,,the ,,spanish ,,series ,,granada ,,and ,,the ,,alhambra ,,the ,,spanish ,,series ,,edited ,,by ,,albert ,f4 ,,calvert ,,goya ,,toledo ,,madrid ,,seville ,,murillo ,,cordova ,,el ,,greco ,,velazquez ,,the ,,prado ,,the ,,escorial ,,royal ,,palaces ,,of ,,spain ,,granada ,,and ,,alhambra ,,spanish ,,arms ,,and ,,armour ,,leon1 ,,burgos ,,and ,,salamanca ,,valladolid1 ,,oviedo1 ,,segovia ,,zamora1 ,,avila ,,and ,,zaragoza ,,granada ,,and ,,the ,,alhambra ,a ,,brief ,,description ,,of ,,the ,,ancient ,,city ,,of ,,granada ,,with ,a ,,particular ,,account ,,of ,,the ,,moorish ,,palace ,,by ,,albert ,f4 ,,calvert ,,with #dfj ,,illustrations ,,london3 ,,john ,,lane1 ,,the ,,bodley ,,head ,,new ,,york3 ,,john ,,lane ,,company ,,mcmvii ,printed by ,,ballantyne ,,co4 ,,limited ,tavistock ,street1 ,london ,,to ,h4,i4,m4 ,,the ,,empress ,,eug,,nie ,,this ,,souvenir ,,of ,,that ,,fair ,,granadan ,,home ,,from ,,which ,,she ,,carried ,,the ,,crown ,,of ,,spanish ,,beauty ,,to ,,grace ,,the ,,throne ,,of ,,france ,,is ,,dedicated ,,in ,,accordance ,,with ,,her ,,majesty',s ,,gracious ,,permission ,,preface ,,to ,,first ,,edition ,although the admission may be construed by the censorious as betraying a lack of becoming diffidence1 ,i am tempted to believe that no apology will be demanded for the publication of this volume by that section of the reading public for which it has been chiefly compiled4 ,my temerity goes even further1 and ,i anticipate with some confidence that visitors to the ,alhambra1 and pilgrims to that famous ,mecca of ,moorish workmanship1 will recognise in this book an earnest attempt to supply a long-felt want4 ,when ,i paid my first visit to ,granada some years ago1 ,i was surprised and disappointed to find that no such thing as an even fairly adequate illustrated souvenir of this 8city of the dawn0 was to be obtained4 ,many tomes1 costly and valuable 7not necessarily the same thing71 have been written to place on record the wonders of 8the glorious sanctuary of ,spain10 but these are beyond the reach of the general public4 ,many beautiful pictures have caught odd ecstasies of this superb and perfectly harmonised palace of art1 but these impressions are not available to the ordinary tourist4 ,what is wanted1 as ,i imagine1 is a concise history and description of the ,alhambra1 illustrated with a series of pictures constituting a tangible remembrancer of the delights of this ,granadian paradise 8,where glory rests 'tween laurels1 ,a torch to give thee light60 ,the ,alhambra may be likened to an exquisite opera which can only be appreciated to the full when one is under the spell of its magic influence4 ,but as the witchery of an inspired score can be recalled by the sound of an air whistled in the street1 so--it is my hope--the pale ghost of this ,moorish fairy-land may live again in the memories of travellers through the medium of this pictorial epitome4 ,i desire1 however1 to submit an explanation--or excuse--for the unusual form in which this volume is issued4 ,at the commencement of my work ,i experienced no little difficulty in collecting the requisite illustrations1 for most of the obtainable photographs were ill-chosen and but carelessly developed1 and ,i was compelled to press my own cameras into the service of my scheme4 ,but when my designs became known1 ,i was inundated with offers of pictures of every description1 until the embarrassment of artistic treasures entirely upset the original purpose of my book4 ,artists placed their studies at my disposal2 collectors begged me1 with irresistible ,spanish courtesy1 to regard their galleries as my own2 and students directed my attention to little-known publications on the subject4 ,don ,mariano ,contreras1 ,conservator of the ,alhambra1 the son of the gifted ,raphal ,contreras1 who devoted thirty-seven years of his life to the restoration of the ,palace--gave me the benefit of his knowledge of this unique treasure-house of art2 and ,i have also laid under contribution the beautiful plates of ,owen ,jones1 who disposed of a ,welsh inheritance in order to produce his great work on the ,plans1 ,elevations1 ,sections1 and ,details of the ,alhambra4 ,jones's ,grammar of ,ornament1 which has been described as 8beautiful enough to be the horn-book of the ,angels10 also contains the result of his researches in the ,alhambra1 which occupied him for the greater part of eleven years4 ,a selection of these illustrations is here rescued from the obscurity of public libraries and the inaccessible fastnesses of private collections4 ,the inclusion of ,john ,f4 ,lewis's drawings1 and the reproduction of a series of pictures by ,james ,c4 ,murphy1 who spent seven years in the study of the artistic marvels of the ,alhambra1 ,i do not feel called upon to defend4 ,the photographs1 several of which were placed at my disposal by ,don ,rafal ,garzn1 represent the buildings as they appear to-day2 the drawings were made before the ,palace was damaged by the disastrous fire of ,september1 #ahij4 ,for the historical portions of the description contained in the letterpress ,i have levied tribute on a variety of authors4 ,the ,history of the ,mohammedan ,dynasties in ,spain1 by the learned ,spanish ,orientalist1 ,don ,pascual de ,gayngos2 ,raphal ,contreras' tude ,descriptive des ,monuments ,arabes2 ,richard ,ford's reverent appreciations2 ,dr4 ,r4 ,dozy's history2 ,mr4 ,stanley ,lane-,poole's ,the ,moors in ,spain2 ,washington ,irving's fascinating writings2 and ,the ,alhambra ,album1 presented by ,prince ,dolgorouki in #ahbi1 containing the autographs1 poems1 and thoughts of succeeding generations of visitors to ,granada1 these and many others have been drawn upon in the following pages4 ,but the multiplicity of my illustrations convinced me that if ,i adhered to my idea of furnishing an amount of letterpress sufficient to 8carry0 the blocks1 ,i should only end in producing a book that would tax the physical endurance of my readers by reason of its bulk1 and exhaust their patience with a tedious super-abundance of minute descriptive pabulum4 ,i resolved1 therefore1 to give pride of place to the pictorial side of the volume2 to abandon the traditions regulating the proportions of prose to pictures2 and make my appeal to the public by the beauty and variety of the illustrations ,i have collected1 and the immensity of elaborate letterpress which ,i have not written4 ,a4 ,f4 ,c4 8,,royston10 ,,hampstead1 ,n4,w41 #aijd4 ,,preface ,,to ,,second ,,edition ,the compilation of a book of this kind reveals in the author a refreshing optimism which does not always survive the ordeal of publication1 and it is1 perhaps1 out of sympathy with the misgivings that assail him as he approaches the bar of public and critical opinion1 that convention cedes to him the privilege of making some apology for the faith that is in him4 ,in his preface he is permitted to explain himself1 and this apologia or justification1 call it which you will1 stands as the last word in his own defence4 ,but the demand for a further edition is the outcome of an amiable conspiracy on the part of the public1 and it is not required of the author to explain1 justify1 or excuse an issue for which he is not directly responsible4 ,any revision or amplification1 however1 which is to be found in a second impression1 may be briefly referred to1 and at the same time tradition allows him to express the feelings of gratitude and gratification that the occasion inspires4 ,it has been my ambition to acknowledge the favour with which this book has been received1 by having the present edition produced with the greatest care on special paper1 and by the addition of a number of new illustrations1 including some half-tone and coloured plates reproduced from the ,monumentos ,arquitectnicos de ,espaa and other sources1 which ,i have acquired since it was first produced4 ,it will be seen that several of the coloured pictures in this book illustrate designs which are common to the ,arabian ornamentation to be found in ,cordova and ,seville1 and1 as being representative of the ,moresco work of the period1 they also appear in the companion volume on ,moorish ,remains in ,spain1 but it may be stated that the whole of the plates reproduced here are from photographs and drawings secured or specially made to illustrate ,the ,alhambra4 ,in its pictorial appeal it has been my ambition to make this edition as worthy of its subject as means and ability permit1 and ,i offer this assurance as an earnest of my sincere appreciation of the generous manner in which the ,press and public rewarded my previous effort4 ,a4 ,f4 ,c4 ,,preface ,,to ,,new ,,edition ,the generous appreciation with which my larger book on the ,alhambra was received by both the ,press and the public in ,spain and ,america1 as well as in this country1 encourages me to hope that the present volume will prove a popular addition to this ,spanish ,series4 ,three years ago1 when ,i published ,the ,alhambra to supply what my own experience taught me to be a real want1 the scale and quality of the illustrations made it impossible to issue the work at a popular price4 ,i am now enabled to present an inexpensive and1 ,i trust1 adequate souvenir of the fascinating city of ,granada and its ,red ,palace4 ,the text is no mere reprint of the matter which appeared in my former work1 but embodies the results of a more critical1 though not less appreciative1 survey of the last monuments of the ,spanish ,moor4 ,bearing in mind1 too1 that the illustrations1 being on a reduced scale1 called for fuller explanation1 ,i have endeavoured to condense as much detail and descriptive matter into the letterpress as the limits ,i had laid down for myself admitted4 ,those limits were still further encroached upon by the additional wealth of illustration which resulted from the decision to include the city of ,granada in a work which1 in previous issues1 had been devoted entirely to the palace of the ,alhambra1 and the new pictorial matter so acquired threatened to annex all the space allotted for the text4 ,but little as ,i liked the idea of further condensing the letterpress1 ,i was even less inclined to neglect the opportunity of enhancing the pictorial value of the volume4 ,in dealing with the ,moorish art of ,spain1 ,i have always recognised that the popular want is for pictures rather than the printed word1 and ,i venture to hope that the present volume1 which surpasses its costlier predecessors in the number of the plates reproduced1 will constitute a serviceable if not exhaustive guide to the beautiful ,moorish capital1 and an artistic remembrancer of its fascinating monuments4 ,i have to acknowledge my obligations to ,mr4 ,e4 ,b4 d',auvergne for his kind and valuable assistance in the compilation of the text1 and for permission to reproduce many of the additional photographs ,i am indebted to the courtesy of ,don ,senan y ,gonzalez1 of ,herr ,ernst ,wasmuth of ,berlin1 publisher of ,uhde's ,baudenkmaeler in ,spanien und ,portugal1 and of ,herr ,eugen ,twietmeyer of ,leipzig1 publisher of ,junghandel's ,die ,baukunst ,spaniens4 ,as ,i have remarked in the preface to the volume on ,cordova1 it may be thought that in the present work ,i have given an excess of detail of ,arabian decoration and ornament1 but it has been my aim to provide the last word on ,moorish art--so far at least as the pictorial representation of it is concerned--wherever ,i have dealt with it in ,spain4 ,to the general reader these reproductions of tracery and elaborate detail may seem superfluous1 but they will1 ,i trust1 lend to the book an additional interest in the eyes of students and artists1 for whose delectation they are included here4 ,a4 ,f4 ,c4 ,,contents ,,page ,,the ,,city ,,of ,,the ,,moor #a ,,the ,,alhambra #be ,,the ,,generalife #fa ,,catholic ,,granada #fe ,,list ,,of ,,illustrations ,,title ,,plate ,view of ,granada1 showing the ,alhambra and the ,sierra ,nevada #a ,general ,view of the ,alhambra #b ,view of the ,alhambra from the ,sacromonte ,road #c ,the ,alhambra from the ,moor's ,seat--,la ,silla del ,moro #d ,general ,view of the ,alhambra from ,san ,nicols #e ,view of the ,gate of ,elvira #f ,a ,view of the ,alhambra from the ,albaicin 7,sketch7 #g ,view of the ,cathedral and the ,alhambra from ,san ,gernimo #h ,view of the ,sierra ,nevada from the ,carrera de las ,angustias #i ,view of the ,royal ,gate #aj ,view from the ,tower in the ,alhambra #aa ,la ,plaza ,nueva #ab ,monument to ,columbus in the ,paseo del ,salon2 the ,sierra ,nevada in the ,distance #ac ,the ,street of the ,catholic ,sovereigns #ad ,arab ,silk ,market #ae ,la ,casa de los ,tiros #af ,church of ,santa ,ana #ag ,limoges ,enamel ,triptych which belonged to the ,gran ,capitn4 7,provincial ,museum1 ,granada7 #ah ,altar in the ,church of ,san ,gernimo #ai ,house in the ,calle de ,darro4 ,the ,palacio de ,justicia #bj ,the ,house of ,castril #ba ,typical ,gypsies and their ,quarters #bb ,gypsies in ,front of their ,dwellings #bc ,gypsy-dwellings in the ,sacromonte #bd ,general ,view of the ,gypsy ,quarters #be ,interior of a ,gypsy's ,cave #bf ,group of ,gypsies #bg ,a ,gypsy ,family #bh ,gypsies bivouacking #bi ,gypsies #cj ,gypsies clipping a ,mule #ca ,gypsies #cb ,gypsies #cc ,gypsy ,dance #cd ,interior of the ,sacristy of the ,cartuja #ce ,interior of ,cartuja3 ,the ,sacristy #cf ,interior of the ,cartuja ,church #cg ,saint ,bruno1 by ,alonso ,cano1 at the ,carthusian ,monastery of ,granada #ch ,exterior of the ,royal ,chapel #ci ,the ,gate of ,pardon and the ,exterior of the ,cathedral #dj ,faade of the ,cathedral #da ,exterior ,gate of the ,royal ,chapel #db ,detail in the ,royal ,chapel #dc ,ancient ,gothic ,entrance to the ,royal ,chapel #dd ,general ,exterior ,view of the ,royal ,chapel1 ,upper ,part #de ,general ,exterior ,view of the ,royal ,chapel #df ,faade of the ,cathedral4 ,exterior of the ,royal ,chapel #dg ,general ,view of the ,interior of the ,cathedral #dh ,the ,cathedral4 ,general ,view of the ,interior #di ,the ,cathedral4 ,view of the ,principal ,nave #ej ,the ,high ,altar in the ,cathedral #ea ,altar-piece in the ,royal ,chapel1 by ,f4 de ,borgoa #eb ,the ,cathedral4 ,boabdil giving up the ,keys of ,granada to the ,catholic ,sovereigns4 ,fragment of the ,altar-piece in the ,royal ,chapel #ec ,the ,inner ,choir of the ,cathedral #ed ,the ,cathedral4 ,tombs of the ,catholic ,sovereigns in the ,royal ,chapel #ee ,view of the ,royal ,chapel and ,tombs of the ,catholic ,sovereigns1 by ,p4 ,gonzalvo #ef ,royal ,chapel4 ,tombs of ,ferdinand and ,isabella #eg ,vault of the ,catholic ,sovereigns at ,granada #eh ,tombs of ,ferdinand and ,isabella1 ,doa ,juana and ,philip the ,handsome #ei ,tombs of ,ferdinand and ,isabella1 ,doa ,juana and ,philip the ,handsome #fj ,sceptre1 ,crown1 ,sword1 ,mass-book1 and ,coffer of the ,catholic ,sovereigns #fa ,relics of the ,catholic ,sovereigns #fb ,royal ,chapel3 ,statue of ,queen ,isabella the ,catholic #fc ,statue of ,isabella the ,catholic #fd ,chapel of ,san ,miguel in the ,cathedral1 ,marble ,sculpture #fe ,plan of the ,alhambra ,palace at ,granada #ff ,general ,plan of the ,alhambra #fg ,general ,view of the ,alhambra from ,san ,nicols #fh ,the ,red ,towers from the ,ramparts #fi ,view of the ,alhambra from the ,sacromonte #gj ,general ,view of the ,alhambra and ,algibillo ,promenade #ga ,view of the ,alhambra from the ,cuesta del ,chapiz #gb ,the ,red ,towers #gc ,general ,view of the ,alhambra #gd ,the ,tower of the ,peaks #ge ,the ,infantas' ,tower and ,captive's ,tower #gf ,view of the ,watch ,tower and ,granada #gg ,view of the ,ramparts and the ,watch ,tower #gh ,the ,aqueduct ,tower and the ,aqueduct #gi ,the ,gate of ,justice4 ,detail of a ,door in the ,court of the ,myrtles #hj ,the ,alhambra and the ,sierra ,nevada #ha ,granada1 from the ,homage ,tower #hb 8,the ,queen's ,dressing-room10 at the ,summit of the ,mihrab ,tower1 with ,distant ,view of the ,generalife #hc ,the ,gate of ,justice1 erected by ,ysuf ,i4 #hd ,the ,tower of the ,peaks #he ,the ,captive's ,tower #hf ,exterior of the ,mosque1 ,private ,property #hg ,tower of the ,aqueduct #hh ,ascent to the ,alhambra by the ,cuesta del ,rey ,chico--,lesser ,king ,hill #hi ,the ,ladies' ,tower #ij ,part of the ,alhambra1 ,exterior #ia ,the ,homage ,tower4 ,ancient ,arab ,ruins in the ,alcazba #ib ,gate of ,justice1 the ,alhambra #ic ,gate of ,justice 7,sketch7 #id ,the ,gate of ,justice #ie ,plan1 ,height1 and ,details of the ,gate of the ,law1 commonly called of ,justice #if ,elevation of the ,ancient ,gate of ,justice #ig ,portal commonly called the ,wine ,gate #ih ,porch of the ,gate of ,judgment #ii ,elevation of the ,wine ,gate #ajj ,transverse ,section of ,part of the ,alhambra #aja ,section showing ,heights of the ,alhambra #ajb1 #ajc ,promenades at the ,entrance to the ,alhambra #ajd ,the ,hall of ,justice and ,court of the ,lions #aje ,hall of ,justice4 ,left ,side #ajf ,hall of ,justice1 showing ,fountain of ,court of the ,lions #ajg ,section of the ,hall of ,justice 7looking ,east7 #ajh ,section of the ,hall of ,justice 7looking towards the ,court of the ,lions7 #aji ,vertical ,section of the ,hall of ,justice #aaj ,details of the ,hall of ,justice #aaa ,plan and ,window of the ,hall of ,justice #aab ,painting on the ,ceiling of the ,hall of ,justice4 ,no4 #a #aac ,painting on the ,ceiling of the ,hall of ,justice4 ,no4 #c #aad ,part of ,picture in the ,hall of ,justice--,the ,moor's ,return from ,hunting #aae ,hall of ,justice--,the ,death of the ,lion at the ,hands of a ,christian ,knight #aaf ,part of ,picture in the ,hall of ,justice representing a ,christian ,knight rescuing a ,maiden from a wicked ,magician1 or ,wild-,man-o'-the-,woods #aag ,part of ,picture in ,hall of ,justice--,moorish ,huntsman slaying the ,wild ,boar #aah ,hall of ,justice--,three ,figures from the ,picture of the ,moorish ,tribunal #aai ,the ,mosque and ,generalife #abj ,court of the ,mosque #aba ,faade of the ,mosque #abb ,interior of the ,mosque in the ,alhambra #abc ,interior of the ,mosque #abd ,elevation of the ,portico adjacent to the ,mosque #abe ,detail of the ,entrance ,door of the ,mosque #abf ,an ,arched ,window of the ,mosque #abg ,an ,arched ,window of the ,mosque #abh ,the ,koran ,recess in the ,mosque1 the ,scene of ,yusuf's ,assassination #abi ,the ,mosque from ,koran ,recess #acj ,details of ,ornament of ,koran ,recess near the ,entrance ,door of the ,mosque #aca ,cornice and ,window in the ,faade of the ,mosque #acb ,vertical ,section of the ,mosque #acc ,arab ,lamp in ,mosque #acd ,details of the ,front of the ,mosque of the ,harem #ace ,details of ,ornament in the ,court of the ,mosque #acf ,details in the ,court of the ,mosque1 ,eastern ,faade #acg ,ornament in ,panels1 ,court of the ,mosque #ach ,window in the ,hall of ,ambassadors #aci ,entrance to the ,hall of ,ambassadors #adj ,hall of ,ambassadors #ada ,section and ,elevation of the ,interior of the ,hall of ,ambassadors #adb ,encaustic-tile ,work of the ,hall of ,ambassadors #adc ,ornament in ,panels1 ,hall of ,ambassadors #add ,inscriptions in the ,hall of ,ambassadors #ade ,kufic ,inscriptions1 ,hall of ,ambassadors #adf 8,wa la ,ghlib ila ,al0--,there is no ,conqueror but ,god6--,the famous ,motto of ,mohammed ,i4 and his ,successors4 ,an ,example from the ,hall of ,ambassadors #adg ,the ,court of the ,lions from the ,templete ,pomiente #adh ,entrance to the ,court of the ,lions through the ,pomiente ,corner #adi ,north ,gallery and ,faade of the ,hall of the ,abencerrages #aej ,the ,court of the ,lions from the ,pomiente ,corner #aea ,view in the ,court of the ,lions #aeb ,view in the ,court of the ,lions from the ,hall of ,justice #aec ,the ,court of the ,lions #aed ,general ,view of the ,court of the ,lions #aee ,court of the ,lions #aef ,north ,gallery in the ,court of the ,lions #aeg ,section1 ,court of the ,lions #aeh ,pavilion in the ,court of the ,lions #aei ,fountain and ,east ,temple in the ,court of the ,lions #afj ,hall of ,justice and ,court of the ,lions #afa ,angle in the ,hall of ,justice #afb ,hall of ,justice #afc ,ceiling of the ,hall of ,justice #afd ,the ,mosque1 and ,view of the ,generalife #afe ,exterior of a ,window in the ,mosque #aff ,the ,mosque1 and ,view of the ,generalife #afg ,interior of the ,mosque #afh ,court of the ,mosque1 ,west ,faade #afi ,interior of the ,mosque1 converted into a ,roman ,catholic ,church #agj ,interior of the ,mosque1 converted into a ,roman ,catholic ,church #aga ,jalousies in the ,court of the ,mosque #agb ,entrance to the ,hall of ,ambassadors #agc ,balcony in the ,hall of ,ambassadors #agd ,detail of the ,hall of the ,arched ,windows #age ,detail in the ,hall of the ,abencerrages #agf ,the ,court of the ,lions #agg ,general ,view of the ,court of the ,lions #agh ,the ,fountain and ,west ,temple of the ,court of the ,lions #agi ,elevation of the ,fountain of the ,court of the ,lions #ahj ,the ,fountain of the ,court of the ,lions1 with ,details of the ,ornament #aha ,plan of the ,basin of the ,fountain in the ,court of the ,lions #ahb ,section of the ,pavilion in the ,court of the ,lions #ahc ,section of the ,hall of the ,two ,sisters1 and ,section of ,part of the ,court of the ,lions #ahd1 #ahe ,capital in the ,court of the ,lions1 with a ,scale of ,one ,metre #ahf ,details of the ,centre ,arcade of the ,court of the ,lions #ahg ,frieze over ,columns1 ,court of the ,lions #ahh ,detail of the ,central ,arch in the ,court of the ,lions #ahi ,the ,first ,six ,verses of the ,inscription around the ,basin of the ,fountain of the ,court of the ,lions #aij ,entablature in the ,court of the ,lions #aia ,cupola of the ,pavilion in the ,court of the ,lions #aib ,entrance to the ,court of the ,lions4 ,little ,temple1 the ,court of the ,lions #aic ,the ,court of the ,lions #aid ,the ,little ,temple1 and the ,fountain1 the ,court of the ,lions #aie ,the ,court of the ,lions #aif ,the ,court of the ,lions1 ,west ,angle #aig ,morocco ,embassy1 ,december #ahhe #aih ,the ,court of the ,lions from the ,west ,temple #aii ,the ,court of the ,lions from the ,west ,temple #bjj ,west ,gallery in the ,court of the ,lions #bja ,the ,court of the ,lions1 ,faade of the ,hall of the ,two ,sisters #bjb ,the ,court of the ,lions1 ,left-hand ,angle #bjc ,the ,court of the ,lions1 ,faade of the ,hall of ,two ,sisters #bjd ,the ,court of the ,lions from the ,entrance #bje ,detail of the ,entrance to the ,court of the ,lions #bjf ,detail in the ,court of the ,lions #bjg ,mosaics1 ,north and ,south ,sides1 the ,court of the ,lions #bjh ,hall of the ,abencerrages #bji ,hall of the ,abencerrages #baj ,hall of the ,abencerrages #baa ,hall of the ,abencerrages #bab ,wooden ,doors1 ,hall of the ,abencerrages #bac ,gallery in the ,court of the ,fish-pond2 or1 of the ,myrtles #bad ,court of the ,myrtles2 or1 of the ,fish-pond4 ,faade of the ,hall of ,ambassadors #bae ,court of the ,myrtles2 or1 of the ,fish-pond #baf ,general ,view of the ,court of the ,myrtles2 or1 of the ,fish-pond #bag ,north ,side of the ,court of the ,fish-pond2 or1 of the ,myrtles #bah ,entrance to the ,court of the ,fish-pond2 or1 of the ,myrtles #bai ,gallery in the ,court of the ,myrtles2 or1 of the ,fish-pond #bbj ,general ,view of the ,court of the ,myrtles and ,comares ,tower #bba ,court of the ,myrtles1 ,east ,faade #bbb ,detail in the ,court of the ,myrtles #bbc ,court of the ,myrtles1 ,east ,faade #bbd ,exterior of the ,gallery in the ,court of the ,fish-pond2 or1 of the ,myrtles #bbe ,the ,court of the ,fish-pond2 or1 of the ,myrtles #bbf ,ornament in the ,court of the ,fish-pond2 or1 of the ,myrtles #bbg ,court of the ,myrtles2 or1 of the ,fish-pond1 formed by ,ysuf ,i4 #bbh ,the ,court of the ,fish-pond2 or1 of the ,myrtles4 ,gallery in the ,court of the ,fish-pond2 or1 of the ,myrtles #bbi ,the ,hall of the ,baths #bcj ,the ,sultan's ,bath #bca ,the ,sultana's ,bath #bcb ,the ,baths1 ,hall of ,repose #bcc ,chamber of ,repose #bcd ,section of the ,hall of the ,baths #bce ,longitudinal ,section through the ,baths #bcf ,ground ,plan of the ,baths in the ,alhambra #bcg ,ceiling of the ,hall of the ,baths #bch ,plan and ,section of the great ,cistern in the ,alhambra #bci ,a ,section of the ,baths in the ,alhambra #bdj ,chamber of ,repose4 ,sultan's ,bath constructed by ,ysuf ,i4 #bda ,interior of the ,infantas' ,tower #bdb ,sections of the ,infantas' ,tower #bdc ,interior of the ,tower of the ,infantas1 ,upper ,part #bdd ,balcony of the 8,captive0 7,isabel de ,solis71 overlooking the ,vega1 or ,plain1 of ,granada #bde ,alcove of the 8,captive0 7,isabel de ,solis7 #bdf ,interior of the ,tower of the 8,captive0 7,isabel de ,solis7 #bdg ,the 8,captive's0 ,tower from the ,entrance #bdh ,interior of the ,mosque4 ,room in the 8,captive's0 ,tower #bdi ,hall of ,justice4 ,baths1 the ,chamber of ,repose #bej ,balcony of the ,favourite1 8,lindaraja0 #bea ,alcove in the 8,lindaraja0 ,apartments #beb ,garden of 8,lindaraja10 and the ,apartments traditionally said to have been occupied by 8,lindaraja10 a favourite ,sultana #bec ,detail1 ,interior of the ,balcony of 8,lindaraja0 #bed ,detail1 ,lower ,part of the ,balcony of 8,lindaraja0 #bee ,detail of the ,central ,part of the ,balcony of 8,lindaraja0 #bef ,the ,queen's ,boudoir and ,distant ,view of the ,generalife #beg ,the ,queen's ,boudoir and ,view of the ,generalife #beh ,the ,queen's ,boudoir and old ,albaicin ,quarter #bei ,the ,queen's ,boudoir and ,defile of the ,darro #bfj 8,lindaraja's0 ,garden and the ,apartments in which ,washington ,irving stayed #bfa ,angle of the ,balcony of 8,lindaraja0 #bfb ,balcony of the favourite 8,lindaraja0 #bfc ,interior of the ,tower of the ,captive1 ,isabel de ,solis #bfd ,exterior of the ,captive's ,tower #bfe ,the ,tower of the ,captive1 ,isabel de ,solis #bff ,interior of the ,infantas' ,tower1 ,upper ,part #bfg ,interior of the ,infantas' ,tower #bfh ,detail of the ,upper ,part of the ,balcony of 8,lindaraja0 #bfi ,hall of the ,two ,sisters #bgj ,entrance to the ,hall of the ,two ,sisters #bga ,interior of the ,hall of the ,two ,sisters #bgb ,hall of the ,two ,sisters #bgc ,hall of the ,two ,sisters #bgd ,temple and ,faade of the ,hall of the ,two ,sisters #bge ,view in the ,hall of the ,two ,sisters #bgf ,hall of the ,two ,sisters from the ,entrance ,door1 built by ,ysuf ,i4 #bgg ,upper ,balcony of the ,hall of the ,two ,sisters #bgh ,hall of the ,two ,sisters from the ,entrance ,door #bgi ,ceiling of the ,hall of the ,two ,sisters #bhj ,detail of the ,upper ,story1 ,hall of the ,two ,sisters #bha ,detail of the ,lateral ,windows of the ,hall of the ,two ,sisters #bhb ,detail in the ,hall of the ,two ,sisters #bhc ,panel1 ,ornament1 and ,inscriptions in the ,hall of the ,two ,sisters #bhd ,inscription in the ,hall of the ,two ,sisters #bhe ,frieze in the ,hall of the ,two ,sisters #bhf ,panel on ,jambs of ,doorways1 ,hall of the ,two ,sisters #bhg ,details of the ,glazed ,tiles in the ,dado of the ,hall of the ,two ,sisters #bhh ,band round ,panels in ,windows1 ,hall of the ,two ,sisters #bhi ,mosaic in ,dado of ,recess4 ,mosaic in ,dado of the ,entrance to the ,hall of the ,two ,sisters #bij ,mosaic in ,dado of ,hall of ,ambassadors4 ,mosaic in ,dado of the ,hall of the ,two ,sisters #bia ,wine ,gate4 ,west ,faade #bib ,detail of the only ancient 8,jalousie0 remaining in the ,alhambra #bic ,el ,jarro4 ,arab ,vase now in the ,museum of the ,palace #bid ,el ,jarro4 ,the ,arabian ,vase and ,niche in which it formerly stood1 ,hall of the ,two ,sisters #bie ,an ,arab ,vase of the ,fourteenth ,century in the ,niche wherein it stood until the ,year #ahcg #bif ,sword of the last ,moorish ,king of ,granada1 commonly