----------------------------------------
---------  ,transcrib]'s note3          
,obvi\s typographic errors h be5        
correct$4                               
----------------------------------------
---------          ,,brief ,,= ,,!      
,,high] ,,education ,,( ,,! ,,negro     
,,by    ,,pr(4 ,,kelly ,,mill]    ,,h[>d
 ,,univ]sity    ,illu/ration3           
,decoration    ,,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4       
#aijc          ,! ,negro's ,traditional 
,place 9 ,society4      ,ridicule &     
contempt h *>act]iz$ ! habitual attitude
 (  ! ,am]ican m9d t[>d ! ,negro's high]
 /riv+s4 ,! ,african  0 br\ght to ?is   
c\ntry = ! purpose ( p]=m+ manual &     
m5ial labor4 ,8 bodily p[]s alone 7     
requir$ to accompli%  ?is indu/rial     
mission4 ,no m acc\nt 0 tak5 ( 8 high]  
susceptibilities ?an ( ! m5tal & moral  
faculties ( ! l[]  animals4 ,z ! late   
,mr4 ,price us$ to say1 ! :ite man saw 9
 !  ,negro's m9d only :at 0 app>5t 9 8  
face1 8d>kness !re1  & no?+ m40 ,8      
usefulness 9 ! _w is /ill measur$ by    

physical faculties r ?an by qualities ( 
m9d & s\l4 ,!  m]ciless proposition (   
,c>lyle t1 ! ,negro is useful to ,god's 
creation only z a s]vant1 /ill f9ds wide
 acceptance4 ,x is s  natural to base a 
!ory ^u a long-e/abli%$ practice t "o   
no long] wond]s at ! preval5ce ( ?is    
belief4 ,! ,negro has  su/a9$ s]vile    
relation to ! ,caucasian = s long a "t t
 x  is easy z x is agreeable to ,aryan  
pride to conclude t s]vitude is  8      
orda9$ place 9 society4 ,:5 x 0 fir/    
propos$ to furni%  means = ! high]      
developm5t ( ?is race1 "s1 :o assum$ !  
wisdom ( _! day & g5]ation1 ent]ta9$ !  
proposition ) a  sne]1 o!rs1 ) a smile4 
,,manife/ations ,,( ,,high] ,,qualities4
    ,z ! high] susceptibilities ( !     
,negro 7 n want$1 _!  exi/5ce 0 at "o "t
 d5i$4 ,! et]nal inf]iority ( !  race 0 
assum$ z a "p ( ! cosmic ord] ( ?+s4    
,hi/ory1  lit]ature1 sci5ce1 speculative
 conjecture1 & ev5 ,holy ,writ 7        
ransack$ = evid5ce & argum5t to support 
! rul+ dogma4  ,:ile ! slave hold] _h   

prov$ beyond all possibility ( d\bt !   
incapacity ( ! ,negro = k1 yet he1      
prud5tly en\gh1 pass$  laws =bidd+ !    
attempt4 ,8 guilty consci5ce caus$ him  
to make  assurance d\bly sure by        
re-enact+ ! laws ( ! ,almighty4    ,=   
?ree hundr$ ye>s ! ,negro by 8 m>vel\s  
assimilative p[]  & by /rik+ individual 
emanations has be5 con/antly manife/+  !
 high] possibilities ( 8 nature1 until  
n[ :oev] assumes to  d\bt 8             
susceptibility = bett] ?+s ne$s himself 
to be piti$  = 8 incapacity to grasp !  
tru?4 ,! same ,c>lyle :o reg>ds !       
,negro z an 8amiable blockhead10 &      
am5able only to ! :ite man's  8b5efic5t 
:ip10 also decl>es3 8,t "o man %\ld die 
ignorant :o  _h capacity = k1 ?is ,i    
call a trag$y1 7 x to happ5  =ty times 9
 a m9ute40 ,:5 x is kn[n t ! ,negro has 
capacity  = k & virtue !re c be no fur!r
 ju/ification =  %utt+ him out f ! high]
 crav+s ( 8 nature4      ,,is ,,!       
,,high] ,,education ,,( ,,! ,,negro     
,,wor? ,,:ile ,,z ,a ,,practical        

