+ to ! ea/ & "o to ! we/ ( him4 ,!y 7 all 9 a /raight l9e1 & p>allel to ! ecliptic1 & appe>$ bright] ?an o!r />s ( ! same magnitude4 ,believ+ !m to be fix$ />s1 he paid no great att5tion to _! di/ances f ,jupit] & f "o ano!r4 ,on ! #h? ( ,janu>y1 h[ev]1 :51 f "s cause or o!r#i1 he _h be5 l$ to obs]ve ! />s aga91 he f\nd a v diff]5t arrangem5t ( !m3 all ! ?ree 7 on ! we/ side ( ,jupit]1 ne>] "o ano!r ?an be=e1 & almo/ at equal di/ances4 ,?\gh he _h n turn$ 8 att5tion to ! extraord9>y fact ( ! mutual approa* ( ! />s1 yet he began to consid] h[ ,jupit] c\ld be f\nd to ! ea/ ( ! ?ree />s1 :5 only ! day be=e he _h be5 to ! we/ ( two ( !m4 ,! only explanation :i* he c\ld give ( ?is fact 01 t ! motion ( ,jupit] 0 direct contr>y to a/ronomical calculations2 & t he _h got be=e ^! two />s by 8 own motion4 ,9 ?is dilemma betwe5 ! te/imony ( 8 s5ses & ! results ( calculation1 he wait$ = ! foll[+ night ) ! utmo/ anxiety3 b 8 hopes 7 disappo9t$2 = ! heav5s 7 :olly veil$ 9 cl\ds4 ,on ! t5?1 two only ( ! />s appe>$1 & bo? on ! ea/ ( ! planet4 ,z x 0 obvi\sly impossible t ,jupit] c\ld h advanc$ f we/ to ea/ on ! #h? ( ,janu>y1 & f ea/ to we/ on ! #aj?1 ,galileo 0 =c$ to conclude t ! ph5om5on :i* he _h obs]v$1 arose f ! motion ( ! />s1 & he set himself to obs]ve dilig5tly _! *ange ( place4 ,on ! #aa?1 !re 7 /ill only two />s2 & bo? to ! ea/ ( ,jupit]2 b ! m ea/]n /> 0 n[ twice z l>ge z ! o!r "o1 ?\gh on ! prec$+ night !y _h be5 p]fectly equal4 ,?is fact ?rew a new light ^u ,galileo's difficulties1 & he imm$iately drew ! conclusion1 :i* he consid]$ to be indubitable--t !re 7 9 ! heav5s ?ree />s :i* revolv$ r\nd ,jupit]1 9 ! same mann] z ,v5us & ,m]cury revolve r\nd ! sun4 ,on ! #ab? ( ,janu>y1 he aga9 obs]v$ !m 9 new positions1 & ( diff]5t magnitudes2 &1 on ! #ac?1 he discov]$ a f\r? />1 :i* complet$ ! f\r second>y planets ) :i* ,jupit] is surr\nd$4 ,galileo cont9u$ 8 obs]vations on ^! bodies e cle> night till ! #bb;d ( ,m>*1 & /udi$ _! motions 9 ref]5ce to fix$ />s t 7 at ! same "t )9 ! field ( 8 telescope4 ,hav+ ?us cle>ly e/abli%$ t ! f\r new />s 7 satellites or moons1 :i* revolv$ r\nd ,jupit] 9 ! same mann] z ! moon revolves r\nd our own globe1 he drew up an acc\nt ( 8 discov]y1 9 :i* he gave to ! f\r new bodies ! names ( ! ,m$icean ,/>s1 9 hon\r ( 8 patron1 ,cosmo de' ,m$ici1 gr& duke ( ,tuscany4 ,?is "w1 "u ! title ( ,nuncius ,sid]eus1 or ! ,sid]eal ,mess5g]1 0 d$icat$ to ! same pr9ce2 & ! d$ication be>s ! date ( ! #d? ( ,m>*1 only two days aft] he conclud$ 8 obs]vations4 ,! importance ( ?is great discov]y 0 in/antly felt by ! enemies z well z by ! fri5ds ( ! ,cop]nican sy/em4 ,! planets _h hi!rto be5 di/+ui%$ f ! fix$ />s only by _! relative *ange ( place2 b ! telescope prov$ !m to be bodies s ne> to our own globe z to exhibit well-def9$ discs2 :ile ! fix$ />s reta9$1 ev5 :5 magnifi$1 ! m9ut5ess ( remote & lucid po9ts4 ,! sy/em ( ,jupit]1 illum9at$ by f\r moons p]=m+ _! revolutions 9 diff]5t & regul> p]iods1 exhibit$ to our pr\d reason ! comp>ative insignificance ( ! globe we inhabit1 & proclaim$ 9 impressive language t globe 0 n ! c5tre ( ! univ]se4 ,! reception :i* ^! discov]ies met ) f ,kepl] is highly int]e/+1 & *>act]i/ic ( ! g5ius ( t great man4 ,he 0 "o day sitt+ idle1 & ?9k+ ( ,galileo1 :5 8 fri5d ,wa*5fels /opp$ 8 c>riage at 8 door1 to communicate to him ! intellig5ce4 ,su* a fit ( wond]1 says he1 seiz$ me at a report :i* seem$ to be s v absurd1 & ,i 0 ?r[n into su* agitation at see+ an old dispute betwe5 u decid$ 9 ?is way1 t betwe5 8 joy1 my col\r+1 & ! laught] ( bo?1 conf\nd$ z we 7 by su* a novelty1 we 7 h>dly capable1 he ( speak+1 or ,i ( li/5+4 ,on our p>t+1 ,i imm$iately began to ?9k h[ !re c\ld be any addition to ! numb] ( ! planets1 )\t ov]turn+ my ',cosmographic ,my/]y1' accord+ to :i* ,euclid's five regul> solids d n all[ m ?an six planets r\nd ! sun4 99 99 99 ,i am s f> f disbeliev+ ! exi/5ce ( ! f\r circumjovial planets1 t ,i long = a telescope1 to anticipate y1 if possible1 9 discov]+ two r\nd ,m>s1 z ! proportion seems to require1 six or eight r\nd ,saturn1 & p]haps "o ea* r\nd ,m]cury & ,v5us4 ,9 a v diff]5t _s did ! ,ari/otelians receive ! ,sid]eal ,mess5g] ( ,galileo4 ,! pr9cipal pr(essor ( philosophy at ,padua resi/$ ,galileo's repeat$ & urg5t entreaties to look at ! moon & planets ?r\gh 8 telescope2 & he ev5 lab\r$ to conv9ce ! gr& duke t ! satellites ( ,jupit] c\ld n possibly exi/4 ,sizzi1 an a/ronom] ( ,flor5ce1 ma9ta9$1 t z !re 7 only sev5 ap]tures 9 ! head--two eyes1 two e>s1 two no/rils1 & "o m\?--& z !re 7 only sev5 metals1 & sev5 days 9 ! week1 s !re c\ld be only sev5 planets4 ,he seems1 h[ev]1 to h admitt$ ! visibility ( ! f\r satellites ?r\gh ! telescope2 b he argues1 t z !y are invisible to ! nak$ eye1 !y c ex]cise no influ5ce on ! e>?2 & be+ useless1 !y d n !re=e exi/4 ,a protg ( ,kepl]'s1 ( ! "n ( ,horky1 wrote a volume aga9/ ,galileo's discov]y1 aft] hav+ decl>$1 t he w\ld nev] conc$e 8 f\r new planets to t ,italian f ,padua1 ev5 if he %\ld die = x4 ,?is resolute ,ari/otelian 0 at no loss = argum5ts4 ,he ass]t$ t he _h exam9$ ! heav5s ?r\gh ,galileo's own glass1 & t no su* ?+ z a satellite exi/$ r\nd ,jupit]4 ,he affirm$1 t he did n m surely "k t he _h a s\l 9 8 body1 ?an t reflect$ rays are ! sole cause ( ,galileo's errone\s obs]vations2 & t ! only use ( ! new planets 0 to gratify ,galileo's ?ir/ = gold1 & af=d himself a subject ( discussion4 ,:5 ,horky fir/ pres5t$ himself to ,kepl]1 aft] ! publication ( ?is "w1 ! op9ion ( 8 patron 0 ann\nc$ to him by a bur/ ( indignation :i* ov]:elm$ ! a/oni%$ au?or4 ,horky supplicat$ m]cy = 8 (f5ce2 &1 z ,kepl] himself in=m$ ,galileo1 he took him aga9 into fav\r1 on ! condition t ,kepl] 0 to %[ him ,jupit]'s satellites2 & t ,horky 0 n only to see !m1 b to admit _! exi/5ce4 ,:5 ! _s ( philosophy _h ?us left ! individuals :o bore h] sacr$ "n1 x 0 =tunate = sci5ce t x f\nd a refuge 9 ! m9ds ( pr9ces4 ,not)/&+ ! reit]at$ logic ( 8 philosophical pr(essor at ,padua1 ,cosmo de' ,m$ici pref]r$ ! te/imony ( 8 s5ses to ! syllogisms ( 8 in/ructor4 ,he obs]v$ ! new planets sev]al times1 along ) ,galileo1 at ,pisa2 & :5 he p>t$ ) him1 he gave him a pres5t wor? m ?an #ajjj flor9s1 & conclud$ t lib]al arrangem5t to :i* we h already ref]r$4 ,z philosoph] & pr9cipal ma!matician to ! gr& duke ( ,tuscany1 ,galileo n[ took up 8 resid5ce at ,flor5ce1 ) a sal>y ( #ajjj flor9s4 ,no (ficial duties1 except+ t ( lectur+ occasionally to sov]eign pr9ces1 7 atta*$ to ?is appo9tm5t2 & x 0 expressly /ipulat$ t he %\ld enjoy ! mo/ p]fect leisure to complete 8 treatises on ! con/itution ( ! univ]se1 on me*anics1 & on local motion4 ,! resignation ( 8 pr(essor%ip at ,padua1 :i* necess>ily foll[$ 8 new appo9tm5t1 creat$ mu* dissatisfaction 9 t univ]sity3 b ?\gh _m ( 8 =m] fri5ds refus$ at fir/ to hold any communication ) him1 ?is feel+ gradually subsid$2 & ! ,v5etian s5ate at la/ appreciat$ ! views1 z well z ! p[]ful motives1 :i* induc$ a /rang] to accept ( promotion 9 8 native l&4 ,:ile ,galileo 0 enjoy+ ! rew>d & ! fame ( 8 great discov]y1 a new species ( enmity 0 r\s$ aga9/ !m4 ,simon ,may]1 an a/ronom] ( no "*1 pret5d$ t he _h discov]$ ! satellites ( ,jupit] be=e ,galileo1 & t 8 fir/ obs]vation 0 made on ! #bi? ( ,decemb]1 #afji4 ,o!r a/ronom]s ann\nc$ ! discov]y ( new satellites3 ,s*e9] reckon$ five1 ,rheita n9e1 & o!rs f\nd ev5 s _m z twelve3 ^! satellites1 h[ev]1 7 f\nd to be only fix$ />s4 ,! names ( ,vladislavian1 ,agripp9e1 ,uranodavian1 & ,f]d9&ot]tian1 :i* 7 ha/ily giv5 to ^! common telescopic />s1 soon disappe>$ f ! page ( sci5ce1 & ev5 ! spl5did telescopes ( mod]n times h n be5 able to add ano!r gem to ! diadem ( ,jupit]4 ,a mod]n a/ronom] ( no mean celebrity has1 ev5 9 ! pres5t day1 endeav\r$ to rob ,galileo ( ?is /aple article ( 8 reputation4 ,f a c>eless exam9ation ( ! pap]s ( our celebrat$ c\ntryman1 ,?omas ,h>riot1 :i* b>on ,za* _h made 9 #aghd1 at ,petwor?1 ! seat ( "l ,egremont1 ?is a/ronom] has ass]t$#aj t ,h>riot fir/ obs]v$ ! satellites ( ,jupit] on ! #af? ( ,janu>y1 #afaj2 & cont9u$ 8 obs]vations till ! #be? ( ,febru>y1 #afab4 ,b>on ,za* adds ! foll[+ extraord9>y conclusion3--,galileo pret5ds to h discov]$ !m on ! #g? ( ,janu>y1 #afaj2 s t x is n improbable t ,h>riot 0 likewise ! fir/ discov]] ( ^! att5dants ( ,jupit]4 ,9 a communication :i* ,i receiv$ f ,dr4 ,rob]tson1 ( ,ox=d1 9 #ahbbaa1 he in=m$ me t he _h exam9$ a class ( ,h>riot's pap]s1 entitl$1 ,de ,jovialibus ,planetis2 & t x appe>s1 f two pages ( ^! pap]s1 t ,h>riot fir/ obs]v$ ,jupit]'s satellites on ! #ag? ( ,octob]1 #afaj4 ,^! obs]vations are accompani$ ) r\gh draw+s ( ! positions ( ! satellites1 & r\gh calculations ( _! p]iodical revolutions4 ,my fri5d1 pr(essor ,rigaud#ab1 :o has v rec5tly exam9$ ! ,h>riot ,,mss41 has confirm$ ! accuracy ( ,dr4 ,rob]tson's obs]vations1 & has ?us re/or$ to ,galileo ! hon\r ( be+ ! fir/ & ! sole discov]] ( ^! second>y planets4 ,! great success :i* att5d$ ! fir/ telescopic obs]vations ( ,galileo1 induc$ him to apply 8 be/ in/rum5ts to ! o!r planets ( our sy/em4 ,! attempts :i* _h be5 made to deprive him ( ! hon\r ( "s ( 8 discov]ies1 comb9$1 probably1 ) a desire to repeat 8 obs]vations ) bett] telescopes1 l$ him to ann\nce 8 discov]ies "u ! veil ( an enigma2 & to invite a/ronom]s to decl>e1 )9 a giv5 "t1 if !y _h obs]v$ any new ph5om5a 9 ! heav5s4 ,be=e ! close ( #afaj1 ,galileo excit$ ! curiosity ( a/ronom]s1 by ! publication ( 8 fir/ enigma4 ,kepl] & o!rs tri$ 9 va9 to deciph] x2 b 9 consequ5ce ( ! emp]or ,rodolph reque/+ a solution ( ! puzzle1 ,galileo s5t him ! foll[+ clue3-- ,altissimam planetam t]gem9am obs]vavi4 ,i h obs]v$ t ! mo/ remote planet is triple4 ,9 expla9+ m fully ! nature ( 8 obs]vation1 ,galileo rem>k$ t ,saturn 0 n a s+le />1 b ?ree toge!r1 ne>ly t\*+ "o ano!r3 he describ$ !m z hav+ no relative motion1 & z hav+ ! =m ( ?ree o's1 namely1 o,oo1 ! c5tral "o be+ l>g] ?an ^? on ea* side ( x4 ,al?\gh ,galileo _h ann\nc$ t no?+ new appe>$ 9 ! o!r planets1 yet he soon communicat$ to ! _w ano!r discov]y ( no slight int]e/4 ,! enigmatical lett]s 9 :i* x 0 conceal$1 =m$ ! foll[+ s5t5ce3-- ,cyn?ia figuras mulatur mat] ,amorum4 ,v5us rivals ! phases ( ! moon4 ,hi!rto1 ,galileo _h obs]v$ ,v5us :5 h] disc 0 l>gely illum9at$2 b hav+ direct$ 8 telescope to h] :5 %e 0 n f> remov$ f ! sun1 he saw h] 9 ! =m ( a cresc5t1 resembl+ exactly ! moon at ! same elongation f ! sun4 ,he cont9u$ to obs]ve h] night aft] night1 dur+ ! :ole "t t %e c\ld be se5 9 ! c\rse ( h] revolution r\nd ! sun1 & he f\nd t %e exhibit$ ! v same phases :i* result$ f h] motion r\nd t lum9>y4 ,galileo _h long contemplat$ a visit to ! metropolis ( ,italy1 & he accord+ly c>ri$ 8 int5tions into effect 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! ye> #afaa4 ,"h he 0 receiv$ ) t di/9ction :i* 0 due to 8 great tal5ts & 8 ext5d$ reputation4 ,pr9ces1 c>d9als1 & prelates ha/5$ to d him hon\r2 & ev5 ^? :o discr$it$ 8 discov]ies1 & dread$ _! results1 vi$ ) ! true fri5ds ( sci5ce 9 _! anxiety to see ! fir/ wond] ( ! age4 ,9 ord] to %[ ! new cele/ial ph5om5a to 8 fri5ds at ,rome1 ,galileo took ) him 8 be/ telescope2 & z he _h discov]$ ! spots on ! sun's surface 9 ! mon? ( ,m>*1 #afaa1 he _h ! gratification ( exhibit+ ?is new wond] to 8 admir+ disciples4 ,he accord+ly erect$ 8 telescope 9 ! ,quir9al g>d51 belong+ to c>d9al ,b&9i2 & 9 ,april1 #afaa1 he exhibit$ !m to 8 fri5ds 9 _m ( _! mo/ int]e/+ v>iations4 ,f _! *ange ( position on ! sun's disc1 ,galileo at fir/ inf]r$1 ei!r t ! sun revolv$ ab\t an axis2 or t o!r planets1 l ,v5us & ,m]cury1 revolv$ s ne> ! sun z to appe> l black spots :5 !y 7 opposite to 8 disc4 ,^u cont9u+ 8 obs]vations1 h[ev]1 he saw reason to ab&on ?is la/ op9ion4 ,he f\nd1 t ! spots mu/ be 9 contact ) ! surface ( ! sun2 t _! figures 7 irregul>2 t !y _h diff]5t degrees ( d>kness2 t "o spot w\ld (t5 divide itself into ?ree or f\r2 t ?ree or f\r spots w\ld (t5 unite !mselves into "o2 & t all ! spots revolv$ regul>ly ) ! sun1 :i* appe>$ to complete its revolution 9 ab\t tw5ty-eight days4 ,previ\s to ! inv5tion ( ! telescope1 spots _h be5 m ?an once se5 on ! sun's disc ) ! unassi/$ eye4 ,b ev5 if ^! 7 ( ! same "* z ^? :i* ,galileo & o!rs obs]v$1 we _c consid] !m z anticipations ( _! discov]y by ! telescope4 ,z ! telescope 0 n[ 9 ! possession ( sev]al a/ronom]s1 ,galileo began to h _m rivals 9 discov]y2 & x is n[ plac$ beyond ! rea* ( d\bt1 t he 0 n ! fir/ discov]] ( ! sol> spots4 ,f ! communication :i* ,i receiv$ f ! late ,dr4 ,rob]tson1 ( ,ox=d#ac1 x appe>s t ,?omas ,h>riot _h discov]$ ! sol> spots on or be=e ! #h? ( ,decemb]1 #afaj4 ,8 manuscripts1 9 "l ,egremont's possession1 inconte/ably prove t 8 regul> obs]vations on ! spots comm5c$ on ! #h? ( ,decemb]1 #afaj1--;at lea/ ?ree mon?s be=e ,galileo discov]$ !m2 & t !y 7 cont9u$ till ! #ah? ( ,janu>y1 #afac4 ,! obs]vations :i* he has record$ are #aii 9 numb]2 & ! acc\nts ( !m are accompani$ ) r\gh draw+s repres5t+ ! numb]1 position1 & magnitude ( ! spots4#ad ,ano!r c&idate = ! hon\r ( discov]+ ! spots ( ! sun1 0 ,john ,fabricius1 :o und\bt$ly saw !m previ\s to ,june1 #afaa4 ,! d$ication ( ! "w#ae 9 :i* he has record$ 8 obs]vation1 be>s ! date ( ! #ac? ( ,june1 #afaa2 & x is obvi\s1 f ! "w itself1 t he _h se5 ! spots dur+ ! ye> #afaj3 b z !re is no pro( t he saw !m be=e ! #h? ( ,decemb]1 #afaj1 & z x is probable t ,h>riot _h se5 !m be=e t date1 we are compell$ to assign ! priority ( ! discov]y to our di/+ui%$ c\ntryman4 ,! claim ( ,s*e9]1 pr(essor ( ma!matics at ,+ol/adt1 is m intimately connect$ ) ! hi/ory ( ,galileo4 ,?is le>n$ a/ronom] hav+1 e>ly 9 #afaa1 turn$ 8 telescope to ! sun1 necess>ily discov]$ ! spots :i* at t "t cov]$ 8 disc4 ,light fly+ cl\ds happ5$1 at ! "t1 to weak5 ! int5sity ( 8 light1 s t he 0 able to %[ ! spots to 8 pupils4 ,^! obs]vations 7 n publi%$ till ,janu>y1 #afab2 & !y appe>$ 9 ! =m ( ?ree lett]s1 address$ to ,m>k ,vels]1 "o ( ! magi/rates ( ,augsburg1 "u ! signature ( ,apelles po/ ,tabulam4 ,s*e9]1 :o1 _m ye>s aft]w>ds1 publi%$ an elaborate "w on ! subject1 adopt$ ! same idea :i* _h at fir/ occurr$ to ,galileo1--t ! spots 7 ! d>k sides ( planets revolv+ r\nd & ne> ! sun4#af ,on ! publication ( ,s*e9]'s lett]s ,vels] transmitt$ a copy ( !m to 8 fri5d ,galileo1 ) ! reque/ t he w\ld fav\r him ) 8 op9ion ( ! new ph5om5a4 ,aft] "s delay1 ,galileo address$ ?ree lett]s to ,vels]1 9 :i* he combat$ ! op9ions ( ,s*e9] on ! cause ( ! spots4 ,^! lett]s 7 dat$ ! #d? ( ,may1 #afab2 b ?\gh ! controv]sy 0 c>ri$ on 9 ! language ( mutual respect & e/eem1 x put an end to ! fri5d%ip :i* _h exi/$ betwe5 ! two a/ronom]s4 ,9 ^! lett]s1 ,galileo %[$ t ! spots (t5 disp]s$ l vap\rs or cl\ds2 t !y sometimes _h a duration ( only "o or two days1 & at o!r times ( ?irty or =ty days2 t !y contract$ 9 _! bread? :5 !y approa*$ ! sun's limb1 )\t any dim9ution ( _! l5g?2 t !y describe circles p>allel to ea* o!r2 t ! mon?ly rotation ( ! sun aga9 br+s ! same spots into view2 & t !y are seldom se5 at a great] di/ance ?an #cj f ! sun's equator4 ,galileo1 likewise1 discov]$ on ! sun's disc facul1 or luculi1 z !y 7 call$1 :i* diff] 9 no respect f ! common ones b 9 _! be+ bright] ?an ! re/ ( ! sun's surface4#ag ,9 ! la/ ( ! lett]s :i* our au?or address$ to ,vels]1 & :i* 0 writt5 9 ,decemb]1 #afab1 he recurs to 8 =m] discov]y ( ! elongat$ %ape1 or r ! triple /ructure1 ( ,saturn4 ,! s+ul> figure :i* he _h obs]v$ 9 ?is planet _h entirely disappe>$2 & he evid5tly ann\nces ! fact to ,vels]1 le/ x %\ld be us$ by 8 enemies to discr$it ! accuracy ( 8 obs]vations4 ,look+ on ,saturn1 says he1 )9 ^! few days1 ,i f\nd x solit>y1 )\t ! assi/ance ( its accu/om$ />s1 &1 9 %ort1 p]fectly r\nd & def9$ l ,jupit]2 & su* x /ill rema9s4 ,n[1 :at c be said ( s /range a metamorphosis8 ,are ! two small] />s consum$ l ! spots on ! sun8 ,h !y sudd5ly vani%$ & fl$8 or has ,saturn dev\r$ 8 own *ildr58 or 0 ! appe>ance inde$ fraud & illusion1 ) :i* ! glasses h = s long a "t mock$ me1 & s _m o!rs :o h (t5 obs]v$ ) me8 ,n[1 p]haps1 ! "t is come to revive ! )]+ hopes ( ^? :o1 guid$ by m pr(\nd contemplations1 h foll[$ all ! fallacies ( ! new obs]vations1 & recognis$ _! impossibilities4 ,i _c resolve :at to say 9 a *ance s /range1 s new1 & s unexpect$2 ! %ortness ( ! "t1 ! unexampl$ occurr5ce1 ! weakness ( my intellect1 & ! t]ror ( be+ mi/ak51 h greatly conf\nd$ me4 ,al?\gh ,galileo /ruggl$ to obta9 a solution ( ?is my/]y1 yet he _h n ! good =tune ( succe$+4 ,he imag9$ t ! two small] />s w\ld reappe>1 9 consequ5ce ( ! suppos$ revolution ( ! planet r\nd its axis2 b ! discov]y ( ! r+ ( ,saturn1 & ( ! obliquity ( its plane to ! ecliptic1 0 necess>y to expla9 ! ph5om5a :i* 7 s p]plex+ to our au?or4 ,! ill heal? to :i* ,galileo 0 occasionally subject1 & ! belief t ! air ( ,flor5ce 0 prejudicial to 8 compla9ts1 induc$ him to sp5d mu* ( 8 "t at ,selve1 ! villa ( 8 fri5d ,salviati4 ,?is em95t individual _h ev] be5 ! w>me/ fri5d ( ,galileo1 & seems to h delight$ 9 draw+ r\nd him ! sci5tific g5ius ( ! age4 ,he 0 a memb] ( ! celebrat$ ,lyncan ,society1 f\nd$ by ,pr9ce ,fr$]igo ,cesi2 & ?\gh he is n kn[n z ! au?or ( any important discov]y1 yet he has e>n$1 by 8 lib]ality to sci5ce1 a glori\s "n1 :i* w be indissolubly unit$ ) ! immortal de/9y ( ,galileo4 ,! subject ( float+ bridges hav+ be5 discuss$ at "o ( ! sci5tific p>ties :i* _h assembl$ at ! h\se ( ,salviati1 a diff]5ce ( op9ion arose respect+ ! influ5ce ( ! %ape ( bodies on _! disposition to float or to s9k 9 a fluid4 ,contr>y to ! g5]al op9ion1 ,galileo und]took to prove t x dep5d$ on o!r causes3 & he 0 ?us l$ to compose 8 disc\rse on float+ bodies#ah1 :i* 0 publi%$ 9 #afab1 & d$icat$ to ,cosmo de' ,m$ici4 ,?is "w conta9s _m +5i\s exp]im5ts1 & mu* acute reason+ 9 support ( ! true pr9ciples ( hydro/atics2 & x is n[ *iefly rem>kable z a specim5 ( ! sagacity & intellectual p[] ( its au?or4 ,l all 8 o!r works1 x enc\nt]$ ! mo/ viol5t opposition2 & ,galileo 0 m ?an once summon$ into ! field to repel ! aggressions ( 8 ignorant & presumptu\s oppon5ts4 ,! fir/ attack ^u x 0 made by ,ptolemy ,nozzol9i1 9 a lett] to ,m>zem$ici1 ar*bi%op ( ,flor5ce#ai2 & to ?is ,galileo repli$ 9 a lett] address$ to 8 antagoni/4#bj ,a m elaborate exam9ation ( x 0 publi%$ by ,lodovico delle ,colombe1 & ano!r by ,m4 ,v9c5zo di ,grazia4 ,to ^! attacks1 a m9ute & ov]:elm+ answ] 0 pr9t$ 9 ! "n ( ,b5$etti ,ca/elli1 ! fri5d & pupil ( ,galileo2 b x 0 discov]$1 "s ye>s aft] ,galileo's dea?1 t he 0 himself ! au?or ( ?is "w4#ba ,! curr5t ( ,galileo's life _h hi!rto fl[$ 9 a smoo? & unob/ruct$ *annel4 ,he _h n[ atta9$ ! highe/ objects ( e>?ly ambition4 ,8 discov]ies _h plac$ him at ! head ( ! great m5 ( 8 age2 he possess$ a pr(essional income f> beyond 8 wants1 & ev5 beyond 8 anticipations2 &1 :at is /ill de>] to a philosoph]1 he enjoy$ ! mo/ p]fect leisure = c>ry+ on & complet+ 8 discov]ies4 ,! opposition :i* ^! discov]ies enc\nt]$1 0 to him m a subject = triumph ?an = sorr[4 ,prejudice & ignorance 7 8 only enemies2 & if !y succe$$ = a :ile 9 h>ass+ 8 m>*1 x 0 only to give him occasion = fre% a*ievem5ts4 ,he :o cont5ds = tru?s :i* he has himself be5 p]mitt$ to discov]1 may well su/a9 ! conflict 9 :i* presumption & error are de/9$ to fall4 ,! public tribunal may nei!r be suffici5tly pure nor enlight5$ to decide ^u ! issue2 b he c appeal to po/]ity1 & reckon ) confid5ce on its sure decree4 ,! ard\r ( ,galileo's m9d1 ! ke5ness ( 8 temp]1 8 cle> p]ception ( tru?1 & 8 inext+ui%able love ( x1 comb9$ to exasp]ate & prolong ! ho/ility ( 8 enemies4 ,:5 argum5t fail$ to enlight5 _! judgm5t1 & reason to remove _! prejudices1 he wield$ aga9/ !m 8 p[]ful weapons ( ridicule & s>casm2 & 9 ?is unrel5t+ w>f>e1 he seems to h =gott5 t ,provid5ce _h )held f 8 enemies ^? v gifts :i* he _h s lib]ally receiv$4 ,he :o is all[$ to take ! />t ( 8 species1 & to p5etrate ! veil :i* conceals f common m9ds ! my/]ies ( nature1 mu/ n expect t ! _w w be pati5tly dragg$ at ! *>iot :eels ( 8 philosophy4 ,m9d has its in]tia1 z well z matt]2 & its progress to tru? c only be insur$ by ! gradual & pati5t removal ( ! ob/ructions :i* surr\nd x4 ,! boldness--may we n say ! recklessness8--) :i* ,galileo insi/$ ^u mak+ proselytes ( 8 enemies1 produc$ ! v opposite effect4 ,errors ?us assail$1 entr5*$ !mselves 9 g5]al feel+s1 & 7 embalm$ 9 ! virul5ce ( ! passions4 ,! v>i\s classes ( 8 oppon5ts m>%all$ !mselves = _! mutual def5ce4 ,! ,ari/otelian pr(essors1 ! temporis+ ,jesuits1 ! political *ur*m51 & t timid b respectable body :o at all times dread innovation1 :e!r x be 9 religion or 9 sci5ce1 ent]$ into an alliance aga9/ ! philosophical tyrant :o ?reat5$ !m ) ! p5alties ( k4 ,! p>ty ( ,galileo1 ?\gh weak 9 numb]s1 0 n )\t p[] & influ5ce4 ,he _h tra9$ ar\nd him a devot$ b&1 :o idolis$ 8 g5ius & support$ 8 views4 ,8 pupils _h be5 appo9t$ to sev]al ( ! pr9cipal pr(essor%ips 9 ,italy4 ,! enemies ( religion 7 on ?is occasion unit$ ) ! ,*ri/ian philosoph]2 & !re 71 ev5 9 ^! days1 _m pr9ces & nobles :o _h felt ! inconv5i5ce ( ecclesia/ical jurisdiction1 & :o secretly abett$ ,galileo 9 8 crusade aga9/ e/abli%$ errors4 ,al?\gh ^! two p>ties _h be5 long dread+ ea* o!r's p[]1 & reconnoitr+ ea* o!r's position1 yet we _c exactly det]m9e :i* ( !m hoi/$ ! fir/ signal = w>4 ,! *ur* p>ty1 p>ticul>ly its high dignit>ies1 7 c]ta9ly dispos$ to re/ on ! def5sive4 ,flank$ on "o side by ! logic ( ! s*ools1 & on ! o!r by ! popul> int]pretation ( ,scripture1 & back$ by ! /rong arm ( ! civil p[]1 !y 7 n dispos$ to int]f]e ) ! prosecution ( sci5ce1 h[ev] mu* !y may h dread$ its influ5ce4 ,! philosoph]s1 on ! contr>y1 unit$ ! zeal ( innovators ) ! firmness ( purpose :i* tru? alone c inspire4 ,victori\s 9 e conte/1 !y 7 flu%$ ) success1 & !y pant$ = a /ruggle 9 :i* !y knew !y mu/ triumph4 ,9 ?is /ate ( w>like prep>ation ,galileo address$ a lett]1 9 #afac1 to 8 fri5d & pupil1 ! abb ,ca/elli1 ! object ( :i* 0 to prove t ! ,scriptures 7 n int5d$ to tea* u sci5ce & philosophy4 ,h5ce he inf]r$1 t ! language employ$ 9 ! sacr$ volume 9 ref]5ce to su* subjects %\ld be int]pret$ only 9 its common acceptation2 & t x 0 9 reality z difficult to reconcile ! ,ptolemaic z ! ,cop]nican sy/em to ! expressions :i* occur 9 ! ,bible4 ,a demon/ration 0 ab\t ?is "t made by ! opposite p>ty1 9 ! p]son ( ,cacc9i1 a ,dom9ican fri>1 :o made a p]sonal attack ^u ,galileo f ! pulpit4 ,?is viol5t ecclesia/ic ridicul$ ! a/ronom] & 8 foll[]s1 by address+ !m 9 ! sacr$ language ( ,scripture2 ,ye m5 ( ,galilee1 :y /& ye "h look+ up into heav58 ,b ?is species ( w>f>e 0 disapprov$ ( ev5 by ! *ur*2 & ,luigi ,m>affi1 ! g5]al ( ! ,dom9icans1 n only apologis$ to ,galileo1 :o _h transmitt$ to him a =mal compla9t aga9/ ,cacc9i1 b express$ ! acut5ess ( 8 own feel+s on be+ implicat$ 9 ! brutal conduct ( ?irty or =ty ?\s& monks4 ,f ! "* ( ,cacc9i1 & ! "p :i* he aft]w>ds play$ 9 ! p]secution ( ,galileo1 we c sc>cely avoid ! op9ion t 8 attack f ! pulpit 0 int5d$ z a sn>e = ! unw>y philosoph]4 ,x r\s$ ,galileo f 8 wont$ caution2 & /imulat$1 no d\bt1 by ! nature ( ! answ] :i* he receiv$ f ,m>affi1 he publi%$ a long] lett] ( sev5ty pages1 def5d+ & illu/rat+ 8 =m] views respect+ ! influ5ce ( scriptural language on ! two cont5d+ sy/ems4 ,z if to give ! impress ( royal au?ority to ?is new appeal1 he address$ x to ,*ri/ian1 gr&-du*ess ( ,tuscany1 ! "m ( ,cosmo2 & 9 ?is =m x seems to h excit$ a new int]e/1 z if x _h express$ ! op9ion ( ! gr&-ducal family4 ,^! ext]nal circum/ances gave additional weight to ! p[]ful & unansw]able reason+ :i* ?is lett] conta9s2 & x 0 sc>cely possible t any man1 possess$ ( a s\nd m9d1 & will+ to le>n ! tru?1 %\ld refuse 8 ass5t to ! judici\s views ( our au?or4 ,he expresses 8 belief t ! ,scriptures 7 giv5 to in/ruct mank9d respect+ _! salvation1 & t ! faculties ( our m9ds 7 giv5 u = ! purpose ( inve/igat+ ! ph5om5a ( nature4 ,he consid]s ,scripture & nature z proce$+ f ! same div9e au?or1 &1 !re=e1 incapable ( speak+ a diff]5t language2 & he po9ts out ! absurdity ( suppos+ t pr(essors ( a/ronomy w %ut _! eyes to ! ph5om5a :i* !y discov] 9 ! heav5s1 or w refuse to believe ^? d$uctions ( reason :i* appeal to _! judgm5t ) all ! p[] ( demon/ration4 ,he supports ^! views by quotations f ! anci5t fa!rs2 & he ref]s to ! d$ication ( ,cop]nicus's own "w to ! ,roman pontiff1 ,paul ,,iii41 z a pro( t ! pope himself did n reg>d ! new sy/em ( ! _w z ho/ile to ! sacr$ writ+s4 ,cop]nicus1 on ! contr>y1 tells 8 hol9ess1 t ! reason ( inscrib+ to him 8 new sy/em 01 t ! au?ority ( ! pontiff might put to sil5ce ! calumnies ( "s individuals1 :o attack$ x by argum5ts drawn f passages ( ,scripture twi/$ = _! own purpose4 ,x 0 9 va9 to meet su* argum5ts by any o!r weapons ?an ^? ( ! civil p[]4 ,8 enemies saw t !y mu/ ei!r cru% ! dang]\s innovation1 or all[ x ! fulle/ scope2 & !y det]m9$ ^u an appeal to ! inquisition4 ,lor9i1 a monk ( ! ,dom9ican ord]1 _h already d5\nc$ to ?is body ,galileo's lett] to ,ca/elli2 & ,cacc9i1 brib$ by ! ma/]%ip ( ! conv5t ( ,/4 ,m>y ( ,m9]va1 0 invit$ to settle at ,rome = ! purpose ( embody+ ! evid5ce aga9/ ,galileo4 ,?\gh ^! plans _h be5 c>ri$ on 9 secret1 yet ,galileo's suspicions 7 excit$2 & he obta9$ leave f ,cosmo to g to ,rome ab\t ! end ( #afae4bb ,"h he 0 lodg$ 9 ! palace ( ! gr& duke's ambassador1 & kept up a con/ant correspond5ce ) ! family ( 8 patron at ,flor5ce2 b1 9 ! mid/ ( ?is ext]nal spl5d\r1 he 0 summon$ be=e ! inquisition to answ] = ! h]etical doctr9es :i* he _h publi%$4 ,he 0 *>g$ ) ma9ta9+ ! motion ( ! e>?1 & ! /ability ( ! sun1 ) tea*+ ?is doctr9e to 8 pupils1 ) correspond+ on ! subject ) sev]al ,g]man ma!maticians1 & ) hav+ publi%$ x1 & attempt$ to reconcile x to ,scripture1 9 8 lett]s to ,m>k ,vels] 9 #afab4 ,! inquisition assembl$ to consid] ^! *>ges on ! #be? ( ,febru>y1 #afae2 & x 0 decre$ t ,galileo %\ld be enjo9$ by c>d9al ,bell>m9e to r5\nce ! obnoxi\s doctr9es1 & to pl$ge himself t he w\ld nei!r tea*1 def5d1 nor publi% !m 9 future4 ,9 ! ev5t ( 8 refus+ to acquiesce 9 ?is s5t5ce1 x 0 decre$ t he %\ld be ?r[n into prison4 ,galileo did n hesitate to yield to ?is injunction4 ,on ! day foll[+1 ! #bf? ( ,febru>y1 he appe>$ be=e c>d9al ,bell>m9e1 to r5\nce 8 h]etical op9ions2 &1 hav+ decl>$ t he ab&on$ ! doctr9e ( ! e>?'s motion1 & w\ld nei!r def5d nor tea* x1 9 8 conv]sation or 9 8 writ+s1 he 0 dismiss$ ! c\rt4 ,hav+ ?us dispos$ ( ,galileo1 ! inquisition conceiv$ ! design ( condemn+ ! :ole sy/em ( ,cop]nicus z h]etical4 ,galileo1 ) m h>dihood ?an prud5ce1 rema9$ at ,rome = ! purpose ( giv+ 8 assi/ance 9 fru/rat+ ?is plan2 b !re is reason to ?9k t he injur$ by 8 pres5ce ! v cause :i* he meant to support4 ,! inquisition _h det]m9$ to put d[n ! new op9ions2 & !y n[ ins]t$ among ! prohibit$ books ,galileo's lett]s to ,ca/elli & ! gr& du*ess1 ,kepl]'s epitome ( ! ,cop]nican !ory1 & ,cop]nicus's own "w on ! revolutions ( ! heav5ly bodies4 ,not)/&+ ^! proce$+s1 ,galileo _h an audi5ce ( ! pope1 ,paul ,v41 9 ,m>*1 #afaf4 ,he 0 receiv$ v graci\sly1 & sp5t ne>ly an h\r ) 8 hol9ess4 ,:5 !y 7 ab\t to "p1 ! pope assur$ ,galileo1 t ! congregation 7 n dispos$ to receive ^u light gr\nds any calumnies :i* might be propagat$ by 8 enemies1 & t1 z long z he occupi$ ! papal *air1 he might consid] himself z safe4 ,^! assurances 7 no d\bt f\nd$ on ! belief t ,galileo w\ld adh]e to 8 pl$ges2 b s bold & inconsid]ate 0 he 9 ! expression ( 8 op9ions1 t ev5 9 ,rome he 0 cont9ually engag$ 9 controv]sial discussions4 ,! foll[+ v int]e/+ acc\nt ( ^! disputes is giv5 by ,qu]5ghi1 9 a lett] to ! c>d9al ,d',e/e3-- ,y\r em95ce w\ld be delight$ ) ,galileo if y he>d him hold+ =?1 z he (t5 does1 9 ! mid/ ( fifte5 or tw5ty1 all viol5tly attack+ him1 sometimes 9 "o h\se1 sometimes 9 ano!r4 ,b he is arm$ aft] su* fa%ion t he laughs all ( !m to scorn1--& ev5 if ! novelty ( 8 op9ions prev5ts entire p]suasion1 at lea/ he convicts ( empt9ess mo/ ( ! argum5ts ) :i* 8 adv]s>ies endeav\r to ov]:elm him4 ,he 0 p>ticul>ly admirable on ,monday la/ 9 ! h\se ( signor ,fr$]ico ,ghisili]i2 & :at especially pleas$ me 01 t be=e reply+ to ! contr>y argum5ts1 he amplifi$ & en=c$ !m ) new gr\nds ( great plausibility1 s z to leave 8 adv]s>ies 9 a m ridicul\s plight1 :5 he aft]w>ds ov]turn$ !m all4 ,! discov]y ( ,jupit]'s satellites sugge/$ to ,galileo a new me?od ( f9d+ ! longitude at sea4 ,philip ,,iii4 _h enc\rag$ a/ronom]s to direct _! att5tion to ?is problem1 by (f]+ a rew>d = its solution2 & 9 ^? days1 :5 new discov]ies 9 sci5ce 7 sometimes reject$ z injuri\s to mank9d1 x 0 no common ev5t to see a p[]ful sov]eign c\rt+ ! assi/ance ( a/ronom]s 9 promot+ ! comm]cial int]e/s ( 8 empire4 ,galileo seems to h reg>d$ ! solution ( ?is problem z an object wor?y ( 8 ambition2 & he no d\bt anticipat$ ! triumph :i* he w\ld obta9 ov] 8 enemies1 if ! ,m$icean />s1 :i* !y _h treat$ ) su* contempt1 c\ld be made subs]vi5t to ! great int]e/s ( mank9d4 ,dur+ 8 resid5ce at ,rome 9 #afae & #afaf1 ,galileo _h communicat$ 8 views on ?is subject to ! comte di ,lemos1 ! vic]oy ( ,naples1 :o _h presid$ ov] ! c\ncil ( ! ,spani% ,indies4 ,?is nobleman advis$ him to apply to ! ,spani% m9i/]1 ! duke ( ,l]ma2 &1 ?r\gh ! influ5ce ( ! gr& duke ,cosmo1 8 ambassador at ! c\rt ( ,madrid 0 engag$ to manage ! affair4 ,! anxiety ( ,galileo on ?is subject 0 s+ul>ly great4 ,he assur$ ! ,tuscan ambassador t1 9 ord] to accompli% ?is object1 he 0 ready to leave all 8 com=ts1 8 c\ntry1 8 fri5ds1 & 8 family1 to cross ov] into ,spa91 & to /ay z long z he might be want$ at ,seville or at ,lisbon1 or :]ev] x might be conv5i5t to communicate a k ( 8 me?od4 ,! en?usiasm ( ,galileo seems to h increas$ ! le?>gy ( ! ,spani% c\rt2 & ?\gh ! negotiations 7 occasionally reviv$ = t5 or twelve ye>s1 yet no /eps 7 tak5 to br+ !m to a close4 ,?is /range procra/9ation has be5 g5]ally ascrib$ to jeal\sy or indiff]5ce on ! "p ( ,spa92 b ,nelli1 "o ( ,galileo's biograph]s1 decl>es1 on ! au?ority ( ,flor5t9e records1 t ,cosmo _h privately reque/$ f ! gov]nm5t ! privilege ( s5d+ annually t to ! ,spani% ,indies two ,leghorn m]*antm5 free ( duty1 z a comp5sation = ! loss ( ,galileo6 ,! failure ( ?is negotiation mu/ h be5 a s\rce ( extreme mortification to ! high _s & sangu9e temp]am5t ( ,galileo4 ,he _h calculat$1 h[ev]1 too securely on 8 means ( putt+ ! new me?od to a successful trial4 ,! great imp]fection ( ! "t-keep]s ( t day1 & ! want ( prop] telescopes1 w\ld h baffl$ him 9 all 8 ef=ts1 & he w\ld h be5 subject to a m s]i\s mortification f ! failure & rejection ( 8 plan1 ?an t :i* he actually exp]i5c$ f ! av>ice ( 8 patron1 or ! indiff]5ce ( ,spa94 ,ev5 9 ! pres5t day1 no telescope has be5 inv5t$ :i* is capable ( obs]v+ at sea ! eclipses ( ,jupit]'s satellites2 & ?\gh ?is me?od ( f9d+ ! longitude has great advantages on %ore1 yet x has be5 completely ab&on$ at sea1 & sup]s$$ by easi] & m correct me?ods4 ,9 ! ye> #afah1 :5 no few] ?an ?ree comets visit$ our sy/em1 & attract$ ! att5tion ( all ! a/ronom]s ( ,europe1 ,galileo 0 un=tunately conf9$ to 8 b$ by a sev]e illness2 b1 ?\gh he 0 unable to make a s+le obs]vation ^u ^! rem>kable bodies1 he contriv$ to involve himself 9 ! controv]sies :i* !y occasion$4 ,m>co ,guiducci1 an a/ronom] ( ,flor5ce1 & a fri5d ( ,galileo's1 _h deliv]$ a disc\rse on comets be=e ! ,flor5t9e ,academy1 :i* 0 publi%$ 9 #afai4bc ,! heads ( ?is disc\rse 7 suppos$ to h be5 communicat$ to him by ,galileo1 & ?is seems to h be5 univ]sally admitt$ dur+ ! controv]sy to :i* x gave rise4 ,! op9ion ma9ta9$ 9 ?is treatise1 t comets are no?+ b meteors :i* occasionally appe> 9 our atmosph]e1 l halos & ra9b[s1 sav\rs s little ( ! sagacity ( ,galileo t we %\ld be dispos$ to "q its pat]nity4 ,8 inability to p>take 9 ! g5]al int]e/ :i* ^! ?ree comets excit$1 & to employ 8 p[]ful telescope 9 obs]v+ _! ph5om5a & _! movem5ts1 might h _h "s slight %>e 9 ! =mation ( an op9ion :i* depriv$ !m ( _! importance z cele/ial bodies4 ,b1 h[ev] ?is may h be51 ! treatise ( ,guiducci af=d$ a fav\rable po9t ( attack to ,galileo's enemies1 & ! dang]\s task 0 entru/$ to ,oratio ,grassi1 a le>n$ ,jesuit1 :o1 9 a "w entitl$ ,! ,a/ronomical & ,philosophical ,balance1 criticis$ ! disc\rse on comets1 "u ! feign$ "n ( ,lot>io ,s>si4 ,galileo repli$ to ?is attack 9 a volume entitl$ ,il ,saggiatore1 or ,! ,assay]1 :i*1 ow+ to ! /ate ( 8 heal?1 0 n publi%$ till ! autumn ( #afbc4bd ,?is "w 0 writt5 9 ! =m ( a lett] to ,virg9io ,cs>9i1 a memb] ( ! ,lyncan ,academy1 & ma/] ( ! *amb] to ,urban ,,viii4#be1 :o _h j asc5d$ ! pontifical ?rone4 ,x has be5 long celebrat$ among lit]>y m5 = ! beauty ( its language1 ?\gh x is d\btless "o ( ! lea/ important ( ,galileo's writ+s4 ,! succession ( ! c>d9al ,maffeo ,b>b]9i to ! papal ?rone1 "u ! "n ( ,urban ,,viii41 0 hail$ by ,galileo & 8 fri5ds z an ev5t fav\rable to ! promotion ( sci5ce4 ,urban _h n only be5 ! p]sonal fri5d ( ,galileo & ( pr9ce ,cesi1 ! f\nd] ( ! ,lyncan ,academy1 b _h be5 intimately connect$ ) t able & lib]al association2 & x 01 !re=e1 deem$ prud5t to secure 8 fav\r & atta*m5t4 ,if ,paul ,,iii4 _h1 ne>ly a c5tury be=e1 patronis$ ,cop]nicus1 & accept$ ( ! d$ication ( 8 great "w1 x 0 n unreasonable to expect t1 9 m enlight5$ times1 ano!r pontiff might exhibit ! same lib]ality to sci5ce4 ,! plan ( secur+ to ,galileo ! patronage ( ,urban ,,viii4 seems to h be5 devis$ by pr9ce ,cesi4 ,al?\gh ,galileo _h n be5 able = "s ye>s to travel1 except+ 9 a fitt]1 yet he 0 urg$ by ! pr9ce to p]=m a j\rney to ,rome1 = ! express purpose ( congratulat+ 8 fri5d ^u 8 elevation to ! papal *air4 ,?is reque/ 0 made 9 ,octob]1 #afbc2 &1 ?\gh ,galileo's heal? 0 n su* z to au?orise him to und]go s mu* fatigue1 yet he felt ! importance ( ! advice2 &1 aft] visit+ ,cesi at ,acqua ,sp>ta1 he arriv$ at ,rome 9 ! spr+ ( #afbd4 ,! reception :i* he "h exp]i5c$ f> exce$$ 8 mo/ sangu9e expectations4 ,dur+ ! two mon?s :i* he sp5t 9 ! capital he 0 p]mitt$ to h no few] ?an six long & gratify+ audi5ces ( ! pope4 ,! k9dness ( 8 hol9ess 0 ( ! mo/ m>k$ description4 ,he n only load$ ,galileo ) pres5ts#bf1 & promis$ him a p5sion = 8 son ,v9c5zo1 b he wrote a lett] to ,f]d9&1 :o _h j succe$$ ,cosmo z gr& duke ( ,tuscany1 recomm5d+ ,galileo to 8 p>ticul> patronage4 ,= we f9d 9 him1 says he1 n only lit]>y di/9ction1 b ! love ( piety2 & he is /rong 9 ^? qualities by :i* pontifical good-w is easily obta9$4 ,& n[1 :5 he has be5 br\ght to ?is city to congratulate u on our elevation1 we h v lov+ly embrac$ him2 nor c we suff] him to return to ! c\ntry :i!r y\r lib]ality recalls him1 )\t an ample provision ( pontifical love4 ,& t y may "k h[ de> he is to u1 we h will$ to give him ?is hon\rable te/imonial ( virtue & piety4 ,& we fur!r signify1 t e b5efit :i* y %all conf] ^u him1 imitat+ or ev5 surpass+ y\r fa!r's lib]ality1 w conduce to our gratification4 ,n cont5t ) ?us secur+ ! fri5d%ip ( ! pope1 ,galileo endeav\r$ to bespeak ! good-w ( ! c>d9als t[>ds ! ,cop]nican sy/em4 ,he _h1 accord+ly1 _m int]views ) sev]al ( ^! dignit>ies2 & he 0 assur$1 by c>d9al ,hoh5zoll]1 t 9 a repres5tation :i* he _h made to ! pope on ! subject ( ,cop]nicus1 he /at$ to 8 hol9ess1 t z all ! h]etics consid]$ t sy/em z und\bt$1 x w\ld be necess>y to be v circumspect 9 com+ to any resolution on ! subject4 ,to ?is rem>k 8 hol9ess repli$1--t ! *ur* _h n condemn$ ?is sy/em2 & t x %\ld n be condemn$ z h]etical1 b only z ra%2 & he add$1 t !re 0 no fe> ( any p]son und]tak+ to prove t x mu/ necess>ily be true4 ,! rec5t appo9tm5t ( ! abb ,ca/elli1 ! fri5d & pupil ( ,galileo1 to be ma!matician to ! pope1 0 an ev5t ( a mo/ gratify+ nature2 & :5 we recollect t x 0 to ,ca/elli t he address$ ! fam\s lett] :i* 0 pron\nc$ h]etical by ! inquisition1 we mu/ reg>d x also z an ev5t indicative ( new & fav\rable feel+ t[>ds ! fri5ds ( sci5ce4 ,! op9ions ( ,urban1 inde$1 _h suff]$ no *ange4 ,he 0 "o ( ! few c>d9als :o _h oppos$ ! inquisitorial decree ( #afaf1 & 8 subsequ5t demean\r 0 9 e respect con=mable to ! lib]ality ( 8 e>ly views4 ,! s9c]ity ( 8 conduct 0 /ill fur!r ev9c$ by ! grant ( a p5sion ( "o hundr$ cr[ns to ,galileo1 a few ye>s aft] 8 visit to ,rome2 b !re is reason to ?9k t ?is all[ance 0 n regul>ly paid4 ,! dea? ( ,cosmo1 ^: lib]ality _h giv5 him bo? afflu5ce & leisure1 ?reat5$ ,galileo ) pecuni>y difficulties4 ,he _h be5 involv$ 9 a great load ( debt1 ow+ to ! circum/ances ( 8 bro!r's family2 &1 9 ord] to relieve himself1 he _h reque/$ ,ca/elli to dispose ( ! p5sion ( 8 son ,v9c5zo3 b he 0 n[ al>m$ at ! prospect ( los+ 8 sal>y z an extraord9>y pr(essor at ,pisa4 ,! great y\? ( ,f]d9&1 :o 0 sc>cely ( age1 induc$ ,galileo's enemies1 9 #afbi1 to raise d\bts respect+ ! paym5t ( a sal>y to a pr(essor :o nei!r resid$ nor lectur$ 9 ! univ]sity2 b ! "q 0 decid$ 9 8 fav\r1 & we h no d\bt t ! decision 0 facilitat$ by ! fri5dly recomm5dation ( ! pope1 to :i* we h already ref]r$4 ,al?\gh ,galileo _h made a n>r[ escape f ! grasp ( ! inquisition1 yet he 0 nev] suffici5tly s5sible ( ! l5ity :i* he exp]i5c$4 ,:5 he left ,rome 9 #afaf1 "u ! solemn pl$ge ( nev] aga9 tea*+ ! obnoxi\s doctr9e1 x 0 ) an ho/ility aga9/ ! *ur*1 suppress$ b deeply *]i%$2 & 8 resolution to propagate ! h]esy seems to h be5 coeval ) ! v[ by :i* he r5\nc$ x4 ,9 ! ye> #afah1 :5 he communicat$ 8 !ory ( ! tides to ! ar*duke ,leopold1 he alludes 9 ! mo/ s>ca/ic mann] to ! conduct ( ! *ur*4 ,! same ho/ile tone1 m or less1 p]vad$ all 8 writ+s1 &1 :ile he lab\r$ to %>p5 ! edge ( 8 satire1 he endeav\r$ to gu>d himself aga9/ its effects1 by an affectation ( ! humble/ def]5ce to ! decisions ( !ology4 ,_h ,galileo /ood alone1 8 devotion to sci5ce might h )drawn him f s hopeless a conte/2 b he 0 spurr$ on by ! viol5ce ( a p>ty4 ,! ,lyncan ,academy nev] scrupl$ to summon him f 8 rese>*es4 ,!y plac$ him 9 ! =lorn hope ( _! combat1 & he at la/ fell a victim to ! ra%ness ( 8 adv5ture4 ,b1 :atev] all[ance we may make = ! ard\r ( ,galileo's temp]1 & ! peculi>ity ( 8 position2 & h[ev] we may ju/ify & ev5 approve ( 8 pa/ conduct1 8 visit to ,urban ,,viii41 9 #afbd1 plac$ him 9 a new relation to ! *ur*1 :i* dem&$ on 8 "p a new & correspond+ demean\r4 ,! noble & g5]\s reception :i* he met ) f ,urban1 & ! lib]al decl>ation ( c>d9al ,hoh5zoll] on ! subject ( ! ,cop]nican sy/em1 %\ld h be5 reg>d$ z expressions ( regret = ! pa/1 & (f]s ( conciliation = ! future4 ,?us hon\r$ by ! head ( ! *ur*1 & befri5d$ by its dignit>ies1 ,galileo mu/ h felt himself secure aga9/ ! indignity ( its less] function>ies1 & 9 ! possession ( ! fulle/ lic5ce to prosecute 8 rese>*es & publi% 8 discov]ies1 provid$ he avoid$ t dogma ( ! *ur* :i*1 ev5 9 ! pres5t day1 x has n v5tur$ to r5\nce4 ,b ,galileo 0 b\nd to ! ,romi% hi]>*y by ev5 /rong] ties4 ,8 son & himself 7 p5sion]s ( ! *ur*1 &1 hav+ accept$ ( its alms1 !y ow$ to x1 at lea/1 a dec5t & respectful allegiance4 ,! p5sion ?us giv5 by ,urban 0 n a remun]ation :i* sov]eigns sometimes aw>d to ! s]vices ( _! subjects4 ,galileo 0 a =eign] at ,rome4 ,! sov]eign ( ! papal /ate ow$ him no obligation2 & h5ce we mu/ reg>d ! p5sion ( ,galileo z a donation f ! ,roman pontiff to sci5ce itself1 & z a decl>ation to ! ,*ri/ian _w1 t religion 0 n jeal\s ( philosophy1 & t ! *ur* ( ,rome 0 will+ to respect & fo/] ev5 ! g5ius ( its enemies4 ,galileo view$ all ^! circum/ances 9 a diff]5t light4 ,he resolv$ to compose a "w 9 :i* ! ,cop]nican sy/em %\ld be demon/rat$2 b he _h n ! c\rage to d ?is 9 a direct & op5 mann]4 ,he adopt$ ! plan ( discuss+ ! subject 9 a dialogue betwe5 ?ree speak]s1 9 ! hope ( elud+ by ?is artifice ! c5sure ( ! *ur*4 ,?is "w 0 complet$ 9 #afcj1 b1 ow+ to "s difficulties 9 obta9+ a lic5ce to pr9t x1 x 0 n publi%$ till #afcb4 ,9 obta9+ ?is lic5ce1 ,galileo exhibit$ consid]able address1 & 8 memory has n escap$ f ! imputation ( hav+ act$ unfairly1 & ( hav+ involv$ 8 p]sonal fri5ds 9 ! consequ5ces ( 8 imprud5ce4 ,! situation ( ma/] ( ! palace 01 =tunately = ,galileo's designs1 fill$ by ,nicolo ,ricc>di1 a fri5d & pupil ( 8 own4 ,?is (fic] 0 a sort ( c5sor ( new publications1 & :5 he 0 appli$ to on ! subject ( pr9t+ 8 "w1 ,galileo soon f\nd t attempts _h previ\sly be5 made to ?w>t 8 views4 ,he in/antly set (f = ,rome1 & _h an int]view ) 8 fri5d1 :o 0 9 e respect anxi\s to oblige him4 ,ricc>di exam9$ ! manuscript1 po9t$ out "s incauti\s expressions :i* he consid]$ x necess>y to erase1 & return$ x ) 8 writt5 approbation1 on ! und]/&+ t ! alt]ations he sugge/$ w\ld be made4 ,dread+ to rema9 9 ,rome dur+ ! unheal?y season1 :i* 0 fa/ approa*+1 ,galileo return$ to ,flor5ce1 ) ! int5tion ( complet+ ! index & d$ication1 & ( s5d+ ! ,,ms4 to ,rome1 to be pr9t$ "u ! c>e ( pr9ce ,cesi4 ,! dea? ( t di/+ui%$ individual1 9 ,augu/ #afcj1 fru/rat$ ,galileo's plan1 & he appli$ = leave to h ! book pr9t$ 9 ,flor5ce4 ,ricc>di 0 at fir/ desir\s to exam9e ! ,,ms4 aga91 b aft] inspect+ only ! beg9n+ & ! end ( x1 he gave ,galileo leave to pr9t x :]ev] he *ose1 provid+ x bore ! lic5ce ( ! inquisitor-g5]al ( ,flor5ce1 & "o or two o!r p]sons :om he nam$4 ,hav+ ov]come all ^! difficulties1 ,galileo's "w 0 publi%$ 9 #afcb1 "u ! title ( ,! ,sy/em ( ! ,_w ( ,galileo ,galilei1 c41 9 :i*1 9 f\r dialogues conc]n+ ! two pr9cipal sy/ems ( ! ,_w1--! ,ptolemaic & ! ,cop]nican1--he discusses1 indet]m9ately & firmly1 ! argum5ts propos$ on bo? sides4 ,x is d$icat$ to ,f]d9&1 gr& duke ( ,tuscany1 & is prefac$ by an ,address to ! prud5t read]1 :i* is itself *>act]is$ by ! utmo/ imprud5ce4 ,he ref]s to ! decree ( ! inquisition 9 ! mo/ insult+ & ironical language4 ,he attributes x to passion & to ignorance1 n by direct ass]tion1 b by ins9uations ascrib$ to o!rs2 & he ann\nces 8 int5tion to def5d ! ,cop]nican sy/em1 z a pure ma!matical hypo!sis1 & n z an op9ion1 hav+ an advantage ov] t ( ! /ability ( ! e>? absolutely4 ,! dialogue is conduct$ by ?ree p]sons1 ,salviati1 ,sagr$o1 & ,simplicio4 ,salviati1 :o is ! true philosoph] 9 ! dialogue1 0 ! real "n ( a nobleman :om we h already _h occasion to m5tion4 ,sagr$o1 ! "n ( ano!r noble fri5d ( ,galileo's1 p]=ms a second>y "p "u ,salviati4 ,he proposes d\bts1 sugge/s difficulties1 & enliv5s ! gravity ( ! dialogue ) 8 wit & pleasantry4 ,simplicio is a resolute foll[] ( ,ptolemy & ,ari/otle1 & ) a prop] degree ( c&\r & mode/y1 he br+s =w>d all ! common argum5ts 9 fav\r ( ! ,ptolemaic sy/em4 ,betwe5 ! wit ( ,sagr$o1 & ! p[]ful philosophy ( ,salviati1 ! p]ipatetic sage is baffl$ 9 e discussion2 & !re c be no d\bt t ,galileo aim$ a m fatal bl[ at ! ,ptolemaic sy/em by ?is mode ( discuss+ x1 ?an if he _h endeav\r$ to ov]turn x by direct argum5ts4 ,! influ5ce ( ?is "w on ! public m9d 0 su* z might h be5 anticipat$4 ,! obnoxi\s doctr9es :i* x upheld 7 eag]ly receiv$1 & widely dissem9at$2 & ! *ur* ( ,rome became s5sible ( ! %ock :i* 0 ?us giv5 to its intellectual supremacy4 ,pope ,urban ,,viii41 atta*$ ?\gh he _h be5 to ,galileo1 nev] once hesitat$ respect+ ! l9e ( conduct :i* he felt himself b\nd to pursue4 ,8 m9d 01 nev]!less1 agitat$ ) conflict+ s5tim5ts4 ,he ent]ta9$ a s9c]e affection = sci5ce & lit]ature1 & yet he 0 plac$ 9 ! position ( _! enemy4 ,he _h be5 ! p]sonal fri5d ( ,galileo1 & yet 8 duty compell$ him to become 8 accus]4 ,emb>rass+ z ^! feel+s 71 o!r consid]ations contribut$ to soo! him4 ,he _h1 9 8 capacity ( a c>d9al1 oppos$ ! fir/ p]secution ( ,galileo4 ,he _h1 s9ce 8 elevation to ! pontificate1 trac$ an op5 pa? = ! m>* ( ,galileo's discov]ies2 & he _h f9ally endeav\r$ to b9d ! recusant philosoph] by ! *a9s ( k9dness & gratitude4 ,all ^! means1 h[ev]1 _h prov$ abortive1 & he 0 n[ call$ ^u to support ! doctr9e :i* he _h subscrib$1 & adm9i/] ! law ( :i* he 0 ! gu>dian4 ,x has be5 suppos$1 )\t any satisfactory evid5ce1 t ,urban may h be5 influ5c$ by less cr$itable motives4 ,salviati & ,sagr$o be+ well-kn[n p]sonages1 x 0 inf]r$1 t ,simplicio mu/ also h a repres5tative4 ,! enemies ( ,galileo are said to h conv9c$ 8 hol9ess t ,simplicio 0 int5d$ z a portraiture ( himself2 & ?is op9ion receiv$ "s probability f ! fact1 t ! p]ipatetic disputant _h employ$ _m ( ! argum5ts :i* ,urban _h himself us$ 9 8 discussions ) ,galileo4 ,! late/ biograph] ( ,galileo#bg reg>ds ?is motive z necess>y to acc\nt = ! o!rwise inexplicable *ange :i* took place 9 ! conduct ( ,urban to 8 old fri5d2--b we _c admit = a mom5t ! tru?1 ( ?is supposition4 ,! *ur* _h be5 plac$ 9 ho/ility to a p[]ful & lib]al p>ty1 :i* 0 adv]se to its int]e/s4 ,! dogmas ( ! ,ca?olic fai? _h be5 br\ght into direct collision ) ! d$uctions ( sci5ce4 ,! lead] ( ! philosophic b& _h brok5 ! mo/ solemn armi/ice ) ! inquisition3 he _h r5\nc$ ! ties ( gratitude :i* b\nd him to ! pontiff2 & ,urban 0 ?us compell$ to intr5* himself 9 a position to :i* he _h be5 driv5 by 8 oppon5ts4 ,! design ( summon+ ,galileo be=e ! inquisition1 seems to h be5 =m$ almo/ imm$iately aft] ! publication ( 8 book2 = ev5 9 ,augu/1 #afcb1 ! prelim9>y proce$+s _h rea*$ ! e>s ( ! gr& duke ,f]d9&4 ,! ,tuscan ambassador at ,rome 0 spe$ily acqua9t$ ) ! dissatisfaction :i* 8 sov]eign felt at ^! proce$+s2 & he 0 in/ruct$ to =w>d to ,flor5ce a writt5 /atem5t ( ! *>ges aga9/ ,galileo1 9 ord] to enable him to prep>e = 8 def5ce4 ,al?\gh ?is reque/ 0 d5i$1 ,f]d9& aga9 int]pos$2 & transmitt$ a lett] to 8 ambassador1 recomm5d+ ! admission ( ,campanella & ,ca/elli into ! congregation ( ecclesia/ics by :i* ,galileo 0 to be judg$4 ,circum/ances1 h[ev]1 r5d]$ x prud5t to )hold ?is lett]4 ,ca/elli 0 s5t away f ,rome1 & ,scipio ,*i>amonte1 a bigott$ ecclesia/ic1 0 summon$ f ,pisa to complete ! numb] ( ! judges4 ,x appe>s f a despat* ( ! ,tuscan m9i/]1 t ,f]d9& 0 enrag$ at ! transaction2 & he in/ruct$ 8 ambassador1 ,niccol9i1 to make ! /ronge/ repres5tations to ! pope4 ,niccol9i _h sev]al int]views ) 8 hol9ess2 b all 8 expo/ulations 7 fruitless4 ,he f\nd ,urban highly inc5s$ aga9/ ,galileo2 & 8 hol9ess begg$ ,niccol9i to advise ! ar*duke n to int]f]e any f>!r1 z he w\ld n get ?r\gh x ) hon\r4 ,on ! #ae? ( ,septemb] ! pope caus$ x to be intimat$ to ,niccol9i1 z a m>k ( 8 especial e/eem = ! gr& duke1 t he 0 oblig$ to ref] ! "w to ! inquisition2 b bo? ! pr9ce & 8 ambassador 7 decl>$ liable to ! usual c5sures if !y divulg$ ! secret4 ,f ! measures :i* ?is tribunal _h =m]ly pursu$1 x 0 n difficult to =esee ! result ( _! pres5t delib]ations4 ,!y summon$ ,galileo to appe> be=e !m at ,rome1 to answ] 9 p]son ! *>ges "u :i* he lay4 ,! ,tuscan ambassador expo/ulat$ w>mly ) ! c\rt ( ,rome on ! inhumanity ( ?is proce$+4 ,he urg$ 8 advanc$ age1 8 infirm heal?1 ! discom=ts ( ! j\rney1 & ! mis]ies ( ! qu>ant9e#bh1 z motives = reconsid]+ _! decision3 b ! pope 0 inexorable2 & ?\gh x 0 agre$ to relax ! qu>ant9e z mu* z possible 9 8 fav\r1 yet x 0 decl>$ indisp5sable t he %\ld appe> 9 p]son be=e ! inquisition4 ,worn out ) age & infirmities1 & exhau/$ ) ! fatigues ( 8 j\rney1 ,galileo arriv$ at ,rome on ! #ad? ( ,febru>y1 #afcc4 ,! ,tuscan ambassador ann\nc$ 8 arrival 9 an (ficial =m to ! commiss>y ( ! holy (fice1 & ,galileo await$ 9 calm dignity ! approa* ( 8 trial4 ,among ^? :o pr(f]$ _! advice 9 ?is di/ress+ em]g5cy1 we mu/ enum]ate ! c>d9al ,b>b]9o1 ! pope's nephew1 :o1 ?\gh he may h felt ! necessity ( an int]f]5ce on ! "p ( ! *ur*1 0 yet desir\s t x %\ld be effect$ ) ! lea/ injury to ,galileo & to sci5ce4 ,he accord+ly visit$ ,galileo1 & advis$ him to rema9 z mu* at home z possible1 to keep alo( f g5]al society1 & to see only 8 mo/ intimate fri5ds4 ,! same advice 0 giv5 f diff]5t qu>t]s2 & ,galileo felt its propriety1 & rema9$ 9 /rict seclusion 9 ! palace ( ! ,tuscan ambassador4 ,dur+ ! :ole ( ! trial :i* n[ comm5c$1 ,galileo 0 treat$ ) ! mo/ m>k$ indulg5ce4 ,abhorr+1 z we mu/ d1 ! pr9ciples & practice ( ?is odi\s tribunal1 & reprobat+ its int]f]5ce ) ! cauti\s d$uctions ( sci5ce1 we mu/ yet admit t1 on ?is occasion1 its delib]ations 7 n dictat$ by passion1 nor its p[] direct$ by v5geance4 ,?\gh plac$ at _! judgm5t-seat z a h]etic1 ,galileo /ood !re ) ! recognis$ attributes ( a sage2 & ?\gh an (f5d] aga9/ ! laws ( :i* !y 7 ! gu>dian1 yet ! highe/ respect 0 yield$ to 8 g5ius1 & ! k9de/ commis]ation to 8 infirmities4 ,9 ! beg9n+ ( ,april1 :5 8 exam9ation 9 p]son 0 to comm5ce1 x became necess>y t he %\ld be remov$ to ! holy (fice2 b in/ead ( committ+ him1 z 0 ! practice1 to solit>y conf9em5t1 he 0 provid$ ) ap>tm5ts 9 ! h\se ( ! fiscal ( ! inquisition4 ,8 table 0 provid$ by ! ,tuscan ambassador1 & 8 s]vant 0 all[$ to att5d him at 8 pleasure1 & to sleep 9 an adjo9+ ap>tm5t4 ,ev5 ?is nom9al conf9em5t1 h[ev]1 ,galileo's high _s 0 unable to brook4 ,an attack ( ! disease to :i* he 0 con/itutionally subject contribut$ to fret & irritate him1 & he became impati5t = a release f 8 anxiety z well z f 8 bondage4 ,c>d9al ,b>b]9o seems to h receiv$ notice ( ! /ate ( ,galileo's feel+s2 & ) a magnanimity :i* po/]ity w ev] hon\r1 he lib]at$ ,galileo on 8 own responsibility2 & 9 t5 days aft] 8 fir/ exam9ation1 & on ! la/ day ( ,april1 he 0 re/or$ to ! hospitable ro( ( ! ,tuscan ambassador4 ,?\gh ?is fav\r 0 grant$ on ! condition ( 8 rema9+ 9 /rict seclusion1 ,galileo recov]$ 8 heal?1 & to a c]ta9 degree 8 usual hil>ity1 amid ! k9d att5tions ( ,niccol9i & 8 family2 & :5 ! want ( ex]cise _h begun to produce symptoms ( indisposition1 ,niccol9i obta9$ = him leave to g into ! public g>d5s 9 a half-clos$ c>riage4 ,aft] ! inquisition _h exam9$ ,galileo p]sonally1 !y all[$ him a reasonable "t = prep>+ 8 def5ce4 ,he felt ! difficulty ( adduc+ any ?+ l a plausible ju/ification ( 8 conduct2 & he resort$ to an +5i\s1 ?\gh a %all[ artifice1 :i* 0 reg>d$ by ! c\rt z an aggravation ( ! crime4 ,aft] 8 fir/ appe>ance be=e ! inquisition 9 #afaf1 he 0 publicly & falsely *>g$ by 8 enemies ) hav+ !n abjur$ 8 op9ions2 & he 0 taunt$ z a crim9al :o _h be5 actually puni%$ = 8 (f5ces4 ,z a refutation ( ^! calumnies4 ,c>d9al ,bell>m9e _h giv5 him a c]tificate 9 8 own h&writ+1 decl>+ t he nei!r abjur$ 8 op9ions1 nor suff]$ puni%m5t = !m2 & t ! doctr9e ( ! e>?'s motion1 & ! sun's /ability1 0 only d5\nc$ to him z contr>y to scripture1 & z "o :i* c\ld n be def5d$4 ,to ?is c]tificate ! c>d9al did n add1 because he 0 n call$ ^u to d x1 t ,galileo 0 enjo9$ n to tea* 9 any mann] ! doctr9e ?us d5\nc$2 & ,galileo +5i\sly avails himself ( ?is suppos$ omission1 to acc\nt = 8 hav+1 9 ! lapse ( f\rte5 or sixte5 ye>s1 =gott5 ! injunction4 ,he assign$ ! same excuse = 8 hav+ omitt$ to m5tion ?is injunction to ,ricc>di1 & to ! inquisitor-g5]al at ,flor5ce1 :5 he obta9$ ! lic5ce to pr9t 8 dialogues4 ,! c\rt held ! production ( ?is c]tificate to be at once a pro( & an aggravation ( 8 (f5ce2 because ! c]tificate itself decl>$ t ! obnoxi\s doctr9es _h be5 pron\nc$ contr>y to ! ,holy ,scriptures4 ,hav+ duly weigh$ ! confessions & excuses ( _! prison]1 & consid]$ ! g5]al m]its ( ! case1 ! inquisition came to an agreem5t ^u ! s5t5ce :i* !y 7 to pron\nce1 & appo9t$ ! #bb;d ( ,june z ! day on :i* x 0 to be deliv]$4 ,two days previ\s to ?is1 ,galileo 0 summon$ to appe> at ! holy (fice2 & on ! morn+ ( ! #ba/1 he obey$ ! summons4 ,on ! #bb;d ( ,june he 0 clo!d 9 a p5it5tial dress1 & conduct$ to ! conv5t ( ,m9]va1 :]e ! inquisition 0 assembl$ to give judgm5t4 ,a long & elaborate s5t5ce 0 pron\nc$1 detail+ ! =m] proce$+s ( ! inquisition1 & specify+ ! (f5ces :i* he _h committ$ 9 tea*+ h]etical doctr9es1 9 violat+ 8 =m] pl$ges1 & 9 obta9+ by improp] means a lic5ce = ! pr9t+ ( 8 ,dialogues4 ,aft] an invocation ( ! "n ( our ,savi\r1 & ( ! ,holy ,virg91 ,galileo is decl>$ to h br\ght himself "u /rong suspicions ( h]esy1 & to h incurr$ all ! c5sures & p5alties :i* are enjo9$ aga9/ del9qu5ts ( ?is k9d2 b f all ^! consequ5ces he is to be held absolv$1 provid$ t ) a s9c]e he>t1 & a fai? unfeign$1 he abjures & curses ! h]esies he has *]i%$1 z well z e o!r h]esy aga9/ ! ,ca?olic *ur*4 ,9 ord] t 8 (f5ce might n g altoge!r unpuni%$1 t he might be m cauti\s 9 future1 & be a w>n+ to o!rs to ab/a9 f simil> del9qu5cies1 x 0 also decre$ t 8 ,dialogues %\ld be prohibit$ by public edict2 t he himself %\ld be condemn$ to ! prison ( ! inquisition dur+ _! pleasure1 & t dur+ ! next ?ree ye>s he %\ld recite once a week ! sev5 p5it5tial psalms4 ,! c]emony ( ,galileo's abjuration 0 "o ( excit+ int]e/1 & ( awful =mality4 ,clo!d 9 ! sackclo? ( a rep5tant crim9al1 ! v5]able sage fell ^u 8 knees be=e ! assembl$ c>d9als2 & lay+ 8 h&s ^u ! ,holy ,evangeli/s1 he invok$ ! div9e aid 9 abjur+ & dete/+1 & v[+ nev] aga9 to tea*1 ! doctr9e ( ! e>?'s motion1 & ( ! sun's /ability4 ,he pl$g$ himself t he w\ld nev] aga91 ei!r 9 words or 9 writ+1 propagate su* h]esies2 & he swore t he w\ld fulfil & obs]ve ! p5ances :i* _h be5 inflict$ ^u him4#bi ,at ! conclusion ( ?is c]emony1 9 :i* he recit$ 8 abjuration ^w = ^w1 & !n sign$ x1 he 0 convey$1 9 con=mity ) 8 s5t5ce1 to ! prison ( ! inquisition4 ,! acc\nt :i* we h n[ giv5 ( ! trial & ! s5t5ce ( ,galileo1 is pregnant ) ! deepe/ int]e/ & in/ruction4 ,human nature is "h drawn 9 its d>ke/ col\r+2 & 9 survey+ ! melan*oly picture1 x is difficult to decide :e!r religion or philosophy has be5 mo/ degrad$4 ,:ile we witness ! presumptu\s prie/ pron\nc+ infallible ! decrees ( 8 own err+ judgm5t1 we see ! high-m9d$ philosoph] abjur+ ! et]nal & immutable tru?s :i* he _h himself ! glory ( e/abli%+4 ,9 ! ignorance & prejudices ( ! age1--9 a too lit]al int]pretation ( ! language ( ,scripture1--9 a mi/ak5 respect = ! errors t _h become v5]able f _! antiquity1--& 9 ! peculi> position :i* ,galileo _h tak5 among ! av[$ enemies ( ! *ur*1 we may f9d ! elem5ts ( an apology1 h[ev] poor x may he1 = ! conduct ( ! inquisition4 ,b :at excuse c we devise = ! humiliat+ confession & abjuration ( ,galileo8 ,:y did ?is ma/]-_s ( ! age--?is high-prie/ ( ! />s--?is repres5tative ( sci5ce--?is ho>y sage1 ^: c>e] ( glory 0 ne> its consummation1--:y did he reject ! cr[n ( m>tyrdom :i* he _h himself covet$1 & :i*1 plait$ ) immortal laurels1 0 ab\t to desc5d ^u 8 head8 ,if1 9 place ( disav[+ ! laws ( nature1 & surr5d]+ 9 8 own p]son ! intellectual dignity ( 8 species1 he _h boldly own$ ! tru? ( 8 op9ions1 & confid$ 8 "* to po/]ity1 & 8 cause to an all-rul+ ,provid5ce1 he w\ld h /rung up ! hair-susp5d$ sabre1 & dis>m$ = ev] ! ho/ility :i* ?reat5$ to ov]:elm him4 ,! philosoph]1 h[ev]1 0 support$ only by philosophy2 & 9 ! love ( tru? he f\nd a mis]able sub/itute = ! hopes ( ! m>tyr4 ,galileo c[]$ "u ! fe> ( man1 & 8 submission 0 ! salvation ( ! *ur*4 ,! sword ( ! inquisition desc5d$ on 8 pro/rate neck2 & ?\gh its /roke 0 n physical1 yet x fell ) a moral influ5ce fatal to ! "* ( its victim1 & to ! dignity ( sci5ce4 ,9 /udy+ ) att5tion ?is portion ( sci5tific hi/ory1 ! read] w n fail to p]ceive t ! *ur* ( ,rome 0 driv5 into a dilemma f :i* ! submission & abjuration ( ,galileo c\ld alone extricate x4 ,he :o confesses a crime & d5\nces its atrocity1 n only sanctions b inflicts ! puni%m5t :i* is annex$ to x4 ,if ,galileo _h decl>$ 8 innoc5ce1 & av[$ 8 s5tim5ts2 & if he _h appeal$ to ! pa/ conduct ( ! *ur* itself1 to ! ackn[l$g$ op9ions ( its dignit>ies1 & ev5 to ! acts ( its pontiffs1 he w\ld h at once conf\nd$ 8 accus]s1 & escap$ f _! toils4 ,aft] ,cop]nicus1 himself a ca?olic prie/1 _h op5ly ma9ta9$ ! motion ( ! e>?1 & ! /ability ( ! sun3 aft] he _h d$icat$ ! "w :i* advocat$ ^! op9ions to pope ,paul ,,iii41 on ! express gr\nd t ! au?ority ( ! pontiff might sil5ce ! calumnies ( ^? :o attack$ ^! op9ions by argum5ts drawn f ,scripture3 aft] ! c>d9al ,s*onh]g & ! bi%op ( ,culm _h urg$ ,cop]nicus to publi% ! new doctr9es2 & aft] ! bi%op ( ,ermel& _h erect$ a monum5t to commemorate 8 great discov]ies2 h[ c\ld ! *ur* ( ,rome h appeal$ to its pontifical decrees z ! gr\nd ( p]secut+ & puni%+ ,galileo8 ,ev5 9 lat] times1 ! same doctr9es _h be5 propagat$ ) entire tol]ation2 nay1 9 ! v ye> ( ,galileo's fir/ p]secution1 ,paul ,an?ony ,fosc>9us1 a le>n$ ,c>melite monk1 wrote a pamphlet1 9 :i* he illu/rates & def5ds ! mobility ( ! e>?1 & endeav\rs to reconcile to ?is new doctr9e ! passages ( ,scripture :i* _h be5 employ$ to subv]t x4 ,?is v s+ul> production 0 dat$ f ! ,c>melite conv5t at ,naples2 0 d$icat$ to ! v rev]5d ,seba/ian ,fantoni1 g5]al ( ! ,c>melite ord]2 &1 sanction$ by ! ecclesia/ical au?orities1 x 0 publi%$ at ,flor5ce1 ?ree ye>s be=e ! second p]secution ( ,galileo4 ,by ^! acts1 tol]at$ = m ?an a c5tury1 ! decrees ( ! pontiffs aga9/ ! doctr9e ( ! e>?'s motion 7 virtually repeal$2 & ,galileo might h plead$ !m ) success 9 arre/ ( judgm5t4 ,un=tunately1 h[ev]1 = himself & = sci5ce1 he act$ o!rwise4 ,by admitt+ _! au?ority1 he reviv$ 9 fre% =ce ^! obsolete & obnoxi\s enactm5ts2 &1 by yield+ to _! p[]1 he rivet$ = ano!r c5tury ! almo/ brok5 *a9s ( spiritual despotism4 ,pope ,urban ,,vii4 did n fail to obs]ve ! full ext5t ( 8 triumph2 & he exhibit$ ! utmo/ sagacity 9 ! means :i* he employ$ to secure x4 ,:ile he endeav\r$ to ov]awe ! enemies ( ! *ur* by ! =mal promulgation ( ,galileo's s5t5ce & abjuration1 & by puni%+ ! (ficials :o _h assi/$ 9 obta9+ ! lic5ce to pr9t 8 "w1 he treat$ ,galileo ) ! utmo/ l5ity1 & yield$ to e reque/ t 0 made to dim9i%1 & almo/ to susp5d1 ! con/ra9t "u :i* he lay4 ,! s5t5ce ( abjuration 0 ord]$ to be publicly read at sev]al univ]sities4 ,at ,flor5ce ! c]emonial 0 p]=m$ 9 ! *ur* ( ,santa ,croce1 & ! fri5ds & disciples ( ,galileo 7 especially summon$ to witness ! public degradation ( _! ma/]4 ,! inquisitor at ,flor5ce 0 ord]$ to be reprim&$ = 8 conduct2 & ,ricc>di1 ! ma/] ( ! sacr$ palace1 & ,ciampoli1 ! secret>y ( pope ,urban himself1 7 dismiss$ f _! situations4 ,galileo _h rema9$ only f\r days 9 ! prison ( ! inquisition1 :51 on ! application ( ,niccol9i1 ! ,tuscan ambassador1 he 0 all[$ to reside ) him 9 8 palace4 ,z ,flor5ce /ill suff]$ "u ! contagi\s disease :i* we h already m5tion$1 x 0 propos$ t ,si5na %\ld be ! place ( ,galileo's conf9em5t1 & t 8 resid5ce %\ld be 9 "o ( ! conv5ts ( t city4 ,niccol9i1 h[ev]1 recomm5d$ ! palace ( ! ar*bi%op ,piccolomoni z a m suitable resid5ce2 & ?\gh ! ar*bi%op 0 "o ( ,galileo's be/ fri5ds1 ! pope agre$ to ! arrangem5t1 & 9 ! beg9n+ ( ,july ,galileo quitt$ ,rome = ,si5na4 ,aft] hav+ sp5t ne>ly six mon?s "u ! hospitable ro( ( 8 fri5d1 ) no o!r re/ra9t ?an t ( be+ conf9$ to ! limits ( ! palace1 ,galileo 0 p]mitt$ to return to 8 villa ne> ,flor5ce "u ! same re/rictions2 & z ! contagi\s disease _h disappe>$ 9 ,tuscany1 he 0 able 9 ! mon? ( ,decemb] to re-ent] 8 own h\se at ,arcetri1 :]e he sp5t ! rema9d] ( 8 days4 ,al?\gh ,galileo _h n[ ! happ9ess ( rejo9+ 8 family "u _! pat]nal ro(1 yet1 l all sublun>y bless+s1 x 0 b ( %ort duration4 ,8 fav\rite daught] ,m>ia1 :o along ) h] si/] _h jo9$ ! conv5t ( ,/4 ,mat!w 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,arcetri1 _h look$ =w>d to ! arrival ( h] fa!r ) ! mo/ affectionate anticipation3 %e hop$ t h] filial devotion might =m "s comp5sation = ! malignity ( 8 enemies2 & %e eag]ly assum$ ! lab\r ( recit+ weekly ! sev5 p5it5ti>y psalms :i* =m$ "p ( h] fa!r's s5t5ce4 ,^! sacr$ duties1 h[ev]1 7 de/9$ to t]m9ate almo/ at ! mom5t !y 7 begun4 ,%e 0 seiz$ ) a fatal illness 9 ! same mon? 9 :i* %e rejo9$ h] p>5t1 & be=e ! mon? ( ,april %e 0 no m4 ,?is heavy bl[1 s sudd5ly /ruck1 ov]:elm$ ,galileo 9 ! deepe/ agony4 ,ow+ to ! decl9e ( 8 heal?1 & ! recurr5ce ( 8 old compla9ts1 he 0 unable to oppose to ?is m5tal suff]+ ! con/itutional en]gy ( 8 m9d4 ,! bulw>ks ( 8 he>t broke d[n1 & a flood ( grief desolat$ 8 manly & p[]ful m9d4 ,he felt1 z he express$ x1 t he 0 incessantly call$ by 8 daught]1--8 pulse int]mitt$1--8 he>t 0 agitat$ ) unceas+ palpitations1--8 appetite entirely left him1 & he consid]$ 8 dissolution s ne> at h&1 t he w\ld n p]mit 8 son ,vic5zo to set out ^u a j\rney :i* he _h contemplat$4 ,f ?is /ate ( melan*oly & indisposition1 ,galileo sl[ly1 ?\gh p>tially1 recov]$2 &1 ) ! view ( obta9+ m$ical assi/ance1 he reque/$ leave to g to ,flor5ce4 ,8 enemies1 h[ev]1 refus$ ?is application1 & he 0 giv5 to und]/& t any additional importunities w\ld be visit$ ) a m vigilant surveillance4 ,he rema9$1 !re=e1 five ye>s at ,arcetri1 f #afcd to #afch1 )\t any remission ( 8 conf9em5t1 & pursu+ 8 /udies "u ! influ5ce ( a cont9u$ & g5]al indisposition4 ,!re is no reason to ?9k t ,galileo or 8 fri5ds r5ew$ _! application to ! *ur* ( ,rome2 b1 9 #afch1 ! pope transmitt$1 ?r\gh ! inquisitor ,f>iano1 8 p]mission t he might remove to ,flor5ce = ! recov]y ( 8 heal?1 on ! condition t he %\ld pres5t himself at ! (fice ( ! inquisitor to le>n ! t]ms ^u :i* ?is indulg5ce 0 grant$4 ,galileo accept$ ( ! k9dness ?us unexpect$ly pr(f]$2 b ! conditions ^u :i* x 0 giv5 7 m sev]e ?an he expect$3 he 0 prohibit$ f leav+ 8 h\se1 or admitt+ 8 fri5ds2 & s /]nly 0 ?is sy/em pursu$1 t he requir$ a special ord] = att5d+ mass dur+ ,passion week4 ,! sev]ity ( ?is ord] 0 ke5ly felt by ,galileo4 ,:ile he rema9$ at ,arcetri1 8 seclusion f ! _w w\ld h be5 an object ( *oice1 if x _h n be5 ! decree ( a tribunal2 b to be deb>r$ f ! conv]sation ( 8 fri5ds 9 ,flor5ce1--9 t city :]e 8 g5ius _h be5 idolis$1 & :]e 8 fame _h become immortal1 0 an aggravation ( puni%m5t :i* he 0 unable to be>4 ,) 8 accu/om$ k9dness1 ! gr& duke made a /rong repres5tation on ! subject to 8 ambassador at ! c\rt ( ,rome4 ,he /at$ t1 f 8 great age & infirmities1 ,galileo's c>e] 0 ne> its close2 t he possess$ _m valuable ideas1 :i* ! _w might lose if !y 7 n matur$ & convey$ to 8 fri5ds2 & t ,galileo 0 anxi\s to make ^! communications to fa!r ,ca/elli1 :o 0 !n a /ip5di>y ( ! c\rt ( ,rome4 ,! gr& duke comm&$ 8 ambassador to see ,ca/elli on ! subject2 to urge him to obta9 leave f ! pope to sp5d a few mon?s 9 ,flor5ce1 & to supply him ) money1 & e ?+ t 0 necess>y = 8 j\rney4 ,influ5c$ by ?is k9d & lib]al message4 ,ca/elli obta9$ an audi5ce ( ! pope1 & reque/$ leave to pay a visit to ,flor5ce4 ,urban in/antly suspect$ ! object ( 8 j\rney2 &1 ^u ,ca/elli's ackn[l$g+ t he c\ld n possibly refra9 f see+ ,galileo1 he receiv$ p]mission to visit him 9 ! company ( an (fic] ( ! inquisition4 ,ca/elli accord+ly w5t to ,flor5ce2 &1 a few mon?s aft]w>ds1 ,galileo 0 ord]$ to return to ,arcetri4 ,dur+ ,galileo's conf9em5t at ,si5na & ,arcetri1 betwe5 #afcc & #afcf1 8 "t 0 pr9cipally occupi$ 9 ! composition ( 8 ,dialogues on ,local ,motion4 ,?is rem>kable "w1 :i* 0 consid]$ by its au?or z ! be/ ( 8 productions1 0 pr9t$ by ,l\is ,elzevir1 at ,am/]dam1 & d$icat$ to ! c\nt de ,noailles1 ! ,fr5* ambassador at ,rome4 ,v>i\s attempts to h x pr9t$ 9 ,g]many _h fail$2 &1 9 ord] to save himself f ! malignity ( 8 enemies1 he 0 oblig$ to pret5d t ! edition publi%$ 9 ,holl& _h be5 pr9t$ f a ,,ms4 entru/$ to ! ,fr5* ambassador4 ,al?\gh ,galileo _h = a long "t ab&on$ 8 a/ronomical /udies1 yet 8 att5tion 0 direct$1 ab\t ! ye> #afcf1 to a curi\s appe>ance 9 ! lun> disc1 :i* is kn[n by ! "n ( ! moons libration4 ,:5 we exam9e ) a telescope ! outl9e ( ! moon1 we obs]ve t c]ta9 p>ts ( h] disc1 :i* are se5 at "o "t1 are invisible at ano!r4 ,?is *ange or libration is ( f\r diff]5t k9ds2 viz4 ! diurnal libration1 ! libration 9 longitude1 ! libration 9 latitude1 & ! sph]oidal libration4 ,galileo discov]$ ! fir/ ( ^! k9ds ( libration1 & appe>s to h _h "s k ( ! second2 b ! ?ird 0 discov]$ by ,hevelius1 & ! f\r? by ,lagrange4#cj ,?is curi\s discov]y 0 ! result ( ! la/ telescopic obs]vations ( ,galileo4 ,al?\gh 8 "r eye _h = "s ye>s lo/ its p[]1 yet 8 g5]al vision 0 suffici5tly p]fect to enable him to c>ry on 8 usual rese>*es4 ,9 #afcf1 h[ev]1 ?is affection ( 8 eye became m s]i\s2 &1 9 #afcg1 8 left eye 0 attack$ ) ! same disease4 ,8 m$ical fri5ds at fir/ suppos$ t cat>acts 7 =m$ 9 ! cry/all9e l5s1 & anticipat$ a cure f ! op]ation ( c\*+4 ,^! hopes 7 fallaci\s4 ,! disease turn$ out to be 9 ! cornea1 & e attempt to re/ore its transp>5cy 0 fruitless4 ,9 a few mon?s ! :ite cl\d cov]$ ! :ole ap]ture ( ! pupil1 & ,galileo became totally bl9d4 ,?is sudd5 & unexpect$ calamity _h almo/ ov]:elm$ ,galileo & 8 fri5ds4 ,9 writ+ to a correspond5t he exclaims1 ,alas6 y\r de> fri5d & s]vant has become totally & irrep>ably bl9d4 ,^! heav5s1 ?is e>?1 ?is univ]se1 :i* by wond]ful obs]vation ,i _h enl>g$ a ?\s& times beyond ! belief ( pa/ ages1 are h5ce=? %runk into ! n>r[ space :i* ,i myself occupy4 ,s x pleases ,god2 x %all1 !re=e1 please me also4 ,8 fri5d1 fa!r ,ca/elli1 deplores ! calamity 9 ! same tone ( pa!tic sublimity3--,! noble/ eye1 says he1 :i* nature ev] made1 is d>k5$2 an eye s privileg$1 & gift$ ) su* r>e p[]s1 t x may truly be said to h se5 m ?an ! eyes ( all t are gone1 & to h op5$ ! eyes ( all t are to come4 ,al?\gh ,galileo _h be5 ?w>t$ 9 8 attempt to introduce into ! ,spani% m>9e 8 new me?od ( f9d+ ! longitude at sea1 yet he nev] lo/ sight ( an object to :i* he atta*$ ! highe/ importance4 ,z ! =mation ( correct tables ( ! motion ( ,jupit]'s satellites 0 a necess>y prelim9>y to its introduction1 he _h occupi$ himself = tw5ty-f\r ye>s 9 obs]vations = ?is purpose1 & he _h made consid]able progress 9 ?is labori\s task4 ,aft] ! publication ( 8 ,dialogues on ,motion1 9 #afcf1 he r5ew$ 8 attempts to br+ 8 me?od into actual use4 ,= ?is purpose he address$ himself to ,lor5zo ,real1 :o _h be5 ! ,dut* gov]nor-g5]al 9 ,india1 & (f]$ ! free use ( 8 me?od to ! /ates-g5]al ( ,holl&4#ca ,! ,dut* gov]nm5t receiv$ ?is proposal ) an anxi\s desire to h x c>ri$ into effect4 ,at ! in/igation ( ,con/ant9e ,huyg5s1 ! fa!r ( ! illu/ri\s ,huyg5s1 & ! secret>y to ! pr9ce ( ,orange1 !y appo9t$ commission]s to communicate ) ,galileo2 & :ile !y transmitt$ him a gold *a9 z a m>k ( _! e/eem1 !y at ! same "t assur$ him1 t if 8 plan %\ld prove successful x %\ld n pass unrew>d$4 ,! commission]s ent]$ into an active correspond5ce ) ,galileo1 & _h ev5 appo9t$ "o ( _! numb] to communicate p]sonally ) him 9 ,italy4 ,le/ ?is1 h[ev]1 %\ld excite ! jeal\sy ( ! c\rt ( ,rome1 ,galileo object$ to ! arrangem5t1 s t ! negotiation 0 c>ri$ on solely by correspond5ce4 ,x 0 at ?is "t t ,galileo 0 /ruck ) bl9dness4 ,8 fri5d & pupil1 ,r5i]i1 und]took1 9 ?is em]g5cy1 to arrange & complete 8 obs]vations & calculations2 b be=e he _h made mu* progress 9 ! ardu\s task1 ea* ( ! f\r commission]s di$ 9 succession1 & x 0 ) great difficulty t ,con/ant9e ,huyg5s succe$$ 9 r5ew+ ! s*eme4 ,x 0 aga9 ob/ruct$1 h[ev]1 by ! dea? ( ,galileo2 & :5 ,r5i]i 0 ab\t to publi%1 by ! ord] ( ! gr& duke1 ! ,ephem]is1 & ,tables ( ! ,jovian ,planets1 he 0 attack$ ) a mortal disease1 & ! manuscripts ( ,galileo1 :i* he 0 on ! eve ( publi%+1 7 nev] m he>d (4 ,by su* a s]ies ( mis=tunes 7 ! plans ( ,galileo & ( ! /ates-g5]al completely ov]?r[n4 ,x is "s consolation1 h[ev]1 to "k t nei!r sci5ce nor navigation suff]$ any sev]e loss4 ,not)/&+ ! p]fection ( our pres5t tables ( ,jupit]'s satellites1 & ( ! a/ronomical in/rum5ts by :i* _! eclipses may be obs]v$1 ! me?od ( ,galileo is /ill impracticable at sea4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ! /rict seclusion to :i* ,galileo _h be5 subject$1 he 0 9 ! practice ( dat+ 8 lett]s f 8 prison at ,arcetri3 b aft] he _h lo/ ! use ( 8 eyes1 ! ,inquisition seems to h relax$ its sev]ity1 & to h all[$ him ! free/ int]c\rse ) 8 fri5ds4 ,! gr& duke ( ,tuscany paid him frequ5t visits2 & among ! celebrat$ /rang]s :o came f di/ant l&s to see ! ornam5t ( ,italy1 7 ,gass5di1 ,deodati1 & our illu/ri\s c\ntryman ,milton4 ,dur+ ! la/ ?ree ye>s ( 8 life1 8 em95t pupil ,viviani =m$ "o ( 8 family2 & 9 ,octob]1 #afaa1 ! celebrat$ ,torricelli1 ano!r ( 8 pupils1 0 admitt$ to ! same di/9ction4 ,?\gh ! p[]ful m9d ( ,galileo /ill reta9$ its vig\r1 yet 8 debilitat$ frame 0 exhau/$ ) m5tal lab\r4 ,he (t5 compla9$ t 8 head 0 too busy = 8 body2 & ! cont9uity ( 8 /udies 0 frequ5tly brok5 ) attacks ( hypo*ondria1 want ( sleep1 & acute rheumatic pa9s4 ,along ) ^! calamities1 he 0 afflict$ ) ano!r /ill m sev]e--) deafness almo/ total2 b ?\gh he 0 n[ exclud$ f all communication ) ! ext]nal _w1 yet 8 m9d /ill grappl$ ) ! mat]ial univ]se1 & :ile he 0 /udy+ ! =ce ( p]cussion1 & prep>+ = a cont9uation ( 8 ,dialogues on ,motion1 he 0 attack$ ) fev] & palpitation ( ! he>t1 :i*1 aft] cont9u+ two mon?s1 t]m9at$ fatally on ! #h? ( ,janu>y1 #afdb1 9 ! #gh? ye> ( 8 age4 ,hav+ di$ 9 ! "* ( a prison] ( ! ,inquisition1 ?is odi\s tribunal disput$ 8 "r ( mak+ a w1 & ( be+ buri$ 9 consecrat$ gr\nd4 ,^! objections1 h[ev]1 7 )drawn2 b ?\gh a l>ge sum 0 subscrib$ = erect+ a monum5t to him 9 ! *ur* ( ,santa ,croce1 9 ,flor5ce1 ! pope w\ld n p]mit ! design to be c>ri$ into execution4 ,8 sacr$ rema9s 71 !re=e1 deposit$ 9 an obscure corn] ( ! *ur*1 & rema9$ = m ?an ?irty ye>s unm>k$ ) any monum5tal tablet4 ,! foll[+ epitaph1 giv5 )\t any rem>k 9 ! ,leyd5 edition ( 8 ,dialogues1 is1 we presume1 ! "o :i* 0 inscrib$ on a tablet 9 ! *ur* ( ,santa ,croce3-- ,,galil,o ,,galil,i ,,fior5t9o1 ,philosopho et ,geometr v]e lynceo1 ,natura dipo1 ,mirabilium semp] inv5torum ma*9atori1 ,qui inconcessa adhuc mortalibus gloria ,clorum prov9cias auxit ,et univ]so d$it increm5tum3 ,non enim vitreos sph]>um orbes ,fragilesque /ellas conflavit3 ,s$ t]na mundi corpore ,m$ice b5efic5tiae d$icavit1 ,cujus inext9cta glori cupiditas ,ut oculos nationum ,sculorumque omnium ,vid]e doc]et1 ,proprios imp5dit oculos4 ,cum jam nil amplius hab]et natura ,quod ipse vid]et4 ,cujus inv5ta vix intra r]um limites compreh5sa ,firmam5tum ipsum non solum cont9et1 ,s$ etiam recipit4 ,qui relictis tot sci5ti>um monum5tis ,plura secum tulit1 quam reliquit4 ,gravi enim ,s$ nondum affecta s5ectute1 ,novis contemplationibus ,majorem gloriam affectans ,inexplebilem sapi5ti animam ,immaturo nobis obi tu ,exhalavit ,anno ,dom9i ,,mcxlii4 tatis su ,,lxxviii4 ,at 8 dea?1 9 #agjc1 ,viviani pur*as$ 8 prop]ty1 ) ! *>ge ( erect+ a monum5t ov] ,galileo's rema9s & 8 own4 ,?is design 0 n c>ri$ into effect till #agcg1 at ! exp5se ( ! family ( ,nelli1 :5 bo? _! bodies 7 dis9t]r$1 & remov$ to ! site ( ! spl5did monum5t :i* n[ cov]s !m4 ,?is monum5t conta9s ! bu/ ( ,galileo1 ) figures ( ,geometry & ,a/ronomy4 ,x 0 design$ by ,giulio ,fogg9i4 ,galileo's bu/ 0 execut$ by ,giovanni ,batti/a ,fogg9i2 ! figure ( ,a/ronomy by ,v9c5zio ,fogg9i1 8 son2 & t ( ,geometry by ,girolamo ,ticciati4 ,galileo's h\se at ,arcetri /ill rema9s4 ,9 #ahba x belong$ to "o ,signor ,alim>i1 hav+ be5 pres]v$ 9 ! /ate 9 :i* x 0 left by ,galileo2 x /&s v ne> ! conv5t ( ,/4 ,mat!w1 & ab\t a mile to ! ,s4 ,e4 ( ,flor5ce4 ,an inscription by ,nelli1 ov] ! door ( ! h\se1 /ill rema9s4 ,! "* ( ,galileo1 :e!r we view him z a memb] ( ! social circle1 or z a man ( sci5ce1 pres5ts _m int]e/+ & in/ructive po9ts ( contemplation4 ,un=tunate1 & to a c]ta9 ext5t immoral1 9 8 dome/ic relations1 he did n d]ive f t hall[$ s\rce all ! enjoym5ts :i* x g5]ally yields2 & x 0 ow+ to ?is cause1 p]haps1 t he 0 m fond ( society ?an might h be5 expect$ f 8 /udi\s habits4 ,8 habitual *e]fulness & gaiety1 & 8 affability & frankness ( mann]1 r5d]$ him an univ]sal fav\rite among 8 fri5ds4 ,)\t any ( ! p$antry ( exclusive tal5t1 & )\t any ( t o/5tation :i* (t5 m>ks ! man ( limit$ ?\gh pr(\nd acquirem5ts1 ,galileo nev] conv]s$ ^u sci5tific or philosophical subjects except among ^? :o 7 capable ( und]/&+ !m4 ,! ext5t ( 8 g5]al in=mation1 inde$1 8 great lit]>y k1 b1 above all1 8 ret5tive memory1 /or$ ) ! leg5ds & ! poetry ( anci5t times1 sav$ him f ! necessity ( draw+ ^u 8 own peculi> /udies = ! topics ( 8 conv]sation4 ,galileo 0 n less di/+ui%$ = 8 hospitality & b5evol5ce2 he 0 lib]al to ! poor1 & g5]\s 9 ! aid :i* he adm9i/]$ to m5 ( g5ius & tal5t1 :o (t5 f\nd a com=table asylum "u 8 ro(4 ,9 8 dome/ic economy he 0 frugal )\t be+ p>simoni\s4 ,8 hospitable bo>d 0 ev] ready = ! reception ( 8 fri5ds2 &1 ?\gh he 0 himself ab/emi\s 9 8 diet1 he seems to h be5 a lov] ( good w9es1 ( :i* he receiv$ always ! *oice/ v>ieties out ( ! gr& duke's cell>4 ,?is peculi> ta/e1 toge!r ) 8 atta*m5t to a c\ntry life1 r5d]$ him fond ( agricultural pursuits1 & induc$ him to devote 8 leisure h\rs to ! cultivation ( 8 v9ey>ds4 ,9 8 p]sonal appe>ance ,galileo 0 ab\t ! middle size1 & ( a squ>e-built1 b well-proportion$1 frame4 ,8 complexion 0 fair1 8 eyes p5etrat+1 & 8 hair ( a r$di% hue4 ,8 expression 0 *e]ful & animat$1 & ?\gh 8 temp] 0 easily ruffl$1 yet ! excitem5t 0 transi5t1 & ! cause ( x spe$ily =gott54 ,"o ( ! mo/ prom95t traits 9 ! "* ( ,galileo 0 8 inv9cible love ( tru?1 & 8 abhorr5ce ( t spiritual despotism :i* _h s long brood$ ov] ,europe4 ,8 views1 h[ev]1 7 too lib]al1 & too f> 9 advance ( ! age :i* he adorn$2 & h[ev] mu* we may admire ! noble _s :i* he ev9c$1 & ! p]sonal sacrifices :i* he made1 9 8 /ruggle = tru?1 we mu/ yet lam5t ! hotness ( 8 zeal & ! tem]ity ( 8 onset4 ,9 8 conte/ ) ! *ur* ( ,rome1 he fell "u h] victori\s bann]2 & ?\gh 8 cause 0 t ( tru?1 & h]s t ( sup]/ition1 yet ! sympa?y ( ,europe 0 n r\s$ by 8 mis=tunes4 ,"u ! sagaci\s & peaceful sway ( ,cop]nicus1 a/ronomy _h effect$ a glori\s triumph ov] ! dogmas ( ! *ur*2 b "u ! bold & uncompromis+ sceptre ( ,galileo all h] conque/s 7 irrecov]ably lo/4 ,! sci5tific "* ( ,galileo1 & 8 me?od ( inve/igat+ tru?1 dem& our w>me/ admiration4 ,! numb] & +5uity ( 8 inv5tions2 ! brilliant discov]ies :i* he made 9 ! heav5s1 & ! dep? & beauty ( 8 rese>*es respect+ ! laws ( motion1 h ga9$ him ! admiration ( e succe$+ age1 & h plac$ him next to ,newton 9 ! li/s ( orig9al & inv5tive g5ius4 ,to ?is high rank he 0 d\btless elevat$ by ! inductive processes :i* he foll[$ 9 all 8 inquiries4 ,"u ! sure guidance ( obs]vation & exp]im5t1 he advanc$ to g5]al laws2 & if ,bacon _h nev] liv$1 ! /ud5t ( nature w\ld h f\nd1 9 ! writ+s & lab\rs ( ,galileo1 n only ! boa/$ pr9ciples ( ! inductive philosophy1 b also _! practical application to ! highe/ ef=ts ( inv5tion & discov]y4 ,footnote #a3 ,*ilde ,h>old1 canto ,,iv4 /anza ,,liv4 ,footnote #b3 ,life ( ,galileo1 ,libr>y ( ,useful ,k1 p4 #a4 ,footnote #c3 ,de ,insid5tibus 9 ,fluido4 ,footnote #d3 ,op]e di ,galileo4 ,milano1 #ahaj1 vol4 ,,iv4 p4 #bdh4 ,footnote #e3 ,life ( ,galileo1 9 ,libr>y ( ,useful ,k1 p4 #i4 ,footnote #f3 ,sy/ema ,cosmicum1 ,dial4 ,,ii4 p4 #aba4 ,footnote #g3 ,! au!nticity ( ?is "w has be5 d\bt$4 ,x 0 pr9t$ at ,rome1 9 #afef1 f a ,,ms4 9 ! libr>y ( ,somasohi1 at ,v5ice4 ,see ,op]e di ,galileo1 tom4 ,,vii4 p4 #dbg4 ,footnote #h3 ,incr$ibili animi jucunditate4--,sid4 ,footnote #i3 ,nescio quo fato ductus4 ,footnote #aj3 ,b]l9 ,ephem]is1 #aghh4 ,footnote #aa3 ,ed94 ,phil4 ,j\rn4 vol4 ,,vi4 p4 #cac4 ,footnote #ab3 ,life & ,correspond5ce ( ,dr4 ,bradley4 ,ox=d1 #ahcb1 p4 #ebc4 ,footnote #ac3 ,see page #bb4 ,footnote #ad3 ,ed94 ,phil4 ,j\rn4 #ahbb1 vol4 ,,vi4 p4 #cag4 ,footnote #ae3 ,joh4 ,fabricii ,phrysii de ,maculis 9 ,sole obs]vatis1 et app>5te e>um cum ,sole conv]sione1 ,n>ratio4 ,wittemb4 #afaa4 ,footnote #af3 ,x does n appe> f ! hi/ory ( sol> obs]vations1 at :at "t1 & by :om1 col\r$ glasses 7 fir/ introduc$ = p]mitt+ ! eye to look at ! sun ) impunity4 ,fabricius 0 obvi\sly q ignorant ( ! use ( col\r$ glasses4 ,he obs]v$ ! sun :5 he 0 9 ! horizon1 & :5 8 brilliancy 0 impair$ by ! int]position ( ?9 cl\ds & float+ vap\rs2 & he advises ^? :o may repeat 8 obs]vations1 to admit at fir/ to ! eye a small portion ( ! sun's light1 till x is gradually accu/om$ to its full spl5d\r4 ,:5 ! sun's altitude became consid]able1 ,fabricius gave up 8 obs]vations2 :i* he (t5 cont9u$ s long1 t he 0 sc>cely able1 = two days toge!r1 to see objects ) _! usual di/9ctness4 ,s*e9]1 9 8 ,apelles po/ ,tabulanti1 describes f\r diff]5t ways ( view+ ! spots3 "o ( :i* is by ! int]position ( blue or gre5 glasses4 ,8 fir/ me?od 0 to obs]ve ! sun ne> ! horizon2 ! second 0 to view him ?r\gh a transp>5t cl\d2 ! ?ird 0 to look at him ?r\gh 8 telescope ) a blue or a gre5 glass ( a prop] ?ickness1 & plane on bo? sides1 or to use a ?9 blue glass :5 ! sun 0 cov]$ ) a ?9 vap\r or cl\d2 & ! f\r? me?od 0 to beg9 & obs]ve ! sun at 8 m>g91 till ! eye gradually rea*$ ! middle ( 8 disc4 ,footnote #ag3 ,see ,i/oria e ,demo/razioni1 intorna alle mac*ie sol>i4 ,roma1 #afac4 ,see ,op]e di ,galileo1 vol4 ,v4 p4 #aca-bic4 ,footnote #ah3 ,discorso intorno alle cose *e /anno 9 sa l'acqua1 o *e 9 quella si muovono4 ,op]e di ,galileo1 vol4 ,,ii4 pp4 #afe-caa4 ,footnote #ai3 ,op]e di ,galileo1 vol4 ,,ii4 pp4 #cee-cfg4 ,footnote #bj3 ,ibid4 #cfg-cij4 ,footnote #ba3 ,^! ?ree treatises occupy ! :ole ( ! ?ird volume ( ! ,op]e di ,galileo4 ,footnote #bb3 ,x is said t ,galileo 0 cit$ to appe> at ,rome on ?is occasion2 & ! op9ion is n )\t f\ndation4 ,footnote #bc3 ,pr9t$ 9 ! ,op]e di ,galileo1 vol4 ,,vi4 pp4 #aag-aia4 ,footnote #bd3 ,pr9t$ 9 ! ,op]e di ,galileo1 vol4 ,,vi4 pp4 #aia-ega4 ,footnote #be3 ,?is "w is said to h be5 d$icat$ to ,urban ,,viii4 himself 7,lib4 ,u4 ,k1 ,life ( ,galileo1 *ap1 ,,vii471 b !re is no d$ication prefix$ to ! edition we h ref]r$ to2 & x is1 besides1 unusual to d$icate a volume to any p]son :5 t volume has ! =m ( a lett] to ano!r4 ,footnote #bf3 ,a f9e pa9t+ 9 gold1 & a silv] m$al1 & a good quantity ( agnus dei4 ,footnote #bg3 ,libr>y ( ,useful ,k1 ,life ( ,galileo1 *ap4 ,,viii4 ,footnote #bh3 ,! communication betwe5 ,flor5ce & ,rome 0 at ?is "t int]rupt$ by a contagi\s disease :i* _h brok5 out 9 ,tuscany4 ,footnote #bi3 ,x has be5 said1 b ^u :at au?ority we _c f9d1 t :5 ,galileo rose f 8 knees1 he /amp$ on ! gr\nd1 & said 9 a :isp] to "o ( 8 fri5ds1 ,e pur si muove4 ,x does move1 ?\gh4--,life ( ,galileo1 ,lib4 ,use4 ,k1 "p ,,ii4 p4 #fc4 ,footnote #cj3 ,^! ph5om5a are expla9$ 9 ! volume on ,a/ronomy4 ,footnote #ca3 ,x is a curi\s fact1 t ,mor9 _h ab\t ?is "t propos$ to det]m9e ! longitude by ! moon's di/ance f a fix$ />1 & t ! commission]s assembl$ 9 ,p>is to exam9e x1 reque/$ ,galileo's op9ion ( its value & practicability4 ,galileo's op9ion 0 highly unfav\rable4 ,he saw cle>ly1 & expla9$ di/9ctly1 ! objection to ,mor9's me?od1 aris+ f ! imp]fection ( ! lun> tables1 & ! inadequacy ( a/ronomical in/rum5ts2 b he seem$ n to be consci\s t ! v same objections appli$1 ) ev5 great] =ce1 to 8 own me?od1 :i* has s9ce be5 supplant$ by t ( ! ,fr5* savant4 ,see life ( ,galileo1 ,libr>y ( ,useful ,k1 p4 #id4 ,,guicci>d9i #adhb-aedj4 ,guicci>d9i 0 ! contempor>y & intimate fri5d ( ,ma*iavelli1 b _! sev]al c>e]s bore small similitude2 = worldly prosp]ity att5d$ ! fir/1 :ile ! o!r 0 depress$ by neglect & p5ury2 & :ile 8 intellect /ruggl$ ) ^! *a9s1 ! nobl] p>ts ( 8 disposition yield$ to !m4 ,ma*iavelli 0 a republican 9 pr9ciple1 ( humble = tunes1 & dep5d5t on 8 fri5ds = _! fav\r & enc\ragem5t4 ,guicci>d9i 0 a c\rti]2 he 0 ! s]vant ( a pr9ce1 n ( a /ate2 9 bir? & position 9 life he _h ! advantage ( 8 fri5d2 & ^! comb9+ circum/ances r5d]$ him m confid5t 9 himself1 :ile at ! same "t x inspir$ him ) an av[$ dislike = popul> gov]nm5ts4 ,! ,guicci>d9i =m$ "o ( ! noble/ families ( ,flor5ce3 x 0 ( anci5t orig91 & possess$ sev]al magnific5t mansions 9 ,flor5ce4 ,"o ( ! /reets is nam$ de' ,guicci>d9i1 f conta9+ a palace belong+ to !m2 & !y _h l>ge possessions 9 ! ,val di ,pesa4 ,francesco1 ! subject ( ?is memoir1 0 ! son ( ,pi]o de' ,guicci>d9i1 a celebrat$ advocate1 & at "o "t commiss>y-g5]al to ! ,flor5t9e army4 ,francesco 0 "o ( eight *ildr54 ,8 "m 0 ,simona1 daught] ( ! cavali]e ,bongiani ,gianfigliazzi1 a noble ,flor5t9e4 ,he 0 born on ! #f? ( ,m>*1 #adhb4cb ,he 0 educat$ ) c>e by ! be/ ma/]s1 & taught ,greek & ,lat94 ,he appli$ himself1 z he grew up1 to ! /udy ( logic & ( civil law1 z he 0 de/9$ = ! robe4 ,he 0 s5t to ,f]r>a by 8 fa!r1 n m]ely = ! sake ( att5d+ ! tea*]s !re1 b t 8 p>5t might h a place ( refuge1 :]e to s5d 8 prop]ty1 9 ! ev5t ( civil di/urbance or ext]nal attack ^u ,flor5ce4 ,l>ge sums ( money 7 remitt$ to him1 & he boa/s ( ! tru/wor?9ess ( 8 conduct on ?is occasion1 despite 8 extreme y\?4 ,x 0 9 agitation at "o "t to make him a prie/1 z1 ?r\gh ! int]e/ ( an uncle1 :o 0 ri* 9 b5efices1 a prosp]\s c>e] 0 op5$ to him 9 ! *ur*4 ,he 0 himself incl9$ t[>ds ! cl]ical pr(ession1 z "o full ( hon\r & dignity2 b 8 fa!r decid$ aga9/ x1 & resolv$ t none ( 8 five sons %\ld ent] ! prie/hood2 p>tly induc$ by ! notion t ! papal p[] 0 on ! decl9e1 & p>tly f a consci5ti\s feel+ ( ! impropriety ( adopt+ ! sacr$ call+1 m]ely = ! sake ( temporal advantages4 ,in/ead1 !re=e1 ( assum+ ! sac]dotal g>b1 ,francesco took a doctor's degree 9 law1 & at an e>ly age 0 appo9t$ by ! gov]nm5t to read ! ,in/itute 9 ! univ]sity ( ,flor5ce4 ,he m>ri$ ! foll[+ ye>4 ,8 wife 0 ,m>ia1 daught] ( ,alamanno di ,av]>do ,salviati1 "o ( ! fir/ m5 ( ! city4 ,sev]al law (fices 7 be/[$ on him1 & he prides himself at ?is success 9 e>ly life4 ,b he felt himself /ill m hon\r$1 :5 he 0 s5t by ! republic z ambassador to ,f]d9&1 k+ ( ,aragon4 ,italy 0 !n ! ar5a on :i* ! adv]se p[]s ( ,france1 ,g]many1 & ,spa9 cont5d$ = ma/]y4 ,flor5ce adh]$ to ! ,fr5* p>ty1 b ! timid gonfaloni]e ,sod]9i1 desir\s ( curry+ fav\r on all sides1 ?