called 8,the ,sword of ,boabdil0 #big ,the ,surrender of ,granada by ,boabdil to ,ferdinand and ,isabella1 ,january #b1 #adib #bih ,gold ,coin 7obverse and reverse7 of ,mohammed ,i41 the ,founder of the ,alhambra1 who reigned #abcb-abgb ,a4,d4 #bii ,details and ,inscriptions1 and ,arabian ,capitals #cjj ,the ,gothic ,inscription set up in the ,alhambra by the ,count of ,tendilla1 to commemorate the ,surrender of the ,fortress in #adib #cja ,mosaic ,pavement in the ,queen's ,dressing-room 7,tocador de la ,reyna47 ,mosaic1 from a ,fragment in the ,alhambra #cjb ,the ,house of ,carbon #cjc ,the ancient ,granary ,market and ,house of ,carbon #cjd ,elevation of the ,casa del ,carbon1 or ,house of ,carbon1 once known as the ,house of the ,weathercock #cje ,courtyard of a ,moorish ,house in the ,albaicin #cjf ,interior of an ,arab ,house in the ,albaicin #cjg ,the ,proclamation of ,boabdil4 ,by ,plcido ,frances 7,national ,exhibition of ,beaux ,arts1 #ahhd7 #cjh ,the ,author in the ,alhambra #cji ,cornices1 ,capitals1 and ,columns in the ,alhambra #caj ,miscellaneous ,ornament in the ,alhambra #caa ,the ,fable of ,jupiter and ,leda in the ,alhambra #cab ,bas-relief1 now in the ,museum of the ,alhambra #cac ,arabian ,sword #cad ,capitals from the ,courts and ,halls of the ,alhambra #cae ,encaustic-tile ,work in the ,royal ,room of ,santo ,domingo #caf ,various ,mosaics from the ,alhambra #cag ,inscriptions in the ,alhambra #cah ,plan of the ,palace of ,charles ,v4 and of the ,subterranean ,vaults of the ,alhambra #cai ,general ,view of the ,alhambra from the ,homage ,tower #cbj ,ancient ,cistern4 ,early ,fourteenth ,century #cba ,the ,alhambra 7,specially drawn for the ,spanish ,series7 #cbb ,part of ,exterior of the ,palace of ,charles ,v4 #cbc ,elevation of the ,palace of ,charles ,v4 #cbd ,section of the ,palace of ,charles ,v4 #cbe ,fountain of the ,emperor ,charles ,v4 #cbf ,view of the ,alhambra from the ,homage ,tower #cbg ,interior of the ,palace of ,charles ,v4 #cbh ,doorway of the ,palace of ,charles ,v4 #cbi ,bas-relief in the ,palace of ,charles ,v4 #ccj ,porch of the ,palace of ,charles ,v4 from the ,west #cca ,roman ,court1 ,palace of ,charles ,v4 #ccb ,ground ,plan of the ,generalife at ,granada #ccc ,the ,generalife #ccd ,the ,principal ,court of the ,generalife #cce ,the ,court of the ,fish-pond in the ,generalife #ccf ,promenades and ,gardens of the ,generalife #ccg ,the ,generalife #cch ,front ,view of the ,portico of the ,generalife #cci ,transverse ,section of the ,royal ,villa of the ,generalife #cdj ,gallery in the ,generalife #cda ,the ,generalife4 ,gallery in the ,acequia ,court #cdb ,the ,generalife4 ,entrance to the ,portrait ,gallery #cdc ,garden of the ,generalife #cdd ,elevation of the ,portico of the ,generalife #cde ,the ,acequia ,court in the ,generalife #cdf ,a ,corner of the ,acequia ,court in the ,generalife #cdg ,cypress ,court4 ,a ,corner in the ,acequia ,court #cdh ,the ,cypress of the ,sultana in the ,generalife #cdi ,a ,ceiling in the ,generalife #cej ,the ,generalife4 ,the ,acequia ,court from the ,main ,entrance #cea ,the ,generalife4 ,the ,acequia ,court from the ,interior #ceb ,exterior ,view of the ,generalife #cec ,entrance to the ,generalife #ced ,the ,generalife4 ,court of the ,sultana's ,cypress #cee ,the ,generalife4 ,the ,acequia ,court from the ,interior #cef ,south ,faade of the ,palace of ,charles ,v4 #ceg ,bas-relief in the ,palace of ,charles ,v4 #ceh ,bas-relief in the ,palace of ,charles ,v4 #cei ,gate of the ,granadas #cfj ,promenades and ,hotels of the ,alhambra #cfa ,the ,gate of ,justice and ,fountain of ,charles ,v4 #cfb ,environs of the ,alhambra4 ,fountain of ,charles ,v4 #cfc ,gate of ,justice4 ,principal ,entrance to the ,alhambra #cfd ,gate of ,justice #cfe ,wine ,gate4 ,east ,faade #cff ,environs of the ,alhambra4 ,tower of the ,peaks #cfg ,tower of the ,peaks #cfh ,general ,view of the ,alhambra from the ,silla del ,moro #cfi ,general ,view of the ,alhambra from the ,gypsy ,quarters #cgj ,general ,view of the ,alhambra from the ,generalife #cga ,view of ,granada and the ,alhambra from the ,sacromonte #cgb ,general ,view of the ,alhambra from ,san ,nicolas #cgc ,the ,watch ,tower1 the ,cathedral1 and ,granada #cgd ,villas on the ,banks of the ,river ,darro #cge ,a ,view of the ,alhambra #cgf ,villas on the ,banks of the ,river ,darro #cgg ,the ,watch ,tower and ,cathedral #cgh ,the ,red ,tower #cgi ,the ,homage ,tower and ,gypsy ,quarters3 exterior of their ,caves #chj ,carrera del ,rio ,darro #cha ,the ,gate of ,elvira4 ,the old ,entrance to the ,fortifications #chb ,washing ,place in the ,puerta del ,sol #chc ,courtyard of an ,arab ,house #chd ,a ,moorish ,archway #che ,interior of an old ,house in the ,calle del ,horno de ,oro #chf ,interior of an old ,house in the ,albaicin #chg ,the ,cathedral and ,general ,view #chh ,general ,view of the ,cathedral #chi ,general ,view of the ,exterior of the ,cathedral #cij ,entrance to the ,royal ,chapel #cia ,exterior of the ,royal ,chapel of the ,catholic ,sovereigns #cib ,detail of the ,exterior of the ,royal ,chapel #cic ,exterior of the ,royal ,chapel #cid ,exterior of the ,cathedral #cie ,exterior of the ,royal ,chapel #cif ,exterior of the ,cathedral4 ,the ,gate of ,pardon #cig ,gothic ,pinnacle on the ,royal ,chapel #cih ,the ,cathedral4 ,view from the ,choir #cii ,the ,cathedral4 ,general ,view of the ,chancel and ,high ,altar #djj ,bas-relief in the ,altar-piece of the ,royal ,chapel #dja ,general ,view of the ,chancel in the ,cathedral #djb ,the ,royal ,chapel4 ,sepulchre of the ,catholic ,sovereigns #djc ,the ,royal ,chapel4 ,detail of the ,sepulchre of the ,catholic ,sovereigns #djd ,the ,royal ,chapel4 ,sculpture of ,king ,ferdinand the ,catholic #dje ,sepulchre of ,ferdinand #djf ,sepulchre of ,isabella the ,catholic #djg ,portal of the ,church of ,san ,juan de ,dios #djh ,sepulchre of ,alonso ,cao in ,san ,gernimo #dji ,head of ,john the ,baptist #daj ,head of ,john the ,baptist #daa ,head of ,john the ,baptist #dab ,exterior of the ,cartuja ,monastery #dac ,sacristy in the ,cartuja1 ,left ,side #dad ,sacristy in the ,cartuja1 ,right ,side #dae ,cartuja4 ,sancta ,sanctorum #daf ,cartuja4 ,detail of the ,cupboards in the ,sacristy #dag ,altars in the ,cartuja4 ,pictures by ,sanchez y ,cotn1 a ,monk of the ,order #dah ,cartuja4 ,the ,immaculate ,conception4 ,by ,murillo #dai ,cartuja4 ,the ,virgin of the ,rosary4 ,by ,murillo #dbj ,cartuja4 ,st4 ,joseph and the ,child4 ,sculpture by ,alonso ,cao #dba ,cartuja4 ,st4 ,mary ,magdalene4 ,sculpture by ,alonso ,cao #dbb ,cartuja4 ,horsemen hanging ,martyrs4 ,by ,sanchez ,cotn #dbc ,cartuja4 ,the ,baptism of ,our ,lord4 ,by ,sanchez ,cotn #dbd ,cartuja4 ,the ,holy ,family4 ,by ,sanchez ,cotn #dbe ,the ,crucifixion of ,our ,lord4 ,by ,morales #dbf ,the ,conception of ,our ,lady4 ,by ,morales #dbg ,the ,gypsy ,quarters4 ,exterior of the ,caves #dbh ,the ,gypsy ,quarters4 ,an 8,at ,home0 #dbi ,gypsy ,dance in their ,quarters #dcj ,gypsy ,types at the ,doors of their ,caves #dca ,gypsy ,dance in their ,quarters #dcb ,gypsy ,dancers and their ,captain1 ,j4 ,amaya #dcc ,bridge of the ,genil #dcd ,general ,view #dce ,general ,view of the old ,albaicin #dcf ,general ,view from the ,watch ,tower #dcg ,old ,arab ,palace1 now the ,property of a ,spanish ,nobleman #dch ,the old ,town ,hall #dci ,the ,royal ,gate and ,street of the ,catholic ,sovereigns #ddj ,monument to ,columbus in the ,paseo del ,salon #dda ,the ,raw ,silk ,market #ddb ,the ,raw ,silk ,market4 ,ancient ,arab ,silk ,market #ddc ,exterior of an old ,house1 ,cuesta del ,pescado #ddd ,the ,court of ,justice #dde ,carrera del ,darro #ddf ,market and ,gypsy ,fair in the ,triunfo #ddg ,calle de ,san ,anton #ddh ,antequeruela ,quarter1 ,sierra ,nevada1 and the 8,last ,sigh of the ,moor0 #ddi ,carrera de ,genil and ,view of the ,sierra ,nevada #dej ,plaza de ,mariana ,pineda1 ,arab ,house1 and ,view of the ,sierra ,nevada #dea ,general ,view of the ,alhambra and of the ,sierra ,nevada from ,st4 ,michael #deb ,hutor ,high ,road and ,view of the ,sierra ,nevada #dec ,villas on the ,borders of the ,river ,darro #ded ,defile of the ,darro #dee ,the ,green ,bridge and ,view of the ,sierra ,nevada #def ,view of the ,sierra ,nevada #deg ,general ,view of the ,sierra ,nevada and the ,river ,genil #deh ,granada4 7,specially drawn for the ,spanish ,series7 #dei ,arms of ,granada #dfj ,plan of ,granada page #hi ,,granada ,,the ,,city ,,of ,,the ,,moor ,granada is the creation of the ,moors4 ,its history is all of them--the record of their glory and their fall4 ,the ,pomegranate1 as its conqueror styled it1 ripened only in the warm sunshine of ,islam1 and withered with its decline4 ,under the ,christian1 it fell from the rank of a splendid capital to a poor provincial town4 ,now it subsists merely as a great monument to a vanished race and a dead civilisation4 ,with ,granada before it became the centre of an independent kingdom1 we need concern ourselves but little4 ,its real interest dates from the establishment of the ,nasrite dynasty in the first half of the thirteenth century4 ,it was the time when the great ,almohade ,empire was breaking up4 ,probably all ,andalusia would have shared the fate of ,cordova and ,seville1 and the conquests of the ,catholic kings been anticipated by two centuries1 had not a young man of ,arjona1 ,ibn ,al ,ahmar by name1 determined to fashion for himself a kingdom out of the fragments of empire4 ,with an ever-increasing following1 he seized upon ,jaen in #abcb1 and obtained possession of ,granada itself in #abcg4 ,city after city opened its gates to him1 including ,malaga and ,almeria1 and in #abda he was recognised as ,lord and ,sultan of all the territory between the ,sierra ,morena and the ,pillars of ,hercules1 from ,ronda to ,baza4 ,a great man1 in every sense1 was this founder of the ,nasrite dynasty4 ,his presence was fine and commanding1 his manner bland and amiable1 his courage worthy of the heroic age4 ,for all his valour and prowess on the battlefield1 no monarch prized peace more highly4 ,he proved himself a true national hero and the father of his people4 ,he fostered industry and agriculture1 was a patron1 like all his race1 of arts and letters1 and encouraged immigration by every means in his power4 ,a far-sighted statesman1 he perceived that a state so limited in area as his own could only hope to exist by virtue of an unusual density of population1 and he offered every inducement to ,muslims from the provinces conquered by the ,christians to settle within his dominions4 ,granada was the last hope of ,islam in ,europe1 and he resorted to all possible means to safeguard it4 ,he concluded alliances with the rulers of ,morocco1 ,tlemsen1 and ,tunis1 and even of distant ,baghdad4 ,above all1 he neglected no means of humouring and conciliating the irresistible ,castilian4 ,he negotiated an alliance with ,fernando ,,iii41 binding himself to attend the ,cortes 7a curious stipulation for a ,mohammedan7 and to attend the king in his wars with #aejj lances4 ,this latter part of the bargain he was speedily called upon to fulfil1 and against his own co-religionists of ,seville4 ,it seemed an unnatural warfare1 but1 to palliate the iniquity1 let it be said that ,ibn ,al ,ahmar probably looked upon the ,almohade citizens of ,ishbiliah as heretics4 ,at all events1 whether his conscience approved his action or not1 he contributed in no small measure to ,fernando's success1 and was hailed enthusiastically as a conqueror upon his return to ,granada4 ,that the assistance he rendered was not looked upon as altogether voluntary by the people of ,seville is shown by the fact that thousands of them migrated to his dominions and settled there4 ,ibn ,al ,ahmar dreaded the might of ,castile4 ,the only hope for the ,mohammedans of ,spain lay1 he knew1 in rest and consolidation4 ,careful not to give offence to his dreaded neighbour1 he courteously received the revolted and exiled ,infante ,don ,enrique when he sought refuge at ,granada1 but sent him on to ,tunis with letters recommending him to the ,sultan of that country4 ,all his diplomacy1 however1 could not avert a war with ,alfonso1 and to add to his troubles1 the ,walis of ,guadix1 ,malaga1 and ,gomares revolted against his authority4 ,but an insurrection soon after broke out in ,castile1 and ,alfonso was compelled to leave the ,walis to fight their own battles4 ,ibn ,al ,ahmar1 an old man of eighty years1 wearily girded on his armour for another of the campaigns he had learned to hate4 ,but his time for rest had come at last4 ,a few miles beyond the gates of his capital1 his charger threw him1 as he rode at the head of his army4 ,he breathed his last at sundown1 by the roadside1 surrounded by his weeping warriors4 ,it was a dark night for ,granada4 ,al ,ahmar's son1 under the style of ,mohammed ,,ii41 succeeded him at the age of thirty-eight years1 on ,january #ba1 #abgc4 ,arabic historians have lavished their encomiums upon him1 as indeed upon most of his dynasty4 ,he is described as a warrior and a statesman1 as a man of letters and a poet of considerable ability4 ,during his reign of twenty-nine years1 he was almost continuously at war4 ,soon after his accession he crushed the rebel ,walis at ,antequera1 and then paid a visit to ,alfonso ,x4 at ,seville1 with a view to detaching the ,castilian king from his alliance with the defeated insurgents4 ,in this he was successful4 ,queen ,violante1 however1 at the conclusion of his visit1 asked of him a boon1 which1 according to the custom of the times1 as a true knight1 he was bound to grant4 ,he then discovered1 too late1 that he had been tricked into granting a year's truce to the ,walis4 ,smouldering with rage1 he returned to ,granada and spent the year in maturing plans for the complete overthrow of his enemies4 ,this he effected with the aid of the ,sultan ,yusuf of ,morocco1 whose army of #ajj1jjj men landed at ,tarifa in #abge4 ,the ,africans1 as on previous occasions in ,moorish history1 proved dangerous allies4 ,mohammed found himself embroiled in a long and absolutely unprofitable war with ,castile1 and had the mortification of seeing the ,africans possess themselves of ,algeciras1 ,tarifa1 and ,malaga4 ,he recovered possession of the latter town by bribing the governor to exchange it for the town of ,salobrea1 to be held as a personal acquisition2 and rid himself at last of the troublesome ,africans by means of an alliance with ,sancho of ,castile4 ,but in #acjb we find him again at war with the ,christians1 fighting against whom he died4 ,mohammed ,,iii4 was the worthy son of his father1 and is specially commended for his indefatigable energy4 ,he took a short way with traitors1 even for those rough times4 ,ibn ,nasr1 the governor of ,guadix1 having been removed from his office by the ,sultan1 exerted himself to form a faction in his favour4 ,mohammed ,,iii41 hearing of this1 summoned him to court1 and had him slain there and then in his presence4 ,a more honourable exploit was his conquest of the town of ,ceuta1 opposite ,gibraltar1 in the year #acjf4 ,with the rich spoils of the foray1 he built a magnificent mosque at ,granada1 resplendent with gold and silver1 jasper and marble4 ,his success perhaps excited the jealousy of the ,catholic powers4 ,attacked on either side by the ,kings of ,castile and ,aragon1 he was forced to conclude a humiliating peace4 ,on his return to his capital he was seized in the ,alhambra itself by a band of conspirators and forced to abdicate in favour of his brother1 ,muley ,nasr4 ,the new ,sultan began his reign with some military successes 7#acji74 ,he forced ,jaime of ,aragon to raise the siege of ,almeria2 but as a set-off1 he had to deal with conspiracies and rebellions at home1 the most formidable of these being headed by his nephew1 ,abu-l-,walid4 ,in the midst of these complications a curious incident occurred4 ,nasr was stricken with apoplexy and left for dead4 ,his deposed brother1 ,mohammed ,,iii41 was then released by some courtiers and brought to ,granada1 only to find that the usurper had recovered his health and his crown4 ,the luckless ,mohammed did not long survive his partisans' mistake4 ,but retribution speedily overtook his brother4 ,he was forced to yield to ,abu-l-,walid1 and was glad to be allowed to retire to ,guadix1 the sovereignty of which was allotted to him4 ,usurper though he was1 ,nasr conducted himself with the dignity of a philosopher4 ,his rival's triumph chagrined him not at all1 and when invited by ,pedro ,i4 to join him in an attack on ,granada1 he patriotically declined4 ,he was a brave man1 who did not complain at meeting the fate to which he had subjected others4 ,the new monarch of ,granada1 ,abu-l-,walid ,ismail1 was a fighter and a fanatic4 ,he was fond of saying that he believed only in ,god and his good sword4 ,his faith in the latter weapon was justified4 ,he annihilated a ,spanish army which had approached ,granada1 among the slain being the ,infantes1 ,don ,juan and ,don ,pedro2 and carrying his victorious arms eastwards1 wrested ,baza and ,martos from the enemies of his race4 ,but others also reposed their faith in the sword4 ,like another ,agamemnon1 he appropriated a beautiful captive1 the prize of the young ,mohammed of ,algeciras4 ,three days after his triumphal entry into his capital he fell at the gates of the ,alhambra1 a victim to the poniard of the man he had injured4 ,perceiving his sovereign to be at the point of death and resolving to avert the horrors of a disputed succession1 the ,wizir summoned the chief men of ,granada to the palace1 and announced that ,abu-l-,walid was recovering from his wounds4 ,the royal order was that all present should take the oath to the boy-prince1 ,muley ,mohammed ,ben ,ismail1 as successor to the kingdom4 ,when this command had been obeyed1 the wily ,wizir announced the death of ,abu-l-,walid and the accession of ,mohammed ,,iv4 ,this was in the year #acbe4 ,when he had freed himself from the control of an unpopular regent1 the young ,sultan displayed qualities of heart and mind in no way inferior to those of his progenitors4 ,it must be admitted that ,arab historians have been somewhat too partial to this line of kings1 for there is hardly one who is not described more or less explicitly as a paragon of all the virtues4 ,mohammed ,,iv4 had to fight hard to hold his own against the ,spaniards on one side and the ,africans on the other4 ,he took ,gibraltar1 and lost it again to ,abu-l-,hasan of ,fez4 ,but the ,african king was soon after obliged to ask his help to hold the fortress against the ,christians4 ,mohammed generously responded to the appeal1 fell like a thunderbolt upon the ,spanish camp1 and raised the siege4 ,he was ill repaid4 ,in ,august #accc1 he was imprudent enough to reproach his ,african allies with their inability to hold the fortress2 and a day or two later1 having sent his army home1 made an excursion to the summit of the ,rock4 ,he was followed by some among those he had reproached1 and quickly despatched by their poniards4 ,his body1 naked and mangled1 was found at the foot of the ,rock1 and conveyed to ,malaga4 ,no attempt seems to have been made to identify or to punish his murderers4 ,the ill-fated ,mohammed was succeeded by his brother1 ,yusuf ,i41 ,abu-l-,hejaj4 ,while possessed1 of course1 of the virtues which seem to have been inherent in the ,nasrite dynasty1 this prince was exceptional in being an ardent1 almost a passionate1 lover of peace4 ,he believed1 says ,don ,francisco ,pi ,margall1 that it was more glorious to remedy evils than to attempt perilous enterprises4 ,assisted by his able ,wizir1 ,redwn1 he revised the laws and purified the administration of justice4 ,he built a magnificent palace at ,malaga1 and the great aljama or mosque at ,granada1 of which no trace remains4 ,abandoning for once his settled policy1 he joined the ,africans in a war against ,castile4 ,he was badly beaten1 and was glad to negotiate a truce of ten years4 ,at the end of that time1 ,alfonso of ,castile died1 and the ,sultan of ,granada was stabbed to death by a madman1 while at his prayers in the mosque1 in the year #aced4 ,mohammed ,v4 was as virtuous and as unfortunate as his father4 ,he had reigned but four years when he was attacked in his own palace by the partisans of his half-brother1 ,ismail4 ,narrowly escaping death1 he fled to his harem1 and in the disguise of a slave eluded his pursuers and made his way to ,guadix4 ,ismail ,,ii4 ran a brief and inglorious career1 and was dethroned and slain 7#acfj7 by the 8,red ,king10 ,abu ,sad4 ,meantime1 ,pedro ,i4 of ,castile espoused the cause of the lawful sultan and invaded the territory of ,granada4 ,but the magnanimous ,moor would not consent to remount the throne at the cost of his people's blood4 ,pedro accordingly withdrew1 but freed ,mohammed from his enemies by murdering ,abu ,sad when the latter incautiously paid a visit to ,seville4 ,mohammed was reinstated on his throne1 and mindful of the services rendered him by ,pedro1 advanced to his support with a ,grenadine army against ,enrique de ,trastamara4 ,the tragedy of ,montiel made a continuance of the struggle useless1 and the ,moorish sultan devoted the remainder of his reign to improving the condition of his subjects4 ,he founded charitable institutions and asylums1 and raised ,granada to a high pitch of prosperity4 ,the city1 according to the contemporary writer1 ,el ,khattib1 became the metropolis of the ,mediterranean1 the emporium of commerce1 and the common fatherland of all nations4 ,under ,mohammed ,v41 the kingdom may be considered to have reached its zenith4 ,thence to its nadir we count but a century of years4 ,yusuf ,,ii41 who succeeded his father in #acia1 was so averse to war that his subjects suspected him of ,christian sympathies4 ,his son rose against him1 and the pacific monarch was disposed to abdicate rather than draw the sword4 ,the exhortations of the ,moroccan ambassador induced him to take a manlier course1 and putting himself at the head of the army lately arrayed against him1 he ravaged ,murcia with fire and sword4 ,it was against this peace-loving sultan that ,don ,martin de la ,barbuda1 the ,quixotic ,master of ,calatrava1 directed his wild expedition--defeated1 of course1 and emphatically disavowed by ,enrique ,,iii4 of ,castile4 ,yusuf's younger son and successor1 ,mohammed ,,vii41,a was a prince of a very different stamp4 ,accompanied by only twenty-five horsemen1 he penetrated to ,toledo1 and negotiated in the heart of ,castile with ,enrique ,,iii4 ,the peace thus concluded was soon interrupted1 and ,mohammed was quickly waging war throughout the length and breadth of ,andalusia4 ,the war continued with varying fortunes1 and was carried on1 as was usual in those days1 by a series of forays1 neither side making any determined effort to take the other's capital or to secure his conquests4 ,on feeling his end approaching1 the warlike ,sultan bethought him of his elder brother1 ,yusuf1 whom he had confined in the castle of ,salobrea4 ,fearing that the captive might now supplant his own son1 ,mohammed sent a messenger to command his execution4 ,yusuf was playing chess with the governor of the castle when the fatal mandate arrived4 ,he asked leave of the emissary to finish the game1 and before he had made the final move1 the news arrived of the death of ,mohammed and of his proclamation as ,sultan of ,granada4 ,yusuf showed himself as calm and unmoved at his accession to the throne as when he had stood upon the threshold of death4 ,as peaceably disposed as his father1 ,yusuf ,,iii4 had to withstand some of the most determined assaults upon his doomed kingdom4 ,in his reign took place the celebrated siege of ,antequera by the ,castilians1 the survivors of which founded the suburb of ,antequeruela adjacent to ,granada4 ,yusuf ultimately found peace and a valuable ally as the outcome of a strange story of fraternal animosity4 ,the people of ,gibraltar revolted against ,granada and proclaimed themselves the subjects of ,fez4 ,the ,sultan of that realm sent his hated brother1 ,abu ,sad1 to take possession of the town1 and treating him as ,david did ,uriah1 left him at the mercy of the enemy4 ,yusuf1 however1 treated the captured prince with generosity1 and showed him a letter which he shortly after received from the ,sultan of ,fez1 requesting that he might be poisoned4 ,thirsting for vengeance1 ,abu ,sad procured arms and soldiers at ,granada1 and1 invading ,morocco1 drove his perfidious brother from the throne4 ,thereafter he was the sworn ally of the ,sultan of ,granada1 whom ,castile and ,aragon no longer ventured to trouble4 ,yusuf ,,iii4 passed away in #adag4 ,the history of ,granada is henceforward one of almost continuous revolution and tumult4 ,mohammed ,,viii4 was driven into exile by a namesake reckoned as the ninth of his name1 and then restored by a counter-revolution4 ,a ,castilian army ravaged the ,vega up to the walls of the capital4 ,granada itself would have fallen1 had not ,juan ,,ii4 and the great ,constable1 ,alvaro de ,luna1 been recalled to ,castile by the disorders which resulted in the latter's overthrow4 ,an earthquake desolated the distracted kingdom2 and we may suppose that ,mohammed ,,viii4 was not altogether sorry when he abandoned his throne to a pretender and fled to ,malaga4 ,the new sultan1 ,yusuf ,,iv41 held his throne as a fief of ,castile1 the support of which he had to purchase with humiliating concessions4 ,he anticipated inevitable assassination by dying after sixteen months of authority2 and for the third time1 ,mohammed ,,viii4 was proclaimed at ,granada 7#adcb74 ,hostilities with ,castile were at once renewed4 ,this time the fortune of war was with the ,moors1 who routed their opponents at ,illora1 ,archidona1 and ,castril4 ,but ,mohammed ,,viii4's star was never long in the ascendant4 ,he quarrelled with the powerful family of the ,abencerrages2 and1 deprived of their support1 was finally expelled from his kingdom1 by his kinsman1 ,aben ,osmin4,b ,the usurper was victorious over the ,christians and took several strongholds1 but his army suffered at last a bloody defeat at ,alporchones4 ,this reverse seems to have maddened ,osmin1 who henceforward conducted himself as a tyrant of the old ,roman type4 ,revolutions had now become as frequent in ,granada as in some ,south ,american states4 ,the usurper ran his brief career1 and was then forced to make room for ,mohammed ,,viii4's cousin ,sad4 ,granada was all for peace4 ,tribute was paid to ,enrique ,,iv4 of ,castile1 ,christian captives released--all in vain4 ,the intermittent warfare went on as before4 ,jaen1 ,archidona1 ,gibraltar1 were lost1 despite the desperate valour of the ,prince1 ,muley ,hassan1 and of the ,chieftain1 ,ibrahim1 who1 on being vanquished1 plunged on horseback into the depths of a ravine4 ,at last1 however1 the distracted ,ibn ,ismail obtained peace for his wretched country by a personal interview with ,enrique1 outside the walls of ,granada4 ,he devoted the remainder of his reign to the encouragement of commerce1 industry1 and agriculture in his dominions--labour that did not benefit even those who were to succeed him2 and died at ,almeria in the year #adfe4 ,the knell of the ,moorish ,empire in ,europe was sounded over his bier4 ,the reigns of ,ali ,abu-l-,hassan1 ,mohammed ,,xi4 7,boabdil71 and ,mohammed ,,xii4 7,az-,zaghal7 covered the years #adfe-adib1 during which the downfall and extinction of the kingdom were accomplished4 ,the history of these events has already filled many bulky tomes1 and has been made familiar to ,english readers