,,s]vice ,,by ,,! ,,educat$ ,,negro     
,,address ,,( ,,roscoe ,,conkl+ ,,bruce 
,,( ,,tuskegee ,,in/itute ,,at ,,!      
,,comm5cem5t    ,,ex]cises ,,( ,,! ,m   
,,/reet    ,,high ,,s*ool ,,metropolitan
 ,a4 ,m4 ,e4    ,,*ur* ,,wa%+ton1 ,d4   
,c41 ,,june #af1 #aijc                  
,copyright #aijc    ,c4 ,w4 ,b4 ,bruce  
,tuskegee ,in/itute ,/eam ,pr9t4        
,,s]vice ,,by ,,! ,,educat$ ,,negro4    
,:5 ,george ,william ,curtis _h receiv$ 
f ,h>v>d h] greate/  degree1 he arose at
 ! ,alumni ,d9n] & said1 8,9 ! old      
,italian  /ory ! nobleman turns out ( ! 
hot /reet cr[d$ ) eag]  faces into !    
coolness & sil5ce ( 8 palace4 ,z he     
looks at !  pictures ( ! long l9e (     
ance/ors he he>s a voice1--or is x  8   
own he>t beat+8--:i* says to him        
noblesse oblige4 ,!  y\nge/ scion ( !   
olde/ h\se is pl$g$ by all ! virtues &  
honor ( 8 ance/ry to a life n unwor?y 8 
l9eage4444 ,:5 ,i  came "h ,i 0 n a     
nobleman1 b to-day ,i h be5 ennobl$4 ,! 
y\nge/ doctor ( ! olde/ s*ool1 ,i too1  

say ) ! ,italian1  noblesse oblige4 ,i  
am pl$g$ by all ! honorable traditions (
  ! noble family into :i* ,i am ?is day 
adopt$40444 ,y1 my fri5ds1  are ennobl$ 
by ! diploma ( a s*ool1 ri* 9 traditions
 ( high  endeavor & actual s]vice4 ,%all
 ^? traditions fail to ent] y\r  he>ts1 
& to quick5 y\r en]gies1 & to *a/5 y\r  
ambitions8  ,?is "q y are n n[ compet5t 
to answ]1 & y w n be  compet5t until y h
 liv$ y\r lives4    ,y\r equipm5t = !   
bus9ess ( life is n contemptible4 ,z    
work]s y h "s acqua9tance ) ! natural   
res\rces (  our c\ntry1 & ! ways 9 :i*  
!y h be5 utiliz$ 9 !  production &      
di/ribution ( commodities ?r\gh !       
p]fect+ (  indu/rial organization & !   
apply+ ( sci5ce to "w4 ,m1  importantly1
 y possess 9 v>y+ degrees a gr\p (      
valuable  indu/rial qualities1--t       
ambition )\t :i* "w is drudg]y  &       
enl>gem5t ( life uns\ght & unatta9able2 
t habit (  e>ne/ endeavor :i*1 e/abli%$ 
by cont9u\s att5tion to ,greek  or      
,lat91 ma!matics or hi/ory1 may be      

utiliz$ 9 ! s*ool room1  or on ! f>m1 or
 9 ! c\rt room2 t habit ( self-control  
:i* enables m5 to sacrifice vagrant     
impulse to sob] duty2 t  res\rcefulness 
:i* discov]s bett] me?ods ( gett+ "w    
done2  t direct+ intellig5ce by :i* "o  
man c effectively organize  = a giv5    
purpose1 _m mat]ials & _m work]s4 ,9    
addition to  ! k & ! qualities ,i h     
m5tion$1 mo/ ( y h a  settl$ disposition
 t[>d "s =m ( self-support appropriate  
to an  exceptional tra9+2 :ile y "k t "s
 m5 mu/ black o!r  m5's boots1 y also "k
 t a boot-black ) a high s*ool diploma  
at home means wa/e--wa/e ( "t1 wa/e (   
money1 wa/e ( education4  ,moreov]1 y   
appreciate ! duties & value ! privileges
 (  citiz5%ip 9 a democracy1 & mo/ ( y h
 on ! :ole a s]i\s  int5t to d :at y    
reasonably c to promote ! g5]al welf>e4 
,su* is y\r equipm5t z citiz5s4 ,f9ally1
 z human be+s1 y are  able to p>ticipate
 9 ! intellectual1 /hetic1 & moral      
int]e/s  ( cultivat$ p4 ,h[ may y ) su* 
equipm5t be really useful  "u !         

