,illustration3 ,,chambers',s ,,journal  
,,of    ,,popular    ,,literature1      
,,science1 ,,and ,,art    ,fifth ,series
    ,,established ,,by ,,william ,,and  
,,robert ,,chambers1 #ahcb              
,,conducted ,,by ,r4 ,,chambers         
7,,secundus7    ,,no4 #c4--,,vol4 ,i4   
,,saturday1 ,,january #ai1 #ahhd4       
,,price #a;d4          ,,girls1 ,,wives1
 ,,and ,,mothers4    ,a ,,word ,,to     
,,the ,,middle ,,classes4      ,there   
may be theoretically much to sympathise 
with in the cry for the  yet higher     
culture of the women of our middle      
classes1 but at the  same time not a    
little to find fault with in practice4  
,while it is  difficult to believe that 
there can be such a thing as            
over-education  of the human subject1   
male or female1 there may yet be false  
lines  of training1 which lead to a     
dainty misplaced refinement1 quite      
incompatible with the social position   
the woman may be called to fill  in     
after-life1 and which too often         

presupposes1 what even education has  a 
difficulty in supplying--a subsistence  
in life4 ,where we equip1 we too        
frequently impede4 ,in the hurry to be  
intelligent and accomplished1 the       
glitter of drawing-room graces is an    
object of greater desire than the  more 
homely but not less estimable virtues   
identified with the kitchen4  ,our young
 housewives are imbued with far too much
 of the sthete at the  expense of the   
cook2 too much of the stage1 and too    
little of the home4  ,in abandoning the 
equally mistaken views of our           
grandfathers on women's  up-bringing1 we
 have gone to the opposite extreme1 to  
the exclusion of  anything like a means 
to an end2 and in the blindest disregard
 of the  recipients' circumstances in   
life1 present and prospective4    ,in   
considering what the aim of female      
education ought to be1 it is  surely not
 too much to expect that of all things  
it should mentally  and physically fit  
our women for the battle of life4 ,its  

application  and utility should not have
 to end where they practically do at    
present--at the altar4 ,while it is     
necessary to provide a common armour    
for purposes of general defence1 there  
certainly ought to be a special         
strengthening of the harness where most 
blows are to be anticipated2  and if not
 to all1 certainly to middle-class      
women1 the years of battle  come after1 
not before marriage4 ,every one of them1
 then1 ought to  be trained in          
conformity with the supreme law of her  
being1 to prove  a real helpmate to the 
man that takes her to wife4 ,make sure  
that she  is first of all thoroughly    
qualified for a mother's part1 in what  
may  be called a working sphere of life2
 then add whatever graces may be        
desirable as a sweetening1 according to 
taste1 means1 and opportunity4  ,it is  
in this happy blending of abstract      
knowledge with the economy of  a home1  
that true success in the education of   
middle-class women must  be sought4     

,in the training of our boys1 utility in
 after-life is seldom lost  sight of4   
,why should it be too often the reverse 
in the education of  our girls1 whose   
great vocation in life1 as wives and    
mothers1 is a  birthright they cannot   
renounce1 which no lord of creation can 
deprive  them of1 and which no sticklers
 for what they are pleased to call the  
rights of women can logically disown8   
,no doubt1 among the last-named  there  
are extreme people1 who cannot1 from the
 very nature of their  own individual   
circumstances1 see anything in wifely   
cares save the  shackles of an old-world
 civilisation4 ,in their eyes1          
motherhood is a  tax upon pleasure1 and 
an abasement of the sex4 ,with them1    
there need  be no parley4 ,there is no  
pursuit under the sun that a woman will 
not  freely forsake--often at a         
sacrifice--for the wifely cares that    
supervene  on marriage2 and therein1 few
 will deny1 lies her great and natural  
sphere in life4 ,than it1 there is no   

nobler4 ,in it1 she can encounter  no   
rival2 and any attempt to divest herself
 of nature's charge can  have but one   
ending4 ,the blandishments of a cold    
stheticism can never  soothe1 animate1  
and brighten the human soul1 like the   
warm1 suffusive  joys which cluster     
round the married state4    ,here we may
 briefly digress to remark1 that in our 
opinion1 no valid  objections can be    
urged against women entering            
professional life1  provided they stick 
to it4 ,they already teach1 and that is 
neither  the lightest nor least         
important of masculine pursuits4 ,why   
should they  not prescribe for body and 
soul8 why not turn their proverbial     
gifts  of speech to a golden account at 
the bar8 ,it would be in quitting any   
of these professions1 and taking up the 
rle of wife and mother1  which they     
would have to learn at the expense of   
their own and others'  happiness1 that  
the real mischief of the liberty would  
lie4 ,in nine  cases out of ten1 their  

failure in the second choice would be   
assured1  thereby poisoning all social  
well-being at its very source4    ,the  
woman not over- but mis-educated is     
becoming an alarmingly fruitful  cause  
of the downward tendencies of much of   
our middle-class society4  ,she herself 
is less to blame for this1 than the     
short-sighted1 though  possibly         
well-meant policy of her parents and    
guardians1 who1 in the  worst spirit of 
the age1 veneer their own flesh and     
blood1 as they do  their furniture1 for 
appearance' sake4 ,let us glance at the 
educational  equipment they provide     
their girls with1 always premising that 
our  remarks are to be held as strictly 
applicable only to the middle ranks  of 
our complex society4    ,our typical    
young woman receives a large amount of  
miscellaneous  education1 extending far 
through her teens1 and amounting to a   
very  fair mastery of the ,rs4 ,if she  
limp in any of these1 it will be  in the
 admittedly vexatious processes of      

arithmetic4 ,she will have  a pretty    
ready command of the grammatical and    
idiomatic uses of her  mother-tongue2 a 
fairly firm hold of the geography of    
this planet1 and  an intelligent        
conception of the extra-terrestrial     
system4 ,she will  have plodded through 
piles of ,french and ,german courses1   
learning many  things from them but the 
language4 ,she will have a fair if not  
profound  knowledge of history4 ,she    
can1 in all likelihood1 draw a little1  
and  even paint2 but of all her         
accomplishments1 what she must          
imperatively  excel in is music4 ,from  
tender years1 she will have diligently  
laboured  at all the musical            
profundities2 and her chances in the    
matrimonial  market of the future are   
probably regarded as being in proportion
 to  her proficient manipulation of the 
keyboard4 ,if she can sing1 well and    
good2 play on the piano she must4 ,if1  
as a girl1 she has no taste for         
instrumental music1 and no ear to guide 

her flights in harmony1 the  more reason
 why she should1 with the perseverance  
of despair1 thump  away on the          
irresponsive ivories1 in defiance of    
every instinct in her  being4 ,the      
result at twenty may be something       
tangible in some cases1  but extremely  
unsatisfactory at the price4    ,during 
all these years1 she has been           
systematically kept ignorant of  almost 
every domestic care4 ,of the            
commonplaces of cookery she has  not the
 remotest idea4 ,a great educationist1  
whose statement we have  good reason to 
indorse1 asserts that there are         
thousands of our young  housewives that 
do not know how to cook a potato4 ,this 
may seem satire4  ,it is1 we fear1 in   
too many cases1 true1 and we quote it   
with a view to  correct rather than     
chastise4    ,the misapplications of    
young miss's upbringing do not end here4
 ,she  cannot sew to any purpose4 ,if   
she deign to use a needle at all1 it  is
 to embroider a smoking-cap for a lover 

or a pair of slippers for  papa4 ,to sew
 on a button1 or cut out and unite the  
plainest piece of  male or female       
clothing1 is not always within her      
powers1 or at least  her inclinations4  
,prosaic vulgar work1 fit only for      
dressmakers and  milliners6 ,she will   
spend weeks and months over eighteen    
inches of  what she is pleased to call  
lace1 while the neighbouring seamstress 
is  making up all her underclothing1 to 
pay for which1 papa has not too  much   
money2 but then it is genteel4    ,she  
cannot knit4 ,a pair of worsted cuffs or
 a lanky cravat is something  great to  
attain to2 while a stocking1 even were  
the charwomen less  easily paid1 is sure
 to come off the needles right-lined as 
any of  ,euclid's parallelograms--all   
leg and no ankle--a suspicion of foot1  
but  never a vestige of heel4 ,to darn  
the hole that so soon appears in the    
loosely knitted fabric1 would be a      
servile1 reproachful task1 quite        
staggering to the sentimental           

aspirations of our engaged ,angelina4   
,yet darning and the divine art of      
mending will one day be to her a        
veritable philosopher's stone1 whose    
magic influences will shed beams  of    
happiness over her household1 and       
fortunate will she be if she have  not  
to seek it with tears4    ,by the       
sick-bed1 where she ought to be supreme1
 she is often worse  than useless4 ,the 
pillows that harden on the couch of     
convalescence1  too rarely know her     
softening touch4 ,she may be all        
kindness and  attention--for the natural
 currents of her being are full to      
repletion  of sweetness and             
sympathy--yet as incapable of really    
skilled service  as an artist's         
lay-figure4 ,and1 as a last touch to the
 sorry picture1  instead of being in any
 way a source of comfort to the         
bread-winners of  her family1 or a      
lessening of the strain on their        
purse-strings1 she is  a continual cause
 of extra work to servants1 of anxiety  

to her parents1  of ennui to herself4   
,apparently1 the chief mission of the   
young lady to whom we  address          
ourselves1 is to entice some eligible   
young man into the  responsibilities of 
wedlock4 ,he1 poor fellow1 succumbs not 
so much  to intrinsic merits1 as to fine
 lady-like airs4 ,he sees the polish  on
 the surface1 and takes for granted that
 there is good solid wear  underneath4  
,our young miss has conquered1 and quits
 the family  roof-tree1 sweetly         
conscious of her orange wreath of       
victory2 but  alas6--we are sorry to say
 it--do not her conquests too often end 
at  the altar1 unless she resolutely set
 herself to learn the exacting          
mysteries of her new sphere1 and1 what  
is far more difficult1 to  unlearn much 
that she has acquired8 ,that she often  
does at this stage  make a bold and firm
 departure from the toyish fancies of   
her training1  and makes1 from the sheer
 plasticity and devotion of her         
character1  wonderful strides in the    

housewife's craft1 we cheerfully        
confess4 ,were  it otherwise1 the       
domestic framework of society would be  
in a far more  disorganised condition   
than it happily is4 ,but why handicap   
her for the  most important1 most       
arduous portion of her race in life8    
,why train her  to be the vapid fine    
lady1 with almost the certainty that1 by
 so doing1  you are taking the surest   
means of rendering her an insufficient  
wife  and mother8 ,and1 unfortunately1  
not always1 in fact but seldom1 is she  
able1 when she crosses her husband's    
threshold1 to tear herself away  from   
her omnivorous novel-reading1           
piano-playing1 and all the other        
alleviations of confirmed idleness4     
,the sweets of the honeymoon and an     
undefined vacation beyond make no  great
 calls on her as a helpmate and wife4   
,if her husband's means  permit of a    
servant or two1 the smoother the water  
and the plainer  the sailing for the    
nonce2 although these keen-scented      

critics in  the kitchen will1 in a very 
short time1 detect and take the grossest
  advantage of their mistress's         
inexperience4 ,besides1 if we reflect   
that among our middle classes more marry
 on an income of two hundred  pounds    
than on a higher1 it becomes painfully  
apparent that two or  three servants are
 the one thing our young housewife      
needs1 but cannot  possibly afford4     
,she is now1 however1 only about to     
begin her life-work1 and if there is    
such a thing clearly marked out for a   
being on this globe1 it is for  woman4  
,by birthright1 she is the mother of the
 human race4 ,could she  have a greater1
 grander field for enterprise8 ,how     
admirably has nature  fitted her for    
performing the functions of the mother  
and adorning the  province of the wife6 
,hence1 there devolves upon her a       
responsibility  which no extraneous     
labour in more inviting fields can      
excuse4 ,no  philosophy1 no tinkering of
 the constitution1 no success in the    

misnamed higher walks of life and       
knowledge1 will atone for the failure   
of the mother4 ,let her shine a social  
star of the first magnitude1 let  her be
 supreme in every intellectual circle1  
and then marry1 as she  is ever prone to
 do1 in spite of all theories2 and if   
she fail as a  mother1 she fails as a   
woman and as a human being4 ,she becomes
 a mere  rag1 a tatter of nature's      
cast-off clothing1 spiritless1 aimless1 
a  failure in this great world of work4 
,as her family increases1 the household 
shadows deepen1 where all  should be    
purity1 sweetness1 and light4 ,the      
domestic ship may even  founder through 
the downright1 culpable incapacity of   
her that takes  the helm4 ,her children 
never have the air of comfort and       
cleanliness4  ,in their clothes1 the    
stitch is never in time4 ,the wilful    
neglect1 and  consequent waste1 in this 
one matter of half-worn clothing is     
almost  incredible4 ,a slatternly       
atmosphere pervades her entire home4    