by the works of ,prescott4 ,even our brief survey1 however1 cannot be concluded without a summary of the last chapter of the story of ,granada4 ,the character of ,muley ,ali ,abu-l-,hassan was the reverse of his predecessor's4 ,he was arrogant1 impetuous1 and warlike1 a fanatical hater of the ,christians1 and a zealous ,muslim4 ,in the first years of his reign he gained some successes over the feeble ,enrique ,,iv41 and proved himself strong enough to quell a revolt at ,malaga4 ,but he let slip the opportunity of attacking the new sovereigns of ,spain1 ,ferdinand and ,isabel1 when they were engaged in war with the partisans of 8,la ,beltraneja10 nor did he make any attempt to effect an alliance with their numerous enemies4 ,state-craft does not appear to have been possessed to any great extent by the descendants of ,al ,ahmar4 ,in #adgf1 ,abu-l-,hassan condescended to sue for a renewal of the alliance with the ,queen of ,castile2 but when ,ferdinand of ,aragon made the payment of the tribute stipulated by ,ibn ,ismail a condition of the treaty1 the ,moor's proud nature revolted4 8,return to your sovereigns10 he said to the ,spanish ambassadors1 8and tell them that the sultans who paid tribute to the ,christians are dead2 that here we manufacture only iron spear-heads for our enemies40 ,these words sealed the fate of the ,moors in ,spain1 though the ruler who uttered them probably thought them merely the prelude to just such a frontier war as had raged intermittently for so many years4 ,the first act in the long-drawn-out drama was the capture of ,zahara by the troops of ,granada1 in #adha--provoked by the predatory incursions of the ,marquis of ,cadiz4 ,the ,christian garrison was surprised during a furious tempest1 and put to the sword4 ,the rest of the inhabitants were carried off in captivity to ,granada4 ,abu-l-,hassan1 inflated with pride1 returned to his capital4 ,there were popular rejoicings1 but the wiser ,moors shook their heads and predicted that the ruins of ,zahara would fall upon their own city4 ,the fiery chivalry of ,andalusia were not slow to retaliate4 ,two months after the capture of ,zahara1 the more important ,grenadine stronghold of ,alhama was taken by storm by the forces of the ,marquis of ,cadiz4 ,the news produced the utmost consternation in ,granada4 ,abu-l-,hassan at once set out with #ec1jjj men1 and invested the place4 ,ferdinand the ,catholic1 who had now conceived the idea of reducing the whole kingdom of ,granada1 hurried to its relief2 but he had only reached ,lucena when tidings arrived of the raising of the siege by the ,marquis's hereditary foe1 the ,duke of ,medina ,sidonia4 ,abu-l-,hassan returned to the attack a few weeks later1 and ,ferdinand resumed his advance1 before which the ,moors retired4 ,the ,catholic sovereigns made their triumphal entry into ,alhama on ,may #ad1 #adhb4 ,great preparations were made throughout ,castile and ,aragon for the prosecution of the war1 but the army actually assembled before ,loja on ,july #a--af1jjj men--fell far short of ,ferdinand's requirements and expectations4 ,the town was ably defended by one of the bravest ,moorish chieftains1 ,ali ,atar1 who repulsed the ,christians with severe loss4 ,the ,king of ,aragon narrowly escaped with his life1 and was compelled to beat a retreat4 ,abu-l-,hassan swept the country as far as the ,rio ,frio4 ,such a success1 if it had been followed up1 might have turned the scale in favour of the ,moors4 ,but at ,granada1 treason always followed closely on the heels of victory4 ,years before1 a beautiful ,christian captive1 ,doa ,isabel de ,solis1 daughter of the ,governor of ,martos1 had been added to the ,sultan's harem4 ,under the name of ,zoraya1 in the course of time1 she bore him a son1 ,abu ,abdullah1 and rose to the rank of favourite ,sultana4,c ,now1 jealous1 it is said1 of a ,greek slave1 or perhaps antagonised by the first ,sultana1 ,ayesha1 she fomented a conspiracy against her aged lord1 and was imprisoned with her son in the ,alhambra4 ,thence they contrived to escape1 and1 exciting the populace in their favour1 obliged ,abu-l-,hassan to seek refuge at ,malaga4 ,abu ,abdullah1 better known as ,boabdil1 or el ,chico 7the little71 reigned in his stead1 but ,baza1 ,guadix1 and other eastern towns remained faithful to their old allegiance4 ,these dissensions among the ,moors1 though ultimately benefiting the ,spaniards1 contributed indirectly to one of the most serious disasters that befell the latter during the campaign4 ,for an expedition against ,malaga1 headed by the ,marquis of ,cadiz and the ,grandmaster of ,santiago1 while threading its way through the passes of the ,ajarquia1 was attacked by the lieutenants of the old lion1 ,abu-l-,hassan1 and cut to pieces4 ,eight hundred ,spaniards were left dead on the field4 ,boabdil1 emulous of the glory his father had acquired1 marched out of ,granada with #igjj men1 and gave battle to the enemy under the ,count of ,cabra1 near ,lucena4 ,the ,moors were totally defeated1 their bravest general1 ,ali ,atar1 was slain1 and ,boabdil himself captured by a private soldier1 named ,martin ,hurtado4 ,had this unlucky prince been left in the hands of his enemies1 the war might have had a different result1 but his mother and followers at once made proposals for his release4 ,this was finally effected by a most dishonourable treaty4 ,boabdil was accorded a two years' truce1 covering all places that acknowledged his authority1 and in return bound himself1 not only to pay a tribute of twelve thousand golden ducats1 but to assist with supplies the ,spanish troops passing through his dominions to attack his own father4 ,having thus exchanged his honour for his liberty1 the miserable ,sultan returned to his capital1 to find that the old ,king had possessed himself of the ,alhambra4 ,a collision between the two factions deluged the streets of ,granada with blood4 ,the alfakis and ancients at length arranged an armistice1 and ,boabdil was suffered to retire to ,almeria1 which was assigned to him as capital and residence4 ,for the next four years1 the ,catholic sovereigns abstained from any important military demonstration1 contenting themselves with ravaging the wretched country and harrying its frontiers with incessant forays and marauding expeditions4 ,meanwhile1 a strong man appeared on the scene in the person of ,abu-l-,hassan's brother1 ,abdullah ,az-,zaghal4 ,determined to put an end to the divisions which1 more than the prowess of the ,spaniards1 were bringing about the ruin of his country1 this prince swept down upon ,almeria1 slew the governor1 took prisoner ,zoraya1 but failed1 alas6 to secure the person of ,boabdil1 who fled to ,cordova and placed himself under ,ferdinand's protection4 ,not long after1 ,abu-l-,hassan1 aged and worn out1 abdicated in favour of his warlike brother1 and died at ,mondujar4 ,this event strengthened ,boabdil's claims upon the tottering throne2 and he entered into a compact with his uncle1 whereby both were to reign in ,granada1 the one in the ,albaicin1 the other in the ,alhambra4 ,anxious to redeem his reputation1 the newly restored monarch attacked the ,christians near ,loja with vastly inferior forces4 ,he was soundly beaten and forced to take refuge in the ,alcazar of ,loja1 whence he was only allowed to emerge on renewing the humiliating treaty he had concluded at ,cordova4 ,he was not1 however1 disposed to yield the crown to his rival1 and returning to ,granada1 surprised and seized the ,alcazaba4 ,one of the most desperate conflicts recorded in the history of the city then occurred between the partisans of the rival sultans4 ,further bloodshed was at last averted by the intervention of ambassadors sent by ,ferdinand4 ,the old dual arrangement seems to have been temporarily resumed4 ,meanwhile1 ,ferdinand and ,isabel once more took the field1 and1 in #adhg1 they invested and captured ,velez-,malaga and the important city of ,malaga1 notwithstanding ,az-,zaghal's efforts to relieve both places4 ,the brave ,sultan now abandoned the capital to his nephew1 and established his headquarters at ,almeria4 ,he succeeded throughout the year #adhh1 in repelling an invasion of his province2 but in the following year1 after the fall of the strong city of ,baza1 he bowed1 as he himself expressed it1 to the will of ,allah1 and surrendered all the places in his possession1 including ,almeria and ,guadix1 to the ,catholic sovereigns4 ,mohammed ,,xiii41 as he is styled by ,moorish historians1 retired to ,algeria1 where he died1 years afterwards1 in indigence and obscurity4 ,there remained now1 of all the ,moorish dominions in ,europe1 but the single city of ,granada1 of which ,mohammed ,,xii41 ,boabdil1 was at last undisputed sovereign4 ,he formed the manly resolution to sell his hard-won crown as dearly as possible4 ,he sallied from ,granada1 took ,alhendin and ,marchena by assault1 and laid waste the country in possession of the ,christians4 ,summoned by ,ferdinand and ,isabel to surrender the city in accordance with an alleged treaty1 he replied1 and probably with truth1 that his proud and exasperated subjects would not permit him to do so4 ,the population of ,granada was swollen by refugees from all parts of the kingdom to thrice its normal figure4 ,the ,spanish king perceived that the surest method to reduce it was by blockade4 ,with #bj1jjj men1 including some of the first chivalry of all ,europe1 he entered the ,vega1 and built the town of ,santa ,f1 almost at the gates of the threatened city4 ,this permanent establishment of the ,infidels on their native soil plunged the ,moors into profound gloom4 ,no ray of hope remained to the unfortunate ,boabdil4 ,the city endured the horrors of a famine4 ,the ,spanish fleet precluded all hope of supplies from ,africa1 towards which country the wretched people still turned in expectation of help4 ,the negotiations for the capitulation which the ,sultan most reluctantly entered upon in ,october #adia1 had to be conducted1 through fear of the populace1 with profound secrecy4 ,indeed1 at the last moment1 ,boabdil1 in danger of his life1 besought ,ferdinand to accelerate his entrance into the city4 ,on ,january #b1 #adib1 accordingly1 the ,moorish king1 attended by fifty horsemen1 surrendered the keys to the ,catholic sovereigns on the banks of the ,genil1 passing on to the domain allotted him by the conquerors in the rocky ,alpujarras4 ,the story of his stopping to gaze for the last time on his former kingdom1 and of the rebuke administered to him by his mother1 is well known4 ,we are not told whether his eye caught the gleam of the great silver cross hoisted over the ,alhambra by ,cardinal ,mendoza by way of signal to the ,spanish host that the occupation of ,granada was completed and that the dominion of ,islam in ,spain was for ever at an end4 ,it had endured seven hundred and eighty-one years--a period only sixty years short of that which has elapsed since the ,norman ,conquest of ,england4 ,more remarkable still1 the ,sultanate of ,granada had survived the virtual break-up of the ,saracen empire by over two centuries4 ,when we consider its limited area1 its isolated position1 the might and the inveterate hostility of the neighbouring states1 and the attacks to which it was unceasingly subjected1 we cannot but feel the liveliest admiration for the valour and sagacity of its rulers and the stout-heartedness of its people4 ,had not the ,court been too often the theatre of contending factions1 had not those factions turned their swords against each other1 the ,sultanate of ,granada might have outworn ,spain's military and national vigour1 and have endured to our own day as a western ,turkey4 ,for the spirit of ,tarik1 of ,abdurrahman1 and of ,almansr was not altogether dead1 even in the brave but ill-starred sovereign to whom alone historians ascribe the downfall of the kingdom1 and whom they1 strangely enough1 accuse of effeminacy and weakness4 ,the ,moors of ,granada knew how to fight a losing fight2 in gambler's parlance1 when they had lost the tricks1 they struggled to win the honours4 ,they proved themselves worthy of their ancestors2 and the finest1 as it was also the latest1 monument of the ,mohammedan dominion in ,spain is ,granada the noble and the memorable4 ,,the ,,alhambra ,the ,alhambra1 or ,red ,palace1 the ,acropolis of ,granada1 is the finest secular monument with which the ,muslims have endowed ,europe4 ,it belongs to the last period of ,spanish-,arabic art1 when the seed of ,mohammedan ideas and culture had long since taken deep root in the soil and produced a style which might more properly be called ,andalusian than ,moorish4 ,if the ,muslims left a deep impression upon ,spanish thought and art1 it must not be supposed that they altogether escaped the influence of their ,christian neighbours4 ,during the last two centuries of their occupation the rigid puritanism of their creed was greatly relaxed1 especially as regarded art--always the reflection of the customs and spirit of a people4 ,the wave of the ,renaissance did not leave untouched the shrunken ,moorish empire1 and if ,castilian kings did not hesitate to employ ,muslim artisans in the construction of their cathedrals1 the ,sultans of ,granada did not disdain the advice of ,christian artists in the embellishment of their palaces4 ,the ,alhambra remains a thoroughly ,mohammedan monument1 but one which symbolises a phase of ,mohammedan culture and institutions almost peculiar to one country and epoch4 ,nowhere else and never since has ,islam reached such a pitch of refinement4 ,the ,alhambra stands as the high-water mark of its art and civilisation4 ,there will never be produced a new ,alhambra1 any more than a new ,parthenon or new ,pyramids2 for these great buildings were the expressions of ideas and aspirations peculiar to societies which have long ago perished4 ,thus1 the ,red ,palace of ,granada is not interesting merely as a ,mohammedan edifice left isolated in the far west of ,europe1 but as the monument of a people and a civilisation long dead and gone4 ,a sadness1 too1 attaches to it1 proceeding from the memory of the violent extinction of that people with a mission unfulfilled--fraught1 as it seems to have been1 with so much of light and beauty to the ,christian and the ,muslim worlds4 ,the ,sierra ,nevada thrusts forward a spur which overlooks ,granada on the south-east1 and is divided by two clefts or barrancos into three eminences4 ,the easternmost of these is crowned by the ,generalife1 the westernmost by the ancient fortifications known as the ,torres ,bermejas or ,vermilion ,towers4 ,the hill between the two--in shape aptly compared by ,ford to a grand piano--is that on which the various buildings1 collectively styled the ,alhambra1 are reared4 ,here there existed a settlement in remote ,celtiberian days2 and the later city of ,illiberis or ,elvira stood here1 and perhaps extended to the ,torres ,bermejas4 ,when the ,moors came they erected a fortress--the ,alcazaba--on the point of the ,alhambra hill1 overlooking the ,vermilion ,towers4 ,to this they gave the name of ,alhamra1 8the red10 as ,riao thinks1 to distinguish it from the ,alcazaba in the ,albaicin quarter1 or perhaps from some confusion of the new building with the old4 ,the builder1 according to ,al ,khattb1 was one ,sawar ,alcaysi1 who lived in the second half of the ninth century2 though ,contreras says it was known as the ,tower of ,ibn ,jaffir1 and ,ford names ,habus ,ibn ,makesen as the founder4 ,at all events1 the structure dated from the earliest period of the ,arabic domination1 and ,al ,ahmar found here1 on taking possession of ,granada1 a small town girdled with walls and defended by a citadel4 ,al ,khattb refers to the ,citadel of ,granada in these terms3 8,the southern part of the city is commanded by the suburb of the ,alhambra or ,medina ,alhamra1 the court of the sultanate1 crowning it with its turrets1 its lofty towers1 its strong bastions1 its magnificent ,alcazar1 and other sumptuous edifices1 which by their splendour ravish the eye and the soul4 ,there is1 too1 such an abundance of waters that1 overflowing in torrents from the tanks and reservoirs1 they form on the declivity streams and cascades1 whose sonorous murmurs are heard afar on4 ,at the foot of the walls are spacious gardens1 the domain of the ,sultan1 and leafy groves1 through the dense greenery of which the white battlements gleam like stars4 ,there is1 in short1 around the circuit of the walls1 no spot that is not planted with gardens and orchards40 ,the scene has not greatly changed since the ,arab wrote4 ,gurgling brooks still run down the slopes of the ,alhambra ,hill1 and nightingales sing in the thick woods of elm4 ,the ,alcazaba1 being the oldest part of the palace-fortress1 should be studied first4 ,it is entered by the ,torre and ,casa de las ,armas1 through a horseshoe arch in red brick1 with fine azulejos or glazed tiles4 ,to the left is the ,torre de ,homenage1 with which war and time have not dealt too gently4 ,it contains1 it is interesting to note1 a ,roman votive altar1 embedded by the ,moorish builders in the masonry1 and inscribed by 8the grateful ,valerius to his most indulgent wife1 ,cornelia40 ,at the opposite extremity of the ,alcazaba is the ,torre de la ,vela1 or ,watch ,tower4 ,it is in two storeys1 communicating by a dark and narrow staircase1 with loopholes in the wall4,d ,in this tower is hung a famous bell1 to be heard1 it is said1 at ,loja1 thirty miles away4 ,it is rung on the anniversary of the ,conquest of ,granada1 on which day it is the custom1 according to local superstition1 for damsels1 desirous of husbands1 to strike it with all their strength4 ,on the summit of this tower the cross was first planted by el tercer rey1 ,cardinal ,mendoza4 ,the view from the platform1 of city and snow-clad ,sierra1 luxuriant ,vega1 and white-walled towns and villages1 is as extensive as it is beautiful4 ,at the foot of the ,torre de la ,vela extends the place of arms1 defended by two towers1 now styled de los ,hidalgos and de la ,polvora1 and formerly known as the ,paniagua and ,cristbal del ,salto--names suggesting legends now forgotten4 ,an ancient document at ,simancas names among the towers connecting the ,alcazaba with the rest of the fortress1 the ,torre del ,adarguero1 8the ,tower in which dwelleth the servant of ,doctor ,ortiz10 the ,torre de ,alquiza1 the ,torre de ,hontiveros 7now the ,torre de las ,gallinas71 and the ,tower and ,room of ,machuca4 ,of these remains exist1 but of another tower1 referred to as the ,torre de la ,tahona1 no trace remains4 ,the ,alcazaba1 according to the most recent researches1 was separated from the site of the palace by a ravine where1 after the ,conquest1 cisterns were constructed by order of the ,conde de ,tendilla and over which the existing ,plaza de los ,algibes was formed4 ,these works appear to have necessitated the demolition of a wall which ran across from the ,torre de las ,gallinas on the north to the beautiful ,puerta del ,vino on the south4 ,this gateway is now quite isolated from the wall of circumvallation4 ,over the horseshoe arch is an inscription in stucco1 of the usual ,moorish character1 invoking the ,divine protection for the builder1 ,sultan ,mohammed ,v4 ,it appears to commemorate some striking victory4 ,over the arch again is a fine double window or ajimez4 ,on the keystone is seen the key1 so often figuring as a symbol in all parts of the ,alhambra1 with a ,g in ,kufic characters--perhaps the initial letter of the city4 ,the interior faade has a large horseshoe arch and the twin-windows above4 ,the ,puerta del ,vino was probably the entrance to the courts and gardens of the palace4 ,having crossed the ,plaza de los ,algibes1 we leave behind us the early ,moorish works1 and approach the buildings which owe their foundation to the ,nasrite or ,grenadine dynasty4 ,the story which credits ,al ,ahmar 7,mohammed ,i47 with the creation of the ,red ,palace in the middle of the thirteenth century appears to be well-founded1 for when the ,alhambra is referred to as existing in earlier times1 it is undoubtedly the ,alcazaba that is meant4 ,to the same hands may be safely attributed the great outer wall of the ,alhambra which girdles palace and fortress1 following the inequalities of the hill's contour4 ,al ,ahmar has left his device1 ,wa ha ghalib ila ,allah 7,there is no conqueror but ,god71 in many parts of the building4 ,these words were uttered by him in mournful deprecation of the acclamations of his subjects on his return from assisting the ,christians in the ,conquest of ,seville4 ,during the two and a half centuries of the ,nasrite rule1 the palace underwent many radical transformations and renovations1 so that it is difficult to distinguish between the works of the various sultans4 ,ford infers1 rightly as it seems to us1 from the frequent repetition of their names upon the walls1 that ,yusuf ,i4 and ,mohammed ,v4 had the largest share in the embellishment and restoration of the edifice4 ,since the ,reconquest many changes and additions have been made--notably the ,palace of ,charles ,v41 to which detailed reference will be made later4 ,the summit of the ,alhambra hill was probably peopled in ,al ,ahmar's time1 and it continued to be so during the reigns of his successors4 ,the population thus dwelling at the foot of the throne was mainly composed1 in later times at least1 of hangers-on at the ,court1 ex-favourites and discarded sultanas1 ulemas and doctors of the law1 soldiers of fortune1 and ambassadors1 permanent and extraordinary4 ,such powerful tribes as the ,beni ,serraj1 which exercised so much influence in the last stages of ,nasrite rule1 would also have had quarters for their leaders here4 ,the little town--which seems to have had no parallel before or since--extended from the eastern extremity of the hill to within as near the doors of the palace as the temper of the monarch for the time being may have permitted4 ,the precise limits of the palace1 even at the time of the ,conquest of the ,catholic sovereigns1 have never been ascertained4 ,portions of it were undoubtedly demolished to make room for the palace of ,charles ,v4 ,on the other hand1 it is recorded in the archives of the ,alhambra that various private houses were acquired for the purpose of enlarging the older building4 ,but making due allowance for demolitions1 extensions1 and restorations since the fifteenth century1 we have before us in the ,palace of the ,alhambra a magnificent example of the last or third period of ,hispano-,arabic architecture4 ,on the general plan of the edifice1 the remarks of ,contreras are worth quoting in extenso3 8,we penetrate into every ,arabic monument through an outlying tower1 or between two towers1 except in the dwelling-houses of the people1 in which case the entrance is by a small1 square opening1 a portal useless among us1 though seen with frequency in the ancient houses of ,andalusia4 ,a long1 narrow hall cuts the axis perpendicularly1 thus determining the distribution into two wings of the edifice4 ,by the meeting of the two axes is found the entrance1 before which we find those effects of perspective which are so fantastic in these buildings4 ,following the ingress we find a court with tanks and fountains1 with light and graceful arcades4 ,behind the second gallery1 following the same central axis1 are oblong naves which cross each other at right angles to the extreme end of the building1 where the cupolas or turrets of the innermost dwelling apartments rise majestically above the level of the edifice and are reflected in the waters of the basins4 ,the halls of a house of this kind1 according to its rank or grandeur1 were arranged in little pavilions on the long sides of the courts1 as various in their style of decoration as the tents of a ,turkish camp1 where the quarters of an ,amir may be found beside those of the common soldiers4 ,and if these rows of chambers are now found disposed according to the strict alignment of ,mudejar eaves1 it is an indication that the severe genius of the ,christian conquerors has transformed them1 not permitting those crests1 cupolas1 or steeples which disturb the symmetry of the decoration4 8,outside this plan1 absolutely classical1 which we may compare to a cross with the transverse arm prolonged and cut at various distances by perpendicular arms parallel to each other1 but of different length1 the ,spanish ,arabs found no other easy method of building1 so that1 while diminishing or prolonging the arms of the axis as much as the dependencies of the largest palaces might require1 they never departed from the system1 wherever they might build4444 ,this1 then1 is the true scheme of the ,alhambra1 and it is quite other than that conceived by the classicists of the eighteenth century1 with its faades1 angles1 and squares40 ,it must1 however1 be admitted that order is much more conspicuous in the decoration than in the ground plan of the palace4 ,all ,moorish ornamentation is based on a strictly geometrical scheme1 and every design may be resolved into a symmetrical arrangement of lines and curves at regular distances4 ,the intersection of lines at various angles is the secret of the system4 ,all these lines flow from a parent stem1 and no figure or ornament is introduced at random4 ,moslem ornamentation abhors irregularity and rejects symbolism4 ,the law of ,islam which forbade the delineation of living objects was not1 however1 always observed in this palace of half-,europeanised ,arabs4 ,simplicity and a love of the elementary characterise also the colouring of the decorations4 ,on the stucco work only the primary colours were used3 blue1 red1 and yellow4 ,the secondary colours occur only in the dados of mosaic4 ,the green groundwork of much of the ornamentation as it is to-day was formerly blue1 time having changed the tint of the metallic pigment employed4 ,the decoration of the surfaces seems to have been planned with strict regard to the colouring they were to receive4 ,both as regards decoration and colour1 allowance must always be made for innovations since the ,alhambra passed into ,christian hands4 8,let us look for a moment10 writes ,mr4 ,john ,lomas1 8at some points of detail--more especially of the ornamentation4 ,wherever the eye falls1 it may rest upon some fine bit of arcading or peristyle1 so delicate in the transparent tracery of its spandrils1 in the rich work of its capitals1 and its slenderness of pillar1 that one marvels at first how such fairy-like construction could stand for even a single generation4 #8,lovers' tears' they call this lace-work1 and they tell one to stand just within the dim hall or vestibule1 and get a vision of the blue sky that appears beyond as a little cloud of sapphires4 ,but it is surely better--an insight into a piece of truer art--to stand outside the eastern kiosk of the ,lion's ,court and looking through spandril1 vestibule1 and sala1 catch the light glinting through the distant opposite windows4 ,that is transparency of effect1 indeed6 ,one would like to meet with the architect who thought it out4 8,some of the irregularities which obtain here seem almost incredible4 ,what could be more satisfactory than this range of exquisite arcading1 its slender palm-like stems1 its gracefully stilted arches1 and the fairy filigree-work of the spandrils8 ,there seems to be not one single point that can offend the justest eye1 and yet there are nearly a dozen different archings1 differing in form1 or height1 or width2 the cloister varies in breadth at every turn2 the upper galleries are uneven2 the doorways are the personification of