\ght x "r to pres]ve a good und]/&+ ) ,f]d9&4 ,francesco1 feel+ 8 inexp]i5ce1 %runk f ! responsibility ( ?is mission1 & did n accept x1 till 8 fa!r add$ 8 comm&s to ^? ( ! /ate4 ,he rema9$ two ye>s at ,burgos1 9 att5dance on ! ,spani% c\rt1 conduct+ himself 9 su* a way z to acquire ! e/eem ( ,f]d9&1 :o pres5t$ him ) a numb] ( silv] vessels ( great value on 8 dep>ture4 ,?is 0 no good s*ool = ! acquirem5t ( political integrity4 ,! ,italians 7 prov]bially trea*]\s1 b ,f]d9& emulat$ !m 9 ! arts ( deception4 ,x is relat$ ( ?is mon>*1 t :5 he he>d t ,l\is ,,xii4 compla9$ ( hav+ be5 twice deceiv$ by him1 he exclaim$1 ,! fool lies1 ,i h trick$ him above t5 times4 ,mean:ile ! aspect ( affairs *ang$ at ,flor5ce4 ,! ,fr5* 7 driv5 f ,italy1 & ! republic paid ! p5alty ( ! weak & dis>m$ neutrality :i* x _h pres]v$1 by be+ =c$ by ! alli$ armies to receive back ! exil$ ,m$ici4 ,! consequ5ce ( ?is return 0 a *ange ( gov]nm5t1 f t ( a free /ate1 to subjection to ! w ( a s+le family4 ,guicci>d9i act$ ) a prud5ce t acquir$ = him ! fav\r ( ! new rul]s2 &1 on 8 return f ,spa91 0 receiv$ ) e suitable m>k ( di/9ction4 ,8 joy1 h[ev]1 on return+ to 8 native t[n1 0 cl\d$ by ! rec5t dea? ( 8 fa!r4 ,on ! ev5t ( ! visit ( ,leo ,x4 to ,flor5ce1 att5d$ by a num]\s ret9ue ( c>d9als1 ,guicci>d9i1 :o _h lately fill$ ! (fice ( magi/rate1 0 s5t1 ) o!rs1 to receive ! pope at ,cortona4 ,leo 0 s /ruck by him1 t ! next day he nam$ him 8 consi/orial advocate1 ( 8 own accord1 )\t solicitation3 nor did 8 patronage /op "h2 he soon aft] took him entirely into 8 s]vice1 & f9d+ t 8 prud5ce & sagacity 7 equal to ! good op9ion he _h =m$ ( him1 he made him gov]nor ( ,reggio & ,mod5a4 ,he acquitt$ himself ) great cr$it 9 ?is high (fice4 ,hav+ be5 educat$ = ! robe1 in/ead ( ! c>e] ( arms1 ! enemies ( ! pope *]i%$ ! notion1 t he might be surpris$ & fright5$ 9 8 gov]nm5t2 b 8 firmness & judgm5t disconc]t$ all _! /ratagems4 ,:5 ,leo ,x4 di$1 ! m]its ( ,guicci>d9i became yet m conspicu\s4 ,! papal p[] 0 v infirmly e/abli%$ 9 ,lomb>dy1 & ! duke ( ,f]r>a1 :o claim$ ,mod5a & ,reggio z 8 own1 0 on ! al]t to take advantage ( ! int]val ( weakness caus$ by a delay 9 ! election ( a new pope2 b ,guicci>d9i foil$ him 9 all 8 attempts4 ,8 mo/ memorable action on ?is occasion 0 8 def5ce ( ,p>ma4 ,he relates x ) consci\s pride 9 8 hi/ory4 ,he _h be5 s5t by c>d9al ,julius de' ,m$ici to def5d ,p>ma f an attack made by ! ,fr5*4 ,guicci>d9i's *ief difficulty 01 to inspire ! citiz5s ) resolution & m>tial en?usiasm4 ,he convok$ !m toge!r1 di/ribut$ pikes among !m1 & caus+ ! def5celess "p ( ! t[n1 on "o side ( ! riv]1 to be ab&on$1 made /r5u\s ef=ts to intr5* ! o!r4 ,! enemy ent]$ ! des]t$ portion1 & ! p 7 eag] to surr5d]4 ,guicci>d9i po9t$ out to !m ! fact1 t ! ho/ile =ces 7 unprovid$ ) artill]y1 & s succe$$ 9 inspir+ !m ) "s degree ( resolution3 he l$ ! attack himself1 & ! success t att5d$ _! sortie increas+ _! c\rage1 ! enemy 0 driv51 (f & ! siege rais$4 ,f$]igo da ,bozzole1 :o comm&$ ! attack1 _h made sure ( success1 & decl>$ t he _h be5 deceiv$ 9 no?+ dur+ ! exp$ition1 except 9 ! notion t a gov]nor1 :o 0 n a soldi]1 & :o _h newly come to ! city1 %\ld c>ry on ! def5ce at 8 own p]il1 :5 he might h sav$ himself )\t di%on\r4 ,:5 c>d9al ,julius became pope1 "u ! "n ( ,clem5t ,,vii41 he %[$ 8 approbation ( ,guicci>d9i1 by nam+ him presid5t ( ,romagna1 ) great] p[]s ?an _h be5 enjoy$ by any pr$ecessor 9 t (fice3 ?us1 a l>ge portion ( ,italy nor? ( ! ,ap5n9es 0 "u 8 rule4 ,x 0 a situation ( hon\r1 b att5d$ ) an equal portion ( difficulty & lab\r1 f ! unsettl$ /ate ( ! c\ntry4 ,prud5ce & firmness1 & ev5 sev]ity1 7 ! *>act]i/ics ( ,guicci>d9i's adm9i/ration2 he 0 unrel5t+ t[>ds crim9als1 b at ! same "t became v popul>1 9 ,mod5a especially1 by ! att5tion he paid to ! com=t & pleasures ( ! p1 & ! embelli%m5ts he be/[$ on ! city4 ,at ?is "t ! ,fr5* 7 aga91 aft] ! battle ( ,pavia1 driv5 f ,italy1 & ,clem5t ,,vii41 afraid ( ! ov]we5+ p[] ( ,*>les ,v41 =m$ a league aga9/ him4 ,! duke ( ,urb9o 0 *ief ov] ! army ( ! league1 & ,guicci>d9i 0 nam$ lieut5ant-g5]al ( ! pontifical army 9 ! ecclesia/ical /ates4 ,! *oice t _h be5 made ( ! duke ( ,urb9o1 z *ief lead]1 0 injudici\s4 ,he _h be5 driv5 f 8 /ates by ,leo ,x42 ,lor5zo de' ,m$ici _h be5 gift$ ) 8 du*y1 & he naturally 0 inimical to 8 rival's family4 ,8 irresolute1 %uffl+ conduct dur+ ! disa/r\s advance ( ! con/able ,b\rbon on ,rome1 0 d\btless a pr9cipal cause ( ! sack ( t city4 ,guicci>d9i1 z g5]al ( ! papal army1 ex]t$ himself 9 va9 to induce him to m en]getic measures3 in/ead ( ?r[+ himself be=e ! advanc+ army ( ! imp]iali/s1 he sl[ly foll[$ x4 ,:5 ,b\rbon 0 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,arezzo1 ! duke ( ,urb9o ent]$ ,flor5ce4 ,! p[] ( ! ,m$ici 0 odi\s 9 t city4 ,a =midable p>ty1 ^: wat*word 0 lib]ty1 reg>d$ ) triumph ! dang]s to :i* ,clem5t ,,vii4 0 expos$4 ,a numb] ( ! y\ng] nobility among !m took occasion ( ! al>m excit$1 to seize on ! palace ( gov]nm5t4 ,! duke ( ,urb9o prep>$ to attack x1 b fir/ s5t ,f$]igo da ,bozzole to treat ) ! p>ty :o held x4 ,full ( en?usiasm & c\rage1 ! "y m5 refus$ all t]ms1 & ,bozzole left !m1 enrag$ at _! ob/9acy & _! p]sonal ill-treatm5t ( himself4 ,guicci>d9i p]ceiv$ ! dang]s t ?reat5$ 8 c\ntry4 ,x 0 an easy task = ! duke ( ,urb9o to attack ! palace ( gov]nm5t1 to de/roy x & all ^? )92 b an act ( viol5ce & blood%$ 0 to be avoid$4 ,guicci>d9i ha/5$ =w>d to meet ,bozzole z he left ! palace1 & repres5t$ to him briefly h[ displeas+ su* a conte/ w\ld be to ! pope1 & h[ detrim5tal to ! conf$]ates2 & h[ mu* bett] x w\ld be to calm1 in/ead ( exasp]at+1 ! m9d ( ! duke ( ,urb9o4 ,bozzole yield$1 & gave hope to ! duke t quiet might be re/or$ )\t rec\rse be+ _h to arms2 pacific means 7 9 consequ5ce resort$ to1 & ! insurg5ts induc$ to quit ! palace4 ,guicci>d9i relates ?is circum/ance & 8 int]f]5ce ) pride1 9 ! belief t he _h done 8 c\ntry z well z ! pope good s]vice1 b he adds1 t he got no ?anks f ei!r side2 ! ,m$ici p>ty accus+ him ( pref]r+ ! lives & safety ( ! citiz5s to ! firm e/abli%m5t ( t family2 :ile ! o!r p>ty decl>$ t he _h exagg]at$ _! difficulties1 & caus$ !m ne$lessly to yield _! advantages4 ,x _h be5 well = ! fame ( ,guicci>d9i1 if he _h submitt$ to ! blame ( 8 contempor>ies1 & secur$ ! approbation ( po/]ity1 by adh]+ to a l9e ( conduct s imp>tial & patriotic4 ,al?\gh ! fall ( ! ,m$ici 0 susp5d$ = a %ort "t on ?is occasion1 ! tak+ ( ,rome decid$ _! expulsion4 ,:5 ! duke ( ,urb9o w5t s\?w>d to deliv] ! pope1 besieg$ 9 ! ,ca/el ,sant' ,angelo1 ! ,flor5t9es seiz$ ! opportunity to drive out ! ,m$ici1 & to re/ore ! fre$om ( _! gov]nm5t4 ,! w>s c>ri$ on by ,clem5t ,,vii4 _h weigh$ heavily on ! republic1 s9ce he drew f x 8 *ief res\rces2 ! p 7 ?us exasp]at$ aga9/ 8 rule1 & n[ t !y possess$ ! p[]1 display$ _! hatr$ ( 8 family by _m acts ( outrage4 ,to h s]v$ !m 0 to %>e _! disgrace1 & ! odium ) :i* !y 7 reg>d$4 ,x has be5 relat$ h[ ,ma*iavelli1 republican z he 01 & p]sonally atta*$ to _m ( ! lead]s ( ! popul> p>ty1 0 unable to ov]come ! prejudice excit$ by 8 hav+ ent]$ ! s]vice ( ! ,m$ici4 ,guicci>d9i 0 visit$ by m op5 m>ks ( ! dislike ( ! new lead]s2 & he 0 ! m angry because he _h display$ a wi% to jo9 !m4 ,he nei!r lov$ nor e/eem$ ,clem5t2 :om he repres5ts z timid2 av>ici\s1 & ungraci\s4 ,he reg>d$ 8 imprisonm5t by ! imp]iali/s ) v lukew>m int]e/1 & ev5 rais$ soldi]s = ! def5ce ( ,flor5ce3 b ^! demon/rations did n avail to acquire = him ! confid5ce ( 8 c\ntrym51 & he 0 =c$ to fly ! t[n dur+ a popul> tumult4 ,h5ce seems to spr+ 8 hatr$ ( free in/itutions1 & 8 subsequ5t conduct 9 aid+ 9 ! de/ruction ( ! lib]ties ( 8 c\ntry4 ,f ?is "t he ent]$ ) all ! zeal ( p]sonal res5tm5t into ! cause ( ! ,m$ici4 ,8 "n has ?us receiv$ a ta9t nev] to be effac$4 ,he became ! abettor ( tyrants1 ! oppressor ( 8 fell[ citiz5s2 & t equity & firmness :i* he be=e ex]cis$2 by e/abli%+ ord] 9 ! di/ricts ov] :i* he presid$1 7 *ang$ to ! p]secution ( ! m>tyrs ( lib]ty4#cc ,x is impossible to slur ov] ?is portion ( 8 life z he does himself4 ,= x is rem>kable t ! only ev5ts record$ 9 8 hi/ory1 :i* are n>rat$ 9 a slov5ly & confus$ mann]1 are ^? 9 :i* he took a pr9cipal %>e1--! second re/oration ( ! ,m$ici1 & ! f9al ov]?r[ ( ! lib]ties ( ,flor5ce4 ,:5 a reconciliation _h be5 pat*$ up betwe5 ,*>les ,v4 & ,clem5t ,,vii41 ! =ce ( _! unit$ arms 0 turn$ aga9/ ,flor5ce4 ,! republic 0 head$ by gallant spirits1 :o1 see+ _! la/ hope ( fre$om 9 a successful resi/ance1 ex]t$ e n]ve to def5d !mselves4 ,!y 7 will+ to suff] any extremity1 r ?an submit to a slav]y :i* mu/ cru% = ev] ! pr\d indep5d5ce & free in/itutions ( _! native city4 ,guicci>d9i _h be5 nam$ by ! pope1 gov]nor ( ,bologna1 & took no "p 9 ! w> aga9/ 8 c\ntry2 b he is accus$ ( p>ticipat+ 9 ! iniquit\s proce$+s :i* foll[$ ! surr5d] ( ! city4 ,! pope act$ ) ! utmo/ trea*]y4 ,he grant$ g5]\s t]ms2 b :5 9 possession1 held a mock assembly ( ! p1 keep+ (f1 by means ( ! troops he introduc$1 all ! citiz5s1 except ^? prep>$ to receive law at 8 h&s4 ,he ?us1 z x 71 obta9$ a legal decree1 :i* *ang$ ! =m ( gov]nm5t1 & d5\nc$ its late lead]s4 ,executions & confiscations became ! ord] ( ! day2 ! *ief p[] 0 plac$ 9 ! h&s ( ,vettori1 ,guicci>d9i1 & two o!rs1 & _! conduct entail$ on !m ! execration ( _! fell[ citiz5s4 ,s zeal\s did ,guicci>d9i %[ himself1 t ! pope entru/$ him ) ! (fice ( re=m+ & re/rict+ ! li/ ( c&idates1 :o 7 select$ to be memb]s ( gov]nm5t1 & he display$ 8 prud5ce & sagacity = ! reign+ family at ! exp5se ( ! lives & lib]ties ( ! mo/ virtu\s among 8 fell[ citiz5s4 ,"u 8 auspices1 ! (fice ( gonfaloni]e1 :i* _h subsi/$ = #bej ye>s1 0 aboli%$1 & ,aless&ro de' ,m$ici 0 nam$ duke1 :i* title 0 to desc5d 9 p]petuity to 8 successors4 ,?is mis]able man 0 ! son ( a negro woman1 & reg>d$ z ! (fspr+ ( ,lor5zo1 ! son ( ,pi]o de' ,m$ici3 b x 0 m probable t he ow$ 8 exi/5ce to ,clem5t ,,vii42 at lea/ ! latt] claim$ ! hon\r ( pat]nity4 ,8 disgraceful bir? /amp$ him ) contempt2 8 pr(ligacy & cruelty acquir$ ! hatr$ ( ! p ov] :om he rul$4 ,guicci>d9i endeav\r$ to re/ra9 him 9 ! indulg5ce ( 8 vices1 b )\t avail4 ,he 0 n[ :olly devot$ to 8 s]vice4 ,:5 ,clem5t ,,vii4 di$1 8 successor wi%$ him to cont9ue gov]nor ( ,bologna1 b he refus$4 ,:ile ! see 0 vacant1 he _h yield$ to ! entreaties ( ! s5ators1 & rema9$ to prev5t popul> di/urbances4 ,!y promis$ him e assi/ance to ma9ta9 8 au?ority2 b 8 enemies took occasion to display _! disrespect4 ,g]onimo ,pepoli1 & o!rs1 :o "s ye>s be=e _h retir$ f ,bologna 9 di/a/e1 took ?is occasion to return1 accompani$ by arm$ foll[]s & public b&its4 ,guicci>d9i's haughty _s 0 9 arms aga9/ ! insult4 ,among ! foll[]s ( ,pepoli 7 two outlaws "u s5t5ce ( dea?2 ^! he caus$ to be seiz$1 l$ to prison1 & put to dea?4 ,pepoli manife/$ ! utmo/ indignation1 & 0 only re/ra9$ by ! au?ority ( ! s5ators f giv+ public tok5 ( 8 res5tm5t4 ,:5 ! new pope 0 elect$1 & ano!r gov]nor appo9t$1 ,guicci>d9i prep>$ to quit ! city4 ,pepoli ?reat5$ to attack him on 8 dep>ture2 b he1 undismay$1 set out at noon-day1 accompani$ only by a few att5dants on horseback4 ,8 road l$ him pa/ ! palace ( ! ,pepoli1 nor w\ld he div]ge f x on ?is acc\nt1 b pass$ "u _! w9d[s ) a firm & intrepid c\nt5ance1 & 0 p]mitt$ to pursue 8 way unmole/$4 ,he soon aft] display$ ?is en]gy & firmness ( "* 9 a v bad cause4 ,! ,flor5t9es1 unable any long] to endure ! tyranny & vices ( duke ,alex&]1 appeal$ to ,*>les ,v41 :om !y reg>d$ z "l p>am\nt ( _! /ate4 ,! emp]or summon$ ,alex&] to ,naples1 :]e he !n 01 to answ] ! *>ges made aga9/ him4 ,he obey$3 b ! emp]or 0 s inc5s$ t he began to fe> ! result1 & 0 on ! po9t ( retreat+1 _h n ,guicci>d9i exhort$ him to rema94 ,he drew up a def5ce = him1 & by a judici\s di/ribution ( bribes1 succe$$ 9 obta9+ 8 acquittal2 & ,flor5ce 0 aga9 subject$ to 8 yoke4 ,two ye>s aft]1 ,alex&] 0 murd]$ by ,lor5z9o de' ,m$ici1 :o consid]$ t he _h a bett] "r to be consid]$ ! head ( ! family4 ,b ?is act1 und]tak5 )\t ! p>ticipation ( any accomplice1 0 n foll[$ by ! results t might h be5 anticipat$4 ,lor5z9o1 fright5$ by 8 v success1 fl$ ! city1 & 8 c\s9 ,cosmo 0 rais$ to ! supreme p[]1 & aft]w>ds nam$ gr& duke ( ,tuscany4 ,guicci>d9i assi/$ mat]ially 9 8 elevation1 & hop$ to be real *ief ( ! /ate1 :ile ! o!r held ! nom9al rank4 ,b ,cosmo 0 ( a crafty1 cold1 & ungrateful disposition1 & treat$ 8 b5efactor ) su* neglect1 t he )drew himself f public life1 & retir$ to 8 c\ntry seat at ,montici1 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,flor5ce4 ,f ?is "t he occupi$ himself :olly 9 ! composition ( 8 hi/ory4 ,x is a f9e monum5t ( 8 g5ius & indu/ry4 ,x comm5ces ) ! invasion ( ,italy by ,*>les ,,viii41 & goes d[n to ! exaltation ( ,cosmo4 ,! fault attribut$ to him z an au?or is prolixity1 & to ?is he mu/ plead guilty4 ,he dwells ) ! mo/ tiresome & e>ne/ m9ut5ess on ! mo/ trivial incid5ts2 & ! tak+ ( an insignificant ca/le1 foll[$ by no important results1 is att5d$ by ! same diffus5ess & exactitude ( detail z ev5ts ( ! greate/ magnitude4 ,b no hi/orian surpasses ,guicci>d9i :5 ! subject is wor?y ( 8 p54 ,8 animat$ descriptions ( battles1 ! *ances ( w>1 & conduct ( pr9ces & lead]s2 8 del9eations ( "*1 & ma/]ly views ( ! c\rse ( ev5ts1 all claim ! highe/ admiration4 ,! orations1 :i* he int]sp]ses1 h be5 cavill$ at1 b !y are eloqu5t1 full ( dignifi$ exhortation1 or sagaci\s reason+4 ,8 acc\nt ( ! rise & =mation ( ! temporal p[] ( ! popes excit$ great c5sure 9 ca?olic c\ntries2 & ?r\gh\t he is accus$ ( %[+ himself ! enemy ( ! ,roman *ur*4 ,x is true1 t ! pages ( no o!r hi/orian af=d su* conv9c+ pro(s ( ! p]nici\s effects result+ f ! union ( spiritual supremacy & temporal possessions4 ,8 p[]ful "* ( ! infam\s pope ,borgia2 8 description ( ! fi]y vehem5ce ( ,julius ,,ii42 8 unveil+ ( ! faults ( ,leo ,x41 & ! exposure he makes ( ! mi/akes & weakness ( ,clem5t ,,vii41 pres5t ! v m5 & times to our eyes1 & =m z x 7 a s*ool 9 :i* to /udy ! philosophy ( hi/ory4 ,we p]ceive no p>tiality till ! la/ few pages1 :i* record ! d[nfall ( ! republic ( ,flor5ce4 ,8 language is1 9 ! eyes ( ,italian critics1 ne>ly pure2 x is =cible1 )\t be+ concise2 & ! cle>ness & maje/y ( ! expressions 9 8 be/ passages c>ry ! read] along ) him4 ,guicci>d9i 0 solicit$ by pope ,paul ,,iii4 to leave 8 retreat1 & to ent] aga9 on public life1 b he refus$4 ,! disappo9tm5t ( 8 ambiti\s views on ! exaltation ( ,cosmo1 & ! duke's +ratitude1 /ruck him to ! he>t4 ,he did n live to complete 8 hi/ory1 & di$ on ! #bg? ( ,may1 #aedj1 9 ! fifty-eigh? ye> ( 8 age4 ,he expressly ord]$ t 8 fun]al %\ld be unatt5d$ by any pomp2 & 8 directions 7 s /rictly foll[$1 t = "s "t no /one ev5 commemorat$ ! spot ( 8 sepulture4 ,little is kn[n ( 8 private life4 ,8 lett]s h all p]i%$1 except a few address$ to ,ma*iavelli4 ,!y are lively 9 _! /yle1 & v fri5dly4 ,he _h no son1 & sev5 daught]s1 & wrote to ! secret>y to ask 8 advice 9 settl+ !m 9 m>riage4 ,ma*iavelli advis$ 8 apply+ to ! pope = a d[ry2 c\nsell+ him by all means to m>ry ! elde/ well1 z ! o!rs w\ld foll[ h] example2 & he quotes a passage f ,dante1 ref]r+ to a duke ( ,prov5ce1 :o _h ?ree daught]s & ea* a que54 ,& ! cause ( ?is ?+1 0 ,romeo1 a poor w&]+ man1 :o _h advis$ ! duke to be unsp>+ 9 8 d[ry to 8 elde/ daught]1 s to comm& a spl5did alliance1 z ! be/ means to advance h] si/]s also4 ,he gave h] half 8 du*y1 & %e m>ri$ ! k+ ( ,france4 ,guicci>d9i 9 reply says1 ,y h set me on ransack+ ,romagna = a copy ( ,dante1 & at la/ ,i h f\nd "o4 ,b he 0 too high-spirit$ to apply = a gift f ! pope4 ,guicci>d9i 0 tall & ( comm&+ aspect2 r squ>ely made1 & n h&some2 b robu/1 & ) an animat$1 intellig5t c\nt5ance4 ,he 0 ambiti\s1 & ev5 haughty1 s t he c\ld endure nei!r contradiction nor advice4 ,prud5ce1 indu/ry1 sagacity1 & a p5etrat+ und]/&+1 recomm5d$ him to 8 employ]s2 & he 0 frequ5tly entru/$ ) c>ry+ on & correct+ ! correspond5ce ( ! pope & o!r pr9ces4 ,! la/ six books ( 8 hi/ory are consid]$ unf9i%$4 ,no portion ( x 0 publi%$ till "s ye>s aft] 8 dea?1 & !n ! passages consid]$ injuri\s to papacy 7 omitt$4 ,a complete edition 0 fir/ pr9t$ at ,basle2 b1 ev5 9 ?is1 ! objectionable passages appe>$ "u ! disguise ( ,lat94 ,8 fir/ idea _h be5 to write only memoirs ( 8 own life2 & x 0 by ! advice ( ,n>di1 x is said1 t he enl>g$ 8 plan into a hi/ory ( ,italy dur+ 8 own times4 ,footnote #cb3 ,x 0 a habit among ! ,flor5t9es to keep memor&a ( ! pr9cipal ev5ts ( _! lives1 :i* !y call$ ,ricordi4 ,! date ( ! bir? ( ,guicci>d9i has be5 disput$1 b x is asc]ta9$ f a ,,ms4 book ( 8 ricordi1 or records1 :i* ,manni cites4 ,he ?us writes conc]n+ himself3--,i record t ,i1 ,francesco di ,pi]o ,guicci>d9i1 n[ doctor ( civil & canon law1 0 born on ! #f? ,m>*1 #adhb1 at t5 o'clock4 ,i 0 baptis$ ,francesco1 f ,francesco de ,n]li1 my mat]nal gr&fa!r1 & ,tommaso1 out ( respect = ,/4 ,?omas ,aqu9as1 on ^: fe/ival ,i 0 born4 ,mess] ,m>siglio ,fic9o held me at ! baptismal font1 :o 0 ! greate/ platonic philosoph] !n exi/+ 9 ! _w1 & by ,giovanni ,canacci & ,pi]o del ,n]o1 bo? philosoph]s also4 ,footnote #cc3 ,see a clev] pamphlet1 entitl$ ,saggio sulla ,vita e sulle ,op]e di ,francesco ,guicci>d9i1 by ,ros9i1 a pr(essor ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,pisa4 ,,vittoria ,,colonna #adij-aedg4 ,x w\ld be giv+ a v fa9t idea ( ! /ate ( ,italian lit]ature1 or ev5 ( ! lives l$ by ! le>n$ m5 ( ^? times1 if all m5tion 7 omitt$ ( ! wom5 :o di/+ui%$ !mselves 9 lit]ature4 ,no slur 0 ca/ by ! ,italians on fem99e accompli%m5ts4 ,:]e ab/ruse le>n+ 0 a fa%ion among m51 !y 7 glad to f9d 9 _! fri5ds ( ! o!r sex1 m9ds educat$ to %>e _! pursuits & applaud _! success4 ,9 ^? days le>n+ 0 a sort ( weal?2 m5 got z mu* z !y c\ld1 & wom51 ( c\rse1 7 l$ to acquire a portion ( su* a valuable possession4 ,! li/ ( wom5 :o aspir$ to lit]>y fame 9 ,italy is v long4 ,ev5 9 ,petr>*'s "t1 ! daught] ( a pr(essor ( ,bologna1 gave lectures 9 ! univ]sity beh9d a veil1 :i* has be5 suppos$ 0 us$ to hide h] beauty1 & :i* at lea/ is a beautiful trait ( mode/y1 :]e a "y girl 0 will+ to imp>t h] k to ! /udi\s1 b %runk f meet+ ! public gaze4 ,! "m ( ,lor5zo de' ,m$ici is celebrat$ = h] sacr$ poems1 & h] patronage ( lit]ature4 ,ippolita ,s=za1 daught] ( ! duke ,francesco1 & m>ri$ to ,alfonso ,,ii41 k+ ( ,naples1 0 le>n$ 9 ,greek & _m o!r languages4 ,a manuscript copy ( a translation ( ,tully's de ,s5ectute is pres]v$ ( h]s at ,rome1 & m>k$ z hav+ be5 writt5 9 h] y\?2 & two ( h] ,lat9 orations are to be se5 9 ! ,ambrosian ,libr>y at ,milan4 ,aless&ra ,scala1 to :om ,politian 0 atta*$1 wrote ,greek v]ses1 :i* h be5 pr9t$1 app5d$ to ! ,lat9 poetry ( h] le>n$ lov]4 ,!re 0 an ,isotta ( ,padua1 ^: lett]s are models ( elegance1 & :o compos$ v>i\s poems ( m]it4 ,! noble h\se ( ,e/e boa/$ ( a le>n$ pr9cess4 ,bianca d',e/e has be5 celebrat$ by "o ( ! ,/rozzi 9 ,lat9 v]ses2 he speaks ( h] ,greek & ,lat9 compositions ) great praise4 ,damigella ,torcila1 we are told1 0 numb]$ among ! mo/ di/+ui%$ wom5 ( h] "t4 ,%e 0 pr(\ndly v]s$ 9 ! le>n$ languages1 p>ticul>ly 9 ,greek2 %e 0 an admirable musician1 & z beautiful z %e 0 wise4 ,cass&ra ,f$ele1 h[ev]1 excell$ all h] sex 9 h] acquirem5ts4 ,%e 0 ( a noble family1 orig9ally ( ,milan2 born at ,v5ice 9 #adfe3 %e 01 by h] fa!r's desire1 in/ruct$ 9 all ! ab/ruse /udies--,greek1 ,lat91 philosophy1 & music--) su* success1 t ev5 9 girlhood %e 0 ! admiration ( all ! le>n$ m5 ( ! age4 ,!re is a lett] f ,politian to h]1 :i* praises h] ,lat9 lett]s1 n only = _! clev]ness & elegance ( /yle1 b = ! girli% & maid5 simplicity :i* adorn$ !m4 ,i h read also1 he says1 y\r le>n$ & eloqu5t oration1 :i* is h>moni\s1 dignifi$1 & full ( tal5t4 ,i am told t y are v]s$ 9 philosophy & dialectics1 t y entangle o!rs by ! mo/ s]i\s difficulties1 & make all pla9 y\rself ) admirable ease2 & :ile e "o loads y ) praise1 y are g5tle & humble4 ,?is k9d ( k w\ld n suit ^! days3 b ^? 7 times :5 m5 tri$ to puzzle !mselves by s*ola/ic le>n+1 & :5 ! noble ,pico della ,mir&ola took pleasure 9 disput+ on n9e hundr$ que/ions4 ,isabella ( ,spa91 ,l\is ,,xii4 ( ,france1 & pope ,leo ,x4 all w>mly solicit$ ,cass&ra to take up h] abode at _! sev]al c\rts4 ,%e %[$ will+ness to accept ! que5's invitation2 b ! ,v5etian republic set s high a value ^u h]1 t !y w\ld n p]mit h] to leave _! /ate4 ,%e m>ri$ ,mapelli1 a physician1 :o 0 s5t to ,c&ia by ! republic1 & ,cass&ra accompani$ him4 ,%e became a wid[ late 9 life1 & liv$ to extreme old age4 ,%e 0 elect$ :5 n9ety ye>s old to be ! sup]ior ( a religi\s h\se 9 ,v5ice2 & di$ at ! age ( "o hundr$ & two4 ,?is li/ might easily be mu* enl>g$2 b we h no space = fur!r dilation2 & !re=e turn f names less illu/ri\s1 to ,vittoria ,colonna1 ! woman ( all o!rs :o conf]r$1 by h] virtues1 tal5ts1 & beauty1 hon\r on h] sex4 ,vittoria ,colonna 0 ! daught] ( ,fabrizio ,colonna1 gr& con/able ( ! k+dom ( ,naples1 & ( ,anna di ,montefeltro1 daught] ( ,fr$]ic duke ( ,urb9o4 ,%e 0 born at ,m>9o1 a ca/le belong+ to h] family1 ab\t ! ye> #adij4 ,at ! infant9e age ( f\r %e 0 betro!d to ,f]d9&o ,francesco d',avolos1 m>quess ( ,pesc>a1 :o 0 n old] ?an 8 baby bride4 ,%e 0 educat$ ) ! mo/ s$ul\s c>e1 & 0 s\ght 9 m>riage by v>i\s pr9ces--b t fidelity ( disposition :i* 0 h] beautiful *>act]i/ic ?r\gh life1 prev5t$ h] f break+ h] contract ) h] "y lov]4 ,!y 7 m>ri$ at ! age ( sev5te54 ,he compet$ ) h] 9 tal5ts & accompli%m5ts4 ,!y lov$ ea* o!r ) ! utmo/ t5d]ness1 & liv$ = f\r ye>s succe$+ to _! m>riage1 9 solitude1 9 ! isl& ( ,is*ia1 :]e ,pesc>a _h a palace4 ,b ?is happ9ess 0 ( %ort duration2 at ! "t :5 ,julius ,,ii4 leagu$ all ,italy aga9/ ,l\is ,,xii41 ! m>quess ( ,pesc>a jo9$ ! army ( ! emp]or4 ,vittoria 0 full ( *ivalric feel+s2 h] en?usiasm1 z well z h] t5d]ness1 7 gratifi$ by ! occupation ( embroid]+ bann]s = h] h]o1 :o1 at ! e>ly age ( "o-&-tw5ty1 0 made g5]al ( cavalry at ! battle ( ,rav5na4 ,t disa/r\s day 0 adv]se to him4 ,he 0 tak5 prison] & s5t to ,milan1 :]e he rema9$ a ye>1 & wrote a dialogue on love1 address$ to 8 wife1 9 a d$ication 9 :i* he lam5ts t he c no long] visit h] z he 0 us$1 :5ev] ! duties ( 8 /ation p]mitt$ 8 abs5ce4 ,z a k9d ( answ] to ?is te/imony ( 8 affection1 ,vittoria design$ an emblem--,cupid )9 a circle1 =m$ by a s]p5t1 ) ! motto ,quem pep]it virtus1 prud5tia s]vet amorem--,may prud5ce pres]ve ! love1 :i* orig9at$ 9 virtue4 ,aft] ! ,fr5* 7 driv5 f ,italy1 t unhappy c\ntry enjoy$ a %ort int]val ( peace1 int]rupt$ by ! invasion ( ,francis ,i4 ,pesc>a 0 pres5t at ! battle ( ,pavia1 & di/+ui%$ himself by 8 intrepidity1 & ma9ly contribut$ to ! success ( ! emp]or's arms4 ,he 0 n rew>d$ z he des]v$1 & ! opposite or ,fr5* p>ty ?\ght t 8 consequ5t discont5t af=d$ an op5+ = a reconciliation ) !m4 ,g]onimo ,morone 0 employ$ by !m to s$uce him f 8 fidelity to ,*>les ,v4 ,he 0 (f]$ ! k+dom ( ,naples z a rew>d1 & e argum5t 0 us$ t might h mo/ weight2--! hon\r he w\ld acquire by driv+ ! b>b>\s nations f ,italy1 & ! fav\rs :i* ! pope & o!r pr9ces w\ld %[] ^u him4 ,^! 71 h[ev]1 b speci\s reason+s4 ,pesc>a l5t too ready an e> to !m2 b ,vittoria at once detect$ _! fallacy1 & ! disgrace t w\ld befall h] husb& if he ab&on$ 8 imp]ial ma/]4 ,%e wrote him a lett] full ( e>ne/ p]suasion to refuse ! dazzl+ (f]s ( ,morone4 ,%e spoke ( ! glory acquir$ by fidelity & unblemi%$ hon\r1 z f> outweigh+ any t a cr[n c\ld be/[1 say+1 t = h]self1 %e desir$ to be call$ ! wife1 n ( a k+1 b ( t great & glori\s soldi]1 ^: val\r & g5]osity ( s\l _h vanqui%$ ! greate/ k+s4 ,pesc>a's conduct on ?is occasion is :olly unwor?y ( ! precepts ( 8 admirable wife4 ,he cont9u$ fai?ful to ! emp]or1 b act$ ! base "p ( a spy & in=m]3 by 8 means ,morone's designs 7 betray$1 & he 0 ?r[n into prison4 ,!re is no d\bt t ! high-m9d$ ,vittoria cont9u$ to ! la/ entirely ignorant ( ?is ignoble action2 & prais$ h] husb& = hav+ li/5$ to h] exhortations1 & reject$ a cr[n4 ,b :ile ! m>quess 0 act+ s z to ca/ an et]nal /igma on 8 hon\r1 dea? 0 at h& to t]m9ate e ambiti\s project4 ,8 _m w\nds1 & ! fatigues he _h endur$ dur+ ! long w>s1 _h s %ak5 8 heal?1 t nei!r 8 good con/itution nor ! skill ( physicians 7 any long] able to af=d relief4 ,:ile prep>+ to die1 he desir$ to take leave ( 8 wife1 & s5t = h] to jo9 him at ,milan2 b :5 he f\nd t he %\ld n survive long en\gh to see h]1 he s5t = 8 c\s91 ! m>*ese del ,va/o1 & recomm5d$ ,vittoria to him ) ! w>me/ affection4 ,vittoria1 on he>+ ( h] husb&'s illness1 _h left ,naples to jo9 him4 ,%e pass$ ?r\gh ,rome1 :]e %e 0 receiv$ ) ! greate/ hon\rs1 b on arriv+ at ,vit]bo1 %e receiv$ intellig5ce ( ,pesc>a's dea?3 h] grief caus$ h] to =get h] religi\s resignation & =titude2 its excess ov]:elm$ h] ) te>s & ! bitt]e/ angui%4 ,f t "t ?is illu/ri\s lady nev] ceas$ to sp5d e faculty ( h] s\l 9 lam5t+ h] lo/ husb&4 ,!y _h be5 m>ri$ sev5te5 ye>s1 b _h no *ild2 %e gave h]self up entirely to sorr[2 & h] fai?ful he>t1 incapable ( a second atta*m5t to replace "o :i* _h begun ) h] life1 *]i%$ only ! image ( h] pa/ happ9ess1 & ! hope ( its r5ewal 9 ano!r life4 ,h] active m9d c\ld n repose tranquilly on its mis]y2 %e cont9u$ to cultivate x1 s to r5d] x m wor?y ( ,pesc>a1 & %e ex]cis$ & amus$ x by ! _m sonnets %e wrote 9 8 hon\r4 ,an ,italian au?or has nam$ h] second only to ,petr>*4 ,h] v]ses are full ( t5d]ness1 ( absorb+ passion1 ( tru? & life4 ,!y fail 9 poetic fancy2 & yet1 s mu* does ! read] sympa?ise 9 ! int5se & fond sorr[s ( ?is extraord9>y woman1 t none c criticise1 :ile all are t\*$ by h] lam5ts4 ,! be/ poem 9 h] volume has be5 attribut$ to ,ario/o1 ,i d n "k on :at au?ority2 b if writt5 by h]1 has t elegance ( /yle & conc5tration ( expression1 :i* *>act]ises true poetry4 ,x beg9s ) ! affect+ exclamation1 ,i am inde$ h] y lov$6 ,behold h[ bitt] & eat+ grief has *ang$ me6--,sc>cely c\ld y recognise me by my voice4 ,on y\r dep>ture1 t *>m :i* y call$ beauty1 & ( :i* ,i 0 pr\d1 s9ce x 0 de> to y1 left my *eeks1 my eyes1 my hair6--,yet1 ah6 h[ c ,i live1 :5 ,i rememb] t ! impi\s tomb & envi\s du/ contam9ates & de/roys ?y de> & beautiful limbs6 ,^! v]ses may 9 _! orig9al be v ju/ly comp>$ 9 pa?os & grace to ,petr>*3-- ,io sono1 io son b5 dessa6 or v$i come ,m' ha cangiata il dolor fi]o ed atroce ,*' a fatica la voce ,pu di me d> la conosc5za v]a4 ,lassa6 *' al tuo p>tir "p veloce ,dalle guancie1 dagli oc*i1 e dalle *iome ,que/a a cui davi come ,tu di beltade1 ed io n' &ava alt]a1 ,*e me 'l cr$ea1 p]* 9 tal pregio t' era4 99 99 99 99 99 ,com' *' io viva1 qu&o mi rimembra1 ,*' empio sepolcro1 e invidiosa polve ,contam9a e dissolve ,la delicate alaba/r9e membra8 ,= sev5 ye>s %e gave up h] :ole he>t to sorr[4 ,h] relations1 ?9k+ h] too "y at ! age ( ?irty-five to cont9ue unm>ri$1 press$ h] to accept "o ( ! _m (f]s ( m>riage :i* %e receiv$4 ,b1 w$d$ z all h] ?\ghts _h be5 s9ce h] e>lie/ infancy to "o object1 %e felt unconqu]ably av]se to any second nuptials4 ,%e liv$ 9 retirem5t ei!r at ,is*ia or ,naples1 d$icat+ h]self :olly to memory4 ,h] active m9d1 refus+ to f9d com=t 9 any sublun>y bless+1 _h rec\rse to religion = consolation4 ,%e n[ employ$ h]self 9 writ+ sacr$ poetry1 & h] en?usia/ic disposition l$ h] to project a pilgrimage to ,j]usalem2 b ! m>*ese del ,va/o oppos$ h] putt+ x into execution4 ,%e n[ left ,naples on a t\r to ! nor? ( ,italy1 & visit$ ,lucca & ,f]r>a4 ,%e aft]w>ds took up h] resid5ce at ,rome1 & became ! intimate fri5d ( ! c>d9als ,bembo1 ,cont>9i1 & ,pole1 & v>i\s di/+ui%$ prelates4 ,a love ( yet great] retirem5t induc$ h] a few ye>s aft] to retreat to a conv5t at ,orvieto2 f :5ce %e remov$1 aft] a %ort "t1 to ! conv5t ( ,santa ,cat]9a1 at ,vit]bo4 ,our c\ntryman1 c>d9al ,pole1 resid$ 9 ?is t[n1 & an intimate fri5d%ip subsi/$ betwe5 him & ,vittoria4 ,!re is a resemblance 9 _! *>act]s t r5d]s ?is int]c\rse int]e/+2 !y 7 bo? s+lem9d$1 en?usia/ic1 & noble4 ,vittoria add$ fem99e t5d]ness to ^! qualities1 :ile religi\s f]v\r =m$ a bond ( sympa?y betwe5 !m4 ,! companions ( c>d9al ,pole 7 ,flam9io & ,pietro ,c>nescec*i3 ! latt] hav+ aft]w>ds become a prote/ant1 d\bts h be5 rais$ conc]n+ ! or?odoxy ( ,vittoria2 b !re is e evid5ce t %e nev] fell (f f h] adh]5ce to ! ca?olic *ur*4 ,a %ort "t be=e h] dea? %e return$ to ,rome1 & took up h] abode 9 ! ,palazzo ,ces>9i2 :]e %e di$1 9 ! ye> #aedg1 at ! age ( fifty-sev54 ,dur+ h] la/ mom5ts h] atta*$ fri5d1 ,mi*ael ,angelo1 /ood beside h]4 ,he 0 consid]ably h] junior1 & look$ up to h] z some?+ sup]ior to human nature1 & entitl$ to 8 mo/ f]v5t admiration4 ,he has writt5 _m sonnets 9 h] praise2 & !re is extant a lett]1 9 :i* he /ates h[ he /ood beside h] lifeless rema9s1 & kiss$ h] cold h&1 lam5t+ aft]w>ds t ! ov]:elm+ grief & awe ( ! mom5t1 _h prev5t$ him f press+ h] lips = ! fir/ & la/ "t4 ,?is almo/ div9e woman 0 held by h] contempor>ies 9 en?usia/ic v5]ation4 ,h] "n is always accompani$ by gl[+ praises & expressions ( he>tfelt respect4 ,ario/o jo9$ ) all ,italy 9 celebrat+ h] virtues & tal5ts1 & has address$ sev]al /anzas to h] 9 8 ,orl&o ,furioso4 ,,gu>9i #aecg-afab4 ,batti/a ,gu>ani 0 desc5d$ f a family illu/ri\s = its lit]>y m]its4 ,"o ( 8 ance/ors1 kn[n z ,gu>9o ( ,v]ona1 0 conspicu\s among ! re/or]s ( le>n+ ( ! fifte5? c5tury2 & 8 desc5dants emulat$ 8 lab\rs4 ,batti/a 0 born at ,f]r>a1 9 #aecg4 ,8 "m 0 ,orsol9a1 ! daught] ( c\nt ,baldass>e ,ma*iavelli4 ,we are ne>ly 9 ignorance ) reg>d to any ( ! circum/ances ( ! e>ly y\? ( ,gu>9i4 ,he /udi$ at ,pisa & ,padua1 & visit$ ,rome :ile v "y4 ,on 8 return to ,f]r>a1 he gave lectures on ,ari/otle 9 ! univ]sity4 ,he 0 made pr(essor ( belles lettres1 & 0 already kn[n to 8 fri5ds z a poet4 ,he m>ri$ "y1 ,taddea ,b5d$ei1 ( a noble ,f]r>ese family4 ,b ,gu>9i 0 n cont5t$ ) a life ( lit]>y lab\r1 & pref]r$ ! di/9ction ( a c\rt to poetic fame4 ,!re is a lett] ( 81 dat$ #aefe1 :i* gives tok5 t he _h already made ! paltry ambition ( s]v+ a pr9ce ! aim ( 8 life4 ,?is lett] is writt5 to a fri5d at ,pisa1 :o _h ask$ 8 advice on ! subject ( :e!r he %\ld ent] on ! s]vice ( 8 sov]eign4 ,gu>9i e/abli%es ! doctr9e1 t 9 private life a man is z f> f tranquillity z 9 public2 he is equally pursu$ by envy & pride1 )\t ! comp5sation he might f9d 9 c\rtly fav\r4 ,9 8 own p]son he act$ on ^! ideas1 & reap$ ! usual h>ve/ ( disappo9tm5t & mortification4 ,8 wi%es 71 h[ev]1 at fir/ gratifi$4 ,he 0 s5t1 by ! duke ,alfonso1 to ,v5ice1 ab\t ?is v "t1 to congratulate ! new doge1 ,pietro ,lor$ano2 &1 8 oration be+ pr9t$1 he acquir$ a reputation = tal5t & le>n+4 ,he 0 = "s "t resid5t at ,tur91 z ambassador to ,emanuel ,philib]t1 duke ( ,savoy4 ,9 #aegc1 he 0 s5t to ,rome1 to pay homage to ,gregory ,,xiii41 :o _h succe$$ to ,pius ,v4 ,he arriv$ 9 ! ev5+1 aft] a ha/y j\rney1 & pass$ ! night 9 compos+ 8 spee*1 :i* he deliv]$ ! next morn+ 9 consi/ory4 ,two ye>s aft]w>ds1 ! duke s5t him to ,pol&1 to congratulate ,h5ry ( ,valois on 8 accession to ! ?rone4 ,on 8 return1 he 0 nam$ c\nsellor & secret>y ( /ate4 ,aft] an int]val1 he 0 a second "t s5t to ,pol&1 on a mission ( ! highe/ importance4 ,h5ry ( ,valois succe$$ to ! cr[n ( ,france1 & ,alfonso 0 desir\s ( be+ *os5 9 8 room to ! ,poli% ?rone4 ,gu>9i 0 s5t to negotiate 8 election4 ,he felt ! weight & responsibility ( 8 err& fall heavily on him4 ,8 lett] to 8 wife dur+ ! j\rney has be5 sev]al times quot$1 b x is too int]e/+ to be omitt$ "h4 ,x is dat$ f ,w>saw1 ,novemb] #be4 #aege1 & is z foll[s3-- ,?is :i* y read is my lett] & n my lett]2 x is m9e1 = ,i dictate x1--x is n m9e1 because ,i d n write x4 ,b y mu/ n s mu* grieve t ,i h n a h& to write )1 z rejoice t ,i h a tongue to rec\nt t :i*1 f va9 compassion or neglig5ce1 ano!r might conceal4 ,i "k y mu/ h be5 compla9+ ( my dilator9ess 9 writ+1 b ,i %all f9d no difficulty 9 excus+ myself1 s9ce ! cause has be5 worse ?an ! effect2 &1 in/ead ( lam5t+ my sil5ce1 y may ?ank ,god t y at la/ he> f me4 ,i set out1 z y "k1 m 9 ! fa%ion ( a c\ri] ?an an ambassador2 & x w\ld h be5 well if my body alone _h lab\r$1 :ile my m9d repos$4 ,b ! h& us$ by day to :ip on my horses1 0 put to s]vice at night 9 turn+ ov] pap]s4 ,?us1 =m]ly1 ,i arriv$ at ,rome 9 ! ev5+ by po/1 & ! next day pres5t$ myself at ! consi/ory4 ,nature gave way "u ! d\ble fatigue ( body & m9d1 especially z ,i travell$ by ! road t passes ?r\gh ,s>avalle & ,ampez1 :i* is inexpressibly disagreeable & incommodi\s1 z well f ! rud5ess ( ! inhabitants z ! /ate ( ! c\ntry2 ! want ( horses1 sc>city ( provisions1 &1 9 %ort1 ( e necess>y ( life2 s t1 on my arrival at ,hala1 ,i fell ill ( a fev]1 9 spite ( :i* ,i hurri$ on to ,vi5na4 ,i leave y to imag9e :at ,i suff]$ f fev]1 we>9ess1 & ?ir/3 unable to procure rem$ies or m$ical treatm5t2 ca/ ^u bad lodg+s1 bad food1 & into b$s t smo!r$ me ) _! fea!rs2 devoid ( all ^? conv5i5ces & com=ts :i* are necess>y to ! sick4 ,my malady increas$1 & my /r5g? grew less2 & e ?+1 except w9e1 became di/a/eful to me1 s t ,i _h small hopes ( life1 & turn$ ) disgu/ ev5 f ! few days ,i expect$ to live4 ,:ile ,i navigat$ ! ,danube1 we 7 ne>ly ov]:elm$ by a rapid & dang]\s /ream1 & %\ld n h escap$ _h n ! sailors made use ( ! assi/ance ( ! /rong & active m5 ( ! c\ntry1 :o are accu/om$ to cont5d ) ?is dang]1 be+ always on ! spot to give aid1 & :o1 by =ce ( o>s1 /emm$ ! torr5t4 ,b = _! help no vessel c\ld escape wreck2 & ! place is wor?y ( ! infam\s reputation x has ga9$1 & ! "n ( ! ,pass ( ,dea?1 :i* is be/[$ on x4 ,! bolde/ travell]s fe> ! passage1 & disemb>k1 & proce$ by l&1 till ! boat has got beyond ! dang]1 = x is really frightful2 b ,i 0 s ill1 t ,i _h lo/ all s5se ( p]il1 & rema9$ on bo>d ) ! brave boatm51--,i w n say :e!r f /upidity or intrepidity1--yet ,i may say t ,i 0 intrepid1 s9ce ,i felt no fe> :5 b two /eps f c]ta9 dea?4 ,i arriv$ at la/ at ,vi5na1 :]e a physician1 )\t consid]+ ! symptoms ( my illness1 gave me a m$ic9e t poison$ me1 & my malady grew worse4 ,y w all say t ,i ought to h /opp$ %ort1 & tak5 c>e ( my life3 my common s5se1 my suff]+s1 ! failure ( /r5g?1 & a natural wi% to live1 love = my fell[ creatures & my family1 sugge/$ ! same c\nsel2 b my hon\r =c$ me to proce$1 & oblig$ me1 s9ce ,i 0 at ! head ( ?is embassy1 & z ! :ole weight ( s important a negotiation re/$ on me1 to pref] ! int]e/s ( my pr9ce to my own safety2 & ,i act$ s t ,i might te/ify to all ,pol& my fidelity to my sov]eign by my dea?1 r ?an1 by pres]v+ my life1 give room to ! suspicion t ,i feign$ an illness s to break my promises1 ! fulfilm5t ( :i* 0 expect$ ) anxiety2 :i* false notion among ^? selfi% & di/ru/ful m5 w\ld at once h discr$it$ our negotiation1 & depriv$ our pr9ce ( ! cr[n :i* we are endeav\r+ to place on 8 head4 ,x is impossible to =m an idea ( :at ,i suff]$ dur+ a j\rney ( m ?an #fjj miles1 f ,vi5na to ,w>saw2 dragg$ & torn along1 r ?an convey$1 by my incommodi\s c>riage4 ,i d n "k h[ ,i surviv$3 beset by cont9ual fev]1 )\t re/1 or food1 or rem$ies2 endur+ excessive cold & inf9ite inconv5i5ces1 :ile ,i pass$ ?r\gh an un9habit$ c\ntry1 :]e ,i (t5 f\nd x bett] to rema9 = ! night 9 my uncom=table c>riage1 ?an to expose myself to ! /5* ( ! inns or1 r1 /ables1 :]e ! dog1 ! cat1 ! f[ls1 ! geese1 ! pigs1 ! calves1 & sometimes squall+ *ildr51 kept me awake all night4 ,! difficulties ( ! j\rney 7 increas$ also by ! robb]s1 :o1 dur+ ?is int]regnum1 infe/ ! c\ntry1 robb+ :atev] !y c2 s t x 0 impossible to proce$ )\t a /rong escort2 &1 al?\gh ,i took inf9ite pa9s to avoid !m1 ,i _h twice ne>ly fall5 into _! h&s1 escap+ r ?r\gh ,div9e ,provid5ce ?an human =esight4 ,i arriv$ at la/ at ,w>saw1 a great deal m dead ?an alive2 nor h ,i ga9$ any relief to my suff]+s by be+ "h1 except t ,i am no long] 9 movem5t1 nor dragg$ along by my c>riage2 = ! re/1 ,i enjoy no repose1 ei!r night or day4 ,my fev] is n[ my lea/ evil2 ! objects by :i* ,i am surr\nd$ are worse3 ! place1 ! season1 ! food1 ! dr9k1 ! m$ic9es1 ! physicians1 ! s]vants1 ! inquietude ( my m9d1 & o!r tr\bles1 are great] ills ?an ! fev]1 :i* w\ld soon quit me b = ^! annoyances4 ,inde$1 ,i h n yet discov]$ :e!r my sleepless nights arise f illness1 or ! con/ant noise ar\nd me4 ,imag9e a :ole nation assembl$ 9 a little village1 & ,i lodg$ 9 ! middle ( x4 ,!re is no spot above1 bel[1 to ! "r nor to ! left1--!re is no room by day or by night1 t is n full ( noise & di/urbance4 ,no p>ticul> "t is set ap>t = bus9ess "h2 !y are always at "w1 because !y are always dr9k+1 & )\t w9e all transactions gr[ cold4 ,:5 bus9ess is end$ visits beg91 & :5 ^! are ov]1 drums1 trumpets1 cannons1 %\ts1 cries1 qu>rels1 & e o!r species ( tumult1 fill up ! int]val till ,i am di/ract$4 ,if ,i suff]$ ^! ?+s = ! glory & love ( ,god1 x w\ld be call$ a m>tyrdom2 & yet1 to r5d] s]vice )\t hope ( rew>d1 almo/ des]ves ! same "n4 ,god kn[s :at is to become ( me6 ,i %\ld feel t my life 0 no long] 9 dang] if ,i c\ld take any c>e ( myself4 ,prep>e y\r m9d = e evil4 ,x is ! "p ( a silly woman to lam5t a husb& :o is cont5t to die4 ,let o!rs hon\r my memory ) _! te>s2 d y hon\r x by y\r c\rage4 ,i recomm5d our *ildr5 to y2 = if ,i die1 y mu/ be a fa!r z well z a "m to !m4 ,arm y\rself ) reflection & manly =titude2 gu>d+ !m f ^? :o h r$uc$ me to ?is /ate1 & tea*+ !m to imitate _! fa!r 9 any ?+ r ?an 9 8 =tunes4#cd ,?is lett] pres5ts a lively picture ( ,gu>9i's disposition2--8 en]gy 9 /ruggl+ ) evils2 8 ambition to please 8 pr9ce1 & 8 fe>s le/ he %\ld n be fitly recomp5s$2 ! f]v\r ( imag9ation1 :i* magnifi$ ill =tune1 & :i*1 :ile x gave him /r5g? to meet x1 yet d\bl$ its p[] ov] him4 ,al?\gh he fail$ 9 ! object ( ! embassy1 yet1 aft] all ! dang]s to :i* he _h expos$ himself1 he felt t he _h sacrific$ 8 life to 8 pr9ce1 & yet t he %\ld g unrew>d$4 ,he 0 n deceiv$2 b he 0 incapable ( meet+ ! fulfilm5t ( 8 anticipations ) any pati5ce or =titude4 ,8 m9d 0 naturally turn$ to poetry2 b he pret5d$ to disda9 su* occupation4 ,on ! subject ( 8 ,pa/or ,fido1 he writes to a fri5d3--,?is is ! "w ( "o :o does n pr(ess ! poetic art1 b writes = 8 own amusem5t1 z a recreation f m s]i\s /udies2 & :o w\ld will+ly burn 8 works :5 !y d n appe> good to good judges4 ,! fame & fav\r :i* ,tasso 0 enjoy+ made him depreciate himself1 s9ce he c\ld n excel 8 rival4 ,tasso & he _h be5 fri5ds = _m ye>s2 !y qu>rell$ at ?is "t1 b ! discord did n result f any lit]>y conte/1 b f rival%ip 9 ! fav\r ( a lady4 ,!y bo? lov$ ! c\ntess ( ,sc&iano4 ,tasso wrote a sonnet1 accus+ ,gu>9i ( lightness & incon/ancy 9 8 passion1 z well z ( ! great] s9 ( boa/+ ( 8 triumphs ov] ! ladies ( 8 love4 ,gu>9i repli$1 ) bitt]ness1 9 ano!r sonnet1 accus+ 8 rival ( utt]+ falsehoods t mirror$ 8 own fai?lessness1 :i* enabl$ him to n\ri% love = two objects at ! same "t4#ce ,?is cont5tion broke (f _! fri5d%ip2 b ,gu>9i 0 no ung5]\s enemy2 he possess$ a loyal & noble _s1 & nev] did any ?+ to injure 8 un=tunate rival4 ,on ! contr>y1 "s ye>s aft]1 :5 ! ,g]usalemme ,lib]ata ( ,tasso 0 ab\t to be publi%$ 9 a v defective & errone\s /ate1 he took great pa9s to furni% a correct copy4 ,sid5ote3 #aehb4 tat4 #de4 ,aft] /ruggl+ ) 8 discont5ts at c\rt = "s "t1 he reque/$ 8 dismissal f ! duke2 & retir$ to 8 villa 9 ! ,poles9e ( ,rovigo1 nam$ ,la ,gu>9a1 hav+ be5 be/[$ ^u an ance/or by a =m] duke ( ,f]r>a4 ,he n[ congratulat$ himself on hav+ escap$ f ! tempe/s ( public life into port2 yet 8 disappo9tm5ts1 & ! duke's +ratitude1 rankl$ at 8 he>t1 & ov]fl[$ ^u pap]1 ev5 :5 ! subject imm$iately be=e him 0 n 9 accord ) ! p]vad+ feel+ ( 8 m9d4 ,he occupi$ himself at ,la ,gu>9a by writ+ ! ,pa/or ,fido2 & he makes "o ( ! *>act]s ( ! pa/oral compla9 ( wrongs simil> to 8 own4 ,c>9o1 n>rat+ 8 /ory1 says1-- ,h[ ,i =sook ,elis & ,pisa aft]1 & betook ,myself to ,argos & ,myc5e1 :]e ,an e>?ly ,god ,i wor%ipp$1 ) :at !re ,i suff]$ 9 t h>d captivity1 ,w\ld be too long = !e to he>1 = me ,too sad to utt]4 ,only ?us mu* "k2-- ,i lo/ my lab\r1 & 9 s& did s[3 ,i writ1 wept1 sung2 hot & cold fits ,i _h2 ,i rid1 ,i /ood1 ,i bore1 n[ sad1 n[ glad1 ,n[ high1 n[ l[1 n[ 9 e/eem1 n[ scorn'd2 ,& z ! ,delphic iron1 :i* is turn$ ,n[ to h]oic1 n[ to me*anic use1 ,i fe>'d no dang]--did no pa9s refuse2 ,0 all ?+s--& 0 no?+2 *ang$ my hair1 ,condition1 cu/om1 ?\ghts1 & life--b ne'er ,c\ld *ange my =tune4 ,!n ,i knew at la/1 ,& pant$ aft] my sweet fre$om pa/4 ,s1 fly+ smoky ,argos1 & ! great ,/orms t att5d on greatness1 my retreat ,i made to ,pisa--my ?\ght's quiet port4 99 99 99 99 99 ,:o w\ld h dream$ 'mid/ pl5ty to gr[ poor8 ,or to be less1 by toil+ to be m8 ,i ?\ght1 by h[ mu* m 9 pr9ce's c\rts ,m5 did excel 9 titles & supports1 ,s mu* ! m oblig+ !y w\ld be1 ,! be/ enamel ( nobility4 ,b n[ ! contr>y by pro(s ,i've se53 ,c\rti]s 9 "n1 & c\rte\s 9 _! mi5 ,!y are2 b 9 _! actions ,i c\ld spy ,n ! lea/ transi5t sp>k ( c\rtesy4 ,p1 9 %[ smoo? z ! calm$ waves1 ,yet cruel z ! ocean :5 x raves3 ,m5 9 appe>ance only did ,i f9d1 ,love 9 ! face1 b malice 9 ! m9d3 ,) a /raight look & tortu\s he>t1 & lea/ ,fidelity :]e greate/ 0 prote/4 ,t :i* else:]e is virtue1 is vice !re3 ,pla9 tru?1 fair deal+1 love unfeign'd1 s9c]e ,compassion1 fai? inviolable1 & ,an innoc5ce bo? ( ! he>t & h&1 ,!y c\nt ! folly ( a s\l t's vile ,& poor1--a vanity wor?y _! smile4 ,to *eat1 to lie1 deceit & !ft to use1 ,& "u %[ ( pity to abuse2 ,to rise ^u ! ru9s ( _! bro!rs1 ,& seek _! own by robb+ praise f o!rs1 ,! virtues are ( t p]fidi\s race4 ,no wor?1 no val\r1 no respect ( place1 ,( age1 or law--bridle ( mode/y1 ,no tie ( love1 or blood1 nor memory ,( good receiv$2 no?+'s s v5]able1 ,sacr$1 or j1 t is inviolable ,by t va/ ?ir/ ( ri*es1 & desire ,unqu5*able ( /ill asc5d+ high]4 ,n[ ,i1 n fe>+1 s9ce ,i meant n ill1 ,& 9 c\rt-craft n hav+ any skill1 ,we>+ my ?\ghts *>act]$ on my br[1 ,& a glass w9d[ 9 my he>t--judge ?\ ,h[ op5 & h[ fair a m>k my he>t ,lay to _! envy's unsuspect$ d>t4 ,,fan%awe's ,trans4 ( ,pa/or ,fido4#cf ,! ,pa/or ,fido is ! pr9cipal monum5t ( ,gu>9i's poetic g5ius4 ,despite 8 pret5d$ c>elessness1 he 0 animat$ by ! _s ( poetry1 & emulation spurr$ him on to surpass ! ,am9ta ( ,tasso2 & he took pa9s ev5 to compose :ole passages 9 opposition1 & manife/ rival%ip1 ( t drama4 ,a pa/oral pres5ts 9 its v nature a ?\s& difficulties4 ,x has = its subject ! passions 9 _! primitive simplicity1 & ! mann]s are depriv$ ( all factiti\s ref9em5t2 & yet ! mo/ imag9ative ?\ghts & ! s(te/ & noble/ s5tim5ts are to fl[ f ! lips ( ! untaught %eph]ds & %eph]desses4 ,?us its f\ndation be+ purely ideal1 our *ief pleasure mu/ be d]iv$ f ! poetry 9 :i* x is clo!d4 ,gu>9i endeav\r$ to ov]come ! want ( int]e/ inh]5t 9 ?is species ( composition1 by a plot m complex ?an t usually adopt$4 ,a portion ( ?is is suffici5tly clumsy1 & ! bad "* ( ! piece1 ! coquette ,corisca1 is manag$ ) v little art or probability4 ,!re is mu* _s & beauty1 h[ev]1 9 ! f9al developem5t1--9 ! discov]y t ! prie/ makes t he is ab\t to sacrifice 8 own son1 & ! joy occasion$ by ! conviction sudd5ly fla%+ on 8 m9d1 t ! oracle1 on :i* ! :ole dep5ds1 is happily fulfill$4 ,/ill ! *ief *>m ( ! ,pa/or ,fido is d]iv$ f its poetry2 ! simplicity & cle>ness ( its diction1 ! sweetness & t5d]ness ( ! s5tim5ts1 & ! vivacity & passion t animate ! :ole4 ,no d\bt he 0 satisfi$ ) ! result ( 8 lab\rs1 & f\nd pride 9 communicat+ x4 ,:ile affect+ to despise 8 poetic productions1 _! g5u9e m]it1 & 8 own vanity1 :i* 0 great1 caus$ him to collect ) pleasure ! applauses :i* 8 ,pa/or ,fido naturally acquir$ = him4 ,he read x at ! c\rt ( ! duke ,f]rante di ,gonzaga1 to a society compos$ ( c\rti]s1 ladies1 & em95t m54 ,sid5ote3 #aehe4 tat4 #dh4 ,x 0 act$ at ,tur9 on occasion ( ! fe/ivals to celebrate ! nuptials ( ,*>les ,emanuel1 pr9ce ( ,savoy1 ) ,ca!r9e1 daught] ( ,philip ,,ii41 k+ ( ,spa94 ,! drama excit$ ! greate/ admiration2 & ,gu>9i 0 look$ on h5ce=? ) ju/ice1 z second only to ,tasso among ! poets ( ! age4 ,b he 0 n =tunate en\gh to be all[$ to d$icate 8 :ole "t & ?\ghts to poetry2 & he might br+ =w>d 8 own exp]i5ce 9 pro( ( 8 ass]tion1 t private life is n m exempt ?an public1 f c>es & ! influ5ce ( evil passions4 ,he 0 p]petually plung$ 9 lawsuits1 8 fir/ be+ aga9/ 8 fa!r1 :o _h m>ri$ a second "t1 x 0 said out ( spite1 & disput$ 8 j inh]itance4 ,he _h a family ( eight *ildr5 to provide =2 & unrew>d$ by 8 pr9ce1 he f\nd himself1 aft] /ruggl+ = f\rte5 ye>s to advance himself at c\rt1 ov]:elm$ by debt & emb>rassm5t4 ,8 "t & att5tion 7 tak5 up by ex]tions to extricate himself1 & to settle 8 affairs2 :ile 8 w>m1 impati5t disposition ill endur$ ! delays & disappo9tm5ts1 & ! contact ) selfi% or di%one/ m51 :i* are ! necess>y concomitants ( pecuni>y difficulties4 ,sid5ote3 #aehf4 tat4 #di4 ,p]haps ^! annoyances r5d]$ him less unwill+ to accept ! invitation1 or r to obey ! comm&s1 ( ! duke ( ,f]r>a1 & to return to 8 po/ at 8 c\rt4 ,alfonso1 p]ceiv+ ! e/eem 9 :i* he 0 held by o!r pr9ces1 ) 8 usual selfi%ness resolv$ to appropriate ! s]vices ( a man1 :i* o!rs also 7 desir\s ( obta9+3 he made him secret>y ( /ate1 & s5t him on missions to ,umbria & ,milan4 ,8 /ay1 h[ev]1 0 %ort3 v soon aft] 8 *ildr5 _h advanc$ to manhood1 ^? diss5sions occurr$ betwe5 !m & him1 :i* =m a pa9ful portion ( ,gu>9i's life4 ,x is difficult to say :o 0 mo/ to blame4 ,! poet's temp] 0 impetu\s1 & he p]haps %[$ himself tyrannical 9 8 dome/ic circle1 at ! same "t t 8 nature 0 )\t d\bt1 on mo/ occasions1 g5]\s & artless4 ,8 son _h m>ri$ a lady nam$ ,virg9ia ,palmiroli1 & cont9u$1 z is s usual 9 ,italy1 to reside ) 8 wife "u ! pat]nal ro(4 ,b ?is arrangem5t became1 x is conjectur$1 f ! pride & imp]i\sness ( ! fa!r1 q intol]able2 & ! "y pair left ! h\se1 & in/itut$ a suit at law to obta9 su* a provision z w\ld enable !m to live 9 indep5d5ce4 ,! suit 0 decid$ aga9/ ,gu>9i2 & 8 indignation1 & ass]tion t 8 defeat 0 occasion$ by ! p>tiality ( ! duke t[>ds 8 son1 seem to ev9ce t he _h m ju/ice on 8 side ?an we are enabl$ to discov]4 ,h[ev] ?is may be1 he 0 s angry at :at he consid]$ ! inju/ice ( ! s5t5ce pron\nc$ aga9/ him1 t he aga9 reque/$ p]mission to retire f ,alfonso's c\rt4 ,! duke grant$ 8 reque/1 b n )\t su* tok5s ( displeasure1 z induc$ ,gu>9i to leave ,f]r>a privately & 9 ha/e4 ,he betook himself to ! c\rt ( ,savoy1 :]e ! pr9ce will+ly took him into 8 s]vice2 b ! poet f\nd t ! *ange ( ma/]s b5efit$ him little1 & he 0 s con/antly employ$1 t he _h n ev5 "t to write a lett]4 ,alfonso also set on foot "s intrigues aga9/ him1 dislik+ t any dep5dant ( 8 %\ld f9d protection else:]e4 ,sid5ote3 #aeij4 tat4 #ec4 ,8 tranquillity be+ ?us di/urb$1 he ha/ily quitt$ ,savoy & took up 8 abode at ,padua4 ,he "h lo/ 8 wife1 :om he affectionately names 9 8 lett]s z ! bett] "p ( himself2 &1 by ! sep>ation ( 8 elde/ son1 & ! abs5ce ( 8 daught]s1 :o 7 ei!r m>ri$ or _h places 9 ! palaces ( v>i\s pr9cesses ( ,italy1 8 family circle 0 r$uc$ to "o son ( t5 ye>s ( age1 :om he calls ! hope ( 8 h\se1 & ! consolation 9 8 solitude4 ,?is *ange gave bir? to new projects 9 8 re/less m9d4 ,?is sudd5 alt]ation & trans=mation ( my life1 he writes to ! c>d9al ,gonzaga1 9 a lett] dat$ f ,padua1 ! #bj? ( ,novemb]1 #aeia1 appe>s to me to be br\ght ab\t by ! w ( ,god1 :o ?us calls me to a new vocation4 ,i am n s old nor s weak z to be unfit to make use ( ^? tal5ts :i* ,god has be/[$ on me2 & x appe>s to me t ,i act ill 9 sp5d+ )\t pr(it ^? ye>s1 :i* by ! c\rse ( nature ,i c\ld turn to ! advantage ( my family1 & ( my "y son1 ^: incl9ation = ! prie/hood ,i am desir\s ( assi/+2 & ,i w\ld will+ly sp5d ! remnant ( my days at ,rome1 if ,i c\ld obta9 su* pref]m5t1 z w\ld enable me to proce$ hon\rably 9 ! advancem5t ( my mod]ate expectations4 ,?is idea1 h[ev]1 0 b ! (fspr+ ( disappo9t$ hopes1 & x vani%$ :5 o!r prospects 7 op5$ to him2 yet ^! 7 v>iable & unc]ta94 ,8 life1 bo? f ! +ratitude ( ,alfonso & 8 own re/lessness1 0 de/9$ to be pass$ /ormily2 discont5t & di/ru/ _h tak5 root 9 8 m9d1 & exi/5ce wore a gloomy aspect4 ,at l5g? ,alfonso di$1 & ?is circum/ance1 & ! dea? ( a daught]1 assass9at$ by a jeal\s husb&1 caus$ him to quit ,f]r>a1 & to e/abli% himself at ,flor5ce1 :]e he 0 hon\rably receiv$ by ! gr& duke ,f]d9&4 ,"h d\btless he might h rema9$ 9 peace1 b = ! irascibility ( 8 temp]1 ! indignation he felt :5 8 views 7 ?w>t$1 & 8 t5d5cy to consid] himself an ill-us$ man4 ,8 y\ng] son1 :om he m5tions 9 ! lett] quot$ above ) s mu* int]e/1 0 plac$ at ,pisa = ! sake ( 8 education1 :]e he contract$ an imprud5t m>riage ) a "y1 beautiful1 & d[]less wid[4 ,gu>9i 0 transport$ by rage3 he accus$ ! duke ( abett+ 8 son 9 ?is act ( disob$i5ce1 & indulg$ 9 implacable ang] aga9/ ! y\? himself1 to :om he refus$ any assi/ance1 :5 r$uc$ to ! mo/ necessit\s circum/ances4 ,gu>9i exalt$ ! pat]nal au?ority1 & exact$ filial ob$i5ce1 9 a mann] t display$ m pride ?an affection4 ,n[ 9 8 old age1 he 0 at v>iance ) ne>ly all 8 *ildr52 8 viol5t expressions is a pro( t he suff]$2 b 8 he>t did n rel5t nor op5 t[>ds !m1 ev5 :5 dea? snat*$ !m f him2 & x is impossible to sympa?ise 9 passions1 :i* ?us c5tr$ & end$ 9 himself4 ,on leav+ ,flor5ce1 he visit$ ,urb9o2 b1 dissatisfi$ ) 8 reception1 he retir$ to ,f]r>a4 ,! citiz5s deput$ him to ,rome to congratulate ,paul ,usur on 8 be+ creat$ pope4 ,x 0 on ?is occasion t c>d9al ,bell>m9o reproa*$ him = hav+ done m h>m to ! ,*ri/ian _w by 8 ,pa/or ,fido1 ?an ,lu!r & ,calv9 by _! h]esies--a s+ul> d5unciation--s9ce1 ?\gh ! s(tness & t5d]ness ( love1 :i* p]vades ! poem1 may t5d to en]vate2 yet ! fidelity1 ! devotion1 & purity ( s5tim5t1 exhibit$ 9 ! actions ( ! *ief p]sonages1 c]ta9ly d n lay x op5 to excessive c5sure4 ,gu>9i retort$ by a witty reply1 :i* ! respect paid to ! c>d9al by ! hi/orians1 has n p]mitt$ to be transmitt$ to u4 ,sid5ote3 #afjh4 tat4 #ga4 ,?is 0 ! la/ public s]vice ( ,gu>9i4 ,a few ye>s aft] he 0 invit$ to be pres5t at ! nuptials ( ,francesco ,gonzaga & ,m>gu]ite ( ,savoy1 dur+ :i* a com$y ( 8 0 repres5t$ ) great spl5d\r4 ,*iabr]a wrote ! int]ludes1 & ! ar*itect ,viam9i arrang$ ! sc5]y & decorations4 ,! la/ ye>s ( 8 life 7 tak5 up by ! lawsuits1 :i* s /rangely *equ]$ 8 c>e]4 ,he hir$ a lodg+ at ,v5ice1 :]e _m ( 8 causes 7 decid$1 z ne> z possible to ! c\rts1 & frequ5tly visit$ t city to att5d ! proce$+s2 & he made a la/ j\rney to ,rome at ! "t t two suits 7 decid$ 9 8 fav\r4 ,on 8 return to ,v5ice he 0 seiz$ by a fev]1 ( :i* he di$1 aft] an illness ( sev5te5 days1 on ! #g? ( ,octob]1 #afab1 at ! age ( sev5ty-five4 ,footnote #cd3 ,!re is ano!r lett] ( ,gu>9i1 dat$ f ,cracovy1 dur+ 8 fir/ visit to ,pol&1 writt5 ) less p]sonal feel+1 & great] tol]ation3--,i h view$ ! climate & mann]s ( ?is c\ntry1 he writes1 ) inf9ite pleasure2 mitigat+ ! annoyances result+ f unusual ?+s1 by ! enjoym5t ( unusual sights4 ,! c\ntry & its inhabitants are c]ta9ly mu* less b>b>\s ?an is g5]ally suppos$2 & 9 my op9ion !re w\ld be no fault to be f\nd1 if ! =m] 0 gift$ ) w9e1 & if ! latt] ab/a9$ f x4 ,b ,i am afraid t my words w sc>cely f9d cr$it ) y1 prejudic$ z y are by ! acc\nts giv5 by ! ,fr5* :o h be5 "h4 ,yet ,i am sure y w\ld agree ) me1 if y ev] visit$ ! c\ntry4 ,! k+dom is ext5sive1 ri*1 p[]ful1 unit$1 abundant1 & peopl$ by a brave population4 ,! s5ators display great tal5t dur+ peace--! cavali]s val\r 9 w>3 _! aim is glory--_! support lib]ty4 ,! =m ( ! gov]nm5t is mix$1 l t ( ,sp>ta1 b bett] ?an t4 ,= ! k+dom is nei!r oppress$ by ! tyranny ( "o1 nor ! insol5ce ( a few1 nor ! bas5ess ( ! _m2 b hav+ m+l$ ! be/ p>ts ( all ?ree modes ( gov]nm5t1 "o has result$1 9 :i* ! k+ly p[] _c intr5* ^u lib]ty1 nor lic5ce endang] ! mon>*y4 ,! nobles _c oppress ! p1 nor ! p injure ! nobles4 ,val\r holds ! fir/ rank1 nobility ! second1 ri*es ! ?ird2 & e "o1 h[ev] l[ly born1 may n\ri% ! expectation ( ris+ by m]it to ! highe/ hon\rs4 ,h[ ,i wi% t y _h an opportunity ( visit+ x3 ,i am c]ta9 t y w\ld be highly pleas$4 ,a j\rney to ,france is m fatigu+2 & aft] arriv+ 9 ,pol&1 ,i1 to :om an excursion to ,rome us$ to appeal an ardu\s und]tak+1 beg9 to ?9k t travell+ is a natural /ate = e man4 ,footnote #ce3 ,abate ,s]assi1 ,vita di ,tasso4 ,footnote #cf3 ,come poi p] v$] ,argo e ,mic5e ,lasciassi ,elide e ,pisa1 e quivi fussi ,adorator di deit t]r5a1 ,con tutto quel *e 9 s]vit s(f]si1 ,troppo nojosa i/oria a te l' udirlo1 ,a me dol5te il raccont>lo =a4 ,si dir sol1 *e p]dei l' opra1 e il frutto4 ,scrissi1 piansi1 cantai1 arsi1 gelai1 ,corsi1 /etti1 so/5ni1 or tri/o1 or lieto1 ,or alto1 or basso2 or vilipeso1 or c>o4 ,e come il f]ro ,delfico2 /rom5to ,or d'impresa sublime1 or d' opra vile1 ,non temei risco e non s*ivai fatica3 ,tutto fei1 nulla fui3 p] cangi> loco1 ,/ato1 vita1 p5si]1 co/umi e pelo1 ,mai non cangiai =tuna3 alf9 conobbi1 ,e sospirai la lib]t primi]a4 ,e dopo tanti /razi1 ,argo lasci&o ,e le gr&ezze di mis]ia pi5e1 ,tornai di ,pisa ai riposati alb]ghi4 99 99 99 99 99 ,ma *i cr$uto avria di v5ir m5o ,tra le gr&ezze1 e impov]ir nell' oro8 ,io mi p5sai *e ne' reali alb]ghi ,foss]o tanto pi le g5ti umane1 ,quant' esse han pi di tutto quel dovizia ,ond' ha l' umanit si nobil fregio4 ,ma vi trovai tutto il contr>io1 ,uranio1 ,g5te di nome e di p>l> cortese1 ,ma d'opre sc>sa e di piet nemica3 ,g5te placida 9 vi/a e mansueta1 ,ma pi del cupo m> tumida e f]a2 ,g5te sol d' app>5za1 9 cui se miri ,viso di c>it1 m5te d'invidia ,poi trovi1 e 9 dritto sgu>do animo bieco1 ,e m9 or f$e allor1 *e pi lus+a4 ,quel *' altrove virt1 quivi difetto4 ,dir v]o1 opr> non torto1 am> non f9to1 ,piet s9c]a1 inviolabil f$e1 ,e di core e di man vita innoc5te2 ,/iman d' animo vii1 di basso +egno ,scioc*ezza e vanit degna di riso4 ,l'+ann>e1 il m5tir1 la frode1 il furto ,e la rap9a1 di piet ve/ita1 ,cesc] col danno e precipizio altrui1 ,e f> a s1 dell' altrui biasmo onore1 ,son le virt di quella g5te infida3 ,non m]to altrui1 non valor1 non riv]5za1 ,n d' et1 n di grado1 n di legge1 ,non fr5o di v]gogna1 non rispetto ,n d' amor n di sangue1 non memoria ,di ricevuto b51 n f9alm5te1 ,cosa si v5]abile1 o si santa ,o si giu/a ess] pu1 *e a quella va/a ,cupidigia d' onori1 a quella +orda ,fame d' av]e1 inviolabil sia4 ,or io1 *e incauto e di lor arti ign>o ,sempre mi vissi1 e portai scritto 9 fronte ,il mio p5si]o1 e disvelato il core1 ,tu puoi p5s> se a non sospetti /rali ,d'invida g5te fui scop]to segno4 ,pa/or ,fido1 atto ,v4 sc5a #a4 ,,torquato ,,tasso #aedd-aeie4 ,tu *e ne vai 9 ,p9do1 ,ivi p5de mia cetra ad un cipresso1 ,salutala 9 inio nome1 e dille poi ,*' io son dagl' anni e da =tuna oppresso4 ,?\1 :o to ,p9dus tak'/ ?y way1 ,:]e hangs my h>p ^u ! cypress tree1 ,salute x 9 my "n1 & say1 ,i am b['d d[n ) ye>s & mis]y4 ,^! few l9es1 :i*1 9 ! simple & beautiful orig9al1 %[ :at a bur!n ( ?\ght & p[] ( feel+ may be compress$ )9 ! smalle/ compass t language w all[1 7 writt5 by ,torquato ,tasso1 dur+ 8 second conf9em5t z a lunatic 9 ! hospital ( ,/4 ,anne1 at ,f]r>a1 by ! duke ( ,alfonso1 8 patron & 8 oppressor4 ,!y 7 writt5 :5 all ,europe 0 li/5+ to ! voice ( 8 song1 b he>d n t ( 8 compla9t2 9 ! m]idian ( 8 glory z a poet1 & 9 ! dep? ( 8 humiliation z a man4 ,a spectacle m deplorable & repulsive c\ld h>dly be pres5t$ to ! eye ( humanity2 nor a fame m enviable & attractive be contemplat$ by "y spirits ( f9] m\ld1 to tempt !m to haz>d all p]ils ( su* suff]+ = ! acquisition ( su* r5[n4 ,?is fragm5t--a specim5 ( ?\s&s ( fancies1 no d\bt1 equally exquisite & affect+1 :i* 7 cont9ually pass+ ?r\gh ! d>k5$ *amb] ( 8 m9d1 m dre>y ?an ! gloom ( 8 prison-h\se--has be5 quot$ at ! comm5cem5t ( ?is memoir1 z lett+ ! read] at once into ! :ole my/]y ( ! poet's life1 by a s+le fla% ( 8 g5ius af=d+ a glance at 8 afflictions4 ,:at ^! 71 a long & melan*oly tale mu/ unfold2 :at _! effect 0 may be pa9fully conceiv$1 :5 we recollect t he 0 sc>cely turn$ ^u =ty1 at ! "t t he s5ds ! message to 8 =lorn h>p 9 ! woods ( ,p9dus1 t he is oppress$ ) ye>s & ill =tune1--dagl' anni e da =tuna oppresso4 ,if ev] man 0 born a poet1 x might be said s ( ,tasso2 :ile 8 :ole mann] ( life1 n less ?an its rem>kable vicissitudes1 exemplifi$ ! poetic "*1 z x has be5 idealis$ 9 our m9ds f infancy1 by ! impressions left ^u !m1 bo? f fabl+ traditions & au!ntic records1 conc]n+ ^! privileg$1 b on ! :ole 7p]haps7 unhappy1 be+s4 ,! price ( greatness mu/ be paid1 9 lab\r or suff]+1 by e man :o w\ld di/+ui% himself 9 any way above 8 fell[-creatures2 & ! poet 7no m1 x may be1 ?\gh app>5tly mu* m1 ?an ! pr9ce1 ! w>rior1 ! /atesman1 or ! philosoph]17 mu/ endure h>d%ips1 m5tal & p]sonal1 9 proportion to 8 enjoym5ts1 & be humbl$ 9 ! same degree t he is exalt$ above ! common lot4 ,among any t5 names1 :i* might be m5tion$ z hav+ secur$ an imp]i%able pre-em95ce beyond ! probability ( revolution1 9 ! same walk ( polite lit]ature1 ,tasso's und\bt$ly w\ld be "o4 ,at :at an exp5se x 0 acquir$1 we proce$ to %[ 9 a tra9 ( ev5ts1 almo/ z romantic1 & a ?\s& times m t\*+1 ?an any ?+ 9 8 own div]sifi$ fictions4 ,he 0 a poet 9 e ?+ & at all times1 f infancy 7if we may believe 8 biograph]s7 till he di$ 9 extreme old age 7if we measure 8 life by 8 own te/imony above quot$71 9 8 fifty-second ye>6 ,smiles & te>s1 rapture & agony1 hope & despond5cy1 a palace & a dungeon1 7 ! alt]nations frequ5tly cross+ 9 ! c\rse ( "o :o 0 ! companion ( pr9ces1 ! delight ( ladies1 ! admiration ( ! _w1--an outca/1 a w&]]1 clo!d 9 rags & ask+ bread1 or ! lonely t5ant ( a maniac's cell4 ,su* 0 he1 & su* 7 ! *anges ( 8 /ate4 ,torquato 0 ! son ( ,b]n>do ,tasso1 himself a poet ( fir/ rank 9 8 g5]ation1 & :o has left works1 bo? 9 prose & v]se1 to :i* po/]ity is yet will+ to give hon\r2 b :i* suff] m eclipse by proximity to ! surpass+ spl5d\r ( 8 son's1 ?an might h be5 _! lot _h he appe>$ by himself1 ! s+le "o ( 8 race1 :o _h prov$ h[ h>d1 & yet h[ possible1 x is to climb ,! /eep :]e ,fame's pr\d temple %9es af>4 ,b]n>do 0 ! desc5dant ( an hon\rable l9e ( ance/ors1--"o ( :om1 ne>ly two c5turies be=e him1 _h be5 a b5efactor to ! public1 by fir/ introduc+ ! me?od ( epi/ol>y int]c\rse ?r\gh ! m$ium ( po/s2 &1 leav+ to 8 *ildr5 ! reputation :i* he _h acquir$ 9 ! conduct ( ^!1 !y became 8 successors1 n only 9 e/abli%m5ts = t purpose 9 _! own c\ntry1 b "s ( !m 9 l&s beyond ! ,alps4 ,x is said t noble alliances 7 =m$ by v>i\s bran*es ( ! ,tasso family1 9 ,spa9 & 9 ,fl&]s1 :ile o!rs became sov]eign pr9ces 9 ,g]many1 t m5ag]ie = pot5tates ( all g5]a & species1 f ! two-head$ eagle ( ,au/ria to ! wr5 ( 99 99 99 994 ,x w\ld be invidi\s to set d[n "o out ( a hundr$ :o might cont5d = ! hon\r ( fill+ up ! blank1 z ! lea/ ( ! little among ! great4 ,b1 :atev] 7 ! h]$it>y glories ( a "n1--drawn l a gold5 *a9 out ( ! d>kness ( ! pa/1 & connect$1 z t ( ! obscure/ peasant 9 a civilis$ c\ntry may be presum$ to h be51 ) all ! v>ieties ( rank1 all ! gradations ( intellect1 & all ! *anges ( good & evil =tune1--( all ! l9ks :i* =m$ t *a91 ^? ( ,b]n>do & ,torquato 7 & h rema9$ ! mo/ illu/ri\s1 ?\gh ! consecutive or collat]al s]ies has be5 cont9u$ to ! pres5t day1 :5 ! repres5tatives are /ill f\nd at ,b]gamo4 ,b]n>do1 :o 0 born 9 #adic1 be+ left an orphan 9 e>ly y\?1 ) two dep5d5t si/]s to provide = out ( a v sl5d] patrimony1 0 compell$ to qu>t] himself on ! patronage ( sundry pr9ces & prelates1 :o1 accord+ to ! fa%ion ( ! times--"s f p>ade1 & o!rs f atta*m5t to ! noble arts1--lov$ to h m5 ( g5ius & lett]s 9 _! tra94 ,_m ( ^!1 inde$1 7 kept1 n only to adorn _! c\rts & swell _! pomp1 b 7 employ$ z secret>ies & c\nsellors1 z well z occasionally entru/$ ) important embassies1 :i*1 bo? 9 w> & peace1 7 frequ5t betwe5 ! commonweal?s & pr9cipalities into :i* ,italy 0 divid$1 & by ^: conflict+ int]e/s1 or "u ! malignant influ5ce ( ^: petty intrigues 7! rank gr[? ( su* a /ate ( society71 x 0 cont9ually m or less di/ract$4 ,b]n>do 01 !re=e1 f ! pressure ( circum/ances1 a re/less & homeless man ?r\gh ! pr9cipal "p ( 8 life1 s]v+ ! great )\t s]v+ himself1 = prec>i\s bread2 & at once pursu+ =tune & fame1 9 ! va9 hope ( be+ at l5g?--& at l5g?--& at l5g? rew>d$ = 8 fidelity to 8 ma/]s ) ! =m]1 & leav+ an inh]itance ( ! latt]1 :i* %\ld z mu* exalt 8 family by di/9ction 9 lit]ature1 z o!rs _h aggr&is$ x by ! acquirem5t ( ri*es & alliances ) rank1 at home & abroad4 ,at ! age ( =ty-"o1 aft] a y\? ( lib]al /udy1 sangu9e anticipation1 & *]i%$ b ill-direct$ love = a lady ( great beauty & no less celebrity1 hav+ be5 prais$ by ,ario/o--9 ! unsuccessful pursuit ( :i* he comp5sat$ himself & delight$ 8 c\ntrym5 ) ! bl&i%m5ts ( poetry1--he 0 at l5g? appo9t$ secret>y to ,f]rante ,sansev]9o1 pr9ce ( ,sal]no4 ,him ,b]n>do accompani$ ?r\gh _m /range vicissitudes ( prosp]ity & mis=tune1 9 ! c\rt & 9 ! battle-field2 till1 at ! end ( a few ye>s1 he %>$ s griev\sly1 yet s magnanim\sly1 9 ! ru9 ( 8 patron1 t1 ! latt] be+ involv$ 9 a conspiracy aga9/ ! vice-regal gov]nm5t ( ,naples1 & compell$ to flee into ,france1 ! poet foll[$ him ?i!r at ! sacrifice ( 8 small e/ate1 & an income :i* _h j rais$ him above want4 ,be=e ?is ebb+ 9 ! tide ( 8 affairs1 :i*1 tak5 at ! flood 7_h t n be5 arre/$ 9 its advance71 he might reasonably h expect$ w\ld h l$ on to =tune1 he _h m>ri$ a lady ( ,naples1 nam$ ,portia ,rossi1 an heiress 9 expectance1 & ( great p]sonal & m5tal accompli%m5ts4 ,?is 0 ! gold5 age ( ,b]n>do's life4 ,aft] ! revelry ( fancy & romance :i* _h c>ri$ him away dur+ 8 =m] passion1 :]e9 8 he>t _h little %>e1 ! love ( affection ende>$ him to 8 home1 & he felt ! transition l "o :o exclaims1 ,h[ sweet is daylight & fre% air6 aft] ! midnight spl5d\r ( ! ball-room1 ) ! dream-l fasc9ations ( music1 danc+1 & spectacle1 :i* vani% z effectually z fairy palaces conjur$ up 9 ! wild]ness1 & leave ! he>t desolate4 ,:ile ,b]n>do 0 at ,naples1 he comm5c$ a poem ( ! romantic class on ! adv5tures ( ,amadis de ,gaul1 or ,amadigi1 z ! "w is entitl$4 ,?is he project$ ^u ! regul> plan ( a fable1 hav+ a beg9n+1 middle1 & end2 b he 0 n ( suffici5t au?ority to e/abli%1 by 8 example1 a classical =m ( epic1 ?\gh 8 m successful & m gift$ son seems to h borr[$ ! idea ( do+ t f him4 ,:5 he read ! fir/ cantos ( ?is p]=mance1 z orig9ally con/ruct$1 he obs]v$1 t ?\gh ! pres5ce *amb] ( ! c\rt ( ,sal]no 0 well fill$ at fir/ ) eag] & expect+ auditors1 be=e he _h done ne>ly all ( !m _h disappe>$4 ,f ?is he conclud$ 7n suspect+ any defici5cy ( p[] 9 himself71 t ! unity ( action prescrib$ by ! sev]] critics 01 9 its v nature1 n agreeable to nature 9 art1 kn[+ t he _h punctili\sly obs]v$ all ! rules ( ! latt]4 ,?is failure1 en=c$ by ! p]suasions ( 8 fri5ds1 & ! comm&s ( ! pr9ce1 induc$ him to remodel :at he _h writt51 & elaborate ! rema9d] aft] ! prec$5ts ( ,pulci1 ,boj>do1 & ,ario/o4 ,! "w 0 ext5d$ to a hundr$ cantos1 &1 :5 publi%$1 0 s well receiv$1 t ! au?or _h cause to congratulate himself on hav+ met ! public ta/e & gratifi$ x2 b x 0 ! public ta/e ( ! day only1 = 8 poem pass$ away ) ! fa%ion ( x1 & is n[ rememb]$ among ?+s t 71 :ile ! ?ree productions ( 8 a=e-nam$ pr$ecessors /ill keep _! graduat$ rank ( asc5t1 & f9d read]s 9 e age1 not)/&+ all ! defects & excesses t may be *>g$ ^u !m4 ,b]n>do's fail$2 less1 p]haps1 because ( its inf]iority1 ?an because x did n display ! proportionate sup]iority :i* ! o!rs _h ea* 9 turn manife/$ ov] all its respective =]unn]s4 ,x 0 :ile ,b]n>do resid$ at ,sorr5to1 a city 9 ! vic9ity ( ,naples1 :]e he occupi$ a palace ov]look+ ! sea1 happy 9 8 home1 & prosp]\s1 or r promis+ himself prosp]ity 9 8 =tune1 ! pr9ce ( ,sal]no hav+ releas$ him f all burd5some duties 9 8 s]vice1 t 8 son ,torquato1 ! second ( t "n 7! fir/ hav+ di$ "y71 0 born1 on ! #aa? ( ,m>*1 #aedd4 ,sorr5to is "h put d[n z ! bir?-place ( ! poet1 among o!r cities cont5d+ = t hon\r1 l ^? sev5 ----t /rove = ,hom] dead1 ,?r\gh :i* ! liv+ ,hom] begg'd 8 bread4 ,a?4 ,i4 #chd4 ,= ( ,tasso1 9 ! sequel1 a s>casm z bitt] might be record$4 ,a daught]1 eld] ?an ei!r ( ! boys1 0 at ?is "t gr[+ up "u ! eyes ( _! p>5ts4 ,a lett] ( ! fa!r's 7previ\s to our ,torquato's bir?7 to 8 si/] ,afra1 :o _h retir$ into a conv5t1 gives a lively glimpse ( ,b]n>do's affectionate & dome/ic "*4#cg ,my "y daught] is v beautiful1 & af=ds me great hopes t %e w lead a virtu\s & hon\rable life4 ,my infant son--,torquato ! fir/--is be=e ,god our ,creator1 & prays = y\r salvation4 ,my ,portia is sev5 mon?s gone ) *ild2 :e!r a son or a daught]1 x %all be supremely de> to me2 only may ,god1 :o gives x me1 grant t x may be born ) 8 fe>2 pray toge!r ) ! holy nuns t ! ,almighty may pres]ve ! "m1 :o 9 ?is _w is my highe/ joy4 ,x is ludicr\s1 yet affect+1 to obs]ve :at little circum/ances are eag]ly laid hold ^u aft] dea?1 respect+ ! p]sonal hi/ory ( m5 :o1 dur+ _! lives1 7 neglect$ 9 _! h>de/ trials1 or oppress$ 9 _! helplessness by ^? :o 7 b\nd to protect & fo/] !m4 ,! v h\r ( ,tasso's bir?1 z well z ! place1 has be5 conte/$ aga9/ 8 own au?ority3 he says t x 0 f\r o'clock 9 ! morn+2 ,s]assi1 t x 0 mid-day4 ,he ought to h be5 born at ,naples1 says ,manso1 ?\gh he happ5$ fir/ to appe> at ,sorr5to4 ,x may be settl$ t he 0 a native ( ,italy r ?an ( any place :]e he may fir/ h se5 ! light1 9 a c\ntry ?r\gh\t :i* he 0 a /rang] & a pilgrim all 8 days4 ,inde$1 he ought to h be5 born on ! sea2 s little claim1 on ! gr\nd ( pat]nal k9dness %[n to him1 _h any city 9 ! p59sula to ! glory ( 8 bir?4 ,sc>cely _h he be5 welcom$ into ! _w "u auspices s *e]+ z ^? rec5tly m5tion$1 ?an ! =tunes ( 8 family took an adv]se turn4 ,b]n>do 0 summon$ away f ! delightful retirem5t ( ,sorr5to1 to jo9 8 patron 9 ! w> :i* _h j brok5 out betwe5 ! emp]or ,*>les ,v4 & ,francis ,i41 & 9 :i* ! pr9ce brilliantly di/+ui%$ himself4 ,mean:ile1 if we are to believe 8 nurs]y traditions1 ! little ,torquato 0 giv+1 ev5 f 8 cradle1 pro(s ( ! _s t 0 9 him1 sc>cely less extraord9>y ?an if1 l ,h]cules1 he _h /rangl$ s]p5ts1 or l ano!r poet ( old1 attract$ bees to 8 lips1 :e!r to ga!r or to deposit sweetness !re we ne$ n /ay to enquire4 ,manso1 8 late/ & mo/ munific5t patron1 8 fir/ & mo/ encomia/ic biograph]1 7^: memoir1 l ,boccaccio's ( ,dante1 reads m l romance ?an reality 9 _m passages1 & no :]e m ?an 9 ?is in/ance17 says1 t ! *ild1 ev5 dur+ 8 fir/ ye>1 gave evid5ce ( ! div9ity ( 8 g5ius4 ,= sc>cely _h he atta9$ 8 six? mon?1 :51 contr>y to ! usage ( *ildr51 he began n only to let loose 8 tongue 7or to prattle a snod> la l+ua71 b ev5 to speak outright1 & t 9 su* a mann] t he 0 nev] kn[n to lisp 7or clip7 8 syllables1 z all o!r infants d1 b =m$ 8 words complete1 & gave !m p]fect utt]ance4 ,if ?is be true1 8 m>vell\s faculty ( spee*1 l ! produce ( a premature spr+1 mu/ h suff]$ an e>ly blight3 = he himself records t1 9 speak+1 he 0 little fav\r$ by nature1 hav+ an unconqu]able imp$im5t ( tongue2 :5ce he pref]r$ to communicate 8 ?\ghts r 9 writ+ ?an by ! audible voice1 :5 he meant to w9 att5tion or produce impression4 ,8 own te/imony is s f> at v>iance ) ! ass]tion ( 8 fri5d ,manso respect+ 8 e>ly flu5cy1 t he appeals = confirmation ( ! fact t he is a /amm]] 7probably to no v inconv5i5t degree7 to "s ( 8 correspond5ts4 ,b we are told1 on ! same au?ority1 t ! infant 0 equally precoci\s 9 ! faculties ( ! m9d2 t he c\ld reason1 expla9 8 ?\ghts1 & answ] que/ions ) surpris+ intellig5ce4 ,moreov]1 to cr[n ! climax1 x is said t he seldom cri$1 & nev] laugh$2 ! only exception1 x may be presum$1 ( a heal?y *ild s9ce ! _w began2 b t he 0 grave1 dignifi$1 & sage1 & ann\nc$ by 8 behavi\r t he 0 de/9$ = "s great design4 ,on ! return ( ,b]n>do f ! army1 he enjoy$ a brief prolongation ( 8 dome/ic quiet at ,sorr5to1 dur+ :i* all t a romantic fa!r & a passionately t5d] "m c\ld d to awak51 *]i%1 & confirm ! e>ly intimations ( transc5d5t intellect 9 _! d>l+ son1 0 employ$2 & su* discipl9e1 by its natural effect1 no d\bt1 col\r$ & *>act]is$ _! son's m9d1 9 ! sequel1 to ! end ( life4 ,9 "o ( ,b]n>do's lett]s to ,portia1 dur+ 8 late abs5ce1 he says1 t1 :ile he leaves to h] ! delicate task to adorn _! daught] ,cornelia ) e virtue & accompli%m5t :i* becomes a maid51 he int5ds himself to tra9 up _! "y ,torquato = 8 m ardu\s /ation 9 society1 :5 he %\ld be ( prop] age4 ,?is purpose 0 nev] realis$4 ,9 #aeeb1 ! pr9ce ( ,sal]no & 8 adh]5ts be+ decl>$ rebels1 ,b]n>do1 z "o ( ! mo/ atta*$ ( 8 fri5ds1 0 includ$ 9 ! proscription3 8 e/ate 0 confiscat$1 & an income ( #ijj scudi lo/2 leav+ him utt]ly de/itute ( res\rces1 ) ! exception ( a few valuable tr9kets1 & ! hope ( "s "t recov]+ 8 wife's d[ry--a hope :i* outliv$ himself1 & :i* he bequea!d z a p]petual plague ( expectation & disappo9tm5t to 8 son1 :o1 z w be se51 obta9$ a decree to h x1 aga9/ 8 "m's bro!rs1 ne>ly at 8 own la/ h\r4 ,b]n>do be+ ?us driv5 into exile1 8 wife rema9$ ) ! *ildr5 at ,naples1 9 v n>r[ circum/ances1 ?\gh among/ weal?y relatives1 :o seem always to h treat$ h] & h] (fspr+ ) unnatural h>d-he>t$ness4 ,torquato1 mean:ile1 "u h] sup]9t5d5ce1 0 mak+ progress 9 ! g5]al rudim5ts ( k2 b especially 9 ! acquisition ( languages1 9 rhetoric1 & 9 poetry1 proportion$ to ! promise ( 8 e>li] ye>s4 ,8 pr9cipal tutor 0 "o ,angeluzzo1 at a college ( ! ,jesuits1 rec5tly e/abli%$ 9 t city4 ,s eag] & int5t 0 he 9 que/ ( k 7su* z lay )9 8 rea*71 t 8 "m1 s f> f hav+ to urge or bribe him onw>d1 0 oblig$1 = 8 heal?'s sake1 to re/ra9 him4 ,e>ly & late he 0 at 8 books2 & on ! w9t]'s morn+s he 0 s5t f 8 home to ! s*ool ) a lant]n & s]vant to conduct him4 ,at sev5 ye>s ( age he 0 already a consid]able pr(ici5t 9 ! ,greek & ,lat9 tongues1 & _h begun to ex]cise himself 9 oral eloqu5ce & writt5 composition2 b no g5u9e specim5s ( ei!r ( ^! h be5 pres]v$4 ,! foll[+ beautiful & t\*+ l9es1 9 :i* he alludes to ! wor/ p]iod ( 8 life1--8 sep>ation f 8 "m1 :5 call$ away f ,naples to jo9 8 fa!r at ,rome1--h be5 absurdly attribut$ to him z actually p5n$ at ?is date4 ,hoole1 & ev5 ,hunt1 two ( 8 mod]n translators1 h fall5 into ?is error2 :]eas a mom5t's consid]ation w\ld conv9ce any man1 :o und]/ood ! diff]5ce betwe5 adult poetry & pu]ile attempts at rhym+1 t su* v]ses1 at su* an age1 7n9e ye>s67 w\ld h be5 suffici5tly rem>kable to ju/ify belief 9 ! fables ( 8 babyhood1 :5 he sat talk+ pretty unbrok5 ,italian on 8 "m's knee1 be=e he 0 twelve mon?s old4 ,! passage occurs 9 a figurative canzonet on ! riv] ,metauso1 b address$ to ! duke ( ,urb9o1 implor+ refuge & protection 9 8 adv]sity4 ,?\gh left unf9i%$1 ! fragm5t is ackn[l$g$ to be "o ( ! mo/ exquisitely wr\ght ( all ! au?or's lyrics3-- ,me dal s5 della madre empia ,=tuna ,p>goletto divelse3 ah6 di que' baci1 ,*' ella bagn di lagrime dol5ti1 ,con sospir mi rimembra1 e degli ard5ti ,preghi1 *e s5 port> l' aure fugaci1 ,*' io giung] non dovea pi volto volto ,fra quelle braccia accolto ,con nodi cos /retti1 e s t5aci4 ,lasso6 e seguii con mal sicure piante1 ,qual ,ascanio1 o ,cammilla1 il padre errante4 ,me1 f a t5d] "m's brea/1 ,/]n ,=tune1 :ile an infant1 tore2 ,ah6 ,i rememb] h[ %e press'd4 ,press'd me1 & kiss'd me1 o'er & o'er1 ,ba!d ) h] te>s1 ) doleful sighs1 ,brea!d = me _m a f]v5t pray]1 ,:i*1 ere x rea*'d ! skies1 ,0 scatt]'d by ! pass+ air4 ,= ,i 0 nev]more to meet ,t p>5t face to face1 ,clasp'd 9 h] cle> embrace1 ,) folds s /rait1 s b9d+ & s sweet4 ,alas6 't 0 m9e !nce=? to roam ,) ill-support+ feet1 ,&1 l ,ascanius o'er ! trackless floods1 ,or "y ,camilla1 ca/ on wilds & woods1 ,foll[ a w&]+ fa!r )\t home4 ,^! l9es--brea?+ =? su* grateful recollections ( mat]nal t5d]ness1 wat*+1 weep+1 pray+1 ov] a mo/ belov$ & affectionate *ild1 f :om %e 0 p>t+ = ev]1 & :o 0 de/9$ to be f> great] ?an ev5 %e1 9 h] fonde/ entrancem5t1 c\ld h hop$--rem9d u ( our own ,c[p]'s filial rem9isc5ces1 9 words t weep1 translat+ te>s t speak1 on receiv+1 at a m di/ant p]iod ( a suff]+ life1 8 "m's picture3 at sight ( :i*1 = a :ile1 he liv$ ov] aga91 ) a ?\s& times m int5se delight1 ! sc5es ( infancy1 r5ew$1 l a vision ( pre-exi/5ce 9 "s happi] /ate ?an t :i* _h int]v5$ s9ce he _h borne ! bur!n & heat ( a long day ( life consum$ 9 angui% ( _s1 = :i*1 on ?is side ( ! grave1 he f\nd no solace1 & beyond x1 no hope = 8 bewild]$ m9d2 d>k z ,egypt "u ! n9? plague 9 t qu>t]1 ?\gh1 9 e o!r1 light z ! l& ( ,go%54 ,betwe5 ,tasso & ,c[p] !re 7 _m traits ( sad z well z noble resemblance--k9dr$ g5ius1 a k9dr$ malady1 & k9dr$ mis=tunes2 b n k9dr$ alleviations3 ! advantage "h 0 on our c\ntryman's side2 b 8 disease lay deep] ?an t ( ! =m]1 & ! symptoms1 if n s viol5t aft] ! fir/ t]rible attack1 7 m invet]ate2 s t1 contemplat+ ! fate ( ! glori\s ,italian "u eclipse1 & pity+ him ) a sympa?y :i* no man liv+ b himself c\ld feel1 ,c[p] might h drawn ! same comp>ison betwe5 ,tasso's case & 8 own1 z he has done 9 ^? he>t-wr++ v]ses 7! la/ :i* he is record$ to h compos$7 "u ! title ( ,! ,ca/away4 ,^! 7 f\nd$ ^u a circum/ance m5tion$ 9 ,anson's ,voyage1 ( a sailor :o fell ov]bo>d 9 a /orm1 :5 ! %ip c\ld n be /ay$ to rescue him1 b :o foll[$ 9 its wake1 cry+ aft] x1 & be+ he>d by 8 companions1 :ile he ----liv$ an h\r ,9 ocean1 self-upheld2 ,& ev]1 z ! m9utes flew1 ,entreat$ help1 or cri$ 'adieu4' 99 99 99 99 ,at l5g? he drank ,! /ifl+ wave1 & !n he sank4 ,! melan*oly poet adds1 9 ref]5ce to himself1 t ,mis]y /ill delights to trace ,its semblance 9 ano!r's case4 99 99 99 99 ,no voice div9e ! /orm allay'd1 ,no light propiti\s %one1 ,:5 snat*'d f all effectual aid1 ,we p]i%'d1 ea* alone2 ,b ,i b5ea? a r\gh] sea1 ,& ':elm'd 9 deep] gulfs ?an he4 ,bo? ( ,tasso's p>5ts _h e>ly & deeply impress$ ^u 8 m9d & 8 affections v5]ation & love to ,god4 ,9 8 t5? ye> ! ,jesuit fa!rs1 foll[+ up ! religi\s in/ructions ( ?is *ild ( promise accord+ to _! views ( ! ,gospel1 admitt$ him to ! sacram5t2 on :i* occasion1 ?\gh he ackn[l$ges1 9 "o ( 8 epi/les1 t he c\ld n ent] into ! my/]y ( ! real pres5ce1 accord+ to ! ,roman int]pretation ( ! true & simple scripture doctr9e ( ! communion ( ! body & ! blood ( ,*ri/1 yet1 impress$ ) awe by ! pomp ( ! spectacle1 & elevat$ almo/ to transport by sympa?y ( devotion ) ! surr\nd+ multitude1 he receiv$ ! symbol1 accord+ to 8 own +5u\s acc\nt1 ) a c]ta9 indescribable & unwont$ satisfaction4 ,?is circum/ance des]ves p>ticul> m5tion1 because1 assur$ly1 by su* a c\rse ( dome/ic & s*ool discipl9e ! boy 0 tra9$ up 9 :at he und]/ood to be g5u9e piety1 & ( :i*1 ?r\gh aft] life1 he became a zeal\s pr(essor1 h[ev] lax on "s o!r subjects 8 writ+s1 & ev5 8 actions1 may h be54 ,9 ! latt] respect1 h[ev]1 he 0 c\nt5anc$ by ! lic5ti\s mann]s ( ! age1 & especially ( t class ( society1 ref9$ & exalt$ z x 01 9 :i* 8 lot 0 ca/1 b 9 :i* he 0 r ent]ta9$ z a gue/ ?an recognis$ z a memb] ( ! privileg$ ord]4 ,8 fa!r1 9 "o ( 8 lett]s to 8 "m1 says1 ,x is ( ! utmo/ importance to impress1 ) all y\r influ5ce & au?ority1 ^u ! infant9e m9d ! "n1 ! love1 & ! fe> ( ,god1 t ! *ild may le>n to love & hon\r ,him f :om he has receiv$1 n life only1 b all ! b5efits & m]cies ( provid5ce & grace1 :i* c r5d] man happy 9 ?is _w1 & bless$ 9 t :i* is to come4 ,9 ! same lett] he says1 ,i condemn ^? :o beat _! *ildr51 n less ?an if !y %\ld d>e to lay h&s on ! image ( ,god4 ,x 0 aft] ! expatriat$ p>ty to :om ,b]n>do belong$ _h plann$ an attack ^u ,naples1 by ! comb9$ fleets ( ,france & ,turkey1 :i* misc>ri$ 9 a mis]able piratical desc5t ^u ! neighb\r+ coa/1 & a disgraceful re-emb>km5t1 t ,portia & h] daught] 7 receiv$ into a conv5t1 & ,torquato 0 s5t to 8 fa!r at ,rome2 :o1 an exile1 on a b$ ( sickness1 & 9 deep pov]ty1 0 solac+ himself1 amid/ 8 mis=tunes1 ) prep>+ a volume ( 8 ,rime = ! press1 & unwe>i$ly lab\r+ to complete 8 ,amadigi4 ,9 ! et]nal city1 "y ,tasso prosecut$ 8 /udies ) indefatigable assiduity1 & hav+ = companion a c\s9 ( 8 own "n1 ,*ri/(]o ,tasso1 a lad ( indol5t habits & sl[ capacity4 ,he1 by 8 example & influ5ce1 = a :ile happily /imulat$ ! latt] to become a wor?y competitor ( himself2 b he soon gr[+ tir$ 9 ! c\rse1 ,torquato left him1 & e rival beside1 f> beh9d 9 e le>n$ & lib]al accompli%m5t4 ,9 #aeef ,portia di$1 at ,naples1 nev] hav+ se5 h] husb& s9ce 8 orig9al proscription4 ,h] illness 0 s brief & s viol5t1 t ,b]n>do d\bt$ :e!r x 0 poison or a brok5 he>t t _h cut h] (f 9 ! prime ( h] ye>s1--mo/ ( :i*1 h[ev]1 _h be5 s melan*oly1 s9ce h] happ9ess fir/ seem$ consummat$ by h] union ) ! man ( h] *oice1 & 9 ! *ildr5 ( _! love1 t !re ne$$ no auxili>y1 9 ?is in/ance1 = ,nature to d h] "w 9 ! %ape ( dea?4 ,mean:ile ,b]n>do1 n be+ p]mitt$ to return to ,naples1 0 compell$1 by ! /ress ( h>d circum/ances1 to leave 8 daught] 9 ! h&s ( ^? :om he _h b too mu* reason to call h] enemies1 ?\gh ! ne>e/ ( k9 to h] deceas$ "m4 ,^!--probably f motives ( rapacity1 ?\gh political ranc\r may h add$ its malignity to ! cold v5om ( av>ice--in/itut$ a process aga9/ "y ,torquato1 to dis9h]it him1 "u a pret5ce :i* a fi5d inc>nate 7_h su* a w&]] f ! abyss ( lo/ spirits be5 p]mitt$ to d>k5 ! e>? ) 8 %ad[7 might h blu%$ to advance 9 a c\rt ( ju/ice1--t1 hav+ foll[$ 8 mis]able p>5t to ,rome1 ! boy 7at t5 ye>s ( age67 _h made himself p>tak] ( 8 fa!r's imput$ treason1 & !reby righte\sly expos$ himself to ! same p5alties ( exile & confiscation4 ,! issue ( ?is iniquit\s proce$+ does n appe>1 except x may be ga!r$ f ! fact1 t ! uncles contriv$ to )hold ,torquato's portion ( 8 "m's d[ry f him till ! la/ ye> ( 8 life3 &1 fur!r to secure ! control1 at lea/1 ( ! prop]ty by !mselves1 !y m>ri$ h] daught] ,cornelia1 :o1 at fifte5 ye>s1 _h gr[n up into a beauty1 to a g5tleman ( ,sorr5to1 ( n>r[ =tune1 b hon\rable bir?1 9 spite ( ! prote/ations ( h] fa!r1 ^: ambition _h de/9$ h] = a high] & m weal?y alliance2 8 hopes & 8 plans be+ ev5 a day's m>* beyond 8 p[] ( ov]tak+ !m by p]=mance4 ,!re is extant a lett] writt5 on ?is occasion by ,torquato 7probably at ! dictation ( 8 fa!r7 to ,signora ,vittoria ,colonna1 9 :i* ! lad bitt]ly compla9s aga9/ ! cruelty ( 8 uncles 9 =c+ ?is mat* ^u 8 si/]2 & implores h] int]f]5ce to prev5t ! entailm5t ( pov]ty & disgrace ^u ! "y ,cornelia1 by su* a sacrifice ( h] p]son & prop]ty to ! m]c5>y views ( h] relatives4 ,x is h>d1 says ! reput$ writ]1 to lose "o's =tune2 b ! degradation ( blood is mu* h>d] to be>4 ,my poor old fa!r has only u two2 &1 s9ce =tune has robb$ him ( 8 prop]ty1 & ( a wife :om he lov$ z 8 own s\l1 suff] n rapacity to deprive him ( 8 belov$ daught]1 9 ^: bosom he hop$ to f9i% tranquilly ! few la/ ye>s ( 8 old age4 ,we h no fri5ds at ,naples2 our relations are our enemies1 &1 on acc\nt ( ! circum/ances ( my fa!r's situation1 e "o fe>s to take u by ! h&4 ,^! /]n b t5d] s5tim5ts1 wrung 9 ! agony ( he>t-sickness f ! fa!r1 7 writt51 n only by ! h& ( ! son ^u ! pap] ( ! epi/le1 b on 8 own he>t1 & became id5tifi$ ) 8 p]sonal feel+s ?r\gh life4 ,?\gh he nev] suff]$ ! escut*eon ( 8 family to be blemi%$ by a humbl+ connection1 yet he paid de>ly1 bo? 9 8 affections & 9 8 pride1 to pres]ve x2 &1 if ! tradition ( 8 love = a pr9cess ( ! h\se ( ,e/e be f\nd$ 9 tru?1 he mu/ h felt t he 0 himself1 9 t case1 play+ ! "p ( "s poor g5tleman1 ^: alliance w\ld be a degradation ( ! mo/ anci5t blood ( ,italy4 ,bo? ! fa!r & ! son1 9 ! sequel1 7 reconcil$--fir/ = ,cornelia's sake1 & aft]w>ds = 8 own--to h] husb&2 :o prov$ a wor?y & k9d consort1 ) :om %e liv$ happily1 ?