,,philan?ropy8    ,! education ( !      
,negro is n ( itself a ?+ ap>t1 b is an 
integral factor ( ! g5]al p$agogic      
equation4 ,race psy*ology has  n yet be5
 =mulat$4 ,no reputable au?ority has    
po9t$ out j  :]e9 ! two races diff] 9   
any evid5t m5tal feature4 ,! m9d  ( !   
,negro is ( ! same nature z t ( ! :ite  
man & ne$s  ! same nurture4 ,! g5]al    
pov]ty ( ! ,negro1 h[ev]1 & 8  inability
 to =mulate & direct 8 own s*eme (      
culture1 r5d]  ! "q n s mu* "o ( ab/ract
 p$agogics1 z ( practical  philan?ropy4 
,! philan?ropi/ is supremely indiff]5t z
 to :e!r  an individual1 :ite or black1 
%\ld /udy ,kant or ,quat]ni\s1  except1 
9 s f> z ! result+ developm5t reacts    
b5eficially  ^u ! common welf>e4 ,does !
 high] education ( ! few capable        
,negroes possess suffici5t advantage to 
! race at l>ge to ju/ify  its cont9uance
 by a wise & discrim9at+ philan?ropy8 ,!
 great  mission>y societies1 repres5t+ !
 philan?ropic arms ( !  ,congregational1
 ,presbyt]ian1 ,me?odi/ & ,bapti/       

d5om9ations aft]  =ty ye>s ( ardu\s1    
e>ne/ endeavor & ! exp5diture ( _m      
millions ( doll>s 9 ?is field1 answ] ?is
 "q emphatically  9 ! affirmative4 ,an  
ounce ( op9ion f su* s\rces %\ld be     
wor? a ton ( speculation f ^? :o rea* _!
 conclusions by a  process ( 8pure      
reason+40      ,,! ,,function ,,(       
,,education ,,to ,a ,,backw>d ,,race4   
,! ,african 0 snat*$ f ! wilds ( savag]y
 & ?ru/ into !  mid/ ( a mighty         
civilization4 ,he ?us escap$ ! gradual  
progress  ( evolution4 ,education mu/   
accompli% m = a backw>d race ?an  = a p 
:o are 9 ! =e-front ( progress4 ,x mu/ n
 only  lead to ! unfoldm5t ( faculties b
 mu/ equip = a life f  :i* ! recipi5t is
 sep>at$ by _m c5turies ( developm5t4   
,! ,african *iefta9 :o w\ld make a      
pilgrimage f ! jungle to  ,bo/on might  
accompli% ! fir/ "p ( 8 j\rney by !     
orig9al  modes ( transportation--9 !    
primitive dug\t or on ! backs ( 8       
slaves2 b he w\ld complete x ^u !       
/eam%ip1 ! railway1 !  electric c> & !  

automobile4 ,h[ swift ! trans=mation &  
yet  h[ sugge/ive ( c5turies ( toil1    
/ruggle & m5tal endeavor4 ,x  requir$ ! 
human race ?\s&s ( ye>s to bridge ! *asm
 betwe5  savag]y & civilization1 :i* mu/
 n[ be cross$ by a s*ool  curriculum ( a
 few ye>s' duration4 ,9 a settl$ /ate ( 
society1  ! *ief function ( education is
 to enable ! individual to live  ! life 
already atta9$ by 8 race1 b ! educat$   
,negro mu/ be  a pione]1 a progressive  
=ce 9 ! uplift+ ( 8 race1 & t1  too1    
not)/&+ ! fact t he belongs to a backw>d
 bre$ t  has nev] tak5 ! initiative 9 ! 
progressive movem5ts ( !  _w4      ,,!  
,,high] ,,tra9+ ,,( ,,*oice ,,y\?4    ,!
 fir/ great ne$ ( ! ,negro is t ! *oice 
y\? ( !  race %\ld assimilate !         
pr9ciples ( culture & h& !m d[n  to !   
masses bel[4 ,?is is ! only gate-way    
?r\gh :i* a new  p may ent] into mod]n  
civilization4 ,h]e9 lies ! hi/ory (     
culture4 ,! select m9ds ( ! backw>d race
 or nation mu/ receive  ! new cult &    
adapt x to ! peculi> ne$s ( _! own p4   

,japan looms up z ! mo/ progressive ( ! 
non-,aryan races4 ,!  wond]ful progress 
( ^! ,ori5tal ,yankees is due 9 a l>ge  
measure  to _! wise plan ( proc$ure4 ,!y
 s5d _! pick$ y\? to !  great c5t]s (   
we/]n k2 b be=e ?is culture is appli$   
to _! own ne$s x mu/ fir/ be sift$ ?r\gh
 ! sieve ( _!  native compreh5sion4 ,!  
graduates ( ! s*ools & colleges = !     
,negro race are =m+ c5t]s ( civiliz+    
influ5ce 9 all p>ts (  ! l&1 & we       
confid5tly1 believe t ^! gra9s ( leav5 w
  ultimately leav5 ! :ole lump4         
,,self-,,reliant ,,manhood4    ,ano!r   
great ne$ ( ! race1 :i* ! s*ools mu/ 9 a
 l>ge  measure supply1 is self-reliant  
manhood4 ,slav]y made ! ,negro z        
dep5d5t ^u ! intellig5ce & =esight ( 8  
ma/] z a  soldi] ^u ! w ( 8 comm&]4 ,he 
_h no ne$ to take ?\ght  z to :at he    
%\ld eat or dr9k or :]e)al he %\ld be   
clo!d4    ,k necess>ily awak5s          
self-consci\sness ( p[]4    ,:5 a *ild  
le>ns ! multiplication table he gets a  
cle> notion  ( intellectual dignity4 ,"h