self-will2 the columns are placed1 sometimes singly1 sometimes grouped1 and the numbers of them on the respective sides in no way correspond4444 ,and1 nevertheless1 there is an all-prevailing symmetry--and harmony4 ,the whole is a triumph of accurately judged effect40 ,in a foot-note ,mr4 ,lomas adds3 8,as an instance of the careful way in which the architects of these olden days went to work1 it may be mentioned that the exact relation between the irregular widths of cloistering on the long and short sides of the court is that of the squares upon the sides of a right-angled triangle4 ,this obtaining of beautiful symmetry through irregularity is a strangely lost art40 ,we will now proceed to a more detailed description of the ,palace of ,al ,ahmar4 ,,the ,,patio ,,de ,,la ,,mezquita ,,and ,,adjacent ,,buildings4 ,recent researches have shown that the ancient ingress to the ,palace of the ,alhambra was by a doorway leading into what is now the chapel4 ,it is square in shape and has long been walled up4 ,above it may be deciphered the following inscription3 8,o place of the high kingdom and asylum of prodigious aspect6 ,thou hast achieved a great victory1 and the merits of the work and of the artificer are the glory of the ,imam ,mohammed4 ,the ,shadow of the ,most ,high be upon all60 ,this text is believed to refer to ,mohammed ,,iii4 7#acjb-acji74 ,the chapel1 which had been established by ,ferdinand and ,isabel adjacent to the ,patio de los ,leones1 was transferred to this part of the ,palace of ,philip ,,iv4 in #afba4 ,at that time a fine chimney-piece in the ,renaissance style was converted into an altar4 ,the apartment contains but few remains of its ,moorish builders4 ,without1 is the ,patio de la ,mezquita1 with an exquisite faade1 much disfigured by a modern gallery4 ,the walls are adorned with the oft-recurring device1 8,god alone is ,conqueror10 and with sentences extolling the sultans1 in various sorts of arabesques4 ,the inscription round the central window refers to ,mohammed ,v4 7#aced-acia74 ,the grand ,mosque of the ,alhambra was built in #acjh by ,mohammed ,,iii41 and was in good preservation until the occupation of the ,french1 who1 according to ,gayangos1 entirely destroyed it4 ,an account of it has been left to us by ,ibn-ul-,khattb1 the ,wizir of ,yusuf ,i43 8,it is ornamented with mosaic work and tracery of the most beautiful and intricate patterns intermixed with silver flowers and graceful arches1 supported by innumerable pillars of polished marble2 indeed1 what with the solidity of the structure which the ,sultan inspected in person1 the elegance of the design1 and the beauty of the proportions1 the building has not its like in this country1 and ,i have frequently heard our best architects say that they have never seen or heard of a building which can be compared with it40 ,little more remains of this superb temple than the small oratory entered through a door in the wall opposite the altar of the chapel4 ,here the mihrab is still to be distinguished4 ,before it1 ,yusuf ,i41 in the act of prayer1 fell a victim to the poniard of an assassin in the year #aced4 ,adjacent to the mihrab is the ruined tower of ,puales1 which presents many architectural points of difference from the rest of the palace1 and has features which may have suggested these characteristics of the ,mudejar style seen in other parts of ,andalusia4 ,the principal window of the tower was furnished with a wooden balcony with lattices similar to those seen in ,constantinople and ,cairo4 ,retracing our steps across the ,patio de la ,mezquita1 we reach the spacious ,court of the ,myrtles or of the ,fish-pond 7,patio de los ,arrayanes1 or de la ,alberca74 ,this is the court first entered by the visitor through the modern entrance4 ,it is one of the most beautiful parts of the palace1 and gives a foretaste of the glories that lie beyond4 ,one feels immediately transported to the ,east4 8,the originality of the architecture says ,don ,francisco ,pi ,margall1 the airy galleries1 its rich alhamis or alcoves1 the splendid apartments of which glimpses are obtained through its arches1 the fountains and foliage1 the reflection of its stuccoed walls in the waters of the pond1 the murmur of the breezes that agitate the dense myrtles1 the transparency of the sky1 the silence that reigns all about--all oppress the soul at the same time1 and leave us for some moments submerged in a sea of sensations which reveal to us little more than the harmony of the whole scene40 ,the court forms an oblong1 bounded at the north and south by two galleries supported on eight columns of white marble1 and to the east and west by walls pierced with doors and twin-windows covered with arabesques1 but differing in degree of ornamentation4 ,at each angle we find an alhami or alcove1 where the ,moors were accustomed to laze away the day1 extended on rich carpets and divans4 ,the walls of these little places are encrusted with reliefs in stucco1 their roofs are of the stalactite pattern4 ,along the middle of the court extends the alberca or fish-pond1 its margins hidden by orange trees and myrtles4 ,the clear water gushes up into two round basins at either end4 ,to the north1 the prospect is closed by the battlemented ,tower of ,comares1 to the south by the walls of the ,palace of ,charles ,v4 ,through one of the entrances can be seen the fountain in the ,patio de los ,leones4 ,the court is redolent of the languor1 voluptuousness1 and splendour of the ,east4 ,each arcade is composed of seven semicircular arches1 the central one reaching up to the cornice1 while the others1 much lower1 are closed with perforated woodwork or lattices4 ,the roof of the southern gallery is of artesonado or troughed form1 and bears seven small cupolas2 over the central arch of the northern gallery is a single cupola painted with little gold stars on a blue ground4 ,in this court there are numerous inscriptions1 of which the following are the most important4 8,go and tell true believers that ,divine help and ready victory are reserved for them40 8,i am like the nuptial array of a bride1 endowed with every beauty and perfection40 8,truly ,ibn ,nasr is the sun1 shining in splendour40 8,may he continue in the noontide of his glory even unto the period of his decline40 ,in the ,patio de la ,alberca is an arch differing altogether from all others in the ,palace4 ,only one surface is decorated1 and that with a principal or guiding figure made out by colours4 ,the ornaments approximate more closely than is usual in ,moorish architecture to natural forms1 and the arch has very much of a ,persian character4 ,this court is believed to have constituted the division between the male apartments1 frequented by the general public1 which we have already described1 and the ,harem1 or private quarters1 including the ,patio de los ,leones1 c4 ,we pass through a beautiful arch decorated with tasteful floral designs1 into the ,sala de la ,barca1 or ante-room of the ,hall of ,ambassadors4 ,this fine apartment1 formerly radiant with colours1 was seriously damaged in the fire of #ahij4 ,the ceiling of this hall1 says ,owen ,jones1 8is a wagon-headed dome of wood of the most elaborate patterns1 receiving its support from pendentives of mathematical construction so curious that they may be rendered susceptible of combinations as various as the melodies which may be produced from the seven notes of the musical scale2 attesting the wonderful power and effect obtained by the repetition of the most simple elements40 ,beyond this hall rises the ,tower of ,comares1 appearing to rest on the slenderest pillars and almost to be balanced in the air4 ,the real supports have been purposely kept out of sight4 ,the view from the summit of the massive battlemented tower is magnificent4 ,from this platform1 ,washington ,irving remarks1 the proud monarchs of ,granada and their queens have watched the approach of ,christian armies1 or gazed on the battles in the ,vega4 ,the walls of the tower are of surprising thickness4 ,the interior1 which is a square of #cg ft4 by #ge ft4 high up to the centre of the dome1 is occupied by the ,sala de ,embajadores1 the reception-room of the ,sultans4 ,it is the largest and perhaps the most imposing of the halls of the ,alhambra4 ,lifting our eyes1 we behold a glorious1 airy dome1 of artesonado work1 with stars and painted angles4 ,owen ,jones is of opinion that the present ceiling replaced an earlier one1 which was supported by an arch of brick4 ,the hall lacks its former pavement of marble1 its central fountain1 and the lattices that filled in its twin-windows4 ,but it is still adorned by a beautiful mosaic dado 7known as sofeisfa7 reaching to the wooden cornice4 ,numerous are the ,kufic and ,african inscriptions introduced into the decoration1 the motto of ,al ,ahmar being frequently repeated4 ,opening on to the hall are nine alcoves1 each with twin-windows1 which have replaced balconies4 ,the alcove opposite the entrance was the site of the ,sultan's throne1 as the long poetical inscriptions testify4 ,what gorgeous assemblies must have filled this saloon in bygone years--and what tumultuous scenes and fateful decisions must have been here enacted6 ,,the ,,patio ,,de ,,los ,,leones ,,and ,,adjacent ,,apartments4 ,the ,patio de los ,leones 7,court of the ,lions7 occupies1 with the chambers opening on to it1 the south-eastern quarter of the ,palace4 8,there is no part of the edifice that gives us a more complete idea of its original beauty and magnificence than this10 says ,washington ,irving1 8for none has suffered so little from the ravages of time4 ,in the centre stands the fountain famous in song and story4 ,the alabaster basins still shed their diamond drops2 and the twelve lions1 which support them1 cast forth their crystal streams as in the days of ,boabdil4 ,the architecture1 like that of all other parts of the palace1 is characterised by elegance rather than grandeur2 bespeaking a delicate and graceful taste1 and a disposition to indolent enjoyment4 ,when one looks upon the fairy tracery of the peristyles1 and the apparently fragile fretwork of the walls1 it is difficult to believe that so much has survived the wear and tear of centuries1 the shocks of earthquakes1 the violence of war1 and the quiet1 though no less baneful1 pilferings of the tasteful traveller3 it is almost sufficient to excuse the popular tradition1 that the whole is protected by a magic charm40 ,the court is an oblong measuring #aaf ft4 by #ff ft4 ,on each side is a peristyle or portico1 and at either end a graceful pavilion with a fine dome4 ,the supporting marble columns are #abd in number and #aa ft4 high4 ,they are placed irregularly1 sometimes singly1 sometimes in pairs--an arrangement which does nothing to mar the general impression of harmony4 ,the arches exhibit a similar variety of curve1 and spring from capitals decorated with rich foliage of various designs4 ,the space above the arches is filled in with the usual arabesque work1 and adorned with verses from the ,koran4 ,the ceilings of the porticos are enriched with delicate stucco work1 and the walls are covered to a height of five feet with a dado of blue and yellow azulejos1 bordered with blue and gold enamelled escutcheons bearing an ,arabic motto on a bend4 ,in the centre of the court is the fountain from which it derives its name4 ,this is composed of two basins 7in ,moorish times there was but one7 supported by twelve marble lions4 ,these ,arabian sculptures1 remarks ,ford1 are rudely but heraldically carved1 and closely resemble those to be seen supporting ,norman-,saracenic tombs in ,apulia and ,calabria4 8,their faces are barbecued1 and their manes cut like the scales of a griffin1 and their legs like bedposts1 while a water pipe stuck in their mouths does not add to their dignity40 ,indeed1 the consolatory reminder contained in the tremendously long inscription round the basin1 that there is nothing to be feared from these creatures1 for 8life is wanting to enable them to show their fury10 seems ludicrously unnecessary4 ,as specimens of ,arabian sculpture they are in all probability unique2 the builders of the ,alhambra were evidently not over-strict in the observance of their religion4 ,the inscription referred to has been versified by ,valera1 and runs into forty-four lines of ,castilian4 ,on the south side of the ,patio de los ,leones is the ,sala de los ,abencerrages 7,hall of the ,beni ,serraj71 so called because it is believed to be the scene of the massacre of thirty-six chiefs of that tribe by order of ,boabdil4 ,a reddish vein in the marble flooring is pointed out as the victims' indelible bloodstains4 ,the story has only the slenderest historical foundation1 and was first circulated by a writer of the name of ,gins ,perez de ,hita1 who lived in the sixteenth century4 ,according to some1 the usurper ,aben ,osmin 7#addf7 was beheaded here by order of the prince ,muley ,hassan2 but others1 writing of that confused period of ,granadine history1 say the tyrant fled to the mountains4 ,this chamber1 perhaps the most elegant in the ,alhambra1 does not seem a likely place for deeds of blood4 ,it is entered through a wonderfully graceful arch1 growing out of1 rather than springing from1 marble shafts4 ,the chamber is a square1 prolonged on the east and west by two alhamis or alcoves1 which are entered through exquisitely-curved arches4 ,but the glory of the ,sala de los ,abencerrages is its roof--its plan like that of a star1 with pendants or stalactites1 and sixteen windows in its vaultings4 8,its thousand stalactites10 writes ,don ,francisco ,pi ,margall1 8its colours1 its innumerable archings1 its crowns of stars1 its complicated depressions and projections1 its cones1 its polygons1 its accidents of light1 the effects of chiaroscuro1 present it at first sight as something confused1 indefinable1 indecipherable1 resplendent1 and vague1 like that broad band1 the ,milky ,way1 which crosses the pavilion of the heavens4 ,yet in reality it is most regular1 although irregular in appearance2 the compass of the geometrician had more to do in planning it than the genius of the artist2 but its lines are so many1 and their combinations change so rapidly1 that the scheme is only to be comprehended after a long and patient study40 ,the azulejos which face the walls date from the time of ,charles ,v4 ,in the centre of the hall is the marble basin beside which the ,beni ,serraj are fabled to have been slain4 ,opposite this hall1 on the north side of the ,lions' ,court1 is the ,sala de las ,dos ,hermanas 7or1 of the ,two ,sisters71 so called after two twin slabs of marble let into the pavement4 ,an exquisite arch gives admittance from the court to a narrow corridor1 which communicates on the right with the upper storey1 and with the mirador or latticed balcony1 from which the ladies of the ,harem would gaze into the patio below4 ,the hall is as rich1 as graceful1 as suggestive of ,eastern luxury and repose as that which we have just left4 ,in each wall is an arched opening1 two being entrances1 the others admitting to alcoves somewhat more shut off than in other parts of the ,alhambra4 ,above each arch is a window corresponding to the apartments in the upper storey1 now vanished4 ,the roof exhibits the same marvellous combinations of geometrical forms1 the same confused symmetry1 as are seen in the ,sala de los ,abencerrages4 ,indeed1 this hall is generally 7but not universally7 considered the more admirable of the two4 ,the surface of the walls is hidden beneath costly reliefs of stucco and azulejos4 ,inscriptions on the sixteen medallions and cartouches have been deciphered into a long poem by ,ibn ,zamrek1 composed in honour of ,mohammed ,v41 and translated into eleven verses of ,spanish by ,valera4 ,one verse exhorts us 8to look attentively at my elegance and reap the benefit of a commentary on decoration2 here are columns ornamented with every perfection1 the beauty of which has become proverbial40 ,in this magnificent apartment formerly stood the famous vase 7el jarron71 which tradition says was discovered in one of the subterranean chambers of the ,palace1 full of gold4 ,it is now in the little ,alhambra ,museum4 ,the vase1 which dates from the fourteenth century1 and is beautifully enamelled in white1 blue1 and gold1 is described by ,baron ,davillier in his work on ,spanish ,pottery4 ,beyond the ,hall of the ,two ,sisters is a long1 narrow apartment called the ,sala de los ,ajimeces 7,hall of the ,twin ,windows74 ,its ceiling and decorations are little inferior to those of the larger hall4 ,on the north side opens the exquisite ,mirador de ,lindaraja1 or prospect-chamber1 affording a delightful view of the garden beyond4 ,in wealth of detail and ornamentation1 this little bower of fifteen by ten feet surpasses all other parts of the ,palace4 ,in ,moorish days the ,sultanas could look from behind the lattices of the three windows across the town and the plain of the ,vega4 ,when their eyes wearied of the prospect they could scan the numerous poetical effusions traced upon the walls4 ,returning to the ,patio de los ,leones1 we enter1 at its eastern extremity1 the ,sala del ,tribunal1 or de la ,justicia4 ,this hall consists of seven chambers opening on to a common vestibule4 ,the four small rooms are square1 and are separated by three larger oblong apartments4 ,the same gorgeous colouring1 the same profusion of geometrical ornamentation1 here as elsewhere in the ,alhambra6 ,the arch over the central small chamber1 or divan1 is perhaps the finest in the whole ,palace4 ,but what renders this hall the most remarkable in the edifice is that it contains what are probably the only existing specimens of medival ,muslim figure painting4 ,the ceiling of the central alcove or alhami is adorned by a painting representing ten personages1 who were formerly supposed to be judges1 whence the name given to the hall4 ,they were intended1 more probably1 to represent the first ten sultans of the ,nasrite dynasty4 ,the painting1 like those in the other alcoves1 is done in bright colours 7gold1 green1 red1 c47 on leather prepared with gypsum4 ,the designs appear to have been sketched in brown4 ,the paintings in the other alhamis are of an even more interesting character4 ,in the first1 a castle with square towers and battlements is seen2 outside it is a lion led in chains by a maiden1 whose hands are rudely grasped by a savage with shaggy hair and beard4 ,a rescuer hurries to her assistance in the person of a ,christian knight1 armed cap--pie4 ,on the other side of the picture1 the same knight is shown attacked by a ,moorish cavalier1 who plunges a lance into his breast4 ,the ,moor is evidently out hunting1 for beneath the combatants' horses his dogs are chasing the wild boar and fox4 ,from the towers of the castle two fair ladies observe1 with evident pleasure1 the ,christian's overthrow4 ,in another part of the picture both knights are shown1 following the chase2 and a page is seen1 leaning against a tree1 with sword and shield1 presumably awaiting his master's return4 ,the second painting is entirely devoted to hunting scenes4 ,moors are seen chasing the wild boar1 while the ,christians occupy themselves with bears and lions4 ,the huntsmen are also seen returning and offering the spoils of the chase to their ladies4 ,the ,moor greets his sultana with a benign and condescending air2 the ,christian warrior kneels to the lady and offers his prize4 ,the most competent critics have now arrived at the conclusion that these paintings are of the fourteenth century1 and therefore executed under the ,muslim sovereigns1 in defiance of the precepts of the ,koran4 ,whether they were the work of a ,mohammedan it is not so easy to say4 ,gayangos has pointed out remarkable similarities between these paintings and those in the ,campo ,santo at ,pisa2 and on the whole it is probable that they were executed by an ,italian artist1 whom the ,muslims may not have scrupled to employ to do a thing for them unlawful4 ,a parallel instance of casuistry is that of ,london ,jews1 who on certain feasts employ ,christians to perform forbidden menial offices4 ,it should also be said that in the opinion of some modern ,muslim doctors the prohibition of sculpture and painting is not to be taken as absolute4 ,in the ,sala de la ,justicia was found a basin for ablutions1 now in the ,museum1 on which are interesting reliefs of lions1 deer1 and eagles4 ,according to the inscription1 this was designed in #acje for the service of the mosque1 a fact which seems to support the view of the authorities just mentioned4 ,it was in this hall that ,ferdinand and ,isabel caused ,mass to be celebrated after the ,reconquest1 and here that the cross was set up by ,cardinal ,mendoza4 ,the devices of the ,catholic sovereigns--the ,yoke and ,sheaf of ,arrows--have been introduced into the decoration of the alcoves4 ,the ruinous tower and apartment to the south of the ,hall of ,justice1 called the ,rauda1 appears to have been the mausoleum of the ,sultans4 ,the niches in which the turbehs were placed may still be distinguished1 and the long1 narrow trough used for the purification of the corpse4 ,in the ,museum may be seen three tablets with the epitaphs of the ,sultans ,yusuf ,,iii4 and ,mohammed ,,ii4 and of a prince ,abu-l-,hejaj1 probably the former's son4 ,of the few remaining apartments of the ,alhambra1 the most interesting perhaps is the ,tocador1 or ,queen's ,dressing-room1 at the side of the ,patio de ,lindaraja1 opposite the ,mirador de ,lindaraja4 ,this was the apartment occupied by ,washington ,irving1 according to his own showing3 8,on taking up my abode in the ,alhambra1 one end of a suite of empty chambers of modern architecture1 intended for the residence of the governor1 was fitted up for my reception4 ,it was in front of the ,palace4444 ,i was dissatisfied with being lodged in a modern apartment4444 ,i found1 in a remote gallery1 a door communicating apparently with an extensive apartment locked against the public4444 ,i procured the key1 however1 without difficulty2 the door opened to a range of vacant chambers of ,european architecture1 though built over a ,moorish arcade4444 ,this fanciful suite of rooms terminated in an open gallery with balustrades1 which ran at right angles with a side of the garden4444 ,i found that it was an apartment fitted up at the time when ,philip ,v4 and the beautiful ,elizabeth of ,parma were expected at the ,alhambra1 and was destined for the ,queen and the ladies of her train4 ,one of the loftiest chambers had been her sleeping-room1 and a narrow staircase leading from it 444 opened on to the delightful belvedere1 originally a mirador of the ,moorish sultanas1 which still retains the name of the tocador4 ,i determined at once to take up my quarters in this apartment4 ,my determination occasioned great surprise1 but ,i was not diverted from my humour40 ,this exquisite apartment is adorned by four sixteenth-century paintings1 representing the legend of ,phaton4 ,on the artesonado ceiling1 painted and gilded1 may be read the invocation3 8,the help and protection of ,god and a glorious victory for our ,lord1 ,abu-l-,hejaj1 ,amir of the ,muslims60 ,round the boudoir runs a gallery of nine arches on ,arabic pillars1 painted and decorated with the figures of ,faith1 ,hope1 and ,charity1 ,justice1 ,strength1 and ,temperance1 ,jupiter1 ,neptune1 ,plenty1 and the ,vestals' ,fire4 ,these paintings were the work of two ,italians1 ,giulio ,aquila and ,sandro ,mainere1 both pupils of ,raphael4 ,the charming little garden or patio of ,lindaraja or ,daraja1 which intervenes between this regal boudoir and the ,moorish mirador1 appears to have been originally called ,jin ,dar ,aja1 or garden of the palace of ,ayesha4 ,the old ,moorish garden that used to extend as far as the ,tower of ,comares is now confined by the walls of the ,sala de las ,ajimeces and three arcades of modern construction4 ,the fountain in the centre dates from the seventeenth century4 ,an enchanting spot is this1 with its cypress1 orange1 and citron-trees rising from trim hedges of myrtle and rose4 ,between this garden and the court of the ,alberca lie the baths--those indispensable adjuncts to the ,muslim household--most skilfully and artistically restored by ,contreras4 ,the plan is that usually followed throughout the ,east4 ,passing through the ,sala de las ,cmas or ,unrobing ,room1 where1 from a high gallery the songs of the odalisques were wafted down to the sultan reclining in one of the alcoves1 we enter the ,sala de ,baos1 with its white marble bath and pavement of glazed tiles4 ,this corresponds with the apartment called by the ,arabs1 the hararah1 or vapour-bath1 and described in ,lane's 8,manners and ,customs of the ,modern ,egyptians02 and it was under the graceful arcades which support the dome that the bathers underwent the kneading and rubbing processes lately introduced among us4 ,the chamber is lighted from above through star-shaped apertures4 ,the inscriptions refer to the felicity awaiting men in this palace of delight4 ,the bathing-apartments consist of three halls and two smaller chambers1 vulgarly called the ,infantas' ,baths4 ,,the ,,towers ,,and ,,gates ,,of ,,the ,,alhambra 8,the wall of the ,nasrites10 writes ,seor ,fernndez ,jimnez1 8of which scarcely a patch remains unimpaired1 measured about #adjj metres from one extremity to the other1 and was defended by twenty-six towers1 counting as one the two buttresses that defended the gate of the ,siete ,suelos4 ,to this number should properly be added the ,torre de las ,armas1 which is pierced by a gate common to the ,alcazaba and ,alhambra1 and is therefore also a ,nasrite work4 ,the citadel was fortified1 moreover1 by five bastions1 corresponding to as many gates1 and by various external defences1 of which traces remain in the modern alamedas4 ,the thickness of the towers varies according to their situation and purpose1 the distance between them ranging from #cd to #fd metres approximately40 ,at the present day we can count only fifteen towers1 the names of which are3 las ,aguas1 los ,siete ,suelos1 las ,cabezas1 la ,justicia1 la ,polvora1 los ,hidalgos1 la ,vela1 las ,armas1 las ,gallinas1 los ,puales1 las ,damas1 los ,picos1 del ,candil1 de la ,cautiva1 and las ,infantas4 ,the ,puerta de la ,justicia is the principal entrance to the ,alhambra4 ,it was built1 as the inscription over the arch relates1 by the ,sultan ,yusuf ,abu-l-,hejaj1 in #acdh4 ,here justice was administered in ,moorish days after the old patriarchal fashion4 ,above the arch is carved an open hand1 the signification of which is a matter of controversy4 ,the most probable explanation is that it is a religious symbol1 the five fingers typifying ,faith in ,god and the ,prophet1 and the commandments1 to pray1 to fast1 to give alms1 and to make the pilgrimage to ,mecca4 ,the inner arch is beautifully decorated with arabesques1 and with the symbol of the key4 ,the entrance is continued through another gate1 with winding passages contrived so as to embarrass an enemy4 ,the arch which gives egress from the tower shows some fine enamelling and festoons4 ,just outside this gate is the ,pilar de ,carlos ,v41 a fountain in the ,greco-,roman style1 erected by the ,alcaide ,mendoza in #aede4 ,it is ornamented with the ,imperial arms1 and sculptured heads of the river gods1 ,genil1 ,darro1 and ,beiro4 ,the double ,torre de los ,siete ,suelos flanks a gateway1 now walled up1 which was formerly the principal entrance to the fortress4 ,through it the unfortunate ,boabdil is said to have passed on his way to exile and obscurity4 ,the