,,pat5ts ,,& ,,h[ ,,to ,,get ,,"o ,a ,,practical ,,h&book ,u4,s4 ,dep>tm5t ( ,comm]ce ,,dov] ,,publications1 ,,inc4 ,m9eola1 ,new ,york ,bibliographical ,note ,?is ,dov] edition1 fir/ publi%$ 9 #bjjj1 is an unabridg$ & unalt]$ republication ( ! "w orig9ally publi%$ by ! ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,(fice1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4,c41 9 #aiig "u ! title ,g5]al ,in=mation ,conc]n+ ,pat5ts4 ,int]national ,/&>d ,book ,numb]3 #j-dhf-daadd-c ,manufactur$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica ,dov] ,publications1 ,inc41 #ca ,ea/ #bnd ,/reet1 ,m9eola1 ,n4,y4 #aaeja ,cont5ts ,functions ( ! ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,(fice #e ,purpose ( ?is booklet #f ,:at is a pat5t8 #g ,pat5t laws #i ,:at c be pat5t$ #aj ,novelty & o!r conditions = obta9+ a pat5t #ab ,! ,unit$ ,/ates ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,(fice #ac ,publications ( ! ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,(fice #ae ,g5]al in=mation & correspond5ce #ai ,libr>y1 se>* room s]vices & ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,depository ,libr>ies #ba ,attorneys & ag5ts #bh ,disclosure ,docum5t #ca ,:o may apply = a pat5t #cc ,application = pat5t #cd ,oa? or decl>ation1 signature #cg ,fil+ ,fees #ch ,specification 7description & claims7 #dj ,draw+ #dc ,models1 exhibits1 specim5s #ed ,exam9ation ( applications & proce$+s 9 ! ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,(fice #ee ,am5dm5ts to application #eh ,"t = response & ab&onm5t #fa ,appeal to ! ,bo>d ( ,pat5t ,appeals & ,int]f]5ces & to ! c\rts #fb ,int]f]5ces #fc ,all[ance & issue ( pat5t #fe ,nature ( pat5t & pat5t rights #ff ,ma9t5ance ,fees #fh ,correction ( pat5ts #fi ,assignm5ts & lic5ses #gj ,infr+em5t ( pat5ts #gc ,pat5t m>k+ & 8pat5t p5d+0 #gd ,design pat5ts #ge ,plant pat5ts #gf ,treaties & =eign pat5ts #gi ,=eign applicants = ,unit$ ,/ates pat5ts #hb ,answ]s to que/ions frequ5tly ask$ #hd ,functions ( ! ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,(fice ,! ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,(fice 7,,pto7 is an ag5cy ( ! ,u4,s4 ,dep>tm5t ( ,comm]ce4 ,! role ( ! ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,(fice is to grant pat5ts = ! protection ( inv5tions & to regi/] tradem>ks4 ,x s]ves ! int]e/ ( inv5tors & bus9esses ) respect to _! inv5tions & corporate products1 & s]vice id5tifications4 ,x also advises & assi/s ! bureaus & (fices ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,comm]ce & o!r ag5cies ( ! ,gov]nm5t 9 matt]s involv+ 8intellectual prop]ty0 su* z pat5ts1 tradem>ks & semiconductor mask works4 ,?r\gh ! pres]vation1 classification1 & dissem9ation ( pat5t in=mation1 ! ,(fice aids & enc\rages innovation & ! sci5tific & te*nical advancem5t ( ! nation4 ,9 dis*>g+ its pat5t relat$ duties1 ! ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,(fice exam9es applications & grants pat5ts on inv5tions :5 applicants are entitl$ to !m2 x publi%es & dissem9ates pat5t in=mation1 records assignm5ts ( pat5ts1 ma9ta9s se>* files ( ,u4,s4 & =eign pat5ts1 & ma9ta9s a se>* room = public use 9 exam9+ issu$ pat5ts & records4 ,x supplies copies ( pat5ts & (ficial records to ! public4 ,simil> functions are p]=m$ relat+ to tradem>ks4 ,purpose ( ?is ,booklet ,! purpose ( ?is booklet is to give us]s "s g5]al in=mation ab\t pat5ts & ! op]ations ( ! ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,(fice4 ,x attempts to answ] _m ( ! que/ions commonly ask$ ( ! ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,(fice b is n int5d$ to be a compreh5sive textbook on pat5t law or a guide = ! pat5t attorney4 ,x is hop$ t ?is in=mation w be useful to inv5tors & prospective applicants = pat5ts1 to /ud5ts1 & to o!rs :o may be int]e/$ 9 pat5ts by giv+ !m a brief g5]al introduction to ! subject4 ,additional in=mation may be obta9$ f ! publications li/$ "u ! sections 8,publications ( ! ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,(fice0 & 8,g5]al in=mation & correspond5ce40 ,also1 in=mation is available on ! ,u4,s4 ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,(fice's ,web site at3 http3_/_/www4uspto4gov4 ,! ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,(fice does n publi% any textbooks on pat5t law1 b a numb] ( su* works = ! speciali/ & = ! g5]al read] h be5 publi%$ by private conc]ns4 ,:at ,is a ,pat5t8 ,a pat5t = an inv5tion is a grant ( a prop]ty "r by ! ,gov]nm5t to ! inv5tor 7or 8 or h] heirs or assigns71 act+ ?r\gh ! ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,(fice4 ,! t]m ( ! pat5t %all be #bj ye>s f ! date on :i* ! application = ! pat5t 0 fil$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates or1 if ! application conta9s a specific ref]5ce to an e>li] fil$ application "u #ce ,u4,s4,c4 #abj1 #aba or #cfe7;c71 f ! date ! e>lie/ su* application 0 fil$1 subject to ! paym5t ( ma9t5ance fees4 ,! "r conf]r$ by ! pat5t grant ext5ds only ?r\gh\t ! ,unit$ ,/ates & its t]ritories & possessions4 ,! "r conf]r$ by ! pat5t grant is1 9 ! language ( ! /atute & ( ! grant itself1 8! "r to exclude o!rs f mak+1 us+1 (f]+ = sale1 or sell+0 ! inv5tion 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates or 8import+0 ! inv5tion into ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,:at is grant$ is n ! "r to make1 use1 (f] = sale1 sell or import1 b ! "r to exclude o!rs f mak+1 us+1 (f]+ = sale1 sell+ or import+ ! inv5tion4 ,mo/ ( ! /atem5ts 9 ! prec$+ p>agraphs w be expla9$ 9 great] detail 9 lat] sections4 ,"s p]sons occasionally confuse pat5ts1 copyrights1 & tradem>ks4 ,al?\gh !re may be "s resemblance 9 ! rights ( ^! ?ree k9ds ( intellectual prop]ty1 !y are diff]5t & s]ve diff]5t purposes4 ,copyrights ,a copyright protects ! writ+s ( an au?or aga9/ copy+4 ,lit]>y1 dramatic1 musical & arti/ic works are includ$ )9 ! protection ( ! copyright law1 :i* 9 "s in/ances also conf]s p]=m+ & record+ rights4 ,! copyright protects ! =m ( expression r ?an to ! subject matt] ( ! writ+4 ,a description ( a ma*9e c\ld be copyright$ z a writ+1 b ?is w\ld only prev5t o!rs f copy+ ! description2 x w\ld n prev5t o!rs f writ+ a description ( _! own or f mak+ & us+ ! ma*9e4 ,copyrights are regi/]$ 9 ! ,copyright ,(fice 9 ! ,libr>y ( ,congress4 ,in=mation conc]n+ copyrights may be obta9$ f ! ,regi/] ( ,copyrights1 ,libr>y ( ,congress1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4,c4 #bjeei4 7,telephone #bjb-gjg-cjjj7 ,tradem>ks_/,s]vicem>ks ,a tradem>k or s]vicem>k relates to any ^w1 "n1 symbol or device :i* is us$ 9 trade ) goods or s]vices to indicate ! s\rce or orig9 ( ! goods or s]vices & to di/+ui% !m f ! goods or s]vices ( o!rs4 ,tradem>k rights may be us$ to prev5t o!rs f us+ a confus+ly simil> m>k b n to prev5t o!rs f mak+ ! same goods or f sell+ !m "u a non-confus+ m>k4 ,simil> rights may be acquir$ 9 m>ks us$ 9 ! sale or adv]tis+ ( s]vices 7s]vice m>ks74 ,tradem>ks & s]vice m>ks :i* are us$ 9 int]/ate or =eign comm]ce may be regi/]$ 9 ! ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,(fice4 ,! proc$ure relat+ to ! regi/ration ( tradem>ks & "s g5]al in=mation conc]n+ tradem>ks is giv5 9 a sep>ate pamphlet entitl$ 8,basic ,facts ,ab\t ,tradem>ks40 ,pat5t ,laws ,! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates gives ,congress ! p[] to enact laws relat+ to pat5ts1 9 ,article ,i1 section #h1 :i* reads 8,congress %all h p[] 444 to promote ! progress ( sci5ce & useful arts1 by secur+ = limit$ times to au?ors & inv5tors ! exclusive "r to _! respective writ+s & discov]ies40 ,"u ?is p[] ,congress has f "t to "t enact$ v>i\s laws relat+ to pat5ts4 ,! fir/ pat5t law 0 enact$ 9 #agij4 ,! law n[ 9 effect is a g5]al revision :i* 0 enact$ ,july #ai1 #aieb1 & :i* came into effect ,janu>y #a1 #aiec4 ,x is codifi$ 9 ,title #ce1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code4 ,! pat5t law specifies ! subject matt] = :i* a pat5t may be obta9$ & ! conditions = pat5tability4 ,! law e/abli%es ! ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,(fice to adm9i/] ! law relat+ to ! grant+ ( pat5ts1 & conta9s v>i\s o!r provisions relat+ to pat5ts4 ,:at ,c ,be ,pat5t$ ,! pat5t law specifies ! g5]al field ( subject matt] t c be pat5t$ & ! conditions "u :i* a pat5t may be obta9$4 ,9 ! language ( ! /atute1 any p]son :o 8inv5ts or discov]s any new & useful process1 ma*9e1 manufacture1 or composition ( matt]1 or any new & useful improvem5t !re(1 may obta9 a pat5t10 subject to ! conditions & requirem5ts ( ! law4 ,! ^w 8process0 is def9$ by law z a process1 act or me?od1 & prim>ily includes indu/rial or te*nical processes4 ,! t]m 8ma*9e0 us$ 9 ! /atute ne$s no explanation4 ,! t]m 8manufacture0 ref]s to articles :i* are made1 & includes all manufactur$ articles4 ,! t]m 8composition ( matt]0 relates to *emical compositions & may include mixtures ( +r$i5ts z well z new *emical comp\nds4 ,^! classes ( subject matt] tak5 toge!r include practically ev]y?+ :i* is made by man & ! processes = mak+ ! products4 ,! ,atomic ,en]gy ,act ( #aied excludes ! pat5t+ ( inv5tions useful solely 9 ! utilization ( special nucle> mat]ial or atomic en]gy = atomic weapons4 ,! pat5t law specifies t ! subject matt] mu/ be 8useful40 ,! t]m 8useful0 9 ?is connection ref]s to ! condition t ! subject matt] has a useful purpose & also includes op]ativ5ess1 t is1 a ma*9e :i* w n op]ate to p]=m ! int5d$ purpose w\ld n be call$ useful1 & !re=e w\ld n be grant$ a pat5t4 ,int]pretations ( ! /atute by ! c\rts h def9$ ! limits ( ! field ( subject matt] :i* c be pat5t$1 ?us x has be5 held t ! laws ( nature1 physical ph5om5a & ab/ract ideas are n pat5table subject matt]4 ,a pat5t _c be obta9$ ^u a m]e idea or sugge/ion4 ,! pat5t is grant$ ^u ! new ma*9e1 manufacture1 etc41 z has be5 said1 & n ^u ! idea or sugge/ion ( ! new ma*9e4 ,a complete description ( ! actual ma*9e or o!r subject matt] = :i* a pat5t is s\ght is requir$4 ,novelty & ,o!r ,conditions = ,obta9+ a ,pat5t ,9 ord] = an inv5tion to be pat5table x mu/ be new z def9$ 9 ! pat5t law1 :i* provides t an inv5tion _c be pat5t$ if3 87a7 ! inv5tion 0 kn[n or us$ by o!rs 9 ?is c\ntry1 or pat5t$ or describ$ 9 a pr9t$ publication 9 ?is or a =eign c\ntry1 be=e ! inv5tion !re( by ! applicant = pat5t10 or 87b7 ! inv5tion 0 pat5t$ or describ$ 9 a pr9t$ publication 9 ?is or a =eign c\ntry or 9 public use or on sale 9 ?is c\ntry m ?an "o ye> prior to ! application = pat5t 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates 4440 ,if ! inv5tion has be5 describ$ 9 a pr9t$ publication any:]e 9 ! _w1 or if x has be5 9 public use or on sale 9 ?is c\ntry be=e ! date t ! applicant made 8_/h] inv5tion1 a pat5t _c be obta9$4 ,if ! inv5tion has be5 describ$ 9 a pr9t$ publication any:]e1 or has be5 9 public use or on sale 9 ?is c\ntry m ?an "o ye> be=e ! date on :i* an application = pat5t is fil$ 9 ?is c\ntry1 a pat5t _c be obta9$4 ,9 ?is connection x is immat]ial :5 ! inv5tion 0 made1 or :e!r ! pr9t$ publication or public use 0 by ! inv5tor himself_/h]self or by someone else4 ,if ! inv5tor describes ! inv5tion 9 a pr9t$ publication or uses ! inv5tion publicly1 or places x on sale1 he_/%e mu/ apply = a pat5t be=e "o ye> has gone by1 o!rwise any "r to a pat5t w be lo/4 ,ev5 if ! subject matt] s\ght to be pat5t$ is n exactly %[n by ! prior art1 & involves "o or m diff]5ces ov] ! mo/ ne>ly simil> ?+ already kn[n1 a pat5t may /ill be refus$ if ! diff]5ces w\ld be obvi\s4 ,! subject matt] s\ght to be pat5t$ mu/ be suffici5tly diff]5t f :at has be5 us$ or describ$ be=e t x may be said to be nonobvi\s to a p]son hav+ ord9>y skill 9 ! area ( te*nology relat$ to ! inv5tion4 ,= example1 ! sub/itution ( "o mat]ial = ano!r1 or *anges 9 size1 are ord9>ily n pat5table4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,(fice ,congress e/abli%$ ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,(fice to issue pat5ts on behalf ( ! ,gov]nm5t4 ,! ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,(fice z a di/9ct bureau may be said to date f ! ye> #ahjb :5 a sep>ate (ficial 9 ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,/ate :o became kn[n z 8,sup]9t5d5t ( ,pat5ts0 0 plac$ 9 *>ge ( pat5ts4 ,! revision ( ! pat5t laws enact$ 9 #ahcf reorganiz$ ! ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,(fice & designat$ ! (ficial 9 *>ge z ,commission] ( ,pat5ts & ,tradem>ks4 ,! ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,(fice rema9$ 9 ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,/ate until #ahdi :5 x 0 transf]r$ to ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,int]ior4 ,9 #aibe x 0 transf]r$ to ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,comm]ce :]e x is today4 ,! ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,(fice adm9i/]s ! pat5t laws z !y relate to ! grant+ ( pat5ts = inv5tions1 & p]=ms o!r duties relat+ to pat5ts4 ,x exam9es applications = pat5ts to det]m9e if ! applicants are entitl$ to pat5ts "u ! law & grants ! pat5ts :5 !y are s entitl$2 x publi%es issu$ pat5ts & v>i\s publications conc]n+ pat5ts1 records assignm5ts ( pat5ts1 ma9ta9s a se>* room = ! use ( ! public to exam9e issu$ pat5ts & records1 supplies copies ( records & o!r pap]s1 & ! l4 ,simil> functions are p]=m$ ) respect to ! regi/ration ( tradem>ks4 ,! ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,(fice has no jurisdiction ov] que/ions ( infr+em5t & ! en=cem5t ( pat5ts1 nor ov] matt]s relat+ to ! promotion or utilization ( pat5ts or inv5tions4 ,! head ( ! ,(fice is ! ,assi/ant ,secret>y ( ,comm]ce & ,commission] ( ,pat5ts & ,tradem>ks1 & 8 /aff includes ! ,deputy ,assi/ant ,secret>y ( ,comm]ce & ,deputy ,commission] ( ,pat5ts & ,tradem>ks1 sev]al assi/ant commission]s1 & o!r (ficials4 ,z head ( ! ,(fice1 ! ,commission] sup]9t5ds or p]=ms all duties respect+ ! grant+ & issu+ ( pat5ts & ! regi/ration ( tradem>ks2 ex]cises g5]al sup]vision ov] ! entire "w ( ! ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,(fice2 prescribes ! rules1 subject to ! approval ( ! ,secret>y ( ,comm]ce1 = ! conduct ( proce$+s 9 ! ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,(fice1 & = recognition ( attorneys & ag5ts2 decides v>i\s que/ions br\ght be=e him by petition z prescrib$ by ! rules2 & p]=ms o!r duties necess>y & requir$ = ! adm9i/ration ( ! ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,(fice4 ,! "w ( exam9+ applications = pat5ts is divid$ among a numb] ( exam9+ gr\ps1 ea* gr\p hav+ jurisdiction ov] c]ta9 assign$ fields ( te*nology4 ,ea* gr\p is head$ by a gr\p director & /aff$ by exam9]s4 ,! exam9]s review applications = pat5ts & det]m9e :e!r pat5ts c be grant$4 ,an appeal c be tak5 to ! ,bo>d ( ,pat5t ,appeals & ,int]f]5ces f _! decisions refus+ to grant a pat5t1 & a review by ! ,commission] ( ,pat5ts & ,tradem>ks may be _h on o!r matt]s by petition4 ,! exam9]s also id5tify applications t claim ! same inv5tion & initiate proce$+s1 kn[n z int]f]5ces1 to det]m9e :o 0 ! fir/ inv5tor4 ,9 addition to ! exam9+ gr\ps1 o!r (fices p]=m v>i\s s]vices1 su* z receiv+ & di/ribut+ mail1 receiv+ new applications1 h&l+ sales ( pr9t$ copies ( pat5ts1 mak+ copies ( records1 inspect+ draw+s1 & record+ assignm5ts4 ,at pres5t1 ! ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,(fice has ab\t #e1gjj employees1 ( :om ab\t half are exam9]s & o!rs ) te*nical & legal tra9+4 ,pat5t applications are receiv$ at ! rate ( ov] #bjj1jjj p] ye>4 ,! ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,(fice receives ov] five million pieces ( mail ea* ye>4 ,publications ( ! ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,(fice ,u4,s4 ,pat5ts4--,! specification & accompany+ draw+s ( all pat5ts are publi%$ on ! day !y are grant$ & pr9t$ copies are sold to ! public by ! ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,(fice4 ,ov] #f1jjj1jjj pat5ts h be5 issu$4 ,pr9t$ copies ( any pat5t1 id5tifi$ by its pat5t numb]1 may be pur*as$ f ! ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,(fice4 ,curr5t fee s*$ule is available by call+ ! ,,pto ,g5]al ,in=mation ,s]vices at #a-hjj-ghf-iaii or #gjc-cjh-dceg or by access+ ,,pto's ,web site at http3_/_/www4uspto4gov4 ,future pat5ts classifi$ 9 subclasses conta9+ subject matt] ( int]e/ may be obta9$1 z !y issue1 by prepaym5t ( a deposit & a s]vice *>ge4 ,= ! co/ ( su* subscription s]vice1 a sep>ate inquiry %\ld be s5t to ! ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,(fice4 ,(ficial ,gazette ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,(fice4--,! ,(ficial ,gazette ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,(fice is ! (ficial j\rnal relat+ to pat5ts & tradem>ks4 ,x has be5 publi%$ weekly s9ce ,janu>y #ahgb 7replac+ ! old 8,pat5t ,(fice ,reports071 & is n[ issu$ ea* ,tuesday 9 two p>ts1 "o describ+ pat5ts & ! o!r tradem>ks4 ,x conta9s a claim & a select$ figure ( ! draw+s ( ea* pat5t grant$ on t day2 notices ( pat5t & tradem>k lawsuits2 indexes ( pat5ts & pat5tees2 li/ ( pat5ts available = lic5se or sale2 a li/ ( ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,depository ,libr>ies 7,p,t,d,ls72 & mu* g5]al in=mation su* z ord]s1 notices1 *anges 9 rules1 *anges 9 classification1 etc4 ,! ,(ficial ,gazette is sold on subscription & by s+le copies by ! ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,docum5ts1 ,u4,s4 ,gov]nm5t ,pr9t+ ,(fice1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4,c4 #bjdjb4 ,! illu/rations & claims ( ! pat5ts are arrang$ 9 ! ,(ficial ,gazette accord+ to ! ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,(fice classification ( subject matt]1 p]mitt+ ready ref]5ce to pat5ts 9 any p>ticul> te*nology4 ,copies ( ! ,(ficial ,gazette are available 9 ! ,p,t,d,ls & public libr>ies ( o!r cities4 ,index ( ,pat5ts4--,a two-"p publication :i* summ>izes = a giv5 cal5d> ye> ! classification & inv5tor_/assignee in=mation at ! "t ( issue = utility1 ,design1 ,reissue1 & ,plant ,pat5ts2 ,reexam9ation ,c]tificates1 & ,/atutory ,inv5tion ,regi/rations publi%$ weekly 9 ! ,(ficial ,gazette4 ,"p ,i1 ,li/ ( ,pat5tees comprises an alphabetical li/+ ( e pat5tee & assignee record$ at ! "t ! pat5t docum5t 0 issu$4 ,"p ,,ii1 ,index to ,subjects ( ,inv5tions comprises a li/+ ( all pat5ts = ! ye> accord+ to ,u4,s4 ,pat5t ,classification class & subclass designation at ! "t ! pat5t docum5t 0 issu$--x is n an index ( subjects1 p] se4 ,sold by ! ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,docum5ts4 ,index ( ,tradem>ks4--,an annual index ( regi/rants ( tradem>ks4 ,sold by ! ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,docum5ts4 ,index to ! ,u4,s4 ,pat5t ,classification ,sy/em4--,an alphabetical li/ ( approximately #fe1jjj common1 in=mal head+s or t]ms :i* ref] to specific classes & subclasses 9 ! ,manual ( ,classification us$ to categorize pat5ts4 ,x is int5d$ z a means = initial entry into ! ,classification ,sy/em & %\ld be especially useful = p]sons n famili> ) ! sy/em z well z ^? :o may n be famili> ) any p>ticul> te*nology "u /udy4 ,sold by ! ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,docum5ts4 ,manual ( ,classification4--,a loose-leaf manual conta9+ a li/ ( all ! classes & subclasses ( inv5tions 9 ! ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,(fice classification sy/ems1 a subject matt] index1 & o!r in=mation relat+ to ,u4,s4 pat5t classification sy/em4 ,ea* subclass has a %ort1 descriptive title (t5 arrang$ 9 a specific hi]>*ical ord] designat$ by dots = ind5tation levels4 ,sub/itute pages are issu$ f "t to "t4 ,annual subscription includes ! basic manual & sub/itute pages4 ,sold by ! ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,docum5ts4 ,classification ,def9itions4--,gives a detail$ def9ition = ea* class & (ficial subclass includ$ 9 ! ,manual ( ,classification4 ,! def9itions indicate ! subject matt] to be f\nd 9 or exclud$ f a class or subclass2 !y limit or exp& 9 precise mann] ! mean+ int5d$ = ea* subclass title2 !y s]ve z a guide to us]s ( ! ,manual ( ,classification to ref] to ! same subclass = pat5ts on a p>ticul> te*nology by elim9at+1 z mu* z possible1 subjective & v>y+ int]pretations ( ! mean+s ( subclass titles4 ,! 8notes0 illu/rate ! k9ds ( in=mation t c be f\nd 9 a subclass & direct ! se>*] to o!r relat$ subclasses :i* may conta9 relevant in=mation4 ,subscription s]vice consi/s ( a basic full set ( def9itions & semiannual sets ( updat$ def9itions = an indet]m9ate p]iod4 ,sold by ! ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,docum5ts4 ,title #cg ,code ( ,f$]al ,regulations4--,includes rules ( practice = ,pat5ts1 ,tradem>ks1 & ,copyrights4 ,available f ! ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,docum5ts4 ,basic ,facts ab\t ,tradem>ks4--,conta9s g5]al in=mation = ! layman ab\t applications =1 & regi/ration (1 tradem>ks & s]vice m>ks4 ,sold by ! ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,docum5ts4 ,attorneys & ,ag5ts ,regi/]$ to ,practice ,be=e ! ,u4,s4 ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,(fice4--,an alphabetical & geographical li/+ ( pat5t attorneys & ag5ts regi/]$ to practice be=e ! ,u4,s4 ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,(fice4 ,sold by ! ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,docum5ts4 ,manual ( ,pat5t ,exam9+ ,proc$ure 7,,mpep74--,a loose-leaf manual :i* s]ves prim>ily z a detail$ ref]5ce "w on pat5t exam9+ practice & proc$ure = ! ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,(fice's ,exam9+ ,corps4 ,subscription s]vice includes basic manual1 p]iodic revisions1 & *ange notices4 ,sold by ! ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,docum5ts4 7,! ,,mpep is also available 9 electronic =m f ! ,,pto's ,(fice ( ,electronic ,in=mation & z an ,int]net in=mation file47 ,guide = ! ,prep>ation ( ,pat5t ,draw+s4--,a collection ( ! mo/ p]t95t rules f ,title #cg ( ! ,code ( ,f$]al ,regulations p]ta9+ to pat5t draw+s ) int]pretations ( ^? rules & examples4 ,sold by ! ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,docum5ts4 ,,pto ,products & ,s]vices ,catalog1 ,in=mation ,dissem9ation ,organizations 7,,ido74--,?is comp5dium describes ! products & s]vices available f ! ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,(fice 7,,pto7 & provides ord]+ in=mation4 ,_m items are available free ( *>ge f ! ,in=mation ,dissem9ation ,organizations 7,i,d,os74 ,! catalog li/s products & s]vices available f ! ?ree ,,ido (fices responsible = public records2 electronic products_/s]vices2 g5]al in=mation2 ,,pto's public se>* facilities 9 ,arl+ton1 ,virg9ia2 & ! network ( #hj ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,depository ,libr>ies 7,p,t,d,ls7 9 #di /ates1 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 & ,pu]to ,rico4 ,includ$ is detail$ descriptions ( data available on magnetic tape1 diskette1 or ,,cd-,,rom4 ,a numb] ( products c be ord]$ 9 pap] =m1 includ+ ,,pto =ms & pat5t or tradem>k copies1 z well z ,te*nology ,assessm5t & ,=eca/ 7,,taf7 /ati/ical reports & rese>* publications4 ,available f ! ,,pto ,g5]al ,in=mation ,s]vices at #a-hjj-ghf-iaii or #gjc-cjh-dceg4 ,_m publications li/$ above1 z well z o!r ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,(fice products & s]vices are available electronically f ,,ido or on ! ,,pto's ,web site4 ,call ,g5]al ,in=mation ,s]vices = m in=mation at #hjj-ghf-iaii or #gjc-cjh-dceg4 ,g5]al ,in=mation & ,correspond5ce ,all bus9ess ) ! ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,(fice %\ld be transact$ 9 writ+ & all correspond5ce relat+ to pat5t matt]s %\ld be address$ to 8,,assi/ant ,,commission] ,,= ,,pat5ts1 ,,wa%+ton1 ,d4,c4 #bjbca40 ,correspond5ts %\ld be sure to include _! full return addresses1 includ+ zip codes4 ,! pr9cipal location ( ! ,,pto is ,cry/al ,plaza #c1 #bjba ,jeff]son ,davis ,highway1 ,arl+ton1 ,virg9ia4 ,! p]sonal pres5ce ( applicants at ! ,,pto is unnecess>y4 ,applicants & attorneys are requir$ to conduct _! bus9ess ) decorum & c\rtesy4 ,pap]s pres5t$ 9 violation ( ?is requirem5t w be return$4 ,sep>ate lett]s 7b n necess>ily 9 sep>ate envelopes7 %\ld be writt5 = ea* di/9ct subject ( inquiry1 su* z assignm5ts1 paym5ts1 ord]s = pr9t$ copies ( pat5ts1 ord]s = copies ( records1 & reque/s = o!r s]vices4 ,none ( ^! inquiries %\ld be includ$ ) lett]s respond+ to ,(fice actions 9 applications4 ,:5 a lett] conc]ns a pat5t application1 ! correspond5t mu/ include ! application numb]1 fil+ date1 & ,gr\p ,art ,unit numb]4 ,:5 a lett] conc]ns a pat5t1 x mu/ include ! "n ( ! pat5tee1 ! title ( ! inv5tion1 ! pat5t numb]1 & ! date ( issue4 ,an ord] = a copy ( an assignm5t mu/ give ! book & page1 or reel & frame ( ! record1 z well z ! "n ( ! inv5tor2 o!rwise1 an additional *>ge is made = ! "t consum$ 9 mak+ ! se>* = ! assignm5t4 ,applications = pat5ts are n op5 to ! public1 & no in=mation conc]n+ !m is releas$ except on writt5 au?ority ( ! applicant1 8_/h] assignee1 or 8_/h] attorney1 or :5 necess>y to ! conduct ( ! bus9ess ( ! ,,pto4 ,pat5ts & relat$ records1 includ+ records ( any decisions1 ! records ( assignm5ts o!r ?an ^? relat+ to assignm5ts ( pat5t applications1 books1 & o!r records & pap]s 9 ! ,(fice are op5 to ! public4 ,!y may be inspect$ 9 ! ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,(fice ,se>* ,room or copies may be ord]$4 ,! ,(fice _c respond to inquiries conc]n+ ! novelty & pat5tability ( an inv5tion 9 advance ( ! fil+ ( an application2 give advice z to possible infr+em5t ( a pat5t2 advise ( ! propriety ( fil+ an application2 respond to inquiries z to :e!r1 or to :om1 any alleg$ inv5tion has be5 pat5t$2 act z an exp\nd] ( ! pat5t law or z c\nselor = individuals1 except 9 decid+ que/ions aris+ be=e x 9 regul>ly fil$ cases4 ,in=mation ( a g5]al nature may be furni%$ ei!r directly or by supply+ or call+ att5tion to an appropriate publication4 ,libr>y1 ,se>* ,room ,s]vices & ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,depository ,libr>ies ,! ,sci5tific & ,te*nical ,in=mation ,c5t] ( ! ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,(fice locat$ at ,cry/al ,plaza #c1 #b;,c#ja1 #bjba ,jeff]son ,davis ,highway1 ,arl+ton1 ,,va1 has available = public use ov] #abj1jjj volumes ( sci5tific & te*nical books 9 v>i\s languages1 ab\t #ij1jjj b\nd volumes ( p]iodicals devot$ to sci5ce & te*nology1 ! (ficial j\rnals ( #gg =eign pat5t organizations1 & ov] #dj million =eign pat5ts on pap]1 micr(ilm1 micr(i*e1 & ,,cd-,,rom4 ,! ,sci5tific & ,te*nical ,in=mation ,c5t] is op5 to ! public f #h3cj a4m4 to #e3jj p4m41 ,monday ?r\gh ,friday except f$]al holidays4 ,! ,pat5t ,se>* ,room locat$ at ,cry/al ,plaza #c1 #a;,a#ja1 #bjba ,jeff]son ,davis ,highway1 ,arl+ton1 ,,va1 is provid$ :]e ! public may se>* & exam9e ,unit$ ,/ates pat5ts grant$ s9ce #agij4 ,pat5ts are arrang$ accord+ to ! ,u4,s4 ,pat5t ,classification ,sy/em ( ov] #djj classes & ov] #acf1jjj subclasses4 ,by se>*+ 9 ^! classifi$ gr\p+s ( pat5ts1 x is possible to det]m9e1 be=e actually fil+ an application1 :e!r an inv5tion has be5 anticipat$ by a ,unit$ ,/ates pat5t1 & x is also possible to obta9 ! in=mation conta9$ 9 pat5ts relat+ to any field ( endeavor4 ,! ,pat5t ,se>* ,room conta9s a set ( ,unit$ ,/ates pat5ts arrang$ 9 num]ical ord] & a complete set ( ! ,(ficial ,gazette4 ,a ,files ,in=mation ,room also is ma9ta9$ :]e ! public may inspect ! records & files ( issu$ pat5ts & o!r op5 records4 ,applicants1 _! attorneys or ag5ts1 & ! g5]al public are n entitl$ to use ! records & files 9 ! exam9]s' rooms4 ,! ,pat5t ,se>* ,room is op5 f #h a4m4 to #h p4m4 ,monday ?r\gh ,friday except on ,f$]al holidays4 ,s9ce a pat5t is n always grant$ :5 an application is fil$1 _m inv5tors attempt to make _! own se>* ( ! prior pat5ts & publications be=e apply+ = a pat5t4 ,?is may be done 9 ! ,pat5t ,se>* ,room ( ! ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,(fice1 & 9 libr>ies1 locat$ ?r\gh\t ! ,u4,s41 :i* h be5 designat$ z ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,depository ,libr>ies 7,p,t,d,ls74 ,an inv5tor may make a prelim9>y se>* ?r\gh ! ,unit$ ,/ates pat5ts to discov] if ! p>ticul> inv5tion or "o simil> to x has be5 %[n 9 ! prior pat5t4 ,an inv5tor may also employ pat5t attorneys or ag5ts to p]=m ! prelim9>y se>*4 ,?is se>* is n always z complete z t made by ! ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,(fice dur+ ! exam9ation ( an application1 b only s]ves1 z its "n indicates1 a prelim9>y purpose4 ,= ?is reason1 ! ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,(fice exam9] may1 & (t5 does1 reject claims 9 an application on ! basis ( prior pat5ts or publications n f\nd 9 ! prelim9>y se>*4 ,^? :o _c come to ! ,pat5t ,se>* ,room may ord] f ! ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,(fice copies ( li/s ( orig9al pat5ts or ( cross-ref]5c$ pat5ts conta9$ 9 ! subclasses compris+ ! field ( se>*1 or may inspect & obta9 copies ( ! pat5ts at a ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,depository ,libr>y4 ,! ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,depository ,libr>ies 7,p,t,d,ls7 receive curr5t issues ( ,u4,s4 ,pat5ts & ma9ta9 collections ( e>li] issu$ pat5ts & tradem>k in=mation4 ,! scope ( ^! collections v>ies f libr>y to libr>y1 rang+ f pat5ts ( only rec5t ye>s to all or mo/ ( ! pat5ts issu$ s9ce #agij4 ,^! pat5t collections are op5 to public use4 ,ea* ( ! ,p,t,d,ls1 9 addition1 (f]s ! publications ( ! ,u4,s4 ,pat5t ,classification ,sy/em 7e4g41 ,manual ( ,classification1 ,index to ! ,u4,s4 ,pat5t ,classification ,sy/em1 ,classification ,def9itions1 etc47 & o!r pat5t docum5ts & =ms1 & provides te*nical /aff assi/ance 9 _! use to aid ! public 9 ga9+ effective access to in=mation conta9$ 9 pat5ts4 ,! collections are organiz$ 9 pat5t numb] sequ5ce4 ,available 9 all ,p,t,d,ls is ! ,cassis ,,cd-,,rom sy/em4 ,) v>i\s files1 x p]mits ! effective id5tification ( appropriate classifications to se>*1 provides numb]s ( pat5ts assign$ to a classification to facilitate f9d+ ! pat5ts 9 a num]ical file ( pat5ts1 provides ! curr5t classification7s7 ( all pat5ts1 p]mits ^w se>*+ on classification titles1 & on ab/racts1 & provides c]ta9 bibliographic in=mation on m rec5tly issu$ pat5ts4 ,facilities = mak+ pap] copies f micr(ilm1 ! pap] b\nd volumes or ,,cd-,,rom are g5]ally provid$ = a fee4 ,due to v>iations 9 ! scope ( pat5t collections among ! ,p,t,d,ls & 9 _! h\rs ( s]vice to ! public1 anyone contemplat+ ! use ( ! pat5ts at a p>ticul> libr>y is advis$ to contact t libr>y1 9 advance1 ab\t its collection1 s]vices1 & h\rs1 s z to av]t possible inconv5i5ce4 ,/ate ,"n ( ,libr>y ,telephone ,alabama 99 ,auburn3 ,ralph ,br[n #ccd-hdd-agdg ,draughon ,libr>y1 ,auburn ,univ]sity ,birm+ham ,public ,libr>y #bje-bbf-cfbj ,alaska ,an*orage3 ,z4 ,j4 ,l\ssac #ijg-efb-gcbc ,public ,libr>y1 ,an*orage ,municipal ,libr>ies ,arizona 99 ,tempe3 ,noble ,sci5ce & #fjb-ife-gjaj ,eng9e]+ ,libr>y1 ,arizona ,/ate ,univ]sity ,arkansas 99 ,little ,rock3 ,arkansas #eja-fhb-bjec ,/ate ,libr>y ,cali=nia 99 ,los ,angeles ,public ,libr>y #bac-bbh-gbbj ,sacram5to3 ,cali=nia ,/ate #iaf-fed-jjfi ,libr>y ,san ,diego ,public ,libr>y #fai-bcf-ehac 99 ,san ,francisco ,public #dae-eeg-dejj ,libr>y 9999 ,sunnyvale ,c5t] = #djh-gcj-gbij ,innovation1 ,inv5tion & ,ideas ,colorado ,d5v] ,public ,libr>y #cjc-fdj-fbbj ,delaw>e ,new>k3 ,univ]sity ( #cjb-hca-bife ,delaw>e ,libr>y ,di/rict ( ,columbia ,wa%+ton3 ,f\nd]s #bjb-hjf-gbeb ,libr>y1 ,h[>d ,univ]sity ,florida 99 ,=t ,laud]dale3 ,br[>d #ied-ceg-gddd ,c\nty ,ma9 ,libr>y 99 ,miami-,dade ,public ,libr>y #cje-cge-bffe ,orl&o3 ,univ]sity ( #djg-hbc-befb ,c5tral ,florida ,libr>ies ,tampa ,campus ,libr>y1 #hac-igd-bgbf ,univ]sity ( ,s\? ,florida ,georgia ,atlanta3 ,libr>y & #djd-hid-dejh ,in=mation ,c5t]1 ,georgia ,in/itute ( ,te*nology ,hawaii 99 ,honolulu3 ,hawaii ,/ate #hjh-ehf-cdgg ,libr>y ,idaho ,mosc[3 ,univ]sity ( ,idaho #bjh-hhe-fbce ,libr>y ,ill9ois ,*icago ,public ,libr>y #cab-gdg-ddej ,spr+field3 ,ill9ois ,/ate #bag-ghb-efei ,libr>y ,indiana ,indianapolis-,m>ion ,c\nty #cag-bfi-agda ,public ,libr>y ,we/ ,lafayette3 ,siegesmund #cag-did-bhgb ,eng9e]+ ,libr>y1 ,purdue ,univ]sity ,i[a ,des ,mo9es3 ,/ate ,libr>y ( #eae-bha-daah ,i[a ,kansas 99 ,wi*ita3 ,ablah ,libr>y1 #caf-igh-caee ,wi*ita ,/ate ,univ]sity ,k5tucky 99 ,l\isville ,free ,public #ejb-egd-afaa ,libr>y ,l\isiana ,baton ,r\ge3 ,troy ,h4 #ejd-chh-hhge ,middleton ,libr>y1 ,l\isiana ,/ate ,univ]sity ,ma9e ,orono3 ,raymond ,h4 ,fogl] #bjg-eha-afgh ,libr>y1 ,univ]sity ( ,ma9e ,m>yl& ,college ,p>k3 ,eng9e]+ #cja-dje-iaeg ,physical ,sci5ces ,libr>y1 ,univ]sity ( ,m>yl& ,massa*usetts ,amh]/3 ,physical ,sci5ces #dac-ede-acgj & ,eng9e]+ ,libr>y1 ,univ]sity ( ,massa*usetts 99 ,bo/on ,public ,libr>y #fag-ecf-edjj ,ext4 #bfe ,mi*igan ,ann ,arbor3 ,m$ia ,union #cac-fdg-egce ,libr>y1 ,! ,univ]sity ( ,mi*igan ,big ,rapids3 ,abigail ,s4 ,timme #faf-eib-cfjb ,libr>y1 ,f]ris ,/ate ,univ]sity 9999 ,detroit3 ,great ,lakes #cac-hcc-ccgi ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,c5t]1 ,detroit ,public ,libr>y ,m9nesota 99 ,m9neapolis ,public ,libr>y #fab-cgb-fegj & ,in=mation ,c5t] ,mississippi ,jackson3 ,mississippi ,libr>y #fja-cei-ajcf ,commission ,miss\ri 99 ,kansas ,city3 ,l9da ,hall #haf-cfc-dfjj ,libr>y ,/4 ,l\is ,public ,libr>y #cad-bda-bbhh ,ext4 #cij ,montana ,butte3 ,montana ,te* ( ! #djf-dif-dbha ,univ]sity ( ,montana ,libr>y ,nebraska 99 ,l9coln3 ,eng9e]+ #djb-dgb-cdaa ,libr>y1 ,univ]sity ( ,nebraska-,l9coln ,nevada ,r5o3 ,univ]sity ,libr>y1 #gjb-ghd-fejj ,univ]sity ( ,nevada-,r5o ,ext4 #beg ,new ,hamp%ire ,concord3 ,new ,hamp%ire ,/ate #fjc-bga-bbci ,libr>y ,new ,j]sey ,new>k ,public ,libr>y #bja-gcc-gghb ,piscataway3 ,libr>y ( #ijh-dde-bhie ,sci5ce & ,m$ic9e1 ,rutg]s ,univ]sity ,new ,mexico ,albuqu]que3 ,c5t5nial #eje-bgg-ddab ,sci5ce & ,eng9e]+ ,libr>y1 ,! ,univ]sity ( ,new ,mexico ,new ,york ,albany3 ,new ,york ,/ate #eah-dgd-ecee ,libr>y 99 ,buffalo & ,erie ,c\nty #gaf-heh-gaja ,public ,libr>y ,new ,york3 ,sci5ce1 ,indu/ry #bab-eib-gjjj & ,bus9ess ,libr>y1 ,new ,york ,public ,libr>y ,nor? ,c>ol9a 99 ,raleigh3 ,d4,h4 ,hill #iai-eae-cbhj ,libr>y1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a ,/ate ,univ]sity ,nor? ,dakota ,gr& ,=ks3 ,*e/] ,fritz #gja-ggg-dhhh ,libr>y1 ,univ]sity ( ,nor? ,dakota ,ohio ,akron-,summit ,c\nty ,public #ccj-fdc-ijge ,libr>y ,c9c9nati3 ,! ,public #eac-cfi-ficf ,libr>y ( ,c9c9nati & ,hamilton ,c\nty 99 ,clevel& ,public ,libr>y #baf-fbc-bhgj ,columbus3 ,ohio ,/ate #fad-bib-fage ,univ]sity ,libr>ies 99 ,tol$o_/,lucas ,c\nty ,public #dai-bei-ebab ,libr>y ,oklahoma 99 ,/illwat]3 ,oklahoma ,/ate #dje-gdd-gjhf ,univ]sity ,oregon 99 ,portl&3 ,lewis ,cl>k #ejc-gfh-fghf ,college ,p5nsylvania 99 ,philadelphia3 ,! ,free #bae-fhf-ecca ,libr>y ( ,philadelphia ,pittsburgh3 ,! ,c>negie #dab-fbb-cach ,libr>y ( ,pittsburgh ,univ]sity ,p>k3 ,pattee #had-hfe-dhfa ,libr>y1 ,p5nsylvania ,/ate ,univ]sity ,pu]to ,rico ,mayaguez3 ,g5]al ,libr>y1 #ghg-hcb-djdj ,univ]sity ( ,pu]to ,rico ,ext4 #cdei ,rhode ,isl& ,provid5ce ,public ,libr>y #dja-dee-hjbg ,s\? ,c>ol9a ,clemson3 ,r4,m4 ,coop] #hfd-fef-cjbd ,libr>y1 ,clemson ,univ]sity ,s\? ,dakota ,rapid ,city3 ,dev]eaux #fje-cid-abge ,libr>y1 ,s\? ,dakota ,s*ool ( ,m9es ,te*nology ,t5nessee ,memphis ,%elby ,c\nty #ija-gbe-hhgg ,public ,libr>y & ,in=mation ,c5t] ,na%ville3 ,/ev5son ,sci5ce #fae-cbb-bgag & ,eng9e]+ ,libr>y1 ,v&]bilt ,univ]sity ,texas ,au/93 ,mc,kinney ,eng9e]+ #eab-die-dejj ,libr>y1 ,! ,univ]sity ( ,texas at ,au/9 99 ,college ,/ation3 ,/]l+ #dji-hde-chbf ,c4 ,evans ,libr>y1 ,texas ,a,m ,univ]sity 99 ,dallas ,public ,libr>y #bad-fgj-adfh ,h\/on3 ,! ,fondr5 #gac-ebg-haja ,libr>y1 ,rice ,univ]sity ,ext4 #behg ,lubbock3 ,texas ,te* #hjf-gdb-bbhb ,univ]sity ,libr>y ,utah 99 ,salt ,lake ,city3 ,m>riott #hja-eha-hcid ,libr>y1 ,univ]sity ( ,utah ,v]mont ,burl+ton3 ,bailey ,h[e #hjb-fef-bedb ,libr>y1 ,univ]sity ( ,v]mont ,virg9ia 99 ,ri*mond3 ,james ,bran* #hjd-hbh-aajd ,cabell ,libr>y1 ,virg9ia ,commonweal? ,univ]sity ,wa%+ton 99 ,seattle3 ,eng9e]+ #bjf-edc-jgdj ,libr>y1 ,univ]sity ( ,wa%+ton ,we/ ,virg9ia ,morgant[n3 ,evansdale #cjd-bic-beaj ,libr>y1 ,we/ ,virg9ia ,ext4 #aac ,univ]sity ,wiscons9 ,madison3 ,kurt ,f4 ,w5dt #fjh-bfb-fhde ,libr>y1 ,univ]sity ( ,wiscons9-,madison ,milwaukee ,public ,libr>y #dad-bhf-cjea ,wyom+ ,casp]3 ,natrona ,c\nty #cjg-bcg-dice ,public ,libr>y ,note3 99 ,d5otes ,,aps-,text access2 9999 d5otes p>tn]%ip ,,ptdl4 ,p>tn]%ip ,libr>ies h access to ,,aps-,text1 ,,aps-,image1 & ,x-,se>*4 ,attorneys & ,ag5ts ,! prep>ation ( an application = pat5t & ! conduct+ ( ! proce$+s 9 ! ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,(fice to obta9 ! pat5t is an und]tak+ requir+ ! k ( pat5t law & rules & ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,(fice practice & proc$ures1 z well z k ( ! sci5tific or te*nical matt]s involv$ 9 ! p>ticul> inv5tion4 ,inv5tors may prep>e _! own applications & file !m 9 ! ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,(fice & conduct ! proce$+s !mselves1 b unless !y are famili> ) ^! matt]s or /udy !m 9 detail1 !y may get into consid]able difficulty4 ,:ile a pat5t may be obta9$ 9 _m cases by p]sons n skill$ 9 ?is "w1 !re w\ld be no assurance t ! pat5t obta9$ w\ld adequately protect ! p>ticul> inv5tion4 ,mo/ inv5tors employ ! s]vices ( regi/]$ pat5t attorneys or pat5t ag5ts4 ,! law gives ! ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,(fice ! p[] to make rules & regulations gov]n+ conduct & ! recognition ( pat5t attorneys & ag5ts to practice be=e ! ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,(fice4 ,p]sons :o are n recogniz$ by ! ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,(fice = ?is practice are n p]mitt$ by law to repres5t inv5tors be=e ! ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,(fice4 ,! ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,(fice ma9ta9s a regi/] ( attorneys & ag5ts4 ,to be admitt$ to ?is regi/]1 a p]son mu/ comply ) ! regulations prescrib$ by ! ,(fice1 :i* require a %[+ t ! p]son is ( good moral "* & ( good repute & t he_/%e has ! legal1 & sci5tific & te*nical qualifications necess>y to r5d] applicants = pat5ts a valuable s]vice4 ,c]ta9 ( ^! qualifications mu/ be demon/rat$ by ! pass+ ( an exam9ation4 ,^? admitt$ to ! exam9ation mu/ h a college degree 9 eng9e]+ or physical sci5ce or ! equival5t ( su* a degree4 ,! ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,(fice regi/]s bo? attorneys at law & p]sons :o are n attorneys at law4 ,! =m] p]sons are n[ ref]r$ to z 8pat5t attorneys0 & ! latt] p]sons are ref]r$ to z 8pat5t ag5ts40 ,ins(> z ! "w ( prep>+ an application = a pat5t & conduct+ ! prosecution 9 ! ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,(fice is conc]n$1 pat5t ag5ts are usually j z well qualifi$ z pat5t attorneys1 al?\gh pat5t ag5ts _c conduct pat5t litigation 9 ! c\rts or p]=m v>i\s s]vices :i* ! local jurisdiction consid]s z practic+ law4 ,= example1 a pat5t ag5t c\ld n draw up a contract relat+ to a pat5t1 su* z an assignm5t or a lic5se1 if ! /ate 9 :i* he_/%e resides consid]s draft+ contracts z practic+ law4 ,"s individuals & organizations t are n regi/]$ adv]tise _! s]vices 9 ! fields ( pat5t se>*+ & inv5tion m>ket+ & developm5t4 ,su* individuals & organizations _c repres5t inv5tors be=e ! ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,(fice4 ,!y are n subject to ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,(fice discipl9e1 & ! ,(fice _c assi/ inv5tors 9 deal+ ) !m4 ,! ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,(fice _c recomm5d any p>ticul> attorney or ag5t1 or aid 9 ! selection ( an attorney or ag5t1 z by /at+1 9 response to inquiry t a nam$ pat5t attorney1 ag5t1 or firm1 is 8reliable0 or 8capable40 ,! ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,(fice publi%es a directory ( all regi/]$ pat5t attorneys & ag5ts :o h indicat$ _! availability to accept new cli5ts1 arrang$ by /ates1 cities1 & =eign c\ntries4 ,! ,directory may be pur*as$ 9 pap] =m f ! ,gov]nm5t ,pr9t+ ,(fice or f ! ,,pto's ,(fice ( ,electronic ,in=mation on ! ,cassis ,,assi/ ,,cd-,,rom disc4 ,x is also available on ! ,,pto ,web site4 ,! telephone directories ( mo/ l>ge cities h1 9 ! classifi$ section1 a head+ = pat5t attorneys "u :i* ^? 9 t area are li/$4 ,_m l>ge cities h associations ( pat5t attorneys4 ,9 employ+ a pat5t attorney or ag5t1 ! inv5tor executes a p[] ( attorney or au?orization ( ag5t :i* mu/ be fil$ 9 ! ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,(fice & is usually a "p ( ! application pap]s4 ,:5 an attorney or ag5t has be5 appo9t$1 ! ,(fice does n communicate ) ! inv5tor directly b conducts ! correspond5ce ) ! attorney or ag5t s9ce he_/%e is act+ = ! inv5tor !reaft] al?\gh ! inv5tor is free to contact ! ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,(fice conc]n+ ! /atus ( 8_/h] application4 ,! inv5tor may remove ! attorney or ag5t by revok+ ! p[] ( attorney or au?orization ( ag5t4 ,! ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,(fice has ! p[] to disb>1 or susp5d f practic+ be=e x1 p]sons guilty ( gross misconduct1 etc41 b ?is c only be done aft] a full he>+ ) ! pres5tation ( cle> & conv9c+ evid5ce conc]n+ ! misconduct4 ,! ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,(fice w receive &1 9 appropriate cases1 act ^u compla9ts aga9/ attorneys & ag5ts4 ,! fees *>g$ to inv5tors by pat5t attorneys & ag5ts = _! pr(essional s]vices are n subject to regulation by ! ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,(fice4 ,def9ite evid5ce ( ov]*>g+ may af=d basis = ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,(fice action1 b ! ,(fice r>ely int]v5es 9 disputes conc]n+ fees4 ,disclosure ,docum5t ,"o ( ! s]vices provid$ = inv5tors is ! acceptance & pres]vation by ! ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,(fice = a two ye> p]iod ( pap]s sign$ by ! inv5tor7s7 disclos+ an inv5tion4 ,?is disclosure is accept$ z evid5ce ( ! dates ( conception ( ! inv5tion4 ,! ,disclosure ,docum5t w be reta9$ = two ye>s & !n be de/roy$ unless x is ref]r$ to 9 a sep>ate lett] 9 a relat$ pat5t application )9 ^? two ye>s4 ,disclosure ,docum5ts may also be fil$ at select$ ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,depository ,libr>ies 7,p,t,d,ls71 pres5tly includ+ ! ,sunnyvale 7,,ca7 ,c5t] = ,innovation1 ,inv5tion & ,ideas & ,great ,lakes ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,c5t] at ! ,detroit 7,,mi7 ,public ,libr>y4 ,a li/+ ( ,p,t,d,ls is includ$ 9 ?is pamphlet "u ! head+ 8,libr>y1 ,se>* ,room ,se>*es & ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,depository ,libr>ies40 ,"o copy ( ! docum5t is kept at ! ,,ptdl & ! orig9al docum5ts are s5t to ! ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,(fice = fee collection1 process+ & ret5tion4 ,disclosure ,docum5ts are kept 9 confid5ce by ! ,,pto4 ,! ,disclosure ,docum5t is n a pat5t application & ! date ( its receipt 9 ! ,,pto does n become ! effective fil+ date ( any pat5t application subsequ5tly fil$4 ,! b5efits provid$ by ! docum5t w dep5d ^u ! adequacy ( ! disclosure & !re=e1 x is recomm5d$ t ! ,disclosure ,docum5t be a cle> & complete explanation ( ! mann] & process ( mak+ & us+ ! inv5tion4 ,:5 ! nature ( ! inv5tion p]mits1 a draw+ or sket* %\ld be includ$4 ,a fee mu/ accompany ! disclosure4 ,see ! curr5t fee s*$ule4 ,to facilitate ! ,,pto's electronic data capture & /orage ( ! ,disclosure ,docum5t1 x mu/ be on :ite pap] hav+ dim5sions n to exce$ #h x #aa in*es 7#ba4f ,x #bh4j cm7 ) ea* page numb]$4 ,text & draw+s mu/ be suffici5tly d>k to p]mit reproduction ) commonly us$ (fice copy+ ma*9es4 ,ov]siz$ pap]s1 ev5 if foldable to ! above dim5sions w n be accept$4 ,atta*m5ts su* z videotapes & work+ models w n be accept$ & w be return$4 ,! ,disclosure ,docum5t mu/ be accompani$ by a sep>ate sign$ cov] lett] /at+ t x is submitt$ by1 or on behalf (1 ! inv5tor7s7 & reque/+ t ! mat]ial be receiv$ into ! ,disclosure ,docum5t ,program4 ,! orig9al submission w n be return$4 ,a notice ) an id5tify+ numb] & date ( receipt 9 ! ,,pto w be mail$ to ! cu/om]1 indicat+ t ! ,disclosure ,docum5t may be reli$ ^u only z evid5ce & t a pat5t application %\ld be dilig5tly fil$ if pat5t protection is desir$4 ,a bro*ure on ,disclosure ,docum5ts is available by call+ ! ,,pto ,g5]al ,in=mation ,s]vices at #a-hjj-ghf-iaii or #gjc-cjh-dceg4 ,:o ,may ,apply = a ,pat5t ,accord+ to ! law1 only ! inv5tor may apply = a pat5t1 ) c]ta9 exceptions4 ,if a p]son :o is n ! inv5tor %\ld apply = a pat5t1 ! pat5t1 if x 7 obta9$1 w\ld be invalid4 ,! p]son apply+ 9 su* a case :o falsely /ates t he_/%e is ! inv5tor w\ld also be subject to crim9al p5alties4 ,if ! inv5tor is dead1 ! application may be made by legal repres5tatives1 t is1 ! adm9i/rator or executor ( ! e/ate4 ,if ! inv5tor is insane1 ! application = pat5t may be made by a gu>dian4 ,if an inv5tor refuses to apply = a pat5t or _c be f\nd1 a jo9t inv5tor or a p]son hav+ a propriet>y int]e/ 9 ! inv5tion may apply on behalf ( ! non-sign+ inv5tor4 ,if two or m p]sons make an inv5tion jo9tly1 !y apply = a pat5t z jo9t inv5tors4 ,a p]son :o makes a f9ancial contribution is n a jo9t inv5tor & _c be jo9$ 9 ! application z an inv5tor4 ,x is possible to correct an innoc5t mi/ake 9 errone\sly omitt+ an inv5tor or 9 errone\sly nam+ a p]son z an inv5tor4 ,(fic]s & employees ( ! ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,(fice are prohibit$ by law f apply+ = a pat5t or acquir+1 directly or indirectly1 except by inh]itance or beque/1 any pat5t or any "r or int]e/ 9 any pat5t4 ,application ,= ,pat5t ,non-,provisional ,application = a ,pat5t ,a non-provisional application = a pat5t is made to ! ,assi/ant ,commission] = ,pat5ts & includes3 7#a7 ,a writt5 docum5t :i* comprises a specification 7description & claims71 & an oa? or decl>ation2 7#b7 ,a draw+ 9 ^? cases 9 :i* a draw+ is necess>y2 & 7#c7 ,! fil+ fee4 ,see ! fee s*$ule4 ,all application pap]s mu/ be 9 ! ,engli% language or accompani$ by a v]ifi$ translation into ! ,engli% language along ) ! requir$ fee set =? 9 #cg ,,cfr #a4ag7k74 ,all application pap]s mu/ be legibly writt5 ei!r by a typewrit] or me*anical pr9t] 9 p]man5t d>k ink or its equival5t 9 portrait ori5tation on flexible1 /rong1 smoo?1 non-%9y1 durable & :ite pap]4 ,! pap]s mu/ be pres5t$ 9 a =m hav+ suffici5t cl>ity & contra/ betwe5 ! pap] & ! writ+ to p]mit electronic reproduction4 ,! application pap]s mu/ all be ! same size--ei!r #ba4j cm by #bi4g cm 7,,d9 size ,a#d7 or #ba4f cm by #bg4i cm 7#h by #aa in*es71 ) a top m>g9s ( at lea/ #b4j cm 7 in*71 a left side m>g9 ( at lea/ #b4e cm 7#a in*71 a "r side m>g9 ( at lea/ #b4j cm 7 in*7 & a bottom m>g9 ( at lea/ #b4j cm 7 in*7 ) no holes made 9 ! submitt$ pap]s4 ,x is also requir$ t ! spac+ on all pap]s be #a or d\ble spac$ & ! application pap]s mu/ be numb]$ consecutively 7c5trally locat$ above or bel[ ! text7 />t+ ) page "o4 ,! application = pat5t is n =w>d$ = exam9ation until all requir$ p>ts1 comply+ ) ! rules relat$ !reto1 are receiv$4 ,if any application is fil$ )\t all ! requir$ p>ts = obta9+ a fil+ date 7incomplete or defective71 ! applicant w be notifi$ ( ! defici5cies & giv5 a "t p]iod to complete ! application fil+ 7a sur*>ge may be requir$7--at :i* "t a fil+ date z ( ! date ( su* a complet$ submission w be obta9$ by ! applicant4 ,if ! omission is n correct$ )9 a set1 specifi$ "t p]iod1 ! application w be return$ or o!rwise dispos$ (2 ! fil+ fee if submitt$ w be refund$ less a h&l+ fee z set =? 9 ! fee s*$ule4 ,x is desirable t all p>ts ( ! complete application be deposit$ 9 ! ,(fice toge!r2 o!rwise ea* "p mu/ be sign$ & a lett] mu/ accompany ea* "p1 accurately & cle>ly connect+ x ) ! o!r p>ts ( ! application4 ,all applications receiv$ 9 ! ,,pto are numb]$ 9 s]ial ord] & ! applicant w be in=m$ ( ! application s]ial numb] & fil+ date by a fil+ receipt4 ,! fil+ date ( an application = pat5t is ! date on :i* ! names ( ! inv5tors1 a specification 7includ+ claims7 & any requir$ draw+s are receiv$ 9 ! ,,pto2 or ! date on :i* ! la/ "p complet+ ! application are receiv$ 9 ! case ( a previ\sly incomplete or defective application4 ,provisional ,application = a ,pat5t ,s9ce ,june #h1 #aiie1 ! ,,pto has (f]$ inv5tors ! option ( fil+ a provisional application = pat5t :i* 0 design$ to provide a l[] co/ fir/ pat5t fil+ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & to give ,u4,s4 applicants p>ity ) =eign applicants4 ,claims & oa? or decl>ation are ,,n requir$ = a provisional application4 ,provisional application provides ! means to e/abli% an e>ly effective fil+ date 9 a pat5t application & p]mits ! t]m 8,pat5t ,p5d+0 to be appli$ 9 connection ) ! inv5tion4 ,provisional applications may n be fil$ = design inv5tions4 ,! fil+ date ( a provisional application is ! date on :i* a writt5 description ( ! inv5tion1 draw+s if necess>y1 & ! "n ( ! inv5tor7s7 are receiv$ 9 ! ,,pto4 ,to be complete1 a provisional application mu/ also include ! fil+ fee1 & a cov] %eet specify+ t ! application is a provisional application = pat5t4 ,applicant w\ld !n h up to twelve mon?s to file a non-provisional application = pat5t z describ$ above4 ,! claim$ subject matt] 9 ! lat] fil$ non-provisional application is entitl$ to ! b5efit ( ! fil+ date ( ! provisional application if x has support 9 ! provisional application4 ,provisional applications are n exam9$ on _! m]its4 ,a provisional application w become ab&on$ by ! op]ation ( law twelve mon?s f its fil+ date4 ,! twelve mon? p5d5cy = a provisional application is n c\nt$ t[>d ! #bj ye> t]m ( a pat5t grant$ on a subsequ5tly fil$ non-provisional application :i* relies on ! fil+ date ( ! provisional application4 ,a sur*>ge is requir$ = fil+ ! basic fil+ fee or ! cov] %eet on a date lat] ?an ! fil+ ( ! provisional application4 ,a bro*ure on ,provisional ,application = ,pat5t is available by call+ ! ,,pto ,g5]al ,in=mation ,s]vices at #a-hjj-ghf-iaii or #gjc-cjh-dceg or by access+ ,,pto's ,web site at http3_/_/www4uspto4gov4 ,oa? or ,decl>ation1 ,signature ,! oa? or decl>ation ( ! applicant is requir$ by law = a non-provisional application4 ,! inv5tor mu/ make an oa? or decl>ation t he_/%e believes himself_/h]self to be ! orig9al & fir/ inv5tor ( ! subject matt] ( ! application1 & he_/%e mu/ make v>i\s o!r allegations requir$ by law & v>i\s allegations requir$ by ! ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,(fice rules4 ,! oa? mu/ be sworn to by ! inv5tor be=e a not>y public or o!r (fic] au?oriz$ to adm9i/] oa?s4 ,a decl>ation may be us$ 9 lieu ( an oa? z "p ( ! orig9al application = a pat5t involv+ designs1 plants1 & o!r pat5table inv5tions2 = reissue pat5ts2 :5 claim+ matt] orig9ally %[n or describ$ b n orig9ally claim$2 or :5 fil+ a divisional or cont9u+ application4 ,a decl>ation does n ne$ to be not>iz$4 ,! oa? or decl>ation mu/ be sign$ by ! inv5tor 9 p]son1 or by ! p]son entitl$ by law to make application on ! inv5tor's behalf4 ,a full fir/ & la/ "n ) middle initial or "n1 if any1 ( ea* inv5tor are requir$4 ,! po/ (fice address & citiz5%ip ( ea* inv5tor are also requir$4 ,sample =ms are available by call+ ! ,,pto ,g5]al ,in=mation ,s]vices at #hjj-ghf-iaii or #gjc-cjh-dceg or by access+ ,,pto ,web site at http3_/_/www4uspto4gov "u ! section titl$ 8,,pto ,=ms40 ,! pap]s 9 a complete application w n be return$ = any purpose :atsoev]1 nor w ! fil+ fee be return$4 ,if applicants h n pres]v$ copies ( ! pap]s1 ! ,(fice w furni% copies = a fee4 ,fil+ ,fees#a ,footnote #a3 ,please ,note3 ,! fees are curr5t z ( ! revision date4 ,fees are subject to *ange 9 ,octob] ( ea* ye> & %\ld !re=e be v]ifi$ be=e submission to ! ,,pto4 ,a fee s*$ule may be obta9$ by writ+ to ,commission] ( ,pat5ts & ,tradem>ks1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4,c4 #bjbca--;,att5tion3 ,g5]al ,in=mation ,s]vices or by call+ ! ,g5]al ,in=mation ,s]vices at #hjj-ghf-iaii or #gjc-cjh-dceg or f ! ,,pto ,web site at http3_/_/www4uspto4gov4 ,! fil+ fee ( a non-provisional application1 except 9 design & plant cases1 consi/s ( a basic fee & additional fees4 ,! basic fee entitles ! applicant to pres5t tw5ty 7#bj7 claims1 includ+ n m ?an ?ree 7#c7 9 indep5d5t =m4 ,an additional fee is requir$ = ea* claim 9 indep5d5t =m :i* is 9 excess ( ?ree 7#c7 & an additional fee is requir$ = ea* claim 7:e!r indep5d5t or dep5d5t7 :i* is 9 excess ( a total ( tw5ty 7#bj7 claims4 ,if ! application conta9s multiple dep5d5t claims1 additional fees are requir$4 ,if ! own] ( ! inv5tion is a small entity1 7an indep5d5t inv5tor1 a small bus9ess conc]n or a non-pr(it organization71 ! fil+ fees are r$uc$ by half if ! small entity files a v]ifi$ /atem5t claim+ small entity /atus4 ,to avoid errors 9 ! paym5t ( fees x is sugge/$ t ! table 9 ! enclos$ pat5t application transmittal lett] be utiliz$ to calculate ! fee paym5t4 ,9 calculat+ fees1 a claim is 9 s+ul>ly dep5d5t =m if x incorporates by ref]5ce a s+le prec$+ claim :i* may be an indep5d5t or a dep5d5t claim4 ,a multiple dep5d5t claim or any claim dep5d+ !refrom %all be consid]$ z sep>ate dep5d5t claims 9 accordance ) ! numb] ( claims to :i* ref]5ce is made4 ,! law also provides = ! paym5t ( additional fees on pres5tation ( additional claims aft] ! application is fil$4 ,:5 an am5dm5t is fil$ :i* pres5ts additional claims ov] ! total numb] already paid =1 or additional indep5d5t claims ov] ! numb] ( indep5d5t claims already acc\nt$ =1 x mu/ be accompani$ by any additional fees due4 ,specification 7,description & ,claims7 ,! foll[+ ord] ( arrangem5t %\ld be obs]v$ 9 fram+ ! application3 7a7 ,application transmittal =m4 7b7 ,fee transmittal =m4 7c7 ,title ( ! ,inv5tion4 7d7 ,cross ,ref]5ce to relat$ applications 7if any74 7e7 ,/atem5t ( f$]ally sponsor$ rese>*_/developm5t 7if any74 7f7 ,ref]5ce to a micr(i*e app5dix 7if any74 7g7 ,backgr\nd ( ! ,inv5tion4 7h7 ,brief ,summ>y ( ! ,inv5tion4 7i7 ,brief description ( ! sev]al views ( ! draw+ 7if any74 7j7 ,detail$ ,description ( ! ,inv5tion4 7k7 ,claim or claims4 7#a7 ,ab/ract ( ! disclosure4 7m7 ,draw+s 7if any74 7n7 ,execut$ oa? or decl>ation4 7o7 ,sequ5ce li/+ 7if any74 7p7 ,plant ,color ,cod+ ,%eet 7applicable 9 plant pat5t applications74 ,! specification mu/ include a writt5 description ( ! inv5tion & ( ! mann] & process ( mak+ & us+ x1 & is requir$ to be 9 su* full1 cle>1 concise1 & exact t]ms z to enable any p]son skill$ 9 ! te*nological area to :i* ! inv5tion p]ta9s1 or ) :i* x is mo/ ne>ly connect$1 to make & use ! same4 ,! specification mu/ set =? ! precise inv5tion = :i* a pat5t is solicit$1 9 su* mann] z to di/+ui% x f o!r inv5tions & f :at is old4 ,x mu/ describe completely a specific embodim5t ( ! process1 ma*9e1 manufacture1 composition ( matt]1 or improvem5t inv5t$1 & mu/ expla9 ! mode ( op]ation or pr9ciple :5ev] applicable4 ,! be/ mode contemplat$ by ! inv5tor = c>ry+ out ! inv5tion mu/ be set =?4 ,9 ! case ( an improvem5t1 ! specification mu/ p>ticul>ly po9t out ! "p or p>ts ( ! process1 ma*9e1 manufacture1 or composition ( matt] to :i* ! improvem5t relates1 & ! description %\ld be conf9$ to ! specific improvem5t & to su* p>ts z necess>ily coop]ate ) x or z may be necess>y to a complete und]/&+ or description ( x4 ,! title ( ! inv5tion1 :i* %\ld be z %ort & specific z possible1 %\ld appe> z a head+ on ! fir/ page ( ! specification1 if x does n o!rwise appe> at ! beg9n+ ( ! application4 ,a brief ab/ract ( ! te*nical disclosure 9 ! specification includ+ t :i* is new 9 ! art to :i* ! inv5tion p]ta9s1 mu/ be set =? on a sep>ate page imm$iately foll[+ ! claims4 ,! ab/ract %\ld be 9 ! =m ( a s+le p>agraph ( #bej words or less1 "u ! head+ 8,ab/ract ( ! ,disclosure40 ,a brief summ>y ( ! inv5tion indicat+ its nature & sub/ance1 :i* may include a /atem5t ( ! object ( ! inv5tion %\ld prec$e ! detail$ description4 ,! summ>y %\ld be comm5surate ) ! inv5tion z claim$ & any object recit$ %\ld be t ( ! inv5tion z claim$4 ,:5 !re are draw+s1 !re %all be a brief description ( ! sev]al views ( ! draw+s1 & ! detail$ description ( ! inv5tion %all ref] to ! diff]5t views by specify+ ! numb]s ( ! figures1 & to ! diff]5t p>ts by use ( ref]5ce num]als4 ,! specification mu/ conclude ) a claim or claims p>ticul>ly po9t+ out & di/9ctly claim+ ! subject matt] :i* ! applicant reg>ds z ! inv5tion4 ,! portion ( ! application 9 :i* ! applicant sets =? ! claim or claims is an important "p ( ! application1 z x is ! claims t def9e ! scope ( ! protection af=d$ by ! pat5t & :i* que/ions ( infr+em5t are judg$ by ! c\rts4 ,m ?an "o claim may be pres5t$ provid$ !y diff] sub/antially f ea* o!r & are n unduly multipli$4 ,"o or m claims may be pres5t$ 9 dep5d5t =m1 ref]r+ back to & fur!r limit+ ano!r claim or claims 9 ! same application4 ,any dep5d5t claim :i* ref]s back to m ?an "o o!r claim is consid]$ a 8multiple dep5d5t claim40 ,multiple dep5d5t claims %all ref] to su* o!r claims 9 ! alt]native only4 ,a multiple dep5d5t claim %all n s]ve z a basis = any o!r multiple dep5d5t claim4 ,claims 9 dep5d5t =m %all be con/ru$ to include all ( ! limitations ( ! claim incorporat$ by ref]5ce into ! dep5d5t claim4 ,a multiple dep5d5t claim %all be con/ru$ to incorporate all ! limitations ( ea* ( ! p>ticul> claims 9 relation to :i* x is be+ consid]$4 ,! claim or claims mu/ con=m to ! inv5tion z set =? 9 ! rema9d] ( ! specification & ! t]ms & phrases us$ 9 ! claims mu/ f9d cle> support or antec$5t basis 9 ! description s t ! mean+ ( ! t]ms 9 ! claims may be asc]ta9able by ref]5ce to ! description4 ,draw+ ,! applicant = a pat5t w be requir$ by law to furni% a draw+ ( ! inv5tion :5ev] ! nature ( ! case requires a draw+ to und]/& ! inv5tion4 ,h[ev]1 ! ,commission] may require a draw+ :]e ! nature ( ! subject matt] admits ( x2 ?is draw+ mu/ be fil$ ) ! application4 ,?is includes practically all inv5tions except compositions ( matt] or processes1 b a draw+ may also be useful 9 ! case ( _m processes4 ,! draw+ mu/ %[ e feature ( ! inv5tion specifi$ 9 ! claims1 & is requir$ by ! ,(fice rules to be 9 a p>ticul> =m4 ,! ,(fice specifies ! size ( ! %eet on :i* ! draw+ is made1 ! type ( pap]1 ! m>g9s1 & o!r details relat+ to ! mak+ ( ! draw+4 ,! reason = specify+ ! /&>ds 9 detail is t ! draw+s are pr9t$ & publi%$ 9 a uni=m /yle :5 ! pat5t issues1 & ! draw+s mu/ also be su* t !y c be readily und]/ood by p]sons us+ ! pat5t descriptions4 ,no names or o!r id5tification w be p]mitt$ )9 ! 8sight0 ( ! draw+1 & applicants are expect$ to use ! space above & betwe5 ! hole locations to id5tify ea* %eet ( draw+s4 ,?is id5tification may consi/ ( ! attorney's "n & docket numb] or ! inv5tor's "n & case numb] & may include ! %eet numb] & ! total numb] ( %eets fil$ 7= example1 8%eet #b ( #d074 ,! foll[+ rule1 reproduc$ f title #cg ( ! ,code ( ,f$]al ,regulations1 relates to ! /&>ds = draw+s3 #a4hd ,/&>ds = draw+s4 7a7 ,draw+s4 ,!re are two acceptable categories = pres5t+ draw+s 9 utility pat5t applications3 7#a7 ,black ink4 ,black & :ite draw+s are normally requir$4 ,india ink1 or its equival5t t secures solid black l9es1 mu/ be us$ = draw+s1 or 7#b7 ,color4 ,on r>e occasions1 color draw+s may be necess>y z ! only practical m$ium by :i* to disclose ! subject matt] s\ght to be pat5t$ 9 a utility pat5t application or ! subject matt] ( a /atutory inv5tion regi/ration4 ,! ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,(fice w accept color draw+s 9 utility pat5t applications & /atutory inv5tion regi/rations only aft] grant+ a petition fil$ "u ?is p>agraph expla9+ :y ! color draw+s are necess>y4 ,any su* petition mu/ include ! foll[+3 7i7 ,! appropriate fee set =? 9 #cg ,,cfr #a4ag7;h72 7ii7 ,?ree 7#c7 sets ( color draw+s2 & 7iii7 ,! specification mu/ conta9 ! foll[+ language z ! fir/ p>agraph 9 t portion ( ! specification relat+ to ! brief description ( ! draw+3 8,! file ( ?is pat5t conta9s at lea/ "o draw+ execut$ 9 color4 ,copies ( ?is pat5t ) color draw+7s7 w be provid$ by ! ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,(fice ^u reque/ & paym5t ( ! necess>y fee40 ,if ! language is n 9 ! specification1 a propos$ am5dm5t to ins]t ! language mu/ accompany ! petition4 7b7 ,photographs4 7#a7 ,black & :ite4 ,photographs are n ord9>ily p]mitt$ 9 utility & design pat5t applications4 ,h[ev]1 ! ,(fice w accept photographs 9 utility & design pat5t applications only aft] grant+ a petition fil$ "u ?is p>agraph :i* reque/s t photographs be accept$4 ,any su* petition mu/ include ! foll[+3 7i7 ,! appropriate fee set =? 