 he ga9s an acquisition :i* is 8        
p]man5t1 p]sonal possession1 & :i* c    
nev] be tak5 f  him4 ,x does n dep5d ^u 
ext]nal au?ority2 he c\ld reproduce  x  
if all ! visible =ms ( ! univ]se 7      
effac$4 ,x is said  t ! possession (    
p]sonal prop]ty is ! greate/ /imulus to 
self-respect4 ,:5 "o c read 8 title cle>
 to e>?ly possessions1  x awak5s a      
consci\sness ( ! dignity ( 8 own        
manhood4 ,& s  :5 "o has dige/$ &       
assimilat$ ! pr9ciples ( k he  c file 8 
decl>ation ( intellectual indep5d5ce4   
,he c adopt !  language ( ,montaigne    
8,tru? & reason are common to ev]yone1 &
 are  no m 8 :o spake !m fir/ ?an 8 :o  
speaks !m aft]2 'tis  no m accord+ to   
,plato ?an accord+ to me1 s9ce he & ,i  
equally  see & und]/& !m40    ,prim>y   
pr9ciples h no e?nic quality4 ,we he>   
mu* 9 ?is day &  "t ( ! :ite man's      
civilization4 ,we _h j z well speak ( ! 
:ite man's multiplication table4        
,civilization is ! common possession  ( 
all :o assimilate & apply its pr9ciples4

 ,engl& c utilize  no secret art or     
inv5tion t is n equally available to    
,japan4 ,we  rew>d +5uity ) a pat5t "r =
 a p]iod ( ye>s ^u !  process t has be5 
inv5t$2 b :5 an idea has be5 publi%$ to 
! _w x is no m ! exclusive prop]ty ( !  
au?or ?an gold1  aft] x has be5 put 9   
circulation1 c be claim$ by ! m9] :o    
fir/ dug x f its hid+ place 9 ! e>?4 ,no
 race or nation c  preempt civilization 
any m ?an !y c monopolize ! atmosph]e   
:i* surr\nds ! e>?1 or ! wat]s :i* hold 
x 9 _! liquid  embrace4    ,i h (t5     
notic$ a "y man accommodate 8 companion 
) a  light f 8 cig>4 ,aft] ! sp>k has   
once be5 communicat$1 !  b5efici>y /&s  
^u an equal foot+ ) ! b5efactor4 ,9 bo? 
cases ! fire mu/ be cont9u$ by draw+    
fre% supplies ( oxyg5  f ! atmosph]e4 ,f
 :atev] s\rce a nation may d]ive !      
light ( civilization1 x mu/ be p]petuat$
 by ! ex]cise ( _!  own faculties4      
,self-reliant manhood is ! ultimate     
basis ( ,am]ican  citiz5%ip4            
,,tra9+ ,,= ,,lead]%ip4    ,! "w ( !    

educat$ color$ man is l>gely t (        
lead]%ip4  ,he requires1 !re=e1 all !   
discipl9e1 judgm5t & m5tal  equipm5t t  
long prep>ation c af=d4 ,! m ignorant & 
backw>d ! masses ! m skill$ & sagaci\s  
%\ld ! lead]s  be4 ,if a b5eficial &    
k9dly contact betwe5 ! races is d5i$  on
 ! l[] plane ( fle% & blood1 x mu/ be   
s\ght 9 !  upp] region ( m5tal & moral  
k9%ip4 ,k & virtue "k  no e?nic         
exclusiv5ess4 ,if inde$ races are       
irreconcilable1 _!  be/ individual      
expon5ts are n4 ,all dignifi$           
negotiation mu/ be  conduct$ on ! high  
plane ( individual equality4            
8,= ea/ is ea/1 & we/ is we/1 & nev] !  
twa9 %all         meet1       ',till e>?
 & sky /& pres5tly at ,god's great      
judgm5t seat2       ,b !re is nei!r ea/ 
nor we/1 bord] nor bre$ nor bir?1       
,:5 two /rong m5 /& face to face1 ?\gh  
!y come f !         ends ( ! e>?0       
,! irreconcilable become reconcil$ only 
aft] ea* has manife/$  ! be/            
possibilities ( a common nature4 ,!     

