,,work+ ,,) ,,! ,,h&s ,,o!r ,,books ,,by ,,! ,,same ,,au?or ,,"* ,,build+ ,,up ,,f ,,slav]y ,illu/ration3 ,,mr4 ,,wa%+ton ,,9 ,,8 ,,(fice ,,at ,,tuskegee ,,work+ ,,) ,,! ,,h&s ,,be+ ,a ,,sequel ,,to ,,up ,,f ,,slav]y ,,cov]+ ,,! ,,au?or',s ,,exp]i5ces ,,9 ,,indu/rial ,,tra9+ ,,at ,,tuskegee ,by ,,book] ,t4 ,,wa%+ton ,illu/rat$ f photographs by ,frances ,b5jam9 ,john/on ,illu/ration3 ,logo ,,new ,,york ,,d\bl$ay1 ,,page ,,company #aijd ,copyright1 #aijd1 by ,d\bl$ay1 ,page ,company ,publi%$1 ,may1 #aijd ,,introduction ,,to ,,! ,,special ,,subscription ,,edition ,!re are few subjects t are m important to ! p ( all sections ( ! c\ntry ?an emphasis+ ! value ( lab\r ) ! h&s4 ,x has an especial int]e/ = ! p :o dwell 9 small t[ns & 9 c\ntry di/ricts4 ,x has an int]e/ = ! f>m]1 ! me*anic1 & = ! woman :o is engag$ 9 dome/ic "w1 z well z = ^? ^: occupations are m 9 ! direction ( m5tal "w alone4 ,h[ to dignify all =ms ( h&-lab\r1 & to make x attractive in/ead ( repulsive1 is a "q t vitally conc]ns e family4 ,x is my e>ne/ desire t :at ,i h said 9 ! foll[+ pages may rea* t class ( p 9 our c\ntry1 especially ^? :o are /ruggl+ ) ! h&s to rea* a high] & m useful plane ( life4 ,x is my fur!r wi% t _m y\?s :o may read :at ,i h said may h _! ambition quick5$ & _! c\rage /r5g!n$ = ! battle ( life4 ,= sev]al ye>s1 ,i h be5 receiv+ reque/s1 f _m p>ts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & f =eign c\ntries z well1 = "s detail$ in=mation conc]n+ ! value ( indu/rial tra9+ & ! me?ods employ$ to develop x4 ,?is little volume is ! result1 9 "p1 ( an attempt to answ] ^! qu]ies4 ,two prov$ facts ne$ emphasis "h3 ,fir/3 ,m]e h& tra9+1 )\t ?or\gh moral1 religi\s1 & m5tal education1 c\nts = v little4 ,! h&s1 ! head1 & ! he>t toge!r %\ld be s correlat$ t "o may be made to help ! o!rs4 ,at ! ,tuskegee ,in/itute we f9d con/antly t we c make our indu/rial "w assi/ 9 ! academic tra9+1 & vice v]sa4 ,second3 ,! ef=t to make an indu/ry pr(itable %\ld n be ! aim ( fir/ importance4 ,! tea*+ %\ld be mo/ emphasis$4 ,our policy at ,tuskegee is to make an indu/ry pay its way if possible1 b at ! same "t n to sacrifice ! tra9+ to m]e economic ga94 ,^? :o und]take su* an endeav\r1 ) ! expectation to gett+ mu* money out ( an indu/ry1 w f9d !mselves disappo9t$1 unless !y realise t ! in/itution mu/ be1 all ! "t1 work+ ^u new mat]ial4 ,at ,tuskegee1 = example1 :5 a /ud5t is tra9$ to ! po9t ( effici5cy :]e he c con/ruct a fir/-class wagon1 we d n keep him !re to build m vehicles1 b s5d him out into ! _w to ex]t 8 tra9$ influ5ce & capabilities 9 lift+ o!rs to 8 level2 & we beg9 our "w ) ! raw mat]ial all ov] aga94 ,i %all be m ?an repaid if ^! *apt]s s]ve ! purpose ( help+ =w>d ! cause ( education1 ev5 ?\gh _! aid be remote & indirect4 ,,book] ,t4 ,,wa%+ton4 ,july #bb1 #aijd1 ,s\? ,weym\?1 ,mass4 ,,preface ,= sev]al ye>s ,i h be5 receiv+ reque/s1 f _m p>ts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & f =eign c\ntries z well1 = "s detail$ in=mation conc]n+ ! value ( indu/rial tra9+ & ! me?ods employ$ to develop x4 ,?is little volume is ! result1 9 "p1 ( an attempt to answ] ^! qu]ies4 ,two prov5 facts ne$ emphasis "h3 ,fir/3 ,m]e h& tra9+1 )\t ?or\gh moral1 religi\s1 & m5tal education1 c\nts = v little4 ,! h&s1 ! head1 & ! he>t toge!r1 z ! ess5tial elem5ts ( educational ne$1 %\ld be s correlat$ t "o may be made to help ! o!rs4 ,at ! ,tuskegee ,in/itute we f9d con/antly t we c make our indu/rial "w assi/ 9 ! academic tra9+1 & vice v]sa4 ,second3 ,! ef=t to make an indu/ry pay its way %\ld n be made ! aim ( fir/ importance4 ,! tea*+ %\ld be mo/ emphasis$4 ,our policy at ,tuskegee is to make an indu/ry pay its way if possible1 b at ! same "t n to sacrifice ! tra9+ to m]e economic ga94 ,^? :o und]take su* endeav\r ) ! expectation ( gett+ mu* money out ( an indu/ry1 w f9d !mselves disappo9t$1 unless !y realise t ! in/itution mu/ be1 all ! "t1 work+ ^u raw mat]ial4 ,at ,tuskegee1 = example1 :5 a /ud5t is tra9$ to ! po9t ( effici5cy :]e he c con/ruct a fir/-class wagon1 we d n keep him !re to build m vehicles1 b s5d him out into ! _w to ex]t 8 tra9$ influ5ce & capabilities 9 lift+ o!rs to 8 level1 & we beg9 our "w ) ! raw mat]ial all ov] aga94 ,i %all be m ?an repaid if ^! *apt]s w s]ve ! purpose ( help+ =w>d ! cause ( education1 ev5 ?\gh _! aid be remote & indirect4 ,,cont5ts ,i4 ,moral ,values ( ,h& ,"w #c ,,ii4 ,tra9+ = ,conditions #ae ,,iii4 ,a ,battle ,aga9/ ,prejudice #ca ,,iv4 ,mak+ ,education ,pay ,its ,way #dc ,v4 ,build+ ,up a ,sy/em #ee ,,vi4 ,weld+ ,!ory & ,practice #fg ,,vii4 ,head & ,h&s ,toge!r #hb ,,viii4 ,lessons 9 ,home-,mak+ #ih ,,ix4 ,outdoor ,"w = ,wom5 #ajg ,x4 ,help+ ! ,mo!rs #aai ,,xi4 ,! ,till]s ( ! ,gr\nd #ace ,,xii4 ,pleasure & ,pr(it ( ,"w 9 ! ,soil #aea ,,xiii4 ,on ! ,exp]im5tal ,f>m #afc ,,xiv4 ,! ,eag]ness = ,le>n+ #agc ,,xv4 ,! ,value ( ,small ,?+s #aha ,,xvi4 ,religi\s ,influ5ces at ,tuskegee #aib ,,xvii4 ,"s ,tangible ,results #bjj ,,xviii4 ,spread+ ! ,tuskegee ,_s #bai ,,xix4 ,negro ,education ,n a ,failure #bca ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations ,mr4 ,wa%+ton 9 8 (fice at ,tuskegee ,frontispiece ,,fac+ ,,page ,fir/ build+ erect$ on ,s*ool gr\nds #ab ,break+ up new gr\nd ) an eight-ox team #af ,cutt+ sug>-cane on ! ,s*ool's f>m #bf ,gr9d+ sug>-cane at ! ,s*ool's sug>-mill #cb ,! repair %op #db ,9 ! ,agricultural ,laboratory #df ,road-build+ by ,tuskegee /ud5ts #ej ,build+ a new dormitory #ef ,digg+ f\ndation = a new build+ on ! ,in/itute gr\nds #eh ,select+ fruit = cann+ #fj ,at "w 9 ! ,s*ool's brick-y>d #fb ,%oe-%op--mak+ & repair+ #ff ,mattress-mak+ #fh ,basket-mak+ #gj ,9 ! ,s*ool's sawmill #gb ,9 ! ma*9e-%op #gd ,/ud5ts at "w 9 ! ,s*ool's f\ndry #gf ,class 9 me*anical draw+ #gh ,! blacksmi? %op #hj ,class 9 outdoor geometry #hb ,/ud5ts fram+ ! ro( ( a l>ge build+ #hd ,class 9 language #hf ,class 9 outdoor nature /udy #hh ,wood-turn+ ma*9]y #ij ,class 9 outdoor ari?metic #ib ,*emical ,laboratory #id ,class 9 physiology #if ,doro?y ,hall1 9 :i* mo/ ( ! indu/ries = girls are taught #ih ,le>n+ dressmak+ #ajj ,b>rel furniture #ajb ,class 9 cook+ #ajd ,an out-(-door class 9 laundry "w #ajf ,outdoor "w = girls #ajh ,home-made furniture #acj ,class 9 nature /udy #aeb ,:5 at ,tuskegee1 ,i f9d a way1 by ris+ e>ly 9 ! morn+1 to sp5d half an h\r 9 my g>d5 or ) ! live /ock #aed ,hogs z object-lessons #aef ,! ,*ildr5's ,h\se3 ,class 9 nature /udy #aeh ,tea* ! *ild some?+ ab\t real c\ntry life #afj ,cultivat+ a pat* ( cassava on ! agricultural exp]im5t plot #afd ,c>negie ,libr>y4 ,built by ,in/itute /ud5ts #agd ,! tailor %op #agf ,9 ! model d9+-room #ahf ,! pa9t %op #aij ,in/itute ,*apel4 ,mo/ impos+ build+ on ,s*ool gr\nds built by /ud5ts #aid ,tak+ an agricultural class into ! field #bjd ,a furniture & repair %op at ,sn[ ,hill #bbb ,a ,sew+-class at ,sn[ ,hill #bbd ,typesett+--pr9t+-(fice #bcd ,bird's-eye view ( gr\nds & build+s ( ,tuskegee ,normal & ,indu/rial ,in/itute1 ,tuskegee1 ,alabama #bdd ,,work+ ,,) ,,! ,,h&s ,,*apt] ,i ,,moral ,,values ,,( ,,h& ,,"w ,! wor? ( "w ) ! h&s z an uplift+ p[] 9 real education 0 fir/ br\ght home to me ) /rik+ emphasis :5 ,i 0 a /ud5t at ! ,hampton ,normal & ,agricultural ,in/itute1 :i* 0 at t "t "u ! direction ( ! late ,g5]al ,s4 ,c4 ,arm/rong4 ,b ,i recall ) int]e/ an exp]i5ce1 e>li] ?an my ,hampton tra9+1 along simil> l9es ( enlight5m5t1 :i* came to me :5 ,i 0 a *ild4 ,soon aft] ,i 0 made free by ! proclamation ( ,abraham ,l9coln1 !re came ! new opportunity to att5d a public s*ool at my home t[n 9 ,we/ ,virg9ia4 ,:5 ! tea*] said t ! *ief purpose ( education 0 to enable "o to speak & write ! ,engli% language correctly1 ! /atem5t f\nd lodgm5t 9 my m9d & /ay$ !re4 ,:ile at ! "t ,i c\ld n put my ?\ghts into words cle>ly en\gh to express in/9ctive disagreem5t ) my tea*]1 ?is def9ition did n seem adequate1 x grat$ h>%ly ^u my "y e>s1 & ,i _h reasons = feel+ t education ought to d m = a boy ?an m]ely to tea* him to read & write4 ,:ile ?is s*eme ( education 0 be+ held up be=e me1 my "m 0 liv+ 9 abject pov]ty1 lack+ ! commone/ necess>ies ( life1 & work+ day & night to give me a *ance to g to s*ool = two or ?ree mon?s ( ! ye>4 ,& my =emo/ aim 9 go+ to s*ool 0 to le>n ways & means by :i* ,i might make life m endurable1 & if possible ev5 attractive1 = my "m4 ,!re 7 sev]al boys ( our neighb\rhood :o _h sup]ior s*ool advantages1 & :o1 9 m ?an "o in/ance1 _h rea*$ ! po9t :]e !y 7 call$ educat$1 :i* meant t !y c\ld write & talk correctly4 ,b _! p>5ts 7 n f> remov$ f ! conditions 9 :i* my "m 0 liv+1 & ,i c\ld n help wond]+ :e!r ?is k9d ( education alone 0 fitt$ to help me 9 ! imm$iate ne$s ( reliev+ ! h>d times at home4 ,?is idea1 h[ev]1 ran c\nt] to ! curr5t ( widespread op9ion among my p4 ,"y z ,i 01 ,i _h come to h ! feel+ t to be a free boy meant1 to a consid]able ext5t1 fre$om f "w ) ! h&s1 & t ?is new /atus appli$ especially to ! educat$ boy4 ,j aft] ! ,civil ,w> ! ,negro lad 0 /rongly influ5c$ by two beliefs2 "o1 t fre$om f slav]y br\ght ) x fre$om f h>d "w1 ! o!r t education ( ! head w\ld br+ ev5 m sweep+ emancipation f "w ) ! h&s4 ,x is fair to add t ! ,negro 0 n directly responsible = ei!r ( ^! ideas1 b !y w>p$ 8 views nev]!less1 & held sway ov] ! masses ( ! "y g5]ation4 ,i _h felt & obs]v$ ^! ?+s1 & fur!r1 z a *ild 9 ,virg9ia1 _h naturally not$ t "y :ite boys ^: fa!rs held slaves did n (t5 "w ) _! h&s4 ,n long aft] ,i _h begun to ?9k ( ^! new conditions & _! results1 view+ !m z s]i\sly z c\ld be expect$ ( an ignorant boy1 an ev5t ( my work+ life left important influ5ces 9 its wake4 ,!re liv$ a little way f my "m's cab9 a woman ( weal?1 :o _h liv$ _m ye>s 9 ! ,s\?1 al?\gh %e _h be5 born & educat$ 9 ,v]mont4 ,%e _h a high respect = manual lab\r1 %[+ actively h] appreciation ( ! dignity ( hone/ "w well done1 &1 not)/&+ h] own position & culture1 %e 0 n a%am$ to use h] h&s4 ,9 ! neighb\rhood1 ?is lady 0 reput$ to be exce$+ly h>d to please 9 ! p]=mance ( any sort ( "w on h] place1 & among ! village boys %e 0 call$ a h>d p]son to get along )4 ,z ,i rememb]1 at lea/ half a doz5 boys _h be5 successively *os5 to live ) h]1 b _! resid5ce 9 s]vice _h be5 consi/5tly %ort-liv$4 ,i ?9k a week 0 ab\t ! av]age p]iod1 9 spite ( ! widely adv]tis$ fact t ! h\sehold _h ! r$eem+ reputation ( always provid+ good ?+s to eat4 ,9 addition to pies & cakes1 :i* boys 9 a community l ours seldom saw 9 _! own cab9 homes1 ! or*>ds ar\nd ! h\se bore heavy yields ( ! f9e/ fruits1 yet su* extraord9>y inducem5ts z ^! c\ld n hold ! boys1 :o "o by "o return$ to ! village ) ! same /ory1 t ! lady ( ! mansion 0 too /rict & too h>d to please4 ,aft] a long record ( ^! mutual disappo9tm5ts1 my "m told me t my turn _h come1 z ! ri* & exact+ p]sonage _h s5t to ask me to come & live ) h]1 ) ! promise ( five doll>s a mon? 9 wages4 ,aft] a long & s]i\s talk ) my "m ,i decid$ to make ! ef=t to s]ve ?is woman1 al?\gh ! tid+s ( s _m failures fill$ me ) =ebod+4 ,a few days lat]1 ) my clo!s made z pres5table z possible1 & ) my he>t ?ump+ 9 fe> & anxiety1 ,i report$ = duty4 ,i _h he>d s mu* ab\t ,mrs4 ,ruffn]1 h] weal?1 h] f9e h\se1 & h] luxuri\s surr\nd+s1 ov]%ad[$ by h] appall+ sev]ity & exact+ discipl9e1 t ,i trembl$ ) a t]ror :i* ,i %all n try to describe at ! ?