conditions ( ,am]ican life8 ,t is our   
problem4    ,& "r "h let me say t nobody
 wi%es y to make a pr(ession  ( uplift+ 
y\r race4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 t's a pretty 
big job2  & 9 ! second place1 y\r race  
is uplift$ :5ev] "o ( y  manages well a 
truck f>m1 a groc]y /ore1 a s*ool room1 
or a bank4  ,*>ity beg9s at home2 y\r   
*ief bus9ess %\ld be to uplift ea*      
himself4 ,my pres5t purpose1 h[ev]1 is  
to consid] ma9ly h[ su*  individual     
success may contribute to ! welf>e ( !  
_m4    ,let u consid]1 fir/ ( all1 h[ y 
may be ( direct s]vice by "w  9 :i* !   
*ief factor is p]sonal influ5ce & by "w 
9 :i*  ! *ief factor is direct+         
intellig5ce4    ,tea*+ is an art        
insep>able f ! p]sonality ( ! tea*]1--an
  art 9 :i* a mature p]son seeks by     
p]sonal influ5ce to help  immature      
p]sons build _! *>act]s s\ndly4 ,tea*+  
ability1  to adapt ! words ( ,c>d9al    
,newman1 8is n a m]e extr9sic or        
accid5tal advantage :i* is ours to-day &
 ano!r's to-morr[1  :i* may be got up f 

a book & easily =gott5 aga91 :i* we  c  
comm& or communicate at our pleasure1   
:i* we c borr[ =  ! occasion1 c>ry ab\t 
9 our h&s & take into ! m>ket2 x is  an 
acquir$ illum9ation1 x is a habit1 a    
p]sonal possession & an  inw>d end[m5t40
 ,! be/ way to become a good tea*] is1  
!re=e1  to become a good man or a good  
woman1 & to gr[ 9 p[] to int]e/  &      
influ5ce "y p4 ,su* p]sonality & p[] _c 
be  manufactur$ to ord]1 b are sl[ly    
develop$ by mu* read+ &  ?9k+ & do+ & no
 little contact ) :olesome p4 ,9  ,*>les
 ,francis ,adams' pung5t address1 at    
,cambridge 9 #ahhc1 he said1  8,9 ^!    
days ( repeat+ rifles1 my alma mat] s5t 
me & my  classmates out into ! /rife    
equipp$ ) %ields & swords &  javel9s4   
,we 7 to grapple ) liv+ que/ions ?r\gh !
 m$ium  ( ! dead languages40 ,:ile ?us  
%>ply criticiz+ ! cont5t  ( !           
curriculum1 ,mr4 ,adams w\ld h be5 !    
fir/ to ma9ta9  t to brea! ! atmosph]e (
 a univ]sity is an assur$ way (  gett+  
broad5$ culture1 & t ?is atmosph]e is   

made l>gely  by ! tea*]s4 ,fr$]ick      
,d\glass _h no univ]sity degree1 b he  0
 c]ta9ly a man ( culture2 8 tea*]s 7    
among ! *oice/  spirits ( an ar\s$      
g5]ation--,sumn] & ,g>rison & ,w5dell   
,phillips--& !y gave him bread? &       
balance & cle>-sight$ness4  ,*>les      
,francis ,adams 0 set ^u ! highway (    
mod]n culture  despite ! curriculum2    
,d\glass receiv$ t grace :i* is ( !  _s 
( lit]ature )\t ! curriculum4 ,bo? m5 7 
deeply  indebt$ to noble tea*]s4 ,! ?+ t
 makes "o man really  diff]5t f ano!r is
 n s mu* k z "*2 & !  ?+ t makes "o     
s*ool diff]5t f ano!r is n s mu*        
curriculum & app>atus1 z tea*+ body4    
,algebra & trigonometry1  ,greek &      
,lat91 hi/ory & political economy1 !    
/ud5t w  =get2 b he w n =get a tea*]    
g5tle b e>ne/1 (  dis9t]e/$ s*ol>%ip &  
life-long devotion4 ,! specific tea*+   
may be q eras$ f ! memory1 b 9 ! he>t w 
be left a  deep5+ respect = ! tea*]4    
,_m ( y are to become class-room tea*]s4
 ,rememb] t tea*+  ability is an inw>d  