,with the  lapse of time our young wife 
becomes gradually untidy1 dishevelled1  
and even dirty1 in her own person2 and  
at last sits down for good1             
disconsolate and overwhelmed by her     
unseen foe4 ,her husband can find no    
pleasure in the #8hugger-mugger1' as    
,carlyle phrases it1 of his home2  there
 is no brightness in it to cheer his    
hours of rest4 ,he returns  from his    
daily labours to a chaos1 which he shuns
 by going elsewhere2  and so the sequel 
of misery and neglect takes form4    ,as
 a first precaution against such a      
calamity1 let us strip our  home-life of
 every taint of quackery4 ,let us regard
 women's education1  like that of men1  
as a means to a lifelong end1 never     
forgetting that  if we unfit it for     
everyday practice1 we render it a mere  
useless gem1  valuable in a sense1 but  
unset4 ,middle-class women will be the  
better  educated1 in every sense1 the   
more skilled they are in the functions  
of the mother and the duties of the     

wife4 ,give them every chance of        
proving thrifty wives and good mothers1 
in addition to1 or1 where  that is      
impossible1 to the exclusion of         
accomplished brides4 ,let some  part of 
their training as presently constituted1
 such as the rigours  of music1 and the 
fritterings of embroidery1 give way1 in 
part1 to  the essential acquirements    
which every woman1 every mother should  
possess1 and which no gold can buy4     
,give us a woman1 then1 natural in  her 
studies1 her training1 her vocations1   
and her dress1 and in the  words of the 
wisest of men1 who certainly had a      
varied experience of  womankind1 we     
shall have something #8far more precious
 than rubies4 ,she  will not be afraid  
of the snow for her household2 strength 
and honour  will be her clothing2 her   
husband shall have no need of spoil2 he 
shall  be known in the gates1 when he   
sitteth among the elders2 he shall      
praise her2 and her children shall call 
her blessed4'          ,,by ,,mead ,,and

 ,,stream4      ,,chapter ,,iv4--,,in   
,,the ,,oak ,,parlour4    ,and so1 it   
had been only a bit of ,uncle ,dick's   
kindly forethought and  common-sense    
which had prompted the alarming words he
 had spoken to  ,madge4 ,how she and    
,philip laughed at the chimerical idea  
that there  could be any possible       
combination of circumstances in time or 
space  which could alter their thoughts 
regarding each other6 ,the birds in  the
 orchard1 in the intervals of pecking   
the fruit1 seemed to sing a  joyous     
laughing chorus at the absurdity of     
it--notwithstanding that the  admission 
of it might be prudent4    ,but when    
they came down to the point of vague    
admission that in the  abstract and in  
relation to other couples--of course it 
could not apply  to their own           
case--,uncle ,dick's counsel was such as
 prudent young people  about to separate
 should keep in mind1 an expression of  
perplexity  flitted across ,madge's     
face4 ,she looked at him with those     

tenderly  wistful serious eyes1 half    
doubting whether or not to utter the    
thought  which had come to her4         
#8,but what ,i cannot understand1' she  
said slowly1 #8is why ,uncle ,dick      
should have been in such a temper4 ,you 
know that although he may fly  into a   
passion at anything that seems to him   
wrong1 he never keeps it  up4 ,now he   
had all the time riding home from       
,kingshope to cool1 and yet  when he    
spoke to me he seemed to be as angry as 
if he had just come out  of the room    
where the quarrel took place4'          
#8,what can it matter to us8' was the   
blithe response4 #8,he is not angry     
with me or with you1 and so long as that
 is the case we need not mind  if he    
should quarrel with all creation4'      
#8,i'll tell you what we will do1' she  
said1 and the disappearance of  all     
perplexity from her face showed that she
 was quite of his opinion1  although she
 wanted to have it supported by another 
authority4    #8,what is that8'    #8,we

 will go in and ask ,aunt ,hessy what   
she thinks about it4444 ,are you  aware1
 sir' 7this with a pretty assumption of 
severity71 #8that you have  not seen    
aunty to-day1 and that you have not even
 inquired about her8'    #8,that is     
bad1' he muttered2 but it was evident   
that the badness which  he felt was the 
interruption of the happy wandering     
through the orchard  by this summary    
recall to duty4    ,in his remorse1     
however1 he was ready to sacrifice his  
present  pleasure2 for ,aunt ,hessy was 
a stanch friend of theirs1 and it  might
 be that her cheery way of looking at   
things would dispel  the last lingering 
cloud of doubt from ,madge's mind       
regarding the  misunderstanding between 
his father and ,uncle ,dick4    #8,then 
we had better go in at once2 we shall   
find her in the dairy4'    ,mrs         
,crawshay was superintending the        
operations of three buxom maidens  who  
were scalding the large cans in which   
the milk was conveyed every  morning to 

the metropolis4 ,her ruddy face with the
 quiet1 kindly gray  eyes was that of a 
woman in her prime1 and even her        
perfectly white  hair did not detract   
from the sense of youth which was       
expressed in her  appearance3 it was an 
additional charm4 ,she was nearly sixty4
 ,her age  was a standing joke of ,uncle
 ,dick's4 ,he had made the discovery    
that she  was a month older than        
himself1 and he magnified it into a     
year4    #8,can't you see8' he would    
say1 #8if you are born in ,december and 
,i am  born in ,january1 that makes     
exactly a year's difference8'    ,then  
there would be a loud guffaw1 and ,uncle
 ,dick would feel that he  had          
completely overcome the ,missus4 ,the   
words and the guffaw were as  a rule    
simultaneous1 and if nobody happened to 
be present1 it usually  ended in ,uncle 
,dick putting his arm round her neck and
 saying with a  lump in his throat3     
#8,my old lass--young always to me4'    
,he had not the slightest notion of the 

poetry that was in his soul  whilst he  
spoke4    ,mrs ,crawshay believed in    
young love4 ,she had been very happy in 
hers4  ,she had been brought up on a    
farm4 ,lads had come about her of       
course1  and she had put them aside with
 a--#8,nay1 lad1 ,i'm not for thee1' and
 had  thought no more about them4 ,then 
,dick ,crawshay had come1 and--she did  
not know why--she had said3 #8,yes1 thou
 art my lad4'    ,they had been very    
happy notwithstanding their             
losses--indeed the losses  seemed to    
have drawn them closer together4        
#8,it's only you and me1 my old lass1'  
he would say in their privacy4          
#8,only you and me1 ,dick1' she would   
say as her gray head rested on his      
breast with all the emotion of youth in 
her heart4           99       99        
99       99       99    #8,go into the  
oak parlour1' said ,mrs ,crawshay       
cheerily to the young  folks1 when she  
understood their mission2 #8and ,i'll be
 with you in a  minute4'    ,the oak    

parlour was the stateroom of the house4 
,it was long and high2  the oak of the  
panels and beams which supported the    
pointed roof were  of that dark hue     
which only time can impart4 ,the three  
narrow windows  had been lengthened by  
,dick's father1 and when the moon shone 
through  them they were like three white
 ghosts looking in upon the dark        
chamber4 ,but the moon did not often get
 a chance of doing this1 for  there was 
only a brief period of the year during  
which there was not  a huge fire blazing
 in the great old-fashioned ingle4      
,there were four  portraits of former   
,crawshays and three of famous horses2  
with these  exceptions the walls were   
bare1 for none of the family had ever   
been  endowed with much love of art4    
,there were some legends still current  
about the mysteries hidden  behind the  
sombre panels4 ,one of the panels was   
specially honoured  because it was      
reputed to have a recess behind it in   
which the king had  found shelter for a 

time during his flight from the         
,roundheads4 ,but  owing to the         
indifference or carelessness of         
successive generations1  nobody was now 
quite sure to which of the panels this  
honour properly  belonged4 ,there had   
been occasional attempts made to        
discover the royal  hiding-place1 but   
they had hitherto failed4    ,the       
furniture was plain and substantial1    
displaying the styles of  several       
periods of manufacture4 ,in spite of the
 stiff straight lines of  most of the   
things in the room1 the red curtains1   
the red table-cover1  the odd variety of
 the chairs gave the place a homely and1
 when the  fire was ablaze1 a cosy      
expression4 ,this stateroom was         
correctly called  #8parlour1' and it had
 been the scene of many a revel4    ,as 
,philip and ,madge were on their way to 
the oak parlour1 a servant  presented a 
card to the latter4    #8,he asked for  
you1 miss1' said the girl1 and passed on
 to the kitchen4    ,madge looked at the

 card1 and instantly held it out to     
,philip4    #8,hullo6--my father1'      
ejaculated he1 adding with a laugh3     
#8,now you can  see that this mountain  
of yours is not even a molehill4'       
#8,how can you tell that8'    #8,because
 my father is the reverse of ,uncle     
,dick4 ,he never forgets--,i  doubt if  
he ever forgives--an unpleasant word4   
,and yet here he is4 ,come  along at    
once--but we had better say nothing to  
him about the affair  unless he speaks  
of it himself4'    ,they entered the    
room together1 smiling hopefully4    ,mr
 ,lloyd ,hadleigh was standing at a     
window1 hat in one hand1 slim  umbrella 
in the other1 and staring hard at the   
shrubs4 ,he had a way of  staring hard  
at everything1 and yet the way was so   
calm and thoughtful  that he did not    
appear to see anything or anybody1 and  
thus the stare  was not offensive4      
#8,the guv'nor always seems to be       
dreaming about you when he looks at     
you1 and you never know when he's going 

to speak--that's awk'ard1' was  the     
description of his expression given by  
,caleb ,kersey1 one of the  occasional  
labourers on ,ringsford4    ,he was a   
man of average height1 firmly built2    
square face2 thick  black moustache2    
close cropped black hair1 with only an  
indication of  thinning on the top and  
showing few streaks of white4 ,his age  
was not  more than fifty1 and he had    
attained the full vigour of life4       
#8,people talk about the fire and 8go0  
of thirty1' he would say in his  dry    
way4 #8,it is nonsense4 ,at that age a  
man is either going downhill or  going  
up it1 and in either case he is too much
 occupied and worried to  have time to  
be happy4 ,that was the most miserable  
period of my life4'    ,coldness was the
 first impression of his outward        
character4 ,no one had  ever seen him in
 a passion4 ,successful in business1 he 
had provided  well for the five children
 of a very early marriage4 ,he never    
referred  to that event1 and had been   

long a widower without showing the      
slightest inclination to establish a new
 mistress at ,ringsford4    ,he turned  
on the entrance of ,madge and ,philip1  
saluting the former with  grave         
politeness2 then to the latter3 #8,there
 are some letters for you  at home1     
,philip4'    #8,thank you1 sir2 but ,i  
have no doubt they can wait4 ,i am to   
stay for  dinner here4'    #8,from the  
postmarks ,i judge they are of          
importance4'    #8,ah--then ,i know who 
they are from1 and in that case there is
 no hurry  at all1 for the mail does not
 leave until ,monday4'    ,mr ,hadleigh 
addressed himself to ,madge--no sign of 
annoyance in voice or  manner4    #8,may
 ,i be permitted to have a few minutes' 
conversation with you in  private1 ,miss
 ,heathcote8'    #8,i beg your pardon1  
sir1' broke in ,philip hastily2 #8,i did
 not  understand you to mean that you   
found me in the way4--,if your aunt     
should ask for me1 ,miss ,heathcote1 ,i 
shall be in the garden4'    ,with a     

good-natured inclination of the head1 he
 went out4 ,and as he  walked down the  
garden path filling his pipe1 he        
muttered to himself  thoughtfully3      
#8,seems to me he grows queerer and     
queerer every day4 ,what  can be the    
matter with him8 ,if anybody else had   
asked for a private  interview so       
solemnly1 ,i should have taken it for   
granted that he was  going to           
propose4444 ,daresay he wants to give   
some explanation of that  confounded    
row1 and make his apologies through     
,madge4 ,i should like him  to do that4'
    ,but ,mr ,hadleigh was neither going
 to propose nor to make apologies4  ,he 
smiled1 a curious sort of half-sad1     
half-amused smile1 and there  was really
 something interesting in the expression
 of his eyes at the  moment4    #8,the  
truth is1 ,miss ,heathcote1 that ,i     
cannot acknowledge weakness  before     
,philip4 ,he is such a reckless fellow  
about money1 that he would  tell me ,i  
ought to give in at once to the         