\ght ( fac+ h]4 ,my life _h be5 liv$ 9 a cab91 & ,i 0 n[ to try to toil 9 :at look$ to me l a gr& mansion1 an en*ant$ palace fill$ ) al>ms4 ,b ,i got a grip on all ! c\rage 9 my scanty /ock1 & brac$ myself to endure ! ordeal ) all possible =titude4 ,! meet+ 0 n at all :at ,i _h expect$4 ,mrs4 ,ruffn] talk$ to me 9 ! k9dlie/ way1 & h] frank & positive mann] 0 temp]$ ) a rehe>sal ( ! difficulties enc\nt]$ ) ! boys :o _h prec$$ me1 h[ & :y !y _h fail$ to please1 & :at 0 expect$ ( !m & ( me4 ,i saw t x w\ld be my fault if ,i fail$ to und]/& my duties1 z %e expla9$ !m 9 detail4 ,i w\ld be expect$ to keep my body clean & my clo!s neat1 & cleanl9ess 0 to be ! motto 9 all my "w4 ,%e said t all ?+s c\ld be done be/ by sy/em1 & %e expect$ x ( me1 & t ! exact tru? at all times1 reg>dless ( consequ5ces1 0 "o ( ! fir/ laws ( h] h\sehold--a law ^: violation c\ld nev] be ov]look$4 ,i rememb]1 too1 t %e plac$ special emphasis ^u ! law ( promptness1 & said t excuses & explanations c\ld nev] be tak5 9 ! place ( results4 ,at ! "t1 ?is seem$ to me a pretty /]n program to live up to1 & ,i 0 fight+ a s5se ( disc\ragem5t :51 t[>d ! end ( ! int]view1 %e told me t if ,i 7 able to please h] %e w\ld p]mit me to att5d s*ool at night dur+ ! w9t]4 ,?is sugge/ion s /imulat$ my ambition t x w5t a long way t[>d cl9*+ ! decision to make ! ef=t ( my life to satisfy my employ] & to break all records = l5g? ( s]vice 9 h] h\sehold4 ,my fir/ task1 z ,i rememb] x1 0 to cut ! grass ar\nd ! h\se1 & !n to give ! gr\nds a ?or\gh clean+ up4 ,9 ^? days !re 7 no lawn-m[]s1 & ,i _h to g d[n on my knees & cut mu* ( ! grass ) a little h&-scy!4 ,i soon f\nd t my employ] n only wi%$ ! grass cut1 b also dem&$ t x be trimm$ smoo? & ev54 ,any "o :o has tri$ to m[ a lawn ) a dull h&-scy! or sickle c realise ! difficulties :i* beset ?is lab\r4 ,i am n a%am$ to say t ,i did n succe$ 9 giv+ satisfaction ! fir/1 or ev5 ! second or ?ird "t1 b at la/ ,i made ! turf 9 t y>d look z smoo? & velvety z if ,i _h be5 ov] x ) ! mo/ improv$ patt]n ( lawn-m[]4 ,) ?is a*ievem5t my s5se ( pride & satisfaction began to /ir itself & to become a p]ceptible inc5tive4 ,i f\nd1 h[ev]1 t cutt+ ! grass 0 n ! :ole task4 ,e we$1 tuft ( dead grass1 bit ( pap]1 or scrap ( dirt ( any k9d mu/ be remov$1 nor did ,i succe$ at ! fir/ attempt 9 pleas+ my employ]4 ,_m times1 :5 tir$ & hot ) try+ to put ?is y>d 9 ord]1 ,i 0 he>tsick & disc\rag$ & almo/ det]m9$ to run away & g home to my "m4 ,b ,i kept at x1 & aft] a few days1 z ! result ( my ef=ts "u ! /rict ov]sight ( my mi/ress1 we c\ld take pleasure 9 look+ ^u a y>d :]e ! grass 0 gre51 & almo/ p]fect 9 its smoo?ness1 :]e ! fl[] b$s 7 trimly kept1 ! edges ( ! walks clean cut1 & :]e !re 0 no?+ to m> ! well-ord]$ appe>ance4 ,:5 ,i saw & realis$ t all ?is 0 a creation ( my own h&s1 my :ole nature began to *ange4 ,i felt a self-respect1 an enc\ragem5t1 & a satisfaction t ,i _h nev] be=e enjoy$ or ?\ght possible4 ,above all else1 ,i _h acquir$ a new confid5ce 9 my ability actually to d ?+s & to d !m well4 ,& m ?an ?is1 ,i f\nd myself1 ?r\gh ?is exp]i5ce1 gett+ rid ( ! idea :i* _h gradually become a "p ( me1 t ! head meant ev]y?+ & ! h&s little 9 work+ endeav\r1 & t only to lab\r ) ! m9d 0 hon\rable :ile to toil ) ! h&s 0 unwor?y & ev5 disgraceful4 ,) ?is vital gr[? ( realisation !re came ! w>m & he>ty comm5dation ( ! good woman :o _h giv5 me :at ,i n[ consid] my fir/ *ance to get 9 t\* ) ! real ?+s ( life4 ,:5 ,i recall ?is exp]i5ce1 ,i "k t !n & !re my m9d 0 awak5$ & /r5g!n$4 ,z ,i began to reap satisfaction f ! works ( my h&s1 ,i f\nd myself plann+ ov] night h[ to ga9 success 9 ! next day's ef=ts4 ,i w\ld try to picture ! y>d z ,i meant x to look :5 complet$1 & laid awake nights try+ to decide ^u ! prettie/ curves = ! fl[] b$s & ! prop] wid? ( ! walks4 ,i 0 soon f> m absorb$ 9 ?is "w ?an 9 fill+ 9 my leisure "t seek+ mis*ief ) ! village boys4 ,i rema9$ 9 ?is family = sev]al ye>s1 & ! long] ,i 0 employ$ !re ! m satisfaction ,i got out ( my "w4 ,in/ead ( fe>+ ! woman :om ! o!r boys _h f\nd s =midable1 ,i le>n$ to ?9k ( h] & to reg>d h] n[ 7= %e /ill lives7 z "o ( my greate/ tea*]s4 ,lat]1 :e!r work+ 9 ! coal m9es or at ! salt furnaces1 ,i le>n$ to f9d ! same k9d ( satisfaction 9 ev]y?+ ,i did = a livelihood4 ,if :ile sweep+ or du/+ a room1 or we$+ a b$ ( fl[]s or vegetables1 !re rema9$ ! lea/ imp]fection1 ,i 0 unhappy1 & felt t ,i 0 guilty ( di%one/y until ! flaw 9 my "w _h be5 remov$4 ,:ile ,i h nev] wi%$ to und]e/imate ! awak5+ p[] ( purely m5tal tra9+1 ,i believe t ?is visible1 tangible contact ) nature gave me inspirations & ambitions :i* c\ld n h come 9 any o!r way4 ,i fav\r ! mo/ ?or\gh m5tal tra9+ & ! highe/ developm5t ( m9d1 b ,i want to see ^! l9k$ ) ! common ?+s ( ! univ]sal life ab\t our doors4 ,x 0 ?is exp]i5ce 9 us+ my h&s t l$ me1 9 spite ( all ! difficulties 9 ! way1 to g to ! ,hampton ,in/itute1 :]e ,i _h le>n$ t pupils c\ld h n only _! m9ds educat$1 b _! h&s tra9$4 ,:5 ,i ent]$ ! ,hampton ,in/itute few indu/ries 7 taught !re1 b ^! _h to d ) ! fundam5tals ( e-day life4 ,! h& "w began ) ! duties :i* lay directly 9 ! pa? ( ! /ud5t4 ,we 7 taught to make our own b$s1 to clean our rooms1 to take c>e ( ! recitation rooms1 & to keep ! gr\nds 9 ord]4 ,!n came lessons 9 rais+ our food on ! f>m & ! prop] me?ods ( cook+ & s]v+ x 9 ! s*ool4 ,! in/ruction 9 iron & wood-"w 9 ! e>li] ye>s ( ! in/itution 0 mo/ly 9 mak+ & repair+ ! f>m+ implem5ts & 9 help+ to ma9ta9 ! build+s4 ,:ile mu* ( ?is "w may seem rudim5t>y1 x _h great educational value4 ,h[ well ,i rememb] ! feel+ ( /imulus & satisfaction inspir$ by ! sight ( a p]fectly made b$1 ! pill[s plac$ always at ! "r angle1 & ! edges ( ! %eets turn$ ov] accord+ to rules ( neatness & sy/em4 ,! "w ( ! f>m _h a simil> k9d ( influ5ce ^u my views ( relative values 9 education4 ,i soon le>n$ t !re 0 a great diff]5ce betwe5 /udy+ ab\t ?+s & /udy+ ! ?+s !mselves1 betwe5 book in/ruction & ! illum9ation ( practical exp]i5ce4 ,?is *a9 ( exp]i5ces1 ^: l9ks ,i h tri$ to indicate1 s]v$ z a prep>ation = ! "w ( tra9+ ! head1 ! he>t1 & ! h&s :i* ,i 0 to und]take lat] at ! ,tuskegee ,normal & ,indu/rial ,in/itute 9 ,alabama4 ,:5 ,i w5t to ,alabama to beg9 ?is "w1 ,i sp5t "s "t 9 visit+ t[ns & c\ntry di/ricts 9 ord] to le>n ! real conditions & ne$s ( ! p4 ,x 0 my ambition to make ! little s*ool :i* ,i 0 ab\t to f\nd a real s]vice 9 enri*+ ! life ( ! mo/ l[ly & un=tunate4 ,) ?is end 9 view1 ,i n only visit$ ! s*ools1 *ur*es1 & f>ms ( ! p1 b slept 9 _! "o-room$ cab9s & ate at _! tables _! f>e ( corn-bread & fri$ pork4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fir/ ,,build+ ,,erect$ ,,on ,,s*ool ,,gr\nds ,(t5 :ile mak+ ^! visits1 bo? 9 ! t[ns & 9 ! plantation di/ricts1 ,i f\nd "y m5 & wom5 :o _h acquir$ consid]able education1 b x seem$ to be limit$ to memoris+ c]ta9 rules 9 gramm> & ari?metic4 ,"s ( !m _h /udi$ bo? ! classic & mod]n languages1 & ,i discov]$ /ud5ts :o c\ld solve problems 9 ari?metic & algebra :i* ,i c\ld n ma/]4 ,yet ,i c\ld n escape ! conviction t ! m ab/ract ^! problems 71 & ! fur!r !y 7 remov$ f ! life ! p 7 !n liv+1 or 7 to live1 ! m /ress seem$ to be plac$ ^u !m4 ,"o ( ! sadde/ features 0 to f9d "h & !re in/ances ( ^? :o _h /udi$ :at 0 call$ art or in/rum5tal music1 9 o!r words ! elegant accompli%m5ts1 b :o 7 liv+ 9 h\ses :]e !re 0 no sign ( beauty or sy/em4 ,!re 0 n ! slighte/ indication t ?is art or ^! accompli%m5ts _h _h or ev] w\ld h any influ5ce ^u ! life 9 ! homes ( ^! p4 ,inde$1 x did n seem to h occurr$ to !m t su* ?+s ought to h any relation to _! e-day life4 ,i f\nd "y m5 :o c\ld wre/le successfully ) ! t\ghe/ problems 9 comp\nd int]e/ or bank+ or =eign ex*ange1 b :o _h nev] ?\ght ( try+ to figure out :y _! fa!rs lo/ money on e bale ( cotton rais$1 & :y !y 7 cont9ually mortgag+ _! crops & fall+ deep] into debt4 ,i talk$ ) girls :o c\ld locate on ! map accurately ! ,alps & ! ,&es1 b :o _h no idea ( ! prop] position ( ! knives & =ks on ! d9n] table4 ,i f\nd ^? :o rememb]$ t bananas 7 gr[n 9 c]ta9 ,s\? & ,c5tral ,am]ican c\ntries1 b to :om x _h nev] occurr$ t !y might be a n\ri%+ & appetis+ food = _! breakfa/ tables4 ,9 a c\ntry :]e pigs1 *ick5s1 ducks1 geese1 b]ries1 pea*es1 plums1 vegetables1 nuts1 & o!r :olesome foods c\ld be produc$ ) little ef=t1 s*ool tea*]s 7 eat+ salt pork f ,*icago & cann$ *ick5 & tomatoes s5t f ,omaha4 ,:ile ! c\ntryside ab\nd$ 9 all mann] ( beautiful %rubb]y & fragrant fl[]s1 few ( ^! ev] f\nd _! way into ! h\ses or ^u ! d9n] tables4 ,:ile 9 _m in/ances ! p _h always liv$ 9 ! c\ntry1 & w\ld cont9ue to d s1 :at few text-books ,i saw 9 _! cab9s 7 full ( pictures & read+ matt] relat+ to city life4 ,9 ^! text-books ,i saw pictures ( great (fice build+s1 %ips1 /reet-c>s1 w>eh\ses1 b n a s+le picture ( a f>m sc5e1 a spread+ apple-tree1 a field ( grass or corn1 a flock ( %eep1 or a h]d ( c[s4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,tra9+ ,,= ,,conditions ,! prelim9>y inve/igation ( c]ta9 phases ( ! life ( ! p ( my race l$ me to make a m ?or\gh /udy ( _! ne$s 9 ord] t ,i might h m light on ! problem ( :at ! ,tuskegee ,in/itute c\ld d to help !m4 ,be=e beg9n+ "w at ,tuskegee ,i _h felt t too (t5 9 educational mission>y ef=t ! temptation 0 to try to =ce ea* individual into a c]ta9 m\ld1 reg>dless ( ! condition & ne$s ( ! subject or ( ! ends s\ght4 ,x seem$ to me a mi/ake to try to fit p = conditions :i* may h be5 successful 9 communities a ?\s& miles away1 or 9 times c5turies remote1 )\t pay+ att5tion to ! actual life & ne$s ( ^? liv+ 9 ! %ad[ ( ! in/itution & = :om its educational ma*9]y mu/ lab\r4 ,9 ! beg9n+ ( my "w1 :5 ,i ?\ght x necess>y to inve/igate at clos] range ! hi/ory & environm5t ( ! p ar\nd u1 x soon became evid5t t ?is data 0 a valuable basis = ! und]tak+ at ,tuskegee4 ,= x 0 demon/rat$ t we 7 ab\t to take a %>e 9 ! burd5 ( educat+ a race :i* _h _h little or no ne$ = lab\r 9 its native l&1 be=e be+ br\ght to ,am]ica--a race :i* _h nev] kn[n volunt>y inc5tives to toil4 ,! tropical climate _h be5 g5]\s to ! inhabitant ( ,africa & _h suppli$ him )\t ef=t ) ! few ?+s ne$ful = ! support ( ! body4 ,i _h cause to recall ! /ory ( a native :o w5t to sleep on 8 back 9 ! morn+ "u a banana tree ) 8 m\? op51 confid5t t be=e noon a provid5tial banana w\ld fall into 8 m\?4 ,:ile ! ,african _h little occasion to "w ) 8 h&s 9 ! l& ( 8 nativity1 by ! end ( 8 p]iod ( slav]y 9 ?is c\ntry he _h und]gone two hundr$ & fifty ye>s ( ! sev]e/ lab\r4 ,!re=e1 _m fri5ds ( ! race argu$ t ! ,am]ican ,negro1 ( all p1 ought to be releas$ f fur!r h&-tra9+1 especially :ile 9 s*ool4 ,o!rs said t ! ,negro _h be5 work$ = c5turies1 & n[ t ! race 0 free !re ought to be a *ange4 ,illu/ration3 ,,break+ ,,up ,,new ,,gr\nd ,,) ,,an ,,eight-,,ox ,,team ,at ,tuskegee we repli$ t x 0 true t ! race _h be5 work$ 9 slav]y1 b ! great lesson :i* ! race ne$$ to le>n 9 fre$om 0 to "w4 ,we said t z a slave ! ,negro 0 work$2 z a freeman he mu/ le>n to "w4 ,!re is a va/ diff]5ce betwe5 work+ & be+ work$4 ,be+ work$ means degradation2 work+ means civilisation4 ,?is 0 ! diff]5ce :i* our in/itution wi%$ *iefly to emphasise4 ,we argu$ t dur+ ! days ( slav]y lab\r 0 =c$ out ( ! ,negro1 & he _h acquir$1 = ?is reason1 a dislike = "w4 ,! :ole ma*9]y ( slav]y 0 n apt to beget ! _s ( love ( lab\r4 ,because ^! ?+s 7 true we promis$ to try to tea* our /ud5ts to lift lab\r out ( drudg]y & to place x on a plane :]e x w\ld become attractive1 & :]e x w\ld be some?+ to be s\ght r ?an some?