end[m5t2 rememb] t a morally /unt$ man  
or a ribbon-lov+ woman _c be an         
effective tea*]4 ,! mo/  se>*+ critic ( 
"* ,i ev] knew 0 a b>efoot boy ^:       
laugh+ eyes danc$ ov] ! pages ( ! f\r?  
read]2 an intuitive  philosoph] he6     
,s*ool boy op9ion has1 ,i d\bt n1 _m    
vag>ies  b on ! :ole its ess5tial       
decisions z to tea*]s are amaz+ly       
correct4 ,:e!r y tea* geography by !    
,oswego ,me?od1 is n  greatly to ! po9t2
 :e!r y h won ! confid5ce ( y\r         
class--t is ! ma9 issue2 & t conque/ is 
n made by !  sword ( discipl9e b by ! _s
 ( vigor\s goodness4    ,moreov] ! g5u9e
 tea*] kn[s t 8 duty is n b\nd$ by !    
f\r walls ( ! class-room4 ,he is deal+ )
 boys & girls to be  sure1 b he is deal+
 ) m--) social conditions4 ,! life &  "w
 ( ! community he mu/ /udy q z mu* z he 
mu/ /udy !  *ild4 ,inde$1 *ild & man are
 l>gely products ( social conditions4   
,! educat$ tea*]1 by fri5dly visits to  
homes & by *e]ful "w  9 *ur*es &        
societies1 w seek to elevate community  

op9ion &  ! /&>d ( life & "w4 ,a cr[d$  
unclean home 9 an undra9$  /reet1 is    
almo/ z mu* an object ( conc]n to !     
educat$ tea*]  z is a hopeless little   
dunce :o c't spell 8rabbit60 ,let u     
gr\nd  *ild-/udy 9 community /udy4      
,?is k ( ! life & "w ( ! community w    
react ^u  ! program ( /udy4 ,! educat$  
tea*]1 ,i h said1 aims at  rais+ some:at
 ! level ( life 9 ! community4 ,!       
program (  /udy is an in/rum5t = t end4 
,a s*ool unresponsive to ! ne$s  (      
actual life is a s*ool prep>+ = ,utopia4
 ,! univ]sities &  ! public s*ools ( !  
,we/]n ,/ates illu/rate :at ,i mean3 =  
example1 ! ,univ]sity ( ,cali=nia has   
rec5tly introduc$ a c\rse  9 irrigation4
 ,& "h 9 ! ,ea/1 ,cornell tea*es p\ltry 
rais+4  ,= an unscrubb$ population !    
s*ool %\ld emphasize cleanl9ess2  = a   
prop]tyless population1 =esight & ?rift4
 ,let me speak  ev5 m def9itely4 ,9 ?is 
city ( ,wa%+ton1 z 9 o!r urban          
communities1 ! dea? rate ( ! ,negro     
population is exce$+ly  high4 ,?is      

excessive dea? rate is due to a v>iety (
 causes2  relatively l[ economic        
position is a p[]ful cause4 ,?us1 "o ( !
  l>ge/ indu/rial insurance companies 9 
! ,unit$ ,/ates f9ds1 ,i  le>n1 t ! dea?
 rate ( ,negroes is practically ! same z
 t  ( :ites1 9 approximately ! same     
indu/rial occupations2 & !re  is mu* m  
evid5ce to ! same effect4 ,9 addition to
 ! tea*+  ( hygi5e1 ! s*ool may aim to  
rem$y ! conditions express$ 9  ! high   
dea? rate1 9 two ways1--fir/1 ?r\gh     
imp>t+ productive  capacity by ! tra9+ (
 h&s2 & second1 ?r\gh develop+ wants  by
 ! t\*+ ( he>ts & ar\s+ ( m9ds4         
,already y h a manual tra9+ high s*ool &
 ?r\gh ! grades  c]ta9 "w 9 c>p5try &   
sew+ & cook+4 ,! increas+  effici5cy (  
all su* "w %\ld be welcom$ & actively   
aid$ by  e educat$ tea*]4 ,aft] a :ile1 
let u hope1 ! s*ools "h  w (f] f "o end 
to ! o!r1 su* tea*+ ( ! indu/rial  arts 
z w prep>e /ud5ts wor?ily to ma9ta9     
!mselves "u  sev]e economic /ress4 ,d y 
realize t1 despite ! enl>gem5t  (       