high] education t5ds  to develop sup]ior
 individuals :o may be expect$ to       
ex]cise  controll+ influ5ce ov] !       
multitude4 ,! individual is ! pro(1  !  
promise & ! salvation ( ! race4 ,!      
undevelop$ races  :i*1 9 mod]n times1 h 
fad$ be=e ! brea? ( civilization  h     
probably p]i%$ because ( _! failure to  
produce comm&+  lead]s to guide !m      
wisely "u ! /ress & /ra9 :i* an         
encroa*+ civilization impos$4 ,a s+le r$
 ,indian ) ! capacity  & _s ( ,book] ,t4
 ,wa%+ton might h solv$ ! r$ man's      
problems & av]t$ 8 p5d+ doom4      ,,!  
,,moral ,,impot5cy ,,( ,,elem5t>y ,,&   
,,me*anical ,,k4    ,aga91 ! high]      
education %\ld be enc\rag$ because ( !  
moral  impot5cy ( all ! modes (         
education :i* d n t\* & /ir  ! human _s4
 ,x is folly to suppose t ! moral nature
 ( !  *ild is improv$ because x has be5 
taught to read & write & ca/  up        
acc\nts1 or to practice a h&icraft4     
,trac+ ! lett]s ( !  alphabet ) a p5 has
 no be>+ on ! ,gold5 ,rule4 ,! spell+ ( 

words by s\nds & syllables does n lead  
to ! obs]vance ( !  ,t5 ,comm&m5ts4     
,drill 9 ! multiplication table does n  
fasc9ate  ! le>n] ) ! s]mon on ! m\nt4  
,rules 9 gramm>1 dates 9  hi/ory1 sums 9
 ari?metic1 & po9ts 9 geography d n     
/r5g!n  ! grasp on moral tru?4 ,!       
ability to saw to a l9e or hit a nail   
aplomb ) a hamm] does n create a zeal = 
righte\sness &  tru?4 ,x is only :5 !   
pupil comes to feel ! vitaliz+ p[] (  k 
t x beg9s to re-act ^u ! life & to      
fructify 9  "*4 ,?is is especially true 
( a backw>d race ^: acquisitive  p[]    
outruns its app]ceptive faculty4        
,,! ,,social ,,sep>ation ,,( ,,!        
,,races4    ,! ,negro has n[ rea*$ a    
critical /age 9 8 c>e]4 ,! po9t  (      
atta*m5t betwe5 ! races :i* slav]y made 
possible has be5  de/roy$4 ,! relation  
is daily becom+ less intimate & fri5dly1
  & m bus9ess-l & =mal4 ,x ?us becomes  
all ! m  imp]ative t ! race %\ld ga9 =  
itself ! prim>y pr9ciples  ( k &        
culture4    ,! social sep>ation ( !     

races 9 ,am]ica r5d]s x imp]ative  t !  
pr(essional classes among ! ,negroes    
%\ld be recruit$  f _! own ranks4 ,"u   
ord9>y circum/ances1 pr(essional  places
 are fill$ by ! mo/ favor$ class 9 !    
community4 ,9 a  ,lat9 or ,ca?olic      
c\ntry1 :]e ! fiction ( 8social         
equality0  does n exi/1 !re is felt no  
necessity = ,negro prie/1 tea*]1  or    
physician to adm9i/] to 8 own race4 ,b 9
 ,am]ica ?is is  conc$$ to be a social  
necessity4 ,su* be+ ! case1 ! ,negro    
lead]1 to use a famili> t]m1 requires   
all ! pr(essional  equipm5t ( 8 :ite    
confr]e1 & special k ( ! ne$s  &        
circum/ances ( 8 race 9 addition4 ,!    
tea*] ( ! ,negro  *ild1 ! prea*] ( a    
,negro congregation1 or ! physician to  
,negro  pati5ts1 c]ta9ly requires z mu* 
pr(essional skill z ^? :o  adm9i/] to ! 
correspond+ ne$s ( ! :ite race4 ,nor are
  ! requirem5ts ( ! situation "o :it    
dim9i%$ because !  be/[] is ( ! same    
race z ! recipi5t4 ,! ,negro has ! same 
pr(essional ne$s z 8 :ite confr]e & c be

 qualifi$ = 8  function only by c\rses (
 tra9+ ( l ext5t & ?or\ghness4  ,by no  
o!r means c he be qualifi$ to enlight5 !
 ignorant1  re/ra9 ! vici\s1 c>e = !    
sick & afflict$1 or adm9i/]  solace to  
we>y s\ls1 plead 9 litigation ! cause ( 
! injur$4      ,,! ,,pr(essional ,,ne$s 
,,( ,,! ,,city ,,negro4    ,accord+ to !
 c5sus ( #aijj1 !re 7 #gb cities 9 !    
,unit$  ,/ates ) a population ( m ?an   
#e1jjj p]sons ( color1 av]ag+  #ae1jjj  
ea*1 & aggregat+ #a1jjj1jjj 9 all4 ,!   
pr(essional  ne$s ( ?is urban population
 = tea*]s1 prea*]s1 lawy]s &  physicians
 call = #e1jjj well-equipp$ m5 & wom51 n
 "o ( :om  w\ld be qualifi$ = 8 function
 by ! ?ree ,r's or a h&icraft4      ,,! 
,,effect ,,( ,,high] ,,education ,,^u   
,,! ,,rural ,,masses4    ,! supreme     
conc]n ( philan?ropy is ! welf>e ( !    
unawak5$  rural masses4 ,to ?is end !re 
is ne$ ( a goodly spr9kl+ ( well        
educat$ m5 & wom5 to give wise guidance1
 direction & control4  ,let no "o       
deceive himself t ! c\ntry ,negro c be  