labourers4'    #8,i am sure he would    
not1 ,mr ,hadleigh1 if he thought you   
were in the  right4'    #8,i am not one 
likely to hold out if convinced that ,i 
am in the wrong4'    #8,few men do under
 these conditions1 ,mr ,hadleigh1' said 
,madge1 smiling4    #8,well1 at anyrate1
 ,i want your assistance very much2 will
 you give it8'    #8,with great         
pleasure1 if it is worth anything to    
you4'    #8,it is worth everything2 for 
what harvest ,i might have on the       
home-farm--and ,i understand it promises
 to be a good one--is likely to be  lost
 unless you help me4'    #8,how can that
 be1 ,mr ,hadleigh8'    #8,through beer4
 ,this is how the matter stands4 ,you   
know the dispute  about the wages1 and  
,i am willing to give in to that4 ,but  
on this  question of beer in the field  
,i am firm4 ,the men and women shall    
have  the price of it2 but ,i will      
neither give beer on the field nor      
permit  them to bring it there4 ,a great
 reform is to be worked in this matter1 

and ,i mean to do what little ,i can to 
advance it4 ,i am sure1 ,miss           
,heathcote1 you must acknowledge that ,i
 am right in adhering to this           
resolution4'    #8,i have been brought  
up in some very old-fashioned notions1  
,mr  ,hadleigh1' she answered with      
pretty evasiveness4    #8,there is a    
high principle at stake in it1 my dear  
,miss ,heathcote1 and  it is worth      
fighting for4'    #8,but ,i do not yet  
see how my services are to be of use to 
you1' she  said1 anxious to avoid this  
debatable subject4 ,it was one on which 
her uncle had quite different views from
 those of ,mr ,hadleigh4 ,and1          
therefore1 she could not altogether     
sympathise with the latter's            
enthusiasm1 eager as she was to see the 
people steady and sober1 for  she       
remembered at the moment that he had    
made a considerable portion of  his     
fortune out of a brewery4    #8,that was
 exactly what ,i was about to explain1' 
he replied4 #8,i came to  beg you to    

speak to ,caleb ,kersey4'               
#8,caleb6--why1 he never touches        
anything stronger than tea4'    #8,that 
may be2 but he believes that other      
people have a right to do so  if they   
like4 ,he has persuaded every man and   
woman who comes to me  or my bailiff to 
put the question3 8,is there to be      
beer80 ,when they  are answered3 8,no2  
but the money10 they turn on their heels
 and march  off1 so that at this moment 
we have only two men4 ,now1 my dear     
,miss  ,heathcote1 will you persuade    
,kersey to stop his interference8'      
#8,i do not see that he is interfering2 
but ,i will speak to him4'    #8,thanks1
 thanks4 ,if you were with me ,i should 
have no difficulty4'    #8,you would    
find me a very bad second1' she         
answered1 laughing1 #8for ,i  should    
say--submit to old customs until        
persuasion alters them1 since  force    
never can4'    ,two things struck ,madge
 during this interview and the          
commonplaces  about nothing which       

followed it3 ,the first1 how much more  
frank and at  ease he seemed to be with 
her than with any one else2 and the     
second  was1 how loath he seemed to go4 
,the owner of ,ringsford said to himself
 as he was driven away3 #8,i shall  be  
glad when she is ,philip's wife4'       
,,chapter ,v4--,a ,,new ,,eden4    ,she 
was still standing at the door to which 
she had accompanied ,mr  ,hadleigh1 and 
was looking after him1 when a kindly    
voice behind her  said3 #8,he does look 
a woeful man4 ,i wonder if he has any   
real friends4'    ,madge turned4 ,aunt  
,hessy was standing there1 a pitying    
expression on  her comely face1 and she 
was wiping her hands in her apron4      
,there was  nothing in ,mrs ,crawshay's 
manner or appearance to indicate her    
,quaker  antecedents1 except the        
frequent use of thee and thou--she did  
not  always use that form of speech--and
 the quiet tone of all the colours  of  
her dress4 ,yet1 until her marriage she 
had been1 like her father1  a good      

,wesleyan2 after her marriage she       
accompanied her husband to  the church  
in which his family had kept their place
 for so many  generations4 ,to her      
simple faith it was the same whether she
 worshipped  in church or chapel4       
#8,why do you say that1 aunt8'          
#8,because he seems to be so much       
alone4'    #8,mr ,hadleigh alone6 ,what 
about all the people who visit the      
manor8'    #8,ay1 they visit the manor1'
 answered ,aunt ,hessy1 with a slight   
shake of  the head and a quiet smile4   
,that set ,madge thinking4 ,he did      
impress her as a solitary man1          
notwithstanding his family1 his many    
visitors1 his school treats1 his        
flower-shows1 and other signs of a busy 
and what ought to be a happy  life4     
,then there was the strange thing that  
he should come to ask her  assistance to
 enable him to come to terms with the   
harvesters4    #8,i believe you are     
right1 aunt4 ,he is very much alone1 and
 ,i suppose  that was why he came to me 

to-day4'    #8,what did he want8' asked 
,dame ,crawshay1 with unusual quickness 
and an  expression of anxiety ,madge    
could not remember ever having seen on  
her  face before4 ,she did not          
understand it until long afterwards4    
,having explained the object of ,mr     
,hadleigh's visit1 as she understood    
it1 she was surprised to see how much   
relieved her aunt looked4 ,knowing  that
 that good woman had never had a secret 
in her life1 and never made  the least  
mystery about anything1 she put the     
question direct3 #8,did you  expect him 
to say anything else8'    #8,i don't    
know1 ,madge4 ,he is a queer man1 ,mr   
,hadleigh1 in a-many ways4  ,he spoke to
 your uncle about this1 and he would    
have nothing to do with  it4'    #8,and 
that is why they fell out at the market1
 ,i suppose4'    #8,where is ,philip8   
,he must take after his mother1 for he  
is  straightforward in everything4'     
#8,he is out in the garden4 ,shall ,i go
 for him8'    #8,nay4 ,i want more peas1

 so we can find him on our way for      
them4'    ,philip had not gone far4 ,he 
had walked down to the duck-pond2 but   
after  that distant excursion1 he kept  
near the little gate beside the dairy1  
glancing frequently at the house-door4  
,he was dallying with the last  hours of
 the bright morning of his love1 and he 
grudged every moment  that ,madge was   
away from him4 ,a few days hence he     
would be looking back  to this one with 
longing eyes4 ,how miserable he would be
 on board that  ship6 ,how he would hate
 the sound of the machinery1 knowing    
that every  stroke of the piston was    
taking him so much farther away from    
her4 ,and  then1 as the waters widened  
and stretched into the sky1 would not   
his  heart sink1 and would he not wish  
that he had never started on this  weary
 journey8    ,in response to that       
lover-like question1 he heard the echo  
of ,madge's  voice in his brain3 #8,it  
was your mother's wish4'    ,this simple
 reminder was enough1 for he cherished  

the sad memory of  that sweet pale face1
 which smiled upon him hopefully a      
moment before  it became calm in death4 
,he sprang away from these sorrowful    
reflections4 ,yes2 he would look  back  
longingly to this day when sea and sky  
shut out ,willowmere and  ,madge from   
sight4 ,but they would both be palpable 
to his mental vision2  and he would look
 forward to that still brighter day of  
his return1 his  mission fulfilled1 and 
nothing to do but marry ,madge and live 
happy  ever after4 ,ay1 that should     
comfort him and make the present parting
  bearable4    ,besides1 who could say  
with what fortune he might come back8   
,the uncle  to whom he was going was    
rumoured to be the possessor of fabulous
  wealth1 and although married he was   
childless4 ,true1 also1 he was  reported
 to be so eccentric that nobody could   
understand him1 or  form the slightest  
conception of how he would act under any
 given  circumstances4 ,but it was known
 that before he went abroad1 his        

sister--,philip's mother--had been the  
one creature in whom all his  affection 
seemed to be concentrated4 ,an          
inexplicable coldness appeared  in his  
conduct towards her after her marriage4 
,the reason had never  been explained4  
,shortly before her death1 however1     
there had come a letter from him1  which
 made her very happy4 ,but she had      
burned the letter1 by his  instructions1
 without showing it to any one or       
revealing its contents4  ,evidently it  
was this letter which induced her to lay
 upon her son  the charge of going to   
her brother ,austin ,shield1 whenever he
 should  be summoned4 ,but the uncle    
held no correspondence with any one at  
,ringsford4 ,that he was still alive1   
could be only surmised from vague       
reports and the fact that on every      
anniversary of ,mrs ,hadleigh's         
birthday1 with one exception1 a fresh   
wreath of flowers was found on  her     
grave--placed there1 it was believed1 by
 his orders4 ,then a few  months ago1 a 

letter had come to ,philip1 containing  
an invitation from  his uncle1          
suggesting possible advantages1 and     
inclosing a draft for  expenses4 ,so1   
being summoned1 he was going2 and       
whether the result  should be good or   
ill fortune1 his mother's last command  
would be  obeyed1 and he would return   
with a clear conscience to marry ,madge4
    ,that thought kept him in           
good-humour throughout the weary ages   
which  seemed to elapse before he saw   
,madge and her aunt approaching4 ,he ran
  to meet them4    #8,i thought you were
 never coming1' was his exclamation4    
#8,thou'lt be able to do without her for
 a longer time than this without        
troubling thyself1 by-and-by1' said     
,dame ,crawshay with one of her         
pleasant smiles4    #8,when that day    
comes1 ,i will say you are a prophetess 
of evil1' he  retorted1 laughing1 but   
with an air of affectionate respect4    
,that was  the feeling with which she   
inspired everybody4    #8,nay1 lad2 but 

it need not be evil1 for you may be     
apart1 surely1 doing  good for each     
other4'    #8,yes2 but not without      
wishing we were together4'    #8,wilt   
ever be wishing that8'    #8,for ever   
and ever4'    ,he answered with         
burlesque solemnity outwardly2 but      
,madge knew that he  spoke from his     
heart1 and in the full faith of his     
words4 ,she gave him  a quiet glance    
with those soft wistful eyes1 and he was
 very happy4    ,they had reached a tall
 row of peas1 at which ,dame ,crawshay  
had  been already busy that morning1 as 
a wooden chair placed beside it         
indicated4 ,here she seated herself1 and
 began to pluck the peas1  shelling them
 as she plucked2 then dropping the pods 
into her lap and  the peas into a basin4
 ,she performed the operation with      
mechanical  regularity1 which did not in
 any way interfere with conversation4   
,madge1 kneeling beside her1 helped with
 nimble fingers2 and ,philip1  hands    
clasped behind him1 stood looking on    

admiringly4 ,the sun was  shining upon  
them2 and1 darting shafts of light      
through the surrounding  trees1 made    
bright spots amidst the moving shadows  
underneath4  ,everything seemed to be   
still and sleepy4 ,the breeze was so    
light that  there was only a gentle     
rustle of leaves1 and through it was    
heard  the occasional thud of an        
over-ripe apple or pear as it fell1 and 
the  drowsy hum of the bees4    ,light1 
warmth1 peace4 #8,ah1' thought ,philip1 
#8if we could only go on  this way      
always6 ,if we could fix ourselves thus 
as in a photograph1  what a blessed     
,eden this would be6'    #8,thou'dst    
find it dull soon1 ,philip1 standing    
there looking at us  shelling peas1 if  
thou wert forced to do it1' said ,dame  
,crawshay1  looking up at him with a    
curious smile4    #8,that shows you     
cannot guess my thoughts4 ,they were of 
quite a  different nature1 for ,i was   
wishing that there had been some fixing 
process in nature1 so that there might  

never be any change in our  present     
positions4'    ,madge looked as if she  
had been thinking something very        
similar2 but  she went on silently      
shelling peas2 and a sunbeam shooting   
through a  gap in the green pea hedge1  
made a golden radiance on her face4     
#8,eh1 deary me1 what love will do6'    
exclaimed the dame1 laughing1 but       
shaking her head regretfully1 as if     
sorry that she could not look at  things
 in the same hopeful humour4 #8,other   
people have talked like  that in the    
heyday of life4 ,some have found a      
little of their hope  fulfilled2 many   
have found none of it3 all have found   
that they had to  give up the thought of
 a great deal of what they expected4    
,some take  their disappointment with   
wise content and make the best of things
 as  they find them4 ,they jog along as 
happily as mortals may1 like ,dick and  
me2 a-many kick against the pricks and  
suffer sorely for it2 but all  have to  
give in sooner or later1 and own that   