educational opportunities 9 ,wa%+ton & !
 gr[? ( ! ,negro  population1 !re are   
probably "h to-day few] ,negro artisans 
?an  !re 7 9 #ahgj8 ,"h is a pr(\nd ne$1
 & = ! s*ools a r>e  opportunity4       
,moreov]1 ! s*ool life ( mo/ *ildr5 is  
%ort1 n  ov] five or six ye>s4 ,if !    
s*ool possess$ adequate facilities =    
giv+ indu/rial capacity1 m p>5ts w\ld be
 will+ & able to  let _! *ildr5 rema9 9 
s*ool sev5 & eight & n9e ye>s4 ,!       
s*ools & ! cultivat$ portion ( ?is      
community _c af=d to  give ^? :o ask =  
bread a /one4 ,we mu/ s5d ! :ole boy to 
s*ool & n m]ely 8 head6    ,n = a mom5t 
d ,i decry t important function ( !     
s*ools1  :i* ,i h call$ ! developm5t (  
wants4 ,human wants are social  =ces4   
,corn & cotton are gr[n to supply c]ta9 
bodily wants2  ! f9e arts are cultivat$ 
9 response to c]ta9 /hetic wants2       
philosophy & pure sci5ce are elaborat$  
at ! quiet insi/5ce (  c]ta9            
intellectual wants2 religion is prea*$  
to assuage c]ta9  spiritual wants4 ,e   

volunt>y act is ! h&-maid ( "s want4    
,n[1 x is ! fundam5tal bus9ess ( !      
s*ools to enl>ge ! range  ( ! /ud5ts'   
int]e/s & wants1 to /ir up a div9e      
discont5t4  ,! sadde/ ?+ ab\t ! ,negro  
peasant 9 8 w9d[less cab9 9  ,georgia1 !
 sadde/ ?+ ab\t ! ,negroes 9 ! fil?y    
%anties (  ,mobile1 ,new ,york1 &       
,wa%+ton1 is n s mu* pov]ty1 z slov5ly  
unconc]n4 ,:at all su* p ne$--be !y :ite
 or black1 r$ or  yell[--is ! developm5t
 ( wants--wants = bett] ?+s4 ,a man (   
mod]ately develop$ wants w ex]t himself 
to get a /eady job "u  heal?ful         
conditions1 to get a com=table h\se to  
live 9--?ree or  f\r sunny1 pleasantly  
furni%$ rooms &1 if possible a g>d5 =   
vegetables & fl[]s--yes1 he w ex]t      
himself to w9 a wife to  make t h\se a  
home4 ,su* wants 7& !y are1 y w note1 n 
impossibly spiritual7 e s*ool ought to  
t5d to develop4    ,9 %ort1 ! developm5t
 ( ! wants ( sob] m5 & ! giv+ (  ! skill
 to buy ! means ( satisfy+ ^? wants--^! 
two ?+s  are vital to ! "w ( ! s*ool4   