+ to be dread$ & if possible avoid$4 ,m ?an ?is1 we want$ to tea* m5 & wom5 to put bra9s into ! lab\r ( ! h&1 & to %[ t x 0 possible = "o ) ! be/ m5tal tra9+ to "w ) ! h&s )\t feel+ t he 0 degrad$4 ,:ile we 7 consid]+ our plans at ,tuskegee1 _m p]sons argu$ ) me1 z !y _h done ) ,g5]al ,arm/rong ye>s be=e1 at ,hampton1 t all ! ,negro y\? ne$$ z education 0 m5tal & religi\s tra9+1 & t all else w\ld foll[ ( itself4 ,p>tly 9 answ] to ?is argum5t1 we po9t$ to our p 9 ! republic ( ,hayti1 :o 7 fre$ _m ye>s be=e emancipation came to our race 9 ! ,s\!rn ,/ates4 ,a l>ge numb] ( ! lead+ citiz5s ( ,hayti dur+ ! long p]iod ( ye>s _h be5 giv5 a mo/ ?or\gh m5tal tra9+ n only 9 ,hayti b 9 ,france1 & ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* _h surr\nd$ ! population f bir? ) religi\s influ5ces4 ,_m ,haytians _h di/+ui%$ !mselves 9 ! /udy ( philosophy & ! languages1 & yet ! sad fact rema9$ t ,hayti did n prosp]4 ,i wi% to be entirely fair to ! ,haytians4 ,hayti exports annually f sixty to eighty million p\nds ( c(fee & sev]al hundr$ million p\nds ( preci\s woods4 ,a ,fr5* /ati/ician says t among ! sixty c\ntries ( ! globe :i* c>ry on regul> comm]ce ) ,france1 ,hayti figures 9 ! sev5te5? place4 ,9 am\nt ( special duties receiv$ at ! ,fr5* ,cu/om ,h\se ^u ! products import$ f ^? sixty c\ntries1 ,hayti comes 9 ! f\r? rank4 ,x seems well to obs]ve1 !n1 t "h is ! f\ndation = ! upbuild+ ( a ri* & p[]ful c\ntry1 ) great natural res\rces4 ,x seems all ! m inexcusable t indu/rial conditions %\ld be z unsatisfactory z !y are4 ,! ?\ghtful & progressive m5 9 ! republics ( ,hayti & ,santo ,dom+o n[ recognise ! fact t :ile !re has always be5 a dem& = pr(essional m5 & wom5 ( ! highe/ type ( s*ol>%ip1 at ! same "t _m ( ^! s*ol>s %\ld h _h su* sci5tific & indu/rial education z w\ld h br\ght !m into direct contact ) ! developm5t ( ! mat]ial res\rces ( ! c\ntry4 ,!y n[ see t _! c\ntry w\ld h be5 advanc$ f> beyond its pres5t condition1 mat]ially & morally1 if a l>ge proportion ( ! brighte/ y\?s _h be5 giv5 skill$ h&icrafts & _h be5 taught ! me*anical arts & practical me?ods ( agriculture4 ,"s ( !m %\ld h be5 educat$ z civil1 m9+1 & sanit>y eng9e]s1 & o!rs z ar*itects & build]s2 & mo/ important ( all1 agriculture %\ld h be5 sci5tifically develop$4 ,if su* a f\ndation _h be5 laid x is probable t ,hayti w\ld n[ possess good public roads1 /reets1 bridges1 & railroads1 & t its agricultural & m9+ res\rces w\ld h made ! c\ntry ri*1 prosp]\s1 & cont5t$4 ,x is a deplorable fact t "o ( ! ri*e/ isl&s 9 natural res\rces 9 ! _w is compell$ to import a l>ge proportion ( its food & clo?+4 ,x is actually true t _m ( ! p ( ,hayti1 "s ( !m graduates ( ! be/ univ]sities ( ,france1 cont5t !mselves ) we>+ clo!s import$ f ,europe4 ,x is also true t great quantities ( cann$ meats & vegetables are br\ght f ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 commodities :i* c\ld easily be produc$ at _! v doors4 ,! ,haytians claim1 h[ev]1 t mo/ ( ! import$ food is = ! use ( =eign]s1 z !y1 !mselves1 eat v little meat t is n fre%ly cook$4 ,! p live almo/ :olly ^u ! primitive products ( undi/urb$ nature1 & ! great] "p ( ! h>ve/]s & o!r work]s are wom54 ,i h be5 told1 ^u reliable au?ority1 t ! majority ( ! educat$ p]sons 9 ! isl& take up ! pr(essions1 & t because !re is almo/ no indu/rial developm5t ( ! c\ntry1 ! lawy]1 naturally1 f9ds himself )\t cli5ts1 & he1 9 common ) o!rs ( ! educat$ classes1 sp5ds mu* ( 8 "t 9 writ+ poetry1 9 discuss+ subjects 9 ab/ract sci5ce1 or embroil+ 8 c\ntry 9 revolutions4 ,9 rec5t ye>s ,i h receiv$ mo/ urg5t appeals f bo? ,hayti & ,santo ,dom+o = advice & assi/ance 9 ! direction ( educat+ indu/rial & sci5tific lead]s4 ,! be/ fri5ds ( ,hayti & ,santo ,dom+o n[ realise t trem5d\s mi/akes h be5 made4 ,!y see t if ! p _h be5 taught 9 ! beg9n+ ( _! fre$om t all =ms ( idl5ess 7 disgraceful & t all =ms ( lab\r1 :e!r ) ! head or ) ! h&1 7 hon\rable1 ! c\ntry to-day w\ld n be 9 su* /ress ( pov]ty4 ,!y w\ld h few] revolutions1 because ! p w\ld h indu/ries to occupy _! "t1 _! ?\ghts1 & _! en]gies4 ,i ought to add t1 9 su* defici5cies z ^!1 ,hayti is p]haps n worse (f ?an "s ,s\? ,am]ican republics :i* h made ! same mi/akes4 ,! situation 9 ^! c\ntries :i* h ov]look$ ! value ( indu/rial tra9+ rem9d me ( a /ory told by ! late ,h5ry ,w4 ,grady ab\t a c\ntry fun]al 9 ,georgia4 ,! grave 0 dug 9 ! mid/ ( a p9e =e/1 b ! p9e c(f9 t held ! body 0 br\ght f ,c9c9nati4 ,hickory & o!r h>d woods grew 9 abundance ne>by1 b ! wagon on :i* ! c(f9 0 drawn came f ,s\? ,b5d1 ,indiana1 & ! mule t drew ! wagon came f ,miss\ri4 ,valuable m9]als 7 close to ! cemet]y1 b ! %ovels & picks us$ 9 digg+ ! grave came f ,pittsburg1 & _! h&les f ,baltimore4 ,! %oes 9 :i* ! dead man 0 buri$ came f ,lynn1 ,massa*usetts1 8 coat & tr\s]s f ,new ,york1 8 %irt f ,l[ell1 ,massa*usetts1 & 8 coll> & tie f ,philadelphia4 ,! only ?+s suppli$ by ! c\nty1 ) its weal? ( natural res\rces1 0 ! corpse & ! hole 9 ! gr\nd1 & ,mr4 ,grady add$ t ! c\nty probably w\ld h import$ bo? ( ^! if x c\ld h done s4 ,:5 any p1 reg>dless ( race or geographical location1 h n be5 tra9$ to habits ( indu/ry1 h n be5 giv5 skill ( h& 9 y\?1 & taught to love lab\r1 a direct result is ! bre$+ ( a wor?less idle class1 :i* sp5ds a great deal ( its "t 9 try+ to live by its wits4 ,if a community has be5 educat$ exclusively on books & has n be5 tra9$ 9 habits ( appli$ indu/ry1 an un:olesome t5d5cy to dodge hone/ productive lab\r is likely to develop4 ,z 9 ! case ( ,hayti1 ! p acquire a fatal fondness = wa/+ valuable h\rs 9 discuss+ politics & conspir+ to ov]?r[ ! gov]nm5t4 ,i h not$1 too1 t :5 ! p ( a community h n be5 taught to "w intellig5tly ) _! h&s1 or h n le>n$ habits ( ?rift & indu/ry1 !y are likely to be frett+ cont9ually = fe> t no "o w be left to e>n a liv+ = !m4 ,!re are few m dismal & disc\rag+ sights ?an ! m5 ( a community absorb$ 9 idle gossip & political discussion4 ,i h se5 m ?an a doz5 :ite m5 9 "o small t[n take _! seats "u a tree or on ! %ady side ( ! /reet z e>ly z eight o'clock 9 ! morn+ & talk politics until noon4 ,!n !y w\ld g home = d9n]1 & return at "o o'clock to sp5d ! rema9d] ( ! day ?re%+ out ! same ?readb>e topics4 ,_! greate/ ex]tion dur+ ! :ole long day w\ld be 9 mov+ f ! sunny side ( ! /reet or tree to ! %ady side & back aga94 ,a curi\s trait ( su* p>asites is t !y are always wond]+ :y times are h>d1 & :y !re is s little money 9 circulation 9 _! communities4 ,an argum5t h&$ d[n f ,recon/ruction times 0 once urg$ by _m p1 bo? :ite & col\r$1 aga9/ indu/rial education4 ,x 0 to ! effect t because ! :ite ,s\? _h f ! fir/ oppos$ :at is popul>ly call$ high] education = ! ,negro1 ?is mu/ be ! only k9d good = him4 ,i rememb] t :5 ,i 0 try+ to e/abli% ! ,tuskegee ,in/itute1 ne>ly all ! :ite p :o talk$ ) me on ! subject took x = grant$ t in/ruction 9 ,greek1 ,lat91 & mod]n languages w\ld be ma9 features 9 our curriculum2 & ,i he>d no "o oppose :at x 0 ?\ght our c\rse ( /udy w\ld embrace4 ,9 fact1 !re are _m :ite p 9 ! ,s\? at ! pres5t "t :o d n "k t ! dead languages are n taught at ,tuskegee4 ,fur!r pro( ( :at ,i h said w be furni%$ by ! catalogs ( ! s*ools ma9ta9$ by ! ,s\!rn ,/ates = ,negro p1 & manag$ by ,s\!rn :ite p2 x w be f\nd t 9 almo/ e in/ance in/ruction 9 ! high] bran*es is giv5 ) ! cons5t & approval ( :ite (ficials4 ,?is 0 true z f> back z #ahhj4 ,x is n unusual to meet ev5 at ?is "t ,s\!rn :ite p :o are z emphatic 9 _! belief 9 ! value ( classical education z a c]ta9 elem5t ( ! col\r$ p !mselves4 ,b ! bulk ( op9ion 9 ! ,s\? _h little fai? 9 ! efficacy ( ! high] or any o!r k9d ( education = ! ,negro4 ,!y 7 indiff]5t1 b did n op5ly oppose4 ,n all h be5 indiff]5t1 h[ev]1 = !re has always be5 a pot5t elem5t ( :ite p 9 all ! ,s\!rn ,/ates :o h /ood up op5ly & bravely = ! education ( all ! p1 reg>dless ( race4 ,?is elem5t has _h consid]able success ?us f> 9 %ap+ & lead+ public op9ion1 & ,i believe x w become m & m influ5tial4 ,?is does n mean t !re is z yet an equitable division ( ! s*ool funds rais$ by common taxation4 ,:ile ! education :i* we propos$ to give at ! ,tuskegee ,in/itute 0 n spontane\sly welcom$ by ! :ite ,s\?1 x 0 ?is tra9+ ( ! h&s t furni%$ ! fir/ basis = any?+ l unit$ & sympa!tic int]e/ & action betwe5 ! two races at ! ,s\? & ! :ites at ! ,nor? & ^? at ! ,s\?4 ,aside f its direct b5efits to ! ,negro race1 indu/rial education1 9 provid+ a common gr\nd = und]/&+ & cop]ation betwe5 ! ,nor? & ,s\?1 has meant m to ! ,s\? & to ! cause ( education ?an has be5 realis$4 ,_m :ite p ( ! ,s\? saw 9 ! movem5t to tea* "y ,negroes ! necessity & hon\r ( "w ) ! h&s a means ( lead+ !m gradually & s5sibly into _! new life ( fre$om1 )\t too sudd5 a transition f "o extreme to ! o!r4 ,!y p]ceiv$1 too1 t ! ,negroes :o 7 ma/] c>p5t]s & contractors "u ! guidance ( _! own]s c\ld greatly fur!r ! developm5t ( ! ,s\? if _! *ildr5 7 n too sudd5ly remov$ f ! atmosph]e & occupations ( _! fa!rs1 b taught to use ! ?+ 9 h& z a f\ndation = /ill high] gr[?4 ,"s 7 f>-sight$ en\gh to see t indu/rial education w\ld enable "o g5]ation to secure economic indep5d5ce1 & ! next1 on ?is f\ndation1 to obta9 a m ab/ract education1 if desir$4 ,! individual & community int]e/ ( ! :ite p 0 directly appeal$ to by indu/rial education4 ,!y p]ceiv$ t intellig5ce1 c\pl$ ) skill1 w\ld add weal?1 9 :i* bo? races w\ld increas+ly %>e1 to ! community & to ! ,/ate4 ,:ile crude lab\r c\ld be manag$ & made to "s degree pr(itable "u ! me?ods ( slav]y1 x c\ld n be s utilis$ 9 a /ate ( fre$om4 ,almo/ e :ite man 9 ! ,s\? 0 directly int]e/$ 9 agricultural1 me*anical1 or o!r manual lab\r2 9 ! cook+ & s]v+ ( food1 laund]+ & dairy+1 p\ltry-rais+1 & ev]y?+ relat$ to h\sekeep+ 9 g5]al4 ,!re 0 no family ^: int]e/ 9 intellig5t & skillful nurs+ 0 n n[ & !n quick5$ by ! pres5ce ( a tra9$ nurse4 ,!re=e !re came to be gr[+ appreciation ( ! fact t indu/rial education ( ! black p _h a practical & vital be>+ on ! life ( e :ite family 9 ! ,s\?4 ,!re 0 little opportunity = su* appreciation ( ! results ( m]e lit]>y education4 ,if a black man became a lawy]1 a doctor1 a m9i/]1 or an ord9>y tea*]1 8 pr(essional duties w\ld n ord9>ily br+ him 9 t\* ) ! :ite portion ( ! community1 b r conf9e him to 8 own race4 ,:ile pr(essional education 0 n oppos$ by ! :ite ,s\? z a :ole1 x ar\s$ little or no int]e/1 beyond a confus$ hope t x w\ld produce a bett] & high] type ( ,negro manhood4 ,indu/rial education1 h[ev]1 soon recomm5d$ itself to ! :ite ,s\?1 :5 !y saw ! ,negro n only /udy+ *emi/ry1 b its applications to agriculture1 cook+1 & dairy+2 n m]ely geometry & physics1 b _! application to blacksmi?+1 brickmak+1 f>m+1 & :at n4 ,a common bond at once appe>$ betwe5 ! two races & betwe5 ! ,nor? & ! ,s\?4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cutt+ ,,sug>-,,cane ,,on ,,! ,,s*ool',s ,,f>m ,a class ( p 9 ! ,s\? also fav\r$ indu/rial education because !y saw t z long z ! ,negro kept abrea/ 9 intellig5ce & skill ) ! same class ( workm5 else:]e1 ! ,s\?1 at pres5t free f ! grip ( ! trade union1 w\ld cont9ue free f its re/rictive influ5ces4 ,i %\ld l to make a div]sion "h to call att5tion to ! fact t (ficial records %[ t )9 "o ye> ab\t "o million =eign]s came into ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 yet practically none ( ! immigration w5t into ! ,s\!rn ,/ates4 ,! records %[ t 9 #ahib only #b1bgh all told w5t into ! ,/ates ( ,alabama1 ,arkansas1 ,georgia1 ,k5tucky1 ,mississippi1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 ,t5nessee1 & ,virg9ia4 ,"o %ip sometimes br+s z _m z ^! to ,new ,york 9 "o trip4 ,=eign]s avoid ! ,s\?4 ,x mu/ be frankly recognis$ by ! p ( t section t = a long p]iod !y mu/ dep5d ^u ! black man to d = x :at ! =eign] is do+ = ! ,great ,we/1 & t !y _c hope to keep pace ) ! progress ( p 9 o!r sections if "o-?ird ( ! population is ignorant & )\t skill4 ,if ! ,s\? does n help ! ,negro up1 x w be ty+ itself to a body ( dea?4 ,if by reason ( 8 skill & k "o man 9 ,i[a c produce z mu* corn 9 a season z f\r m5 c produce 9 ,alabama1 x requires little reason+ to see t ,alabama w buy mo/ ( h] corn f ,i[a4 ,an in/ance :i* illu/rates mo/ int]e/+ly ! value ( education t conc]ns itself ) ! common ?