the world could not get  along if       
everybody could arrange it to suit his  
own pleasure4'    ,how gently this      
good-natured philosopher brought them   
down from  the clouds to what foolish   
enthusiasts call contemptuously #8the   
common earth4' ,sensible people use the 
same phrase1 but they use it            
respectfully1 knowing that this #8common
 earth' may be made beautiful or  ugly  
as their own actions instruct their     
vision4    ,to ,philip it was quite true
 that most people sought something they 
could never attain2 that many people    
fancied they had found the  something   
they wanted1 and discovered afterwards1 
to their sorrow1  that they had not     
found the thing at all4 ,but then1 you  
see1 it was an  entirely different      
condition of affairs in his case4 ,he   
had found what  he wanted1 and knew that
 there could be no mistake about it4    
,to ,madge1 her aunt's wisdom appeared  
to be very cold and even wrong  in some 
respects1 considering the placid and    

happy experiences of her  own life4 ,she
 had her great faith in ,philip--her    
dream of a life which  should be made up
 of devotion to him under any           
circumstances of joy  or sorrow1 and she
 could not believe that it was possible 
that their  experience should be as full
 of crosses as that of others4 ,and yet 
there was a strange faintness at her    
heart1 as if she were vaguely  conscious
 that there were possibilities which    
neither she nor ,philip  could foresee  
or understand4    #8,we shall be amongst
 the wise folk1' said ,philip           
confidently1 #8and  take things as they 
come1 contentedly4 ,we shall be easily  
contented1 so  long as we are true to   
each other--and ,i don't think you      
imagine there  is any chance of a       
mistake in that respect4'    ,aunt      
,hessy went on shelling peas for a time 
in silence4 ,there was  a thoughtful    
expression on her kindly face1 and there
 was even a  suggestion of sadness in   
it4 ,here were two young people--so     

young1 so  happy1 so full of faith in   
each other--just starting on that       
troublous  journey called ,life1 and she
 had to speak those words of warning    
which  always seem so harsh to the      
pupils1 until1 after bitter experience1 
they look back and say3 #8,if ,i had    
only taken the warning in time1 what    
might have been8'    ,by-and-by she     
spoke very softly3 #8,thou art thinking1
 ,madge1 that ,i am  croaking2 and thou1
 ,philip1 are thinking the same4444     
,nay1 there is no  need to deny it4 ,but
 ,i do not mean to dishearten thee4 ,all
 ,i want is to  make thee understand    
that there are many things we reckon as 
certain in  the heyday of life1 that    
never come to us4'    #8,i daresay1'    
said ,philip1 plucking a pea-pod and    
chewing it savagely2  #8but don't you   
think1 ,mrs ,crawshay1 that this is very
 like throwing  cold-water on us1 and   
that throwing cold-water is very apt to 
produce  the misadventure which you     
think possible8--that is1 that something

  might happen to alter our plans8'     
#8,i am sorry for that1 lad2 ,i do not  
mean to throw cold-water on thee2  but  
rather to help thee and to help ,madge  
to look at things in a  sensible way4   
,listen4 ,i had a friend once who was   
like ,madge2 and she  had a friend who  
was1 as it might be1 like you1 ,philip4 
,he went away1  as you are going1 to    
seek his fortune in foreign parts4      
,there was a  blunder between them1 and 
she got wedded to another man4 ,her     
first lad  came back1 and finding how   
things were1 he went away again and     
never  spoke more to her4'    #8,they   
must have been miserable4'    #8,for a  
while they were miserable enough2 but   
they got over it4'    #8,i'll be bound  
the man never married4'    #8,there     
thou'dst be bound wrong4 ,he did marry1 
and is now wealthy and  prosperous1     
though she was taken away in a fever    
long ago4'    #8,ay1 but is he happy8'  
#8,that is only known to himself and    
,him that knows us all4'    #8,well1 for

 our future ,i will trust ,madge1' said 
,philip1 taking her  hand1 #8in spite of
 all your forebodings2 and she will     
trust me4'    ,dame ,crawshay had filled
 her basin with peas1 and she rose4     
#8,god bless thee1 ,philip1 wherever    
thou goest1 and make thy hopes          
realities1' she said with what seemed to
 the lovers unnecessary  solemnity4     
,the dame went into the house4 ,madge   
and ,philip went down the meadow1  and  
under the willows by the merry river1   
forgot that there was any  parting      
before them or any danger that their    
fortunes might be crossed4    ,those    
bright days6 ,can they ever come again1 
or can any future joy be  so full1 so   
perfect8 ,there are no                  
love-speeches--little talk of any  kind1
 and what there is1 is commonplace      
enough4 ,there is no need for  speech4  
,there is only--only6--the sense of the 
dear presence that makes  all the world 
beautiful1 leaving the heart nothing    
more to desire4    ,but the dreams in   

the sunshine there under the willows1   
with the river  murmuring sympathetic   
harmonies at their feet6 ,the dreams of 
a future1  and yet no future2 for it is 
always to be as now4 ,can it be possible
  that this man and woman will ever look
 coldly on each other--ever speak       
angry1 passionate words8 ,can it be     
possible that there will ever flit      
across their minds one instant's regret 
that they had come together8    ,no1 no3
 the dreams are of the future2 but the  
future will be always as  now--full of  
faith and gladness4          ,,the      
,,cliff-,,houses ,,of ,,ca,,on ,,de     
,,chelly4      ,the fourth and most     
southerly iron link of railway which    
will soon  stretch across the ,north    
,american continent from ocean to ocean 
is  rapidly approaching completion along
 the thirty-fifth parallel2  already it 
has reached the ,san ,francisco         
mountains in its course to  the         
,pacific4 ,while avoiding the chances of
 blockade by snow1 liable in  higher    

latitudes1 it has struck through a      
little explored region among  the vast  
plains of ,arizona and ,new ,mexico4 ,it
 is not easy at once to  realise the    
extent of table-lands1 greater in area  
than ,great ,britain  and ,ireland1 upon
 which no soul has a settled habitation4
 ,the sun beats  down with terrible     
force on these dry undulating plains1   
where at most  times nothing relieves   
the eye1 as it wanders away to the dim  
horizon1  save a few cactus and         
sage-bush plants4 ,but at seasons1 heavy
 rains  change dry gulches into roaring 
torrents1 and parched lowlands into     
broad lakes1 covering the country with a
 fine grass1 on which millions  of      
sheep1 horses1 and cattle are herded by 
wandering ,navajo and ,moqui  ,indians4 
,to the periodical rains1 as well as to 
geological convulsions1  are traced the 
causes of those wondrous chasms1 which  
in places break  abruptly the rolling   
surface of the prairie1 and extend in   
rocky gorges  for many miles4 ,they are 

called caons4 ,the grandeur of the      
scenery  found in one of them1 ,caon de 
,chelly1 can scarcely be overstated4    
,caon de ,chelly--pronounced ,canyon de 
,shay--is in the north of ,arizona4  ,it
 takes its name from a ,frenchman1 who  
is said to have been the first  white   
man to set foot within its walls2 but   
except the record of a  recent visit by 
the ,united ,states ,geological ,survey1
 no account of  it seems to have        
hitherto appeared4 ,the picturesque     
features of this  magnificent ravine are
 unrivalled2 and what lends a more      
fascinating  interest1 is the existence1
 among its rocky walls1 of dwellings    
once  occupied by a race of men1 who1   
dropping into the ocean of the past     
with an unwritten history1 are only     
known to us as cave-dwellers4    ,in    
,october #ahhb1 an exploring party1     
headed by ,professor ,stevenson  of the 
,ethnological ,bureau1 ,washington1 and 
escorted by a number of  soldiers and   
,indian guides1 set out for this        

remarkable spot4 ,one of  the party1    
,lieutenant ,t4 ,v4 ,keam1 has furnished
 the following details  of their        
investigations4 ,after travelling one   
hundred and twenty miles  out from the  
nearest military post1 ,fort ,defiance1 
and crossing a  desert some twenty miles
 broad1 the entrance to ,caon de ,chelly
 was  reached4 ,the bed of the ravine is
 entirely composed of sand1 which is    
constantly being blown along it1 with   
pitiless force1 by sudden gusts  of     
wind4 ,the walls of the caon are red    
sandstone2 at first1 but some  fifty    
feet high1 they increase gradually1     
until at eighteen miles they  reach an  
elevation of twelve hundred feet1 which 
is about the highest  point1 and        
continue without decreasing for at least
 thirty miles4 ,the  first night1       
,professor ,stevenson's party camped    
three miles from the  mouth of the caon1
 under a grove of cotton-wood trees1 and
 near a  clear flowing stream of water4 
,here the scene was an impressive one4  

,a side ravine of great magnitude       
intersected the main caon1 and at  the  
junction there stood out1 like a        
sentinel1 far from the rest of  the     
cliff1 one solemn brown stone shaft     
eight hundred feet high4 ,in  the       
morning1 continuing the journey through 
the awful grandeur of the  gorge1 the   
walls still increased in height1 some   
having a smooth and  beautifully        
coloured surface reaching to one        
thousand feet2 others1  from the action 
of water1 sand storms1 and atmospheric  
effects1 cut and  broken into grand     
arches1 battlements1 and spires of every
 conceivable  shape4 ,at times would be 
seen an immense opening in the wall1    
stretching back a quarter of a mile1 the
 sides covered with verdure of          
different shades1 reaching to the       
summit1 where tall firs with giant  arms
 seemed dwarfed to the size of a puny   
gooseberry bush1 and the  lordly oak was
 only distinguished by the beautiful    
sheen of its leaves4    ,on the second  

night the camp was formed at the base of
 a cliff1 in  which were descried1      
planted along a niche at a height of    
nearly one  hundred feet1 some          
cliff-dwellings4 ,next morning1 these   
were reached  after a dangerous climb1  
by means of a rope thrown across a      
projecting  stick1 up the almost        
perpendicular sides of this stupendous  
natural  fortress4 ,the village was     
perched on its narrow ledge of rock1    
facing  the south1 and was overshadowed 
by an enormous arch1 formed in the      
solid side of the caon4 ,overlapping the
 ruins for at least fifty feet1  at a   
height above them of sixty feet1 it     
spread its protecting roof  five hundred
 feet from end to end4 ,no moisture ever
 penetrated beyond  the edge of this red
 shield of nature2 and to its shelter1  
combined  with the dryness of the       
atmosphere and preserving nature of the 
sand1  is to be attributed the          
remarkable state of preservation1 after 
such a  lapse of time1 in which the     

houses of the cliff-dwellers were found4
  ,some of them still stood three       
stories high1 built in compact form1    
close together within the extremely     
limited space1 the timber used  to      
support the roof being in some cases    
perfectly sound4 ,the white  stone      
employed is gypsum1 cut with stone      
implements1 but having the  outer edges 
smoothly dressed and evenly laid up2 the
 stones of equal  size placed parallel  
with each other presenting a uniform and
 pleasing  appearance4    ,no remains of
 importance were found here1 excepting a
 finely woven  sandal1 and some pieces  
of netting made from the fibre of the   
yucca  plant4 ,but on proceeding two    
miles farther up the caon1 another group
  of ruins was discovered1 which        
contained relics of a very interesting  
character4 ,the interior of some of the 
larger houses was painted with  a series
 of red bands and squares1 fresh in     
colour1 and contained  fragments of     
ornamented pottery1 besides what        

appeared to be pieces  of blankets made 
from birds' feathers2 these1 perhaps1 in
 ages past  bedecked the shoulders of   
some red beauty1 when the grim old walls
  echoed the fierce war-songs of a      
long-lost nation4 ,but the most         
fortunate find at this spot1 and the    
first of that description made in  the  
country1 was a cyst1 constructed of     
timber smoothly plastered on  the       
inside1 containing remains of three of  
the ancient cliff-dwellers4  ,one was in
 a sitting posture1 the skin of the     
thighs and legs being in  a perfect     
state of preservation4 ,these ruins1 as 
in the former case1  were protected from
 the weather by an overhanging arch of  
rock4    ,at several points on the      
journey through ,caon de ,chelly1       
hieroglyphics  were traced1 graven on   
the cliff wall4 ,most of the designs    
were  unintelligible2 but figures of    
animals1 such as the bear and mountain  
sheep or goat1 were prominent4 ,another 
cliff village was observed of a         

considerable size1 but planted three    
hundred feet above the caon bed1  in    
such a position that it is likely to    
remain sacred from the foot of  man for 
still further generations4 ,the same    
elements which in geologic  time        
fashioned the caves and recesses of the 
caon walls1 have in later  times worn   
the approaches away1 so that to-day they
 do not even furnish  a footing for the 
bear or coyote4 ,in what remote age and 
for how many  generations the           
cliff-dwellers lived in these strange   
fastnesses1 will  probably never be     
determined4 ,faint traces of still older
 buildings  are found here and there in 
the bed of ,caon de ,chelly2 and it is  
conjectured that this region was once   
densely populated along the             
watercourses1 and that the tribes having
 been driven from their homes  by a     
powerful foe1 the remnant sought refuge 
in the caves of the caon  walls4    ,of 
the great antiquity of these structures1
 there is no question4  ,the ,indian of 