,let me be cle>ly und]/ood2 !  s*ool    
%\ld ( c\rse develop ! m spiritual      
wants1 wants = !  ?+s t give lit]ature &
 art & religion _! values4 ,^!          
spiritual ?+s are ! headwat]s ( ! fulle/
 & deepe/ &  highe/ enjoym5ts ( life4 ,b
 ^! matt]s h long be5 emphasiz$  9 !    
traditions ( s*ool-m52 moreov]1 :5 !    
fle% is weak1 !  _s is n v /rong4 ,my   
wi% j n[ is to emphasize ! ?+s  t lie at
 ! basis ( race ma9t5ance & progress4   
,! consid]ations br\ght =w>d exhibit !  
opportunities ( !  tea*] & ! high       
significance ( ! tea*]'s "w4    ,tea*+ &
 prea*+ are v mu* alike4 ,phillips      
,brooks said v  truly t prea*+ is ! br++
 ( tru? ?r\gh p]sonality4 ,"s  ( y w    
prep>e y\rselves to prea*2 all ( y w h  
to d  ) prea*]s4 ,!re is no lack (      
prea*]s b !re is mu* lack  ( good       
prea*]s4 ,! prea*] has ! entree to !    
firesides ( !  p4 ,! educat$ prea*]1 l !
 educat$ tea*]1 realizes !  pr(\nd      
effect t ! h\s+ ( ! work+ classes ex]ts 
^u !  morals & ! effici5cy & ! happ9ess 

( ! work+ classes1  ! pr(\nd effect t   
surr\nd+s ex]t ^u life & "*4  ,! prea*] 
w use "s ( ! influ5ce t issues f 8      
sup]rational functions to make ! homes (
 ! p hygi5ically  z well z morally      
clean1 to make ^? homes m attractive ?an
 !  resorts ( vice4    ,religion & !    
,*ur* h1 f a c]ta9 po9t ( view1 two ma9 
functions1--fir/ to make peace betwe5   
human society & assum$  spiritual be+s2 
&1 second1 to antagonize anti-social    
acts &  t5d5cies4 ,! fir/ function1     
religion p]=ms = a horde (  man-eat+    
savages z well z = ! congregation ( ,/4 
,paul's2 !  second function religion    
p]=ms1 *>act]i/ically 9 a civiliz$      
society1 by ally+ itself ) morality4 ,! 
surpris+ly l[ dea?  rate ( ,jews :]ev]  
f\nd is unque/ionably due 9 l>ge "p to  
?is  alliance ( religion & morality4 ,9 
our ,engli% ,bible we f9d3--    8,& ,god
 spake all ^! words1 say+1    8,hon\r ?y
 fa!r & ?y "m4444    8,?\ %alt n kill4  
8,?\ %alt n commit adult]y4    8,?\ %alt
 n /eal4    8,?\ %alt n be> false       

witness aga9/ ?y neighb\r4    8,?\gh    
%alt n covet ?y neighb\r's h\se1 ?\ %alt
 n covet ?y  neighb\r's wife1 444 nor   
any?+ t is ?y neighb\r's4    8,& all ! p
 saw ! ?und]+s1 & ! lightn+s1 & !  noise
 ( ! trumpet1 & ! m\nta9 smok+40444     
,n[1 ! practical usefulness ( ! prea*]  
lies l>gely 9 ! fact  t he supplies !   
sanctions = "r do+1--! ?und]+s &  !     
lightn+s & ! noise ( ! trumpet1 ! m\nta9
 smok+1  & 9 all b above all ,jehovah4  
,to %[ ! man 9 ! /reet or 9  ! cotton   
field t = him ly+ & /eal+ are bad       
because1 if  ev]ybody 7 a li> & a ?ief1 
society w\ld fall to pieces1--t  w\ld be
 v well1 b x w\ld h>dly make ! man hone/
 9 ^w  & de$4 ,if1 h[ev]1 y m>%al feel+s
 ( awe & rev]5ce 9  def5ce ( hone/y1 if 
y get ,god on y\r side1 y\r success is m
  assur$ & y may develop a 8s5sibility  
to pr9ciple :i* feels a  /a9 l a w\nd40 
,! prea*] =tifies ! common moralities ) 
^! religi\s sanctions & t is no easy    
bus9ess4 ,! prea*]  mu/ himself be      
righte\s1 res\rceful1 sympa!tic1 ) !    