\gh n long1 & by :om %e _h sev]al *ildr54 ,9 a lett] address$ by ,b]n>do to 8 daught]1 :ile %e 0 yet a girl1 occurs ! foll[+ affect+ day-dreams ( ! com=ts ( old age :i* he hop$ to realise 9 h] filial att5tions4 ,aft] exhort+ h] to m9d h] lessons1 & promis+ 9 due "t to provide a husb& wor?y ( h]1 ) :om %e %\ld live ne> himself1 he ?us fondly adv]ts to t clos+ sc5e ( a tr\bl$ life1 to :i* _m a suff]] l him1 to ! la/ mom5t1 look$ on z a =lorn hope--=lorn1 yet inexpressibly soo?+1 & *]i%$ ev5 9 ! he>t ( despair3--,sweet & tranquil to me w be old age1 :5 ,i %all see 7z ,i hope x may be ! w ( ,god7 myself p]petuat$ 9 y\r little ones1 ) my v features impictur$ on _! c\nt5ances4 ,dea? w !n appe> to me less t]rible1 :51 behold+ y 9 hon\r & 9 peace1 enjoy+ ! love ( y\r husb&1 & ! delights d]iv$ f ! affections ( y\r *ildr51 y %all close ) pale h&s ^! eyes ( m9e4 ,& surely x is due to a de> fa!r to receive ! la/ kisses1 ! la/ te>s1 & e o!r pi\s & t5d] (fice1 f a dutiful & lov+ daught]4 ,fre% commotions 9 ,italy r5d]+ ,rome an unsafe soj\rn = ! homeless ,b]n>do1 he remov$ 8 son & 8 nephew to ,b]gamo1 & fl$ himself to ,rav5na1 ) two %irts & 8 ,amadigi yet uncomplet$2 z de/itute z 8 contempor>y ,camons1 :5 he escap$ f %ipwreck ) 8 ,lusiad 9 "o h&1 & ) ! o!r buffet+ ! waves--?us sav+ at once 8 life & 8 immortality6 ,on z tr\bl$ a sea1 by l&1 z any bread? ( wat] betwe5 ,lisbon & ,canton1 n except+ t r\nd ! ,cape ( ,/orms1 ,b]n>do 0 toss$ to & fro ?r\gh\t ,italy2 & cont9u$ to ! la/ z poor1 yet z sangu9e1 z ! only g5ius t ,portugal _h hi!rto produc$1 & prov$ itself unwor?y to give bir? to ano!r by its neglect1 if n its +ratitude & inhumanity1 to t "o4 ,b "h a gleam ( sun%9e broke ^u ,b]n>do1 amid/ ! d>kness ( 8 flight f ,rome4 ,! duke ( ,urb9o invit$ him to ,pes>o1 & af=d$ him a welcome b tempor>y asylum !re f ! p]secution ( 8 enemies1 & ! pressure ( indig5ce--a retreat1 inde$1 :i* he himself ackn[l$g$ 0 su* z might give inspiration to any poet1 & :]e lie1 himself1 9 quiet & amid/ t com=t to :i* he _h lately be5 a /rang]1 might complete 8 long poem4 ,torquato = a little "t 0 pleasantly situat$ at ,b]gamo1 9 ! family ( 8 c\s9 & fell[-/ud5t1 :]e1 be+ a boy ( exce$+ly prepossess+ appe>ance1 amiable disposition1 & manife/ly brilliant tal5ts1 he 0 mu* notic$ & ev5 c>ess$ by _m ( ! pr9cipal p]sons 9 ! neighb\rhood4 ,b]n>do1 h[ev]1 anxi\s to h him "u 8 own eye & direction1 soon reclaim$ him4 ,at ,pes>o1 ,torquato1 z might be expect$1 won att5tion f ! :ole circle ( 8 fa!r's acqua9tance2 & ! duke d',urb9o himself 0 s delight$ ) 8 graceful mode/y & r>e accompli%m5ts1 t he introduc$ him to 8 own son z a suitable companion 9 8 /udies & 8 pleasures4 ,! "y noble ( =tune at once became atta*$ to ! "y noble ( g5ius1 & a fri5d%ip1 s natural to k9dr$ m9ds e>ly associat$--! dawn ( affection prec$+ ! day-/> ( passion 9 ! ord] ( ,provid5ce--spe$ily sprang up1 & amid/ all ! spl5d\r ( /ation :i* ?r\gh life di/+ui%$ ! "o1 & ! suff]+s by adv]sity :i* 7 ! subsequ5t lot ( ! o!r1 0 nev] =sworn or =gott5 by ei!r4 ,& well 0 ! lu/re1 s transi5tly %$ by ! pr9ce1 9 ! c\rt ( 8 fa!r1 ^u ! humble son ( ! exile !re1 imp]i%ably reflect$ ^u himself1 9 aft] ye>s1 ev5 f ! dungeons ( ,f]r>a1 by ! glory ( ! au?or ( ,g]usalemme ,lib]ata4 ,b]n>do hav+ at l5g? put ! f9i%+ /roke to 8 ,amadigi1 look$ to ! munific5ce ( ! k+ ( ,france & ! pr9ce ( ,sal]no = ! means ( pr9t+ x4 ,9 ^! reliances he 0 disappo9t$2 & x appe>s t 8 patron1 ! pr9ce1 0 himself s impov]i%$1 t ! p5sion to ! poet ( #cjj cr[ns 7a poor comp5sation = all 8 s]vices & sacrifices7 0 ab\t ?is "t )drawn4 ,s utt]ly p]i%$ 7 ,b]n>do's res\rces1 9 ?is extremity1 t1 accord+ to 8 own lam5table /atem5t1 _h x n be5 = ! b\nty ( ! duke d',urb9o1 he mu/ h be5 almo/ r$uc$ to ! necessity ( begg+ bread = himself & 8 son4 ,! duke lib]ally suppli$ him1 n ) bread only = himself & 8 son1 b pres5t$ him ) #cjj ducats1 to :i* 7 add$ a hundr$ gold cr[ns by ! c>d9al de ,t\rnon4 ,h]eupon he repair$ to ,v5ice1 to publi% 8 "w4 ,be+ receiv$ ) great respect by ! lit]>y *>act]s ( t city1 !n em95t = noble arts z well z victori\s arms & prosp]\s comm]ce1 he 0 adopt$ by !m1 & made secret>y to _! academy4 ,to ?is (fice 0 annex$ a sal>y s consid]able1 t1 ) 8 wont$ improvid5ce1 he imm$iately e/abli%$ himself 9 a h&some h\se1 sumptu\sly furni%$1 & adorn$ ) :at seems to h be5 8 delight1 ri* tape/ry1 ! poetry ( ! ne$le & ! %uttle1 & :i* at be/ is b to pa9t+ :at pa9t+ itself sometimes is to nature -- a copy rem9d+ ! spectator ( an orig9al1 ( :i* "o ( ! greate/ m]its ( ! imitation is ! difficulty ov]come 9 a*iev+ x4 ,b]n>do's vicissitudes w\ld pres5t a t\*+ b melan*oly contra/ to ^? ( ,gil ,blas ( ,santillane1 if writt5 9 a /yle ( s]i\sness & sympa?y ) :at is mo/ sacr$ 9 suff]+1 & try+ 9 hope def]r$1 equal to ! pung5t hum\r & he>tless indiff]5ce to :at is virtuose/1 discreete/1 be/1 9 ! *>act]i/ic adv5tures ( t gay footman ( =tune4 ,b su* transitions z bo? ,b]n>do & ,torquato exp]i5c$1 /range z !y seem to u1 7 ev5ts ( common occurr5ce1 aris+ out ( ! /ate ( society 9 ! petty pr9cipalities & commonweal?s ( ,italy 9 ! middle ages1 & long aft] ! revival ( le>n+1 :5 ^? :o foll[$ ! pr(ession ( lett]s 7 too (t5 dep5d5t = ! means ( subsi/5ce ^u ! prec>i\s patronage ( haughty nobles & o/5tati\s ecclesia/ics4 ,! "p :i* ,torquato _h to be> 9 ! div]sities ( circum/ance1 sc5e1 & company1 into :i* he 0 ?r[n ) 8 p>5t1 0 too well calculat$ to *]i% & confirm all 8 natural aspir+s2 :ile ^? patrician s5tim5ts1 :i* _h be5 in/ill$ into him f 8 cradle1 amid/ pov]ty1 ignom9y1 & all ! wret*$ness ( ephem]al fav\r1 ev] su/a9$ 9 him a l(ty self-e/eem1 on ! gr\nd ( hon\rable bir?1 ! consci\sness ( innate g5ius1 & ! pride ( acquir$ le>n+1 to :i* _h be5 c>efully add$ ^? g5tlemanly accompli%m5ts :i* r5d]$ him a fit companion = p ( ! highe/ rank 9 an age ( extraord9>y display ( p]sonal conduct & c]emonial be>+4 ,tasso1 9 addition to 8 peculi> advantages1 excell$ 9 all ^! conv5tional ones1 except 9 self-control--t especially :i* deg5]ates into s]vility--= 7?\gh ! mo/ exquisite flatt]] 9 ! _w1 z ?\s&s ( panegyrical v]ses prove him to h be57 he nev] le>n$ ! mean]1 b m pr(itable1 art ( be+ a c\rt-m9ion4 ,:ile he 0 ?us pursu+ 8 /udies ) 9 defatigable application1 he 0 n less dilig5t 9 cultivat+ ^? tal5ts1 :i* _h giv5 su* extraord9>y signs ( p[] )9 him4 ,x is /at$ t :ile1 = ! latt] purpose1 he 0 read+ ) int5se devotion ! poets bo? ( old ,italy & new1 z well z ! relics ( ! nobl] b>ds ( anci5t ,greece1 l mo/ ( 8 c\ntrym51 7p]haps1 f secret nationality ( feel+17 he pref]r$ ! ,lat9s to ^!1 & among ! ,lat9s ,virgil beyond e o!r bore ! palm 9 8 y\?ful imag9ation4 ,9 fact he grew s enam\r$ ( ! graces & excell5ces ( ! neid1 t 8 own epic became j su* a "w z1 x might be presum$1 ,virgil himself w\ld h compos$ 9 ! same age1 & "u ! same influ5ces1 z ,tasso liv$2 :ile1 on ! o!r h&1 _h _! bir?s be5 ex*ang$1 ,tasso might h be5 ! glory ( ! c\rt ( ,augu/us1 & fl\ri%$ !n 9 spl5d\r amid/ ! greate/ & mo/ intellectual society ( m5 ( tal5ts t 7 ev] contempor>y1 in/ead ( be+ an almon]1 an exile1 a prison]1 behold5 = food & raim5t1 9 8 be/ e/ate1 to ! b\nty--or r to ! p>simony--( ! ,great ,vulg> ( ,italy 9 ! sixte5? c5tury1 ^: names are m illu/ri\s f hav+ be5 connect$ ) 81 ?an = any record ( !mselves or _! ance/ors1 :i* c\ld r5d] _! families illu/ri\s beyond ! little b\nd>ies ( _! doma9s4 ,?is supposition1 9 ref]5ce to ,virgil & ,tasso1 may be deem$ imp]t95t2 haz>d\s x c]ta9ly is1 & once w\ld h be5 deem$ h]etical by ! idolat]s ( ! ,roman poet4 ,?\gh ?is is n precisely ! place1 yet1 9 a discursive memoir l ! pres5t1 x may be all[able1 to rem>k ^u a l9e ( ,boileau1 :i* has done m injury to ! reputation ( ,tasso ?an all ! spl5etic criticisms ( ,sp]one1 & ! v]bal p]secutions ( ! ,della ,cruscans4 ,ridicul+ ! bad ta/e ( c]ta9 p]sonages :o haunt c\rts1 & f _! rank & assurance are p]mitt$ to judge z fooli%ly z !y please ( ! m]its ( au?ors ) impunity1 he says 7& 9 a note gives a special in/ance ( su* ari/ocratic wrong-headness#ch7 t ^! w pref] ,malh]be1 ,?ophile1 ,?ophile to ,malh]be1-- ,et le cl9quant du ,tasse t\t l'or de ,virgile3 ,& ,tasso's t9sel to all ,virgil's gold4 ,?is flippant anti!sis1 :i*1 f its sp>kl+ ambiguity1 might itself be quot$ z a specim5 ( %e] t9sel 7cl9quant71 am\nts to no m ?an t !re are fools1 z ! satiri/ calls !m1 :o pref] :at is false 9 ,tasso to :at is true 9 ,virgil2 b t ! :ole1 ! half1 or ev5 a t5? ( ! ,g]usalemme ,lib]ata1 ( :i* he himself speaks else:]e ) suffici5t comm5dation1 is compos$ ( cl9quant1 )\t a greatly ov]balanc+ weight ( gold ev5 9 its wor/ p>ts1 he has n d>$ to affirm1 ?\gh by a pitiful ins9uation1 n less unwor?y ( ! au?or ?an unju/ to ! object1 he has _h ! left-h&$ luck to fix a /igma to t effect ^u ! fair fame ( "o1 9 comp>ison ) ^: magnific5t creations ( ?\ght 8 own f9ely elaborat$ productions are b z ,fr5* wire to solid bullion4 ,! feeble confirmation ( ,boileau's equivocal s5t5ce1 by ! elegant b prejudic$ ,addison1 is ( little weight4 ,! critic1 :o1 9 trac+ ,milton's obligations to "s ( 8 great =]unn]s1 ackn[l$ges t among ^! he might h includ$ ,tasso1 b t he does n deem him a suffici5t v\*]1 c\ld be b v imp]fectly acqua9t$ ) ! au?ority :i* he affect$ to disp>age1 b :i* ! poet ( ,p>adise ,lo/ held 9 v diff]5t e/imation4 ,try ,boileau1 :5 he attempts a /ra9 ( h]oics1 z 9 ! ,ode on ! tak+ ( ,namur1 or ,addison1 9 8 celebrat$ ,campaign1 by any page t may be fir/ op5$ 9 all ,tasso's multif>i\s compositions 9 v]se1 & ! :ite plume on ! cre/ ( ,l\is ,,xiv41 :i* ! c\rt poet mi/ook = a />1 & ! de/roy+ angel1 :i* ! c\rt critics ( que5 ,anne's reign hail$ z desc5d+ f ! highe/ heav5 ( inv5tion1 & ! fea!r metamorphosis1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 w be pron\nc$ a pu]ile & p$antic conceit2 & ! angel1 9 ! second1 a piece ( commonplace ma*9]y1 :i* sc>cely escapes ! *>ge ( pr(an5ess 9 its ma9 attribute4 ,m>lbor\gh1 a mortal man1 burn+ to av5ge 8 c\ntry's wrongs1 may well be imag9$ z slaught]+1 ) t]rible delight1 ! ?\s&s & t5s ( ?\s&s ( h] enemies2 b t an angel %\ld be pleas$ 7z ! cold & he>tless phrase is7 9 execut+ judgm5ts ^u unresi/+ victims ( div9e wra? 7righte\s z ! v5geance may be7 is utt]ly inconceivable2 nor c ! poet %elt] himself "u ! d\btful int]pretation ( ! context1-- ,pleas$ ! ,almighty's ord]s to p]=m1 ,rides on ! :irlw9d & directs ! /orm1-- because ! fir/1 la/1 & only impression ^u ! read]'s m9d w be1 t ! de/roy] is pleas$ ) ! de/ruction1 ?\gh ! ,almighty himself decl>es t ,he ha? no pleasure 9 ! dea? ( ! wick$4 ,bo? ^! passages might h escap$ c>p+ criticism2 b1 :5 ,boileau & ,addison mislead ! public to believe t ,tasso's writ+s are all t9sel1 x is fair to %[ t _! own are n all gold4#ci ,torquato's m9d n[ feel+ /r5g?1 & ga9+ confid5ce to und]take ?+s beyond 8 ye>s1 he dilig5tly gave 8 days & nights1 9 ! int]vals ( sev]] ex]cises1 to read+ & m$itat+ ^u ! works ( 8 great ,italian pr$ecessors1 t he might =m1 aft] _! models1 a /yle ( v]se & mann] ( composition :i* %\ld rival !irs1 & yet be all 8 own4 ,unconsci\sly1 x is probable1 at fir/1 b gradually z he grew up1 ?r\gh an undef9$ p]iod1 he conceiv$1 &1 be=e he rea*$ ! age ( eighte51 _h execut$1 :at ,dr4 ,black calls ! mo/ wond]ful "w t ev] 0 writt5 by man1 :5 ! y\? ( ! au?or1 & ! %ort "t 9 :i* x 0 compos$--t5 mon?s1 x is report$--are tak5 into ! acc\nt4 ,! ,joan ( ,arc1 by our illu/ri\s c\ntryman1 ,s\!y1 produc$ 9 a less compass ( "t1 & at an age n mu* m advanc$ ?an ,tasso's1 may fairly be put 9 competition ) ! ,r9aldo1 )\t disp>agem5t to ei!r4 ,no?+ connect$ ) ! exi/5ce ( man1 9 ?is my/]i\s _w1 at once liv+ )9 & beyond himself1 exce$s1 ei!r 9 purity or int5sity1 ! delight ( y\? :5 fram+ poetry at fir/ accord+ to ! ext5t ( new-=m$ p[]s1 & anticipat+ poetry to come1 :5 ye>s %all h matur$ 8 faculties1 & 8 w+s1 aft] _! fir/ m\lt+1 %all h acquir$ full vig\r ( plume to be> him ) no middle flight above ! ,aonian m\nts :ile he pursues ,?+s unattempt$ yet 9 prose or rhyme4 ,among real curiosities ( lit]ature !re yet rema9 copies ( ,dante & ,petr>*1 ) m>g9al notes 9 ,torquato's h&writ+1 :i* prove ) :at microscopic m9ut5ess he exam9$ & /udi$ ! productions ( ^? ma/]s ( t language1 to :i* he himself 0 de/9$ to give consummate grace z well z p[] ( expression--! /r5g? ( ,dante1 modifi$ f ! muscul> proportions ( ,h]cules to ^? ( ! f9e-limb$ ,apollo1--! delicacy ( ,petr>* veil$1 l ! ,m$icean ,v5us1 9 ! mantle ( ,m9]va4 ,x may "h be notic$1 t ,tasso 0 no m an exp]t p5man ?an a flu5t speak]2 8 manuscripts1 accord+ to 8 own ackn[l$gm5t1 be+ v indiff]5tly recomm5d$ ei!r by ! fa%ion ( ! lett]s1 or ! correctness ( ! spell+4 ,! numb]less erasures1 int]polations1 & new read+s1 ) :i* _m ( 8 be/ works1 pres]v$ 9 ! libr>y ( ! h\se ( ,e/e1 are disfigur$ to ! eye1 are int]e/+ m>ks ( t process ( elaboration by :i* he sl[ly b z effectually br\ght out all ! hidd5 beauty ( 8 ?\ghts1 z ?\gh !y _h be5 sudd5ly conceiv$ & p]fectly express$ 9 ! ard\r ( inspiration4 ,dur+ _! resid5ce at ,v5ice1 ,torquato 0 mu* employ$ by 8 fa!r 9 transcrib+ 8 own multitud9\s poems & lett]s1 z well z 9 prep>+ = ! press ! enorm\s l5g? ( ! ,amadigi4 ,by ?is ex]cise ! son himself became daily m famili>is$ ) ! means & artifices by :i* ^? :o excel o!rs 9 ! productions ( _! g5ius1 =m _! peculi> /yle accord+ to _! peculi> /&>d ( intellect1 & id5tify _! :ole ca/ ( ?9k+ ) _! :ole /ructure ( language4 ,to put a passage ( an eloqu5t au?or to ! nice/ te/ ( t\* 7if ! expression may be all[$ = ! int]c\rse ( m9d ) m9d1 9 ! communication & reception ( ideas spl5didly conceiv$ & felicit\sly bodi$ =? by ! "o1 & by degrees only appreh5d$ by ! o!r17--to put to ! nice/ te/ ( t\*1 z x 71 any eloqu5t passage ( poet or orator1 let ! admir] copy x out at l5g?1 & he w f9d t ! progress ( m9d1 h&1 & eye1 go+ all toge!r1 & ?r\gh e "p1 w give him ! mo/ di/9ct possible possession ( ! :ole 9 its full proportion1 m9ute/ details1 & utmo/ effect4 ,b :ile ?us ! amanu5sis ( 8 fa!r1 ,torquato 0 n less assidu\sly cultivat+ 8 own tal5ts1 & m$itat+ ! composition already allud$ to1 9 :i* he 0 soon n only to rival ! =m]1 b ev5 :ile a boy1 & ^u ! en*ant$ gr\nd ( romance itself1 to prove a great] magician ?an he4 ,?is ! sudd5 & passionate admiration ) :i* 8 ,r9aldo 0 hail$ ?r\gh\t ,italy1 & beyond ! ,alps & ,pyr5ees1 irrev]sibly e/abli%$4 ,! failure ( ,b]n>do's hopes1 9 ! neglect ) :i* bo? sov]eign pr9ces & ! read+ public1 aft] ! fir/ eff]vesc5ce ( applause1 treat$ 8 ,amadigi1 0 ne>ly contemporane\s ) ! fir/ triumph ( 8 m =tunate son1 :o1 s f> z fame c\ld gratify or rew>d 8 lit]>y lab\rs1 may be said to h succe$$ 9 all t he attempt$1 ei!r 9 prose & v]se1 !nce=w>d1 ?\gh "s ( 8 p]=mances _h b an ephem]al popul>ity1 be+ welcom$ at fir/1 & aft]w>ds =mally hon\r$ f ! c\rtesy due to _! au?or1 & ! measure ( k9dr$ excell5ce by :i* !y 7 all alli$ to ! happi] (fspr+ ( 8 too prolific m9d4 ,b]n>do1 aft] he f\nd t ! /up5d\s monum5t ( lab\r 9 va91 :i* he _h sp5t s _m ye>s 9 accumulat+1 0 likely to be left to m\ld] away & fall ( itself into oblivion1--hav+ at its fir/ appe>ance excit$ nei!r en\gh ( envy or admiration to r5d] x ext5sively attractive to public curiosity1--lay d[n 9 despond5cy at its base1 amid/ 8 p]i%$ hopes2 & ?\gh he made sev]al attempts aft]w>ds to rise1 ^! 7 all equally unavail+1 & ! late/ solace ( 8 life 0 ! contemplation ( t glory desc5d+ ^u 8 son :i* _h dep>t$ f him4 ,9 consid]+ ! fate1 by a natural dea? 7s to express x71 aft] a date some:at long] ?an t ( a natural life1 ( ^? :o h be5 r5[n$ 9 _! own age1 b h dw9dl$ into insignificance1 or become utt]ly ext9ct 9 t :i* foll[$1 x may be said ( ! f> great] numb] ( ^? :o fl\ri% among contempor>ies1 n1 inde$1 t !y1 are born to blu% unse51 ,& wa/e _! sweetness on ! des]t air1 b t !y are fl[]s :i* bloom 9 _! season1 & *>m ) _! fragrance ! pass]s by ( "o g5]ation1 !n disappe>1 & are rememb]$ no m4 ,?is is ! ord] ( ,provid5ce1 & x is wise & good2 = 7 ! ,almighty less lib]al ( 8 gifts1 ?\gh ! possessors be+ few & f> betwe5 might be m admir$ & long]1 ! _w w\ld be less b5efit$ ?an by t p]petual succession & supply 7accord+ to ! dem& = lit]ature7 ( m9ds wor?y1 p]haps1 ( any age1 b =m$ peculi>ly to suit ! ta/e1 ! mann]s1 & ! society ( _! own4 ,among ,*alm]s' ,engli% ,poets1 = example1 h[ _m names1 once illu/ri\s1 n[ m]ely catalogu$1 are prefix$ to works1 unread ?\gh un=gott51 on :i* tal5ts z div]sifi$ & z well cultivat$ z ! circum/ances ( ! times w\ld all[ 7 pa9fully exp5d$1 to delight & improve mank9d2 ea* ( ^: possessors hop$1 besides s]v+ 8 own g5]ation1 to leave some?+ beh9d :i* ! _w w\ld n will+ly let die4 ,yet x may be que/ion$ :e!r "s ( ^!1 _h !y liv$ 9 o!r p]iods1 or "u diff]5t ord]s ( ?+s1 might n h tak5 f> high] rank among ! c&idates = fame1 & e/abli%$ p]man5t claims to ! v5]ation ( po/]ity4 ,is n great g5ius1 z we call x1 :5 =tunately develop$1 & fav\r$ by _m cont+5cies1 )\t :i* x nev] w\ld h be5 s develop$1 m common ?an is g5]ally imag9$8 ,is !re n at all times & e :]e a class ( intellig5ces :i* may be tra9$ up to become g5]als & capta9s 9 lit]ature1 9 comp>ison ) ! rank & file out ( :i* !y may be call$ by peculi> ev5ts 9 _! own or _! nation's hi/ory1 & )\t :i* !y c\ld n h ris5 above ! ord9>y /ate ( _! less di/+ui%$1 b1 p]haps1 equally capable companions2 z ! work+ bees 9 a hive1 z "s naturali/s tell u1 :5 _! que5 is lo/ or tak5 away f ! little community1 by a p>ticul> regim51 may be n\ri%$ up into que5s1 & f lab\r]s become p]petuators ( ! race8 ,!re seems "s probability = ?is hypo!sis1 fanciful z x may be deem$1 because 9 all extraord9>y em]g5cies1 :e!r 9 ! _w ( politics or ( lit]ature1 m9ds ( ! fir/ ord] are inv>iably br\ght into activity f ! motives1 ! means1 & ! opportunities !n af=d$ to !m1 ?\gh !y c\ld nev] h ris5 above ! depression1 m$iocrity1 or neutral indiff]5ce to :i* !y 7 born1 9 :i* !y _h long liv$1 & mu/ assur$ly h di$1 _h x n be5 = ^? app>5tly accid5tal opportunities :i* gave !m di/9ction & pre-em95ce1 by a *ange 9 !mselves resembl+ a new creation1 b 9 reality only an awak5+ ( lat5t p[]s4 ,:ile ,torquato 0 ?us cont9ually giv+ new pl$ges1 & r$eem+ old ones ( equal lu/re1 or surpass+ ! pr\de/ names 9 8 c\ntry's lit]ature1 ! old man1 f bitt] b unpr(itable exp]i5ce z reg>d$ himself1 hav+ prov$ ! prec>i\sness ( ! fav\r ( pr9ces1 & ! vanity ( expect+ =tune to foll[ fame 9 v]se1 det]m9$ to indemnify 8 son = ! loss ( bo? 8 p>5ts' prop]ty by br++ him up to a pr(ession 9 :i* weal? & hon\r might m readily be acquir$ by common indu/ry ?an by idly look+ = ! gold5 rew>ds ( g5ius at ! h&s ei!r ( ari/ocratic patrons1 :o be/[ !m z b\nties1 or ( ! multitude t compose ! public1 & :o c>e little ab\t ! good or ill f>e ( ^? on :om _! transi5t applauses are lavi%$4 ,s prais5 babes ! peacock's spott$ trayne1 ,& wondr5 at bright ,argus' gold5 eye3 ,b :o rew>des him e'er ! m = ?y1 ,or fe$es him once ! full] by a gra9e8 ,,sp5s]1 ,ecl4 ,x4 ,9 8 sev5te5? ye>1 !re=e1 ,b]n>do plac$ 8 son at ,padua1 to /udy jurisprud5ce1 z ,petr>* & ,ario/o _h be5 condemn$ to d be=e him1 by prud5t p>5ts1 & l ea* ( ^? hopeful sons1 :o 7 born a fa!r's hopes to cross1 ,& p5 a /anza :5 he %\ld engross1 ,torquato 7?\gh x is said t he dutifully & dilig5tly appli$ ) 8 head to ! /udy ( ! law7 gave 8 he>t & 8 h& 9 secret to ! unportion$ muse4 ,! issue ( ?is affiance1 :ile he 0 yet embroil$ 9 ! nets ( legal prec$5ts & practice1 0 ! ,r9aldo already m5tion$1 a romantic poem1 9 twelve cantos4 ,! h]o is n 8 own *ampion ( t "n1 ! glory ( 8 lat] poems1 b "o ( ! million t figure 9 ! ,orl&o ,furioso--a "w :i* s possess$ ! m9d ( "y ,tasso1 :ile he 0 at ,v5ice1 t he tells u he c\ld n sleep = ! fame ( ,ario/o4 ,?is juv5ile p]=mance is writt5 m aft] ! mann] ( t inimitable ma/] ?an ! ,g]usalemme2 b1 ?\gh defici5t 9 ! hum\r & vivacity :i* con/itute ! all-b9d+ & assimilat+ spell ( ,ario/o's tissue ( episodes1 & by :i* ! read] is reconcil$ to w9k at all ! au?or's incongruities & caprices1 ,tasso's poem1 nev]!less1 by a m s]i\s k9d ( magic1 laid hold ^u public feel+ & s happily hit ! expir+ ta/e ( 8 c\ntrym5 = ! extravagances ( *ivalr\s fiction1 t :]e 8 fa!r1 aft] ye>s ( h>d toil 9 ! same fields _h misc>ri$1 ! son1 9 t5 mon?s1 a*iev$ a triumph1 ( :i* ! trophies rema9 to ?is day2 ,r9aldo be+ yet "o ( ! metrical romances :i* are int]wov5 ) ! p>ty col\r$ /aple ( ,italian lit]ature4 ,well might ,b]n>do be a/oni%$ & delight$1 yet humbl$ & *agr9$ 79 "s measure71 :5 ! manuscript ( 8 son's poem 0 pres5t$ to him1 see+ himself already eclips$ 9 8 m]idian altitude 7:i* he fondly imag9$ he _h atta9$ 9 ! ,amadigi7 by ?is morn+-/> ( promise j flam+ 9 ! =ehead ( ! ori5t sky2 & p]ceiv+1 z he mu/ h done1 t 8 purpose 0 = ev] ?w>t$1 ( plac+ ! boy 9 t pa? :]e =tune scatt]s h] gold5 apples be=e ! feet ( competitors 9 ! race = h] fav\r1 r ?an indulg+ !m ) gold5 dreams "u ! %ad[s ( laurels plant$ by ! wayside1 ! mo/ preci\s rew>ds :i* %e be/[s on ! mo/ successful among poets4 ,! fa!r1 h[ev]1 0 too great a lov] ( song to ru9 a good poet 9 mak+ a bad lawy]1 z might h be5 ! case _h he p]sev]$ 9 8 =m] views ) 8 son4 ,:]e=e1 aft] "s delay1 he reluctantly1 yet will+ly1 7a /ate ( m9d p]fectly possible1 ?\gh h>d to reconcile17 gave 8 cons5t to ! publication ( ! ,r9aldo4 ,he :o 9 ! lett] to 8 daught] =m]ly quot$1 s t5d]ly & beautifully anticipat$ ! happ9ess ( be+ himself1 ) 8 v features1 p]petuat$ 9 h] infant prog5y1 c\ld n b be transport$ to see himself1 ) ! features ( 8 v s\l1 p]petuat$ 9 ! glori\s (fspr+ ( 8 son's cong5ial yet surpass+ m9d4 ,) a smile & a sigh1 !re=e1 he p]mitt$ ! poem to appe>1 surr5d]+ at ! same "t 8 *]i%$ expectation ( see+ t son z em95t 9 ! law z he 0 n[ likely to be 9 t :i* is remote/ f law practice & law pr(its4 ,let :o w make ! laws1 said ,flet*] ( ,salt\n1 let me make ! songs ( a p1 & by ^! ,i w gov]n !m4 ,tasso's songs h assur$ly _h l>g] dom9ion1 & _h deep]1 wid]1 m endur+ influ5ce 9 modify+ ! subsequ5t "* ( 8 c\ntrym5 ?an any legislative enactm5ts1 9 :i* x may be imag9$ t he w\ld nev] h be5 conc]n$1 c\ld h ex]cis$4 ,b !n he might h enri*$ & ennobl$ himself2 he might h escap$ mo/ ( ! calamities :i* hunt$ him to dea? 9 ! mid/ ( life2 & he might n only h be5 happi] himself1 b a m useful memb] ( t society 9 :i* he 0 born1 :i* he s]v$ 9 8 day1 & 9 :i* he di$ )\t any monum5t except "s spl5did sculpture to record 8 "n4 ,x came o!rwise to pass2 & :e!r ! _w has be5 made bett] or worse by 8 lab\rs1 x mu/ be ackn[l$g$ t ! fame :i* he s\ght1 & = :i* he sacrific$ all beside1 0 de>ly pur*as$ to himself by ! suff]+s :i* x co/ him to w94 ,x is report$ t :5 ,b]n>do remon/rat$ ) him on 8 indiscreet pref]5ce ( philosophy 7= ) him philosophy & poetry 7 id5tifi$7 to jurisprud5ce1 & angrily dem&$1 ,:at has y\r philosophy done = y8 he repli$1 ,x has taught me to be> ) meekness ! repro(s ( a fa!r4 ,! appe>ance ( ,torquato's ,r9aldo 0 n only ! dawn ( 8 own day ( glory1 b ! dawn ( a new day 9 ! lit]ature ( 8 c\ntry4 ,! age ( absolute romance 0 succe$$ by "o ( transition 9 public ta/e1 dur+ :i* :at 0 mo/ truly wond]ful & m]itori\sly captivat+ 9 ! wild fictions ( knight-errantry 0 engraft$ ^u a /ock ( classical inv5tion1 design1 & execution4 ,?is 0 9 fact ! ne>e/ recurr5ce t c\ld be made 9 epic poetry to ! models ( ! anci5ts1--= ! my?ological ma*9]y ( ,greece & ,rome c\ld n aga9 be reviv$ 9 poetry any m ?an 9 religion2 ,jupit] c\ld nev] aga9 resume 8 ?und] & 8 ?rone2 ,neptune 8 trid5t2 ,pallas h] gis1 or ,v5us h] ce/us2 nor c\ld ! sup]natural int]position ( ! supreme ,god1 ! ag5cy ( angels & sa9t$ spirits1 or ( ,saturn & 8 legions1 be ext5sively employ$ 7)\t con/ructive irrev]5ce1 n to say rank blasphemy7 z auxili>ies 9 h]oic fable1 disguis$ z true hi/ory1 or true hi/ory disguis$ z h]oic fable4 ,tasso1 ,m>9o1 ,camons1 & ,milton h inde$ presum$ ^u ! p]il\s exp]im5t ( enli/+ ! armies ( heav5 & hell 9 conflict ) ea* o!r1 & int]m$dl+ ) e>?ly affairs2 yet1 ) ! exception ( our c\ntryman--& he w\ld be a bold critic :o %\ld d>e to arraign him = impiety 9 ! use ( :at no?+ b ! mo/ signal1 unexampl$1 & inimitable felicity ( success c\ld ju/ify1--x may be add$1 t he w\ld be a critic n less bold1 :o1 z a believ] 9 ! ,*ri/ian fai?1 %\ld v5ture to def5d ev5 ,milton to ! ext5t 9 :i* he has ex]cis$ ?is que/ionable1 ?\gh hi!rto unlitigat$1 lic5se ( fiction2--) ! exception ( our c\ntryman1 ! au?ors a=5am$ h1 = ! mo/ "p1 griev\sly misc>ri$ 9 ! managem5t ( _! ag5ts ( ?is class1 :e!r good or evil1 ^! be+ among ! mo/ indiff]5t & ineffective p]sonages 9 _! respective poems4 ,epic poetry1 inde$1 ei!r ^u classic or romantic prec$5t1 may be said to h become ext9ct f ! "t ( ,tasso4 ,p>adise ,lo/ _c be class$ ) ei!r2 he hav+ a*iev$ ! only "w ( ! k9d1 :i*1 be+ nei!r ! "o nor ! o!r1 b comb9+ ! m]its ( ea*1 t\*$ ! po9t beyond :i* improvem5t c\ld n be c>ri$4 ,he may be said to h liv$ 9 ! la/ age 9 :i* sup]natural ag5ts & miracul\s int]v5tions c\ld be successfully introduc$ into n>rative v]se1 z be+ consi/5t ) popul> cr$ulity or sup]/iti\s belief--an absolutely indisp5sable requisite = ! employm5t ( su* means to illu/rate human affairs4 ,= example1 a poem equal to ,hom]s or ,ario/o's1 writt5 n[ on ! plan1 & ) ! gods ( ! "o or ! en*antm5ts ( ! o!r1 w\ld be insuff]able3 no p[] ( g5ius c\ld create an int]e/ 9 behalf ( ,apollo & ,v5us1 no long] believ$ 9 by ! poet or by 8 read]s2 nor w\ld ! a*ievem5ts ( giants & wit*es1 if celebrat$ by "o born 9 ?is age ( reason1 f9d m]cy f criticism1 or indulg5ce ev5 f ! vulg> /ud5ts ( our p5ny lit]ature4 ,monk ,lewis's ,tales ( ,wond]1 & ! mon/rosities ( ! ,g]man drama1 h be5 long ago =gott52 ! ,mi*ael ,scott ( ! great m9/rel ( t ilk6 alone keeps 8 gr\nd2 b all ! o!r pret]natural ma*9es ( ! same creative h& w\ld h p]i%$ utt]ly1 _h !y n be5 associat$ ) records ( ! do+s & suff]+s ( be+s ( fle% & blood l ourselves1 ?\gh exi/+ 9 a /ate ( semi-b>b>\s society exce$+ly diff]5t f our own4 ,! ,r9aldo 0 ! fir/ =m ( ! ab/ract conception ( a regul> poem1 at once to rival ,virgil & ,ario/o1 :i* orig9at$ 9 ! m9d ( ,torquato :ile yet a y\? ( sev5te51 b 0 n :olly develop$ till1 at twice t age1 he _h produc$ ! ,g]usalemme ,lib]ata4 ,all ! *>act]i/ics ( 8 peculi> g5ius are p]ceptible 9 ! incid5ts1 /yle1 embelli%m5ts1 & conduct ( ?is juv5ile essay2 :i*1 contra/$ ) ! matur$ =m & p]fect maje/y ( t lat] (fspr+ ( 8 g5ius1 is1 z 8 own ,gabriel1 s5t to com=t ,godfrey1 at ! op5+ ( ! siege ( ,j]usalem3--take ! image 9 ,fairfax's v]sion1-- ,a /ripl+ seem'd he1 ?rice five w9t]'s old1 ,& radiant beams adorn'd 8 locks ( gold1-- comp>$ ) ,milton's ,raphael1 9 prime ( manhood1 :]e y\? end$1 alight+ on ! ea/]n cliff ( ,p>adise1 :]e1-- l ,maia's son he /ood1 ,& %ook 8 w+s1 t heav5ly fragrance fill'd ,! circuit wide4#dj ,?is prodigy ( y\?ful g5ius no soon] appe>$ ?an x 0 hail$ ) acclamation ?r\gh\t ,italy1 & eag] inquiries f e qu>t] 7 made conc]n+ ! au?or--t prodigality ( praise might be lavi%$ ^u him by ! le>n$1 & p>simony ( recomp5ce1 dol$ out to him by pr9ces1 ambiti\s ( atta*+ s great a natural curiosity to ! collection ( live r>ities ab\t _! palaces4 ,= ! great ( ^? times covet$ ! glory1 little z !y lik$ ! exp5se1 ( reta9+ m5 ( tal5ts 9 ! tra9 ( _! sycophants & dep5d5ts1 ev5 :5 !y reg>d$ !m only z rem>kable among _! species1 9 ! same mann] z ! lions1 tig]s1 eagles1 peacocks1 & o!r /range & beautiful animals 9 _! m5ag]ies 7 9 comp>ison ) ! mean] ranks ( brutes4 ,ario/o1 :o _h exp]i5c$ all ! bitt]ness ( su* fav\r1 & felt ke5ly ! ignom9y ( su* di/9ction1 pla9ly tells u1 t ! patrons ( 8 day lov$ ^? ( _! p>asites :o w\ld m9i/] to _! p]sonal necessities1 pull (f & on _! boots1 %>e 9 _! orgies1 & p&] to _! vices1--r ?an ^?1 ^: pr\d /oma*s disda9$ to all[ !m to be any ?+ less ?an !mselves )9 ! prec9cts ( c\rts1--poets among pr9ces1 :o c\ld give endur+ lu/re to ! names ( +lori\s patrons1 :i* o!rwise w\ld h f\nd no bett] memorial ?an ! regi/]s ( _! bir?s1 m>riages1 & dea?s 9 _! family g5ealogies4 ,aft] ,torquato's emancipation f ! trammels ( law by ! h& ( ! p>5t :o _h s c>efully involv$ him 9 !m1--flu%$ ) ! new w9e ( lib]ty1 obta9$ at ! surr5d] ( e ?+ else 9 prospect1 & ) no?+ b itself 9 possession1--he repair$ to ,bologna1 to pursue 8 philosophical /udies & indulge 9 8 poetical passion2--= poetry 0 truly to him a passion1 & ! rul+ "o ( 8 exi/5ce1--hon\r1 =tune1 ease1 pleasure1 7 all 9 turns b m9i/]s to ?is1 :ile by ?is he aim$ at ! acquisition ( ea* ( !m1 z ! "o or ! o!r 71 = ! mom5t1 ! object ( desire or ! subject ( lam5tation = hav+ lo/ x4 ,b f ,bologna he 0 expell$ = a lit]>y squib1 ! only ?+ ( ! k9d by :i* he has ga9$ any celebrity1 :e!r x 7 8 own or n4 ,"s anonym\s c5sor _h be5 amus+ himself ) publi%+ pasqu9ades1 ridicul+ ! pr9cipal p ( ! city1 z well z ! /ud5ts ( ! college1 ) mu* malice & a little wit4 ,^? :o 7 expos$ to ^! s>casms 7 exce$+ly gall$ by ! fir+ f ?is ambuscade ( ! p51 & ! m s z !y knew n on :om to wreak _! v5geance4 ,torquato1 9 ! reckless gaiety ( a y\? ( tw5ty1 on a c]ta9 occasion mak+ himself m]ry among 8 companions by repeat+ "o ( ^!1 0 imm$iately p\nc$ ^u z ! au?or1 n only ( ! unlucky l9es1 ) :i* he _h be5 caught 9 8 m\?1 b he 0 assail$ z be+ ! secret manufactur] ( all ! re/4 ,x 0 9 va9 t he d5i$ ! *>ge indignantly1 & *all5g$ 8 accus]s = ! pro(s1 urg+ t he himself _h be5 ! butt ( ! %>p-%oot]'s %afts1 fly+ out ( d>kness & hitt+ 9 broad day4 ,8 pap]s 7 seiz$ & exam9$ be=e ! crim9al magi/rate2 b no?+ be+ discov]$ to fix ! imputation ^u him1 he 0 nom9ally acquitt$1 ?\gh ! suspicion 0 n s easily effac$ f ! m9ds ( ! (f5d$ individuals4 ,he took ! matt] himself 9 su* dudgeon1 t he precipitately left ,bologna1 & remov$ to ,padua1 :i!r he _h be5 ,invit$ by 8 e>ly fri5d ,scipio ,gonzaga1 :o _h lately e/abli%$ 9 ! latt] city ! academy ,degli ,et]ei1 ( :i* ,tasso--c]ta9ly "o ( ! mo/ cong5ial spirits ( ! age--0 wor?ily enroll$ a memb]1 &1 accord+ to ! p$antic fa%ion ( ^? pomp\s b pu]ile in/itutions1 assum$ ! "n ( ,p5tito--= "s fanciful reason n well expla9$1 ?\gh !re has be5 no small wrangl+ ab\t x4 ,to enl>ge 8 m9d1 to exalt 8 imag9ation1 & to enri* 8 eloqu5ce1 ,torquato n[ devot$ mu* ( 8 att5tion to ! works ( ,ari/otle & ,plato2 b :ile ! =m] subject$ 8 reason to ! sev]e/ discipl9e 9 ! asc]ta9m5t ( pr9ciples ( tru?1 he gave 8 :ole s\l to ! guidance ( ! latt]1 ^: vision>y spl5d\r & pr(\nd speculations1 on subjects ! highe/ t creat$ intellig5ces c conceive1 & ( :i* comp>atively s little c be le>n$ )\t light f heav5 to illum9e ! light ( nature1--:ile inf9ite space is af=d$ = ev]la/+ conjectures1 %[+ at once ! capabilities & ! limitations ( ! human intellect1--^! peculi>ly suit$ ! "y /ud5t's ca/ ( ?\ght & int5se delight 9 contemplat+ ! ?+s t are invisible & et]nal1 z associat$ ) ?+s se5 & p]i%able4 ,nor 0 ! philosophical poet an unwor?y disciple ( ! poetical philosoph]1 ev5 ^u 8 own gr\nd & 9 8 own /yle4 ,_m ( ,tasso's sublime/ compositions are 9 ! =m ( dialogues1 9 :i* he disc\rses ) an elevation ( s5tim5t & a p[] ( diction :i* might h ga9$ admiration 9 ! s*ool ( 8 ma/] himself4 ,mean:ile ! g]m ( 8 great poem1 :i* _h be5 quick5$1 probably n lat] ?an ! publication ( ! ,r9aldo1 0 gr[+ up 9 8 ?\ght1--= ,tasso1 by ! necessity ( 8 nature1 0 ev] rum9at+ on "s prem$itat$ or progressive !me2 & "s mighti] conception foll[$ ! disburd5m5t ( e matur$ production ( 8 inexhau/ibly inv5tive g5ius4 ,:ile ?is new & magnific5t project 0 gradually assum+ %ape & "* be=e he ent]$ ^u ! delib]ate execution ( x1 he prep>$ himself = ! task by compos+ 8 ,disc\rses on ,h]oic ,poetry1 :i* place him among critics 9 z high a rank z t :i* he holds among poets4 ,! m]it ( ^! essays1 inde$1 is s rem>kable1 t 8 pr9cipal ,engli% biograph]1 ,mr4 ,black1 is almo/ s$uc$ by !m to ass]t ! univ]sality ( ! au?or's g5ius1 9 ! foll[+ plausible rem>k & happy quotations f high au?ority conc]n+ ano!r extraord9>y poetic g5ius1 :i* seem$ capable ( excell+ 9 :atev] x und]took1 :e!r 9 prose or rhyme3--,( ! ',disc\rses on ,h]oic ,poetry' !re appe> to h be5 f\r1 only ?ree ( :i* h be5 pr9t$4 ,?\gh compos$ at ! age ( tw5ty1 & publi%$ )\t ! k & corrections ( ! au?or1 !y are exce$+ly valuable2 & :ile !y display a mo/ ref9$ ta/e1 discov] also mu* metaphysical acut5ess & geometrical precision4 ,inde$1 ,i am m & m ( op9ion t :at ,mr4 ,/ew>t says ( ,burns is true 9 g5]al ( e great poetical g5ius1 ',all ! faculties ( ,burns's m9d1' says he1 '71 z f> z ,i c\ld judge1 equally vigor\s2 & 8 pr$ilection = poetry 0 r ! result ( 8 own en?usia/ic & impassion$ temp]1 ?an ( a g5ius exclusively adapt$ to t species ( composition4' ,9 ?is ye>1 #aefd1 ,torquato visit$ 8 v5]able fa!r1 n[ lit]ally dagl' anni e da =tuna oppresso1 borne d[n by ye>s & evil =tune4 ,! transport ( affection ) :i* two ( ! greate/ m5 ( _! age1 9 ! mo/ s$uctive walk ( human ambition1 met at ,mantua1 9 ! relation%ip ( p>5t & (fspr+1 mu/ h be5 *a/5$1 yet r5d]$ m exquisitely ende>+1 :5 ! fa!r1 f 8 own sad exp]i5ce1 mu/ h =ese51 by 8 prophetic s\l1 ! sorr[s to come :i* 8 son w\ld enc\nt] 9 ! c\rse t he _h *os52 :ile ! son1 ) emotions n less pa9ful1 mu/ h look$ ^u 8 fa!r1 rememb]+ ! sorr[s pa/1 :i* he _h endur$ 9 ! va9 pursuit ( fame f ! multitude1 & =tune f patrons1 9 ^: cause he _h sacrific$ two s\rces ( compet5ce--8 own small patrimony1 & 8 wife's d[ry4 ,dur+ ?is visit ! y\? 0 attack$ by a dang]\s illness1 f :i* be+ rescu$ by ! skill ( a physician nam$ ,copp9o1 ! grateful fa!r rew>d$ ! doctor ) ! fee ( a /anza to 8 hon\r 9 a new poem1 entitl$ ,floridante1 :i* ! ag$ m9/rel1 :om no m$ic9e c\ld cure ( ! disease ( rhyme1 0 compos+ 9 8 sev5ty-?ird ye>4 ,?is daught]1 z %e might be call$1 ( 8 ,amadigi1 to :i* x is a sequel1 & 8 own la/ *ild ( imag9ation1 prov$ z %ort-liv$ z its romantic1 & almo/ z its natural1 p>5t1 ?\gh ! dutiful ,torquato endeav\r$ himself to revive x1 9 8 own d>k days2 b ,floridante1 ( :om x c\ld n be said t %e _h no poet1 di$ ?\gh %e _h two1 & ^? ( no mean "n4 ,b]n>do ,tasso himself surviv$ = five ye>s1 dy+ 9 #affi1 at ! age ( sev5ty-six4 ,h[ev] und]valu$ by po/]ity1 he 0 unque/ionably ! greate/ poet :o _h appe>$ betwe5 ,ario/o & 8 son ,torquato4 ,ab\t ?is "t ,torquato receiv$ an intimation t ! c>d9al d',e/e1 bro!r to ! duke ( ,f]r>a1 _h nom9at$ him "o ( 8 p]sonal att5dants1 & expect$ him =?) 9 t city4 ,not)/&+ ! w>n+s ( 8 fa!r's old fri5d1 ,sp]one1 & aft]w>ds 8 own1 ,zoilus1 :o1 exasp]at$ by ! disappo9tm5t ( hopes ( pref]m5t :i* he _h *]i%$ :5 he w5t to ,rome1 gave loose to ! mo/ viol5t invectives aga9/ c\rts & c\rti]s1 & e>ne/ly dissuad$ ,torquato f tru/+ himself :]e no?+ b allurem5ts to ru9 w\ld be plac$ 9 8 way1 f :i* x 0 h>dly possible = virtue to escape unsca!d or uncorrupt$1 ! "y poet1 h[ev]1 det]m9$ n to pr(it by ! exp]i5ce ( ! old "o1 b to le>n = himself :at exp]i5ce alone c tea*1 & :at he inde$ le>n$ at an awful co/ 9 ! issue4 ,he resolutely1 !re=e1 det]m9$ to put bo? 8 virtue & 8 =tune to ! haz>d ( temptation1 n d\bt+ t he c\ld secure ! =m] & advance ! latt]1 :]e ! mo/ illu/ri\s c\rt 9 ,italy 0 held by a desc5dant ( ! patron ( ,ario/o4 ,accord+ly he ha/5$ to ,f]r>a1 anticipat+ e ?+ t nev] came to pass1 except ! "o ?+ on :i*1 inde$1 8 m9d 0 mo/ b5t1 t !re he %\ld complete 8 contemplat$ epic1 & e/abli% a "n :i* %\ld associate him ) ! mo/ r5[n$ ( 8 pr$ecessors4 ,:at a bright morn+ 0 t1 =]unn+ a day ( d>kness & despair1 on :i* he ent]$ ! city1 happily unsuspect+ ! tr\bles t await$ him !re6 ,! k+s ( ,engl&1 ( ! h\se ( ,hanov]1 are l9eally desc5d$ f ! family ( ,e/e4 ,^! mu* celebrat$ pr9ces1 9 ! be/ p]iod ( _! asc5d5cy1 dur+ ! sixte5? & sev5te5? c5turies1 7 ! magnific5t1 if n ! lib]al1 patrons ( mo/ ( ! m5 ( g5ius 9 ! f9] arts :o 7 contempor>y ) !m2 & none 0 m s ?an ! reign+ duke1 ,alfonso ,,ii41 "u ^: b5ign influ5ce = a :ile1 b "u ^: blight+ displeasure aft]w>ds1 poor ,tasso fl\ri%$ & fad$4 ,on ! la/ day ( ,octob]1 #aefe1 ,torquato arriv$ at ,f]r>a1 :]e ! mo/ sup]b prep>ations 7 mak+ = ! nuptials ( ,alfonso ) ,b>b>a1 daught] ( ! emp]or ,f]d9&1 & si/] to ,maximilian ,,ii4 ,he 0 cordially welcom$1 & imm$iately receiv$ into ! s]vice ( ! duke's bro!r1 c>d9al ,luigi1 ^: e/abli%m5t consi/$ ( ne>ly #hjj p]sons1 m9i/]+ to 8 pleasure or subsi/+ on 8 b\nty4 ,?is pr9ce 0 n less dignifi$ ?an 8 bro!r1 b altoge!r m amiable & engag+4 ,on ! #b;d ( ,decemb] ! que5 7z %e 0 /yl$ f h] imp]ial l9eage7 ent]$ ,f]r>a1 cr[n$1 & accompani$ by a gorge\s ret9ue4 ,! m>riage 0 celebrat$ by a succession ( ! mo/ impos+ spectacles & pr(use fe/ivities1 :i* cont9u$ = six days1 :5 !y 7 sudd5ly brok5 (f on ! arrival ( intellig5ce ( ! dea? ( ! pope1 ,pius ,,iv4 ,among ! ?rong ( ! great & ! small1 :o _h assembl$ f all p>ts ( ,italy to witness ! t\rnam5ts1 ! pantomimes1 ! balls1 & ! banquets giv5 on ?is occasion1 ,torquato 0 b a solit>y unit2 obs]v+ & treasur+ up 9 8 memory all t he saw & he>d1 z mat]ials = celebration 9 ano!r =m ( ! same sc5es ( luxury & spl5d\r ^u a gr&] scale1 &1 ?\gh 9 an ideal field1 ( m endur+ exhibition4 ,myriads ( eyes may h glanc$ ^u ! contemplative y\?1 & pass$ ov] him z "o ( ! mo/ insignificant p]sonages 9 ! city2 b1 aft] ! lapse ( ne>ly ?ree c5turies1 ev5 ^! gorge\s c]emonials are pr9cipally subjects ( int]e/ because he 0 pres5t at !m4 ,n a human be+ 9 exi/5ce at ?is remote p]iod 7"o might imag9e7 c feel any p]sonal sympa?y ) ! bridegroom1 ! bride1 or any o!r actor or spectator1 native or /rang]1 ^u ! spot2 yet ev5 ! repres5tation ( ! ,temple ( ,love1 :i* 0 erect$ 9 ! ducal g>d5s1 ) a /up5d\s sc5]y ( porticoes & palaces1 ( woods & m\nta9s1 is wor?y ( be+ rememb]$1 because ( ! f>-surpass+ glory ( imag9ative palaces & g>d5s :i* 7 sugge/$ to ! admir+ poet by ! tawdry pageant1 :i* la/$ six h\rs )\t appe>+ t$i\s to ! spectators1 z ,muratori /ates2 ?\gh1 accord+ to ! pi?y rem>k ( ,gibbon1 ! latt] is ! mo/ incr$ible circum/ance connect$ ) ! :ole acc\nt4 ,dur+ ! f\r mon?s :i* int]v5$ betwe5 ! demise ( ,pius ,,iv4 & ! election ( a new pope1 :o assum$ ! "n ( ,pius ,v41 ,torquato's patron1 ! c>d9al ,luigi1 be+ abs5t1 he 0 left at ,f]r>a to make 8 way into fav\r :]ev] an op5+ might be pres5t$2 & x 0 !n t he became m p>ticul>ly acqua9t$ ) ! pr9cesses ,lucretia & ,leonora ( ,e/e1 by :om he 0 br\ght "u ! notice ( _! bro!r ! duke1 :o1 aft] all t has be5 said & conjectur$1 seems nev] to h reg>d$ him o!rwise ?an ) /ately or selfi% condesc5sion4 ,t a y\? s gift$ ) g5ius1 s e>ly di/+ui%$ among 8 c\ntrym51 fav\r$ by nature ) m ?an ord9>y p]sonal advantages1 & 9 _m o!r ways gallantly accompli%$1 %\ld h attract$ ! e/eem ( ^! illu/ri\s ladies1 :o appe> to h be5 m ?an m]e c\rt beauties1 bo? 9 intellect & s5sibility1 delight+ 9 poetry1 & occasionally ex]cis+ !mselves 9 x1 0 almo/ a necess>y consequ5ce ( ! p>ties becom+ acqua9t$4 ,"u su* circum/ances1 no?+ c\ld be m natural ?an t1 on ei!r side1 secret pres5tim5ts ( ! mo/ gratify+ k9d %\ld unconsci\sly spr+ up & be cov]tly *]i%$ by ! sev]al individuals2 nev]1 inde$1 z mu/ be inf]r$ f ! sequel1 to be fully disclos$1 nor ev51 p]haps1 p]fectly und]/ood by !mselves4 ,if1 9 ! age ( *ivalry1 x 0 imp]ative ^u true knights to ass]t ! beauty & ma9ta9 ! hon\r ( _! ladies 9 all due seasons1 & 9 all prop] places1 x 01 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury1 equally ! duty ( true poets to celebrate ! same virtues & adornm5ts 9 _! v]ses ^u ^? ( ! bett] sex1 :o 7 ei!r _! mi/resses or _! patronesses4 ,torquato1 dazzl$ by ! transition f s*ools1 law (fices1 & colleges ( philosophy1 to ! c\rt region ( en*antm5t1 has describ$ 8 own emotions & ! influ5ce ( ! *ange ^u him 9 ! language :i* he puts into ! m\? ( ,tirsi 7! repres5tative ( himself 9 8 ,am9tor71 :]e1 aft] tak+ v5geance on 8 fa!r's fri5d1 b 8 own v que/ionable "o 7,sp]one71 = hav+ dissuad$ him f go+ to ! city1 :i*1 he assur$ him1 0 giv5 up :olly to deceit1 voluptu\sness1 av>ice1 & ambition1 ! %eph]d tells 8 companions h[ bravely he 0 disabus$ :5 he beheld ! m>vell\s reality2 = !re1 z graci\s heav5 w\ld h x1 ,i happ5$ to pass ne> ! blissful dwell+1 :5ce issu$ sweet1 h>moni\s voices ( swans1 ( nymphs1 ( syr5s--heav5ly syr5s6 & s\nds ( music s(t & cle>1 ) o!r ravi%m5ts s /range1 t = a :ile ,i /ood entranc$ ) joy & admiration4 ,be+ c\rte\sly invit$ to ent] by "o ( noble aspect1 :o appe>$ ! gu>dian ( ! en*ant$ spot1 he exclaims1 ,o !n :at saw1 :at felt ,i8 ,i beheld nymphs1 goddesses1 & m9/rels--lum9>ies new & beautiful--all )\t veil or cl\d1 z to ! immortals1 scatt]+ silv] dews & gold5 rays1 ,aurora seems2 ,apollo & ! ,muses1 too1 ,i saw1 & 9 t mom5t felt myself z gr[+ great]4 ,fill$ ) new virtue1 new div9ity1 ,i sang ( w>s & h]oes1 disda9+ my rude pa/oral pipe4 ,b ?\gh ,i soon return$ to ^! calm %ades 7to please ano!r71 ,i /ill reta9$ a portion ( t nobl] _s2 my simple re$ no long] w>bl$ z be=e1 b1 rivall+ ! trumpet1 fill$ ! woods ) notes m l(ty & sonor\s4 ,mopso 7,sp]one7 he>d x1 &1 ) evil eye1 look$ on me & bewit*$ me1 s t ,i grew ho>se1 & long cont9u$ mute4 ,! %eph]ds ?\ght ,i _h be5 gl>$ at by a wolf--a wolf1 inde$1 he 0 to me6 ,! la/ allusion is to ,sp]one's savage criticisms on ! ,g]usalemme1 :5 submitt$ to 8 exam9ation 9 manuscript4 ,torquato1 h[ev]1 _h reason to ?9k1 aft] ye>s ( disappo9t+ exp]i5ce1 t ,sp]one's notions ( c\rts & c\rti]s 7 q z ne> ! tru? z 8 own1 dur+ 8 fir/ visit & soj\rn at ,f]r>a4 ,( ! duke1 8 bro!r ! c>d9al1 & _! ?ree si/]s1 x is record$ t ?irte5 ye>s be=e ?is date1 on a public occasion1 9 pres5ce ( _! fa!r1 ,h]cules ,,ii41 & pope ,paul ,,iii41 ! ,adelphi ( ,t]5ce1 9 ! orig9al1 0 recit$ by !m ) great _s & effect1 ! p>ts be+ su/a9$ by ! pr9cesses ,anna1 ag$ twelve1 ,lucretia1 eight1 ,leonora1 six1 ! pr9ces ,alfonso1 t51 & ,luigi1 five ye>s ( age4 ,mr4 ,black obs]ves1 ) app>5t ju/ice1 t ! c\rt ( ,alfonso unit$1 l ! poems ( ,tasso1 classic elegance ) ! ri*ness ( romance2 & e ?+ conspir$ to k9dle ! fancy & ref9e ! ta/e ( ! y\?ful b>d4 ,anna1 ! elde/ ( ! ?ree si/]s above nam$1 9 #aedh 0 m>ri$ to ! celebrat$ ,francis1 duke ( ,guise1 &1 aft] 8 decease1 to ,james ( ,savoy1 duke ( ,nem\rs4 ,lucretia1 "s ye>s lat] ?an ,tasso's arrival at h] bro!r's c\rt1 0 m>ri$ to ! pr9ce ( ,urb9o1 only fifte5 ye>s old1 :5 %e h]self 0 ?irty-sev54 ,?is 0 "o ( ^? /ate alliances :i* s little resemble treaties ( peace1 t !y des]ve to be br&$ z treaties ( discord1 9 :i* royal & noble p>5ts sacrifice _! *ildr51 if n to ,molo*1 at lea/ to ,mammon--nay1 too (t5 to bo?1--= purposes ( family aggr&isem5t1 by add+ t]ritory to t]ritory1 & conf\nd+ blood ) blood4 ,on ! occasion ( ^! unhappy nuptials1 ,tasso1 z 9 duty b\nd1 wrote an epi?alamium1 :i* _h1 9 its pr$ictions ( felicity1 ! equivocal qualification = excell+ 9 t k9d ( poetry :i* ,wall]1 ) exp]i5c$ adroitness1 h9t$ to ,*>les ,,ii41 :5 ralli$ by 8 maje/y on hav+ compos$ a f> f9] panegyric on ,cromwell ?an on himself--! qualification ( fiction2 = sc>cely _h ! ill-pair$ c\ple _h "t to fall out1 :5 ! gallant pr9ce left 8 bride to volunte] 9 a crusade aga9/ ! ,turks1 ) :om ev]la/+ w>f>e1 9 e petty =m ( ho/ility1 0 wont to be c>ri$ on by ! /ates ( ,italy4 ,! union ultimately 0 dissolv$1 )\t ! int]v5tion ( dea?2 & ,lucretia1 z du*ess ( ,urb9o1 return$ to ,f]r>a4 ,= _m ye>s aft]w>ds1 %e 01 m op5ly ?an ei!r h] bro!r or h] y\ng] si/]1 ! patron ( ,tasso1 & to h] are "s ( 8 mo/ graceful lyrics address$4 ,leonora1 ! ?ird & y\ng] si/]1 rema9$ unm>ri$4 ,be+ highly attractive 9 p]son1 9 mann]1 & 9 m9d1 x is no wond] if ,torquato1 hav+ _m opportunities ( +ratiat+ himself 9 h] fav\r1 %\ld be gradually betray$1 "u ! guise ( t romantic /ra9 ( adulation to rank & beauty 7especially 9 v]se7 :i* ! fa%ion ( ! times n only tol]at$ b sanction$1 to ins9uate all ! f]v\r ( a passion :i*1 ?\gh h>dly aw>e ( x himself1 & altoge!r unackn[l$g$ by its s5sitive object1 might yet be h>b\r$ 9 ! bosoms ( bo?1 ?\gh s secretly1 t ea* m complac5tly & jeal\sly wat*$ ! symptoms ( a t5d] atta*m5t 9 ! o!r1 ?an c>$ to exam9e ! reality ( ! same 9 !mselves4 ,! my/]y1 ?us *]i%$1 = ! tantalis+ delight ( a hope too remote to be fulfill$1 except at ! sacrifice ( e ?+ b t love1 = :i*1 if true1 no?+ might be deem$ too mu* to be sacrific$1 has nev] be5 cle>$ up1 & all reason+ & conjecture on ! subject1 at ?is di/ance ( "t1 mu/ be va94 ,x has be5 ) equal confid5ce bo? affirm$ & d5i$1 t ! poet imprud5tly aspir$ to ! h& ( ! pr9cess1 & t ! pr9cess z imprud5tly surr5d]$ h] he>t to ! poet1 ?\gh1 f necessity1 %e )held h] h&4 ,f ! numb]less canzoni & sonetti1 ( :i* love is ! !me1 among ! rime ( ,tasso1 no premises t[>ds ! solution ( ?is problem c be drawn4 ,dante & ,petr>*1 9 all _! effusions ( ! k9d1 are con/ant ea* to 8 respective mi/ress4 ,beatrice & ,laura are ! p]petual idols ( _! amor\s devotion2 b to s _m--or1 if to "o1 "u s _m diff]5t names & *>act]s1--are ,tasso's adorations address$1 t he may h _h fifty fits ( passion = z _m flames1 & be5 z true 9 turn to ea* & equally volatile to all4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 a rem>kable circum/ance1 t ?ree ( ! greate/ poets ( ,italy %\ld owe z mu* ( _! po/hum\s r5[n to _! que/ionable love z to _! ackn[l$g$ g5ius1 hav+ be5 av[$ly atta*$ to ladies ^: v exi/5ce is unasc]ta9$ at ?is day1 ?\gh volumes h be5 writt51 prov+ no?+ m ?an 7to borr[ ! compreh5sive judgm5t ( sir ,rog] de ,cov]ley7 t mu* may be said on bo? sides4 ,9 ! mean "t1 :atev] 0 ! subsequ5t conduct ( ,alfonso t[>ds ,tasso1 !re seems to be no d\bt t1 = a consid]able p]iod dur+ :i* ! poet 0 engag$ ^u 8 great "w1 ! duke c\nt5anc$ him 9 ! way mo/ agreeable to 8 lit]>y ambition & 8 p]sonal vanity2 = he lov$ ri* app>el1 spl5did ap>tm5ts1 sumptu\s f>e1 & to be associat$ ) p]sons ( ! highe/ rank--feel+ t he c\ld adorn & dignify ! circle 9 :i* he mov$1 bo? z a man ( g5ius exalt$ above competition by intellectual end[m5ts1 & z a man ( ! _w qualifi$ to %9e 9 ext]nal demean\r among g5tlem5 & soldi]s z well z among /ud5ts & m5 ( lett]s4 ,dur+ ?is prosp]\s p]iod--:5 ! smiles ( pr9cesses1 :o 7 pleas$ to receive ! homage ( 8 muse1 flatt]$ 8 g5tl] affections1 & ! fav\r ( sov]eigns gratifi$ ! pride ( a he>t easily elevat$ to an em95ce ( self-satisfaction1 f :i* ! fall :5 x came 0 ! m t]rible1 & ! da%+ to pieces ( its hopes & its claims ! m humiliat+ & deplorable--,tasso accompani$ ! c>d9al ,luigi z legate to ! c\rt ( ,france4 ,"h 8 fame _h prep>$ ! way = 8 reception ) peculi> hon\r by ,*>les ,,ix41 himself bo? a lov] ( v]se & a v]sifi]4 ,x is said t ! k+ (f]$ ! poet "s spl5did pres5ts1 :i* ! latt] decl9$ to accept1 ?\gh he 0 s scantily provid$ ) a w>drobe1 t he left ! k+dom1 at ! end ( twelve mon?s1 9 ! same suit ( clo!s 9 :i* he ent]$ x4 ,! snake has b "o sk91 b :ile t is we>+ out ano!r is =m+ b5ea?3 x w\ld be well = poets1 :o live on c\rt expectations1 if !y 7 z well provid$4 ,z n _m p]sonal anecdotes are relat$ ( our poet1 two or ?ree indiff]5t ones may be giv5 "h z specim5s ( ! tone ( 8 conv]sation & address 9 public4 ,a poet ( "s repute hav+ committ$ a crime = :i* he 0 condemn$ to die1 ,tasso resolv$ to obta91 if possible1 a mitigation ( ! puni%m5t4 ,at ! palace he le>n$ t ! s5t5ce 0 ab\t to be execut$ imm$iately4 ,undisc\rag$1 h[ev]1 he press$ =w>d2 & be+ admitt$ to ! pres5ce1 he ?us address$ ! k+3--,may x please y\r maje/y1 ,i am come to implore y to put to dea? a wret*1 :o has br\ght disgrace ^u philosophy1 by %[+ t %e _c /& out aga9/ human depravity4 ,! k+1 /ruck ) ! turn ( ! reque/1 sp>$ ! crim9al4 ,be+ ask$ by 8 maje/y "o day1 ,:e!r m5 mo/ resembl$ ,god 9 happ9ess1 9 sov]eign p[]1 or 9 ! ability to d good8 ,tasso repli$1 ,m5 c resemble ,god only by _! virtue4--,aga91 be=e ! same mon>* a discussion 0 held to det]m9e :at condition 9 life is mo/ un=tunate4 ,9 my op9ion1 said ,tasso1 ! mo/ deplorable condition is t ( an impati5t old man1 borne d[n by pov]ty1 :o has nei!r =tune to pres]ve him f want1 nor philosophy to support himself "u suff]+4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ?is j\rney1 :atev] he may h ga9$ 9 hon\r at ! ,fr5* c\rt1 gratification 9 ! society ( em95t contempor>ies1 & k ( ! c\ntry & p ( 8 h]o1 ,godfrey1 ,torquato lo/ ! fav\r ( c>d9al ,luigi1 z ,ario/o =feit$ t ( ! c>d9als k9sman & pr$ecessor1 ,hippolyto ( ,e/e2 ?\gh n = ! same reason--want ( s]vility to 8 highness 7,luigi probably n exact+ su* base homage z ,ario/o's b>b>ian patron _h done71 b = hav+ manife/$ m zeal = ! ca?olic fai? ?an1 9 ! op9ion ( "s ( 8 confidants1 0 deem$ politic at a "t1 :51 = ! mo/ trea*]\s purposes1 previ\s to ! massacre ( ,/4 ,b>?olomew1 ! prote/ants 7 treat$ ) unwont$ indulg5ce1 to ?r[ !m (f _! gu>d4 ,h]eupon he return$ to ,italy1 ?\gh n imm$iately to ,f]r>a2 =1 travell+ 9 company ) ,manzuoli1 ! secret>y ( ! late embassy1 we f9d t he arriv$ at ,rome 9 ,janu>y1 #aegb4 ,"h he 0 cordially welcom$ by _m ( 8 fa!r's old acqua9tances1 z well z greatly di/+ui%$ = 8 own sake4 ,pope ,pius ,v4 hon\r$ him ) an audi5ce1 & ! privilege ( kiss+ 8 foot4 ,?r\gh ! m$iation ( ! du*ess ( ,urb9o & ,leonora1 he 0 soon aft]w>ds =mally admitt$ into ! s]vice ( ,alfonso1 ) a p5sion ( a hundr$ & eighty gold cr[ns a ye>1 & ! und]/&+ t no p]sonal duties w\ld be requir$ ( him2 b t he %\ld be at lib]ty to pursue 8 /udies & f9i% 8 poem at 8 own leisure4 ,g5]\s z ?is provision und\bt$ly 01 x yet made him a captive 9 gold5 *a9s1 too weak to b9d ! limbs1 b /rong en\gh to en?ral ! s\l & enslave ! m9d4 ,s1 at lea/1 ,torquato f\nd 8 obligation2 & ev5 :5 on bo? sides x _h be5 brok51 aft] 8 second imprisonm5t1 he 0 nev] 9 _s enfran*is$ f ! yoke ( ,alfonso1 till dea? set him free4 ,8 own te/imony conc]n+ 8 patron's munific5ce at ?is "t1 long aft] he _h lo/ 8 fav\r1 is hon\rable to bo?3--,he rais$ me f ! d>kness ( my l[ e/ate to ! light & glory ( 8 c\rt2 he remov$ me f p5ury to abundance2 he exce$+ly enhanc$ ! value ( my works1 by (t5 & will+ li/5+ :ile ,i read1 & treat+ _! au?or ) e m>k ( e/eem4 ,he plac$ me at 8 table1 & c\nt5anc$ me ) 8 p]sonal att5tion2 & he nev] d5i$ me a fav\r :i* ,i reque/$4 ,"u ^! auspices1 :ile ,tasso 0 /ill vigor\sly prosecut+ t spl5did crusade ( 8 muse1 ! poetical siege ( ,j]usalem1 & _h n[ ne>ly made himself ma/] ( x = an ev]la/+ /ronghold ( 8 poetical sov]eignty1 8 exub]ant m9d p\r$ out multitudes ( sonnets1 canzoni1 & o!r miscellanies 9 v]se & prose--almo/ entirely on transi5t !mes1 love fancies1 & panegyrical attempts-- ----to give a dea?less lot ,to names +lori\s1 born to be =got4 ,among ^!1 9 ! composition ( :i* x might be que/ion$ :e!r he 0 wa/+ 8 g5ius or cultivat+ x1 he produc$ some?+ m excell5t1 9 ! =m ( a pa/oral drama4 ,accord+ly1 ! mo/ beautiful (fspr+ ( 8 imag9ation--s f> z ref]s to exquisite grace ( diction1 & consummate skill 9 adorn+ a subject altoge!r artificial1 & feign+ a /ate ( society t nev] did1 nev] c\ld1 nev] ought to exi/1--9 a /ory n v natural ?\gh ! incid5ts are few1 nor v happily connect$ or intelligibly develop$1--8 ,am9ta appe>$1 writt5 9 fl[+ v]se ( v>i\s measures )\t rhyme1 & enri*$ ) lyric *orusses ( extraord9>y elegance4 ,h[ ! public exhibition ( su* a drama c\ld be tol]at$1 be=e ! mo/ exalt$ p]sonages ( ! /ate1 ladies ( ! highe/ "*1 & religioni/s ( ! mo/ plausible pr(essions1 is v difficult = u1 9 our cold climate1 & ) our sev]] z well z ju/] s5tim5ts ( decorum1 to imag9e4 ,all t c be said 9 ext5uation ( ! audi5ce1 & p]haps ( ! poet1 comes to ?is presumption1 t1 ?\gh ! piece ab\nds ) descriptions & allusions ! mo/ voluptu\s & fasc9at+ to awak5 ! mo/ p]il\s passions 9 y\?1 & :i* no gravity ( age ought to endure1 su* 7 ! mann]s ( ! day1 & s little ( evil 0 appreh5d$1 :]e ! s]p5t1 t allur$ ,eve ) 8 wiles ( beauty among ! fl[]s ( p>adise1 put on ?is pa/oral disguise ( ! innoc5ce ( ! gold5 age1 t ! fair & ! virtu\s alike imag9$ !mselves z guiltless 9 li/5+ to 8 bl&i%m5ts1 z ,milton repres5ts ! "m ( mank9d to h be5 unsuspici\s ( dang]1 :5 %e foll[$ ! tempt] to ! =bidd5 tree1 & ent]$ into a p>ley ) him !re1 till at l5g?1 beguil$ by 8 subtilty1 %e pluck$1 %e ate4 ,& "h a subject too delicate to be h&l$ on ! pres5t occasion mu/ be left to e "o's consci5ce :o indulges 9 ! luxury ( su* read+ z ! "w "u consid]ation furni%es4 ,x is rem>kable t ! au?or1 designat+ himself "u ! "n ( ,tirsi1 seems to h be5 =ew>n$ ( ! malady :i* soon aft]w>ds ov]:elm$ him1 & to :i*1 no d\bt1 f con/itutional temp]am5t he _h be5 prone f 8 y\? upw>d1 & :i*1 9 premature old age1 ca/ su* cl\ds ( my/]y ov] ! gloom & spl5d\r ( 8 latt] life4 ,kn[e/ ?\ n :at ,tirsi wrote1 :51 fir$ ) fr5zy1 he w&]$ ?r\gh ! =e/1 at once mov+ laught] & pity among ! lovely nymphs & %eph]ds8 ,nor wrote he ev5 !n '?+s wor?y to be laugh$ at1 al?\gh he did su* ?+s4' ,! du*ess ( ,urb9o be+ abs5t f ,f]r>a1 :5 ,tasso's muse1 l ,hab+ton's halcyon1 produc$ ,! happy miracle ( ?is r>e bir?1 invit$ him to h] delightful retirem5t ( ,ca/eldurante1 :]e %e he>d ! pa/oral /ra9s f 8 own lips1 :i*1 ?\gh n eloqu5t f natural infirmity1 w\ld yet convey ! s\l & passion1 ! delicacy & pa?os1 ( e passage1 ) an impression :i* no actor on ! /age1 nor inde$ any read] b himself1 c\ld give4 ,! liv+ voice1 9 ?is case1 w\ld be ! actual language ( ! _s t conceiv$ ! ?\ghts1 speak+ to ! _s ( h] :o receiv$ !m ?r\gh ! e>1 fre% & fl[+ f ! f\nta9 9 8 he>t2 = ! writt5 copy1 to ! eye1 w\ld be b a translation1 want+ ! incommunicable accompanim5ts ( tone1 look1 expression1 & p]fect intellig5ce ( ! :ole 9 all its be>+s & mean+s1 su* z ! orig9al au?or alone c\ld possess2 =1 z ,dr4 ,johnson said1 no words c convey s\nds2 & bo? s\nds & words 7 requisite to d ju/ice to su* v]se z 84 ,tasso rema9$ sev]al mon?s ) ! du*ess4 ,all ,italy soon e*o$ ) ! fame ( ?is poetical ph5om5on1 :i*1 ?\gh n ! fir/ ( ! k9d1 7an indiff]5t model hav+ be5 produc$ six ye>s be=e1 by "o ,ari5ti17 x 0 ! fir/ t _h p[] to compel almo/ univ]sal admiration1 & e/abli% a prec$5t & au?ority = t fanta/ic species ( lit]>y composition4 ,imitations1 by ! mo/ gift$ ( 8 contempor>ies1 sprang up 9 rapid succession1 & pass$ away z rapidly1 ) ! exception ( "o1 ! ,pa/or ,fido ( ,gu>9i1 :i* n only ma9ta9$ its gr\nd1 b ev5 disput$ t on :i* its =]unn] /ood1 & f :i* no rivalry has ev] yet be5 able to remove x4 ,! r5[n :i* ,tasso acquir$ by ! ,am9ta naturally exasp]at$ envy 9 proportion z x comm&$ applause1 & among ! multitude ( competitors :o c\ld n so> to 8 elevation1 !re 7 n want+ ^? :o employ$ e artifice to br+ him d[n to _! level1 t !y might trample him "u foot4 ,:atev] 7 ! causes1 ,tasso to ! end ( 8 life 0 p]secut$ z mu* by unm]ciful critics z he 0 oppress$ by h>d-he>t$ patrons4 ,b ! ,am9ta 0 n ! only episodal ent]prise ( ,tasso1 :ile he 0 sl[ly b unwe>i$ly proce$+ ) ! ,g]usalemme4 ,flu%$ ) ! success ( 8 pa/oral drama1 he set e>ne/ly ab\t ! con/ruction ( a regul> trag$y2 b he _h n advanc$ f> 9 ! second act1 :5 ! project 0 susp5d$1 & ! fragm5t ( f9e promise :i* rema9s1 comp>$ ) ! complet$ p]=mance long aft]w>ds1 :5 8 faculties 7 on ! decl9e1 exhibits a brilliant b melan*oly contra/ ( ! *ange t _h come o'er ! _s ( 8 dream--8 dream ( life1 love1 & glory1 blight+ 8 ,may ( y\?1 & caus+ him 9 ! prime ( manhood to fall into ! s]e & yell[ leaf4 ,8 ,tor9do1 z ?is failure 0 /yl$1 0 less a failure ?an ! ,torrismondo1 z ! resum$ & p]fect$ task 0 call$4 ,t[>ds ! conclusion ( 8 toils on 8 ma9 "w 7z he fondly hop$71 b ! beg9n+ ( a s]ies ( mis]ies consequ5t ^u x1 f :i* he f\nd no end b 9 ! grave1 ,tasso 0 seiz$ ) a viol5t fev]4 ,?is left him 9 su* a /ate ( bodily exhau/ion1 t x 0 n till ! foll[+ spr+ 7#aege71 t f ! la/ l9es ( 8 poem he c\ld look back ^u all ! int]v5+ ones to ! fir/1 z ! l9ks ( a *a91 m subtle ?an air1 yet /rong] ?an adamant1 :i* %\ld deliv] 8 ?\ghts z he _h b\nd !m 9 8 words1 f g5]ation to g5]ation1 to delight millions ( m9ds1 s long z 8 c\ntry's language %\ld be und]/ood4 ,he _h already enjoy$ su* exhil>at+ =eta/es ( fame by ! circulation 9 manuscript ( portions ( ! poem1 z !y came complet$ f 8 h&s1 t he 0 ! less prep>$ to enc\nt] ! enmity & opposition1 :i* rancor\s & intrigu+ rivals1 or fanatic & sup]cili\s ecclesia/ical c5sors ( ! press1 imm$iately comm5c$1 & invet]ately cont9u$ to manife/ t[>ds him to ! close ( life4 ,!re 0 9 ,tasso--consci\s z he mu/ h be5 ( 8 p[]s1 & confid5t z he mu/ h felt 9 ! ex]cise ( 8 own judgm5t--a read9ess to submit to le>n$ & c&id criticism1 & a will+ness to conc$e to diss5ti5t op9ions on m9or po9ts ( ta/e1 s f> z 0 consi/5t ) manly indep5d5ce1--:i* c r>ely be f\nd among m5 ( fir/-rate tal5ts1 b yet might be expect$ f a c\rt poet1 accu/om$ 9 o!r matt]s to def] to sup]iors1 be compliant t[>ds equals1 & condesc5d+ to inf]iors4 ,?is disposition1 h[ev]1 :i* ought to h conciliat$ envy h]self1 only provok$ h] ! m to assume e %ape ( c&\r or malignity1 z be/ suit$ h] hum\r1 to torm5t & di/ract him1 t %e might revel ov] 8 wret*$ness1 if %e c\ld n accompli% 8 fall4 ,ye>s int]v5$ :ile ! ,g]usalemme ,lib]ata1 9 its f9i%$ =m1 0 und]go+ z _m ordeals almo/ z he _h fri5ds1 & its au?or suff]+ almo/ z _m m>tyrdoms z he _h enemies4 ,into ! p>ticul>s ( ^! p]secutions x is n necess>y to ent] "h4 ,! poet 0 c]ta9ly induc$ by ! =ce ( argum5ts us$ by "s1 & ! t]ror ( inquisitorial p[]s ex]cis$ by o!rs ( 8 critics1 to alt]1 expunge1 & am5d _m p>ts ( ! poem1 :i*1 aft] all1 suff]$ little f ! processes to :i* x 0 ?us expos$ be=e its publication4 ,t publication1 h[ev]1 0 long delay$ by su* vexati\s h9d]ances1 & at la/ 0 effect$ surreptiti\sly1 to ! great (f5ce & injury ( ! au?or1 !n 9 conf9em5t z a lunatic4 ,tasso's malady 0 griev\sly aggravat$ by ^! excruciat+ criticisms1 :5 he f\nd himself1 on ! "o h&1 *>g$ ) h]esy aga9/ ,ari/otle & good ta/e1 &1 on ! o!r1 ) h]esy aga9/ ! *ur* & good morals4 ,fev]s1 heada*es1 /range dreams1 wak+ suspicions1 re/lessness1 disappo9tm5t1 dissatisfaction ) 8 patron1 to :om he _h d$icat$ 8 poem1 & 9 hon\r ( :om he _h creat$ 8 imag9>y h]o1 ,r9aldo1--p]haps1 too1 ! bitt]ness ( despond+ passion1 ?\gh t is que/ionable1--sugge/$ to him ! idea ( abscond+ f ,f]r>a & tak+ refuge at ,rome1 :]e he purpos$ to br+ out ! ,g]usalemme1 at 8 own pleasure1 & hop$ to reap a consid]able pecuni>y b5efit f ! sale4 ,alfonso1 h[ev]1 0 n will+ to lose ! glory ( ! d$ication to himself1 ?\gh he seems to h want$ ! g5]osity1 ! humanity1 ! ju/ice to deal ) ! au?or except z an impot5t creature 9 8 p[]1 :o c\ld d him mu* hon\r by flatt]+ 8 pride1 b to :om he %[$ at be/ b /9t$ k9dness4 ,to secure 8 selfi% object1 he made ! poet a prison] ne> 8 own p]son1--bo? at ,f]r>a1 & at 8 palace ( ,belrigu>do 9 ! c\ntry1--a prison] at l>ge1 inde$1 b "u p]petual obs]vation4 ,( ?is ! suff]] 0 aw>e2 & ! v idea ( a human eye = ev] ^u him1 re/ra9+ 8 looks1 words1 & actions1 por+ ov] him :ile he slept1 haunt+ 8 dreams1 & ent]+ into 8 v ?\ghts--= s he mu/ h felt z ?\gh x did--?is alone 0 en\gh to madd5 a man ( iron he>t & mill/one bra91 mu* m a poor hypo*ondriac1 z ,tasso _h already become4 ,not)/&+ ! jeal\sies ( ,alfonso1 & ! fasc9ations ( 8 si/]s to deta9 him1 ! caprici\s b>d escap$ f 8 spl5did captivity to ,rome1--& escap$ ev5 ) ! p]mission ( ! duke2 :o gave him a lett] ( recomm5dation to ! c>d9al ,hippolyto1 to befri5d him z a /rang] !re1 = ! av[$ purpose ( obta9+ ! accu/om$ indulg5ce grant$ to visit]s dur+ ! jubilee4 ,"h he met ) ! c>d9al ,f]d9& de' ,m$ici1 aft]w>ds gr& duke ( ,tuscany1 :o r5ew$ to him 9 p]son ! t5d] ( an hon\rable asylum 7=m]ly intimat$ to him 9 private71 %\ld he be dispos$ to leave altoge!r ! s]vice ( ,alfonso4 ,! (f] 0 gratefully ackn[l$g$1 b n =mally accept$2 & aft] six weeks ( holidays 7z he felt !m to be7 sp5t 9 ! luxury ( lit]>y int]c\rse1 & ! r5ewal ( ! impressions :i* ! sc5e ( ,rome's po/hum\s glory 9 h] magnific5t ru9s1 & h] n less impos+ revival 9 h] hi]>*al pomp1 _h left on 8 m9d 9 y\?1 he return$ by way ( ,si5na & ,flor5ce to ,f]r>a4 ,"h1 :ile 8 poem 0 go+ ?r\gh a second r\nd ( critical purgatory1 & 8 s\l 0 s9k+ "u ! burd5 ( c5sures laid ^u him1 l ! spirits ( ! pr\d 9 ,dante1 condemn$ to be> enorm\s /ones along ! unev5 uphill road1 he receiv$ ! appo9tm5t ( hi/oriograph] to ! h\se ( ,e/e1 ) a small /ip5d1 :i* laid ^u him ano!r cobweb obligation to rema9 at ,f]r>a4 ,:at 7 ! duties ( ?is (fice x is ( no consequ5ce to inquire2 he does n seem ev5 to h p]=m$ any1 nor p]haps did he owe any2 8 fable ( ! orig9 ( t family f 8 h]o ,r9aldo--! ,r9aldo ( 8 ,g]usalemme--_h already conf]r$ on x m ( t glory :i* pr9ces covet1 ?an ! true hi/ory ( all its ance/ors might h done4 ,:5 ! results ( ! a=esaid second revisal ( 8 poem 7 communicat$ to him1 9 despair ( conciliat+ 8 critics1 & det]m9$ n to yield altoge!r to _! incompet5t au?ority1 on po9ts :]e he felt himself /rong 9 poetical p[] to produce ! v effects :i* !y deprecat$1 b :i* he _h aim$ at & a*iev$ mo/ triumphantly1 he compos$ an int]pretation ( ! :ole z an ext5d$ allegory1 spiritualis+ its h]oes & its sc5es1 ) m p]v]se +5uity ?an felicity ( success4 ,( ?is x may be fairly said1 t if ! orig9al 7 ma9ly fiction1 ! moral 0 :olly s4 ,8 c5sors1 h[ev]1 p]si/$ 9 condemn+ ! voluptu\s passages to :i* he himself 0 mo/ atta*$1 because he knew !m to be ! mo/ beautiful1 & reck$ n t !y 7 ! mo/ s$uctive4 ,9 ?is respect ! poet himself 0 ! ,r9aldo ( 8 sorc]ess muse1 :o by h] en*antm5ts _h :olly captivat$ 8 he>t1 & c>ri$ him away to h] limbo ( vanity2 f :i* ,sp]one & ,antoniano1 8 remorseless critics1 9 va9 endeav\r$ to deliv] him2 z ,c>lo & ,ubaldo _h rescu$ 8 h]o f ! ?ralls ( ,armida 9 h] isl& ( s5sual delights4 ,he nev] yield$ all1 ?\gh he conc$$ _m ?+s1 & sacrific$ sev]al extravagant inv5tions1 by :i* ! poem1 0 r m5d$ ?an mutilat$4 ,an incid5t occurr$ ab\t ?is "t1 :i* exhibit$ ,tasso n less 9 ! "* ( a h]o ?an he _h hi!rto figur$ 9 t ( ! laureate ( h]oes4 ,suspect+ "o ( 8 fri5ds to h be5 guilty ( op5+ 8 trunks ) false keys1 to pry into 8 secrets among 8 pap]s1 he g5tly remon/rat$ ) ! (f5d]1 :o res5t$ ! *>ge by giv+ him ! lie1 & receiv$ 9 return a bl[ ^u ! face4 ,?is r5contre took place 9 ! c\rt ( ! palace1 & 0 !re=e suffici5tly notori\s4 ,! c[>dly aggressor--"o ,maddalo1 a not>y--walk$ away ) ! di%on\r on 8 br[1 b m$itat+ 9 8 he>t ! mo/ atroci\s v5geance4 ,accord+ly1 hav+ enli/$ ?ree ( 8 k9dr$ 9 ! qu>rel1 !y salli$ =?1 arm$1 to assail ! poet2 & f9d+ him abroad 9 ! /reet1 !y fell ^u him f beh9d4 ,tasso promptly turn$ r\nd1 drew 8 sword1 & dealt s dext]\sly ) x1 t ! ruffians 7 soon put to flight2 ?\gh _! fe>s ( be+ appreh5d$1 no d\bt1 to _! spe$ l5t w+s1 till !y f\nd refuge "u ! ro(s ( v>i\s fri5ds4 ,! circum/ance ga9$ him no small reputation1 & gave rise to a c\plet :i* 0 (t5 repeat$3-- ,con la p5na e con la spada ,nessun vai quanto ,torquato4 ,) ! sword & ) ! p51 ,tasso beats all o!r m54 ,x is n practicable1 9 ?is succ9ct memoir1 to trace ! suff]] ?r\gh all ! details :i* h be5 record$ ( 8 mis]ies f p5ury1 pride1 ambition1 & disappo9tm5t1 ! wrongs inflict$ on him by patrons & rivals1 & above all1 ^? gr[+ symptoms ( a m9d diseas$1 occasion+ suspicions1 jeal\sies1 misund]/&+s1 & qu>rels ) 8 fri5ds & contempor>ies2 :ile t insidi\s malady1 :i* no m$ic9e c rea*1 0 mak+ its un*eck$ ravages ^u 8 con/itution1 & invet]ately fix+ ^u him its evil influ5ces1 s t1 ) brief & di/ant lucid int]vals1 8 rema9+ days 7 pass$ 9 horror & despond5cy1 :e!r amid/ ! d>kness ( ! dungeons ( ,f]r>a1 or w&]+ amid/ ! broad sun%9e on foot1 & dep5d+ = bread & %elt] ^u casual hospitality1 f prov9ce to prov9ce ?r\gh\t ,italy4 ,imag9+ t 8 enemies--enemies z imag9>y1 9 ?is case1 z 7 8 fe>s ( !m--_h accus$ him to ,alfonso ( treason1 & to ! pope ( h]esy1 he at l5g? grew s outrage\s1 t1 "o day1 = "s unacc\ntable provocation1 he drew a dagg] ^u a s]vant1 & assault$ him 9 an ap>tm5t ( ! du*ess ( ,urb9o4 ,be+ in/antly dis>m$1 he 0 conf9$1 by ord] ( ! duke1 )9 ! prec9cts ( ! palace4 ,"h1 :5 = ! fir/ "t he f\nd himself a prison]1 he 0 ov]:elm$ ) angui%1 & bitt]ly bewail$ 8 fate4 ,z soon z he c\ld aga9 comm& 8 passion1 he wrote a v p5it5tial lett] to ,alfonso1 su+ = p>don & release4 ,bo? 7 grant$ to him2 & he 0 remov$1 "u ! eye ( ! duke himself1 to ! palace ( ,belrigu>do1 9 ! c\ntry1 t he might recov] 8 heal? & spirits1 amid/ sc5es & ) ! society 9 :i* he _h =m]ly delight$ to be plac$4 ,) a delicate reg>d to "o ( 8 mo/ griev\s temptations--t he _h be5 guilty ( h]esy1 ,alfonso introduc$ to him ! head ( ! holy inquisition at ,f]r>a1 :o1 aft] duly exam9+ him1 fully absolv$ him f all imputations ( ! k9d1 & assur$ him t he 0 yet a good ca?olic4 ,n cont5t$ ) ?is1 he sudd5ly left ,belrigu>do1 & took refuge 9 a conv5t ( ,/4 ,francis1 f :i* he s5t ^w to 8 patron1 t z soon z he %\ld be suffici5tly re/or$ he int5d$ to ent] himself among ! frat]nity4 ,b no?+ c\ld calm ! tr\bl$ wat]s ( 8 m9d2 he /ill conceiv$ himself "u ! displeasure ( ! duke1 & t 8 acquittal by ! inquisitor 0 invalid4 ,9 ?is turmoil ( d\bts & self-reproa*es1 he importun$ ,alfonso & ! du*ess ( ,urb9o ) lett]s conc]n+ 8 imag9>y (f5ces1 & implor+ com=t & assurance :i* !y c\ld n give1 because he w\ld n receive4 ,) ,leonora he appe>s nev] to h _h t fre$om & frequ5cy ( correspond5ce :i* he _h hi!rto be5 p]mitt$ to hold ) h] eld] si/]4 ,:e!r ?is be 9 fav\r ( 8 presum$ passion or n mu/ be left to ^? :o are skill$ 9 ! my/]ies ( love-mak+ betwe5 unequal p>ties4 ,on ?is subject1 z on ! poet's /range melan*oly1 & ! sev]ity ) :i* x 0 visit$ by 8 patron1 :e!r = ! puni%m5t ( ! lov] or ! cure ( ! maniac1 x w\ld be futile to argue "h4 ,aft] all ! explanation & my/ification by ,tasso's biograph]s1 ! g5]al impression has be51 is1 & probably w rema91 t 8 love = ,leonora 0 real2 t 8 imprisonm5t 0 v9dictive on ! "p ( h] bro!r1 & t 8 fr5zy 0 ! effect ( hopeless passion & impot5t res5tm5t aga9/ oppression4 ,hi/orians1 says ,ugo ,foscolo1 w be ev] emb>rass$ to expla9 aright ! reasons ( ,tasso's imprisonm5t3 x is involv$ 9 ! same obscurity z ! exile ( ,ovid4 ,bo? 7 among ^? ?und]-/rokes t despotism d>ts =?4 ,9 cru%+ _! victims !y t]rifi$ !m1 & r$uc$ spectators to sil5ce4 ,!re are incid5ts 9 c\rts1 t1 al?\gh kn[n to _m p]sons1 rema9 9 et]nal oblivion--contempor>ies d>e n reveal1 & po/]ity c only div9e !m4 ,9 ! foll[+ summ]1 ,tasso1 bewild]$ & desp]ate1 & n kn[+ :i!r to turn1 or 9 :om to confide1 at l5g? fl$ secretly f ,f]r>a to visit 8 si/] at ,torr5to1 :om he _h n se5 s9ce !y 7 *ildr5 toge!r4 ,%e 0 n[ a wid[1 ! "m ( two sons1 & dep5d5t ^u h] uncles1 :o /ill )held h] "m's d[ry1 = ! means ( subsi/5ce4 ,) t caution to d e ?+ by /eal?1 :i* *>act]ises ! halluc9ation ( "o :o fancies all ! _w conspir+ to d him h>m1 he pres5t$ himself be=e h] 9 ! habit ( a %eph]d1 affect+ to be ! be>] ( c]ta9 lett]s f himself4 ,he f\nd h] alone2 h] *ildr5 be+ abs5t4 ,! lett]s repres5t$ h] bro!r at ,f]r>a z surr\nd$ by enemies1 & 9 ! mo/ imm95t dang] ( 8 life1 unless %e int]pos$ 9 8 behalf1 & rescu$ him f _! ma*9ations4 ,:5 %e _h read ! di/ress+ intellig5ce1 %e implor$ ! suppos$ mess5g] to tell h] all1 ! wor/1 at once4 ,he answ]$ by a recital ( mis]ies s aggravat$1 9 a tone s e>ne/ & impassion$1 t1 :e!r %e suspect$ him or n1 %e fa9t$ ) al>m4 ,:5 %e _h be5 suffici5tly recov]$1 ! cunn+ m9/rel *ang$ ! h& t play$ ^u h]1 l ,timo!us on 8 h>p1 &1 f excess ( pity = h] bro!r's suff]+s1 g5tly awoke all h] t5d]ness ( affection1 by old & beautiful recollections ( =m] days1 & hopes yet possible to be realis$ 9 ye>s to come4 ,at l5g?1 :5 %e 0 well prep>$1 he discov]$ himself fully to h]1 & !y 7 bro!r & si/] aga9 9 a mom5t1 & !nce=? to ! end ( life4 ,) h] he rema9$ 9 comp>ative tranquillity = sev]al mon?s1 be+ all ! :ile unackn[l$g$ 9 ! neighb\rhood1 except z ,cornelia's c\s9 f ,b]gamo1 :o1 com+ to ,rome1 _h avail$ himself ( ! opportunity to visit h]4 ,b1 z might be expect$1 8 self-torm5t+ m9d became unquiet amid/ sc5es ( repose1 :i*1 f day to day1 delight$ him at fir/1 b1 f day to day1 pres5t+ little *ange ( aspect or incid5t1 he sigh$ aga9 = ,f]r>a1 *oos+ r ! agony ( life to t re/ :i* 0 no long] supportable4 ,?i!r1 !n1 he return$1 on ! assurance ( p>don f ! duke1 & ! re/oration ( 8 pap]s4 ,x 0 soon aft] 8 arrival1 t an act ( indiscretion attribut$ to him by "s1 & d5i$ by o!rs ( 8 biograph]s1 is said to h caus$ him to be put 9 w>d z a p]son ( d]ang$ intellect4 ,be+ 9 company ) ,alfonso & 8 si/]s1 9 ! pres5ce ( ! c\rt1 9 reply to a "q f ,leonora1 ,tasso gave h] an involunt>y salute1 _! faces be+ s ne> toge!r t he felt attraction to be irresi/ible4 ,! duke1 a/oni%$ & indignant1 turn$ to 8 att5dants & exclaim$1 ,see to :at a lam5table condition ?is great man has be5 br\ght by ! loss ( 8 reason6 ,b ! date ( ?is circum/ance happ5s to be z disputable z ! fact2 = x is c]ta9 t ! poet _h n long resid$ at ,f]r>a1 :51 /ill unsatisfi$ ) ! duke's conduct t[>ds him1 he aga9 )drew f ! city1 & successively s\ght tempor>y refuge at ,mantua1 ,urb9o1 ,flor5ce1 ,padua1 ,tur91 & ,v5ice4 ,be+ ill at ease e :]e1 by a fatality ( in/9ct1 z x might be deem$1 he return$ to ,f]r>a1 & !nce dep>t$ no m till aft] a conf9em5t ( sev5 ye>s4 ,=1 imag9+ himself coldly receiv$ at c\rt1 & unwor?ily repuls$ :5 he s\ght an audi5ce1 he v5t$ 8 angui% ( disappo9tm5t 9 bitt] invectives aga9/ ! duke1 :o1 amid/ ! fe/ivities ( 8 new nuptials ) a "y bride1 8 ?ird wife1 a daught] ( ! duke ( ,mantua1 0 little incl9$ to he>k5 to ! compla9ts & supplications ( "o :om he _h long look$ ^u z insane4 ,on ?is gr\nd he 0 committ$ to ,/4 ,anne's hospital1 z a lunatic1 :i* 9 ^? days ( m$ical ignorance ( ! prop] treatm5t ( su* pati5ts 0 to be puni%$ z a crim9al = 8 mis=tune4 ,! foll[+ extract mu/ /& 9 place ( multif>i\s details ( ! poet's feel+s "u ?is long re/ra9t4 ,8 imprisonm5t comm5c$ 9 ,m>*1 #aegi4 ,soon aft]w>ds he ?us express$ himself 9 a lett] to 8 fri5d ,scipio ,gonzaga3-- ,ah me6 ,i _h int5d$ to compose two h]oic poems ( noble argum5t1 & f\r trag$ies1 ( :i* ,i _h contriv$ ! plots4 ,_m works 9 prose also1 on ! mo/ exalt$ & useful subjects1 ,i _h contemplat$2 purpos+ s to unite philosophy & eloqu5ce1 t ,i might leave an et]nal monum5t to my memory 9 ! _w4 ,alas6 ,i hop$ to close my life ) glory & r5[n1 b n[1 borne d[n "u ! load ( my mis=tunes1 ,i h lo/ all prospect ( fame & di/9ction4 ,inde$ ,i %\ld consid] myself abundantly happy1 if1 )\t suspicion1 ,i c\ld b qu5* ! ?ir/ ) :i* ,i am torm5t$2 & if1 z "o ( ! multitude1 ,i c\ld lead a life ( fre$om 9 "s poor cottage1 if n 9 heal?1 :i* ,i c no long] be1 yet exempt f ?is angui%4 ,if ,i 7 n hon\r$1 x w\ld be en\gh = me n to be abom9at$2 & if ,i c\ld n live l m51 ,i might at lea/ qu5* ! ?ir/ t consumes me1 l ! brutes :i* freely dr9k f /ream & f\nta94 ,nor d ,i fe> s mu* ! va/ness z ! duration ( ?is calamity2 & ! ?\ght ( ?is is horrible to me1 especially z 9 ?is place ,i c nei!r write nor /udy4 ,! dread1 too1 ( p]petual imprisonm5t increases my melan*oly1 & ! indignities :i* ,i suff] exasp]ate x2 :ile ! squalor ( my be>d1 my hair1 & my dress1 ! sordidness & ! fil? ( ! place1 exce$+ly annoy me4 ,b1 above all1 ,i am afflict$ by solitude1 my cruel & natural enemy2 :i*2 ev5 9 my be/ /ate2 0 sometimes s di/ress+1 t (t51 at ! mo/ unseasonable h\rs1 ,i h gone 9 se>* ( company4 ,sure ,i am1 t if %e :o s little has correspond$ to my atta*m5t1 if %e saw me 9 su* a condition2 & 9 su* mis]y1 %e w\ld h "s compassion ^u me4 ,?\gh su* /atem5ts mu/ be receiv$ ) "s all[ance = ! p[] ( self-tortur+ :i* he possess$ 9 no small degree1 & ex]cis$ ) z little =be>ance z ?\gh he 7 8 own mo/ implacable enemy1 yet1 accord+ to ,tasso's repres5tation1 ! treatm5t :i* he exp]i5c$ "u ! h&s ( 8 bro!r-poet1 ,ago/9o ,morti1 =m]ly a disciple ( ,ario/o1 ! keep] ( ! hospital1 0 almo/ z bad z t :i* he receiv$ at 8 own4 ,he says t by ?is man he 0 n all[$ ! necess>ies ( life1 ! m$ic9es :i* 8 bodily disease requir$1 nor ! spiritual consolations :i* 8 he>t-sickness ne$$3 moreov]1 t 8 m$itations 7 di/urb$ by ! inmates ( ! h\se1 s t he c\ld n proce$ ) ! prep>ation ( 8 works = ! press2 b above all1 t he 0 "u ! p[] ( wit*craft1 ,morti be+ 9 league ) c]ta9 magicians to de/roy him by en*antm5ts2 & z ?is 0 a capital crime1 he ?reat5s to accuse ! keep] to ! duke4#da ,8 sonnets to ! cats ( ! hospital1 implor+ !m to l5d him ! light ( _! eyes to write by1 are specim5s ( t k9d ( mir? :i* suits & sets (f melan*oly1 9 a c]ta9 humor\s sadness4 ,_! g5u95ess1 h[ev]1 is n c]ta91 & !y are h>dly translatable4 ,:atev] 7 ! actual circum/ances ( ,tasso's m5tal ali5ation & corporal suff]+s f disease or ill usage1 8 life1 f ! p]iod ( 8 fir/ imprisonm5t1 0 to himself l "o ( ! opium-eat]'s dreams--spl5d\rs & horrors1 alt]nations ( agony & rapture1 *anges sudd51 frequ5t1 & /rangely contra/$3 he inhabit$ a _w ( unrealities1 ( :i* ! joys & sorr[s1 ! hopes & fe>s1 7 ! m real 9 proportion z !y 7 ideal1 & !re=e incurable2 act+ ^u ! s\l itself l t effect ^u ! bodily s5ses1 excruciat+ly susceptible ( impressions ( pa91 s happily imag9$1 & n less felicit\sly express$ by ! mo/ poli%$ ( our own poets3-- ,say :at _! use1 7 f9] optics giv58 ,to inspect a mite1 n compreh5d ! heav52 ,or t\*1 if trembl+ly alive all o'er1 ,to sm>t & agonise at e pore2 ,or1 quick effluvia d>t+ ?r\gh ! bra91 ,die ( a rose 9 aromatic pa92 ,if nature ?und]'d 9 8 op5+ e>s1 ,& /unn'd him ) ! music ( ! sph]es4 ,h[ w\ld he wi% t heav5 _h left him /ill ,! :isp]+ zephyr & ! purl+ rill4 ,,pope's ,essay on ,man1 ,epi/4 ,i4 ,& su* a be+1 too exquisitely s5sitive1 is e poet1 ^: imag9ation or ^: passion ov]ma/]s 8 reason & 8 judgm5t4 ,tasso 0 em95tly su*--a poet 9 e ?+1 & all life long4 ,mean:ile editions ( 8 ,g]usalemme 7 multiply+ ?r\gh\t ,italy1 & beyond ! ,alps & ! ,pyr5ees2 :ile ! m9d t conceiv$ & produc$ x 0 w&]+1 l a lo/ /> ?r\gh ! inf9ity ( space1 unaccompani$ by any k9dr$ planet1 & unattract$ by any p>5t sun2 & ! poet himself--he :om mon>*s _h delight$ to hon\r1 ! associate ( sov]eigns1 :o _h be5 ! fav\rite ( pr9cesses1 & ! admiration or ! envy ( ! highe/ intellects ( 8 age--0 treat$ z a brute1 out ( ^: liv+ frame ! rational s\l _h dep>t$1 & ^: animal appetites 7 to be subdu$ by sev]e ab/95ce1 or controll$ by h>% discipl9e4 ,yet 9 8 solitude1 :5 ! fir/ rig\rs ( 8 imprisonm5t _h be5 relax$1 & an ap>tm5t ( less discom=t 0 allott$ to him1 he pursu$1 ) unabat$ ard\r & int5sity1 8 /udies1 s f> z he _h ! means1 & p\r$ out1 z he 0 ev] wont1 8 sorr[s & 8 hopes1 8 remembrances & 8 imag9ations1 9 e =m ( v]se4 ,inde$1 _m ( 8 mo/ beautiful compositions are dat$ )9 ! t]m ( 8 captivity4 ,9 c\rse ( "t1 z he grew calm]1 8 fri5ds1 & illu/ri\s /rang]s attract$ by 8 fame1 7 p]mitt$ to visit him4 ,occasionally1 too1 a day ( light & lib]ty 0 grant$1 & he 0 br\ght out ( 8 prison-h\se to ^? spl5did mansions :i* he lov$ to inhabit1 & :i* he 0 s well qualifi$ to adorn4 ,m>fisa ( ,e/e1 c\s9 to ! duke1 especially befri5d$ him 9 ?is mann]1 & ent]ta9$ him at h] delightful villa1 :]e1 9 company ) h] di/+ui%$ h\sehold & visit]s1 he look$ abroad aga9 9 sun%9e1 ) all a poet's transport & all an invalid's delight1 :5 m]e exi/5ce1 void ( suff]+1 is enjoym5t4 ,see ! wret*1 :o long has to/ ,on ! ?orny b$ ( pa91 ,at l5g? repair 8 vig\r lo/1 ,& brea! & walk aga93 ,! meane/ fl[]et ( ! vale1 ,! simple/ note t swells ! gale1 ,! common air1 ! e>?1 ! skies1 ,to him are op5+ p>adise4 ,s sang ,gray1 & s felt ,tasso = a few h\rs ( fre$om1--b soon rem&$ back to 8 lonely abode1 he relaps$ into despond5cy2 & ?\gh "o su* day1 :ile x la/$1 might seem to comp5sate = all ! pa/1 yet :5 x 0 gone1 its pleasures appe>$ too de>ly pur*as$ by ! mis]y ( ano!r day r5d]$ m bitt] by ! transi5t *ange4 ,hav+ collect$ a volume ( 8 fugitive v]ses1 pr9cipally compos$ 9 prison1 he publi%$ x ) a d$ication to ! pr9cesses1 ! du*ess ( ,urb9o & ,leonora2 b ! latt] liv$ n to receive ?is m\rnful pro( ( ! fidelity ( 8 gratitude1 if n ( 8 love4 ,%e di$1 aft] a long illness1 9 #aeha1 ag$ #dc ye>s4 ,tasso enquir$ e>ne/ly aft] h] dur+ h] sickness1 & (f]$ to d any ?+ 9 ! p[] ( 8 muse to beguile t "p ( h] suff]+ :i* song might soo!1 :ile pati5tly be>+ ! re/1 = :i* !re 0 no relief b f ,heav54 ,aft] h] dea? he became mute on t !me1 :i* mo/ ( 8 biograph]s w\ld fa9 prove to h be5 ! real ?\gh cov]t "o ( _m an amor\s effusion among 8 sonnets & lyrics4 ,great griefs are sil5t4 ,among 8 wild imag9ations1 ,tasso ?\ght himself haunt$ 9 8 prison by a sprite--some?+ ak9 to our old ,engli% ,rob9-good-fell[--:o 7probably 9 ! v p]son ( 8 knavi% att5dant7 play$ all mann] ( petty mis*iev\s pranks to plague him4 ,"o extract f a lett] on ?is subject w %[ h[ little comm& ( 8 reason he _h at ?is "t4 ,he says1 ,! little ?ief has /ol5 f me _m cr[ns1 ,i "k n :at numb]--= ,i d n1 l mis]s1 keep an acc\nt ( !m--b p]haps !y may am\nt to tw5ty4 ,he turns all my hooks topsy-turvy1 op5s my *e/s1 & /eals my keys1 s t ,i c keep no?+4 ,i am unhappy at all times1 especially dur+ ! night1 nor d ,i "k if my disease be fr5zy1 or :at is its nature4 ,f> m frightful visitations he compla9s ( dur+ ?is dreadful int]val1 all :i* seem to prove a lam5table d]angem5t ( intellect1 ( :i* he 0 himself sometimes s consci\s1 t he r\ses all 8 p[]s ( reason+ to conv9ce himself t he has n really lo/ 8 wits4 ,to a fri5d he writes--,i _c def5d any ?+ f my enemies1 nor f ! devil1 except my w1 ) :i* ,i w nev] cons5t to le>n any ?+ f him or 8 foll[]s1 or h any famili>ity ) him or ) 8 magicians4 99 99 99 99 ,amid/ s _m t]rors & pa9s1 !re appe>$ to me 9 ! air ! image ( ! glori\s ,virg91 ) h] ,son 9 h] arms1 encircl$ ) cl\ds ( _m col\rs1 s t ,i ought by no means to despair ( h] grace4 ,& ?\gh ?is might be an illusion1 because ,i am fr5etic1--tr\bl$ ) v>i\s phantasms1 & full ( inf9ite melan*oly1--yet1 by ! grace ( ,god1 ,i c sometimes cohib]e ass5sum 7)hold my ass5t71 :i*1 z ,cic]o says1 be+ ! act ( a s\nd m9d1 ,i am incl9$ to believe x 0 a miracle ( ! ,virg94--,?is vision he celebrates 9 "o ( 8 mo/ brilliant sonnets1 & also 9 an elegant madrigal1 ascrib+ to h] grace ! m>vell\s cure ( 8 m5tal affliction4 ,9 :atev] way t cure may h be5 tempor>ily effect$1 ,tasso1 aft] m ?an sev5 ye>s' conf9em5t1 0 lib]at$ 9 #aehf1 at ! special int]cession ( ! pr9ce ( ,mantua4 ,alfonso refus$ to all[ him an audi5ce1 & he left ,f]r>a l a transport releas$ f prison1 to g into p]petual bani%m5t2 = ! duke rema9$ inexorable1 &1 inde$1 implacable1 to ! end ( 8 victim's life4 ,= a :ile ,tasso enjoy$ ! sudd5 transition1 aga9 be+ lodg$ 9 ! palace ( ,mantua1 f>+ sumptu\sly1 & be+ admitt$ to ! high1 amiable1 & intellectual society ( nobles1 ladies1 & s*ol>s4 ,?is pleasant season 0 n1 h[ev]1 )\t relapses ( 8 fe>ful disease3 ! evil _s came ^u him at times1 & all ! en*antm5t ( 8 h>p c\ld n drive x away4 ,dur+ sev]al ye>s aft]w>ds1 ! poet w&]$ ab\t1 z 8 fa!r _h done1 f city to city1 & f c\rt to c\rt1 exp]i5c+ all ! vicissitudes ( :at is call$ =tune1 b :i*1 9 8 case1 appe>s to h be5 ! lot :i* he *ose & cut out = himself4 ,pr9ces 7 ev] ready to op5 _! doors to him1 & :]ev] he 0 kn[n1 he 0 hon\r$ accord+ to ! reputation :i* he _h s pa9fully b unpr(itably acquir$2 8 patrons hav+ only af=d$ him hospitality :ile he abode ) !m1 & booksell]s hav+ be5 enri*$ at 8 exp5se by ! spoils ( 8 g5ius1 9 a c\ntry :]e ! prop]ty ( lit]>y m5 9 _! own works 0 little ackn[l$g$ & less respect$4 ,8 controv]sy ) ! ,della ,cruscan academy dur+ 8 imprisonm5t1 ! memb]s ( :i* _h invidi\sly prejudic$ ! public m9d aga9/ him1 ! liv+1 :om _! fav\r might h b5efit$1 by exalt+ ,ario/o1 ! dead1 :om _! pref]5ce c\ld n s]ve1--:ile x griev\sly gall$ him1 r t5d$ to spread ! k1 &1 necess>ily ) t k1 ! fame ( 8 ,g]usalemme1 ?an p]man5tly to injure 8 fair fame4 ,b he himself1 f scruples ( consci5ce & infirmity ( m9d1 became dissatisfi$ ) x1 & employ$ no small portion ( 8 brief rema9+ life 9 remodell+ x1 "u ! title ( ,g]usalemme ,conqui/ata1--a s*eme 9 :i* he utt]ly misc>ri$4 ,8 la/ great poetical attempt1 & wor?y ( him 9 8 palmy /ate1 0 a "w on ! creation1 entitl$ ! ,sette ,giornate 7! ,sev5 ,days71 :i* he left unf9i%$4 ,x 0 compos$ 9 v]si scidti1 :i* ne>ly correspond to ,engli% blank v]se4 ,!re are _m passages 9 ?is magnific5t fragm5t1 :i* 7 evid5tly s famili> to ,milton's m9d1 t he fell into ! same tra9s ( ?