to-day knows nothing of their history1  
has not even  traditions concerning     
them4 ,the ,navajo1 with a few poles    
plastered  with a heavy deposit of      
earth1 constructs his hogan or wigwam1  
and  rarely remains in the same place   
winter and summer4 ,he has no more idea 
of constructing a dwelling like those so
 perfectly preserved in the  cliffs1    
than he has of baking specimens of      
pottery such as are found  in fragments 
amongst the walls4 ,in the fine quality 
of paste1 in the  animal                
handles--something like old ,japanese   
ware--and in the general  ornamentation1
 these exhibit a high order of          
excellence4 ,some specimens  of what is 
called laminated ware are remarkable2   
threadlike layers of  clay are laid one 
on each other with admirable delicacy   
and patience4  ,in these fragments may  
yet be read something of the history of 
a  vanished race4 ,they illuminate a    
dark corner in the world's history1  and
 seem to indicate a people who once felt

 civilising influences  higher than     
anything known by those uncouth figures 
whose camp-fires  now glimmer at night  
across the silent starlit prairie4      
,,two ,,days ,,in ,a ,,lifetime4    ,a  
,,story ,,in ,,eight ,,chapters4        
,,chapter ,,iii4    ,captain ,bowood    
came forward4 #8,sir ,frederick1 your   
servant2 glad to see  you1' he said in  
his hearty sailor-like fashion4    #8,i 
am glad to see you1 ,captain1' responded
 the ,baronet as he proffered  his hand4
 #8,how's the gout this morning8'       
#8,so1 so4 ,might be better--might be   
worse4--,you here1 ,miss ,saucebox6' he 
added1 turning to ,elsie4 #8,why are you
 not at your lessons--eh1 now8'    #8,as
 if anybody could learn ,latin roots on 
a sunny morning like this6'  ,then1     
clasping one of his arms with both her  
hands1 and looking up  coaxingly into   
his face1 she said3 #8,you might give me
 a holiday1 nunky  dear4'    #8,why1    
why8 ,a holiday indeed6--,listen to her1
 ,sir ,frederick4 ,the baggage  is      

always begging for holidays4'    #8,but 
the baggage doesn't always get them1'   
was the answer with a pretty  pout4     
,then1 after another glance at the      
long-haired stranger1 who was  already  
busy with the piano1 she said to        
herself3 #8,it is he2 ,i am sure  of it4
 ,and yet if ,i had not heard his voice1
 ,i should not have known  him4'        
,captain ,bowood at this time had left  
his sixtieth birthday behind him1  but  
he carried his years lightly4 ,he was a 
bluff1 hearty-looking1  loud-voiced man1
 with a very red face1 and very white   
hair and  whiskers4 ,a fever1 several   
years previously1 had radically impaired
  his eyesight1 since which time he had 
taken to wearing gold-rimmed            
spectacles4 ,he had a choleric temper2  
but his bursts of petulance  were like  
those summer storms which are over      
almost as soon as they  have broken1 and
 leave not a cloud behind4 ,throughout  
the ,american  ,civil ,war1 ,captain    
,bowood had been known as one of the    

most daring and  successful             
blockade-runners1 and it was during     
those days of danger and  excitement    
that he laid the foundation of the      
fortune on which he had  since retired4 
,no man was more completely ruled by his
 wife than the  choleric but            
generous-hearted ,captain1 and no man   
suspected the fact  less than he did4   
#8,i drove over this morning1' said ,sir
 ,frederick1 #8to see you about that    
bay mare which ,i hear you are desirous 
of getting rid of4'    #8,yes1 yes--just
 so4 ,we'll go to the stable and have a 
look at her4  ,by-the-bye1 ,i was       
talking to ,boyd just now1 when your    
name cropped up4  ,it seems he met you  
when you were both in ,south ,america4  
,oscar ,boyd1  engineering fellow and   
all that4 ,you remember him1 eh1 now8'  
#8,i certainly do remember a ,mr ,boyd2 
but it is many years since we met4'     
,then to himself the ,baronet said3     
#8,can this be the other man8 ,oh6 ,lady
  ,dimsdale4'    #8,a very agreeable    

fellow1' said the ,captain4 #8,here on a
 visit for a  couple of days4 ,a little 
matter of business between him and me to
 save  lawyers' expenses4'    #8,the    
other man1 without a doubt1' thought the
 ,baronet4 #8,his wife must  be dead4'  
,miss ,brandon had slipped unobserved   
out of the room4 ,she was now  sitting  
in the veranda1 making-believe to be    
intent over her ,latin  verbs1 but in   
reality waiting impatiently till the    
coast should be  clear4 ,she had not    
long to wait4 ,presently she heard the  
,captain say in  his cheery loud-voiced 
way3 #8,come along1 ,sir ,frederick2 we 
shall just  have time to look at the    
mare before luncheon2' and a minute     
later1 she  heard the shutting of a     
door4    ,then she shut her book1 rose  
from her seat1 and crossing on tiptoe   
to the open ,french-window1 she peeped  
into the room4 #8,is that you1          
,charley8' she asked in a voice that was
 little above a whisper4    #8,whom else
 should it be8' answered the young man1 

looking round from  the piano with a    
smile4    #8,i was nearly sure of it    
from the first2 but then you look such a
 guy6'    #8,she calls me a guy6 after  
all the trouble ,i have taken to get    
myself  up like a foreign nobleman4'    
,speaking thus1 he took off his         
spectacles  and wig1 and stood revealed1
 as pleasant-looking a young fellow as  
one  would see in a day's march4        
,elsie ran forward with a little cry of 
surprise and delight4 #8,now ,i  know   
you for my own6' she exclaimed2 and when
 he took her in his arms  and kissed    
her--more than once--she offered not the
 slightest resistance4  #8,but what a   
dreadful risk to run6' she went on as   
soon as she was set  at liberty4        
#8,suppose your uncle--good gracious6'  
#8,my uncle8 ,he can't eat me1 that's   
certain2 and he has already cut me  off 
with the proverbial shilling4'    #8,my 
poor boy6 ,fate is very1 very hard upon 
you4 ,we are both down  on our luck1    
,charley2 but we can die together1 can't

 we8' ,as she  propounded this question1
 she held out her box of bon-bons4      
,charley  took one1 she took another1   
and then the box was put away4 #8,a pan 
of  charcoal'--she went on1 giving her  
sweetmeat a gustatory turn over with    
her tongue--#8door and windows close    
shut--you go to sleep and forget to     
wake up4 ,what could be simpler8'       
#8,hardly anything4 ,but we have not    
quite come to that yet4 ,of course1     
that dreadful ,vice-chancellor won't let
 me marry you for some time to  come2   
but he can't help himself when you are  
one-and-twenty4'    #8,that won't be for
 nearly four years1' answered ,elsie    
with a pout4  #8,what a long1 long time 
to look forward to6'    #8,we have only 
to be true to each other1 which ,i am   
sure we shall be1  and it will pass away
 far more quickly than you imagine4 ,by 
that time1  ,i hope to be earning enough
 money to find you a comfortable home4' 
#8,there's my money1 you know1 ,charley 
dear4'    #8,i don't mean to have       

anything to do with that4 ,if ,i can't  
earn enough  to keep my wife1 ,i'll     
never marry4'    #8,oh6'    #8,but ,i   
shall do that1 dear4 ,why1 ,i'm getting 
five guineas a week  already2 and if    
,i'm not getting three times as much as 
that by the time  you are twenty-one1   
,i'll swallow my wig4'    #8,your uncle 
will never forgive you for going on the 
stage4'    #8,o yes1 he will1 by-and-by1
 when he sees that ,i am making a fair  
living  by it and really mean to stick  
to it--having sown all my wild-oats2 and
  above all1 when he finds how well they
 speak of me in his favourite           
newspaper4 ,and that reminds me that it 
was what the ,telephone said  about me  
that caused old ,brooker our manager to 
raise my screw from  four guineas a week
 to five4 ,i cut the notice out of the  
paper1 you  may be sure4 ,here it is4'  
,speaking thus1 ,master ,charles        
produced  his pocket-book2 and drew from
 it a printed slip of paper1 which he   
proceeded to read aloud3 #88,although we

 have had occasion more than  once to   
commend the acting of ,mr               
,warden0--that's me--8we were certainly 
surprised last evening by his very      
masterly rendering of the part  of      
,captain ,cleveland4 ,his byplay was    
remarkably clever2 and his  impassioned 
love-making in the third act1 where     
timidity or hesitation  would have been 
fatal to the piece1 brought down the    
house1 and earned  him two well-merited 
recalls4 ,we certainly consider that    
there is no  more promising jeune       
premier than ,mr ,warden now on the     
stage40 ,there1  my pet1 what do you    
think of that8' asked the young actor as
 he put  back the slip of paper into his
 pocket-book4    ,but his pet vouchsafed
 no answer4 ,her face was turned from   
him2 a tear  fell from her eye4 ,his    
arms were round her in a moment4 #8,my  
darling  child1 what can be the matter8'
 he asked4    #8,i--,i wish you had     
never gone on the stage1' said ,elsie1  
with a sob in  her voice4 #8,i--,i wish 

you were still a tea-broker6'    #8,good
 gracious6 what makes you wish anything 
so absurd8'    #8,it's not absurd4      
,doesn't the newspaper speak of your    
8impassioned  love-making80 ,and then   
people--lovers1 ,i mean--are always     
kissing each  other on the stage4'      
#8,just as they do sometimes in real    
life2' and with that he suited the      
action to the word4    #8,don't1 ,mr    
,summers1 please4' ,and she pushed him  
away1 and her eyes  flashed through her 
tears1 and she looked very pretty4      
,mr ,summers sat down on a chair and was
 unfeeling enough to laugh4 #8,why1     
what a little goose you are6' he said4  
#8,i don't see it at all4' ,this with a 
toss of her head4 ,certainly1 it is  not
 pleasant to be called a goose4         
#8,you must know1 if you come to think  
of it1 that both love-making and        
kissing on the stage are only so much   
make-believe1 however real they  may    
seem to the audience4 ,during the last  
six months1 it has been  my fate to have

 to make love to about a dozen different
 ladies2 and  during the next six months
 ,i shall probably have to do the same  
thing  to as many more2 but to imagine  
on that account that ,i really care  for
 any of them1 or that they really care  
for me1 would be as absurd  as to       
suppose that because in the piece we    
shall play to-morrow night  ,i shall    
hunt ,tom ,bowles--who is the villain of
 the drama--through three  long acts1   
and kill him in the fourth1 he and ,i   
must necessarily hate  each other4 ,the 
fact is that ,tom and ,i are the best of
 friends1 and  generally contrive to    
lodge together when on our travels4'    
,elsie was half convinced that she had  
made a goose of herself1 but of  course 
was not prepared to admit it4 #8,i see  
that ,miss ,wylie is acting  in your    
company1' she said4 #8,i saw her in     
,london about a year ago2 she  is very1 
very pretty4'    #8,miss ,wylie is a    
very charming woman4'    #8,and you make
 love to her8'    #8,every night of my  

life--for a little while4'    ,elsie    
felt her unreasonable mood coming back4 
#8,then why don't you marry  her8' she  
asked with a ring of bitterness in her  
voice4    ,again that callous-hearted   
young man laughed4 #8,considering that  
she is  married already1 and the happy  
mother of two children1 ,i can hardly   
see  the feasibility of your            
suggestion4'    #8,then why does she    
call herself 8,miss ,wylie80'    #8,it's
 a way they have in the profession4 ,she
 goes by her maiden name4  ,in reality1 
she is ,mrs ,berrington4 ,her husband   
travels with her4 ,he  plays 8heavy     
fathers40'    ,miss ,brandon looked     
mystified4 ,her lover saw it4    #8,you 
see this suit of clothes1' he said1     
#8and this wig and these  spectacles4   
,they are part of the 8make-up0 of a    
certain character ,i  played last week4 
,i was the ,count von ,rosenthal1 in    
love with the  beautiful daughter of a  
poor music-master4 ,in order to be able 
to make  love to her1 and win her for   

myself1 and not for my title and riches1
  ,i go in the guise of a student1 and  
take lodgings in the same house  where  
she and her father are living4 ,after   
many mishaps1 all ends as  it ought to  
do4 ,charlotte and ,i fall into each    
other's arms1 and her  father blesses us
 both with tears in his eyes4 ,miss     
,wylie played the  ,professor's         
daughter1 and her husband played the    
father's part1 and  very well he did it 
too4'    #8,her husband allowed you to  
make love to his wife8' said ,miss      
,brandon1  with wide-open eyes4    #8,of
 course he did2 and he was not so       
foolish as to be jealous1 like  some    
people4 ,why should he be8'    ,elsie   
was fully convinced by this time that   
she had made a goose of  herself4 #8,you
 may kiss me1 ,charley1' she said with  
much sweetness4  #8,dear boy1 ,i forgive
 you4'    ,suddenly the sound of a      
footstep caused them to start and fly   
asunder4  ,there1 close to the open     
,french-window1 stood ,captain ,bowood1 

glaring  from one to the other of them4 
,miss ,brandon gave vent to a little    
shriek and fled from the room4 ,the     
,captain came forward1 a fine frenzy  in
 his eye4 #8,who the deuce may you be1  
sir8' he spluttered1 although he  had   
recognised ,charley at the first glance4
    #8,i have the honour to be your very
 affectionate and obedient nephew1      
sir4'    ,the ,captain's reply to this  
was an inarticulate growl4 ,next moment1
  his eye fell on the discarded wig4    
#8,and what the dickens may this be1    
sir8' he asked as he lifted up the      
article in question on the end of  his  
cane4    #8,a trifle of property1 sir1  
belonging to your affectionate and      
obedient  nephew2' and with that he took
 the wig off the end of the cane and    
crammed it into his pocket4    #8,so1   
so4 ,this is the way1 you young         
jackanapes1 that you set my  commands at
 defiance1 and steal into my house after
 being forbidden  ever to set foot in it
 again6 ,you young snake-in-the-grass6  