gift (  ne>ness to m54 ,su* qualities   
education is peculi>ly fit to be/[  or  
to develop1 & h5ce an educat$ m9i/ry is 
sorely ne$$ by our  p f ,bo/on to ,new  
,orleans4    ,an educat$ m9i/ry w\ld    
realize t social settlem5ts1 gymnasiums1
  k9d]g>t5s1 day nurs]ies1 fri5dly      
visit+1 homes = defectives  & orphans & 
! ag$ may fitly & usefully be organiz$ &
  ma9ta9$ by ! *ur*4 ,by su* means !    
*ur* may t5d to  e/abli% a k+dom ( heav5
 on e>?4    ,among cultivat$ ,negroes   
!re is app>5t an un=tunate t5d5cy to    
look at prea*]s askance4 ,?is is due    
l>gely to reaction aga9/ bad  prea*]s1 &
 to failure to und]/& & appreciate !    
temporal  opportunities ( ! ,*ur*4 ,i   
argue = ! usefulness ( good  prea*]s & (
 ! 8in/itutional0 *ur*4 ,?\gh no memb] (
 ?is  graduat+ class %\ld become a      
prea*] or a prea*]'s wife1 e  memb] may 
wisely ally himself ) ! *ur* & use 8    
p]sonal  influ5ce to enl>ge & /r5g!n    
*ur* "w1 to make x def9ite  & human &   
nobly practical4    ,s mu* = ! "w 9 :i* 

p]sonal influ5ce is ! det]m9+  factor4  
,m$ic9e & bus9ess are types ( ! "w 9 :i*
 :at ,i  h rudely call$ direct+         
intellig5ce det]m9es4    ,9 ! pr(ession 
( m$ic9e1 ,i admit1 p]sonal influ5ce &  
direct+ intellig5ce subtly int]lace4 ,! 
,negro doctor's social  position makes  
him specially accessible to ,negroes 9  
cases ( ne$4 ,z  a fri5d ( ! family or (
 ! family's fri5ds1 ! doctor is n       
dread$ z a feel+less /rang] ) a t]rible 
knife4 ,moreov]1  ! ,negro doctor does n
 feel himself a man ( ali5 blood come to
  t5d an inf]ior4 ,social position &    
und]/&+ sympa?y1 !n1  r5d] ! ,negro     
doctor readily accessible & v useful4   
,moreov]1  ! ,negro's physical condition
 (f]s ! doctor l>ge opportunities  =    
noble s]vice4 ,9 a book ^u 8,e?nic      
,factors 9 ! ,population  ( ,bo/on10    
,doctor ,bu%ee says1 8,9 ,bo/on !       
mortality ( ! ,negro  is mu* l>g] ?an t 
( any o!r e?nic factor02 aga91 8,a high 
dea? rate1 in/ead ( a l[ bir?rate is    
caus+ ! ,negroes to  disappe>02 & !     

/ati/ics are n mu* m enc\rag+ 9 _m  o!r 
urban communities ,nor? & ,s\?4 ,t      
relatively l[ economic  position is a   
p[]ful factor 9 produc+ ?is al>m+ dea?  
rate1 ,i  h already sugge/$2 ano!r      
capital factor is pitiable ignorance  ( 
! rudim5ts ( p]sonal hygi5e & (         
sanitation4 ,negro doctors  may )\t mu* 
tr\ble diffuse ?r\gh\t a community ^!   
rudim5ts  ( k & 9 s do+ w prove !mselves
 public s]vants4  ,nor? & ,s\? !        
conspicu\s f9ancial success & sub/antial
  social s]vice ( hundr$s ( ,negro      
doctors eloqu5tly e/abli% !  correctness
 ( ?is view2 & ( practis+ physicians1 ! 
,negro  p to-day h unmi/akably too few4 
,:at ( ! ,negro bus9ess man8 ,9 ,wa%+ton
 public employm5t &  ! pr(essions h     
captur$ mo/ ( ! en]getic & al]t         
,negroes1  to ! injury ( bus9ess        
developm5t4 ,spr+field1 ,massa*usetts2  
,ri*mond1 ,virg9ia2 ,dayton1 ,ohio1--n  
"o ( ^! important cities  has a total   
population z l>ge z ! ,negro population 
( ! ,di/rict  ( ,columbia4 ,z buy]s (   