+s ab\t u1 is furni%$ by ,pr(essor ,geo4 ,w4 ,c>v]1 ! ,director ( our ,agricultural ,dep>tm5t4 ,= "s "t x has be5 8 cu/om to prep>e articles conta9+ in=mation conc]n+ ! condition ( local crops1 & w>n+ ! f>m]s aga9/ ! ravages ( c]ta9 diseases & insects4 ,"s mon?s ago a :ite l&hold] 9 ,montgom]y ,c\nty ask$ ,mr4 ,c>v] to inspect 8 f>m4 ,:ile do+ s1 ,mr4 ,c>v] discov]$ traces ( :at he ?\ght 0 a valuable m9]al deposit us$ 9 mak+ a c]ta9 k9d ( pa9t4 ,! int]e/s ( ! agricultural exp]t & ! l&hold] at once became mutual4 ,mr4 ,c>v] analys$ specim5s ( ! deposits 9 ! laboratory at ,tuskegee & s5t ! own] a report ( ! analysis1 ) a /atem5t ( ! comm]cial application & value ( ! m9]al4 ,x is an int]e/+ fact t two previ\s analyses _h be5 made by *emi/s :o _h tabulat$ ! con/itu5ts ) greate/ accuracy1 b fail$ to grasp any idea ( value 9 ! deposits4 ,i ne$ n g into ! details ( ?is /ory1 except to say t a /ock company1 compos$ ( "s ( ! be/ :ite p 9 ,alabama1 has be5 organis$1 & is n[ prep>+ to build a factory = ! purpose ( putt+ ! product on ! m>ket4 ,i h>dly ne$ add t ,mr4 ,c>v] has be5 freely consult$ at e /ep1 & t 8 s]vices h be5 g5]\sly recognis$ 9 ! organisation ( ! conc]n4 ,n[ & !n my advocacy ( indu/rial education has be5 int]pret$ to mean t ,i am oppos$ to :at is call$ high] or m intellectual tra9+4 ,?is di/orts my real mean+4 ,all su* tra9+ has its place & value 9 ! developm5t ( a race4 ,m]e tra9+ ( ! h& )\t m5tal & moral education w\ld mean little = ! welf>e ( any race4 ,all are vital factors 9 a h>moni\s plan4 ,b1 :ile ,i d n propose t e individual %\ld h h& tra9+1 ,i d say t 9 all my contact ) m5 ,i h nev] met "o :o _h le>n$ a trade 9 y\? & regrett$ x 9 manhood1 nor h ,i ev] se5 a fa!r or "m :o 0 sorry t 8 *ildr5 _h be5 taught trades4 ,!re is /ill d\bt 9 _m qu>t]s z to ! ability ( ! ,negro1 unguid$1 & unsupport$1 to hew out 8 own pa?1 & put into visible1 tangible1 indisputable =ms ! products & signs ( civilisation4 ,?is d\bt _c be ext+ui%$ by m]e ab/ract argum5ts1 no matt] h[ +5i\sly & conv9c+ly advanc$4 ,quietly1 pati5tly1 dogg$ly1 ?r\gh summ] & w9t]1 sun%9e & %ad[1 by self-sacrifice1 by =esight1 by hone/y & indu/ry1 we mu/ re-en=ce argum5ts ) results4 ,"o f>m b\ght1 "o h\se built1 "o home neatly kept1 "o man ! l>ge/ tax-pay] & depositor 9 ! local bank1 "o s*ool or *ur* ma9ta9$1 "o factory runn+ successfully1 "o truck-g>d5 pr(itably cultivat$1 "o pati5t cur$ by a ,negro doctor1 "o s]mon well prea*$1 "o (fice well fill$1 "o life cleanly liv$--^! w tell m 9 our fav\r ?an all ! ab/ract eloqu5ce t c be summon$ to plead our cause4 ,our pa?way mu/ be up ?r\gh ! soil1 up ?r\gh swamps1 up ?r\gh =e/s1 up ?r\gh ! /reams & rocks2 up ?r\gh comm]ce1 education1 & religion6 ,9 my op9ion we _c beg9 at ! top to build a race1 any m ?an we c beg9 at ! top to build a h\se4 ,if we try to d ?is1 we %all reap 9 ! end ! fruits ( our folly4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,a ,,battle ,,aga9/ ,,prejudice ,:5 ! fir/ few /ud5ts began to come to ,tuskegee ,i fac$ ^! que/ions :i* 7 inspir$ by my p]sonal k ( _! lives & surr\nd+s3 ,:at c ^! "y m5 & wom5 f9d to d :5 !y return to _! homes8 ,:at are ! indu/ries 9 :i* !y & _! p>5ts h be5 support+ !mselves8 ,! answ]s 7 n always to my lik+1 b ?is 0 n ! po9t at issue4 ,i _h to meet a condition1 n a !ory4 ,:at ,i might h want$ !m to be do+ 0 "o ?+2 :at !y 7 actually do+ 0 ! b$-rock ^u :i* ,i hop$ to lay ! f\ndation ( ! "w at ,tuskegee4 ,x 0 kn[n t a l>ge majority ( ! /ud5ts came f agricultural di/ricts & f homes 9 :i* agriculture 9 "s =m 0 ! ma9/ay ( ! family4 ,i _h le>n$ t ne>ly eighty p] c5t ( ! population ( :at are commonly call$ ! ,gulf ,/ates are dep5d5t ^u agricultural res\rces1 directly or indirectly4 ,^! facts made me resolve to attempt 9 d[nright e>ne/ to see :at ! ,tuskegee ,in/itute c\ld d = ! p ( my race by tea*+ ! intellig5t use ( h&s & bra9s on ! f>m1 n by !oris+1 b by practical ef=t4 ,! me?ods 9 vogue = gett+ en\gh out ( ! soil to keep body & s\l toge!r 7 crude 9 ! extreme4 ,! p !mselves ref]r$ to ?is he>t-break+ ef=t z mak+ a liv+4 ,i want$ to tea* !m h[ to make m ?an a liv+4 ,i h little respect = ! f>m] :o is satisfi$ ) m]ely mak+ a liv+4 ,x is h>dly possible t agricultural life w become attractive & satisfactory to ambiti\s "y m5 or wom5 9 ! ,s\? until f>m+ c be made z lucrative !re z 9 o!r p>ts ( ! c\ntry :]e ! f>m] c be reasonably sure ( be+ able to place some?+ 9 ! bank at ! end ( ! ye>4 ,= ! "y f>m] to be cont5t$ he mu/ be able to look =w>d to own+ ! l& t he cultivates1 & f :i* he may lat] d]ive n only all ! necessities ( life1 b "s ( ! com=ts & conv5i5ces4 ,! f>m] mu/ be help$ to get to ! po9t :]e he c h a com=table dwell+-h\se1 & 9 x ba?tubs1 c>pets1 rugs1 pictures1 books1 magaz9es1 a daily pap]1 & a telephone4 ,he mu/ be help$ to *]i% ! possibility t he & 8 family w h "t = /udy & inve/igation1 & a little "t ea* ye> = travel & recreation1 & = att5d+ lectures & conc]ts4 ,illu/ration3 ,,gr9d+ ,,sug>-,,cane ,,at ,,! ,,s*ool',s ,,sug>-,,mill ,b ! av]age f>m] :om ,i want$ to help ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! ,tuskegee ,in/itute 0 f> f ?is condition4 ,i f\nd t mo/ ( ! f>m]s 9 ! ,gulf ,/ates cultivat$ cotton4 ,little or no?+ 9 ! =m ( /ock or f[ls1 fruits1 vegetables1 or gra9 0 rais$ = food4 ,9 ord] to get ! food on :i* man & live /ock 7 to live :ile ! cotton crop 0 be+ gr[n1 a mortgage or li5 _h to be giv5 ^u ! crop1 or r ^u ! expect$ crop1 = ! legal pap]s 7 usually sign$ mon?s 9 advance ( ! plant+ ( ! crop4 ,cotton 9 ! ,s\? has be5 kn[n = ye>s z ! money crop4 ,?is means t x is ! "o product f :i* ca% may be expect$ )\t "q z soon z ! crop is h>ve/$4 ,! result ( ?is sy/em has be5 to disc\rage rais+ any?+ except cotton1 = ! man :o holds ! mortgage ^u ! crop disc\rages1 & 9 "s cases prev5ts1 ! f>m] f giv+ mu* ( 8 "t & /r5g? to ! gr[+ ( any?+ except cotton1 s9ce ! money-l5d] is n sure t he c get 8 money back f any o!r crop4 ,! result ( ?is has be5 t1 beg9n+ 9 ,janu>y1 ! f>m] _h to g to ! /ore or to ! money-l5d] = practically all ( 8 food dur+ ! ye>4 ,! rate ( int]e/ :i* ! f>m] _h to pay on 8 advances 0 9 _m cases enorm\s4 ,! f>m] usually got 8 advances or provisions f a /orekeep]4 ,! /orekeep] 9 turn borr[$ money f ! local bank4 ,! bank1 z a g5]al ?+1 borr[$ f ,new ,york4 ,by ! "t ! money rea*$ ! f>m] he _h to pay 9 n a few cases a rate ( int]e/ :i* rang$ f #ae to #cj p] c5t4 ,if he fail$ to make 8 paym5t at ! end ( ! ye> he 0 likely to be clean$ up--t is1 ev]y?+ 9 sight 9 ! way ( crops or live /ock 0 tak5 f him4 ,aft] be+ clean$ up he w\ld ei!r try to make ano!r crop on ! same r5t$ f>m--tru/+ to ,provid5ce or ! wea!r = bett] luck--or else move to ano!r f>m & g 9 se>* ( "s "o else to run him1 z ! local expression describes ! process4 ,n a few ( ! f>m]s :om ,i met _h be5 clean$ up half a doz5 times or m4 ,9 addition to hav+ to pay ! high rate ( int]e/ = food supplies & clo?+ advanc$1 ! gr\nd r5t 0 also to be paid4 ,by f> ! great] "p ( ! l& 0 r5t$4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 _h a hurtful effect4 ,because ! man :o till$ ! l& did n own x1 8 ma9 object 0 to get all he c\ld out ( ! prop]ty & return to x z little z possible4 ,! results 7 %[n 9 ! wret*$ cab9s & surr\nd+s4 ,if a f5ce 0 out ( repair1 or ! ro( ( ! h\se leak$1 ! t5ant _h no p]sonal int]e/ 9 keep+ up ! premises1 because he 0 always expect+ to move1 & he did n want to sp5d money ^u ! prop]ty ( o!r p4 ,in/ead ( return+ ! cotton-se$ to ! gr\nd to help enri* ! soil1 he sold ?is valuable f]tilis]4 ,! l&1 ( c\rse1 0 m impov]i%$ ea* ye>4 ,dit*+ & t]rac+ receiv$ little att5tion4 ,! mules ) :i* ! crops 7 made 7 r5t$ or 7 be+ b\ght on "t1 z a rule1 & ! f>m] did n h en\gh direct int]e/ 9 !m to enc\rage him to sp5d money 9 keep+ !m 9 prime condition4 ,besides1 ! food f$ to ! animals 0 n rais$ on ! place1 b _h to be b\ght4 ,ano!r s]i\s result ( ! "o-crop sy/em 0 t ! f>m]s h&l$ almo/ no ca% except 9 ! fall4 ,to ! ignorant & inexp]i5c$ m5 ( my race ?is 0 hurtful4 ,if by any *ance !y 7 able to pay _! gr\nd r5t1 & ! pr9cipal & exorbitant int]e/ *>g$ = _! advances1 & h a few doll>s 9 ca% left1 ! money did n rema9 ) !m long1 = x came into _! h&s ab\t ,*ri/mas "t1 :5 ! temptation to sp5d x = :isky1 *eap jewelry1 *eap buggies1 & su* unpr(itable articles 0 too /rong to be resi/$4 ,_h ! same value be5 9 ! h&s ( ! f>m] 9 ! =m ( corn1 vegetables1 fruit1 /ock1 or f[ls x w\ld h be5 n only less likely to be wa/$1 b x w\ld also h be5 available = ! f>m] & 8 family dur+ ! :ole or ! great] "p ( ! ye>4 ,! conditions :i* ,i h describ$ _h a disc\rag+ effect ^u _m p :o tri$ to get _! liv+ f ! soil4 ,z numb]s ( !m express$ x to me1 if !y work$ h>d dur+ ! ye> !y came out at ! end 9 debt1 & if !y did n "w !y f\nd !mselves 9 debt anyh[4 ,"s w5t s f> z to p]=m only suffici5t "w to make a %[ ( rais+ en\gh cotton on :i* to get advances dur+ ! ye>1 ) no ?\ght ( ridd+ !mselves ( debt or ( com+ out ahead4 ,not)/&+ ^! conditions1 !re 7 in/ances ea* ye> ( individuals :o triumph$ ov] all ^! difficulties & disc\ragem5ts & came out ) consid]able money or cotton to _! cr$it4 ,^! m5 soon got to ! po9t :]e !y c\ld beg9 to buy _! own homes4 ,9 ju/ice to ! class ( m5 9 ! ,s\? :o advance money or provisions ea* ye> to ! f>m]s1 ,i ought to say t _m ( !m deplore ! /ate ( affairs to :i* ,i h ref]r$ z mu* z any "o1 b ) !m x is simply a sy/em ( l5d+ money on unc]ta9 security4 ,if ^! advances 7 n made1 9 _m in/ances ! f>m]s & _! families w\ld />ve4 ,! av]age m]*ant pref]s to deal ) ! man :o owns 8 l& & c pay ca% = 8 goods1 b ! _m ramifications ( ! mortgage sy/em make bo? ! f>m] & ! money-l5d] slaves to ! "o-crop plan4 ,if cotton fails1 or if ! t5ant ab&ons ! crop be=e x is matur$1 ! money-l5d] is b\nd to lose4 ,bo? ) ! f>m] & ! money-l5d] x has be5 l ! old /ory ( ! man hugg+ ! be>1 ea* desp]ately anxi\s to f9d a way to get free4 ,f ! fir/ ,i 0 pa9fully consci\s ( ! fact t ,i c\ld d v little ?r\gh ! "w ( ! ,tuskegee ,in/itute to help ! situation1 b ,i 0 det]m9$ to make an ef=t to d :at ,i c\ld4 ,_m ( my own race _h be5 r$uc$ to disc\ragem5t & despair4 ,be=e ! s*ool c\ld beg9 its practical help ,i sp5t all ! "t t c\ld be sp>$ 9 go+ ab\t among ! p1 hold+ meet+s1 & talk+ ) individual lead]s1 to ar\se _! ambition1 & inspire 9 !m hope & confid5ce4 ,my fir/ ef=t 0 to try to help ! masses ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! ?+ t 0 ne>e/ to !m1 & 9 :i* !y _h ! mo/ vital & practical int]e/4 ,i knew t if we c\ld tea* a man's son to raise =ty bu%els ( corn on an acre ( gr\nd :i* _h be=e produc$ b tw5ty bu%els1 & if he c\ld be taught to raise ?is corn ) less lab\r ?an be=e1 we %\ld ga9 ! confid5ce & sympa?y ( t boy's fa!r at once4 ,9 ?is connection ,i h (t5 ?\ght t mission>ies 9 =eign c\ntries w\ld make great] progress if at fir/ m emphasis 7 plac$ ^u ! indu/rial & mat]ial side ?an ^u ! purely spiritual side ( education4 ,almo/ any hea!n family w\ld1 ,i believe1 appreciate at once ! diff]5ce betwe5 a %ack & a com=table h\se1 :ile x might require ye>s to make !m appreciate ! tru?s ( ! ,bible4 ,?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! home ! he>t c\ld be rea*$4 ,n long ago ,i 0 ask$ by a mission>y :o 0 go+ into a =eign field :at1 9 my op9ion1 he ought to tea* ! p1 & h[ he ought to beg94 ,i ask$ him :at ! pr9cipal occupation ( ! p 0 among :om he 0 go+1 & he repli$ t x 0 ! rais+ ( %eep4 ,i advis$ him1 !n1 to beg9 8 mission>y "w by tea*+ ! p h[ to raise m %eep ?an !y 7 rais+ & bett] %eep1 & said t ,i ?