,you  crocodile6 ,it would serve you    
right to give you in charge to the      
police4 ,how do ,i know that you are not
 after my spoons and forks8 ,come  now4'
    #8,i am glad to find1 sir1 that your
 powers of vituperation are in no  way  
impaired since ,i had the pleasure of   
seeing you last4 ,time cannot  wither   
them4--,hem6 ,i believe1 sir1 that you  
have had the honour of  twice paying my 
debts1 amounting in the aggregate to the
 trifling sum  of five hundred pounds4  
,in this paper1 sir1 you will find      
twenty-five  sovereigns1 being my first 
dividend of one shilling in the pound4  
,a  further dividend will be paid at the
 earliest possible date4' ,as ,mr       
,summers spoke thus1 he drew from his   
waistcoat pocket a small sealed  packet 
and placed the same quietly on the      
table4    ,the irate ,captain glanced at
 the packet and then at his             
imperturbable  nephew4 ,the cane        
trembled in his fingers2 for a moment or
 two he  could not command his voice4   

#8,what1 what6' he cried at last4 #8,the
 boy  will drive me crazy4 ,what does he
 mean with his confounded rigmarole8    
,dividend6 ,shilling in the pound6      
,bother me1 if ,i can make head or tail 
of his foolery6'    #8,and yet1 sir1    
both my words and my meaning were clear 
enough1 as no  doubt you will find when 
you come to think them over in your     
calmer  moments4--,and now ,i have the  
honour to wish you a very good-morning2 
and ,i hope to afford you the pleasure  
of seeing me again before long4'        
,speaking thus1 ,charles ,summers made  
his uncle a very low bow1 took up  his  
hat1 and walked out of the room4        
#8,there's insolence6 ,there's          
audacity6' burst out the ,captain as    
soon as  he found himself alone4 #8,the 
pleasure of seeing him again--eh8 ,only 
let  me find him here without my        
leave--,i'll--,i'll---- ,i don't know   
what ,i won't  do6--,and now ,i come to 
think of it1 it looks very much as if he
 and ,miss  ,saucebox were making love  

to each other4 ,how dare they8 ,i'll    
haul 'em  both up before the            
,vice-chancellor4' ,here his eye fell on
 the packet on  the table4 ,he took it  
up and examined it4 #8,twenty-five      
sovereigns1 did  he say8 ,as if ,i was  
going to take the young idiot's money6  
,i'll keep  it for the present1 and send
 it back to him by-and-by4 ,must teach  
him  a lesson4 ,do him all the good in  
the world4 ,false hair and spectacles1  
eh8 ,deceived his old uncle finely4     
,just the sort of trick ,i should  have 
delighted in when ,i was a boy4 ,but    
,master ,charley will be clever  if he  
catches the old fox asleep a second     
time4' ,he had reached the              
,french-window on his way out1 when he  
came to a sudden stand1 and gave  vent  
to a low whistle4 #8,ha1 ha6 ,lady      
,dimsdale and ,mr ,boyd1 and mighty     
taken up with each other they seem4     
,well1 well4 ,i'm no spoil-sport4  ,i'll
 not let them know ,i've seen them4     
,looks uncommonly as if ,dan ,cupid  had

 got them by the ears4 ,a widow too6    
,all widows ought to be labelled        
8,dangerous40' ,smiling and chuckling to
 himself1 the ,captain drew back1       
crossed the room1 and went out by the   
opposite door4          ,,the           
,,colour-,,sense4      ,the phenomenon  
of ,colour is one with which all who are
 not blind must  of necessity be        
familiar4 ,so accustomed1 indeed1 have  
we been to it  throughout all our lives1
 that most of us are inclined to take it
 for  granted1 and probably trouble     
ourselves very seldom as to its true    
cause4 ,a brief discussion1 therefore1  
of the nature of the ,colour-sense  may1
 we trust1 prove not uninteresting to   
our readers4    ,what1 then1 is colour8 
,it is obvious that it may be considered
 in two  ways2 we may either discuss the
 impression it makes on the mind1 or the
  real external causes to which it is   
due4 ,viewed in the first light1  colour
 is as much a sensation as is that of   
being struck or burnt4  ,viewed from the

 latter stand-point1 it is merely a     
property of light2  hence1 in order     
correctly to understand its nature1 we  
must first  briefly examine the nature  
of this phenomenon4    ,according to    
modern scientific men1 light is not a   
material substance1  but consists of a  
kind of motion or vibration communicated
 by the  luminous body to the           
surrounding medium1 and travelling      
throughout  space with an enormous      
velocity4 ,the medium1 however1 through 
which  light-waves travel is not air1   
nor any of the ordinary forms of matter4
  ,of its real nature nothing is known1 
and its very existence is only  assumed 
in order to account for the observed    
phenomena4 ,it must be very  subtle and 
very elastic2 but it is a curious fact  
that the nature of  the vibrations in   
question would seem to preclude the     
supposition that  it is a fluid1 these  
being rather such as would be met with  
in the case  of a solid4 ,to this       
medium1 whatever its true nature may be1

 the name  of ether is given4    ,the   
sensation1 then1 which we know by the   
name of ,light is to be  regarded as the
 effect on the retina of the eye of     
certain very rapid  vibrations in the   
ether of the universe4 ,all these waves 
travel  with the same swiftness2 but    
they are not all of the same length1    
nor of the same frequency2 and          
investigation has shown that it is to   
this difference of wave-length that     
difference of colour is due4 ,in  other 
words1 the impression to which we give  
the name of a certain  colour is due to 
the effect on the retina of vibrations  
of a certain  frequency4 ,this          
conclusion is arrived at by a very      
simple experiment1  in which advantage  
is taken of the following principle4 ,so
 long as a  ray of light is passing     
through the same medium1 it travels in  
one  straight line2 but in passing      
obliquely from one medium into another  
of  different density1 its path is bent 
through a certain angle1 just as  a     

column of soldiers has a tendency to    
change its direction of march  when     
obliquely entering a wood or other      
difficult ground4 ,now1 this  angle is  
naturally greatest in the case of the   
shortest waves1 so that  when a ray of  
light is thus bent out of its           
course--or1 as it is called1            
#8refracted'--the various sets of       
vibrations of which it is composed all  
travel in different directions1 and may 
be separately examined4 ,in fact  the   
ray of light is analysed1 or broken up  
into its component parts4  ,the most    
convenient apparatus to employ for this 
purpose is a prism  of glass4 ,it is    
found1 as is well known1 that if a beam 
of ordinary  sun-light be allowed to    
pass through the prism and be then      
received on  a screen1 it is resolved   
into a band of colours succeeding one   
another  in the order of those of the   
rainbow4 ,such a band of colours is     
called  a #8spectrum4'    ,now1 of the  
visible portion of the spectrum the red 

rays are those  which undergo the least 
refraction1 while the violet rays are   
bent  through the greatest angle1 the   
other colours in their natural order    
being intermediate4 ,from what has been 
said above1 it is evident that1  this   
being the case1 the portion of the light
 consisting of waves of  greatest length
 and least frequency is that which      
produces on the eye  the sensation of   
red1 and that each of the other colours 
is caused  by vibrations of a certain   
definite length4 ,we are speaking now of
  the visible part of the spectrum4 ,as 
a matter of fact1 the waves of  least   
and greatest frequency make no          
impression on the eye at all2  but the  
former have the greatest heating power1 
while the latter are  those which       
chiefly produce chemical effects such as
 are utilised in  photography4          
,having now arrived at the nature of    
colour1 we are in a position to  apply  
these facts to the discussion of        
coloured substances4    ,when light     

falls on a body1 a portion of it is     
turned back or1 as it  is called1       
#8reflected' from the surface2 another  
part is taken up or  #8absorbed' by the 
substance2 while1 in the case of a      
transparent body1  a third portion      
passes on through it1 and is said to be 
#8transmitted4'  ,most bodies absorb the
 different parts of the light in        
different  proportions1 and hence their 
various colours are produced4 ,the      
colour  of a transparent substance is   
that of the light which it transmits2   
while an opaque body is said to be of   
the colour of the light which it        
reflects1 or rather of that part of it  
which is irregularly scattered4         
,there are three colours in the solar   
spectrum which are called  #8primary1'  
owing to the fact that they cannot be   
produced by mixtures4  ,these are red1  
violet1 and deep olive green4 ,the      
generally-received  idea that red1 blue1
 and yellow are primary colours1 is by  
recent  scientific authorities not      

regarded as tenable2 it arose from      
observations on mixtures of pigments    
rather than of coloured light4 ,for     
instance1 objects seen through two      
plates of glass1 one of which is  blue  
and the other yellow1 appear green2 but 
this by no means justifies  us in saying
 that a mixture of blue and yellow light
 is green4 ,for  remembering that the   
two glasses do not appear coloured by   
reason of  their adding anything to the 
light1 but rather through their stopping
  the passage of certain rays1 we shall 
see that the green light which  is      
finally transmitted is not a mixture of 
yellow and blue at all1 but  is rather  
that portion of the light which both of 
the glasses allow to  pass4 ,the blue   
glass will probably stop all rays except
 blue1 violet1  and green2 the yellow   
glass1 all but green1 yellow1 and       
orange4 ,the  only light1 therefore1    
which can pass through both glasses is  
green4  ,the same remark applies to     
mixtures of pigments1 each particle     

being  really transparent1 though the   
whole bulk appears opaque4 ,it is easy1 
however1 to obtain real mixtures of     
coloured lights by employing  suitable  
arrangements1 of which one of the       
simplest consists of a disc  painted    
with alternate bands of colours and     
rapidly rotated4 ,by such  means it is  
found that a mixture of blue and yellow 
is not green1 but  white or gray1 and   
that yellow can itself be produced by a 
mixture of  red and green in proper     
proportions4 ,the late ,professor ,clerk
 ,maxwell  made an interesting series of
 experiments on colour mixtures by means
  of an apparatus known as ,maxwell's   
,colour-box1 by which any number of     
colours could be combined in any        
required proportions4    ,it would1     
however1 be beyond the scope of the     
present paper to discuss  the many      
important results which followed from   
his investigations4  ,helmholtz believed
 the three primary colour sensations to 
be due to  the action of three sets of  

nerves at the back of the retina1 each  
of which is excited only by vibrations  
within a certain range of  frequency2   
and this theory is now generally held4  
,in the case of some  persons1 the      
sensation corresponding to red is wholly
 absent1 and the  spectrum appears to   
consist of two colours with white or    
gray between4  ,the nature of these     
colours is1 for obvious reasons1        
difficult to  determine2 but one        
doubtless nearly corresponds to our     
sensation of  blue1 while the other is a
 deep colour1 probably dark green4      
,persons  thus affected are usually     
called #8colour-blind2' but this epithet
 is  a misnomer1 and the term #8dichroic
 vision' has been suggested for the     
phenomenon instead4    ,we have already 
remarked that our range of vision is    
comparatively  narrow1 the extreme      
portions of the spectrum making no      
impression on  the retina4 ,but we have 
no reason to think that these limits    
have been  the same in all ages4 ,the   