goods1 eighty-sev5 ?\s& p are           
important2 b z sell]s ( goods1 !        
eighty-sev5 ?\s& ,negroes  9 ,wa%+ton   
are by no means important4 ,= example1 (
 ! total  pr(its on ! dry goods b\ght 9 
a ye> by ! ,negro population (          
,wa%+ton1--pr(its am\nt+ to ?\s&s &     
?\s&s ( doll>s1  = ! ratio ( exp5diture 
to income is exceptionally l>ge1--:at   
p] c5t4 goes to ,negro m]*ants8 ,%all ,i
 say five p] c5t41 "o  p] c5t41 or "o   
?\s&? ( "o p] c5t48 ,ma!matical         
precision  is1 ( c\rse1 n possible b y &
 ,i "k t practically none  ( ^! pr(its g
 to ,negro m]*ants4 ,& y & ,i c\ld "n a 
doz5 :ite m]*ants :o h be5 enri*$ by ^? 
pr(its4 ,&  9 consid]ation ( ?is fact h[
 _m ,negro cl]ks h ! :ite  m]*ants plac$
 9 _! /ores8 h[ _m ,negro floor walk]s8 
h[  _m ,negro buy]s8 ,&1 my fri5ds1 h[  
_m ?\s&s ( ye>s mu/  elapse be=e !      
,wa%+ton ,negro w add to 8 culture en\gh
  co-op]ative endeavor & competitive p[]
 to *ange all ?is8 ,i  myself h nev] yet
 be5 conv9c$ t ! ,anglo-,saxon & !  ,jew

 really ne$ ! black man's *>ity4 ,?\gh  
,i _c po9t out1  !n1 to ! memb]s ( ?is  
graduat+ class op5+s 9 e/abli%$  bus9ess
 h\ses1 ,i c po9t out t _! success 9    
bus9ess w  provide opportunities = "s   
lat] class1 & w help to make !  sp5d+ ( 
,negroes enri* ,negroes4 ,let me sugge/ 
two o!r ways 9  :i* ! ,negro bus9ess m5 
may be ( great s]vice to ! _m4 ,9  !    
fir/ place1 ! r5ts *>g$ ,negroes 9      
cities1 = example1  ,wa%+ton1 are       
consid]ably high] = ! same              
accommodations ?an  ! r5ts *>g$ :ite p4 
,by (f]+ good h\ses at reasonable  r5ts 
to ! ,negro work+ class1 ! ,negro       
bus9ess man w f9d a  pay+ inve/m5t & a  
means ( mu* s]vice4 ,9 ! second place1  
hotels1 re/aurants1 & !atres ev5 9 !    
capital ( ! nation are  op5 to black m5 
& wom5 only on degrad+ t]ms1 or n op5 at
  all4 ,! clos+ ( su* accommodations is 
really ! op5+ = black  bus9ess m5 ( !   
doors ( opportunity4    ,9 discuss+ ways
 ( direct s]vice ,i h !n m5tion$ tea*+ &
  prea*+ z types ( ! "w 9 :i* ! decisive

 factor is p]sonal  influ5ce4 ,m$ic9e & 
bus9ess ,i h m5tion$ z types ( ! "w  9  
:i* ! decisive factor is direct+        
intellig5ce4    ,& n[ ,i wi% to discuss 
two ways 9 :i* educat$ ,negroes may be  
( indirect s]vice1--fir/1 by (f]+ _!    
fell[s copies =  imitation1 &1 second1  
by e/abli%+ ! dignity ( ! race4  ,9     
#ahha1 h>dly a :ite man or a black man 9
 ! c\ntry dream$  t 9 tw5ty-two ye>s a  
,negro w\ld h a*iev$ ! build+  ( a      
beautiful city 9 a ,s\!rn wild]ness1    
w\ld h organiz$  effici5tly ! bus9ess ( 
t indu/rial community ( "s #agjj  p1    
w\ld h won ! abid+ confid5ce ( :ite m5 &
 black  m5 ,nor? & ,s\?1 w\ld h br\ght !
 :ite ,nor? & ! :ite  ,s\? into         
intellig5t co-op]ation 9 ! uplift+ (    
black m51  w\ld h work$ out a solution =
 ! c5tral problem 9 ,am]ican  education1
 w\ld h be5 ackn[l$g$ ma/] ( arts by !  
olde/  univ]sity 9 ! l&1 w\ld h writt5  
"o ( ! impressive books  ( ! c5tury1    
w\ld h be5 ask$ by ! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t =
  help 9 ! recon/ruction ( ,s\? ,africa1