tower is so called because it is believed to descend seven storeys underground4 ,four subterranean chambers have been investigated4 ,here tradition places the site of much buried treasure1 and fables are told of phantom guards and enchanted sentries4 ,at the south-eastern angle of the enceinte is the ruinous ,torre del ,agua1 which derives its name from the aqueduct that at this point spans the ravine4 ,on the north-eastern side we reach the ,torre de las ,infantas1 the interior of which is a perfect model of the smaller ,oriental dwelling-house4 ,through a small vestibule we reach a covered-in patio with a fountain in the centre1 and alcoves opening out on three sides4 ,the ornamentation is graceful and original4 ,the tower is one of the most interesting parts of the fortress4 ,somewhat less complete and regular in its plan1 but even more elegantly decorated with rose-coloured tiles1 is the adjoining ,torre de la ,cautiva 7,captive's ,tower74 ,here the inscriptions resound the praises of ,abu-l-,hejaj and refer to the ,lion residing within these walls--a very different occupant from a captive6 ,the ,torre de los ,picos seems to have been so styled from the peaked battlements which crown it4 ,it evidently underwent extensive remodelling about the time of the ,spanish ,reconquest1 but some relics of the ,nasrite rule remain in the shape of some beautifully moulded twin windows4 ,the ,torre de ,ismal1 or de las ,damas 7,ladies' ,tower71 was given by ,mohammed ,v4 to his son ,ismal1 and has a richly decorated belvedere and a hall very tastefully ornamented4 ,the ruined tower of ,puales has some curious stucco decorations1 differing from those found in other parts of the palace4 ,between the ,torres de los ,picos and de las ,damas is a little mihrab or oratory built on the wall4 ,at the ,reconquest it was appropriated to the private use of one ,astasio de ,bracamonte4 ,though it has undergone deplorable 8restorations10 the kiblah or easterly niche and other indications of the ,muslim rite can still be made out4 ,strangely enough1 the portal is guarded by two ,moorish lions brought from the old ,mint--the injunctions of the ,mohammedan religion being thus ignored in its own temple6 ,the parish church of ,santa ,maria1 erected in #aeha1 occupies the site of the ,mosque of which ,al ,khattb appears to speak1 writing of the deeds of ,mohammed ,,iii4 7#acjb-acji74 8,and among his great actions1 the greatest and most remarkable was the construction of the great ,mosque or ,aljama of the ,alhambra1 with all that it contained of elegance and decoration1 mosaics1 and cements2 as well as lamps of pure silver and other great marvels4 ,in front of the ,mosque were the baths1 erected with the money levied from the ,christians in his dominions4 ,with the receipts from these baths the ,mosque and its ministers were maintained40 ,the modern church is of brick1 and contains nothing of note1 except a ,visigothic inscription1 referring to the construction of three temples1 dedicated to ,st4 ,stephen1 ,st4 ,john1 and ,st4 ,vincent1 in the years #eid and #fjg4 ,,the ,,palace ,,of ,,charles ,v4 ,the forlorn1 roofless palace in the classical style1 which seems so out of place amid these ,oriental buildings1 was begun by order of the ,emperor ,charles ,v4 in #aech4 ,it was never completed4 ,the ,flemish ,csar's intention seems to have been to establish a permanent residence here1 whence he could contemplate the beauties of the ,moorish palace4 ,the building is a quadrangle of four faades1 each seventeen metres high4 ,the lower storey is of the ,tuscan order1 the upper1 ,ionic4 ,some of the marble portals are very fine4 ,in the decoration appear allusions to the campaigns1 on sea and land1 directed by the ,emperor1 his motto1 ,plus oultre1 and the emblem of the ,golden ,fleece4 ,the interior of the palace is occupied by an imposing circular court1 with a gallery supported by thirty-two columns4 ,the staircase is loftily designed1 and altogether the palace1 if it had been completed and built almost anywhere else1 would have been a dignified memorial of ,charles's reign4 ,,the ,,generalife ,across an ivy-draped ravine--a perfect study in green and red--the ,palace of ,recreations1 the ,generalife1 overlooks the rugged walls of the ,alhambra4 ,the name is believed to have been derived from ,jennatu-l'arif1 8the garden of the architect40 ,the palace appears to have been built by a ,moor called ,omar1 from whom it was purchased by the ,sultan ,abu-l-,walid4 ,at the ,reconquest it became the property of a renegade prince1 ,sidi ,yahya1 who adopted the name of ,don ,pedro de ,granada1 and whose descendants1 the family of ,campotejar1 are to this day the actual owners4 ,the ,generalife cannot be regarded as an important monument of ,moorish architecture4 ,through the central court1 which measures #dh4gj by #ab4hj metres1 runs the conduit which irrigates the whole estate1 and connects with the ,acequia 7or canal7 de la ,alhambra4 ,the arcaded southern faade and the spacious hall adjoining have been altered in order to make a large vestibule4 ,the arcade resembles that of the ,court of the ,fish-pond1 and exhibits a poetical inscription declaring that ,abu-l-,walid restored the palace in the year #acai4 ,the halls of the ,generalife are of little interest in themselves1 and contain several portraits of doubtful authenticity4 ,those of ,ferdinand and ,isabel1 of ,juana la ,loca and her husband1 and of the fourth wife of ,philip ,,ii41 are the most important4 ,among the portraits of the ,granada family is one supposed to be that of ,ben ,hud ,al ,mutawakil1 the rival of ,al ,ahmar1 and ancestor of ,sidi ,yahya4 ,this seems to be the portrait which ,english travellers persist in mistaking for that of ,boabdil4 ,but if the palace is in no way remarkable1 the gardens are a veritable bower of beauty and delight4 ,water bubbles up everywhere and moistens the roots of myrtles1 cedars1 and tall cypresses1 the finest trees in all ,spain4 ,the legend of the ,abencerrage discovered in dalliance with a ,sultana1 beneath one of these cypresses1 is absolutely destitute of any sort of foundation4 ,the nature of the spot--so eminently fitted for love and lovers' trysts--may have suggested the story4 ,but the garden is ill-kept1 and many of the magnificent trees have been cut down4 99 99 99 99 99 ,in the city of ,granada itself the memorials of the ,moorish domination are scanty and fast disappearing4 ,in the ,zacatin1 which was in old times the chief bazaar1 is a building formerly styled the ,casa del ,gallo de ,viento 7,weathercock ,house71 and now known by the commonplace designation of ,casa del ,carbon 7,charcoal ,house71 owing to its having been appropriated to the storage of that useful product4 ,tradition avers that the palace 7for such the house at one time was7 was built by ,badis ,ibn ,habus1 a governor of ,granada1 who ruled about #ajgj ,a4,d41 by whose direction a vane was made in the shape of a warrior1 mounted and armed with shield and spear4 ,in later years the building served as a corn exchange4 ,the only notable features are the entrance with its horseshoe arch and twin-windows1 and vestibule with dome and alcoves4 ,adjacent to the ,casa del ,carbon is the house of the ,duque de ,abrantes4 ,beneath it is said to be a subterranean passage communicating with the ,alhambra--blocked up1 oddly enough1 by the present owner of the site1 without any exploration or examination4 ,entered from the ,carrera de ,darro is the once handsome ,moorish bath house1 now in the last stages of dilapidation and neglect4 ,it is believed to date from the earliest period of ,mohammedan rule4 ,the arches are of the old horseshoe type1 and the columns and capitals of a primitive order4 ,an inscription beginning1 8,in the ,name of ,god1 the ,merciful1 the ,compassionate 4440 may still be made out4 ,the bath itself1 the various chambers of repose and disrobing1 the usual alhamies1 can also be traced4 ,the old ,moorish mint was demolished in #afdc1 and the famous ,gate of ,bivarrambla can no longer be described in any sense as a ,mohammedan work4 ,the effacement of the ,moorish character of ,granada1 as compared with its survival in ,seville1 serves to show how much more intense the religious and racial bias became in ,spain during the two hundred and odd years that elapsed between the conquests of the two cities4 ,the spirit in which ,st4 ,ferdinand1 ,alfonso el ,sabio1 and ,pedro ,i4 approached the works of their ,mohammedan foes and subjects presented a very favourable contrast to that manifested by the ,catholic sovereigns1 ,charles ,v4 and ,philip ,,ii4 ,,catholic ,,granada ,almost the first act performed by a ,spanish king on his entry into a conquered ,mohammedan city was to convert the chief mosque 7aljama7 into a ,christian church4 ,this was also done at ,granada1 but the chapel of the ,alhambra remained for some time the cathedral of the new ,see4 ,the mosque in the city1 afterwards elevated to that rank1 is described by the ,abb ,bertaut of ,rouen 7quoted by ,valladar71 writing in #affi1 as 8square1 or rather longer than wide1 without vaults1 and the roof covered with tiles1 which for the most part were not even joined4 ,the whole was supported by a number of small stone columns1 harmoniously arranged40 ,jorquera says the mosque was composed of five low naves4 ,whether or not it was originally a ,visigothic church1 as some writers pretend1 the temple probably dated from the earliest centuries of the ,muslim occupation1 and the tower which contained the mihrab was long famous as the ,torre ,turpiana4 ,the building1 after serving the purposes of the ,catholic rite for two centuries1 disappeared between #agje and #agei to make room for the present sacristia 7sacristy74 ,as a cathedral1 it had been superseded by the adjoining and existing edifice1 dedicated on ,august #ag1 #aefa4 ,older by about a quarter of a century than the foundations of the cathedral is the ,royal ,chapel 7,capilla ,real71 which is the most striking and interesting memorial of the ,conquest of ,granada4 ,it was begun in #aeje as a mausoleum for the ,catholic sovereigns1 ,ferdinand and ,isabella1 under the direction of the famous ,enrique ,egas1 and completed in the year #aeag--;a year after the king's death and thirteen years after the queen's4 ,the chapel is shaped like a ,latin cross1 and is one of the latest specimens of the ,spanish ,gothic style4 ,it is a comparatively modest and simple building1 contrasting strongly with the ornate and elaborate structures of the succeeding age4 ,the decoration of the interior consists almost entirely in a frieze bearing a long inscription in gilt letters which reads3 8,this chapel was ordered to be built by the most ,catholic ,don ,ferdinand and ,doa ,isabella10 c4 c4 ,there is a suggestion of ,gothic influence in the magnificent railing or grille1 partly of iron1 partly gilt1 which divides the nave from the transept1 and was made in #aebb by ,maestre ,bartolome4 ,the kneeling figures of the ,catholic sovereigns are seen on either side of the high altar4 ,these1 says ,ford1 8are very remarkable1 being exact representations of their faces1 forms1 and costumes3 behind ,ferdinand is the victorious banner of ,castile1 while the absorbing policy for which both lived and died--the conquest of the ,moor and the conversion of the infidel--are embodied beneath them in singular painted carvings2 these have been attributed to ,felipe ,vigarny1 and are certainly of the highest antiquarian interest4 ,in that which illustrates the surrender of the ,alhambra1 ,isabel is represented riding on a white palfrey between ,ferdinand and the great ,cardinal ,mendoza1 who sits on his trapped mule1 like ,wolsey4 ,he alone wears gloves2 his pinched aquiline face contrasts with the chubbiness of the king and queen4 ,he opens his hand to receive the key1 which the dismounted ,boabdil presents1 holding it by the wards4 ,behind are ladies1 knights1 and halberdiers1 while captives come out of the gates in pairs4 ,few things of the kind in ,spain are more interesting4 ,the other basso-relievo records the #8,conversion of the ,infidel'2 in it the reluctant flock is represented as undergoing the ceremony of wholesale baptism1 the principal actors being shorn monks4 ,the mufflers and leg-wrappers of the women--the ,roman fasci--are precisely those still worn at ,tetuan by their descendants40 ,these reliefs are unquestionably more vigorous and artistic1 and also more in harmony with the structure generally1 than the gorgeous ,renaissance cenotaphs of ,ferdinand and ,isabella--most probably the work of the ,spanish sculptor1 ,bartolome ,ordoez4 ,the two great sovereigns are shown lying side by side1 the faces expressing infinite dignity and repose4 ,at each corner of the sepulchre is seated one of the four ,doctors of the ,church1 below whom is a ,sphinx4 ,medallions on two of the four sides represent respectively the ,baptism and ,resurrection of ,jesus1 and ,st4 ,george and ,st4 ,james4 ,beautifully done are the figures of the ,twelve ,apostles1 the escutcheons1 and1 in fact1 all the details of this grandiose but unimpressive monument4 ,the adjacent sepulchre of ,ferdinand and ,isabella's daughter1 the unhappy ,queen ,juana1 and of her husband1 ,philip ,i41 the ,handsome1 is inferior in design and execution4 ,the heads of the recumbent figures are not faithful portraits4 ,the reliefs represent the ,nativity1 the ,adoration of the ,magi1 the ,agony in the ,garden1 and the ,entombment4 ,in the niches are figures of the ,cardinal ,virtues 7not conspicuous in ,philip during life71 and at the corners the statues of ,saints ,michael1 ,george1 ,andrew1 and ,john the ,divine4 ,very beautiful are the figures of children1 and much of the heraldic decoration4 ,the whole is in the most florid style of the ,renaissance1 and was carved at ,genoa by order of ,juana's son1 ,charles ,v4 ,very different are the actual resting-places of the sovereigns so gorgeously commemorated in stone above4 ,descending to a narrow vault beneath the cenotaphs1 we find five rude coffins1 with iron bands4 ,herein repose the remains of ,ferdinand and ,isabella1 of ,juana and ,philip1 and of their son1 ,prince ,juan4 ,ferdinand's coffin may be identified by the letter ,f4 8,here10 writes ,pi ,margall1 8lie together in the dim light fathers and sons1 monarchs of three dynasties united in less than a century for the greater glory of the fatherland2 here lie the last princes of the ,medival ,age1 and those who at its close inaugurated the ,modern ,era4 ,here they lie--heroes and fathers of heroes--kings who never retreated before the face of danger1 and queens whose lives were consumed in the fire of profound love2 fortunate ones who1 returning from the battle1 found rest and refreshment in the arms of their beloved2 and unhappy souls who drained the cup of suffering1 without finding in the dregs even that lethargy which the excess of grief procures for some4 ,who can enter this murky precinct without feeling his heart swayed by contrary emotions--without inclining with reverence before the lead which covers the men who rescued the nations from the anarchy of feudalism8 ,while a tear may drop on the bier of that great princess ,isabella1 who can restrain his pity for that unhappy queen ,juana who1 intoxicated with love1 passed the night waiting for the dawn to break that she might go forth1 alone1 to the ends of the world1 in search of her adored husband1 and would not leave his coffin till the tomb had closed upon it80 ,we leave these great and unhappy ones of a bygone age1 passing away to nothingness in their last dark palace1 and ascend to the chapel4 ,there is not much more to see4 ,in the sacristy are preserved the crown and sceptre of the ,catholic queen1 the sword of ,ferdinand1 and some rich ,gothic vestments4 ,over an altar on the south side is a ,descent from the ,cross1 of which ,ford speaks highly4 ,the ,chapel ,royal communicates with the cathedral by a noble portal in the ,late ,gothic style4 ,the pillars on each side are adorned by the statues of kings-at-arms4 ,above the entrance an eagle upholds the ,arms of ,spain4 ,heraldic devices1 religious emblems1 and reliefs of saints and cherubim are mingled in the decoration1 which is beautiful and not over-elaborate4 ,the ,chapel ,royal1 though architecturally forming part of the cathedral building1 has an entirely independent ecclesiastical organisation of its own1 with its own chapter and clergy4 ,amusing instances are recorded of the bad blood existing between the cathedral canons and the royal chaplains4 ,this enmity 7says ,valladar7 was carried so far that once1 when the ,archbishop ,carrillo de ,alderete wished to visit the chapel1 attended by his canons1 the chaplains refused to admit them4 ,the archbishop accordingly caused the disobliging priests to be arrested1 whereupon a long lawsuit ensued4 ,the chaplains had the right of passage across the cathedral transept to the ,puerta del ,perdon1 which is the official or state entrance to the royal mausoleum--a privilege which seems to have galled the canons to the quick4 ,strange that such ludicrous bickerings should have arisen out of a foundation which commemorates the grandest and most epoch-making events in the national history4 ,truly from the sublime to the ridiculous there is but one step4 ,,the ,,cathedral ,the ,cathedral of ,granada was built adjoining and connecting with the ,chapel ,royal and sacristy or old mosque1 between the years #aebc and #aefa4 ,charles ,v4 preferred the ,gothic style1 but at last consented to the adoption of the designs of ,diego de ,siloe4 ,the church is described by ,ford as one of the finest examples of the ,grco-,roman style1 but the plan is distinctly ,gothic1 nor can the edifice be said to deserve the description1 8the most magnificent temple in ,europe after the ,vatican40 ,it is impressive in its severity and vastness1 and may be described as dignified rather than beautiful4 ,the faade1 said to have been designed by ,alonso ,cano1 is flanked by towers 7one unfinished7 and divided by four huge stone columns which support a cornice4 ,on this rest four pillars1 sustaining three deep1 gloomy vaultings4 ,at the foot of these pillars1 on the cornice1 are statues of the ,apostles4 ,the principal door is adorned with a high relief of the ,incarnation by ,risueo1 the side-doors with reliefs of the ,annunciation and ,assumption4 ,the tower on the left rises seventy-five metres above the level of the present floor2 its three stages are in the three styles of ,grecian architecture respectively4 ,the walls of the ,cathedral are1 to a great extent1 hidden1 as is so often the case on the ,continent1 by adjoining buildings4 ,the ,puerta del ,perdon1 which1 as we have said1 officially belongs to the ,chapel ,royal1 is ,diego de ,siloe's masterpiece1 and is elaborately sculptured4 ,over the arch two allegorical figures uphold a tablet on which is inscribed a dedication to the ,catholic monarchs4 ,the great flanking columns of the portal are decorated with huge escutcheons4 ,the introduction of heraldic symbols into religious architecture is nowhere more conspicuous than at ,granada4 ,the interior of the church1 which is paved with black and white marble1 is composed of five naves with a cross-vaulting in the ,gothic style1 supported by five piers1 each of which is composed of four ,corinthian pillars4 ,above the high altar at the east end of the structure rises a noble dome1 #bbj ft4 high1 resting on eight pillars1 and opening with a bold main arch1 #aij ft4 high4 ,the expansion of the ,capilla ,mayor 7principal chapel7 at this point into the segment of a circle is a clever feat of architecture4 ,lafuente says1 8,the daring of the main arch is admirable1 the way it is contrived creating a wonderful effect3 looking at it from the elliptical arches it appears to be extended and on the point of falling away through having sunk below its level40 ,the ,capilla ,mayor is a handsome1 profusely ornamented fabric1 supported on twenty-two ,corinthian columns in two courses4 ,between the lower columns are the elliptical arches referred to1 and on the upper course are the seven beautiful paintings of scenes from the ,blessed ,virgin's life1 by ,alonso ,cano4 ,between the courses are interesting paintings by ,juan de ,sevilla and ,bocanegra4 ,much of the statuary is good1 and the ,flemish stained glass in the fourteen windows is beautifully rich in colour and well executed4 ,the high altar itself1 the work of ,jos de ,bada1 is in a depraved style2 but its badness is redeemed by the two kneeling statues of ,ferdinand and ,isabella on either side by ,mena and ,madrano1 and by the bold1 great heads of ,adam and ,eve1 above the pulpits1 carved and painted by ,alonso ,cano4 ,in the centre of the middle nave1 separated from the ,capilla ,mayor by the transept1 is the choir1 in that debased ,churrigueresque style of which every one speaks ill4 ,the only things notable within it are the fine organs1 and the crucifix by ,pablo de ,rojas4 ,beneath the choir is entombed ,alonso ,cano 7died #affg71 one of the greatest of ,andalusian painters1 and a minor canon of the ,cathedral4 ,one of his most characteristic pictures--the ,virgn de la ,soledad--is to be seen over the altar of the ,capilla de ,san ,miguel 7the first chapel on the right on entering the church74 ,it was stolen in #ahgc1 and recovered in the city shortly after4 ,the chapel is beautifully adorned with red marbles and serpentine4 ,it was built by that high-minded1 beneficent prelate1 ,archbishop ,moscoso1 in #ahjd4 ,his tomb is by the sculptor ,folch4 ,in the chapel are placed--we do not know why--two elegant ,chinese vases4 ,between this and the next chapel is the entrance to the sacristy or old mosque1 and to the left of it a small picture1 before which that really saintly saint1 ,st4 ,john of ,god1 was accustomed to pray4 ,the ,capilla de la ,trinidad has some good paintings1 among them a ,trinity by ,cano1 two miniatures on copper by the same artist1 a ,death of ,st4 ,joseph by ,maratta1 and copies of works by ,raphael and ,ribera4 ,there are genuine ,riberas 7,the ,child ,jesus1 ,st4 ,laurence1 and ,st4 ,mary ,magdalene7 and more works by ,cano in the extravagant eighteenth-century chapel of ,jesus ,nazareno4 ,after this comes the handsome ,gothic door of the ,chapel ,royal1 by ,enrique ,egas2 and beyond that the ,chapel of ,santiago1 with a fine equestrian statue of the ,patron ,saint of ,spain1 presented to the ,cathedral by the ,city in #afdj4 ,the old painting of the ,virgen del ,perdon was given to ,isabella the ,catholic by ,innocent ,,viii41 and used to be carried about by the queen4 ,it is publicly venerated 7not worshipped or adored1 please note7 on the anniversary of the ,reconquest1 ,january #b4 ,passing the ,cathedral sacristy with its handsome door by ,siloe1 we pause before the ,puerta del ,colegio4 ,behind the sculptured ,ecce ,homo1 it is said ,maeda carved a ,lucifer of extraordinary beauty4 ,he applied to ,siloe for permission to give a proof of his skill1 and was told by the testy architect to sculpture the ,devil himself if he wanted to4 ,maeda was wag enough to take him at his word4 ,the chapel of ,santa ,ana covers the vault intended for the archbishops1 and contains a good sixteenth-century altar-piece1 and a ,st4 ,jean de ,matha 7a ,frenchman1 not a ,spaniard7 by ,bocanegra4 ,the six chapels that follow present no features of interest4 ,the fourth chapel on the left side of the ,cathedral is named ,la ,virgen de la ,antigua1 after a ,gothic image greatly venerated by ,ferdinand the ,catholic1 and regarded with great reverence by the devout of ,granada4 ,here are two portraits by ,juan de ,sevilla of ,ferdinand and ,isabella at prayer2 the king is clad in armour4 ,the paintings are in the ,venetian style4 ,of the retablo by ,cornejo1 the less said the better4 ,cano's realistic heads of ,saints ,john and ,paul reflect the fondness of the pietists of his day for the morbid--they are in the ,chapel of the ,virgen del ,carmen4 ,the first chapel1 or baptistry1 was erected by ,adam and ,aguado1 at the expense of ,archbishop ,galvan1 who is buried here near another occupant of the episcopal throne1 ,don ,bienvenido ,monzn4 ,the fine reliefs of ,saints ,jerome and ,isidore are by ,mora4 ,we have now reached the entrance doors1 on each side of which hangs a good painting4 ,the three pictures over the doors represent mystic allegories4 ,the most interesting feature of the chapter room1 or ,sala ,capitular1 is the noble porch1 with its figures of ,justice and ,prudence1 which1 with the group of the ,trinity1 may be safely attributed to ,maeda4 ,before leaving the ,cathedral1 the sacristy should be visited4 ,it contains ,cano's ,assumption and two small statues by him2 a ,crucifix by ,montaez2 a ,holy ,family1 by ,juan de ,sevilla2 and a ,mary ,immaculate by ,bocanegra4 ,the treasury contains some wonderfully embroidered vestments1 and good1 but not extraordinary1 examples of the silversmith's craft4 ,the signet ring of ,sixtus ,,iii41 and the monstrance presented by ,isabella1 have of course1 an historical interest4 ,a casket is also shown to visitors1 who are assured it is that in which were placed the jewels pawned by ,isabella to provide funds for ,columbus's first voyage4 ,if this is true1 ,pandora's box was as nothing compared to this one6 ,the ,queen's ,missal1 the work of ,francisco ,flores1 is beautifully illuminated4 ,it is placed on the high altar on the anniversary of the ,reconquest4 ,those interested in arms will handle with curiosity the sword of ,ferdinand the ,catholic2 the hilt has a spherical pommel and drooping quillons with branches towards the blade1 which is grooved for about two-thirds of its length4 ,other relics of the ,catholic sovereigns are their sceptre1 ,isabella's crown1 the royal standards used at the ,reconquest1 and a chasuble said to have been embroidered by the ,queen4 ,by the door next to the ,capilla de ,san ,miguel we pass into the ,sagrario 7sacristy7 occupying the site of the old mosque1 which it replaced in #agje4 ,it was designed by ,don ,francisco ,hurtado and ,jose de ,bada1 and it is well that the responsibility for so meretricious a piece of architecture should be divided4 ,it may be dismissed as ,churrigueresque4 ,it is not1 fortunately1 devoid of interest4 ,in one of the chapels is buried 8the magnificent cavalier1 ,fernando del ,pulgar1 ,lord of ,el ,salar10 as the inscription records4 ,this valiant knight and true1 during the last campaign against ,granada1 rode into the city with fifteen horsemen1 and set a lighted taper on the floor of the mosque1 and1 as others say1 nailed a paper bearing the ,ave ,maria on the door4 ,this exploit earned for him and his descendants the extremely valuable privilege of wearing their hats in the ,cathedral4 ,de ,pulgar's bones have fared better than those of the good ,archbishop de ,talavera1 which were scattered when the old mosque was demolished4 ,the ,sagrario possesses several good paintings1 including a ,san ,jos by ,cano1 of whose works the ,cathedral buildings1 as may have been noticed1 contain a fine selection4 ,by the door next to the ,capilla de ,pulgar1 and a darkish passage1 the ,chapel ,royal may be entered4 ,the oldest purely ,christian building in ,granada is the convent and chapel of ,san ,jeronimo1 a foundation transferred here from ,santa ,f immediately after the ,reconquest4 ,the convent is now a cavalry barracks1 and is not to be inspected by the curious4 ,the church1 built by ,diego de ,siloe1 is in the form of a ,latin cross--stern1 plain1 dignified4 ,the walls are adorned