\ght1 & imitat$ !m 9 ! /yle peculi> to himself1 repay+ z mu* z he borr[$1 /eal+ & giv+ od\rs4 ,tasso1 soon tir+ ( ,mantua1 & ev5 langui%+ = ,f]r>a1 ?\gh nev] p]mitt$ to return ?i!r1 wore away ! residue ( 8 desultory life1 pr9cipally at ,b]gamo1 ,flor5ce1 ,rome1 & ,naples4 ,9 ! latt] city 78 si/] be+ dead71 :5 x 0 too late = him to enjoy ! possession ( x1 he recov]$ 8 "m's long-disput$ d[ry1 or su* a portion ( x z1 at an e>li] p]iod1 might h r5d]$ him indep5d5t ( ^? eleemosyn>y supplies f prec>i\s h&s1 on :i* he g5]ally subsi/$4 ,ab\t ! same "t ! pope also settl$ a p5sion ^u him1 & cons5t$ to all[ him ! hon\r ( a coronation1 su* z _h be5 grant$ to ,petr>*1 two c5turies be=e4 ,b weal? & hon\r1 su* z mortal h&s c\ld conf] or )hold at pleasure1 came too late = him4 ,9 8 latt] ye>s1 too1 he became acqua9t$ ) ,manso1 m>quis ( ,villa1 8 la/ patron1 & 8 fir/ biograph]2 kn[n 9 ?is c\ntry z1 9 8 old age1 befri5d+ our ,milton1 !n a y\?1 on 8 travels 9 ,italy1 z1 9 8 own y\?1 he _h befri5d$ ,tasso s9k+ to ! grave "u premature decay4 ,"o ( ! mo/ rem>kable circum/ances ( ! la/ days ( ,tasso 0 ! imag9ation1 t he 0 occasionally visit$ by a _s--n ! mis*iev\s ,rob9-good-fell[ ( 8 prison1 b a be+ ( f> high] dignity1 ) :om1 alone or 9 company1 he c\ld hold sublime & pret]natural disc\rse1 ?\gh ( ! two int]locutors none pres5t c\ld see or he> m ?an ! poet himself1 rapt into ec/asy1 & utt]+ language & s5tim5ts wor?y ( "o :o1 ) 8 bodily1 yet m>vell\sly enlight5$ eyes & purg$ e>s1 c\ld di/+ui% ! pres5ce & ! voice ( 8 my/]i\s visitant4 ,manso gives a /range acc\nt ( su* an int]view1 :5 he himself /ood by1 yet p]ceiv$ no?+ b ! half-"p :i* ! poet act$ 9 ! sc5e4 ,"o day1 says ! m>quis1 z we 7 sitt+ alone by ! fire1 he turn$ 8 eyes t[>ds ! w9d[1 & held !m a long "t s int5sely fix$1 t :5 ,i call$ him he did n answ]4 ,at la/1 ',lo6' said he1 ! c\rte\s _s1 :i* has come to talk ) me2 lift up y\r eyes & y %all see ! tru?4' ,i turn$ my eyes ?i!r imm$iately2 b ?\gh ,i look$ z ke5ly z ,i c\ld ,i beheld no?+ b ! rays ( ! sun1 :i* /ream$ ?r\gh ! w9d[-panes into ! *amb]4 ,mean:ile ,torquato began to hold1 ) ?is unkn[n be+1 a mo/ l(ty conv]se4 ,i he>d1 inde$1 & saw no?+ b himself2 nev]!less 8 words1 at "o "t que/ion+1 & at ano!r reply+1 7 su* z take place betwe5 ^? :o reason closely on "s important subject4 99 99 99 99 ,_! disc\rse 0 m>vell\sly conduct$1 bo? 9 ! sublimity ( ! topics1 & a c]ta9 unwont$ mann] ( talk+1 t exalt$ myself into an ec/asy2 s t ,i did n d>e to int]rupt ,torquato ab\t ! _s :i* he _h ann\nc$ to me1 b :i* ,i c\ld n see4 ,9 ?is way1 :ile ,i li/5$ betwe5 transport & /upefaction1 a consid]able "t elaps$2 at l5g? ! _s dep>t$1 z ,i le>n$ f ! words ( ,torquato1 :o1 turn+ to me1 said1 ',f ?is day =w>d1 all y\r d\bts w be remov$4'--',r1' ,i repli$1 '!y are increas$2 = ?\gh ,i h he>d _m wond]ful ?+s1 ,i h se5 no?+ to dispel my d\bts4' ,he smil$1 & said1 ',y h se5 & he>d m ( him ?an p]haps--' "h he broke (f1 & ,i1 unwill+ to tr\ble him1 =bore to ask fur!r que/ions2 z x 0 m likely t 8 visions & fr5zies w\ld disord] my own m9d1 ?an t ,i %\ld extirpate 8 true or imag9>y op9ion4 ,?r\gh\t ! ye> #aeid ! poet 0 s manife/ly break+ d[n1 bo? 9 8 bodily & m5tal faculties1 t 8 e>ly dissolution 0 anticipat$ by all 8 fri5ds4 ,he arriv$ at ,rome on ! #aj? ( ,novemb]2 :5 on be+ introduc$ to ! pope1 8 hol9ess1 9 ! mo/ condesc5d+ t]ms1 told him t he int5d$ to be/[ ^u him ! cr[n ( laurel1 t f him x might receive z mu* hon\r z1 9 times pa/1 x _h conf]r$ on o!rs4 ,! w9t] prov+ v tempe/u\s1 ! c]emonial 0 def]r$ till ! succe$+ spr+4 ,z ! "t approa*$ :5 all 8 dreams ( ambition 7 to be ?us consummat$1 ,tasso droop$ daily bo? 9 spirits & 9 /r5g?1 s t f ! #aj? ( ,april1 :5 he 0 seiz$ ) viol5t fev]1 no hope c\ld be ent]ta9$ ( pres]v+ 8 life4 ,be+ in=m$ ( 8 dang]1 he ?ank$ ! physician = communicat+ tid+s s welcome4 ,in/ead1 !n1 ( ! va9 glories ( coronation 9 ?is _w1 he set himself to prep>e1 accord+ to 8 religi\s views1 = 8 la/ *ange to t et]nal /ate1 :]e no?+ c\ld avail him b to h f\nd t m]cy1 :i* is ! only hope ( s9ful man beyond ! grave4 ,on ! #be? ( ,april he quietly expir$1 ) ! words ^u 8 lips 7( :i* ! la/ 7 inaudible71 ,into ?y h&s1 ,o ,"l6 ,i comm5d my _s4 ,he 0 ag$ fifty-"o ye>s4 ,! p]sonal & poetical "* ( ,tasso are s /rik+ly betok5$ 9 ! incid5ts ( 8 life1 t1 9 a memoir1 necess>ily s circumscrib$ z ! pres5t1 no fur!r rem>k on ei!r ne$ be introduc$ "h4 ,to ent] into a critical exam9ation ( 8 writ+s1 :i* %\ld at all d ju/ice to _! ext5t1 _! div]sity & _! excell5ce1 ( v>i\s k9ds :e!r 9 prose or v]se1 w\ld require a di/9ct essay1 equal 9 l5g? to ! :ole ( ?is article4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is little to be regrett$1 =1 ( all ! ,italian poets1 ,tasso is ! be/ kn[n 9 our c\ntry2 inde$1 he has be5 almo/ naturalis$1 = 8 greate/ "w has be5 (t5] translat$ ?an any o!r cont95tal poem1--s t ! /yle1 ! /ory1 ! s5tim5ts1 ! actors1 ! sc5es1 ! :ole fable1 ) all its embelli%m5ts & adjuncts1 are bett] kn[n to g5]al read]s ?an ^? ( ! ,fa]ie ,que5e1 &1 p]haps1 x may be said1 ?an ^? ( ,p>adise ,lo/ itself1 except among t fit audi5ce1 :i*1 ?\gh few1 ,sp5s] & ,milton mu/ = ev] f9d1 :ile ,engli% poetry holds its place--& t ! highe/1 hi!rto--9 ! lit]ature ( ,*ri/5dom4 ,besides sev]al inf]ior v]sions1 ^? ( ! ,j]usalem ,deliv]$1 by ,fairfax1 ,hoole1 ,hunt1 & ,wiff91 h ea* "s peculi> m]it1 ?\gh x mu/ be confess$1 t1 9 ea*1 s f> z reg>ds ! diction1 t peculi> m]it belongs r to ! translation ?an to ! au?or1 ! grace & h>mony ( ^: v]se1 unsurpass$ 9 8 own language1 is absolutely unapproa*able 9 ours4 ,fairfax's v]sion1 9 ! orig9al /anza1 is mascul9e & free2 ,hoole's1 9 ! h]oic c\plet1 is easy & commonplace1 b z a m]e ent]ta9+ tale1 ! mo/ readable ( ! f\r2 ,hunt's1 9 ! same measure1 may lay great claim to indulg5ce = any defect 9 vig\r1 on ! score ( ! classic ta/e & le>n+ :i* x displays4 ,wiff9's is unque/ionably ! be/2 & x is 8 own fault t x is n z good z any reasonable judge c\ld desire a translation ( ,tasso to be3 b1 hav+ *os5 to hamp] himself1 & to encumb] 8 au?or1 ) ! intricate /anza ( ,sp5s]1 conta9+ an extra-,alex&r9e l9e beyond ! ,italian octave1 he has be5 compell$ to amplify 8 orig9al "o eigh?1 :i* mu/ d$uct at lea/ 9 ! same proportion f ! compactness1 precision1 & symmetry ( e correspond+ section4 ,h[ c\ld a ma/] ( v]sification l ,mr4 ,wiff91 himself a g5u9e poet1 *oose to run su* a race1 c>ry+ su* a weight8 ,he has won x1 nev]!less1 ?\gh n 9 ! /yle t might h be5 wi%$2 yet he t %all h]eaft] beat him mu/ be a rival1 :o1 beyond ! ,alps1 w\ld h be5 a wor?y competitor ) ,tasso himself1 _h !y be5 c\ntrym5 & contempor>ies4 ,footnote #cg3 ,! translation is f ,dr4 ,black's valuable ,life ( ,tasso1 f :i* o!r occasional quotations may be h]eaft] made1 ) ?is brief b grateful ackn[l$gm5t4 ,footnote #ch3 ,see note1 page #aag4 ,footnote #ci3 ,x is curi\s & provok+ to obs]ve 9 h[ mom5t>y & contemptible a circum/ance orig9at$ ?is endur+ injury to ! reputation ( "o ( ! greate/ poets by "o ( ! greate/ critics4 ,9 a note to ! clause 9 ,satire ,,ix41 ,boileau says1 ,un homme de qualit fit un j\r ce beau jugem5t en ma prs5ce4 ,s1 because a fool ( quality 7un sot de qualit1 z he words x 9 ! v]se7 once happ5$ to say1 9 ! he>+ ( a wit1 t he pref]r$ ! ,g]usalemme to ! neid1 all ,europe has be5 made to r+ f side to side1 = a c5tury & a half1 ) ! cl9quant ( ,tasso aga9/ ! gold ( ,virgil4 ,footnote #dj3 ,milton1 9 ! context1 has manife/ly imitat$ bo? ,tasso & ,fairfax2--,tasso 9 ! description ( ! angel's desc5t1 & ,fairfax 9 ! lively circum/ance "h quot$1 & :i* is n 9 ! orig9al3-- ,on ,libanon at fir/ 8 foot he set1 ,& %ook 8 w+s1 ) rory ,may dews wet4 ,! fragrance is ,milton's own2 & "h we h ! process ( "o ?\ght1 c>ri$ onw>d by ?ree poets1 to consummate beauty & p]fection 9 ! la/4 ,footnote #da3 ,well might ,coll9s1 a k9dr$ _s1 bo? 9 8 p[]s ( song & 9 8 moody madness1 ?us celebrate ! great ,italian1 ^: ,godfrey ( ,bulloigne he only knew ?r\gh ,fairfax's translation3-- ----,9 sc5es1 :i*1 d>+ to dep>t ,f sob] tru?1 are /ill to nature true1 ,& call =? fre% delight to fancy's view1 ,! h]oic muse employ'd h] ,tasso's art4 ,h[ h ,i trembl$ :51 at ,tancr$'s /roke1 ,its gu%+ blood ! gap+ cypress p\r'd2 ,:5 ea* live plant ) mortal acc5ts spoke1 ,& ! wild bla/ upheav$ ! vani%'d sword2 ,h[ h ,i sat1 :5 pip$ ! p5sive w9d1 ,to he> 8 h>p by ,briti% ,fairfax /rung6 ,prevail+ poet6 ^: und\bt+ m9d ,believ$ ! magic wond]s :i* he sung4 ,ode on ! ,highl& ,sup]/itions4 ,,*iabr]a #aeeb-afcg4 ,gabbriello ,*iabr]a 0 born at ,savona1 a t[n on ! sea-%ore1 n f> f ,g5oa1 on ! #h? ( ,june1 #aeeb4 ,he 0 born fifte5 days aft] 8 fa!r's dea?1 & 8 "m1 ,gironima ,murasana1 be+ "y :5 %e 0 left a wid[1 m>ri$ aga92 :i* circum/ance caus$ ,*iabr]a to be br\ght up by an uncle & aunt1 bro!r & si/] to 8 fa!r1 :o 7 bo? unm>ri$4 ,at ! age ( n9e1 8 uncle1 :o resid$ at ,rome1 took him ?i!r1 & gave him a private tutor1 :o taught him ,lat94 ,he 0 twice dur+ *ildhood assail$ by dang]\s fev]s1 :i* left him s weak & spiritless1 t 8 uncle plac$ him at ! ,jesuits' college1 t he might rega9 vig\r & hil>ity 9 ! company ( boys ( 8 own age4 ,! exp]im5t succe$$1 & ,*iabr]a became robu/ & heal?y to ! end ( 8 long life4 ,dur+ 8 juv5ile ye>s1 8 application1 memory1 & /udi\s habits attract$ ! applause ( 8 in/ructors2 & ! ,jesuits 7 desir\s ( induc+ him to become "o ( !m4 ,! y\? %[$ no dis9cl9ation2 b 8 uncle wat*$ ov] him1 & prev5t$ t sacrifice ( lib]ty & indep5d5ce1 :i* w\ld h r5d]$ him mis]able ?r\gh life4 ,:5 he 0 tw5ty ?is good uncle di$2 b he _h emancipat$ himself f monki% influ5ce1 & aft] pay+ 8 relations at ,savona a %ort visit1 he return$ aga9 to ,rome1 :]e com+ accid5tally into contact ) ! c>d9al ,com>o ,cam]l+o1 he ent]$ 8 s]vice1 9 :i* he rema9$ "s ye>s4 ,8 resid5ce at ,rome1 h[ev]1 came to a disa/r\s t]m9ation3 he 0 insult$ by a ,roman g5tleman1 & be+ =c$ by ! laws ( hon\r to av5ge himself1 ! consequ5ces oblig$ him to quit ! city2 nor 0 he p]mitt$ to return till eight ye>s aft]4 ,he n[ took up 8 abode 9 8 native t[n1 & grew to love ! leisure & indep5d5ce ( 8 life4 ,at "o "t 8 tranquillity 0 di/urb$ by ano!r qu>rel1 9 :i* he 0 w\nd$2 b ) 8 own h&1 z he tells u1 took 8 rev5ge4 ,he 0 =c$1 on ?is1 to abs5t himself f ,savona2 & rema9$1 z x 71 outlaw$ = sev]al mon?s1 :5 at la/ a reconciliation be+ br\ght ab\t1 he return$ & enjoy$ _m ye>s ( complete tranquillity4 ,*iabr]a _h be5 born ri*1 b he 0 neglig5t ( 8 affairs1 s t at la/ 8 =tune 0 r$uc$ to a m]e compet5ce2 & ?is 0 at "o "t ev5 endang]$ by a lawsuit at ,rome1 all 8 prop]ty !re be+ confiscat$2 b x 0 return$ to him1 ?r\gh ! int]v5tion ( c>d9al ,aldobr&9i4 ,at ! age ( fifty he m>ri$1 b _h no *ildr54 ,) ! few int]ruptions above record$1 he pass$ a life ( peaceful leisure1 cont5t ) 8 =tunes1 hon\r$ & e/eem$ by e body1 & r5d]$ happy by ! ex]cise ( 8 tal5ts & imag9ation4 ,:ile at ,rome 9 8 e>ly life1 he _h cultivat$ ! fri5d%ip ( lit]>y m52 & dur+ 8 leisure1 on 8 return to ,savona1 he occupi$ himself by read+ poetry z a recreation4 ,8 own g5ius develop$ itself z he /udi$ ! productions ( o!rs4 ,! ,greek poets p>ticul>ly delight$ him2 & p]ceiv+ h[ mu* !y excell$ all o!r writ]s1 he made !m 8 /udy1 till1 8 emulation be+ awak5$1 he wrote "s odes 9 imitation ( ,p9d>3 ^! be+ mu* admir$1 he 0 enc\rag$ to cont9ue1 /ill mak+ ! ,greek lyrical poets 8 models1 ?\gh he did n conf9e 8 admiration to !m only4 ,hom] he pref]r$ to all o!r writ]s2 he 0 *>m$ by ! v]sification & imag]y ( ,virgil2 & appreciat$ 9 ,dante & ,ario/o1 ! p[] :i* !y possess$ ( felicit\sly describ+ & repres5t+ ! objects :i* !y desire to br+ be=e _! read]s4#db ,*iabr]a _h ! ambition ( =m+ a new /yle2 z he express$ x1 he meant to foll[ ! example ( 8 c\ntryman1 ,columbus1 & to f9d a new _w1 or be wreck$ 9 ! attempt4 ,8 wi% 01 to transfuse ! _s ( ! ,greeks into ! ,italian language4 ,he p]ceiv$ t ! fault common to ! poets ( 8 day1 0 a c]ta9 c[>dice ( /yle1 & an ob$i5ce to arbitr>y laws1 :i* limit$ & *ill$ ! poetic f]v\r4 ,he %ook (f ^! trammels1 & adopt$ e possible mode ( v]sification1 & ev5 b5t ! dialect ( ,petr>* & ,tasso to new & unkn[n =ms ( expression4 ,he 0 no lov] ( rhyme1 pref]r+ to x a maje/ic h>mony 9 ! arrangem5t ( syllables & s\nd1 :i* he f\nd m musical & expressive ?an ! m]e j+le ( a conclud+ ^w4 ,8 /yle ?us became at once novel & exalt$4 ,he adorn$ 8 v]ses ) pomp\s epi!ts & maje/ic turns ( expression3 he 0 h>moni\s & dignifi$1 f]v5t & spirit$4#dc ,z he d$icat$ ne>ly ! :ole ( 8 long life to ! composition ( poetry1 he has left a va/ quantity1 mu* ( :i* has nev] be5 pr9t$1--n>rative poems1 dramas1 odes1 canzoni#dd1 sonnets1 c42 b 8 canzoni1 or lyrics1 f> excel all ! re/4 ,?is results f 8 /yle be+ at once m orig9al & beautiful ?an 8 ideas4 ,we are apt to say1 z we read1 we h se5 ?is be=e1 b nev] s well express$4 ,he does n1 l ,petr>*1 anatomise 8 own feel+s1 & sp5d 8 he>t 9 grief3 ev5 9 8 love poetry1 :ile he compla9s1 he does n lam5t1 & !re is a sort ( laugh+ & vivaci\s grace & a liquid s(tness diffus$ ov] ^! poems 9 p>ticul>1 :i* is inf9itely *>m+4 ,"o ( 8 mo/ celebrat$1 beg9n+-- ,belle rose porpor9e1 is 9 praise ( 8 lady's smile4 ,x is impossible = any ?+ to be m airy & yet he>tfelt--he speaks ( h[ ! e>? is said to laugh1 :51 at ! morn+ h\r1 a rivulet or a breeze w&]s murmur+ amid ! grass1 or a mead[ adorns itself ) fl[]s2--h[ ! sea laughs1 :5 a light zephyr dips its airy feet 9 ! cle> wat]s1 s t ! waves sc>cely play ^u ! s&s2--& h[ ! heav5s smile :5 morn+ comes =?1 amid/ roseate & :ite fl[]s1 adorn$ 9 a gold5 veil1 & mov+ along on sapphire :eels4 ,:5 ! e>? is happy1 he says1 %e laughs2 & ! heav5s laugh :5 !y are gay3 b nei!r c smile s sweetly & gracefully z y4 ,! fl[+ measure1 ! admirable selection & position ( ! words r5d] ?is & o!r simil> poems models ( lyrical composition4 ,a fairy-l col\r+1 & a ?rill+ sweetness1 l ! sc5t ( fl[]s1 inve/ !m1 & r5d] !m peculi> 9 _! a]ial vivacity & spirit$ fl[4 ,^! light] & m animat$ productions h n be5 translat$2 b1 z a specim5 ( 8 m s]i\s /yle1 we select "o ( ! epitaphs or elegiac poems among ^? :i* ,mr4 ,wordswor? has translat$1 ) 8 usual accuracy & =ce ( diction3-- ,!re nev] brea!d a man :o1 :5 8 life ,0 clos+1 might hot ( t life relate ,toils long & h>d4 ,! w>rior w report ,( w\nds1 & bright swords fla%+ 9 ! field1 ,& bla/ ( trumpets4 ,he1 :o ha? be5 doom'd ,to b[ 8 =ehead 9 ! c\rt ( k+s1 ,w tell ( fraud & nev]-ceas+ hate1 ,envy1 & he>t-inquietude1 d]iv$ ,f intricate cabals ( trea*]\s fri5ds4 ,i1 :o on %ipbo>d liv$ f e>lie/ y\?1 ,c\ld repres5t ! c\nt5ance horrible ,( ! vex$ wat]s1 & ! indignant rage ,( ,au/] & ,botes4 ,=ty ye>s ,ov] ! well-/e]'d galleys did ,i rule3 ,f huge ,pelorus to ! ,atlantic pill>s1 ,rises no m\nta9 to m9e eyes unkn[n2 ,& ! broad gulphs ,i trav]s$ (t & (t2 ,( e cl\d :i* 9 ! heav5s might /ir ,i knew ! =ce2 & h5ce ! r\gh sea's pride ,avail'd n to my vessel's ov]?r[4 ,:at noble pomp1 & frequ5t1 h n ,i ,on regal decks beheld6 ,yet 9 ! end ,i le>n t "o poor mom5t c suffice ,to equalise ! l(ty & ! l[4 ,we sail ! sea ( life--a calm "o f9ds1 ,& "o a tempe/--&1 ! voyage o'er1 ,dea? is ! quiet hav5 ( u all4#de ,! tranquil life ( ,*iabr]a 0 agreeably v>i$ by 8 love1 n exactly ( travell+1 b ( visit+ ! v>i\s cities ( ,italy1 & by ! hon\rs paid him by its pr9ces1 9 recomp5ce = 8 poetry1 :i* 0 en?usia/ically admir$ by all 8 c\ntrym54 ,he nev] made any long /ay away f home1 except at ,g5oa & ,flor5ce1 & !re he possess$ fri5ds :o 7 glad to welcome him2 = if he 0 ( an irascible1 he 0 ( a placable disposition1 & ?\gh s]i\s ( aspect1 he 0 gay & good-hum\r$ 9 society4 ,! gr& duke ( ,tuscany1 ,f]d9& ,i41 held him 9 high e/eem1 & employ$ him 9 arrang+ v>i\s dramatic repres5tations on ! m>riage ( ,m>y de' ,m$ici ) ! k+ ( ,france4 ,*>les ,emanuel1 duke ( ,savoy1 made him g5]\s (f]s ( remun]ation1 if he w\ld take up 8 abode at 8 c\rt2 b ,*iabr]a wisely pref]r$ 8 indep5d5ce4 ,x has be5 m5tion$ t he arrang$ ! int]ludes ( a com$y ( ,gu>9i1 :5 x 0 repres5t$ on occasion ( ! m>riage ( ! son ( ! duke ( ,mantua ) a pr9cess ( ,savoy4 ,all ^! pr9ces rew>d$ him ) gifts1 or hon\rs1 :i* he seems to h set a /ill high] value ^u2 lodg+ him 9 _! palaces1 s5d+ _! c>riages = 8 conveyance1 & p]mitt+ him to rema9 cov]$ 9 _! pres5ce4 ,he _h be5 ! intimate fri5d ( c>d9al ,b>b]9i1 & :5 ! latt] 0 creat$ pope1 "u ! "n ( ,urban ,,viii41 ,*iabr]a (t5 visit$ ,rome1 ?\gh he w\ld nev] reside !re2 & ! pope made him prie/ly gifts ( agnus dei & m$allions1 & 9 ! ye> ( ! jubilee wrote him a brief1 or lett] ( complim5t1 simil> to ^? s5t to sov]eign pr9ces & m5 ( ! highe/ rank4 ,*iabr]a 0 always an or?odox ca?olic1 a s9n]1 he expresses x1 b n )\t ,*ri/ian devotion4 ,he _h ,santa ,lucia = 8 advocate1 & dur+ a space ( sixty ye>s1 he nev] fail$ twice a day to devote himself to pi\s ?\ghts1 :i* cont9u$ upp]mo/ 9 8 m9d all 8 life4 ,8 mod]ate desires & temp]ate habits assi/$ to pres]ve him 9 un9t]rupt$ good heal?4 ,he di$ at ! advanc$ age ( eighty-six1 & 0 buri$ 9 8 own *apel 9 ! *ur* ( ,san ,giacomo4 ,footnote #db3 ,vita di se /esso4 ,footnote #dc3 ,muratori4 ,footnote #dd3 ,!re is no ,engli% ^w t gives ! exact idea ( a canzone2 we call su* lyrical poems2 yet 9 ,italian !y =m a class ap>t4 ,footnote #de3 ,p] il ,signor ,giambatti/a ,feo4 ,uomo non 1 *e p]v5uto a morte ,non possa raccont> della sua vita ,lunghi travagli4 ,il cavali] di ,m>te ,dir le piaghe1 e lo spl5dor de' br&i1 ,ed il suon delle trombe3 il condannato1 ,nelle gran ,reggie1 ad in*9> la fronte1 ,de' ,re scettrati1 n>r] le frodi1 ,le lunghe invidie1 ed i s(f]ti affanni ,infra le s*i]e de' bugi>di amici4 ,io1 *e mi vissi 9 su spalmate prore1 ,potrei rappres5t> l' orribil faccia ,del m> irato1 ed i rabbiosi sdegni ,e d',au/ro e di ,bote4 ,anni c9quanta ,comm&ai su gal]e a buon noc*i]i3 ,dal gran ,peloro all' ,atlantei colonne ,non sorge monte a gli oc*i miei non noto1 ,e gli ampj golfi veleggiai pi volte3 ,d' ogni nube1 *e 9 ciel fosse raccolta1 ,seppi la =za1 onde m>9o orgoglio ,a' legni miei non valse f>e oltraggio4 ,*e nobil pompa non mirai sov5te ,su regie poppe8 ,e pure io provo al f9e1 ,*e le disuguaglianze un' ora adegua4 ,tutti quaggiuso navighiamo 9 =se4 ,altri ha tempe/a1 ed altri ha calma1 e poscia ,nel porto della ,morte ognun d fondo4 ,,tassoni #aefe-afce4 ,aless&ro ,tassoni 0 born at ,mod5a1 9 #aefe1 ( a noble & anci5t family4 ,he 0 s un=tunate z to lose bo? p>5ts 9 e>ly *ildhood2 nor _h he any ne> relative to wat* ov] 8 t5d] ye>s & gu>d 8 int]e/s4 ,9 consequ5ce1 sc>cely _h he em]g$ f boyhood1 ?an 8 inh]itance 0 attack$ by lawsuits1 & he 0 involv$ 9 ! mo/ annoy+ /ruggles ) private enemies1 :ile long & pa9ful illnesses unfitt$ him to cope ) ^! evils4 ,/ill a love ( k rose above ! multipli$ disa/]s t beset him1 & f 8 e>lie/ ye>s he 0 a /ud5t4 ,he le>nt ! ,greek & ,lat9 languages "u ,lazz>o ,labad9i1 a le>n$ & wor?y man1 b some:at ( ! ,dom9ie ,sampson species3 simple-he>t$ & ab/ract$1 he 0 expos$ to ridicul\s mi/akes2 & 8 pupil records 9 8 celebrat$ poem1 h[1 :5 a s]vant in=m$ him ( ! dea? ( a c[1 he s5t to ! apo!c>y's %op = drugs to cure h]4#df ,:ile yet "u ?is ma/]'s tuition1 he wrote a ,lat9 poem nam$ ,errico1 :i* display$ an extraord9>y smoo?ness ( v]sification & comm& ( language4 ,at ! age ( eighte5 he took ! degree ( doctor ( laws1 & 9 #aehe he ent]$ ! univ]sity ( ,bologna1 :]e he cont9u$ five ye>s1 apply+ himself to philosophy1 "u ! mo/ celebrat$ ma/]s4 ,he aft]w>ds /udi$ jurisprud5ce at ,f]r>a1 & acquir$ a reputation = 8 le>n+ & critical acum54 ,x 0 n till pa/ ?irty ye>s ( age t he appe>s to h s]i\sly ent]$ on ! task ( bett]+ 8 mod]ate =tunes4 ,sid5ote3 #aeig4 tat4 #cb4 ,he visit$ ,rome1 & ent]$ ! s]vice ( c>d9al ,colonna4 ,he accompani$ 8 patron to ,spa91 & two ye>s aft] 0 s5t by him to ,rome1 to obta9 p]mission f pope ,clem5t ,,viii4 to accept ! vic]oyalty ( ,aragon4 ,succe$+ 9 8 mission1 ,tassoni return$ to ! c>d9al4 ,x 0 dur+ ^! j\rneys t he amus$ himself by compos+ 8 ,consid]ations on ,petr>*1 :i* aft]w>ds occasion$ s mu* controv]sy4 ,! c>d9al s5t him aga9 to ,rome to manage 8 affairs !re2 b a few ye>s aft]1 = "s reason1 ) :i* we are unacqua9t$1 ,tassoni quitt$ 8 s]vice4 ,re/or$ to indep5d5ce1 he visit$ ,naples1 & !n took up 8 abode at ,rome4 ,he n[ publi%$ 8 ,consid]ations on ,petr>*1 & 8 ,?\ghts on v>i\s ,subjects1 :i* expos$ him to ! attacks ( ! lit]ati ( ,italy4 ,tassoni 0 ( a bold & orig9al turn ( m9d2 he hat$ lit]>y prejudices1 & lov$ to set himself aga9/ receiv$ op9ions1 m]ely because !y 7 support$ by ! great] numb]4 ,?us he attack$ ,hom]1 ,ari/otle1 & ,petr>*4 ,he 0 s+ul>ly acute 9 discov]+ m9or defects1 & 8 s>ca/ic & witty tal5t r5d]$ 8 criticisms d\bly poignant4 ,he 0 attack$ = 8 publications & he repli$ ) a mixture ( hum\r & bitt]ness peculi>ly gall+4 ,he _h ?us become well kn[n 9 ,italy1 :5 8 reputation 0 rais$ to its highe/ p9nacle by ! ,sec*ia ,rapita1 or ,/ol5 ,bucket1 a s]io-comic or mock-h]oic poem1 ! fir/ ( ! k9d t _h appe>$4 ,a "w ( ?is nature is adapt$ only to ! v region 9 :i* x is compos$2 & ev5 !n1 !re are c]ta9 m9ds :i* nev] reli% trave/i4 ,h[ mu* m is ,hudibras spok5 ( ?an read1 & to h[ _m1 except 9 select & peculi> passages1 does x prove heavy & t$i\s4 ,to an ,engli% read] ! ,sec*ia ,rapita mu/ appe> greatly inf]ior to ! "w ( ,butl]2 x is co>s] & m long-w9d$2 besides t ! rhymes1 ! wr5*+ & trans=mation ( language1 ! vulg>isms & idioms fall coldly on ! e>s ( ^?1 :o h n be5 habituat$ f infancy to _! use or abuse4 ,! ,sec*ia ,rapita is f\nd$ on ^? petty w>s betwe5 two t[ns1 s common 9 ,italy 9 ! #ad? & #ae? c5turies4 ,! p ( ,mod5a _h1 9 #acbe1 discomfit$ ! ,bolognese at ,zoppol9o1 & ! vanqui%$ fl$ ) su* precipitation1 t _! pursu]s ent]$ _! t[n ) !m4 ,! ,mod5ese 7 driv5 out aga91 b c>ri$ (f1 z tok5 ( _! triumph1 ! bucket belong+ to ! public well ( ! city4 ,! ,bolognese made an exp$ition to recov] x1 & ?is =ms ! basis ( ! poem4 ,! plebeian names ( ! unwa%$ artific]s :o compose ! sev]al armies1 _! ridicul\s proce$+s1 _! combats1 mock+ ^? ( belt$ knights1 are all inf9itely reli%$ by ! ,italians4 ,tassoni is prais$ also = ! v>i\s fancy he displays 9 individualis+ ! combatants1 _! combats1 & ! modes by :i* !y die1 z well z = ! dignity ) :i* he inve/s ! really noble p]sonages :o take a "p 9 ! w>f>e4 ,!re are episodes also1 "s m dignifi$1 o!rs m burlesque ev5 ?an ! ma9 subject ( ! poem2 ! gods & goddesses take "p1 & ! k+s ( ,naples & ,savoy are br\ght 9 on ei!r side4 ,! *ief satire ( ! poem falls on an un=tunate c\nt di ,culagna1 "u :i* "n ,tassoni held up to ridicule c\nt ,paolo ,brusant9i1 a noble ( ,f]r>a1 :o _h provok$ him by in/igat+ a viol5t & infam\s attack on "o ( 8 works4 ,tassoni 0 unable to av5ge himself op5ly1 z ,brusant9i 0 a fav\rite ( 8 pr9ce1 b v[$ future v5geance1 & writ+ to a fri5d he exclaims1 ,if ,god l5ds me life1 he %all le>n1 9 "o way or ano!r1 t he has furni%$ a "w to ! devil4 ,! c\nt di ,culagna falls 9 love ) ! ,amazon ( ! poem1 & resolves to poison 8 wife3 he makes a confidant ( "o ,titta1 a ,romagnole1 a c\rti] ( ! papal c\rt1 :o 0 9 fact ! lov] ( ! c\ntess1 & betrays to h] ! murd]\s design4 ,! lady accord+ly deceives h] husb&1 *anges h] s\p plate ) him1 & !n flies to ! t5t ( ,titta4 ,! c\nt's physician1 h[ev]1 :o _h be5 appli$ to = poison1 has only furni%$ physic1 & ,culagna recov]s4 ,he he>s ( ! infidelity ( 8 wife1 & defies ,titta to mortal combat4 ,titta is n brave1 b ,culagna is trebly a c[>d4 ,:5 8 *all5ge is accept$1 he takes to 8 b$1 makes 8 w1 & decl>es t he is go+ to die4 ,8 fri5ds _c inspire him ) any val\r1 b 8 doctor1 by adm9i/]+ ?ree or f\r l>ge cups ( w9e1 imp>ts ! necess>y c\rage4 ,! oppon5ts meet2 ,titta's spe> /rikes ! ?roat & *e/ ( ! c\nt1 :o falls to ! gr\nd1 & is c>ri$ to 8 t5t1 to b$1 :ile ,titta exults 9 8 ov]?r[ & dea?4 ,! surgeon visits ,culagna's w\nd2 b1 to ! surprise ( all1 ! sk9 ev5 is n scrat*$3 ,yet ,i saw some?+ r$1 cries ! c\nt1 x 0 assur$ly my blood6 ,on ?is !y exam9e him ) m att5tion1 & discov] a r$ rib& hang+ f 8 ?roat to 8 girdle4 ,! bl[ ( ,titta disord]+ 8 dress1 _h expos$ ?is un=tunate silk ( sangu9e\s hue to ! eyes ( ! fright5$ combatant1 :o at once believ$ t he _h receiv$ a mortal w\nd4 ,n[1 p]ceiv+ h[ he _h be5 deceiv$1 ! c\nt ?ank$ ,god mo/ f]v5tly1 &1 9 8 artless1 pi\s gratitude1 p>don$ 8 fri5d & 8 wife all ! injuries !y _h done him4 ,su* is ! outl9e ( ! pr9cipal episode ( ! ,sec*ia ,rapita1 :i* concludes by a peace br\ght ab\t by ! pope's legate2 ! bucket rema9+1 h[ev]1 ) ! ,mod5ese2 & !re x probably is to ?is day4 ,goldoni saw x1 9 #agcj1 susp5d$ by an iron *a9 f ! belfry ( ! ca!dral4 ,?is poem 0 hail$ ) rapture1 ev5 9 manuscript3 = "s "t1 inde$1 x 0 only kn[n ?us1 & num]\s copies 7 made at ! price ( eight cr[ns ea*4 ,z ,tassoni _h n sp>$ 8 c\ntrym5 or 8 contempor>ies1 great ob/acles 7 ?r[n 9 ! way ( its publication2 & ev5 :5 pr9t$ at ,v5ice & ,padua1 no edition 0 really on sale till #afbb1 :5 x 0 publi%$ at ,p>is1 "u ! inspection ( ,m>9i4 ,tassoni's sl5d] =tunes mean:ile did n p]mit him to pres]ve 8 indep5d5ce3 he accept$ ! (f]s ( ,*>les ,emanuel1 duke ( ,savoy2 b sc>cely _h he ent]$ on 8 new s]vice1 ?an a s]ies ( p]secutions 0 comm5c$ aga9/ him1 :i* end$ by 8 tak+ refuge 9 private life4 ,sid5ote3 #afbe4 tat4 #ej4 ,aga9 free f all slav]y1 disgu/$ by ! incon/ancy ( m5 & ! intrigues ( c\rts1 he took up 8 abode at ,rome1 :]e he _h a h\se & v9ey>d1 giv+ himself up to ! enjoym5t ( solitude & /udy1 & d]iv+ 8 *ief pleasure f hunt+ & ! cultivation ( fl[]s4 ,/ill he 0 n :olly wean$ f ! _w1 nor cont5t to be neglect$3 he said t he rem9d$ himself ( ,fabricius expect+ ! dictator%ip2 & to foll[ up ?is truly mock-h]oic similitude1 he accept$ ! (f] ( c>d9al ,ludovisio1 nephew ( pope ,gregory ,,xv41 & ent]$ 8 s]vice1 9 :i* he rema9$ till 8 patron's dea?4 ,he aft]w>ds return$ to 8 native t[n1 & be+ tak5 into fav\r by its reign+ pr9ce1 he pass$ ! remnant ( 8 life prosp]\sly1 "u ! %ad[ ( t fame1 :i* 8 works1 8 ardu\s /udies1 & great tal5ts caus$ to ga!r ?ick ar\nd him4 ,aft] a few ye>s sp5t 9 peace & hon\r1 he di$ on ! #e? ( ,april1 #afce1 9 ! sev5ty-fir/ ye> ( 8 age4 ,footnote #df3 ,la dove il ,labad91 p]sona accorta1 ,fe' il bev]one alla sua vacca morta4 ,,m>9i #aefi-afbe4 ,giambatti/a ,m>9i 0 born at ,naples on ! #ah? ( ,octob]1 #aefi4 ,8 fa!r1 a celebrat$ jurisconsult1 0 desir\s ( br++ up 8 son to ! same pr(ession2 b ! y\? felt an unconqu]able di/a/e to ! c>e] ( ! law4 ,m>9i possess$ a f]vid & lively imag9ation1 & a facility 9 ! composition ( poetry :i* det]m9$1 )\t a "q1 8 de/9y 9 life4 ,!re are _m poets ev51 we may say1 ( a high] class ?an ,m>9i--_m m sublime1 m e>ne/1 m pa!tic--b1 9 8 degree1 ,m>9i is a g5u9e poet1 & gave himself up ) confid5ce & ard\r to ! pursuit ( t fame ( :i* he reap$ s l>ge a h>ve/4 ,8 fa!r1 angry at 8 resi/ance to 8 wi%es1 0 d\bly indignant :5 he gave op5 te/imony ( 8 new c>e]1 & actually publi%$ a volume ( poetry3 he turn$ him f 8 h\se1 & refus$ to supply him ) ! necess>ies ( life4 ,b ,m>9i 0 born "u a m =tunate /> ?an usually smiles ^u m5 :o give !mselves to ! f]v5t aspirations ( g5ius4 ,amiable & g5]\s z he 01 he did n possess t /]n indep5d5ce ( disposition1 nor t self-engross$ int5sity ( feel+1 :i* (t5 r5d] poets an intractable race4 ,sev]al noblem5 /epp$ =w>d to assi/ & patronise ! "y adv5tur] 9 ! groves ( ,p>nassus4 ,sid5ote3 #aehi4 tat4 #bj4 ,! duke ( ,bov9o1 ! pr9ce ( ,conca1 & ! m>quess ( ,manso1 ! fri5d ( ,tasso1 (f]$ him protection & %elt]4 ,he became acqua9t$ ) ,tasso1 :o enc\rag$ him to pursue 8 poetic c>e]2 & he publi%$ 8 ,canzoni de' ,baci1 :i* acquir$ = him a great reputation4 ,he 0 conc]n$ 9 "s y\?ful scrapes2 & hav+ assi/$ a fri5d to escape1 :o _h be5 imprison$ on acc\nt ( a love adv5ture1 he 0 himself ?r[n into a prison4 ,he amus$ himself !re by writ+ gay & light-he>t$ v]ses2 b soon aft] he escap$ f conf9em5t1 & fl$ to ,rome1 :]e he took up 8 abode ) monsignore ,cresc5zi4 ,) him he visit$ ,v5ice1 b return$ to ,rome aft] a %ort abs5ce1 & ent]$ ! s]vice ( c>d9al ,aldobr&9i4 ,at ,v5ice he publi%$ a volume ( lyrical poetry1 :i* e/abli%$ 8 fame4 ,m>9i 0 always a popul> man1 & belov$ & e/eem$ by 8 fri5ds4 ,:5 ,paul ,v4 0 creat$ pope1 8 patron1 c>d9al ,aldobr&9i1 0 s5t z legate to ,rav5na1 & ,m>9i accompani$ him4 ,he frequ5tly visit$ ,v5ice & ,bologna1 & =m$ intimacies ) ! m5 ( reputation & tal5t resid+ 9 ^? cities4 ,he 0 devot$ to ! cultivation ( poetry2 & "h he fir/ conceiv$ ! idea ( ! ,adone4 ,he accompani$ ! c>d9al to ,tur91 :]e ,*>les ,emanuel1 duke ( ,savoy1 receiv$ him at 8 c\rt ) ! mo/ flatt]+ m>ks ( di/9ction4 ,m>9i repaid him by a panegyric1 :i* he call$ ,il ,ritratto or ! ,portrait1 & 0 rew>d$ by ! gift ( a gold *a91 & made cavali] ( ! ord] ( ,sa9ts ,maurice & ,laz>us4 ,:5 c>d9al ,aldobr&9i return$ to ,rav5na1 ! poet 0 invit$ to rema9 at ! ,pi$montese c\rt2 &1 ) ! cons5t ( 8 =m] patron1 he accept$ ! (f]4 ,m>9i's life 0 *iefly div]sifi$ by lit]>y qu>rels1 9 :i* he came (f ) 8 usual good =tune4 ,he _h already su/a9$ sev]al skirmi%es ) v>i\s au?ors1 :5 ! mo/ deadly w> 0 decl>$ aga9/ him by ,gasp>o ,murtola1 a ,g5oese1 & secret>y to ! duke4 ,he believ$ himself to be ! fir/ poet ( ! age1 & 0 indignant at ! fav\r %[n to ,m>9i4 ,he levell$ an attack ( epigrams & satirical sonnets aga9/ him1 :i* ,m>9i answ]$1 & 0 consid]$ to h ! be/ ( ! battle3 !y publi%$ ^! collectively aft]w>ds1 "u ! title ( ! ,murtoleide & ! ,m>9eide3 b ,murtola1 /ill m angry at ! advantages ga9$ by 8 adv]s>y 9 ?is pap] ho/ility1 took a m injuri\s mode ( %[+ 8 enmity3 he %ot at him z he 0 walk+ 9 ! public squ>e1 b1 miss+ 8 aim1 w\nd$ a fav\rite ( ! duke :o 0 ) him4 ,murtola 0 ?r[n into prison1 & condemn$ to dea?4 ,m>9i g5]\sly int]c$$ 9 8 fav\r1 & at 8 solicitation he 0 p>don$ & lib]at$4 ,murtola1 m angry & envi\s ?an ev]1 br\ght =w>d a poem ( 8 enemy1 :i* satiris$ ! duke ( ,savoy4 ,9 va9 ,m>9i repres5t$ t ?is "w _h be5 writt5 at ,naples 9 8 y\?1 _m ye>s be=e4 ,he 0 ?r[n into prison1 nor lib]at$ till ! m>*ese ,manso s5t 8 te/imony ( ! tru? ( :at he _h decl>$1 z to ! p]iod ( its composition4 ,8 tranquillity does n appe> to h suff]$ by ?is p]secution4 ,he cont9u$ to devote himself to le>n+ & poetry3 he appli$ himself to ! /udy ( ! ,holy ,scriptures & ! writ+s ( ! ,fa!rs1 & publi%$ 8 poem on ! ,murd] ( ! ,innoc5ts1 :i* he consid]$ 8 be/ production4 ,8 fame1 spread beyond ! ,alps1 _h induc$ que5 ,m>gu]ite ( ,france to invite him to h] c\rt4 ,m>9i accept$ h] invitation2 b by ! "t he arriv$ 9 ,p>is 8 patroness _h di$4 ,que5 ,m>y de' ,m$ici /epp$ =w>d1 h[ev]1 9 h] room1 & ! place ( g5tleman to ! k+1 ) a p5sion ( #bjjj cr[ns1 0 be/[$ on him4 ,he became v popul> among ! ,fr5* nobility2 _m le>nt ,italian = ! express purpose ( read+ 8 works4 ,he liv$ a happy & hon\rable life4 ,8 great pleasure consi/$ 9 =m+ a valuable & ext5sive libr>y1 & collect+ pictures by ! be/ arti/s4 ,! que5 %[$ him _m m>ks ( fav\r3 if %e met him 9 ! /reet1 %e 0 9 ! habit ( /opp+ h] c>riage1 = ! sake ( conv]s+ ) him2 & su* g5]osity 0 %[n him by h]1 & 8 o!r noble patrons1 t he 0 enabl$ to buy a villa ne> ,naples1 on ,mon ,posilippo1 :i!r he int5d$ at "s future "t to retire1 & end 8 days4 ,no d\bt1 9 ! *ill climate ( ,p>is1 "u ! dusky atmosph]e ( ! nor?1 8 lively imag9ation recurr$ ) ye>n+ to ! beautiful & g5ial l& ( 8 nativity4 ,sid5ote3 #afbc4 tat4 #ed4 ,he publi%$ 8 ,adone :ile at ,p>is4 ,! popul>ity ( ?is poem 0 extraord9>y2 no?+ 0 spok5 ( b x & its au?or1 & ! rapid sale enri*$ ,m>9i1 ?\gh x also expos$ him to mu* lit]>y enmity1 & ! c5sures ( ! *ur*4 ,italian critics h s9ce become exce$+ly indignant1 & consid] x ! orig9 ( ! false ta/e1 ! conceits1 & fl[]y /yle ( ! seic5ti/i4 ,b1 :ile x mu/ be all[$ t ! imitators ( ,m>9i =m a s*ool ( poetry rem>kable = its corrupt /yle1 its mann]ism1 & false & metaphoric imag]y1 x is impossible n to admit t ! ,adone itself is a "w ( great beauty & imag9ation3 x wants sublimity1 & deep pa?os & mascul9e dignity2 b its fancy1 its descriptions1 its didactic passages1 are animat$ by ! und5iable _s ( poetry4 ,m>9i possess$ an extreme ease ( v]sification1 & a v]satility & fecundity ( /yle t c>ries ! read] along ) x4 ,! ,adone is f\nd$ on ! well-kn[n my?ological /ory ( ,v5us & ,adonis4 ,cupid1 hav+ be5 *a/is$ by 8 goddess "m1 9 rev5ge1 resolves to wreak on h] ! mis]ies ( love4 ,he br+s ! son ( ,myrrha to ! %ores ( ,cyprus1 & :ile ! ,que5 ( ,beauty is reg>d+ ! beautiful y\? z he sleeps1 h] wily son pi]ces h] he>t ) 8 love-poison$ arr[4 ,%e falls 9 love on ! in/ant1 & ,adonis1 on awak5+1 is n sl[ to return h] passion4 ,v5us conducts him to h] palace1 :]e ,cupid relates to him 8 adv5tures ) ,psy*e1 & ,m]cury ^? ( ,n>cissus1 ,hylas1 ,acton1 & o!r victims ( love4 ,he is !n l$ ?r\gh ! g>d5s ( pleasure1 into ! t[] ( delight2 b ! loves ( ! goddess & h] fav\rite are int]rupt$ by ! jeal\sy ( ,m>s1 & ,adonis flies 9 al>m f ! angry god4 ,he falls aft]w>ds into ! h&s ( a fairy1 :o imprisons & annoys him3 he escapes1 &1 aft] _m w&]+s & adv5tures1 returns to ,v5us4 ,x is !n t he dep>ts on t fatal hunt+ exp$ition :i* br+s on ! cata/rophe4 ,m>s & ! malici\s fairy unite 9 s5d+ ! ho> aga9/ him1 by :i* he is de/roy$3 8 dea?--! grief ( ,v5us--8 int]m5t--& ! combats ) :i* ! goddess celebrates 8 fun]al1 conclude ! poem4 ,its *ief fault is1 t x is t]ribly wir$rawn1 ev5 9 ! p>ticul> descriptions2 = z to ! /ory itself1 t =ms b a sl5d] portion ( ! :ole composition4 ,besides ?is1 we are told t an allegory ( y\? is conta9$ 9 ! temptations1 pleasures1 & fatal cata/rophe ( ! "y lov]2 & ?is1 z well z ! unreal & fanta/ic nature ( ! p]sonages1 deprives x ( all vivid int]e/4 ,x is f> remov$ f ! fire ( ,ario/o1 or ! pa?os & dignity ( ,tasso2 /ill x is pleas+1 v>i$1 & imag9ative1 & b = its l5g? w\ld to ?is day be a m g5]al fav\rite4 ,! c>d9al ,ludovisio1 nephew ( pope ,gregory ,,xv41 e>ne/ly entreat$ ,m>9i to =sake ,p>is & repair to ,rome4 ,! k+ & que5 ( ,france p]mitt$ him to accept ! invitation2 & he return$ to ,italy1 unt]rifi$ by ! accusation t hung ov] 8 head1 on acc\nt ( ! lic5ti\sness ( 8 "w4 ,he 0 receiv$ at ,rome ) en?usiasm1 & 8 society 0 c\rt$ by e p]son ( di/9ction4 ,"h1 z else:]e1 h[ev]1 he 0 involv$ 9 lit]>y squabbles2 s t at la/ he resolv$ to retreat to ! home he _h prep>$ = himself at ,naples4 ,! tribunal1 mean:ile1 dem&$ alt]ations 9 8 poem1 accus$ ( lic5ti\sness & a t5d5cy to impiety4 ,two ( 8 fri5ds appe>$ to answ] = him2 b he p]mitt$ two /anzas only to be alt]$4 ,! poem ( ,m>9i is c]ta9ly 9 its v texture s(t1 effem9ate1 & amor\s2 b !re are no passages s repreh5sible z _m 9 ,ario/o3 ! ,orl&o ,furioso 0 nev] d5\nc$2 & x is s+ul> t s p]t9aci\s an outcry %\ld h be5 rais$ aga9/ ! ,adone4 ,its au?or1 h[ev]1 0 n de/9$ to suff] p]secution1 nor to enjoy 8 success = any long "t4 ,soon aft] 8 return to ,naples1 he e/abli%$ himself at 8 delightful villa at ,posilippo1 :]e 8 life came to a sudd5 close3 he fell ill ( a pa9ful malady1 & di$ on ! #be? ( ,m>*1 #afbe1 ag$ fifty-six4 ,he 0 buri$ 9 ! cloi/] ( ! ,!at9 ,fa!rs1 to :om he _h bequea!d 8 valuable libr>y4 ,,filicaja #afdb-agjg4 ,v9c5zo da ,filicaja 0 born at ,flor5ce1 on ! #cj? ( ,decemb]1 #afdb4 ,! families ( bo? 8 p>5ts 7 noble2 8 "m be+ ! daught] ( ,*ri/(ano ,sp9i1 "o ( ! mo/ di/+ui%$ families ( ,tuscany4 ,8 fa!r educat$ him ) c>e1 & he att5d$ ! public s*ools ( ,flor5ce4 ,he gave e>ly tok5 ( 8 lit]>y & poetic g5ius3 8 memory 0 t5aci\s1 & 8 indu/ry indefatigable2 :ile ! s]i\sness ( 8 disposition r5d]$ retirem5t & /udy natural & easy to him4 ,p]ceiv+ 8 incl9ation = le>n+1 8 fa!r s5t him to ! univ]sity ( ,pisa1 to fit him = pursu+ ! legal pr(ession4 ,filicaja att5d$ ! lectures ( ! pr(essors on ?is subject2 yet he c\ld n induce himself to be/[ 8 :ole "t on ! law1 b appli$ himself also to philosophy & !ology1 & to ! imbu+ himself ) a p]fect k ( ! ,lat9 & ,italian languages4 ,he 0 naturally incl9$ to piety1 & sp5t mu* ( 8 "t 9 pray] & dev\t ex]cises4 ,8 habits 7 regulat$ by /rict pr9ciples ( morality2 & s devot$ 0 he to ! cultivation ( 8 intellect1 t he always rose two h\rs be=e dawn1 f9d+ 8 m9d cle>]1 & m capable ( grappl+ ) ! ab/ruse subjects ( 8 contemplation1 9 ! e>ly h\rs ( morn+4 ,:ile yet a /ud5t at ,pisa1 :5 on a visit to 8 home dur+ ! vacation1 he fell 9 love2 & 8 poetic tal5t fir/ develop$ itself 9 v]ses address$ to ! beautiful & noble girl :o 0 ! object ( 8 affection4 ,%e di$ soon aft]1 & he lam5t$ h] dea? 9 poetry2 b ! exact moral discipl9e to :i* he subject$ 8 incl9ations reproa*$ him = giv+ himself up to ! influ5ce ( passion2 & he burnt all 8 love poetry1 & made a resolution1 :i* he kept to ! end ( 8 life1 ( d$icat+ 8 g5ius to ! celebration only ( moral & sacr$ subjects4 ,aft] a resid5ce ( five ye>s at ,pisa1 hav+ tak5 ! degree ( doctor ( laws1 he return$ to ,flor5ce1 & 0 plac$ "u ,giovanni ,f$]ighi1 a jurisconsult ( em95ce1 t he might add to 8 !oretical1 a practical k ( law4 ,at ! age ( ?irty-two1 he m>ri$ ,anna1 ! daught] ( ! m>*ese ,capponi4 ,soon aft] 8 fa!r di$2 &1 fre$ f all re/ra9t1 he foll[$ ! b5t ( 8 disposition1 by retir+ into ! c\ntry1 :]e he sp5t ! great] "p ( ea* ye> 9 dome/ic retirem5t1 devot+ himself to ! education ( 8 two sons4 ,hi!rto 8 poetic m]its 7 unkn[n beyond ! limits ( a small circle ( fri5ds2 b public ev5ts call$ 8 g5ius to high] flights4 ,! ,turki% army ov]runn+ ,hung>y1 laid siege to ,vi5na1 & fill$ ,*ri/5dom ) al>m4 ,! en?usia/ic piety ( ,filicaja add$ to ! natural disquietude inspir$ by su* a disa/]2 & :ile ! fate ( ! w> 0 9 susp5se1 & aft]w>ds1 :5 victory drove ! infidels f ! gates ( ! capital ( ,au/ria1 he p\r$ out 8 t]rors & 8 exult+ triumph 9 odes1 :i* brea! a pure & elevat$ lyric _s4 ,at ! "t :5 he wrote1 ,italian poetry _h receiv$ a *eck f t un=tunate prop5sity m5 h to %ackle ! free c\rse ( g5ius by rules & prec$5t4 ,!re 0 a di/9ction made betwe5 ! poetic & prosaic /yle2 ! =m] 0 f\nd$ ^u ,petr>*1 & x became a law to use no expressions b su* z _h 8 au?ority4 ,! language ( ,italian v]se 0 ?us becom+1 z x 71 a dead idiom2 repeat+ itself1 & incapable ( any orig9al expressions4 ,filicaja disda9$ ^! %ackles1 & revivifi$ 8 poetic diction by transfus+ into x _m elevat$ & en]getic modes ( spee*1 hi!rto res]v$ = prose only4 ,facility1 dignity1 & cle>ness are 8 *>act]i/ics2 & ! gr&eur ( 8 ideas gives =ce to ! orig9ality ( 8 expressions2 :i*1 emanat+ spontane\sly1 z !y did1 f a m9d full ( 8 subject1 f\nd an e*o 9 ! he>ts ( 8 read]s4 ,8 fri5ds alone _h hi!rto be5 aw>e ( 8 tal5t2 b ! en?usiasm !y felt on read+ ^! spirit$ odes l$ !m to give copies2 & !y got into ! h&s ( ^? pr9ces :o1 z ! lead]s ( ! armies aga9/ ! ,turks1 7 celebrat$ 9 !m4 ,"o ( 8 f9e/ odes he _h address$ to ,john1 k+ ( ,pol&2 :o ackn[l$g$ ! hon\r 9 lett]s full ( praises & ?anks4 ,*ri/9a1 que5 ( ,sw$51 display$ 9 a m k9d & lib]al mann] h] admiration3 he>+ t ,filicaja _h two sons1 %e insi/$ ^u provid+ = _! education2 decl>+ t %e w\ld br+ !m up z h] own *ildr54 ,%e %[$ h]self s g5]\s1 t ! poet 0 accu/om$ to say1 t he c\ld n look on 8 home & family )\t p]ceiv+ ! m>ks ( h] fav\r4 ,:ile h] mode/y 0 su*1 t %e insi/$ t h] b\nty %\ld be kept a secret2 decl>+ %e 0 a%am$ x %\ld be kn[n t %e did s little = a man1 :om %e e/eem$ s mu*2 & h] b5evol5ce rema9$ unkn[n till aft] h] dea?4 ,filicaja's life 0 n1 h[ev]1 :olly prosp]\s3 on ! dea? ( ,*ri/9a1 he became involv$ 9 pecuni>y emb>rassm5ts1 & he 0 attack$ by a dang]\s malady4 ,he lo/1 also1 8 elde/ son1 :o1 s9ce ! que5's dea?1 _h be5 appo9t$ page ( hon\r to ! gr& duke ( ,tuscany4 ,! high op9ion ent]ta9$ ( him by ,cosmo ,,iii4 extricat$ him f a "p ( 8 difficulties4 ,?is pr9ce nam$ him to ! comm& ( ! city ( ,volt]ra4 ,anci5t feuds & old & almo/ irrem$iable abuses ( v>i\s k9ds1 afflict$ ! t[n2 & x requir$ all ! influ5ce :i* ,filicaja obta9$ by 8 ju/ice1 8 b5evol5ce1 & urbanity to put an end to ^! evils4 ,volt]ra enjoy$ tranquillity & pl5ty "u 8 direction2 trade & ! arts fl\ri%$2 & ?is v5]able city 0 re/or$ to a portion ( its =m] spl5d\r3 he ?us became s de> to ! citiz5s1 t !y twice petition$ ! gr& duke to cont9ue him 9 ! gov]nm5t4 ,_! reque/ 0 accord$2 & :51 at la/1 he 0 recall$1 he c>ri$ ) him ! univ]sal regret4 ,on 8 removal f ,volt]ra1 he 01 = two ye>s1 gov]nor ( ,pisa1--a situation ( high tru/4 ,on 8 return to ,flor5ce1 he fill$ sev]al law (fices ( great p[] & emolum5t4 ,he 0 popul> & belov$ ?r\gh\t3 equitable1 b b5evol5t2 dilig5t & consci5ti\s1 8 virtues 7 adorn$ by 8 pleas+ & affable mann]s4 ,8 piety caus$ him to devote mu* ( 8 leisure to devotional ex]cises2 & 8 ta/e l$ him to cultivate poetry4 ,8 indu/ri\s habits enabl$ him to compose a great deal :5 8 "t 0 o!rwise mu* tak5 up by 8 public duties4 ,he wrote mu* 9 ,lat91 a small portion only ( :i* has be5 publi%$2 & x displays a deep k & comm& ( t language4 ,he employ$ himself also 9 correct+ & add+ to 8 ,italian poetry4 ,he 0 a sev]e critic on 8 own works2 & yet1 mi/ru/+ 8 judgm5t1 he submitt$ !m to ! fur!r c5sor%ip ( f\r select$ fri5ds4 ,he 0 mu* belov$1 z well z admir$1 by all :o knew him2 & belong$ to ! ,della ,crusca academy1 & to ! ,arcadian1--( bo? ( :i* he 0 ! brighte/ ornam5t4 ,8 la/ "w 0 an ,ode to ! ,virg91 :i* occupi$ him b a few days be=e 8 dea?4 ,filicaja 0 n only dev\t1 b a rigid ca?olic4 ,"o ( ! acts ( 8 life previ\s to ent]+ on a new c>e]1 _h be5 a pilgrimage to ,loretto2 &1 9 8 dy+ mom5ts1 a picture ( ! ,virg9 excit$ 8 pi\s & poetic ?\ghts4 ,!re is great _s & sweetness 9 ?is ode1 9 :i* he recurs to ! love ( 8 e>li] days2 & h[1 on los+ ! object1 he transf]r$ 8 devotion1 entire & = ev]1 to ! "m ( 8 ,savi\r4 ,:ile ?us employ$1 he 0 seiz$ by an inflammation ( 8 lungs4 ,8 religi\s fai? support$ him 9 8 suff]+s1 & did n =sake him to ! la/4 ,he di$ on ! #bd? ( ,septemb]1 #agjg1 at ! age ( sixty-five4 ,he 0 buri$ 9 8 family tomb 9 ! *ur* ( ,san ,pi]o1 at ,flor5ce4 ,,meta/asio #afih-aghb4 ,meta/asio 0 ( obscure orig94 ,he ow$ 8 prosp]ity1 9 ! fir/ place1 to ! tal5ts ) :i* nature _h end[$ him2 &1 9 ! second1 to s+ul> good =tune2 :ile 8 amiable disposition & excell5t "* gave a scope to ! c\rse ( felicit\s circum/ances2 :i*1 among m5 ( g5ius1 is frequ5tly *eck$ by _! impetuosity & ?\ghtlessness1 or by ! pr\d s5se ( indep5d5ce att5dant ^u _! organisation4 ,! "n ( ! poet's fa!r 0 ,felice ,trapassi1 a citiz5 ( ,assisi4 ,8 pov]ty _h =c$ him to ent] into ! ,corsican regim5t ( ! pope2 & he add$ to 8 sl5d] means by act+ z copyi/4 ,he m>ri$ ,francesca ,gala/i1 ( ,bologna2 by :om he _h two sons & two daught]s4 ,lat] 9 life1 he sav$ money en\gh to ent] into p>tn]%ip 9 a %op ( l'arte bianca1--a sort ( *&l]1 :]e macc>oni1 oil1 & o!r cul9>y mat]ials1 are sold4 ,8 y\ng] son1 ,pietro1 0 born at ,rome1 on ! #ac? ( ,janu>y1 #afih4 ,! *ild gave e>ly indications ( g5ius2 & 8 fa!r resolv$ to be/[ on him ! be/ education 9 8 p[]2 & plac$ him1 at a v e>ly age1 ) a wat*mak]1 t he might le>n a respectable art4 ,b ! boy 0 born to pursue a nobl] c>e]4 ,he 0 already a poet2 &1 :5 only t5 ye>s old1 attract$ an audi5ce 9 8 fa!r's %op by 8 tal5ts z improvisatore4 ,x happ5$1 "o summ] ev5+1 t ,v9c5zo ,grav9a1 a celebrat$ jurisconsult1 & r5[n$ = 8 le>n+ & love ( lett]s1 0 walk+ ) ! poet ,lor5z9i 9 ! /reets ( ,rome4 ,pass+ by ,trapassi's %op1 he 0 attract$ by ! *ildi% voice ( ! juv5ile poet1 :o 0 9 ! act ( recit+ extempore v]ses4 ,he jo9$ ! audi5ce2 &1 be+ p]ceiv$ by ,pietro1 ! little fell[ introduc$ "s /anzas 9 8 praise into 8 effusion4 ,grav9a1 *>m$ by 8 tal5t & prepossess+ appe>ance1 (f]$ him money1 :i* ! *ild refus$4 ,! lawy] cont9u$ to "q him1 & 0 s satisfi$ by ! propriety & _s ( 8 answ]s1 t he imm$iately propos$ to adopt him z 8 son2 promis+ to give him a good education1 & to facilitate 8 c>e] 9 ! same pr(ession z himself4 ,no objection c\ld be rais$ to s g5]\s & b5efic5t an (f]4 ,! boy 0 n to be tak5 f 8 native t[n1 nor 7 8 duties t[>ds 8 p>5ts to be int]f]$ )4 ,"o ( ,grav9a's fir/ acts 0 to *ange 8 adopt$ son's1 "n f ! ignoble "o ( ,trapassi to ! bett] s\nd+ appellation ( ,meta/asio1 :i* 0 a sort ( translation ( 8 pat]nal "n into ,greek4 ,grav9a did n delay to cultivate ! boy's und]/&+1 s z to fit him = a lit]>y c>e]4 ,be+ an idolat] ( anci5t le>n+1 8 fir/ c>e 0 to initiate 8 pupil 9 ! languages ( ! writ]s ( ,greece & ,rome1 & !n to imbue him ) a k ( _! works4 ,meta/asio %[$ himself an apt s*ol>3 at ! age ( f\rte5 he wrote a trag$y1 :i*1 9 a lett] writt5 9 aft] ye>s1 he freely criticis$4 ,my trag$y ( ',giu/9o1' he says1 0 writt5 at ! age ( f\rte51 :5 ! au?ority ( my illu/ri\s ma/] did n p]mit me to div]ge f a religi\s imitation ( ! ,greek models2 & :5 my own inexp]i5ce prev5t$ me f disc]n+ ! gold f ! lead 9 ^? m9es ^: treasures 7 b j op5$ to me4 ,! trag$y1 writt5 ?us 9 /rict imitation1 is necess>ily frigid2 nor does ! language be> ! /amp ( ! ease & grace :i* s di/+ui%$ ,meta/asio's aft] writ+s4 ,he /ill cont9u$ to improvis>e v]ses 9 company4 ,?is attractive art r5d]s ! p]son :o ex]cises x ! object ( s mu* int]e/ & admiration1 t x is to be wond]$ t any "o :o has once practis$ x1 c ev] give x up4 ,! act ( recit+ ! poetry t fl[s imm$iately to ! lips is peculi>ly animat+3 ! declaim] w>ms1 z he proce$s1 ) 8 own success2 :ile ! ?rong ( words & ideas t pres5t !mselves1 light up ! eyes1 & give an air ( almo/ sup]natural intellig5ce & fire to ! c\nt5ance & p]son4 ,! audi5ce--at fir/ curi\s1 !n pleas$1 &1 at la/1 c>ri$ away by en?usia/ic delight--feel an admiration1 & be/[ plaudits1 :i*1 p]haps1 no o!r display ( human tal5t is capable ( excit+4 ,! y\?1 ! h>moni\s voice1 & agreeable p]son ( ,meta/asio add$ to ! *>m3 yet1 =tunately1 he gave up ! ex]cise ( 8 p[] be=e x _h unfitt$ him = m ardu\s compositions4 ,he gives an acc\nt ( 8 success1 & 8 quitt+ ! practice1 9 a subsequ5t lett] to ,alg>otti4 ,i d n d5y1 he writes1 t a natural tal5t = h>mony & rhy?m display$ itself 9 me e>li] ?an is usually ! case2 t is1 :5 ,i 0 ab\t t5 ye>s ( age4 ,?is /range ph5om5on s dazzl$ my great ma/]4 ,grav9a1 t he select$ me z soil wor?y to be cultivat$ by s celebrat$ a man4 ,until ,i 0 sixte51 he br\ght me =w>d to improvis>e v]ses on any giv5 subject2 & ,rolli1 ,van9i1 & ,p]fetti1 !n m5 ( mature ye>s1 7 my rivals4 ,_m p tri$ to write d[n our effusions :ile we extemporis$1 b ) no success2 =1 besides t !y 7 no adepts 9 %ort-h&1 x 0 necess>y to deceive u clev]ly1 o!rwise ! m]e suspicion ( su* an op]ation w\ld h dri$ up my ve94 ,?is occupation soon became burd5some & injuri\s to me2 burd5some1 because ,i 0 p]petually oblig$1 by invitations :i* c\ld n be refus$1 to task myself e day1 & sometimes twice a day1--n[ to gratify "s lady's :im1 n[ to satisfy ! curiosity ( "s high-born fool1 & n[ to fill up a blank 9 "s gr& assembly1--los+ ?us mis]ably ! great] "p ( ! "t necess>y = my /udies4 ,x 0 injuri\s1 because my weak & unc]ta9 heal? suff]$4 ,x 0 p]ceptible to e "o t ! agitation att5dant on ?is ex]cise ( ! m9d1 us$ to inflame my c\nt5ance & heat my head1 :ile my h&s & extremities became icy cold4 ,grav9a consequ5tly ex]t$ 8 au?ority to prohibit me f mak+ extempore v]ses1--a prohibition :i*1 f ! age ( sixte51 ,i h nev] infr+$1 & to :i* ,i believe t ,i owe ! remnant ( reasonable & connect$ ideas t are to be f\nd 9 my wait+s4 ,he goes on to /ate ! evils t result to ! intellect p]petually b5t on s excit+ a proce$+2 :5 ! poet1 in/ead ( select+ & arrang+ 8 ?\ghts1 & !n us+ measure & rhyme z ob$i5t executors ( 8 designs1 is oblig$ to employ ! small "t all[$ him 9 collect+ words1 9 :i* he aft]w>ds clo!s ! ideas be/ fitt$ to ^! words1 ev5 ?\gh =eign to 8 !me3 ?us ! =m] seeks at 8 ease = a dress fitt$ to 8 subject2 :ile ! latt]1 9 ha/e & di/urbance1 mu/ f9d a subject fitt$ to 8 dress4 ,on )draw+ 8 pupil f ! ex]cise ( ?is fasc9at+ art4 ,grav9a became aw>e t 8 education c\ld n be c>ri$ on ) success amid/ ! pleasures & idl5ess ( 8 life at ,rome2 & he s5t him to /udy "u 8 c\s9 ,camporese1 :o liv$ ne> ! anci5t ,cortona1 a t[n ( ,magna ,grcia1 fam\s 9 antiquity = its s*ools ( philosophy4 ,meta/asio 0 v happy at ?is p]iod ( 8 life2 &1 9 a lett] writt5 at an advanc$ age1 he recurs to x ) ye>n+ fondness4 ,( h[ _m de> & pleas+ ideas1 my fri5d1 he writes to ,don ,sav]io ,mattei1 y h awak5$ ! recollection1 by caus+ me to g ov] 9 my ?\ghts ! happy "t ,i sp5t1 n less usefully ?an delightfully1 betwe5 boyhood & adolesc5ce1 9 ,magna ,grcia4 ,i saw aga9 z if !y 7 pres5t all ^? objects :i* pleas$ me s mu* at t "t4 ,aga9 ,i inhabit$ ! little *amb]1 9 :i* ! s\nd ( ! break]s ( ! neighb\r+ sea s (t5 lull$ me into ! sweete/ sleep2 &1 by =ce ( my imag9ation1 ,i revisit$ 9 my boat ! %ores ( neighb\r+ ,scalea2 & ! names & aspects ( _m places recurr$ to me1 be=e =gott54 ,i he>d aga9 ! v5]able voice ( ! r5[n$ philosoph] ,camporese2 :o1 /oop+ to in/ruct "o s "y1 l$ me1 z x 71 by ! h& among ! vortexes ( ! !n reign+ ,desc>tes1 ( :om he 0 a /r5u\s advocate1 & attract$ my boyi% curiosity1 by %[+ me 9 wax1 z if 9 a game1 h[ globules 7 =m$ f atoms1 & fill+ me ) admiration ( ! bewit*+ exp]im5ts ( philosophy4 ,x seems to me z if ,i aga9 saw him lab\r+ to p]suade me t 8 dog 0 =m$ ^u ! same pr9ciple z a wat*2 & t ! tr9al dim5sion is a suffici5t def9ition ( solid bodies4 ,& ,i behold him smile1 :51 hav+ kept me long plung$ 9 a d>k rev]ie1 by =c+ me to d\bt ( e ?+1 he p]ceiv$ t ,i brea!d aga91 on 8 ass]tion1 ',i ?9k1 !re=e1 ,i am2' ! inv9cible pro( ( a c]ta9ty :i* ,i _h despair$ ( ev] aga9 atta9+4 ,camporese di$1 un=tunately1 9 ! mid/ ( ^! /udies1 & ,meta/asio return$ to ,rome4 ,sid5ote3 #agah4 tat4 #bj4 ,x 0 soon aft] 8 lot to lose 8 adopt$ fa!r1 ,grav9a4 ,he expresses1 bo? 9 lett]s writt5 at ! "t1 & 9 aft] ye>s1 8 deep grief on ! dea? ( 8 b5efactor4 ,grav9a kept 8 ^w1 ( consid]+ him z 8 son2 &1 ) ! exception ( a legacy to 8 "m1 left him heir to all t he possess$1 to ! am\nt ( ab\t fifte5 ?\s& cr[ns4 ,f9d+ himself ?us indep5d5t1 & ev5 ri* 9 8 own eyes1 ,meta/asio gave himself up to ! /udy ( poetry4 ,hi!rto ! rules ( ,grav9a _h limit$ 8 read+3 n[ he em]g$ into fre$om2 &1 hav+ be5 be=e all[$ only to p]use ,ario/o1 among ! ,italians1 he read ! ,j]usalem ,deliv]$ = ! fir/ "t4 ,he 0 en*ant$ by ! ord] & maje/y ( a s+le action1 conduct$ ) art1 & t]m9at$ ) dignity4 ,! gr&eur ( ! /yle1 ! vivid col\r+ & f]vid imag9ation ( ,tasso1 transport$ him ) delight4 ,ovid 0 also an especial fav\rite2 & x is record$ t he reg>d$ ,m>9i ) an approbation :i* t poet1 inde$1 des]ves1 b ( :i*1 z ! orig9al corrupt] ( ! ,italian /yle1 & ! lead] ( ! deg5]ate ,seic5ti/i1 he is usually depriv$4 ,un=tunately1 indep5d5ce & y\?ful ?\ghtlessness l$ ,meta/asio into o!r deviations f ,grav9a's lessons1 less praisewor?y ?an read+ ,tasso4 ,! poet 0 w>m-he>t$1 hospitable1 & gay4 ,he 0 surr\nd$ by companions ready to %>e ! pleasures & luxuries :i* 8 money procur$2 :ile he believ$ 8 future prospects secur$ by ! promises he receiv$ f influ5tial protectors4 ,two ye>s _h n pass$ be=e he 0 undeceiv$4 ,he _h squ&]$ ! great] "p ( 8 =tune2 he _h made _m enemies1 & 8 fri5ds fell (f4 ,) a firmness wor?y ( 8 education1 he /opp$ %ort ( actual ru92 &1 disgu/$ ) ! society ( ,rome1 & ! treatm5t he _h suff]$1 he *ang$1 on a sudd51 8 :ole plan ( life1 foll[+ up 8 new designs ) zeal & p]sev]ance4 ,!re liv$ at ,naples1 says 8 biograph]1 ,v5anzio1 a r\gh incult lawy]1 call$ ,ca/agnola1 cov]$ ) ru/ & du/1 & an enemy to e ?+ t 0 n alli$ to =5sic /ruggles & turmoils4 ,wi%+ to place a b>ri] betwe5 8 w & 8 incl9ations1 ,meta/asio w5t to ,naples1 & *ose ?is man = 8 ma/]1 believ+ t 8 asp]ity & dete/ation ( poetry w\ld s]ve to gu>d him aga9/ hav+ aga9 rec\rse to an art t[>ds :i* nature impell$ him4 ,= ne>ly two ye>s he submitt$ to ! control ( ,ca/agnola1 & devot$ himself to ! sev]e/ /udy4 ,b he 0 well kn[n at ,naples1 & 8 tal5ts 7 appreciat$4 ,he 0 p]petually solicit$ to compose epi?alamiums1 !atrical pieces1 & occasional v]ses4 ,he resi/$ ! temptation z long z he c\ld3 at la/1 comm&$ by ! vic]oy1 he cons5t$ to write a drama1 to celebrate ! bir?day ( ! empress ,elizabe? ,*ri/9a1 wife ( ,*>les ,,vi4 ,he1 h[ev]1 obta9$ a promise ( secrecy1 & hop$ to conceal 8 crime f 8 ma/]4 ,to accompli% ?is1 he 0 oblig$ to /eal = 8 "w ! h\rs usually devot$ to sleep2 b 8 natural ve91 *eck$ = "s "t1 fl[$ ) su* felicity1 t he accompli%$ 8 task be=e ! appo9t$ "t4 ,! ,orti ,esp]idi *>m$ 8 augu/ employ]1 :o be/[$ on x ! highe/ praise1 & pres5t$ ! au?or ) a purse conta9+ two hundr$ ducats4 ,! success ( ?is int]lude on ! /age confirm$ ! judgm5t ( ! vic]oy4 ,x 0 admirably set to music1 & ! decorations 7 mo/ spl5did4 ,all ,naples flock$ to ! repres5tation--all ,naples res\nd$ ) its praises1 & e "o 0 eag] to ?ank & applaud ! au?or4 ,b ,meta/asio1 reluctant to quit 8 legal /udies1 %rank f ! c5sures ( 8 ma/]1 & cont9u$ to pres]ve ! concealm5t he _h at fir/ adopt$3 he ev5 angrily d5i$ ! *>ge :5 he 0 accus$ ( be+ ! writ]1 & put enquiry to fault2 till at la/ ! discov]y 0 made by ! prima donna1 ,m>ianna ,bulg>elli1 usually call$ ,la ,roman9a1 f h] native city4 ,%e _h receiv$ ! greate/ applause 9 ! "* ( ,v5us1 9 ?is drama2 & h] gratitude & admiration made h] eag] to le>n to :om %e ow$ h] success4 ,despite all 8 ef=ts1 %e discov]$ t ,meta/asio 0 ! au?or1 & %e lo/ no "t 9 spread+ ! report ?r\gh\t ,naples4 ,ca/agnola 0 highly indignant4 ,he treat$ 8 pupil ) sev]ity & disda92 :ile1 on ! o!r h&1 ! ,roman9a us$ e argum5t to inspire him ) self-confid5ce1 & to induce him to foll[ ! c>e] = :i* he 0 =m$ by nature4 ,he cons5t$ at la/3 he quitt$ ! angry lawy]1 :o refus$ ev5 to li/5 to 8 f>ewell2 &1 at ! e>ne/ invitation ( 8 new fri5d1 took up 8 abode at h] h\se4 ,m>ianna ,bulg>elli _h a society ar\nd h] ( di/+ui%$ m5 & accompli%$ arti/s1 & among ^! ,meta/asio f\nd e enc\ragem5t to pursue 8 new c>e]4 ,he /udi$ ! sci5ce ( music "u ,porpora1 ! fir/ compos] ( ! day1 & acquir$ a k ( ! art :i* greatly assi/$ ! melody ( 8 v]ses2 s t1 he tells u1 he nev] wrote any lyrical poetry )\t imag9+ an accompanim5t at ! same "t1 :i* regulat$ its cad5ces & modulat$ ! s\nds4 ,8 natural incl9ation l$ him to desire to write trag$ies2 b1 on reflection1 he f\nd t x 0 n suffici5t t trag$ies %\ld be writt51 if !re 7 no actors to repres5t !m1 nor an audi5ce :i* c\ld take int]e/ 9 ! repres5tation4 ,8 association ) musical p1 & a prima donna1 l$ him to consid] ! op]a z ! natural drama ( ,italy4 ,op]atic dramas ow$ _! orig9 to ,flor5ce1 ! bir?place ( s mu* t is great & admirable1 & 7 fir/ br\ght =w>d 9 #aeid4 ,aft] t "t !y fell into disrepute1 till ,apo/olo ,z5o1 *oos+ 9 anci5t my?ology & hi/ory ! gr\ndwork ( 8 plots1 br\ght out pieces t acquir$ great popul>ity4 ,to ?is species ( composition ,meta/asio accord+ly turn$ 8 ?\ghts4 ,m>ianna enc\rag$ him to proce$2 &1 :5 he receiv$ ! commission to furni% ! ,neapolitan !atre ) an op]a = ! c>nival ( #agbd1 %e sugge/$ ! subject ( ,didone ,abb&onata1 or ! des]tion ( ,dido4 ,9 ?is1 %e fill$ ! "p ( ! un=tunate que52 & h] dignity1 pa?os1 & musical p[]s imp>t$ an attraction to ! piece1 :i* fill$ ! audi5ce ) en?usiasm1 :ile h] he>t w>m$ ) gratitude t[>ds ! poet1 ^: admirable conception & execution gave a scope to h] tal5ts1 be=e d5i$ to !m4 ,! reputation ( ,dido spread ?r\gh ,italy3 dur+ ! c>nival ( ! foll[+ ye>1 x 0 act$ at ,v5ice1 la ,roman9a be+ /ill engag$ to fill ! pr9cipal "p4 ,meta/asio accompani$ 8 fri5d1 & wrote1 :ile 9 t city1 ano!r op]a1 call$ ,siroe4 ,?is 0 ! la/ appe>ance ( ,m>ianna on ! /age3 %e 0 no long] "y1 & retir$ f h] pr(ession4 ,%e took up h] resid5ce at ,rome1 & ) "s difficulty p]suad$ h] fri5d to return to 8 native city4 ,! two families resid$ "u ! same ro(--,m>ianna & h] husb&--,meta/asio ) 8 fa!r1 eld] bro!r1 & two si/]s4 ,! relations ( ! poet 7 indig5t2 b he possess$ "s prop]ty1 & 8 fri5d 0 comp>atively ri*4 ,! h\sehold 0 9 common2 ,m>ianna act+ z /ew>d & h\sekeep]1 :ile %e /ill kept h] /ation beside ! poet2 enc\rag+ him 9 mom5ts ( despond5cy2 sugge/+ subjects = 8 muse2 & display+1 at all times1 t active & g5]\s affection :i* s di/+ui%$ h]4 ,meta/asio did n1 h[ev]1 meet ) ! enc\ragem5t at ,rome :i* hail$ 8 fir/ ex]tions4 ,he wrote 8 drama ( ,cato1 :i* 0 act$ 9 #agbg3 b x 0 n att5d$ ) 8 accu/om$ success4 ,! au/]e "* ( ! ,roman h]o--! cold loves--& disa/r\s end+--displeas$ ! morbid ta/es ( ! spectators1 :o 7 unable to appreciate ! simplicity ( ! plot1 or ! gr&eur ( ! s5tim5ts4 ,meta/asio _h a true tragic bias = an unhappy cata/rophe2 b 8 audi5ce did n reli% x1 &1 subsequ5tly1 he adapt$ himself bett] to _! ta/es1 & 8 op]as h usually ! happy end+1 !n suppos$ m consonant to ! inh]5t lightness ( musical dramas1 or1 probably1 to ! tal5ts ( ! s+]s3 z1 9 our days1 ! sublime act+ ( ,pa/a has induc$ compos]s to br+ =w>d trag$ies ( ! deepe/ dye1 ,m$ea & ,otello1 z ! subjects be/ fitt$ = _! art4 ,meta/asio 0 disc\rag$3 he 0 poor1 & he _h _m enemies at ,rome1 :o prejudic$ ! pope aga9/ him1 & r5d]$ 8 abode v disagreeable4 ,at ?is mom5t1 =tune came to 8 aid1 & 8 :ole future life became prosp]\s & /able4 ,9 ,novemb]1 #agbi1 he receiv$ a lett] f pr9ce ,pio ( ,savoy1 director ( ! imp]ial !atricals1 invit+ him to become ! c\rt poet ( ,vi5na4 ,apo/olo ,z5o 0 at t "t poet laureate to ! emp]or ,*>les ,,vi42 b he also1 ) praisewor?y lib]ality1 second$ ! emp]or 9 8 wi% to invite ,meta/asio to 8 c\rt2 & ! way 0 op5$ to him by ! abs5ce ( envy 9 "o1 :o might h look$ on him z a rival1 b :o g5]\sly pref]r$ reg>d+ him z a fell[-lab\r]1 or r1 successor1 to 8 own ex]tions4 ,meta/asio at once accept$ ! (f] ) _m expressions ( gratitude4 ,he 0 all[$ to delay 8 j\rney to ,vi5na till ! spr+ ( #agcj1 & to fulfil 8 engagem5t ( supply+ ! ,roman !atre ) two pieces = ! c>nival4 ,^! 7 ,alex&] 9 ,india1 & ,artax]xes4 ,! latt] 0 a fav\rite f ! fir/3 ! poet consid]$ x ! mo/ =tunate ( 8 productions1 & 0 accu/om$ to say t he ow$ x m obligations ?an any o!r ( 8 dramas2 s9ce1 ev5 :5 set to indiff]5t music1 x nev] fail$ to meet ) success4 ,meta/asio ?us made 8 appe>ance at ,vi5na1 surr\nd$ by ! halo ( a rec5t triumph4 ,he left ,rome ) pleasure2 b he quitt$ 8 family ) regret3 m ?an all he mu/ h lam5t$ 8 sep>ation f 8 g5]\s & affectionate fri5d1 ,m>ianna1 ! enc\rag] ( 8 y\?ful timidity1 ! *ief promot] ( 8 =tunate *oice ( a pr(ession1 & 8 unwe>i$ com=t] dur+ adv]se circum/ances4 ,he w5t to new sc5es & to a new p1 & adapt$ himself at once to ! *ange4 ,he 0 k9dly receiv$ by ! emp]or1 & 8 he>t ov]fl[$ ) gratitude = 8 condesc5sion & b5efic5ce4 ,x is a /range fact1 h[ little we are cont5t$ ) negative qualities 9 our fell[-creatures2 &1 inde$1 h[ amiability1 & ev5 g5]osity1 become slight 9 our eyes1 if unaccompani$ by en]gy1 indep5d5ce1 & pride4 ,meta/asio 0 ! mo/ amiable ( m53 8 disposition 0 affectionate & con/ant2 yet he 0 d]id$ 9 8 own "t = 8 c\rti]-l qualities1 & ! gratitude he naturally ev9c$ t[>ds 8 imp]ial b5efactors2 & c5sur$ = a coldness ( he>t ( :i* we c f9d no trace 9 8 writ+s or actions4 ,!re is "o circum/ance t r5d]s po/]ity m j1 &1 9 p>ticul>1 induces ^? :o write 8 biography to reg>d him ) a fav\rable eye3 ?is is ! publication ( 8 lett]s4 ,we possess a s]ies f ! age ( ?irty to t ( eighty-f\r1 :5 he di$1 :i* let u into ! secrets ( 8 he>t1 & display 8 good s5se1 8 fri5dly disposition1 8 ju/ice1 & ! ready sympa?y t he af=d$ to ^? to :om he 0 atta*$1 9 a m undisguis$ mann] ?an c\ld be kn[n to 8 contempor>ies4 ,^! lett]s prepossess ! read] 9 8 fav\r2 &1 :ile ! biograph] f9ds few ev5ts to record1 & little ( mis=tune or error to m>k 8 pages ) high-wr\ght int]e/1 he may envy ! tranquil c>e] ( ! =tunate poet1 & wi% t fate _h made him ! fri5d ( su* a man4 ,meta/asio ent]$ on 8 employm5ts at ,vi5na 9 ! ye> #agcj1 at ! age ( ?irty-two4 ,he took up 8 abode 9 ! h\se ( ,niccolo ,m>t9etz1 :o held a place 9 ! c\rt ( ! apo/olic nuncio1 & ) :om he rema9$ to ! end ( 8 life4 ,! dramas t he br\ght out dur+ ! ye> succe$+ to 8 arrival 7 em95tly successful4 ,^! 7 ,adriano1 & ,demetrio2 &1 dur+ ! ?ree foll[+1 he wrote ! ,olimpiade1 ,demo(onte1 & ,issipile4 ,ea*1 z x appe>$1 excit$ /ill r5ew$ admiration & applause4 ,aft] ! repres5tation ( ,issipile1 ! emp]or broke ?r\gh 8 habitual maje/ic res]ve1 & express$ 8 satisfaction to ! poet1 :o 0 enraptur$ by ! unusual condesc5sion4 ,8 imp]ial ma/] soon aft] te/ifi$ 8 approbation 9 a m solid mann]1 by be/[+ on him ! place ( treasur] to ! prov9ce ( ,cos5za 9 ,naples1 wor? annually #cej sequ9s4 ,un=tunately1 ! w> ( ! ,spani% succession depriv$ him ( ?is income1 aft] he _h enjoy$ x b = a few ye>s4 ,! poet's he>t & s\l 7 9 8 pr(ession1 & 8 op]as 7 writt5 ) t f]v5t & exalt$ _s :i* m>ks ! compositions ( g5ius2 :ile 8 mode/y eng5d]$ d\bts conc]n+ _! reception1 :i* 7 delightfully dissipat$ by ! triumph ( _! success4 ,8 feel+s are all +5u\sly express$ 9 8 lett]s to ,m>ianna ,bulg>elli1 :o1 toge!r ) h] husb&1 /ill rema9$ at ,rome ) ! poet's family4 ,i did n believe1 he writes1 t ,i %\ld h be5 able to s5d y ! good news ,i n[ give--,i 0 s entirely prep>$ = ! contr>y4 ,my ,demetrio 0 br\ght out la/ ,sunday1 & ) s great success1 t ! old p "h assure me !y nev] witness$ su* univ]sal applause4 ,! audi5ce wept at ! ,addio--my augu/ ma/] 0 n unmov$--&1 not)/&+ ! respect paid to ! imp]ial pres5ce1 ! public c\ld n re/ra9 !mselves f giv+ m>ks ( applause4 ,my enemies h become my applaud]s4 ,i _c express my surprise1 = ?is op]a is s delicately t\*$1 )\t any ( t /rong col\r+ t /rikes at once1 t ,i fe>$ t x 0 n adapt$ to ! national ta/e4 ,i 0 mi/ak5--e "o seems to und]/& x1 & passages are recit$ 9 conv]sation1 z if x 7 writt5 9 ,g]man4 ,:ile compos+ ! ,olimpiade1 he ?us addresses 8 fri5d3--,"h is a moral sonnet :i* ,i wrote 9 ! mid/ ( a pa!tic sc5e1 t mov$ me z ,i wrote x3 s t1 smil+ at myself1 :5 ,i f\nd my eyes humid f pity at a fictiti\s disa/]1 inv5t$ by myself1 ,i express$ my feel+s 9 ! sonnet ,i s5d4 ,! idea does n displease me2 & ,i did n *oose to lose x1 z x w s]ve z an incitem5t = my piety4 ,! ?\ght ( ! sonnet is1 t1 :ile he smiles at himself = weep+ ov] dreams & fables ( 8 own inv5tion1 he may rememb] t e ?+ t he fe>s & hopes is equally fictiti\s1--t all is false1 8 exi/5ce a delirium1 & 8 :ole life a dream2--& x ends ) a pray] t he may awak5 & f9d repose 9 ! bosom ( tru?4 ,aga91 he writes1 ,w y sugge/ ! subject ( an op]a8 ,yes or no8 ,i am 9 an abyss ( d\bt4 ,oh6 d n laugh1 & say t ! disease is incurable2 = inde$2 ! *oice ( a subject m]its all ?is inquietude & scepticism4 ,x is my lot to be =c$ to make a *oice2 & ,i _c avoid x2 o!rwise ,i %\ld cont9ue to d\bt until ! day ( judgm5t2 & !n beg9 aga94 ,read ! ?ird sc5e ( ! ?ird act ( my ',adrian2' rem>k ! "* :i* ! emp]or gives ( himself1 & y w see my own4#dg ,f ?is y may conclude2 t ,i "k my faults2 b n t ,i c correct !m4 ,?is p]t9acity 9 a fault2 :i* torm5ts me )\t ! recomp5ce ( any pleasure2 & :i* ,i cle>ly p]ceive2 )\t be+ able to rem$y2 makes me (t5 reflect on ! tyranny :i* ! body ex]cises ov] ! m9d4 ,if my und]/&+ is conv9c$1 :5 reason+ calmly1 t ?is excess ( indecision is a tr\blesome1 torm5t+1 & useless vice1 & an ob/acle to ! execution ( any design1 :y d ,i n get rid ( x8 ,:y n abide by a resolution1 s (t5 tak51 to d\bt no m8 ,! answ] is cle>2 t ! me*anical con/itution ( ! s\l's imp]fect habitation gives a false col\r+ to objects be=e !y rea* x1 z rays ( ! sun appe> yell[ or gre5 or r$1 accord+ to ! hue ( ! sub/ance :i* !y trav]se to meet our eyes4 ,h5ce x is cle>1 t m5 = ! mo/ "p d n act f reason1 b f me*anical impulse1 subsequ5tly adapt+1 by ! =ce ( _! und]/&+1 _! reason to _! actions1 s t ! clev]e/ frequ5tly appe> ! mo/ reasonable4 ,d n get we>y1 because ,i play ! philosoph] ) y2 ,i h none else ) :om to play x2 & do+ x ?us by lett]1 ,i call to m9d conv]sations ( ?is k9d1 :i* made u sp5d s _m happy h\rs toge!r4--,o1 h[ mu* m matt] = su* has my exp]i5ce 9 ! _w giv5 me6 ,footnote3 ,july #d4 #agcc4 ,we w aga9 talk on ^! subjects1 if =tune does n1 ?r\gh "s caprice1 entangle ! ?read ( my hon\rable b labori\s life4 ,a few mon?s aft] =tune cut1 r ?an entangl$1 ! ?read ( ^! prospects2 ,m>ianna di$1 &1 true to h] feel+s ( fri5d%ip#dh to ! end1 %e left ! poet heir to h] possessions1 to ! am\nt ( ?irty ?\s& cr[ns4 ,meta/asio writes ?us to 8 bro!r1 on receiv+ ?is sad intellig5ce3-- ,9 ! agitation ,i feel f ! unexpect$ dea? ( ! poor & g5]\s ,m>ianna1 ,i _c long dilate4 ,i c only say1 t my hon\r & my consci5ce h bo? induc$ me to r5\nce h] beque/ 9 fav\r ( h] husb&4 ,i owe x to ! _w to undeceive x f a great mi/ake1--t ( fancy+ t my fri5d%ip 0 f\nd$ on av>ice & int]e/$ motives4 ,i h no "r to take advantage ( ! p>tiality ( my poor fri5d to ! injury ( h] husb&1 & ,god w by "s o!r means make up = :at ,i n[ r5\nce4 ,i ne$ no?+ = myself2 ,i possess suffici5t at ,rome to ma9ta9 my family 9 dec5cy1 & if ,provid5ce pres]ves to me my prop]ty 9 ,naples1 ,i w give my relations o!r m>ks ( my affection1 & ?9k s]i\sly ( y 9 p>ticul>4 ,communicate my resolution to my fa!r1 z ,i h n "t to write to him4 ,assure him ( my int5tion always to contribute z h]et(ore to 8 com=t1 & ev5 to increase my assi/ance1 if my ,neapolitan income does n fail me4 ,9 %ort1 make him ent] into my feel+s1 s t he %all n imbitt] !m by disapprov+ ( my hone/ & ,*ri/ian det]m9ation4 ,y w cont9ue to live ) signor ,bulg>elli1 :o w1 ,i hope1 display t[>ds y t fri5dly k9dness :i* my conduct ) reg>d to him des]ves4 ,all w g on z be=e2 only poor ,m>ianna w nev] return1 nor c ,i hope = any consolation1 & ! re/ ( my life w be insipid & pa9ful4 ,i feel1 he wrote to ano!r fri5d on ?is occasion1 z if ,i 7 9 ! _w z 9 an unpeopl$ solitude2 desolate z a man w\ld feel1 if1 transport$ 9 8 sleep among ! ,*9ese or ,t>t>s1 he %\ld1 on awak5+1 f9d himself among a p ^: language1 mann]s1 & cu/oms are alike unkn[n to him4 ,9 ! mid/ ( su* fancies1 s mu* reason rema9s1 z p]mits me to be aw>e h[ )\t f\ndation !y are1 & h[ produc$2 b reflection has n yet suffic$ to dissipate !m4 ,y w h he>d t ,i h r5\nc$ ! beque/4 ,i "k n :e!r ?is r5unciation w be approv$ ( by all1 b ,i "k t nei!r my hon\r nor my consci5ce p]mit me to take advantage ( ! excessive p>tiality ( a woman to ! injury ( h] relations1 & t ! want ( ! ri*es :i* ,i refuse1 is m tol]able ?an ! %ame :i* !y w\ld produce 9 me4 ,meta/asio 01 ) 8 accu/om$ mode/y1 di/urb$ by ! fe>1 le/ 8 hon\rable conduct w\ld be disapprov$ ( by 8 fri5ds & ! _w2 & he 0 agreeably surpris$ :51 on ! contr>y1 x met ) ! g5]al approbation x des]v$4 ,i %\ld be ins9c]e1 he writes to ! same fri5d1 if1 affect+ philosophy1 ,i pret5d$ to be annoy$ by ! k9d approval :i* my c\ntry has univ]sally yield$ to my r5unciation ( ,m>ianna's beque/4 ,x delights me 9 ! fir/ place1 & l a v[1 confirms me 9 my op9ion ( ! ju/ice ( ! act2 & 9 ! second1 x surprises me1 z be+ ! te/imony ( ! affection ( s great a "m = ! lea/ ( h] sons4 ,?is1 dur+ ! space ( t5 ye>s1 f ! "t ( 8 fir/ arrival 9 ,vi5na1 0 ! only ev5t t di/urb$ ,meta/asio's life4 ,^! t5 ye>s are ! p]iod dur+ :i* 8 poetic p[]s fl\ri%$ mo/ vigor\sly1 & dur+ :i* 8 be/ z well z ! great] numb] ( 8 works 7 produc$4 ,! fav\r !y met confirm$ 8 situation at c\rt1 :ile !y caus$ him to lab\r un9t]mitt+ly4 ,x is difficult to give "o n v]s$ 9 ! ,italian language a correct idea ( ! peculi> m]its ( 8 poetry1 & ! excell5ces ( 8 dramas4 ,!y are n absolute trag$ies3 _! happy conclusions1 ! introduction ( airs1 & _! be+ compress$ into ?ree acts1 give !m a lightness & a brevity unlike ! heavi] m>* ( trag$y4 ,!y are to a great degree ideal1 & yet possess ! int]e/ :i* passion & plot1 describ$ & develop$ ) ma/]ly skill1 necess>ily imp>t4 ,8 comm& ( language is s+ul>ly great1 & he adapt$ poetic diction to dramatic dialogue ) wond]ful felicity4 ,a long & pr(\nd /udy ( ! g5ius ( 8 native tongue gave him su* extreme facility1 t ! p]fection ( art takes ! guise ( ! mo/ unadorn$ nature2 & ! fl[ & cle>ness ( 8 v]ses s excite our sympa?y1 z to make u feel z if ! ?\ghts & s5tim5ts :i* we f9d 9 8 pages 7 ! spontane\s gr[? ( our own m9ds4 ,! magic ( 8 /yle r5d]s s5sible & di/9ct ! mo/ delicate & evanesc5t feel+s1 s t x has be5 rem>k$#di1 t _m ( ! movem5ts ( ! human s\l1 :i* ! able/ writ]s h sc>cely be5 able to indicate 9 prose1 & :i*1 f _! subtlety1 are almo/ hidd5 f our consci\sness1 are br\ght home to u 9 8 v]ses ) a lucid felicity ( expression1 t leaves no portion ( !m ei!r obscure or vague4 ,he ?us =m$ a language peculi>ly 8 own4 ,9 8 airs ! words fl[ 9 s un=c$ a mann] & ) su* extreme propriety1 t !y appe> to place !mselves3 n "o c be *ang$1 n "o omitt$4 ,!re is no p$antry1 no affectation2 simplicity is 8 pr9cipal *>m2 x seems z if a *ild might utt] !m1--!y are s un/udi$2 & yet no o!r poet possesses to an equal degree ! art ( clo?+ 8 ideas ) ! same easy grace4 ,:5 we reflect on ! s+ul> p]fection ( 8 /yle1 we are n surpris$ t he pres]v$ x ) ! mo/ jeal\s wat*fulness4 ,he 0 c>eful n to accu/om 8 m9d to ! use ( any language except ,italian1 & nev] knew m ( ,g]man ?an ! few words suffici5t1 z he =cibly expresses x1 to save 8 life4 ,_m nobles ( ,vi5na paid him ! complim5t ( le>n+ 8 language = ! sake ( conv]s+ ) him1 & ,italian be+ 9 common use among ! well-educat$1 he did n lose s mu* z might be expect$3 yet he mu/ h felt ! privation4 ,he 0 "r1 h[ev]1 9 adh]+ to 8 resolution4 ,he 0 settl$ at ,vi5na = life1 :ile at ! same "t 8 pres5t occupation & 8 future glory dep5d$ on 8 pres]v+ un9jur$ t delicacy ( ta/e1 & felicity ( expression 9 8 native language1 :i* *>act]ises 8 compositions4 ,b to return to 8 op]as4 ,he himself has said1 t if he 7 =c$ to select "o ( 8 dramas to be pres]v$1 :ile all ! re/ 7 annihilat$1 he %\ld fix ^u ,attilio ,regulo4 ,! pr9cipal action ( ?is play1 f\nd$ on ! well-kn[n h]oism ( ,regulus1 9 dissuad+ 8 c\ntrym5 f an ex*ange ( prison]s1 & 8 consequ5t return to s]vitude & a cruel dea? 9 ,c>?age1 is conduct$ ) dignity & pa?os4 ,b ! int]e/ ( ! piece is some:at m>r$ by an und]plot1 & ! airs int]sp]s$ are n among 8 be/4 ,p]haps we are incl9$ to give ! pref]5ce among !m to ,!mi/ocles3 ! dignity ( ! subject raises x to ?is pre-em95ce2 b 9 pa?os1 t5d]ness1 & impassion$ dialogue1 ! ,olimpiade is unequall$4 ,devot$ fri5d%ip =ms ! action2 ! p]sonages are plac$ 9 ! mo/ int]e/+ situations1 & ! language is su/a9$ to ! height ( ^? emotions :i* ! cla% ( h]oic feel+s w\ld inspire4 ,!re are sc5es 9 ,dem(oonte z f9e z any to be f\nd 9 ,meta/asio1 b !re is a r$uplication ( plot :i* m>s ! unity ( ! action2 z1 aft] deeply sympa?is+ ) ! h]o 9 8 fe>s conc]n+ 8 wife's fate1 ?r\gh ne>ly f\r acts1 we are some:at exhau/$1 & _c well reawak5 o!r s5tim5ts1 to m\rn ov] ! relation%ip t he imag9es t he has discov]$ to exi/ betwe5 !m4 ,voltaire & o!rs h prais$ ! sc5e betwe5 ,titus & ,se/us 9 ! ,clem5za di ,tito1 z surpass+ ! repres5tation ( any simil> /ruggle ( feel+ 9 any o!r dramatic poet2 & ! airs 9 t piece are among 8 happie/ compositions4 ,x 0 ! poet's aim & pleasure1 9 all 8 writ+s1 to make virtue attractive1 & to pa9t patriotism1 self-sacrifice & ! be/ affections ( ! s\l1 9 gl[+ & allur+ col\rs4 ,?is gives a great *>m to 8 dramas4 ,we live among a bett] race1 & yet ! sorr[s & passions & errors ( ! p]sonages are repres5t$ 9 a mann] to call =? our livelie/ sympa?y4 ,a he>tfelt pa?os reigns ?r\gh\t1 & if passages ( sublimity are r>e 7?\gh !re are sev]al :i* m]it t "n71 ! elevat$ moral feel+ acts on our m9ds to prev5t ! en]vat+ influ5ce ( m]e t5d]ness & grief4#ej ,besides 8 dramas1 ,meta/asio compos$ at ?is p]iod two canzonetti1 :i* are among ! be/ ( 8 productions4 ,! ,grazie agli +anni tuoi1 or ?anks ( a lov] to 8 lady = hav+ dis5*ant$ him by h] caprices1 is writt5 at once ) feel+ & _s4 ,! ,p>t5za is yet m beautiful4 ,x 0 f\nd$ on ! un=tunate atta*m5t ( a ,vi5nese nobleman = a public s+]1 :o at la/ yield$ to ! entreaties ( 8 fri5ds1 9 deta*+ himself f h]1 on condition t ,meta/asio %\ld write "s v]ses ( adieu4 ,! lov] mu/ h be5 satisfi$1 & ! lady *>m$1 despite regret1 by ! passion1 t5d]ness1 & beauty ( ! poem :i* celebrates _! sep>ation4 ,meta/asio's tranquil & prosp]\s life 0 brok5 9 ^u 9 #agdj1 by ! dea? ( ! emp]or ,*>les ,,vi41 :o fell a victim to ei!r poison or indige/ion1 aft] eat+ mu%rooms4 ,! poet 0 unfeign$ly atta*$ to 8 imp]ial ma/]1 ^: moral & religi\s "* 0 cong5ial to 8 own2 & ! di/urb$ /ate ( ,europe1 imm$iately aft]1 add$ to 8 regret4 ,?is pr9ce _h no son1 & 8 daught]1 ,m>ia ,t]esa1 succe$$ to him z que5 ( ,bohemia & ,hung>y4 ,h] husb& aspir$ to ! imp]ial cr[n2 b ! influ5ce ( ,france caus$ ! duke ( ,bav>ia to be elect$1 "u ! title ( ,*>les ,,vii4 ,?is disappo9tm5t 0 n ! only mis=tune ( ! que52 ! k+ ( ,prussia invad$ ,silesia almo/ imm$iately aft] h] fa!r's dea?1 & ,vi5na be+ ?reat5$ ) a siege1 %e 0 oblig$ to quit x1 & to take refuge 9 ,presburg4 ,aft] a reign ( f\r ye>s1 ,*>les ,,vii4 di$1 & ! husb& ( ,m>ia ,t]esa1 !n gr& duke ( ,tuscany1 0 elect$ emp]or 9 ! ye> #agde1 "u ! "n ( ,francis ,i43 b ! w> /ill cont9u$1 & its v>i\s success1 & ! disa/]s1 ) :i* x 0 att5d$1 gave ! c\rt little leisure or incl9ation = amusem5t1 until ! peace ( ,aix-la-,*apelle4 ,on ! dea? ( ,*>les ,,vi41 sev]al ( ! ,european sov]eigns invit$ ,meta/asio to _! c\rts1 & made him advantage\s & hon\rable (f]s2 b1 z ,m>ia ,t]esa /ill cont9u$ him 9 ! place he held "u h] fa!r1 ! poet felt t fidelity & gratitude alike =bade him to *ange ma/]s dur+ h] adv]sity4 ,8 naturally s5sitive m9d 0 /rongly agitat$ by ! v>i\s success ( ! empress que5's arms4 ,8 susceptibility ( disposition did n all[ him to reg>d ! c\rse ( ev5ts ) a /oical eye2 & to ! disquietude he suff]$ is attribut$ ! bad /ate ( heal? into :i* he fell aft] ! ye> #agde1 :5 he 0 =ty-sev5 ye>s ( age4 ,8 malady 0 *iefly n]v\s2 hy/]ical affections1 & a ru% ( blood to ! head1 7 br\ght on by ! slighte/ m5tal ex]tion1 foll[$ by a total tempor>y inability to write1 or ev5 to ?9k3 he 0 ?us oblig$ entirely to susp5d 8 poetic lab\rs2 & :5 he =c$ himself to !m1 !y be> ! m>k ( a fall+ (f 9 8 p[]s4 ,x _c be d\bt$ t ?is un=tunate /ate 0 br\ght on 9 a great degree by climate4 ,he 0 a native ( ,rome1 &1 till ! age ( ?irty-two1 _h resid$ con/antly 9 ! s\? ( ,italy4 ,:at a dre>y contra/ did ,vi5na pres5t to ! en*ant+ l& 9 :i* he pass$ 8 y\?6 ,! cle> skies1 ! p]petual summ]1 ! *e]ful feel+s produc$ by ! habits ( a s\!rn life1 7 injuri\sly *ang$ = ! gloom ( ! freez+ nor?4 ,! v precautions :i* ! natives take to protect !mselves f cold dur+ ! int]m9able w9t]s1 ! /oves1 clos$ w9d[s1 & consequ5t want ( fre% air & heal?y ex]cise1 be+ 9 diametrical opposition to ! m h>dy habits ( s\!rn nations1 are injuri\s to ! heal? & spirits ( ^? :o are accu/om$ to reg>d ! skiey influ5ces z fri5dly in/ead ( inimical to _! com=t & well-be+4 ,meta/asio nev] left ,g]many aft] he fir/ ent]$ x4 ,a "p ( 8 occupation1 9 ! sequel1 became ! tea*+ ! ar*du*esses1 daught]s ( ,m>ia ,t]esa1 ,italian3 ?is 0 an (fice he felt t he c\ld n des]t1 ) any grace1 ev5 = a limit$ numb] ( mon?s4 ,! k9dness ( ! empress 9 yield+ to ! total susp5sion ( all !atrical composition on 8 "p1 =c$ on him by ill heal?1 b\nd him yet m devot$ly to h]4 ,z he grew old]1 he became a man ( habit1 & consequ5tly av]se to travell+4 ,x is impossible1 h[ev]1 n to believe1 t if he _h v>i$ 8 resid5ce 9 ,g]many by occasional visits to 8 native c\ntry1 ! disease "u :i* he lab\r$1 :i* embitt]$ ?\gh x did n %ort5 exi/5ce1 w\ld h be5 dissipat$ & cur$4 ,meta/asio's life1 we are told1 is only to be f\nd 9 8 lett]s1 yet ^! detail no ev5t2 "o ( !m conta9s1 inde$1 an (f] ( m>riage to a lady1 ^: "n is omitt$3 x is well writt51 & ) consid]able delicacy ( s5tim5t2 b1 z he _h no acqua9tance ) ! object1 & aspir$ to h] alliance on acc\nt ( h] "*1 & 8 fri5d%ip = h] fa!r1 8 feel+s c\ld n be v deeply int]e/$4 ,_m ( 8 lett]s are address$ to 8 bro!r1 & !y display a w>m int]e/ = 8 family4 ,aft] ! dea? ( ,m>ianna1 ! managem5t ( 8 affairs 9 ,italy devolv$ on 8 relatives1 & _m are tak5 up ) directions & advice4 ,leopold1 & ! re/ ( ,meta/asio's family1 fell into ! common error ( suppos+1 t s9ce he 0 9 fav\r at c\rt1 ! greate/ prosp]ity w\ld fl[ 9 ^u him4 ,! poet endeav\r$ to undeceive him3--,pr9ces & _! satellites1 he writes1 h nei!r ! w nor p[] to conf] b5efits correspond5t to ! notions p are pleas$ to =m4 ,i d n "k :at def9ition m]it be>s among !m2 & ,i religi\sly ab/a9 f inquir+1 plac+ x among ^? my/]ies :i* are beyond1 ?\gh n contr>y to1 our und]/&+4 ,foll[+ ^! pr9ciples1 ,i d all t is en\gh to prev5t my feel+ remorse = s9s ( omission2 b ,i nev] all[ hope to int]f]e 9 ! guidance ( my cauti\s l9e ( conduct4 ,x is a long "t s9ce ,i h ceas$ to be ! dupe ( hope1 & x w\ld be %ameful to become su* at our age4 ,expect less1 !re=e1 on my acc\nt1 & y w f9d ! scales m ev54 ,?is lett] speaks m freely ?an any o!r1 z ,i write only = y1 & among o!r e>?ly goods1 ,i desire = y ! mo/ useful ( all1--a cle> p]ception1 if n ( all1 ( ! great] "p ( ^? innum]able errors1 contract$ ?r\gh our lam5table education1 & our int]c\rse ) fools4 ,^! s5tim5ts did n float m]ely on ! surface ( ,meta/asio's m9d1--he made !m ! guides ( 8 actions4 ,z he says1 gratitude & duty regulat$ 8 conduct1 b no s]vile hunt+ aft] great] b5efits m+l$ ) ! def]5ce he manife/$ t[>ds ^? 9 p[]4 ,he act$ on ! def5sive 9 8 int]c\rse ) c\rts1 ) su* consi/5cy ( purpose1 t he refus$ ! hon\rs *iefly valu$ !re1 & decl9$ ! v>i\s ord]s1 & ! title ( c\nt1 :i* ! emp]or ,*>les ,,vi4 _h (f]$ to be/[ on him4 ,x is f passages su* z ^!1 int]sp]s$ 9 8 lett]s1 t we c collect ! peculi> "* ( ! man--8 diff]5ce f o!rs--& ! me*anism ( be+ t r5d]$ him ! individual t he 04 ,su*1 ,dr4 ,johnson rem>ks1 is ! true end ( biography1 & he recomm5ds ! br++ =w>d ( m9ute1 yet *>act]i/ic details1 z ess5tial to ?is /yle ( hi/ory2 to foll[ :i* precept has be5 ! aim & desire ( ! writ] ( ^! pages4 ,9 o!r lett]s ,meta/asio writes conc]n+ 8 works1 & expla9s 8 views 9 ! developem5t ( 8 dramas2 b he nev] makes himself ! subject-matt] )\t an apology4 ,nev] 9 my life1 he writes on "o occasion1 did ,i be=e write s mu* conc]n+ myself4 ,i p]ceive ?is at ! end ( my lett]1 & blu%1 n because ,i feel myself guilty ( too great self-love1 b because ,i %all appe> s to y4 ,rememb] t few p di/ru/ !mselves to a fault1 z ,i d2 & 9 communicat+ to y ! p]fection :i* ,i desire to atta91 ,i d n fancy t ,i am exempt f ^? defects1 to :i* human nature & my own weakness expose me4 ,all 8 lett]s to 8 bro!r express ! mo/ e>ne/ & affectionate int]e/4 ,x is ! m necess>y to m5tion ?is1 z "o ( ! calumnies propagat$ aga9/ him 01 an av]sion to r5d] s]vice to 8 relatives4 ,y "k1 he writes to 8 bro!r1 t y\r hon\r & welf>e h always be5 ! objects ( my solicitude1 & t ,i nev] propos$ to myself any rew>d1 except ! agreeable consci\sness t my endeav\rs to introduce y & su/a9 y 9 ! c>e] ( lett]s1 h n fail$ ( success2 if y ?9k t y owe me any gratitude1 pay x by increas+ my self-satisfaction on ?is acc\nt4 ,y c nev] %[ y\rself m g5]\s to me ?an by m]it+ t e/eem :i* beg9s to be y\r due4 ,on ! dea? ( _! fa!r he writes ) great feel+3--,! loss ( our poor fa!r did n surprise1 :ile x fill$ me ) ! livelie/ grief4 ,i measure y\r sorr[ by my own4 ,i feel t x w require "t to r5d] me reasonable4 ,i ?ank y = y\r frat]nal k9dness 9 ! mid/ ( y\r affliction4 ,de> bro!r1 y n[ fill ! place ( a fa!r 9 8 /ead3 d x wor?ily1 & if !re is any ?