\ght ! p w\ld soon decide t a man :o c\ld excel !m 9 ! rais+ ( %eep might also excel !m 9 ! matt] ( religion1 & t ?us ! f\ndation = effectual mission "w might be laid4 ,! fir/ few /ud5ts ( our s*ool came l>gely f ! f>m+ di/ricts4 ,! e>lie/ ne$ at ! ,tuskegee ,s*ool 0 food = tea*]s & /ud5ts4 ,i said3 ,let u raise ?is food1 & :ile do+ s tea* ! /ud5ts ! late/ & be/ me?ods ( f>m+4 ,at ! same "t we c\ld tea* !m ! dignity & advantages ( f>m life & ( "w ) _! h&s4 ,x 0 easy to see ! reasons = do+ ?is1 & easy to resolve to d x1 b ,i soon f\nd t !re 7 sev]al /ubborn & s]i\s difficulties to be ov]come4 ,! fir/ & p]haps ! h>de/ ( ^! 0 to conqu] ! idea1 by no means conf9$ to my race1 t a s*ool 0 a place :]e "o 0 expect$ to d no?+ b /udy books2 :]e "o 0 expect$ n to /udy ?+s1 b to /udy ab\t ?+s4 ,lea/ ( all did ! /ud5ts feel t a s*ool 0 a place :]e "o w\ld be taught actually to d ?+s4 ,aside f ?is1 ! /ud5ts _h a v g5]al idea t "w ) ! h&s 0 9 a l>ge measure disgraceful1 & t !y want$ to get an education because education 0 some?+ :i* 0 meant to enable p to live )\t h& "w4 ,9 addition to ! objections nam$1 ,i f\nd t :5 ,i began to speak v g5tly & ev5 cauti\sly to ! /ud5ts ab\t ! plan ( tea*+ !m to "w on ! f>m1 two o!r objections manife/$ !mselves ) m or less emphasis4 ,"o 0 t mo/ ( ! /ud5ts want$ to get out ( ! c\ntry into a t[n or a city1 & ! o!r t _m ( !m said !y 7 anxi\s to prep>e !mselves = "s k9d ( pr(essional life1 & t !y !re=e did n ne$ ! f>m "w4 ,! mo/ s]i\s ob/acle1 h[ev]1 0 ! argum5t t s9ce !y & _! p>5ts = g5]ations back _h till$ ! soil1 !y knew all !re 0 to be kn[n ab\t f>m+1 & did n ne$ to be taught any m ab\t x :ile 9 s*ool4 ,^! objections on ! "p ( ! /ud5ts 7 re9=c$ by ! p>5ts ( _m ( !m4 ,n a few ( ! fa!rs & mo!rs urg$ t because ! race _h be5 work$ = two hundr$ & fifty ye>s or m1 n[ x ought to h a *ance to re/4 ,) all ( my e>ne/ness & argum5t ,i 0 unable 9 ! e>li] ye>s ( ! s*ool to conv]t all ! p>5ts & /ud5ts to my way ( ?9k+1 & = ?is reason _m ( ! /ud5ts w5t home ( _! own accord or 7 tak5 home by _! p>5ts4 ,none ( ^! ?+s1 h[ev]1 turn$ ! s*ool aside f do+ ! ?+s :i* we 7 conv9c$ ! p mo/ ne$$ to h done = !m4 ,i %all always rememb] ! day :5 we decid$ actually to beg9 ! tea*+ ( f>m+--n out ( books1 b by real & tangible "w4 ,9 ! morn+ ,i expla9$ to ! "y m5 our ne$ ( food to eat1 & ! desire ( ! s*ool to tea* !m to "w ) _! h&s4 ,i told !m t we w\ld beg9 ) ! f>m1 because t 0 ! mo/ important ne$4 ,! "y m5 7 greatly surpris$ :5 ! h\r came to beg9 "w to f9d me pres5t ) my coat (f1 ready to beg9 digg+ up /umps & cle>+ ! l&4 ,z my fir/ reque/ 0 m 9 ! =m ( an invitation ?an a comm&1 ,i f\nd t only a few report$ = "w4 ,i soon le>n$1 too1 t ^! few 7 a%am$ to h any "o see !m at "w4 ,aft] we _h put 9 sev]al h\rs ( vigor\s toil ,i notic$ t _! int]e/ began to gr[1 because !y came to realise t x 0 n my f>m !y 7 help+ to cultivate1 b t x belong$ to ! s*ool1 9 :i* we all _h a common int]e/4 ,! next aft]noon a l>g] numb] report$ = duty4 ,!y 7 /ill %y ab\t hav+ any "o see !m at "w1 h[ev]1 & 7 especially timor\s at ! idea ( be+ caught 9 ! field by ! girl /ud5ts4 ,gradually1 ye> by ye>1 ! difficulties :i* ,i h enum]at$ began to melt away1 b n )\t con/ant ef=t & v try+ emb>rassm5ts4 ,x soon became evid5t t ! /ud5ts _h practical k ( only "o indu/ry1 & t 0 ! cultivation ( cotton 9 ! mann] 9 :i* x _h be5 gr[n by _! fa!rs = ye>s4 ,ano!r defect soon became evid5t1 & t 0 t !y _h little idea ( c>+ = tools or live /ock4 ,pl[s1 hoes1 & o!r f>m+ implem5ts 7 left 9 ! field :]e !y 7 la/ us$4 ,if quitt+ "t came :5 ! hoe 0 be+ us$ 9 ! middle ( a field or at ! end ( a r[1 ! tool rema9$ !re ov] night4 ,:]e ! la/ pl[+ 9 ! fall 0 done1 !re ! pl[ w\ld mo/ likely sp5d ! w9t]4 ,no bett] c>e ?an ?is 0 giv5 to wagons or h>ness1 & mules & horses %>$ ?is imp>tial neglect4 ,x 0 ! cu/om 9 ! e>li] days ( ! s*ool--z x is n[--= /ud5ts & tea*]s to assemble 9 ! ev5+ = pray]s4 ,aft] consid]able ineffective ef=t to tea* ! /ud5ts to put _! implem5ts away prop]ly at night1 ,i caus$ a mild s5sation at ev5+ pray]s by call+ ! names ( ?ree /ud5ts :o _h left _! implem5ts 9 ! field4 ,i said t ^! ?ree /ud5ts w\ld be excus$ f ! room to att5d to ?is duty1 & t we w\ld n proce$ ) ! s]vice until _! return1 & t ,i felt sure !y w\ld be m b5efit$ by pray] & song aft] hav+ done _! "w well ?an by leav+ x poorly done4 ,a few lessons ( ?is k9d began to "w a notable bett]m5t 9 ! c>e ) :i* ! /ud5ts look$ aft] _! implem5ts1 & att5d$ to o!r details ( _! daily r\nd4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,repair ,,%op ,all ( ! brok5 furniture ( ! s*ool is m5d$ "h ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,mak+ ,,education ,,pay ,,its ,,way ,i _c emphasise too (t5 ! fact t my exp]i5ce 9 build+ up ! ,tuskegee ,in/itute has taught me ye> by ye> ! value ( h& "w 9 ! build+ ( "*4 ,i h frequ5tly f\nd "o concrete1 def9ite example illu/rat+ ! diff]5ce betwe5 "r & wrong wor? m ?an h\rs ( ab/ract lectur+ on morality4 ,i h told girls _m times t a di% is ei!r ?or\ghly wa%$ & dri$ or x is n4 ,if a ?+ is n well done1 x is poorly done4 ,fur!rmore1 ,i h taught our girls f ! beg9n+ ( ?is s*ool t a /ud5t :o receives pay = prop]ly att5d+ to di%es1 & does h] "w poorly1 is guilty ( two wrongs4 ,%e is guilty ( falsehood & guilty ( receiv+ money = do+ some?+ :i* %e has n done4 ,?is lesson taught 9 ! kit*51 ) ! c>elessly clean$ ut5sil 9 evid5ce z an illu/ration1 has a p[] t is h>d to resi/4 ,j s ! implem5t left 9 ! field ov] night has _m times be5 made to tea* ! same lessons--( w>n+ aga9/ untru? & di%one/y4 ,leav+ x !re 0 untru?ful1 because ! /ud5t _h said by 8 action t he _h prop]ly p]=m$ ! "w ( ! day2 x 0 di%one/ because ! s*ool _h be5 robb$ ( a portion ( ! value ( ! implem5t by reason ( ! ra9 & dew fall+ on x & caus+ x to ru/ & depreciate 9 value4 ,9 ! beg9n+ our me?ods ( in/ruction 9 f>m+ 7 primitive & crude1 b mon? by mon?1 & ye> by ye>1 /eady gr[? enc\rag$ our ef=ts4 ,"o difficulty to :i* ,i h n ref]r$ 0 t ! l& on :i* we began "w 0 n ! ri*e/ 9 ! _w4 ,:5 att5tion 0 call$ by ! /ud5ts & o!rs to ! poor quality ( ! soil1 ,i repli$ t poor soil 0 ! be/ 9 :i* to beg9 ! tea*+ ( agriculture1 because ?is w\ld give u an opportunity to le>n to make poor l& ri*4 ,i told !m also t if we c\ld tea* ! /ud5ts h[ to cultivate poor l& pr(itably !y w\ld h little difficulty 9 mak+ m ?an a liv+ ^u fairly good or ri* soil4 ,ap>t f ! problems f\nd on ! s*ool gr\nds1 our me?ods 7 at fir/ misund]/ood by s*ool (ficials 9 high au?ority ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry1 & our aims 7 n appreciat$ by o!r s*ools e/abli%$ 9 ! ,s\? = ! education ( my race4 ,i rememb] t aft] ,i _h spok5 = an h\r at a meet+ ( a ,/ate ,tea*]s' ,association1 try+ to expla9 ! mean+ & advantages ( indu/rial education or h& "w1 a tea*] arose & ask$ ! ,/ate sup]9t5d5t1 :o 0 pres5t1 a v simple "q reg>d+ ! subject4 ,! sup]9t5d5t repli$ t he w\ld h to ref] ! "q to me1 z ! subject 0 "o t he _h nev] he>d discuss$ be=e4 ,x happ5$ occasionally t /ud5ts on _! way to ! ,tuskegee ,in/itute 7 ask$ if !y 7 go+ to an ox-driv+ s*ool1 ! "q imply+1 ,i suppose1 t ! ma9 ?+ taught at ,tuskegee 0 ox-driv+4 ,our critics1 h[ev]1 did n "k t at ! "t we 7 too poor to own ox51 & t on our little f>m we _h no?+ 9 ! way ( draught animals except "o poor bl9d horse :i* a :ite fri5d 9 ,tuskegee _h giv5 u4 ,dur+ ! fir/ ye> ! tra9+ 9 agriculture on ! s*ool f>m consi/$ ( ab\t two h\rs ( "w daily = ea* ( ! "y m5 /ud5ts1 ! rema9+ "t be+ sp5t 9 ! class rooms4 ,! outdoor p]iod1 dur+ ! fir/ s*ool session1 0 mo/ly sp5t 9 grubb+ up /umps1 fell+ trees1 build+ f5ces1 mak+ dit*es1 & 9 pl[+ ! gr\nd prep>atory to plant+ a little crop4 ,we _h few implem5ts ) :i* to d ?is "w1 & mo/ ( ^! 7 borr[$4 ,! read] w realise h[ h>d x mu/ h be5 "u ^! conditions to make ! /ud5t feel t he 0 acquir+ new k ( f>m life4 ,z ,i recall x n[1 ,i am sure t ! ma9 ?+ t we 7 able to tea* ! /ud5ts 9 ^? e>ly days 0 t book education did n mean a divorce f "w ) ! h&s4 ,gradually we 7 able to secure m l& = f>m+ purposes & to cultivate :at we did h to bett] advantage4 ,z ! s*ool grew1 we le>n$ m ab\t ! prop] f]tilisation ( ! soil1 & h[ to use labor-sav+ ma*9]y m effectively4 ,x 0 surpris+ to note h[ _m ( ! /ud5ts believ$ t f>m lab\r mu/ f its v nature be h>d1 & t x 0 n q ! prop] ?+ to use too mu* lab\r-sav+ ma*9]y4 ,inde$1 _m ( ! :ite plant]s 9 c]ta9 sections ( ! ,s\? h until rec5tly refus$ to enc\rage ! use ( mu* agricultural ma*9]y1 = ! reason1 z !y /at$ x1 t su* assi/ance w\ld spoil ! ,negro f>m h&s4 ,= "s ye>s ! ,tuskegee ,in/itute did n escape ?is *>ge4 ,z our dep>tm5t ( f>m+ grew f mon? to mon?1 ,i 0 n afraid to let x be kn[n t ,i felt c]ta9 t "o result ( any prop] sy/em ( h& tra9+ 0 to spoil1 or get rid (1 ! ord9>y f>m h&4 ,if "o w /udy ! indu/rial developm5t ( ! ,s\?1 he w be =c$ to ! conclusion t "o ( ! factors t has mo/ ret>d$ its progress has be5 & is ! f>m h&4 ,?is individual has too long controll$ ! agriculture ( ! ,s\?4 ,) few exceptions1 he is ignorant & unskill$1 ) little consci5ce4 ,he seldom owns ! l& :i* he pret5ds or tries to cultivate4 ,too (t5 he is a p]son :o has no p]man5t abid+ place1 & if he has "o x is probably a mis]able "o-room cab94 ,! f>m h& c be hir$ = f =ty to sixty c5ts a day4 ,9 fact1 ,i h kn[n ( cases :]e su* m5 7 hir$ = tw5ty-five c5ts a day & _! bo>d2 & !y 7 v de> help ev5 at t price4 ,illu/ration3 ,,9 ,,! ,,agricultural ,,laboratory ,i believe t mo/ ( ! worn-out & wa/$ fields1 ! poor /ock1 ! run-d[n f5ces1 ! lo/ & brok5 f>m tools & ma*9]y1 z well z ! poor crops1 are *>geable to ! f>m h& :om1 ,i h be5 w>n$ s _m times1 ,i mu/ be c>eful n to spoil4 ,su* a man is too ignorant to "k :at is go+ on 9 ! _w 9 progressive agriculture4 ,he is )\t skill to su* an ext5t t he kn[s almo/ no?+ ab\t sett+ up & op]at+ lab\r-sav+ ma*9]y4 ,8 consci5ce has n be5 tra9$1 & h5ce he has little idea ( giv+ an hone/ day's lab\r = a day's pay1 & ( do+ unto o!rs 9 matt]s ( lab\r z he w\ld h o!rs d unto him4 ,x w be se5 at a glance t su* a work] 9 ! soil z ?is _c compete ) ! f>m] ( ! ,nor?we/1 :o owns ! l& t he cultivates1 :o is intellig5t1 & :o uses ! late/ improv$ f>m ma*9]y4 ,"o su* man is wor? z mu* to ! g5]al indu/rial int]e/s ( a c\ntry z ?ree f>m h&s4 ,no c\ntry c be v prosp]\s unless ! p :o cultivate ! soil own x & live on x4 ,i repeat1 !n1 t "o ( my fir/ ?\ghts 9 beg9n+ agricultural tra9+ at ! ,tuskegee ,in/itute 0 to help to replace ! f>m h& ( ! ,s\? ) some?+ bett]4 ,z an illu/ration ( ! ne$ ( new ideas 9 f>m+1 & ( ! effect t ! long-cont9u$ cultivation ( a s+le crop has ^u ! till]1 ,i rememb] t "s ye>s ago ,i invit$ a f>m] into my (fice & expla9$ to him 9 detail h[ he c\ld make ?irty doll>s an acre on 8 l& if he w\ld plant a portion ( x 9 sweet potatoes1 :]eas if he plant$ cotton1 z he _h be5 do+ = ye>s1 he c\ld make only fifte5 doll>s p] acre 9 ! be/ season4 ,z ,i expla9$ ! diff]5ce1 /ep by /ep1 he agre$ ) me at e po9t1 & :5 ,i came ne> to ! end ( my argum5t ,i began to congratulate myself t ,i _h conv]t$ at lea/ "o man f ! "o-crop sy/em to bett] me?ods4 ,f9ally1 ) :at ,i fe> 0 ! air ( "o :o felt t he _h won 8 case1 ,i ask$ ! f>m] :at he 0 go+ to cultivate on 8 l& ! com+ ye>4 ,! old fell[ scrat*$ 8 head1 & said t z he 0 gett+ old1 & _h be5 gr[+ cotton all 8 life1 he reckon$ he w\ld gr[ x to ! end ( 8 few rema9+ ye>s1 al?