with frescoes representing scenes from the ,passion1 portraits of the ,fathers of the ,church1 and angels playing on the harp and singing4 ,they were executed in #agbc by an obscure painter called ,juan de ,medina4 ,eight chapels open on the aisles and nave1 one containing a fine retablo1 with the ,entombment as subject4 ,the principal chapel exhibits ,siloe's skill at its best4 ,he is said to have realised in its construction 8his lofty ideal of effecting a truly ,spanish ,renaissance2 an ideal which bore little fruit1 since some of his followers confined themselves to the strictest classicism1 others to the development of the plateresque40 ,very much in the spirit of the ,renaissance is the decoration of the chapel with the statues of the worthies of the classic world1 ,csar1 ,pompey1 ,hannibal1 ,homer1 and others1 side by side with ,old ,testament characters4 ,strange1 this admiration for a pagan civilisation co-existent with violent religious fanaticism against all contemporary non-,catholics6 ,the whole church was practically dedicated to the memory of ,spain's greatest soldier1 the ,great ,captain1 ,gonzalo de ,cordova1 who was buried here1 but whose ashes have been transferred to ,madrid4 ,the hero and his duchess are shown1 sculptured1 kneeling in prayer on either side of the high altar1 over which rises a magnificent retablo1 divided into several compartments filled with reliefs and statues4 ,the horizontal sections are in the ,doric1 ,ionic1 ,corinthian1 and composite ,orders respectively4 ,the lowest central compartment is occupied by the ,tabernacle1 the subjects of the three compartments immediately above being the ,immaculate ,conception1 ,st4 ,jerome1 and the ,crucifixion4 ,over all is shown the figure of the ,eternal ,father4 ,this splendid work1 the best of its kind in ,spain1 seems to have been executed by a variety of artists1 among them ,juan de ,aragon1 ,pedro de ,orea1 and ,pedro de ,raxis4 ,the beautiful shell-like vaulting above is adorned with figures of the ,apostles1 of ,saints ,barbara1 ,katharine1 ,magdalen1 and ,lucy1 and the warrior-saints1 ,george1 ,eustace1 ,martin1 ,sebastian1 and ,francis4 ,the sword given by the ,pope to the ,great ,captain1 formerly one of the treasures of the chapel1 was carried off by ,sebastiani during the ,peninsular ,war4 ,there are a great many beautiful things in this old church which seem to escape the ordinary traveller's notice4 ,the seats in the choir were designed by ,siloe4 ,the frescoes1 representing the ,triumph of the ,church1 of the ,virgin1 and of the ,eucharist1 the ,assumption1 c41 are very well done4 ,the restoration of the fabric has often been denounced1 but it is difficult to see how it could have been better carried out4 ,in the neighbourhood of the ,great ,captain's chapel is a monument to a hero and a great ,spaniard of a very different type4 ,juan de ,robles devoted himself to the sick and the suffering with a zeal which earned for him confinement in a madman's cage4 ,his virtues were recognised after his death1 and procured him canonisation as ,st4 ,john of ,god in #affi4 ,a tribute to his memory which he would have no doubt appreciated better is the large hospital founded two years after his death1 that is1 in #aeeb4 ,the saint's ashes1 in a silver coffin1 repose in the hospital chapel1 a gorgeous structure1 characterised by costliness and bad taste4 ,the trail of the serpent of ,spanish architecture--,churriguera--is over all4 ,all that is interesting in it is the portrait of the saint1 a copy of one in ,madrid4 ,the name of the ,great ,captain is associated with the ,cartuja1 or suppressed ,carthusian monastery1 the site of which was his gift4 ,the monastery1 begun in #aeaf1 was pulled down in #ahdb4 ,a small portion of the buildings1 however1 remains1 together with the church4 ,the single nave is disfigured by over-elaborate ornamentation in the plateresque style4 ,the doors of the choir are richly and tastefully inlaid with ebony and mother of pearl1 cedar and tortoise-shell1 and were the work of a friar1 ,manuel ,vazquez1 who died in #agfe4 ,the sanctuary1 in the baroque style1 is enriched with precious marbles1 some richly veined with agates4 ,on some of the slabs the hand of ,nature has traced the semblances of human and animal forms4 ,in the adjoining sacristy1 various marbles have been combined so as to produce an effect dazzling and gorgeous in the extreme4 ,the hall is certainly one of the most remarkable in ,spain4 ,scarcely less marvellous are the exquisitely inlaid doors and presses4 ,the generally bad style of the church is also redeemed by a statue of ,st4 ,bruno1 the founder of the ,carthusian ,order1 ascribed to ,alonso ,cano1 and some pictures by ,bocanegra1 ,giaquinto1 and ,cotn4 ,the last named1 a friar1 was responsible for the pictures in the cloister1 representing the martyrdom of ,carthusian monks in ,london by the tyrant ,henry ,,viii4 and the brigands who acted as his officers4 ,the ,cartuja was formerly much richer in works of art1 but1 like ,san ,jeronimo1 it was ransacked by the ,french under ,sebastiani1 who exhibited1 as on all occasions1 the discrimination of a dilettante coupled with the rapacity of a bandit4 ,in front of the church of ,santos ,pedro y ,pablo is a very handsome mansion built in #aeci for ,hernando de ,zafra1 secretary of the ,catholic sovereigns4 ,the portal is in three stages3 the first contains the entrance1 a square doorway1 between ,doric columns2 the second bears the escutcheons of the family1 above them being sculptured griffins and lions2 the third1 a balcony between pilasters1 carved in delicate relief4 ,in a line with this is another balcony1 bearing the curious inscription1 ,esperandola del ,cielo--8,looking for it from ,heaven40 ,these words are explained by a tragic legend4 ,de ,zafra is said to have suspected his daughter of a clandestine attachment4 ,to satisfy his doubts1 he burst into her room one day1 and found her page assisting the lover to escape by the window4 ,baulked of his prey1 the father turned1 with death in his face1 upon the boy4 8,mercy60 shrieked the page4 8,look for it in ,heaven60 answered the ,don1 as he hurled his daughter's accomplice from the balcony into the street below4 ,so runs the legend4 ,de ,zafra does not appear1 according to the records1 to have left any children2 but his daughter may not have survived the terrible consequences of her amour4 8,after all10 remarks ,valladar1 8nothing was easier in the sixteenth century than to throw a page out of the window without attracting the attention of the police or magistrates40 ,granada is by no means as rich in ancient churches and houses as ,seville4 ,the house of the ,great ,captain now forms part of the convent of ,carmelite nuns4 ,on the faade a tablet sets forth that 8,in this house lived1 and on ,december #b1 #aeae1 died1 the ,great ,captain ,don ,gonzalo ,fernandez de ,aguilar y de ,cordoba1 ,duke of ,sessa1 ,terranova1 and ,santangelo1 the ,christian hero1 and conqueror of the ,moors1 ,french1 and ,turks40 ,the early sixteenth-century ,casa de los ,tiros--the property1 like the ,generalife1 of the ,marques de ,campotejar--seems to occupy the site1 if it did not actually form part1 of a ,moorish fortified dwelling4 ,some think it was an advanced work of the fortifications known as the ,torres ,bermejas4 ,the interior certainly shows ,arabic influence4 ,the staircase was probably built by ,moors1 and there are rich azulejos and a splendid artesanado hall4 ,this is adorned with busts of various ,spanish celebrities1 with the graven heads of ,moors and ,christians1 and with reliefs of ,lucretia1 ,judith1 ,semiramis1 and ,penthesilea4 ,in this house is preserved an ,arabic sword with a magnificent hilt and scabbard1 said to have belonged to ,boabdil4 ,the scabbard1 at all events1 is unquestionably of workmanship posterior to the ,reconquest2 and it is well to be a little on one's guard in the matter of the numerous relics ascribed to the last ,moorish king4 ,of old ,granada1 in truth1 not much more remains than the buildings we have already named4 ,we may glance at the tower of ,san ,juan de los ,reyes1 so badly restored that its peculiar ,moorish architecture1 more markedly ,eastern than that of any other ,grenadine monument1 has been almost entirely effaced4 ,and in the old ,casa de ,ayuntamiento there are some historical curiosities1 notably the original draft of the charter granted to ,granada by the ,catholic sovereigns1 and the handsome official shield of the city4 ,many sites1 such as the ,plaza de ,bibarrambla1 commemorated in the songs and stories of old ,spain1 have been completely modernised4 ,but there is a monument--a simple column surmounted by an iron cross--more deeply interesting than any reared by the ,moors4 ,the inscription on the pedestal records that on this spot1 on ,may #bf1 #ahca1 ,doa ,mariana ,pineda was publicly garroted at the age of thirty-two years4 ,she died a martyr for liberty and a victim of the strange absolutist frenzy which did much to ruin ,spain in ,ferdinand ,,vii4's reign4 ,doa ,mariana's house had been a centre for liberal gatherings1 and when raided by the police was found to contain a tricolour flag4 ,she met her death with a courage worthy of her cause4 ,five years later1 when the nation had recovered its sanity1 her ashes were carried in state to the ,ayuntamiento4 ,the magistrate who had condemned her was in his turn executed4 ,on the same site many ,spanish patriots were shot by the ,french--their labour and their lives being given to replace ,ferdinand ,,vii4 on the throne4 ,the square1 formerly called the ,campillo1 is now named after ,mariana ,pineda4 ,you may see there her statue in marble1 sculptured by ,marna and ,morales4 ,the hill called the ,sacro ,monte is a curious memorial of human credulity4 ,in #aeid one ,francisco ,hernandez reported to the ,archbishop ,don ,pedro ,vaca de ,castro that he had discovered the relics of several local martyrs in the caves here4 ,a church of no architectural merit was raised on the spot1 and became a place of pilgrimage--the evidence that the martyrs referred to had ever existed being meanwhile wanting4 ,within the church are preserved some leaden books1 inscribed in ,arabic characters1 and supposed to contain the acts1 of the saints4 ,these works were the subject of a furious controversy in the seventeenth century4 ,the caves are interesting on account of their natural peculiarities1 and were quite probably catacombs used by the early ,christians of ,illiberis4 ,some rocks may be noticed1 in parts worn away by the repeated kisses of devotees4 ,there is a superstition that the person who kisses the stone the first time will marry within the year1 and that a second kiss will ensure to those already married an early dissolution of the conjugal tie4 ,on the opposite side of the city1 also in the outskirts1 is a little ,mohammedan oratory1 now disfigured and restored beyond recognition4 ,it is called the ,ermita de ,san ,sebastian1 and was the place where ,boabdil gave up the keys of ,granada to ,ferdinand and ,isabel4 ,when we walk through the streets of the modern ,granada1 with its tawdry churches and commonplace private houses1 it does not seem that the city has gained much by its change of masters4 ,but its decline was not at least very marked till many years after the ,reconquest4 ,the ,french invasion1 and still more the ruin of the silk industry1 completely undermined the prosperity of the place4 ,during the last century it lost its rank as the seat of a ,captain ,general4 ,but a new day is dawning for the proudest city of the ,moor1 as for all ,spain4 ,granada is content no longer to brood over its splendid past2 indeed1 its citizens seem to prize but lightly the monuments of those days4 ,there is a general appearance of wealth and elegance about the promenaders on the broad1 well-lighted paseos2 and1 thanks to the newly introduced manufacturing industry of beetroot sugar1 the ,vega has already resumed the flourishing smiling aspect it wore when a ,mohammedan amir called it his and the cry of the muezzin was heard from a hundred minarets4 ,,plan ,,of ,,granada ,,reference ,,to ,,plan ,,of ,,granada ,,buildings ,,and ,,places #a4 ,hospital of ,san ,lzaro4 #b4 ,church of ,san ,juan de ,letran4 #c4 ,hermitage of ,santo ,cristo de ,yedra4 #d4 ,san ,bruno and the ,cartuja4 #e4 ,the ,sacro ,monte4 #f4 ,the ,holy ,tomb4 #g4 ,cavalry ,barracks1 and ,san ,jernimo4 #h4 ,san ,juan de ,dios4 #i4 ,san ,juan de ,dios 7,street74 #aj4 ,lunatic ,asylum4 #aa4 ,bull ,ring4 7,plaza de ,toros47 #ab4 ,san ,ildefonso1 and ,avenue del ,triunfo4 #ac4 ,pay ,office4 #ad4 ,gate of ,elvira4 #ae4 ,gate of ,monaita4 #af4 ,san ,andrs4 #ag4 ,children's ,hospital4 #ah4 ,office for ,civil ,affairs4 #ai4 ,santos ,justo and ,pastor4 #bj4 ,institute of ,music4 #ba4 ,botanical ,garden and ,nunnery of ,piety4 #bb4 ,square of ,rull and ,godines4 #bc4 ,convent of the ,incarnation4 #bd4 ,santa ,paula4 #be4 ,elvira 7,street74 #bf4 ,san ,jernimo4 #bg4 ,orlando's ,balcony4 #bh4 ,san ,diego4 #bi4 ,san ,gregorio4 #cj4 ,san ,luis4 #ca4 ,arab ,ramparts4 #cb4 ,san ,miguel the ,greater4 #cc4 ,gate of the ,standards4 #cd4 ,el ,salvador4 #ce4 ,san ,jos4 #cf4 ,convent of the ,angel4 #cg4 ,ecclesiastical ,college4 #ch4 ,the ,cathedral4 #ci4 ,high ,school and ,palace of the ,province of ,granada4 #dj4 ,school of ,economics4 #da4 ,market ,place1 and ,palace of the ,archbishop4 #db4 ,court of ,first ,instance 7,plaza ,rib-,rambla74 #dc4 ,convent of ,augustines and ,la ,magdalena4 #dd4 ,house of ,grace4 #de4 ,puentezuelas 7,bridge74 #df4 ,square of ,marshal ,prim4 #dg4 ,town ,hall4 #dh4 ,santa ,teresa4 #di4 ,convent of the ,holy ,spirit4 #ej4 ,military ,office4 #ea4 ,carmelite ,convent4 #eb4 ,hospital for ,leprosy4 #ec4 ,santa ,ana4 #ed4 ,santa ,ins4 #ee4 ,convent of the ,conception4 #ef4 ,san ,juan de los ,reyes4 #eg4 ,ex-,convent of ,the ,victory4 #eh4 ,watch-tower of the ,alhambra 7,torre de la ,vela74 #ei4 ,the ,alhambra4 #fj4 ,gate of ,las ,granadas4 #fa4 ,gate of ,judiciary ,astrology 7,judiciria74 #fb4 ,the ,generalife4 #fc4 ,gate of ,hierro4 #fd4 ,san ,francisco 7formerly ,convent of ,st4 ,francis74 #fe4 ,the ,chair of the ,moor 7,silla del ,moro74 #ff4 ,the ,tower of the ,seven ,storeys 7,alhambra74 #fg4 ,the ,fountain of ,expiation4 #fh4 ,gate of the ,sun4 #fi4 ,convent of ,santa ,catalina4 #gj4 ,ecce ,homo4 #ga4 ,san ,cecilio1 and ,military ,hospital4 #gc4 ,santa ,escolstica4 #gd4 ,capuchin ,convent and ,santa ,maria ,egipciaca4 #ge4 ,san ,anton4 #gf4 ,gas ,works4 #gg4 ,public ,shambles4 #gh4 ,san ,sebastin and ,avenue del ,violn4 #gi4 ,las ,angustias4 #hj4 ,el ,salon4 #ha4 ,convent of ,santiago4 #hb4 ,museum of the ,academy of ,fine ,arts4 #hc4 ,monument of ,mariana4 #hd4 ,artillery ,barracks4 #he4 ,principal ,theatre 7,plaza de ,bailn74 #hf4 ,new ,square4 #hg4 ,zacatn4 #hh4 ,fish ,market4 #hi4 ,church of ,santiago4 #ij4 ,san ,nicols4 #ia4 ,convent of ,tomasas4 #ib4 ,bermeja ,towers4 #ic4 ,palace of ,charles ,v4 #id4 ,gate of the ,mills4 #ie4 ,san ,basil4 #if4 ,recreation ,grounds4 #ig4 ,cemetery4 #ih4 ,convent of ,san ,bernado and ,church of ,san ,pedro4 #ii4 ,san ,bartolom4 #ajj4 ,avenue of ,san ,basil4 #aja4 ,san ,cristbal4 #ajb4 ,hospital of ,corpus ,christi4 #ajc4 ,santa ,isabel la ,real1 and ,san ,miguel the ,less4 #ajd4 ,santa ,maria 7,ancient ,mosque of the ,alhambra74 #aje4 ,san ,matas4 #ajf4 ,gate of ,fajalanza4 #ajg4 ,mndez ,nuez 7,street74 ,illustration3 ,,granada ,illustration3 ,,plate #a ,,view ,,of ,,granada1 ,,showing ,,the ,,alhambra ,,and ,,the ,,sierra ,,nevada ,illustration3 ,,plate #b ,,general ,,view ,,of ,,the ,,alhambra ,illustration3 ,,plate #c ,,view ,,of ,,the ,,alhambra ,,from ,,the ,,sacromonte ,,road ,illustration3 ,,plate #d ,,the ,,alhambra ,,from ,,the ,,moor',s ,,seat--,,la ,,silla ,,del ,,moro ,illustration3 ,,plate #e ,,general ,,view ,,of ,,the ,,alhambra ,,from ,,san ,,nicol,s ,illustration3 ,,plate #f ,,view ,,of ,,the ,,gate ,,of ,,elvira ,illustration3 ,,plate #g ,a ,,view ,,of ,,the ,,alhambra ,,from ,,the ,,albaicin 7,sketch7 ,illustration3 ,,plate #h ,,view ,,of ,,the ,,cathedral ,,and ,,the ,,alhambra ,,from ,,san ,,ger,,nimo ,illustration3 ,,plate #i ,,view ,,of ,,the ,,sierra ,,nevada ,,from ,,the ,,carrera ,,de ,,las ,,angustias ,illustration3 ,,plate #aj ,,view ,,of ,,the ,,royal ,,gate ,illustration3 ,,plate #aa ,,view ,,from ,,the ,,tower ,,in ,,the ,,alhambra ,illustration3 ,,plate #ab ,,la ,,plaza ,,nueva ,illustration3 ,,plate #ac ,,monument ,,to ,,columbus ,,in ,,the ,,paseo ,,del ,,salon2 ,,the ,,sierra ,,nevada ,,in ,,the ,,distance ,illustration3 ,,plate #ad ,,the ,,street ,,of ,,the ,,catholic ,,sovereigns ,illustration3 ,,plate #ae ,,arab ,,silk ,,market ,illustration3 ,,plate #af ,,la ,,casa ,,de ,,los ,,tiros ,illustration3 ,,plate #ag ,,church ,,of ,,santa ,,ana ,illustration3 ,,plate #ah ,,limoges ,,enamel ,,triptych ,,which ,,belonged ,,to ,,the ,,gran ,,capit,n 7,,provincial ,,museum1 ,,granada7 ,illustration3 ,,plate #ai ,,altar ,,in ,,the ,,church ,,of ,,san ,,ger,,nimo ,illustration3 ,,plate #bj ,,house ,,in ,,the ,,calle ,,de ,,darro ,,the ,,palacio ,,de ,,justicia ,illustration3 ,,plate #ba ,,the ,,house ,,of ,,castril ,illustration3 ,,plate #bb ,,typical ,,gypsies ,,and ,,their ,,quarters ,illustration3 ,,plate #bc ,,gypsies ,,in ,,front ,,of ,,their ,,dwellings ,illustration3 ,,plate #bd ,,gypsy ,,dwellings ,,in ,,the ,,sacromonte ,illustration3 ,,plate #be ,,general ,,view ,,of ,,the ,,gypsy ,,quarters ,illustration3 ,,plate #bf ,,interior ,,of ,a ,,gypsy',s ,,cave ,illustration3 ,,plate #bg ,,group ,,of ,,gypsies ,illustration3 ,,plate #bh ,a ,,gypsy ,,family ,illustration3 ,,plate #bi ,,gypsies ,,bivouacking ,illustration3 ,,plate #cj ,,gypsies ,illustration3 ,,plate #ca ,,gypsies ,,clipping ,a ,,mule ,illustration3 ,,plate #cb ,,gypsies ,illustration3 ,,plate #cc ,,gypsies ,illustration3 ,,plate #cd ,,gypsy ,,dance ,illustration3 ,,plate #ce ,,interior ,,of ,,the ,,sacristy ,,of ,,the ,,cartuja ,illustration3 ,,plate #cf ,,interior ,,of ,,the ,,cartuja4 ,,the ,,sacristy ,illustration3 ,,plate #cg ,,interior ,,of ,,the ,,cartuja ,,church ,illustration3 ,,plate #ch ,,saint ,,bruno1 ,,by ,,alonso ,,cano1 ,,at ,,the ,,carthusian ,,monastery ,,of ,,granada ,illustration3 ,,plate #ci ,,exterior ,,of ,,the ,,royal ,,chapel ,illustration3 ,,plate #dj ,,the ,,gate ,,of ,,pardon ,,and ,,the ,,exterior ,,of ,,the ,,cathedral ,illustration3 ,,plate #da ,,fa,,ade ,,of ,,the ,,cathedral ,illustration3 ,,plate #db ,,exterior ,,gate ,,of ,,the ,,royal ,,chapel ,illustration3 ,,plate #dc ,,detail ,,in ,,the ,,royal ,,chapel ,illustration3 ,,plate #dd ,,ancient ,,gothic ,,entrance ,,to ,,the ,,royal ,,chapel ,illustration3 ,,plate #de ,,general ,,exterior ,,view ,,of ,,the ,,royal ,,chapel1 ,,upper ,,part ,illustration3 ,,plate #df ,,general ,,exterior ,,view ,,of ,,the ,,royal ,,chapel ,illustration3 ,,plate #dg ,,exterior ,,of ,,the ,,royal ,,chapel ,,fa,,ade ,,of ,,the ,,cathedral ,illustration3 ,,plate #dh ,,general ,,view ,,of ,,the ,,interior ,,of ,,the ,,cathedral ,illustration3 ,,plate #di ,,the ,,cathedral4 ,,general ,,view ,,of ,,the ,,interior ,illustration3 ,,plate #ej ,,the ,,cathedral4 ,,view ,,of ,,the ,,principal ,,nave ,illustration3 ,,plate #ea ,,the ,,high ,,altar ,,in ,,the ,,cathedral ,illustration3 ,,plate #eb ,,altar-,,piece ,,in ,,the ,,royal ,,chapel1 ,,by ,f4 ,,de ,,borgo,a ,illustration3 ,,plate #ec ,,the ,,cathedral4 ,,boabdil ,,giving ,,up ,,the ,,keys ,,of ,,granada ,,to ,,the ,,catholic ,,sovereigns4 ,,fragment ,,of ,,the ,,altar-,,piece ,,in ,,the ,,royal ,,chapel ,illustration3 ,,plate #ed ,,the ,,inner ,,choir ,,of ,,the ,,cathedral ,illustration3 ,,plate #ee ,,the ,,cathedral4 ,,tombs ,,of ,,the ,,catholic ,,sovereigns ,,in ,,the ,,royal ,,chapel ,illustration3 ,,plate #ef ,,view ,,of ,,the ,,royal ,,chapel ,,and ,,tombs ,,of ,,the ,,catholic ,,sovereigns1 ,,by ,p4 ,,gonzalvo ,illustration3 ,,plate #eg ,,royal ,,chapel4 ,,tombs ,,of ,,ferdinand ,,and ,,isabella ,illustration3 ,,plate #eh ,,vault ,,of ,,the ,,catholic ,,sovereigns ,,at ,,granada ,illustration3 ,,plate #ei ,,tombs ,,of ,,ferdinand ,,and ,,isabella1 ,,do,a ,,juana ,,and ,,philip ,,the ,,handsome ,illustration3 ,,plate #fj ,,tombs ,,of ,,ferdinand ,,and ,,isabella1 ,,do,a ,,juana ,,and ,,philip ,,the ,,handsome ,illustration3 ,,plate #fa ,,sceptre1 ,,crown1 ,,sword1 ,,mass-,,book1 ,,and ,,coffer ,,of ,,the ,,catholic ,,sovereigns ,illustration3 ,,plate #fb ,,relics ,,of ,,the ,,catholic ,,sovereigns ,illustration3 ,,plate #fc ,,royal ,,chapel4 ,,statue ,,of ,,queen ,,isabella ,,the ,,catholic ,illustration3 ,,plate #fd ,,statue ,,of ,,isabella ,,the ,,catholic ,illustration3 ,,plate #fe ,,chapel ,,of ,,san ,,miguel ,,in ,,the ,,cathedral1 ,,marble ,,sculpture ,illustration3 ,,plate #ff ,plan of the ,alhambra ,palace at ,granada ,illustration3 ,,plate #fg ,,general ,,plan ,,of ,,the ,,alhambra ,illustration3 ,,plate #fh ,,general ,,view ,,of ,,the ,,alhambra ,,from ,,san ,,nicol,s ,illustration3 ,,plate #fi ,,the ,,red ,,towers ,,from ,,the ,,ramparts ,illustration3 ,,plate #gj ,,view ,,of ,,the ,,alhambra ,,from ,,the ,,sacromonte ,illustration3 ,,plate #ga ,,general ,,view ,,of ,,the ,,alhambra ,,and ,,algibillo ,,promenade ,illustration3 ,,plate #gb ,,view ,,of ,,the ,,alhambra ,,from ,,the ,,cuesta ,,del ,,chapiz ,illustration3 ,,plate #gc ,,the ,,red ,,towers ,illustration3 ,,plate #gd ,,general ,,view ,,of ,,the ,,alhambra ,illustration3 ,,plate #ge ,,the ,,tower ,,of ,,the ,,peaks ,illustration3 ,,plate #gf ,,the ,,infantas' ,,tower ,,and ,,captive',s ,,tower ,illustration3 ,,plate #gg ,,view ,,of ,,the ,,watch ,,tower ,,and ,,granada ,illustration3 ,,plate #gh ,,view ,,of ,,the ,,ramparts ,,and ,,the ,,watch ,,tower ,illustration3 ,,plate #gi ,,the ,,aqueduct ,,tower ,,and ,,the ,,aqueduct ,illustration3 ,,plate #hj ,,the ,,gate ,,of ,,justice4 ,,detail ,,of ,a ,,door ,,in ,,the ,,court ,,of ,,the ,,myrtles ,illustration3 ,,plate #ha ,,the ,,alhambra ,,and ,,the ,,sierra ,,nevada ,illustration3 ,,plate #hb ,,granada1 ,,from ,,the ,,homage ,,tower ,illustration3 ,,plate #hc 8,,the ,,queen',s ,,dressing-,,room10 ,,at ,,the ,,summit ,,of ,,the ,,mihrab ,,tower1 ,,with ,,distant ,,view ,,of ,,the ,,generalife ,illustration3 ,,plate #hd ,,the ,,gate ,,of ,,justice1 ,,erected ,,by ,,yusuf ,i ,illustration3 ,,plate #he ,,the ,,tower ,,of ,,the ,,peaks ,illustration3 ,,plate #hf ,,the ,,captive',s ,,tower ,illustration3 ,,plate #hg ,,exterior ,,of ,,the ,,mosque1 ,,private ,,property ,illustration3 ,,plate #hh ,,tower ,,of ,,the ,,aqueduct ,illustration3 ,,plate #hi ,,ascent ,,to ,,the ,,alhambra ,,by ,,the ,,cuesta ,,del ,,rey ,,chico--,,lesser ,,king ,,hill ,illustration3 ,,plate #ij ,,the ,,ladies' ,,tower ,illustration3 ,,plate #ia ,,part ,,of ,,the ,,alhambra1 ,,exterior ,illustration3 ,,plate #ib ,,the ,,homage ,,tower4 ,,ancient ,,arab ,,ruins ,,in ,,the ,,alcaz,,ba ,illustration3 ,,plate #ic ,,gate ,,of ,,justice4 ,,the ,,alhambra ,illustration3 ,,plate #id ,,gate ,,of ,,justice 7,sketch7 ,illustration3 ,,plate #ie ,,the ,,gate ,,of ,,justice ,illustration3 ,,plate #if ,,plan1 ,,height ,,and ,,details ,,of ,,the ,,gate ,,of ,,the ,,law ,,commonly ,,called ,,of ,,justice ,illustration3 ,,plate #ig ,,elevation ,,of ,,the ,,ancient ,,gate ,,of ,,justice ,illustration3 ,,plate #ih ,,portal ,,commonly ,,called ,,the ,,gate ,,of ,,the ,,vine ,illustration3 ,,plate #ii ,,porch ,,of ,,the ,,gate ,,of ,,judgment ,illustration3 ,,plate #ajj ,,elevation ,,of ,,the ,,wine ,,gate ,illustration3 ,,plate #aja ,,transverse ,,section ,,of ,,part ,,of ,,the ,,alhambra ,illustration3 ,,plate #ajb ,,section ,,showing ,illustration3 ,,plate #ajc ,,heights ,,of ,,the ,,alhambra ,illustration3 ,,plate #ajd ,,promenades ,,at ,,the ,,entrance ,,to ,,alhambra ,illustration3 ,,plate #aje ,,the ,,hall ,,of ,,justice ,,and ,,court ,,of ,,the ,,lions ,illustration3 ,,plate #ajf ,,hall ,,of ,,justice4 ,,left ,,side ,illustration3 ,,plate #ajg ,,hall ,,of ,,justice1 ,,showing ,,fountain ,,of ,,court ,,of ,,the ,,lions ,illustration3 ,,plate #ajh ,,section ,,of ,,the ,,hall ,,of ,,justice 7,,looking ,,east7 ,illustration3 ,,plate #aji ,,section ,,of ,,the ,,hall ,,of ,,justice 7,,looking ,,towards ,,the ,,court ,,of ,,the ,,lions7 ,illustration3 ,,plate #aaj ,,vertical ,,section ,,of ,,the ,,hall ,,of ,,justice ,illustration3 ,,plate #aaa ,,details ,,of ,,the ,,hall ,,of ,,justice ,illustration3 ,,plate #aab ,,plan ,,and ,,window ,,of ,,the ,,hall ,,of ,,justice ,illustration3 ,,plate #aac ,,painting ,,on ,,the ,,ceiling ,,of ,,the ,,hall ,,of ,,justice4 ,no4 #a ,illustration3 ,,plate #aad ,,painting ,,on ,,the ,,ceiling ,,of ,,the ,,hall ,,of ,,justice4 ,no4 #c ,illustration3 ,,plate #aae ,,part ,,of ,,picture ,,in ,,the ,,hall ,,of ,,justice--,,the ,,moor',s ,,return ,,from ,,hunting ,illustration3 ,,plate #aaf ,,hall ,,of ,,justice--,,the ,,death ,,of ,,the ,,lion ,,at ,,the ,,hands ,,of ,a ,,christian ,,knight ,illustration3 ,,plate #aag ,,part ,,of ,,picture ,,in ,,the ,,hall ,,of ,,justice ,,representing ,a ,,christian ,,knight ,,rescuing ,a ,,maiden ,,from ,a ,,wicked ,,magician1 ,,or ,,wild-,,man-,o'-,,the-,,woods4 ,,the ,,christian ,,knight ,,is1 ,,in ,,turn1 ,,slain ,,by ,a ,,moorish ,,warrior ,illustration3 ,,plate #aah ,,part ,,of ,,picture ,,in ,,hall ,,of ,,justice--,,moorish ,,huntsman ,,slaying ,,the ,,wild ,,boar ,illustration3 ,,plate #aai ,,hall ,,of ,,justice--,,three ,,figures ,,from ,,the ,,picture ,,of ,,the ,,moorish ,,tribunal ,illustration3 ,,plate #abj ,,the ,,mosque ,,and ,,generalife ,illustration3 ,,plate #aba ,,court ,,of ,,the ,,mosque ,illustration3 ,,plate #abb ,,fa,,ade ,,of ,,the ,,mosque ,illustration3 ,,plate #abc ,,interior ,,of ,,the ,,mosque ,,in ,,the ,,alhambra ,illustration3 ,,plate #abd ,,interior ,,of ,,the ,,mosque ,illustration3 ,,plate #abe ,,elevation ,,of ,,the ,,portico ,,adjacent ,,to ,,the ,,mosque ,illustration3 ,,plate #abf ,,detail ,,of ,,the ,,entrance ,,door ,,of ,,the ,,mosque ,illustration3 ,,plate #abg ,,an ,,arched ,,window ,,of ,,the ,,mosque ,illustration3 ,,plate #abh ,,an ,,arched ,,window ,,of ,,the ,,mosque ,illustration3 ,,plate #abi ,,the ,,koran ,,recess ,,in ,,the ,,mosque1 ,,the ,,scene ,,of ,,yusuf',s ,,assassination ,illustration3 ,,plate #acj ,,the ,,mosque ,,from ,,koran ,,recess ,illustration3 ,,plate #aca ,,details ,,of ,,ornament ,,of ,,koran ,,recess ,,near ,,the ,,entrance ,,door ,,of ,,the ,,mosque ,illustration3 ,,plate #acb ,,cornice ,,and ,,window ,,in ,,the ,,fa,,ade ,,of ,,the ,,mosque ,illustration3 ,,plate #acc ,,vertical ,,section ,,of ,,the ,,mosque ,illustration3 ,,plate #acd ,,arab ,,lamp ,,in ,,mosque ,illustration3 ,,plate #ace ,,details ,,of ,,the ,,front ,,of ,,the ,,mosque ,,of ,,the ,,harem ,illustration3 ,,plate #acf ,,details ,,of ,,ornament ,,in ,,the ,,court ,,of ,,the ,,mosque ,illustration3 ,,plate #acg ,,details ,,in ,,the ,,court ,,of ,,the ,,mosque1 ,,eastern ,,fa,,ade ,illustration3 ,,plate #ach ,,ornament ,,in ,,panels1 ,,court ,,of ,,the ,,mosque ,illustration3 ,,plate #aci ,,window ,,in ,,the ,,hall ,,of ,,ambassadors ,illustration3 ,,plate #adj ,,entrance ,,to ,,the ,,hall ,,of ,,ambassadors ,illustration3 ,,plate #ada ,,hall ,,of ,,ambassadors ,illustration3 ,,plate #adb ,,section ,,and ,,elevation ,,of ,,the ,,interior ,,of ,,the ,,hall ,,of ,,ambassadors ,illustration3 ,,plate #adc ,,encaustic-,,tile ,,work ,,of ,,the ,,hall ,,of ,,ambassadors ,illustration3 ,,plate #add ,,ornament ,,in ,,panels1 ,,hall ,,of ,,ambassadors ,illustration3 ,,plate #ade ,,inscriptions ,,in ,,the ,,hall ,,of ,,ambassadors ,illustration3 ,,plate #adf ,,kufic ,,inscriptions1 ,,hall ,,of ,,ambassadors ,illustration3 ,,plate #adg 8,,wa ,,la ,,gh,,lib ,,ila ,,al60--,,there ,,is ,,no ,,conqueror ,,but ,,god6--,,the ,,famous ,,motto ,,of ,,mohammed ,i4 ,,and ,,his ,,successors4 ,,an ,,example ,,from ,,the ,,hall ,,of ,,ambassadors ,illustration3 ,,plate #adh ,,the ,,court ,,of ,,the ,,lions ,,from ,,the ,,templete ,,pomiente ,illustration3 ,,plate #adi ,,entrance ,,to ,,the ,,court ,,of ,,the ,,lions ,,through ,,the ,,pomiente ,,corner ,illustration3 ,,plate #aej ,,north ,,gallery ,,and ,,fa,,ade ,,of ,,the ,,hall ,,of ,,the ,,abencerrages ,illustration3 ,,plate #aea ,,the ,,court ,,of ,,the ,,lions ,,from ,,the ,,pomiente ,,corner ,illustration3 ,,plate #aeb ,,view ,,in ,,the ,,court ,,of ,,the ,,lions ,illustration3 ,,plate #aec ,,view ,,in ,,the ,,court ,,of ,,the ,,lions ,,from ,,the ,,hall ,,of ,,justice ,illustration3 ,,plate #aed ,,the ,,court ,,of ,,the ,,lions ,illustration3 ,,plate #aee ,,general ,,view ,,of ,,the ,,court ,,of ,,the ,,lions ,illustration3 ,,plate #aef ,,court ,,of ,,the ,,lions ,illustration3 ,,plate #aeg ,,north ,,gallery ,,in ,,the ,,court ,,of ,,the ,,lions ,illustration3 ,,plate #aeh ,,section1 ,,court ,,of ,,the ,,lions ,illustration3 ,,plate #aei ,,pavilion ,,in ,,the ,,court ,,of ,,the ,,lions ,illustration3 ,,plate #afj ,,fountain ,,and ,,east ,,temple ,,in ,,the ,,court ,,of ,,the ,,lions ,illustration3 ,,plate #afa ,,hall ,,of ,,justice ,,and ,,court ,,of ,,the ,,lions ,illustration3 ,,plate #afb ,,angle ,,in ,,the ,,hall ,,of ,,justice ,illustration3 ,,plate #afc ,,hall ,,of ,,justice ,illustration3 ,,plate #afd ,,ceiling ,,of ,,the ,,hall ,,of ,,justice ,illustration3 ,,plate #afe ,,the ,,mosque1 ,,and ,,view ,,of ,,the ,,generalife ,illustration3 ,,plate #aff ,,exterior ,,of ,a ,,window ,,in ,,the ,,mosque ,illustration3 ,,plate #afg ,,the ,,mosque1 ,,and ,,view ,,of ,,the ,,generalife ,illustration3 ,,plate #afh ,,interior ,,of ,,the ,,mosque ,illustration3 ,,plate #afi ,,court ,,of ,,the ,,mosque1 ,,west ,,fa,,ade ,illustration3 ,,plate #agj ,,interior ,,of ,,the ,,mosque1 ,,converted ,,into ,a ,,roman ,,catholic ,,church ,illustration3 ,,plate #aga ,,interior ,,of ,,the ,,mosque1 ,,converted ,,into ,a ,,roman ,,catholic ,,church ,illustration3 ,,plate #agb ,,jalousies ,,in ,,the ,,court ,,of ,,the ,,mosque ,illustration3 ,,plate #agc ,,entrance ,,to ,,the ,,hall ,,of ,,ambassadors ,illustration3 ,,plate #agd ,,balcony ,,in ,,the ,,hall ,,of ,,ambassadors ,illustration3 ,,plate #age ,,detail ,,of ,,the ,,hall ,,of ,,the ,,arched ,,windows ,illustration3 ,,plate #agf ,,detail ,,in ,,the ,,hall ,,of ,,the ,,abencerrages ,illustration3 ,,plate #agg ,,the ,,court ,,of ,,the ,,lions ,illustration3 ,,plate #agh ,,general ,,view ,,of ,,the ,,court ,,of ,,the ,,lions ,illustration3 ,,plate #agi ,,the ,,fountain ,,and ,,west ,,temple ,,of ,,the ,,court ,,of ,,the ,,lions ,illustration3 ,,plate #ahj ,,elevation ,,of ,,the ,,fountain ,,of ,,the ,,court ,,of ,,the ,,lions ,illustration3 ,,plate #aha ,,the ,,fountain ,,of ,,the ,,court ,,of ,,the ,,lions1 ,,with ,,details ,,of ,,the ,,ornament ,illustration3 ,,plate #ahb ,,plan ,,of ,,the ,,basin ,,of ,,the ,,fountain ,,in ,,the ,,court ,,of ,,the ,,lions ,illustration3 ,,plate #ahc ,,section ,,of ,,the ,,pavilion ,,in ,,the ,,court ,,of ,,the ,,lions ,illustration3 ,,plate #ahd ,,section ,,of ,,the ,,hall ,,of ,,the ,,two ,,sisters1 ,,and ,illustration3 ,,plate #ahe ,,section ,,of ,,part ,,of ,,the ,,court ,,of ,,the ,,lions ,illustration3 ,,plate #ahf ,,capital ,,in ,,the ,,court ,,of ,,the ,,lions1 ,,with ,a ,,scale ,,of ,,one ,,metre ,illustration3 ,,plate #ahg ,,details ,,of ,,the ,,centre ,,arcade ,,of ,,the ,,court ,,of ,,the ,,lions ,illustration3 ,,plate #ahh ,,frieze ,,over ,,columns1 ,,court ,,of ,,the ,,lions ,illustration3 ,,plate #ahi ,,detail ,,of ,,the ,,central ,,arch ,,in ,,the ,,court ,,of ,,the ,,lions ,illustration3 ,,plate #aij ,,the ,,first ,,six ,,verses ,,of ,,the ,,inscription ,,around ,,the ,,basin ,,of ,,the ,,fountain ,,of ,,the ,,court ,,of ,,the ,,lions ,illustration3 ,,plate #aia ,,entablature ,,in ,,the ,,court ,,of ,,the ,,lions ,illustration3 ,,plate #aib ,,cupola ,,of ,,the ,,pavilion ,,in ,,the ,,court ,,of ,,the ,,lions ,illustration3 ,,plate #aic ,,entrance ,,to ,,the ,,court ,,of ,,the ,,lions ,,little ,,temple1 ,,the ,,court ,,of ,,the ,,lions ,illustration3 ,,plate #aid ,,the ,,court ,,of ,,the ,,lions ,illustration3 ,,plate #aie ,,the ,,little ,,temple ,,the ,,fountain ,,the ,,court ,,of ,,the ,,lions ,illustration3 ,,plate #aif ,,the ,,court ,,of ,,the ,,lions ,illustration3 ,,plate #aig ,,the ,,court ,,of ,,the ,,lions1 ,,west ,,angle ,illustration3 ,,plate #aih ,,morocco ,,embassy1 ,,december1 #ahhe ,illustration3 ,,plate #aii ,,the ,,court ,,of ,,the ,,lions ,,from ,,the ,,west ,,temple ,illustration3 ,,plate #bjj ,,the ,,court ,,of ,,the ,,lions ,,from ,,the ,,west ,,temple ,illustration3 ,,plate #bja ,,west ,,gallery ,,in ,,the ,,court ,,of ,,the ,,lions ,illustration3 ,,plate #bjb ,,the ,,court ,,of ,,the ,,lions1 ,,fa,,ade ,,of ,,the ,,hall ,,of ,,the ,,two ,,sisters ,illustration3 ,,plate #bjc ,,the ,,court ,,of ,,the ,,lions1 ,,left-,,hand ,,angle ,illustration3 ,,plate #bjd ,,the ,,court ,,of ,,the ,,lions1 ,,fa,,ade ,,of ,,the ,,hall ,,of ,,the ,,two ,,sisters ,illustration3 ,,plate #bje ,,the ,,court ,,of ,,the ,,lions ,,from ,,the ,,entrance ,illustration3 ,,plate #bjf ,,detail ,,of ,,the ,,entrance ,,to ,,the ,,court ,,of ,,the ,,lions ,illustration3 ,,plate #bjg ,,detail ,,in ,,the ,,court ,,of ,,the ,,lions ,illustration3 ,,plate #bjh ,,mosaics1 ,,north ,,side ,,mosaics1 ,,south ,,side ,,the ,,court ,,of ,,the ,,lions ,illustration3 ,,plate #bji ,,hall ,,of ,,the ,,abencerrages ,illustration3 ,,plate #baj ,,hall ,,of ,,the ,,abencerrages ,illustration3 ,,plate #baa ,,hall ,,of ,,the ,,abencerrages ,illustration3 ,,plate #bab ,,hall ,,of ,,the ,,abencerrages ,illustration3 ,,plate #bac ,,wooden ,,doors1 ,,hall ,,of ,,the ,,abencerrages ,illustration3 ,,plate #bad ,,gallery ,,in ,,the ,,court ,,of ,,the ,,fish-,,pond2 ,,or1 ,,of ,,the ,,myrtles ,illustration3 ,,plate #bae ,,court ,,of ,,the ,,myrtles2 ,,or1 ,,of ,,the ,,fish-,,pond4 ,,fa,,ade ,,of ,,the ,,hall ,,of ,,ambassadors ,illustration3 ,,plate #baf ,,court ,,of ,,the ,,myrtles2 ,,or1 ,,of ,,the ,,fish-,,pond ,illustration3 ,,plate #bag ,,general ,,view ,,of ,,the ,,court ,,of ,,the ,,myrtles2 ,,or1 ,,of ,,the ,,fish-,,pond ,illustration3 ,,plate #bah ,,north ,,side ,,of ,,the ,,court ,,of ,,the ,,fish-,,pond2 ,,or1 ,,of ,,the ,,myrtles ,illustration3 ,,plate #bai ,,entrance ,,to ,,the ,,court ,,of ,,the ,,fish-,,pond2 ,,or1 ,,of ,,the ,,myrtles ,illustration3 ,,plate #bbj ,,gallery ,,in ,,the ,,court ,,of ,,the ,,myrtles2 ,,or1 ,,of ,,the ,,fish-,,pond ,illustration3 ,,plate #bba ,,general ,,view ,,of ,,the ,,court ,,of ,,the ,,myrtles ,,and ,,comares ,,tower ,illustration3 ,,plate #bbb ,,court ,,of ,,the ,,myrtles1 ,,east ,,fa,,ade ,illustration3 ,,plate #bbc ,,detail ,,in ,,the ,,court ,,of ,,the ,,myrtles ,illustration3 ,,plate #bbd ,,court ,,of ,,the ,,myrtles1 ,,east ,,fa,,ade ,illustration3 ,,plate #bbe ,,exterior ,,of ,,the ,,gallery ,,in ,,the ,,court ,,of ,,the ,,fish-,,pond2 ,,or1 ,,of ,,the ,,myrtles ,illustration3 ,,plate #bbf ,,the ,,court ,,of ,,the ,,fish-,,pond2 ,,or1 ,,of ,,the ,,myrtles ,illustration3 ,,plate #bbg ,,ornament ,,in ,,the ,,court ,,of ,,the ,,fish-,,pond2 ,,or1 ,,of ,,the ,,myrtles ,illustration3 ,,plate #bbh ,,court ,,of ,,the ,,myrtles2 ,,or1 ,,of ,,the ,,fish-,,pond ,,formed ,,by ,,yus,f ,i4 ,illustration3 ,,plate #bbi ,,the ,,court ,,of ,,the ,,fish-,,pond2 ,,or1 ,,of ,,the ,,myrtles ,,gallery ,,in ,,the ,,court ,,of ,,the ,,fish-,,pond2 ,,or1 ,,of ,,the ,,myrtles ,illustration3 ,,plate #bcj ,,the ,,hall ,,of ,,the ,,baths ,illustration3 ,,plate #bca ,,the ,,sultan',s ,,bath ,illustration3 ,,plate #bcb ,,the ,,sultana',s ,,bath ,illustration3 ,,plate #bcc ,,the ,,baths1 ,,hall ,,of ,,repose ,illustration3 ,,plate #bcd ,,chamber ,,of ,,repose ,illustration3 ,,plate #bce ,,section ,,of ,,the ,,hall ,,of ,,the ,,baths ,illustration3 ,,plate #bcf ,,longitudinal ,,section ,,through ,,the ,,baths ,illustration3 ,,plate #bcg ,,ground ,,plan ,,of ,,the ,,baths ,,in ,,the ,,alhambra ,illustration3 ,,plate #bch ,,ceiling ,,of ,,the ,,hall ,,of ,,the ,,baths ,illustration3 ,,plate #bci ,,plan ,,and ,,section ,,of ,,the ,,great ,,cistern ,,in ,,the ,,alhambra ,illustration3 ,,plate #bdj ,a ,,section ,,of ,,the ,,baths ,,in ,,the ,,alhambra ,illustration3 ,,plate #bda ,,chamber ,,of ,,repose ,,sultan',s ,,bath ,,constructed ,,by ,,yus,f ,i4 ,illustration3 ,,plate #bdb ,,interior ,,of ,,the ,,infantas' ,,tower ,illustration3 ,,plate #bdc ,,sections ,,of ,,the ,,infantas' ,,tower ,illustration3 ,,plate #bdd ,,interior ,,of ,,the ,,tower ,,of ,,the ,,infantas1 ,,upper ,,part ,illustration3 ,,plate #bde ,,balcony ,,of ,,the 8,,captive0 7,,isabel ,,de ,,solis71 ,,overlooking ,,the ,,vega1 ,,or ,,plain1 ,,of ,,granada ,illustration3 ,,plate #bdf ,,alcove ,,of ,,the 8,,captive0 7,,isabel ,,de ,,solis7 ,illustration3 ,,plate #bdg ,,interior ,,of ,,the ,,tower ,,of ,,the 8,,captive0 7,,isabel ,,de ,,solis7 ,illustration3 ,,plate #bdh ,,the 8,,captive',s0 ,,tower ,,from ,,the ,,entrance ,illustration3 ,,plate #bdi ,,interior ,,of ,,the ,,mosque ,,room ,,in ,,the 8,,captive',s0 ,,tower ,illustration3 ,,plate #bej ,,hall ,,of ,,justice ,,baths1 ,,the ,,chamber ,,of ,,repose ,illustration3 ,,plate #bea ,,balcony ,,of ,,the ,,favourite1 8,,lindaraja0 ,illustration3 ,,plate #beb ,,alcove ,,in ,,the 8,,lindaraja0 ,,apartments ,illustration3 ,,plate #bec ,,garden ,,of 8,,lindaraja10 ,,and ,,the ,,apartments ,,traditionally ,,said ,,to ,,have ,,been ,,occupied ,,by 8,,lindaraja0 ,a ,,favourite ,,sultana ,illustration3 ,,plate #bed ,,detail1 ,,interior ,,of ,,the ,,balcony ,,of 8,,lindaraja0 ,illustration3 ,,plate #bee ,,detail1 ,,lower ,,part ,,of ,,the ,,balcony ,,of 8,,lindaraja0 ,illustration3 ,,plate #bef ,,detail ,,of ,,the ,,central ,,part ,,of ,,the ,,balcony ,,of 8,,lindaraja0 ,illustration3 ,,plate #beg ,,the ,,queen',s ,,boudoir ,,and ,,distant ,,view ,,of ,,the ,,generalife ,illustration3 ,,plate #beh ,,the ,,queen',s ,,boudoir ,,and ,,view ,,of ,,the ,,generalife ,illustration3 ,,plate #bei ,,the ,,queen',s ,,boudoir ,,and ,,old ,,albaicin ,,quarter ,illustration3 ,,plate #bfj ,,the ,,queen',s ,,boudoir ,,and ,,defile ,,of ,,the ,,darro ,illustration3 ,,plate #bfa ,,lindaraja',s ,,garden ,,and ,,the ,,apartments ,,in ,,which ,,washington ,,irving ,,stayed ,illustration3 ,,plate #bfb ,,angle ,,of ,,the ,,balcony ,,of ,,lindaraja ,illustration3 ,,plate #bfc ,,balcony ,,of ,,the ,,favourite ,,lindaraja ,illustration3 ,,plate #bfd ,,interior ,,of ,,the ,,tower ,,of ,,the ,,captive1 ,,isabel ,,de ,,solis ,illustration3 ,,plate #bfe ,,exterior ,,of ,,the ,,captive',s ,,tower ,illustration3 ,,plate #bff ,,the ,,tower ,,of ,,the ,,captive1 ,,isabel ,,de ,,solis ,illustration3 ,,plate #bfg ,,interior ,,of ,,the ,,infantas' ,,tower1 ,,upper ,,part ,illustration3 ,,plate #bfh ,,interior ,,of ,,the ,,infantas' ,,tower ,illustration3 ,,plate #bfi ,,detail ,,of ,,the ,,upper ,,part ,,of ,,the ,,balcony ,,of ,,lindaraja ,illustration3 ,,plate #bgj ,,hall ,,of ,,the ,,two ,,sisters ,illustration3 ,,plate #bga ,,entrance ,,to ,,the ,,hall ,,of ,,the ,,two ,,sisters ,illustration3 ,,plate #bgb ,,interior ,,of ,,the ,,hall ,,of ,,the ,,two ,,sisters ,illustration3 ,,plate #bgc ,,hall ,,of ,,the ,,two ,,sisters ,illustration3 ,,plate #bgd ,,hall ,,of ,,the ,,two ,,sisters ,illustration3 ,,plate #bge ,,temple ,,and ,,fa,,ade ,,of ,,the ,,hall ,,of ,,the ,,two ,,sisters ,illustration3 ,,plate #bgf ,,view ,,in ,,the ,,hall ,,of ,,the ,,two ,,sisters ,illustration3 ,,plate #bgg ,,hall ,,of ,,the ,,two ,,sisters ,,from ,,the ,,entrance ,,door1 ,,built ,,by ,y,,suf ,i4 ,illustration3 ,,plate #bgh ,,upper ,,balcony ,,of ,,the ,,hall ,,of ,,the ,,two ,,sisters ,illustration3 ,,plate #bgi ,,hall ,,of ,,the ,,two ,,sisters ,,from ,,the ,,entrance ,,door ,illustration3 ,,plate #bhj ,,ceiling ,,of ,,the ,,hall ,,of ,,the ,,two ,,sisters ,illustration3 ,,plate #bha ,,detail ,,of ,,the ,,upper ,,story1 ,,hall ,,of ,,the ,,two ,,sisters ,illustration3 ,,plate #bhb ,,detail ,,of ,,the ,,lateral ,,windows ,,of ,,the ,,hall ,,of ,,the ,,two ,,sisters ,illustration3 ,,plate #bhc ,,detail ,,in ,,the ,,hall ,,of ,,the ,,two ,,sisters ,illustration3 ,,plate #bhd ,,panel1 ,,ornament1 ,,and ,,inscriptions ,,in ,,the ,,hall ,,of ,,the ,,two ,,sisters ,illustration3 ,,plate #bhe ,,inscription ,,in ,,the ,,hall ,,of ,,the ,,two ,,sisters ,illustration3 ,,plate #bhf ,,frieze ,,in ,,the ,,hall ,,of ,,the ,,two ,,sisters ,illustration3 ,,plate #bhg ,,panel ,,on ,,jambs ,,of ,,doorways1 ,,hall ,,of ,,the ,,two ,,sisters ,illustration3 ,,plate #bhh ,,details ,,of ,,the ,,glazed ,,tiles ,,in ,,the ,,dado ,,of ,,the ,,hall ,,of ,,the ,,two ,,sisters ,illustration3 ,,plate #bhi ,,band ,,round ,,panels ,,in ,,windows1 ,,hall ,,of ,,the ,,two ,,sisters ,illustration3 ,,plate #bij ,,mosaic ,,in ,,dado ,,of ,,recess ,,mosaic ,,in ,,dado ,,of ,,the ,,entrance ,,to ,,the ,,hall ,,of ,,the ,,two ,,sisters ,illustration3 ,,plate #bia ,,mosaic ,,in ,,dado ,,of ,,hall ,,of ,,ambassadors ,,mosaic ,,in ,,dado ,,of ,,the ,,hall ,,of ,,the ,,two ,,sisters ,illustration3 ,,plate #bib ,,wine ,,gate4 ,,west ,,fa,,ade ,illustration3 ,,plate #bic ,,detail ,,of ,,the ,,only ,,ancient 8,,jalousie0 ,,remaining ,,in ,,the ,,alhambra ,illustration3 ,,plate #bid ,,el ,,jarro4 ,,arab ,,vase ,,now ,,in ,,the ,,museum ,,of ,,the ,,palace ,illustration3 ,,plate #bie ,,el ,,jarro4 ,,the ,,arabian ,,vase ,,and ,,niche ,,in ,,which ,,it ,,formerly ,,stood1 ,,hall ,,of ,,the ,,two ,,sisters4 ,,the ,,vase1 ,,considerably ,,mutilated1 ,,is ,,now ,,in ,,the ,,museum ,,of ,,the ,,palace ,illustration3 ,,plate #bif ,,an ,,arab ,,vase ,,of ,,the ,,fourteenth ,,century ,,in ,,the ,,niche ,,wherein ,,it ,,stood ,,until ,,the ,,year #ahcg ,illustration3 ,,plate #big ,,sword ,,of ,,the ,,last ,,moorish ,,king ,,of ,,granada1 ,,commonly ,,called 8,,the ,,sword ,,of ,,boabdil0 ,illustration3 ,,plate #bih ,,the ,,surrender ,,of ,,granada ,,by ,,boabdil ,,to ,,ferdinand ,,and ,,isabella1 ,,january #b1 #adib ,illustration3 ,,plate #bii ,,gold ,,coin 7,,obverse ,,and ,,reverse7 ,,of ,,mohammed ,i41 ,,the ,,founder ,,of ,,the ,,alhambra1 ,,who ,,reigned #abcb-abgb ,a4,d4 ,illustration3 ,,plate #cjj ,,details ,,and ,,inscriptions1 ,,and ,,arabian ,,capitals ,illustration3 ,,plate #cja ,,the ,,gothic ,,inscription ,,set ,,up ,,in ,,the ,,alhambra ,,by ,,the ,,count ,,of ,,tendilla1 ,,to ,,commemorate ,,the ,,surrender ,,of ,,the ,,fortress ,,in #adib ,illustration3 ,,plate #cjb ,,mosaic ,,pavement ,,in ,,the ,,queen',s ,,dressing ,,room 7,,tocador ,,de ,,la ,,reyna7 ,,mosaic1 ,,from ,a ,,fragment ,,in ,,the ,,alhambra ,illustration3 ,,plate #cjc ,,the ,,house ,,of ,,carbon ,illustration3 ,,plate #cjd ,,the ,,ancient ,,granary ,,market ,,and ,,house ,,of ,,carbon ,illustration3 ,,plate #cje ,,elevation ,,of ,,the ,,casa ,,del ,,carbon1 ,,or ,,house ,,of ,,carbon1 ,,once ,,known ,,as ,,the ,,house ,,of ,,the ,,weathercock ,illustration3 ,,plate #cjf ,,courtyard ,,of ,a ,,moorish ,,house ,,in ,,the ,,albaicin ,illustration3 ,,plate #cjg ,,interior ,,of ,,an ,,arab ,,house ,,in ,,the ,,albaicin ,illustration3 ,,plate #cjh ,,the ,,proclamation ,,of ,,boabdil4 ,,by ,,pl,,cido ,,frances 7,,national ,,exhibition ,,of ,,beaux ,,arts1 #ahhd7 ,illustration3 ,,plate #cji ,,the ,,author ,,in ,,the ,,alhambra ,illustration3 ,,plate #caj ,,cornices1 ,,capitals1 ,,and ,,columns ,,in ,,the ,,alhambra4 ,,the ,,splendid ,,cornice ,,at ,,the ,,right-,,hand ,,top ,,corner ,,is ,,from ,,the ,,loggia ,,of ,,the ,,generalife ,illustration3 ,,plate #caa ,,miscellaneous ,,ornament ,,in ,,the ,,alhambra ,illustration3 ,,plate #cab ,,the ,,fable ,,of ,,jupiter ,,and ,,leda ,,in ,,the ,,alhambra ,illustration3 ,,plate #cac ,,bas-,,relief1 ,,now ,,in ,,the ,,museum ,,of ,,the ,,alhambra ,illustration3 ,,plate #cad ,,arabian ,,sword ,illustration3 ,,plate #cae ,,capitals ,,from ,,the ,,courts ,,and ,,halls ,,of ,,the ,,alhambra ,illustration3 ,,plate #caf ,,encaustic-,,tile ,,work ,,in ,,the ,,royal ,,room ,,of ,,santo ,,domingo ,illustration3 ,,plate #cag ,,various ,,mosaics ,,from ,,the ,,alhambra ,illustration3 ,,plate #cah ,,inscriptions ,,in ,,the ,,alhambra ,illustration3 ,,plate #cai ,,plan ,,of ,,the ,,palace ,,of ,,charles ,v41 ,,and ,,of ,,the ,,subterranean ,,vaults ,,of ,,the ,,alhambra ,illustration3 ,,plate #cbj ,,general ,,view ,,of ,,the ,,alhambra ,,from ,,the ,,homage ,,tower ,illustration3 ,,plate #cba ,,ancient ,,cistern4 ,,early ,,fourteenth ,,century ,illustration3 ,,plate #cbb ,,the ,,alhambra ,specially drawn for ,the ,spanish ,series ,illustration3 ,,plate #cbc ,,part ,,of ,,exterior ,,of ,,the ,,palace ,,of ,,charles ,v4 ,illustration3 ,,plate #cbd ,,elevation ,,of ,,the ,,palace ,,of ,,charles ,v4 ,illustration3 ,,plate #cbe ,,section ,,of ,,the ,,palace ,,of ,,charles ,v4 ,illustration3 ,,plate #cbf ,,fountain ,,of ,,the ,,emperor ,,charles ,v4 ,illustration3 ,,plate #cbg ,,view ,,of ,,the ,,alhambra ,,from ,,the ,,homage ,,tower ,illustration3 ,,plate #cbh ,,interior ,,of ,,the ,,palace ,,of ,,charles ,v4 ,illustration3 ,,plate #cbi ,,doorway ,,of ,,the ,,palace ,,of ,,charles ,v4 ,illustration3 ,,plate #ccj ,,bas-,,relief ,,in ,,the ,,palace ,,of ,,charles ,v4 ,illustration3 ,,plate #cca ,,porch ,,of ,,the ,,palace ,,of ,,charles ,v4 ,,from ,,the ,,west ,illustration3 ,,plate #ccb ,,roman ,,court1 ,,palace ,,of ,,charles ,v4 ,illustration3 ,,plate #ccc ,,ground ,,plan ,,of ,,the ,,generalife ,,at ,,granada ,a4 ,advanced parts ,b4 ,the ,inner ,gallery1 commanding a view of the ,gardens ,c1 ,c1 ,c1 ,c4 ,terraces and ,aqueducts ,d1 ,d1 ,d1 ,e1 ,e4 ,the surrounding country ,illustration3 ,,plate #ccd ,,the ,,generalife ,illustration3 ,,plate #cce ,,the ,,principal ,,court ,,of ,,the ,,generalife ,illustration3 ,,plate #ccf ,,the ,,court ,,of ,,the ,,fish ,,pond ,,in ,,the ,,generalife ,illustration3 ,,plate #ccg ,,promenades ,,and ,,gardens ,,of ,,the ,,generalife ,illustration3 ,,plate #cch ,,the ,,generalife ,illustration3 ,,plate #cci ,,front ,,view ,,of ,,the ,,portico ,,of ,,the ,,generalife ,illustration3 ,,plate #cdj ,,transverse ,,section ,,of ,,the ,,royal ,,villa ,,of ,,the ,,generalife ,illustration3 ,,plate #cda ,,gallery ,,in ,,the ,,generalife ,illustration3 ,,plate #cdb ,,the ,,generalife ,,gallery ,,in ,,the ,,acequia ,,court ,illustration3 ,,plate #cdc ,,the ,,generalife ,,entrance ,,to ,,the ,,portrait ,,gallery ,illustration3 ,,plate #cdd ,,garden ,,of ,,the ,,generalife ,illustration3 ,,plate #cde ,,elevation ,,of ,,the ,,portico ,,of ,,the ,,generalife ,illustration3 ,,plate #cdf ,,the ,,acequia ,,court ,,in ,,the ,,generalife ,illustration3 ,,plate #cdg ,a ,,corner ,,of ,,the ,,acequia ,,court ,,in ,,the ,,generalife ,illustration3 ,,plate #cdh ,,cypress ,,court ,a ,,corner ,,in ,,the ,,acequia ,,court ,illustration3 ,,plate #cdi ,,the ,,cypress ,,of ,,the ,,sultana ,,in ,,the ,,generalife ,illustration3 ,,plate #cej ,a ,,ceiling ,,in ,,the ,,generalife ,illustration3 ,,plate #cea ,,the ,,generalife4 ,,the ,,acequia ,,court ,,from ,,the ,,main ,,entrance ,illustration3 ,,plate #ceb ,,the ,,generalife4 ,,the ,,acequia ,,court ,,from ,,the ,,interior ,illustration3 ,,plate #cec ,,exterior ,,view ,,of ,,the ,,generalife ,illustration3 ,,plate #ced ,,entrance ,,to ,,the ,,generalife ,illustration3 ,,plate #cee ,,the ,,generalife4 ,,court ,,of ,,the ,,sultana',s ,,cypress ,illustration3 ,,plate #cef ,,the ,,generalife4 ,,the ,,acequia ,,court ,,from ,,the ,,interior ,illustration3 ,,plate #ceg ,,south ,,fa,,ade ,,of ,,the ,,palace ,,of ,,charles ,v4 ,illustration3 ,,plate #ceh ,,bas-,,relief ,,in ,,the ,,palace ,,of ,,charles ,v4 ,illustration3 ,,plate #cei ,,bas-,,relief ,,in ,,the ,,palace ,,of ,,charles ,v4 ,illustration3 ,,plate #cfj ,,gate ,,of ,,the ,,granadas ,illustration3 ,,plate #cfa ,,promenades ,,and ,,hotels ,,of ,,the ,,alhambra ,illustration3 ,,plate #cfb ,,the ,,gate ,,of ,,justice ,,and ,,fountain ,,of ,,charles ,v4 ,illustration3 ,,plate #cfc ,,environs ,,of ,,the ,,alhambra4 ,,fountain ,,of ,,charles ,v4 ,illustration3 ,,plate #cfd ,,gate ,,of ,,justice4 ,,principal ,,entrance ,,to ,,the ,,alhambra ,illustration3 ,,plate #cfe ,,gate ,,of ,,justice ,illustration3 ,,plate #cff ,,gate ,,of ,,the ,,vine4 ,,east ,,fa,,ade ,illustration3 ,,plate #cfg ,,environs ,,of ,,the ,,alhambra4 ,,tower ,,of ,,the ,,peaks ,illustration3 ,,plate #cfh ,,tower ,,of ,,the ,,peaks ,illustration3 ,,plate #cfi ,,general ,,view ,,of ,,the ,,alhambra ,,from ,,the ,,silla ,,del ,,moro ,illustration3 ,,plate #cgj ,,general ,,view ,,of ,,the ,,alhambra ,,from ,,the ,,gipsy ,,quarters ,illustration3 ,,plate #cga ,,general ,,view ,,of ,,the ,,alhambra ,,from ,,the ,,generalife ,illustration3 ,,plate #cgb ,,view ,,of ,,granada ,,and ,,the ,,alhambra ,,from ,,the ,,sacromonte ,illustration3 ,,plate #cgc ,,general ,,view ,,of ,,the ,,alhambra ,,from ,,st4 ,,nicholas ,illustration3 ,,plate #cgd ,,the ,,watch ,,tower1 ,,the ,,cathedral1 ,,and ,,granada ,illustration3 ,,plate #cge ,,villas ,,on ,,the ,,banks ,,of ,,the ,,river ,,darro ,illustration3 ,,plate #cgf ,a ,,view ,,of ,,the ,,alhambra ,illustration3 ,,plate #cgg ,,villas ,,on ,,the ,,banks ,,of ,,the ,,river ,,darro ,illustration3 ,,plate #cgh ,,the ,,watch ,,tower ,,and ,,cathedral ,illustration3 ,,plate #cgi ,,the ,,red ,,tower ,illustration3 ,,plate #chj ,,the ,,homage ,,tower ,,and ,,gipsy ,,quarters4 ,,exterior ,,of ,,their ,,caves ,illustration3 ,,plate #cha ,,carrera ,,del ,,rio ,,darro ,illustration3 ,,plate #chb ,,the ,,gate ,,of ,,elvira4 ,,the ,,old ,,entrance ,,to ,,the ,,fortifications ,illustration3 ,,plate #chc ,,washing ,,place ,,in ,,the ,,puerta ,,del ,,sol ,illustration3 ,,plate #chd ,,courtyard ,,of ,,an ,,arab ,,house ,illustration3 ,,plate #che ,a ,,moorish ,,archway ,illustration3 ,,plate #chf ,,interior ,,of ,,an ,,old ,,house ,,in ,,the ,,calle ,,del ,,horno ,,de ,,oro ,illustration3 ,,plate #chg ,,interior ,,of ,,an ,,old ,,house ,,in ,,the ,,albaicin ,illustration3 ,,plate #chh ,,the ,,cathedral ,,and ,,general ,,view ,illustration3 ,,plate #chi ,,general ,,view ,,of ,,the ,,cathedral ,illustration3 ,,plate #cij ,,general ,,view ,,of ,,the ,,exterior ,,of ,,the ,,cathedral ,illustration3 ,,plate #cia ,,entrance ,,to ,,the ,,royal ,,chapel ,illustration3 ,,plate #cib ,,exterior ,,of ,,the ,,royal ,,chapel ,,of ,,the ,,catholic ,,sovereigns ,illustration3 ,,plate #cic ,,detail ,,of ,,the ,,exterior ,,of ,,the ,,royal ,,chapel ,illustration3 ,,plate #cid ,,exterior ,,of ,,the ,,royal ,,chapel ,illustration3 ,,plate #cie ,,exterior ,,of ,,the ,,cathedral ,illustration3 ,,plate #cif ,,exterior ,,of ,,the ,,royal ,,chapel ,illustration3 ,,plate #cig ,,exterior ,,of ,,the ,,cathedral4 ,,the ,,gate ,,of ,,pardon ,illustration3 ,,plate #cih ,,gothic ,,pinnacle ,,on ,,the ,,royal ,,chapel ,illustration3 ,,plate #cii ,,the ,,cathedral1 ,,view ,,from ,,the ,,choir ,illustration3 ,,plate #djj ,,the ,,cathedral4 ,,general ,,view ,,of ,,the ,,chancel ,,and ,,high ,,altar ,illustration3 ,,plate #dja ,,bas ,,relief ,,in ,,the ,,altar-,,piece ,,of ,,the ,,royal ,,chapel ,illustration3 ,,plate #djb ,,general ,,view ,,of ,,the ,,chancel ,,in ,,the ,,cathedral ,illustration3 ,,plate #djc ,,the ,,royal ,,chapel4 ,,sepulchre ,,of ,,the ,,catholic ,,sovereigns ,illustration3 ,,plate #djd ,,royal ,,chapel4 ,,detail ,,of ,,the ,,sepulchre ,,of ,,the ,,catholic ,,sovereigns ,illustration3 ,,plate #dje ,,the ,,royal ,,chapel4 ,,sculpture ,,of ,,king ,,ferdinand ,,the ,,catholic ,illustration3 ,,plate #djf ,,sepulchre ,,of ,,ferdinand ,illustration3 ,,plate #djg ,,sepulchre ,,of ,,isabella ,,the ,,catholic ,illustration3 ,,plate #djh ,,portal ,,of ,,the ,,church ,,of ,,san ,,juan ,,de ,,dio ,illustration3 ,,plate #dji ,,sepulchre ,,of ,,alonso ,,cano ,,in ,,san ,,geronimo ,illustration3 ,,plate #daj ,,head ,,of ,,john ,,the ,,baptist ,illustration3 ,,plate #daa ,,head ,,of ,,john ,,the ,,baptist ,illustration3 ,,plate #dab ,,head ,,of ,,john ,,the ,,baptist ,illustration3 ,,plate #dac ,,exterior ,,of ,,the ,,cartuja ,,monastery ,illustration3 ,,plate #dad ,,sacristy ,,in ,,the ,,cartuja1 ,,left ,,side ,illustration3 ,,plate #dae ,,sacristy ,,in ,,the ,,cartuja1 ,,right ,,side ,illustration3 ,,plate #daf ,,cartuja4 ,,santo ,,santorum ,illustration3 ,,plate #dag ,,cartuja4 ,,detail ,,of ,,the ,,cupboards ,,in ,,the ,,sacristy ,illustration3 ,,plate #dah ,,altars ,,in ,,the ,,cartuja4 ,,pictures ,,by ,,sanchez ,y ,,cot,n1 ,a ,,monk ,,of ,,the ,,order ,illustration3 ,,plate #dai ,,cartuja4 ,,the ,,immaculate ,,conception4 ,,by ,,murillo ,illustration3 ,,plate #dbj ,,cartuja4 ,,the ,,virgin ,,of ,,the ,,rosary4 ,,by ,,murillo ,illustration3 ,,plate #dba ,,cartuja4 ,,st4 ,,joseph ,,and ,,the ,,child1 ,,sculpture ,,by ,,alonso ,,ca,o ,illustration3 ,,plate #dbb ,,cartuja4 ,,st4 ,,mary ,,magdalene1 ,,sculpture ,,by ,,alonso ,,ca,o ,illustration3 ,,plate #dbc ,,cartuja4 ,,horsemen ,,hanging ,,martyrs4 ,,by ,,sanchez ,,cot,n ,illustration3 ,,plate #dbd ,,cartuja4 ,,the ,,baptism ,,of ,,our ,,lord4 ,,by ,,sanchez ,,cot,n ,illustration3 ,,plate #dbe ,,cartuja4 ,,the ,,holy ,,family4 ,,by ,,sanchez ,,cot,n ,illustration3 ,,plate #dbf ,,the ,,crucifixion ,,of ,,our ,,lord4 ,,by ,,morales ,illustration3 ,,plate #dbg ,,the ,,conception ,,of ,,our ,,lady4 ,,by ,,morales ,illustration3 ,,plate #dbh ,,the ,,gipsy ,,quarters4 ,,exterior ,,of ,,the ,,caves ,illustration3 ,,plate #dbi ,,the ,,gipsy ,,quarters4 ,,an 8,,at ,,home0 ,illustration3 ,,plate #dcj ,,gipsy ,,dance ,,in ,,their ,,quarters ,illustration3 ,,plate #dca ,,gipsy ,,types ,,at ,,the ,,doors ,,of ,,their ,,caves ,illustration3 ,,plate #dcb ,,gipsy ,,dance ,,in ,,their ,,quarters ,illustration3 ,,plate #dcc ,,gipsy ,,dancers ,,and ,,their ,,captain1 ,j4 ,,amaya ,illustration3 ,,plate #dcd ,,bridge ,,of ,,the ,,genil ,illustration3 ,,plate #dce ,,general ,,view ,illustration3 ,,plate #dcf ,,general ,,view ,,of ,,the ,,old ,,albaicin ,illustration3 ,,plate #dcg ,,general ,,view ,,from ,,the ,,watch ,,tower ,illustration3 ,,plate #dch ,,old ,,arab ,,palace4 ,,now ,,the ,,property ,,of ,a ,,spanish ,,nobleman ,illustration3 ,,plate #dci ,,the ,,old ,,town ,,hall ,illustration3 ,,plate #ddj ,,the ,,royal ,,gate ,,and ,,street ,,of ,,the ,,catholic ,,sovereigns ,illustration3 ,,plate #dda ,,monument ,,to ,,columbus ,,in ,,the ,,paseo ,,del ,,sal,n ,illustration3 ,,plate #ddb ,,the ,,raw ,,silk ,,market ,illustration3 ,,plate #ddc ,,the ,,raw ,,silk ,,market4 ,,ancient ,,arab ,,silk ,,market ,illustration3 ,,plate #ddd ,,exterior ,,of ,,an ,,old ,,house1 ,,cuesta ,,del ,,pescado ,illustration3 ,,plate #dde ,,the ,,court ,,of ,,justice ,illustration3 ,,plate #ddf ,,carrera ,,del ,,darro ,illustration3 ,,plate #ddg ,,market ,,and ,,gipsy ,,fair ,,in ,,the ,,triunfo ,illustration3 ,,plate #ddh ,,calle ,,de ,,san ,,anton ,illustration3 ,,plate #ddi ,,antequeruela ,,quarter1 ,,sierra ,,nevada1 ,,and ,,the 8,,last ,,sigh ,,of ,,the ,,moor0 ,illustration3 ,,plate #dej ,,carrera ,,de ,,genil ,,and ,,view ,,of ,,the ,,sierra ,,nevada ,illustration3 ,,plate #dea ,,plaza ,,de ,,mariana ,,pineda1 ,,arab ,,house1 ,,and ,,view ,,of ,,the ,,sierra ,,nevada ,illustration3 ,,plate #deb ,,general ,,view ,,of ,,the ,,alhambra ,,and ,,of ,,the ,,sierra ,,nevada ,,from ,,st4 ,,michael ,illustration3 ,,plate #dec ,,hu,,tor ,,high ,,road ,,and ,,view ,,of ,,the ,,sierra ,,nevada ,illustration3 ,,plate #ded ,,villas ,,on ,,the ,,borders ,,of ,,the ,,river ,,darro ,illustration3 ,,plate #dee ,,defile ,,of ,,the ,,darro ,illustration3 ,,plate #def ,,the ,,green ,,bridge ,,and ,,view ,,of ,,the ,,sierra ,,nevada ,illustration3 ,,plate #deg ,,view ,,of ,,the ,,sierra ,,nevada ,illustration3 ,,plate #deh ,,general ,,view ,,of ,,the ,,sierra ,,nevada ,,and ,,the ,,river ,,genil ,illustration3 ,,plate #dei ,,granada ,specially drawn for ,the ,spanish ,series ,illustration3 ,,plate #dfj ,,arms ,,of ,,granada ,,the ,,spanish ,,series ,edited by ,,albert ,f4 ,,calvert ,a new and important series of volumes1 dealing with ,spain in its various aspects1 its history1 its cities and monuments4 ,each volume will be complete in itself in a uniform binding1 and the number and excellence of the reproductions from pictures will justify the claim that these books comprise the most copiously illustrated series that has yet been issued1 some volumes having over #cjj pages of reproductions of pictures1 etc4 ,crown #hvo ,price #c_/f net #a ,,goya with #fjj illustrations #b ,,toledo 0 #eaj 0 #c ,,madrid 0 #dej 0 #d ,,seville 0 #cjj 0 #e ,,murillo 0 #afe 0 #f ,,cordova 0 #afj 0 #g ,,el ,,greco 0 #adj 0 #h ,,velazquez 0 #adb 0 #i ,,the ,,prado 0 #bbc 0 #aj ,,the ,,escorial 0 #bgh 0 #aa ,,royal ,,palaces ,,of ,,spain 0 #bjj 0 #ab ,,granada ,,and ,,alhambra 0 #dfj 0 #ac ,,spanish ,,arms ,,and ,,armour 0 #chf 0 #ad ,,leon1 ,,burgos ,,and ,,salamanca 0 #dfb 0 #ae ,,valladolid1 ,,oviedo1 ,,segovia1 ,,zamora1 ,,avila ,,and ,,zaragoza 0 #cij 0 99 99 99 99 99 ,,uniform ,,with ,,this ,,volume ,,murillo ,a ,,biography ,,and ,,appreciation4 ,,illustrated ,,by ,,over #afe ,,reproductions ,,from ,,photographs ,,of ,,his ,,most ,,celebrated ,,pictures ,while the names of ,murillo and ,velazquez are inseparably linked in the history of ,art as ,spain's immortal contribution to the small band of world-painters1 the great ,court-,painter to ,philip ,,iv4 has ever received the lion's share of public attention4 ,many learned and critical works have been written about ,murillo1 but whereas ,velazquez has been familiarised to the general reader by the aid of small1 popular biographies1 the niche is still empty which it is hoped that this book will fill4 ,in this volume the attempt has been made to show the painter's art in its relation to the religious feeling of the age in which he lived1 and his own feeling towards his art4 ,murillo was the product of his religious era1 and of his native province1 ,andalusia4 ,to ,europe in his lifetime he signified little or nothing4 ,he painted to the order of the religious houses in his immediate vicinity2 his works were immured in local monasteries and cathedrals1 and1 passing immediately out of circulation1 were forgotten or never known4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,uniform ,,with ,,this ,,volume ,,spanish ,,arms ,,and ,,armour ,a ,,historical ,,and ,,descriptive ,,account ,,of ,,the ,,royal ,,armoury ,,at ,,madrid4 ,,illustrated ,,with #chf ,,reproductions ,,from ,,photographs4 ,,dedicated ,,by ,,special ,,permission ,,to ,h4,m4 ,,queen ,,maria ,,cristina ,,of ,,spain ,although several valuable and voluminous catalogues of the ,spanish ,royal ,armoury have1 from time to time1 been compiled1 this 8finest collection of armour in the world0 has been subjected so often to the disturbing influences of fire1 removal1 and re-arrangement1 that no hand catalogue of the ,museum is available1 and this book has been designed to serve both as a historical souvenir of the institution and a record of its treasures4 ,the various exhibits with which the writer illustrates his narrative are reproduced to the number of nearly #djj on art paper1 and the selection of weapons and armour has been made with a view not only to render the series interesting to the general reader1 but to present a useful text book for the guidance of artists1 sculptors1 antiquaries1 costumiers1 and all who are engaged in the reproduction or representation of ,european armoury4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,uniform ,,with ,,this ,,volume ,,the ,,escorial ,a ,,historical ,,and ,,descriptive ,,account ,,of ,,the ,,spanish ,,royal ,,palace1 ,,monastery ,,and ,,mausoleum4 ,,illustrated ,,with ,,plans ,,and #bgh ,,reproductions ,,from ,,pictures ,,and ,,photographs ,the ,royal ,palace1 ,monastery1 and ,mausoleum of ,el ,escorial1 which rears its gaunt1 grey walls in one of the bleakest but most imposing districts in the whole of ,spain1 was erected to commemorate a victory over the ,french in #aeeg4 ,it was occupied and pillaged by the ,french two and a-half centuries later1 and twice it has been greatly diminished by fire2 but it remains to-day1 not only the incarnate expression of the fanatic religious character and political genius of ,philip ,,ii41 but the greatest mass of wrought granite which exists on earth1 the leviathan of architecture1 the eighth wonder of the world4 ,in the text of this book the author has endeavoured to reconstitute the glories and tragedies of the living past of the ,escorial1 and to represent the wonders of the stupendous edifice by reproductions of over two hundred and seventy of the finest photographs and pictures obtainable4 ,both as a review and a pictorial record it is hoped that the work will make a wide appeal among all who are interested in the history1 the architecture1 and the art of ,spain4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,uniform ,,with ,,this ,,volume ,,toledo ,a ,,historical ,,and ,,descriptive ,,account ,,of ,,the 8,,city ,,of ,,generations10 ,,with #eaj ,,illustrations ,the origin of ,imperial ,toledo1 8the crown of ,spain1 the light of the world1 free from the time of the mighty ,goths10 is lost in the impenetrable mists of antiquity4 ,mighty1 unchangeable1 invincible1 the city has been described by ,wrmann as 8a gigantic open-air museum of the architectural history of early ,spain1 arranged upon a lofty and conspicuous table of rock40 ,but while some writers have declared that ,toledo is a theatre with the actors gone and only the scenery left1 the author does not share the opinion4 ,he believes that the power and virility upon which ,spain built up her greatness is reasserting itself4 ,the machinery of the theatre of ,toledo is rusty1 the pulleys are jammed from long disuse1 but the curtain is rising steadily if slowly1 and already can be heard the tuning-up of fiddles in its ancient orchestra4 ,in this belief the author of this volume has not only set forth the story of ,toledo's former greatness1 but has endeavoured to place before his readers a panorama of the city as it appears to-day1 and to show cause for his faith in the greatness of the ,toledo of the future4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,uniform ,,with ,,this ,,volume ,,seville ,a ,,historical ,,and ,,descriptive ,,account1 ,,with #cjj ,,illustrations ,seville1 which has its place in mythology as the creation of ,hercules1 and was more probably founded by the ,phnicians1 which became magnificent under the ,roman rule1 was made the capital of the ,goths1 became the centre of ,moslem power and splendour1 and fell before the military prowess of ,st4 ,ferdinand1 is still the ,queen of ,andalusia1 the foster-mother of ,velazquez and ,murillo1 the city of poets and pageantry and love4 ,seville is always gay1 and responsive and fascinating to the receptive visitor1 and all sorts of people go there with all sorts of motives4 ,the artist repairs to the ,andalusian city to fill his portfolio2 the lover of art makes the pilgrimage to study ,murillo in all his glory4 ,the seasons of the ,church attract thousands from reasons of devotion or curiosity4 ,and of all these myriad visitors1 who go with their minds full of preconceived notions1 not one has yet confessed to being disappointed in ,seville4 ,the author has here attempted to convey in the illustrations an impression of this laughing city where all is gaiety and mirth and ever-blossoming roses1 where the people pursue pleasure as the serious business of life in an atmosphere of exhilarating enjoyment4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,uniform ,,with ,,this ,,volume ,,the ,,prado ,a ,,guide ,,and ,,handbook ,,to ,,the ,,royal ,,picture ,,gallery ,,of ,,madrid4 ,,illustrated ,,with #bba ,,reproductions ,,from ,,photographs ,,of ,,old ,,masters4 ,,dedicated ,,by ,,special ,,permission ,,to ,h4,r4,h4 ,,princess ,,henry ,,of ,,battenberg ,this volume is an attempt to supplement the accurate but formal notes contained in the official catalogue of a picture gallery which is considered the finest in the world4 ,it has been said that the day one enters the ,prado for the first time is an important event like marriage1 the birth of a child1 or the coming into an inheritance2 an experience of which one feels the effects to the day of one's death4 ,the excellence of the ,madrid gallery is the excellence of exclusion2 it is a collection of magnificent gems4 ,here one becomes conscious of a fresh power in ,murillo1 and is amazed anew by the astonishing apparition of ,velazquez2 here is1 in truth1 a rivalry of miracles of art4 ,the task of selecting pictures for reproduction from what is perhaps the most splendid gallery of old masters in existence1 was one of no little difficulty1 but it is believed that the collection is representative1 and that the letterpress will form a serviceable companion to the visitor to ,the ,prado4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,uniform ,,with ,,this ,,volume ,,granada ,,and ,,the ,,alhambra ,a ,,brief ,,history ,,of ,,the ,,moslem ,,rule ,,in ,,spain1 ,,together ,,with ,a ,,particular ,,account ,,of ,,the ,,construction1 ,,the ,,architecture1 ,,and ,,the ,,decoration ,,of ,,the ,,moorish ,,palace1 ,,with #dfj ,,illustrations4 ,,dedicated ,,by ,,special ,,permission ,,to ,h4,i4,m4 ,,the ,,empress ,,eug,,nie ,this volume is the third and abridged edition of a work which the author was inspired to undertake by the surpassing loveliness of the ,alhambra1 and by his disappointment in the discovery that no such thing as an even moderately adequate illustrated souvenir of 8this glorious sanctuary of ,spain0 was obtainable4 ,keenly conscious of the want himself1 he essayed to supply it1 and the result is a volume that has been acclaimed with enthusiasm alike by critics1 artists1 architects1 and archologists4 ,in his preface to the first edition1 ,mr4 ,calvert wrote3 8,the ,alhambra may be likened to an exquisite opera which can only be appreciated to the full when one is under the spell of its magic influence4 ,but as the witchery of an inspired score can be recalled by the sound of an air whistled in the street1 so--it is my hope--the pale ghost of the ,moorish fairy-land may live again in the memories of travellers through the medium of this pictorial epitome40 99 99 99 99 99 ,,uniform ,,with ,,this ,,volume ,,el ,,greco ,a ,,biography ,,and ,,appreciation4 ,,illustrated ,,by ,,reproductions ,,of ,,over #adj ,,of ,,his ,,pictures ,in a ,series such as this1 which aims at presenting every aspect of ,spain's eminence in art and in her artists1 the work of ,domenico ,theotocpuli must be allotted a volume to itself4 8,el ,greco10 as he is called1 who reflects the impulse1 and has been said to constitute the supreme glory of the ,venetian era1 was a ,greek by repute1 a ,venetian by training1 and a ,toledan by adoption4 ,his pictures in the ,prado are still catalogued among those of the ,italian ,school1 but foreigner as he was1 in his heart he was more ,spanish than the ,spaniards4 ,el ,greco is typically1 passionately1 extravagantly ,spanish1 and with his advent1 ,spanish painting laid aside every trace of ,provincialism1 and stepped forth to compel the interest of the world4 ,neglected for many centuries1 and still often misjudged1 his place in art is an assured one4 ,it is impossible to present him as a colourist in a work of this nature1 but the author has got together reproductions of no fewer than #adj of his pictures--a greater number than has ever before been published of ,el ,greco's works4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,uniform ,,with ,,this ,,volume ,,velazquez ,a ,,biography ,,and ,,appreciation4 ,,illustrated ,,with #adb ,,reproductions ,,from ,,photographs ,,of ,,his ,,most ,,celebrated ,,pictures ,diego ,rodriguez de ,silva y ,velazquez--8our ,velazquez10 as ,palomino proudly styles him--has been made the subject of innumerable books in every ,european language1 yet the ,editor of this ,spanish ,series feels that it would not be complete without the inclusion of yet another contribution to the broad gallery of ,velazquez literature4 ,the great ,velazquez1 the eagle in art--subtle1 simple1 incomparable--the supreme painter1 is still a guiding influence of the art of to-day4 ,this greatest of ,spanish artists1 a master not only in portrait painting1 but in character and animal studies1 in landscapes and historical subjects1 impressed the grandeur of his superb personality upon all his work4 ,spain1 it has been said1 the country whose art was largely borrowed1 produced ,velazquez1 and through him ,spanish art became the light of a new artistic life4 ,the author cannot boast that he has new data to offer1 but he has put forward his conclusions with modesty2 he has reproduced a great deal that is most representative of the artist's work2 and he has endeavoured to keep always in view his object to present a concise1 accurate1 and readable life of ,velazquez4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,uniform ,,with ,,this ,,volume ,,royal ,,palaces ,,of ,,spain ,a ,,historical ,,and ,,descriptive ,,account ,,of ,,the ,,seven ,,principal ,,palaces ,,of ,,the ,,spanish ,,kings4 ,,profusely ,,illustrated ,spain is beyond question the richest country in the world in the number of its ,royal ,residences1 and while few are without artistic importance1 all are rich in historical memories4 ,thus1 from the ,alcazar at ,seville1 which is principally associated with ,pedro the ,cruel1 to the ,retiro1 built to divert the attention of ,philip ,,iv4 from his country's decay2 from the ,escorial1 in which the gloomy mind of ,philip ,,ii4 is perpetuated in stone1 to ,la ,granja1 which speaks of the anguish and humiliation of ,christina before ,sergeant ,garcia and his rude soldiery2 from ,aranjuz to ,rio ,frio1 and from ,el ,pardo1 darkened by the agony of a good king1 to ,miramar1 to which a widowed ,queen retired to mourn3 all the history of ,spain1 from the splendid days of ,charles ,v4 to the present time1 is crystallised in the ,palaces that constitute the patrimony of the ,crown4 ,the ,royal ,palaces of ,spain are open to visitors at stated times1 and it is hoped that this volume1 with its wealth of illustrations1 will serve the visitor both as a guide and a souvenir4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,uniform ,,with ,,this ,,volume ,,valladolid1 ,,oviedo1 ,,segovia1 ,,zamora1 ,,avila ,,and ,,zaragoza ,a ,,historical ,,and ,,descriptive ,,account1 ,,with #cij ,,illustrations ,the glory of ,valladolid has departed1 but the skeleton remains1 and attached to its ancient stones are the memories that ,philip ,,ii4 was born here1 that here ,cervantes lived1 and ,christopher ,columbus died4 ,in this one-time capital of ,spain1 in the ,plaza ,mayor1 the fires of the ,great ,inquisition were first lighted1 and here ,charles ,v4 laid the foundation of the ,royal ,armoury1 which was afterwards transferred to ,madrid4 ,more than seven hundred years have passed since ,oviedo was the proud capital of the ,kingdoms of ,las ,asturias1 ,leon1 and ,castile4 ,segovia1 though no longer great1 has still all the appurtenances of greatness1 and with her granite massiveness and austerity1 she remains an aristocrat even among the aristocracy of ,spanish cities4 ,zamora1 which has a history dating from time almost without date1 was the key of ,leon and the centre of the endless wars between the ,moors and the ,christians1 which raged round it from the eighth to the eleventh centuries4 ,in this volume the author has striven to re-create the ancient greatness of these six cities1 and has preserved their memories in a wealth of excellent and interesting illustrations4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,uniform ,,with ,,this ,,volume ,,leon1 ,,burgos ,,and ,,salamanca ,a ,,historical ,,and ,,descriptive ,,account1 ,,with #dfb ,,illustrations ,in ,leon1 once the capital of the second kingdom in ,spain2 in ,burgos1 which boasts one of the most magnificent cathedrals in ,spain1 and the custodianship of the bones of the ,cid2 and in ,salamanca1 with its university1 which is one of the oldest in ,europe1 the author has selected three of the most interesting relics of ancient grandeur in this country of departed greatness4 ,leon to-day is nothing but a large agricultural village1 torpid1 silent1 dilapidated2 ,burgos1 which still retains traces of the ,gotho-,castilian character1 is a gloomy and depleting capital2 and ,salamanca is a city of magnificent buildings1 a broken hulk1 spent by the storms that from time to time have devastated her4 ,yet apart from the historical interest possessed by these cities1 they still make an irresistible appeal to the artist and the antiquary4 ,they are content with their stories of old-time greatness and their cathedrals1 and these ancient architectural splendours1 undisturbed by the touch of a modernising and renovating spirit1 continue to attract the visitor4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,uniform ,,with ,,this ,,volume ,,madrid ,a ,,historical ,,and ,,descriptive ,,account ,,of ,,the ,,spanish ,,capital1 ,,with #dej ,,illustrations ,madrid is at once one of the most interesting and most maligned cities in ,europe4 ,it stands at an elevation of #b1ejj feet above the sea level1 in the centre of an arid1 treeless1 waterless1 and wind-blown plain2 but whatever may be thought of the wisdom of selecting a capital in such a situation1 one cannot but admire the uniqueness of its position1 and the magnificence of its buildings1 and one is forced to admit that1 having fairly entered the path of progress1 ,madrid bids fair to become one of the handsomest and most prosperous of ,european cities4 ,the splendid promenades1 the handsome buildings1 and the spacious theatres combine to make ,madrid one of the first cities of the world1 and the author has endeavoured with the aid of the camera1 to place every feature and aspect of the ,spanish metropolis before the reader4 ,some of the illustrations reproduced here have been made familiar to the ,english public by reason of the interesting and stirring events connected with the ,spanish ,royal ,marriage1 but the greater number were either taken by the author1 or are the work of photographers specially employed to obtain new views for the purpose of this volume4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,uniform ,,with ,,this ,,volume ,,goya ,a ,,biography ,,and ,,appreciation4 ,,illustrated ,,by ,,reproductions ,,of #fjj ,,of ,,his ,,pictures ,the last of the old masters and the first of the moderns1 as he has been called1 ,francisco ,jos de ,goya y ,lucientes is not so familiarised to ,english readers as his genius deserves4 ,he was born at a time when the tradition of ,velazquez was fading1 and the condition of ,spanish painting was debased almost beyond hope of salvation2 he broke through the academic tradition of imitation2 8he1 next to ,velazquez1 is to be accounted as the man whom the ,impressionists of our time have to thank for their most definite stimulus1 their most immediate inspiration40 ,the genius of ,goya was a robust1 imperious1 and fulminating genius2 his iron temperament was passionate1 dramatic1 and revolutionary2 he painted a picture as he would have fought a battle4 ,he was an athletic1 warlike1 and indefatigable painter2 a naturalist like ,velazquez2 fantastic like ,hogarth2 eccentric like ,rembrandt2 the last flame-coloured flash of ,spanish genius4 ,it is impossible to reproduce his colouring2 but in the reproductions of his works the author has endeavoured to convey to the reader some idea of ,goya's boldness of style1 his mastery of frightful shadows and mysterious lights1 and his genius for expressing all terrible emotions4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,uniform ,,with ,,this ,,volume ,,cordova ,a ,,historical ,,and ,,descriptive ,,account ,,of ,,the ,,ancient ,,city ,,which ,,the ,,carthaginians ,,styled ,,the 8,,gem ,,of ,,the ,,south10 ,,with #afj ,,illustrations ,gay-looking1 vivacious in its beauty1 silent1 ill-provided1 depopulated1 ,cordova was once the pearl of the ,west1 the city of cities1 ,cordova of the thirty suburbs and three thousand mosques2 to-day she is no more than an overgrown village1 but she still remains the most ,oriental town in ,spain4 ,cordova1 once the centre of ,european civilisation1 under the ,moors the ,athens of the ,west1 the successful rival of ,baghdad and ,damascus1 the seat of learning and the repository of the arts1 has shrunk to the proportions of a third-rate provincial town2 but the artist1 the antiquary and the lover of the beautiful1 will still find in its streets and squares and patios a mysterious spell that cannot be resisted4 ,,by ,,albert ,f4 ,,calvert ,,life ,,of ,,cervantes ,a ,,new ,,life ,,of ,,the ,,great ,,spanish ,,author ,,to ,,commemorate ,,the ,,tercentenary ,,of ,,the ,,publication ,,of 8,,don ,,quixote10 ,,with ,,numerous ,,portraits ,,and ,,reproductions ,,from ,,early ,,editions ,,of 8,,don ,,quixote0 ,size ,crown #hvo4 #aej pp4 ,price #c_/f net ,,press ,,notices 8,a popular and accessible account of the career of ,cervantes40--,daily ,chronicle4 8,a very readable and pleasant account of one of the great writers of all time40--,morning ,leader4 8,,mr4 ,,calvert is entitled to the gratitude of book-lovers for his industrious devotion at one of our greatest literary shrines40--,birmingham ,post4 8,it is made trebly interesting by the very complete set of ,cervantes' portraits it contains1 and by the inclusion of a valuable bibliography40--,black and ,white4 8,we recommend the book to all those to whom ,cervantes is more than a mere name40--,westminster ,gazette4 8,a most interesting rsum of all facts up to the present time known40--,el ,nervion de ,bilbao1 ,spain4 8,the most notable work dedicated to the immortal author of ,don ,quixote that has been published in ,england40--,el ,graduador1 ,spain4 8,although the book is written in ,english no ,spaniard could have written it with more conscientiousness and enthusiasm40--,el ,defensor de ,granada1 ,spain4 ,,by ,,albert ,f4 ,,calvert ,,the ,,alhambra ,,of ,,granada1 ,,being ,a ,,brief ,,history ,,of ,,the ,,moslem ,,rule ,,in ,,spain ,,from ,,the ,,reign ,,of ,,mohammed ,,the ,,first ,,to ,,the ,,final ,,expulsion ,,of ,,the ,,moors1 ,,together ,,with ,a ,,particular ,,account ,,of ,,the ,,construction1 ,,the ,,architecture ,,and ,,the ,,decoration ,,of ,,the ,,moorish ,,palace1 ,,with #hj ,,coloured ,,plates ,,and ,,nearly #cjj ,,black ,,and ,,white ,,illustrations 7,,new ,,edition74 ,,dedicated ,,by ,,permission ,,to ,h4,m4 ,,king ,,alfonso ,,xiii4 ,size #aj x #g-a_/b4 ,price #b #bs4 net ,,press ,,notices 8,it is hardly too much to say that this is one of the most magnificent books ever issued from the ,english ,press40--,building ,world4 8,one is really puzzled where to begin and when to stop in praising the illustrations40--,bookseller4 8,the most complete record of this wonder of architecture which has ever been contemplated1 much less attempted40--,british ,architect4 8,a treasure to the student of decorative art40--,morning ,advertiser4 8,mr4 ,,calvert has given us a ,book ,beautiful40--,western ,daily ,press4 8,it is the last word on the subject1 no praise is too high40--,nottingham ,express4 8,may be counted among the more important art books which have been published during recent years40--,the ,globe4 8,has a pride of place that is all its own among the books of the month40--,review of ,reviews4 8,has in many respects surpassed any books on the ,alhambra which up to the present have appeared in our own country or abroad40--,el ,graduador1 ,spain4 8,it is one of the most beautiful books of modern times40--,ely ,gazette4 8,one of the most artistic productions of the year40--,publishers' ,circular4 8,the most beautiful book on the ,alhambra issued in ,england40--,sphere4 8,the standard work on a splendid subject40--,daily ,telegraph4 8,a remarkable masterpiece of book production40--,eastern ,daily ,press4 8,a perfect treasure of beauty and delight40--,keighley ,news4 8,a magnificent work40--,melbourne ,age1 ,australia4 8,immense collection of fine plates40--,the ,times4 8,a standard work1 the compilation of which would credit a life's labour40--,hull ,daily ,mail4 ,,by ,,albert ,f4 ,,calvert ,,moorish ,,remains ,,in ,,spain ,,being ,a ,,brief ,,record ,,of ,,the ,,arabian ,,conquest ,,and ,,occupation ,,of ,,the ,,peninsula1 ,,with ,a ,,particular ,,account ,,of ,,the ,,mohammedan ,,architecture ,,and ,,decoration ,,in ,,the ,,cities ,,of ,,cordova1 ,,seville ,,and ,,toledo1 ,,with ,,many ,,coloured ,,plates1 ,,and ,,over #djj ,,black ,,and ,,white ,,illustrations1 ,,diagrams1 ,,etc41 ,,dedicated ,,by ,,permission ,,to ,h4,m4 ,,king ,,alfonso ,,xiii4 ,crown #dto4 7#g-a_/b x #aj ins47 ,price #b #bs4 net ,,press ,,notices 8,the making of this book must surely have been a veritable labour of love2 and love's labour has certainly not been lost40--,pall ,mall ,gazette4 8,the best age of ,moorish architecture in ,spain is shown with remarkable vividness and vitality40--,the ,scotsman4 8,a most gorgeous book4444 ,we cheerfully admit ,mr4 ,,calvert into the ranks of those whom posterity will applaud for delightful yet unprofitable work40--,outlook4 8,a large and sumptuous volume40--,tribune4 8,the illustrations are simply marvels of reproduction40--,dundee ,advertiser4 8,one of the books to which a simple literary review cannot pretend to do justice40--,spectator4 8,a special feature of a work of peculiar interest and value are the illustrations40--,newcastle ,chronicle4 8,the illustrations are given with a minuteness and faithfulness of detail1 and colour1 which will be particularly appreciated and acknowledged by those who are most acquainted with the subject themselves40--,liverpool ,post4 8,it is impossible to praise too highly the care with which the illustrations have been prepared40--,birmingham ,daily ,post4 8,it is illustrated with so lavish a richness of colour that to turn its pages gives one at first almost the same impression of splendour as one receives in wandering from hall to hall of the ,alcazar of ,seville2 and this is probably the highest compliment we could pay to the book or its author40--,academy4 8,it is certainly one of the most interesting books of the year40--,crown4 8,the occasional delicacy of design and harmony of colour can scarcely be surpassed 444 a valuable and profusely illustrated volume40--,guardian4 8,an excellent piece of work40--,the ,times4 8,mr4 ,,calvert has performed a useful work40--,daily ,telegraph4 8,a truly sumptuous volume40--,the ,speaker4 8,mr4 ,,calvert has given a very complete account of the evolution of ,moresco art40--,the ,connoisseur4 ,,footnotes3 ,a ,he is reckoned as ,mohammed ,,vi4 by the writers who deny the title of ,sultan to the usurper of ,mohammed ,v4's throne4 ,b ,known as ,mohammed ,x4 ,c ,i adopt ,mr4 ,u4 ,r4 ,burke's statement of the relationship between ,abu-l-,hassan1 ,zoraya1 and ,boabdil4 7,burke1 8,history of ,spain10 ,,ii4 p4 #ih47 ,d ,here was lodged the cavalry of the ,moorish ,sultans4