+ t ,i c d to com=t y1 dem& x f me )\t res]ve3 y\r consolation w produce m9e4 ,my poor si/]s6--h[ lo/ !y w feel !mselves6 take c>e ( !m1 de> ,leopold3 reflect h[ mu* few] supports !y h ?an we aga9/ ! assaults ( passion1 especially ( t feel+ :i* is d]iv$ f ! mo/ sacr$ ( nature's laws4 ,adieu4 ,if ,i h always lov$ y1 consid] h[ ?is affection is augm5t$ by ! loss ( him :o possess$ be=e s l>ge a proportion ( x4 ,let y\rs increase also4 ,8 bro!r di/+ui%$ himself aft]w>ds by "s writ+s 9 fav\r ( religion2 & x appe>s t he ev5 _h ! design ( writ+ ! poet's ,life4 ,meta/asio1 :ile he prais$ ,leopold = occupy+ himself 9 a praisewor?y mann]1 advis$ him aga9/ publi%+ controv]sial argum5ts1 :i* w\ld occasion him to be attack$ by ! clev]e/ m5 ( ,europe2 & :i*1 d\btless1 7 n /amp$ ) t tal5t :i* c\ld insure success4 ,meta/asio1 :ile deprecat+ ! spread ( unbelief occasion$ by ! ,fr5* philosoph]s ( ^? days1 yet jo9$ ) ! ?rong 9 fe>+ _! attacks1 & 9 flatt]+ ,voltaire1--%[+ 9 h[ great awe he /ood ( ! enmity & s>casm ( t wond]ful man4 ,x is suppos$ t ,leopold di$ 9 #aggj1 aft] :i* date no m lett]s appe> address$ to him4 ,"o ( ! pr9cipal correspond5ts ( ,meta/asio1 & to :om 8 mo/ agreeable lett]s are address$1 is ,f>9elli4 ,! poet & ! s+] 7 ne>ly ( ! same age2 bo? began _! c>e] at ,naples at ! same "t2 :i* causes ,meta/asio to give 8 fri5d ! affectionate appellation ( 8 tw94 ,bo? met ) imm$iate & complete success2 & !y =m$ a fri5d%ip1 :i* ! lett]s ( ! poet prove to h be5 ma9ta9$ on 8 side ) s5tim5ts ( ! w>me/ affection1 & ! mo/ active wi% to r5d] s]vice4 ,aft] hav+ met ) ! greate/ applause 9 ! v>i\s !atres ( ,europe1 ,f>9elli 0 invit$ to ,spa91 9 #agcg2 :]e 8 voice _h ! peculi> effect ( calm+ & solac+ ! accesses ( malady to :i* ! k+1 ,philip ,v41 0 subject4 ,on ?is acc\nt he 0 reta9$ at ! ,spani% c\rt1 a l>ge income 0 settl$ on him1 & he nev] sang aga9 on ! public /age1 be+1 to please ! ,spani% notions ( etiquette1 made cavali] ( ! ord]s ( ,/4 ,jago & ,calatrava1 t he might be consid]$ ( rank suffici5t to att5d ! private h\rs ( ! mon>*4 ,philip ,v4 di$ 9 #agdf1 b ,f>9elli cont9u$ 9 equal fav\r ) 8 successor4 ,8 prosp]ity cont9u$ till ! accession ( ,*>les ,,iii41 9 #agfc1 :5 he 0 ord]$ to quit ,spa91 &1 ) s+ul> cruelty1 n p]mitt$ to make *oice ( an abode4 ,at la/1 ,bologna 0 prescrib$ to him z ! place t w\ld be/ please ! ,spani% mon>*1--we are n told = :at reason1 except t ,f>9elli 0 z a =eign] 9 t city1 & cut (f f all p]sonal int]c\rse ) 8 fri5ds4 ,an int]e/+ volume might be =m$ out ( ,meta/asio's lett]s to ! s+]4 ,!y are full ( en?usia/ic fri5d%ip2 n[ dwell+ on alt]ations made to op]as = ! peculi> b5efit ( ,f>9elli1--n[ on m p]sonal topics4 ,meta/asio's days 7 cl\d$ by ill heal?1 & 8 g5ius impair$ ?r\gh ! same cause2 b x did n *eck ! ov]fl[ ( 8 k9d he>t1 nor injure ! happy influ5ce ( 8 cont5t$ disposition4 ,x is difficult1 h[ev]1 to select passages1 s9ce ! int]e/ consi/s 9 ! op5ness1 fri5d%ip1 & w>m? ( ! :ole1 & m]e isolat$ extracts w\ld be devoid ( attraction4 ,! :ole correspond5ce is replete ) frank exhibitions ( ! writ]'s m9d1 & ! /yle is rem>kable = its vivacity z well z elegance4 ,) ! exception ( 8 physical suff]+s1 :i* 7 r annoy+ ?an pa9ful1 & t s5sibility ( "* :i* c\ld n fail to *equ] 8 life ) a ?\s& v>i\s emotions1 ,meta/asio's latt] ye>s 0 s+ul>ly prosp]\s1 & p]fectly monoton\s4 ,a few weeks sp5t ea* autumn 9 ,moravia 0 8 only *ange4 ,! empress k9dly excus$ him f =c+ 8 p[]s to compose new dramas1 & 8 occupation pr9cipally consi/$ 9 ! easy task ( in/ruct+ ! ar*du*esses 9 ,italian4 ,:5 ! empress ,m>ia ,!resa di$1 ! emp]or ,joseph ,,ii4 cont9u$ to him 8 protection2 & ! e/eem & ev5 affection 9 :i* he 0 held at ! imp]ial c\rt prev5t$ ! dea? ( 8 b5efactress f injur+ 8 =tunes1 or di/urb+ 8 repose4 ,he fill$1 h[ev]1 a place 9 ! public eye :i* expos$ him to a good deal ( tr\ble4 ,z ! fir/ ,italian poet ( ! day1 ea* m9or aspirant to ! laurel s5t _! v]ses = 8 criticism1 or r approval4 ,he has be5 accus$ ( lavi%+ praise )\t mod]ation or judgm5t4 ,x is difficult = "o au?or n to flatt] o!r au?ors1 s9ce sev]ity ( criticism w be attribut$ to envy or ill-hum\r2 &1 besides1 ! ,italian g5ius is s+ul>ly incl9$ to sup]lative panegyric4 ,b x may be rem>k$ t1 ?\gh ,meta/asio gilds ! pill1 he nev] fails1 p>ticul>ly to 8 fri5ds1 to po9t out ! weak po9ts ( _! works1 & to be/[ sagaci\s & valuable obs]vations4 ,:5 ,dr4 ,burney visit$ ,vi5na 9 #aggb1 ,meta/asio 0 an old man2 & 8 life1 un9t]rupt$ by any ev5ts1 fl[$ on 9 "o unbrok5 & quiet /ream4 ,he lives1 writes ! doctor1 ) ! mo/ me*anical regul>ity1 :i* he suff]s none to di/urb4 ,he has n d9$ f home ^! ?irty ye>s4 ,he /udies f eight o'clock 9 ! morn+ till noon4 ,!n he is visit$ by 8 acqua9tance4 ,he d9es at two2 & at five receives 8 mo/ intimate fri5ds4 ,at n9e1 9 summ]1 he goes out 9 8 c>riage1 pays visits1 & sometimes plays at ombre4 ,he returns at t5 o'clock1 sups1 & goes to b$ be=e elev54 ,9 conv]sation he is con/antly *e]ful2 fanciful1 playful1 & sometimes poetical2 nev] s>ca/ic or disputati\s2 totally devoid ( curiosity conc]n+ ! public news or private sc&al 9 circulation2 ! morality ( 8 s5tim5ts resembles t ( 8 life4 ,9 confid5ce ) few1 b polite to all1 8 affection to 8 c\ntrym5 is great1 & ext5ds to ecclesia/ics1 pa9t]s1 musicians1 poets1 & m9i/]s f ! ,italian /ates1 :o are all sure ( 8 k9dness & good (fices4 ,i 0 no less a/oni%$ ?an delight$ to f9d him look s well2 he does n seem m ?an fifty ye>s ( age4 ,!re is pa9t$ on 8 c\nt5ance ! g5ius1 goodness1 propriety1 & b5evol5ce1 :i* *>act]ise 8 writ+s4 ,i c\ld n keep my eyes (f 8 face1--x 0 s pleas+ & wor?y ( contemplation4 ,he ?us sp5t 9 ease & peace ! la/ ye>s ( 8 life4 ,x has be5 said t1 l ,dr4 ,johnson1 he _h a great av]sion to any allusion be+ made to dea? 9 conv]sation1 & c>efully avoid$ all lugubri\s subjects4 ,he cont9u$ to live ) 8 fri5d ,m>t9etz1 ^: daught]1 ,m>ianne1 be+ educat$ by ,gluck1 became a celebrat$ musician2 & 9 ?is family he met ) t respect1 atta*m5t1 & att5tion t r5d]$ old age easy4 ,8 la/ lett] 0 writt5 to ,f>9elli4 ,he compla9s ( ! dreadful season1 & says1 t he _c f9d a fri5d or acqua9tance :o does n compla9 ( ill heal?4--,we are all equally oblig$1 he writes1 to h rec\rse to resignation4 ,my neighb\r prays = me1 & ,i pray = my neighb\r2 & we all are wi%+ bett] heal? to our afflict$ fri5ds4 ,my compla9ts ob/9ately def5d _! po/s1 & ,i my pati5ce4 ,?is lett] is dat$ 9 ,m>*1 #aghb1 & 0 writt5 b a %ort "t be=e he di$4 ,?\gh advanc$ to ! age ( eighty-f\r1 8 dea? 0 unexpect$1 z ! vig\r ( 8 con/itution1 & 8 vivacity & unbrok5 p[]s1 promis$ sev]al ye>s m ( life2 nor did 8 n]v\s indispositions ?reat5 dissolution1 = !y nei!r int]f]$ ) 8 sleep nor appetite1 nor ! enjoym5t he bo? conf]r$ & receiv$ 9 8 dome/ic circle4 ,a fev]1 att5d$ ) weakness & loss ( spee*1 & le?>gy1 c>ri$ him (f aft] an illness ( only twelve days4 ,he di$ tranquilly1 & )\t pa91 on ! #ab? ( ,april1 #aghb4 ,he left ! family ( ,m>t9etz 8 heirs to consid]able weal?2 8 prop]ty consi/+ ( ab\t #acj1jjj flor9s1 9 addition to _m valuables pres5t$ to him by sov]eign pr9ces4 ,he 0 s9c]ely regrett$ at ,vi5na2 & ,m>t9etz /ruck a m$al 9 8 hon\r4 ,nor 0 he =gott5 9 8 native c\ntry2 & ! v>i\s lit]>y academies ( ,italy vi$ ) ea* o!r 9 (f]+ poetic te/imonials ( v5]ation to 8 wor? & g5ius4 ,footnote #dg3 ,ah1 tu non sai ,qual gu]ra di p5si]i ,agita l'alma mia4 99 99 99 99 ,trovo p] tutto ,qual*e scoglio a tem]4 ,scelgo1 mi p5to2 ,poi d' ess]mi p5tito ,mi ritorno a p5tir4 ,mi /anco intanto ,nel lungo dubit>1 tal *e dal male ,il b5 non di/+uo3 alf9 mi veggio ,/etto dal tempo1 e mi risolvo al peggio4 ,ah1 ?\ kn[e/ n ! w> ( /ruggl+ ?\ghts ,t agitates my s\l4 ,i f9d 9 all ,"s p]il /ill to dread4 ,i *oose2 & !n1 ,my *oice rep5t--& !n aga9 regret ,hav+ rep5t$2 :ile protract$ d\bt ,we>ies my m9d1 s t ! ill f good ,no long] ,i di/+ui%2 till at l5g? ,! flight ( "t impels me to ! wor/4 ,footnote #dh3 ,we h made no rem>k on ! nature ( ?is k9d-he>t$ & g5]\s woman's atta*m5t4 ,9 ,italy x is cu/om>y to look on su* z =m$ by fri5d%ip only1 & to consid] t !y are r5d]$ respectable by con/ancy4 ,! ,italians lavi% ! greate/ praise on ,m>ianna ,bulg>elli = h] p]ception ( ! poet's m]its1 h] zeal 9 p]suad+ him to1 & assi/+ him 91 8 ardu\s c>e]2 & ! dis9t]e/$ affection :i* caus$ h] at once to make a sacrifice ( h] own feel+s1 & to advise 8 j\rney to ,vi5na4 ,h] errors are ^? ( h] c\ntry4 ,any "o :o has visit$ ,italy mu/ at once c5sure1 & deeply deplore1 ! social sy/em !re c>ri$ on--a sy/em :i* blights ! affections1 degrades ! moral feel+1 & causes almo/ univ]sal unhapp9ess4 ,b x is unju/ to heap ! c5sure ( a sy/em belong+ to a :ole c\ntry1 & c>ri$ on = c5turies1 on ! head ( an individual1 ^: virtues1 we may presume to say1 r$eem$ an error1 ! v exi/5ce ( :i* is1 aft] all1 unc]ta94 ,footnote #di3 ,b>etti4 ,footnote #ej3 ,!re is a curi\s in/ance 9 ,meta/asio ( a poet us+ ! same image adopt$ by a prec$+ writ]1 :i* yet1 x is probable1 t ! lat] "o _h n read4 ,! explanation may be1 t bo? drew x f an anci5t writ]2 b we h be5 unable to f9d x4 ,! passages are subjo9$ z1 if bo? are unborr[$1 x =ms a curi\s ?\gh natural co9cid5ce ( ?\ght4 ,& z goodly c$>s1 ,r5t f ,oeta by a sweep+ tempe/1 ,jo9t$ aga91 & made tall ma/s1 defy ,^? angry w9ds t split 'em1 s w ,i ,new piec$ aga91 ,& made m p]fect f>1 ,/& & defy bad =tunes4 ,,flet*]1 ,trag$y ( ,val5t9ian4 ,spezza il furor del v5to ,robu/a qu]cia1 avezza ,di c5to v]ni1 e c5to ,l' +urie a toll]>4 ,e se pur cade al suolo ,spiega p] l' onde il volo1 ,e con quel v5to i/esso ,va contra/&o il m> ,adriano4 ,,goldoni #agjg-agib4 ,! life ( ,goldoni1 writt5 by himself1 is1 z well z 8 com$ies1 a s*ool1 n ( crabb$ philosophy1 b ( ,italian mann]s1 9 _! gaye/1 lighte/ guise4 ,at a "t :5 x is hop$ t a *ange is tak+ place 9 ! sy/em ( society 9 t c\ntry1 result+ 9 a great degree f ! conc\rse ( ,engli%1 x is int]e/+ to obs]ve :at !y 7 ant]ior to ! ,fr5* revolution1 & to rem>k ! /ate ( ! ,italians be=e !y awoke to ! s5se ( _! oppression1 or1 r1 :ile oppression 0 9 ex]cise only ( ! fir/ ( its effects--! demoralisation ( its victim1 be=e ! second /age ( its influ5ce1 t ( produc+ a noble & impati5t disda9 ( s]vitude4 ,c>lo ,goldoni 0 born at ,v5ice1 9 ! ye> #agjg1 9 a l>ge & good h\se1 situat$ betwe5 ! bridge ( ,nomboli & t ( ,donna ,one/a4 ,! ,v5etians1 :o1 :5 on l&1 sp5d _! lives 9 runn+ up & d[n ! bridges t cross ! canals1 make !m ! *ief l&-m>ks ( _! directions4 ,! family ( ,goldoni came orig9ally f ,mod5a4 ,8 gr&fa!r1 :ile /udy+ at ,p>ma1 =m$ an intimacy ) two ,v5etian nobles1 :o p]suad$ him to accompany !m to ,v5ice2 & ! dea? ( 8 fa!r r5d]+ him soon aft] indep5d5t1 he e/abli%$ himself 9 ! native city ( 8 fri5ds4 ,he _h an employm5t "u gov]nm5t1 & 0 suffici5tly ri*1 b n at all economical4 ,he lov$ ! drama2 com$ies 7 play$ 9 8 own h\se2 ! mo/ celebrat$ actors & s+]s 7 at 8 ord]s2 & he 0 = ev] surr\nd$ by a conc\rse ( !atrical p4 ,8 son _h m>ri$ a lady ( ! ,salvioni family1 & resid$ ) 8 fa!r4 ,c>lo 0 born 9 ! mid/ ( all ! bu/le & hil>ity att5dant on a pr$ilection = actors & act+3 8 fir/ pleasures 7 d]iv$ f plays2 8 fir/ recollections 7 ( hi/rionic gaiety2 & 8 future life reta9$ ! col\r+ imp>t$ by ! amusem5ts ( 8 e>ly ye>s4 ,he 0 ! delight ( ! family4 ,8 "m devot$ h]self to 8 education1 & 8 fa!r to 8 amusem5t4 ,he made a puppet !atre = him1 &1 ) two or ?ree fri5ds1 drew ! cords & act$ plays to ! boy's inf9ite delight4 ,b a *ange soon came ov] ?is holiday life4 ,8 gr&fa!r di$1 9 #agab1 f ! effects ( a cold1 caught at an assembly4 ,8 extravagance _h dissipat$ 8 =tune2 &1 f abundance & luxury1 ! family fell into ! n>r[e/ circum/ances4 ,! prospects ( ! fa!r ( ,goldoni 7 d>k4 ,he _h no employm5t & no pr(ession1 & 8 inh]it$ prop]ty 0 all sold or mortgag$4 ,9 ! mid/ ( ?is di/ress1 8 wife gave bir? to a son3 ?is add$ to ! solicitude ( ! fa!r2 b1 unwill+ to be ! prey ( useless gnaw+ c>es1 he set out on a visit to ,rome1 = ! sake ( div]t+ 8 ?\ghts4 ,8 wife rema9$ at home ) h] si/]1 & two sons4 ,! second1 nev] a fav\rite1 0 put out to nurse2 & %e devot$ h]self to ,c>lo4 ,he 0 g5tle1 ob$i5t1 & quiet4 ,at ! age ( f\r he c\ld read & write & say 8 cate*ism2 on :i* !y gave him a tutor4 ,he grew to love books1 & made progress 9 gramm>1 geography1 & ari?metic2 b ! old in/9ct surviv$1 & plays 7 8 fav\rite read+4 ,!re 7 a good _m 9 8 fa!r's libr>y3 he por$ ov] !m at 8 leisure h\rs1 copi$ ! passages t pleas$ him mo/2 &1 incit$ by a noble h>dihood1 at ! age ( eight1 wrote a com$y4 ,"s laugh$ at x2 8 "m scold$ & kiss$ him at ! same "t2 :ile o!rs insi/$ t x 0 too clev] to h be5 writt5 by a *ild ( 8 age1 & t 8 tutor mu/ h help$ him4 ,mean:ile 8 fa!r1 in/ead ( return+ aft] a %ort visit1 rema9$ f\r ye>s at ,rome4 ,he _h a ri* fri5d !re1 :o receiv$ him cordially1 lodg$ him 9 8 own h\se1 & introduc$ him to ,lancisi1 physician & private att5dant to ,clem5t ,,xi4 ,he atta*$ himself w>mly to ,goldoni1 :o 0 clev] & agreeable1 & s\ght to advance himself4 ,lancisi advis$ him to /udy m$ic9e4 ,! advice 0 tak54 ,aft] att5d+ lectures & hospitals = f\r ye>s at ,rome1 he took 8 doctor's degree2 & 8 patron s5t him to ,p]ugia to ex]cise 8 pr(ession4 ,he became 9 vogue 9 ?is t[n3 if he 7 n ! be/ physician 9 ! _w1 he 0 an agreeable man1 & quickly ga9$ ! e/eem & fri5d%ip ( ! fir/ families4 ,?us =tunately situat$1 he resolv$ to h 8 son ) him4 ,he does n appe> to h ?\ght ( invit+ 8 wife also2 & ! "m & *ild 7 sep>at$1 to ! deep grief ( ! =m]4 ,c>lo quitt$ ,v5ice = ! fir/ "t1 9 a felucca4 ,he disemb>k$ at ! m\? ( ! ,m>ec*ia1 & x 0 propos$ t he %\ld cont9ue 8 j\rney on horseback4 ,c>lo _h nev] se5 a horse except at a di/ance3 he 0 fright5$ :5 plac$ on ! saddle1 confus$ :5 told to hold re9s & :ip2 b1 z ! novelty wore (f1 he made acqua9tance ) ?is new & /range animal1 & f$ him ) 8 own h&s4 ,on arriv+ at ,p]ugia he 0 plac$ at s*ool4 ,8 fir/ trial by ! ma/]s1 = ! purpose ( judg+ :at progress he _h made 9 ,lat91 0 infelicit\s2 he became ! ridicule ( 8 companions2 8 ma/]s conceiv$ a slight op9ion ( 8 abilities2 8 fa!r 0 9 despair1 & ,c>lo fell ill f mortification4 ,! holidays drew ne>1 :5 x 0 usual = ! s*ol>s to pres5t a ,lat9 composition1 z a specim5 ( _! p[]s1 on :i* _! advancem5t to a high] class 0 det]m9$ ^u4 ,c>lo _h no hope ( any su* promotion4 ,! day came3 ! ma/] gave out ! !me2 ! pupils wrote4 ,! boy summon$ all 8 p[]s2 he ?\ght ( 8 hon\r1 8 fa!r1 8 "m2 he saw 8 companions look at him & laugh2 rage & %ame animat$ him to r$\bl$ ex]tions2 he felt 8 memory cle>--8 ?\ghts free3 he f9i%$1 seal$1 & deliv]$ 8 pap] be=e any ( 8 comrades4 ,eight days aft]1 ! s*ool 0 assembl$--! decision ann\nc$3 ,goldoni _h ! fir/ place--8 translation 0 )\t a fault4 ,he n[ receiv$ complim5ts on all sides1 & 8 fa!r 0 desir\s ( rew>d+ him4 ,he 0 aw>e ( 8 love = !atricals1 & %>$ x4 ,he assembl$ a company ( "y actors 9 8 own h\se1 & erect$ a !atre4 ,a play 0 got up1 9 :i* ,goldoni took ! "p ( prima donna1 & 0 mu* applaud$2 b 8 fa!r told him t1 ?\gh n devoid ( tal5t1 he w\ld nev] make a good actor1 & aft] exp]i5ce prov$ ! ju/ice ( 8 decision4 ,! signora ,goldoni bore h] husb&'s abs5ce v philosophically2 b %e c\ld n cons5t to cont9ue sep>at$ f h] son3 %e entreat$ h] husb& to return2 &1 on 8 refusal1 remov$ h]self to ,p]ugia4 ,b1 accu/om$ to ! s(t air ( ,v5ice1 ! climate ( t city1 plac$ on ! summit ( a hill1 & surr\nd$ by m\nta9s1 disagre$ ) h]3 o!r circum/ances t5d$ to disgu/ h] husb& ) ,p]ugia2 &1 z soon z ,c>lo _h f9i%$ 8 c\rse ( education at ! s*ool1 !y resolv$ to return to ,v5ice4 ,pass+ ?r\gh ,rim9i 9 _! way1 !y 7 receiv$ k9dly by a fri5d1 :o p]suad$ !m to leave ,c>lo = ! sake ( 8 pursu+ 8 /udies "u a celebrat$ pr(essor4 ,8 p>5ts emb>k$ = ,*iozza4 ,*iozza is a t[n tw5ty-five miles f ,v5ice1 built1 l t city1 ^u piles 9 ! mid/ ( ! sea2 x conta9s #dj1jjj inhabitants2 ! population 7 divid$ betwe5 ri* & poor2 ! ri* wore a wig & a cloak2 ! poor1 a cap & a capote4 ,^! la/1 :o 7 fi%]m5 & sailors1 :ile _! wives fabricat$ lace1 _h (t5 m money ?an _m individuals ( ! class nam$ ri*4 ,! signora ,goldoni took a lik+ to ?is place2 & h] husb& 0 av]se to return to ,v5ice till 8 circum/ances %\ld h become m easy4 ,to fur!r ?is end1 he 0 oblig$ to make a j\rney to ,mod5a3 he propos$ to 8 wife to e/abli% h]self at ,*iozza till 8 return2 & %e cons5t$4 ,c>lo1 mean:ile1 rema9$ at ,rim9i4 ,he did n l 8 ma/]1 :o1 bigott$ to rules & sy/ems1 we>i$ him to dea?3 he escap$ f him1 to read ,plautus1 ,t]5ce1 ,ari/ophanes1 & ! fragm5ts ( ,m5&]2 & soon ! inc>nate _s ( drama arriv+ at ,rim9i1 he 0 :olly turn$ f 8 ab/rus] /udies4 ,a company ( actors made _! appe>ance1 & ,goldoni became famili> ) !m3 he w5t beh9d ! sc5es2 jo9$ 9 _! p>ties ( pleasure2 & !y1 be+ all ,v5etians1 7 happy to f9d a c\ntryman4 ,"o ,friday x 0 ann\nc$ t !y 7 leav+ ,rim9i1 & t a boat 0 engag$ to c>ry !m to ,*iozza4 ,to ,*iozza6 said ,c>lo1 ,my "m is at ,*iozza6--,come ) u1 !n1 cri$ ! director4 ,yes1 come ) u1 cri$ ! :ole company1 come 9 our boat2 y w h a pleasant passage2 x w co/ y no?+3 we %all laugh1 dance1 & s+1 & be z happy z ! day is long4 ,a boy ( f\rte5 c\ld sc>cely resi/ s /rong a temptation4 ,8 ma/] refus$ leave1 & ! fri5ds ( 8 family int]f]$ ) objections4 ,!re 0 b "o res\rce3 ,c>lo put two %irts 9 8 pocket1 & hurri$ to hide himself 9 ! boat4 ,x made sail1 & he 0 on 8 way to ,*iozza4 ,! light-he>t$ rambl+ life ( /roll+ com$ians 0 allur+ beyond measure to a mir?ful lad1 :o lov$ plays bett] ?an any ?+ 9 ! _w4 ,! company consi/$ ( twelve1 besides sc5e-%ift]s1 me*ani/s1 & prompt]s2 !re 7 eight m5 s]vants1 & f\r wom51 two nurses1 a quantity ( *ildr51 dogs1 cats1 apes1 p>rots1 birds1 pigeons1 & a lamb4 ,! prima donna 0 ugly1 clev]1 & cross2 ! suicidical dr[n+ ( h] cat div]sifi$ ! "t2 &1 aft] a prosp]\s & m]ry voyage1 ! :ole c>go1 ) ! exception ( poor puss1 arriv$ safe at ,*iozza4 ,! signora ,goldoni receiv$ h] son ) a mixture ( gladness & scold+1 :i* ev9c$ no viol5t disapprobation ( 8 truant disposition2 b he himself began to regret x1 & to reflect s]i\sly on ! consequ5ces1 :5 he read a lett] j receiv$ f 8 fa!r4 ,bus9ess _h tak5 ,goldoni f ,mod5a to ,pavia4 ,! gov]nor ( ,pavia 0 nam$ ! m>*ese di ,goldoni-,vidoni4 ,on he>+ ( ! arrival ( a namesake 9 8 t[n1 he s5t = him1 & invit$ him to d9n]4 ,! gov]nor belong$ to "o ( ! be/ families ( ,cremona2 b he consid]$ t ,cremona & ,mod5a 7 n f> di/ant f ea* o!r1 & he _h ! :im ( f9d+ out & assi/+ a poor relation3 he promis$ to get a pres5tation = ,c>lo to a college ( ! univ]sity ( ,pavia1 & ! fa!r gladly cons5t$ to accept x4 ,he set out to seek 8 son ) ?is news1 & f\nd him soon] ?an he expect$1 & 0 by no means pleas$ at a scrape :i* promis$ little = 8 future /ead9ess2 b ,c>lo 0 p5it5t1 & ,goldoni glov$ actors1 & 0 acqua9t$ ) sev]al ( ?is v company 9 "q3 s1 good easy man6 he =gave ! runaway1 & accompani$ him to ?ank ! companions ( 8 voyage4 ,goldoni's fame z a physician _h spread to ,*iozza1 & he f\nd x wor? 8 :ile to e/abli% himself1 & to ent] ^u practice !re3 :ile wait+ = ! pres5tation = ! univ]sity ( ,pavia1 he resolv$ to initiate 8 son 9 ! rudim5ts ( a pr(ession :i* he int5d$ him h]eaft] to pursue4 ,he did n put him to ! m difficult "p ( ! m$ical sci5ce2 b made him accompany him 9 8 visits to 8 pati5ts1 z ! easie/ mode ( giv+ him a sup]ficial k4 ,c>lo did n l ?is plan1 ?\gh he 0 =c$ to submit4 ,b passive ob$i5ce ( w does n conqu] ! m9d3 ) all 8 gaiety1 ! y\? 0 subject to fits ( hypo*ondria & l[ spirits1 & "u ! pat]nal discipl9e he lo/ 8 appetite1 & grew ?9 & s]i\s4 ,8 "m easily extract$ f him ! cause ( 8 dejection1 & s\ght to br+ a rem$y4 ,%e repres5t$ to h] husb&1 t ! patronage ( ! m>*ese ,goldoni c\ld be ( no possible s]vice to _! son 9 a m$ical c>e]2 :ile1 on ! contr>y1 if !y br\ght him up to ! b>1 a s5ator ( ,milan c\ld )\t difficulty op5 to him ! road ( =tune4 ,%e advis$ 8 go+ to /udy "u an uncle at ,v5ice1 propos+ to accompany him h]self1 & to /ay ) him till 8 removal to ,pavia4 ,goldoni resi/$ = a long "t1 b at la/ he became aw>e t h] repres5tations 7 reasonable3 poor ,c>lo li/5$ to ! discussion ) te>ful eyes & a beat+ he>t2 & 8 indisposition vani%$ z soon z 8 fa!r's cons5t 0 giv54 ,f\r days aft]1 he & 8 "m set out = ,v5ice4 ,!y 7 k9dly receiv$ by signor ,paolo ,indric1 :o _h m>ri$ 8 fa!r's si/]2 & ,c>lo f\nd 8 home ) him p]fectly delightful4 ,! /udy ( law 0 inf9itely to be pref]r$ to 8 fa!r's m$ical initiation at ,*iozza2 he fulfill$ 8 duties ) exactitude1 & 8 uncle 0 satisfi$ ) him4 ,mean:ile he enjoy$ 8 resid5ce at ,v5ice4 ,oh6 la tri/e ville que ,vnice6 ,madame de ,g5lis exclaim$1 on ent]+ ! sea-pav$ city4 ,sc>cely any b a ,fr5* p]son w\ld e*o h] exclamation2 & we1 :o p ! palaces & bridges ) ! %ades ( ,o!llo1 ,desdemona1 ,pi]re1 & ,belvid]a1 f9d a peculi> *>m 9 its /range & beautiful appe>ance4 ,!re is some?+ *>m+ to ! imag9ation 9 ! wide-spread lagunes1 9 ! palaces ris+ f ! waves1 ! sea t fl[s ?r\gh ! /reets1 & ! sombre-look+ b luxuri\s gondolas3 no picture1 no description1 c convey an idea ( ,v5ice1 t is1 ( ! impression made by its s+ul> aspect1 & ! modes & ma*9]y ( daily life--dissimil> to ^? ( e o!r city 9 ! _w4 ,! "y ,goldoni1 z a native1 yet return+ to x aft] s long an abs5ce1 0 en*ant$ by ! novelty ( all he saw4 ,8 /ay1 h[ev]1 0 %ort2 ! pres5tation to a ,college at ,pavia arriv$3 he 0 =c$ to quit ,v5ice2 &1 aft] a h>ri$ visit to ,*iozza to jo9 8 fa!r1 !y set out toge!r4 ,sid5ote3 #agbc4 tat4 #af4 ,on arriv+ at ,milan1 sev]al ob/acles pres5t$ !mselves to imp$e 8 entrance into ! univ]sity1 :i*1 be+ "u cl]ical jurisdiction1 requir$ a numb] ( atte/ations & docum5ts1 ) :i* ! travell]s 7 :olly unprovid$1 & :i* c\ld only be obta9$ at ,v5ice4 ,signora ,goldoni ha/5$ ?i!r to get !m1 :ile ! fa!r & son enjoy$ !mselves at ,milan1 hospitably ent]ta9$ by _! k9d & noble soi-disant relation2 till1 ! necess>y pap]s hav+ arriv$1 !y pursu$ _! way to ,pavia1 & ,goldoni left 8 son at 8 college4 ,! univ]sity ( ,pavia 0 on a m exp5sive & luxuri\s foot+ ?an is usual 9 ,italy1 & dissipation & lib]ty 7 ! ord] ( ! day4 ,! /ud5ts 7 reg>d$ 9 ! t[n l (fic]s 9 g>rison3 ! m5 hat$1 & ! wom5 welcom$ !m2 :ile ! /udies pr9cipally foll[$ up 7 danc+1 f5c+1 music1 & games ( haz>d3 ! latt] 7 prohibit$1 &1 !re=e1 ! m s\ght aft]4 ,c>lo's y\?1 gaiety1 & ,v5etian dialect pleas$ g5]ally2 & he easily suff]$ himself to be s$uc$ f /udy to pleasure4 ,8 success caus$ him to make _m enemies among 8 fell[-/ud5ts1 augm5t$ by ! di/9ction d]iv$ f ! k9dness ( ! m>*ese ,goldoni2 /ill he pass$ two ye>s happily en\gh1 return+ to ,*iozza dur+ ! vacations1 & sp5d+ 8 "t betwe5 un=c$ /udies & pleasant society4 ,b mis=tune 0 at h& to blight 8 happ9ess4 ,! "t approa*$ :5 he 0 to take 8 degree2 & ?is v mom5t 0 seiz$ ^u by 8 college enemies to ensure 8 disgrace4 ,he _h be5 admitt$ into ! univ]sity at sixte53 ! legal age 0 eighte54 ,he 0 a boy among m51 & an easy prey4 ,a s]i\s qu>rel arose betwe5 ! inhabitants ( ,pavia & ! /ud5ts3 f\r among ! latt]1 :o _h conspir$ to ru9 poor ,c>lo1 p]suad$ him to rev5ge himself & 8 comrades by a satire4 ,! v]ses ( :i* he 0 ! au?or attack$ & insult$ _m families3 8 f\r false fri5ds disp]s$ !m & betray$ him3 ! outcry 0 prodigi\s2 &1 despite e ex]tion made by 8 protectors1 ,goldoni 0 expell$4 ,! y\? rep5t$ v bitt]ly at once 8 imprud5ce & ! eas9ess ( 8 disposition4 ,%ame & regret ov]:elm$ him1 & ! idea ( 8 p>5ts' reproa*es fill$ him ) t]ror4 ,to escape ^! he m$itat$ plans ( flight1 resolv+ to seek 8 =tunes at ,rome4 ,x appe>$ ( slight import to him t he %\ld g on foot )\t money or res\rces1 s t he c\ld fly f ^? :o 7 ju/ly (f5d$4 ,?is idea 0 fru/rat$ by ! vigilance ( ^? ab\t him3 he 0 s5t back to 8 family "u ! especial c>e ( ! ma/] ( ! boat1 :o nev] lo/ sight ( him2 & a good monk1 :o 0 a pass5g] ) him1 com=t$ him by 8 pi\s b k9d admonitions4 ,8 "m's affection & 8 fa!r's eas9ess ( nature l$ !m to p>don 8 fault1 f :i* he _h suff]$ sev]ely en\gh4 ,a few days aft] he accompani$ 8 fa!r to ,friuli4 ,goldoni ex]cis$ 8 pr(ession z physician at ,ud9e1 & ,c>lo /udi$ ! law "u an em95t advocate2 aft] a %ort "t1 ! =m] proce$$ to ,gorizia1 to ! h\se ( c\nt ,l&i]i1 lieut5ant-g5]al ( ! army ( ! emp]or ,*>les ,,vi4 ,! c\nt 0 ill1 & hav+ he>d ( ! skill ( ,goldoni1 s5t = him4 ,c>lo1 left beh9d at ,ud9e1 got into sev]al y\?ful scrapes1 v little to 8 cr$it3 he f\nd himself deceiv$ & betray$2 &1 fe>+ a dang]\s t]m9ation1 he hurri$ away1 & f\nd 8 fa!r at ,vispack1 :]e c\nt ,l&i]i _h a mansion4 ,!y rema9$ !re = "s mon?s1 till ! c\nt 0 convalesc5t1 hospitably ent]ta9$1 & v happy4 ,a dramatic puppet-%[ 0 got up1 :i* ex]cis$ ! !atrical tal5ts ( ,c>lo2 & aft]w>ds he made a t\r to ,laubeck1 ,gratz1 & ,trie/e1 ) ! c\nt's secret>y4 ,on 8 return to ,vispack1 he & 8 fa!r set (f on _! j\rney home1 ! latt] hav+ happily effect$ ! cure ( 8 pati5t1 :o rew>d$ him h&somely = 8 tr\ble4 ,we arriv$ at ,*iozza1 said ,goldoni1 & 7 receiv$ z a fond "m receives a son1 & a wife a belov$ husb&1 aft] a long abs5ce4 ,i 0 delight$ to see aga9 a virtu\s "m :o 0 t5d]ly atta*$ to me4 ,aft] hav+ be5 deceiv$ & betray$1 ,i ne$$ ! consolation ( be+ lov$4 ,?is1 inde$1 0 ano!r species ( atta*m5t1 b1 until ,i felt a virtu\s & engross+ passion1 my "m's love =m$ my greate/ happ9ess4 ,soon aft] 8 arrival at ,*iozza1 8 fa!r receiv$ a lett] f a c\s9 at ,mod5a1 to in=m him t ! duke ( t /ate _h reviv$ an anci5t decree1 :i* =bade ! possessor ( any l&$ prop]ty )9 x1 to abs5t himself )\t an express p]mission f ! sov]eign1 :i* x 0 v exp5sive to obta94 ,?is relation add$1 t 8 be/ c\rse w\ld be to s5d 8 son to ,mod5a1 :i* w\ld satisfy ! law1 & he might !re pursue 8 legal /udies4 ,! advice 0 foll[$1 & ! y\? s5t to ,mod5a4 ,he w5t by wat]2 & ! ma/] ( ! boat 0 a v religi\s man3 ea* ev5+ he invit$ ! pass5g]s to jo9 him 9 pray]s4 ,:5 ,goldoni arriv$ at ,mod5a1 ?is man1 ^: "n 0 ,ba/ia1 ask$ him :]e he meant to lodge1 &1 le>n+ t he _h 8 lodg+s to seek1 ask$ him to select 8 h\se z 8 place ( abode2 &1 ) ! ass5t ( 8 c\s91 :o _h be5 ! cause ( 8 j\rney1 ,goldoni agre$ to ! proposal4 ,he f\nd t ! family ( ,ba/ia 0 equally dev\t ) himself2 fa!r1 sons1 & daught]s1 all 7 giv5 up to pi\s ex]cises4 ,no great amusem5t c\ld be d]iv$ f _! society2 b1 z !y 7 respectable p1 & liv$ 9 concord1 ,goldoni 0 satisfi$ & happy "u _! ro(4 ,he grew z religi\sly incl9$ z !mselves1 :ile1 z is (t5 ! case 9 y\?1 ?is s5tim5t 0 accompani$ by feel+s ( despond5cy & ev5 t]ror4 ,"o day he happ5$ to pass ?r\gh ! public squ>e :ile an un=tunate *ur*man 0 do+ public p5ance = 8 conduct t[>ds a female p5it5t4 ,! sight /ruck him 9 ! mo/ pa9ful mann]3 he br\ght x home to 8 own he>t2 he ?\ght ( 8 pa/ life1 8 expulsion f college1 8 adv5tures 9 ,friuli3 ! _w seem$ beset ) multipli$ dang]s1 & !re 0 no refuge f !m1 except 9 total retirem5t4 ,he wrote to 8 p>5ts to express a "p ( ^! feel+s1 & to decl>e 8 resolve ( ent]+ ! ord] ( ,capu*9 monks4 ,8 p>5ts act$ on ?is occasion ) prud5ce3 !y 7 bo?1 especially 8 "m1 pi\s1 b )\t bigotry4 ,!y wrote 9 answ]1 t he %\ld d exactly z he pleas$1 b 9 ! mean "t entreat$ him to return to !m )\t delay4 ,he imm$iately obey$3 he 0 receiv$ ) c>esses1 & no opposition 0 made to 8 project4 ,8 fa!r propos$ to take him to ,v5ice1 & he refus$ ) t boldness :i* ! fancy ( act+ 9 imm$iate ob$i5ce to ,god1 alone inspires2 b1 on be+ told t he 0 to be introduc$ to ! gu>dian ( ! ,capu*9s1 he cons5t$4 ,!y w5t to ,v5ice1 visit$ _! relations & fri5ds1 d9+ ) "o & supp+ ) ano!r3 he 0 ev5 trick$ into go+ to ! !atre4 ,8 l[ spirits & ascetic vocation vani%$ ins5sibly1 & he return$ to ,*iozza cur$ ( e wi% to %ut himself up 9 a cloi/]4 ,x became matt] ( anxiety to "k :at to d ) him4 ,8 bro!r1 an adv5tur\s1 gallant y\?1 _h ent]$ ! army1 & 0 9 g>rison4 ,b ,c>lo 0 no?+2 ! play?+ ( =tune1 all ! exp5se gone to on 8 acc\nt _h be5 ( no avail2 ! only res\rce seem$ to be to obta9 an employm5t "u gov]nm5t2 &1 at ! mom5t :5 x appe>$ impossible to succe$ 9 s do+1 "o pres5t$ itself to !m4 ,! republic ( ,v5ice gov]n$ ! t[ns "u _! dom9ion ?r\gh an (fic] call$ a pode/1 :o _h "u him a *ancellor1 or crim9al judge1 :o 0 assi/$ 9 8 duties by a vice-*ancellor1 or1 z he 0 call$1 a coadjutor2 & :]e !re 0 mu* to d1 ?is (fic] also _h an assi/ant4 ,^! places 7 m or less lucrative1 b 7 always desirable1 s9ce !y includ$ ! privilege ( d9+ at ! gov]nor's table1 & mak+ "o ( 8 society4 ,! fa!r ( ,goldoni 0 intimately acqua9t$ ) ! gov]nor ( ,*iozza1 & ) ! judge1 & ?r\gh _! means ,c>lo 0 employ$ to assi/ ! coadjutor4 ,goldoni 0 n ( a noble & ent]pris+ disposition1 b he possess$ great integrity1 & t habit ( scrupul\sly exam9+ 8 own motives1 & ^? ( o!rs1 :i* makes a "p ( ! nature ( "o ^: b5t x 0 to ent] into & describe "*4 ,on ?is occasion he 0 e>ne/ to d 8 duty1 & int]e/$ to obs]ve ! v>iety ( human action & motive1 :i* pres5t$ !mselves to 8 enquiry 9 ! ex]cise ( 8 (fice z assi/ant to ! crim9al judge4 ,he acquitt$ himself to ! satisfaction ( 8 sup]iors2 &1 :5 ! gov]nor ( ,*iozza 0 *ang$1 & ! *ancellor 0 appo9t$ to g to ,feltri1 ! latt] (f]$ ,goldoni ! place ( coadjutor1 :i* 0 eag]ly accept$4 ,feltri is at a di/ance ( #ahj miles f ,v5ice1 high up among ! m\nta9s1 ^: sn[s besiege x dur+ ! w9t]1 & block up ! /reets & h\ses4 ,goldoni f\nd pl5ty ( amusem5t "h1 = !re 0 a company ( com$ians2 & he also fell 9 love4 ,he assures u t ?is 0 8 fir/ passion1 & a s9c]e "o2 b ! future writ] ( com$ies _h n t t5d]ness & passion ( s\l :i* creates a pr(\nd & engross+ atta*m5t4 ,he made p>ties ( pleasure = ! lovely girl1 :o return$ 8 affection1 & got up a trag$y = h] amusem5t1 :i* did n amuse h] at all2 =1 too ba%ful to act h]self1 ) all ! delicacy ( love1 %e 0 pa9$ at witness+ h] lov]'s famili> conduct ) o!r wom54 ,poor girl6 exclaims ,goldoni1 ) navet2 %e lov$ me t5d]ly & s9c]ely1 & ,i lov$ h] ) all my he>t2 & ,i may say t %e 0 ! fir/ p]son = :om ,i felt a s9c]e atta*m5t4 ,%e 0 desir\s ( m>ry+ me2 & w\ld h become my wife1 b = "s consid]ations :i* prev5t$ my propos+ = h]4 ,^! consid]ations 7 a notion he =m$ t h] beauty 0 ( a delicate1 evanesc5t species1 & t %e w\ld soon fade & become old1 :ile he rema9$ 9 ! pride ( y\?4 ,su* 0 ! =ce ( 8 fir/ passion1 t x 0 at once ov]come by selfi% =esight1 & ! habit1 innate 9 him1 ( dissect+ ! mat]ials ( life1 despoil+ !m ( _! sunny gloss1 & h&l+ ! mo/ frail1 yet preci\s1 among !m ) a r\ghness t iron & rock c\ld n h resi/$4 ,?is dry1 analytical _s is v app>5t 9 8 com$ies3 he dignifies x ) ! "n ( morality & hon\r2 b its root is (t5 9 coldness & tam5ess ( feel+ & fancy4 ,on 8 return f ,feltri 8 fa!r _h accept$ a m$ical situation at ,bagnacavallo1 a t[n ( ,romagna1 ne> ,rav5na4 ,c>lo jo9$ him2 b1 aft] a %ort "t1 ! eld] ,goldoni fell ill ( a malignant fev]1 & di$ 9 ! mon? ( ,m>*1 #agca1 :5 8 son 0 f\r & tw5ty ye>s ( age4 ,he 0 s9c]ely lam5t$ by 8 wife & son1 :o wept toge!r ov] _! loss4 ,z soon z ! fun]al 0 ov]1 ,goldoni accompani$ ! wid[ to ,v5ice1 & e/abli%$ h] ) h] si/] at ! h\se ( a relation4 ,%e 0 mo/ anxi\s to h h] son resid5t ) h]1 & h] p]suasions1 & ^? ( o!r fri5ds1 induc$ him to yield1 & to ent] on ! pr(ession ( b>ri/] at ,v5ice4 ,! pr(ession ( advocate at ,v5ice 0 exce$+ly hon\rable2 ! fir/ m5 ( ! city practis$ x3 b !re 7 #bdj regi/]$ b>ri/]s1 & few among !m rose to em95ce2 ! re/ sp5t _! "t 9 runn+ aft] briefs4 ,goldoni1 h[ev]1 0 ( a sangu9e disposition1 & did n d\bt t he %\ld rank among ! mo/ celebrat$ plead]s at ! b>4 ,he calculat$ h[ mu* c\ld be ga9$1 & f\nd t a b>ri/] might make an income ( #bjjjl4 a ye>1--a l>ge =tune at ,v5ice1 :i* at t "t1 be=e x fell "u ! ,au/rians1 ^: aim is to ru9 x by ! imposition ( a vexati\s taxation1 0 "o ( ! *eape/ places 9 ! _w4 ,x is true t ! beg9n+ ( a =5sic c>e] is 9 all c\ntries try+ to ! pati5ce2 &1 :ile ,goldoni indulg$ 9 ca/les 9 ! air ) reg>d to future em95ce1 he sp5t 8 "t att5d+ ! c\rts )\t a brief1 or 9 wait+ = cli5ts1 :o did n appe>3 /ill he might hope = bett] success ?an ! major "p ( 8 bre?r5 ( ! robe1 s9ce1 dur+ ! fir/ six mon?s ( 8 be+ at ! b>1 he c>ri$ on & won a cause2 b 8 de/9y concurr$ ) ! g5ius /ill un=m$ & dormant )9 him to draw him ano!r way4 ,at ! v mom5t ( triumph on ga9+ 8 suit1 & :5 he might fairly hope = an influx ( cli5ts1 an incid5t occurr$ to de/roy 8 prospects1 caus+ him to =m ! resolution to quit ,v5ice4 ,he _h fall5 9 love ) a lady at ,v5ice1 :o1 ?\gh =ty ye>s ( age1 0 z fair & beautiful z a girl4 ,%e 0 ri* & unm>ri$3 ! affection 0 mutual1 & he already look$ =w>d to _! union1 :5 ! att5tions ( a noble awak5+ ! ambition ( ! lady1 %e jilt$ him = 8 patrician rival4 ,?is lady _h a m>ri$ si/] ) two daught]s1 "o de=m$ & ! o!r ugly1 b n )\t attraction2 %e _h beautiful eyes1 a laugh+ c\nt5ance1 & graceful1 fasc9at+ mann]s4 ,%e _h (t5 depriv$ h] beautiful aunt ( lov]s1 & inspir$ h] ) jeal\sy4 ,%e tri$ to w9 ,goldoni f h]2 &1 on h] t]giv]sation1 v5geance induc$ him to make ! niece an (f]4 ,h] "m ent]$ into h] plans1 & ! contract ( m>riage 0 drawn up & sign$2 b :5 ! mom5t came to fulfil x1 a v>iety ( d\bts pres5t$ !mselves to ,goldoni's m9d4 ,he 0 himself 9 debt1 & sev]al ye>s mu/ pass be=e he c\ld hope to make an income at ! b>4 ,! "m ( 8 promis$ bride 0 :olly unable to fulfil ! conditions ( ! m>riage contract1 & he f\nd t he %\ld be burd5$ ) ! exp5se ( 8 wife's family4 ,he consult$ 8 "m1 & 8 own s5se ( prud5ce3 he _h become v mu* 9 love b1 9 8 light he>t1 e motive & impulsa 0 /rong] ?an ! /ronge/ affection3 fright5$ at ! prospect be=e him1 he made a sudd5 det]m9ation2 paid 8 debts1 ?rew up 8 pr(ession1 & quitt$ ,v5ice2 leav+ a lett] = ! un=tunate girl's "m1 attribut+ to h] 8 sudd5 dep>ture1 & promis+ to return if %e w\ld fulfil ! conditions ( ! contract4 ,he receiv$ no answ]4 ,aga9 he 0 ?r[n on ! _w1 & all 8 prospects ( future subsi/5ce 7 c5tr$ 9 a trag$y1 call$ ,amalassunta1 :i* he _h writt5 9 8 leisure h\rs4 ,x has be5 m5tion$ h[1 born amid/ !atricals1 8 e>ly pleasures _h all be5 d]iv$ f plays4 ,:5 he fir/ w5t to ,pavia1 he _h /udi$ ! anci5t drama2 &1 f9d+ t ,italy _h no !atre1 he _h already conceiv$ ! idea ( be/[+ "o on h]1 on a m enl>g$ plan1 m intricate z to plot1 & m div]sifi$ z to "*1 ?an ^? ( ,plautus & ,t]5ce4 ,9 ! c\rse ( 8 y\?1 to get up a play 0 8 *ief pleasure2 & n[1 ) ,amalassunta 9 8 pocket1 he felt sure t 8 =tune w\ld be made at ,milan1 at ! !atre ( :i* city he int5d$ to (f] x2 &1 ) ?is expectation1 8 happy disposition caus$ him easily to =get prospects1 fri5ds1 love1 & disappo9tm5ts1--all b 8 "m2 :ile ! pleasure ( fre$om easily consol$ him = ! loss ( 8 bride4 ,poor & almo/ fri5dless1 ! fir/ piece ( good =tune t happ5$ to him 0 f9d+ at ,b]gamo ! noble :o _h be5 gov]nor at ,*iozza :5 he 0 vice-*ancellor4 ,he pres5t$ himself at 8 palace1 & 0 k9dly receiv$4 ,! gov]nor p]ceiv+ t he 0 depress$ 9 spirits1 enquir$ ! cause3 & ,goldoni confess$ t he 0 p5niless3 8 k9d protector (f]$ him 8 purse & a home at 8 h\se4 ,goldoni cont5t$ himself ) borr[+ t5 sequ9s1 &1 9 lieu ( ! latt] (f]1 ask$ = lett]s ( introduction at ,milan1 :i* 7 in/antly giv5 him4 ,^! s]v$ him 9 good /ead 9 t capital4 ,! ,v5etian resid5t receiv$ him k9dly1 ask$ ! object ( 8 j\rney1 &1 :5 ,goldoni _h rec\nt$ 8 adv5ture1 (f]$ to l5d him money1 :i* 0 decl9$4 ,amalassunta 0 ! an*or ( 8 hope1 & he lo/ no "t 9 seek+ ! actors & directors ( ! !atre4 ,he paid a visit to ! fir/ ball]9a1 :om he _h =m]ly kn[n1 & (f]$ to read 8 op]a to h] circle ( actors1 & musicians1 & !atrical patrons4 ,8 (f] 0 accept$3 he took ! manuscript f 8 pocket1 & comm5c$--,amalassunta6 ,! *ief actor1 ,caff>iello1 began to object1 9 ! fir/ place1 to s long & ridicul\s a "n4 ,e "o jo9$ 9 ! laugh ?us rais$1 except ! poor au?or1 :o w5t on to read ! li/ ( dramatis p]son4 ,new c5sure foll[$ ! too great numb] ( p]sons introduc$2 &1 :5 x 0 f\nd t ! op]a comm5c$ by a sc5e betwe5 ! two pr9cipal actors1 he 0 told t w\ld nev] d3 ! *ief s+]s w\ld nev] cons5t to beg9 dur+ all ! bu/le ( ! fir/ entrance ( ! audi5ce4 ,! criticisms multipli$ z he w5t on1 till a k9d amateur1 c\nt ,prata1 took him by ! h&1 &1 lead+ him into ano!r room1 ask$ him to read ! op]a to him alone4 ,poor ,goldoni cons5t$1 & ! :ole piece 0 gone ?r\gh4 ,:5 f9i%$1 ! c\nt po9t$ out its defects1 n ) reg>d to plot & situation1 b to op]atic rules2 h[ he _h giv5 airs ( passion & int]e/ to second>y p]sonages1 & curtail$ ! fir/ ( :at !y consid]$ _! j proportion4 ,! c\nt w\ld h gone on to f9d m fault1 b ,goldoni begg$ him to take no m tr\ble1 & took 8 leave4 ,he return$1 mortifi$ & mis]able1 to 8 inn4 ,8 fir/ impulse 0 to burn 8 unlucky op]a4 ,! wait] ask$ him if he w\ld sup4 ,no1 he repli$1 no supp]1 only a good fire4 ,:ile ?is 0 mak+1 he look$ ov] 8 poor ,amalassunta3 x appe>$ to him v beautiful1 & wor?y ( a bett] fate3 ! actors 7 9 fault1 n x4 ,yet2 aft] all 8 pa9s1 8 hopes 7 fall52 &1 9 a fit ( desp]ation1 he ca/ x on ! flam+ br&s1 glad to see x burn1 & busy 9 collect+ all ! fragm5ts1 t none might escape de/ruction4 ,:ile ?us employ$1 he began to recollect t no disa/] :i* _h yet happ5$ to him1 _h ev] caus$ him to g to b$ supp]less4 ,he recall$ ! wait]1 ord]$ 8 repa/1 ate x ) a good appetite1 & w5t to b$ to sleep till morn+4 ,x is no wond] t love c\ld ex]cise s little p[] ov] s well-regulat$ an appetite6 ,! next morn+ he 0 oblig$ to reflect s]i\sly on 8 desp]ate situation1 & he paid ,signor ,b>tol9i1 ! ,v5etian resid5t1 a visit1 t he might consult ) him4 ,he ask$ = a private int]view1 & x 0 grant$2 & !n he relat$ ! occurr5ces ( ! previ\s ev5+1 ! imp]t95t criticisms ( ! actors1 & ! decisive judgm5t pass$ by c\nt ,prata1 & end$ by decl>+ t he 0 totally at a loss :at to d4 ,b>tol9i laugh$ at 8 recital1 & ask$ to see ! op]a4 ,! op]a8 cri$ ,goldoni1 ,i h n got x6--,:]e is x1 !n8--,i burnt x2 & ) x my hopes1 my possessions1 & my :ole =tune4 ,! m9i/] laugh$ /ill m at ?is dn\em5t1 & end$ by (f]+ him ! situation ( g5tleman 9 8 palace1 ) a good suite ( rooms4 ,goldoni n[ f\nd t he _h ga9$ by 8 loss3 )\t d\bt1 z he decl>es himself1 he 0 a lucky man1 & x 0 8 own fault :5ev] he fell into mis=tune4 ,yet he did ?is s frequ5tly1 t ! be/ "p ( 8 luck 0 t *e]ful buoyant disposition :i* nev] all[$ him to be ov]:elm$ by adv]sity1 & an integrity t always kept him f any di%on\rable scrape4 ,amalassunta 0 burnt1 b ,goldoni's pr$ilection = !atricals cont9u$ z /rong z ev]4 ,!re arriv$ at ,milan a s+ul> man1 nam$ ,buonaf$e ,vitali1 :o _h tal5ts & k en\gh to practise z a regul> physician1 b :o pref]r$ /roll+ z a m\ntebank1 "u ! "n ( ! ,anonym\s4 ,z a "p ( ! p>aph]nalia ( 8 trade1 he _h ) him a company ( com$ians4 ,goldoni s\ght out ?is man1 :o avail$ himself ( 8 protection1 to obta9 leave = 8 company to act on ! ,milanese !atre4 ,!re 7 sev]al good actors among !m1 b _! repres5tations 7 made on ! old ,italian plan4 ,goldoni 0 p>ticul>ly sc&alis$ by a trave/ie ( ! /ory ( ,belis>ius1 giv5 out z a trag$y2 &1 to prev5t ! future degradation ( hi/orical names & s5tim5ts1 he promis$ to write a trag$y on ! subject1 b 0 int]rupt$ by ev5ts ( great] mom5t4 ,! k+ ( ,s>d9ia ally+ himself ) ,france aga9/ ! ,au/rians1 9 ! w> ( #agcc1 he s5t an army ( #ae1jjj m51 to :i* 0 add$ "s ,fr5* troops1 to occupy ,milan4 ,t city be+ too wide 9 circuit = def5ce1 x 0 =c$ to receive ! soldi]s2 :o imm$iately ent]$ on ! siege ( ! citadel4 ,on ?is ev5t1 ! ,v5etian resid5t 0 ord]$ by 8 gov]nm5t to quit ,milan1 & to take up 8 abode at ,crema3 he _h be=e qu>rell$ ) 8 secret>y1 & he took ?is opportunity to dismiss him1 & to in/all ,goldoni 9 8 place4 ,he 0 n[ fully employ$1 & 8 situation 0 at once hon\rable & lucrative2 b soon aft] he lo/ ! good graces ( ! m9i/]1 ?\gh n f any fault ( 8 own4 ,8 bro!r _h quitt$ ! ,v5etian s]vice1 &1 seek+ employm5t1 visit$ him at ,crema4 ,he introduc$ him to ! gov]nor1 :o gave him ! situation ( g5tleman ( 8 *amb]1 =m]ly occupi$ by ,goldoni2 b bo? 7 viol5t & irritable1 & !y did n agree4 ,! resid5t dismiss$ 8 g5tleman1 & no long] reg>d$ ,goldoni ) ! same fav\r z h]et(ore4 ,!y _h a qu>rel2 ,goldoni ask$ = 8 dismission1 & set out = ,mod5a1 :]e 8 "m 0 resid+4 ,! c\ntry ?r\gh :i* he pass$ on 8 way 0 ! seat ( w>2 robb]s took occasion ( ! unsettl$ /ate ( ! c\ntry1 & ! roads 7 unsafe3 ,goldoni 0 ! suff]]2 ! little c>riage 9 :i* he travell$ 0 attack$ by five m51 :o robb$ him ( 8 money1 wat*1 & effects1 :ile he escap$ across ! c\ntry1 glad to pres]ve ! clo!s he _h on4 ,aft] runn+ a long way1 he came to an av5ue ( trees1 by :i* fl[$ a rivulet4 ,he drank ( its wat]s 9 ! holl[ ( 8 h&1 & !n1 fatigu$ 9 body1 b m compos$ 9 m9d1 he proce$$ quietly along ! av5ue1 till he enc\nt]$ "s peasants1 to :om he relat$ 8 mis=tune1 & :o 9 return told him t !re 7 a set ( outlaws :o took advantage ( ! w> to attack n only travell]s1 b g5tlem5's seats & cottages2 :ile a numb] ( m5 ( "s weal? ne>1 :o _h =m$ !mselves into a company to pur*ase ! spoils ( w>1 became _! accomplices by becom+ ! pur*as]s ( ! /ol5 goods4 ,su*1 exclaims ,goldoni1 are ! mis]ies ( w>1 :i* fall alike ^u fri5ds & enemies1 & ru9 ! innoc5t6 ,! sun 0 n[ decl9+1 & ! peasants (f]$ ,goldoni a "p ( _! supp]1 ( :i*1 not)/&+ 8 disa/]1 he p>took ) appetite4 ,!y !n guid$ him to a village1 & recomm5d$ him to ! c>e ( ! curate1 :o receiv$ him hospitably4 ,to him he relat$ 8 adv5tures1 mak+ 8 manuscript trag$y ( ,belis>ius1 !n 9 8 pocket1 ! pr9cipal h]o ( ! tale4 ,he 0 invit$ to read x4 ,! curate1 two abbs1 & ! s]vants ( ! h\se1 7 8 audi5ce2 & !y all applaud$ x ) en?usiasm4 ,! (f]s & k9dness ( ^! good simple-he>t$ p fill$ ,goldoni ) gratitude4 ,unwill+1 h[ev]1 to burd5 !m ) 8 ma9t5ance1 he ha/5$ to take leave2 ! curate l5t him 8 horse1 & s5t 8 s]vant ) him to defray ! exp5ses ( ! day's j\rney to ,brescia4 ,f ,brescia1 ,goldoni proce$$ to ,v]ona4 ,he 0 9 a deplorable situation2 he only possess$ a few sequ9s1 l5t him by an adv5tur] :om he met by accid5t at ,brescia2 b ) ,belis>ius 9 8 pocket1 he did n fe> ! enmity ( =tune1 & ,belis>ius did n prove s false a fri5d z ,amalassunta4 ,:5 at ,v]ona1 he w5t to ! celebrat$ amphi!atre1 a portion ( :i* 0 arrang$ z a !atre1 & "h a drama 0 ab\t to be p]=m$4 ,to 8 inf9ite joy1 he discov]$ 9 ! pr9cipal actor a man :o _h =m$ "o 9 ! companions ( ! m\ntebank at ,milan1 & = :om he _h promis$ to write ,belis>ius4 ,he in/antly w5t beh9d ! sc5es1 & 0 welcom$ ) joy4 ,he 0 on ! mom5t in/all$ poet to ! company4 ,belis>ius 0 read1 approv$1 & ! p>ts di/ribut$4 ,9 ! mon? ( ,septemb] !y proce$$ to ,v5ice4 ,goldoni 0 pres5t$ to ! proprietor ( ! !atre1 :o receiv$ him ) k9dness4 ,on ! #bd? ( ,novemb]1 #agcd1 he be+ !n tw5ty-sev5 ye>s ( age1 ,belis>ius 0 act$1 & met ) ! mo/ complete success4 ,all actors 9 ,italy are /roll]s1 & look$ ^u ) a good deal ( contempt4 ,goldoni might h be5 expect$ to regret ! ex*ange he _h made f ! hon\rable pr(ession ( an advocate1 = t ( poet to a !atre2 b 8 light he>t & easy temp] 7 n to be afflict$ by trifles ( ?is nature1 & ! tal5t t p]petually impell$ him to take int]e/ 9 !atricals1 prev5t$ him f feel+ degrad$ by 8 association ) ! pr(essors ( ! art3 & _! exi/5ce & all its vicissitudes be> ano!r aspect "u a sunny sky1 & amid/ a laught]-lov+ p1 unspoilt by pride4 ,goldoni _h mu* ( ! _s ( ,gil ,blas 9 8 disposition1 & possess$ 9 8 own p]son all ! tal5t :i* belongs1 n to ! h]o ( t book1 b its au?or4 ,sev]al pieces1 op]as1 & int]ludes ( 8 7 br\ght out2 & 9 ! spr+ he accompani$ ! actors to ,padua & to ,friuli1 :]e1 leav+ !m1 he return$ to ,v5ice to see 8 "m1 :o _h arriv$ !re f ,mod5a4 ,8 success z an au?or1 & ! tal5t he display$1 rais$ him 9 ! e/imation ( 8 fell[-citiz5s4 ,8 relations cr[d$ ar\nd him2 & he repaid _! k9dness by relat+ 8 adv5tures to 8 old uncles & aunts1 mak+ ^? laugh1 :o _h nev] laugh$ be=e4 ,9 ,septemb] ! actors return$ to ,v5ice1 & he recomm5c$ 8 lab\rs1 :i* 7 n all lit]>y1 b int]sp]s$ by ^? occasion$ by ! jeal\sy ( ! actors1 or r ( ! actresses4 ,aft] ! w9t] season _h pass$1 he cons5t$ to accompany ! manag] to ,g5oa & ,flor5ce1 & 0 glad1 )\t exp5se1 to visit two ( ! mo/ celebrat$ cities ( ,italy4 ,he 0 delight$ ) ! aspect ( ,g5oa2 & ! fir/ good =tune t happ5$ to him1 0 to ga9 #bjj cr[ns 9 ! lott]y2 ! second1 to m>ry a girl1 :o1 he tells u1 0 beautiful1 virtu\s1 & prud5t1 & :o1 aft] all he _h suff]$ f ! trea*]y ( wom51 reconcil$ him to ! sex4 ,8 acqua9tance began 9 ! true ,italian /yle3 he saw h] at an opposite w9d[1 &1 pleas$ ) h] appe>ance1 salut$ h]4 ,%e curtsi$1 & ha/ily )drew1 nor aga9 pres5t+ h]self at ! w9d[4 ,8 curiosity 0 ?us excit$2 he made enquiries1 & le>nt t h] fa!r's "n 0 ,corrio2 t he 0 a not>y1 ) a l>ge family & small =tune4 ,he contriv$ to make acqua9tance1 & )9 a mon? ask$ p]mission to m>ry 8 daught]4 ,! affair 0 soon conclud$3 he 0 m>ri$ 9 ,july2 &1 omitt+ ! promis$ visit to ,flor5ce1 return$ to ,v5ice at ! beg9n+ ( ,septemb]4 ,hi!rto ,goldoni's pieces _h be5 rifaccim5ti ( old dramas4 ,griselda1 ,don ,giovanni1 & ,r9aldo di ,mont' ,albano1 7 melodramas or trag$ies1 writt5 9 ! old /yle4 ,b at ?is "t1 f9d+ t ! company ( actors at ,v5ice1 ?r\gh v>i\s *anges1 _h become "o ( great excell5ce1 he began to ?9k ! "t arriv$ :5 he might ent] on ! re=m ( ! ,italian !atre1 :i* he _h long m$itat$3 he comm5c$ writ+ com$ies ( "*1 :i* are ! g5u9e s\rce ( ! dramatic m]it1 foll[+ ! example ( ,molire1 :o _h surpass$ all anci5t models1 & ev5 n[ /&s alone1 z ! fir/ comic writ] 9 ! _w4 ,0 ,i wrong1 he asks1 9 presum+ to ent] ^u su* an und]tak+8 = my natural b5t lead+ me to write com$ies1 excell5ce 9 ! art 0 ! prop] aim ( my endeav\rs4 ,! old com$y 9 ,italy 0 on a s+ul> sy/em3 !re 7 f\r masks on :i* all ! f>cical incid5ts turn$4 ,pantaloon1 a ,v5etian m]*ant1 :o 0 ! fa!r ( ! h]o9e2 a g>rul\s1 k9d-he>t$ old g5tleman4 ,! doctor1 a ,bolognese1 also an old man1 ^: le>n+ 0 oppos$ to ,pantaloon's simplicity3 & two ,b]gamese s]vants4 ,brighella & ,h>lequ94 ,brighella1 a clev] rogue2 ,h>lequ91 a gre$y simpleton2 8 _m-col\r$ clo!s symbolis+ ! pov]ty t =c$ a pat*$ g>m5t4 ,! actors :o fill$ ^! respective p>ts seldom play$ any o!rs4 ,x requir$ ready wit & clev]ness2 = ! plot only be+ sket*$1 & ! sc5es indicat$1 ! dialogue 0 left to _! own inv5tion4 ,( c\rse1 no great ref9em5t c\ld be expect$3 practical tricks & broad jokes 7 sure to comm& ! laught] & applause ( ! audi5ce2 :ile1 !re be+ 9 ! ,italian "* some?+ peculi>ly adapt$ to extempore ex]cises ( ! intellect1 & a vivacity t r5d]s !m good actors1 _m p reg>d$ ?is rude b amus+ ef=t at drama1 z some?+ at once s national & s g5u9e1 z r5d]$ x pref]able to ! /udi$ productions ( ! closet4 ,goldoni1 on ! contr>y1 saw f>ce take place ( com$y1 & ! :ole action & conduct ( ! piece (t5 sacrific$ to ! petulance ( a fav\rite mask2 :ile no real s5tim5tal int]e/1 nor any comic incid5t out ( ! common r\t9e1 c\ld be introduc$4 ,he proce$$1 h[ev]1 sl[ly 9 ! re=m he m$itat$4 ,at fir/ writ+ only ! m s]i\s portions ( 8 plays2 !n ! p>ts ( ! masks !mselves1 & only aft] "s "t1 & at int]vals1 disp5s+ ) !m altoge!r4 ,nor1 at ! "t ( :i* we are writ+1 did he br+ out any ( 8 be/ dramas2 ?\gh ^? :i* he did produce 7 em95tly successful4 ,to add to ! respectability1 &1 z he hop$1 to ! emolum5ts ( 8 situation1 ! relations ( 8 wife obta9$ = him ! ,g5oese consul%ip at ,v5ice4 ,?is (fice1 h[ev]1 turn$ out m hon\rable ?an lucrative3 no sal>y att5d$ x1 & ! fees did n am\nt to m ?an #ajj cr[ns a ye>4 ,to d ! republic he s]v$ hon\r1 he _h tak5 a bett] h\se & increas$ 8 numb] ( s]vants1 & f\nd himself consid]ably emb>rass$4 ,to add to ^! annoyances1 8 income f ,mod5a fail$ him2 & he came to a resolution to make a j\rney1 ) ! triple object ( br++ out a com$y ) a "p = a fav\rite actress at ,bologna1 to solicit a sal>y at ,g5oa1 & to look aft] 8 possessions at ,mod5a3 ! fir/ object fail$ be=e he set out1 ?r\gh ! sudd5 dea? ( ! actress1 :ile an unexpect$ disa/] r5d]$ ! two latt] ev5 m imp]ative ?an be=e4 ,8 bro!r1 :o 0 out ( employ1 introduc$ to him a ,ragusan ( agreeable & g5tlemanly mann]s4 ,he ass]t$ t he 0 s5t on ! secret s]vice ( rais+ a regim5t ( #bjjj m5 = 8 /ate4 ,he %[$ 8 commission z colonel1 (f]$ a company to ,goldoni's bro!r1 & ! (fice ( auditor1 or judge1 to ! au?or4 ,goldoni1 always easy-temp]$ & cr$ul\s1 ?\gh a little fright5$ by ! dang] incurr$ if ! ,v5etian /ate %\ld come to suspect ^! proce$+s1 0 soon talk$ ov]1 &1 on an alleg$ em]g5cy1 l5t ! man a l>ge sum ( money4 ,! fell[ 0 an adv5tur]3 he ran (f ) ! money1 & left ,goldoni s disagreeably implicat$ by 8 tricks1 t he judg$ t 8 only res\rce 0 to quit ,v5ice on ! in/ant4 ,! ,ragusan _h disappe>$ on ! #ae? ( ,septemb]1 & on ! #ah? ( ! same mon? ,goldoni & 8 wife emb>k$ = ,bologna4 ,sid5ote3 #agda4 tat4 #cd4 ,_! j\rney 0 full ( _m accid5ts ( flood & field4 ,! melan*oly & ?\ghtfulness occasion$ by 8 disa/] vani%$ "u ! influ5ce ( 8 happy temp]am5t2 & 8 wife 0 ev5 bett] skill$ ?an he 9 t be/ philosophy :i* makes light ( worldly mis=tunes4 ,on _! arrival at ,bologna1 he 0 surr\nd$ by ! directors ( !atres1 :o ask$ = com$ies4 ,he gave !m ?ree1 & wrote ano!r on ! subject ( ! ,ragusan sw9dl]1 9 :i* he com=t$ himself1 & dissipat$ ! re/ ( 8 regrets1 by repres5t+ to ! life all ! actors 9 t too real drama4 ,?is task conclud$1 he 0 ab\t to proce$ to ,mod5a1 :5 he he>d t ! duke 0 abs5t at ! ,spani% camp at ,rim9i1 & t 8 be/ *ance ( pursu+ 8 claims 0 to accompany ,f]ramonti1 a celebrat$ pantaloon1 to ! latt] t[n2 :]e1 9 default ( ju/ice be+ done him by 8 sov]eign1 he might h a fur!r res\rce 9 ! company ( actors to :i* ?is com$ian belong$4 ,?is latt] /aff turn$ out ! /\te/ ( ! two3 ! duke *ang$ ! conv]sation :5 ,goldoni m5tion$ 8 claims on ! ducal bank2 b z long z ! c>nival la/$1 he suppli$ ! actors ) dramas1 & liv$ a com=table life at ,rim9i4 ,at l5g? x became necess>y to dep>t = ,g5oa4 ,! armies :i* !n occupi$ ! c\ntry r5d]$ x impossible to get horses2 & he & "s o!r travell]s agre$ to emb>k = ,pes>o4 ,! sea 0 high1 ! pass5g]s suff]$3 we>y ( _! sea voyage1 !y disemb>k$ half way1 at ,cattolica1 &1 leav+ _! effects to ! c>e ( s]vants1 proce$$ 9 a c>t to ,pes>o4 ,a new mis=tune "h await$ him4 ,! ,spani% army _h *ang$ qu>t]s1 & 7 replac$ by _! enemies1 ! ,au/rians4 ,! soldi]s ent]$ ,cattolica1 & seiz$ on ! boat1 ! s]vants1 & ! effects ( ! unlucky pass5g]s4 ,all 0 lo/3 trunks & b&-boxes1 dresses & jewels1 7 ! spoil ( ! ravag]s3 ev5 ! signora ,goldoni 0 mov$ by s ov]:elm+ a calamity3 b "s rem$y 0 to be f\nd4 ,goldoni resolv$ to apply 9 p]son to ! ,au/rian (fic]s = ! re/itution ( 8 prop]ty2 & 8 wife1 ) great *e]fulness1 prep>$ to accompany him4 ,pes>o is t5 miles di/ant f ,cattolica3 ) great difficulty !y hir$ a c>riage to take !m4 ,! vettur9o 0 v av]se to ! job1 b %[$ no signs ( discont5t4 ,:5 ?ree miles f ,pes>o1 ! pair alight$ to walk a %ort di/ance2 & ! cunn+ fell[1 seiz+ ! opportunity1 turn$ 8 horses' heads1 & gallopp$ back to ,pes>o1 leav+ !m 9 ! middle ( ! road4 ,no h\se1 no liv+ be+ 0 to be se52 ! inhabitants _h fl$ on ! arrival ( ! armies4 ,signora ,goldoni began to cry4 ,c\rage6 said ! husb&2 x is b six miles to ,cattolica3 we are "y & /rong2 x w n d to turn back2 let u walk on4 ,! j\rney 0 n1 h[ev]1 an easy "o2 ! road 0 cross$ by sev]al torr5ts1 & ! bridges 7 brok54 ,goldoni c>ri$ 8 wife ov] ! swoll5 /reams2 b !y _h be5 oblig$ to make a circuit 9 se>* ( a =d1 & f\nd !mselves fatigu$ beyond measure4 ,at l5g? !y arriv$ at ! fir/ advanc$ po/ ( ! ,au/rians4 ,goldoni pres5t$ ! passport ) :i* he came provid$1 & !y 7 conduct$ to ! comm&+ (fic]4 ,! colonel at fir/ took !m = two w&]+ p$e/rians2 b1 read+ ! passport1 he made !m sit d[n1 &1 look+ k9dly on !m1 said3 ,:at1 are y signor ,goldoni8--,alas6 ,yes1 repli$ ! o!r4 ,au?or ( ',belis>ius8'--,i am inde$4--,& ?is lady is ! signora ,goldoni8--,%e is ! la/ good ,i possess 9 ! _w4--,i he> y came on foot4--,alas6 sir1 y he>d ! tru?4 ,goldoni n[ expla9$ ! nature ( 8 exp$ition1 & ! (fic] reassur$ him3 he re/or$ 8 luggage1 & lib]at$ 8 s]vant1 &1 happy 9 ! recov]y ( _! prop]ty1 ,goldoni & 8 wife return$ to ,rim9i4 ,aft] sp5d+ "s weeks happily 9 ?is t[n1 he set out on a t\r ?r\gh ,tuscany1 mean+ to proce$ aft]w>ds to ,g5oa4 ,he visit$ ,flor5ce1 ,si5a1 ,volt]ra1 & !n arriv$ at ,pisa4 ,:ile walk+ ab\t to see ! li5s ( ?is t[n1 he pass$ by a palace1 &1 p]ceiv+ t a great conc\rse ( p 7 ent]+ its gates1 he look$ ?r\gh1 & saw a l>ge c\rt1 & ! company all seat$ 9 a circle r\nd4 ,he ask$ a s]vant 9 liv]y1 :o wait$1 :at ! occasion 0 ( s l>ge an assembly4 ,t assembly1 repli$ ! man1 is a colony ( ! ,arcadians ( ,rome1 call$ ! ,alphean colony2 t is1 ! colony ( ,alpheus1 a celebrat$ riv] ( ,greece1 :i* fl[s ne> ! anci5t ,pisa ( ,aulis4 ,goldoni ask$ if he might make "o ( ! audi5ce1 & ! s]vant u%]$ him to a seat4 ,aft] a v>iety ( pieces ( poetry _h be5 read1 he s5t ! s]vant r\nd to ask if a /rang] might be p]mitt$ to recite2 &1 on be+ answ]$ 9 ! affirmative1 he repeat$ an old sonnet ( 81 :i*1 ) a little alt]ation1 seem$ extemporis$ propos = ! occasion4 ,! ,pisans1 *>m$ at once by ! complim5t & ! tal5t ( ! /rang]1 cr[d$ r\nd him4 ,he made _m acqua9tances1 0 invit$ to _! h\ses1 & _! cordial k9dness seem$ at "o "t to *ange ! :ole t5\r ( 8 life = ev]4 ,=1 invit$ & press$ by !m1 & promis$ protection & patronage1 he became a plead] once aga91 & = ?ree ye>s practis$ at ! ,pisan b>4 ,briefs fl[$ 91 cli5ts 7 num]\s1 all 7 satisfi$1 & ,goldoni1 cont5t ) 8 lot1 abjur$ ! !atre4 ,he 0 too well kn[n to be )\t temptations to break 8 resolution3 actors wrote to him = plays1 & he tri$ to refuse1 & !n1 yield+ to ! desire1 he wrote pieces = !m 9 h\rs borr[$ f sleep1 & gave 8 days entire to 8 pr(ession4 ,/ill law & ! drama cont5d$ = him1 & 8 he>t 0 ) ! latt]1 ?\gh he tri$ to turn 8 back on h]1 & to devote himself to h] rival4 ,b he lo/ ! game4 ,a manag]1 nam$ ,m5debac1 arriv$ at ,pisa ) a company4 ,goldoni w5t to see ! repres5tations4 ,!y act$ 8 com$y ( ,la ,donna di ,g>bo1 :i* he consid]$ 8 be/ piece3 he _h writt5 x = a fav\rite actress2 b %e di$1 & he _h nev] se5 x act$4 ,! wife ( ! manag] 0 "y1 beautiful1 & a good p]=m]1 & %e took ! "p ( ! ,donna di ,g>bo4 ,x is difficult exactly to translate1 9 "o ^w1 ?is expression3 z us$ by ! ,tuscans x means1 ! wor?y woman--! woman ^: conduct is upright & e/imable4 ,! h]o9e ( ! piece1 h[ev]1 des]ves m ! "n ( ! cunn+ ?an ! wor?y2 & h] *ief m]it consi/s 9 h] success4 ,rosaura is ! daught] ( a lace-mak] ( ,pavia2 & h] "m's h\se be+ frequ5t$ by _m ( ! /ud5ts & pr(essors ( ! univ]sity1 %e acquires a good deal ( ! s*ola/ic p$antry ( ! s*ools4 ,%e is s$uc$ by a /ud5t1 :o des]ts h]2 on :i*1 = ! sake ( rev5ge1 %e gets1 h]self introduc$ z a s]vant into ! h\se ( 8 fa!r1 :]e1 by pleas+ e body1 & adapt+ h]self to _! hum\rs1 & by great display ( le>n+1 %e hopes to =ce h] lov] into a m>riage1 & succe$s4 ,?is is by no means "o ( ! be/ ( ,goldoni's com$ies1 b x pleas$ on ! /age2 & on ?is occasion ! pr9cipal "p be+ fill$ up by ! wife ( ! manag]1 :o 0 a clev] actress1 x met ) ! greate/ approbation4 ,goldoni1 w>m$ by success1 entic$ by ! (f]s ( ! manag]1 & drawn on by ! in/9ctive b5t ( 8 disposition1 sudd5ly resolv$ to leave ,pisa & ! pr(ession :i* he 0 pursu+ ) s mu* advantage1 & return+ to ,v5ice1 to ent] aga9 on ! task ( writ+ com$ies = its !atre4 ,su* a det]m9ation 0 suffici5tly /range & imprud5t2 b ,goldoni's love = 8 art 0 su*1 t he nev] regrett$ ! sacrifice he made2 on ! contr>y1 be+ n[ :olly devot$ to ! drama1 8 en?usiasm rose1 &1 fill$ ) projects = its re=m1 he work$ ) an ard\r1 :i* 0 rew>d$ by success1 & :i* inspir$ 8 be/ pieces4 ,x is1 p]haps1 difficult = a p]son :o has nev] visit$ ,italy to ent] ) ze/ into all ! m]its ( ,goldoni4 ,8 p]fect fidelity to nature1 ! ease ( 8 dialogue1 & ! dramatic effect ( 8 pieces1 c only be entirely appreciat$ 9 ! repres5tation4 ,! be/ ( !m h (t5 a slight plot1 b ! int]e/ is kept alive by ! v>iety ( ! dialogue4 ,x 0 only sl[ly1 h[ev]1 t he proce$$ to ! re=m ( ! ,italian com$y2 ! sub/itution ( natural incid5t = viol5t & =c$ situations1 & ! high] prop]ties ( com$y = ! m]e burlesque ( f>ce4 ,oblig$ to br+ out 8 plays 9 quick succession1 !y are1 ( c\rse1 unequal1 & did n meet always ) ! same approbation4 ,un=tunately1 8 fir/ season end$ ) a piece :i* _h no success4 ,! company = :i* he wrote1 _h to cont5d ) o!rs1 long] e/abli%$ 9 ! city2 &2 at ! end ( ! c>nival2 ^! circum/ances comb9$ to af=d a dre>y prospect = ! foll[+ ye>4 ,at ?is mom5t ,goldoni /epp$ =w>d 9 ! mo/ s+ul> mann]2 to ! assi/ance ( ! manag]4 ,he publicly promis$ sixte5 new com$ies = ! next season2 & ! audi5ce1 wond]+ & anxi\s1 in/antly engag$ all ! boxes4 ,8 enemies ridicul$1 8 fri5ds trembl$ = him2 b he felt secure t he c\ld fulfil 8 engagem5t1 al?\gh at ! mom5t he _h n conceiv$ ! plot or plan ( "o ( ! promis$ sixte54 ,?is c]ta9ly 0 a great /ret* ( inv5tion & m5tal lab\r4 ,out ( ! sixte51 = he complet$ ! :ole numb]1 !re 7 n m ?an ?ree or f\r m$iocre ones1 & "s 7 among 8 be/4 ,! ,donne ,puntigliose1 or ,punctili\s ,ladies1 is exce$+ly amus+4 ,a ,sicilian trad]'s wife f ! c\ntry1 desires to be receiv$ among ! noble ladies ( ,pal]mo3 %e contrives to get h]self invit$ to small p>ties1 :]e !re are _m m51 & no lady except ! mi/ress ( ! h\se2 b f9ds x impossible to get admitt$ to _! c]emoni\s assemblies4 ,at la/1 an old c\ntess1 high-born1 b poor1 promises to give a ball1 to :i* %e %all be invit$1 on c]ta9 conditions1 to :i* ! l[-born lady readily cons5ts1 ?\gh !y draw r l>gely on h] purse4 ,b to h] con/]nation1 z soon z %e ent]s ! ball-room1 e woman flies z if %e br\ght infection ) h]1 & leaves h] alone ) h] ho/ess4 ,! punctili\s scruples ( ^? :o try to make use ( h] )\t d]ogat+ f _! own dignity1 & :o are ev] ready to receive1 b nev] to conf] fav\rs1 =m a v amus+ picture ( mann]s4 ,pamela 0 among ! mo/ successful ( ^! pieces4 ,ri*>dson's novel ( ,pamela is a great fav\rite ) ! ,italians2 & ,goldoni 0 (t5 ask$ to write a drama on ! subject4 ,z ! ,v5etian laws are sev]e aga9/ ! *ildr5 ( a msalliance1 he consid]s ! cata/rophe ( ! novel z n inculcat+ a recomm5dable l9e ( conduct4 ,he1 !re=e1 trans=m$ ,gaff] ,&rews into a ,scotti% "l ( ! rebellion ( '#de1 & gave ,pamela good blood to r5d] h] m>riage ) h] lov] a comm5dable act on 8 "p4 ,?is com$y _h ! greate/ success4 ,! ,donna ,prud5te 0 equally a fav\rite4 ,! /ory is f\nd$ on a jeal\s husb&1 afraid ( ridicule1 :o is tortur$ by ! att5tions ( ! cavali]e s]v5te ( 8 wife1 yet :o d>es n enc\nt] ! laught] t w\ld ensue if he =bade ! s]vice4 ,! prud5t lady ex]ts h]self ) success to get rid ( h] cavali]e )\t its be+ suppos$ t h] conduct arises f h] husb&'s jeal\sy4 ,! la/ ( 8 sixte5 0 a purely ,v5etian subject1 writt5 almo/ entirely 9 ! ,v5etian dialect3 x is call$ ,i ,pettegollezzi1 or ,! ,gossip+s1 & turns on ! mis=tunes br\ght on ! h]o9e ?r\gh ! gossip ( h] female acqua9tances4 ,x 0 br\ght on ! la/ day ( c>nival4 ,! conc\rse1 ,goldoni writes1 0 s imm5se1 t ! price ( ! boxes 0 tripl$ & quadrupl$2 & ! applause 0 s tumultu\s1 t ^? :o pass$ ne> ! !atre 7 unc]ta9 :e!r ! s\nd 0 t ( m]e plaudits1 or ( a g5]al revolt4 ,i rema9$ tranquil 9 my box1 surr\nd$ by my fri5ds1 :o cri$ = joy4 ,:5 all 0 ov]1 a cr[d ( p came = me1 =c$ me to accompany !m1 & c>ri$1 or r dragg$1 me to ! ,ridotto1 & ov]:elm$ me ) complim5ts1 f :i* ,i w\ld fa9 h escap$4 ,i 0 too tir$ to support all ?is c]emony2 &1 besides1 n kn[+ :5ce all ?is en?usiasm sprang1 ,i 0 angry t ! piece j repres5t$ %\ld be m extoll$ ?an _m o!rs :i* 7 ( great] m]it4 ,by degrees ,i discov]$ ! true motive ( ! g5]al acclamation3 x celebrat$ ! triumph ( my fulfill$ engagem5t4 ,goldoni 0 n[ =ty-?ree ye>s ( age4 ,8 inv5tion _h n yet fall5 (f1 b he tri$ 8 /r5g? too mu*4 ,an illness 0 ! consequ5ce ( ?is extraord9>y ex]tion1 & he felt ! effects ( x all 8 life aft]2 yet dur+ ! ensu+ season he br\ght out sc>cely a small] numb]1 &1 z he proce$$1 atta9$ a yet pur] /yle ( com$y2 & he became ! c5sor ( ! mann]s1 & satiri/ ( ! follies1 ( 8 c\ntry4 ,! peculi> sy/em ( :at is call$ s]vice1 paid by g5tlem5 to ! ladies ( _! *oice1 all ov] ,italy1 w\ld h pres5t$ an ample field bo? = ridicule & repreh5sion1 c\ld he h v5tur$ on x op5ly2 b he 0 oblig$ to treat x ) ! same res]ve1 :5 br++ x on ! /age1 z is us$ :5 x is spok5 ( 9 society2 & he c\ld attack only ! ridicule1 n ! real evils ( ! sy/em4 ,?is com$y1 call$ ! ,villeggiatura1 :i* turns on ?is subject1 is p>ticul>ly amus+2 b x c sc>cely be call$ an attack ^u x4 ,an ,italian g5tleman1 return$ lately f ,p>is1 (f]s to s]ve a lady 9 ! ,fr5* mann]3 he is n to p]=m ^? ?\s& s]vices requir$ ( ! cavali]e s]v5te1 nor to att5d on h]1 nor to be ( any use or amusem5t to h]3 !y are to be fri5ds secretly2 &1 to pres]ve _! fri5d%ip m sacr$ly1 !y mu/ ab/a9 f ne>ly all int]c\rse ) ea* o!r4 ,! lady1 accu/om$ to be con/antly wait$ ^u1 & to f9d 9 h] cavali]e a res\rce aga9/ ! ennui ( solitude1 is at a loss to und]/& ! good t is to result f a negative ( all ! ord9>y uses ( fri5d%ip4 ,! ,smanie della ,villeggiatura attacks ano!r ( ! foibles ( ! ,v5etians4 ,x is _! cu/om1 ea* autumn1 to sp5d sev]al weeks at _! c\ntry seats2 b1 in/ead ( ?is be+ a p]iod ( economy & retirem5t1 x 0 ! fa%ion to invite _! fri5ds1 & to transport ) !m ! dissipation ( ! city4 ,besides ?is1 x be+ necess>y1 z a m>k ( fa%ion1 to retire to a villa1 ^? :o 7 poor1 & did n possess "o1 fanci$ !mselves oblig$ to hire a h\se1 & to g beyond _! weal?i] neighb\rs 9 ! numb] ( _! gue/s & ! spl5d\r ( _! ent]ta9m5ts3 nor c any idea be =m$ out ( ! c\ntry ( ! sort ( fanaticism ) :i* ?is cu/om 0 pursu$2 ev5 to ! br++ ru9 on ^? :o imag9$ !mselves =c$ to s unnecess>y an exp5se4 ,goldoni wrote ?ree com$ies on ?is subject3 ! fir/ consi/$ 9 describ+ ! prep>ations = ! villeggiatura1 or visit to ! c\ntry4 ,x has = its subject ! difficulties ( a a poor pr\d family1 :o 7 b5t on foll[+ ! g5]al example2 ! ?\s& ob/acles t r5d]$ x almo/ impracticable2 & ! envy ) :i* !y view & vie ) ! prep>ations ( _! weal?i] acqua9tance4 ,at l5g? !y dep>t triumphant1 resolv+ to =get _! debts & difficulties until _! return4 ,! second com$y consi/s ( ! adv5tures 9 ! c\ntry2 :]e1 9 ! mid/ ( gambl+1 pleasure1 & app>5t enjoym5t1 a ?\s& annoyances di/ract1 & jeal\sy & envy prev5t1 all real happ9ess4 ,! ?ird com$y1 ( ! return f ! c\ntry1 %[s ! un=tunate lov]s ( rural pleasures ov]:elm$ by debt2 surr\nd$ by a ?\s& difficulties1 sprung up :ile !re2 & sav$ only1 :5 on ! v]ge ( ru91 by a k9d & prud5t fri5d :o assi/s !m1 on _! promise nev] to und]take a villeggiatura aga94 ,^! plays are )\t ! masks1 & give a p]fect repres5tation ( ,italian conv]sation & mann]s4 ,z he wi%$ to criticise ! ,v5etians1 he did n v5ture to place ! sc5e at ,v5ice2 b ! audi5ce easily br\ght home to !mselves ! faults & follies ( ! ,tuscans or ,neapolitans4 ,9 ?us mak+ a detail ( "s ( ! be/ ( 8 plays1 x is impossible to d m ?an to indicate ^? :i* appe> ! be/ wor? read+4 ,! ,v$ova ,scaltra1 or ,! ,gay ,wid[1 0 a great fav\rite 9 ,italy4 ,a ri* wid[1 ) f\r lov]s f f\r diff]5t nations1 seeks f ea* a pro( ( love1 & gives h] h& to ! ,italian1 :o1 by 8 jeal\sy1 ev9ces1 %e imag9es1 ! s9c]e/ te/imony ( ! t5d] passion4 ,! ,feudat>io has 9 x m ( f>ce ?an he usually admits1 & is peculi>ly amus+2 z well z ! ,donna del ,maneggio1 or ,manag+ ,lady1 ^: av>ici\s husb&1 aft] incurr+ a ?\s& ridicul\s disa/]s1 ends by plac+ ! disposal ( 8 prop]ty 9 8 wife's h&s4 ,x w\ld be too long & un9t]e/+ to ent] on ev5 ?is brief notice ( m2 b we may m5tion ! titles ( "s ( 8 be/1 to guide any "o :o wi%es to read only a portion ( ! va/ quantity he wrote3 among ^! may be nam$ ,il ,cavali]e e la ,dama1 ,il v]o ,amico1 ,la ,moglie ,saggia1 ,l',avanturi]e ,onorato1 ,molire e ,t]5zio1 :i* he names himself z ! fav\rite (fspr+ ( 8 p54 ,he sp5t _m ye>s ?us respectably & happily4 ,he lov$ 8 wife & 8 dome/ic circle4 ,! applause ( a !atre p]petually r++ 9 8 e>s1 he 0 gratifi$ by ! consci\sness t he 0 re=m+ ! national ta/e4 ,sometimes he 0 attack$ = :at he consid]$ ! *ief m]it ( 8 dramas4 ,! advocates ( ! old com$y condemn$ 8 new /yle z pu]ile & tame4 ,he def5d$ himself1 & 0 satisfi$ t he obta9$ ! victory4 ,dur+ ! summ]1 :5 ! !atres at ,v5ice 7 clos$1 he visit$ ! v>i\s cities ( ,italy2 & 8 life 0 div]sifi$1 & 8 inv5tion refre%$1 by ^! occasional t\rs4 ,he _h reason to be dissatisfi$ ) ! manag]1 ,m5debac1 :o _h allur$ him f ,pisa1 z he n only 0 illib]al en\gh n to add to 8 sal>y on ^! extraord9>y ef=ts1 b appropriat$ ! pr(its aris+ f ! publication ( 8 works4 ,goldoni 0 unwill+ to ent] into a lawsuit ) him2 he cont5t$ himself1 !re=e1 by br++ out an edition ( 8 play at ,flor5ce2 & z soon z 8 five ye>s' engagem5t ) ,m5debac 0 ov]1 he transf]r$ himself to ! !atre ( ,san ,luca1 on t]ms at once m advantage\s & hon\rable4 ,) "s few rev]ses1 att5dant on an entire *ange ( actors1 & 8 ignorance ( ! peculi> abilities ( ! company1 to :i* he 0 n accu/om$1 8 c>e] on ?is new /age 0 equally successful4 ,he wrote sev]al com$ies 9 v]se1 :i* became peculi> fav\rites4 ,?is success 0 ! occasion ( 8 be+ invit$ to ,rome dur+ ! c>nival3 b 8 dramas did n succe$ s well !re4 ,! actors1 unaccu/om$ to 8 /yle1 7 unable to give !m ) any effect1 & ! ,roman audi5ce call$ out = ,punc9ello4 ,9 #agej1 he receiv$ an (f] f ! ,fr5* c\rt ( an engagem5t = two ye>s1 on v advantage\s t]ms4 ,goldoni hesitat$ a little ab\t accept+ x4 ,a few ye>s be=e1 8 bro!r _h return$ to ,v5ice1 a wid[]1 ) two *ildr54 ,goldoni gave up to him all 8 prop]ty 9 ,mod5a1 & adopt$ ! *ildr51 hav+ none ( 8 own4 ,he made a good income 9 ,italy2 b he _h no provision = old age3 /ill he 0 unwill+ to leave 8 native c\ntry--^: climate & p 7 de> to him--:]e he 0 hon\r$1 lov$1 & applaud$4 ,he made "s enquiries ) reg>d to ! possibility ( gett+ a p5sion f ! ,v5etian gov]nm5t2 b ?is appe>+ a va9 hope1 he consid]$ x "r to close ) ! (f] ( ! k+ ( ,france4 ,he hesitat$ ! m be=e tak+ ?is /ep1 z1 al?\gh ! engagem5t 9 "q 0 b = two ye>s1 he felt t1 once 9 ,p>is1 & acquir+ an hon\rable ma9t5ance1 x 0 probable t he %\ld nev] see ,italy aga94 ,dur+ ! c>nival ( #agfa1 ! la/ pieces he wrote = ! ,v5etian !atre 7 repres5t$3 "o1 ! la/ act$1 0 a sort ( allegorical leave-tak+1 :i* 0 s und]/ood by ! audi5ce2 & ! acclamations & adieus ( ! public mov$ him to te>s4 ,he left ,v5ice 9 ,april #agfa1 accompani$ by 8 wife4 ,8 "m 0 dead2 8 niece he plac$ 9 a conv5t1 "u ! sup]9t5d5ce ( a respectable family at ,v5ice2 8 nephew 0 soon to foll[ him4 ,z he pass$ ?r\gh ,italy1 on 8 way to ,france1 he 0 receiv$ at ! v>i\s t[ns ) di/9ction & k9dness4 ,he sp5t "s little "t at ,g5oa1 ) 8 wife's relations1 & !n !y proce$$ by sl[ /ages to ,p>is4 ,goldoni's dbt z an au?or 9 ! ,fr5* capital 0 n a happy "o4 ,! ,italian com$ians !re 7 n accu/om$ to regul> com$ies1 :i* !y 7 to le>n by he>t1 b to ! old /yle ( _! native f>ce1 :]e ! plot & arrangem5t ( ! sc5es 7 all t 0 writt51 & !y fill$ up ! dialogue !mselves4 ,goldoni wrote two or ?ree pieces = !m on ?is plan )\t success4 ,8 /ay 9 ,p>is 01 h[ev]1 decid$ by ! po/ ( ,italian ma/] to ! daught]s ( ,l\is ,,xv4 be+ be/[$ on him4 ,he knew s little ( ,fr5*1 t he ga9$ z mu* k f ! pr9cesses z he imp>t$ to !m4 ,8 sal>y 0 v sl5d]1 b x 0 increas$ 9 ! sequel2 & 8 nephew also 0 provid$ = by ! po/ ( ,italian tea*] 9 ! milit>y s*ool4 ,goldoni 0 *>m$ by ! ,fr5* actors2 & 8 ambition 0 excit$ to write a com$y to be repres5t$ by ! excell5t com$ians :o !n fl\ri%$4 ,8 desire 0 fulfill$ to ! utmo/4 ,he br\ght out ,le ,b\rru ,bi5faisant1 into :i* he endeav\r$ to in/il ! _s ( ,fr5* dialogue & plot ) great success2 s t ,voltaire praises x z ! be/ ,fr5* com$y writt5 s9ce ,molire4 ,he wrote ano!r on ! same plan2 b x fell to ! gr\nd1 & he at la/ desi/$ f add+ to ! imm5se numb] ( pieces ( :i* he is ! au?or4 ,he liv$ tranquilly & cont5t ) 8 mod]ate means4 ,8 niece 0 m>ri$ at ,v5ice2 8 nephew settl$ happily at ,p>is4 ,! revolution did n1 =tunately1 di/urb ! repose ( 8 la/ ye>s4 ,! ,national ,conv5tion confirm$ 8 p5sion to him1 & cont9u$ x to 8 wid[ aft] 8 dea?4 ,goldoni di$ 9 ! ye> #agib1 at ! age ( eighty-five4 ,no man 0 ev] m born = ! c>e] :i* he pursu$4 ,8 he>t 0 excell5t1 & 8 disposition gay4 ,he nev] all[$ himself to be ca/ d[n by adv]sity1 & met ! attacks ( 8 enemies ) good hum\r1 or su* replies z caus$ ! laugh to be on 8 side4 ,he is numb]$ by 8 c\ntrym5 z among ! be/ ( _! au?ors1--an op9ion confirm$ by all ^? suffici5tly cognisant ) ! ,italian language & mann]s to ent] into ! _s ( 8 compositions4 ,,alfi]i #agdi-ahjc4 ,! ,italian poets ( ! e>ly ages 7 em95tly di/+ui%$ = _! patriotism4 ,! haughty _s ( ,dante bur/ =? into indignant d5unciations aga9/ ! oppressors ( 8 c\ntry2 ! g5tl]1 b n less f]v5t1 ,petr>* 0 nev] we>y ( adjur+ its rul]s to be/[ ^u x ! bless+s ( ju/ice & peace2 & ! latt] ye>s ( ,boccaccio's life 7 ennobl$ by 8 public s]vices1 & 8 e>ne/ endeav\rs to implant a love & rev]5ce = lit]ature 9 ! m9ds ( 8 c\ntrym54 ,! pages ( ,roman hi/ory & ! writ+s ( ,roman poets made !m pr\d ( ! c\ntry :i* _h giv5 !m bir?1 & :i* add$ to its moral gr&eur1 ( hav+ be5 once ! sov]eign & civilis] ( ! _w1--! natural affection inspir$ by its be+1 f its f]tility1 ! div]sity ( its woods1 lakes1 & m\nta9s1 & surr\nd+ sea1 ! mo/ beautiful c\ntry ^u e>?4 ,! national _s di$ away 9 aft] times4 ,! deva/at+ w>s c>ri$ on 9 ! ,p59sula by ,france & ! emp]or1 ! rise ( m9or pr9cipalities1 & ! /ruggles ( rival /ates1 s excit$ ! passions & absorb$ ! int]e/s ( ! ,italians1 t !y became incapable ( enl>g$ views = ! good ( _! c\ntry4 ,! depress+ influ5ce ( c\rtly s]vitude *eck$ ! free _s ( ! writ]s2 ,ario/o & ,tasso 7 bo? conspicu\s = p]sonal indep5d5ce ( "*2 b !y did n ext5d _! love ( lib]ty to any ex]tions = ! r$emption ( ,italy4 ,a d>k] day 0 at h&4 ,! ,p59sula1 divid$ & weak5$1 became a m]e prov9ce4 ,a ,spani% vic]oy reign$ ov] ,naples1 & ! nor!rn portion 0 controll$ by ,france & ,au/ria4 ,! ,italians 7 taught to take pride 9 ! virtues ( slaves2 9 submission1 pati5ce1 & repose4 ,! prosp]ity ( ! c\ntry 0 gone1 its trade de/roy$1 its armies annihilat$4 ,no scope 0 giv5 to g5]\s ambition2 no c>e] (f]$1 by ent]+ on :i* a man might ex]cise ! peculi> privilege ( ! free--t ( in/ruct+ _! fell[ c\ntrym53 to be in(f5sive to ! rul+ p[]s 0 ! aim ( all4 ,! love ( money--n ! love ( ga91 = to ga9 0 impossible1 b m]e p>simony1 aris+ f ! necessity ( reg>d+ ! dome/ic exp5diture z ! only bus9ess ( life--engross$ ! fa!rs ( families2 ! wom5 7 un$ucat$ & degrad$1 & ?\gh !y pres]v$1 z is (t5 ! case 9 a deprav$ /ate ( society1 a nature m g5]\s1 artless1 & k9dly ?an ! o!r sex1 yet ^! virtu\s feel+s f\nd no scope = _! developem5t1 except 9 ! passion ( love4 ,:ile ! law ( primog5iture int]e/$ n only ! l>ge class ( y\ng] sons1 b ev5 ! heads ( families1 :o wi%$ to prev5t _! *ildr5 f m>ry+1 to e/abli% a sy/em ( society1 :i*1 beg9n+ by subv]t+ ! be/ pr9ciples ( morality1 end$ by de/roy+ all social happ9ess4 ,:ile ! high] ord]s 7 ?us occupi$ by money-sav+ & intrigue1 ! l[] ord]s 7 tam$ by h>d lab\r1 & r5d]$ submissive by ! prie/s4 ,! writ]s 7 ! s]vants ( pr9ces3 !y adm9i/]$ to ! pleasures ( _! c\ntrym51 )\t utt]+ "o ^w t c\ld call !m f _! /ate ( debasem5t1 or inspire a love ( ! active & dis9t]e/$ virtues4 ,full ( tal5t z ! ,italians are1 & =m$ by nature = ! noble/ sc5es ( action1 d\btless _m a village ,hampd5 0 born & di$ 9 obscurity & inaction2 & yet ?is expression gives rise to a false notion4 ,! peasants ( ,italy h no education1 &1 al?\gh inf9itely sup]ior 9 tal5t1 p]haps1 to any o!r peasantry 9 ! _w1 are incapable ( t g5]alisation ( ideas :i* produces patriotism4 ,b1 among ! bett] sort ( g5try1--m5 ( simple habits & /rong good s5se1 among ! m5 ( sci5ce & ! pr(essors at ! univ]sities1--!re 7 individuals :o m\rn$ ov] ! ru9 ( ,italy4 ,^! m5 did n s mu* dwell on ! anci5t greatness ( ,rome1 z on ! a*ievem5ts ( _! c\ntrym5 dur+ ! middle ages4 ,lit]ature _h be5 reviv$ by !m2 ! arts _h fl\ri%$ among !m3 !y 7 pr\d ( ! pa/1 b !y despair$ ( ! pres5t4 ,! voice ( lib]ty 0 sil5t4 ,! ,italians hat$ & despis$ _! ma/]s1 b nev] dream$ ( rebell+ aga9/ !m4 ,tuscany 0 slo?ful "u a mild sway1 ^: tyranny 0 nev] felt1 except by ! few :o believ$ t !y 7 n m]ely fruges consum]e nati1 & 7 bitt5 ) a noble mania = b5efit+ _! race4 ,pi$mont 0 rul$ by a pr9ce1 :o1 by cultivat+ 9 8 subjects1 n a m>tial1 b a milit>y _s 7a v diff]5t ?+71 gave 8 idle nobles some?+ to d4 ,lomb>dy 0 cru%$ by =eign bayonets4 ,! voice ( lib]ty 0 sil5t1 :5 ! ,fr5* revolution awoke ! _w1 & ! hope ( fre$om spoke audibly 9 ! he>ts ( all2 &1 aft]w>ds1 :5 ! victories ( ,napoleon cru%$ ?is hope1 !y c\ld n impose a sil5ce = ev] brok54 ,its language is n[ felt & und]/ood f "o end ( ! c\ntry to ! o!r1 & ! day mu/ come :5 ! oppressors w be unable to oppose ! veto ( m]e physical =ce to ! ov]p[]+ influ5ce ( moral c\rage4 ,x 0 :ile ,italy yet repos$ submissive & mute1 t a poet 0 born1 :o d$icat$ all ! p[]s ( 8 m9d to ! awak5+ 8 c\ntrym5 f _! le?>gy--to /r5g!n+ _! en]vat$ m9ds1 & spread+ su* k & su* s5tim5ts abroad among !m1 z w\ld at once reveal _! degrad$ /ate1 & give !m en]gy to aspire to a bett]4 ,vittorio ,alfi]i 0 born at ,a/i1 9 ,pi$mont1 on ! #ag? ( ,janu>y1 #agdi4 ,8 p>5ts 7 noble1 weal?y1 & respect$4 ,to ^! ?ree circum/ances ,alfi]i attributes _m ( ! prosp]\s circum/ances t att5d$ 8 lit]>y c>e]4 ,s9ce ,i 0 born noble1 he says1 ,i c\ld attack ! nobility )\t be+ accus$ ( envy2 s9ce ,i 0 ri*1 ,i 0 indep5d5t & incorruptible2 & ! respectability ( my p>5ts prev5t$ my ev] be+ a%am$ ( my rank4 ,8 fa!r 0 nam$ ,antonio ,alfi]i1 & 8 "m 0 ,monica ,maill>d de ,t\rnon1 ^: family1 orig9ally f ,savoy1 _h long be5 e/abli%$ at ,tur94 ,8 fa!r 0 a man ( blameless life3 he _h nev] ent]$ on any public (fice1 & 0 )\t a sp>k ( t ambition :i* might h l$ him to seek di/9ction at c\rt4 ,he 0 fifty1 five :5 he m>ri$1 & 8 wife1 ?\gh v "y1 0 already a wid[4 ,_! elde/ *ild 0 a daught]4 ,two ye>s aft]1 to ! inf9ite joy ( 8 fa!r1 ,vittorio 0 born4 ,he 0 put out to nurse1 at a village call$ ,rovigliasco1 two miles f ,a/i2 b su* 0 ! t5d]ness ( 8 fa!r1 t he w5t on foot ea* day to see ! *ild4 ,?is 0 a /rong m>k ( affection1 & te/ifi$ also 8 simple & uno/5tati\s disposition3 = ! ,italian nobility usually love repose beyond all ?+s1 & _! greate/ pride is nev] to g on foot4 ,?is solicitude un=tunately co/ him 8 life3 he caught cold on occasion ( "o ( 8 visits1 & di$ aft] a few days' illness1 leav+ 8 wife ab\t to give bir? to ano!r son1 :o1 h[ev]1 di$ 9 8 infancy4 ,%e 0 an amiable & excell5t woman1 & /ill "y :5 h] second husb& di$2 s t %e 0 induc$ to m>ry a ?ird "t4 ,h] husb& 0 a cadet1 ( ano!r bran* ( ! ,alfi]i family2 b1 by ! dea? ( 8 eld] bro!r1 he 9 process ( "t inh]it$ ! weal? ( 8 family1 & became v ri*4 ,?is m>riage prov$ a v =tunate "o4 ,! cavali]e ,giac9to 0 h&some & amiable2 ! c\ple grew old toge!r 9 happ9ess2 & ! lady1 z %e advanc$ 9 ye>s1 ga9$ ! love & respect ( all by h] piety & works ( *>ity & k9dness4 ,on ! m>riage ( 8 "m1 ,vittorio & 8 si/] w5t to live 9 _! fa!r-9-law's h\se1 :o prov$ himself a k9d p>5t to ! orphans4 ,al?\gh 8 heal? 0 n robu/1 ,alfi]i's *ildhood 0 little int]rupt$ by sickness2 & 8 fir/ grief 0 exp]i5c$ at ! age ( sev51 :5 8 si/] ,julia 0 s5t to a conv5t = h] education4 ,al?\gh he 01 at fir/1 p]mitt$ to see h] e day1 yet he felt1 on h] removal f ! p>5tal ro(1 t viol5ce ( emotion & boil+ ( ! blood :i* 0 apt to seize on him1 9 aft] life1 :5 =c$ to sep>ate f any "o to :om he 0 w>mly atta*$4 ,?us 8 s5sibility develop$ itself e>ly2 & s5sibility & pride1 bo? exalt$ into passions r ?an feel+s1 7 always ! prom95t traits ( 8 disposition1 & :i* at la/1 f ! excessive influ5ce !y ex]cis$ ov] him1 g5]at$ t gloomy melan*oly to :i* he 0 a victim4 ,alfi]i rema9$ at home1 "u ! tutelage ( a wor?y prie/1 nam$ ,don ,ivaldi1 ) ^: assi/ance he began to le>n ! rudim5ts ( ,lat94 ,8 disposition 01 = ! mo/ "p1 taciturn & placid3 n[ & !n he became loquaci\s & gay 9 ! extreme1 &1 at o!r times1 ! melan*oly already nasc5t 9 8 he>t1 fill$ him ) /range & passionate ?\ghts4 ,he 0 ob/9ate :5 treat$ unk9dly1 b readily yield$ to affection2 &1 above all1 he 0 susceptible1 to a pa9ful degree1 ( ! s5se ( %ame4 ,:51 z a puni%m5t = *ildi% faults1 any sort ( public p5ance 0 impos$ on him1 he endur$ su* transports ( agony z affect$ 8 heal? = weeks4 ,at ! age ( n9e1 8 uncle1 ! cavali]e ,pellegr9o ,alfi]i1 :o 0 8 gu>dian1 return$ f a t\r 9 ,france & ,engl&1 & visit$ ,a/i1 on 8 way to ,tur94 ,he f\nd 8 nephew happy "u ! dome/ic ro(1 b le>n+ little or no?+2 accord+ly1 he ?\ght ?is a v bad /ate ( ?+s1 & insi/$ t he %\ld be plac$ at ! public s*ool at ,tur91 :]e ignorance1 r ?an k1 0 taught1 b :]e1 z he w\ld be neglect$ & enslav$1 x 0 to be suppos$ t 8 education w\ld prosp] bett] ?an "u ! indulg5t c>e ( a fond "m4 ,%e 0 oblig$ to cons5t1 & p>t$ f h] son ) reluctance & te>s4 ,! boy's grief at ! mom5t ( sep>ation 0 vehem5t2 b x 0 quickly dissipat$ by ! delight ( travell+ po/1 & ! pleasure he took 9 brib+ ! po/ilions to g at _! utmo/ spe$4 ,he 0 accompani$ by a s]vant only2 &1 :ile ! old man slept1 ! little fell[ sat pr\d & gay 9 ! c>riage1 z x :irl$ pa/ village & t[n 9 quick succession4 ,:5 arriv$ at ,tur91 8 uncle receiv$ him k9dly4 ,he 0 at fir/ depress$ by ! *ange ( sc5e1 & miss$ ! c>esses ( 8 lov+ "m2 b soon he became s joy\s1 & ev5 riot\s1 t ! cavali]e ,pellegr9o ha/5$ to place him at ! academy3 & "h he 01 at ! age ( n9e1 torn f ! dome/ic circle to :i* he 0 accu/om$1 at a di/ance f all 8 fri5ds1 isolat$ & ab&on$4 ,! only species ( education1 su* z x 01 ent]$ ^u at ! academy1 reg>d$ _! lit]>y /udies3 ! feel+s 7 left to =m !mselves2 lessons ( morality & ! duties ( life mak+ no "p ( ! in/ruction af=d$ ! pupils4 ,! academy1 ,alfi]i tells u1 0 a l>ge1 h&some quadrangul> build+1 ) a l>ge c\rt 9 ! middle2 two sides ( ! squ>e 7 occupi$ by ! /ud5ts1 ! o!r two by ! k+'s !atre & royal ar*ives4 ,! side occupi$ by u1 :o 7 call$ ( ! second & ?ird ap>tm5t1 0 opposite ! latt]2 t occupi$ by ! /ud5ts ( ! fir/ ap>tm5t be+ opposite to ! k+'s !atre4 ,! upp] gall]y on our side 0 call$ ! ?ird ap>tm5t1 & 0 devot$ to ! y\ng] boys & l[] s*ools4 ,! gall]y on ! gr\nd floor 0 call$ ! second1 & occupi$ by ! pupils r m advanc$ 9 age3 a portion ( ^! /udi$ at ! univ]sity1 ano!r edifice adjo9+ to ! academy2 ! re/ receiv$ _! education 9 ! milit>y college4 ,e gall]y conta9$ at lea/ f\r *amb]s1 ea* occupi$ by elev5 y\?s1 ov] :i* an assi/ant1 or u%]1 presid$1--a poor fell[1 ^: only paym5t consi/$ 9 be+ bo>d$ & lodg$ free ( exp5se1 :ile he /udi$ !ology or law1 at ! univ]sity2 or1 if he 7 n a poor /ud5t1 he 0 an old & ignorant prie/4 ,a ?ird portion ( ! side de/9$ to ! fir/ ap>tm5t 0 occupi$ by ! k+'s pages1 to ! numb] ( tw5ty or tw5ty-five1 :o 7 totally sep>at$ f u ( ! second1 at ! opposite angle ( ! c\rt1 & close to ! gall]ies ( ! ar*ives4 ,we1 ! y\ng] pupils1 c\ld n h be5 worse plac$4 ,on "o side1 0 a !atre :i* we 7 only p]mitt$ to visit ab\t five or six times dur+ ! c>nival2 on ! o!r1 ! pages :o att5d$ on ! c\rt1 & :o1 cont9ually hunt+ & rid+1 appe>$ to enjoy mu* fre] & happi] lives ?an ! poor imprison$ boys2 besides ^!1 we ov]look$ ! proce$+s ( ! fir/ class1 :i* 0 compos$ almo/ entirely ( =eign]s1 ,russian & ,g]man1 ) a l>ge proportion ( ,engli%2--?is class 0 re/ra9$ by no rule except t ( be+ 9 by midnight2 & _! ap>tm5t 0 a m]e lodg+ h\se to !m1 in/ead ( be+ a place ( education4 ,alfi]i 0 plac$ 9 ! ?ird ap>tm5t3 he _h ! luxury ( a s]vant to att5d on him2 b ! fell[1 un*eck$ by sup]ior au?ority1 became a sort ( petty tyrant ov] 8 "y ma/]3 9 all o!r respects1 he 0 on an equality ) ! re/ ( 8 comrades4 ,! basis ( ! sy/em ( education consi/$ 9 /rict imprisonm5t1 little sleep1 & un:olesome food4 ,to ?is 0 add$ a c]ta9 degree ( p>rot k ( ! ,lat9 language3 ! boys 7 taught to con/rue ,cornelius ,nepos2 b s little pa9s 7 tak51 or1 r1 s little p[] 0 !re 9 _! in/ructors to enl>ge _! /ores ( real k1 t ,alfi]i tells u1 t n "o ( !m knew :o ! m5 7 ^: lives !y read2 nor :at ! c\ntry1 gov]nm5t1 or times 7 9 :i* !y liv$1 nor ev5 :at ?+ gov]nm5t 04 ,! boy made progress1 h[ev]1 9 :at he 0 taught3 8 emulation 0 excit$1 & 8 memory 0 cultivat$2 b1 on ! o!r h&1 he grew sickly & /unt$ 9 gr[?1 ! effects ( bad food & too little sleep4 ,he _h only 8 drunk51 8 dissipat$ s]vant to att5d on him :5 he 0 ill2 :o (t51 on su* occasions1 left him half ! day alone1 :i* increas$ ! con/itutional melan*oly ( 8 disposition4 ,8 pleasures 7 few2 & ! want ( all affectionate treatm5t blight$ 8 life4 ,x seems /range to u t 8 "m did n visit him1 & t he nev] w5t home = a vacation3 b su* 7 ! cu/oms ( ! c\ntry1 & he 0 br\ght up 9 con=mity ) !m4 ,! _s ( emulation1 caus$ him1 9 "s degree1 to di/+ui% himself1 & he advanc$ to high] classes & att5d$ lectures on philosophy1 humanity1 & ma!matics2 b su* 0 ! /yle 9 :i* !y 7 taught1 t1 :5 he _h gone ?r\gh six books ( ,euclid1 he 0 unable to demon/rate ! f\r? proposition2 &1 ?