9 #cg ,,cfr #a4ag7;h72 & 7ii7 ,?ree 7#c7 sets ( photographs4 ,photographs mu/ ei!r be develop$ on d\ble weight photographic pap] or be p]man5tly m\nt$ on ,bri/ol bo>d4 ,! photographs mu/ be ( suffici5t quality s t all details 9 ! draw+ are reproducible 9 ! pr9t$ pat5t4 7#b7 ,color4 ,color photographs w be accept$ 9 utility pat5t applications if ! conditions = accept+ color draw+s h be5 satisfi$4 ,see p>agraph 7a77#b7 ( ?is section4 7c7 ,id5tification ( draw+s4 ,id5tify+ indicia1 if provid$1 %\ld include ! application numb] or ! title ( ! inv5tion1 inv5tor's "n1 docket numb] 7if any71 & ! "n & telephone numb] ( a p]son to call if ! ,(fice is unable to mat* ! draw+s to ! prop] application4 ,?is in=mation %\ld be plac$ on ! back ( ea* %eet ( draw+s a m9imum di/ance ( #a4e cm4 7 in*7 d[n f ! top ( ! page4 ,9 addition1 a ref]5ce to ! application numb]1 or1 if an application numb] has n be5 assign$1 ! inv5tor's "n1 may be includ$ 9 ! left-h& corn] provid$ t ! ref]5ce appe>s )9 #a4e cm4 7#iaf in*7 f ! top ( ! %eet4 7d7 ,graphic =ms 9 draw+s4 ,*emical or ma!matical =mulae1 tables1 & wave=ms may be submitt$ z draw+s & are subject to ! same requirem5ts z draw+s4 ,ea* *emical or ma!matical =mula mu/ be label$ z a sep>ate figure1 us+ brackets :5 necess>y1 to %[ t in=mation is prop]ly integrat$4 ,ea* gr\p ( wave=ms mu/ be pres5t$ z a s+le figure1 us+ a common v]tical axis ) "t ext5d+ along ! horizontal axis4 ,ea* individual wave=m discuss$ 9 ! specification mu/ be id5tifi$ ) a sep>ate lett] designation adjac5t to ! v]tical axis4 7e7 ,type ( pap]4 ,draw+s submitt$ to ! ,(fice mu/ be made on pap] :i* is flexible1 /rong1 :ite1 smoo?1 non-%9y1 & durable4 ,all %eets mu/ be free f cracks1 creases1 & folds4 ,only "o side ( ! %eet %all be us$ = ! draw+4 ,ea* %eet mu/ be reasonably free f erasures & mu/ be free f alt]ations1 ov]writ+s1 & int]l9eations4 ,photographs mu/ ei!r be develop$ on d\ble weight photographic pap] or be p]man5tly m\nt$ on ,bri/ol bo>d4 ,see p>agraph 7b7 ( ?is section = o!r requirem5ts = photographs4 7f7 ,size ( pap]4 ,all draw+ %eets 9 an application mu/ be ! same size4 ,"o ( ! %ort] sides ( ! %eet is reg>d$ z its top4 ,! size ( ! %eets on :i* draw+s are made mu/ be3 7#a7 #ba4j cm4 by #bi4g cm4 7,,d9 size ,a#d71 or 7#b7 #ba4f cm4 by #bg4i cm4 7#h by #aa in*es74 7g7 ,m>g9s4 ,! %eets mu/ n conta9 frames ar\nd ! sight2 i4e41 ! usable surface1 b %\ld h scan t>get po9ts1 i4e41 cross-hairs1 pr9t$ on two cat]corn] m>g9 corn]s4 ,ea* %eet mu/ include a top m>g9 ( at lea/ #b4e cm4 7#a in*71 a left side m>g9 ( at lea/ #b4e cm4 7#a in*71 a "r side m>g9 ( at lea/ #a4e cm4 7#iaf in*71 & a bottom m>g9 ( at lea/ #a4j cm4 7 in*71 !reby leav+ a sight no great] ?an #ag4j cm4 by #bf4b cm4 on #ba4j cm4 by #bi4g cm4 7,,d9 size ,a#d7 draw+ %eets1 & a sight no great] ?an #ag4f cm4 by #bd4d cm4 7#faeaf by #i in*es7 on #ba4f cm4 by #bg4i cm4 7#h by #aa in*7 draw+ %eets4 7h7 ,views4 ,! draw+ mu/ conta9 z _m views z necess>y to %[ ! inv5tion4 ,! views may be plan1 elevation1 section1 or p]spective views4 ,detail views ( portions ( elem5ts1 on a l>g] scale if necess>y1 may also be us$4 ,all views ( ! draw+ mu/ be gr\p$ toge!r & arrang$ on ! %eet7s7 )\t wa/+ space1 pref]ably 9 an upright position1 cle>ly sep>at$ f "o ano!r1 & mu/ n be includ$ 9 ! %eets conta9+ ! specifications1 claims1 or ab/ract4 ,views mu/ n be connect$ by projection l9es & mu/ n conta9 c5t] l9es4 ,wave=ms ( electrical signals may be connect$ by da%$ l9es to %[ ! relative tim+ ( ! wave=ms4 7#a7 ,explod$ views4 ,explod$ views1 ) ! sep>at$ p>ts embrac$ by a bracket1 to %[ ! relation%ip or ord] ( assembly ( v>i\s p>ts are p]missible4 ,:5 an explod$ view is %[n 9 a figure :i* is on ! same %eet z ano!r figure1 ! explod$ view %\ld be plac$ 9 brackets4 7#b7 ,p>tial views4 ,:5 necess>y1 a view ( a l>ge ma*9e or device 9 its entirety may be brok5 into p>tial views on a s+le %eet1 or ext5d$ ov] sev]al %eets if !re is no loss 9 facility ( und]/&+ ! view4 ,p>tial views drawn on sep>ate %eets mu/ always be capable ( be+ l9k$ edge to edge s t no p>tial view conta9s p>ts ( ano!r p>tial view4 ,a small] scale view %\ld be includ$ %[+ ! :ole =m$ by ! p>tial views & indicat+ ! positions ( ! p>ts %[n4 ,:5 a portion ( a view is enl>g$ = magnification purposes1 ! view & ! enl>g$ view mu/ ea* be label$ z sep>ate views4 7i7 ,:]e views on two or m %eets =m1 9 effect1 a s+le complete view1 ! views on ! sev]al %eets mu/ be s arrang$ t ! complete figure c be assembl$ )\t conceal+ any "p ( any ( ! views appe>+ on ! v>i\s %eets4 7ii7 ,a v long view may be divid$ into sev]al p>ts plac$ "o above ! o!r on a s+le %eet4 ,h[ev]1 ! relation%ip betwe5 ! diff]5t p>ts mu/ be cle> & unambigu\s4 7#c7 ,sectional views4 ,! plane ^u :i* a sectional view is tak5 %\ld be indicat$ on ! view f :i* ! section is cut by a brok5 l9e4 ,! ends ( ! brok5 l9e %\ld be designat$ by ,arabic or ,roman num]als correspond+ to ! view numb] ( ! sectional view1 & %\ld h arr[s to indicate ! direction ( sight4 ,hat*+ mu/ be us$ to indicate section portions ( an object1 & mu/ be made by regul>ly spac$ oblique p>allel l9es spac$ suffici5tly ap>t to enable ! l9es to be di/+ui%$ )\t difficulty4 ,hat*+ %\ld n imp$e ! cle> read+ ( ! ref]5ce *>act]s & lead l9es4 ,if x is n possible to place ref]5ce *>act]s outside ! hat*$ area1 ! hat*+ may be brok5 (f :]ev] ref]5ce *>act]s are ins]t$4 ,hat*+ mu/ be at a sub/antial angle to ! surr\nd+ axes or pr9cipal l9es1 pref]ably #de4 ,a cross section mu/ be set out & drawn to %[ all ( ! mat]ials z !y are %[n 9 ! view f :i* ! cross section 0 tak54 ,! p>ts 9 cross section mu/ %[ prop] mat]ial7s7 by hat*+ ) regul>ly spac$ p>allel oblique /rokes1 ! space betwe5 /rokes be+ *os5 on ! basis ( ! total area to be hat*$4 ,! v>i\s p>ts ( a cross section ( ! same item %\ld be hat*$ 9 ! same mann] & %\ld accurately & graphically indicate ! nature ( ! mat]ial7s7 t is illu/rat$ 9 cross section4 ,! hat*+ ( juxtapos$ diff]5t elem5ts mu/ be angl$ 9 a diff]5t way4 ,9 ! case ( l>ge areas1 hat*+ may be conf9$ to an edg+ drawn ar\nd ! entire inside ( ! outl9e ( ! area to be hat*$4 ,diff]5t types ( hat*+ %\ld h diff]5t conv5tional mean+s z reg>ds ! nature ( a mat]ial se5 9 cross section4 7#d7 ,alt]nate position4 ,a mov$ position may be %[n by a brok5 l9e sup]impos$ ^u a suitable view if ?is c be done )\t cr[d+2 o!rwise1 a sep>ate view mu/ be us$ = ?is purpose4 7#e7 ,modifi$ =ms4 ,modifi$ =ms ( con/ruction mu/ be %[n 9 sep>ate views4 7i7 ,arrangem5t ( views4 ,"o view mu/ n be plac$ ^u ano!r or )9 ! outl9e ( ano!r4 ,all views on ! same %eet %\ld /& 9 ! same direction &1 if possible1 /& s t !y c be read ) ! %eet held 9 an upright position4 ,if views wid] ?an ! wid? ( ! %eet are necess>y = ! cle>e/ illu/ration ( ! inv5tion1 ! %eet may be turn$ on its side s t ! top ( ! %eet1 ) ! appropriate top m>g9 to be us$ z ! head+ space1 is on ! "r-h& side4 ,words mu/ appe> 9 a horizontal1 left-to-"r fa%ion :5 ! page is ei!r upright or turn$ s t ! top becomes ! "r side1 except = graphs utiliz+ /&>d sci5tific conv5tion to d5ote ! axis ( abscissas 7( ,x7 & ! axis ( ord9ates 7( ,y74 7j7 ,view = ,(ficial ,gazette4 ,"o ( ! views %\ld be suitable = publication 9 ! ,(ficial ,gazette z ! illu/ration ( ! inv5tion4 7k7 ,scale4 7#a7 ,! scale to :i* a draw+ is made mu/ be l>ge en\gh to %[ ! me*anism )\t cr[d+ :5 ! draw+ is r$uc$ 9 size to two-?irds 9 reproduction4 ,views ( portions ( ! me*anism on a l>g] scale %\ld be us$ :5 necess>y to %[ details cle>ly4 ,two or m %eets may be us$ if "o does n give suffici5t room4 ,! numb] ( %eets %\ld be kept to a m9imum4 7#b7 ,:5 approv$ by ! exam9]1 ! scale ( ! draw+ may be graphically repres5t$4 ,indications su* z 8actual size0 or 8scale 0 on ! draw+s1 are n p]mitt$1 s9ce ^! lose _! mean+ ) reproduction 9 a diff]5t =mat4 7#c7 ,elem5ts ( ! same view mu/ be 9 proportion to ea* o!r1 unless a diff]5ce 9 proportion is indisp5sable = ! cl>ity ( ! view4 ,in/ead ( %[+ elem5ts 9 diff]5t proportion1 a supplem5t>y view may be add$ giv+ a l>g]-scale illu/ration ( ! elem5t ( ! initial view4 ,! enl>g$ elem5t %[n 9 ! second view %\ld be surr\nd$ by a f9ely drawn or 8dot-da%0 circle 9 ! fir/ view indicat+ its location )\t obscur+ ! view4 7l7 ,"* ( l9es1 numb]s1 & lett]s4 ,all draw+s mu/ be made by a process :i* w give !m satisfactory reproduction *>act]i/ics4 ,e l9e1 numb]1 & lett] mu/ be durable1 clean1 black 7except = color draw+s71 suffici5tly d5se & d>k1 & uni=mly ?ick & well-def9$4 ,! weight ( all l9es & lett]s mu/ be heavy en\gh to p]mit adequate reproduction4 ,?is requirem5t applies to all l9es h[ev] f9e1 to %ad+1 & to l9es repres5t+ cut surfaces 9 sectional views4 ,l9es & /rokes ( diff]5t ?icknesses may be us$ 9 ! same draw+ :]e diff]5t ?icknesses h a diff]5t mean+4 7m7 ,%ad+4 ,! use ( %ad+ 9 views is enc\rag$ if x aids 9 und]/&+ ! inv5tion & if x does n r$uce legibility4 ,%ad+ is us$ to indicate ! surface or %ape ( sph]ical1 cyl9drical1 & conical elem5ts ( an object4 ,flat p>ts may also be lightly %ad$4 ,su* %ad+ is pref]r$ 9 ! case ( p>ts %[n 9 p]spective1 b n = cross sections4 ,see p>agraph 7h77#c7 ( ?is section4 ,spac$ l9es = %ad+ are pref]r$4 ,^! l9es mu/ be ?91 z few 9 numb] z practicable1 & !y mu/ contra/ ) ! re/ ( ! draw+s4 ,z a sub/itute = %ad+1 heavy l9es on ! %ade side ( objects c be us$ except :]e !y sup]impose on ea* o!r or obscure ref]5ce *>act]s4 ,light %\ld come f ! upp] left corn] at an angle ( #de4 ,surface del9eations %\ld pref]ably be %[n by prop] %ad+4 ,solid black %ad+ areas are n p]mitt$1 except :5 us$ to repres5t b> graphs or color4 7n7 ,symbols4 ,graphical draw+ symbols may be us$ = conv5tional elem5ts :5 appropriate4 ,! elem5ts = :i* su* symbols & label$ repres5tations are us$ mu/ be adequately id5tifi$ 9 ! specification4 ,kn[n devices %\ld be illu/rat$ by symbols :i* h a univ]sally recogniz$ conv5tional mean+ & are g5]ally accept$ 9 ! art4 ,o!r symbols :i* are n univ]sally recogniz$ may be us$1 subject to approval by ! ,(fice1 if !y are n likely to be confus$ ) exi/+ conv5tional symbols1 & if !y are readily id5tifiable4 7o7 ,leg5ds4 ,suitable descriptive leg5ds may be us$1 or may be requir$ by ! ,exam9]1 :]e necess>y = und]/&+ ( ! draw+1 subject to approval by ! ,(fice4 ,!y %\ld conta9 z few words z possible4 7p7 ,numb]s1 ,lett]s1 & ref]5ce *>act]s4 7#a7 ,ref]5ce *>act]s 7num]als are pref]r$71 %eet numb]s1 & view numb]s mu/ be pla9 & legible1 & mu/ n be us$ 9 association ) brackets or inv]t$ commas1 or enclos$ )9 outl9es1 e4g41 encircl$4 ,!y mu/ be ori5t$ 9 ! same direction z ! view s z to avoid hav+ to rotate ! %eet4 ,ref]5ce *>act]s %\ld be arrang$ to foll[ ! pr(ile ( ! object depict$4 7#b7 ,! ,engli% alphabet mu/ be us$ = lett]s1 except :]e ano!r alphabet is cu/om>ily us$1 su* z ! ,greek alphabet to indicate angles1 wavel5g?s1 & ma!matical =mulas4 7#c7 ,numb]s1 lett]s1 & ref]5ce *>act]s mu/ measure at lea/ 4#cb cm4 7 in*7 9 height4 ,!y %\ld n be plac$ 9 ! draw+ s z to int]f]e ) its compreh5sion4 ,!re=e1 !y %\ld n cross or m+le ) ! l9es4 ,!y %\ld n be plac$ ^u hat*$ or %ad$ surfaces4 ,:5 necess>y1 su* z indicat+ a surface or cross section1 a ref]5ce "* may be und]l9$ & a blank space may be left 9 ! hat*+ or %ad+ :]e ! "* occurs s t x appe>s di/9ct4 7#d7 ,! same "p ( an inv5tion appe>+ 9 m ?an "o view ( ! draw+ mu/ always be designat$ by ! same ref]5ce "*1 & ! same ref]5ce "* mu/ nev] be us$ to designate diff]5t p>ts4 7#e7 ,ref]5ce *>act]s n m5tion$ 9 ! description %all n appe> 9 ! draw+s4 ,ref]5ce *>act]s m5tion$ 9 ! description mu/ appe> 9 ! draw+s4 7q7 ,lead l9es4 ,lead l9es are ^? l9es betwe5 ! ref]5ce *>act]s & ! details ref]r$ to4 ,su* l9es may be /raight or curv$ & %\ld be z %ort z possible4 ,!y mu/ orig9ate 9 ! imm$iate proximity ( ! ref]5ce "* & ext5d to ! feature indicat$4 ,lead l9es mu/ n cross ea* o!r4 ,lead l9es are requir$ = ea* ref]5ce "* except = ^? :i* indicate ! surface or cross section on :i* !y are plac$4 ,su* a ref]5ce "* mu/ be und]l9$ to make x cle> t a lead l9e has n be5 left out by mi/ake4 ,lead l9es mu/ be execut$ 9 ! same way z l9es 9 ! draw+4 ,see p>agraph 7#a7 ( ?is section4 7r7 ,arr[s4 ,arr[s may be us$ at ! ends ( l9es1 provid$ t _! mean+ is cle>1 z foll[s3 7#a7 ,on a lead l9e1 a free/&+ arr[ to indicate ! entire section t[>ds :i* x po9ts2 7#b7 ,on a lead l9e1 an arr[ t\*+ a l9e to indicate ! surface %[n by ! l9e look+ along ! direction ( ! arr[2 or 7#c7 ,to %[ ! direction ( movem5t4 7s7 ,copyright or ,mask ,"w ,notice4 ,a copyright or mask "w notice may appe> 9 ! draw+1 b mu/ be plac$ )9 ! sight ( ! draw+ imm$iately bel[ ! figure repres5t+ ! copyright or mask "w mat]ial & be limit$ to lett]s hav+ a pr9t size ( 4#cb cm4 to 4#fd cm4 7 to in*es7 high4 ,! cont5t ( ! notice mu/ be limit$ to only ^? elem5ts provid$ = by law4 ,= example1 8e#aihc ,john ,doe0 7#ag ,u4,s4,c4 #dja7 & 899,m99 ,john ,doe0 7#ag ,u4,s4,c4 #iji7 w\ld be prop]ly limit$ &1 "u curr5t /atutes1 legally suffici5t notices ( copyright & mask "w1 respectively4 ,inclusion ( a copyright or mask "w notice w be p]mitt$ only if ! au?orization language set =? 9 w #a4ga7;e7 is includ$ at ! beg9n+ 7pref]ably z ! fir/ p>agraph7 ( ! specification4 7t7 ,numb]+ ( %eets ( draw+s4 ,! %eets ( draw+s %\ld be numb]$ 9 consecutive ,arabic num]als1 />t+ ) #a1 )9 ! sight z def9$ 9 p>agraph 7g7 ( ?is section4 ,^! numb]s1 if pres5t1 mu/ be plac$ 9 ! middle ( ! top ( ! %eet1 b n 9 ! m>g94 ,! numb]s c be plac$ on ! "r-h& side if ! draw+ ext5ds too close to ! middle ( ! top edge ( ! usable surface4 ,! draw+ %eet numb]+ mu/ be cle> & l>g] ?an ! numb]s us$ z ref]5ce *>act]s to avoid confusion4 ,! numb] ( ea* %eet %\ld be %[n by two ,arabic num]als plac$ on ei!r side ( an oblique l9e1 ) ! fir/ be+ ! %eet numb] & ! second be+ ! total numb] ( %eets ( draw+s1 ) no o!r m>k+4 7u7 ,numb]+ ( views4 7#a7 ,! diff]5t views mu/ be numb]$ 9 consecutive ,arabic num]als1 />t+ ) #a1 indep5d5t ( ! numb]+ ( ! %eets &1 if possible1 9 ! ord] 9 :i* !y appe> on ! draw+ %eet7s74 ,p>tial views int5d$ to =m "o complete view1 on "o or sev]al %eets1 mu/ be id5tifi$ by ! same numb] foll[$ by a capital lett]4 ,view numb]s mu/ be prec$$ by ! abbreviation 8,,fig40 ,:]e only a s+le view is us$ 9 an application to illu/rate ! claim$ inv5tion1 x mu/ n be numb]$ & ! abbreviation 8,,fig40 mu/ n appe>4 7#b7 ,numb]s & lett]s id5tify+ ! views mu/ be simple & cle> & mu/ n be us$ 9 association ) brackets1 circles1 or inv]t$ commas4 ,! view numb]s mu/ be l>g] ?an ! numb]s us$ = ref]5ce *>act]s4 7v7 ,security m>k+s4 ,au?oriz$ security m>k+s may be plac$ on ! draw+s provid$ !y are outside ! sight1 pref]ably c5t]$ 9 ! top m>g94 7w7 ,corrections4 ,any corrections on draw+s submitt$ to ! ,(fice mu/ be durable & p]man5t4 7x7 ,holes4 ,no holes %\ld be made by applicant 9 ! draw+ %eets4 ,! requirem5ts relat+ to draw+s are /rictly en=c$1 b a draw+ n comply+ ) all ( ! regulations may be accept$ = purpose ( exam9ation1 & correction or a new draw+ w be requir$ lat]4 ,applicants are advis$ to employ compet5t draftsm5 to make _! draw+s4 ,models1 ,exhibits1 ,specim5s ,models are n requir$ 9 mo/ pat5t applications s9ce ! description ( ! inv5tion 9 ! specification & ! draw+s mu/ be suffici5tly full1 cle>1 & complete & capable ( be+ und]/ood to disclose ! inv5tion )\t ! aid ( a model4 ,a model w n be admitt$ unless specifically reque/$ by ! exam9]4 ,a work+ model1 or o!r physical exhibit1 may be requir$ by ! ,(fice if deem$ necess>y4 ,?is is n done v (t54 ,a work+ model may be reque/$ 9 ! case ( applications = pat5t = alleg$ p]petual motion devices4 ,:5 ! inv5tion relates to a composition ( matt]1 ! applicant may be requir$ to furni% specim5s ( ! composition1 or ( its +r$i5ts or int]m$iates1 = inspection or exp]im5t4 ,if ! inv5tion is a microbiological inv5tion1 a deposit ( ! micro-organism involv$ is requir$4 ,exam9ation ( ,applications & ,proce$+s 9 ! ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,(fice ,applications1 o!r ?an provisional applications1 fil$ 9 ! ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,(fice & accept$ z complete applications are assign$ = exam9ation to ! respective exam9+ gr\ps hav+ *>ge ( ! areas ( te*nology relat$ to ! inv5tion4 ,9 ! exam9+ gr\p1 applications are tak5 up = exam9ation by ! exam9] to :om !y h be5 assign$ 9 ! ord] 9 :i* !y h be5 fil$ or 9 accordance ) exam9+ proc$ures e/abli%$ by ! ,commission]4 ,applications w n be advanc$ out ( turn = exam9ation or = fur!r action except z provid$ by ! rules1 or ^u ord] ( ! ,commission] to exp$ite ! bus9ess ( ! ,(fice1 or ^u a v]ifi$ %[+ :i*1 9 ! op9ion ( ! ,commission]1 w ju/ify advanc+ !m4 ,! exam9ation ( ! application consi/s ( a /udy ( ! application = compliance ) ! legal requirem5ts & a se>* ?r\gh ,unit$ ,/ates pat5ts1 =eign pat5t docum5ts1 & available lit]ature1 to see if ! claim$ inv5tion is new & nonobvi\s4 ,a decision is rea*$ by ! exam9] 9 ! light ( ! /udy & ! result ( ! se>*4 ,z a result ( ! exam9ation by ! ,(fice1 pat5ts are grant$ 9 ! case ( ab\t two out ( e ?ree applications = pat5ts :i* are fil$4 ,(fice ,action ,! applicant is notifi$ 9 writ+ ( ! exam9]'s decision by an 8action0 :i* is normally mail$ to ! attorney or ag5t ( record4 ,! reasons = any adv]se action or any objection or requirem5t are /at$ 9 ! action & su* in=mation or ref]5ces are giv5 z may be useful 9 aid+ ! applicant to judge ! propriety ( cont9u+ ! prosecution ( 8_/h] application4 ,if ! claim$ inv5tion is n direct$ to pat5table subject matt]1 ! claims w be reject$4 ,if ! exam9] f9ds t ! claim$ inv5tion lacks novelty or diff]s only 9 an obvi\s mann] f :at is f\nd 9 ! prior art1 ! claims may also be reject$4 ,x is n uncommon = "s or all ( ! claims to be reject$ on ! fir/ (fice action by ! exam9]1 relatively few applications are all[$ z fil$4 ,applicant's ,response ,! applicant mu/ reque/ reconsid]ation 9 writ+1 & mu/ di/9ctly & specifically po9t out ! suppos$ errors 9 ! exam9]'s action4 ,! applicant mu/ respond to e gr\nd ( objection & rejection 9 ! prior ,(fice action 7except t a reque/ may be made t objections or requirem5ts z to =m n necess>y to fur!r consid]ation ( ! claims be held 9 abeyance until all[able subject matt] is indicat$74 ,! applicant's action mu/ appe> ?r\gh\t to be a bona fide attempt to advance ! case to f9al action4 ,! m]e allegation t ! exam9] has err$ w n be receiv$ z a prop] reason = su* reconsid]ation4 ,9 am5d+ an application 9 response to a rejection1 ! applicant mu/ cle>ly po9t out :y he_/%e ?9ks ! am5d$ claims are pat5table 9 view ( ! /ate ( ! art disclos$ by ! prior ref]5ces cit$ or ! objections made4 ,he_/%e mu/ also %[ h[ ! claims z am5d$ avoid su* ref]5ces or objections4 ,aft] response by ! applicant ! application w be reconsid]$1 & ! applicant w be notifi$ z to ! /atus ( ! claims1 t is1 :e!r ! claims are reject$1 or object$ to1 or :e!r ! claims are all[$1 9 ! same mann] z aft] ! fir/ exam9ation4 ,! second ,(fice action usually w be made f9al4 ,f9al ,rejection ,on ! second or lat] consid]ation1 ! rejection or o!r action may be made f9al4 ,! applicant's response is !n limit$ to appeal 9 ! case ( rejection ( any claim & fur!r am5dm5t is re/rict$4 ,petition may be tak5 to ! ,commission] 9 ! case ( objections or requirem5ts n involv$ 9 ! rejection ( any claim4 ,response to a f9al rejection or action mu/ include cancellation (1 or appeal f ! rejection (1 ea* claim s reject$ &1 if any claim /&s all[$1 compliance ) any requirem5t or objection z to =m4 ,9 mak+ su* f9al rejection1 ! exam9] repeats or /ates all gr\nds ( rejection !n consid]$ applicable to ! claims 9 ! application4 ,int]views ) exam9]s may be arrang$1 b an int]view does n remove ! necessity = response to ,(fice actions )9 ! requir$ "t1 & ! action ( ! ,(fice is bas$ solely on ! writt5 record4 ,re/rictions ,if two or m inv5tions are claim$ 9 a s+le application1 & are reg>d$ by ! ,(fice to be ( su* a nature t a s+le pat5t %\ld n be issu$ = bo? ( !m1 ! applicant w be requir$ to limit ! application to "o ( ! inv5tions4 ,! o!r inv5tion may be made ! subject ( a sep>ate application :i*1 if fil$ :ile ! fir/ application is /ill p5d+1 w be entitl$ to ! b5efit ( ! fil+ date ( ! fir/ application4 ,a requirem5t to re/rict ! application to "o inv5tion may be made be=e fur!r action by ! exam9]4 ,am5dm5ts to ,application ,foll[+ are "s details conc]n+ am5dm5ts to ! application3 ,! applicant may am5d be=e or aft] ! fir/ exam9ation & action z specifi$ 9 ! rules1 or :5 & z specifically requir$ by ! exam9]4 ,aft] f9al rejection or action1 am5dm5ts may be made cancel+ claims or comply+ ) any requirem5t ( =m :i* has be5 made b ! admission ( any su* am5dm5t or its refusal1 & any proce$+s relative !reto1 %all n op]ate to relieve ! application f its condition z subject to appeal or to save x f ab&onm5t4 ,if am5dm5ts t\*+ ! m]its ( ! application are pres5t$ aft] f9al rejection1 or aft] appeal has be5 tak51 or :5 su* am5dm5t might n o!rwise be prop]1 !y may be admitt$ ^u a %[+ ( good & suffici5t reasons :y !y are necess>y & 7 n e>li] pres5t$4 ,no am5dm5t c be made z a matt] ( "r 9 appeal$ cases4 ,aft] decision on appeal1 am5dm5ts c only be made z provid$ 9 ! rules4 ,! specifications1 claims1 & draw+ mu/ be am5d$ & revis$ :5 requir$1 to correct inaccuracies ( description & def9ition or unnecess>y words1 & to secure correspond5ce betwe5 ! claims1 ! description1 & ! draw+4 ,all am5dm5ts ( ! draw+s or specifications1 & all additions !reto mu/ n include new matt] beyond ! orig9al disclosure4 ,matt] n f\nd 9 ei!r1 involv+ a dep>ture f or an addition to ! orig9al disclosure1 _c be add$ to ! application ev5 ?\gh support$ by a supplem5tal oa? or decl>ation1 & c be %[n or claim$ only 9 a sep>ate application4 ,! claims may be am5d$ by cancel+ p>ticul> claims1 by pres5t+ new claims1 or by am5d+ ! language ( p>ticul> claims 7su* am5d$ claims be+ 9 effect new claims74 ,9 pres5t+ new or am5d$ claims1 ! applicant mu/ po9t out h[ !y avoid any ref]5ce or gr\nd rejection ( record :i* may be p]t95t4 ,erasures1 additions1 ins]tions1 or alt]ations ( ! pap]s & records mu/ n be made by ! applicant4 ,am5dm5ts are made by fil+ a pap]1 direct+ or reque/+ t specifi$ *anges or additions be made4 ,! exact ^w or words to be /rick5 out or ins]t$ 9 ! application mu/ be specifi$ & ! precise po9t indicat$ :]e ! deletion or ins]tion is to be made4 ,am5dm5ts are 8ent]$0 by ! ,(fice by mak+ ! propos$ deletions by draw+ a l9e 9 r$ ink ?r\gh ! ^w or words cancel$ & by mak+ ! propos$ sub/itutions or ins]tions 9 r$ ink4 ,small ins]tions are writt5 9 at ! designat$ place & l>g] ins]tions are indicat$ by ref]5ce4 ,no *ange 9 ! draw+ may be made except by p]mission ( ! ,(fice4 ,*anges 9 ! con/ruction %[n 9 any draw+ may be made only by submitt+ new draw+s4 ,a sket* 9 p]man5t ink %[+ propos$ *anges1 to become "p ( ! record1 mu/ be fil$ = approval by ! ,(fice be=e ! new draw+s are fil$4 ,! pap] reque/+ am5dm5ts to ! draw+ %\ld be sep>ate f o!r pap]s4 ,if ! numb] or nature ( ! am5dm5ts r5d] x difficult to consid] ! case1 or to arrange ! pap]s = pr9t+ or copy+1 ! exam9] may require ! entire specification or claims1 or any "p !re(1 to be rewritt54 ,! orig9al numb]+ ( ! claims mu/ be pres]v$ ?r\gh\t ! prosecution4 ,:5 claims are cancel$1 ! rema9+ claims mu/ n be r5umb]$4 ,:5 claims are add$ by am5dm5t or sub/itut$ = cancel$ claims1 !y mu/ be numb]$ by ! applicant consecutively beg9n+ ) ! numb] next foll[+ ! highe/ numb]$ claim previ\sly pres5t$4 ,:5 ! application is ready = all[ance1 ! exam9]1 if necess>y1 w r5umb] ! claims consecutively 9 ! ord] 9 :i* !y appe> or 9 su* ord] z may h be5 reque/$ by applicant4 ,"t = ,response & ,ab&onm5t ,! response ( an applicant to an action by ! ,(fice mu/ be made )9 a prescrib$ "t limit4 ,! maximum p]iod = response is set at #f mon?s by ! /atute :i* also provides t ! ,commission] may %ort5 ! "t = reply to n less ?an #cj days4 ,! usual p]iod = response to an ,(fice action is #c mon?s4 ,a %ort5$ "t = reply may be ext5d$ up to ! maximum #f-mon? p]iod4 ,an ext5sion ( "t fee is normally requir$ to be paid if ! response p]iod is ext5d$4 ,! am\nt ( ! fee is dep5d5t ^u ! l5g? ( ! ext5sion4 ,if no reply is receiv$ )9 ! "t p]iod1 ! application is consid]$ z ab&on$ & no long] p5d+4 ,h[ev]1 if x c be %[n t ! failure to prosecute 0 unavoidable or un9t5tional1 ! application may be reviv$ by ! ,commission]4 ,! revival requires a petition to ! ,commission]1 & a fee = ! petition1 :i* %\ld be fil$ )\t delay4 ,! prop] response mu/ also accompany ! petition if x has n yet be5 fil$4 ,appeal to ! ,bo>d ( ,pat5t ,appeals & ,int]f]5ces & to ! ,c\rts ,if ! exam9] p]si/s 9 ! rejection ( any ( ! claims 9 an application1 or if ! rejection has be5 made f9al1 ! applicant may appeal to ! ,bo>d ( ,pat5t ,appeals & ,int]f]5ces 9 ! ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,(fice4 ,! ,bo>d ( ,pat5t ,appeals & ,int]f]5ces consi/s ( ! ,commission] ( ,pat5ts & ,tradem>ks1 ! ,deputy ,commission]1 ! ,assi/ant ,commission]s1 & ! adm9i/rative pat5t judges1 b normally ea* appeal is he>d by only ?ree memb]s4 ,an appeal fee is requir$ & ! applicant mu/ file a brief to support 8_/h] position4 ,an oral he>+ w be held if reque/$ ^u paym5t ( ! specifi$ fee4 ,z an alt]native to appeal1 9 situations :]e an applicant desires consid]ation ( diff]5t claims or fur!r evid5ce1 a new cont9uation application is (t5 fil$4 ,! new application requires a fil+ fee & %\ld submit ! claims & evid5ce = :i* consid]ation is desir$4 ,if x is fil$ be=e expiration ( ! p]iod = appeal & specific ref]5ce is made !re9 to ! e>li] application1 applicant w be entitl$ to ! e>li] fil+ date = subject matt] common to bo? applications4 ,if ! decision ( ! ,bo>d ( ,pat5t ,appeals & ,int]f]5ces is /ill adv]se to ! applicant1 an appeal may be tak5 to ! ,c\rt ( ,appeals = ! ,f$]al ,circuit or a civil action may be fil$ aga9/ ! ,commission] 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,di/rict ,c\rt = ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 ,! ,c\rt ( ,appeals = ! ,f$]al ,circuit w review ! record made 9 ! ,(fice & may affirm or rev]se ! ,(fice's action4 ,9 a civil action1 ! applicant may pres5t te/imony 9 ! c\rt1 & ! c\rt w make a decision4 ,int]f]5ces ,occasionally two or m applications are fil$ by diff]5t inv5tors claim+ sub/antially ! same pat5table inv5tion4 ,! pat5t c only be grant$ to "o ( !m1 & a proce$+ kn[n z an 8int]f]5ce0 is in/itut$ by ! ,(fice to det]m9e :o is ! fir/ inv5tor & entitl$ to ! pat5t4 ,ab\t "o p]c5t ( ! applications fil$ become involv$ 9 an int]f]5ce proce$+4 ,int]f]5ce proce$+s may also be in/itut$ betwe5 an application & a pat5t already issu$1 provid$ ! pat5t has n be5 issu$ = m ?an "o ye> prior to ! fil+ ( ! conflict+ application1 & provid$ t ! conflict+ application is n b>r$ f be+ pat5table = "s o!r reason4 ,ea* p>ty to su* a proce$+ mu/ submit evid5ce ( facts prov+ :5 ! inv5tion 0 made4 ,9 view ( ! necessity ( prov+ ! v>i\s facts & circum/ances conc]n+ ! mak+ ( ! inv5tion dur+ an int]f]5ce1 inv5tors mu/ be able to produce evid5ce to d ?is4 ,if no evid5ce is submitt$ a p>ty is re/rict$ to ! date ( fil+ ! application z 8_/h] e>lie/ date4 ,! priority "q is det]m9$ by a bo>d ( ?ree adm9i/rative pat5t judges on ! evid5ce submitt$4 ,f ! decision ( ! ,bo>d ( ,pat5t ,appeals & ,int]f]5ces1 ! los+ p>ty may appeal to ! ,c\rt ( ,appeals = ! ,f$]al ,circuit or file a civil action aga9/ ! w9n+ p>ty 9 ! appropriate ,unit$ ,/ates di/rict c\rt4 ,! t]ms 8conception ( ! inv5tion0 & 8r$uction to practice0 are enc\nt]$ 9 connection ) priority que/ions4 ,conception ( ! inv5tion ref]s to ! completion ( ! devis+ ( ! means = accompli%+ ! result4 ,r$uction to practice ref]s to ! actual con/ruction ( ! inv5tion 9 physical =m3 9 ! case ( a ma*9e x includes ! actual build+ ( ! ma*9e1 9 ! case ( an article or composition x includes ! actual mak+ ( ! article or composition1 9 ! case ( a process x includes ! actual c>ry+ out ( ! /eps ( ! process4 ,actual op]ation1 demon/ration1 or te/+ = ! int5d$ use is also usually necess>y4 ,! fil+ ( a regul> application = pat5t completely disclos+ ! inv5tion is treat$ z equival5t to r$uction to practice4 ,! inv5tor :o proves to be ! fir/ to conceive ! inv5tion & ! fir/ to r$uce x to practice w be held to be ! prior inv5tor1 b m complicat$ situations _c be /at$ ?is simply4 ,all[ance & ,issue ( ,pat5t ,if1 on exam9ation ( ! application1 or at a lat] /age dur+ ! reconsid]ation ( ! application1 ! pat5t application is f\nd to be all[able1 a notice ( all[ance w be s5t to ! applicant1 or to applicant's attorney or ag5t ( record1 if any1 & a fee = issu+ ! pat5t is due )9 ?ree mon?s f ! date ( ! notice4 ,if timely paym5t ( ! issue fee is n made1 ! application w be reg>d$ z ab&on$4 ,see curr5t fee s*$ule4 ,a provision is made 9 ! /atute :]eby ! ,commission] may accept ! fee late1 :5 ! delay is %[n to be unavoidable4 ,:5 ! issue fee is paid1 ! pat5t issues z soon z possible aft] ! date ( paym5t1 dep5d5t ^u ! volume ( pr9t+ on h&4 ,! pat5t grant !n is deliv]$ or mail$ on ! day ( its grant1 or z soon !reaft] z possible1 to ! inv5tor's attorney or ag5t if !re is "o ( record1 o!rwise directly to ! inv5tor4 ,on ! date ( ! grant1 ! pat5t file becomes op5 to ! public4 ,pr9t$ copies ( ! specification & draw+ are available on ! same date4 ,9 case ! publication ( an inv5tion by ! grant+ ( a pat5t w\ld be detrim5tal to ! national def5se1 ! pat5t law gives ! ,commission] ! p[] to )hold ! grant ( ! pat5t & to ord] ! inv5tion kept secret = su* p]iod ( "t z ! national int]e/ requires4 ,nature ( ,pat5t & ,pat5t ,rights ,! pat5t is issu$ 9 ! "n ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates "u ! seal ( ! ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,(fice1 & is ei!r sign$ by ! ,commission] ( ,pat5ts & ,tradem>ks or has 8 "n writt5 !reon & atte/$ by an ,(fice (ficial4 ,! pat5t conta9s a grant to ! pat5tee1 & a pr9t$ copy ( ! specification & draw+ is annex$ to ! pat5t & =ms a "p ( x4 ,! grant conf]s 8! "r to exclude o!rs f mak+1 us+1 (f]+ = sale or sell+ ! inv5tion ?r\gh\t ! ,unit$ ,/ates or import+ ! inv5tion into ! ,unit$ ,/ates0 & its t]ritories & possessions = :i* ! t]m ( ! pat5t %all be #bj ye>s f ! date on :i* ! application = ! pat5t 0 fil$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates or1 if ! application conta9s a specific ref]5ce to an e>li] fil$ application "u #ce ,u4,s4,c4 #abj1 #aba or #cfe7;c71 f ! date ( ! e>lie/ su* application 0 fil$1 & subject to ! paym5t ( ma9t5ance fees z provid$ by law4 ,! exact nature ( ! "r conf]r$ mu/ be c>efully di/+ui%$1 & ! key is 9 ! words 8"r to exclude0 9 ! phrase j quot$4 ,! pat5t does n grant ! "r to make1 use1 (f] = sale or sell or import ! inv5tion b only grants ! exclusive nature ( ! "r4 ,any p]son is ord9>ily free to make1 use1 (f] = sale or sell or import any?