\gh he agre$ ) me t he c\ld d\ble ! product ( 8 l& by plant+ sweet potatoes on x4 ,soon aft] we _h succe$$ 9 cle>+ ! trees & /umps f a few acres ( gr\nd1 we plant$ a small crop4 ,?is crop1 z ,i h /at$1 0 n v diff]5t f o!rs :i* ! /ud5ts _h se5 plant$ or _h tak5 "p 9 plant+ at _! homes1 because ! s*ool 0 poor 9 implem5ts & /ock4 ,! ma9 diff]5ce betwe5 our fir/ crop & ^? :i* ! /ud5ts _h come into contact ) at _! homes 0 t ours 0 to "s ext5t a div]sifi$ crop4 ,! increas+ numb] ( /ud5ts soon made x necess>y to increase ! acreage ( l& cultivat$4 ,9 ! fir/ few mon?s ( ! ,tuskegee ,in/itute ! /ud5ts bo>d$ 9 families4 ,?is made x difficult to get ! greate/ value out ( our f>m products4 ,p>tly to ov]come ?is1 we arrang$ to beg9 bo>d+ ! /ud5ts ^u ! s*ool gr\nds4 ,"h ano!r difficulty pres5t$ itself4 ,x 0 f\nd t a /ud5t w\ld be ( little value to ! f>m & w\ld ga9 v little 9 k & skill if he work$ only a few h\rs ea* day4 ,we discov]$ t1 aft] !re _h be5 subtract$ ! m9utes requir$ = him to rea* 8 "w1 get 8 tools1 & o!rwise prep>e himself1 little "t w\ld be left = gett+ actual results out ( ! soil4 ,9 ord] to ov]come ?is weakness 9 our sy/em1 we decid$ to foll[ 9 "s measure ! plan orig9at$ by ,g5]al ,arm/rong at ! ,hampton ,in/itute4 ,?is 0 to h ! /ud5ts /udy 9 ! class rooms dur+ f\r days ( ! week1 & "w on ! f>m two days4 ,! /ud5ts1 h[ev]1 = a long :ile ref]r$ to ^! two days z lo/ days4 ,x 0 (t5 amus+1 z well z int]e/+1 to note ! int5se fai? ( ! /ud5ts 9 _! books4 ,! l>g] ! book & ! bigg] ! words x conta9$1 ! m highly x 0 rev]$4 ,at ?is "t !re 7 almo/ no text-books :i* dealt ) indu/rial subjects4 ,= ?is reason1 any "o :o want$ to give in/ructions 9 su* bran*es _h1 9 a v l>ge measure1 to blaze 8 way4 ,! abs5ce ( text-books on ^! subjects made x all ! m difficult at fir/ to comb9e indu/rial & academic tea*+4 ,we p>tly solv$ ! problem by hav+ ! /ud5ts "w two days at "s indu/ry & /udy f\r days 9 ! s*ool-room4 ,we f\nd x advisable to consid] n only ! be/ sy/em ( tea*+ 9 our practical "w1 b ! economic values also4 ,we felt t x w\ld be possible to tea* ! /ud5ts ! late/ & be/ me?ods ( p]=m+ all k9ds ( h& "w1 & at ! same "t %[ !m ! dignity ( su* s]vice4 ,b 9 addition to ?is we want$ ! /ud5ts to d su* "w z !y c\ld ab\t ! s*ool1 "w :i* o!rwise w\ld h be5 done by hir$ m5 n connect$ ) ! in/itution4 ,illu/ration3 ,,road-,,build+ ,,by ,,tuskegee ,,/ud5ts ,we felt1 !re=e1 t ! fair ?+ to d w\ld be to arrange "s s*eme by :i* ! /ud5t w\ld receive comp5sation = all ! "w ( value :i* he did = ! s*ool4 ,?is we felt 0 n only j1 b w\ld emphasise ano!r valuable elem5t 9 tea*+4 ,! lack ( ?is economic emphasis ,i h always felt to be "o ( ! weak po9ts 9 manual tra9+4 ,to enable u to meet ?is condition1 we decid$ to h ! /ud5ts bo>d on ! s*ool gr\nds1 to *>ge !m eight doll>s p] mon? = _! bo>d1 & !n to give !m cr$it on _! bo>d-bills = all ! "w !y did :i* prov$ to h productive or money-sav+ value4 ,aside f ! economic results ( ! "w1 we knew t ! m]e ef=t on ! "p ( ! /ud5t to help himself ?r\gh s*ool by lab\r w\ld prev5t our mak+ hot-h\se plants ( our /ud5ts1 & w\ld prove wor? :ile 9 "* build+4 ,9 all cases paym5t = "w dep5d$ ^u ! individual ef=ts ( ! /ud5ts4 ,"o ( ! dom9at+ purposes kept always 9 m9d 0 to give ! /ud5t a *ance to help himself by means ( "s indu/ry4 ,9 ?is connection1 ,i beg to say t 9 my judgm5t ! :ole problem ( ! future ( my race h+es l>gely ^u ! "q3 ,to :at ext5t w ! ,negro1 :5 giv5 a *ance1 help himself1 & make himself indisp5sable to ! community 9 :i* he lives8 ,we soon le>n$ t 9 ! practical application ( our s*eme ! av]age /ud5t w\ld e>n f two to ?ree doll>s a mon? by work+ two days 9 ! week1 leav+ only five or six doll>s to be paid 9 ca%4 ,"s /ud5ts 7 s mu* 9 e>ne/ t !y work$ out m ?an half ( ! eight doll>s4 ,?is opportunity prov$ a gods5d to mo/ ( ! /ud5ts1 z v few ( !m 7 able to pay ! eight doll>s a mon? 9 ca% dur+ n9e mon?s ( ! ye>4 ,aside f o!r consid]ations1 we began to f9d out t we c\ld quickly te/ ! wor? ( a /ud5t by ! degree ( e>ne/ness :i* he ev9c$ 9 help+ himself ?r\gh lab\r ) 8 h&s4 ,aft] a little :ile1 _m ( ! /ud5ts began to take great pride 9 tell+ _! p>5ts at ! end ( ea* mon? h[ mu* !y _h help$ !mselves ?r\gh _! "w on ! f>m or 9 o!r indu/ries4 ,?is in=mation & en?usiasm came 9 "t to h its influ5ce 9 lead+ ! p>5ts to appreciate ! value ( h& tra9+4 ,z ! s*ool grew 9 size & exp]i5ce1 x became app>5t t we ought to f9d a way to help ! l>ge numb] ( "y m5 & wom5 :o 7 con/antly seek+ admission1 b :o _h no money ) :i* to pay any portion ( _! exp5ses4 ,we became conv9c$ t "s ( ! mo/ promis+ & wor?y /ud5ts 7 ^? :o came f ! c\ntry di/ricts1 :]e !y _h _h v few advantages ( book education4 ,!y _h little or no money1 b !y _h good /rong bodies1 & 7 n a%am$ to "w ) _! h&s4 ,9 rea*+ ?is class ( /ud5ts ,i f\nd t my exp]i5ce at ! ,hampton ,in/itute 0 ( great advantage4 ,we decid$ to />t a night s*ool = /ud5ts :o c\ld n af=d to g to s*ool 9 ! day "t4 ,! numb] :o avail$ !mselves ( ?is arrangem5t 0 v small at fir/4 ,we began by mak+ a writt5 contract ) ea* /ud5t to ! effect t he or %e 0 to "w dur+ ! :ole ( ! day at "s indu/ry1 & /udy 9 ! class room = two h\rs at night1 aft] ! day's "w 0 complet$4 ,9 ord] to put ?is plan ^u a s\nd basis1 ! foll[+ =m ( contract 0 sign$3 ,,tuskegee ,,normal ,,& ,,indu/rial ,,in/itute4 7,,incorporat$47 ,?is agreem5t1 made ! sev5te5? day ( ,octob]1 #aijb1 betwe5 ,james ,c4 ,black1 ( ! fir/ "p1 & ,book] ,t4 ,wa%+ton1 ,pr9cipal ( ,! ,tuskegee ,normal & ,indu/rial ,in/itute1 ( ! second "p1 ,witnesse?1 t ! said ,james ,c4 ,black has agre$ fai?fully1 c>efully & truly to s]ve ,! ,tuskegee ,normal & ,indu/rial ,in/itute1 9 :atev] capacity ! said ,book] ,t4 ,wa%+ton1 ,pr9cipal1 etc41 or ^? deput$ by him1 may designate1 f date h]e( to ! sev5te5? day ( ,octob]1 #aijd4 ,9 consid]ation ( s]vice to be r5d]$ by ,james ,c4 ,black1 ! said ,book] ,t4 ,wa%+ton1 ,pr9cipal1 etc41 has agre$ to all[ said ,james ,c4 ,black eight doll>s p] mon?1 provid$ he rema9s until ,octob] #ag1 #aijd2 o!rwise he has agre$ to pay him at ! rate ( "o-fif? ( t sum p] mon? = ! "t he may h be5 9 ! s]vice ( ,! ,tuskegee ,normal & ,indu/rial ,in/itute2 ?is latt] am\nt to include all am\nts :i* may h be5 *>g$ aga9/ said ,james ,c4 ,black4 ,x is agre$1 fur!r1 t ! am\nt e>n$ %all be res]v$ 9 ! h&s ( ! said ,book] ,t4 ,wa%+ton1 ,pr9cipal1 etc41 ! same to be us$ 9 pay+ ! exp5ses ( said ,james ,c4 ,black 9 ! regul> classes ( ,! ,tuskegee ,normal & ,indu/rial ,in/itute4 ,9 case ! said ,james ,c4 ,black leaves s*ool volunt>ily1 or is dismiss$ aft] ! expiration ( ! "t = :i* he agrees to s]ve1 he is to =feit all t ! s*ool may owe him at t "t4 ,x is fur!r agre$ t no "p ( :at said ,james ,c4 ,black may e>n %all be transf]r$ to ano!r's acc\nt1 b %all be kept = ,james ,c4 ,black's exclusive use aft] he %all h ent]$ ! ,day ,s*ool4 ,x is di/9ctly und]/ood t :at said ,james ,c4 ,black may e>n is = ! purpose ( pay+ bo>d1 & no "p c be drawn 9 ca%4 ,9 witness :]e(1 we h h]eunto set our h&s & seals4 ,,james ,c4 ,,black 7,l4 ,s47 ,,book] ,t4 ,,wa%+ton 7,l4 ,s47 ,,witness3 ,,abram ,t4 ,,blackett ,,george ,f4 ,,may ,,*apt] ,v ,,build+ ,,up ,a ,,sy/em ,! sy/em we decid$ to use at ,tuskegee divid$ ! s*ool into two classes ( /ud5ts3 ^? :o work$ ) _! h&s two days 9 ! week1 & sp5t f\r days 9 ! class room2 & ! night /ud5ts1 :o1 ?r\gh ! fir/ ye> ( _! c\rse1 work$ all day ) _! h&s & sp5t _! ev5+s 9 ! class rooms4 ,( c\rse1 ! /ud5t :o work$ t5 h\rs ea* day 0 paid m ?an ! "o :o lab\r$ only two days 9 ! week4 ,! night-s*ool /ud5ts 7 to e>n1 n only _! bo>d1 b some?+ 9 addition4 ,! surplus 0 to be us$ 9 pay+ _! exp5ses 9 ! regul> day s*ool aft] !y _h rema9$ 9 ! night s*ool "o or two ye>s z !y might elect4 ,! night s*ool1 besides o!r opportunities1 gave ! /ud5t a *ance to get a />t 9 8 books & also 9 "s trade or indu/ry4 ,) ?is z a f\ndation1 ,i h r>ely se5 a /ud5t :o 0 wor? mu* fail to pass ?r\gh ! regul> c\rse4 ,! night s*ool _h n be5 9 session _m weeks be=e sev]al facts began to make !mselves prom95t4 ,! fir/ 0 ! economic value ( ! "w ( ! night /ud5ts4 ,x 0 pla9 t ^! /ud5ts c\ld p]=m mu* lab\r = :i* we %\ld o!rwise h _h to pay out ca% to p]sons n connect$ ) ! in/itution4 ,x is true t ! "w at fir/ 0 crude1 b x %\ld be rememb]$ t 9 ! e>li] ye>s ! :ole s*ool 0 crude4 ,all "w 9 lay+ ! f\ndation = a race is crude4 ,! economic value ( h& "w at ! ,tuskegee ,in/itute c be illu/rat$ 9 no bett] way ?an by data ( ! con/ruction ( our build+s4 ,:5 a fri5d has giv5 u tw5ty-five ?\s& doll>s = a build+1 in/ead ( hav+ x con/ruct$ by an outside contractor1 we h _h ! /ud5ts produce ! mat]ial & d ! "w z f> z possible1 & ?r\gh ?is me?od a l>ge proportion ( ! money giv5 = ! build+ passes into ! h&s ( ! /ud5ts1 to be us$ 9 ga9+ an education4 ,! plan has a d\ble value1 =1 9 addition to ! tw5ty-five ?\s& doll>s :i* is div]t$ into *annels ?r\gh :i* a l>ge numb] ( /ud5ts get an education1 ! s*ool receives ! build+ = p]man5t use4 ,illu/ration3 ,,build+ ,a ,,new ,,dormitory ,/ud5ts draw plans1 dig f\ndations1 make ! brick1 cut timb]1 :i* !y saw & make into joi/s & frames4 ,! pa9t+1 pla/]+1 plumb+ & ro(+ are also done by ! /ud5ts "u ! direction ( _! in/ructors4 ,let u value ! "w at ,tuskegee by ?is te/3 ,! plans = ! ,slat]-,arm/rong ,memorial ,trades' ,build+1 9 its ma9 dim5sions #bhc #cae feet1 & two /ories high1 7 drawn by a col\r$ man1 our in/ructor 9 me*anical draw+4 ,eight hundr$ ?\s& bricks 7 requir$ 9 its con/ruction1 & e "o ( !m 0 manufactur$ by our /ud5ts :ile le>n+ ! trade ( brick-mak+4 ,all ! bricks 7 laid into ! build+ by /ud5ts :o 7 be+ taught ! trade ( brickmasonry4 ,! pla/]+1 c>p5try "w1 pa9t+1 & t9-ro(+ 7 done by /ud5ts :ile le>n+ ^! trades4 ,! :ole numb] ( /ud5ts :o receiv$ tra9+ on ?is build+ alone 0 #aif4 ,x is light$ by electricity1 & all ! electric fixtures 7 put 9 by /ud5ts :o 7 le>n+ electrical eng9e]+4 ,! p[] to op]ate ! ma*9]y 9 ?is build+ comes f a #abe horse-p[] eng9e & a #ge horse-p[] boil]4 ,all ?is ma*9]y 0 n only op]at$ by /ud5ts :o 7 le>n+ ! trade ( /eam eng9e]+1 b 0 in/all$ by /ud5ts "u ! guidance ( _! in/ructor4 ,= o!r examples ( ! am\nt ( "w t our /ud5ts d 9 ! direction ( self-help1 ,i w\ld m5tion ! fact t !y manufactur$ #b1iij1jjj bricks dur+ ! pa/ twelve mon?s2 #a1cfg g>m5ts ( v>i\s k9ds h be5 made 9 ! tailor %op1 & #eda1hcg pieces h be5 laund]$ 9 ! laundry division by ! girls4 ,agriculture is ! indu/ry :i* we plan to make /& out mo/ prom95tly2 & we expect m & m to base mu* ( our o!r tra9+ ^u ?is fundam5tal indu/ry4 ,!re are two reasons :y we h n be5 able to s5d out z _m /ud5ts f our agricultural dep>tm5t z we h desir$3 ,fir/1 agriculture 0 ! indu/ry mo/ dislik$ by ! /ud5ts & _! p>5ts 9 ! e>li] ye>s ( ! s*ool4 ,x requir$ ne>ly t5 ye>s to ov]come ?is prejudice4 ,second1 ne>ly all ( our build+s1 sev5ty-two 9 numb]1 h be5 built by ! /ud5ts1 & ! build+ trades h1 ( necessity1 be5 emphasis$4 ,z soon z ! build+ p]iod slack5s1 we %all be able to s5d out a l>g] numb] skill$ 9 all ! bran*es ( agriculture4 ,i h be5 ask$ _m times ab\t ! progress ( ! /ud5ts 9 ! night s*ool z comp>$ ) ^? 9 ! day s*ool4 ,9 reality1 !re is little diff]5ce4 ,a /ud5t :o /udies two h\rs at night & works ) 8 h&s t5 h\rs dur+ ! day1 naturally cov]s less gr\nd 9 ! text-books ?an ! day /ud5t1 yet 9 real s\nd gr[? & ! mak+ ( manhood1 ,i "q :e!r ! day /ud5t has mu* advantage ov] ! /ud5t 9 ! night s*ool4 ,!re is an indescribable some?+ ab\t "w ) ! h&s t t5ds to develop a /ud5t's m9d4 ,! night-s*ool /ud5ts take up _! /udies ) a degree ( en?usiasm & al]tness t is n equall$ 9 ! day classes4 ,i h kn[n in/ances :]e a /ud5t seem$ s dull or /upid t he made practically no progress 9 ! /udy ( books4 ,he 0 away f ! books entirely = a few mon?s & put to "w at a trade2 at ! end ( a few mon?s he has return$ to ! class room1 & x has be5 surpris+ to note h[ mu* m easily he c\ld ma/] ! text-books ?an be=e4 ,!re is some?