\gh he /udi$ a :ole ye> "u ! fam\s ,becc>ia1 he did n compreh5d a ^w ( :at he 0 taught4 ,?is is ! less extraord9>y1 s9ce1 speak+ ! patois ( ,pi$mont1 ,italian 0 z a =eign language2 &1 ?\gh he contriv$ to obta9 a copy ( ,ario/o1 he 0 unable to und]/& a ^w ( x4 ,8 tea*]s 71 = ! mo/ "p1 equally ignorant2 s t :ile 8 "t 0 devot$ to ,lat91 8 native language 0 a seal$ book to him4 ,he _h a few relations at ,tur91 & :5 he became really ill1 !y int]f]$ t he %\ld h m sleep & bett] food2 b he cont9u$ a puny & ail+ boy4 ,"s few pleasures div]sifi$ 8 life4 ,8 uncle f\nd t ! education ( 8 si/] ,julia 0 entirely neglect$ at ,a/i1 & %e 0 remov$ to a conv5t at ,tur94 ,%e 0 fifte5--9 love--& divid$ f ! object ( h] affections4 ,h] bro!r became h] confidant3 he visit$ h] twice a week1 & tri$ to inspire h] ) con/ancy & resolution2 b y\?ful spirits 7 ( m avail ?an ! lessons ( romance1 &1 9 %ort "t1 %e 0 consol$4 ,ano!r pleasure he enjoy$ 01 :5 a relation took him1 on "o occasion1 to ! op]a buffa1 sung by ! be/ comic s+]s ( ,italy4 ,! op]a 0 ! ,m]cante di ,malmantile4 ,! _s & vivacity ( ! music made a pr(\nd impression on him1 leav+1 z x 71 a trail ( h>mony 9 8 e>s & he>t1 s t = _m weeks aft] he rema9$ imm]s$ 9 an excessive1 b n pa9ful1 melan*oly4 ,dur+ ?is "t he abhorr$ & nauseat$ 8 usual /udies1 :ile a _w ( fanta/ic images cr[d$ 8 m9d2 & _h he kn[n h[1 he w\ld h compos$ v]ses1 & h express$ ! mo/ lively emotions1 _h n all language 9 :i* to express !m be5 d5i$ to him1 ?r\gh ! ignorance ( 8 tea*]s4 ,?is 0 ! fir/ "t t music ex]cis$ s great an influ5ce ov] him1 & x rema9$ long impress$ ^u 8 memory4 ,at all times he 0 excessively susceptible to ! impressions made by h>mony1 & he f\nd t vocal music1 especially female voices1 possess$ a peculi> p[] to di/urb & agitate 8 m9d4 ,no?+1 he tells u1 awak5$ 9 him m viol5t or v>i\s emotions2 & almo/ all 8 trag$ies 7 conceiv$ :ile 9 ! act ( li/5+ to music1 or a few h\rs aft]4 ,"o o!r pleasure t he enjoy$ dur+ ?is p]iod1 0 sp5d+ a =tnight ) 8 uncle at ,cuneo4 ,?is little j\rney did 8 heal? good1 & occasion$ him inf9ite delight4 ,x 0 "h t he wrote 8 fir/ sonnet1 address$ to a lady admir$ by 8 uncle1 & :o pleas$ him4 ,z he knew no?+ ( ,italian1 or1 z x is call$1 ,tuscan1 ?is sonnet mu/ h be5 v bad4 ,x pleas$ ! lady2 b 8 uncle1 :o 0 a soldi]1 & ( an au/]e disposition1 & :o1 ?\gh imbu$ ) suffici5t k ( hi/ory & gov]nm5t1 despis$ poetry1 ridicul$ ! boyi% effusion1 & put all ?\ght ( writ+ ano!r out ( 8 head4 ,at ! age ( f\rte51 ! circum/ances ( 8 life 7 consid]ably alt]$4 ,8 gu>dian uncle di$4 ,by ! ,pi$montese laws1 *ildr5 ( f\rte5 are consid]$1 to a c]ta9 degree1 ( age1 & are all[$ ! entire disposal ( _! incomes2 :ile a tru/ee is appo9t$ to prev5t _! ali5at+ any "p ( ! pr9cipal or real prop]ty4 ,alfi]i 0 ?us rais$ at once to indep5d5ce2 &1 to add to 8 com=t1 8 s]vant1 :o _h tyrannis$ ov] him1 & :o1 unwat*$1 & un*eck$1 _h fall5 into ! wor/ vices1 0 dismiss$4 ,alfi]i p>t$ f him ) regret1 despite 8 ill-treatm5t1 & %[$ ! k9dl9ess ( 8 he>t by visit+ him twice a week1 & giv+ him :at money he c\ld sp>e4 ,he tells u t he c ill acc\nt = 8 atta*m5t to "o :o _h %[n s little k9dness to him3 he c\ld n attribute x to g5]osity on 8 "p2 b p>tly to habit1 & p>tly to ! tal5ts ( ! man1 :o1 besides be+ s+ul>ly sagaci\s1 0 accu/om$ to tell him long adv5tures & tales full ( imag9ation & int]e/4 ,! fir/ fruit he reap$ f ! dea? ( 8 uncle 0 be+ p]mitt$ to att5d ! rid+ s*ool1 :i* _h be5 be=e d5i$4 ,he 0 !n ( dim9utive /ature & weak ( frame1 & little able to control 8 horse2 b p]sev]ance1 & a great desire ( success1 suppli$ e o!r defect4 ,to ?is noble ex]cise he ow$ ! good heal?1 robu/ness1 & increase ( /ature1 t he soon acquir$4 ,! next great ev5t t foll[$ 01 8 be+ remov$ f ! second to ! fir/ ap>tm5t ( 8 college4 ,9 ! second1 ! /ud5ts 7 m]e boys1 & !y 7 kept 9 /rict discipl9e2 9 ! fir/1 entire fre$om & idl5ess 0 ! ord] ( ! day4 ,he made 8 entrance on ! #h? ( ,may1 #agfc4 ,8 comrades 7 almo/ all =eign]s1 _m 7 ,fr5*1 a /ill great] numb] 7 ,engli%4 ,an excell5t table 0 s]v$ 9 ! be/ /yle1 & all brea!d luxury1 com=t1 & fre$om4 ,mu* amusem5t1 a great deal ( sleep & ( rid+1 gave ,alfi]i r5ew$ heal? & spirits4 ,he sp5t 8 money on horses or dress4 ,8 tru/ee qu>rell$ ) him = 8 extravagance1 b t did n alt] ! /ate ( ?+s4 ,) lib]ty & money he acquir$ fri5ds & companions 9 e amusem5t & ent]prise4 ,yet1 he says1 9 ! mid/ ( ?is busy vortex1 be+ little m ?an f\rte51 ,i 0 n ne>ly s unreasonable z ,i might h be54 ,f "t to "t1 ,i felt a sil5t impulse )9 me to apply to /udy1 & a good deal ( %ame = my ignorance1 conc]n+ ! ext5t ( :i* ,i nev] deceiv$ myself1 nor o!rs4 ,b1 gr\nd$ 9 no "o /udy1 undirect$ by any1 n really acqua9t$ ) a s+le language1 ,i knew n h[ nor to :at to apply myself4 ,i read ,fr5* romances1 & conv]s$ ) =eign]s1 & =got ! little ,italian ,i _h be=e contriv$ to pick up f my ,ario/o4 ,at "o "t ,i took x into my head to imm]se myself 9 ! ?irty-six volumes ( ,fleury's ,ecclesia/ical ,hi/ory1 mak+ extracts 9 ,fr5*2 b soon ,i ?rew x aside1 & took to romances & ! ',arabian ,nights4' ,rid+1 & horses1 & f9e clo!s 7 8 passions4 ,he & 8 fri5ds w5t out 9 troops1 leap+ ov] e ob/acle1 =d+ riv]s1 & break+ d[n ! un=tunate animals !y rode1 till at la/ no "o w\ld let !m any4 ,b ^! active ex]cises invigorat$ ,alfi]i's heal?1 /r5g!n$ 8 frame1 & fill$ him ) _s & resolution2 prep>+ 8 m9d to support1 & ev5 to make good use (1 ! physical & moral lib]ty he aft]w>ds acquir$4 ,! y\? ( ! fir/ ap>tm5t 7 p]fectly free1 b !y 7 all "y m53 ,alfi]i 0 z a boy among !m1 be+ only fifte52 & x 0 consid]$ "r t 8 s]vant %\ld att5d him con/antly1 & act z a *eck ^u him4 ,! man :o _h replac$ 8 =m] tyrant 0 a fooli%1 good-hum\r$ fell[1 :o easily yield$ to brib]y & p]suasion1 & let 8 "y ma/] d z he pleas$4 ,b ?is did n satisfy ! y\?'s pride2 he resolv$ to be on an equality ) 8 comrades1 &1 )\t say+ a ^w to 8 valet1 or to any "o1 w5t out alone4 ,he 0 reprov$ by ! gov]nor1 b repeat$ 8 (f5ce imm$iately4 ,on ?is he 0 put "u arre/ = a few days2 b no soon] 0 8 prison door op5$1 ?an1 9 op5 defiance1 he w5t out aga9 unaccompani$2 & al?\gh1 on ! r5ewal ( 8 (f5ce1 ! t]m ( 8 imprisonm5t 0 prolong$1 x 0 )\t avail4 ,at l5g? he decl>$ t 8 arre/ mu/ be p]petual1 s9ce z soon z he 0 set at lib]ty he %\ld ex]cise ! same privilege1 be+ resolv$ n 9 any way to be on a diff]5t foot+ f 8 comrades2 t ! gov]nor might remove him f ! fir/1 & replace him 9 ! second ap>tm5t1 b t he insi/$ ^u be+ put 9 possession ( all ! rights ( 8 companions4 ,on ?is he 0 kept conf9$ = m ?an ?ree mon?s2 nor w\ld he make any reque/ to be lib]at$1 b1 indignant & /ubborn1 _h di$ r ?an h yield$4 ,i slept ne>ly all day1 he tells u2 t[>ds ev5+ ,i got up f my b$1 &1 hav+ a mattrass plac$ ne> ! fireplace1 ,i /ret*$ myself ^u x on ! gr\nd4 ,n *oos+ to receive ! usual college d9n]1 ,i caus$ food to be br\ght into my room1 & cook$ poll5ta & simil> ?+s at my fire4 ,i nev] dress$ myself1 nor all[$ my hair to be t\*$1 & became an absolute savage4 ,?\gh ,i 0 n all[$ to quit my room1 my fri5ds 7 p]mitt$ to visit me2 b ,i 0 sull5 & sil5t1 & lay l a lifeless body1 n reply+ to any ?+ t 0 said2 & ?us ,i cont9u$ = h\rs1 ) my eyes fix$ on ! gr\nd1 & full ( te>s1 ?\gh ,i nev] suff]$ "o to escape f !m4 ,?is ob/9acy mu/ h annoy$ 8 ma/]s consid]ably1 & !y 71 no d\bt1 glad to make use ( ! fir/ fair occasion = re/or+ him to lib]ty4 ,! m>riage ( 8 si/] gave !m a pretext1 ( :i* !y avail$ !mselves4 ,julia m>ri$ c\nt ,giac9to di ,cumiano on ! #a/ ( ,may1 #agfd3 ! w$d+ took place at ! beautiful village ( ,cumiano1 t5 miles f ,tur94 ,alfi]i enjoy$ ! spr+ season & 8 newly recov]$ lib]ty ) int5se delight1 &1 on 8 return to college1 0 admitt$ to all ! privileges ( ! class ( /ud5ts to :i* he belong$4 ,! control ov] 8 income be+ n[ almo/ entirely 9 8 own h&s1 he laun*$ out into a v>iety ( exp5ses1 ! fir/ ( :i* 0 ! pur*ase ( a horse1 a fi]y b delicate animal1 :i* he lov$ s passionately1 t he c\ld nev] aft] call him to m9d )\t emotion3 if x 0 ill1 he c\ld nei!r eat nor sleep4 ,! delicacy ( ?is belov$ horse 0 ! occasion ( 8 buy+ ano!r2 & aft] t he b\ght c>riage horses1 & cab & saddle horses1 till he _h a /ud ( eight1 to ! great dissatisfaction ( 8 tru/ee2 b1 z he c\ld set 8 repreh5sions at n\ght1 he gave no e> to !m1 b plung$ into e k9d ( exp5se1 pr9cipally 9 dress1 compet+ 9 extravagance ) ! ,engli% memb]s ( ! univ]sity4 ,9 ! mid/ ( ?is vanity1 ! +5u\sness ( 8 disposition manife/$ itself4 ,he made display among ! ri* =eign]s1 :o 7 8 associates2 b1 :5 he 0 visit$ by 8 poor] fri5ds & c\ntrym51 :o1 ?\gh ( noble bir?1 7 yet /rait5$ 9 means1 he 0 accu/om$ to *ange 8 dress1 to put on mode/ attire1 & ev5 to hide 8 f9]y1 t he might n appe> to possess any sup]iority ov] !m3 ?is delicacy ( feel+ ext5d$ itself to o!r p>ts ( 8 conduct1 & %[$ ! g5u9e urbanity & b5evol5ce ( 8 disposition4 ,9 ! autumn ( #agfe1 he made a %ort j\rney to ,g5oa ) 8 tru/ee3 ?is 0 ! fir/ "t t he _h left ,pi$mont2 & "h1 = ! fir/ "t1 he saw ! sea1 ! aspect ( :i* transport$ him ) admiration1 & s exalt$ 8 imag9ation1 t he says1 if he _h und]/ood any language1 or _h _h any poetry be=e him1 he %\ld c]ta9ly h compos$ v]ses4 ,dur+ ?is j\rney1 to 8 inf9ite delight1 he visit$ 8 native t[n1 & 8 "m1 :om1 /range to say1 he _h n se5 = sev5 ye>s4 ,!re seems some?+ incompreh5sible 9 a /ate ( society t %\ld admit ( ! propriety1 or1 r1 en=ce ! necessity1 ( a boy ( n9e be+ sep>at$ f all mat]nal c>e1 & left to /ruggle z he might1 dur+ ! prec>i\s season ( *ildhood & ( adolesc5ce1 )\t a p>5t's eye to wat* ov] 8 well-be+1 & adm9i/] to 8 heal? & happ9ess4 ,on 8 return to ,tur91 he 0 n a little pr\d among 8 c\ntrym5 ( 8 j\rney to ,g5oa2 b among ! ,engli%1 ,g]man1 ,poli% & ,russian /ud5ts he felt ! utmo/ rage & %ame to ?9k t !y _h se5 c\ntries s mu* m di/ant4 ,?is uneasy s5se ( inf]iority inspir$ him ) a passion = travell+1 & made him resolve to visit ! v>i\s l&s ( :i* 8 comrades 7 natives4 ,9 ! fir/ impulse ( expectant manhood1 he _h petition$ to be all[$ to ent] ! army4 ,z he grew old] he began to f9d t 8 lib]ty 0 de>] to him ?an any milit>y p>ade2 b1 z he did n )draw 8 reque/1 he f\nd himself admitt$1 9 #agff1 z ensign into ! prov9cial regim5t ( ,a/i4 ,he _h *os5 ?is1 z ! duties att5dant on x 7 slight1 x be+ only requir$ to assemble = review = a few days twice a ye>3 h[ev]1 ?is necessity annoy$ him1 especially z x =c$ him to quit ! univ]sity1 :]e he w\ld h be5 well pleas$ to rema92 b !re 0 no help1 & he left college1 aft] an abode ( ne>ly eight ye>s4 ,he took a small ap>tm5t 9 ! same h\se ) 8 si/]1 & sp5t all he c\ld 9 horses & all sorts ( luxuries1 z well z 9 d9n]s giv5 to 8 fri5ds4 ,a dislike ( milit>y discipl9e1 & a love ( travell+1 made him soon aft] ask a ye>'s leave ( abs5ce2 & he set out = ,rome & ,naples "u ! c>e ( an ,engli% ,ca?olic1 :o 0 ab\t to make t t\r1 z tutor to two "y ,flemi% g5tlem54 ,x 0 ) great difficulty t he obta9$ ! necess>y p]mission2 ! k+ 0 av]se to ! nobles leav+ ! c\ntry1 & x 0 only by a ?\s& petty artifices & intrigues t at la/ he succe$$ 9 8 wi%es4 ,agitat$ by an inexplicable disquietude ( m9d1 ignorant ( all ) reg>d to lit]ature & ! arts1 t c\ld make travell+ int]e/+4 ,alfi]i _h at ?is "t b "o pleasure 9 a j\rney1 :i* 01 go+ along ! high road ) ! greate/ possible spe$4 ,8 companions 7 z little awake to rational inquiry z himself2 & ! only "o among !m1 he tells u1 :o _h common s5se1 0 8 valet1 :o also act$ z c\ri]1--a man nam$ ,elia1 :o s]v$ him = _m ye>s ) ! greate/ fidelity4 ,! fir/ city at :i* ! p>ty /opp$ 0 ,milan4 ,!y w5t to see ! curiosities1 & visit$ ! ,ambrosian libr>y4 ,! treasures ( ! collection 7 wa/$ ^u ,alfi]i3 :5 an autograph ( ,petr>* 0 %[n him 7p]haps ! ,virgil on ^: cov] ! poet has record$ 8 passionate sorr[ on ! dea? ( ,laura71 he1 b>b>ian l1 pu%$ x away1 say+1 x 0 no?+ to him4 ,?is act did n arise f m]e indiff]5ce2 b p>tly f a grudge he felt aga9/ ,petr>*1 aris+ f 8 n be+ able to und]/& 8 poetry2 & %ame = 8 own ignorance took ! guise ( contempt ( ano!r's g5ius4 ,on visit+ ,flor5ce1 ! only object t call$ =? any emotion 0 ! sight ( ,mi*ael ,angelo's tomb2 :5 ! recollection ( ! fame :i* _h be5 acquir$ by ?is ma/] ( 8 art fill$ him ) ideas t he c\ld n def9e2 & ! ?\ght rose 9 8 m9d1 t ^? m5 only 7 truly great1 :o left "s endur+ monum5t ( g5ius beh9d !m4 ,b ^! notions 7 vague & transitory2 he liv$ only = ! pres5t h\r1 ev5 :ile t af=d$ no "o object to occupy or please him4 ,on leav+ ,flor5ce1 he hurri$ ?r\gh ,pisa & ,si5a2 b su* is ! magic ( ! "n1 t ! approa* to ,rome made 8 he>t palpitate1 & 8 torpid s\l w>m$ into some?+ l en?usiasm4 ,he 0 *>m$ by ! magnific5t aspect :i* ! et]nal city pres5ts z x is ent]$ by ! ,porta del ,popolo2 & sc>cely _h he alight$ at ! hotel 9 ! ,piazza di ,spagna1 ?an he hurri$ (f co behold ! wond]s ( ! place4 ,ignorance n>r[s ! intellect1 & takes ! liv+ col\rs f ! imag9ation4 ,alfi]i1 aft] all1 reg>d$ coldly ^? objects :i* r5d] ,rome a city ( absolute en*antm5t4 ,he 0 be/ pleas$ ) ,/4 ,pet]'s4 ,at ea* successive visit1 ! solemn va/ness ( ! mighty aisles ( ! ca!dral made a deep] impression2 ! spl5d\r ( ! ar*itecture1 ! sublime /illness ( its inc5se-brea?+ atmosph]e1 & ! s(t twilight t reigns b5ea? its dome1 k9dl$ 8 s\l to some?+ l poetic inspiration4 ,b ev5 ^! feel+s c\ld only = a few mom5ts appease ! re/lessness t pursu$ him1 & he hurri$ away f ,rome ) all ! impati5ce ( "o ill at ease 9 himself4 ,at ,naples he grew /ill m di/urb$ & melan*oly3 music1 :i* he lov$1 only t5d$ to increase 8 gloom2 & 8 res]ve prev5t$ him f =m+ any intimacies4 ,all day he drove f place to place1 9 ^? droll little ,neapolitan cales9e1 :i* g at su* a prodigi\s rate "u ! guidance ( _! ,laz>oni driv]s1--,n1 he says1 t ,i wi%$ to visit rem>kable objects1 = ,i _h no curiosity nor k ab\t !m1 b m]ely = ! sake ( be+ on ! road3 ,i 0 nev] satiat$ ( rapid motion1 b a mom5t's quiesc5ce fill$ me ) annoyance4 444 ,& ?us ,i liv$1 a riddle to myself1 believ+ t ,i _h capacity = no?+2 feel+ no decid$ impulse or emotion1 except a cont9ual melan*oly2 nev] f9d+ peace nor quiet1 yet n kn[+ :at ,i desir$2 bl9dly obey+ my nature1 al?\gh ,i nei!r /udi$ nor compreh5d$ x4 ,_m ye>s aft]w>ds ,i p]ceiv$ t my unhapp9ess proce$$ f ! want1 nay ! necessity1 :i* ,i h1 to h at once my he>t occupi$ by "s wor?y object1 & ray m9d by "s ennobl+ pursuit2 =1 :5ev] ei!r ( ^! two fail me1 ,i rema9 incapable ( ! o!r1 satiat$ & we>y1 & beyond all ?+s mis]able4 ,9 ! mid/ ( ?is di/urb$ & unpr(itable /ate1 he n\ri%$ ! ard5t desire to travel on & on1 beyond ! m\nta9\s b\nd>ies ( 8 c\ntry1 uncontroll$ & alone4 ,= ?is purpose he appli$ to ! ,s>d9ian m9i/]2 &1 repres5t+ h[ correct 8 conduct 01 & h[ capable he %[$ himself ( manag+ 8 own affairs1 he bes\ght him to obta9 leave f _! sov]eign1 t he might deta* himself f ! tutor1 & proce$ alone4 ,to 8 great joy1 8 reque/ 0 compli$ )2 &1 ) inf9ite delight1 he left ,naples = ,rome1 eag] to make use ( 8 entire indep5d5ce1 & to f9d himself solit>y & "l ( himself1 on ! high road1 m ?an ?ree hundr$ miles di/ant f 8 native ,pi$mont4 ,h[ little does m]e fre$om ( w satisfy ! m9d1 :5 n m9i/]$ to & fill$ by ?\ghts t g beyond ! pres5t mom5t4 ,! aimless uneas9ess ( ,alfi]i 0 n to be dissipat$ by ! m]e ability ( satisfy+ 8 crav+ = locomotion4 ,he obta9$ leave ( abs5ce = ano!r ye>1 & p]mission to visit ,france & ,engl&3 b ! same _s accompani$ him ( melan*oly & ennui2 & all objects 7 /ale & unpr(itable to 8 languid s5ses4 ,motive 0 abs5t2 & 8 ard5t feel+s1 left to prey on !mselves1 produc$ te>s & regret b no p[] ( f9d+ a means ( ex]cis+ !m ) advantage & happ9ess4 ,if 8 ignorance 0 ev] br\ght home to him1 he 0 r5d]$ uncom=table1 b felt no wi% to improve4 ,he tells u t1 at ,rome1 he 0 accu/om$ to visit ea* day ! c\nt ( ,riv]a1 m9i/] ( ,s>d9ia1--a wor?y old man1 :o %[$ him e k9dness1 & gave him ! be/ advice4 ,"o morn+ he f\nd ! c\nt occupi$ 9 read+ ! six? book ( ! neid2 & :5 ,alfi]i ent]$1 he sign$ to him to approa*1 & began to recite ! beautiful lam5tation = ,m>cellus4 ,six ye>s be=e1 ,alfi]i _h translat$1 & kn[n by he>t1 ! great] "p ( ,virgil2 b he _h n[ =gott5 x1 & felt ?or\ghly a%am$1 b ) little c\rage to am5d2 s t ! result ( ?is sc5e 0 only t he sull5ly rum9at$ ov] 8 disgrace1 & nev] w5t ne> ! c\nt aga94 ,! desire ( "s sort ( int]e/ drove him into a fit ( av>ice4 ,he 0 sl5d]ly provid$ ) means = 8 ultramontane j\rney2 & he resolv$ to save all he c\ld 9 ,italy1 t he might n be re/rict$ :5 among =eign]s4 ,he foll[$ up 8 sy/em ( p>simony ) 8 usual ard\r1 & c>ri$ x to an excess :i* became its cure1 s9ce he got we>y ( ! privations & annoyances he ?us br\ght on himself4 ,f ,rome he proce$$ to ,v5ice1 pass+ ?r\gh ,f]r>a )\t a ?\ght ( ,ario/o or ,tasso2 & ,padua1 )\t visit+ ei!r liv+ pr(essors1 or ! tomb ( ! illu/ri\s dead 9 ! neighb\rhood4 ,:at 0 ,petr>* to him8 he aga9 ask$ himself2 he wrote 9 an unkn[n tongue1 ( :i*1 aft] all1 he felt a%am$ ( be+ ignorant4 ,he 0 pleas$ ) ,v5ice1 & 0 div]t$ by its amusem5ts2 yet ! spr+ season br\ght 8 usual annual fit ( melan*oly1 & he sp5t _m days brood+ ov] he knew n :at1 & weep+ he knew n :y4 ,spurr$ on by re/lessness1 he hurri$ away f ,v5ice3 he pass$ solit>ily & ennui$ ?r\gh ! beautiful cities ( ,lomb>dy1 seldom pres5t+ lett]s ( recomm5dation1 & always keep+ out ( ! way ( acqua9tances3 pr\d & %y1 he hat$ new faces2 & besides1 8 desire ( travell+ made him avoid ! ties ( fri5d%ip & ev5 ( love1 ?\gh once or twice ! smiles ( beauty almo/ s(t5$ 8 he>t4 ,all 8 desire 0 to ha/5 to ,france1 & to enjoy ! delights he !re promis$ himself4 ,he 0 de/9$ to be disappo9t$2 = 8 ill-regulat$ imag9ation always exagg]at$ ! pa9s & pleasures ( ! future1 :ile x did n possess ! bett] p[] ( exalt+ & adorn+ ! objects :i* 9 anticipation _h appe>$ s desirable1 & :i* 9 possession grew contemptible & b>r54 ,"o ( ! s+ul>ities ( ,alfi]i's "* 0 ! extravagant hatr$ ( ,france :i* he *]i%$ all 8 life4 ,he attribut$ ?is1 9 ! fir/ place1 to a vehem5t *ildi% dislike ( 8 ,fr5* danc+-ma/]4 ,/ill he read no?+ b ,fr5* books1 ,fr5* 0 ! language he commonly spoke1 & he left ,italy 9 eag] anticipation ( ! pleasures ( ,p>is4 ,b ,alfi]i did n "k 8 own nature2 nor 0 he aw>e t he c\ld f9d happ9ess ?r\gh ! m$ium ( 8 passions & intellect only1 :ile amusem5t & ev5 dissipation _h ! effect ( we>y+ & disgu/+ him4 ,! circum/ance ( 8 fir/ entrance into ,p>is suffic$ to cl\d 8 /ay2 nay1 ! feel+s ( 8 :ole life 7 influ5c$ by ! pa9ful impression !n made4 ,x 0 ! mon? ( ,augu/1 9 ,italy s sun%9y & fe/al2 a drizzl+ ra91 accompani$ by a *ill+ temp]ature ( air1 impress$ him mo/ disagreeably2 ! /reets1 h\ses1 & p 7 all mean1 dirty1 & imp]t95t 9 8 eyes2 8 illusions vani%$1 &1 b = a s5se ( %ame1 he w\ld on ! in/ant h quitt$ ! city he _h come s f> to visit4 ,! lapse ( a qu>t] ( a c5tury did n erase ! pr(\nd traces ( disgu/ & av]sion t 7 !n tr5*$ 9 8 m9d4 ,at ! "t1 ! pr9cipal effect ( 8 disappo9tm5t 0 a little to dim9i% 8 passion = travell+2 & to f9d t1 beyond ! ,alps1 he le>n$ to appreciate ! beauties ( ! div9e c\ntry he _h be5 s eag] to quit4 ,he delay$ 8 dep>ture f ,p>is till ,janu>y1 & !n hurri$ to ,london1 :i* delight$ z mu* z ,p>is _h disgu/$ him2 & he ?us gives evid5ce ( a fact ( :i* _m ,engli%1 :o h travell$1 mu/ be aw>e--t !re is some?+ 9 ,italy & ! ,italians1 9 ! rural beauty ( ! c\ntry1 & 9 ! unpret5d+ b highly gift$ natives1 m cong5ial to our ta/e1 ?an 9 ! peculi> habits & mann]s ( ! ,fr5*4 ,indu/ry does "h1 9 beautify+ ! l&scape1 :at nature does beyond ! ,alps2 :ile 9 ,france1 !re is a discom=t & a desolation app>5t 9 ! mid/ ( its civilisation & pl5ty1 :i* is s+ul>ly disagreeable4 ,9 ?is c\ntry1 ! roads1 ! inns1 ! horses1 ! wom51 all *>m$ ,alfi]i2 ! appe>ance ( g5]al compet5ce1 ! activity ( life1 & ! cleanl9ess & com=t ( ! h\ses1 dim9utive z !y /ruck him to be1 made an agreeable impression1 :i* ea* successive visit r5ew$4 ,yet he l$ a /range life--avoid+ society1 al?\gh 9 ! mid/ ( x4 ,he _h be5 accompani$ f ,p>is by a fri5d2 & he amus$ himself1 ea* morn+1 by driv+ him ab\t t[n1 & act+ ! coa*man = him at night1 sitt+ on ! box = h\rs1 & tak+ pride 9 8 dext]ity 9 extricat+ 8 c>riage amid/ ! difficulties & confusion att5dant on ! va/ multitude ( equipages t ?rong r\nd places ( amusem5t dur+ ! ,london season4 ,?is did = a little :ile2 !n1 9 ob$i5ce to 8 w&]+ prop5sity1 he made a t\r to ,portsm\?1 ,bri/ol1 & ,ox=d4 ,he 0 pleas$ ) all he saw2 & began to ent]ta9 a wi% to settle 9 a c\ntry ^: aspect 0 s agreeable1 :]e ! mann]s 7 simple1 ! wom5 mode/ & beautiful1 ! laws equitable1 & ! m5 free4 ,! en?usiasm he felt1 made him disreg>d ! melan*oly g5]at$ by ! gloomy climate1 & ! ru9\s exp5se ( liv+4 ,he obs]ves1 & ) ju/ice1 t ,italy & ,engl& are ! only c\ntries 9 :i* x is desirable to live3 ! =m]1 because !re nature v9dicates h] rights1 & rises triumphant ov] ! evils produc$ by ! gov]nm5ts2 ! latt]1 because art conqu]s nature1 & trans=ms a rude ung5ial l& into a p>adise ( com=t & laugh+ abundance4 ,9 ,june1 he left ,engl& = ,holl&2 & at ! ,hague = ! fir/ "t became really 9 love1 & at ! same "t 8 he>t op5$ itself to fri5d%ip4 ,! lady :om he admir$1 & :o return$ 8 affection1 0 un=tunately a m>ri$ woman1 b an ,italian education & habits prev5t$ any scruples ( consci5ce f int]rupt+ ! felicity he enjoy$4 ,8 fri5d 0 ,don ,jos d',alcunha1 ,portuguese m9i/] 9 ,holl&4 ,alfi]i describes him z clev] & orig9al1 ) a cultivat$ und]/&+ & firm unb5d+ "*3 ) tact & efficacy ! ,portuguese awoke 9 8 new fri5d %ame = 8 idle1 aimless life4 ,x 0 a curi\s circum/ance1 he tells u1 t he nev] felt a /rong desire = m5tal improvem5t1 except at su* p]iods z :5 he 0 passionately 9 love1 & 8 "t s employ$ t he c\ld be/[ none ( x on lit]ature4 ,9 process ( "t1 :5 he became wor?ily atta*$1 he may h p]ceiv$ 9 ?is1 ! b5efic5t action ( ! passions 9 our nature1 :5 _! objects are :at !y ought to be--ennobl+ & p]man5t4 ,aft] a p]iod ( great happ9ess1 he 0 =c$ to sep>ate f ! lady to :om he 0 atta*$1--%e be+ oblig$ to jo9 h] husb&1 :o _h gone to ,switz]l&2 & ,alfi]i suff]$ ! milde/ ( ! puni%m5ts t result f lov+ "o to :om y _c consecrate y\r life4 ,b ?\gh a sep>ation1 att5d$ nei!r by disa/r\s incid5t nor infidelity1 is ! g5tle/ p5ance = su* an error1 x visit$ ! "y ,italian 9 no g5tle mann]4 ,x 0 a natural wi%1 z any "o w ackn[l$ge :o has att5d$ to 8 own s5sations1 on fir/ be+ subject$ to passionate sorr[1 t :i* he =m$--= be+ bl$3 prev5t$ by 8 fri5d & a fai?ful s]vant f all[+ ?is ble$+ to be fatal1 8 grief became gloomy & taciturn2 ,holl& grew hateful to him2 & he return$ to ,italy ) ! utmo/ spe$--nev] re/+ till he f\nd himself at ,cumiano1 9 8 si/]'s villa1 aft] a ?ree weeks' j\rney1 dur+ :i* "t he saw no?+ & said no?+1 communicat+ only by signs ) 8 fai?ful s]vant1 ,elia1 :o nev] lo/ sight ( him1 & bore ) exempl>y pati5ce 8 caprices & he$less tyranny4 ,?is /ate ( melan*oly regret augm5t$ 8 love ( solitude1 & eng5d]$1 moreov]1 a desire to /udy3 he pass$ ! w9t] at ,tur91 9 8 si/]'s h\se1 see+ absolutely no society1 & sp5d+ 8 "t 9 read+4 ,he turn$ ov] ! pages ( ,voltaire1 ,r\sseau1 ,helvetius1 & ,montesquieu2 b 8 *ief delight 0 d]iv$ f ! p]usal ( ,plut>*'s lives4 ,8 m9d 0 /rongly excit$ by ! h]oic virtues ( ! great m5 ( :om he read1 & te>s ( m+l$ admiration & indignation gu%$ f 8 eyes4 ,he felt ! mis=tune x 0 to be a native ( ,pi$mont2 & to h be5 born 9 a c\ntry1 & at a "t1 :5 no scope 0 af=d$ = ^w or action1 sc>cely any = ?\ght & feel+4 ,9 ! spr+ ( #agfi he set out on ano!r & a long] t\r4 ,he _h be5 disappo9t$ 9 a matrimonial project1 propos$ to him by 8 bro!r-9-law4 ,! "y lady 0 ri* & beautiful1 b %e pref]r$ a h&some "y c\rti] to a man already rem>kable = ! ecc5tricity ( 8 conduct & ! sombr5ess ( 8 disposition3 = ,alfi]i1 )drawn f ! common r\t9e ( society by 8 passionate & e>ne/ nature1 c\ld b awkw>dly & reluctantly fulfil ! ?\s& m9ute duties :i* an ,italian is accu/om$ to pay to 8 lady2 nor1 on ?is occasion1 did love inspire him ) t devotion ( he>t :i* might h prov$ acceptable 9 lieu ( petty att5tions4 ,he 0 n[ tw5ty1 &1 accord+ to ! laws ( 8 c\ntry1 ( age--s t 8 entire =tune 0 at 8 disposal3 ?is consi/$ ( an income ( #bejj sequ9s1 or ab\t #abjjl4 a ye>1 & a l>ge sum ( ready money2 &1 to augm5t ! value ( 8 possessions1 he _h acquir$ ! habits ( rational economy1 :i* sprang f ! scant9ess ( ! all[ance :i* 8 prud5t tru/ee _h made him4 ,?us he set out ) money 9 8 purse1 & no love 9 8 he>t1 except ! t5d] recollection ( 8 half-ext+ui%$ ,flemi% flame2 & if ) a head n mu* full] ( ideas1 yet ) a ?\s& s5tim5ts awak5$1 :i* af=d$ matt] = ?\ght4 ,z he drove along1 he read ,montaigne1 or reflect$ on :at he read--a little gall$ by f9d+ t he c\ld n con/rue ! ,lat9 quotations1 & /ill m s by be+ oblig$ to skip ! ,italian ones4 ,vi5na & ,b]l9 7 ha/ily visit$1 & se5 )\t pleasure3 he _h beheld ! results ( lib]ty 9 ,engl&1 & he _h read ( !m 9 ,plut>*1 & 8 natural s5se ( indep5d5ce made him revolt f ! milit>y despotisms ( ! nor?4 ,in/9ctive good s5se s]v$ him bett] ?an ! philosophy ( ,voltaire1 & he recognis$ ! clov5 foot ( arbitr>y p[] 9 ! b>rack capital ( ! philosoph] ( ,sans ,s\i4 ,he hurri$ away f ^! mock]ies ( lib]alism1 & f\nd m pleasure 9 ! simplicity ( ! ,sw$es3 ! contra/ :i* b>r5 nature af=d$1 9 ^! froz5 regions1 to ! luxuriance & glory ( ,italy int]e/$ & pleas$ him2 ! velocity ( 8 sl$ge1 z he proce$$ ?r\gh ! sil5t p9e =e/s1 & ov] ! ice-cov]$ lakes1 fo/]$ an agreeable melan*oly2 & he describes 8 spr+ j\rney f ,sw$5 to ,/4 ,pet]sburgh ) a vividness & beauty :i* x w\ld spoil to abridge4 ,emb>k+ at ! fir/ break+ up ( ! fro/ on ! ,gulf ( ,bo?nia1 8 boat _h to /ruggle ?r\gh ! float+ ice2 & ! novelty ( 8 situation 0 a s\rce ( amusem5t4 ,?is is ! c\ntry ( ,europe1 he says1 mo/ agreeable to me1 f its savage rud5ess2 fanta/ic1 gloomy1 & ev5 sublime1 ideas are creat$ 9 ! m9d by ! va/1 undef9able sil5ce t reigns !re1 mak+ y feel z if transport$ away f ! globe4 ,/4 ,pet]sburgh disappo9t$ him2 nor w\ld he see ! empress ,ca!r9e1 :om he reg>d$ z ! murd]ess ( h] husb&1 & ^: conduct--hav+ fail$ 9 h] promise ( be/[+ a con/itution on h] subjects--0 unr$eem$1 9 8 eyes1 by any mitigat+ circum/ances4 ,f ,russia he trav]s$ ,g]many to ,holl&1 & aga9 visit$ ,engl&4 ,8 "t1 dur+ 8 second visit to ?is c\ntry1 0 engross$ by an atta*m5t = a lady ( rank1 :o prov$ h]self n only unwor?y ( ! affection ( ! husb& :om %e betray$1 b ! lov] to :om %e 0 false4 ,! m viol5t passions ( ,alfi]i 7 all r\s$ to _! utmo/ vehem5ce by ! v>i\s *ances ( ?is adv5ture1 :i* 0 att5d$ by all ^? hairbread? escapes1 m5ac+ dang]s1 & f9al ru9 & mis]y1 :i* usually wait ^u intrigue 9 ,engl&4 ,fir/ x 0 love1 accompani$ by ! s9 & fe> :i* att5ds on my/]y & deceit2 !n sep>ation came to drive him to despair4 ,! ,london season ov]1 ! lady w5t to h] c\ntry h\se ne> ,w9dsor2 & ,alfi]i c\ld only visit h] cl&e/9ely1 on su* nights :5 h] husb& 0 abs5t 9 ,london4 ,8 impati5ce & agony dur+ ! p]iods ( sep>ation 7 only appeas$ by excessive ex]cise3 he rode ab\t all day1 p]=m+ su* feats ( horseman%ip z endang]$ 8 life4 ,leap+ a five-b>r$ gate1 ) 8 ?\ghts w&]+ to 8 lady1 in/ead ( be+ fix$ on 8 bridle-h&1 8 horse fell on him1 & dislocat$ 8 %\ld]2 b t did n prev5t a visit to ,w9dsor on ! foll[+ ev5+1 ! la/ t he 0 de/9$ to make4 ,! s]vants obs]v$ & wat*$ him1 & ! husb& ( ! lady _h intellig5ce ( h] infidelity2 & "h1 he writes1 x is impossible n to laugh at ! contra/ betwe5 ,engli% & ,italian jeal\sy1 s diff]5t are ! passions 9 diff]5t *>act]s1 9 ano!r climate1 &1 above all1 "u o!r laws4 ,e ,italian w\ld n[ expect to he> ( bl[s1 poison1 /abs1 or1 at lea/1 ( ! imprisonm5t ( ! lady1 "u su* viol5t provocation3 no?+ ( all ?is happ5$1 ?\gh ! ,engli% husb& ador$ 8 wife aft] 8 mann]4 ,x 0 mu* accord+ to ! pres5t cu/oms1 t ! ,engli% husb&1 besides in/itut+ legal proce$+s aga9/ 8 wife & h] lov]1 call$ out ! latt]4 ,! duel 01 h[ev]1 a v h>mless proce$+3 ,alfi]i c\ld n f5ce1 & 8 adv]s>y 0 satisfi$ by m]ely draw+ blood by a scrat* 9 ! arm1 c>efully ab/a9+ f inflict+ ! w\nd or dea? :i* he _h x 9 8 p[] to be/[4 ,a f> deep] & m pa9ful w\nd 0 res]v$ = ! ,italian1 :5 he le>n$ h[ grossly ! lady _h deceiv$ him4 ,a groom ( h] husb& _h =m]ly be5 h] lov]3 he /ill liv$ 9 ! h\se2 &1 fe>+ t 8 "l w\ld risk 8 life 9 an enc\nt] ) ,alfi]i1 he ha/5$ to in=m him t ! lady 0 totally unwor?y su* a *ivalr\s enc\nt]4 ,all ^! disgraceful circum/ances came out on ! trial4 ,alfi]i1 madd5$ & enrag$1 0 yet unable1 at fir/1 to sep>ate f 8 trea*]\s mi/ress4 ,!y travell$ toge!r 9 ,engl&1 he furi\s at 8 own weakness1 & p]petually /ruggl+ to vanqui% x2 till1 seiz+ on a mom5t :5 %ame & indignation 7 /rong] ?an love1 he left h] at ,ro*e/]1 on h] way to ,france ) a relative1 & return$ to ,london4 ,9 aft] times1 ! *ief impression left on 8 m9d f ?is adv5ture 01 a feel+ ( mix$ respect & gratitude t[>ds h] husb&1 :o sp>$ bo? 8 life & 8 purse1 nei!r kill+ him1 nor dem&+ damages3 ! fir/ ! ,engli% noble1 app>5tly1 _h at 8 m]cy2 b x is unlikely1 "u all ! circum/ances1 t ! latt] %\ld h be5 aw>d$ him1 to any great ext5t4 ,aft] tempe/s l ^!1 x 0 long be=e ! impetu\s & s5sitive s\l ( ,alfi]i settl$ into any ?+ l calm3 p>oxysms ( rage1 love1 grief1 & despair succe$$ "o to ! o!r1 & 8 only relief 0 d]iv$ f locomotion4 ,he left ,london1 & aft] visit+ 8 fri5d ,alcunha at ! ,hague1 he hurri$ on to ,p>is2 he trav]s$ ,france1 & ent]$ ,spa91 /ruggl+ ) ! passion t w>r$ )9 him1 & dev\r$ by ! gloomie/ melan*oly4 ,at ,b>celona he b\ght two ,spani% horses1 & ) ^! resolv$ to proce$ on 8 j\rney to ,madrid4 ,8 c>riage w5t on fir/1 "u ! c>e ( ! s]vants & mulete]s2 & he foll[$1 *iefly on foot1 8 beautiful ,&alusian trott+ beside him ) ! docility ( a dog4 ,?is mixture ( idl5ess & *ange--( solitude & indep5d5ce--soo!d 8 di/urb$ m9d4 ,he 0 giv5 up to endless rev]ie1 n[ engross$ by melan*oly & moral tra9s ( ?\ght2 n[ possess$ by images wild1 t]rible1 or gay4 ,he knew no language1 & c\ld express no?+ t he felt--all 0 confus$ & vague1 & m+l$ ) viol5t transports ( grief & despair4 ,he spoke to no "o2 & 8 taciturn1 self-dev\r+ mis]y irritat$ him almo/ to madness4 ,8 fai?ful s]vant1 ,elia1 :o foll[$ him dur+ all 8 j\rneys1 _h ne>ly become ! victim to an explosion ( ! p5t-up volcano4 ,9 comb+ ! c\nt's long tresses1--:i* x 0 ! fa%ion !n to we>1--he accid5tally pull$ "o hair2 & ,alfi]i1 />t+ up l lightn+1 hurl$ a c&le/ick at 8 head1 :i* /ruck him on ! temple & inflict$ a w\nd4 ,elia's ,italian nature 0 r\s$1 & he flew on 8 ma/]4 ,o!r p int]f]$1 & no m h>m 0 done4 ,alfi]i told 8 s]vant t he might kill him if he *ose3 he des]v$ x1 & w\ld take no precautions aga9/ 8 v5geance2 & he praises 8 own c\rage 9 ?us expos+ himself1 & ! magnanimity ( ! man = n ris+ 9 ! night & murd]+ him z he slept4 ,! :ole sc5e is inexplicable to our nor!rn imag9ations1 & bord]s on ! excesses ( savage nature4 ,x w\ld be difficult = any "o1 says ,alfi]i1 to und]/& ! mixture ( f]oci\sness & g5]osity on bo? sides1 :o has n _h exp]i5ce ( ! mann]s & hot blood ( ! ,pi$montese4 ,aft] a j\rney ?r\gh ,spa9 & ,portugal m savage1 wild1 & solit>y ?an 0 ev5 8 wont4 ,sid5ote3 #aggb4 tat4 #bc4 ,alfi]i return$ to ,tur92 & "h he seem$ to be 9 great] dang] ?an he _h ev] be5 ( los+ all ! exaltation ( "* & feel+ t clung to him despite 8 excesses1 8 ignorance1 & ! total abs5ce ( all m5tal culture4 ,he took a magnific5t h\se1 & fitt$ x up ) luxury & ta/e4 ,he _h a circle ( fri5ds1 :o =m$ !mselves into a society1 ) laws & regulations4 ,"o ( _! amusem5ts 0 a sort ( lit]>y budget1 to :i* ! v>i\s memb]s contribut$ writ+s = ! recreation ( ! g5]al society4 ,alfi]i wrote sev]al pap]s1 :i* obta9$ a good deal ( applause3 he _h a turn = satire1 & t is always a popul> /yle ( writ+ 9 a cot]ie4 ,^! compositions 7 all 9 ,fr5*4 ,a worse degradation ?an ?is sort ( vegetative dissipation await$ ! c\nt3 he became a cavali]e s]v5te4 ,! lady 0 ( rank1 a good deal old] ?an himself1 b ( extraord9>y beauty4 ,%e 0 not$ = h] gallantries2 & ,alfi]i1 :o 0 n 9 love1 h] /yle ( beauty ev5 n be+ exactly to 8 ta/e1 0 drawn 91 at fir/1 by m]e idl5ess1 & a belief 9 ! excessive atta*m5t %e bore him4 ,soon a mo/ vehem5t passion engross$ him4 ,fri5ds1 div]sions1 ev5 horses1 7 neglect$2 f eight 9 ! morn+ till twelve at night he 0 cont9ually ) h]--discont5t$ ) 8 s]vitude1 b unable to /ay away4 ,x is difficult to und]/&1 & impossible to sympa?ise )1 ! sort ( fr5zy he describes4 ,he did n e/eem ! lady1 & he despis$ himself = ! humiliat+ /ate to :i* he 0 r$uc$4 ,! situation ( a cavali]e s]v5te is1 we are told by high ,engli% au?ority 9 su* matt]s1 no s9ecure4 ,to be con/antly 9 att5dance is its *ief duty4 ,a cavali]e sits ) 8 lady1 drives ) h]1 walks ) h]1 goes to assemblies & ! op]a ) h]3 he foll[s h] l h] %ad[1 & no matrimonial exig5ce c equal ! total abnegation ( all indep5d5t occupation to :i* ! cavali]e mu/ submit4 ,! lady1 inde$1 may equally become we>y2 b an ,italian woman is us$ to ?is excess ( indol5ce4 ,h] life is monoton\s1 h] passage f "o amusem5t to ! o!r inv>iable1 sam5ess =m+ ! ess5ce ( h] exi/5ce3 no?+ animates x except love1 sc&al1 or qu>rell+3 ^!1 & ! natural vivacity ( s\!rn blood1 :i* c div]sify ! indol5ce :i* w\ld o!rwise mantle ov] & incru/ e faculty4 ,b all ?is 0 torture to ! fi]y _s ( ! c\nt1 :o1 born = bett] ?+s1 /ruggl$ ) 8 fett]s1 & ro>$ l a lion 9 ! toils4 ,8 slav]y la/$ = two ye>s4 ,at "o "t1 ! n]v\s irritation produc$ a viol5t & inexplicable malady1 :i* ! wits ( ,tur9 decl>$ he _h inv5t$ exclusively = himself4 ,he 0 unable = sev]al days to swall[ alim5t 9 any %ape2 & ! convulsions br\ght on by any attempt to =ce x on him almo/ depriv$ him ( life4 ,at ano!r "t1 he acquir$ resolution en\gh to s*eme a j\rney to ,milan1 & actually set out2 b sc>cely _h he pass$ ! gates ( ,tur9 ?an 8 he>t fail$ him1 & he return$1 burn+ ) indignation aga9/ himself1 to resume 8 *a9s4 ,8 fri5ds saw & piti$ 8 mis]able /ate1 & _! compassion aggravat$ 8 suff]+s1 :ile x did n enable him to rise above ! en?ralm5t4 ,day aft] day1 mon? aft] mon?1 he =m$ new resolves to extricate himself1 & = a long "t 9 va94 ,at l5g?1 9 ! ,febru>y ( #agge1 be+ n[ tw5ty-six ye>s ( age1 he1 9 desp]ation1 came to a det]m9ation to break (f ! disgraceful int]c\rse4 ,8 old rem$y ( *ange ( place _h prov$ ( no avail1 s he resolv$ to rema9 on ! same spot2 to %ut himself up 9 8 own h\se1 :i* 0 opposite t ( ! lady1 b to receive no lett]s1 he> no messages1 & to be induc$ by no fail+ ( ! he>t ev] to behold h] m4 ,9 tok5 ( 8 fix$ purpose1 he cut (f 8 long hair1 & s5t x to a fri5d1 z a pro( t he c\ld n pres5t himself 9 society s %orn & disfigur$4 ,& n[ a bett] day dawn$ on ! tempe/ ( passion t d>k5$ 8 s\l4 ,9 ,lisbon he _h be5 acqua9t$ ) ! abate ,caluso1 a man ( le>n+ & tal5t1 :o _h1 9 "s degree1 awak5$ 9 him a desire = k1 :ile1 ) ! utmo/ =be>ance & k9dness1 he tri$ to light5 ! %ame inspir$ by e glimm]+ light t display$ 8 excessive ignorance4 ,!y _h pass$ _m long ev5+s toge!r1 & ,alfi]i pref]r$ 8 in/ructive b unpret5d+ conv]sation to ! gaieties ( society2 & "h he felt an awak5+ ( t dormant p[] ( composition :i* aft]w>ds 0 to exp& into wor?y & p]5nial fruit4 ,9 ,tur91 also1 he 0 acqua9t$ ) sev]al lit]ati2 & n[1 a volunt>y prison]1 & pass+ _m long h\rs 9 entire solitude1 unaw>e & almo/ uns\ght1 a true1 /rong1 & endur+ love ( k sprang up )9 him1 nev] aft] to be weak5$ or de/roy$4 ,! fir/ tok5 ( ! _s ( composition1 0 a sonnet 9 commemoration ( ! fre$om he _h acquir$4 ,"s ye>s be=e1 9 ,p>is1 he _h b\ght a collection ( ,italian poets1 & by read+ !m _h ga9$ a slight k ( v]sification1 & ( 8 native language2 yet s ludicr\sly imp]fect 0 ?is1 t1 :5 he %[$ 8 sonnet to a lit]>y man1 ! fir/ advice he receiv$ 0 to le>n to spell4 ,or?ography1 gramm>1 & rhy?m 7 alike defective 9 8 production4 ,he 0 n disc\rag$4 ,?is same fri5d1 fa!r ,paciaudi1 _h giv5 him ! ,cleopatra ( c>d9al ,delf9o4 ,alfi]i fanci$ t he c\ld write a bett] trag$y himself2 & he began "o on ! same subject4 ,he consult$ 8 fri5ds ^u x1 & tri$ to ga9 "s in/ruction z to /yle & poetic laws1 ( :i*1 hi!rto1 he _h rema9$ 9 pr(\nd ignorance4 ,8 h\se became a sort ( academy2 :ile he1 desir\s ( le>n+1 b pr\d & indocile1 we>i$ himself & all ar\nd him by 8 alt]nate fits ( indu/ry & despond5cy4 ,at l5g?1 a trag$y & a f>ce 7 ! result ( 8 endeav\rs1 & bo? 7 act$ on ! same nights1 at ! !atre ( ,tur91 ) applause1 on two consecutive ev5+s1 & 7 giv5 out = a ?ird repres5tation4 ,b ,alfi]i by ?is "t began to discov] ! entire want ( m]it ( ^! productions3 :i* prove1 z we may judge f ! passages he has pres]v$1 t ideas & feel+s are ( no avail 9 composition1 :]e !re is a total abs5ce ( /yle1 & an absolute incapacity ( f9d+ language 9 :i* to clo! ! nak$ & un=m$ conceptions ( ! bra94 ,on ! ?ird night1 !re=e1 ,alfi]i prev5t$ ! repres5tation2 & on ! same night he 0 seiz$ by s vehem5t & burn+ a wi% to des]ve ! applause ( an audi5ce1 t1 he tells u1 no fev] ( love _h ev] assail$ him ) simil> impetuosity4 ,& ?us1 he says1 at ! age ( sev5 & tw5ty1 ,i ent]$ into ! difficult engagem5t ) ! public & myself to become a writ] ( trag$ies2 & ^! 7 ! props ,i _h to su/a9 me 9 my und]tak+1--a resolv$1 ob/9ate1 & untam$ _s2 a he>t boil+ ov] ) all sorts ( emotions1 among :i* pr$om9at$ ! transports ( love1 & a pr(\nd & indignant abhorr5ce ( e species ( tyranny2 a v slight recollection ( ! ,fr5* trag$ies ,i _h se5 act$1 hav+ read & /udi$ none2 an entire ignorance ( ! rules ( ! drama2 & a total incapacity to comm& ! language ( :i* ,i made use2--all ?is 0 surr\nd$ by a husk1 n s mu* ( presumption1 z ( petulance1 & an impetuosity ( "* :i* /ood 9 ! way ( my ev]1 except ) reluctance1 ackn[l$g+1 inve/igat+1 or giv+ e> to tru?4 ,! fir/ ?+ he f\nd he _h to d1 0 to apply himself to a spell+-book & gramm>3 ?is necessity 0 n admitt$ )\t a /ruggle2 b ! ard\r ( 8 en?usiasm enabl$ him to triumph ov] ^! petty b p]plex+ & irritat+ ob/acles2 & he gave himself up to ! /udy ( language ) a mixture ( impati5ce & p]sev]ance t kept 8 m9d 9 a p]petual tumult4 ,he 0 "u ! necessity ( driv+ away all ,fr5* words & =ms ( spee* f 8 m9d1 & ( imbu+ 8 ?\ghts 9 ! idiom ( ,tuscany1--a "w ( unspeakable lab\r1 unit+ ! /udies ( a man ) ^? ( a *ild1 & suffici5t to h ov]come ! resolution ( any temp] less ard5t & ambiti\s ?an 8 own4 ,aft] all1 x mu/ be ackn[l$g$ t x 0 to a great degree an insup]able difficulty2 &1 ?\gh ov]come1 9 appe>ance1 by ,alfi]i1 yet 9 composition he _h always two lab\rs1--t ( giv+ bir? to ideas1 & t ( exam9+ ) ! att5tion & scepticism ( a =eign] ! words 9 :i* he clo!d !m4 ,?is1 p]haps1 is ! cause1 t al?\gh1 9 process ( "t1 8 prose /yle became unexceptionable1 & t ( 8 trag$ies full ( fire & /r5g?1 8 lyrics are su* lam5table failures4 ,= ne>ly a ye> he 0 giv5 up to ! ungrateful task ( cle>+ away ! rubbi% ( ano!r language1 & plac+ ! f\ndation /ones ( a pure & classic ,italian4 ,he retir$ to a village ne> ,tur91 t 8 att5tion might n be call$ (f2 & !re1 ) a lit]>y fri5d1 he lab\r$ at all t nauseates a s*oolboy1 ) ! /ill great] disgu/ ( m]e v]bal difficulties :i* is felt by a man4 ,aft] a ye> ( mu* indu/ry1 he began to be aw>e t he %\ld nev] atta9 8 object z long z he m]ely translat$ himself f ! ,fr5*1 :i* _h become ! language ( 8 ?\ghts2 & he resolv$ to pass six mon?s 9 ,tuscany1 to le>n1 to he>1 speak1 ?9k1 & feel ,tuscan only4 ,9 ?is j\rney he s\ght ! acqua9tance ( ! fir/ lit]>y m51 & ex]t$ himself /r5u\sly to acquire ! k ( :i* he 0 s defici5t4 ,he nev] deceiv$ himself by fancy+ 8 defici5cies 7 less ?an !y 74 ,he 0 born end[$ ) g5ius2 uncultivat$ & empty ( all k z 8 m9d 01 yet x 0 fill$ ) ?\ght & feel+1 &1 dur+ 8 solit>y j\rneys & long incommunicative days ( rev]ie1 he _h /udi$ 8 own "*4 ,at "o "t he _h kept a j\rnal1 9 :i* he put d[n n only 8 actions1 b _! motives1 inve/igat+ 8 moral nature 9 its inmo/ recesses4 ,?is 0 an ex]cise ( m9d :i*1 jo9$ to 8 natural tal5t1 peculi>ly adapt$ him to developem5t ( feel+ & motive1 :i* is ! ess5ce ( ! tragic art2 & x 0 t[>ds ?is species composition t1 f ! fir/1 he felt himself irresi/ibly impell$4 ,he _h n[ fully ent]$ on 8 dramatic ent]prise4 ,sev]al mon?s be=e1 he _h writt5 8 trag$ies ( ,philip & ,pol9ices1 9 ,fr5* prose1 :i* ) unwe>i$ indu/ry1 he put into ,italian v]se ?ree or f\r sev]al times2 endeav\r+ to =m a rhy?m adapt$ to dialogue1 & to conc5trate & simplify 8 /yle z mu* z possible4 ,:ile /udy+ ,italian1 he _h also appli$ himself to re-le>n+ ,lat92 & ! trag$ies ( ,s5eca sugge/$ o!r subjects4 ,antigone1 ,agamemnon1 ,ore/es1 & ,don ,g>zia1 7 all conceiv$1 & 9 "p writt51 :ile he 0 indefatigable 9 ! lab\r1 x _c s well be said ( poli%+ 8 language1 z ( modell+ & remodell+ x1 z 8 great] use ( ,tuscan1 & 8 critical ta/e sugge/$4 ,he _h n[ an aim 9 life1 f ! pursuit ( :i* he nev] deviat$1 b foll[$ x up ) incr$ible en?usiasm & p]sev]ance4 ,8 lab\rs 7 great 9 lit]ature1 yet conf9$ *iefly to ! =mation ( /yle2 & he translat$ ,sallu/1 & o!r ,lat9 au?ors1 = ! sake ( improv+ 9 =ce & concis5ess4 ,sid5ote3 #aggg4 tat4 #bh4 ,he did n cont9ue 9 "o place3 aft] a few mon?s sp5t at ,flor5ce1 he return$ to ,tur91 recall$ by ! love ( 8 fri5ds & 8 /ud3 b dur+ ! foll[+ spr+ he obta9$ ! necess>y p]mission ( ! k+ to quit ,pi$mont & return to ,tuscany1 = ! purpose ( imbib+ at ! pure/ s\rce t en]getic & concise language1 :i* he consid]$ yield$ 9 elegance & =ce ( expression to no o!r 9 ! _w4 ,z ! city :]e ! pure/ ,tuscan is spok54 ,alfi]i visit$ ,si5a1 & sp5t ! summ] !re4 ,he !re =m$ an intimacy :i* s]v$ to enc\rage him 9 8 labori\s pursuits2 = he tells u he 0 nev] capable ( ardu\s & su/a9$ und]tak+s1 except :5 ! feel+s ( 8 he>t 7 ex]cis$ by an int]c\rse ( fri5d%ip or love4 ,francesco ,gori 0 ( ignoble bir?1 & 8 o/5sible pursuits 7 ^? ( traffic1 :i* he pursu$ m = ! sake ( pleas+ 8 family ?an = ga94 ,9 ! obscurity ( 8 w>eh\se he occupi$ himself ) classical lit]ature1 & nurtur$ an admirable & delicate ta/e = ! f9e arts4 ,extreme philan?ropy =m$ ! ess5ce ( 8 "*1 & a w>m-he>t$ sympa?y1 t l$ him to =give & love all mank9d4 ,! idle & opul5t nobles ( ! city c\ld n1 by _! wor?lessness1 excite 8 hatr$ or contempt4 ,) ,tacitus 9 8 h&1 & ! pure love ( lib]ty 9 8 he>t1 h[ c\ld he hate ! victims ( tyranny8 he might exclaim1 ) a poet ( mod]n days1 ^: political pr9ciples 7 equally d]iv$ f ! s5sibility ( 8 he>t1-- ,i hate ?y want ( love & tru?3 ,h[ %\ld ,i !n hate !e8 ,self-k d]ac9at$ pride 9 himself1 & contempt = o!rs2 & ?us1 humbly occupi$ 9 8 %op1 he c\ld ext5d =be>ance to all1 except ! primal causes ( ! degradation ( 8 c\ntrym52 :ile 8 only happ9ess 0 d]iv$ f books1 & 8 *ief grief f comp>+ himself & 8 times ) ! m5 & times ( :i* he read4 ,!re is a simplicity 9 ,italian mann]s t r5d]s ! fri5d%ip betwe5 c\nt ,alfi]i & ,gori1 ! m]c]1 by no means extraord9>y4 ,to ! sympa?y produc$ by an agreem5t 9 op9ions 0 add$ ! respect :i* ,alfi]i felt = ! virtu\s qualities ( 8 unpret5d+ fri5d4 ,_! talk 0 ( ! anci5t glory ( _! c\ntry1 & ( ! lit]>y ambition ( ,alfi]i4 ,9 ! c\rse ( conv]sation1 ,gori sugge/$ ! conspiracy ( ! ,pazzi z a good subject = a trag$y4 ,alfi]i 0 ignorant ( ! hi/ory ( ! republic ( ,flor5ce1 & _h nev] he>d ( ! ,pazzi4 ,gori plac$ ! ,flor5t9e annals ( ,ma*iavelli 9 8 h&s4 ,ma*iavelli 7:atev] 8 motives 7 = writ+ ,! ,pr9ce7 0 an en?usia/ic republican4 ,he tells u 9 8 lett]s1 t :ile writ+ ! hi/ory1 he delight$ himself by expos+ ! conduct ( ! pr9ces :o _h ru9$ ,italy3 8 _s ( fre$om f\nd an e*o 9 ,alfi]i's he>t1 & s %>p5$ 8 hatr$ ( despotism1 & 8 love ( lib]ty1 t1 ?r[+ aside 8 trag$ies1 he wrote a treatise on tyranny1--a "w ( eloqu5ce1 b r a juv5ile ebullition ( feel+1 ?an an argum5tative essay4 ,on ! advance ( w9t]1 ,alfi]i transf]r$ himself to ,flor5ce2 & "h an ev5t happ5$ t alt]$ ! col\r ( 8 future life1 ?r\gh ! influ5ce ( a con/ant atta*m5t1 :i*1 accompani$ by e/eem = ! good qualities & tal5ts ( its object1 rema9$ fix$ 9 8 he>t to ! end ( 8 life4 ,l\isa de ,/olb]g1 c\ntess ( ,albany1 0 at t "t tw5ty-five ye>s ( age1 beautiful & full ( tal5t4 ,h] rank & weal? gave h] a di/+ui%$ place 9 society4 ,%e 0 ! wife ( ! la/ ( ! ,/u>ts :o made pret5sions to ! ?rone ( ,engl&1 :o un=tunately disgrac$ 8 illu/ri\s h\se1 & ev5 ! private /ation to :i* he 0 r$uc$1 by habits ! mo/ deplorable4 ,alfi]i n[ reg>d$ 8 future prospects z fix$3 he _h long det]m9$ nev] to m>ry1 consid]+ t1 "u ! despotic gov]nm5t to :i* he 0 a subject1 ! ties ( husb& & fa!r w\ld add weight to ! *a9s impos$ ^u him3 atta*$ = life to a woman :om he e/eem$ wor?y ( him1 & beyond all ?+s ambiti\s ( di/+ui%+ himself z an au?or & a def5d] ( ! cause ( lib]ty1 he began to put into execution ! s*emes :i* _h long pres5t$ !mselves to 8 imag9ation1 = acquir+ entire p]sonal fre$om4 ,! nobles ( ,pi$mont 7 9 a peculi>ly enslav$ /ate3 !y c\ld n quit ! t]ritories ( _! sov]eign except by especial leave1 grant$ = a limit$ "t2 nor c\ld !y publi% any writ+s 9 a =eign c\ntry1 )\t ! lic5ce ( _! native pr9ce1 "u p5alty ( a f9e1 & ev5 imprisonm5t1 if 7s ! law 0 express$7 x 0 necess>y to make a public example4 ,^! %ackles 7 intol]able to a man ( indep5d5t m9d1 b5t ^u giv+ te/imony ( 8 abhorr5ce ( despotic rule3 b few m5 w\ld h fre$ !mselves at ! co/ t ,alfi]i paid4 ,he came to a resolve to make a donation ( ! :ole ( 8 prop]ty to 8 si/] ,julia1 res]v+ to himself only ! annual income ( #adjj sequ9s1 or ab\t #fjjl4 a ye>1 ! half ( 8 actual receipt4 ,to execute ?is design1 ! k+'s p]mission 0 necess>y1 :o readily gave x1 be+1 says ,alfi]i1 z will+ to get rid ( me z ,i 0 to emancipate myself f 8 au?ority4 ,! transf]1 h[ev]1 0 n complet$ )\t a good deal ( annoyance2 & ,alfi]i 0 irritat$1 at "o "t1 into mak+ a decl>ation1 t1 if 8 bro!r-9-law w\ld n receive ! donation1 he mu/ ! c\nt's ab&onm5t ( 8 :ole prop]ty2 & t he w\ld resign 8 claim to e possession r ?an be fett]$ by ! laws att5dant ^u keep+ x4 ,9 ! exaltation ( 8 imag9ation1 he almo/ imag9$ t ?is latt] (f] w\ld be act$ on2 &1 f9d+ himself r$uc$ to m]ely a few ?\s& sequ9s ( ready money1 he fell into 8 second fit ( av>ice1 sell+ 8 horses1 & all 8 sup]flu\s plate1 furniture1 & ev5 dress1 r5\nc+ ! ,s>d9ian uni=m1 to :i* he _h adh]$1 f boyi% vanity1 ev5 aft] quitt+ ! s]vice4 ,he sp5t a good deal ( money 9 books2 b ?is 0 8 sole exp5se2 :ile 8 ab/emi\sness ( liv+1 direct$ by economy1 became ( ! mo/ rigid k9d4 ,?us1 ev5 9 extremes1 resolv$ nev] to m>ry1 resolv$ to be an au?or1 he complet$ sacrifices1 :i* a ?\s& circum/ances might aft]w>ds h caus$ him to regret1 b :i*1 he assures u1 he nev] = a mom5t rep5t$4 ,he did n confide ! secret ( ?is *ange 9 8 affairs to ! c\ntess until x 0 pa/ recal2 =1 z _! ultimate effect 0 to r5d] _! union m /able & p]man5t1 he felt t %e might consid] x "r1 z a m>k ( h] dis9t]e/$ness1 to oppose !m4 ,:5 all 0 ov]1 h] blame 0 ( no avail1 & %e =gave ! my/]y he _h practis$4 ,^! v>i\s annoyances1 jo9$ to ! p]turbations ( love1 & ! ard\r ( 8 lit]>y application1 occasion$ an illness f :i* he only recov]$ :5 ! season ( summ] br\ght t heal?9ess ( feel+1 t lightness ( _s1 & t en]gy = composition1 :i* summ] & its heats always imp>t$ to 8 con/itution4 ,dur+ ?is summ]1 ,alfi]i1 z he tells u1 9 a frantic delirium ( a love ( fre$om1 wrote 8 trag$y ( ! ,pazzi1 & t ( ,m>y ,/u>t 7,m>y ,que5 ( ,scots72 ! latt] at ! reque/ ( ! c\ntess ( ,albany4 ,dur+ ! foll[+ ye> he complet$ ^! & made ! fir/ sket* ( ,rosmunda1 ,ottavia1 & ,timoleon4 ,s9ce 8 trag$ies h become s num]\s1 & _m ( 8 be/ are writt51 x w be z well to glance ov] !m1 & to give "s acc\nt ( 8 progress & success 9 an art to :i* he devot$ 8 life & =tune4 ,en]gy & concis5ess are ! di/+ui%+ m>ks ( ,alfi]i's dramas4 ,wi%+ to br+ ! :ole action ( ! piece into "o focus1 he reject$ altoge!r ! confidantes ( ! ,fr5* !atre1 s t 8 dramatis p]son are limit$ to ! pr9cipals !mselves4 ,! pres]vation ( ! unities ( "t & place also contribut$ to curtail all excresc5ces2 s t 8 trag$ies are %ort1 & all he> ^u "o po9t only1 :i* he consid]$ ! ess5ce ( unity ( action4 ,?us1 9 ! ,m]ope1 !re are b f\r int]locutors1 ! que5 & h] son1 8 fo/]-fa!r1 & ! tyrant4 ,in/ead1 !re=e1 z is ! case 9 ! ,fr5* dramas1 ( ! action be+ c>ri$ on by a p]petual talk ab\t x1 at once t$i\s & unnatural1 ! int]e/ is always at its height betwe5 ! p>ties !mselves2 & x is s+ul>1 9 ! ,m]ope 9 p>ticul>1 ) :at tal5t & success he keeps ! action 9 p]petual progress1 & ! passions develop$ by su* sl5d] means4 ,x 0 ! turn ( ,alfi]i's "* to consid] x a duty 9 an au?or r to conqu] difficulties ?an to acquire facilities4 ,he w\ld read no o!r trag$ians1 = fe> ( imitat+ !m1 & ab/a9$ f a p]usal ( ! great ma/] ( ! art1 ,%akspe>e1 f ! same mi/ak5 notion4 ,g5ius ne$ n fe> to be imitative2 b g5ius1 unaid$ by cultivation1 & by a /udy ( :at has gone be=e1 c nev] surpass :at is already writt53 x 7 z if a sci5tific man 7 to refuse to be initiat$ 9 ! discov]ies ( sci5ce1 t he might pursue 8 lab\rs 9 a new & orig9al pa?4 ,?us he might1 we w say1 re-inv5t gunp[d] & pr9t+1 b nev] a new law & a new p[]4 ,to use a m homely illu/ration1 x 7 z if an agriculturi/ refus$ to manure ! gr\nd1 & 0 b5t on =c+ ! native soil1 to produce by lab\r :at w\ld arise ) great] f]tility & ease if aid$ by extrane\s nutrim5t4 ,x is a law ( me*anics1 nev] to wa/e p[]1 b to proportionate on all occasions ! means to ! end4 ,if1 in/ead ( refus+ to read ! f9e/ dramatic works1 ,alfi]i _h /udi$ 9 !m ! g5ius & ess5ce ( ! art2 he might2 in/ead ( simply re/rict+ 8 inv5tion to ! bald & inconclusive exp$i5t ( contract+ ! p]sonages ( 8 drama1 h inv5t$ "s orig9al me?od ( comb9+ ! simplicity ( design consequ5t on an obs]vance ( ! unities1 ) a m natural & in=c$ arrangem5t ( plot1 & ) a great] v>iety & tru? ( "*4 ,! great di/9ction betwe5 ,%akspe>e & almo/ e o!r dramatic writ] arises f 8 developem5t & v>iety ( "*3 all 8 p]sonages are individuals4 ,9 o!r au?ors1 we h a lov]1 an ambiti\s man1 a tyrant1 or a victim ( tyranny2 b 9 ,%akspe>e x is n ! passion t makes ! man1 b ! peculi> "* ( ! p]son t gives reality & life to ! passion4 ,?us ,ri*>d ,,iii4 & ,macbe? are bo? ambiti\s2 b h[ diff]5tly d _! respective dispositions modulate _! conduct & feel+s6 ,! cruel1 remorseless ,ri*>d c nev]1 9 a s+le l9e he utt]s1 be mi/ak5 = ! weak1 vacillat+ usurp]1 ^: cruelties result f ! necessities ( 8 situation1 & n f inborn f]ocity ( "*4 ,juliet1 ,imog51 & ,rosal9d1 are alike girls 9 love2 b h[ v>i\sly d !y display _! s5tim5ts6 ! ard5t ,italian1 ! fond1 devot$ wife1 & ! sprightly1 spirit$ daught] ( an exil$ pr9ce1 are all individuals *>act]is$ by di/9ctive m>ks2 s t a pa9t] w\ld give to ea* a physiognomy utt]ly dissimil> ! "o f ! o!r4 ,if ,alfi]i _h read ,%akspe>e1 he might h discov]$ & appreciat$ ?is incomp>able m>k ( 8 excell5ce2 & 8 k ( ! human he>t w\ld h l$ him to imitate a model :i*1 if succe$$ 91 c\ld n1 f its v nature1 be> any resemblance to m]e plagi>ism4 ,he himself felt t "o tyrant %\ld n q resemble ano!r1 nor "o lov] be b ! mirror ( ano!r3 b s x is ) him1 ) few exceptions--situation1 n "*1 =ms ! int]e/ ( 8 pieces4 ,besides ?is1 ,alfi]i 0 n an imag9ative poet3 8 sonnets & long] poems are failures2 8 trag$ies are vacant ( ideal imag]y2 8 s5sible objects are nev] animat$ by a s\l infus$ into !m by ! speak]2 8 dagg]s & poisons1 & all ! o!r tragic p>aph]nalia1 are ! m]e ?+s !mselves--! poet's eye nev] gives to airy no?+ a local habitation & a "n4 ,8 inv5tive p[]s consi/$ 9 be+ able to conceive situations ( passion & int]e/1 & giv+ to 8 p]sonages feel+s & language at once natural1 p[]ful1 & pa!tic4 ,8 mode ( writ+ 8 trag$ies %[s1 inde$1 h[ spontane\s 0 8 conception ( ! action ( a piece1 h[ me*anical ! ef=t by :i* he clo!d x 9 v]se4 ,he 0 accu/om$ to ?r[ (f ! design ( ! int5d$ action 9 a sket* ( a few pages1 & !n to lay x by3 aft] an int]val1 he read ?is sket*1 &1 if x pleas$ him1 he arrang$ ! plot into acts1 & sc5es1 & spee*es1 putt+ d[n e idea t pres5t$ itself1 & ! :ole 9 prose2 & aga9 he put aside 8 lab\r = future consid]ation4 ,if1 on read+ x ov]1 he felt 8 imag9ation w>m$ & excit$1 & ! ideas r5ew !mselves 9 8 m9d vividly & =cibly1 !n he complet$ 8 "w by v]sify+ x4 ,?is is n ! r\t9e :i* a g5u9e poet foll[s3 some?+ ( ! improvisatore's art is inh]5t 9 him1 & he writes 9 numb]s1 = ! numb]s come4 ,philip 0 ! fir/ ( ,alfi]i's trag$ies3 x 0 orig9ally writt5 9 ,fr5* prose2 & he 0 s well pleas$ ) its conduct1 t he 0 nev] we>y ( compos+ & recompos+ x 9 ,italian v]se1 till he 0 satisfi$ t ! language 0 equal 9 vig\r to ! ideas x express$4 ,! subject ( ,philip is ! dea? ( don ,c>los1 pr9ce ( ,spa92 & ! contra/ ( "* 9 ! ?ree pr9cipal p]sons is f9ely conceiv$ & well execut$4 ,!re is ! obdurate1 deceitful1 cruel tyrant4 ,8 son1 educat$ ne> him1 9 p]petual fe> & suspicion1 is nev] 8 dupe3 he sees ?r\gh all 8 subt]fuges1 & p]ceives ! sn>es laid = him 9 8 pret5d$ m]cies2 & love1 :ile x causes him to expose himself to 8 fa!r's v5geance1 only r5d]s him d\bly wat*ful & cauti\s4 ,isabella1 on ! contr>y1 a daught] ( ,france1 at ! same "t t1 f fem99e delicacy1 %e is m re/ra9$ 9 h] feel+s1 yet is unsuspici\s1 ungu>d$1 & ready to give cr$it to ! pr(essions ( ^? ar\nd4 ,h] he>t op5s itself readily to hope2 :ile t ( h] lov] is impassive to e delusion1 & he reg>ds ) t]ror & grief ! p]il to :i*1 9 h] g5]\s tru/+ness ( nature1 %e he$lessly exposes h]self4 ,z ! g5ius ( ,alfi]i l$ him to depict ! passions 9 _! simple/ ?\gh mo/ en]getic =m1 unaccompani$ by ! influ5ce ( mann]s1 ! metaphysical subtleties ( ,%akspe>e1 or ! wild1 b deeply int]e/+ intricacy ( plot ( ,cald]on & our old dramati/s1 s classical subjects 7 treat$ by him ) peculi> felicity4 ,agamemnon & ,ore/es are among 8 be/ dramas3 ! dignity & t5d]ness ( ,electra1 ! remorse & /ruggles ( ,clytemne/ra1 & ! haughty1 ra% disposition ( ,ore/es1 h m ( tru?1 ( nature1 & grace ?an is to be f\nd among any mod]n trag$ies on simil> subjects3 b ?is v simplicity becomes1 to a c]ta9 degree1 baldness 9 mod]n subjects2 & ?\gh ! conspiracy ( ! ,pazzi 0 writt51 he says1 ) a deliri\s en?usiasm = lib]ty1 !re is a want ( developem5t & relief t r5d]s x m l ! sket* ( a trag$y1 ?an "o fill$ out 9 all its p>ts4 ,virg9ia1 equally pregnant ) ! _s ( lib]ty1 has m grace & m pa?os4 ,:ile ! m9d ( ,alfi]i 0 ?us fully occupi$ by ! composition ( 8 dramas1 he 0 happy 9 ! enjoym5t ( ! fri5d%ip & love ( ! p]sons de>e/ to him 9 ! _w4 ,he 0 ! amico di casa ( ! c\ntess ( ,albany2 t is1 he sp5t 8 ev5+s 9 h] society1 & att5d$ h] 9 morn+s dur+ h] visits & excursions3 he kept up a con/ant correspond5ce ) ,gori1 at ,si5a2 & ! abbate ,caluso1 ! fri5d :o _h fir/ awak5$ 8 desire = lit]>y composition1 _m ye>s be=e1 at ,lisbon1 & to :om he 0 w>mly atta*$1 came f ,tur91 & sp5t a :ole ye> at ,flor5ce1 t he might enjoy 8 society4 ,b ! tranquil c\rse ( happ9ess is seldom all[$ to human be+s1 especially :5 !y feel & ackn[l$ge _! p]fect well-be+1 & repose cont5t on ! accompli%m5t ( _! desires4 ,! conduct ( ! un=tunate pr9ce1 :o 0 ! c\ntess ( ,albany's husb&1 poison$ e enjoym5t1 &1 at la/1 =c$ 8 wife to sep>ate h]self f him4 ,giv5 up to ! mo/ degrad+ vice1--9 8 drunk5 fits 8 f]ocity & madness endang]$ h] life1 & %e liv$ night & day1 haunt$ by ! t]ror inspir$ by 8 outrages4 ,alfi]i ex]t$ himself to obta9 p]mission f ! gov]nm5t = _! sep>ation2 &1 t be+ obta9$1 %e retir$ to a conv5t 9 ,flor5ce1 & aft]w>ds1 "u ! sanction ( ! pope1 %e remov$ to ano!r conv5t at ,rome4 ,alfi]i f\nd t ?us he _h succe$$ 9 sav+ ! life ( 8 fri5d2 b ! sep>ation necess>y to prev5t any injuri\s op9ions be+ =m$ z to ! motives ( 8 int]f]5ce1 0 a cruel rew>d = 8 ex]tions4 ,flor5ce grew hateful to him 9 h] abs5ce2 he became incapable ( e occupation1 & 8 :ole ?\ghts 7 b5t on contriv+ _! re-union3 x 0 matt] ( difficulty1 b n insup]able to 8 e>ne/ endeav\rs4 ,aft] "s mon?s1 ! pope all[$ h] to quit h] conv5t1 & to take up h] abode 9 ! palace ( c>d9al ,york2 & ,alfi]i1 hav+ already quitt$ ,flor5ce & sp5t "s "t at ,naples1 v5tur$ at la/ to fix himself at ,rome also1 hav+1 z he tells u1 paid c\rt1 made visits1 & employ$ a ?\s& s]vile & humiliat+ arts1 f :i* 8 nature revolt$1 to obta9 ! suff]ance ( ! pope = 8 resid5ce 9 ! same city z ! c\ntess4 ,no hon\rs1 no glory1 no worldly advantage1 c\ld h induc$ him to submit to :at he consid]$ ! excess ( meanness & degradation2 love alone exalt$ ! debasem5t 9 8 eyes4 ,n[ aga9 he 0 happy3 he liv$ at ! villa ,/rozzi1 ne> ! ba?s ( ,dioclesian4 ,he sp5t ! long morn+s 9 /udy1 nev] leav+ 8 h\se except to ride ov] ! solit>y & uncultivat$ c\ntry ar\nd ,rome1 ^: imm5se & lonely expanse invit$ him to rev]ie & poetic composition4 ,he sp5t ! ev5+s ) ! c\ntess1 retir+ at elev5 to 8 tranquil home1 :i*1 divid$ f all o!rs1 rural ?\gh 9 ! city1 & surr\nd$ by objects ( antique gr&eur & natural beauty1 0 an abode su* z ,rome only 9 ! _w c af=d1 & peculi>ly adapt$ to ! noble poet's temp]1 "*1 & occupations4 ,8 imag9ation receiv$ its happie/ inspirations dur+ ?is p]iod4 ,besides cont9ual lab\r on 8 =m] compositions1 he wrote ! trag$ies ( ,m]ope & ,saul1 bo? conceiv$ & execut$ ) a f]v\r ( inspiration t all[$ him no pause betwe5 ! v>i\s op]ations into :i* he divid$ ! composition ( a trag$y4 ,! ,m]ope 0 writt5 9 a sort ( indignant bur/1 to prove t ! trag$y ( ,maffei on ! subject1 c\ld be easily surpass$4 ,! ,saul emanat$ f read+ ! ,bible1 9 ! /udy ( :i* he at t "t occupi$ himself1 & :i* awoke 9 him a desire to write sev]al dramas on scriptural subjects2 _h x n be5 t1 fond ( =m+ resolutions & ( adopt+ volunt>y *a9s1 s9ce he ca/ away & abhorr$ all o!rs1 he _h det]m9$ to limit 8 trag$ies to twelve4 ,! ,saul & ,m]ope caus$ him to exce$ ?is numb] by two2 b he w\ld n be allur$ to g beyond4 ,! ,saul is1 !re c be little "q1 ! *ef-d'oeuvre ( ,alfi]i3 "* =ms ! basis ( ! int]e/1 & ! situations are deeply pa!tic4 ,saul1 9 "s degree1 rem9ds ! read] ( k+ ,le>4 ,! ,hebrew k+ is n1 l ,%akspe>e's de?ron$ mon>*1 ?ru/ f 8 /ate1 & turn$ out by 8 *ildr51 a victim to ! pitiless elem5ts1 &1 m bitt] /ill1 ! s5se ( undes]v$ injury f ^? ^: duty x 0 to fo/] & %elt] him4 ,! *ildr5 ( ,saul1 & 8 son-9-law ,david1 surr\nd him ) prote/ations ( duty & a he>tfelt wi% to soo! him by _! affection & c>e2 b he is /ruck by ,god2 prosp]ity has dep>t$ f 8 h\se1 victory f 8 bann]2 & 8 vacillat+ reason disc]ns rebellion & de?ronem5t 9 ! v submissions ( ^? ar\nd him4 ,he /ruggles ) ! s5se ( ill =tune1 & ! sad consci\sness ( ! occasional ab]rations ( 8 intellect2 n[ lam5t+ ! days ( 8 prosp]\s y\?1 n[ melt$ to t5d]ness by ! c>esses ( 8 *ildr52 & aga91 seiz$ ^u by suspicion1 envy1 & pride1 he wildly & madly ca/s f him e support & hope1 to f9d himself1 9 ! end1 alone1 defeat$1 lo/2 till 9 a transport ( %ame & despair1 he ends a life s t>ni%$ & abhorr5t4 ,saul is ! be/ ( ,alfi]i's trag$ies2 &1 if we 7 call$ ^u to po9t out 8 be/ sc5e1 we %\ld select ! second act ( t play4 ,sid5ote3#aghb4 tat4 #cc4 ,alfi]i felt pr\d & happy :5 he _h complet$ 8 f\rte5 trag$ies4 ,t mon? ( ,octob]1 he writes1 0 memorable to me1 s9ce ,i enjoy$ a repose no less delici\s ?an necess>y1 aft] s mu* lab\r3 full to ! brim ( va+lory1 ,i brea!d no ^w ( my a*ievem5ts to any b myself1 &1 ) a sort ( veil$ mod]ation1 to h] ,i lov$2 :o1 ?r\gh h] affection = me1 probably1 seem$ well incl9$ to believe t ,i 0 capable ( be+ a great man1 & always enc\rag$ me to d all ,i c\ld to become "o4 ,8 works1 also1 7 becom+ kn[n4 ,a few ( ! nobility ( ,rome =m$ !mselves into a company1 & act$ 8 ,antigone1 9 :i* he took ! "p ( ,creon3 ! repres5tation 0 cr[n$ ) success4 ,he 01 besides1 9 ! habit ( read+ 8 trag$ies 9 society1 p>tly = ! sake ( ! mute criticism display$ by ! att5tion & int]e/ !y excit$ 9 8 audi5ce2 &1 "u ! sup]9t5d5ce ( 8 fri5d ,gori1 f\r among 8 dramas 7 pr9t$ at ,si5a4 ,b ?is v celebrity 0 ! cause ( ! disa/] t hung ov] 8 head1 &1 by draw+ att5tion to him1 eng5d]$ enmity & di/urbance4 ,8 famili> int]c\rse ) ! c\ntess1 & ! daily habit ( 8 life1 9 =m+ a "p ( ! society %e ga!r$ ar\nd h]1 began to excite c5sure3 ?is r\s$ at once 8 fe>s & indignation4 ,8 mode ( life 0 9 /rict accordance ) ! notions ( propriety1 z !y rule mann]s 9 ,italy4 ,injuri\s & to be deprecat$ z ! sy/em ( society is1 no individual ?9ks1 :5 he foll[s ! example ( ! :ole ( 8 c\ntrym51 t he %\ld be select$ z an object = blame4 ,h[ev]1 9 a moral & religi\s view1 ! s-nam$ fri5d%ip ( ! c\ntess & ,alfi]i 0 blameable1 yet !y scrupul\sly att5d$ to ! rules ( decorum1 :i* =m ! :ole ( an ,italian's consci5ce1 g5]ally speak+1 & believ$ t !y _h e "r to be happy 9 ea* o!r4 ,z we h said 9 ano!r place1 we are n incl9$ to be/[ vehem5t blame on individual conduct1 result+ f a sy/em ( mann]s :i* has endur$ = ages1 :ile t sy/em itself m]its ! utmo/ abhorr5ce1 &1 we are happy to be able to say1 is 9 progress ( be+ extirpat$ 9 ,italy3 until x is1 !re c be no hope ( moral reg5]ation1 or = ! happ9ess & improvem5t ( its inhabitants4 ,h[ev]1 x mu/ be rememb]$ t ?\gh1 especially 9 ^? days1 no "o w\ld h be5 s unreasonable or b>b>\s z to prev5t a lady f hav+ a cavali]e s]v5te1 yet ! peculi> cavali]e %e selects is usually =bidd52 & z mu* mis]y is (t5 produc$ by an int]f]5ce 9 ! lady's *oice z by a total prohibition to be all[$ a fri5d at all4 ,9 ! pres5t in/ance1 ! husb& ( ! c\ntess compla9$ to 8 bro!r1 ! prie/s ( ! holy city 7 r\s$ to a p]ception ( ! sc&al1 & ! pope induc$ to consid] x "r to int]f]e4 ,alfi]i f\nd only "o mode ( mitigat+ ! viol5ce ( ! m5ac$ /orm1 :i* 0 to meet x3 he volunt>ily quitt$ ,rome1 &1 to prev5t any actual measures ( prohibition & bani%m5t1 w5t into volunt>y exile4 ,affections & habits :i* _h subsi/$ s long c\ld n be ?us rudely torn up )\t int5se suff]+4 ,aft] sev]al ye>s ( happ9ess1 ,alfi]i f\nd himself ca/ f ! %elt] he _h select$1 :]e9 to place 8 w>m & s5sitive he>t1 ^u solitude1 unc]ta9ty1 & bitt] regret4 ,poetry & composition became di/a/eful to him2 he c\ld n ev5 enjoy 8 fri5d ,gori's society1 :om he visit$ imm$iately ^u quitt+ ,rome3 he 0 a%am$ to annoy him by 8 melan*oly1 & 8 re/lessness & desire = travel return$4 ,he visit$ ,v5ice1 & w&]$ = "s "t 9 ,lomb>dy1 & !n aga9 return$ to ,si5a1 to att5d to ! pr9t+ ( six o!r trag$ies1 al?\gh he _h become indiff]5t ev5 to ! lately engross+ desire ( fame2 & !n he sudd5ly resolv$ to visit ,engl&1 = ! sole purpose ( buy+ horses4 ,sid5ote3 #aghc4 tat4 #cd4 ,he _h long put himself on %ort all[ance ) reg>d to ^! fav\rite animals2 b1 hav+ sav$ a l>ge sum ( ready money1 dur+ sev]al ye>s1 at fir/ ( p>simony1 & !n ( economy1 he det]m9$ to sp5d x on ! pur*ase & ma9t5ance ( a numb] ( ,engli% horses ( ! be/ bre$4 ,a j\rney ?us und]tak51 ) b "o object1 0 execut$ ) a mixture ( impetuosity & p]sev]+ pati5ce *>act]i/ic ( ,alfi]i4 ,he w5t to ,engl&2 he b\ght 8 horses1 f\rte5 9 numb]1 to equal t ( 8 trag$ies2 he transport$ !m safely across ! /raits ( ,dov]1 conduct$ !m ) unwe>i$ c>e ?r\gh ,france1 & l$ !m across ,mont ,c5is ) a success--!y be+ injur$ nei!r 9 w9d or limb--on :i* he = ! mom5t prid$ himself sc>cely less ?an on 8 dramatic lab\rs4 ,on 8 return to ,italy1 he rema9$ a few weeks at ,tur92 & ! k+ %[$ a disposition to employ him "u gov]nm5t4 ,8 m9i/] s\nd$ ! c\nt3 b he refus$ to ent]ta9 any proposition on ! subject2 =1 al?\gh he ackn[l$ges t ! sov]eigns ( ! h\se ( ,savoy 7 n tyrannically incl9$1 b %[$ e incl9ation to b5efit _! subjects1 8 uncompromis+1 & ev5 fi]ce1 _s ( indep5d5ce spurn$ e %ackle1 & he felt to brea! m freely :5 he _h quitt$ ! t]ritories ( ,pi$mont4 ,! c\ntess ( ,albany 0 n[ on h] way to ,bad5 = ! summ]4 ,%e pass$ nor?w>ds along ! %ores ( ! ,adriatic1 :ile ,alfi]i proce$$ s\?1 by ,mod5a & ,pi/oia1 to ,si5a4 ,he _h resi/$ ! temptation ( cross+ ! n>r[ portion ( ,italy betwe5 !m1 & obta9+ a brief int]view2 b :5 %e _h arriv$ at ,bad51 & he at ,si5a1 ?is =titude gave way1 & he sudd5ly left 8 horses1 & 8 fri5d ,gori1 & po/$ ) all ha/e to ,alsatia1 !re = ?ree mon?s to enjoy h] society4 ,dur+ ! two ye>s ( abs5ce :i* he _h endur$4 ,alfi]i _h =gott5 poetry1 /udy1 glory1 & 8 trag$ies4 ,b ! c\ntess's pres5ce awoke e dormant en]gy1 & sc>cely _h he arriv$1 be=e he conceiv$ & wrote ,agis1 ,s(onisba & ,mirra4 ,! la/ des]ves to be p>ticul>ly m5tion$ z "o ( ! be/ ( 8 dramas1 p>ticul>ly z he ov]comes difficulties ( ! mo/ appall+ description4 ,i _h nev] ?\ght1 he says1 ei!r ( ,myrrha or ,biblis z subjects = ! drama4 ,b1 9 read+ ,ovid's ,metamorphoses1 ,i hit ^u ! affect+ & div9ely eloqu5t spee* ( ,myrrha to h] nurse1 :i* caus$ me to bur/ into te>s1 &1 l a fla% ( lightn+1 awoke 9 me ! idea ( a trag$y4 ,x appe>$ to me t a mo/ orig9al & pa!tic piece might be writt51 if ! au?or c\ld contrive t ! spectator %\ld discov] by degrees ! horrible /ruggles ( ! burn+ b pure he>t ( ! m mis]able ?an guilty ,myrrha1 )\t h] betray+ ! half1 nor sc>cely own+ to h]self s crim9al a passion4 ,my idea 01 t %e %\ld d 9 my trag$y :at ,ovid describes h] z relat+1 b d x 9 sil5ce4 ,!re is some?+ t\*+ly beautiful 9 ! fir/ description ( ,myrrha1 9 a sc5e betwe5 h] "m & h] nurse4 ,%e is describ$ z s g5tle1 docile1 s(t1 & pliable ( nature--s fe>ful ( do+ wrong--s sweetly e>ne/ to please h] p>5ts--& n[ to be lab\r+ "u a melan*oly s d>k & gloomy1 z to deface h] beauty1 & b[ h] 9 appe>ance to ! grave4 ,z ! action is develop$1 ! notion t %e is "u a sup]natural curse adds to ! awe & pity ( ! read]2 b1 at la/1 x mu/ be confess$1 h] viol5ce & fr5zy pass ! b\nds ( mode/ nature1 & ! passion %e nurtures fails 9 excit+ our sympa?y4 ,?is is ! fault ( ! subject2 inequality ( age add+ to ! unnatural ince/4 ,to %$ any int]e/ ov] su* an atta*m5t1 ! dramati/ ought to adorn ! fa!r ) su* y\?ful attributes z w\ld be by no means contr>y to probability3 b !n a worse evil w\ld ensue2 & ! m possible su* crim9al passion becomes1 ! m viol5tly does ! m9d revolt f dwell+ on x4 ,:ile at ,bad51 ,alfi]i receiv$ ! afflict+ intellig5ce ( ! unexpect$ dea? ( 8 fri5d ,gori4 ,?is mis=tune di/urb$ 8 enjoym5t ( ! la/ days ( 8 visit1 :i* ( !mselves 7 sad1 f ! approximation ( s pa9ful & bitt] a sep>ation4 ,) reluctance & grief he left ! c\ntess & return$ to ,si5a2 b 8 sorr[ 0 too acute to admit ( a prolong$ /ay 9 a t[n :]e he _h enjoy$ ! company ( a fri5d lo/ = ev]4 ,he remov$ to ,pisa2 :ile ! c\ntess took up h] abode at ,bologna4 ,! ,ap5n9es only divid$ !m1 b he d>$ n cross !m4 ,! gossip ( ! small ,italian t[ns is unconceivably eag] & p]t9aci\s2 & x 0 necess>y = h] future lib]ty to gu>d _! conduct f all rem>k4 ,e>ly 9 ! foll[+ spr+1 ! c\ntess dep>t$ = ,p>is1 resolv+ to fix h]self 9 ,france1 :]e %e _h fri5ds1 relations1 & res\rces4 ,9 ! mon? ( ,augu/ %e aga9 visit$ ,bad51 & ,alfi]i jo9$ h]4 ,aga9 8 m9d 0 vivifi$ & w>m$ by happ9ess1 & aga9 two trag$ies 7 ! result ( ! inspiration4 ,! subjects 7 ! ,brutus ( ! mon>*y ( ,rome & ! ,brutus :o di$ at ,philippi4 ,9 ! fir/ he displays great =ce & en]gy2 b ! second1 we mu/ be p]mitt$ to say1 is a complete failure4 ,to make a p]fect equality ( sacrifice betwe5 ! two h]oes1 z ,lucius ,junius ,brutus caus$ 8 sons to be decapitat$1 s he makes 8 desc5dant1 ,m>cus1 assass9ate 8 p>5t4 ,! idea t ,cs> 0 ! fa!r ( ,brutus is s totally devoid ( f\ndation1 & s little 9 consonance ) ! simple maje/y ( ! "* ( ! patriot1 t x det]iorates f ! int]e/ ( ! drama1 &1 in/ead ( exalt+ him1 ! discov]y1 ! resolution he decl>es nev]!less to p]si/ 9 ! assass9ation1 ! sympa?y & admiration he ga9s1 is all s feeble1 s pu]ile1 & s false1 t x is a/oni%+ t ,alfi]i did n detect 8 mi/ake4 ,to u1 :o possess ! mo/ admirable portrait ev] drawn ( magnanim\s & s+le-m9d$ virtue 9 ,%akspe>e's del9eation ( ! "* ( ,brutus1 ?is failure becomes m gl>+1 & gives fur!r pro( ( ! ,italian poet's error 9 n /udy+ ! pages ( ! greate/ writ] ! _w ev] produc$4 ,aft] "s mon?s sp5t at ,colm>1 ! c\ntess return$ to ,p>is2 :ile ,alfi]i rema9$ at ! =m] place1 writ+ lett]s & sonnets1 m\rn+ ov] 8 sep>ation1 & correct+ 8 trag$ies4 ,he pass$ two or ?ree ye>s at ?is place1 ! c\ntess jo9+ him dur+ ! summ]s4 ,9 t ( #aghg1 he _h a mo/ dang]\s illness4 ,8 fri5d1 ! abbate ,caluso1 came f ,tur9 to visit him2 & b = ?is illness1 he _h be5 p]fectly happy4 ,on ! approa* ( w9t] t ye>1 he accompani$ ! c\ntess back to ,p>is1 & e/abli%$ himself !re4 ,! dea? ( h] husb& re/or$ h] to lib]ty2 b a numb] ( circum/ances l$ !m to cont9ue = "s "t 9 ,france4 ,:e!r !y 7 m>ri$ n[1 is a secret t nev] has be5 reveal$2 b _! union 0 ackn[l$g$1 & x 0 und]/ood t _! con/ant1 inviolable atta*m5t _h receiv$ f "t a sanction :i* prev5t$ any blame f be+ ca/ on x by _! relations & fri5ds4 ,alfi]i m\rn$ ov] ! necessity t br\ght him back to 8 abjur$ ,gallicisms2 b he 0 some:at consol$1 dur+ a ?ree ye>s' resid5ce 9 ,p>is1 by sup]9t5d+ & br++ out an edition ( 8 trag$ies1 on :i* he be/[$ ! la/ lab\rs ( correction ) reg>d to /yle1 & br\ght ! language z ne> to 8 /&>d ( p]fection z he 0 capable ( atta9+4 ,! disagreeable &1 to 8 s5sitive temp]am5t1 irritat+ task ( correct+ ! press1 seems to h ex]cis$ an injuri\s influ5ce ov] 8 temp] & g5ius4 ,accord+ to 8 own acc\nt1 x dri$ up 8 bra91 qu5*$ ! fire ( y\?ful en?usiasm1 & prev5t$ 8 ev] aga9 writ+ ) equal vig\r & felicity4 ,aft] t]m9at+ ! correction ( 8 trag$ies1 he =tunately betook himself to writ+ ! memoirs ( 8 life1 :i* are ! gr\ndwork f :i* ! pres5t pages are tak54 ,x is writt5 unaffect$ly1 & ) great frankness & self-k2 ! /yle is un/udi$1 & ! egotism ( feel+ :i* produc$ x imp>ts extreme int]e/ to ! details4 ,aft] br++ d[n ! hi/ory ( 8 life till ! ye> #agij1 :5 he 0 =ty-"o ye>s ( age1 he /ill felt an utt] inability to any high flight 9 lit]ature1 & he occupi$ himself 9 translat+ ! neid & ! ,com$ies ( ,t]5ce4 ,he _h long en?usia/ically admir$ ! v]sification ( ,virgil1 & tri$ to model 8 own ^u x1 adapt+ x1 at ! same "t1 to dramatic dialogue4 ,?is circum/ance is curi\s1 s9ce no /yle c be s opposite2 ! melliflu\s1 dignifi$1 & graceful fl[ ( ! ,lat9 poet be+ a contra/ to ! r\gh & concise en]gy ( ! mod]n ,italian4 ,?is obs]vation reg>ds1 h[ev]1 only 8 trag$ies2 less praise mu/ be be/[$ on 8 o!r productions 9 v]se3 8 translation ( ! neid is feeble 9 ! extreme2 8 long] orig9al poems are devoid ( ev5 second>y m]it2 & 8 love sonnets are1 to say all 9 a ^w1 ! v antipodes ( 8 immortal ma/]1 ,petr>*4 ,alfi]i is a great trag$ian3 x is impossible to read 8 be/ dramas )\t be+ c>ri$ away by ! eloqu5ce & passion ( ! dialogue1 & deeply int]e/$ by ! situations ( /ruggle or p]il 9 :i* 8 p]sonages are plac$4 ,! rapidity ( ! action1 & ! e>ne/ness & life ) :i* e sc5e is in/9ct1 r5d]s x impossible to close ! volume till ! cata/rophe ends all4 ,alfi]i 0 also an excell5t prose writ]3 8 treatise on ,pr9ces & ,lit]ature is full ( p[]2 ! /yle is correct1 fl[+1 yet simple1 & )\t m]etrici\s ornam5t4 ,! pure _s ( indep5d5ce burns l a holy lamp ?r\gh\t1 & gives a *>m to e s5tim5t & expression4 ,b nev] 0 l9e s di/9ctly drawn betwe5 ! poetry ( circum/ance1 s to speak1 & ideal poetry3 ,9 all ! pages ( ,alfi]i !re is n "o imag9ative image2 & we feel ?is mo/ 9 8 lyrics1 s9ce ideality is ! s\l ( lyric poetry4 ,he seems nev] to h be5 consci\s ( ?is defect4 ,he w\ld readily h admitt$ t ,dante & ,petr>* 7 sup]ior to him 9 g5ius2 b he seems unaw>e t !y possess$ a quality ( :i* n "o glimm]+ ray is to be f\nd 9 ! :ole c\rse ( ! flood ( rhymes to ! composition ( :i* he alludes frequ5tly z be+ ! ov]fl[+s ( poetic inspiration4 ,x is possible t ,alfi]i might h be5 a great noveli/1 _h he ev] turn$ 8 att5tion to t species ( composition4 ,or _h he cont9u$ to inv5t1 in/ead ( dry+ 8 bra9 up ) ! irksome task ( correct+ :at he _h already writt51 he might h be/[$ on u trag$ies f9] ?an any we h ( 81 or1 at lea/1 sev]al equal to ! ,saul4 ,b1 ) all 8 philosophy & self-exam9ation1 he did n und]/& ! texture & capabilities ( 8 intellect4 ,to return to 8 life 9 ,p>is4 ,! disquietude aris+ f ! ,fr5* revolution add$ to ! irritable /ate ( ,alfi]i's m9d4 ,we all see ! visible univ]se ?r\gh a m$ium =m$ by our individual peculi>ities2 b x is curi\s to f9d ! advocate ( lib]ty lay mo/ /ress on 8 fe> le/ ! tumults ( ,p>is %\ld int]rupt ! completion ( ,didot's edition ( 8 works4 ,probably 8 int5se abhorr5ce ( ! ,fr5* prev5t$ 8 fo/]+ rational hopes = ! ultimate advantages to be ga9$ by ! ov]?r[ ( ! "t-worn & corrupt mon>*y ( ,france1 at ! same "t t x prev5t$ 8 ev] be+ bl9d$ by any illusion z to ! real "* ( ! ev5ts pass+ ar\nd him4 ,he prides himself on nev] hav+ se5 or conv]s$ ) any "o ( ! revolution>y lead]s1 & on hav+ always reg>d$ ! rise ( a lawless democracy z ! /epp+-/one to milit>y despotism4 ,f ! fir/1 he 0 eag] to get away f ^! sc5es ( blood%$ & horror1 & 9 ! spr+ ( #agia accompani$ ! c\ntess ( ,albany to ,engl&4 ,?is c\ntry did n please h]2 & he1 gr[n qu]ul\s & subject to ! g\t1 0 quickly disgu/$ by ! climate1 & annoy$ by ! peculi> habits ( life ( ! ,engli%4 ,a great portion ( 8 & ! c\ntess's =tune 0 9 ! ,fr5* funds2 & ! fall ( ! assignats made x advisable = !m to live 9 ! c\ntry :]e !y /ill bore a value4 ,?is circum/ance induc$ !m to return to ,p>is2 &1 resolv+ to fix !mselves !re1 !y took a h\se1 furni%$ x1 & ,alfi]i collect$ a volum9\s libr>y3 b ! :irlw9d t swept ov] unhappy ,france includ$ !m 9 its deva/ations4 ,!y became al>m$ by ! increase ( lawless viol5ce2 & :51 on ! #aj? ( ,augu/1 #agib1 ,l\is ,,xvi4 0 dragg$ f ! ,tuill]ies & imprison$ 9 ! ,temple1 !y det]m9$ to fly f a city1 :]e x appe>$ t no "o ( rank or weal? c\ld rema9 9 safety4 ,! impetuosity ( ! poet's "* 0 ( great advantage on ?is occasion4 ,) inf9ite difficulty passports 7 obta9$ = ! c\ntess & himself2 & !y fix$ on ! #bj? ( ,augu/ = _! dep>ture4 ,! impati5ce ( ,alfi]i caus$ !m to anticipate _! j\rney1 & !y set out on ! #ah?4 ,) a good deal ( difficulty !y pass$ ! b>ri] ( ,/4 ,d5is1 & ha/5$ to a place ( safety4 ,two days aft]1 on ! #bj?1 ! municipality ( ,p>is s5t to arre/ ! c\ntess3 _h %e rema9$1 %e w\ld h be5 ?r[n into prison1 &1 9 all probability1 h fall5 a victim dur+ ! massacres ( ! #b;d ( ,septemb]4 ,n f9d+ h]1 _! income aris+ f ! ,fr5* funds 0 seque/rat$1 _! furniture1 horses1 & books confiscat$1 & ?\gh =eign]s1 !y 7 bo? decl>$ emigrants4 ,alfi]i *iefly lam5t$ 8 libr>y1 & ! edition ( 8 works4 ,"s ye>s aft]1 a ,fr5* g5]al1 !n at ,tur91 ) a good deal ( o/5tation1 (f]$ to obta9 ! re/oration ( 8 books1 a li/ ( :i* he s5t him4 ,alfi]i has left ab\t #afjj volumes3 ! li/ conta9$ ! names ( #aej ( ! lea/ valuable4 ,he refus$ to avail himself ( :at he ironically calls a ,fr5* re/itution2 & surely1 if national contempt & hatr$ is ev] p>donable1 x 0 to be excus$ 9 an ,italian1 :o saw 8 c\ntry ov]-run by soi-disant lib]ators1 :o display$ _! fri5dly int5tions by a ?\s& acts ( plund] & arrogance4 ,burn+ ) an unqu5*able hatr$ = all ?+s ,fr5*1 ,alfi]i return$ to ,flor5ce ) ! c\ntess ( ,albany1 9 :i* city he rema9$ till 8 dea?4 ,9 ! tranquillity ( 8 position1 8 love ( /udy awoke ) r5ew$ =ce4 ,b :e!r x 0 t 8 fi]y temp]am5t burnt itself quickly out1 or t ! ard\r ( 8 /udies1 jo9$ to ill heal? & intemp]ate ab/emi\sness1 exhau/$ him4 ,alfi]i appe>s to h gr[n prematurely old4 ,! _s ( inv5tion 0 dead )9 him2 & no?+ c be m deplorable ?an t :i* he mi/ook = su*1 "u ^: influ5ce he wrote laught]less com$ies & too?less satires1 ! mo/ dolor\s & innoxi\s t c be imag9$4 ,/ill1 ?\gh orig9al inv5tion 0 dead1 indu/ry1 p]sev]ance1 & f]v\r 9 ! pursuit ( le>n+ 7 z w>m z ev] 9 8 he>t4 ,he br\ght to a conclusion 8 translations ( ,t]5ce1 ! neid1 & ,sallu/3 ! latt] is an excell5t specim5 ( /yle2 b 8 poetic translations are languid & unwor?y4 ,z to ! unlucky ,misogallo1 9 :i* he accumulates1 9 prose & v]se1 ! :ole =ce ( 8 dete/ation ( ! ,fr5*1 x rema9s a monum5t ( h[ little m5 "k !mselves1 & ! mi/akes to :i* g5ius is liable1 :5 x ex*anges ! nobl] pursuit ( ! good & beautiful1 to soil itself by ! petti] passions ( our nature4 ,:ile ?us employ$1 a m g5ial pursuit occupi$ him = a %ort p]iod1 :i* he calls wa/e ( "t1 b :i*1 by l9k+ him 9 agreeable int]c\rse ) 8 fell[ creatures1 & we>+ away ! ru/ produc$ by despond5cy & ov]-excit$ feel+s1 w\ld h made 8 latt] ye>s happi]2 b ,alfi]i1 ev] b5t on fight+ ) difficulties1 & ?w>t+ 8 natural t5d5cies1 ca/ f him ! m$ic9e (f]$ to 8 diseas$ m9d4 ,"s fri5ds ( 81 possess$ ( hi/rionic tal5t1 got up 8 trag$y ( ,saul3 ,alfi]i fill$ ! "p ( ! un=tunate k+4 ,o!rs ( 8 plays 7 aft]w>ds repres5t$1 9 :i* he also act$2 b he always pref]r$ ! "p ( ,saul1 :i* confirms our op9ion1 t x is1 ( all ! *>act]s he has p\rtray$1 ! be/ fitt$ = ! /age1 & ! ne>e/ approa* to ^? unrivall$ pr9ces ( ! drama1 ! h]oes ( ,%akspe>e4 ,aft] "s mon?s _h be5 occupi$ by ^! repres5tations1 ,alfi]i gave !m up1 & devot$ himself exclusively to /udy4 ,he _h _m plans = composition3 ! *ief ( ^! 7 :at he call$ tramelog$ie1 or tragic melodramas1 only "o ( :i*1 ,abel1 he f\nd en]gy to write1 & ?is is an entire failure4 ,he ent]$ on a new field1 to :i* 8 g5ius 0 n adapt$--! m+l+ ( human be+s & spirits1 ( ! passions ( ! he>t & ! airy creations ( our fancy2 a species ( composition :i* is to be f\nd 9 p]fection 9 ,cald]on1 & :i* ,g!1 ,byron1 & ,%elley h made famili> to u 9 mod]n times1 &1 accord+ to _! v>i\s capacities1 adorn$ ) ! my/]y1 fire1 & gl[+ imag]y peculi> to ea*4--,b ( ?is creative p[]1 t peoples our _w ) be+s n ( x1 ?\gh 9 x1--,alfi]i 0 :olly de/itute4 ,we h already rem>k$ h[ entirely 8 writ+s are want+ 9 ! m ideal attributes ( imag9ative poetry4 ,at ! age ( =ty-six he appli$ himself ) desp]ate ard\r to ! /udy ( ! ,greek language4 ,=ty-six is no advanc$ age3 h[ _m m5 are 9 _! prime at t epo*6 b x 0 n s ) ,alfi]i2 8 v memory fail$ him1 b he p]sev]$ ) 8 accu/om$ en]gy1 battl+ ) difficulties z if !y _h be5 oppon5ts1 inspir$ ) a s5se ( opposition4 ,?us he read ! mo/ difficult au?ors1 ) ! notes ( ! s*olia/s1 le>n+ an inf9ite multitude ( v]ses by he>t1 & acquir+1 9 ! end1 by d9t ( unwe>i$ indu/ry1 a consid]able k ( ! language4 ,8 heal? 0 infirm & 8 quiet di/urb$ by ! progress ( ! ,fr5* armies4 ,!y came1 !y said1 to lib]ate ,italy1 &1 "u ?is pret5ce1 de/roy$ its native gov]nm5ts1 introduc$ _! own crude in/itutions1 & !n1 on pret5ce ( ! opposition _! tyranny met1 despoil+ ! ,italians ( _! works ( art1 endeav\r+ ev5 to supplant _! div9e language1 & treat+ ) contempt & insol5ce _! peculi> mann]s & cu/oms2 s t any welcome giv5 by ! ,italians to ^! pret5d$ fri5ds only %[$ m pla9ly _! insult+ pret5sions & rapacity4 ,:5 ! ,fr5* fir/ appe>$ 9 ,flor5ce1 ,alfi]i & ! c\ntess hurri$ away z if x _h be5 visit$ by ! plague4 ,!y e/abli%$ !mselves at a villa 9 ! environs1 hav+ remov$ all _! prop]ty f _! h\se 9 ! city2 & "h !y rema9$ till ! ,fr5* 7 tempor>ily driv5 f ,tuscany4 ,on _! second invasion1 ,alfi]i _h no "t to retreat1 & he satisfi$ 8 feel+s ( scorn & hatr$ by nev] speak+ to a ,fr5*man1 or admitt+ ! visits ( ! lead]s ( its armies4 ,8 melan*oly increas$ ) ! irritation caus$ by political ev5ts1 by unwe>i$ /udy1 & ! physical weakness produc$ by 8 sy/ematic ab/95ce4 ,he 0 happy 9 ! society ( ! c\ntess ( ,albany1 & t ( 8 de> fri5d1 ! abbate ,caluso3 b _m long h\rs he sp5t by himself 9 gloomy rev]ie4 ,! bitt]ness & asp]ity ( 8 m9d 0 ?us increas$1 & 8 dislike ( society prev5t$ ! b5eficial action ( sympa?y & mutual =be>ance4 ,he consid]$ himself1 to a great degree1 a disappo9t$ man 9 8 lit]>y c>e]1 & 0 ignorant ( ! univ]sal applause be/[$ ^u 8 trag$ies4 ,he divid$ 8 "t ) ! mo/ scrupul\s exactitude1 & 8 horses 7 /ill de> to him4 ,_m h\rs 7 sp5t 9 ! aisles ( ,santa ,croce1 or o!r *ur*es ( ,flor5ce1 li/5+ to ! music1 & absorb$ 9 rev]ie4 ,dur+ ! la/ ye>s ( 8 life1 he 0 visit$ ea* spr+ by a fit ( ! g\t1 & ea* summ] by a desire to employ himself ^u orig9al composition1 to :i* he devot$ himself ) an ard\r :i* br\ght on1 ea* autumn1 a dang]\s illness4 ,8 six unlucky com$ies 7 ! pr9cipal objects ( ^! ill-fat$ lab\rs2 & 8 life 0 at la/ _! sacrifice4 ,a !ori/ 9 all ?