 w\ld h be5 call$ by  ! sane/ ( ,briti% 
critics ( affairs ! mo/ notable figure 9
  ! ,am]ican ,republic6 ,& yet1 ?is     
miracle y & ,i see to-day )  our own    
eyes4 ,! example ( ?is man is be+       
imitat$ 9 a hundr$  educational &       
indu/rial communities 9 ! ,s\!rn ,/ates4
 ,& all  m5 feel m respect = ! ,negro   
race because out ( its lo9s has  come   
,book] ,t4 ,wa%+ton4    ,a con/ructive  
/atesman l ,wa%+ton1 educators l ,lewis 
,moore  & ,lucy ,mot5 & y\r own ,anna   
,coop]1 !ologians l ,b[5 &  ,grimke1    
s*ol>s l ,blyd5 & ,sc>bor\gh & ,du,bois 
& ,kelly  ,mill]1 inv5tors l ,woods &   
,mc,coy1 a noveli/ l ,*esnutt1 a  poet l
 ,dunb>1 a musician l ,col]idge-,taylor1
 a pa9t] l  ,tann]--yes1 &1 ( ^? :o are 
gone1 ,bannek] :o se>*$ !  heav5s2      
,t\ssa9t1 soldi] & /atesman2 ,aldridge1 
! trag$ian )  8 fir/ m$al 9 arts &      
sci5ces f ! ,k+ ( ,prussia2 ,pu%k91  !  
poet ( ! ,russias2 ,dumas1 fa!r & son2 !
 sa9tly ,crummel2  & ,d\glass ! argum5t 
= fre$om1--,i say1 ! indirect s]vice (  

su* p is incalculable4    ,n[1 = y & me 
no su* c>e]s are probable & yet e       
educat$  ,negro :o is wor? 8 salt1 is 9 
simil> fa%ion a copy = imitation  &     
s]ves to secure respect = 8 race4 ,!    
,negro contractor &  build]2 ! ,negro :o
 owns a well manag$ truck f>m2 ! ,negro 
s*ool  tea*]1 :o has sav$ money en\gh to
 buy municipal bonds or %>es 9  a       
railway1--t p]son becomes 9 a money     
gett+ "t a def9ite &  concrete argum5t  
to :ite m5 & to black m5 t black m5 c be
  m ?an hew]s ( wood & draw]s ( wat]1   
?an cooks & coa*m54  ,fundam5tally1 y & 
,i by our ?\ghtfulness1 our practical   
int]e/  9 ! happ9ess ( o!rs1 our        
elevation above petty prejudice1 our    
simplicity1 our decisive prud5ce1 our   
endur+ en]gy1 our devotion1  may        
indirectly c\nt = good 9 a ?\s& ways 9 !
 life & "w  ( our communities4    ,&1   
n[1 my fri5ds1 y ent] ! circle ( educat$
 m5 & wom54  ,y\r p]sonal influ5ce w be 
felt 9 s*ool room & 9 pulpit4 ,y\r      
direct+ intellig5ce w c\nt 9 law1 &     

m$ic9e1 & bus9ess2  z able & devot$ m5 &
 wom51 y by y\r examples w /eady  !     
n]ves ( a /agg]+ p & make ! ^w ,negro m 
?an a  reproa*4 ,delicate indecision1   
hesitant virtue1 c>p+ discont5t1        
bric-a-brac culture--^! ill become      
/alw>t m5 & robu/ wom54  ,by all !      
honorable traditions ( ! noble family   
into :i* y are  n[ adopt$1 y are pl$g$ n
 to pick y\r way da9tily 9 ! s(t  places
 ( ! e>?2 y are pl$g$ to make y\r lives 
real1 useful1  con/ructive4             
,rememb]--noblesse oblige6              
,,transcrib]',s ,,notes3        ,spac$  
out text is surr\nd$ by und]scores3     
gesp]rt4      ,obvi\s typographical     
errors h be5 correct$4