uplift$  except ?r\gh ! influ5ce ( high]
 contact4 ,x is impossible to           
inaugurate & conduct a manual tra9+ or  
indu/rial s*ool )\t  m5 ( s\nd academic 
z well z te*nical k4 ,! tor* :i*  is to 
light5 ! d>ksome places ( ! ,s\? mu/ be 
k9dl$ at !  c5t]s ( light4      ,,!     
,,importance ,,( ,,cultivat$ ,,ta/e4    
,rational enjoym5t1 ?r\gh mod]ation1 is 
p]haps z good a  def9ition z c be giv5 (
 culture4 ,! reaction ( culture on      
conduct is a well kn[n pr9ciple (       
practical e?ics4 ,! ,negro race  is     
*>act]iz$ by boi/]\sness ( mann] &      
extravagant =ms  ( ta/e4 ,z if to       
correct su* defici5cies1 8 high]        
education1  hi!rto1 has l>gely be5      
conc]n$ ) ,greek & ,lat9 lit]ature1  !  
norms ( mod]n culture4 ,x is j "h t our 
educational  critics are liable to      
become excit$4 ,! spectacle ( a ,negro  
we>+  eye-glasses & declaim+ 9 classic  
phrases ab\t ! 8l(ty walls (  ,rome10 & 
! 8wra? ( ,a*illes0 upsets _! critical  
calmness &  composure4 ,we h s (t5 li/5$

 to ! grotesque incongruity ( a  ,greek 
*orus & a greasy cab9 & ! relative value
 ( a rosewood  piano & a pat* ( e>ly    
rose potatoes t if we did n jo9 9 !     
smile 9 ord] to enc\rage ! humor1 we    
%\ld d s out ( %e]  we>9ess4 ,& yet we  
_c escape ! conviction t "o ( !         
,negro's *ief ne$s is a high] =m (      
intellectual & e/hetic ta/e4      ,,!   
,,relative ,,claims ,,( ,,indu/rial ,,& 
,,high] ,,education4    ,:5ev] ! high]  
education ( ! ,negro is broa*$1         
indu/rial  tra9+ is always sugge/$ z a  
c\nt] irritant4 ,p>tisans (  rival      
claims align !mselves 9 ho/ile array & w
 n s mu*  z respect a flag ( truce4 ,^! 
"o-ey$ en?usia/s lack b9ocul>  vision4  
,! futile discussion z to :e!r indu/rial
 or high]  education is ( great]        
importance to ! ,negro is sugge/ive ( a 
subject ( great r5[n 9 rural debat+     
societies3 :i* is (  great] importance  
to man1 air or wat]4 ,we _h z well      
attempt to  decide :e!r ! base or       
altitude is ! m important elem5t ( a    

triangle4 ,! two =ms ( tra9+ %\ld be    
consid]$ on ! basis  ( _! relative1 n   
rival1 claims4      ,,! ,,high]         
,,education ,,/imulates ,,indu/rial     
,,activity4    ,inde$1 "o ( ! /ronge/   
claims = ! high] education ( !  ,negro  
is t x w /imulate ! dormant indu/rial   
activities (  ! race4 ,! sure/ way to   
incite a p to meet ! mat]ial  dem&s (   
life is to tea* !m t life is m ?an meat4
 ,!  unimag9ative labor] pursues ! r\t9e
 r\nds ( 8 task1 spurr$  on1 only by !  
imm$iate necessities ( life & !         
taskma/]'s  /]n comm&4 ,to him1 x is    
only "t & ! h\r t run ?r\gh  ! :ole day4
 ,! ,negro lacks enlight5$ imag9ation4  
,he ne$s  prospect & vi/a4 ,he does n   
make provision because he lacks         
prevision4 ,"u slav]y he toil$ z ! ass1 
dep5d5t ^u ! daily  all[ance f 8 ma/]'s 
crib4 ,to him ! pray]1 ,give u ?is day  
our daily bread1 has a mat]ial r ?an a  
spiritual mean+4 ,if y  w\ld p]petuate !
 indu/rial incapacity ( ! ,negro1 !n    
conf9e  him to ! l[ gr\nds ( drudg]y &  