+1 ,i ?9k1 9 ! h&l+ ( a tool t has ! same relation to close1 accurate ?9k+ t writ+ ) a p5 has 9 ! prep>ation ( a manuscript4 ,ne>ly all p]sons :o write mu* w agree1 ,i ?9k1 t "o c produce mu* m satisfactory "w by us+ ! p5 ?an by dictation4 ,illu/ration3 ,,digg+ ,,f\ndation ,,= ,a ,,new ,,build+ ,,on ,,! ,,in/itute ,,gr\nds ,:ile speak+ ( ! effect ( c>eful h& tra9+ on ! developm5t ( "*1 x is wor? :ile to m5tion an uncommonly in/ructive example4 ,if any "o goes into a community ,nor? or ,s\?1 & asks to h po9t$ out to him ! man ( ! ,negro race ( ! old g5]ation1 :o /&s = ! be/ ?+s 9 ! life ( ! col\r$ community1 9 six cases out ( t51 ,i v5ture to say1 he w be %[n a man :o le>n$ a trade dur+ ! days ( slav]y4 ,a few ye>s ago1 ,james ,hale1 a ,negro1 di$ 9 ,montgom]y1 ,alabama4 ,he sp5t ! great] "p ( 8 life z a slave4 ,he left prop]ty valu$ at fifty ?\s& doll>s1 & bequea!d a g5]\s sum to be us$ 9 provid+ = an infirm>y = ! b5efit ( 8 race4 ,james ,hale c\ld n read or write a l9e1 yet ,i d n believe t !re is a :ite or black man 9 ,montgom]y :o knew ,mr4 ,hale :o w n agree ) me 9 say+ t he 0 ! fir/ col\r$ citiz5 ( ,montgom]y4 ,i h seldom met a man ( any race :o surpass$ him 9 /]l+ qualities4 ,:5 ,mr4 ,hale 0 a slave 8 ma/] took great pa9s to h him well tra9$ z a c>p5t]1 contractor & build]4 ,8 ma/] saw t ! bett] ! slave 0 tra9$ 9 h&icraft1 ! m doll>s he 0 wor?4 ,9 my op9ion1 x 0 ?is h&-tra9+1 despite ! evil ( slav]y1 t l>gely result$ 9 ,mr4 ,hale's f9e developm5t4 ,if ,mr4 ,hale 0 all ?is ) m]e h& tra9+1 :at might he h be5 if 8 m9d _h also be5 c>efully educat$8 ,mr4 ,hale 0 simply a type ( _m m5 to be f\nd 9 ne>ly e "p ( ! c\ntry4 ,! av]age manual-tra9+ s*ool has = its ma9 object ! imp>t+ ( culture to ! /ud5t2 :ile ! economic elem5t is made second>y4 ,at ! ,tuskegee ,in/itute we h always emphasis$ ! trade or economic side ( education4 ,) any ignorant & pov]ty-/rick5 race1 ,i believe t ! problem ( bread-w9n+ %\ld prec$e t ( culture4 ,= ?is reason ! /ud5ts :o h att5d$ ! night s*ool at ,tuskegee h1 z a rule1 ma/]$ ! pr9ciples & practice ( agriculture1 or h be5 taught a trade by means ( :i* we felt sure !y c\ld e>n a liv+4 ,) ! "q ( %elt]1 food & clo?+ settl$1 !re is a basis = :at are consid]$ ! high] & m important ?+s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,select+ ,,fruit ,,= ,,cann+ ,we h1 !re=e1 emphasis$ ! e>n+ value ( education r ?an ! f9i%$ manual tra9+1 be+ c>eful at ! same "t to lay ! f\ndations ( ?or\gh moral1 m5tal & religi\s in/ruction4 ,9 foll[+ ?is me?od some?+ may be lo/ ( ! accuracy & f9i% :i* c\ld be obta9$ if a c\rse 9 manual tra9+ prec$$ ! indu/rial c\rse1 b ! fact t ! /ud5t is taught ! pr9ciples ( h\se-build+ 9 build+ a real h\se1 & n a play h\se1 gives him a self-reliance & confid5ce 9 8 ability to make a liv+1 t manual tra9+ alone c\ld n give4 ,! boy 9 ! conditions surr\nd+ ! av]age ,negro y\?1 leav+ s*ool ) manual tra9+ alone1 f9ds himself little bett] (f ?an he 0 be=e1 s f> z 8 imm$iate & press+ problem ( e>n+ a liv+ is conc]n$4 ,he & ^? dep5d5t ^u him want at once food1 %elt]1 clo?+ & ! opportunity to live prop]ly 9 a home4 ,indu/rial education takes into consid]ation ! economic elem5t 9 production 9 a way t manual tra9+ does n1 & ?is is ( great value to a race j beg9n+ its c>e]4 ,:ile ,i am speak+ ( ! comp>ative value ( manual tra9+ & indu/rial education1 !re is "o o!r diff]5ce betwe5 !m to :i* ,i ought to call att5tion4 ,! proportion ( /ud5ts :o complete an indu/rial or trade c\rse is likely to be small] ?an ! proportion complet+ a lit]>y or manual tra9+ c\rse4 ,= example1 a boy comes to ,tuskegee ,in/itute1 z has (t5 happ5$1 f a di/rict :]e he has be5 e>n+ fifty c5ts a day4 ,at ,tuskegee he works at ! brickmason's trade = n9e mon?s4 ,he _c ma/] ! trade dur+ ?is "t1 b he gets a />t 9 x4 ,at ! end ( ! n9e-mon?s' session1 if he returns home1 ?is /ud5t f9ds himself 9 dem& 9 ! community1 at wages :i* range f "o doll> & a half to two doll>s a day4 ,unless he is a man ( extraord9>ily /rong "*1 he w be likely to yield to ! temptation to rema9 at home1 & become a r commonplace mason1 in/ead ( return+ & f9i%+ 8 trade1 9 ord] t he may become a ma/] workman4 ,s f> ,i h be5 unable to discov] any rem$y t w completely (fset ?is t5d5cy4 ,! mo/ effective cure = x1 s f> z my exp]i5ce is conc]n$1 is an appeal to ! pride ( ! /ud5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,at ,,"w ,,9 ,,! ,,s*ool',s ,,brick-,,y>d ,gett+ a kiln ready to fire ,ano!r "q (t5 ask$ me is1 h[ long x w take an indu/rial s*ool to become self-support+4 ,to ?is "q ,i always reply t ,i "k ( no indu/rial s*ool t is self-support+1 nor d ,i believe t any s*ool :i* p]=ms its highe/ functions z an indu/rial s*ool w become s4 ,i believe t x is ! duty ( all su* s*ools to make ! mo/ ( ! economic elem5t--to make ea* indu/ry pay 9 doll>s & c5ts j z f> z is possible--b ! elem5t ( tea*+ %\ld be made ! fir/ consid]ation1 & ! elem5t ( production second>y4 ,v (t5 at ! ,tuskegee ,in/itute x w\ld pay ! in/itution bett] to keep a boy away f ! f>m ?an to h him sp5d a day at "w on x2 b ! f>m is = ! boy1 & n ! boy = ! f>m4 ,an indu/rial s*ool is cont9ually at "w on raw mat]ial4 ,:5 a /ud5t gets to ! po9t :]e he c build a fir/-class wagon or buggy1 he is n reta9$ at ! s*ool to build ^! vehicles m]ely = _! economic value1 b is s5t out into ! _w to beg9 8 life's "w2 & ano!r /ud5t is tak5 9 8 place to beg9 ! "w afre%4 ,! co/ ( tea*+ ! new /ud5t & ! wa/e ( mat]ial weigh heavily aga9/ ! co/ ( production4 ,h5ce1 x c easily be se5 t x is an almo/ impossible task to make money out ( an indu/rial s*ool1 or to make x self-support+4 ,! mom5t ! idea ( mak+ x pay is plac$ upp]mo/1 ! in/itution becomes a factory1 & n a s*ool = tra9+ head & h& & he>t4 ,"o ( ! advantages ( ! night s*ool at ,tuskegee is 9 ! sift+-out process ( ! /ud5t body4 ,unless a /ud5t has real grit 9 him & means bus9ess1 he w n cont9ue v long to "w ) 8 h&s t5 h\rs a day = ! privilege ( /udy+ two h\rs at night4 ,?\gh mu* ( ! "w done by /ud5ts at an indu/rial s*ool l ,tuskegee does n pay1 ! m]e ef=t at self-help on ! "p ( ! /ud5t is ( ! greate/ value 9 "* build+4 ,mo/ races h come up ?r\gh contact ) ! soil1 ei!r directly or indirectly4 ,!re is some?+ ab\t ! smell ( ! soil--a contact ) a reality t gives "o a /r5g? & developm5t t c be ga9$ 9 no o!r way4 ,9 advocat+ indu/rial tra9+ = backw>d or weak races or individuals1 ,i h always kept 9 m9d ! /r5g!n+ influ5ce ( contact ) a real ?+1 r ?an ) a ?ird-rate imitation ( a ?+4 ,! great lesson :i* ! race ne$s to le>n 9 fre$om is to "w will+ly1 *e]fully & effici5tly4 ,9 lay+ special /ress ^u h& tra9+ = a l>ge proportion ( my race1 ,i ask no peculi> education = ! ,negro1 because he is a ,negro1 b ,i w\ld advocate ! same tra9+ = ! ,g]man1 ! ,jew1 or ! ,fr5*man1 7 he 9 ! same relative /age ( racial developm5t z ! masses ( ! ,negroes4 ,:ile insi/+ ^u ?or\gh & high-grade indu/rial education = a l>ge proportion ( my race1 ,i h always _h ! greate/ sympa?y ) fir/-class college tra9+ & h recognis$ ! fact t ! ,negro race1 l o!r races1 mu/ h ?or\ghly tra9$ college m5 & wom54 ,!re is a place & a "w = su*1 j z !re is a place & a "w = ^? ?or\ghly tra9$ ) _! h&s4 ,i %all nev] =get a rem>k ,i once he>d made by a lady ( =eign bir?4 ,%e _h rec5tly arriv$ 9 ,am]ica1 & by *ance _h l&$ 9 "o ( our l>ge/ ,am]ican cities4 ,z %e 0 a woman ( consid]able importance1 %e receiv$ lavi% social att5tion4 ,= weeks h] life 0 sp5t 9 a r\nd ( fa%ionable dress+1 d9+1 automobil+1 balls1 !at]s1 art museums1 c>d p>ties1 & :at n4 ,:5 %e 0 q worn out1 a fri5d took h] to visit ! ,hampton ,normal & ,agricultural ,in/itute4 ,!re %e saw /ud5ts & tea*]s at "w 9 ! soil1 9 wood1 9 metal1 9 lea!r1 at "w cook+1 sew+1 laund]+4 ,%e saw a company ( ! mo/ devot$ m5 & wom5 9 ! _w giv+ _! lives 9 ! mo/ unselfi% mann]1 t !y might help to put a race on its feet4 ,x 0 !n t %e exclaim$ 9 my pres5ce3 ,:at a relief6 ,"h ,i h f\nd a reality2 & ,i am s glad t ,i did n leave ,am]ica be=e ,i saw x4 ,i ?9k ,i 0 able to und]/& some?+ ( h] feel+4 ,9 ! hi/ory ( ! ,negro race s9ce fre$om1 "o ( ! mo/ difficult tasks has be5 to tea* ! tea*]s & lead]s to ex]cise en\gh pati5ce & =esight to keep ! race d[n to a reality1 in/ead ( yield+ to ! temptations to grasp aft] %ad[s & sup]ficialities4 ,b ! race itself is le>n+ ! lesson v fa/4 ,inde$1 ! rank & file le>n fa/] ?an "s ( ! tea*]s & lead]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,%oe ,,%op--,,mak+ ,,& ,,repair+ ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,weld+ ,,!ory ,,& ,,practice ,broom-mak+ has be5 rec5tly includ$ among ! indu/ries = girls at ,tuskegee4 ,hundr$s ( brooms 7 be+ worn out e ye> 9 sweep+ ! floors ( m ?an sev5ty build+s2 & ,i v5ture to say t m brooms 7 us$ up = ! same am\nt ( floor space ?an at almo/ any o!r in/itution ( ! k9d4 ,:]ev] y may g 9 ! %ops1 or halls1 y w f9d "s "o busy ) a broom mo/ ( ! "t4 ,! litt] 9 ! c>p5t] %op or ! mattress-mak+ room is n all[$ to accumulate until ! end ( ! day1 b is swept up s (t5 t visitors sometimes ask me :e!r !re is a mom5t ( ! work+ day :5 "s "o is n wield+ a busy broom some:]e 9 ! in/itution4 ,x 0 ?is reason t inspir$ ! home manufacture ( ! ne$$ supply ( brooms4 ,x _h be5 f\nd possible to supply mo/ ( ! ne$s ( ! s*ool by /ud5t lab\r1 & aft] e/abli%+ a summ] cann+ factory1 :i* ,*apla9 ,p5ney directs :ile ! ,bible ,s*ool is n 9 session1 mak+ brooms seem$ a natural evolution ( supply & dem&4 ,b inve/igation %[$ t none ( ! in/ructors knew any?+ ab\t mak+ brooms1 & t ! ,exp]im5tal ,f>m _h n yet tak5 up ! task ( rais+ broom-corn4 ,^! ob/acles 7 n s]i\s 9 comp>ison ) _m o!rs :i* _h be5 attack$ 9 ! indu/rial s*ool4 ,a way 0 f\nd to make ! fir/ sample broom1 & gradually ! ne$$ ma*9]y 0 in/all$4 ,!n ! director ( ! ,agricultural ,dep>tm5t discov]$ t broom-corn c\ld be rais$ on ! f>m1 & n[ /ud5ts c be equipp$ to take ! indu/rial k home ) !m1 & also to gr[ ! crop on _! own f>ms4 ,?is dep>tm5t keeps ! s*ool suppli$ ) good brooms at small co/1 & out ( a m9or ne$ grew ano!r useful indu/ry4 ,! lesson 9 ?is little /ory is t f9d+ a way to solve ! problems close/ at home helps to build up ! community at l>ge4 ,x 0 f\nd1 also1 t ! "w ( ! class room c\ld be correlat$ ev5 ) broom-mak+1 & made to h>monise ) ! ,tuskegee !ory ( education ( head & h&s toge!r4 ,! girls 7 ask$ to write compositions descriptive ( _! "w 9 ?is indu/ry1 & "s ( ^! ef=ts h be5 v cr$itable4 ,illu/ration3 ,,mattress-,,mak+ ,all ! mattresses & pill[s us$ at ! ,in/itute are made by ! /ud5ts ,i ins]t "o ( ^! compositions z a sample3 ,,broom-,,mak+ ,i am a nice l>ge broom j made ,tuesday by ,h>riet ,mc,cray4 ,be=e ,i 0 made into a broom1 ,i grew ov] 9 a l>ge f>m ) a great _m o!rs ( my si/]s4 ,"o day ,i 0 cut d[n & br\ght up to ! broom-mak+ dep>tm5t1 & 0 c>efully pick$ to pieces to get ! be/ /raw4 ,i 0 put 9 a ma*9e call$ ! w9d]4 ,"h ,i 0 w\nd v tightly1 & !n put 9 ano!r ma*9e call$ ! press4 ,i 0 press$ out flat & sew$ tightly4 ,out ( ! press ,i 0 c>ri$ to ! clipp]1 & all ( my se$ & long ends 7 cut (f4 ,f ! cutt] ,i 0 c>ri$ to ! ?re%+ ma*9e & comb$ out ?or\ghly1 & put 9 ! b>rel = sale4 ,i 0 sold to ! s*ool = ?irty-five c5ts4 ,he w use me v r\ghly 9 doors1 & :5 ,i beg9 to get old1 ,i %all be us$ 9 sweep+ ! y>ds4 ,:5 ,i am worn completely out1 ,i %all be pull$ to pieces to get my h&le1 :i* w be us$ aga9 to make a fre%1 new broom4 ,class-room "w is also made a "p ( ! tra9+ 9 ?is v>i$ catalogue ( indu/ries 9 successful op]ation at ,tuskegee3 ,agriculture1 basketry1 blacksmi?