+s1 he imag9$ t1 z ! g\t proce$$ f inflammation1 x c\ld be />v$ out ( 8 frame2 & he comm5c$ a sy/em ( ab/95ce t depriv$ him ( ! nutrim5t necess>y to support life4 ,! c\ntess 9 va9 implor$ him n to adh]e to s s5seless a plan3 x has (t5 happ5$ t1 by resi/+ ! prescriptions ( physicians1 & ! aid ( m$ic9e1 a man has conqu]$ inh]5t disease1 & liv$ to an old age2 b z soon z he beg9s to adm9i/] rem$ies to himself1 & to act f !ories1 in/ead ( f t long & ardu\s practice necess>y to give ! smalle/ insight into ! delicate /ructure ( our physical nature1 he mu/ become ! victim3 ?us x 0 ) ,alfi]i2 h>d /udy & ab/95ce r$uc$ 8 life to a m]e flick]+ sp>k2 he became a skeleton 9 appe>ance2 ea* day he took less n\ri%m5t1 & ! weak] he grew1 ! m resolutely did he apply himself to /udy1 z ! sole solace ( 8 worn-out & bur!nsome exi/5ce4 ,9 ! mon? ( ,octob]1 #ahjc1 he 0 attack$ by g\t 9 ! /oma*4 ,! physicians wi%$1 by means ( bli/]s & s9apisms1 to draw x to ! extremities2 b a *ildi% dislike to ! inconv5i5ce :i* w\ld ensue1 & ! impossibility ( tak+ 8 daily walk1 if ^! rem$ies 7 appli$ to 8 legs1 caus$ him to refuse !m4 ,opium 0 giv5 in/ead1 & 8 pa9 0 mod]at$2 b /ill he sat up2 & 8 m9d 0 r excit$ ?an calm$ by ! n>cotics adm9i/]$3 he rememb]$ z 9 dreams1 b ) ! utmo/ vividness1 v>i\s incid5ts ( 8 pa/ life1 or passages f 8 own writ+s & ^? ( o!rs2 & ^! he repeat$ to ! c\ntess1 :o sat by him wat*+4 ,no idea ( approa*+ dea? seems to h ent]$ 8 m9d2 & ! prie/1 :o came to (f] ! usual (fices ( ! ca?olic religion to ! dy+1 0 s5t away ) an invitation to return on ! morr[2 :e!r because he believ$ t by t "t he %\ld be beyond su* int]f]5ce1 or z a m]e excuse = delay1 _c be told4 ,z he grew weak]1 he s5t = ! c\ntess1 & :5 %e came he /ret*$ out 8 h&1 say+ ,/r+etemi la mano1 c>a amica2 mi s5to morire4 ,press my h&1 de> fri5d2 ,i am dy+4 ,^! 7 8 la/ words4 ,he di$ on ! #h? ( ,octob]1 #ahjc1 at ! age ( fifty-five4 ,he 0 buri$ 9 ,santa ,croce1 & ! c\ntess ( ,albany erect$ a tomb to 8 memory1 sculptur$ by ,canova4 ,x is n "o ( 8 happie/ ef=ts2 b ! inscription1 :i* has be5 call$ pret5d+1 appe>s to me simple & affectionate4 ,l\isa de ,/olb]g1 c\ntess ( ,albany1 to ,vittorio ,alfi]i1 is surely no imp]t95t obtrusion ( ! "n ( 8 de>e/ fri5d2 & x may be rem>k$1 t1 :ile ! c\ntess has be5 c5sur$ = record+ h] "n s prom95tly4 ,alfi]i1 9 ! epitaph he himself compos$ = h]1 makes x h] *ief praise t %e 0 quam unice dilexit1--! only love ( ! poet4 ,?is acc\nt ( ! life ( a man :o 0 end[$ ) ! *ief attribute ( g5ius1--t ( spontane\sly =m+ & manife/+ itself1 despite e ob/acle or adv]se circum/ance1--may be conclud$ by ! quotation ( ! sonnet 9 :i* he describes 8 own p]son2 a fai?ful translation ( :i*1 :i* we also app5d1 appe>$1 "s ye>s ago1 9 ,! ,lib]al4 ,x may be quot$ ) ! m propriety at ! end ( 8 life1 s9ce x 0 writt5 :5 "t _h robb$ him ( ! graces ( y\?2 giv+ in/ead ^? *>act]i/ic m>ks /amp$ by ! action ( 8 disposition & pursuits4 ,sublime spec*io di v]aci detti ,mo/rami 9 corpo e 9 anima qual sono4 ,capelli or radi 9 fronte1 e rossi pretti2 ,lunga /atura e capo a t]ra prono2 ,sottil p]sona su due /9*i s*ietti2 ,bianca pelle1 oc*i azzurri1 aspetto buono1 ,giu/o naso1 bel labbro1 e d5ti eletti1 ,pallido 9 volto pi *e un re sul trono4 ,or duro1 ac]bo1 ora pieghevol mite4 ,irato sempre e non maligno mai1 ,la m5te e il cor meco 9 p]petua lite1 ,p] lo pi me/o1 e tal or lieto assai1 ,or /im&omi ,a*ille1 ed or ,t]site2 ,uom1 se' tu gr&e o vii8 ,muori1 e il saprai4#ea ,footnote #ea3 ,?\ l(ty mirror1 ,tru?1 let me be %[n ,su* z ,i am1 9 body & 9 m9d4 ,hair pla9ly r$1 retreat+ n[ beh9d2 ,a /ature tall1 a /oop+ head & prone2 ,a meagre body on two /ilts ( bone2 ,fair sk91 blue eyes1 good look1 nose well design'd2 ,a h&some m\?1 tee? t are r>e to f9d1 ,& pale 9 face1 m ?an a k+ on ?rone4 ,n[ h>% & crabb$1 mild & pleasant soon2 ,always irascible1 no malignant foe2 ,my head & he>t & ,i nev] 9 tune2 ,sad = ! mo/ "p1 !n 9 su* a fl[ ,( spirits1 ,i feel n[ h]o1 n[ buffoon2 ,man1 art ?\ great or vile8--die1 & ?\ ',x "k4 ,,monti #aged-ahbh4 ,monti is1 )\t "q1 ! greate/ ,italian poet t has appe>$ s9ce ! gold5 days ( its poetry3 he alone emulates 8 pr$ecessors 9 ! high] flights ( ! imag9ation4 ,x has be5 pron\nc$ ( ,dryd51 t if ea* ( ! pr9ces ( poetry surpass$ him 9 _! peculi> ve91 yet 8 fire & orig9ality give him a ne> place beside !m4 ,?us ,monti has n ! sublimity ( ,dante1 nor ! t5d]ness ( ,petr>*2 nei!r ! inv5tive fl[ ( ,ario/o1 nor ,tasso's epic conception & voluptu\s grace3 b he has a f]v\r1 a p[] ( imag]y1 an ov]fl[+ & r$undance ( ideal ?\ght1 t m>k ! g5u9e poet4 ,he came to revive ! languid & unnatural /yle t fl\ri%$ "u ! reign ( ! ,arcadians4 ,"s few real poets _h sprung up 9 ,italy 9 ! int]val betwe5 ,ario/o & ,monti3 !y are record$ 9 ?is volume4 ,*iabr]a & ,filicaja are ! *ief4 ,^! m5 f\nd 9 ! inspiration ( _! own m9ds ! p[] t l$ !m to adopt a /yle ( _! own1 & to be/[ orig9ality--:i*1 9 "o %ape or ano!r1 is ! vivify+ s\l ( composition1--on _! productions4 ,meta/asio c>ri$ cle>ness & grace ( expression to a great p]fection1 b he want$ /r5g? & d>+3 ,alfi]i _h n a trace ( t sun%9y & ra9b[-l 7s to speak7 col\r-giv+ p[] ( fancy1 )\t :i* !re is no real poetry4 ,= ! re/1 ! poets ( ^? days 7 ,arcadians2 ! v ^w seems to express volumes ( inane affectation1 & turgid1 yet s\lless1 language4 ,x is ?us t a clev] ,italian critic ( ! pres5t day speaks ( !m3--,to ! hyp]boles & conceits ( ! seic5ti/i1 succe$$ ! follies & pa/orals ( ! ,arcadians4 ,! subject treat$ by ^! poets 7 re/ra9$ 9 n>r[ limits2 !y 7 all futile1 trite1 vulg>1 or silly1--adulatory1 or false4 ,a new-m>ri$ pair1 a nun1--! new-born babe ( "s sov]eign or noble1--! election ( a c>d9al1 or a bi%op1 or ev5 ( an abb--a fun]al or a feign$ love2 su* 7 ! fav\rite !mes ( ! ,arcadians4 ,0 a m>riage 9 "q1--,hym5 0 adjur$ to br+ its *a9s to l9k two he>ts2 & a new ,h]cules or ,a*illes 0 progno/icat$ z ! future result ( ! union4 ,if a girl %ut h]self up 9 ! cloi/]1 ! poets expatiat$ on h] happ9ess2 !y describ$ ! heav5ly bridegroom z desc5d+ & /ret*+ out 8 h& to h]1 :ile ! mis*iev\s ,cupid angrily ?rew away 8 gold5 quiv]2 a c5surable mixture ( sacr$ & pr(ane imag]y 0 ?us introduc$1 & _! ideas 7 /eep$ 9 two f\nta9s1 9 contradiction "o to ! o!r1 ! ,bible & my?ology4 ,! mo/ %ameless flatt]y blott$ _! pages1 z !y prais$ "o ano!r1 & depict$ !mselves on ! heights ( ,p>nassus1--beside ! wat]s ( ,hypocr5e1--9 ! company ( ,apollo & ! ,muses2 & ! wond]s ( ,orpheus & ,amphion 7 r5ew$1 to express ! *>ms ( ea* o!r's v]ses4 ,no ,arcadian d>$ imag9e himself enam\r$ ( a human be+3 %e 0 no mortal woman1 b a goddess1--a ,v5us sprung on ! in/ant f ! foam ( ! sea3 lips1 & eyes1 & hair1 _h all _! appropriate1 /ill-repeat$ epi!ts3 did _! lady sigh1 or did "o ^w escape ! pal+ ( h] ivory tee?1--tempe/s fl$1 ! w9ds 7 /ill$1 & ,jove 0 aga9 tempt$ to trans=m himself into a bull = h] sake4#eb ,m5 c d /range ?+s :5 !y associate 9 companies1 & keep ea* o!r 9 c\nt5ance by a wide-spread folly1 t b>s out ! :olesome fe> ( ridicule4 ,?us1 ! ,arcadians _h colonies all ov] ,italy4 ,!y gave feign$ names to ea* o!r2 !y laud$1 & celebrat$1 & cr[n$ ea* o!r4 ,good s5se & good ta/e 7 sacrific$ 9 ! emulation ea* felt to transc5d 8 rivals 9 a sonor\s & turgid sy/em ( words1 9 :i* nei!r passion nor ?\ght appe>$4#ec ,a new g5ius 0 want$ to trample on ?is ov]gr[? ( vanity or folly1 & to gift ! tam$ & *a9$ language ( ,dante & ,boj>do ) w+s & lib]ty4 ,su* 0 ! poet1 ! incid5ts ( ^: life we n[ proce$ to detail4 ,v9c5zo ,monti 0 born 9 ,romagna1 on ! #ai? ( ,febru>y1 #aged4 ,8 fa!r's simple1 & ev5 humble1 b pretty & agreeable1 h\se 0 situat$ among ! v9ey>ds & agricultural c\ntry :i* lies betwe5 ,fusignano & ! ,alfons9e1 9 ! ,rav5nese t]ritory4 ,! air is heal?y & s]5e1 ! c\ntry f]tile & div]sifi$1 & ! /yle ( life ( 8 p>5ts su* z at once cultivat$ simplicity ( ta/e & k9dness ( he>t4 ,no?+ c be m primitive & patri>*al ?an ! mode ( life ( ! small] l&hold]s 9 ,italy2 & to ?is class ,monti's fa!r belong$4 ,! f>m-h\se--or villa1 z x is call$1 if a little bett] ?an a cottage--is situat$ amid/ ! gr\nd !y cultivate4 ,! "n ( pod]e is giv5 to ^! small f>ms1 enclos$ by h$ges1 )9 ^: limits grapes1 corn1 vegetables1 & fruits are all cultivat$ 9 a sort ( picturesque confusion4 ,! v9es1 tra9$ on trellises1 =m cov]$ walks2 & ! s\nd ( ! wat]-:eel is cont9ually he>d1 & ( ! wat] trickl+ ?r\gh ! conduits t lead x to ! v>i\s p>ts ( ! gr\nds4 ,! ,italian f>m] works v h>d1 & ! cottag] /ill h>d]4 ,he divides ! produce ( ! l& ) 8 l&lord1 ent]ta9s few s]vants1 & 8 habits are at once labori\s & frugal4 ,! p>5ts ( ,monti 7 an excell5t specim5 ( ! virtues ( ?is unpret5d+ race4 ,!y are /ill rememb]$ 9 ! c\ntry by numb]s ( ! poor :om !y assi/$ & com=t$4 ,_! *ildr5 7 br\ght up to consid] x a valuable privilege to be/[ help ^u ^? 9 want ( ! necess>ies ( life1 & ,v9c5zo 9 p>ticul> inh]it$ f !m a w>m he>t & a t5d]ness ( feel+ t caus$ him to be idolis$ 9 8 dome/ic circle4 ,monti pass$ 8 e>ly boyhood 9 ?is rural retirem5t4 ,to ! end ( 8 life he rememb]$ ) fondness ! days ( 8 *ildhood1 :i* 7 sp5t gaily amid/ a l>ge family ( ?ree bro!rs1 old] ?an himself1 & five si/]s4 ,! rew>d = good behavi\r among !m 0 a p]mission to di/ribute *>ity among ! indig5t1--a sacr$1 s\l-sav+ duty ) ca?olics4 ,! well-kn[n b5evol5ce ( 8 p>5ts drew numb]s to _! h\se1 :]e portions ( food 7 di/ribut$ to !m4 ,8 "m nev] felt s happy z :5 ?us engag$2 & x is relat$ ( h] t1 :51 a few ye>s aft]1 ! family remov$ to ,majano1 :]e _! *>itable habits 7 at fir/ unkn[n1 %e compla9$ 9 a sort ( al>m t !y 7 no long] visit$ by ! poor4 ,! same biograph] relates a /ory ( ,v9c5zo4 ,on "o occasion he 0 p]mitt$ to di/ribute ! portions ( food to m5dicants1 :o ent]$ at "o door & w5t out at ! o!r3 "s among !m fanci$ t !y c\ld deceive ! *ild1 & return$ twice2 & he1 ) +5u\s %ame1 turn$ away1 & gave to !m twice )\t look+1 t he might n be oblig$ to accuse !m ( _! trick4 ,an anecdote1 cont9ues 8 biograph]1 p]haps sc>cely wor? relat+1 only t x describes ! "*1 or r1 x may be said1 ! :ole life ( ,monti1 :o1 ev5 9 old age1 frequ5tly suff]$ himself volunt>ily to be impos$ ^u4 ,7 a philosophical analysis ( ,monti's disposition to be attempt$1 x might be discov]$ h[ ?is s5sitiv5ess to ! %ame ( o!rs1 ?is sp>+ ( _! feel+s 9 pref]5ce to ! ass]tion ( tru? & hone/y1 makes a "p ( ! same weakness t l$ him always to reg>d z a second>y consid]ation moral tru?s & political integrity1 :5 put 9 competition ) ! happ9ess & welf>e ( 8 dome/ic circle4 ,we call ?is sort ( s5sibility weakness1 because1 ?\gh usually unit$ to great private rectitude ( "*1 x is incompatible ) ! h]oism ( ! patriot & ! m>tyr4 ,= sev]al ye>s ,monti _h no in/ructors except 8 k9d p>5ts2 b1 soon aft] _! removal to ,majano1 he 0 s5t to ! sem9>y ( ,fa5za1 :i* enjoy$ a good reputation = ! solidity ( its in/ruction2 !re he le>nt e>ly & well ! ,lat9 language4 ,8 fir/ attempts 9 ,lat9 v]se 71 h[ev]1 s s+ul>ly infelicit\s1 t 8 ma/] ?\ght x necess>y to put him into a l[] class ?an t 9 :i* he _h fir/ be5 plac$4 ,! boy1 r\s$ to indignation1 made no compla9ts1 b secretly le>n$ by he>t ! :ole ( ! neid2 & p]sev]$ s e>ne/ly 9 conqu]+ ! difficulties1 t 8 ,lat9 v]ses soon became di/+ui%$ = a /yle & h>mony t ann\nc$ 8 poetic tal5t4 ,8 second trial 0 s diff]5t f ! fir/1 t 8 ma/]s began to reg>d him z a sort ( prodigy2 & he himself ent]$ ) delight & ard\r on ! /udy ( ! ,roman poets4 ,! full =ce ( 8 impetu\s & f]tile imag9ation 0 e>ly awak5$ by !m1 & he began to ex]cise ! art peculi> to 8 c\ntry ( extemporis+ v]ses2 b 8 ma/] _h ! judgm5t to )draw him f an ex]cise s p]nici\s to ! /r5g? & critical delicacy ( poetry1 & induc$ him to write ) c>e & m$itation4 ,he 0 yet a boy :51 "u ?is tutelage1 he compos$ a volume ( elegies1 sev]al ( :i* h be5 pr9t$4 ,x is ! usual cu/om among ! small] l&hold]s ( ,romagna to de/9e _! y\nge/ sons to ! agricultural lab\rs ( _! f>ms2 & ?is 0 fix$ z ! c>e] ( ,monti4 ,he yield$ to 8 fa!r's comm&s1 b ) reluctance4 ,8 m9d 0 op5$ to ! necessity ( cultivation1 & m]e manual lab\r & l[-?\ght$ c>es 7 inf9itely di/a/eful to him4 ,8 he>t 0 ) ! ,lat9 poets1 f :om he c\ld n sep>ate himself2 & 8 dislike to e occupation t 0 n intellectual grew to be insurm\ntable4 ,8 fa!r ?\ght x necess>y to reprove him2 & a sc5e ensu$ simil> to "o record$ z hav+ tak5 place1 sev]al c5turies be=e1 betwe5 ,petr>* & 8 fa!r4 ,v9c5zo1 mov$ by 8 p>5t's repro( to a belief t 8 lit]>y pr$ilections 7 repreh5sible1 made a resolution to r5\nce !m4 ,he l$ 8 fa!r into 8 *amb]1 & !re1 be=e him1 ?rew 8 fav\rite au?ors into a l>ge fire4 ,! good man1 t\*$ by ?is act ( docility1 gave him twelve sequ9s2 & ! y\?1 unable to resi/ ! temptation ?us held out1 ha/5$ to ! neighb\r+ fair ( ,luga1 & sp5t ! :ole sum 9 buy+ ov] aga9 ! au?ors ^: works he _h left at home1 /ill w>m 9 ! a%es ( ! fire into :i* he _h ?r[n !m4 ,8 fa!r1 see+ ! inutility ( combat+ ) 8 incl9ations1 s5t him to ! univ]sity ( ,f]r>a1 wi%+ him to ent] on ! legal or m$ical pr(ession4 ,b1 aft] a few va9 attempts to apply himself to ^! /udies1 ,monti gave up e o!r pursuit1 & d$icat$ himself :olly to ! cultivation ( lit]ature & poetry4 ,he /ill cont9u$ to write 9 ,lat91 & always reta9$ a pr$ilection = ?is language1 & lat] 9 life translat$ "s ( 8 own works into x4 ,8 fir/ ,italian poem 0 ,! ,prophecy ( ,jacob4 ,x 01 ( c\rse1 inexact 9 v]sification1 & unequal2 b :5 ,jacob prophesies ! future glory ( ! ,lion ( ,judah1 ! /yle rises into vig\r1 & ev5 sublimity4 ,at ?is "t ! ,visions ( ,v>9o & ! sonnets ( ,m9zoni1 two ,f]r>ese poets1 fell into 8 h&s4 ,!y rose above ! inanities ( ! ,arcadians1 & indicat$ to him ! pa? he %\ld pursue4 ,?r\gh read+ !m he 0 br\ght to ! p]usal ( ,dante1 & 8 s\l op5$ at once to ! conception ( all t ,italian poetry conta9s ( gr& & beautiful4 ,h5ce=? ,alighi]i 0 8 model & ma/]1 & he reg>d$ at once ) admiration & a sort ( wor%ip ! elevat$ & godlike p[]s ( ?is mo/ inspir$ ( poets4 ,he wrote ! ,vision ( ,ezekiel 9 a sort ( imitation ( 8 fav\rite1 9 :i* he display$ t gr&eur ( imag]y & comm& ( language :i* di/+ui% 8 compositions4 ,c>d9al ,borghese 0 at t "t legate at ,f]r>a4 ,admir+ ! y\?'s g5ius1 he took him "u 8 protection4 ,on 8 return f 8 legation1 he obta9$ ! eld] ,monti's cons5t to 8 son's accompany+ him to ,rome4 ,he 0 n[ eighte54 ,! fir/ intimacy t he =m$ 9 ! capital 0 ) ,ennio ,quir9o ,visconti1 a man ( va/ erudition2 & "u 8 direction ,monti ext5d$ 8 classical k4 ,x happ5$1 :ile he 0 at ,rome1 t ! ,erme ( ,p]icles & ,aspasia 7 discov]$1--"o 9 excavations made 9 ! villa ( ,cassius at ,tivoli1 ! o!r at ,civit ,vec*ia4 ,visconti wrote a treatise on ^! m>bles1 & invit$ 8 fri5d to celebrate !m 9 a poem2 & he wrote ! ,prosopopea di ,p]icle1 :i* is pres]v$ 9 ! ,vatican museum1 writt5 ) great simplicity ( /yle1 & 8 usual easy fl[1 yet f]v\r1 ( language4 ,?is 0 ! fir/ "t t he appe>$ 9 ! "* ( a poet at ,rome2 & x 0 foll[$ by sev]al o!r attempts4 ,he ?us attract$ att5tion2 b1 hav+ no fix$ situation1 aft] rema9+ "s ye>s 9 ! capital1 he 0 on ! po9t ( comply+ ) 8 fa!r's frequ5t reque/s t he w\ld return home1 :5 a circum/ance happ5$ to *ange 8 plans4 ,! ,arcadians ( ! ,bosco ,p>rasio celebrat$ ! ,qu9qu5alli ( ,pius ,,vi4 7#aghj1 tat4 #bf472 :5 ,monti recit$ "s ( 8 compositions1 :i* attract$ s mu* applause t ! duke ( ,bras*i1 ! pope's nephew1 s5t = him ! next day1 & (f]$ him ! place ( 8 secret>y1 :i* 0 at once accept$4 ,monti rema9$ at ,rome 9 ! h\se ( ! pr9ce1 :o treat$ him ) all ! k9dness ( fri5d%ip1 & he enjoy$ full leisure to pursue 8 lit]>y /udies4 ,yet x is1 p]haps1 matt] ( regret t ,monti %\ld h be5 ?us employ$4 ,x is v difficult to make rules = ! education ( g5ius1 :51 on ! "o h&1 c>e & want may fett]1 & ev5 cru%1 its l(tie/ aspirations2 or too mu* case & leisure wean x f habits ( indu/ry1 & fo/] ! dissipation ( ?\ght & feel+ :i* too frequ5tly accompanies ! poetic temp]am5t4 ,monti's muse _h surely n be5 sil5t if he _h rema9$ 9 8 fa!r's f>m1 surr\nd$ by ! luxuriant beauty ( nature1 & support$ by consci\s wor? & indep5d5ce4 ,b no p ne$ s mu* sympa?y z poets4 ,! int]*ange ( ?\ght & feel+1 ! fre% _s ( inquiry & inv5tion1 t spr+s f ! collision or h>mony ( diff]5t m9ds1 are ) !m a necessity & a passion4 ,& ?\gh solitude is nam$ ! "m ( all t is truly sublime1 yet ?is solitude ought n to be t ( desolation1 b retirem5t to m$itate on ! /ores heap$ up 9 our int]c\rse ) our fell[-creatures4 ,monti1 among ! uncultivat$ peasantry ( ,romagna1 might h f\nd 8 gl[+ en?usiasm gr[ cool f ! abs5ce ( appreciation1 & ! want ( sympa?y & equal int]c\rse4 ,yet s]vitude at ! c\rt ( ,rome 0 no good moral s*ool4 ,to ! ye>s he sp5t 9 ! s]vice ( ! pope's nephew1 ! habits ( dep5d5ce1 & 8 daily int]c\rse ) c\rti]s1 may be attribut$ t want ( political integrity1 & ready wor%ip ( rul+ p[]s1 :i* 0 ! great blot ( ,monti's "*4 ,! g5u9e gl[ ( real tal5t1 ! ambition natural to consci\s g5ius1 & ! in/9ct ( "o1 9 :om inv5tion & ! p[] ( expression 7 indig5\s1 to p\r =? 8 ideas & s5tim5ts1 qualities :i* indefeasibly belong$ to him1 w\ld1 9 almo/ any situation1 h made ,monti a writ]4 ,he might h be5 less ref9$ 9 ! f>ms ( ,romagna1 b m useful z a moral & dignifi$ ass]t] ( tru? & indep5d5ce4 ,yet we mu/ reflect t ! g]m ( ea* man's "* is born ) him1 to be *eck$ or fo/]$ by education1 b /ill !re to col\r ! tide ( ?\ght & influ5ce ! motives ( conduct4 ,& z indep5d5ce & /r5g? ( pr9ciple nev] display$ !mselves z a "p ( ,monti's "*1 temptation might h f\nd him z will+ a slave 9 ! pov]ty ( 8 f>m z 9 ! luxuri\s s]vitude ( papal ,rome4 ,at ,rome1 at lea/1 he cont9u$ to cultivate 8 poetic ta/es4 ,he produc$ sev]al poems :i* kept alive 8 fame4 ,on occasion ( ! m>riage ( 8 patron1 ! duke ( ,bras*i1 he wrote an ode entitl$ ,beauty ( ! ,univ]se2 & he celebrat$ ! j\rney ( ,pius ,,vi4 to ! imp]ial c\rt 9 a poem entitl$ ! ,apo/olic ,pilgrim4 ,b he aspir$ to signalise himself by "s great] "w1 & long m$itat$ writ+ a trag$y4 ,z e>ly z #aggi he writes to a fri5d1--,i am we>y ( writ+ v]ses on frivol\s subjects4 ,a tragic drama is ! notion t mo/ delights me4 ,b h[ c ,i satisfy ! crav+ ,i h to write a trag$y1 s9ce ,i am n able to tranquillise my m9d1 & am occupi$ by affairs :i* h no connection ) poetry8 ,an hundr$ times ,i h begun1 & z (t5 brok5 (f4 ,& 9 ano!r lett] he expresses a feel+ :i* has (t5 ent]$ ! m9d ( any "o deeply int]e/$ 9 c>ry+ on "s lit]>y lab\r3--,i h a rav5\s desire1 he says1 to write trag$ies1 :i* preys ^u me4 ,?is is my madness2 & ,i am 9 despair1 because ,i fe> to die be=e ,i f9i% "o4 ,8 ambition 0 fur!r excit$ by ! emulation inspir$ by ,alfi]i4 ,?is great trag$ian 0 n[ resid+ at ,rome2 & ,monti 0 pres5t :5 he read 8 ,virg9ia 9 a society compos$ ( ! mo/ celebrat$ lit]ati ( ! day4 ,monti li/5$ ) transport1 &1 burn+ ) a desire to rival ?is production1 he in/antly began 8 trag$y ( ,ari/odemo1 f\nd$ on a /ory he _h read a few days be=e 9 ,pausanias4 ,he 0 ! m eag] to accompli% 8 purpose1 z lie p]ceiv$ ! faults ( ,alfi]i's /yle1 & hop$ to avoid !m4 ,! fecundity ( 8 imag9ation r5d]$ x easy = him to rise above ! baldness & unideal v]sification ( 8 rival2 s t x has be5 pron\nc$1 t a p]fect trag$y w\ld be produc$1 7 ! gr&eur & p5etration ( ,alfi]i adorn$ by ! /yle ( ,monti4 ,ari/odemo 0 act$ ) ! greate/ success at ,rome 9 #aghg4 ,monti writes to a fri5d1--,my trag$y 0 repres5t$ ye/]day ev5+ at ! !atre ( ,valle4 ,i 0 n pres5t2 b :5 x 0 ov]1 my h\se 0 inundat$ by my acqua9tances1 :o seem$ mad ) delight4 ,i ought n to m5tion ?is1 b ,i write to a fri5d1 & ,i assure y t e "o agrees t s great a success & s mu* en?usiasm 0 nev] kn[n at ,rome be=e4 ,& "h x is impossible n to rem>k ! diff]5t feel+s ( ,alfi]i & ,monti4 ,alfi]i ent]$ ^u 8 lit]>y c>e] :5 ! m brilliant portion ( ! fire ( y\? 0 pass+ away4 ,he _h suffici5t en?usiasm to animate him to m5tal lab\r1 & to w>m 8 imag9ation to ! conception ( fictiti\s situations1 b n en\gh to fo/] ! delusion ( success4 ,:ile he pret5d$ /oicism & disda91 he 0 v s5sitive to criticism2 b :5 applause 0 af=d$1 he scann$ ! m]its ( 8 judges1 0 annoy$ by ! faults ( ! actors1 & nev] reap$ ! j rew>d ( 8 toils--! s5se ( triumph4 ,:ile ! m y\?ful ,monti1 e>ly cat*+ ! sp>k ( en?usiasm f 8 audi5ce & 8 fri5ds1 enjoy$1 to its full ext5t1 ! celebrity :i* a successful trag$y1 m ?an any o!r species ( lit]>y composition1 is able to conf]4 ,! g5ius ( ,monti1 h[ev]1 0 n t ( a trag$ian3 lyrical & imag9ative rhapsodies1 r ?an ! concat5ation ( a plot & ! imp]sonation ( human passion1 7 ! native b5t ( 8 m9d4 ,! /ory ( ,ari/odemo is em95tly simple 9 its con/ruction2 ! int]e/ is entirely conf9$ to ! pr9cipal "*1 & !re is almo/ no action to support ! piece4 ,ari/odemo _h1 to acquire ! popul> fav\r1 & 8 election to ! ?rone ( ,myc5e1 resolv$ to sacrifice 8 daught]1 :5 "s angry god requir$ t ! blood ( a virg9 %\ld be %$ on 8 alt>4 ,to save ! girl1 h] lov] decl>es t %e has yield$ to him1 & is ab\t to be a "m4 ,9 8 fury ! fa!r de/roys h]1 & aft]w>ds discov]s t %e is innoc5t4 ,to add to 8 mis=tunes he loses 8 only o!r *ild1 a little girl ( ?ree ye>s old1 9 a skirmi% ) ! ,sp>tans4 ,h5ce=? he is pursu$ by remorse2 ! spectacle ( 8 murd]$ daught] = ev] haunts him1 & horror & despair d>k5 8 s\l4 ,! trag$y op5s1 fifte5 ye>s aft] ^! ev5ts1 at ! conclusion ( a w> ) ,sp>ta1 ) ! discussion = a treaty ( peace1 :5 ! prison]s on bo? sides are to be giv5 up4 ,among ^? tak5 by ,ari/odemo is a girl1 to :om he has atta*$ himself ) pat]nal fondness1 & :o devotes h]self to mitigat+ 8 suff]+s4 ,%e1 ( c\rse1 is discov]$ to be 8 long lo/ daught]2 b ?is is n made kn[n to him till ! la/ sc5e1 :5 ! agonies ( remorse1 jo9$ to sorr[ at los+ 8 la/ consolation1 h driv5 him to de/roy himself4 ,! pure b w>m atta*m5t betwe5 him & 8 unkn[n *ild is delicately & sweetly describ$1 :ile 8 passionate & remorseful rav+s1 ?\gh !y rise to sublimity1 %ock u by go+ beyond ideal t]rors into images palpably disagreeable4 ,f ?is sket* x may be se5 h[ defici5t 9 action ! piece is4 ,ari/odemo comes be=e u to lam5t & to rave4 ,/ill1 despite 8 woe1 he is a h]o & a k+2 &1 :5 ! int]e/s ( 8 c\ntry require x1 he c dismiss 8 private griefs1 & ass]t ! maje/y ( ! cr[n4 ,8 "* is conceiv$ 9 ! tru? & sublimity ( tragic nature2 & ! int]e/ t hov]s ov] him1 ! dim b h>r[+ horrors ( 8 spectral visions1 ! m+l$ remorse1 t]ror1 & love t te> 8 he>t1 & ! poetry 9 :i* ^! ov]p[]+ passions are express$1 take absolutely f ! languor :i* ! want ( action might o!rwise imp>t4 ,! success ( ,ari/odemo induc$ ,monti to write ano!r drama4 ,galeotto ,manfr$i is1 h[ev]1 a failure4 ,x is f\nd$ on ! passion ( jeal\sy4 ,9 8 preface ! poet m5tions t x is want+ 9 tragic dignity3 su* is n ( necessity ! fault ( 8 subject1 b x decid$ly is ( 8 me?od ( treat+ x1 & !re is no poetry to r$eem x f ! *>ge ( m$iocrity4 ,he m>ri$1 ab\t ?is p]iod1 ! daught] ( ! celebrat$ cavali]e ,giovanni ,pickl]1 :o _h di$ a %ort "t be=e4 ,x is a s+ul> fact1 t he made *oice ( 8 wife )\t hav+ se5 h]1 & n on acc\nt ( h] extraord9>y beauty1 ( :i* he 0 ignorant1 b f respect = ! reputation ( h] fa!r1 & a wi% to console 8 afflict$ family2 :ile %e accept$ him on acc\nt ( h] admiration = ! au?or ( ,ari/odemo4 ,& n[ we ent] on a new epo* ( ,monti's life1 :5 he compos$ 8 mo/ celebrat$ poem1 & at ! same "t gave to 8 productions t political gr\ndwork :i*1 f 8 vacillation ( pr9ciple1 has n r$\nd$ to 8 hon\r4 ,! ,fr5* revolution 0 at its height2 & ! "t-worn & absolute gov]nm5ts ( e c\ntry ( ,europe 7 %ak51 z by an e>?quake1 by ! m]e e*o ( ! ,p>isian tocs94 ,! ,fr5*1 drunk ) en?usiasm1 7 eag] to call ! :ole _w into a frat]nity ( lib]ty & equality2 & _m 7 ! w>m "y he>ts1 long b[$ d[n by ! yoke ( ! cont95tal sy/ems ( slav]y1 t beat responsive to ! call4 ,"o ( ! p]sons s5t by ! ,fr5* to spread _! revolution>y t5ets beyond ! ,alps 0 ,hugh ,basseville4 ,he 0 ! son ( a dy] at ,abbeville2 ! tal5ts he e>ly display$ induc$ 8 fa!r to wi% him to pursue a m dignifi$ c>e]1 & he educat$ him = ! *ur*1 z ! only pr(ession !n op5 to ! l[ly born4 ,b ,basseville /udi$ !ology only to f9d d\bts z to 8 cre$2 he soon ab&on$ ! cl]ical pr(ession1 &1 go+ to ,p>is1 gave himself up entirely to lit]ature4 ,he "h fell 9 ) two ,am]icans1 :o engag$ him z _! companion1 or tutor1 9 a j\rney !y made ?r\gh ,g]many4 ,at ,b]l91 ,basseville became acqua9t$ ) ,mirabeau4 ,leav+ 8 ,am]icans he visit$ ,holl&1 & wrote a "w on ! ,elem5ts ( ,my?ology1 & a volume ( amatory poems4 ,:5 ! revolution began1 he atta*$ himself to ! royal1 or r con/itutional1 p>ty1 & in/itut$ a j\rnal :i* took t side4 ,he wrote also a ,hi/ory ( ! ,fr5* ,revolution1 d$icat$ to ,la ,fayette1 ) :om he 0 intimately acqua9t$2 & ! views he developes are mod]ate & rational4 ,he 0 naturally eloqu5t1 & 8 mann]s 7 agreeable1 :ile he jo9$ to ^! fasc9at+ qualities ! m solid ones ( indu/ry1 intellig5ce1 & boldness1 s t he acquir$ ! confid5ce & fri5d%ip ( sev]al ( ! ,girondi/ lead]s4 ,g5]al ,dem\ri] nam$ him secret>y to ! embassy at ,naples2 & :ile !re he visit$ ,rome1 = ! purpose ( secretly propagat+ revolution>y doctr9es4 ,?is imprud5ce co/ him 8 life4 ,on ! night ( ! #ac? ( ,janu>y1 #agic1 he 0 assail$ by ! populace1 & receiv$ a /ab1 ( :i* he di$ ?irty-f\r h\rs aft]4 ,9 8 la/ mom5ts1 x is said t he 0 induc$ to reg>d 8 conduct1 9 endeav\r+ to raise s$ition aga9/ ! pope1 z crim9al1 & to h exclaim$ sev]al times t he di$ ! victim ( folly4 ,monti1 :o liv$ 9 ! s]vice ( ! pope's nephew1 & 0 ?us atta*$ to ! papal c\rt1 & )\t t ard\r = lib]ty :i* is s natural to _m he>ts1 & :i* appe>s at once s5seless & ev5 wick$ to ^? :o d n feel indep5d5ce ( ?\ght to be ! greate/ ( human bless+s1 ( c\rse look$ on ! ,fr5* revolution z a s]ies ( crimes1 & saw no r$eem+ good 9 ! madness t urg$ a :ole nation to s t]rific a mixture ( h]oism & guilt4 ,he 0 acqua9t$ ) ,basseville1 &1 he>+ ! recantations ( 8 dy+ mom5ts1 celebrat$ at once ! rep5tance ( 8 fri5d1 & ! awful trag$y act$ almo/ at ! same mom5t 7,l\is ,,xvi4 0 behead$ on ! #ai? ( ,janu>y1 #agic71 9 a poem entitl$ ! ,basvilliana4 ,9 ?is he feigns t ! great enemy ( mank9d cont5d$ ) ! angel ( ,god = ! s\l ( ! murd]$ man4 ,8 dea?-b$ remorse caus$ ! good _s to rema9 triumphant2 b z ! crime-ta9t$ s\l c\ld n1 accord+ to ! t5ets ( ,ca?olicism1 be receiv$ at once into ,p>adise1 ! disembodi$ _s ( ,basseville 0 condemn$ to visit once m ! banks ( ! ,se9e1 & to view ! horrors !re p]petrat$1 z ! consequ5ce ( 8 guilty & impracticable !ories4 ,! imag9ation ( ,monti develop$ itself 9 ! happie/ mann] 9 treat+ ?is !me2 & ! m+l$ emotions ( horror & grief t p]vade ! poem take a %ape at once sublime & pa!tic4 ,! s\l ( ,basseville hov]s ov] ,p>is at ! mom5t t ,l\is ,,xvi4 loses 8 head by ! guillot9e4 ,! imag]y ) :i* he adorns ! sc5e is orig9al & maje/ic4 ,f\r mighty %ad[s ru% on ! scaffold1 & hov] ov] ! dy+ mon>*2 %ad[s ( =m] regicides1 :o glory 9 ! companion%ip ( crime4 ,ravaillac1 ,ank]/rom1 ,dami5s1 & "o 7! execution] ( our ,*>les ,i47 :o veils 8 face ) 8 h&1 pr\dly assi/ 9 giv+ ! fatal bl[4 ,l\is dies1 & be=e 8 beatifi$ gho/ ,basseville pro/rates himself2 b 8 p5ance is n got ov]1 & he is =c$ to view o!r sc5es ( great] blood%$ & m frightful viol5ce2 b z ! poem ent]s ^u ^!1 x breaks (f abruptly1 & is left unf9i%$4 ,! /yle ( ?is poem does n resemble mod]n ,italian poetry1 b is modell$ on t ( ,dante2 s fai?fully modell$1 t _m expressions1 ideas1 & ev5 :ole l9es are1 z x 71 transfus$1 into ,monti's v]ses4 ,x is a s+ul> fact t no poet 0 ev] a great] plagi>i/ ?an ! au?or ( ! ,basvilliana2 b ! v]ses ( o!rs1 :i* he ?us employs1 are fram$1 z x 71 s magnific5tly by orig9al ones1 & are plac$ ) su* propriety1 & ackn[l$g$ ) su* frankness1 t1 z an ,engli% au?or obs]ves1 s f> f accus+ him ( plagi>ism1 we are agreeably surpris$ by ! new aspect :i* he gives to beauties already famili> to e read]4 ,& ?us transfusion expresses 8 imitations bett] ?an ! ^w borr[+3 = ?\gh ! =m ( expression is ! same1 a new s\l & a new s5se--n bett]1 c]ta9ly1 b diff]5t f _! =m] "o--are brea!d into !m4 ,9 "s sort ,dante & ,monti resembl$ ea* o!r 9 ! ca/ ( _! ideas4 ,!y 7 bo? pa9t]s ( ! m9d's images4 ,dante 0 ! m fai?ful1 delicate1 & he>tfelt2 b !re is a %ad[y gr&eur jo9$ to a p]fection ( ta/e & fire ( s5tim5t 9 ,monti1 :i* r5d]s 8 poetry highly fasc9at+ & beautiful4 ,! ,basvilliana at once rais$ ,monti's reputation high] ?an t ( any poet :o _h = c5turies appe>$ 9 ,italy2 & he might h be5 consid]$ ! laureate ( royalty1 b t 8 "* 0 n adorn$ by t s9c]e & exalt$ en?usiasm1 )\t :i* no man c1 ) any success1 advocate any cause :i* embraces ! int]e/s ( human nature4 ,! tide ( ,fr5* republicanism1 *eck$ a little 9 its fir/ advances1 n[ swell$ by ,bonap>te's victories1 ov]fl[$ ! ,alps & delug$ ,italy4 ,! ,au/rians1 defeat$ at ,mont5otte1 ,lodi1 & ,arcoli1 7 driv5 f ,lomb>dy3 & ! ,italians hop$ to ex*ange s]vitude to a =eign p[] = national indep5d5ce2 =gett+ t lib]ty1 :5 giv51 may also be )drawn1 & t x is only by =ce t any real fre$om c be acquir$4 ,:ile resi/ance 0 made to ! ,fr5* arms1 ! requisitions ( ! victor1 & ! seizure ( ! f9e/ works ( art1 might h op5$ _! eyes to ! real views ( _! soi-disant deliv]]s4 ,napoleon himself _h b "o idea ) reg>d to lib]ty1 :i* 0 a free scope to ! ex]cise ( 8 own w4 ,:5 t 0 giv5 him1 he c\ld be g5]\s1 magnific5t1 & useful2 b :5 8 measures 7 ob/ruct$1 no tyrant ev] exce$$ him 9 ! comb9ations ( a despotism :i* at once cru%$ a nation1 & bore d[n ) an iron h& e individual t compos$ x4 ,bonap>te's ambition1 h[ev]1 c\ld only be gratifi$ 9 ,france1 & ! conque/ ( ,italy 0 b ! /epp+-/one to ! ,fr5* empire4 ,/ill1 :5 all ! nor? ( ! p59sula 0 subject$ to him1 :5 ! pope _h submitt$ to 8 t]ms1 & ! haughty que5 ( ,naples _h be5 induc$ to ent] into a treaty ) h] si/]'s de/roy]s1 he c\ld no long] ) any grace refuse ! %[s ( fre$om s (t5 promis$4 ,on ! #c;d ( ,janu>y1 #agig1 ! ,cisalp9e republic 0 erect$4 ,monti _h be5 be=e invit$ to accept a pr(essor's *air 9 ! univ]sity ( ,pavia1 :i* he _h refus$4 ,9 ! mon? ( ,febru>y #agig1 g5]al ,m>mont 0 s5t to ,rome on occasion ( ! treaty ( ,tol5t9o1 to c>ry lett]s f ,bonap>te to ! pope4 ,monti became acqua9t$ ) him2 be+ !n 9 a bad /ate ( heal?1 & advis$ to *ange ! air ( ,rome = t ( ,tuscany1 he accept$ ,m>mont's invitation1 :o (f]$ him a seat 9 8 c>riage1 & proce$$ to ,flor5ce4 ,x may be imag9$1 t famili> int]c\rse ) "o ( ,napoleon's g5]als 0 ! f\ndation ( ,monti's admiration = ! ,fr5* h]o1 & ! cause ( 8 op5+ 8 eyes to ! good to be d]iv$ f adh]+ to ! new ord] ( ?+s 9 8 native c\ntry4 ,at fir/ he ent]ta9$ ! delusive hope t ! bless+ ( lib]ty _h really be5 conf]r$ on ,italy by ! ,fr5* arms1 & t 8 c\ntrym5 w\ld rise f *a9s & slav]y to ! enjoym5t ( national indep5d5ce "u national in/itutions2 & yet ! extravagant praise ( ,napoleon1 :i* he indulges 91 9 all 8 poems writt5 at ?is "t1 does n be> ! m>ks ( a s9c]e patriotism4 ,besides ?is1 he _h to /ruggle ) _m p]sonal mortifications4 ,! ,basvilliana 0 n =gott54 ,fr5* exactions & ,fr5* assumptions _h already ali5at$ ! m9ds ( ! noble born among ! ,italians4 ,!y fe>$ ! conqu]or1 b disda9$ ! masqu]ade ( lib]ty 9 :i* !y 7 invit$ to play a "p3 ?us ! bett] classes %runk f =m+ a "p ( ! new gov]nm5ts1 & ! (fices devolv$ ^u m5 :o _h little to lose ei!r 9 possessions or "*4 ,!y reg>d$ ,monti ) envy & av]sion1 &1 in/ead ( receiv+ him z a conv]t ) op5 arms1 8 sup]ior claims z a man ( tal5t caus$ !m to p]secute him z an int]lop] & almo/ z a spy4 ,! heads ( ! gov]nm5t1 inde$1 at fir/ fav\r$ him3 he 0 invit$ to ,milan1 & elect$ c5tral secret>y ( =eign affairs2 b he 0 soon di/urb$ by p]secutions4 ,my arrival1 he writes sev]al ye>s aft]w>ds1 0 hail$ by ! usual abuse ( ! republican j\rnals1 :o c5sur$ ! directory = employ+ an enemy ( ! republic4 ,i lov$ lib]ty2 b ! object ( my love 0 ! fre$om describ$ 9 ! writ+s ( ,cic]o & ,plut>*3 t :i* 0 ador$ on ! alt>s ( ,milan appe>$ to me a pro/itute1 & ,i refus$ to wor%ip h]4 ,h5ce my excommunication1--h5ce ! public burn+ ( ! ',basvilliana4' ,on ?is ,i 0 oblig$ to pro/rate myself be=e ! idol4 ,i sang h] virtues1 & became a revolution>y poet3 ,i grew insane ) ! re/1 & my conv]sion procur$ me patronage & grace4 ,x 0 n )\t a /ruggle t he /oop$ to ^! abject submissions1 & sev]al ev5ts fir/ int]v5$4 ,! hatr$ ( ! democrats1 !n ! rul]s ( ! ,cisalp9e republic1 caus$ !m to pass a law :i* decre$ t no "o %\ld be p]mitt$ to hold any public employm5t :o1 s9ce ! ye> #a ( ! ,fr5* republic1 _h publi%$ any books t5d+ to ?r[ odium on democracy4 ,monti's poem 0 ! pr9cipal object ( ?is law2 & "o ( 8 adv]s>ies exclaim$1 ,let u get rid1 n ( ! au?or ( "s fooli% sonnet 9 praise ( k+s1 b ( ^? :o1 ) p[]ful en?usiasm & ,dantesque imag9ation1 h inspir$ a hatr$ = democracy4 ,?is law be+ pass$1 ,monti lo/ 8 situation4 ,he _h publi%$ o!r poems s9ce ! ,basvilliana2 b ev5 ^! 7 n consid]$ suffici5tly democratic4 ,! ,musogonia1 or ,bir? ( ! ,muses1 is almo/ entirely my?ological2 b1 9 ! conclud+ v]ses1 he apo/rophises ,bonap>te4 ,he implores him to be at once ! ,alex&] & ,numa ( ,italy3 he besee*es him to be/[ laws ^u h]1 & to unite h] scatt]$ memb]s2 &1 ) a noble voice1 he calls ^u ! ,italians to cultivate concord & unanimity4 ,bro!rs6 he exclaims1 be> ! voice ( y\r bro!r6 ,:at d y hope f divid$ op9ions & c\nsels8 ,ah1 let !re be 9 our c\ntry1 9 its dang]1 "o m9d1 "o c\rage1 "o s\l1 "o life6 ,! republicans p]ceiv$ a hank]+ = royalty & tyranny 9 8 dislike ( _! measures4 ,! ,prometeo is a f9] poem1 or r fragm5t1 = b few ( ! cantos are writt54 ,! subject ( x is ! hi/ory ( ,prome!us2 b we h only a small portion ( x 9 ! poem z x /&s4 ,x op5s ) ! fooli% act ( ,epimetus4 ,jupit] _h s5t to him a casket conta9+ ! v>i\s intellectual attributes & moral qualities1 to be di/ribut$ among ! new creation on e>?4 ,epimetus beg9s by be/[+ v>i\s qualities on animals1 & is s prodigal ( 8 gifts1 t :5 he comes to man he f9ds ! casket empty4 ,on ?is1 he has rec\rse to 8 wis] bro!r ,prome!us1 :o reprim&s him = 8 folly4 ,?is op5+ is ! weak] "p ( ! poem4 ,lyrical outbur/s 7 m accordant to ,monti's g5ius4 ,! appe>ance ( ,con/ancy be=e ,prome!us is sublime1 & ! h]o's prophecy ( ! future /ate ( man is full ( fire & gr&eur4 ,x ends1 h[ev]1 by a prophecy ( ,napoleon1 on :om is heap$ e epi!t t admiration or adulation c\ld sugge/4 ,jupit] gives him 8 lightn+1 :i* loses none ( its t]rors 9 ! "y h]o's h&s4 ,he %akes ! bolts ov] ,g]many1 & ! ,rhetian ,alps res\nd ) ! ho(s ( ! ,gallic cavalry4 ,"o aft] ! o!r1 ,prome!us celebrates ! glori\s victories a*iev$ 9 ,italy1 & hails ) en?usiasm ,fr5* ,lib]ty1 z ! "m ( h]oes :o %iv] ! *a9s t b\nd ,ausonia1 & wipe ! te>s f univ]sal ,europe--ob/ruct$ 9 its b5efic5t c>e] only by ! ,engli% robb]4 ,bonap>te mu/ h exult$ 9 ! bitt] & v5om\s abuse t ,monti nev] fails to heap ^u ,engl&4 ,he tells u1 9 ! preface to ?is poem1 t its scope is to br+ into fav\r ! neglect$ lit]ature ( ,greece & ,rome1 & to m]it well f a free c\ntry by speak+ 9 ! acc5ts ( fre$om4 ,!re is some?+ 9 ! applause heap$ on ! conqu]or t j>s ) our notions ( real indep5d5ce & patriotism4 ,monti1 at ?is "t1 ent]ta9$ ! idea ( return+ to republicanis$ ,rome4 ,b 8 fri5ds dissuad$ him2 & 8 reputation1 & probably 8 adulation ( ! victor1 caus$ him soon aft] to be nam$ commiss>y ( ! prov9ce ( ! ,rubicon4 ,b a poet makes a bad politician2 & ,monti's integrity /ood 9 ! way ( 8 success1 & he 0 oblig$ to give up 8 (fice4 ,he made _m enemies1 &1 naturally timid & fe>ful = ! welf>e ( 8 family1 he 0 t]rifi$ into mak+ a complete am5de to ! democrats ( 8 c\ntry by writ+ odes1 ^: viol5t s5tim5ts w5t beyond ^? ( ! mo/ furi\s demagogues3 & x is to ^! poems t he alludes :5 he speaks ( ! wor%ip he 0 =c$ to pay to ! mock]y ( lib]ty2 & ev] aft] he regrett$ 8 pusillanimity1 & despis$ himself = 8 concessions4 ,at ! "t !y ga9$ ?is po9t1 8 enemies 7 pacifi$2 & ! survivor%ip ( ! pr(essor's *air ( belles lettres 9 ,br]a1 !n occupi$ by ,p>9i1 0 be/[$ on him4 ,b sc>cely _h he ov]come ! enmity ( ! fri5ds ( lib]ty & equality1 ?an _! /> 0 eclips$1 & _! reign came to an end4 ,sid5ote3 #agii4 tat4 #de4 ,dur+ ! abs5ce ( ,bonap>te 9 ,egypt1 ,suv>(f & ! ,au/rians cross$ ! ,alps1 & ! ,fr5* 7 driv5 f ,italy4 ,h] republics vani%$ l a =gott5 dream2 & _! p>tisans1 ,monti among !m1 7 =c$ to foll[ ! retreat+ army ( ,france1 & to take refuge beyond ! ,alps4 ,monti fell into a /ate ( deplorable de/itution4 ,he _h left 8 wife & "y daught] 9 ,italy1 & he roam$ alone & fri5dless among ! m\nta9s ( ,savoy4 ,8 suff]+s dur+ ! brief p]iod ( 8 exile 7 frightful4 ,he w&]$ ab\t1 subsi/+ on ! fruit he pick$ up "u ! trees4 ,(t5 seat$ on ! rugg$ banks ( a torr5t1 he satisfi$ 8 hung] ) roots & nuts1 & wept z he ?\ght ( ,italy & 8 ru9$ =tunes4 ,! b5evol5ce ( 8 he>t manife/$ itself 9 ! mid/ ( ?is adv]sity4 ,x is relat$ ( him1 t1 z he 0 w&]+ "o ev5+ 9 a n>r[ lane1 ne> ,*amb]i1 a /rang] acco/$ him & ask$ *>ity1 relat+ t he _h a sick "m & five *ildr54 ,monti's he>t 0 mov$3 two sequ9s 0 all t he possess$ 9 ! _w2 he gave "o ( !m to ! suppliant4 ,8 heal? fail$ ?r\gh ! h>d%ips t he endur$2 ! lab\r ( collect+ 8 food became intol]able1 & he =c$ himself to ga!r at "o "t suffici5t = two days1 s z to secure himself "o ( un9t]rupt$ re/4 ,8 wife1 :o _h rema9$ to put _! affairs 9 "s ord]1 n[ jo9$ him4 ,%e f\nd him /ret*$ on a wret*$ b$1 weak f inanition1 b disda9+ to apply to any "o = relief 9 8 ne$4 ,%e br\ght money ) h]1 & prop] food soon re/or$ 8 /r5g?2 nor did he aga9 fall into su* an extremity ( disa/]1 ?\gh x 0 long be=e ! fickle goddess smil$ ^u him4 ,! m9i/]1 ,m>es*al*i1 invit$ him to ,p>is2 & ! new victories ( ,bonap>te 9 ,italy1 on 8 return f ,egypt 9 ! foll[+ ye>1 reviv$ 8 hopes ( bett] times4 ,m>es*al*i obta9$ t he %\ld be employ$ to write a hymn & an ode 9 celebration ( ! victory ( ,m>5go1 :i* _h driv5 ! allies f ,italy & re/or$ x to ! ,fr5*4 ,he 0 to h be5 paid #aejj francs = ^! two poems1 ) ! fur!r rew>d ( ! pr(essor%ip ( ,italian lit]ature 9 ! ,fr5* univ]sity4 ,b =tune 0 n we>y ( p]secut+ him2 & ?is remun]ation 0 )held1 on its be+ repres5t$ to gov]nm5t t he 01 at he>t1 inimical to ! ,fr5*4 ,m>es*al*i cont9u$ to befri5d him1 & obta9$ #ejj francs1 or ab\t #bjl4 ,no small relief to me1 he writes1 9 my necessit\s circum/ances4 ,he 0 v eag] to return to ,italy1 & he writes to 8 bro!r1--,( ! _m ?\s& refugees :o 7 "h1 almo/ all h return$ to _! c\ntry1 because all h in/antly receiv$ ! necess>y succ\r f home4 ,i alone f9d myself ab&on$ by my relations1 9 a /range c\ntry1 )\t fri5ds1 & )\t res\rces2 unless1 inde$1 ,i c make up my m9d to r5\nce my c\ntry = ! sake ( e>n+ my bread 9 "s (fice4 ,b an irresi/ible s5tim5t is l9k$ to ! "n ( my native l&4 ,i possess 9 ,italy ! objects de>e/ to my he>t--my *ild1 my "m1 bro!rs1 fri5ds1 /udies1 habits2 all1 9 %ort1 t r5d]s life de>4 ,i pant1 !re=e1 to return2 & ,i implore y to s5d me assi/ance 9 ! %ape ( a remittance = my j\rney1 & to dis*>ge my debts "h4 ,e delay injures my int]e/s1 p>ticul>ly at ?is mom5t4 ,direct to ',citiz5 ,v9c5zo ,monti1 ,po/-(fice1 ,p>is4' ,i %all c\nt ! days & mom5ts--make my acc\nt %ort1 if my happ9ess is de> to y4 ,soon aft] 8 wi%es 7 fulfill$1 & he celebrates 8 return to 8 belov$ ,italy by a beautiful hymn1 :i* beg9s-- ,bella ,italia1 amate sponde1 ,pur vi torno a riv$]1 ,trema il petto1 e si confonde ,l' alma oppressa di piac]4 ,he does n =get ! victor 9 ?is song ( joy & triumph4 ,m>5go is m5tion$ ) exultation2 & ,bonap>te celebrat$ ) en?usiasm1 z lib]at+ ,italy f ! b>b>ians1 & aga9 be/[+ ^u h] ! bless+s ( fre$om4 ,on 8 arrival at ,milan1 ,monti employ$ himself 9 correct+ 8 poem1 entitl$ ! ,mas*]oniana1 :i* he _h begun amid/ ! ,alps1 :5 ov]:elm$ by mis]y1 an exile1 weep+ ov] ! disa/]s ( 8 c\ntry & 8 own wrongs4 ,lor5zo ,mas*]oni1 a celebrat$ ma!matician z well z an elegant poet1 0 =c$ to quit ,italy at ! same "t z ,monti1 & di$ 9 ,france %ortly aft]4 ,9 ?is poem ! poet v5ts all 8 sple5 aga9/ 8 democratic enemies4 ,9 8 preface he exclaims1 ,read]1 if y really love y\r c\ntry1 & are a true ,italian1 read6 b ?r[ aside ! book if1 = y\r & our mis=tune1 y are an insane demagogue1 or a cunn+ traffick] 9 ! cause ( lib]ty4 ,! poem op5s ) ! dea? ( ,mas*]oni1 & ! asc5t ( 8 s\l to heav54 ,he "h meets ,p>9i1 :o lam5ts ! unhappy condition ( ,italy4 ,:5 ,i saw h] mis]y1 he cries1 ,i desir$ to die1 & my wi% 0 fulfill$4 ,i fir/ beheld h] woe :5 dress$ 9 h] new fre$om1 :i* 0 call$ lib]ty1 b :i*1 9 tru?1 0 rap9e4 ,i !n beheld h] a slave1 alas6 a despis$ slave1 cov]$ ) w\nds & blood1 compla9+ to heav5 t %e 0 betray$ by h] own *ildr5--by ! _m fooli%1 base1 & p]v]se tyrants1 n citiz5s2 :ile ! few rema9$ mute or 7 de/roy$4 ,iniquit\s law's 7 giv5 h]2 discord wait$ on h]1 & pride1 & hate1 & madness1 ignorance & error2 :ile ! te>s & sighs ( ! p rema9$ unhe>d4 ,o1 wret*es6 :o spoke ( virtue 9 high-s\nd+ words1 & call$ !mselves ,brutus & ,grac*us1 :ile !y prov$ !mselves traitors & mon/]s4 ,b %ort-liv$ 0 _! joy4 ,i saw ! ,russian & ! ,au/rian swords de/roy ! hopes ( ! fields ( ,italy1 & ! arm$ p commit crimes exce$+ ! supp] ( ,atreus & ! v5geance ( ,!seus6 ,:ile ,p>9i is ?us p\r+ out 8 angry & bitt] d5unciations1 ,mas*]oni int]rupts him4 ,peace1 au/]e _s6 he exclaims1 y\r c\ntry is aga9 sav$4 ,a deity has caught h] by ! hair1 & drawn h] f ! abyss3 ,bonap>te6 ,at ?is "n1 ! fr[n+ ,p>9i raises 8 head1 & a smile illum9ates 8 c\nt5ance4 ,! victories ( ,egypt1 ( ,m>5go1 & ,hoh5l9d51 are commemorat$2 & ! ,briti% felon assail$ ) ! usual viol5ce ( hate4 ,9 ! mid/ ( ! conv]sation ( ! fri5ds1 ,god appe>s ) 8 *]ubim1--"o ! h]ald ( peace & p>don1 ! o!r ( w> & v5geance3 !y are s5t out on ! e>? to assi/ & wait on ! ,gallic h]o4 ,?is poem1 l s _m o!rs ( ,monti1 :i* celebrat$ :at 0 !n ! pres5t1 & is !re=e truncat$ ( its cata/rophe1 is a fragm5t4 ,su* praise1 dress$ 9 all ! magnific5ce ( poetry1 mu/ h s\nd$ sweetly 9 ,napoleon's e>4 ,! ,mas*]oniana1 ^: *ief object is to be/[ on him new wrea?s ( victory1 is "o ( ,monti's f9e/ compositions4 ,x is full ( /r5g?1 vehem5ce1 & beauty4 ,8 imitation ( ,dante is ev5 m app>5t ?an 9 ! ,basvilliana4 ,! ma*9]y ( ! poem1 & ! peculi> v]sification1 are borr[$ f ! ,div9a ,comm$ia4 ,b1 z we h be=e obs]v$1 ,monti's 0 too orig9al a m9d to be a plagi>i/4 ,:at he took f ano!r1 he rem\ld$ & br\ght =? 9 a new =m1 9 fre% & brilliant hues1 all 8 own4 ,he has n ! sublimity1 ! sweetness & pa?os1 nor ! di/9ct yet delicate pa9t+1 ( 8 prototype2 b no "o c read 8 v]ses )\t feel+ t ! true _s ( poetry brea!s 9 e l9e1 & t ! au?or p\rs out ! ov]fl[+s ( a g5u9e & rapt inspiration4 ,8 ?ird trag$y ( ,caius ,grac*us _h be5 writt5 at ,p>is1 & he occupi$ himself 9 f9i%+ & correct+ x on 8 return to ,milan4 ,?is trag$y has be5 prais$ by "s z sup]ior to ,ari/odemo1 b x is difficult to co9cide 9 ?is op9ion4 ,x possesses f9e passages & "s en]gy1 b x is want+ 9 poetry2 & ! *>act]s want ! simple h]oism ( antiquity1 & resemble r viol5t ,italians ( mod]n days4 ,! defects ( monoton\s dialogue & (t5 repeat$ situations fl[ also f an obs]vation ( ! unities1 :i*1 by conf9+ ! subject 9 n>r[ limits1 p]mit no v>iety ( action1 &1 except 9 peculi> in/ances1 =ce ! poet to repeat himself2 mak+ "o sc5e frequ5tly little else ?an a repetition ( :at _h gone be=e4 ,monti _h begun 8 lit]>y & poetic life by s]vitude1 :5 he became secret>y ( ! duke ( ,bras*i4 ,9 8 pres5t desp]ate circum/ances he saw no hope1 except 9 conciliat+ ! rul+ p[] ( ! cont95t1 & ent]+ on ! s]vice ( ! man :o look$ on all m5 z m]ely eng9es to fulfil 8 va/ & illimitable projects4 ,sid5ote3 #ahjb4 tat4 #dh4 ,napoleon _h by fre% victories driv5 ! ,au/rians f ,italy2 & a congress1 call$ ! ,cisalp9e1 0 held at ,lyons1 to fix on a =m ( gov]nm5t = ! nor? ( ! p59sula4 ,?is 0 a k9d ( mock]y t ,bonap>te 0 fond ( enc\rag+ 9 ! e>ly days ( 8 elevation1 s9ce1 "u "s ( ! =ms ( popul> election1 new p[]s 71 ) a %[ ( legality1 be/[$ on him4 ,! ,italians ( ! congress fix$ on a plan ( gov]nm5t1 at ! head ( :i* 0 to be a presid5t3 !y entreat$ ,napoleon to accept ?is (fice1 z ! disunit$ /ate ( ! c\ntry r5d]$ ii unadvisable to elect an ,italian to x4 ,napoleon cons5t$4 ,?is 0 a happy mom5t to br+ himself be=e ! supreme p[]1 & ,monti seiz$ on x4 ,he wrote an ode to ,bonap>te1 9 ! "n ( ! ,cisalp9e congress2 he *ose ! motto f ,virgil1 & x 0 a happy "o1-- ,victorque vol5tes ,p] populos dat jura4 ,! v]ses are v beautiful1 & wor?y ( a bett] cause ?an lay+ ! lib]ties ( 8 c\ntry pro/rate at ! fir/ consul's feet4 ,/ill ,monti 0 aw>e t1 degrad$ by long s]vitude & disunit$ by petty passions1 ! ,italians 7 ignorant ( ! nature ( true lib]ty4 ,he saw p>ty _s1 oppression1 & rap9e z ! result ( any attempt on ! "p ( 8 c\ntrym5 to gov]n !mselves2 he knew also h[ va9 x 0 to cont5d ) ! conqu]or1 & he 0 v probably s9c]e 9 8 belief t ! welf>e ( 8 c\ntry 0 safe/ 9 8 h&s4 ,/ill1 :ile we admire ! h>mony ( ! v]ses & ! beauty ( ! imag]y1 we rep9e at ! slavi% _s t lurks )9 !m4 ,bonap>te1 :o lov$ to be borne up by ! w+s ( m5's imag9ations into a sup]ior sph]e ( glory & success1 mu/ h be5 pleas$ by ! halo ( poetry ) :i* ,monti /oop$ to adorn 8 "n4 ,he did n g unrew>d$4 ,:5 peace 0 re/or$ to ,italy1 ! in/itutions = public education became objects ( int]e/ to ! gov]nm5t2 & a pr(essor%ip 0 (f]$ ,monti2 ei!r at ,milan or ,pavia1 at 8 *oice4 ,monti pref]r$ ! latt]1 = ! sake ( enjoy+ ! society ( ! able pr(essors :o fill$ ! *airs ( t univ]sity4 ,he 0 dilig5t & consci5ti\s 9 8 att5dance to ! duties ( 8 situation1 & 8 lectures 7 fully att5d$3 ! be/ ( 8 prose writ+s be+ 8 inauguration lecture1 :i* _h = its subject ! praise ( ! lit]>y m5 ( ,italy1 & ! claim+ = !m ! m]it ( _m discov]ies usually attribut$ to ! natives ( o!r c\ntries4 ,aft] ?ree ye>s sp5t at ,pavia1 he 0 invit$ by ! gov]nor to ,milan1 & a numb] ( (fices & hon\rs 7 be/[$ on him4 ,he 0 made assessor to ! m9i/] ( ! int]ior = ! dep>tm5t ( lit]ature & ! f9e arts2 he 0 nam$ c\rt poet & hi/oriograph]1 & made cavali] ( ! iron cr[n1 memb] ( ! in/itute1 & ( ! legion ( hon\r4 ,monti 0 no lagg>d 9 fulfill+ ! duties ( ! fir/ ( ^! places4 ,he wrote a v>iety ( poems 9 praise ( ,napoleon1 & 9 celebration ( 8 victories4 ,9 ! ,b>d1 a fictiti\s p]sonage1 ,ull9o1 att5d$ by ! maid5 ,malv9a1 :ile wat*+ ) en?usia/ic admiration ! advance ( ! ,fr5* arms1 falls 9 ) a "y w\nd$ w>rior2 !y1 ( c\rse1 take him home1 & wat* ov] 8 recov]y1 :5 he relates1 at _! reque/1 ! ev5ts ( ! exp$ition to ,egypt & ! battles t illu/rat$ ,napoleon's return to ,europe4 ,!re is ! m]it ( en?usiasm & gl[+ description 9 portions ( ?is poem4 ,! canto on ! exp$ition to ,egypt conta9s ! be/ passages4 ,sid5ote3 #ahje4 tat4 #ea4 ,:5 ,napoleon 0 cr[n$ k+ ( ,italy1 ,monti 0 comm&$ to celebrate ! ev5t4 ,he writes to ,ces>otti1--,:ile y are rob+ ! magnific5t sple5 ( ,juv5al 9 beautiful & dignifi$ ,italian1 ,i am s\nd+ ! ,p9d>ic h>p = ! emp]or ,napoleon4 ,! gov]nm5t has comm&$ me1 & ,i mu/ obey4 ,i hope t love ( my c\ntry w n make my ?\ghts too free2 & t ,i may respect ! h]o1 )\t betray+ my duty z a citiz54 ,i am 9 a pa? :]e ! wi%es ( ! nation d n accord ) its political necessities1 & ,i fe> to lose myself4 ,/4 ,apollo help me6 & d y pray t ,i may be end[$ ) sagacity & prud5ce4 ,?is poem1 9 :i* he tries to trim 8 sail s nicely betwe5 patriotism & s]vitude1 is call$ ,il ,b5ificio2 or ,! ,b5efaction1 a vision4 ,x has great m]it4 ,all t ,monti ev] wrote is grac$ ) su* a happy fl[1 & ) s mu* beauty ( imag]y & expression1 t x is impossible n to admire z we read4 ,he describes ,italy z appe>+ to him 9 a vision2 %e is p]sonifi$ by a woman1 w\nd$ & droop+1 ! victim ( grief & slav]y4 ,! poet1 /ruck ) compassion & horror1 evokes ! %ades ( mighty ,romans f _! tombs to assi/ ! degrad$ que5 ( ! _w2 b !y turn 9 scorn f ! fall5 & lo/ "o4 ,!n a w>rior1 godlike & maje/ic1 desc5ds f ! ,alps1--,victory att5ds him1--yet he disreg>ds h]1 & pref]s ! olive to ! laurel 7a mo/ un=tunate complim5t to a man ^: :ole s\l 0 w>74 ,he approa*es ! un=tunate pro/rate be+1--raises h]1 & bids h] reign2 nor c\ld ! livid gl>e ca/ by ! ,briti% cannon ov] ! ,tyrrh5e sea avail aga9/ him4 ,! w>rior smiles1 & at 8 smile all dang] vani%es4 ,!n ! au/]e & noble _s ( ,dante arises & apo/rophises ,italy1 tell+ h] t ! regal p[] ( ,napoleon 0 exactly ! re/ra9t & law he _h wi%$ h] to fall "u2 &1 tak+ ! cr[n f h] head1 places x on t ( ! ,fr5* emp]or4 ,spa9 salutes ! new diadem4 ,! ,g]man1 /ill crimson ) 8 own blood1 ackn[l$ges ! victor1 & b5ds 8 eyes to e>?2 :ile ! ,briti% pirate1 p[]ful 9 fleets & fraud1 curses al\d4 ,i s5d y a copy ( ! ,vision1 ,monti writes to a fri5d1 :i* ,i h writt5 = ! coronation ( our k+3 x has succe$$ p]fectly1 & no "w ( m9e1 s9ce ,i began to write v]ses1 has prosp]$ s well4 ,x is impossible n to congratulate him on 8 success 9 atta9+ prud5ce4 ,assur$ly !re 0 no?+ too free 9 ^! v]ses2 & ,napoleon might accept !m )\t an unpleasant ?\ght be+ awak5$ z to 8 usurpation1 tyranny1 & rapaci\s1 unb\nd$ ambition4 ,e fre% victory1 e new conque/1 0 a !me = ! v5al muse ( ,monti2 v5al we h a "r to call x1 s9ce he ackn[l$ges ! bond ( a sal>y & ! necessity ( ob$i5ce4 ,?us1 on occasion ( ! battle ( ,j5a1 he br\ght out ! ,spada di ,f$]ico2 or1 ! ,sword ( ,fr$]ic1--! mo/ popul> ( 8 odes ( triumph4 ,9 ?is poem he images ! spectral h& ( ! w>rior k+ ( ,prussia disput+ ) ,napoleon ! possession ( 8 sword1 & yield+ to ! pr\d assumptions & t5aci\s grasp ( ! ,gallic victor4 ,t5 editions ( ?is "w 7 sold 9 ! space ( five mon?s1 & x 0 translat$ into ! ,fr5* & ,lat9 languages4 ,! attempt$ usurpation ( ! ,spani% ?rone did n g uncelebrat$4 ,! ,pal+5esi has = its subject ! reg5]ation ( m9d & ( political in/itutions wr\ght 9 ,spa91 "u ! auspices ( ! ,fr5* emp]or & 8 bro!r ,joseph4 ,if we c\ld dismiss f our m9ds ! tru?1 & fancy1 z ,monti assumes1 t a great & g5]\s nation _h sunk into ! dep?s ( slav]y & degradation ?r\gh ! evil influ5ce ( a corrupt gov]nm5t1 & t ,napoleon 0 b5t on loos5+ its fett]s & rais+ x to fre$om & k1 x w\ld be impossible n to be fill$ ) en?usiasm by ! noble ideas & gr& imag]y ( ?is poem4 ,b ! ta9t ( falsehood prev5ts any sympa?y1 & our admiration ( ! imag9ation display$ is *eck$ by our contempt ( ! flatt]]2 :ile we smile at ! bitt] & viol5t curses p\r$ ^u ! ,engli%1 ^: motives = assi/+ ! ,spani>ds 9 resi/+ ! ,fr5* are pa9t$ 9 ! mo/ odi\s col\rs4 ,we wond] z we read4 ,!re is fire1 sublimity1 & p[] 9 e l9e4 ,c ^! be inspir$1 z we are assur$ by ,monti's fri5ds1 by ! m]e desire ( acquir+ ! loaves & fi%es1 if n = himself individually1 = 8 wife & daught]8 ,are ! %ad[y =ms :i* he inve/s ) s mu* beauty--! conceptions into :i* he infuses s mu* en]gy & seem+ s9c]ity--! m]e play?+s ( 8 ?\ght1 & n ! g5u9e (fspr+ ( a m9d teem+ & ov]fl[+ ) a s5se ( usefulness & tru?8 ,we _c believe x2 we are s apt to =get :at our feel+s 7 :5 ! occasion t call$ !m =? has vani%$ l morn+ mi/4 ,:5 ,napoleon fell1 m5 =got ! wond] & admiration ) :i* !y _h reg>d$ him dur+ 8 prosp]ity4 ,he _h come on ! "t-worn _w l an inc>nation ( ! memories ( antiquity4 ,! greate/ sov]eigns1 :o trac$ _! desc5t f ! middle ages--! ?rones ( ! _w1 s long ! objects ( wor%ip & fe>--! cr[ns & sceptres :i* _h be5 look$ ^u z ! sacr$ & inviolable symbols ( div9e "r--7 all at 8 feet1 disposse/1 transf]r$1 & brok54 ,x c\ld be no wond] t m5 look$ ^u ! cause ( ^! ?+s z some?+ prodigi\s & sup]human4 ,monti may be excus$ t he jo9$ 9 ! common feel+ ( awe & admiration2 :ile1 aft]w>ds1 see+ h[ little good arose f ! break+ up ( ! anci5t tyrannies1 & h[ ! indomitable w ( "o man 0 en=c$ by means ( trea*]y & slaught]1 he might =get t he c\ld ev] h be5 s bl9d$1 & fancy t ackn[l$g$ fe> 0 ! cause ( an inspiration :i* really sprung f ! slavi% wor%ip ( success1 :i* is too naturally inh]5t 9 human be+s4 ,al?\gh ,monti br\ght =w>d ?is dis+5u\s plea to excuse 8 celebration ( ! h]o ( ! age1 he 0 s9c]e 9 "o feel+1--an atta*m5t to ! (fspr+ ( 8 bra91 & 9 ! indignation he felt aga9/ ^? :o depreciat$ 8 poetic m]its4 ,! ,sword ( ,fr$]ic 0 attack$ by ! critics ) great asp]ity1 & he repli$ ) /ill great] acrimony4 ,he _h be5 *>g$ ) mann]ism & sam5ess1 especially 9 ! ma*9]y ( 8 poems1 9 :i* visions1 spectres1 & cl\dy spiritual ess5ces play = ev] a pr9cipal "p4 ,he w\ld n all[ ?is to be a defect1 & rail$ at ! unimag9ative m9ds :o conceiv$ x to be su*4 ,he tries to be jocose 9 8 indignation1 b 8 laugh is bitt]2 & he heaps ! accusations ( ill fai? & envy1 z well z ( ignorance & bad ta/e1 on ^? :o attack him4 ,!re may be ju/ice 9 ?is1 b !re is no dignity4 ,!re is always a degree ( degradation 9 notic+ ! enmity ( a race ( ephem]a1 & n calmly rely+ on ! aw>d ( ! public4 ,besides ! poems above m5tion$1 ,monti wrote sev]al o!r poems 9 praise ( ! conqu]or4 ,! ,j]ogamia & ! ,api ,panacridi 7 compositions :i*1 :atev] _! app>5t subject might be1 turn$1 aft] all1 on ! praise ( ! emp]or4 ,!y ma9ta9$1 if !y did n increase1 ! poet's fame4 ,8 be/ works 7 already writt52 & ^! may be nam$ to be ! ,ari/odemo1 ! ,basvilliana1 passages 9 ! ,prometo1 ! ,mas*]oniana1 & ! ,pal+5esi & ( 8 %ort] odes1 t to ,bonap>te1 on occasion ( ! ,cisalp9e congress1 & 8 hymn on 8 return to ,italy4 ,ye>s began to tame ! fire ( 8 imag9ation1 & he felt ! _s ( orig9al composition fail him4 ,8 active m9d turn$ to o!r subjects on :i* to ex]cise x3 8 love ( classical le>n+ l$ him to works ( criticism & erudition1 & he wrote ,rem>ks on ! ,w+$ ,horse ( ,ars9oe4 ,a want ( k ( ! ,greek language mu/1 h[ev]1 h be5 a great drawback to ?is species ( /udy2 b we mu/ reg>d ) /ill great] wond]1 consid]+ ?is defect1 8 next ent]prise1 :i* 0 ! translation ( ! ,iliad4 ,he _h be5 look+ out = a subject1 & m$itat+ 9 :at way he c\ld employ 8 p[]s1 :5 a ^w1 spok5 by *ance by ,ugo ,foscolo1 at once awoke 9 8 m9d ! desire & ! en]gy requisite = s ardu\s a task4 ,n be+ acqua9t$ ) ,greek1 he appli$ himself to e k9d ( lit]al translation1 & 01 besides1 ma9ly assi/$ by 8 fri5d ,mu/oxidi1 :o expla9$ passages1 comp>$ 8 v]sion ) ! orig9al1 & be/[$ a degree ( lab\r :i*1 b>r5 z x 0 ( reputation to himself1 mu/ be reg>d$ z a s+ul> pro( ( dis9t]e/$ atta*m5t4 ,monti appli$ himself s vigor\sly to ! task1 t1 9 spite ( all 8 disadvantages1 9 less ?an two ye>s he br\ght x to a conclusion4 ,?is new lab\r yield$ him a l>ge h>ve/ ( reputation4 ,o!r ,italian translations ( ! ,iliad already exi/$3 t ( ,salv9i is valuable1 f 8 pr(\nd k ( ! ,greek & ,italian languages4 ,x is elegantly & fai?fully translat$1 b x wants _s2 & ! sublime ,hom]ic fire1 :i* r5d]s ! ,iliad ! greate/ ( human works1 glimm]s feebly 9 8 v]sion4 ,! translation ( ,c]uti is z fai?ful z is compatible ) 8 ignorance ( ,greek2 b1 besides ! want ( ! true _s ( ! orig9al1 8 /yle1 modell$ on t ( ,meta/asio & ,rolli1 wants vig\r & v]satility4 ,monti possess$1 beyond any o!r poet1 ! faculty ( w>m+ himself ) 8 subject1 ( p5etrat+ himself ) its s\l1 & imp>t+1 by ! vivacity ( 8 language & ! gl[+ brightness ( 8 imag9ation1 8 own s5tim5ts to ! read]4 ,! v act ( v]sify+ seem$ to be to him :at ! s\nd ( song is to ! s5sitive1 9 elevat+ & mov+ ! s\l4 ,8 m9d possess$ ! qualities ( ! h>p1 :i* gives =? sweet music :5 swept by ! breezes3 ?\ght ) him 0 always pregnant ) h>moni\s & animat$ expression1 ) gl[+ & v>i\s imag]y4 ,on ?is has be5 f\nd$ 8 excuse = writ+ ) su* app>5t f]v\r on subjects t did n really int]e/ 8 feel+s2 & ?is facility is a good quality 9 a translator4 ,monti c\ld conceive & imbibe ! _s ( ! orig9al1 & give x out1 9 8 own language1 ) vig\r & life4 ,visconti1 9 wait+ to ! poet1 says1 ,! *oice & v>iety ( diction & phrases1 ! equal & su/a9$ tone ( ! v]ses1 & ! noble simplicity ( ! /yle1 place y\r "w among ! few t transmit ! poetic "n ) hon\r to po/]ity4 ,?is praise 0 accompani$ by a few judici\s criticisms :i* %[$ ! c>e & zeal ) :i* he _h exam9$ ! translation4 ,monti paid att5tion to !m1 & endeav\r$ to am5d all ! errors po9t$ out 9 ! subsequ5t editions ( 8 "w4 ,sid5ote3 #ahad4 tat4 #fj4 ,:5 ,napoleon 0 ov]?r[n1 & ! nor? ( ,italy fell "u ! yoke ( ! ,au/rians1 ,monti ( c\rse lo/ all 8 public employm5ts1 & he 0 m5ac$ 9 8 old age by ! mis]ies ( hopeless pov]ty4 ,b 8 submissive disposition & pla/ic op9ions 7 j ( t sort :i* k+s delight to hon\r2 & ! emp]or ( ,au/ria be/[$ su* p5sions on him z enabl$ him to pursue 8 /udies 9 leisure & compet5ce4 ,no d\bt ,monti felt glad1 9 common ) all 8 c\ntrym51 to get rid ( ! ant9ational sway ( ! ,fr5*1 & hop$ t a bett] /ate ( ?+s w\ld result f any *ange4 ,8 exp]i5ce ( popul> rule 9 ,italy _h disgu/$ him ) x4 ,he _h n t zeal & ard\r ( feel+ result+ f a conviction t1 h[ev] p]il\s ! passage f slav]y to lib]ty1 x mu/ be attempt$ & p]sev]$ 91 ) all its att5dant evils1 if m5 are to be br\ght back f t c[>dice1 indol5ce1 & selfi%ness :i* m>k ! slave1 to ! h]oism1 pati5ce1 & intellectual activity :i* *>act]ise ! freeman4 ,besides ?is1 ! armies ( ,au/ria admitt$ ( no reply f ! unw>like ,italians4 ,! remnants ( _! army :i* _h return$1 wa/$ & brok51 f ! ,russian campaign _h be5 =c$1 aft] "s %[ ( resi/ance1 to capitulate3 submission 0 _! only res\rce1 & submission 0 9 accordance ) ,monti's disposition4 ,nor did he aft]w>ds ev] give umbrage to ! jeal\s & rev5geful gov]nm5t ^: pay he receiv$1 :5 hopes ( bett] times & ( r$emption w>m$ ! he>ts ( all ! nobl] ,italians to attempt ! de/ruction ( _! tyrants4 ,he 0 acqua9t$ ) _m ( ! ,au/rian victims2 & :5 we f9d 9 8 lett]s compla9ts ( sorr[s & mis=tunes1 we mu/ attribute ^! to ! real sympa?y he felt = ^! unhappy m>tyrs3 b1 ?\gh he sympa?is$ ) ! m51 x is probable t he disapprov$ ( _! attempts4 ,he 0 hopeless1 & a hopeless /ruggle pres5t$ to him only ! too real picture ( aggravat$ oppression 9 g5]al1 & frightful individual suff]+2 he did n feel t boil+ ( ! he>t1 t fire ( ! _s1 :i* makes ! great & good risk all1 r ?an live subject to a p[] :i* ex]t$ all its lead5 /r5g? to press d[n g5ius1 cru% e ex]tion ( m9d1 & to r$uce m5 z ne>ly z possible to ! condition ( ! h]ds :o graze 9 ! fields1 )\t a ?\ght beyond ! food & re/ :i* ! f]tility ( ! soil & ! beauty ( ! climate af=d4 ,monti 0 n "o ( ^!3 8 m9d 0 active1 &1 9 8 way1 he wi%$ to b5efit 8 c\ntry4 ,s :5 a ?\s& he>ts 7 convuls$ by ! ?roes aris+ f all ! hopes & fe>s ( a j rebellion1 he turn$ 8 att5tion to ! /udy ( ! ,italian language1 to ! task ( free+ x f ! %ackles :i* critics _h ?r[n ov] x1 & ( gift+ x ) ! new _s & animation :i* mu/ arise f ! introduction ( liv+ =ms ( spee*1 in/ead ( ! classic & re/rict$ limitations impos$ by ! ,della ,crusca society4 ,he compos$ few poems aft] ! fall ( ,napoleon4 ,:5 ! emp]or ( ,au/ria s5t ! ar*duke ,john to receive ! oa? ( fealty f ! prov9ces ( ,lomb>dy1 he wrote1 by comm&1 a cantata1 entitl$ ,mi/ico ,omaggio1 or ! ,my/ic ,homage1 :i* 0 br\ght out at ! pr9cipal !atre at ,milan4 ,:5 ! emp]or himself visit$ ,italy he celebrat$ ! ev5t by a poem1 call$ ,! ,return ( ,a/rea1 & ano!r1 nam$ ,! ,invitation to ,pallas4 ,8 /yle 9 ^! lat] compositions jo9s h>mony to dignity1 & =ms t mixture ( /r5g? & sweetness :i* is s delightful 9 ,meta/asio4 ,8 la/ poetic compositions 7 writt5 at ,pes>o1 :]e he 0 deb>r$ f 8 usual occupations1 & dispirit$ by a disease t attack$ "o ( 8 eyes2 & he solac$ himself by dictat+ v>i\s poems full ( grace & beauty1 :i* he aft]w>ds publi%$ "u ! title ( ,sollievo nella ,mal9conia1 or ,relief ( ,melan*oly4 ,sid5ote3 #ahab4 ,"o ( ! mo/ =tunate incid5ts ( 8 life 0 ! m>riage ( 8 daught] to a man ( s+ul> m]it4 ,co/anza ,monti 0 7is1 we %\ld r say7 rem>kable = h] beauty & h] tal5ts2 h] poetry1 ?\gh !re is little ( x1 is ( a v high grade1 & "o poem1 ,on a ,rose1 has suffic$ to e/abli% h] fame 9 ,italy4 ,c\nt ,giulio ,p]tic>i sprung f a noble family ( ,romagna4 ,8 resid5ce 0 at ,pes>o1 & he !re fill$ successively ! (fices ( pode/ & judge4 ,he devot$ himself to lit]ature1 & _h publi%$ works bo? 9 prose & v]se1 by :i* he acquir$ consid]able reputation4 ,x mu/ be 9 ! memory ( all ,italians1 & all ^? /rang]s :o visit$ ,italy dur+ 8 lifetime1 h[ he 0 belov$ by e "o :o knew him4 ,no man 0 ev] m popul>1 m univ]sally pron\nc$ ! be/ ( m52 & ?is praise result$ f ! goodness & s+l5ess ( 8 he>t1 ! sweetness ( 8 disposition1 & 8 unpret5d+ b attractive mann]s4 ,writ+ conc]n+ ?is m>riage to 8 fri5ds1 ,monti speaks ( x ) pride & pleasure4 ,he says1 ,c\nt ,giulio ,p]tic>i1 ( ,pes>o1 is a "y man well cultivat$ 9 lit]ature4 ,i say no?+ ( 8 moral qualities1 :i* r5d] him de> to all4 ,x is ! mo/ delightful mat* t pat]nal love c desire4 ,aft] ?is p]iod ,monti's lab\rs 7 *iefly conf9$ to prose1 & he is consid]$ 9 ?is mann] to h greatly b5efit$ ! lit]ature ( 8 c\ntry4 ,! *ief among ^! are ! consid]ations on ! difficulty ( well translat+ ! poetry ( ! ,iliad1 & sev]al dialogues on ! ,italian language1 full ( acute criticism & wit4 ,a circum/ance turn$ 8 att5tion /ill m entirely to ! subject ( language4 ,! gov]nm5t ( ,lomb>dy1 wi%+ to %[ "s enc\ragem5t to lit]ature1 _h ord]$ ! ,royal ,in/itute ( ,milan to occupy itself 9 ! re=m ( ! national diction>y2 & ,monti 0 reque/$ by 8 colleagues to publi% 8 obs]vations on ! subject4 ,he obey$ ) alacrity4 ,8 son-9-law1 c\nt ,p]tic>i1 _h devot$ mu* att5tion to ?is subject1 & he became ,monti's associate 9 ! task4 ,! great "q 9 ,italy is1 :e!r ! pure & classical language1 ! only "o n :olly b>b>\s & vulg>1 is ,italian or ,tuscan2 a mixture drawn f ! v>i\s dialects ( ! p59sula1 or solely f\nd$ on ,petr>*1 ,dante1 & ,boccaccio1 & o!r e>ly ,tuscan au?ors4 ,! academy ,della ,crusca esp\s$ ! latt] side ( ! "q1 &1 =m+ a diction>y1 expung$ e ^w n to be f\nd 9 ! au?ors nam$ ! ,trec5ti/i4 ,monti1 on ! contr>y1 attack$ ! ipse-dixits ( ?is academy1 &1 po9t+ out innum]able errors 9 _! diction>y1 und]took1 z he call$ x1 a crusade aga9/ ! ,della ,crusca4 ,?is is a "q t has divid$ all ! tal5ts ( ,italy1 & 9 :i* x appe>s presumptu\s 9 a =eign] to express any decision4 ,/ill we may reason f g5]al gr\nds1 & f analogy4 ,e portion ( ,italy has a di/9ct dialect4 ,imm$iately on leav+ ! prec9cts ( any t[n1 an acute e> w detect 9 ! p]son :o lives outside ! gate a diff]5ce 9 ! =m ( spee* & pronunciation4 ,_m ( ! t[ns use a m]e patois1 :i* has nev] be5 writt54 ,! ,neapolitan1 ,romagnole1 ,g5oese1 & ,milanese1 ea* h a dialect1 devoid ( grace1 cacophon\s1 truncat$ ( v[els1 & un9telligible to any b !mselves2 ! ,v5etian be+ ! only "o di/+ui%$ = its own peculi> *>ms4 ,to a /rang] ! language ( ! ,romans has a great *>m3 ! bocca ,romana1 or ,roman pronunciation1 is cle>1 s(t1 & yet emphatic4 ,_! language is unidiomatic1 & !re=e easily compreh5d$4 ,y ent] ,tuscany1 & come ^u ^? t]se & idiomatic =ms ( spee* :i* enraptur$ ,alfi]i1 & :i* give s mu* en]gy & animation to ! expression ( s5tim5t1 s mu* cle>ness & precision to n>ration or reason+4 ,b ev5 ^! are n admitt$ by ! ,della ,crusca4 ,! ,flor5t9e is /ill a dialect--! ,pisan & ! ,si5nese fall "u ! same d5om9ation3 ! pr9cipal diff]5ce is t ! gramm> ( all ! ,tuscans is pure1 & t y may =m y\r spee* on t ( ! peasantry & s]vants1 )\t runn+ any risk ( fall+ into errors & vulg>isms4 ,alfi]i us$ to m+le 9 ! cr[ds assembl$ 9 ! m>ket-place ( ,si5na1 !re to imbibe f unle>n$ lips ! pure/ modes ( ! ,italian language4 ,! diction>y ,della ,crusca 0 f\nd$ !re=e on ,tuscan1 omitt+ its peculi>ities1 & c>efully regi/]+ any innovations t _h crept 9 s9ce ! era ( ! ,trec5ti/i4 ,x is obvi\s1 "u ?is tutelage1 t ! ,italian became1 :5 writt51 virtually a dead language4 ,no au?or c\ld adopt ! =ms ( spee* he made use ( 9 ! common conv]sation4 ,! language t !y he>d & spoke :5 mov$ by joy1 by grief1 by love1 or ang]1 0 to be modifi$1 correct$1 &1 s to speak1 translat$1 be=e x c\ld be put 9 a book4 ,! liv+ impress ( ! s\l 0 to be tak5 f x1 &1 in/ead ( putt+ d[n ! ^w t rose spontane\sly to ! lips1 & ought to h fl[$ z easily f ! p51 ! au?or hunt$ 9 ! ,della ,crusca diction>y = au?orities1 :i* %ackl$ ! free _s ( inspir$ g5ius ) *a9s & bolts =g$ f ! works ( ! old writ]s1 :o !mselves wrote z !y spoke1 & creat$ a language1 simply by putt+ d[n ! =cible & graceful expressions !n 9 colloquial use4 ,/ill a great difficulty arises f any deviation f ^! rules4 ,0 !n ! ,flor5t9e dialect1 or ! ,si5nese1 or ! ,pisan1 to be ! writt5 language ( ! c\ntry8 ,ea* city w\ld h reject$ its neighb\r's1 & /ill m w\ld ,lomb>disms be reg>d$ ) disda9 by ! inhabitants ( ! s\?4 ,language1 pronunciation1 idiom1 all =m a habit to ! eye & e>1 :i*1 beg9n+ ) our v bir?1 _c be aft]w>ds disc>d$4 ,no ,tuscan ev] w\ld or ev5 c\ld tol]ate ! introduction ( any ( ! words or phrases belong+ to o!r dialects2 & !y endure ! mi/akes ( =eign]s ) less disgu/ ?an ! unc\? pronunciation ( _! c\ntrym5 ( ! nor? & ea/ ( ! p59sula4 ,nor w !y all[ t ev5 ! well educat$ among ^! use classic modes ( spee*4 ,?is is ! po9t ( cont5tion2 = _! antagoni/s insi/1 t !y are 9 z full possession z ! ,tuscans ( pure ,italian1 draw+ x f ! same s\rces-- namely1 ! be/ writ]s ( ! c\ntry2 & ass]t t !y are z well able to orig9ate new modes ( expression1 & to turn ) z mu* elegance & =ce ^? already 9 use4 ,monti & ,p]tic>i bo? ent]$ he>t & s\l into ?is dispute1 :i* spe$ily r\s$ e lit]>y p]son 9 ,italy to take "o side or ! o!r4 ,! ,tuscans1 head$ by ! ,della ,crusca1 7 furi\s t _! long-ackn[l$g$ supremacy %\ld be que/ion$2 :ile ,monti1 re/+ ! m]its ( 8 op9ion on ! great au?ority ( ,dante1 did n hesitate 9 8 attack4 ,sev]al lett]s to 8 fri5d ,mu/oxidi display 8 e>ne/ness & s9c]ity 9 ! cause4 ,we extract passages f !m1 z explanatory ( 8 ideas & *>act]i/ic ( ! man4 ,! necessity ( relax+ a little ! int5sity ( ! lab\r ,i h 9 h&1 l$ me = a few days among ^! m\nta9s1 :]e y\rs ( ! #b;d f\nd me4 ,to fulfil my duty t[>ds gov]nm5t1 ,i h be5 oblig$ to publi% my rem>ks on ! ,della ,crusca vocabul>y1 & ! great di/9ction ( :i* x is necess>y to rem9d ! ,italians2 ! di/9ction ,i mean betwe5 ! plebeian dialects1 & t dignifi$ language spok5 by all ! well educat$ 9 ! c\ntry1 f ! summit ( ! ,alps to ! ,lilybum promontory4 ,f\nd+ my op9ion on ! au?ority ( ,dante1 9 :i* bo? ,petr>* & ,boccaccio concur 9 a surpris+ mann]1 ,i h und]tak5 to advocate t dignifi$ ,italian :i* is n spok5 b writt52 & to v9dicate ! rights ( f\rte5 prov9ces ( ,italy aga9/ ! pret5sions ( a s+le "o1 :i*1 contr>y to ! pr9ciples ( ! great fa!r ( ,italian lit]ature1 has endeav\r$ to sub/itute ! language 9 use 9 a s+le city1 9 %ort a peculi> dialect1 :i*1 h[ev] beautiful1 is only a dialect1 & c nev] fill ! place ( t univ]sal language ( :i* ! c\ntry has ne$4 ,i d n "k :e!r ,i %all treat ?is great cause wor?ily2 b ,i am conv9c$ t :oev] impugns ! pr9ciples :i* ,i e/abli%1 mu/ beg9 by prov+ t ,dante & ! o!r two 7 mad4 ,i d>e n believe t ,i h obta9$ a complete victory2 b ,i h laid ! f\ndation-/ones on :i* o!rs ( great] tal5t may "o day erect & f9i% ! edifice4 ,to ano!r fri5d he writes3--,! treatise ( ,p]tic>i on ! language ( ! ,trec5ti/i1 :i* w soon be publi%$1 is a *ef-d'oeuvre1 display+ great philosophy & acute criticism4 ,i promise y t x w make a great s5sation1 & t ! ,crusca ) droop+ head1 caudamque remulc5s1 w n "k :at to answ]4 ,grassi has writt5 an excell5t p>allel ( ! ,della ,crusca diction>y ) t ( ,johnson & ! ,spani% academy1 :i* are simil> 9 _! plan2 & y w p]ceive ! ,go?ic condition ( our vocabul>y 9 comp>ison ) o!rs4 ,assi/ance & support rea* me f all p>ts ( ,italy1 ev5 f ,tuscany2 s t ,i may say t ! :ole nation sides ) me4 ,) m mod]ation he writes aft]w>ds1--,we d n wi% to rule2 b nei!r reason nor hon\r p]mit u to cont9ue slaves4 ,we only desire ! "r to h a voice 9 ! def5ce ( national rights aga9/ municipal pret5sions3 = ! re/1 we w take ! law f !m4 ,9 fact1 ,monti mu/ h felt ! extreme difficulty ( ! "q4 ,9 ,engl& & ,france x is j to say1 t ! language ( ! well educat$ all ov] ! c\ntry may s]ve = au?ority z to language4 ,b ! nobility & high] classes 9 ,lomb>dy & ,romagna all speak _! un9telligible dialects among !mselves2 x is only ) /rang]s1 & :5 !y write1 t !y h rec\rse to ,italian4 ,x is impossible1 !re=e1 t :at !y compose by rule1 aft] /udy & practice1 c be ! liv+ language ( a p 9 opposition to a dialect1 if y w1 :i*1 ) few omissions & "s *ange ( pronunciation1 is ! admiration ( all :o c appreciate ! true beauties ( /yle2 :i* is rem>kable = passion & f]v\r comb9$ ) concision & sweetness2 = idiomatic phrases t realise & /amp z x 7 ! ?\ght1 in/ead ( a p]iphra/ic expression :i* speaks ( an idea or notion r ?an giv+ expression to ^! !mselves4 ,monti 0 "r 9 ?r[+ aside ! classical %ackles ( ! ,della ,crusca2 b !re is tok5 9 8 lett]s t1 9 8 he>t1 he at la/ ackn[l$g$ t !re 0 m ( ! liv+ _s ( true ,italian abroad 9 ! colloquial idiom ( ,tuscany1 ?an 9 all ! well-turn$ s5t5ces & set phrases ( ! well educat$ ( ! re/ ( ,italy4 ,we _c help ?9k+ t ,monti mu/ h be5 v happy dur+ ! prosecution ( ^! lab\rs4 ,an active m9d abhors repose1 :5 x mu/ cream & mantle l a /&+ pool4 ,! aid & sympa?y ( 8 amiable & cultivat$ son-9-law mu/ h %$ an inf9ite *>m ov] 8 lab\rs1 ! zeal ( 8 p>tisans h flatt]$1 ! attacks ( 8 enemies h animat$ him4 ,he believ$ t he 0 deliv]+ 8 c\ntry f a sup]/ition :i* clogg$ ! spr+s ( h] lit]ature1 & *ok$ up its free c\rse4 ,to a great degree he 0 9 ! "r1 & ! pro( is 9 ! orig9al & beautiful use made ( 8 !ory by ! ,italian au?ors ( ! pres5t day4 ,monti1 l\dly ackn[l$g$ to be ! fir/ ,italian poet ( 8 day1 cont9u$ to reside at ,milan1 devot$ to lit]>y pursuits1 surr\nd$ by a circle ( admir]s1 ! *ief n s mu* ( a sect1 z ( ,italian lit]ature4 ,yet he 0 (t5 attack$1 & 0 by no means tol]ant ( criticism4 ,8 he>t1 h[ev]1 0 ( bett] gra9 ?an 8 temp]1 & 8 viol5t lit]>y disputes ) di/+ui%$ contempor>ies1 ) ,mazza1 ,ces>otti1 & ,bett9elli1 t]m9at$ 9 mutual fri5d%ip & e/eem4 ,angry :5 (f5d$1 & unmeasur$ 9 8 expressions ( (f5ce1 yet ! desire ( reconciliation on ! "p ( o!rs 0 always met by him ) cordiality & ready =giv5ess4 ,he 0 ! m lov$ & admir$ ! m he 0 kn[n2 "o ( ! *>ms t att5d$ 8 int]c\rse 0 ! beauty ( 8 recitation4 ,to he> him read ,virgil or ,dante1 0 to f9d a deep] pa?os 9 ! lam5ts ( ,dido1 new en]gy 9 ! compla9ts ( ,ugol9o4 ,fond (1 devot$ to 8 art1 !re 0 no p$antry ab\t him3 he nev] ?ru/ x ^u ! ignorant or frivol\s2 b ) 8 fri5ds he lov$ to analyse ! ess5ce ( poetry1 & to discuss ! great "q !n 9 vogue 9 ,italy ( ! classic & romantic s*ools4 ,!re is a lett] ( 8 to a fri5d on ?is subject1 passages ( :i* may be quot$ z %[+ 8 op9ions on ?is subject1 op9ions :i* be> ! /amp ( tru?4 ,a poet1 he writes1 ought to pa9t ! nature :i* he beholds4 ,i applaud ! poetry ( ! ,nor?1 :i* is 9 p]fect accord ) ! gloomy atmosph]e f :i* x receives its inspiration4 ,b ,italian poetry1 born ( a glad & happy sky1 is mad :5 %e w\ld robe h]self 9 cl\ds1 & /udy to pa9t a nature ( :i* %e c =m no idea except f imag9ation4 ,& besides1 %\ld poetry1 ^: *ief use is to delight 7&1 9 ! mis]able /ate ( human be+s1 to delight is to s]ve71 ought %e to appe> r\gh & fr[n+1 rul$ by p$antry & crabb$ philosophy8 ,is x possible t no "o kn[s h[ to di/+ui% ! (fice ( poet f t ( philosoph]8 ,x is "o ?+ to speak to ! s5ses1 ano!r to speak to ! intellect4 ,nak$ & dry tru? is ! dea? ( poetry2 = poetry & fiction are ! same1 & fable be+ only tru? disguis$1 ?is tru? mu/ be ornam5t$ by fl[]s to be gladly receiv$4 ,y scatt]$ fre% & beautiful roses ov] y\r poetic m$itations :5 y speak ( ,greece & ,rome2 b1 :5 y leave ^! fields ( p]5nial poetic beauty1 & say t ! ?\ghts ( ! ,greeks ran ar\nd 9 a n>r[ circle ( images1 & aft] utt]+ ?is falsehood1 y ?r[ y\rself ) loos5$ re9s into ! praise ( ! romantic s*ool1 !n1 my noble fri5d 7p>don me if ,i frankly decl>e my op9ion71 y are no long] ! same4 ,_h ,i be5 at y\r side :5 y wrote y\r t5d] adieu to ! gods ( ,greece1 ,i %\ld h p]suad$ y n to cont9ue x--nor to irritate ! %ade ( ,s*ill]--( t ,s*ill] :om1 next to ,%akspe>e1 ,i admire4 ,d y n "k t 8 be/ & fav\rite ode is entitl$ ! ',gods ( ,greece8' 9 :i* he manife/s 8 indignation aga9/ ^? :o h expell$ !m f ! k+dom ( ! muses1 & prays t !y may be recall$ to adorn life & poetry4 ,i conv]s$ mu* ) "l ,byron dur+ ! fifte5 days' /ay :i* he made at ,milan4 ,d y "k t he trembl$ ) rage :5 any "o *anc$1 fancy+ t !y paid him a complim5t1 to praise ! romantic s*ool4 ,yet1 9 ! s5se 9 :i* we und]/& x1 no "o 0 m romantic ?an he4 ,b he disda9$ ! "n1 hat+ to f9d himself mix$ up ) ! cr[d ( fools :o di%on\r t noble s*ool4 ,i d n wi% to play ! preceptor ) y1 b all[ ! true fri5d%ip t b9ds me to y to conclude ) a c\nsel :i* = _m ye>s ,i h myself foll[$1 int] utrumque vola2 &1 leav+ ! squabbles ( p>ty1 let u use our be/ endeav\rs to write good v]ses4 ,we may add to ?is pr(ession ( ! poet's fai? ) reg>d to ! classic & romantic s*ools1 t ,monti consid]$ ,hom]1 ,dante1 & ,%akspe>e z ! fir/ poets ( ! _w2 ?us giv+ pro( ( ! ju/ness ( 8 ta/e1 & demon/rat+ t orig9ality & tru? 7 appreciat$ by him at _! j value4 ,next to ^! ?ree k+s ( ! art he plac$ ,virgil1 :om he lov$ z ! fri5d ( 8 boyhood4 ,he pref]r$ ,tacitus & ,livy among ! ,lat9 prose writ]s1 & ,ma*iavelli among ! ,italians4 ,8 op9ions on ^! subjects 7 deliv]$ )\t arrogance1 & )\t presum+ to in/itute an unappealable decision4 ,! c\nt & c\ntess ,p]tic>i resid$ pr9cipally at ,pesc>a2 b !y held frequ5t int]c\rse ) ,monti at ,milan4 ,9 ! w9t] ( #ahba-bb1 ,p]tic>i hav+ made "s /ay at ,milan1 ,monti accompani$ him on 8 return home4 ,sev]al ( 8 lett]s to 8 wife writt5 dur+ ?is excursion are publi%$2 & we _c resi/ ! temptation ( giv+ !m to ! read]1 af=d+ z !y d demon/rations ( 8 affectionate he>t1 & ( ! pleasure he took 9 ! society ( 8 amiable relative4 ,! fir/ ( ^! is dat$ f ,v]ona1 #g? ,octob]1 #ahba4 ,i nev] made a m]ri] j\rney4 ,we 7 six 9 company3 a ,brescian1 a ,v]onese1 a ,paduan1 ,m]c&ante1 & u two4 ,day _h sc>cely dawn$1 :5 we began to exam9e ea* o!r1 & snuff-boxes w5t _! amicable r\nd4 ,an in/ant confid5ce sprung up among u1 :i* l$ to mu* *at & pleasantry4 ,s gay 7 we1 t we did no?+ b laugh 9 *orus till we arriv$ at ! gates ( ,v]ona4 ,p]tic>i & ,i ord]$ t our luggage %\ld be c>ri$ to ! inn2 be+ det]m9$ to rema9 free4 ,b ! signore ,mosconi1 & ,p]sica1 _h already left ^w at ! be/ inns t !re 0 no room = ,p]tic>i & ,monti2 &1 at ! mom5t :5 we arriv$ 9 ! dilig5ce1 ! c\ntess ,cl>9a & h] daught]1 & ! c\nt1 got into _! c>riage to meet & run away ) u1 z if we _h be5 two beautiful birds4 ,poor ,m>iano1 :o 0 accompany+ ! port] ) our luggage to ! hotel1 0 p\nc$ ^u by ! son ( ! c\ntess1 ord]$ to turn "r ab\t & to foll[ him1 he knew n :i!r2 n d>+ to resi/1 & fe>+ t 8 comm&] 0 a cu/om-h\se (fic]4 ,9 %ort1 x 0 n possible to resi/ ! g5tle viol5ce put ^u u1 & ! cordial entreaties ( my de> fri5d ! c\ntess2 & "h we are welcom$1 fea/$1 & hon\r$ beyond measure4 ,x 0 our int5tion only to rema9 ?ree days at ,v]ona1 b we h be5 oblig$ to promise n to g till ,sunday4 ,! c\ntess means to accompany u half-way on ! road to ,vic5za1 :]e we %all arrive by noon1 & on ,monday ev5+ we %all be at ,bassano1 ?ree h\rs' j\rney only f ,v9c5za2 !nce to ,passagno1 & on to ,padua1 :5ce y %all he> f u4 ,v5ice1 ,novemb] #bj4 #ahba4 ,n to leave y any long] wait+ = news ( u1 ,i seize a mom5t :5 e "o is asleep 7x be+ only five 9 ! morn+7 to tell y t ye/]day we arriv$ safely at ,v5ice4 ,x w\ld be a too long-w9d$ egotism to relate to y ! k9dness1 ! polit5ess1 ! fri5dly conte/s1 ) :i* we h be5 e :]e welcom$4 ,we _h be5 expect$ "h = sev]al days ) impati5ce1 &1 at ! mom5t ( our arrival1 *ance br\ght u into imm$iate contact ) ! b>on ,tord]o1 :o embrac$ u ) indescribable delight4 ,x be+ kn[n t we 7 go+ to call on ! c\ntess ,albrizzi1 an assembly ga!r$ toge!r !re2 nor c ,i describe to y ! demon/rations ( joy ) :i* we 7 welcom$ by t celebrat$ lady1 & all h] agreeable fri5ds4 ,we rema9$ till elev51 & %\ld h /aid long] _h n hung] 7= we _h n d9$7 recall$ u to our inn2 t1 & ! circum/ance t our fri5ds1 :o _h accompani$ u f ,padua1 7 wait+ = u4 ,! m]rim5t at table 0 prolong$ till "o 9 ! morn+2 s y see ,i h b>ely _h ?ree h\rs' sleep1 & yet ,i nev] 0 s well 9 my life4 ,pes>o1 ,decemb] #g4 #ahba4 ,at l5g?1 ye/]day1 at ! /roke ( ! ave-m>ia1 we arriv$1 safe & s\nd1 at ,pes>o1 to ! imm5se joy ( our ,con/ance2 a joy1 nev]!less1 m+l$ ) bitt]ness1 because h] "m _h n *os5 to accompany u3 a circum/ance :i* grieves me also1 because ,i fe> t ! sev]ity ( ! w9t]1 at ,milan1 :i* is "h mild1 may be injuri\s to y4 ,b1 s9ce y h be5 pleas$ to disappo9t our hopes1 at lea/ take p>ticul> c>e ( y\r heal?1 & d n expose y\rself to cold4 ,surr\nd$ by visits & complim5ts1 ,i h no "t at pres5t = m4 ,let x suffice t my heal? is fl\ri%+1 & t ,i hope t y\rs is ! same4 ,con/ance & ,giulio embrace y fondly4 ,addio1 addio6 ,! foll[+ lett] does n conc]n p]sonal topics2 b gives s lively a picture ( ,italian mann]s1 t x is well wor?y to be extract$3-- ,pes>o1 ,janu>y #ab4 #ahbb4 ,y h reason to compla9 ( ! infrequ5cy ( my lett]s1 b ,i /udy & write cont9ually2 & :5 ,i am buri$ among my books1 ) a p5 9 my h&1 y "k h[ difficult x is to draw me away1 & ought to =give me4 ,i am delight$ to he> t1 not)/&+ ! cl\ds & sn[ t infe/ ,milan at ?is season1 y\r heal? _h n yet suff]$4 ,i entreat y to take ! greate/ c>e ( x4 ,m9e is p]fect4 ,i nev] enjoy$ s b5ignant a w9t]4 ,x is s mild1 t ,i am dress$ n[ z ,i am accu/om$ to d at ,milan 9 ,octob]4 ,= ! sake ( mak+ a long] lett]1 ,i w relate an anecdote :i* w make y laugh4 ,!re is an anci5t cu/om /ill exi/+ at ,fano1 t5 miles f ,pes>o1 ( celebrat+ a bull-fight at ?is season2 to :i* a great conc\rse ( p resort f ! surr\nd+ t[ns4 ,a few days ago ! fir/ celebration took place4 ,a truly f]oci\s bull 0 turn$ into ! ar5a4 ,x is a law1 t :oev] *ooses to attack ! animal may desc5d into ! li/s4 ,no "o d>$ expose himself to ?is infuriat$ creature1 & all ! dogs :o v5tur$ to assail him 7 toss$ & kill$4 ,at l5g? a peasant pres5t$ himself1 &1 to ! wond] ( all1 approa*$ ! trem5d\s animal4 ,he boldly w5t close to him2 & ! bull became q mild1 all[+ himself to be patt$ & /rok$1 :ile he lick$ ! h& t c>ess$ him2 e "o 0 a/oni%$1 :51 all ( a sudd51 a fell[ among ! spectators />ts up1 & calls out1 ',! man is a sorc]]6' ',a sorc]]6 a magician6' exclaim$ sev]al o!rs 9 a fury4 ',burn ! magician6 burn ! magician6' e "o exclaims4 ,! presid5t ( ! games is also p]suad$ t ?is prodigy c only be ! "w ( ! devil2 & he s5ds f\r soldi]s1 :o seize on ! magician1 drag him f ! li/s1 & ?r[ him into prison4 ,! poor fell[ ask$ ! cause ( ?is viol5ce2 he 0 told1 ',y are a magician2 y w be hang$ & burnt6' ',:at are y say+ ab\t a magician8' cri$ ! man2 'does n 8 excell5cy & 8 rev]5ce "k t ! bull let me t\* him because he knew me8 ,i am 8 ma/]4' ,?is te/imony1 be+ confirm$ by sev]al :o knew ! man to be ! ma/] ( ! bull1 & :o took oa?s to ?is effect1 ought to h cur$ ! presid5t ( 8 folly2 b ! poor magician is /ill 9 prison1 & !y are /ill disput+ :at to d ) him4 ,at ! same "t t ,monti writes ?us to 8 wife1 8 lett]s to 8 o!r fri5ds are equally full ( ! pleasure he enjoy$ at ?is "t4 ,y w l to "k1 he writes to "o1 h[ ,i am pass+ my life4 ,mo/ happily2 b n 9 idl5ess4 ,happily1 because ,i am ) my *ildr52 & enjoy a season s mild & s]5e1 t w9t] resembles ! op5+ ( spr+4 ,n 9 idl5ess1 because ,i pursue my /udies1 & mean to give a la/1 %ort1 critical treatise4 ,b a few mon?s aft]1 9 ! ,july ( ! same ye>1 #ahbb1 ,monti aga9 visit$ ,pes>o1 9 circum/ances t =m a pa9ful contra/ ) ! tranquil & dome/ic happ9ess t occasion$ him s mu* pleasure dur+ 8 =m] "o4 ,p]tic>i _h di$1 sudd5ly1 & ,monti w5t to assi/ & console 8 sorr[+ daught]4 ,he ?us writes1 on ?is occasion1 to 8 fri5d ,mu/oxidi1 9 a lett] dat$ ,pes>o1 #cj? ,july1 #ahbb3-- ,y w h he>d f my wife ! pitiable /ate 9 :i* ,i f\nd my poor ,con/ance4 ,my arrival has produc$ a happy *ange 9 ?is un=tunate creature3 my com+ 0 l a sunbeam on a fl[] beat5 d[n by ! tempe/4 ,b1 aga91 h] m9d is di/ract$1 sleep flies f h] eyes1 & h] heal? suff]s dreadfully4 ,i mu/ applaud ! k9d att5tions ( h] "m-9-law1 :o is an angel ( goodness4 ,b ,i p]ceive t ! only way to pres]ve h] f ! mo/ dang]\s consequ5ces ( excessive grief1 is to take h] f a place too full ( %ock+ associations4 ,& ,i w\ld n delay my j\rney1 b = ! new regulation ( ! pontifical police1 :i* does n p]mit any "o to leave ^! /ates )\t a passport c\nt]sign$ by ! ,au/rian ambassador at ,rome4 ,z soon z ,i obta9 ?is ,i %all set out1 & conduct ?is de> object ( my compassion to ! arms ( h] "m4 ,?is 0 a w\nd n easily heal$1 & nev] to be =gott54 ,9 ! spr+ ( ! foll[+ ye> ,monti /ill alludes to 8 loss ) ! ke5e/ grief4 ,y\r lett]1 he writes to a fri5d1 af=d$ me inf9ite pleasure & consolation4 ,= a long "t ,i h liv$ a wret*$ life "u ! rod ( adv]sity2 & x is only :5 ,i enjoy ! society ( "s p]son de> to me1 or he> f !m1 t ,i become a little *e]ful1 & my spirits revive4 ,su* has be5 ! effect1 de> fri5d1 ( y\r lett] to y\r poor ,monti--poor inde$ 9 e way1 & v unhappy4 ,unhappy 9 ! dea? ( ,giulio2 unhappy 9 ! ill heal? ( ,con/ance1 :o is wa/+ away ) grief2 unhappy 9 myself1 z ,i am deaf1 old1 & almo/ bl9d4 ,= my eyes1 ow+ to my ov]-use ( !m 9 read+ & writ+ by c&le-light1 are fall5 into _! old /ate4 ,! la/ volume ( ! ,propo/a 0 publi%$ 9 ,july1 #ahbc2 &1 ?is la/ prosaic lab\r f9i%$1 ! imag9ation ( ,monti awoke aga91 & he turn$ 8 ?