toil & prev5t him f  ca/+ 8 eyes unto ! 
hills :5ce come inspiration & promise4  
,! man ) ! hoe is ( all m5 mo/ mis]able 
unless1 =soo?1  he has a hope4 ,b if    
imbu$ ) hope & su/a9$ by an ideal1 he  c
 consecrate ! hoe z well z any o!r      
in/rum5t ( s]vice1 z  a means ( fulfill+
 ! promise )9 him4 ,:5 a se$ is s[n 9  !
 gr\nd x fir/ s5ds its roots into ! soil
 be=e ! blades  c rise out ( x4 ,b is x 
n actuat$ by ! plant consci\sness  to   
seek ! light ( heav58 ,= :at is !       
purpose ( s5d+ its  roots bel[1 if x be 
n 9 ord] to be> fruit above8 ,! pilgrim 
fa!rs 9 foll[+ ! inspiration ( a l(ty   
ideal develop$ !  res\rces ( a cont95t4 
,any p :o attempt to rea* ! sky on a    
p$e/al ( bricks & mort> w end 9         
confusion & bewild]m5t z  did ! build]s 
( ! ,t[] ( ,babel on ! pla9s ( ,%9> 9 ! 
days ( ,eld4 ,x requires range ( vision 
to /imulate ! indu/rial  activities ( ! 
p4 ,! mo/ effective pray] t c be utt]$  
= ! ,negro is 8,"l1 op5 ?\ 8 eyes40 ,he 
c n see beyond  ! mom5t>y gratification 

( appetite & passion4 ,he does n look   
be=e & aft]4 ,su* /imulat+ influ5ce c be
 br\ght to be>  ^u ! race only ?r\gh !  
inspiration ( ! high] culture4      ,,m5
 ,,( ,,high] ,,tra9+ ,,! ,,lead]s ,,(   
,,indu/rial ,,education4    ,x requires 
m5 ( s\nd k to conceive & execute plans 
= ! indu/rial education ( ! masses4 ,!  
great apo/les (  indu/rial education = !
 ,negro h be5 ( academic tra9+1 or  (   
its cultural equival5t4 ,! "w ( ,hampton
 & ,tuskegee is c>ri$  on by m5 & wom5 (
 a high degree ( m5tal cultivation4     
,,dr4 ,,book] ,t4 ,,wa%+ton ,,an        
,,example ,,( ,,high] ,,culture4        
,doctor ,book] ,t4 ,wa%+ton1 note !     
title1 is ! mo/ influ5tial  ,negro t !  
race "u fre$om has produc$4 ,he is !    
great apo/le  ( indu/rial tra9+4 ,8     
great success is b ! legitimate outcome 
( 8 e>ne/ness & en?usiasm4 ,& yet !re is
 no m /rik+  illu/ration ( ! necessity (
 wise1 judici\s & cultivat$  lead]%ip z 
a means ( /imulat+ ! dormant activity ( 
!  masses ?an he :o hails f ,tuskegee4  

,8 success is due :olly to  8           
intellectual & moral faculties4 ,8      
p]sonal opportunities (  association &  
contact h be5 equival5t to a lib]al     
education4  ,two ( ,am]ica's greate/    
in/itutions ( le>n+ h fitt+ly  recogniz$
 8 moral & intellectual wor? by decorat+
 him )  _! highe/ lit]>y honors4 ,mr4   
,wa%+ton possesses an enlight5$  m9d to 
discov] ! ne$s ( ! masses1 executive    
tact to put 8  plans 9 effective        
op]ation1 & p]suasive ability to conv9ce
  o!rs z to ! exp$i5cy ( 8 policies4 ,he
 possesses no trade  or h&icraft1 if s  
he has nev] let ! ,am]ican p into !     
secret4 ,nor c x be easily se5 :at      
possible b5efit su* trade or  h&icraft  
w\ld be to him 9 ! "w :i* has fall5 to 8
 lot4  ,tuskegee has be5 built on       
intellect & oratory4 ,if ,mr4 ,wa%+ton  
_h  be5 born ) palsi$ h&s1 b end[$ ) !  
same intellectual  gifts & p[]s (       
p]suasive spee*1 ,tuskegee w\ld n h     
suff]$  "o iota by reason ( 8 manual    
affliction4 ,b1 on ! o!r h&1  _h he come