evidence would rather tend to show that 
the  human eye is undergoing a slow and 
gradual development1 which enables  it  
to distinguish between colours which the
 ancients regarded as  identical1 and   
may in future render it able to perceive
 some portions  at least of the parts of
 the spectrum which are now invisible4  
,the  ,vedas of ,india1 which are among 
the most ancient writings known1  attest
 that in the most remote ages only white
 and black could be  distinguished4     
,it would seem as if the perception of  
different degrees of intensity  of light
 preceded by a long time the            
appreciation of various kinds of        
colours4 ,after weighing the evidence1  
,magnus has come to the conclusion  that
 red was the first colour to become     
visible1 then yellow and  orange2 and   
afterwards1 though at a considerable    
interval1 green1 blue1  and violet in   
order4 ,various passages in the ,old    
,testament have been  cited as proof    
that the ancients failed to perceive all

 the colours  seen by us1 one of the    
most remarkable being in ,ezekiel i4 #bg
 and #bh1  where the prophet compares   
the appearance of the brightness round  
about the fire to that of the #8bow that
 is in the cloud in the day of          
rain'--which passage has been cited by  
,mr ,gladstone in his article in  the   
,nineteenth ,century for ,october #ahgg1
 as indicating a want of  appreciation  
of distinct colours among the ancients4 
,this is not quite  clear1 however1 as  
the appearance round about the          
supernatural fire  might have assumed   
auroral or rainbow tints4 ,but the most 
important  evidence on the apparent want
 of capacity among the ancients to      
discriminate between colours is that    
afforded by the writings of  ,homer1    
who1 in the opinion of ,magnus1 could   
neither have perceived  green nor blue4 
,the point has been carefully examined  
by ,mr ,gladstone1  who comes to the    
conclusion that this estimate is quite  
within the  mark4 ,inquiring in detail  

into each of ,homer's colour-epithets1  
he  shows that almost all must be in    
reality regarded as expressing degrees  
of intensity rather than of quality1 and
 that the few exceptions  are all       
confined to red and yellow4 ,the        
brilliant blue sky of the  southern     
climes where ,homer lived must have     
appeared to him as of a  neutral gray   
hue4 ,of course1 the suggestion that the
 writings usually  assigned to ,homer   
were in reality the productions of many 
authors1  does not invalidate the       
reasoning at all1 as we do not attribute
 any  defect in vision to the poet which
 was not equally manifested by his      
contemporaries4    ,it is curious that  
the distinction between green and blue  
is not yet  perfectly developed in all  
nations4 ,travellers tell us that the   
,burmese  often confuse these colours in
 a remarkable manner4 ,this and other   
facts suggest that the development of   
the colour-sense is not yet  completed2 
and that in the future our range of     

perception may be still  further        
enlarged1 so that the now invisible rays
 may be recognised by  the eye as       
distinct colours4          #8,,so       
,,unreasonable ,,of ,,step-,,mother6'   
,a ,,sketch ,,from ,,life4      ,not    
long before the death of ,george ,eliot1
 on a return trip to ,london  by the    
,midland route1 ,i broke my journey at  
,leicester1 to pay a flying  visit to   
,coventry1 where the great writer had   
spent many of her  happiest days4 ,there
 ,i was privileged by having for escort 
one of her  most valued friends2 and    
many interesting reminiscences were for 
our  benefit called to mind1 especially 
of a visit paid to ,edinburgh1 #8mine   
own romantic town1' and of the          
impression the beauty of its situation  
had made on her mind4 ,next morning1    
every favourite haunt of hers was       
searched out and commented on1 as well  
as the interesting points of the  quaint
 old city of ,coventry2 and bidding     
good-bye to our hospitable  friends1 ,i 

departed alone by the evening mail for  
,leicester1 there to  wait for the      
midnight train to ,edinburgh1 feeling   
satisfied that the  hours had been well 
spent4 ,arrived in ,leicester1 ,i was   
fortunate in  finding a                 
fellow-countryman in one of the porters1
 who at once took  me and my belongings 
under his especial protection1 and when 
he had  seen me comfortably #8happit up'
 on one of the sofas of the luxurious   
waiting-room1 he retired1 bidding me    
take a quiet forty winks1 and keep  my  
mind quite easy1 for he would give me   
timely notice of the arrival  of the    
,scotch train4 ,scarcely had ,i begun to
 feel the loneliness of my  situation1  
when the door opened1 and a female      
figure entered1 rather  unwilling1      
apparently2 nay1 seemed to be pushed in1
 while a deep male  voice advised that  
she should rest by the fire1 and not put
 herself  about so4 ,by a succession of 
jerks1 she advanced to the chair by the 
fire opposite to my sofa2 and finding   

that ,i was not asleep1 as  she had     
supposed1 at once1 and without any      
circumlocution1 began to  unburden her  
mind1 her words flowing from her mouth  
at express speed1  regardless of comma  
or full stop4    #8,not put myself      
about6 ,humph6 ,that's so like          
men4--,ain't it now1 miss8  ,ah1 ,i     
dessay you've 'ad your own share of     
worriting before now1 and  know 'ow     
downright masterful and provoking they  
can be at times4 ,i tell  you w'at1     
miss1 if you want to be at peace at all1
 you've got to  say black is w'ite1 if  
they 'ave a mind that it should be      
so4--,not put  myself about6 ,i'd like  
to know 'ow one with a 'eart and a soul 
in their  body could 'elp being put     
about1 as ,i am4'    ,i ventured to hope
 nothing serious had occurred to disturb
 her  composure or to put her about1 my 
voice at once disclosing that ,i  hailed
 from the ,north1 and also that ,i was  
of a sympathetic nature4    #8,put      
about6' she once more exclaimed4 #8,why1

 ,i am put about2 yes--no  use trying to
 appear as if ,i was anything else4     
,yes2 only think1 miss6  ,not 'alf an   
hour gone1 a telegram was brought to our
 'ouse by the  telegraph-boy4 ,his      
mother1 a widow1 keeps a little bit of a
 shop not  many doors from our own4     
,yes2 he 'ands it in saying it was for  
father4  ,i opened it2 and there1       
staring me right in the eyes were them  
words3  8,step-mother is lying          
a-dying40--,not put about6 ,i'd just    
like to  know 'ow anybody could 'ave    
been anything else than put about1 after
  that4 ,now1 miss1 you must understand 
that ,john--that's my 'usband--is  a    
great go-to-meeting-man4 ,why1 at that  
very moment he might be at  the church  
meeting1 or he might 'ave been at the   
,building meeting1 or  he might 'ave    
been at a ,masonic meeting1 or he might 
'ave been at any  other meeting under   
the sun4 ,and w'atever was ,i to do8 for
 there was  the telegraph-boy2 there was
 the telegram1 with the words as plain  

as  plain3 8,step-mother is lying       
a-dying40 ,i put on my bonnet and shawl2
  ,i 'urried to father's office--he is a
 master-builder1 is father1 with        
sixteen men under him and three         
apprentices2 and ,john1 my son1 for     
partner4 ,i rushed in quite out of      
breath1 not expecting to find any one   
there at that time of night2 but there  
,i found ,john--that's my son--and  says
 ,i1 without taking time to sit down1   
though ,i was like to drop3  8,john1    
w'atever is to be done6 ,here's a       
telegraph-boy has brought a  telegram   
for father to say1 #8step-mother is     
a-dying4'0    #8,now1 miss1 ,i just put 
it to you1 if them telegrams1 coming so 
sudden  at hours w'en no one expects    
postmen's knocks1 and bringing such news
  as that1 ain't enough to put any one  
about6 ,augh6 ,men are so queer2        
there's no nerves in their bodies1 and  
can't understand us women4 ,i've  no    
patience with them4 ,there was          
,john--that's my son--w'at did he do8   

,why1 look at me quite composed1 as if  
it weren't no news at all1 and  says he3
 8,don't put yourself about1 mother4    
,father has gone off not  many minutes  
ago to the paddock1 to give little      
,bobbie a ride40 ,and  with that he     
takes down a time-table1 to look at it  
for the last train1  puts on his hat1   
calls for a cab1 and says quite         
composed3 8,jump in1  mother4 ,we'll go 
in pursuit of father1 and then we'll    
catch the train  quite easily40 ,it     
seemed to me the horse just crept up the
 'ill like  a snail2 only ,john would   
'ave it they were going faster than     
their  usual pace4 ,w'en we came to our 
door1 w'at do you think we saw1 now1    
miss8--,no2 you'll never guess1 ,i      
dessay4 ,why1 father1 to be sure6 ,yes2 
there he was2 and there was the pony2   
and there was little ,bobbie--all  three
 of 'em just about to start for a long  
ride into the country4 ,i  'ad carried  
the telegram in my pocket2 and do you   
know1 miss1 after  all my flurry and    

worry1 w'at did ,john--that's my        
'usband--say1 think  you8--,augh6 ,men  
are so unreasonable1 and w'at's more1   
such cool and  'eartless pieces4 ,yes2  
that's w'at they are2 and ,i don't care 
who  hears me a-saying it4              
#8,john--that's father--after he had    
read the telegram1 he turns to me1  and 
says he3 8,why1 mother1 'ave your senses
 left your 'ead altogether8  ,w'atever  
made you carry off the telegram6        
,couldn't you 'ave stayed  quietly at   
'ome1 instead of putting yourself about 
in this here  fashion8 ,if you 'ad1 we'd
 'ave been at the station without any   
hurry at  all1 by this time40    #8,i   
felt too angry to speak1 ,i do declare1 
miss4 ,i think the older  men grow1 the 
more aggravating they get to a sensitive
 nature4 ,so ,i  gathered the things    
together father said we'd better take   
with us1  into my travelling-basket1    
without as much as a single word--a     
stranger  coming in would 'ave thought  
me dumb--while father sent a man back to

  the paddock with little ,bobbie and   
the pony4 ,we then got into the cab     
once more2 and here we are1 with        
,john--that's my son--a-looking after   
the  tickets and the luggage2 and father
 smoking his pipe outside as cool  as   
cool4 ,o dear1 if they wouldn't put me  
out with their 8,keep cool1  mother2 no 
need to fluster and flurry so1          
mother0--8,take it easy1 good  ooman2   
don't put yourself about0--,i'd bear it 
better1 ,i certainly should4    #8,is   
step-mother nice8 you ask4              
,oh--well--that's just as you take it4  
,some  people say she's nice2 some say  
she's quite the opposite4 ,but'--and    
here she drew her chair closer to me1   
and in a more confidential  tone1       
continued3 #8,i tell you w'at1          
miss--,i've said it before1 and  ,i say 
it again--step-mother1 in spite of her  
religious pro-fession  and san'timonious
 ways1 is cantankerous4 ,no use a-trying
 to hide  it--step-mother is just w'at  
,i say1 can-tankerous4 ,i've said it    

before2 ,i say it again--she'd show her 
cantankerousness to the very  last4 ,and
 han't my words come true1 for here she 
is lying a-dying1 and  ,mary-,anne's    
wedding fixed for ,friday of this very  
week6--,o my--now that  ,i come to 'ave 
a quiet moment to think1 w'atever am ,i 
to do8 ,it's so  unreasonable of        
step-mother6 ,why1 the dressmaker was   
coming this very  evening to fit my     
dress on for the second time--a new     
black silk it  is--and w'atever will she
 think1 w'en she finds ,i've gone off   
without  as much as a good-bye message8 
,you see1 miss1 ,mary-,anne is going to 
marry into quite a genteel family4      
,father1 and ,john--that's my son--he   
comes to me not many weeks gone1 and    
says he3 8,mother1 ,i 'ope you are      
going to 'ave a nice dress for this     
wedding4 ,i 'ope it will be a silk  or a
 satin you decide to buy40 ,and says ,i3
 8,john1 you know w'at father  is1 and  
'as been all his life--a just man to    
all2 but a man who looks  upon gay      

clothes as not necessary4 ,and then1    
,john1 you know as well  as ,i do that  
father is rather close-fisted w'en money
 has to be paid  out--like his own      
father before him1 who was looked upon  
by all as the  most parsimonious man in 
the town4 ,i don't say father is quite  
as bad2  but close-fisted ,i do say he  
is1 ,john2 and you know it4 ,were ,i to 
say3 #8,father1 ,i'd like to 'ave a silk
 dress for this wedding'--and ,i  don't 
hide the fact from you1 ,john1 that ,i  
certainly should--he'd just  laugh4 ,i  
know it beforehand4 ,he'd say3 #8,why1  
mother1 'aven't you been  content with a
 good stuff-dress all our married life1 
and can't you go  on to the end so8     
,i've over and over again said my wife  
looked as well  as most women in the    
town of ,leicester4'0    #88,but10 says 
,john--that's my son--8mother1 you owe  
your duty certainly  to father4 ,i'm not
 going against it2 but w'at ,i says is3 
,you owe your  duty to your son also2   
and w'en ,i wish my mother to look      