\ghts once m to ! composition ( poetry4 ,he re/or$ ! true read+ to ! ,convito ( ,dante1 :i* he priz$ z ! basis & au?ority ( 8 own !ories conc]n+ ! ,italian language4 ,he wrote1 also1 ! idyl on ! nuptials ( ,cadmus2 & !n contemplat$ ! completion ( 8 poem ( ! ,f]oniade1 :i* he _h begun _m1 _m ye>s ago at ,rome4 ,:5 he 0 secret>y to don ,luigi ,bras*i1 duke ( ,nemi1 & nephew ( ,pius ,,vi41 he 0 accu/om$ to accompany 8 patron 9 8 hunt+ exp$itions3 ! usual c\rse ( ^! excursions 0 ! ,pont9e m>%es1 ne> ,t]rac9a1 a spot abundant 9 game4 ,!re is a f\nta9 9 t neighb\rhood1 suppos$ to be t anci5tly d$icat$ to ! ,diva ,f]ronia1 at :i* ! hunt]s 7 accu/om$ to dr9k to refre% !mselves4 ,! sight ( t insalubri\s m>%y tract ( l&1 ! dra9age ( :i* _h j be5 und]tak5 by ! pope1 = ! purpose ( re/or+ x to agriculture1 awoke 9 ,monti ! idea ( pay+ 8 debt ( gratitude to ! h\se ( ,bras*i1 by commemorat+ ?is munific5t "w2 he in/antly began 8 task1 & nam$ 8 poem f ! gu>dian g5ius ( ! place4 ,! circum/ances ( ! times int]rupt$ 8 design3 x became m pr(itable to celebrate ! ambition ( ,napoleon ?an ! piety ( a captive prie/2 & ! "w 0 neglect$1 ?r[n aside1 & almo/ =gott54 ,dur+ ! la/ ye>s ( ! poet's life1 8 fri5ds solicit$ him to f9i% x4 ,p]haps1 :5 _m ye>s & _m *anges _h made mu* ( 8 pa/ life appe> l an unconnect$ dream1 ! memory ( 8 e>ly ye>s came be=e him ) all t *>m & vividness :i* y\? (t5 assumes 9 ! eyes ( age2 & he 0 glad to recur to a =gott5 monum5t ( bygone times4 ,he yield$1 !re=e1 to ! reque/ ( ^? ab\t him1 & _h almo/ f9i%$1 :5 fir/ disease1 & aft]w>ds dea?1 put an end to all 8 designs4 ,x 0 e>ly 9 ! ye> #ahbf t he _h ?us r5ew$ 8 poetic exi/5ce1 resolv+ n aga9 to ab&on x :ile 8 imag9ation rema9$ vigor\s2 b 9 ! v op5+ ( ?is en?usiasm1 :ile e fe> 0 di/ant1 & 8 active m9d gladly met1 ea* morn+1 ! s]ies ( duties & lab\r :i* he impos$ on himself1 he 0 seiz$ by an illness1 ?r\gh :i* e s*eme & e hope 0 calamit\sly ov]?r[n4 ,on ! #i? ( ,april1 at ab\t elev5 o'clock1 :5 he _h retir$1 r to /udy ?an repose1 a sudd5 apoplexy attack$ him2 & no m$ical aid1 nor any c>e1 c\ld re/ore him aga9 to heal?4 ,he lo/ ! use ( 8 left side1 & ! vital p[]s appe>$ mortally attack$4 ,! news spread ?r\gh ,milan1 & /ruck e "o ) grief2 ! population cr[d$ r\nd 8 door1 & ?is public demon/ration ( k9dness s5sibly affect$ him4 ,8 m9d rema9$ cle> & /rong ?r\gh\t ! attack1 nor 0 he )\t sangu9e hopes ( recov]y4 ,9 ! ,april succe$+ 8 fir/ seizure1 we f9d him writ+ to a fri5d3 ,i burn ) a desire to revisit ,flor5ce be=e ,i die2 consequ5tly ,i h resolv$1 next ,june1 to g to ! mud ba?s ( ,albano1 ne> ,padua1 :5ce ,i hope to receive a r5ewal ( my /r5g? suffici5t = my j\rney4 ,^! mud ba?s1 h[ev]1 7 pron\nc$ hurtful in/ead ( b5eficial to 8 disord]1 & he nev] w5t4 ,/ill hope 0 alive1 & he l+]$ on until ! autumn ( #ahbh1 8 life be+ consum$ 9 a sl[ m>tyrdom3 8 dea?-b$ 0 att5d$ by 8 wife & disconsolate daught]1 :om1 ev5 to ! la/1 he s\ght to *e] by words ( affection1 & by smiles :5 he c\ld n speak4 ,he expir$ on ! #ac? ( ,octob]1 #ahbh1 at ! age ( sev5ty-f\r4 ,! g5ius ( ,monti w\ld1 9 times ( less public excitem5t1 h adorn$ 8 "n ) ! highe/ praise2 & 8 faults w\ld nev] h be5 call$ into view4 ,! /udi\s & imag9ative b5t ( 8 m9d w\ld h l$ him to cultivate lett]s & poetry2 & we %\ld glory 9 ! exalt$ fancy ( a creative poet1 )\t any %ame = ! man4 ,8 dome/ic "* 0 amiable2 he 0 zeal\s = 8 fri5ds1 grateful = b5efits2 g5]\s1 k9d1 & true 9 all ! ord9>y int]c\rse ( life3 b nei!r rev]5ce = g5ius1 nor atta*m5t to ! man1 ought to bl9d u to 8 political t]giv]sation1 or to suppose t !re is virtue 9 t inborn slavi%ness ( _s t c\ld see no degradation 9 prais+ ^? :om he reprobat$ 9 8 he>t1 & 9 commemorat+ ) applause acts ! mo/ injuri\s to ! common cause ( humanity4 ,!re is retribution 9 our own consci5ces = all our faults1 & ,monti felt ?is3 8 love ( glory 0 great1 & he 0 (t5 pa9$ by be+ rem9d$ ( 8 political apo/acies2 b too (t51 :5 irritat$ by c5sure1 he 0 will+ to ca/ ! blame ^u o!rs1 in/ead ( admitt+ 8 own want ( rigid public integrity4 ,b take away ?is error1 &1 z a private "*1 ,monti m]it$ ! affection & e/eem ( all4 ,! only fault ( 8 disposition 0 irritability & an incl9ation to ang]2 b he r$eem$ x by ! c&\r ( 8 ackn[l$gm5ts1 & ! uprightness ( 8 conduct4 ,w>m? ( he>t & w>m? ( temp] are too apt to be unit$ 9 ! same disposition2 b ! k9dness ( 8 nature 0 r5d]$ ev5 m app>5t by ?is defect ( temp]am5t4 ,he 0 s5sitive to injury1 & 8 indignation 0 proportionate to 8 quick s5se ( inju/ice2 b1 ?\gh 8 ang] took ! appe>ance ( /]nness & sev]ity1 x nev] l$ him to injure ano!r1 b evaporat$ 9 words1 & might be said to agitate ! surface1 b nev] p5etrat$ into ! dep?s1 ( 8 m9d4 ,he 0 nev] guilty ( an act ( rev5ge1--on ! contr>y1 he (t5 b5efit$ ^? :o injur$ him4 ,8 m9d 01 9 %ort1 ( a uni=m texture2 & :at x want$ 9 dignity & gr&eur 0 comp5sat$ = by g5tl5ess1 t5d]ness1 & ready sympa?y ) ! suff]+s ( o!rs4 ,he 0 beyond measure *>itable to ^? 9 di/ress2 & inf9ite & unwe>i$ compassion1 we are told by "o :o knew him well1 0 8 prom95t *>act]i/ic4 ,! poor gladly celebrat$ ! *>ities he /rove to conceal4 ,?is virtue sprung1 d\btless1 f e>ly habits acquir$ "u ! ro( ( 8 b5evol5t p>5ts4 ,he 0 simple z a *ild 9 ! mid/ ( worldl9ess1 & ! good fai? & s9c]ity ( 8 fri5d%ips 7 )\t a flaw4 ,9 p]son1 ! same fri5d in=ms u :o has furni%$ ! public ) ! pr9cipal docum5ts on :i* ?is memoir is f\nd$1 he 0 tall & h&some3 8 =ehead ample2 ! %ape ( 8 face regul>2 & 8 eyes1 gleam+ f b5ea? 8 ar*$ & full br[s1 %one at once ) a vivaci\s & s(t light1 :i* comm&$ bo? affection & respect4 ,an air ( melan*oly 0 diffus$ ov] 8 c\nt5ance1 to :i* ! habits ( reflection w\ld h giv5 a sev]e & ev5 disda9ful expression1 _h n ! sweete/ smile illum9at$ x ) ! graci\s light ( love4 ,8 c>riage 0 dignifi$1 8 mi5 s]i\s1 & 8 :ole aspect 0 t ( a man ( tal5t1 & ( "o w>m$ & s(t5$ by ! b5evol5ce & affectionat5ess ( 8 disposition4 ,we may conclude ) ?is description ( ! outw>d man1 emanat+ f "o :o rev]$ & lov$ him z a preceptor & a fri5d4 ,! _w1 9 ! days succe$+ to ^? ( revolution & prec$+ ^? ( re=m1 0 mu* divid$ betwe5 ^? :o despair$ & ^? :o hop$4 ,! latt] n[ triumph2 b ,monti di$ be=e ! mild] light dawn$ on ! _w1 & :ile *ange appe>$ inevitably accompani$ by blood%$ & mis]y4 ,8 compassionate he>t pref]r$ ! peace ( submission1 bo? = himself & o!rs1 to ! suff]+ att5dant on defeat$ /ruggles2 & errors spr++ f s humane a s\rce may be =giv51 ev5 by ^? ^: ard5t natures lead !m to ov]look ! toil & dang] ( ! j\rney1 9 ! hope ( atta9+ ! accompli%m5t ( _! desires4 ,footnote #eb3 ,maffei2 ,/oria della ,litt]atura ,italiana4 ,footnote #ec3 ,bonetti4 ,,ugo ,,foscolo #aggh-ahbg4 ,! mo/ necess>y quality ( an au?or is1 t he %\ld impress u ) ! conviction t he has some?+ to say4 ,9 read+ 8 pages1 we ought to feel t he puts d[n ! ov]fl[+ ( 8 m9d--ideas & notions :i*1 spr++ up spontane\sly1 =ce a bir? = !mselves f ! womb ( sil5ce1 & acquire an exi/5ce ?r\gh _! own native en]gy & vitality4 ,an au?or1 !re=e1 is a human be+ ^: ?\ghts d n satisfy 8 m9d1 rum9at$ on m]ely 9 8 own isolat$ bosom3 he requires sympa?y1 a _w to li/51 & ! e*o ( ass5t f 8 fell[-creatures4 ,b ?is is n all4 ,few m5 c be excit$ by a m]e ab/raction1 by ! images ( _! own m9d1 & ! desire ( communicat+ !m = ! b5efit ( _! fell[-creatures4 ,pride or vanity m+le ess5tially 9 ! fabric ( a writ]'s m9d3 ! pride :i* leads him to desire to build up an endur+ monum5t = 8 "n1 =m$ f 8 own compositions2 or ! vanity t leads him to introduce himself to ! read]1 & to c\rt ! notoriety :i* usually att5ds ^? :o let ! public into ! secret ( _! individual passions or peculi>ities4 ,! ?ree great au?ors ( mod]n ,italy =m a s+ul> contra/ to ea* o!r1 z to _! app>5t motives = au?or%ip4 ,alfi]i1 pr\d1 indep5d5t1 & gloomy1 s\ght at once to hon\r 8 own "n1 to exalt & ref9e 8 c\ntrym51 & to produce su* works z w\ld b5efit 8 species2 :ile ! vehem5t passions ( 8 own s\l 7 _! primal s\rce & inspiration4 ,monti 0 a poet ( ! imag9ation4 ,he wrote because ! imag]y1 ! melody1 ! a]ial fabric ( poesy 7 a "p ( 8 ess5ce4 ,! subjects ( 8 poems 7 ( less consequ5ce1 9 8 eyes1 ?an ! well treat+ !m1 or ! v>iety1 gr&eur1 & fanta/ic ideality display$ 9 8 v]ses4 ,?us1 at ! ^w ( comm&1 he c\ld celebrate ! usurp]1 ta9t ! /ruggles ( a noble & free nation1 & adorn ! nak$ =m ( despotism ) g>m5ts ( beauty4 ,foscolo1 on ! contr>y1 0 impell$ to produce & reproduce himself3 & yet to ?is ass]tion we mu/ put "s limit1 = ,foscolo 0 a man ( le>n+ & ta/e1 & he 0 capable ( giv+ light to compositions =m$ by ! rules ( art1 & adorn$ by ! graces cull$ f an intimate k ( ! f9e/ ( human works4 ,b vanity 0 /ill ! ma9spr+1--a vanity accompani$ by hone/y ( pr9ciple & indep5d5ce ( s\l1 & yet :i* 0 vanity--! wor%ip ( self--! mak+ 8 own individuality ! mirror 9 :i* ! _w 0 reflect$4 ,ugo ,foscolo 0 born 9 ! isl& ( ,zante1 ab\t ! ye> #aggh4 ,! ,ionian isles _h long be5 "u ! dom9ion ( ,v5ice4 ,! family ( ,foscolo 0 ( ,v5etian orig92 & 8 fa!r 0 a surgeon 9 ! navy ( ! republic4 ,little is kn[n ( 8 e>ly ye>s4 ,he seldom m5tion$ !m 9 conv]sation1 ?\gh 8 imag9ation sometimes delight$ to recur to ! sunny l& ( 8 bir?1 & to regret x4 ,9 "o ( 8 sonnets he exclaims1-- ,ne pi mai toc*] le sacre sponde ,ove il mio corpo fanciulletto giacque ,zac9to mia1 *e te spec*i nell' onde ,del ,greco m>4 ,tu non altro *e il canto avrai del figlio1 ,o mat]na mia t]ra2 a noi prescrisse ,il fato illacrimata sepoltura4 ,o6 nev] m %all ,i ?y sacr$ %ores ,approa*1 :]e my "y limbs fir/ sprung to life1 ,belov$ ,zante6 :o look'/ ^u ! waves ,( ! ,greek sea2 & ?\ ! song alone ,may'/ claim ( ?y lo/ son1 mat]nal l&6 ,= fate to him decrees an unwept tomb4 ,! ,ionian isl&s 7 at t "t held z colonies ( ! ,v5etian gov]nm5t1 & tyrannis$ ov] by ! mo/ odi\s & oppressive laws4 ,among o!rs1 no s*ools nor colleges 7 all[$ to exi/1 & ! y\? ( ! isl&s 7 s5t to ,v5ice = ! purposes ( education4 ,at an e>ly age1 !re=e1 ,foscolo repair$ to ! p>5t city4 ,8 fa!r1 x w\ld seem1 0 at ?is "t dead1 = we he> only ( 8 "m1 to :om he 0 always t5d]ly atta*$2 & x appe>s t %e1 also1 transf]r$ h]self to ,v5ice at ! same p]iod4 ,foscolo seldom m5tion$ 8 family1 ) ! exception ( 8 "m4 ,he _h two bro!rs1 "o :o di$1 x is report$ by 8 own h&1 ab\t ! ye> #agig2 ! o!r enli/$ z a soldi]1 & rose1 f 8 good conduct & val\r1 to ! rank ( capta9 ( dragoons4 ,:5 boyhood 0 pass$1 ,foscolo 0 s5t to ! univ]sity ( ,padua1 & /udi$ "u ,ces>otti4 ,!re 0 great dissimil>ity 9 ! ta/es & lit]>y op9ions ( ! ma/] & pupil2 & ?us ,foscolo soon display$ 8 orig9al & indep5d5t turn ( m9d4 ,ces>otti expla9$ & comm5t$ ^u ,hom]1 & und]took at ! same "t to em5d & improve ! v]ses ( ! fa!r ( poetry4 ,he pref]r$ ,voltaire to ,euripides1 & ,ossian to ,hom]4 ,:ile a great portion ( ridicule atta*es itself to su* p>adoxes1 ! real le>n+ & ext5sive read+ ( ! pr(essor b5efit$ 8 s*ol>s2 & by lib]at+ !m f ! n>r[ sy/em ( in/ruction :i* _h subsi/$ = _m ye>s1 he introduc$ !m1 z x 71 f ! pal$ & gu>d$ p>k ( classical lit]ature1 to ! wilds1 ! moors1 ! incult m\nta9s1 9 %ort1 to all ! va/ v>iety ( unfett]$ nature4 ,foscolo1 ?\gh taught by ! advocate ( ,ossian1 0 all 8 life a wor%ipp] ( ,hom]4 ,/udi\s1 z well z ard5t 9 8 lit]>y pursuits1 he became a critical s*ol>2 &1 admir+ n only ,greek poetry1 b ! fabric & ma*9]y :i* con/itute its /ructure1 he modell$ 8 own poetic productions on !m1 & made anci5t my?ology1 & allusions to classical hi/ory1 ! props z well z ! ornam5ts ( 8 v]ses4 ,at ! same "t he admitt$ ,ces>otti's rules ) reg>d to ! ,italian language1 & ab&on$ ! dialect ( ! ,trec5ti/i1--s long held up z a model1 & yet :i* _h become a dead tongue1--to =m an animat$1 simple1 liv+ language1 introduc+ into x phrases & words ( mod]n use2 expressions = ev] on ! lips ( ! ,italians1 ?\gh h]et(ore bani%$ f _! p5s4 ,we are told t1 on leav+ college1 ,foscolo hesitat$ :e!r to ent] ! cl]ical pr(ession1 :i* held out ! prospect ( compet5cy to its foll[]s2 b he 0 =tunately turn$ aside f a pr(ession ^: n>r[ rules & arbitr>y laws 7 9 direct opposition to 8 impetu\s & indep5d5t disposition4 ,in/ead ( assum+ ! tonsure1 ,foscolo resolv$ to foll[ 9 ! /eps ( ,alfi]i1 & to acquire fame z a trag$ian4 ,sid5ote3 #agig4 tat4 #ai4 ,he produc$ 8 drama ( ,?ye/es at ! e>ly age ( n9ete52 & x may be said to be a cr$itable production = a y\?4 ,x is f 8 aft] works t we judge t x 0 n inexp]i5ce1 b an absolute defect ( a c]ta9 species ( tal5t1 t made ?is boy's trag$y a m]e bald imitation ( ^? ( 8 illu/ri\s pr$ecessor4 ,alfi]i 0 n a fanciful poet2 8 tal5t lay 9 develop+ plot1 animat+ dialogue1 & int]e/+ ! read] by ! cla% ( passion1 or ! conc5trat$ feel+s ( a s+le p]son4 ,foscolo possess$ f> m ( ! peculi> _s ( poetry2 b x 0 ( didactic poetry4 ,he c\ld n inv5t incid5t1 nor describe any feel+s b su* z orig9at$ 9 8 own he>t4 ,?ye/es1 f\nd$ on "o ( ! dome/ic crimes ( ! un=tunate h\se ( ,pelops1 possesses all ! faults ( ,alfi]i's trag$ies4 ,he imitat$ him 9 produc+ only a few p]sonages on ! sc5e2 s t1 z a critic obs]ves1 x seems z if x 7 writt5 j aft] ! deluge1 :5 ! human race congregat$ by ?rees & f\rs3 obscurity ( plot is add$ to ?is simplicity ( action1 & ! purpose & aim ( ! poet is nev] cle>ly disc]n$4 ,"o sc5e foll[s ano!r1 n because produc$ by ! antec$5t "o1 b because x is necess>y t some?+ %\ld be said & done1 or all w\ld be at a full /op4 ,! language is cle> & en]getic2 b1 z we are un9t]e/$ by ! ideas :i* x conveys1 ?is mu/ appe> a v second>y m]it4 ,?ye/es1 h[ev]1 succe$$ 9 ! !atre2 &1 z success 9 repres5tation is c]ta9ly ! te/ ( dramatic m]it1 we might suppose "s lat5t en]gy 9 its concoction1 unapp>5t to ! read]1 b t its success appe>s to h aris5 f political feel+4 ,x 0 act$ = ! fir/ "t on ,janu>y #d4 #agig1 9 ! !atre ( ,/4 ,angelo at ,v5ice1 to a va/ conc\rse ( spectators1 & 0 repeat$ ) applause = n9e consecutive nights4 ,! extreme y\? ( ! au?or fill$ ! audi5ce ) admiration1 & he 0 call$ = aft] ! repres5tation4 ,we _c well disc]n ! political allusions t gave x its *ief int]e/1 except t ! "n ( k+ & tyrant are made synonym\s2 a /yle1 x might be imag9$1 nei!r di/a/eful nor injuri\s to a republican gov]nm5t1 h[ev] ari/ocratic4 ,x w\ld appe>1 h[ev]1 t ?is avidity = lib]al s5tim5ts 0 ! cause ( its tempor>y success2 = x 0 nev] aga9 act$ on any /age 9 ,italy4 ,adv]sity mean:ile 0 hang+ ov] ! head ( ! poet4 ,! fall ( ,v5ice1 :i* occurr$ 9 ! autumn ( ! same ye>1 depriv$ him ( ! v "n ( c\ntry4 ,hatr$ ( ! ,au/rian is a s5tim5t pr(\ndly engrav$ 9 e ,italian he>t2 & :5 ,v5ice 0 made ov] by treaty to ! ,g]man despot1 ,foscolo became a volunt>y exile4 ,:e!r he 0 9 dang] ( be+ m>k$ out 9 any ( ! li/s ( proscription does n appe>2 b z x is evid5t t he is ! h]o ( 8 ,lett]s ( ,jacopo ,ortis1 we ga!r f t book1 t 8 fri5ds fe>$ = 8 p]sonal lib]ty if he rema9$1 & bes\ght him to %elt] himself1 :ile !re 0 yet "t1 f ! enmity ( ! new gov]nm5t4 ,i h left ,v5ice1 ,ortis writes1 to avoid ! fir/ & mo/ viol5t p]secutions4 ,h[ _m victims rema96 ,we ,italians ourselves ba! our h&s 9 ,italian blood4 ,let :at w happ5 to me6 ,s9ce ,i despair ( good1 ei!r = myself or my c\ntry1 ,i c await 9 tranquillity a prison or dea?4 ,all ^! lett]s are full ( ! indignant /ruggles1 & ! sorr[1 z well z ( ! op9ions :i* rul$ ! he>t ( ,foscolo1 z he f\nd himself driv5 a w&]] f 8 home1 sometimes lam5t+ 8 own mis=tunes1 sometimes ^? ( 8 c\ntry4 ,h[ _m ( our fell[-citiz5s rep5t _! flight f home1 he writes1 & m\rn6 = :at c we expect except indig5ce & indignity--or1 at ! be/1 t brief & /]ile compassion :i* uncivilis$ nations (f] to ! /rang] exile8 ,& :]e %all ,i seek an asylum--9 ,italy8 ,unhappy l&6 & c ,i behold ^? :o h robb$1 scorn$1 & sold u1 & n weep ) rage8 ,oh6 if ! tyrants 7 "o only1 & if ! slaves 7 less abject1 my h& w\ld suffice4 ,b ^? :o n[ blame me = c[>dice w\ld !n accuse me ( crime2 & ! prud5t w\ld lam5t ov]1 n ! h]oism ( "o resolv$1 b ! fr5zy ( a desp]ate man4 ,:at c be done betwe5 two p[]ful nations1 :o1 f be+ sworn1 f]oci\s1 & et]nal enemies1 colleague to enslave u8 & :]e =ce alone does n avail1 ! "o cajoles u ) ! "n ( lib]ty1 ! o!r ) t ( religion2 & we1 debas$ by anci5t s]vitude & new-born lic5ce1 groan1 betray$1 enslav$1 fami%$1 & yet n r\s$1 ei!r by treason or fam9e4 ,ah6 if ,i c\ld1 ,i w\ld de/roy my h\se & all de> to me1 & myself ) !m2 ,i w\ld leave no?+ = ! tyrants to triumph ov]4 ,7 !re n p :o1 to escape ! ,romans1 robb]s ( ! _w1 gave to ! flames _! dwell+s1 _! wives1 _! *ildr51 & !mselves1 bury+ _! sacr$ indep5d5ce among ! glori\s a%es ( _! c\ntry8 ,?us passionately atta*$ to lib]ty1 ,foscolo 0 n to be delud$ by ! false halo t !n surr\nd$ ! "n ( ,bonap>te1 or by ! fallaci\s promises ( ! ,fr5* republican crusad]s4 ,ano!r set ( lov]s ( _! c\ntry1 he writes1 lam5t l\dly4 ,!y exclaim t !y are betray$ & sold2 b1 if !y _h arm$ !mselves1 !y might h be5 conqu]$1 b nev] _h be5 betray$2 & if !y _h def5d$ !mselves to ! la/ drop ( blood1 ! conqu]ors c\ld n h sold1 nor w\ld ! conqu]$ h s\ght to buy1 !m4 ,_m ( our c\ntrym5 imag9e t fre$om c be b\ght ) money4 ,!y fancy t =eign nations come f a dis9t]e/$ love ( ju/ice to slaught] ea* o!r mutually on our fields1 = ! sake ( lib]at+ ,italy4 ,b w ! ,fr5*1 :o h r5d]$ ! div9e !ory ( public lib]ty execrable1 become ,timoleons = our sakes8 ,_m1 mean:ile1 confide 9 ! "y h]o1 sprung f ,italian blood1 born :]e our language is spok54 ,b ,i expect no?+ useful or noble f a cruel & base m9d4 ,:at is x to me t he has ! /r5g? & ro> ( ! lion1 if he h ! s\l ( a fox--& glories 9 x8 ,yes6 base & cruel2 nor are ^! epi!ts exagg]at$4 ,has he n sold ,v5ice1 ) op5 & boa/$ b>b>ity8 ,selim ,i41 :o caus$ #cj1jjj ,circassian w>riors1 :o _h surr5d]$1 confid+ 9 8 fai?1 to be massacr$ on ! %ores ( ! ,nile2 & ,nadir ,%ah1 :o1 9 our "t1 massacr$ #cjj1jjj ,indians1 are m atroci\s1 b less contemptible4 ,) ^! eyes ,i saw a democratic con/itution sign$ by ! "y h]o2 yes1 x 0 subscrib$ by 8 own h&1 & s5t by ,pass]iano to ,v5ice = acceptance2 & at t v "t ! treaty ( ,campo ,=mio 0 already confirm$ & ratifi$3 ,v5ice 0 sold2 & ! confid5ce :i* ! h]o fo/]$ 9 u all1 has fill$ ,italy ) proscriptions & exiles4 ,i d n blame ! reasons ( /ate1 ?r\gh :i* nations are sold l flocks ( %eep2 x 0 ev] s1 & s w x ev] be3 b ,i grieve = my c\ntry1 :i* ,i h lo/4 ',he 0 born ,italian1 & w "o day reg5]ate 8 c\ntry3' o!rs may believe ?is1--,i nev] c4 ,i repli$1 & %all always reply1 ',nature made him a tyrant1 & a tyrant c>es n = 8 c\ntry1 nor does he possess "o4' ,rum9at+ on all ^! viol5t & bitt] feel+s1 ! (fspr+ ( patriotism & adv]sity1 ,foscolo took ! road to ,tuscany4 ,9 ?is bless$ l&1 he writes1 poetry & lett]s fir/ awoke f b>b>ism4 ,:]ev] ,i turn1 ,i behold ! h\ses :]e 7 born1 & ! turf t cov]s1 ^? r5[n$ ,tuscans2 & ,i fe> at e /ep to tread on _! rema9s4 ,tuscany is a g>d51 its inhabitants are naturally c\rte\s1 ! sky s]5e1 & ! air full ( life & heal?2 b ,i am n happy "h4 ,i hope always = bett] ?+s on ! morr[1 :5 ,i %all rea* ano!r t[n3 b to-morr[ arrives1 & ,i pass f city to city2 & ?is /ate ( exile & solitude gr[s ea* day m un5durable4 ,we ,italians are =eign]s & exiles ev5 9 ,italy2 & sc>cely d we leave our little native t]ritory1 ?an nei!r und]/&+1 nor fame1 nor blameless habits c %elt] u2 & we are lo/ if we endeav\r to di/+ui% ourselves4 ,our v fell[-citiz5s look ^u all ,italians :o are n natives ( _! own t[n1 & on ^: limbs ! same *a9s d n hang1 z /rang]s4 ,?us ,tuscany af=d$ no asylum to ! fugitive4 ,he desir$ to see no "o 9 ,flor5ce except ,alfi]i2 & ! retir$ & res]v$ habits ( ! c\nt prev5t$ 8 seek+ 8 acqua9tance4 ,he saw him1 z he describes 9 "o ( 8 poems1 w&]+ sil5tly along ! mo/ solit>y bank ( ! ,arno1 gaz+ anxi\sly on e>? & heav52 b1 f9d+ no?+ liv+ t c\ld w>m 8 he>t1 he took refuge 9 ! aisles ( ,santa ,croce1 :ile wi%$-= dea? ov]spread 8 c\nt5ance ) pallid hues4#ed ,! sil5ce & ! conc5trat$ melan*oly ( ,alfi]i made a deep impression on ! m9d ( 8 admir]2 & ,foscolo s\ght aft]w>ds to imitate x 9 8 own p]son1 =getful t 8 natural impetuosity & vehem5ce 7 v dissimil> to ! gloom & pride ( 8 model4 ,f ,flor5ce1 ,foscolo pursu$ 8 way to ,milan1 :i* 0 !n ! capital ( ! ,cisalp9e republic1 & imp>t$ its rights ( citiz5%ip to all ! w&]+ patriots ( ,italy4 ,! new republic af=d$ a /range spectacle3 =m$ ^u notions ( ,greek & ,roman lib]ty1 pick$ up f le>n$ prie/s1 m+l$ ) mod]n notions ( fre$om1 x display$ ! mo/ ridicul\s ana*ronisms2 & its memb]s1 all ,italians1 yet /rang]s to ea* o!r1 & reg>d+ ) oblique looks all ^? born 9 a diff]5t city1 met )\t amalgamat+4 ,! "y f\nd hope & life 9 ! new /age on :i* !y 7 p]mitt$ to act a "p2 & ?\gh ridicule & blame might be atta*$ to _m ( _! public actions1 /ill ! m sangu9e lov]s ( _! c\ntry hop$ t1 :5 ! fir/ spr+tide ( en?usiasm %\ld ebb1 prud5ce1 unanimity1 & /r5g? w\ld be ! fir/ born ( national indep5d5ce4 ,foscolo1 h[ev]1 0 n among ^?4 ,irascible & misan?ropic1 & s5sitively alive to ! suff]+s ( 8 fell[-creatures1 he saw ! evils ar\nd him1 & despond$4 ,"o ( ! advantages d]iv$ f ?is new capital 01 t x s]v$ to draw toge!r ! mo/ di/+ui%$ ,italians )9 ! walls ( ! same city4 ,ea* t[n ( ! p59sula s5t "s man e/eem$ = 8 tal5ts2 & names1 scatt]$ be=e ov] ! surface ( ! c\ntry1 n[ congregat$ toge!r4 ,foscolo _h ?us an opportunity ( becom+ acqua9t$ ) all 8 m illu/ri\s c\ntrym54 ,9 8 ,lett]s ( ,jacopo ,ortis1 he m5tions ,p>9i especially ) rev]5ce & affection2 & he became intimate also ) ,monti1 :o !n display$ f]v\r 9 ! cause ( lib]ty1 :ile 8 inw>d dislike = ! memb]s ( ! actual gov]nm5t mu/ h accord$ ) ! s5tim5ts ( ,foscolo4 ,two decrees1 pass$ at t "t1 s]v$1 inde$1 to %[ t blame des]v$ly atta*$ itself to !m3 "o 0 ! law enact$ to deprive ( (fice all ^? :o _h =m]ly writt5 aga9/ lib]ty--an act ( despotism levell$ expressly aga9/ ,monti2 ! o!r 0 ! s5t5ce pass$ by ! great c\ncil aga9/ ! ,lat9 language3 :e!r x 0 because ,lat9 0 ! language ( _! religion & ! prie/s1 or f m]e /upid b>b>ism1 !y pass$ a decree to prohibit its be+ taught 9 ! public s*ools4 ,foscolo saw1 9 ! languages ( ! anci5t _w1 n only ! root ( all our k1 b also ! mo/ spl5did monum5ts ( human intellect3 he knew h[ fallaci\s & trivial all translations are2 he 0 imbu$ to ! he>t ) a love ( classic lore2 & he saw1 9 ! suppression ( ! ,lat91 ! p>am\nt influ5ce ( ! ,fr5* language4 ,no wond] t he1 z well z e well-educat$ man1 reg>d$ su* a law & its promulgators ) m+l$ scorn & disgu/4 ,to make ! resemblance betwe5 ,foscolo & 8 imag9>y h]o1 ,jacopo ,ortis1 ! m exact1 we are told t1 at ?is v "t1 he fell 9 love ) a "y lady ( ,pisa3 8 passions1 naturally vehem5t1 7 inflam$ to _! utmo/ by ! influ5ce ( ! mo/ engross+ ( !m all4 ,! object ( 8 atta*m5t 0 s+ul>ly beautiful2 h] l>ge black eyes1 ri* rav5 hair1 h] dignifi$ /ature & noble c>riage1 h] :ole p]son1 9 %ort1 ca/ 9 ! v m\ld ( maje/ic beauty1 0 =m$ to inspire admiration & love4 ,%e possess$ also all t natural tal5t :i* s usually falls to ! lot ( ,italian wom53 h] voice 0 h>moni\s1 & h] pr(ici5cy 9 music great4 ,%e 0 kn[n aft]w>ds to sev]al ( ! biograph]s ( h] lov]2 &1 ) ! simplicity & frankness usual to ! ,italians1 spoke op5ly ( _! mutual atta*m5t4 ,"o among !m1 aft] call+ ! lady ! fl[] ( all lovel9ess1 adds1 ,we he>d f h]--= %e yet lives--t ! few l9es cit$ z be+ writt5 by ,t]esa1 9 a lett] ( ,ortis1 dat$ #ag? ,septemb]1 #agih1 7 a "p ( a lett] :i* %e wrote to ,foscolo4#ee ,giuseppe ,pec*io1 9 8 ,life ( ,foscolo1 speaks ( h] ) great en?usiasm3 ,i saw h]1 he writes1 sev]al times aft] %e 0 m>ri$1 :51 at a private !atre1 %e took ! "p ( ,isabella 9 ! ',filippo' ( ,alfi]i2 & ,i /ill rememb]1 ) pleasure1 h] dignifi$ action & h] expressive c\nt5ance1 :i* fill$ ! audi5ce ) en?usiasm1 & c>ri$ _! feel+s along ) h]4 ,?is atta*m5t 0 n =tunate2 & ,foscolo suff]$ all ! ?roes ( disappo9tm5t & grief4 ,viol5t 9 all 8 feel+s1 love possess$ 8 he>t l a burn+ fire2 he grew sull5 & gloomy1 only break+ sil5ce by mutt]+ a few s5t5ces indicative ( 8 ard5t desire = self-de/ruction4 ,he did n op5ly speak ( 8 passion2 b 8 feel+s ov]fl[$ on pap]1 & he wrote & publi%$ ,! ,lett]s ( ,two ,lov]s1 a sort ( novel1 :i* aft]w>ds s]v$ z a f\ndation to ! ,lett]s ( ,ortis4 ,:ile ?us occupi$ by lit]ature & love1 he add$ ! duties ( a m labori\s pr(ession4 ,bonap>te1 hav+ creat$ ! ,cisalp9e republic1 /rove to raise an ,italian army = its def5ce4 ,! ,lomb>d legion =m$ ! nucleus ( ^! troops1 & ! sons ( ! noble/ families 9 ,italy accept$ commissions3 among o!rs1 ,foscolo became an (fic]4 ,sid5ote3 #ahjj4 tat4 #bb4 ,! abs5ce1 h[ev]1 ( ,bonap>te 9 ,egypt1 & ! invasion ( ! ,au/rio-,russian army1 put a sudd5 end to ! exi/5ce ( ! new republic4 ,at ! same "t t ,monti fl$ across ! ,alps1 & w&]$1 a fami%$ exile1 among ! rav9es & woods ( ,savoy1 ,foscolo1 =c$ also to provide = 8 own safety1 took refuge 9 ,g5oa1 & jo9$ ! ,fr5* g>rison comm&$ by ,mass5a4 ,x 0 "h t ! ,fr5* made a la/ /&1 endeav\r+ to /op ! progress ( ! invad+ army4 ,! siege ( ,g5oa 0 =m$2 & ,foscolo1 s]v+ "u ! ,fr5* bann]s1 _h an opportunity ( /udy+ at once ! milit>y art & ! sci5ce ( gov]nm5t dur+ ! v>i\s *ances ( a long & ardu\s /ruggle4 ,:ile day la/$1 !re 7 p]petual combats along ! :ole l9e ( m\nta9s :i* surr\nd ,g5oa to ! nor?2 & ! night 0 sp5t 9 popul> assemblies1 9 :i* ! lead]s /rove to inspire ! citiz5s ) resolution to endure ! evils ( ! siege4 ,^! soon grew intol]able2 & fam9e1 & consequ5t disease1 made frightful ravages4 ,foscolo sometimes collect$ ! p toge!r 9 a spot ( ! city made fam\s by ! act ( an ,au/rian corporal1 :o 7#agdh7 /ruck ) 8 cane a ,g5oese1 :o 0 /riv+ 9 va9 to move a cannon3 he endeav\r$ to animate 8 audi5ce to h]oic de$s1 by describ+ ! magnanim\s v5geance ) :i* _! ance/ors _h v9dicat$ ! insult4 ,nor 0 he less =w>d 9 ! p]=mance ( 8 milit>y duties2 & 8 "n occurs 9 ! li/s ( ^? :o 7 mo/ di/+ui%$ = _! brav]y4 ,dur+ ! siege1 on occasion ( ,napoleon's return f ,egypt1 & be+ nam$ consul1 ,foscolo address$ a lett] to him f ,g5oa1 :i* prophesi$ ! height to :i* he w\ld h]eaft] rise1 & bes\ght him to re/ cont5t ) 8 pres5t exaltation1 nor to ta9t 8 well-m]it$ r5[n by s*emes ( unmeasur$ ambition4 ,?is lett]1 :i* is ( two pages only1 is writt5 ) ! fre$om ( a patriot & ! dignity ( a dis9t]e/$ & noble m9d4 ,he incurr$ no dang] by ?is address1 b he displeas$ ! e> ( p[]2 & ! tru? & frankness ( 8 repres5tations =m an hon\rable contra/ ) ! g5]al adulation1 & ! b>efac$ flatt]ies1 :i* o!r writ]s address$ to ! victor4 ,! en]getic m9d ( ,foscolo 0 n satisfi$ by ! ardu\s duties ( 8 pr(ession1 to :i* 7 add$ ! n less excit+ task ( guid+ & animat+ ! m9ds ( ! citiz5s ( ,g5oa1 :5 !y flagg$ "u ! visitation ( ! mo/ frightful calamities4 ,x 0 at ?is p]iod t he wrote an ode to ,luigia ,pallavic9i1 on h] fall+ f h] horse1 :i* betrays no signs ( ! suff]+s :i* he 0 endur+1 except its motto1 tak5 f ,horace3 ,sollicit oblivia vit4 ,?is poem is all grace1 elegance1 & classic allusion2 b !re is no orig9ality nor poetic fire4 ,! ma*9]y is my?ological1 ! imag]y drawn f ! same s\rce2 & x is r ! "w ( "o imbu$ ) ! poetry ( ! anci5ts1 & translat+ rememb]$ ideas into 8 native language1 ?an ! outp\r+s ( a m9d inspir$ by passion & nature4 ,x is /range t ,foscolo %\ld h f\nd "t to compose v]ses at a p]iod :5 ! t[n he inhabit$ 0 be+ bomb>d$ by ! ,engli% fleet1 :5 ! ,au/rians 7 mak+ daily assaults1 & ! /reets 7 fill$ by a fami%$ & dy+ multitude4 ,b :ile ,foscolo %>$ ! lab\rs & dang]s ( ! g>rison1 he did n p>take _! amusem5ts2 & :ile !y 7 imm]s$ 9 ! gross] pleasures ( ! bottle1 ( c>ds1 & smok+1 he took refuge 9 8 imag9ation1 & f\nd relief 9 ! soo?+ & ref9$ feel+s g5]at$ by /udy & poetry4 ,mean:ile ,g5oa1 r$uc$ by fam9e1 surr5d]$ on ! #d? ( ,june1 #ahjj1 ) ! condition t ! g>rison %\ld be convey$ to ,france by ! ,engli% fleet4 ,foscolo accompani$ 8 fell[-soldi]s1 b he endur$ only a brief exile f 8 c\ntry4 ,! battle ( ,m>5go drove ! ,au/rians f ,italy2 ! ,cisalp9e republic 0 re/or$2 & ,foscolo1 toge!r ) ! re/ ( ! ,italian fugitives1 return$ to ,milan4 ,already kn[n z an au?or & a man ( lett]s1 he increas$ 8 fame at ?is p]iod by ! publication ( ! ,la/ ,lett]s ( ,jacopo ,ortis1 a romance :i* at once acquir$ great popul>ity1 &1 z be+ ! fir/ t _h be5 writt5 9 ! ,italian language1 dem&$ ! praise ( "s sort ( orig9ality4 ,yet its *ief fault is1 t x is an imitation4 ,foscolo c\ld n inv5t incid5ts1 nor weave ! artful texture ( a well-told /ory4 ,! plot ( ,ortis is simil> to t ( ,goe!'s m celebrat$ romance ( ,w]t]4 ,a y\? ( disappo9t$ expectations1 & dev\r$ by a morbid melan*oly1 falls 9 love ) a girl :o is already betro!d to ano!r4 ,he resolves to die z soon z ! m>riage %all take place2 b1 mean:ile1 fo/]s 8 passion by frequ5t+ ! society ( ! "y lady4 ,%e _h nev] be5 atta*$ to h] int5d$ husb&1 & is ! victim ( ob$i5ce to h] fa!r's w1 :o1 besides t 8 hon\r is engag$1 w\ld h f\nd an insup]able ob/acle to ! pret5sions ( ,ortis 9 8 plebeian bir?4 ,8 sorr[+ daught]1 :ile %e obeys1 returns ! affection ( h] passionate1 ador+ lov]2 h] de/9$ husb& become jeal\s1 h] fa!r uneasy2 & ,ortis1 call$ ^u by duty & fri5d%ip1 abs5ts himself f h] society3 he travels to ,flor5ce1 to ,milan1 to ,g5oa2 & !n1 he>+ ( ,t]esa's m>riage1 retraces 8 /eps to ! ,euganean hills1 ! abode ( 8 mi/ress1 & fulfils 8 long-nurtur$ int5tion ( putt+ an end to 8 exi/5ce4 ,! slight diff]5ces betwe5 ?is /ory & ,w]t] are f\nd$ on ,foscolo's own atta*m5t1 be=e allud$ to4 ,!re is1 inde$1 ?is ma9 diff]5ce betwe5 ! "w ( ,g! & t ( ,foscolo1--t ! =m] is1 s to speak1 a dramatic1 & ! latt] a didactic1 au?or4 ,g! f\nd$ 8 /ory on ! feel+s ( ano!r4 ,he del9eat$ ! s5tim5ts & passions ( 8 un=tunate "y fri5d ,j]usalem2 &1 putt+ himself 9 8 place1 fill$ out1 f 8 own exp]i5ce & imag9ation1 ! v>i\s portions ( a picture1 ! mo/ highly wr\ght1 ref9$1 & true t1 p]haps1 exi/s 9 ! _w ( fictiti\s portraits4 ,foscolo pa9t$ a beau ideal ( himself4 ,s full 0 8 m9d ( 8 own idea1 t he prefix$ a portrait ( ,ortis1 :i* 0 only a fav\r$ lik5ess ( himself4 ,l ! au?or1 ,ortis fl$ f ,v5ice :5 x 0 made ov] to ! ,au/rians4 ,l ! au?or1 8 he>t 0 tortur$ by patriotic suff]+s1 & 8 s\l 0 9 arms aga9/ ! oppressor4 ,ortis1 l ,foscolo1 saw mis]y & evil rife ar\nd him3 compassion rose ) him into a passion2 & 8 he>t bl$ & burnt alt]nately1 z he piti$ ! victim1 & abhorr$ ! tyrant4 ,ortis1 l ,foscolo1 m$itat$ suicide z ! cure = all evils1 & reg>d$ dea? z a h>b\r :5ce to retreat f ! tempe/s ( life4 ,yet ,foscolo did n1 l ,ortis1 de/roy himself2 because1 we are apt to say1 he is 9 ?is great] ?an 8 prototype1 s9ce he felt p[]s & capacities )9 him t l$ him to cont9ue to endure ! evils ( life1 to raise = himself a "n among 8 fell[-creatures1 to b5efit & to exhort !m2 :ile ,ortis1 l a weak plant t wants all self-erect+ p[]1 fell pro/rate1 & 0 trampl$ on by ! iron heels ( de/9y4 ,egoti/s1 p]haps1 are1 ( all p1 ! lea/ likely to put an end to !mselves2 yet !y l to dwell on _! own dea?s1 &1 feel+ t ! drama ( _! lives is incomplete )\t a /rik+ cata/rophe1 !y pond] on x1 &1 if l$ to br+ !mselves =w>d1 are pretty sure to adorn _! lives by describ+ its disa/r\s conclusion4 ,?is morbid %r9k+ f ! woes ( exi/5ce1 ?is total want ( =titude1 add$ to a lively s5sibility1 pres5ts a picture :i*1 a few ye>s ago1 0 ! model by :i* ! y\? ( ,europe delight$ to dress _! m9ds4 ,m5 ne$ a c>e]--an hope1 an aim3 ! ,fr5* revolution fir/ gave new life to ^! natural in/9cts1 & !n1 aid$ by ,napoleon's despotism1 blight$ & tore !m up4 ,s9ce !n1 a bett] day has dawn$1 & m5 are glad to live = ! morr[1 s9ce ea* day is full ( _s-/irr+ expectation4 ,! influ5ce ( a book l ,ortis is null n[3 x 0 p]nici\s at ! "t :5 x 0 writt54 ,& yet1 9 repres5t+ 8 h]o z a self-de/roy]1 ,foscolo 0 n )\t moral aim4 ,! ,italians fe> dea? to ! ext5t ( ! mo/ contemptible c[>dice2 !y consid] any "o insane :o engages 9 any actions t ev5 remotely endang] 8 life2 & ,foscolo 0 e>ne/ to prove t dea? 0 n ! wor/ ( evils1 b t x might be s\ght volunt>ily z a refuge f slav]y or woe4 ,we f9d1 !re=e1 conjo9$ to intol]ance ( p]sonal suff]+1 ! mo/ ard5t patriotism1 integrity1 & indep5d5ce ( _s2 lively compassion = ! physical evils ( ! poor1 :i* are too (t5 disreg>d$2 & obs]vations on life & our natural feel+s1 full ( delicacy & pr(\nd tru?4 ,:at m true ?an ! rem>k1 t we are too pr\d to give our compassion1 :5 we feel t we c give no?+ else8 ,:at c come m home to a man ( s5sibility ?an ! exclamation ( ,ortis1--,i am always 9 p]fect h>mony ) ! unhappy1 = inde$ ,i always f9d some?+ wick$ 9 ! prosp]\s8 ,&1 aga91 :5 he says1 ,let u ga!r up a treasure ( de> & soo?+ feel+s1 :i*1 dur+ ! c\rse ( ye>s1 de/9$1 p]haps1 to be sad & p]secut$1 may awak5 ! memory t we h n always be5 unhappy4 ,ano!r m]it :i* ^! lett]s h may be m5tion$1 :i* an ,italian au?or has also discov]$3 !y display a love =1 & an obs]vation (1 nature1 seldom f\nd among _! greate/ writ]s4 ,! ,italians1 g5]ally speak+1 are n lov]s ( nature3 full ( passion & tal5t1 yet !y d n ally !mselves to ! mighty "m1 nor d _! pulses beat responsive to h] v>i$ & liv+ ph5om5a4 ,dante alone1 p]haps1 displays a true feel+ = ext]nal objects1 describ+ !m z !y are1 & z !y may be suppos$ to feel2 :ile ! o!rs dilate r on _! beauty1 z if !y pres5t$ a sc5ic exhibition1 ?an 7 9 !mselves animat$ be+s to feel & h exi/5ce4 ,! rambles ( ,ortis amid/ ! ,euganean hills2 ! s5tim5ts ) :i* he contemplates a tempe/ & ! succe$+ calm2 ! glories ( summ]1 or tyranny ( w9t]2 resemble ^? s (t5 to be f\nd 9 ,engli% au?ors1 & give ! "w a *>m peculi> to itself4 ,! /yle1 also1 ( ^! lett]s 7& ! ,italians make /yle a *ief m]it7 is pure1 elegant1 & =cible4 ,x creat$ a language hi!rto unkn[n to 8 c\ntrym51 unit+ ! famili> & colloquial ) ! ta/eful & ! expressive4 ,x is too rhetorical1 ev5 ?us1 = our e>s2 b ! ,italians easily p>don inflation4 ,! success ( ,ortis 0 imm$iate & /rik+4 ,! ,italians usually love to be amus$ & made laugh2 b !y 7 caught by ! *>m1 & cont5t to weep ov] ! mis=tunes ( ! victim ( love4 ,! au?or _h artfully contriv$ to m+le himself inextricably ) ! image ( 8 h]o2 & ! ladies ( ,italy 7 int]e/$ by 8 appe>ance1 unc\? z x 01 & 8 mann]s1 dissimil> to ! inanity ( _! usual companions4 ,he became :at we call a lion1 & he himself fell 9 love ) "o ( 8 fair admir]s2 b1 z is too (t5 ! case :]e ! au?or is m ?\ght ( ?an ! man1 ?is lady's love 0 m ( ! head ?an ! he>t1 & ,foscolo1 aft] a %ort p]iod1 0 dismiss$4 ,we are told t ?is lady 0 ! daught] ( ! c\rte\s ,m>*esa ,f41 m5tion$ by ,/]ne 9 8 ,s5tim5tal ,j\rney4 ,true passion (t5 en=ces sympa?y2 o!rwise1 we _c wond] t ,foscolo did n create a s5tim5t 9 ano!r z /rong z t :i* he himself felt4 ,9 p]sonal appe>ance he 0 n =m$ to excite t5d] admiration4 ,pec*io1 :o knew him at ?is "t1 describes him 9 vivid b no attractive col\rs4 ,accord+ to him1 ,foscolo 0 ( middle /ature1 r /rong & muscul> ( frame2 he _h ?ick1 r$di%1 r\gh hair1 :i* add$ to 8 expression ( wild vehem5ce1 & r5d]$ 8 fits ( gloomy sil5ce1 or transports ( rage1 m horrible4 ,8 eyes 7 ( a bluei% grey1 small1 deep set1 & int5sely sp>kl+4 ,8 complexion 0 ruddy2 8 features well =m$1 except t 8 lips1 ?\gh ?91 protrud$1 hav+ t animal-look ab\t ! jaw :i* is ! opposite ( ! beau idal ( ! human c\nt5ance3 he wore 8 *9 ?ickly cov]$ ) hair1 :i* gave him a sort ( resemblance to an oran-outang4 ,!re is a /ory told ( him t a ,fr5*man said to him "o day1 ,v\s tes bi5 laid1 monsieur2 to :i* ,foscolo wittily repli$1 ,oui1 monsieur1 faire peur4 ,on ano!r occasion he 0 engag$ 9 a duel ) a fri5d1 :o imp]t95tly comp>$ him to ! animal above m5tion$4 ,to add to ! wildness & s+ul>ity ( 8 appe>ance1 he 0 fond1 9 an awkw>d sort ( imitation ( ,alfi]i1 ( appe>+ imm]s$ 9 ?\ght1 ma9ta9+ a gloomy sil5ce1 int]rupt$ only z he mutt]$1 or r gr[l$ =?1 v>i\s quotations or v]ses1 9 a voice :i* made an ,italian "y lady once "n him a s5tim5tal clap ( ?und]4 ,su* 0 ! outw>d appe>ance & mann]s ( ! ,italian ,w]t]2 & if he met ) success among ! fair sex1 x mu/ be attribut$ to ! ready sympa?y !y are apt to af=d to s9c]e feel+1 & to a g5]\s1 indep5d5t _s4 ,sid5ote #ahjb4 tat4 #bd4 ,:5 ,bonap>te1 "u ! "n ( fir/ consul1 rose to supreme p[] 9 ,france1 x became necess>y to remodel ! ,cisalp9e republic2 & a congress ( #dej deputies 0 held at ,lyons1 to decide on ! new =m ( gov]nm5t4 ,on ?is occasion ,foscolo publi%$ an ,oration to ,bonap>te4 ,a good deal ( unc]ta9ty exi/s z to ! exact circum/ances "u :i* ?is oration 0 compos$4 ,x has be5 suppos$ t x 0 deliv]$ publicly at ! congress2 b !re is no f\ndation = ?is idea1 z ,foscolo 0 n "o ( ! deputies1 & did n accompany !m to ,lyons4 ,x is said1 on "o h&1 t he wrote x at ! desire ( ,bonap>te himself2 & on ! o!r1 t ! task 0 entru/$ to him by ! triumvirate1 :o1 "u ! title ( committee ( gov]nm5t1 7 plac$ at ! head ( ! ,cisalp9e republic2 & x is said t ! oration 0 deliv]$ be=e ! committee itself#ef1 :i*1 consid]+ its nature1 c h>dly be believ$4 ,x comm5ces ) a gr&iloqu5t eulogium ( ,napoleon2 x !n div]ges into indignant & s>ca/ic repres5tations ( ! mal-conduct ( ! heads ( ! republic4 ,m51 he describes !m1 :o are nei!r /atesm5 nor w>riors1 =m]ly slaves1 n[ tyrants1 & = ev] slaves ( !mselves1 & ( circum/ances1 :i* !y nei!r w nor c comm&2 consci\s ( _! own vices1 & !re=e timid & discordant2 c[>dly ) ! bold1 bold ) ! c[>dly1 !y cru% accusations by brib]y1 & compla9ts by m5aces4 ,m5 :o took ! arms out ( ! h&s ( ! militia soldi]y1 an army =m$ ( citiz5s1 to give !m to b&s ( runaway felons & des]t]s4 ,he !n dilates on ! mis]ies endur$ 9 ,italy dur+ ! p]iod ( ! success ( ! ,au/rians & ,russians1 & describes ,bonap>te's return z ! adv5t ( a demigod2 & he calls on him to complete 8 "w by assum+ ! supreme comm&1 in/ead ( leav+ x to ! triumvirate1 :o betray$ ! cause ( lib]ty & oppress$ _! c\ntrym54 ,indep5d5t z ,foscolo 01 we are surpris$ :5 he goes on to say1 t e patriotic ,italian w\ld elect ,bonap>te = _! legislator1 capta91 fa!r1 & p]petual pr9ce4 ,b ?is surprise dim9i%es :5 we read on1 & f9d t he expects ?is supreme rul] to gift ! subject c\ntry ) lib]ty4 ,he entreats him n to entru/ ! /ate to m51 b to laws2 n to ! g5]osity ( o!r nations1 b to its own =ce4 ,let su* be y\r in/itutions1 he exclaims1 su* y\r example1 su* our /r5g?1 t no "o %all d>e rule u aft] y4 ,:o1 inde$1 w\ld be wor?y to succe$ to ,bonap>te8 ,z y _c live = ev] = u1 let ! seal ( our lib]ty be set2 y y\rself leav+ x inviolate3 &1 ) ! :ole nation1 ,i call fre$om our n hav+ 7) ! exception ( ,bonap>te7 any magi/rate :o is n ,italian1 nor any g5]al :o is n our fell[-citiz54 ,if1 :ile y live1 our lib]ty tott]s1 :at hope h we t x w endure aft] y are )drawn f ! e>?8 ,no6 !re is no lib]ty1 no prop]ty1 no life1 no s\l 9 any c\ntry1 & "u :atev] =m ( gov]nm5t1 :5 national indep5d5ce is fett]$6 ,x is impossible t ,foscolo1 despite 8 ass]tions1 & despite1 p]haps1 8 hopes1 %\ld n h be5 aw>e t ! /ronge/ *a9 t c be impos$ on ! fre$om ( a nation is its hav+ a =eign pr9ce at ! head ( gov]nm5t4 ,/ill he v9dicat$ ! cause he esp\s$1 by dem&+ national in/itutions & a national army4 ,! /yle ( ! oration is =cible1 b too rhetorical2 &1 ?\gh full ( tru?s t intimidat$ ! oppressors & did hon\r to ! free _s ( ! writ]1 calm] repres5tations & clos] reason+ w\ld comm& m ( our admiration4 ,n t su* w\ld h avail$ ) ! conqu]or3 ,italy 01 to him1 only "o o!r lev] add$ to ! va/ eng9e ( milit>y =ce :i* 0 to raise him to ! ?rone ( ! _w4 ,yet1 ?\gh n gift$ ) lib]ty1 ! pres5t epo* 0 a happy "o = ! nor? ( ,italy4 ,aft] suff]+ f ! p]secutions ( demagogues1 & f ! deva/ations ( w>1 x repos$ cont5t$ly "u ! wise & lib]al adm9i/ration ( ,melzi4 ,foscolo cont9u$ to inhabit ,milan3 by day imm]s$ 9 /udy1 8 ev5+s 7 sp5t 9 amusem5ts4 ,8 sangu9e disposition (t5 l$ him to try ! *ances ( a gambl+ table3 :5 he won1 he laun*$ out into extravagant exp5ses2 he b\ght horses & dress1 & hir$ ! mo/ magnific5t ap>tm5ts4 ,:5 ,=tune turn$ h] back1 all ?is %[ ( prosp]ity z sudd5ly disappe>$2 & he retir$ into a corn] to /udy4#eg ,9 "o ( ^! int]vals ( seclusion1 he wrote a translation ( ! ,hymn ( ,callima*us on ! ,hair ( ,b]5ice1 accompani$ by a :ole volume ( comm5ts4 ,! sort ( le>n+ :i* he "h display$ obta9$ no applause2 b we are told t ! erudition ?us made %[ ( _h = its aim1 n ! in/ruct+ ! ignorant1 b ! ridicule ( p$ants & book-worms4 ,x is difficult1 h[ev]1 to cull wit f ! dry bones ( v]bal criticism4 ,"u ! presid5cy ( ,melzi1 an ,italian legion _h be5 =m$ 9 :i* ,foscolo held a commission4 ,:5 ,bonap>te =m$ ! camp at ,b\logne1 = ! av[$ purpose ( invad+ ,engl&1 ! division ( ! ,italian army to :i* ! poet belong$ made "p ( ! va/ assemblage ( troops call$ toge!r4 ,he held ! rank ( capta91 & 0 atta*$ to ! /aff ( g5]al ,tulli4 ,! ,italian troops 7 /ation$ at ,/4 ,om] & ,calais1 at :i* latt] place ,foscolo ent]$ on ! /udy ( ! ,engli% language4 ,! spot :i* he select$ = ! purpose ( /udy 0 curi\sly *os53 he 0 (t5 se5 writ+ ) eag]ness by ! light ( ! lamp ( ! billi>d-table1 :ile 8 fell[-(fic]s 7 play+1 dr9k+1 & conv]s+ ar\nd4 ,to ex]cise himself 9 ,engli%1 he und]took ! translation ( ,/]ne's ,s5tim5tal ,j\rney2 & x is mu* prais$ = ! purity ( its /yle4 ,b ! mo/ curi\s "p ( ! publication is a disguis$ acc\nt ( ! translator4 ,foscolo's excessive vanity %9es v app>5t 9 ?is acc\nt ( himself1 9 :i* he indulges 9 an egoti/ical description ( 8 own s+ul>ities2 &1 accord+ to 8 old fancy1 conducts himself to ! grave1 & writes 8 own epitaph4 ,! title-page ( ! translation decl>es ! translator to be "o ,didimo ,*i]ico2 & on ! "* ( ?is ,didimo 7be+ himself7 ,foscolo fondly dilates2 m5tions v>i\s works ( 81 ! manuscripts ( :i* he says t he possesses2 & records 8 ecc5tricities & op9ions 9 a mann] :i* excites a smile1 :5 we rememb] t he is 8 own memoriali/ ( trifles1 :i* x w\ld be h>dly wor? m5tion+ :5 app]ta9+ to ! greate/ m54 ,didimo ent]ta9$1 he tells u1 /range sy/ems1 :i*1 nev]!less1 he did n def5d by argum5t2 &1 z apology to ^? :o br\ght =w>d irresi/ible reasons1 he repli$ by ! s+le ^w 'op9ions4' ,he respect$1 also1 ! sy/ems ( o!rs1 &1 f c>elessness or "s o!r motive1 nev] tri$ to refute !m2 b always rema9$ sil5t1 )\t mak+ sign ( diss5t1 except t he utt]$ ! ^w 'op9ions' ) religi\s s]i\sness4 ,on ^! sy/ems or notions he f\nd$ actions & words wor?y ( laught]4 ,he call$ don ,quixote happy1 because he delud$ himself ) glory & love4 ,he drove away cats1 because !y appe>$ to him ! mo/ sil5t ( all animals2 at ! same "t he prais$ !m1 because1 l dogs1 !y took advantage ( society1 & enjoy$ _! lib]ty l owls4 ,he did n believe t y c\ld tru/ any "o :o liv$ next door to a but*]1 or ne> ! place de/9$ = public executions4 ,he believ$ 9 prophetic inspiration1 & fanci$ t he 0 acqua9t$ ) its s\rce4 ,he accus$ ! nightcap1 dress+-g[n1 & slipp]s ( husb&s1 z ! cause ( a wife's fir/ infidelity4 ,he gave no bett] specim5 ( 8 k3 ass]t+ t ! sci5ces 7 a s]ies ( propositions :i* _h ne$ ( demon/rations app>5tly self-evid5t1 b sub/antially unc]ta92 & t geometry1 9 spite ( algebra1 w\ld rema9 an imp]fect sci5ce1 until ! incompreh5sible sy/em ( ! univ]se 0 kn[n3 & he ma9ta9$ t ! arts c\ld r5d] tru? m useful to m5 ?an ! sci5ces4 ,:5 travell+1 he d9$ at ! public tables3 he easily became famili>1 ?\gh he spoke dryly to ! c]emoni\s1 pr\dly to ! ri*1 & avoid$ all sects & confrat]nities4 ,he frequ5t$ mo/ly ! society ( wom52 because he ?\ght !m m ri*ly end[$ by nature ) pity & mode/y1 two pacific qualities :i*1 he said1 alone temp] ! combative prop5sities ( human be+s4 ,he 0 li/5$ to readily2 ?\gh ,i "k n :]e he f\nd matt] ( disc\rse1 s9ce he w\ld talk a :ole ev5+ )\t utt]+ a ^w conc]n+ politics1 religion1 or sc&al4 ,he nev] ask$ que/ions1 t he might n lead o!rs to answ] falsely4 ,he 0 glad to receive 8 acqua9tances at home2 b :5 walk+ he lik$ to be alone1 or ) /rang]s to :om he took a fancy2 & if any ( 8 acqua9tance approa*$1 he took a book f 8 pocket1 &1 9 room ( salutation1 recit$ scraps f a mod]n translation ( ! ,greek poets2 on :i* he 0 left alone4 ,& ?us he goes on1 = sev]al pages1 describ+ ecc5tricities1 p>tly natural1 p>tly assum$1 :i* he wi%$ %\ld attract att5tion1 z is evid5t by 8 ?us introduc+ !m to ! public1 :o w\ld o!rwise h be5 ignorant ( _! exi/5ce4 ,sid5ote3 #ahje4 ,on 8 return to ,italy1 he became intimate ) g5]al ,caff>elli1 m9i/] ( w> ( ! k+dom ( ,italy4 ,w>m$ by ! rec5t sight ( ! encampm5t ( ,b\logne1 he propos$ to ! g5]al to make a new edition ( ! milit>y works ( ,montecucoli1 ) notes4 ,! text 0 furni%$ him by ! m>*ese ,trivulzio1 & ! edition 0 br\ght out ) great spl5d\r2 b ,foscolo is accus$ ( hav+ us$ 8 imag9ation1 r ?an critical acum51 9 ! em5dation ( 8 au?or4 ,! nor? ( ,italy 0 enjoy+ a great degree ( prosp]ity at ?is "t4 ,melzi gave enc\ragem5t to all und]tak+s t t5d$ to elevate ! ,italian "*2 & lit]>y m5 7 held 9 t e/eem :i* ensures _! ex]t+ !mselves to be/[ on _! c\ntry ! ri*e/ h>ve/ ( _! tal5ts4 ,foscolo1 ?\gh he /ill held 8 capta9's commission1 01 9 hon\r ( 8 lit]>y "*1 exempt$ f ! toils ( s]vice2 &1 tak+ advantage ( ! lib]ty all[$ him1 he left ,milan = a "t1 & took up 8 resid5ce at ,brescia4 ,he resid$ 9 a small h\se1 situat$ on an op5 hill1 n f> f ! city4 ,"h he 0 accu/om$ to /udy till sunset2 &1 :e!r alone or 9 company1 he w\ld recite ! poetry ( ! anci5ts1 or 8 own1 :i* he 0 !n occupi$ 9 compos+4 ,! ,brescians are a happy1 gay p2 !y live less 9 ! t[n ?an ! inhabitants ( ! re/ ( ,italy1 & take peculi> pleasure 9 rural amusem5ts2 !y are hospitable & fond ( fe/ivity2 n v ref9$1 !y are yet op5-he>t$ & cordial1 & not$ = brav]y :5 9 ! field4 ,foscolo's neighb\rs admir$ & visit$ him2 p]sons ( e sect & op9ion1 ev5 ! prie/s1 flock$ to 8 h\se2 & (t5 seat$ "u a wide-spread+ fig tree :i* 0 9 8 g>d51 he held =? to a num]\s audi5ce4 ,! ,brescians are naturally en?usia/ic3 he _h ! art ( inflam+ ! s\ls ( ! "y1 & !y cr[d$ r\nd him z1 ) /5torian voice1 he utt]$ 8 moral apoph!gms4 ,:5 night clos$ 91 he left 8 ru/ic draw+ room1 & visit$ ! !atres2 & 0 (t5 se5 pay+ homage to ! d>k eyes ( "s ,brescian beauty4#eh ,x 0 "h t he wrote ! mo/ p]fect ( 8 poems--8 ,ode on ,sepul*res4 ,! elegance & pure ta/e ( ?is composition h caus$ x to be comp>$ to ,gray's well-kn[n ,elegy2 b x is m classical 9 its ideas & con/ruction1 & w\ld r rem9d ! read] ( ,milton's ,lycidas4 ,e v]se is h>moni\s music2 & ! melan*oly t is ca/ ov] x is graceful & t\*+1 n h>r[+ & sombre4 ,a law _h be5 pass$ at ,milan in/itut+ a public cemet]y )\t ! walls ( ! city1 9 :i* all ! dead 7 to be promiscu\sly buri$1 )\t m>ks ( di/9ction4 ,! poet1 address+ ,p9demonte1 beg9s by comm5t+ ^u ! notion t fun]al pomp & an hon\rable tomb are ( no avail to ! dead2 & !n he speaks ( ! sacr$ s5tim5t t leads u to live /ill ) our lo/ fri5ds1 & makes ! spot ( _! int]m5t preci\s 9 our eyes4 ,allud+ to ! new law1 he apo/rophises ! muse1 ask+ h] if %e does n love to l+] ne> ! desecrat$ tomb ( h] ,p>9i1 ^: v5]at$ rema9s1 ca/ among ! bodies ( crim9als1 are sc>cely protect$ f ! assaults ( ! h\seless dog1 :ile night birds hov]1 scream+1 ov] x4 ,he speaks ( ! pi\s s5tim5ts ) :i* ! sad relics ( mortality h ev] be5 reg>d$ s9ce religion fir/ in/itut$ sacr$ & social laws2 & describes1 9 he>tfelt b poetic language1 ! v>i\s ways 9 :i* survivors love to pay homage to ! belov$ dead4 ,f t5d] & pa!tic pictures ( dome/ic b]eavem5t1 he !n rises to describe ! ennobl+ s5tim5t inspir$ by a sight ( ! tombs ( ! great & good4 ,he apo/rophises ,flor5ce1 & gracefully br+s 9 ! well-kn[n pr$ilection ( ,alfi]i = ! aisles ( ,santa ,croce2 & !n1 tak+ a /ill high] flight1 he describes ,provid5ce & de/9y z presid+ ov] ! graves ( ! wor?y1 & v9dicat+ _! un=gott5 names1 ev5 f ! sil5t turf t cov]s !m2 &1 c>ri$ away by 8 love = classic lore1 ) no =c$ digression1 he concludes by speak+ ( ! m\nds t /ill m>k ! spot :]e ! w>riors ( ,greece di$ on ! ,trojan %ore1 & describes ,hom]1 ! poet bl9d & old1 w&]+ ar\nd1 & be/[+ on !m ! immortal fame ( :i* !y w\ld o!rwise h be5 depriv$4 ,?is anatomy ( a poem c convey b a slight & incomplete idea ( its m]its4 ,! h>mony ( ! v]sification--! t5d] & s(t melan*oly diffus$ ?r\gh\t--! grace ( ! transitions--& ! cont9ual ris+ 9 8 subject to ! end1 are all lo/4 ,nor c\ld a translation d ju/ice to ^!1 s9ce1 z evanesc5t z !y are delicate1 !y w\ld be lo/ 9 ano!r language4 ,! :ole poem is ,foscolo's ma/]piece4 ,he also publi%$ at ?is "t 8 translation ( ! fir/ book ( ! ,iliad4 ,monti 0 br++ out 8 v]sion1 & !re 0 mu* h>dihood 9 ,foscolo's rival%ip4 ,8 k ( ,greek1 contra/$ ) ! o!r's ignorance1 no d\bt in/igat$ him4 ,to remove any unpleasant feel+1 he d$icat$ x to ,monti2 9 :i* he speaks at once ) mode/y ( 8 own attempt1 & 9 high praise ( ,monti's g5ius4 ,x is difficult = a /rang] to judge betwe5 ! m]its ( ! translators2 b ev5 if ,foscolo's is ! be/1 x is a m]e fragm5t4 ,he nev] publi%$ m ?an ! fir/ & ?ird books2 :ile ,monti w5t ?r\gh ! lab\r ( ! entire translation1 & be/[$ a complete "w on 8 c\ntry4 ,9 #ahjh1 ,foscolo 0 in/all$ pr(essor ( eloqu5ce 9 ! univ]sity ( ,pavia--a *air =m]ly fill$ by ,monti & ,ces>otti4 ,! *oice 0 univ]sally popul>2 & 8 introductory oration1 ,on ! ,orig9 & ,use ( ,lett]s1 0 li/5$ to ) en?usiasm4 ,he _h refus$ to introduce any praise ( ,napoleon into x1 & ! :ole 0 conceiv$ 9 ! _s ( p]sonal & political indep5d5ce4 ,?is fault 0 visit$ ) s+ul> sev]ity2 s9ce1 aft] a %ort "t1 ! pr(essor%ip ( eloqu5ce at ,pavia 0 entirely suppress$1 "u ! pret5ce ( a re=m 9 ! plan ( /udies1 b 9 reality z a m>k ( disapprobation4 ,petty jeal\sy & ! va9 desire ( rul+ ev5 ! ?\ghts ( ! subject _w1 induc$ ,napoleon on all occasions to puni% sev]ely any demon/ration ( indep5d5ce4 ,nor 0 ! v5geance conf9$ to ,foscolo & ,pavia alone4 ,! lit]>y pr(essor%ips at ,bologna & ,padua 7 also aboli%$1 z well z ^? = ! ,greek & ori5tal languages2 = hi/ory1 &1 9 %ort1 all except ^? in/itut$ to tea* law1 m$ic9e1 & ! sci5ces4 ,sev]al le>n$ & excell5t m5 7 ?us depriv$ ( an hon\rable liv+4 ,! nation 0 at once robb$ ( all easy access to a lib]al education1 & to ! inappreciable k ( ^? languages :i* conta9 ! mo/ glori\s monum5ts ( man's g5ius3 & ?us ,napoleon gave te/imony to ! ,italians ( ! tru? ( ,alfi]i's axiom1 t absolute mon>*s hate ! hi/orian1 ! poet1 & ! orator1 & give ! pref]5ce to ! sci5ces4#ei ,foscolo retreat$ f ! univ]sity to ! seclusion ( ! ,lake ( ,como2 giv+ pro( ( 8 pure & ard5t love ( nature1 s r>e among ,italians1 by 8 retirem5t f cities to ! sublime & luxuriant sc5]y ( ?is lake4 ,he took up 8 resid5ce at a villa nam$ ! ,pl9iana1 built on ! site ( ! f\nta9s ^: p]iodical ebb & fl[ ! y\ng] ,pl9y records 9 8 lett]s4 ,! lake1 pal$ 9 by m\nta9s1 ba!s ! walls ( ! villa2 & ! neighb\r+ banks1 clo!d ) myrtle & arbutus1 ov]hang ! wat]s1 & ca/ _! deep %ade on ! cle> dep?s3 ! precipit\s m\nta9 rises beh9d1 div]sifi$ by *e/nut woods2 & "h & !re are se5 huge cypresses1 ^: spires seem to pi]ce ! skies1 :5 reg>d$ f ! t]rac$ g>d5 ( ! villa4 ,! fl[+ f\nta9s keep up a p]petual murmur2 &1 p]haps1 9 all ! v>i$ e>? !re is no spot :i* af=ds su* a comb9ation ( ! picturesque1 ! beautiful1 ! ri*1 ! balmy1 & ! sublime4 ,! h\se itself1 )\t be+ ru9\s1 is huge & desolate2 b its va/ cool halls are a pleasant refuge aga9/ ! heats ( mid-day4 ,"h ,foscolo /udi$ ?r\gh ! morn+1 v>y+ 8 life by sp5d+ 8 ev5+s ) ! family ( c\nt ,giovio1 a man ( education & le>n+1 ^: "y & gay family s]v$ to dissipate ! fumes ( melan*oly 9 :i* ! poet 0 r fond ( indulg+4#fj ,he "h comm5c$ 8 ,ode to ! ,graces3 ?is 0 a fav\rite composition1 yet left unf9i%$4 ,he 0 nev] we>y ( alt]+ or improv+--( s(t5+ its language1 or add+ new melody to ! v]sification4 ,x is purely classical 9 its idea1 yet v>i$ by ! mo/ beautiful t\*es ( natural beauty4 ,he occupi$ himself also by f9i%+ 8 trag$y ( ,ajax4 ,! same faults are discov]able 9 ?is drama z 9 8 juv5ile production ( ,?ye/es4 ,x is f\nd$ on ! dispute betwe5 ,ulysses & ,ajax = ! arms ( ,a*illes1 & ! self-de/ruction ( ! latt]4 ,! action ends almo/ be=e x beg9s2 ! sc5es are frigid1 ! int]e/ null2 /ill x excit$ a good deal ( expectation2 & read+1 z he did1 spee*es & sc5es to v>i\s fri5ds1 its repres5tation on ! /age 0 look$ =w>d to ) eag]ness at ,milan4 ,! !atre 0 cr[d$ on ! fir/ night1 & ! audi5ce sat pati5tly & li/5$ = a long "t to sc5e foll[+ sc5e1 ( sonor\s words1 high-s\nd+ declamations1 & vehem5t apo/rophes1 all lead+ to no?+1 end+ 9 no?+--excit+ no sympa?y1 b we>y+ ! e>4 ,at l5g? !y grew tir$2 & ?\gh !y li/5$ to ! conclusion1 x 0 evid5t t !y 7 delight$ to be dismiss$4 ,x 0 a /range accid5t1 t a drama :i* ?us fail$ ( elicit+ any int]e/ 9 ! audi5ce1 & ! great fault ( :i* 0 dulness1 %\ld h excit$ a p]secution aga9/ its au?or4 ,8 enemies spread ! report t ! trag$y _h a political aim2 t ,napoleon 0 symbolis$ 9 ,agamemnon1 ! k+ ( k+s2 & t g5]al ,moreau 0 pictur$ 9 ,ajax1 :o des]v$1 b did n obta91 ! arms ( ,a*illes4 ,!re seems to h be5 no real f\ndation = ?is supposition1 b ,foscolo did n d5y x3 he pres]v$ a my/]i\s sil5ce2 :e!r f disda91 or f a cov]t pleasure 9 ! annoyance ( gov]nm5t1 is unc]ta94 ,! m9i/]s ( ,napoleon 7 inquisitorial & rev5geful2 n to praise _! emp]or 0 s9 suffici5t to r5d] any au?or obnoxi\s1 & any expressions t c\ld be di/ort$ into blame 7 crim9al4 ,! cities ( ,italy1 ^: inhabitants are =bidd5 all political discussions1 & :o are %ut out f ! pursuits t naturally excite ambition1 are s+ul>ly apt to div]sify ! monotony ( _! lives by gossip+4 ,su* a supposition z ! "o above m5tion$ spread rapidly ?r\gh ,milan3 m5 met toge!r to wond] & dispute2 !y work$ !mselves up into an idea t some?+ _h be5 done1 & t some?+ w\ld ensue2 :ile ! spies ( ! police excit$ & report$ ea* ungu>d$ expression4 ,! city became di/urb$ by ! notion ( ,foscolo's attempt to br+ ,napoleon on ! /age z an object ( c5sure1 & 9 expectation ( ! puni%m5t ) :i* 8 boldness w\ld be visit$2 :ile he1 sil5t & my/]i\s1 refus$ to (f] any explanation4 ,x 0 intimat$ accord+ly to him1 t he w\ld d well to *ange ! air2 &1 submitt+ to an exile f ,milan1 he aga9 visit$ ,tuscany4 ,he took ! h\se at ,camaldoli1 ne> ,flor5ce1 :i* _h1 9 ages gone by1 be5 inhabit$ by ,galileo4 ,he alludes to ?is 9 8 ,ode to ! ,graces1 9 "s v]ses :i* describe ! nocturnal murmur ( ! di/ant ,arno1 :i* fl[$ cle> yet hid b5ea? its will[s1 & visit$ ! e> ( ! a/ronom] z he wat*$ ! /> ( eve4 ,x 0 "h1 he records1 t dawn1 & ! moon1 & ! sun display$ to him1 ) v>i\s t9ts1 ! s]5e cl\ds t hung bel[ ! ,alps1 or illum9$ ! pla9 :i* /ret*es to ! ,tyrrh5e sea2 a wide-spread sc5e ( cities & woods1 div]sifi$ by ! lab\rs ( ! happy husb&man1 by temples2 or ! hundr$ hills ) :i*1 adorn$ by cav]ns1 & olive groves1 & m>ble palaces1 ! ,ap5n9es encircle ! lovely city1 :]e ,flora & ! ,graces h g>l&s4#fa ,9 "o po9t1 ! poetry ( ,foscolo may be comp>$ to ! m didactic p>ts ( ,milton4 ,he nev] omits a romantic or classical allusion2 &1 br++ =w>d all t ennobles & animates 8 subject1 adorns x ) human int]e/4 ,:oev] reads 9 ! orig9al ! v]ses ,i h s lamely translat$ into prose1 _c help rememb]+ v>i\s passages inspir$ by ! memory ( ,tuscany1 :i* %[ l pictures ( ,claude 9 ! pages ( ! mo/ graceful z well z ! mo/ sublime ( our poets4 ,we _c refra9 f obs]v+1 9 ?is place1 t we possess a pro(1 9 ! b5t ( ,foscolo's g5ius1 ( h[ little ! intellect is (t5 9 accord ) ! he>t4 ,wild1 vehem5t1 gloomy almo/ to savag5ess1 indep5d5t ev5 to an incapacity ( yield+ to ! common rules ( society1 he c\ld n depict ! wild furies ( ,ajax1 nor1 inde$1 ! m burn+ ?roes t (t5 tore 8 own he>t4 ,8 be/ compositions1 on ! contr>y1 seem to emanate f an impassion$ b brood+ _s1 nurs$ 9 s(t melan*oly & elegant & fanciful rev]ie4 ,z we h be=e m5tion$1 he 0 purely a didactic writ]2 b p]haps no mod]n poet ev] display$ s mu* h>mony1 grace1 & tru? ( description4 ,we h n ! fanta/ic imag]y nor ! fire ( ,monti2 nei!r ! /orms ( ! deep1 nor ! ?und]s ( ! sky2 b an inl& l&scape1 :]e ! balmy air broods ov] wav+ =e/ & murmur+ /ream1 & ! he>t ( man repos+ seems to take refuge ,9 t sweet mood :]e pleasant ?\ghts ,br+ sad ?\ghts to ! m9d4 ,sid5ote3#ahac4 tat4 #ce4 ,:5 ! result ( 8 ,russian invasion %ook ,napoleon's ?rone1 ,foscolo return$ to ,milan4 ,public ev5ts 7 und]go+ a va/ *ange4 ,napoleon1 defeat$ by 8 own ambition1 retir$ to :at seem$ to him ! n>r[ circle ( ,france1 & appe>$ = a :ile to /& at bay1 :ile a univ]sal attack 0 made on him4 ,8 au?ority1 e :]e %ak51 tott]$ 9 ,italy4 ,! ,engli%1 :o _h assi/$ s glori\sly 9 ! emancipation ( ,spa91 s5t emiss>ies to ,italy1 to invite ! p to ?r[ (f ! ,fr5* yoke4 ,x w\ld h be5 ( no avail to h invit$ !m to ex*ange s]vitude "u ,france = t "u ,au/ria1 & ! words lib]ty & national indep5d5ce 7 pron\nc$ z a spell to r\se !m4 ,"l ,william ,b5t9ck publi%$ a manife/o call+ on !m to ass]t _! fre$om2 he conjur$ ! soldi]s to v9dicate _! c\ntry's rights1 & to acquire = x t lib]ty :i* ,spa91 ,portugal1 & ,holl& reap$ f ! fall ( ,napoleon4 ,8 voice f\nd an e*o 9 e he>t4 ,we are told t ! "n ( indep5d5ce 0 on ! lips ( all2 nor at any crisis ( any nation 9 ! _w 7 s mu* ard\r & unanimity %[n1 z by ! ,italians at ?is mom5t4#fb ,:ile ?us ! allies tri$ to w9 ! ,italians to _! side1 ! treaty ( ,fonta9ebleau & ! abdication ( ! ,fr5* emp]or plac$ ! p59sula at _! feet4 ,! vic]oy ( ,italy1 pr9ce ,eugne1 cross$ ! ,alps2 ! s\? ( ,italy fell into ! h&s ( its old rul]s2 :ile ,milan1 left to itself1 assembl$ a s5ate to discuss a new =m ( gov]nm5t4 ,! po9t disput$ 01 :e!r pr9ce ,eugne or a pr9ce ( ! h\se ( ,au/ria %\ld preside ov] !m2 b !y fanci$ t _! indep5d5ce 0 secure "u ! "o or ! o!r4 ,! latt] proposition c>ri$ ! day2 = :5 ! s5ate1 record+ ! virtues ( ! vic]oy1 0 ab\t to solicit ! allies to set him ov] !m1 a va/ multitude surr\nd$ _! h\se1 compos$ ( e class--nobles1 commonalty1 artific]s1 ri* & poor--ev5 wom5 ( rank jo9$ 9 ! tumult--cry+ out = ! indep5d5ce ( _! c\ntry1 & ,no vic]oy6 ,no ,france6 ,a plac>d w5t ab\t1 say+1 ,spa9 & ,g]many h ca/ away ! yoke ( ,france f _! necks--,italy mu/ imitate !m2 :ile magi/rates & p call$ al\d1 ,we w h electoral colleges1 & no ,eugne4 ,! s5ate fl$--! p1 r\s$ to viol5ce1 ru%$ to de/roy ! p>tisans ( ! ,fr5*1 & ! un=tunate ,pr9i 0 torn to pieces4 ,lib]ty 7alas6 blood-/a9$7 seem$ to w9 ! day2 b x 0 a mock victory4 ,! electoral colleges 7 conv5$1 & !y creat$ a reg5cy2 x 0 decre$ t ! allies %\ld be solicit$ to grant ! indep5d5ce ( ! k+dom1 & a free con/itution ) an ,au/rian b indep5d5t pr9ce at its head4 ,legates 7 s5t to ! emp]or ,francis1 at ,p>is1 ) ^! dem&s4 ,he repli$1 t he also 0 ,italian--t 8 soldi]s _h conqu]$ ,lomb>dy1 & t ! answ] w\ld be giv5 at ,milan4 ,! ,au/rians ent]$ ,milan on ! #bh? ( ,april4 ,belleg>de took possession ( x 9 ! "n ( ,au/ria on ! #bc;d ( ,may4 ,! k+dom ( ,italy 0 at an end2 its indep5d5ce 0 cru%$ & ex*ang$ = an ignom9i\s & cruel s]vitude4#fc ,at ! comm5cem5t ( ^! *anges ,foscolo rema9$ unmov$4 ,he pursu$ 8 /udies 9 sil5ce & seclusion1 & seem$ to =get ! political crisis among 8 lit]>y occupations4 ,b :5 ,napoleon fell1 he sid$ ) ! indep5d5ts aga9/ ! ,fr5* p>ty2 ?\gh at ! same "t he gave pro( ( 8 c\rage & humanity by ex]t+ himself vigor\sly1 ?\gh va9ly1 to save ! un=tunate ,pr9i4 ,at ! same "t he resum$ 8 milit>y duties2 & :5 ! reg5cy 0 e/abli%$1 he 0 promot$ to ! rank ( capo squadrone1 or colonel4 ,to ! la/ he took an active "p 9 ass]t+ ! lib]ty ( 8 c\ntry4 ,:5 ! ,au/rian soldi]s ent]$ ,milan1 ! city submitt$ peacefully1 b n sil5tly4 ,six ?\s& soldi]s ( ! civic gu>d assembl$1 &1 9 pres5ce ( ! occupy+ army1 plac$ 9 ! h&s ( ! ,engli% g5]al1 ,macf>lane1 an address :i* !y begg$ might be laid be=e ! allies1 claim+ national indep5d5ce & a con/itution4 ,foscolo drew up ?is address4 ,we are told t x 0 brief1 en]getic1 & dignifi$#fd2 a preci\s monum5t ( ! au?or's patriotism4 ,b ,foscolo 0 n all[$ to reap any good f 8 firm adh]5ce to ! cause ( lib]ty4 ,! ,au/rians look$ on him ) suspici\s eyes1 & he 0 n popul> among 8 c\ntrym54 ,he _h qu>rell$ ) ,monti1 & _h _m enemies4 ,he saw no mode ( ma9ta9+ himself3 he =esaw t he %\ld be p]secut$1 & p]haps ent]$ into plots = ! subv]sion ( gov]nm5t4 ,at ?is mom5t1 "s memb] ( ! ,au/rian gov]nm5t1 kn[+ ! b5efit t w\ld accrue to _! cause if !y c\ld w9 ,foscolo z a writ]1 ask$ him to furni% a plan = a public j\rnal4 ,he cons5t$1 refus+ at ! same "t to write 9 x2 b ?is sl5d] act ( civility 0 tortur$ into "o ( apo/acy by 8 enemies1 & too late he f\nd t he _h giv5 room to calumny4 ,pec*io relates a conv]sation :i* he _h ) him1 :i*1 if he did n suspect ,foscolo ( treason to 8 c\ntry1 0 unk9dly c>ri$ on by him4 ,!y met )\t ! ea/]n gate ( ! city1 & ,foscolo walk$ on = "s "t )\t speak+4 ,at l5g? he sudd5ly address$ 8 companion1 say+1 ,y1 :o are accu/om$ to speak ! tru? bo? to fri5ds & enemies1 tell me :at is said ( me 9 public4 ,pec*io repli$1 ,if y cont9ue y\r int]c\rse ) ,au/rians1 y\r enemies w ass]t t y are _! spy4 ,?is answ] 0 z a ?und]bolt to ,foscolo--8 c\nt5ance d>k5$--he quick5$ 8 /eps1 & said no m4 ,! next day1 )\t tak+ leave ( any "o1 )\t passport1 & )\t money1 he set out 9 disguise = ,switz]l&4 ,:e!r 8 pr\d he>t rebell$ aga9/ cont9u+ any long] among 8 suspici\s c\ntrym51 or :e!r1 z "s said1 he 0 implicat$ 9 a plot among ! soldi]s1 :i* 0 j !n discov]$1 or :e!r1 hopeless & sick at he>t1 he ye>n$ = new sc5es & a new life2 :atev] 8 motive 01 he became h5ce=? a volunt>y exile1 &1 leav+ fri5ds & c\ntry1 began an untri$ c>e]2 add+ "o m to ! numb] ( un=tunate w&]]s :om political *anges _h driv5 f _! homes abroad on ! e>?4 ,at fir/ ,foscolo took refuge 9 ,switz]l&1 & rema9$ = two ye>s 9 ! city ( ,zurigo4 ,he did little dur+ t int]val1 except publi% a sort ( un9telligible ,lat9 satire1 call$ ,dydymi ,cl]ici ,prophet ,m9imi ,hyp]calypseos1 ,lib] s+ul>is2 :i* is writt5 9 imitation ( ! prophecies ( ! ,bible1 & satirises ,p>adisi & o!rs :o enjoy$ (fices 9 ! fall5 k+dom ( ,italy4 ,)\t a key x is impossible to und]/& x--allud+1 z x does1 to p little kn[n1 & to facts /ill m obscure2 & :5 und]/ood is n prais$1 ev5 by 8 c\ntrym51 :o might be suppos$ to take "s int]e/ 9 a p]sonal satire on m5 ) :om !y 7 acqua9t$4 ,foscolo f\nd tranquillity at ,zurigo2 & 8 disposition1 n be+ incl9$ to intrigue1 w\ld h p]mitt$ him to rema9 !re 9 peace2 b he 0 poor1 & oblig$ to seek a c\ntry :]e he c\ld turn 8 tal5ts to "s acc\nt4 ,engl&1 ! refuge ( exiles1 0 ! place to :i* he repair$4 ,!re 7 lib]al m5 !re1 :o1 a%am$ ( ! "p :i* ! c\ntry _h p]mitt$ "l ,ca/l]eagh to play1 9 sacrific+ to despotism ! v m5 ^: desire ( fre$om he _h s\ght to excite1 readily & g5]\sly welcom$ ! victims ( our =eign secret>y's cruel policy4 ,foscolo1 on 8 arrival1 0 visit$ by ! mo/ di/+ui%$ m5 ( ! c\ntry2 ! ,:ig p>ty receiv$ him ) op5 arms1 & he made "o ( ! circle assembl$ at ,holl& ,h\se4 ,he 0 treat$ ) all ! cordiality consid]$ due to a man ( integrity & a patriot1 bani%$ by a =eign despot1 & refus+ to become ! p5sion] ( ! oppressors ( 8 c\ntry2 :ile1 at ! same "t1 he met ) ! m+l$ respect & curiosity :i* an au?or ( ackn[l$g$ tal5ts excites3 & ev5 "l ,sidm\?1 arm$ ) ! t]rors ( ! ali5 act1 assur$ him t he %\ld rema9 unmole/$ dur+ 8 soj\rn4 ,a little "t some:at de/roy$ ! illusion :i* fir/ adorn$ 8 "n4 ,! ,engli% are v ready to receive any "o z a lion1 b n fond ( fo/]+ intimacies ) any ^: habits & mann]s d n p]fectly assimilate ) _! own4 ,! vehem5t ge/ures1 wild looks1 & l\d voice ( ! ,italian1 7 all 9 contradiction to ! etiquette ( ,engli% society2 & no =eign] is capable ( p]ceiv+ any ?+ b dulness & ice 9 ! mild1 high-br$1 & unpret5d+ mann]s ( ! ari/ocracy ( ?is c\ntry4 ,! ,engli% enjoy society 9 _! own way2 & !re is a *>m to u 9 ! p]fect lib]ty ea* "o enjoys--no "o encroa*+1 or be+ encroa*$ ^u4 ,b ! s5sitiv5ess :i* leads u to give fre$om to o!rs1 r5d]s u jeal\s ( any assumption ( x on _! "p4 ,foscolo _h no real hold on ! society ( :i* he made a "p1 except ?r\gh 8 tal5ts1 & ! respect 8 indep5d5ce & integrity comm&$3 b respect is a cold feel+1 & c be indulg$ :ile we keep ! object ( x at a di/ance4 ,8 tal5ts ceas$ to amuse1 jo9$ z !y 7 to pride1 to vehem5ce1 & to habits :i* w\ld n alt]1 b c\ld n please4 ,foscolo ceas$ to be a lion2 & he retir$ to ! neighb\rhood ( ,/4 ,john's ,wood1 ne> ! ,reg5t's ,p>k2 &1 surr\nd+ himself by 8 books1 & visit$ by a few fri5ds1 he l$ a life at once retir$ & ecc5tric4 ,:5 ,pec*io visit$ 8 fri5d 9 ?is retreat1 9 #ahbb1 he 0 /ruck by ! app>5t desolation ( ! spot 7,s\? ,bank7 9 :i* 8 h\se 0 situat$2 & at ! same "t by ! appe>ance ( ?ree lovely si/]s1 :o 7 ! h\sehold s]vants ( ! poet1--nam$ by 8 visit]s ! ?ree ,graces2 9 allusion at once to _! beauty & ,foscolo's poem4#fe ,he support$ himself *iefly by writ+ 9 ! ,qu>t]ly ,review2 & we owe to ?is mode ( ex]cis+ 8 p5 "o ( ! mo/ delightful ( 8 productions1 ! ,essays on ,petr>*4 ,^! are f\r 9 numb]3 on ! ,love ( ,petr>*1--on 8 ,poetry1--on 8 ,"*1--& a ,p>allel betwe5 him & ,dante4 ,on ! :ole1 we are almo/ incl9$ to say t ,foscolo sc>cely does ju/ice to ! g5]\s1 amiable1 & fai?ful lov] ( ,laura4 ,! pride & unb5d+ disposition ( ,dante 7 m 9 accordance ) 8 own "*4 ,b ! discrim9ation1 ! ta/e1 & en?usiasm ( ^! ,essays r5d] !m "o ( ! mo/ delightful books 9 ! _w4 ,! volume 9 :i* !y are collect$ is enri*$1 also1 by sev]al ( lady ,dacre's translations f ,petr>*1 :i* are unequall$ = fidelity & grace2 pres]v+ ! _s & feel+ ( ! orig9al1 & yet array+ !m 9 fl[+ & melodi\s ,engli% v]se4 ,foscolo publi%$ also a translation ( ! ?ird book ( ! ,iliad2 & 8 trag$y ( ,ricci>da4 ,?\gh f\nd$ on a /ory ( ! middle ages1 !re is no m int]e/ 9 ?is la/ drama ?an 8 prec$+ ones3 ! feel+s & situations are =c$ & unnatural4 ,frat]nal hatr$ is ! ma9spr+ ( ! plot3 ,guelfo dete/s 8 half-bro!r1 ,av]>do2 &1 on ! dea? ( _! fa!r ,tancr$1 goes to w> ) him1 to deprive him ( 8 portion ( _! common h]itage4 ,z a fur!r m>k ( hate1 he betro?s 8 daught] ,ricci>da to ,guido1 ! son ( ,av]>do1 m]ely to discov] :e!r %e loves h] c\s9 or n2 &1 f9d+ t %e does1 sep>ates !m ) viol5t d5unciations1 & resolves to m>ry h] to ano!r4 ,! drama op5s :ile ! bro!rs are at w>4 ,on acc\nt ( ! un=tunate unities--:i* =ce ! au?or to br+ all ! p]sons toge!r 9 "o place1 h[ev] improbable x may be t !y %\ld !re meet--! poet causes ,guido to leave 8 fa!r's camp1 & to secrete himself 9 ,guelfo's palace1 = ! sake ( wat*+ ov] ,ricci>da's safety1 ^: life he imag9es to be m5ac$ by h] fa!r4 ,! action *iefly turns on ,av]>do fir/ s5d+ a fri5d1 & !n com+ himself 9 disguise1 to induce ,guido to return to him2 9 ,guelfo's d5unciations aga9/ 8 daught]2 & 9 sc5es betwe5 ! lov]s4 ,at l5g? ,av]>do assaults & ent]s 8 bro!r's palace2 & ,guelfo1 f9d+ himself defeat$1 fir/ kills ,ricci>da1 to prev5t h] m>ry+ ,guido1 & !n /abs himself2 :ile ,guido swe>s t he w soon foll[ 8 mi/ress to ! tomb4 ,! only beauty ( ! trag$y consi/s 9 ! "* ( ,ricci>da1 h] /ruggles betwe5 filial piety & love1 h] ob$i5ce to h] fa!r1 & h] devotion to h] lov]4 ,b ! :ole is conceiv$ 9 "o unv>i$ tone ( hate & unhappy love--( m$itat$ murd] & suicide4 ,y nei!r p]ceive ! end t ! au?or has 9 view1 nor t !re c be any end except by _! all dy+4 ,foscolo d$icat$ ?is trag$y to "l ,william ,russell4 ,8 politics naturally br\ght him into contact ) :at 0 !n ! opposition p>ty2 & ?is alliance 0 drawn clos] :5 ! exiles ( ,p>ga appli$ to him to draw up ! petition to be pres5t$ to p>liam5t4 ,he ass5t$ gladly1 & wrote f\r hundr$ pages )\t avail2 =m] treaties prev5t+ ! ,engli% f int]f]5ce 9 behalf ( ! ,p>giotes4 ,foscolo f\nd difficulty 9 obta9+ ! means ( life1 & lady ,dacre 9 p>ticul> int]e/$ h]self 9 po9t+ out "s me?od by :i* he might turn 8 tal5ts to acc\nt4 ,%e propos$1 & zeal\sly promot$1 ! c\rse ( lectures on ,italian lit]ature :i* ,foscolo deliv]$ 9 #ahbc4 ,mr4 ,/ew>t ,rose 0 ano!r ( 8 real & anxi\s fri5ds2 & ,foscolo's ackn[l$g$ tal5ts1 & ! int]e/ excit$ by 8 exile1 facilitat$ _! endeav\rs4 ,8 lectures 7 num]\sly att5d$1 & br\ght him a ?\s& p\nds2--a small sum1 if on x he 0 to f\nd a suffici5t income to ma9ta9 him = ! re/ ( 8 life2 a l>ge "o to an ,italian1 accu/om$ to look on a few hundr$ cr[ns z ri*es4 ,& ?us x 0 t ! success t att5d$ 8 und]tak+ 01 9 ! end1 fruitful ( annoyance & disa/]4 ,! poet's head 0 turn$--he fanci$ 8 treasure inexhau/ible1 & he set ab\t sp5d+ x ) z mu* k z a *ild w\ld h _h ( its real quantity & value4 ,he built a h\se1 furni%$ x exp5sively1 & adorn$ x ) all ^? luxuries t co/ l>gely & are ( lea/ intr9sic value4 ,8 entrance hall 0 adorn$ by /atues1 & he _h a cons]vatory fill$ ) ! r>e/ fl[]s2 :ile ! ?ree ,graces /ill wait$ on him1 & did n contribute to ! economy ( 8 h\sehold4 ,z all ! h\ses 9 ! suburb ( ,/4 ,john's ,wood1 :i* he cont9u$ to inhabit1 are di/+ui%$ by a "n1 he1 to ! no small puzzle ( ! common p1 *ri/5$ 8 ,digamma ,cottage2 9 commemoration ( a lit]>y victory :i* he believ$ a*iev$ by 8 ,essay on ! ,digamma4 ,i w5t to see him1 ,pec*io writes1 on my return f ,spa91 9 ,augu/1 #ahbc4 ,i f\nd him inhabit+ a new h\se1 surr\nd$ by all ! luxury ( a f9anci] sudd5ly become ri*4 ,i 0 a/oni%$1 & c\ld n acc\nt = ?is sort ( !atrical *ange2 x appe>$ to me a dream4 ,i ?\ght to myself1 ,ugo ,foscolo has foll[$ 9 ! /eps ( doctor ,fau/us1 & has ent]$ into "s compact ) ! fi5d ,mephi/opheles4 ,he c]ta9ly displays good ta/e2 & if he be n ri*1 he des]ves to be s2 & if all ,i see is n a vision1 he des]ves t x %\ld be real4 ,b too truly x 0 a vision3 little or no?+ ( :at ,i saw 0 paid =2 x 0 ! palace ( k+ ,!odore1 tape/ri$ ) promises to pay4 ,8 de/9y 0 simil> to t ( him ( :om ,"y says-- ,a man :o builds1 & wants :]e) to pay1 ,provides a home f :i* to run away4#ff ,poor ,foscolo too soon paid ! p5alty ( 8 inexplicable want ( common s5se2 he became press$ by 8 cr$itors1 8 goods 7 seiz$1 & he1 ?reat5$ by arre/s1 0 oblig$ to leave 8 villa1 :i* s resembl$ a ca/le 9 ! air1 & to hide 9 a lodg+ 9 an obscure corn] ( ,london4 ,he 0 n[ oblig$ to provide = 8 daily necessities by writ+ articles = v>i\s reviews & magaz9es4 ,! m]it & success ( 8 ,essays on ,petr>* sugge/$ to ,mr4 ,pick]+1 a ,london booksell]1 ! idea ( an edition ( ,dante1 ,petr>*1 ,boccaccio1 & ,tasso1 ) prelim9>y notices & critical notes by ,foscolo4 ,! (f] 0 tol]ably lib]al1 be+ #fjjl4 = ! :ole "w1 if complet$ 9 two ye>s4 ,b ev5 n[ ,foscolo 0 ru9$ by ano!r mi/ake4 ,_h he provid$ ,essays simil> to ! admir$ ones already writt51 add+ a few critical & hi/orical obs]vations1 x _h be5 well2 he w\ld h produc$1 at no great co/ to himself1 a popul> "w t _h repaid ! booksell] = 8 speculation4 ,b ,foscolo _h already giv5 tok5 ( a pr$ilection = v]bal & m9ute criticism4 ,8 prefatory notice to ,boccaccio consi/$ ( a critical hi/ory ( editions1 totally un9t]e/+ to ! g5]al read]1 & ( no value except to book collectors4 ,! comm5t>y on ,dante is some:at less conf9$ 9 its topics2 &1 ) great subtlety & tal5t1 he comp>es v>i\s read+s1 & gives reasons = 8 own selection4 ,b ev5 9 ?is 8 obs]vations are almo/ entirely grammatical & v]bal1 ?\gh int]sp]s$ by o!rs ( great acut5ess on ! mean+ & int5tions ( ,dante4 ,/ill 8 "w1 altoge!r1 bore no simil>ity to 8 delightful ,essays1 :i* portray ! "*1 _s1 & hi/ory ( ,petr>* & ,dante 9 s new & attractive a mann]4 ,un=tunately1 int5se lab\r 0 requir$ = a "w s little allur+ or pr(itable2 & ,foscolo sp5t mon?s collat+1 consult+1 & em5d+3 produc+1 9 ! end1 a "w to be read ) t$ium & fatigue4 ,:ile ?us dilig5tly occupi$1 & at ! same "t h>ass$ by _m c>es1 ill lodg$1 & full ( *agr9 & mortification1 he fell ill4 ,he grew ?91 & a t5d5cy to dropsy manife/$ itself2 ! consequ5ce ( an affection ( ! liv]1 f :i* he _h long suff]$4 ,a few fri5ds visit$ him2 &1 divid+ 8 "t betwe5 !m & 8 lit]>y lab\rs1 he nev] left ! h\se4 ,yet 8 "w did n advance4 ,he & 8 booksell] 7 at cross purposes4 ,mr4 ,pick]+ desir$ a popul> & saleable publication1 :i* he suppos$ w\ld co/ n mu* m "t ?an ! au?or's celebrat$ articles 9 ! reviews4 ,foscolo wi%$ to immortalise himself by a "w ( lab\r & erudition1 :i* %\ld become a text book & au?ority to all :o h]eaft] read or wrote ^u ! poets 9 "q4 ,anxieties ?us grew ^u him4 ,economy1 & a desire = tranquillity & bett] air1 induc$ him to leave ,london2 & he hir$ a small h\se at ,turnham ,gre54 ,"h ! la/ mon?s ( 8 life 7 sp5t ,a few fri5ds visit$ him3 "s ( ^! 7 ,engli%2 b !y consi/$ mo/ly ( ! exiles driv5 f ! s\? ( ,europe by ! ill success ( ! attempt$ revolutions ( #ahbj-ba4 ,! canon ,riego 0 "o among !m1 :o atta*$ himself w>mly to ,foscolo1 admir+ 8 indep5d5ce & consi/5cy4 ,mean:ile 8 disease ga9$ gr\nd1 & x became publicly kn[n t small hopes 7 ent]ta9$ = 8 recov]y4 ,?is ann\ncem5t excit$ univ]sal sympa?y2 & 8 ri* or noble ,engli% fri5ds1 :o1 f incompatibility ( mann]s & "*1 _h fall5 f him1 came =w>d to (f] assi/ance4 ,! fri5ds ar\nd him decl9$ receiv+ m ?an fifty p\nds to meet ! exig5cies ( ! mom5t2 & ev5 ?is supply 0 conceal$ f ,foscolo1 ^: pride w\ld h be5 deeply & uselessly mortifi$ by ! s5se ( pecuni>y obligation4 ,money1 inde$1 0 n ! only k9dness pr(f]$3 "l ,holl& s5t w9e1 ! duke ( ,devon%ire1 game2 b ! k9dness & s]vices mo/ deeply felt1 7 ^? ( ! canon ,riego1 :o sp>$ no tr\ble to assi/ & com=t 8 dy+ fri5d4 ,foscolo 0 s5sible ( 8 fri5d%ip1 b fe>$ t x might become (fici\s2 & he wrote to him1 ?ank+ him w>mly1 b entreat+ him to d no m4 ,i beg ( y1 he writes1 & x is my mo/ e>ne/ pray]1 t y d n in=m any "o1 man or woman1 ( my situation1 = ! purpose ( obta9+ assi/ance4 ,i make ?is f]v5t reque/1 because ,i he>d ( some?+ ( ! k9d f miss ,florida4 ,b y\r k9dness on ?is po9t w\ld only cruelly torture my he>t1 increase ! suff]+s ( my m9d1 & ! sickness ( my body4 ,he l+]$ two mon?s aft] ?is lett]4 ,on ! day ( 8 dea? he 0 visit$ by 8 noble c\ntryman1 c\nt ,capo d',i/ria1 :o1 pass+ ?r\gh ,london to assume ! presid5t%ip ( ,greece1 paid ! homage ( a visit to ! mo/ r5[n$ au?or ( mod]n ,greece4 ,foscolo 0 n[ 9 a /ate ( torpor1 & unconsci\s ( ! hon\r done him4 ,to ! la/ he 0 pati5t1 submissive to 8 m$ical att5dants1 & c\rage\s2 comm5t+ on ! inevitable advances ( dea? ) =titude & calmness4 ,he di$ on ! #aj? ( ,octob]1 #ahbg4 ,8 fun]al 0 private & mode/2 8 rema9s 7 foll[$ to ! grave by five fri5ds1 & !y 7 buri$ 9 ! neighb\r+ *ur*y>d ( ,*iswick1 :]e1 a little to ! left ( ! *ur*1 amid/ a cr[d ( tomb/ones1 is to be f\nd "o1 inscrib$ simply3 ,ugo ,foscolo1 ,obiit ,,xiv4 ,die ,septembris1 ,a4 ,d4 #ahbg4 tatis #eb4fg ,! "* ( ,foscolo1 & 8 lit]>y m]its1 may be ga!r$ f ! =ego+ biography4 ,consi/5cy 0 among 8 mo/ prom95t virtues1 = 8 writ+s & actions 7 9 /rict accordance "o ) ! o!r4 ,he always rose sup]ior to ! bl[s ( =tune1 & pres]v$ 8 indep5d5ce 9 ! mid/ ( ! disa/]s br\ght on him1 ei!r by ! mis=tunes ( 8 c\ntry or 8 own imprud5ces4 ,vanity1 t assum$ ! appe>ance ( disda91 r5d]$ him difficult ( access1 b compassion & w>m? ( he>t 7 hidd5 by ?is outside4 ,fe>ful ( be+ ?\ght s]vile1 he ran into ! opposite extreme1 & 0 little apt to praise ev5 ^? to :om praise 0 due4 ,vehem5t 9 8 op9ions1 yet he dislik$ dispute2 & if ev] l$ into x1 9 a few m9utes %elt]$ himself aga9 9 sil5ce4 ,8 he>t 0 a /rang] to ! feel+ ( hatr$1 b nei!r 0 he v op5 to fri5d%ip2 he 0 intimate b ) few1 & ev5 ) ^! he 0 res]v$4 ,he pref]r$ ! society ( wom51 & 9 e>ly life lov$ ) s9c]ity & passion2 & !re 0 delicacy & ref9em5t 9 all 8 feel+s ) reg>d to ! fair sex4 ,z he expresses himself1 9 ,ortis1 ,i h be5 taught by "s h[ to s$uce & betray1 & ,i might p]haps h s$uc$ & betray$1 b ! pleasure ,i anticipat$ fell coldly & bitt]ly on my he>t1 :i* has nev] be5 tam$ ei!r by "t or reason2 & ?us y h (t5 he>d me exclaim1 t all dep5ds on ! he>t1 :i* nei!r heav51 m51 nor we ourselves c ev] *ange4 ,! s9c]ity ( 8 feel+s _h _! rew>d--s9ce 8 affections _h on "s occasions met a return1 :i* 8 unc\? appe>ance & /range mann]s w\ld nev] h comm&$1 & :i* 0 due only to 8 tru?4 ,he lov$ solitude & /udy1 0 ab/emi\s 9 8 habits1 b n ( /rong heal?1 & 0 (t5 dev\r$ by ! deepe/ gloom4 ,he spoke well1 & dete/$ all artifice & deceit4 ,to ^! virtues we may add 8 con/ant att5tion to & affection = 8 "m4 ,/range1 wild1 & imprud5t1 8 faults *iefly hurt himself2 & ev5 ! impetuosity ( 8 "* seldom l$ him into any acts t injur$ or annoy$ o!rs4 ,z an au?or1 he may be said to be a bad trag$ian1 & n a good noveli/2 b he 0 an elegant writ]1 conv]sant ) ! dep?s & ! ref9em5ts ( ! human he>t4 ,8 subtle turn ( m9d l$ him too mu* to v]bal & m9ute criticism--8 love ( ! anci5ts sometimes injur$ ! w>m? & orig9ality ( 8 productions2 b we may "n two among !m z ne>ly p]fect 9 _! sev]al species2--! ,essays on ,petr>*1 9 prose2 &1 9 v]se1 8 ,ode on ,sepul*res1 :i*1 = h>mony1 grace1 sweetness1 & pure ta/e1 is p]haps unequall$ by any o!r poem 9 ! _w4 ,footnote #ed3 ,dei ,sepolcri di ,ugo ,foscolo4 ,footnote #ee3 ,see ! biographical notice ( ,foscolo1 prefix$ to ! ,ultime ,lett]e di ,jacopo ,ortis4 ,londra1 #ahbi4 ,footnote #ef3 ,pec*io1 ,vita di ,ugo ,foscolo4 ,footnote #eg3 ,pec*io4 ,footnote #eh3 ,pec*io4 ,footnote #ei3 ,hobh\se's ,illu/rations ( ! ,f\r? ,canto ( ,*ilde ,h>old4 ,footnote #fj3 ,pec*io4 ,footnote #fa3 ,con elle 7le ,grazie7 ,qui dov' io canto ,galileo s$ea ----a spi> l' a/ro ,della loro reg9a1 e il desviava ,col notturno rumor l' acqua remota ,*e sotto ai pioppi della riva d' ,arno ,furtiva e arg5tea gli volava al gu>do1 ,qui a lui l' ,alba1 la ,luna e il ,sol mo/rava ,g>eggianti di t9te1 or le s]5e ,nubi sulle c]ulee ,alpe s$5te ,ora il piano *e----alle tirr5e ,n]eidi1 imm5sa di citt e di selve ,sc5a--e di templi e d' arator beati1 ,or c5to colli1 onde ,app59 corona ,d' ulivi e d'antri1 e di m>moree ville ,l' elegante citt1 dove con ,flora ,le ,grazie han s]ti1 e amabile idioma4 ,footnote #fb3 ,/oria d' ,italia1 scritta da ,c>lo ,botta4 ,footnote #fc3 ,c>lo ,botta4 ,footnote #fd3 ,pec*io4 ,footnote #fe3 ,x 0 on acc\nt ( "o ( ^! ,graces t ,foscolo believ$ himself oblig$ to *all5ge "o ,graham1 an ,am]ican4 ,:5 !y met 9 ! field1 ! poet receiv$1 b did n return1 8 adv]s>y's fire1 & ! affair t]m9at$ )\t a reconciliation44 ,graham 0 at t "t a report] to a newspap]1 & _h s]v$ ,foscolo z translator ( 8 works4 ,he aft]w>ds got into difficulties1 committ$ a =g]y1 & 0 oblig$ to leave ?is c\ntry4 ,soon aft]1 he fell 9 a duel 9 ,am]ica4 ,footnote #ff3 ,pec*io1 ,vita di ,ugo ,foscolo4 ,footnote #fg3 ,!re is an error 9 ?is inscription ) reg>d to ! day ( ,foscolo's dea?1 & also probably ( 8 age1 s9ce x is suppos$ t he 0 n m ?an =ty-n9e :5 he di$4 ,8 c\ntrym5 also regret t in/ead ( ! above inscription1 t 0 n adopt$ :i* he wrote = himself1 "u ! feign$ "n ( ,didimo ,*i]ico1 :i* runs ?us3-- ,didymi ,cl]ici ,vitia3 virtus3 ossa ,hic3 po/3 annos 4 4 4 ,conquiesc]e cp]e4 ,,end ,,( ,,! ,,second ,,volume4