 into ! _w ) a sluggi% bra9 & a heavy   
tongue1  :atev] cunn+ & skill 8 h&s     
might h acquir$1 he nev]  c\ld h        
develop$ ! in/itution :i* has made him  
ju/ly fam\s  ?r\gh\t ! civiliz$ _w4     
,,! ,,defici5cy ,,( ,,! ,,slave         
,,me*anic4    ,slav]y taught ! ,negro1  
to "w b at ! same "t to despise ^?  :o  
work$4 ,to !m all %[ ( respectability 0 
atta*$ to ^?  :om circum/ances plac$    
above ! necessity ( toil4 ,x requires   
intellectual conception ( ! object & !  
end ( labor to ov]come  ?is mis*iev\s   
notion4 ,! ,negro me*anics produc$ "u ! 
old  slave regime are rapidly pass+ away
 because !y did n possess  ! p[] (      
self-p]petuation4 ,!y 7 n root$ & gr\nd$
 9  rational pr9ciples ( ! me*anical    
arts4 ,! h& c\ld n transmit  its cunn+  
because ! m9d 0 n tra9$4 ,!y 7 giv5 !   
,knack  )\t ! k4      ,,money ,,sp5t ,,=
 ,,! ,,high] ,,education ,,( ,,! ,,negro
 ,,n ,,wa/$4    ,! *>ge has rec5tly be5 
made t money sp5t on ! high]  education 
( ! ,negro has be5 wa/$4 ,does ?is *>ge 

come f  ! ,s\?8 ,:5 we consid] t x 0    
?r\gh ,nor!rn philan?ropy  t a ?ird (   
its population receiv$ _! fir/ impulse  
t[>d  bett] ?+s2 t ^! high] in/itutions 
prep>$ ! #cj1jjj ,negro  tea*]s ^:      
s]vices are utiliz$ 9 ! public s*ools2 t
 !  m5 & wom5 :o 7 ! b5efici>ies ( ?is  
philan?ropy are do+  all 9 _! p[] to    
control1 guide & re/ra9 ! ,s\?'s        
ignorant  & vici\s masses1 ?us light5+ !
 public burd5 & lift+ !  g5]al life to a
 high] level3 t ^! p]sons are almo/ )\t 
exception e>ne/ advocates ( peace1      
h>mony & good-w betwe5  ! races2 to say 
no?+ ( ! fact t ^! va/ philan?ropic     
contributions h pass$ ?r\gh ! trade     
*annels ( ,s\!rn  m]*ants1 x w\ld seem t
 ! *>ge is /rangely incompatible  ) t   
high-m9d$ disposition & *ivalr\s _s :i* 
!  ,s\? is s zeal\s to ma9ta94 ,does ?is
 *>ge come f ! ,nor?8  ,x might n be    
imp]t95t to prop\nd a few propositions =
 _!  consid]ation4 ,is x possible to    
specify a l sum ( money sp5t ^u  any o!r
 backw>d race t has produc$ great]      

results ?an !  am\nt sp5t ^u ! ,s\!rn   
,negro8 ,is x ! ,am]ican ,indian1 ^u    
:om f\r c5turies ( mission>y ef=t has   
produc$ no m progress  ?an is made by a 
pa9t$ %ip on a pa9t$ sea8 ,is x !       
,hawaiian1  :o w soon be civiliz$ (f !  
face ( ! e>?8 ,is x ! ,*9ese  ^u :om !  
*ief effect ( ,*ri/ian philan?ropy is to
 incite !m  to brea! out slaught] aga9/ 
! /rang] )9 _! gates8 ,x is  incumb5t ^u
 him :o claims t ?is money has be5 wa/$ 
to po9t  out :]e1 9 all ! range (       
b5evol5t activity ! contributions (     
philan?ropy h be5 m pr(itably sp5t4     
,x is true t =ty or fifty millions (    
doll>s h be5 ?us  sp5t1 b :5 we consid] 
! magnitude ( ! task to :i* x 0  appli$1
 we f9d t x w\ld n av]age "o doll> a ye>
 = ea*  ,negro *ild to be educat$4 ,:y  
%\ld we m>vel1 !n1 t ! entire  mass (   
ignorance & corruption has n put on     
enlight5m5t &  purity8      ,,n ,,m]e   
,,!oriz]s4    ,we (t5 he> t ! advocates 
( high] education are m]e !ori/s  )\t   
def9ite1 tangible plans & propositions4 

,!re has rec5tly  sprung into prom95ce a
 class ( educational philosoph]s :o d5y 
! value ( /or$ up k4 ,we are in=m$ t    
only su*  in=mation z w be honor$ at !  
corn] groc]y or is conv]tible  on dem&  
into ca% equival5t is ( practical value1
 :ile all else is  an educational       
delusion & a sn>e4 ,! tru? is1 t all k  
:i* cl>ifies ! vision1 ref9es ! feel+s1 
broad5s !  conception ( tru? & duty &   
ennobles ! manhood is ( ! highe/  & mo/ 
valuable =m ( practicability4 ,an       
in/itution :i* s5ds  into ! _w a        
physician to heal ! sick1 a lawy] to    
plead !  cause ( ! injur$1 a tea*] to   
enlight5 ! m9ds ( ! ignorant1  or a     
prea*] to break ! bread ( life to hungry
 s\ls is r5d]+  j z practical a s]vice  
to ! race z ^? s*ools :i* prep>e  m5 to 
build h\ses & plant potatoes4      ,,ne$
 ,,= ,,! ,,negro ,,college4    ,x is    
sometimes claim$ t ! few capable        
,negroes c f9d  opportunity = high]     
tra9+ 9 ! in/itutions ( ! ,nor?4 ,x  is 
by no means c]ta9 to :at ext5t ^!       