better than  she's ever done before1    
why--to oblige me--you'll go and        
purchase the  best silk-dress in town1  
'ave it made fashionable1 with frills   
and all  the fal-de-rals and etceteras2 
send in the account in my name2 and if  
father makes any objections1 why1 let   
him settle the matter with me40         
#8,you see1 miss1 ,john is getting to be
 so like father--both firm1 very2  and  
if they take a notion of any kind       
w'atever into their 'eads1 you'd  move  
this station as soon as move them from  
their purpose2 so the dress  'as been   
bought2 and w'at father will say to     
it--for it's to be made in  the height  
of the fashion--,i can't say4'    ,a few
 judicious questions about the          
step-mother who was lying a-dying1  drew
 from my companion that the said old    
lady was rich as well as  cantankerous2 
and that1 as there were other relations 
who might step in  to the injury of the 
worthy builder1 who was her only        
stepson1 it was1  to say the least1 but 

prudent to be on the spot4    #8,ah1    
yes1 miss1' she exclaimed1 stretching   
her hands out to keep the  heat of the  
fire from her face1 #8this is a very    
strange world4 ,only  on ,sunday1 the   
vicar was preaching to us against       
worldly-mindedness1  telling us that as 
we came naked into the world1 so we left
 it1  carrying nothing away4 ,but1 miss1
 step-mother ain't like the most of     
people2 and she's going to manage to    
take with her as much money as she      
possibly can4--,how is she going to do  
it8 ,why1 miss--she's going to 'ave  a  
coffin6--,no need to look surprised1    
miss4 ,o yes2 we all bury our dead  in  
coffins2 but w'at kind of a coffin is   
step-mother going to 'ave1 do  you      
think8 ,no2 don't try to guess1 for     
you'd be down to ,scotland and up  again
 before it would ever come into your    
'ead4--,no2 not a velvet one1  nor a    
satin2 but a hoak one4--,yes2 ,i thought
 you would get a scare4 ,a  hoak coffin 
is w'at it is to be4 ,and she's going to

 'ave bearers--six  of 'em4 ,each bearer
 is to 'ave 'at-bands and scarfs1 and   
two pounds  apiece4 ,and if all that    
pomp and tomfoolery ain't taking so much
 money  out of the world with her1 ,i   
don't know w'at is4 ,w'en ,john--that's 
father--heard of it1 says he to me3     
8,mother1 if you survives me1 bury me   
plain1 but comf'able20 and says ,i3     
8,father1 if you survives me1 ,i 'ope   
you will do the same by me--plain1 but  
comf'able2 for ,i tell you w'at1        
father1 ,i'd not lie easy underground   
thinking of the waste of good  money    
over such 'umbug40'    ,here the        
waiting-room door opened hurriedly1 and 
the worthy woman  bounded to her feet at
 the one word #8,mother6' pronounced in 
such a  decided tone that ,i too was    
standing beside her before ,i knew what 
,i  was doing1 with all my wraps tossed 
higgledy-piggledy on the floor4         
,advancing with her to the door1 she got
 out of me that my immediate            
destination was ,scotland--a place1 to  

her mind1 evidently as remote as  the   
arctic regions2 and in her astonishment1
 she forgot the necessity  there was to 
hurry to get in to her train1 now ready 
to start again4  ,she even seemed to    
forget that step-mother was lying       
a-dying1 as she  insisted upon          
introducing me to her husband1 whose    
huge body was  wrapped in a greatcoat1  
with tippet after tippet on it up to his
 neck4  #8,only to think1 ,john--this   
lady is going to ,scotland all alone1   
,john6  ,she'll be travelling all       
night4--,o dear1 however are you to do  
it1 miss2  ain't you afraid8--,yes1     
,john2 ,i'm coming4--,good-bye1 miss2   
we've 'ad  quite a pleasant chat1 ,i do 
assure you2 the time seems to 'ave      
flown4'    ,i hurried her along the     
platform1 whispering to her as ,i did   
so3 #8,i  hope step-mother will rally a 
bit2 that if she must pass away1 it may 
be next week1 so that ,mary-,anne may   
get her wedding comfortably over4'  ,at 
the very door of the carriage she       

paused1 seized my hand1 shook it        
warmly1 as she exclaimed3 #8,well1 now1 
you 'ave a feeling 'eart2 but ,i  don't 
expect her to be so accommodating4 ,no2 
,i've said it before1 and ,i  say it    
again--step-mother is--can-ta---- ,why1 
w'atever is the matter8'    ,next thing 
that happened1 the little woman was     
lifted up bodily in her  son's arms--a  
counterpart of his father--and deposited
 in the carriage2  while her husband1 in
 spite of his lumbering large body1     
succeeded  in jumping in just as the    
patience of all the railway officials   
was  exhausted1 and the signal given to 
start the train4 ,before it was  lost to
 view1 a white handkerchief fluttered   
out1 by way of good-bye1  causing a     
smile to rise over the calm features of 
,john the younger1  who1 lifting his hat
 politely to me1 bade me good-evening1  
adding3  #8,mother is no great          
traveller1 so she is easily put about4  
,dessay if  she went often from 'ome1   
she'd learn to be more composed4'       

,from that hour ,i have never ceased to 
regret that ,i did not ask the          
good-natured young builder to forward me
 a local paper with the account  of the 
death and burial of #8step-mother4' ,no 
doubt there would be due  notice taken  
of such an interesting personage1 as she
 lay in state in  her #8hoak' coffin1   
surrounded by her bearers in the flowing
 scarfs and  hat-bands4 ,sharp as my    
friends generally give me credit for    
being1 ,i  own ,i committed a grievous  
blunder2 ,i am therefore obliged to     
leave  my story without an end1 not     
being able even to add that the fair    
,mary-,anne's wedding came off on the   
appointed day1 or was postponed  till   
after the complimentary days of mourning
 were past4 ,i cheer  myself with the   
thought that #8,john--that's            
father'--being a firm man  and a        
sensible1 would insist upon the previous
 arrangements standing  good1 seeing    
that the bridegroom--a most important   
fact ,i have omitted  to record--had a  

fortnight's holiday reluctantly granted 
to him by  his employers4 ,why1 now that
 ,i think of it1 my countryman the      
railway  porter would have sent me any  
number of papers1 judging by the kindly 
interest he took in my behalf1 and the  
determined manner he fought  for a      
particular seat for me in a particular  
carriage when the time  came for my     
train to start4 #8,na1 na1 mem2 nae need
 for thanks2 blood's  thicker than      
water1' he said4 #8,never you fear1 now 
that the ,scotch  guard has ta'en up    
your cause2 you're a' right2 he'll see  
that ye're  safely housed4' ,and safely 
housed ,i was1 and went steaming out of 
the  station with my worthy friend      
hanging on by the door1 calling to me3  
#8,if you're ever in the town o' ,perth1
 mem1 my auld mother would be  downright
 pleased to see you1 for my sake4 ,tell 
her ,i'm getting on as  weel as can be  
expeckit1 sae far frae hame4'    ,all   
night1 my disturbed sleep was made      
doubly so by dreams of old  women of    

every age and style4 ,now ,i was hunting
 for the porter's  nameless mother2 now 
,i was standing by the bedside of the   
step-mother  who was lying a-dying4     
,again ,i was an active assistant at a  
marriage  ceremony1 with the fair       
,mary-,anne1 surrounded by her genteel  
relations1  leaning on my shoulder1     
weeping copiously at the idea of        
travelling to  ,scotland4 ,once more ,i 
stood gazing down on the old            
step-mother2 and  just as the day       
dawned1 ,i was fairly roused1 in my     
determination not to  be smothered under
 an oak coffin and a pyramid of scarfs1 
hat-bands1  and bearers1 by the tumbling
 of my own bonnet-box from the          
luggage-rack  above me4                 
,,french ,,detectives4      #8,the      
,secret ,police' in ,france are not only
 personally unknown to the  general     
public1 but1 save in exceptional cases1 
even to each other4  ,it is known where 
they may be found at a moment's notice  
when wanted2  but1 as a rule1 they do   

not frequent the prefecture more than   
can be  helped4 ,they have nothing      
whatever to do with serving summonses or
  executing warrants4 ,there are among  
them men who have lived in almost  every
 class of life1 and each of them has    
what may be called a special  line of   
business of his own4 ,in the course of  
their duty1 some of them  mix with the  
receivers of stolen goods1 others with  
thieves1 many  with what are called in  
,paris commercial rascals1 and not a few
 with  those whose #8industry' it is to 
melt silver and other property of a     
like valuable nature4 ,forgers1 sharpers
 of all kinds1 housebreakers  and       
horse-stealers--a very numerous class in
 ,paris--have each all their  special   
agents of the police1 who watch them1   
and know where to lay  hands upon them  
when they are wanted4 ,a ,french        
detective who cannot  assume and act up 
to any character1 and who cannot        
disguise himself  in any manner so      
effectually as not to be recognised even

 by those  who know him best1 is not    
considered fit to hold his appointment4 
,their ability in this way is           
marvellous4 ,some years ago1 one of them
  made a bet that he would in the course
 of the next few days address  a        
gentleman with whom he was acquainted   
four times1 for at least ten  minutes   
each time1 and that he should not know  
him on any occasion  until the detective
 had discovered himself4 ,as a matter of
 course1  the gentleman was on his      
guard1 and mistrusted every one who came
  near him4 ,but the man won his bet4   
,it is needless to enter into the       
particulars4 ,suffice it to say that in 
the course of the next four days  he    
presented himself in the character of a 
bootmaker's assistant1 a  fiacre-driver1
 a venerable old gentleman with a great 
interest in the  ,bourse1 and finally as
 a waiter in the hotel in which the     
gentleman was  staying4          #8,,not
 ,,lost1 ,,but ,,gone ,,before4'        
,my little child1 with clustering hair1 

,strewn o'er thy dear1 dead brow1       
,though in the past divinely fair1      
,more lovely art thou now4      ,god    
bade thy gentle soul depart1        ,on 
brightly shimmering wings2      ,yet    
near thy clay1 thy mother's heart       
,all weakly1 fondly clings4        ,my  
beauteous child1 with lids of snow      
,closed o'er thy dim blue eyes1         
,should it not soothe my grief to know  
,they shine beyond the skies8           
,above thy silent cot ,i kneel1         
,with heart all crushed and sore1       
,while through the gloom these sweet    
words steal3        #8,not lost1 but    
gone before4'        ,my darling child1 
these flowers ,i lay        ,on locks   
too fair1 too bright1      ,for the damp
 grave-mist1 cold and gray1        ,to  
dim their sunny light4      ,soft baby  
tresses bathed in tears1        ,your   
gold was all mine own6      ,ah1 weary  
months6 ah1 weary years6        ,that ,i
 must dwell alone4        ,my only      
child1 ,i hold thee still1              

,clasped in my fond embrace6      ,my   
love1 my sweet6 how fixed1 how chill1   
,this smile upon thy face6      ,the    
grave is cold1 my clasp is warm1        
,yet give thee up ,i must2      ,and    
birds will sing when thy loved form     
,lies mouldering in the dust4        ,my
 angel child1 thy tiny feet             
,dance through my broken dreams2        
,ah me1 how joyous1 quaint1 and sweet1  
,their baby pattering seems6      ,i    
hush my breath1 to hear thee speak2     
,i see thy red lips part2      ,but wake
 to feel thy cold1 cold cheek1          
,close to my breaking heart6            
,soon1 soon my burning tears shall fall 
,upon thy coffin lid2      ,nor may     
those tears thy soul recall        ,to  
earth--nay1 ,god forbid6      ,be happy 
in ,his love1 for ,i        ,resigned1  
though wounded sore1      ,can hear ,his
 angels whispering nigh3        #8,not  
lost1 but gone before4'                 
,,fanny ,,forrester4           99       
99       99       99       99           

,printed and ,published by ,w4  ,r4     
,,chambers1 #dg ,paternoster ,row1      
,,london1  and #cci ,high ,street1      
,,edinburgh4           99       99      
99       99       99    ,all ,rights    
,reserved4           99       99        
99       99       99    ,transcriber's  
note3 ,the following changes have been  
made to this text4    ,page #dg3 wa't to
 w'at--8know w'at is40