+ he_/%e pleases1 & a grant f ! ,gov]nm5t is n necess>y4 ,! pat5t only grants ! "r to exclude o!rs f mak+1 us+1 (f]+ = sale or sell+ or import+ ! inv5tion4 ,s9ce ! pat5t does n grant ! "r to make1 use1 (f] = sale1 or sell1 or import ! inv5tion1 ! pat5tee's own "r to d s is dep5d5t ^u ! rights ( o!rs & :atev] g5]al laws might be applicable4 ,a pat5tee1 m]ely because he_/%e has receiv$ a pat5t = an inv5tion1 is n !reby au?oriz$ to make1 use1 (f] = sale1 or sell1 or import ! inv5tion if do+ s w\ld violate any law4 ,an inv5tor ( a new automobile :o has obta9$ a pat5t !reon w\ld n be entitl$ to use ! pat5t$ automobile 9 violation ( ! laws ( a ,/ate requir+ a lic5se1 nor may a pat5tee sell an article1 ! sale ( :i* may be =bidd5 by a law1 m]ely because a pat5t has be5 obta9$4 ,nei!r may a pat5tee make1 use1 (f] = sale1 or sell1 or import 8_/h] own inv5tion if do+ s w\ld infr+e ! prior rights ( o!rs4 ,a pat5tee may n violate ! ,f$]al antitru/ laws1 su* z by resale price agreem5ts or ent]+ into comb9ation 9 re/ra9ts ( trade1 or ! pure food & drug laws1 by virtue ( hav+ a pat5t4 ,ord9>ily !re is no?+ :i* prohibits a pat5tee f mak+1 us+1 (f]+ = sale1 or sell+1 or import+ 8_/h] own inv5tion1 unless he_/%e !reby infr+es ano!r's pat5t :i* is /ill 9 =ce4 ,! t]m ( ! pat5t %all be #bj ye>s f ! date on :i* ! application = ! pat5t 0 fil$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates or1 if ! application conta9s a specific ref]5ce to an e>li] fil$ application "u #ce ,u4,s4,c4 #abj1 #aba or #cfe7;c71 f ! date ( ! e>lie/ su* application 0 fil$1 & subject to ! paym5t ( ma9t5ance fees z provid$ by law4 ,a ma9t5ance fee is due #c1 #g & #aa ye>s aft] ! orig9al grant = all pat5ts issu+ f ! applications fil$ on & aft] ,decemb] #ab1 #aihj4 ,! ma9t5ance fee mu/ be paid at ! /ipulat$ times to ma9ta9 ! pat5t 9 =ce4 ,aft] ! pat5t has expir$ anyone may make1 use1 (f] = sale or sell or import ! inv5tion )\t p]mission ( ! pat5tee1 provid$ t matt] cov]$ by o!r unexpir$ pat5ts is n us$4 ,! t]ms may be ext5d$ = c]ta9 ,ph>maceuticals & = c]ta9 circum/ances z provid$ by law4 ,ma9t5ance ,fees ,all utility pat5ts :i* issue f applications fil$ on & aft] ,decemb] #ab1 #aihj are subject to ! paym5t ( ma9t5ance fees :i* mu/ be paid to ma9ta9 ! pat5t 9 =ce4 ,^! fees are due at #c1 #g & #aa ye>s f ! date ! pat5t is grant$ & c be paid )\t a sur*>ge dur+ ! 8w9d[-p]iod0 :i* is ! six mon? p]iod prec$+ ea* due date1 e4g41 #c ye>s to #c ye>s & six mon?s4 7,see fee s*$ule = a li/ ( ma9t5ance fees47 ,failure to pay ! curr5t ma9t5ance fee on "t may result 9 expiration ( ! pat5t4 ,a #f-mon? grace p]iod is provid$ :5 ! ma9t5ance fee may be paid ) a sur*>ge4 ,! grace p]iod is ! #f-mon? p]iod imm$iately foll[+ ! due date4 ,! ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,(fice does n mail notices to pat5t own]s t ma9t5ance fees are due4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! ma9t5ance fee is n paid on "t1 ef=ts are made to rem9d ! responsible p>ty t ! ma9t5ance fee may be paid dur+ ! grace p]iod ) a sur*>ge4 ,pat5ts relat+ to "s ph>maceutical inv5tions may be ext5d$ by ! ,commission] = up to five ye>s to comp5sate = m>ket+ delays due to ,f$]al prem>ket+ regulatory proc$ures4 ,pat5ts relat+ to all o!r types ( inv5tions may be ext5d$ = c]ta9 circum/ances z provid$ by law4 ,correction ( ,pat5ts ,once ! pat5t is grant$1 x is outside ! jurisdiction ( ! ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,(fice except 9 a few respects4 ,! ,(fice may issue )\t *>ge a c]tificate correct+ a cl]ical error x has made 9 ! pat5t :5 ! pr9t$ pat5t does n correspond to ! record 9 ! ,(fice4 ,^! are mo/ly corrections ( typographical errors made 9 pr9t+4 ,"s m9or errors ( a typographical nature made by ! applicant may be correct$ by a c]tificate ( correction = :i* a fee is requir$4 ,! pat5tee may disclaim "o or m claims ( 8_/h] pat5t by fil+ 9 ! ,(fice a disclaim] z provid$ by ! /atute4 ,:5 ! pat5t is defective 9 c]ta9 respects1 ! law provides t ! pat5tee may apply = a reissue pat5t4 ,?is is a pat5t grant$ to replace ! orig9al & is grant$ only = ! balance ( ! unexpir$ t]m4 ,h[ev]1 ! nature ( ! *anges t c be made by means ( ! reissue are r limit$2 new matt] _c be add$4 ,any p]son may file a reque/ = reexam9ation ( a pat5t1 along ) ! requir$ fee1 on ! basis ( prior art consi/+ ( pat5ts or pr9t$ publications4 ,at ! conclusion ( ! reexam9ation proce$+s1 a c]tificate sett+ =? ! results ( ! reexam9ation proce$+ is issu$4 ,assignm5ts & ,lic5ses ,a pat5t is p]sonal prop]ty & may be sold to o!rs or mortgag$2 x may be bequea!d by a w1 & x may pass to ! heirs ( a deceas$ pat5tee4 ,! pat5t law provides = ! transf] or sale ( a pat5t1 or ( an application = pat5t1 by an in/rum5t 9 writ+4 ,su* an in/rum5t is ref]r$ to z an assignm5t & may transf] ! entire int]e/ 9 ! pat5t4 ,! assignee1 :5 ! pat5t is assign$ to him or h]1 becomes ! own] ( ! pat5t & has ! same rights t ! orig9al pat5tee _h4 ,! /atute also provides = ! assignm5t ( a "p int]e/1 t is1 a half int]e/1 a f\r? int]e/1 etc41 9 a pat5t4 ,!re may also be a grant :i* conveys ! same "* ( int]e/ z an assignm5t b only = a p>ticul>ly specifi$ "p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,a mortgage ( pat5t prop]ty passes own]%ip !re( to ! mortgagee or l5d] until ! mortgage has be5 satisfi$ & a retransf] f ! mortgagee back to ! mortgagor1 ! borr[]1 is made4 ,a conditional assignm5t also passes own]%ip ( ! pat5t & is reg>d$ z absolute until cancel$ by ! p>ties or by ! decree ( a compet5t c\rt4 ,an assignm5t1 grant1 or conveyance ( any pat5t or application = pat5t %\ld be ackn[l$g$ be=e a not>y public or (fic] au?oriz$ to adm9i/] oa?s or p]=m not>ial acts4 ,! c]tificate ( su* ackn[l$gm5t con/itutes prima facie evid5ce ( ! execution ( ! assignm5t1 grant1 or conveyance4 ,record+ ( ,assignm5ts ,! ,(fice records assignm5ts1 grants1 & simil> in/rum5ts s5t to x = record+1 & ! record+ s]ves z notice4 ,if an assignm5t1 grant1 or conveyance ( a pat5t or an int]e/ 9 a pat5t 7or an application = pat5t7 is n record$ 9 ! ,(fice )9 ?ree mon?s f its date1 x is void aga9/ a subsequ5t pur*as] = a valuable consid]ation )\t notice1 unless x is record$ prior to ! subsequ5t pur*ase4 ,an in/rum5t relat+ to a pat5t %\ld id5tify ! pat5t by numb] & date 7! "n ( ! inv5tor & title ( ! inv5tion z /at$ 9 ! pat5t %\ld also be giv574 ,an in/rum5t relat+ to an application %\ld id5tify ! application by its application numb] & date ( fil+1 ! "n ( ! inv5tor1 & title ( ! inv5tion z /at$ 9 ! application %\ld also be giv54 ,sometimes an assignm5t ( an application is execut$ at ! same "t t ! application is prep>$ & be=e x has be5 fil$ 9 ! ,(fice4 ,su* assignm5t %\ld adequately id5tify ! application1 z by its date ( execution & "n ( ! inv5tor & title ( ! inv5tion1 s t !re c be no mi/ake z to ! application int5d$4 ,if an application has be5 assign$ & ! assignm5t is record$1 on or be=e ! date ! issue fee is paid1 ! pat5t w be issu$ to ! assignee z own]4 ,if ! assignm5t is ( a "p int]e/ only1 ! pat5t w be issu$ to ! inv5tor & assignee z jo9t own]s4 ,jo9t ,own]%ip ,pat5ts may be own$ jo9tly by two or m p]sons z 9 ! case ( a pat5t grant$ to jo9t inv5tors1 or 9 ! case ( ! assignm5t ( a "p int]e/ 9 a pat5t4 ,any jo9t own] ( a pat5t1 no matt] h[ small ! "p int]e/1 may make1 use1 (f] = sale & sell & import ! inv5tion = 8 or h] own pr(it provid$ !y d n infr+e ano!r's pat5t rights1 )\t reg>d to ! o!r own]s1 & may sell ! int]e/ or any "p ( x1 or grant lic5ses to o!rs1 )\t reg>d to ! o!r jo9t own]1 unless ! jo9t own]s h made a contract gov]n+ _! relation to ea* o!r4 ,x is accord+ly dang]\s to assign a "p int]e/ )\t a def9ite agreem5t betwe5 ! p>ties z to ! ext5t ( _! respective rights & _! obligations to ea* o!r if ! above result is to be avoid$4 ,! own] ( a pat5t may grant lic5ses to o!rs4 ,s9ce ! pat5tee has ! "r to exclude o!rs f mak+1 us+1 (f]+ = sale or sell+ or import+ ! inv5tion1 no "o else may d any ( ^! ?+s )\t 8_/h] p]mission4 ,a pat5t lic5se agreem5t is 9 ess5ce no?+ m ?an a promise by ! lic5sor n to sue ! lic5see4 ,no p>ticul> =m ( lic5se is requir$2 a lic5se is a contract & may include :atev] provisions ! p>ties agree ^u1 includ+ ! paym5t ( royalties1 etc4 ,! draw+ up ( a lic5se agreem5t 7z well z assignm5ts7 is )9 ! field ( an attorney at law4 ,su* attorney %\ld be famili> ) pat5t matt]s z well4 ,a few ,/ates h prescrib$ c]ta9 =malities to be obs]v$ 9 connection ) ! sale ( pat5t rights4 ,infr+em5t ( ,pat5ts ,infr+em5t ( a pat5t consi/s ( ! unau?oriz$ mak+1 us+1 (f]+ = sale or sell+ any pat5t$ inv5tion )9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates or ,unit$ ,/ates ,t]ritories1 or import+ into ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( any pat5t$ inv5tion dur+ ! t]m ( ! pat5t4 ,if a pat5t is infr+$1 ! pat5tee may sue = relief 9 ! appropriate ,f$]al c\rt4 ,! pat5tee may ask ! c\rt = an injunction to prev5t ! cont9uation ( ! infr+em5t & may also ask ! c\rt = an aw>d ( damages because ( ! infr+em5t4 ,9 su* an infr+em5t suit1 ! def5dant may raise ! "q ( ! validity ( ! pat5t1 :i* is !n decid$ by ! c\rt4 ,! def5dant may also av] t :at is be+ done does n con/itute infr+em5t4 ,infr+em5t is det]m9$ prim>ily by ! language ( ! claims ( ! pat5t &1 if :at ! def5dant is mak+ does n fall )9 ! language ( any ( ! claims ( ! pat5t1 !re is no lit]al infr+em5t4 ,suits = infr+em5t ( pat5ts foll[ ! rules ( proc$ure ( ! ,f$]al c\rts4 ,f ! decision ( ! di/rict c\rt1 !re is an appeal to ! ,c\rt ( ,appeals = ! ,f$]al ,circuit4 ,! ,supreme ,c\rt may !reaft] take a case by writ ( c]tior>i4 ,if ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5t infr+es a pat5t1 ! pat5tee has a rem$y = damages 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,c\rt ( ,f$]al ,claims4 ,! ,gov]nm5t may use any pat5t$ inv5tion )\t p]mission ( ! pat5tee1 b ! pat5tee is entitl$ to obta9 comp5sation = ! use by or = ! ,gov]nm5t4 ,! ,(fice has no jurisdiction ov] que/ions relat+ to infr+em5t ( pat5ts4 ,9 exam9+ applications = pat5t1 no det]m9ation is made z to :e!r ! inv5tion s\ght to be pat5t$ infr+es any prior pat5t4 ,an improvem5t inv5tion may be pat5table1 b x might infr+e a prior unexpir$ pat5t = ! inv5tion improv$ ^u1 if !re is "o4 ,pat5t ,m>k+ & 8,pat5t ,p5d+0 ,a pat5tee :o makes or sells pat5t$ articles1 or a p]son :o does s = or "u ! pat5tee is requir$ to m>k ! articles ) ! ^w 8,pat5t0 & ! numb] ( ! pat5t4 ,! p5alty = failure to m>k is t ! pat5tee may n recov] damages f an infr+] unless ! infr+] 0 duly notifi$ ( ! infr+em5t & cont9u$ to infr+e aft] ! notice4 ,! m>k+ ( an article z pat5t$ :5 x is n 9 fact pat5t$ is aga9/ ! law & subjects ! (f5d] to a p5alty4 ,"s p]sons m>k articles sold ) ! t]ms 8,pat5t ,appli$ ,=0 or 8,pat5t ,p5d+40 ,^! phrases h no legal effect1 b only give in=mation t an application = pat5t has be5 fil$ 9 ! ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,(fice4 ,! protection af=d$ by a pat5t does n />t until ! actual grant ( ! pat5t4 ,false use ( ^! phrases or _! equival5t is prohibit$4 ,design ,pat5ts ,! pat5t laws provide = ! grant+ ( design pat5ts to any p]son :o has inv5t$ any new1 orig9al & ornam5tal design = an article ( manufacture4 ,! design pat5t protects only ! appe>ance ( an article1 & n its /ructure or utilit>ian features4 ,! proce$+s relat+ to grant+ ( design pat5ts are ! same z ^? relat+ to o!r pat5ts ) a few diff]5ces4 ,see curr5t fee s*$ule = ! fil+ fee = a design application4 ,a design pat5t has a t]m ( #ad ye>s f grant1 & no fees are necess>y to ma9ta9 a design pat5t 9 =ce4 ,if on exam9ation x is det]m9$ t an applicant is entitl$ to a design pat5t "u ! law1 a notice ( all[ance w be s5t to ! applicant or applicant's attorney1 or ag5t1 call+ = ! paym5t ( an issue fee4 ,! draw+ ( ! design pat5t con=ms to ! same rules z o!r draw+s1 b no ref]5ce *>act]s are requir$4 ,! specification ( a design application is %ort & ord9>ily foll[s a set =m4 ,only "o claim is p]mitt$1 foll[+ a set =m4 ,plant ,pat5ts ,! law also provides = ! grant+ ( a pat5t to anyone :o has inv5t$ or discov]$ & asexually reproduc$ any di/9ct & new v>iety ( plant1 includ+ cultivat$ sports1 mutants1 hybrids1 & newly f\nd se$l+s1 o!r ?an a tub]-propagat$ plant or a plant f\nd 9 an uncultivat$ /ate4 ,asexually propagat$ plants are ^? t are reproduc$ by means o!r ?an f se$s1 su* z by ! root+ ( cutt+s1 by lay]+1 budd+1 graft+1 in>*+1 etc4 ,) ref]5ce to tub]-propagat$ plants1 = :i* a plant pat5t _c be obta9$1 ! t]m 8tub]0 is us$ 9 its n>r[ horticultural s5se z mean+ a %ort1 ?ick5$ portion ( an und]gr\nd bran*4 ,su* plants cov]$ by ! t]m 8tub]-propagat$0 are ! ,iri% potato & ! ,j]usalem arti*oke4 ,an application = a plant pat5t consi/s ( ! same p>ts z o!r applications ) ! addition ( a plant color cod+ %eet4 ,! t]m ( a plant pat5t %all be #bj ye>s f ! date on :i* ! application = ! pat5t 0 fil$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates or1 if ! application conta9s a specific ref]5ce to an e>li] fil$ application "u #ce ,u4,s4,c4 #abj1 #aba or #cfe7;c71 f ! date ( ! e>lie/ su* application 0 fil$4 ,! application pap]s = a plant pat5t & any responsive pap]s pursuant to ! prosecution mu/ be fil$ 9 duplicate b only "o ne$ be sign$ 79 ! case ( ! application pap]s ! orig9al %\ld be sign$72 ! second copy may be a legible copy ( ! orig9al4 ,! reason = provid+ an orig9al & duplicate file is t ! duplicate file is s5t to ! ,agricultural ,rese>* ,s]vice1 ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture = an advisory report on ! plant v>iety4 ,! specification %\ld include a complete detail$ description ( ! plant & ! *>act]i/ics !re( t di/+ui% ! same ov] relat$ kn[n v>ieties1 & its antec$5ts1 express$ 9 botanical t]ms 9 ! g5]al =m foll[$ 9 /&>d botanical text books or publications deal+ ) ! v>ieties ( ! k9d ( plant involv$ 7ev]gre5 tree1 dahlia plant1 rose plant1 apple tree1 etc471 r ?an a m]e broad non-botanical *>act]ization su* z commonly f\nd 9 nurs]y or se$ catalogs4 ,! specification %\ld also include ! orig9 or p>5tage ( ! plant v>iety s\ght to be pat5t$ & mu/ p>ticul>ly po9t out :]e & 9 :at mann] ! v>iety ( plant has be5 asexually reproduc$4 ,:]e color is a di/9ctive feature ( ! plant1 ! color %\ld be positively id5tifi$ 9 ! specification by ref]5ce to a designat$ color z giv5 by a recogniz$ color diction>y4 ,:]e ! plant v>iety orig9at$ z a newly f\nd se$l+1 ! specification mu/ fully describe ! conditions 7cultivation1 environm5t1 etc47 "u :i* ! se$l+ 0 f\nd gr[+ to e/abli% t x 0 n f\nd 9 an uncultivat$ /ate4 ,a plant pat5t is grant$ on ! entire plant4 ,x !re=e foll[s t only "o claim is necess>y & only "o is p]mitt$4 ,! oa? or decl>ation requir$ ( ! applicant 9 addition to ! /atem5ts requir$ = o!r applications mu/ include ! /atem5t t ! applicant has asexually reproduc$ ! new plant v>iety4 ,plant pat5t draw+s are n me*anical draw+s & %\ld be arti/ically & compet5tly execut$4 ,! draw+ mu/ disclose all ! di/9ctive *>act]i/ics ( ! plant capable ( visual repres5tation4 ,:5 color is a di/+ui%+ *>act]i/ic ( ! new v>iety1 ! draw+ mu/ be 9 color4 ,two duplicate copies ( color draw+s mu/ be submitt$4 ,all color draw+s %\ld be s m\nt$ z to provide a #b-;in* m>g9 at ! top = (fice m>k+s :5 ! pat5t is pr9t$4 ,specim5s ( ! plant v>iety1 its fl[] or fruit1 %\ld n be submitt$ unless specifically call$ = by ! exam9]4 ,! fil+ fee on ea* plant application & ! issue fee c be f\nd 9 ! fee s*$ule4 ,= a qualify+ small entity fil+ & issue fees are r$uc$ by half4 ,all inquiries relat+ to plant pat5ts & p5d+ plant pat5t applications %\ld be direct$ to ! ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,(fice & n to ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture4 ,! ,plant ,v>iety ,protection ,act 7,public ,law #ia-egg71 approv$ ,decemb] #bd1 #aigj1 provides = a sy/em ( protection = sexually reproduc$ v>ieties1 = :i* protection 0 n previ\sly provid$1 "u ! adm9i/ration ( a ,plant ,v>iety ,protection ,(fice )9 ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture4 ,reque/s = in=mation reg>d+ ! protection ( sexually reproduc$ v>ieties %\ld be address$ to ,commission]1 ,plant ,v>iety ,protection ,(fice1 ,agricultural ,m>ket+ ,s]vice1 ,national ,agricultural ,libr>y ,bldg41 ,room #ejj1 #ajcja ,baltimore ,blvd41 ,beltsville1 ,md4 #bjgje-bcea4 ,treaties & ,=eign ,pat5ts ,s9ce ! rights grant$ by a ,unit$ ,/ates pat5t ext5d only ?r\gh\t ! t]ritory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & h no effect 9 a =eign c\ntry1 an inv5tor :o wi%es pat5t protection 9 o!r c\ntries mu/ apply = a pat5t 9 ea* ( ! o!r c\ntries or 9 regional pat5t (fices4 ,almo/ e c\ntry has its own pat5t law1 & a p]son desir+ a pat5t 9 a p>ticul> c\ntry mu/ make an application = pat5t 9 t c\ntry1 9 accordance ) ! requirem5ts ( t c\ntry4 ,! laws ( _m c\ntries diff] 9 v>i\s respects f ! pat5t law ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,9 mo/ =eign c\ntries1 publication ( ! inv5tion be=e ! date ( ! application w b> ! "r to a pat5t4 ,9 mo/ =eign c\ntries ma9t5ance fees are requir$4 ,mo/ =eign c\ntries require t ! pat5t$ inv5tion mu/ be manufactur$ 9 t c\ntry aft] a c]ta9 p]iod1 usually ?ree ye>s4 ,if !re is no manufacture )9 ?is p]iod1 ! pat5t may be void 9 "s c\ntries1 al?\gh 9 mo/ c\ntries ! pat5t may be subject to ! grant ( compulsory lic5ses to any p]son :o may apply = a lic5se4 ,!re is a treaty relat+ to pat5ts :i* is adh]$ to by #adj c\ntries1 includ+ ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & is kn[n z ! ,p>is ,conv5tion = ! ,protection ( ,indu/rial ,prop]ty4 ,x provides t ea* c\ntry gu>antees to ! citiz5s ( ! o!r c\ntries ! same rights 9 pat5t & tradem>k matt]s t x gives to its own citiz5s4 ,! treaty also provides = ! "r ( priority 9 ! case ( pat5ts1 tradem>ks & indu/rial designs 7design pat5ts74 ,?is "r means t1 on ! basis ( a regul> fir/ application fil$ 9 "o ( ! memb] c\ntries1 ! applicant may1 )9 a c]ta9 p]iod ( "t1 apply = protection 9 all ! o!r memb] c\ntries4 ,^! lat] applications w !n be reg>d$ z if !y _h be5 fil$ on ! same day z ! fir/ application4 ,?us1 ^! lat] applicants w h priority ov] applications = ! same inv5tion :i* may h be5 fil$ dur+ ! same p]iod ( "t by o!r p]sons4 ,moreov]1 ^! lat] applications1 be+ bas$ on ! fir/ application1 w n be invalidat$ by any acts accompli%$ 9 ! int]val1 su* z1 = example1 publication or exploitation ( ! inv5tion1 ! sale ( copies ( ! design1 or use ( ! tradem>k4 ,! p]iod ( "t m5tion$ above1 )9 :i* ! subsequ5t applications may be fil$ 9 ! o!r c\ntries1 is #ab mon?s 9 ! case ( fir/ applications = pat5t & six mon?s 9 ! case ( indu/rial designs & tradem>ks4 ,ano!r treaty1 kn[n z ! ,pat5t ,coop]ation ,treaty1 0 negotiat$ at a diplomatic conf]5ce 9 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4,c41 9 ,june ( #aigj4 ,! treaty came into =ce on ,janu>y #bd1 #aigh1 & is pres5tly adh]$ to by ov] #ij c\ntries1 includ+ ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! treaty facilitates ! fil+ ( applications = pat5t on ! same inv5tion 9 memb] c\ntries by provid+1 among o!r ?+s1 = c5traliz$ fil+ proc$ures & a /&>diz$ application =mat4 ,! timely fil+ ( an int]national application af=ds applicants an int]national fil+ date 9 ea* c\ntry :i* is designat$ 9 ! int]national application & provides 7#a7 a se>* ( ! inv5tion & 7#b7 a lat] "t p]iod )9 :i* ! national applications = pat5t mu/ be fil$4 ,a numb] ( pat5t attorneys specialize 9 obta9+ pat5ts 9 =eign c\ntries4 ,9 g5]al1 an inv5tor %\ld be satisfi$ t he_/%e c\ld make "s pr(it f =eign pat5ts or t !re is "s p>ticul> reason = obta9+ !m1 be=e he_/%e attempts to apply = =eign pat5ts4 ,"u ,unit$ ,/ates law x is necess>y1 9 ! case ( inv5tions made 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 to obta9 a lic5se f ! ,commission] ( ,pat5ts & ,tradem>ks be=e apply+ = a pat5t 9 a =eign c\ntry4 ,su* a lic5se is requir$ if ! =eign application is to be fil$ be=e an application is fil$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates or be=e ! expiration ( six mon?s f ! fil+ ( an application 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! fil+ ( an application = pat5t con/itutes ! reque/ = a lic5se & ! grant+ or d5ial ( su* reque/ is indicat$ 9 ! fil+ receipt mail$ to ea* applicant4 ,aft] six mon?s f ! ,unit$ ,/ates fil+1 a lic5se is n requir$ unless ! inv5tion has be5 ord]$ to be kept secret4 ,if ! inv5tion has be5 ord]$ to be kept secret1 ! cons5t to ! fil+ abroad mu/ be obta9$ f ! ,commission] ( ,pat5ts & ,tradem>ks dur+ ! p]iod ! ord] ( secrecy is 9 effect4 ,=eign ,applicants = ,unit$ ,/ates ,pat5ts ,! pat5t laws ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates make no discrim9ation ) respect to ! citiz5%ip ( ! inv5tor4 ,any inv5tor1 reg>dless ( 8_/h] citiz5%ip1 may apply = a pat5t on ! same basis z a ,u4,s4 citiz54 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 a numb] ( p>ticul> po9ts ( special int]e/ to applicants locat$ 9 =eign c\ntries4 ,! application = pat5t 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates mu/ be made by ! inv5tor & ! inv5tor mu/ sign ! oa? or decl>ation 7) c]ta9 exceptions71 diff]+ f ! law 9 _m c\ntries :]e ! signature ( ! inv5tor & an oa? ( inv5tor%ip are n necess>y4 ,if ! inv5tor is dead1 ! application may be made by 8_/h] executor or adm9i/rator1 or equival5t1 & 9 ! case ( m5tal disability x may be made by 8_/h] legal repres5tative 7gu>dian74 ,no ,unit$ ,/ates pat5t c be obta9$ if ! inv5tion 0 pat5t$ abroad be=e apply+ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates by ! inv5tor or 8_/h] legal repres5tatives or assigns on an application fil$ m ?an #ab mon?s be=e fil+ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,six mon?s are all[$ 9 ! case ( a design pat5t4 ,an application = a pat5t fil$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates by any p]son :o has previ\sly regul>ly fil$ an application = a pat5t = ! same inv5tion 9 a =eign c\ntry :i* af=ds simil> privileges to citiz5s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates %all h ! same =ce & effect = ! purpose ( ov]com+ int]v5+ acts ( o!rs z if fil$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates on ! date on :i* ! application = a pat5t = ! same inv5tion 0 fir/ fil$ 9 su* =eign c\ntry4 ,?is is ! case1 provid$ ! application 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates is fil$ )9 #ab mon?s 7six mon?s 9 ! case ( a design pat5t7 f ! e>lie/ date on :i* any su* =eign application 0 fil$4 ,a copy ( ! =eign application c]tifi$ by ! pat5t (fice ( ! c\ntry 9 :i* x 0 fil$ is requir$ to secure ?is "r ( priority4 ,if any application = pat5t has be5 fil$ 9 any =eign c\ntry by ! applicant or by 8_/h] legal repres5tatives or assigns prior to 8_/h] application 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ! applicant mu/1 9 ! oa? or decl>ation accompany+ ! application1 /ate ! c\ntry 9 :i* ! e>lie/ su* application has be5 fil$1 giv+ ! date ( fil+ ! application4 ,all applications fil$ m ?an a ye> be=e ! fil+ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates mu/ also be recit$ 9 ! oa? or decl>ation4 ,an oa? or decl>ation mu/ be made ) respect to e application4 ,:5 ! applicant is 9 a =eign c\ntry ! oa? or affirmation may be be=e any diplomatic or consul> (fic] ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 or be=e any (fic] hav+ an (ficial seal & au?oriz$ to adm9i/] oa?s 9 ! =eign c\ntry1 ^: au?ority %all be prov$ by a c]tificate ( a diplomatic or consul> (fic] ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! oa? is atte/$ 9 all cases by ! prop] (ficial seal ( ! (fic] be=e :om ! oa? is made4 ,:5 ! oa? is tak5 be=e an (fic] 9 ! c\ntry =eign to ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 all ! application pap]s 7except ! draw+7 mu/ be atta*$ toge!r & a ribbon pass$ "o or m times ?r\gh all ! %eets ( ! application1 & ! ends ( ! ribbons br\ght toge!r "u ! seal be=e ! latt] is affix$ & impress$1 or ea* %eet mu/ be impress$ ) ! (ficial seal ( ! (fic] be=e :om ! oa? 0 tak54 ,if ! application is fil$ by ! legal repres5tative 7executor1 adm9i/rator1 etc47 ( a deceas$ inv5tor1 ! legal repres5tative mu/ make ! oa? or decl>ation4 ,:5 a decl>ation is us$1 ! ribbon+ proc$ure is n necess>y1 nor is x necess>y to appe> be=e an (ficial 9 connection ) ! mak+ ( a decl>ation4 ,a =eign applicant may be repres5t$ by any pat5t attorney or ag5t :o is regi/]$ to practice be=e ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,(fice4 ,answ]s to ,que/ions ,frequ5tly ,ask$ #a4 ,q4 ,:at d ! t]ms 8pat5t p5d+0 & 8pat5t appli$ =0 mean8 ,a4 ,!y are us$ by a manufactur] or sell] ( an article to in=m ! public t an application = pat5t on t article is on file 9 ! ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,(fice4 ,! law imposes a f9e on ^? :o use ^! t]ms falsely to deceive ! public4 #b4 ,q4 ,is !re any dang] t ! ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,(fice w give o!rs in=mation conta9$ 9 my application :ile x is p5d+8 ,a4 ,no4 ,all pat5t applications are ma9ta9$ 9 ! /ricte/ secrecy until ! pat5t is issu$4 ,aft] ! pat5t is issu$1 h[ev]1 ! ,(fice file conta9+ ! application & all correspond5ce lead+ up to issuance ( ! pat5t is made available 9 ! ,files ,in=mation ,room = inspection by anyone & copies ( ^! files may be pur*as$ f ! ,(fice4 #c4 ,q4 ,may ,i write to ! ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,(fice directly ab\t my application aft] x is fil$8 ,a4 ,! ,(fice w answ] an applicant's inquiries z to ! /atus ( ! application1 & in=m y :e!r y\r application has be5 reject$1 all[$1 or is await+ action4 ,h[ev]1 if y h a pat5t attorney or ag5t ( record 9 ! application file ! ,(fice w n correspond ) bo? y & ! attorney_/ag5t conc]n+ ! m]its ( y\r application4 ,all comm5ts conc]n+ y\r application %\ld be =w>d$ ?r\gh y\r attorney or ag5t4 #d4 ,q4 ,is x necess>y to g to ! ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,(fice to transact bus9ess conc]n+ pat5t matt]s8 ,a4 ,no2 mo/ bus9ess ) ! ,(fice is conduct$ by correspond5ce4 ,int]views reg>d+ p5d+ applications c be arrang$ ) exam9]s if necess>y1 h[ev]1 & are (t5 helpful4 #e4 ,q4 ,if two or m p]sons "w toge!r to make an inv5tion1 to :om w ! pat5t be grant$8 ,a4 ,if ea* _h a %>e 9 ! ideas =m+ ! inv5tion1 !y are jo9t inv5tors & a pat5t w be issu$ to !m jo9tly on ! basis ( a prop] pat5t application4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 "o ( ^! p]sons has provid$ all ( ! ideas ( ! inv5tion1 & ! o!r has only foll[$ in/ructions 9 mak+ x1 ! p]son :o contribut$ ! ideas is ! sole inv5tor & ! pat5t application & pat5t %all be 9 8_/h] "n alone4 #f4 ,q4 ,if "o p]son furni%es all ( ! ideas to make an inv5tion & ano!r employs him or furni%es ! money = build+ & te/+ ! inv5tion1 %\ld ! pat5t application be fil$ by !m jo9tly8 ,a4 ,no4 ,! application mu/ be sign$ by ! true inv5tor1 & fil$ 9 ! ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,(fice1 9 ! inv5tors "n4 ,?is is ! p]son :o furni%es ! ideas1 n ! employ] or ! p]son :o furni%es ! money4 #g4 ,q4 ,does ! ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,(fice control ! fees *>g$ by pat5t attorneys & ag5ts = _! s]vices8 ,a4 ,no4 ,?is is a matt] betwe5 y & y\r pat5t attorney or ag5t 9 :i* ! ,(fice takes no "p4 ,to avoid misund]/&+ y may wi% to ask = e/imate *>ges =3 7a7 ! se>*1 7b7 prep>ation ( ! pat5t application1 7c7 ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,(fice prosecution4 #h4 ,q4 ,w ! ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,(fice help me to select a pat5t attorney or ag5t to make my pat5t se>* or to prep>e & prosecute my pat5t application8 ,a4 ,no4 ,! ,(fice _c make ?is *oice = y4 ,h[ev]1 y\r own fri5ds or g5]al attorney may help y 9 mak+ a selection f among ^? li/$ z regi/]$ practition]s on ! ,(fice ro/]4 ,also1 "s b> associations op]ate lawy] ref]ral s]vices t ma9ta9 li/s ( pat5t lawy]s available to accept new cli5ts4 #i4 ,q4 ,w ! ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,(fice advise me z to :e!r a c]ta9 pat5t promotion organization is reliable & tru/wor?y8 ,a4 ,no4 ,! ,(fice has no control ov] su* organizations & does n supply in=mation ab\t !m4 ,x is advisable1 h[ev]1 to *eck on ! reputation ( inv5tion promotion firms be=e mak+ any commitm5ts4 ,x is sugge/$ t y obta9 ?is in=mation by inquir+ ( ! ,bett] ,bus9ess ,bureau ( ! city 9 :i* ! organization is locat$1 or ( ! bureau ( comm]ce & indu/ry or bureau ( consum] affairs ( ! /ate 9 :i* ! organization has its place ( bus9ess4 ,y may also und]take to make sure t y are deal+ ) reliable p by ask+ y\r own pat5t attorney or ag5t or by inquiry ( o!rs :o may "k !m4 #aj4 ,q4 ,are !re any organizations 9 my area :i* c tell me h[ & :]e ,i may be able to obta9 assi/ance 9 develop+ & m>ket+ my inv5tion8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,9 y\r own or neighbor+ communities y may inquire ( su* organizations z *amb]s ( comm]ce1 & banks4 ,_m communities h locally f9anc$ indu/rial developm5t organizations :i* c help y locate manufactur]s & individuals :o might be int]e/$ 9 promot+ y\r idea4 #aa4 ,q4 ,are !re any /ate gov]nm5t ag5cies t c help me 9 develop+ & m>ket+ ( my inv5tion8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,9 ne>ly all /ates !re are /ate plann+ & developm5t ag5cies or dep>tm5ts ( comm]ce & indu/ry :i* seek new product & new process ideas to assi/ manufactur]s & communities 9 ! /ate4 ,if y d n "k ! names or addresses ( y\r /ate organizations y c obta9 ?is in=mation by writ+ to ! gov]nor ( y\r /ate4 #ab4 ,q4 ,c ! ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,(fice assi/ me 9 ! develop+ & m>ket+ ( my pat5t8 ,a4 ,! ,(fice _c act or advise conc]n+ ! bus9ess transactions or arrangem5ts t are involv$ 9 ! developm5t & m>ket+ ( an inv5tion4 ,h[ev]1 ! ,(fice w publi%1 at ! reque/ ( a pat5t own]1 a notice 9 ! ,(ficial ,gazette t ! pat5t is available = lic5s+ or sale4 ,! fee = ?is is #be4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,transcrib]',s ,,notes #a4 ,sil5tly correct$ typographical errors & v>iations 9 spell+4 #b4 ,ar*aic1 non-/&>d1 & unc]ta9 spell+s reta9$ z pr9t$4 #c4 ,enclos$ italics font 9 und]scores4 #d4 ,enclos$ bold font 9 equals4