in/itutions w\ld admit  color$ /ud5ts4  
,! ,nor!rn ,college is n apt to inspire 
!  color$ pupil ) ! en?usiasm & fix$    
purpose = ! "w :i*  ,provid5ce has      
assign$ him4 ,x is ! _s1 n ! lett] t    
make? alive4 ,! :ite ,college does n    
contemplate ! special ne$s  ( ! ,negro  
race4 ,am]ican ideals c\ld n be fo/]$ 9 
! :ite  y\? ( our l& by s5d+ !m to ,ox=d
 or ,b]l9 = tuition4 ,no  m c ! ,negro  
ga9 racial inspiration f ,h>v>d or      
,yale4 ,&  yet !y ne$ ! b5efit ( contact
 & comp>ison1 & ! zeal =  k & tru? :i*  
^! great in/itutions imp>t4 ,! ,negro   
,college & ! ,nor!rn in/itutions w s]ve 
to pres]ve a balance  betwe5 undue      
elation = want ( sob] comp>ison1 & b>r5 
culture1  = lack ( inspirational contact
 ) ! masses4      ,,does ,,! ,,high]    
,,education ,,lead ,,away ,,f ,,!       
,,race8    ,x is (t5 *>g$ t ! high]     
education lifts ! ,negro above  ! ne$s (
 8 race4 ,! ?\s&s ( graduates ( ,negro  
,s*ools &  ,colleges all ov] ! l& are a 
liv+ refutation ( ?is *>ge4  ,aft] ! m9d

 has be5 /or$ ) k x is transmitt$ to  ! 
place :]e ! ne$ is greate/ & ! call is  
l\de/1 &  transmut$ into :atev] mode (  
en]gy may be necess>y to accompli%  !   
impos$ task4    ,! issues involv$ 9 !   
race "q are z intricate 9 _!  relations 
& f> rea*+ 9 _! consequ5ces z any t h   
ev] tax$ human wisdom = solution4 ,no "o
 c be too le>n$ or  too pr(\nd 9 ^: h&s 
are entru/$ ! temporal & et]nal  de/9y (
 a human s\l4 ,ev5 if ! educat$ ,negro  
desir$ to flee  f 8 race1 he soon le>ns 
by bitt] exp]i5ce t he w be  ?r[n back  
^u himself by ! expulsive p[] (         
prejudice4 ,he soon  le>ns t !          
,newtonian =mula has a social           
application3 8,! =ce  ( attraction v>ies
 directly z ! mass40      ,a ,,concrete 
,,illu/ration4    ,b ,wisdom is ju/ifi$ 
( h] *ildr54 ,z an illu/ration ( !      
value ( ! high] education ( ! ,negro    
race1 ,i po9t to ,h[>d  ,univ]sity1 :i* 
is ! l>ge/ & be/ equipp$ in/itution (   
its  class4 ,! e/abli%m5t & ma9t5ance ( 
?is in/itution dur+ !  pa/ #ce ye>s has 

co/ betwe5 two & ?ree millions ( doll>s4
 ,z  returns on ?is inve/m5t x has s5t  
into ! _w #bjj m9i/]s (  ! ,gospel1 #gjj
 physicians1 ph>maci/s & d5ti/s1 #cjj   
lawy]s1 &  #fjj p]sons ) a g5]al        
academic & collegiate tra9+1 toge!r  )  
?\s&s ( "s "t pupils :o h %>$ ! p>tial  
b5efits  ( its c\rses4 ,^! graduates &  
"s "t pupils are to be f\nd  9 e c\ntry 
& di/rict :]e ! ,negro population       
resides &  are fill+ places (           
usefulness1 honor & di/9ction1 z well z 
p]=m+ works ( m]cy & sacrificial s]vice4
 ,!y s]ve z  inspiration & /imulus1     
quick5+ ! dormant en]gies ( ! p  & urg+ 
!m to l(ti] ideals & nobl] modes ( life4
 ,x devolves  ^u ! compla9ant to pres5t 
"s plan by :i* a l sum ( money1  9 a l  
space ( "t1 c be sp5t ^u an in/itution (
 :atev]  designation s z to produce a m 
:olesome & m wide-spread  effect ^u !   
g5]al social uplift4