+1 bee-keep+1 brick-masonry1 pla/]+1 brick-mak+1 c>p5try1 c>riage trimm+1 cook+1 dairy+1 ar*itectural1 free-h& & me*anical draw+1 pla9 sew+1 dress-mak+1 electrical & /eam eng9e]+1 f\nd+1 h>ness-mak+1 h\se-keep+1 horticulture1 cann+1 laund]+1 ma*9]y1 mattress mak+1 mill9]y1 nurses' tra9+1 pa9t+1 saw-mill+1 %oe-mak+1 pr9t+1 /ock-rais+1 tailor+1 t9n+1 & :eelwright+4 ,x w be se5 t ! s*ool is a community unto itself1 9 :i* build+s c be erect$1 f9i%$1 & furni%$1 ! table suppli$ ! ye> r\nd1 & economic indep5d5ce a*iev$ 9 a l>ge measure4 ,b ?is "w is = ! b5efit ( ! /ud5t1 n to make ! s*ool self-support+4 ,!re=e1 no "o side ( 8 education mu/ be neglect$ 9 ord] t he may be = ! "t a m productive lab\r] 9 8 dep>tm5t ( indu/ry4 ,x w\ld be wrong+ bo? him & ! sy/em to keep him at ! "w-b5* all ! work+ h\rs 9 ord] t he might turn out ! greate/ possible numb] ( %oes1 or w9d[ sa%es1 or fruit cans 9 a week4 ,illu/ration3 ,,basket-,,mak+ ,special ef=t is made to h ! /ud5ts use ! natural products ( ! region z mat]ial ,= example1 if y %\ld *ance to visit ! c>p5t] %op1 y w\ld f9d a score ( "y m5 turn+ out ! f9i%$ mat]ial = "s new build+ 9 process ( erection1 or at ! la!s turn+ out ! int]ior f9i%+s4 ,b 9 a small room 9 "o corn]1 hav+ a h>d "t to be he>d above ! d9 ( ! /eam saws1 is an in/ructor ) a class ( /ud5ts1 :o are le>n+ to draw up contracts = jobs 9 c>p5try or build+4 ,!y are n go+ out ) ! expectation ( always be+ c>p5t]s at day wages4 ,!y %\ld "k h[ to make contracts z boss c>p5t]s1 to build h\ses1 or repair !m1 or h[ to hire o!r m5 to build h\ses = !m4 ,!re=e1 !y le>n to draw up specifications 9 bo? legal & practical =m1 s t :5 ! occasion arises !y w "k h[ to "w ) intellig5ce4 ,_! class-room "w 9 spell+1 ma!matics1 gramm>1 & ,engli% composition comes effectively into play4 ,!y f9d out t a c>p5t] has small *ance ( gett+ ahead unless he c use 8 head intellig5tly4 ,he writes out a contract1 = example1 to put up a f\r-room h\se1 on a basis ( ?ree ca% paym5ts--:5 he takes ! job2 :5 ! ro( is on2 & :5 ! h\se is turn$ ov] to ! own]4 ,?is contract is read al\d by ! in/ructor1 :o asks ! o!r memb]s ( ! class to criticise x4 ,"o ( !m po9ts out a flaw :i* w\ld all[ ! own] to crawl out ( 8 b>ga9 on a te*nicality4 ,ano!r is pleas$ to discov] t ! ari?metic is s faulty t ! e/imates ( ! co/ ( mat]ial w\ld l& ! contractor 9 ! poor-h\se4 ,!n ! /ud5t beg9s to see t 8 s-call$ academic tea*+ is z important 9 8 call+ z 8 skill ) ! plane1 ! saw & ! mit]-box1 & t he _c hope to become a good c>p5t] unless he is also a dilig5t s*ol>4 ,9 ! w9t] an in/ructor 9 ! ,agricultural ,classes may tea* 8 /ud5ts to famili>ise !mselves1 ?r\gh books1 ) insect pe/s :i* infe/ ! pea* tree4 ,!y are ask$ to give _! own ideas ( ! bor]1 or ! scale1 b ?is in=mation is n all[$ to be pack$ away 9 ! attic ( memory1 to be =gott5 l s mu* useless lumb]4 ,! real exam9ation comes 9 ! spr+1 n 9 writt5 pap]s1 b 9 ! s*ool or*>d4 ,! same in/ructor takes ! class among ! pea* trees1 &1 ) bran*es 9 _! h&s1 !y are requir$ to id5tify ! bor]1 & apply to ! trees ! rem$ies laid d[n 9 _! books & lectures4 ,:5 a new build+ is to be erect$1 ! s*ool indu/ries jo9 _! activities 9 a common cause4 ,! project sets 9 motion1 fir/1 ! wagons to be us$ 9 remov+ ! excavat$ mat]ial4 ,! "y m5 9 ! :eelwright1 blacksmi?+1 & h>ness-mak+ rooms see _! "w te/$1 = !y h made & equipp$ all ! heavy f>m wagons ne$$ = ?is haul+4 ,along ) _! daily "w ) ! h&s1 ! patt]ns & in/ructions _h be5 giv5 !m on blackbo>ds & 9 lectures4 ,!y h tra9$ _! m9ds1 !y h le>n$ h&icraft1 & ! comb9$ results are appli$4 ,_! wagons & h>ness are n to be s5t away or put on exhibition4 ,!y mu/ /& ! /ra9 at home1 & if !y are faulty x _c be hidd54 ,illu/ration3 ,,9 ,,! ,,s*ool',s ,,sawmill ,!n come ! brick-mak]s1 turn+ out #bj1jjj bricks a day 9 ! s*ool kilns4 ,!y "k :e!r !y h made good bricks :5 !y see !m h&l$1 & put into ! walls by ! /ud5t masons4 ,9 ! c\rse = brick-masonry1 !re is practical demon/ration ! ye> r\nd4 ,all ! brick "w on ! build+s ( ! s*ool is done by /ud5ts1 "u ! sup]vision ( ! in/ructors4 ,pla/]+ & repair "w1 bo? inside & outside ( ! build+s1 is 9 *>ge ( ! ,brickmasonry ,division4 ,! !ory is taught 9 ! class room1 ! practical te/ is always close at h&4 ,! brick-mason & pla/]] has "o hundr$ & eighte5 lessons 9 ! fundam5tal pr9ciples ( ! trade1 he is taught h[ to make e/imates on diff]5t k9ds ( "w1 he has a c\rse 9 ar*itectural draw+1 & he does rese>* "w 9 trade j\rnals4 ,s mu* = !ory1 b 8 diploma ( effici5t ma/]y ( 8 trade is built into ! walls ( ! ,tuskegee build+s4 ,!y %[ :e!r he has le>n$ to be a brick-mason1 or :e!r he has m]ely le>n$ ?+s ab\t brick-masonry4 ,! s*ool sawmill turns out ! lumb] = ! build+ 9 c\rse ( erection4 ,! in/ruction 9 saw-mill+ includes ^! bran*es ( in=mation3 ,names ( ma*9es & _! uses4 ,c>e ( ma*9es4 ,defects ( timb] trees4 ,fell+ timb] trees & load+ logs on wagon4 ,measur+ lumb] & wood4 ,indu/rial classes4 ,draw+4 ,scal+ logs to f9d _! cont5ts 9 bo>d measure4 ,grad+ lumb]4 ,runn+ plan] & o!r ma*9es4 ,c>e ( belts4 ,saw fil+ & c>+ = saws4 ,design+ & mak+ cutt]s = m\ld+s4 ,calculat+ spe$ ( pulleys4 ,arrangem5t ( ma*9es 9 a plan+ & saw mill1 etc4 ,!ory & practice 9 ?is dep>tm5t are dovetail$ 9 ! f9i%$ "w 9 ! int]ior ( su* a /ructure z ! ,c>negie ,libr>y1 or ! new ,collis ,p4 ,hunt+ton ,memorial ,build+1 :]e ! wood "w1 h&somely f9i%$ 9 ,s\!rn p9e1 is ! product ( ! s*ool saw-mill & plan]1 ! c>p5t] %ops & ! pa9t-%op4 ,illu/ration3 ,,9 ,,! ,,ma*9e-,,%op ,?ree ye>s are requir$ to complete ?is c\rse ,! equipm5t ( ! ma*9]y1 eng9e]+1 & f\ndry dep>tm5t & ! c\rses ( /udy (f]$ are design$ to give /ud5ts a ?or\gh tra9+ 9 _! v>i\s bran*es4 ,! ma*9e %op is equipp$ ) ! late/ ma*9e tools1 driv5 by p[] f an ,atlas eng9e4 ,all ! repair "w on ! me*anical equipm5t ( ! s*ool1 includ+ /eam pumps1 /eam eng9es1 woodwork+ ma*9es1 pr9t+ presses1 metal work+ ma*9es1 is done 9 ?is %op4 ,ab\t fifty diff]5t ma*9es outside ( ?is dep>tm5t1 includ+ ! complete /eam laundry1 ! agricultural & dairy ma*9]y1 are 9 daily op]ation1 furni%+ ! be/ possible demon/ration ( ! !ory taught 9 ! classes4 ,9 ! c\rse = /eam eng9e]s1 ! "y m5 are able to /udy ! work+ ( elev5 diff]5t /eam eng9es1 sev5 /eam pumps1 twelve /eam boil]s1 & a complete wat]-works sy/em1 ) miles ( pip+1 valves1 gauges1 record+ app>atus1 etc4 ,! in/ructors lay out ! c\rses 9 !ory & writt5 "w1 & ! ma!matical /udies are appli$ 9 "w on blue-pr9t draw+s & free-h& sket*es4 ,a f\ndry is 9 daily op]ation1 & "h ! ca/+s us$ 9 repair "w = ! s*ool are made4 ,:5 ! ,tuskegee cotton-rais+ p>ty w5t to ,africa1 ! ca/+s = ! cotton press s5t ) !m 7 made 9 ! s*ool f\ndry4 ,9 ! plumb+ & /eam-fitt+ division1 ! tools & %op equipm5t are ample = tra9+ 9 lead & iron "w1 = wat] & /eam pip+ sy/ems 9 build+s ( v>i\s k9ds4 ,! plumb+ & /eam fitt+ 9 ne>ly all ! build+s ( ! ,in/itute 7 done by ! classes ( ?is division4 ,?is "w includes s9ks1 ba?-tubs1 /eam radiators1 lavatories & sanit>y closets4 ,m ?an eight miles ( pip+ ( v>i\s sizes1 = /eam & wat]1 are 9 use on ! s*ool gr\nds1 ) all ! necess>y valves1 expansion jo9ts1 unions & fitt+s4 ,! t9smi?+ %op turns out ne>ly e k9d ( t9 "w f cov]+ a h\se to mak+ a pepp]-box4 ,! appr5tice becomes a fir/-class t9smi? 9 two ye>s' tra9+4 ,m ?an two ?\s& "o-gallon fruit cans 7 made by ! /ud5ts la/ ye> 9 addition to _m o!r useful articles4 ,! object ( ! c\rse 9 electrical eng9e]+ is to give ! /ud5t a f\ndation ^u :i* he may build along any special l9e he may *oose lat]4 ,arc & inc&esc5t light+ is 9 use at ! s*ool1 & !re is a complete telephone s]vice connect+ mo/ ( ! build+s & (fices ?r\gh a c5tral /ation4 ,! /ud5ts le>n n only h[ to in/all ^! sy/ems1 b to ma9ta9 !m 9 ! highe/ /ate ( effici5cy4 ,! dynamos & o!r electrical ma*9]y ( a complete p[]h\se are 9 op]ation = light+ ! s*ool build+s & gr\nds1 s t ! /ud5t f9ds practical "w at e turn 9 8 c\rse4 ,illu/ration3 ,,/ud5ts ,,at ,,"w ,,9 ,,! ,,s*ool',s ,,f\ndry ,he has le>n$ h[ to build & equip a build+4 ,he is taught also h[ to design x 9 all its p>ts4 ,all /ud5ts 9 ! day & night s*ools :o are 9 ! ,me*anical ,dep>tm5t are requir$ to take in/ruction 9 me*anical draw+4 ,! "w ( ! fir/ ye> is l>gely prep>atory4 ,x beg9s ) simple geometrical draw+1 to accu/om ! /ud5t to ! use ( in/rum5ts & to tea* him accuracy & neatness4 ,?is is foll[$ by "w 9 projection1 :i* f9ds application 9 scale-draw+ ( simple objects4 ,z soon z a fair k ( ! in/rum5ts has be5 atta9$1 ) a ?or\gh drill 9 free-h& sket*+1 ! /udy ( design is c>ri$ f> en\gh to secure an und]/&+ ( ! pr9ciples1 & facility & accuracy 9 ! con/ruction ( draw+ plans4 ,/rictly speak+1 me*anical draw+ beg9s ) ! second ye> ( trade "w1 ) ! /udy ( mat]ials & work+ draw+s4 ,dur+ ! la/ qu>t] ( ! ?ird ye> ! /ud5t le>ns h[ to make blue1 sol>1 & black pr9ts4 ,dur+ ! f\r? ye> sev]al excursions are made by ! class to ! %ops1 ! build+s "u con/ruction1 ! brick-y>d1 etc4 ,9 su* excursions detail$ notes mu/ be tak5 & a satisfactory report submitt$ ^u ! ?+s se5 & exam9$4 ,! c\rse ( ar*itectural draw+ cov]s ?ree ye>s1 & aims to give ?or\gh in/ruction 9 draw+1 build+ con/ruction & design4 ,9 all cases1 ! g5]al me*anical & arti/ic tra9+ is supplem5t$ by ! c\rse ( /udy 9 ! ,academic ,dep>tm5t4 ,on ent]+ ! ?ird ye> ( ! ar*itectural c\rse1 ! /ud5t1 9 addition to 8 regul> "w1 is giv5 actual practice 9 (fice tra9+ & g5]al sup]9t5d5ce4 ,! /ud5t visits also ! trade %ops1 & is requir$ to att5d classes 9 heat+1 electrical light+1 & plumb+4 ,_m ( ! mo/ satisfactory & impos+ build+s ( ! s*ool 7 design$ 9 our ar*itectural dep>tm5t4 ,x w be se5 f ! =ego+ survey t ! /ud5ts are able to build & equip a l>ge build+ f top to bottom1 inside & out1 & ^! object lessons ( _! own h&iwork /& clu/]$ ov] _m acres1 a city 9 itself built by "y col\r$ m51 mo/ ( :om 7 :olly ignorant ( sy/ematic m5tal or manual tra9+ :5 !y ask$ to be admitt$ to ,tuskegee4 ,!y ma9ta9 also :at may be call$ ! runn+ ma*9]y ( ! in/itution4 ,! c>p5t]s le>n wood-turn+ & cab9et-mak+4 ,!y make ! furniture us$ 9 ! class rooms & dormitories4 ,_! regul> division has be5 s cr[d$ 9 rec5t ye>s t x 0 f\nd necess>y to organise an auxili>y division1 call$ ! ,repair ,%op4 ,"h all ! s*ool's repairs 9 wood "w are done1 & ! tra9+ has prov$ s valuable t x has be5 made a sep>ate c\rse ( /udy ext5d+ ov] ?ree ye>s4 ,9 ! blacksmi? %op is p]=m$ ! iron+ ( c>riages1 buggies1 & wagons1 ( :i* a hundr$ are us$ by ! s*ool1 9 addition to mak+ all k9ds ( implem5ts & ! %oe+ ( horses4 ,hundr$s ( f>m implem5ts are repair$ "h4 ,! /ud5t blacksmi? is n a m]e lab\r]4 ,he is taught h[ to run a %op ( 8 own4 ,he le>ns h[ to make out bills = mat]ial1 h[ to keep %op supplies1 & a "p ( 8 "t is devot$ to me*anical draw+ & class room "w4 ,illu/ration3 ,,class ,,9 ,,me*anical ,,draw+ ,! division ( :eelwright+ is fitt$ = "w 9 all details ( ! trade4 ,! /ud5ts h con/antly on h& new "w1 su* z ! build+ ( wagons1 drays1 horse & h& c>ts1 :eel-b>r[s1 buggies & road c>ts4 ,a great deal ( repair "w mu/ be done to keep ! f>m equipm5t 9 fir/-class %ape1 & ! %op is con/antly patronis$ = ?is k9d ( "w by ! f>m]s ( ! t[n & neighb\rhood4 ,! s*ool has a /&+ ord] = f>m wagons f m]*ants 9 ,tuskegee & ,montgom]y4 ,^! are turn$ out complete1 & h prov$ s]viceable & popul>4 ,all ( ! h>ness us$ by ! s*ool1 & a l>ge quantity sold outside1 is made 9 ! h>ness-mak+ dep>tm5t4 ,all ! vehicles turn$ out by ! blacksmi? & :eelwright+ divisions are f9i%$ by ! /ud5ts 9 ! c>riage-trimm+ %op4 ,! visitor1 !re=e1 :o wi%es to inspect ! ,tuskegee ,in/itute1 is met at ! /ation by a c>riage built by ! /ud5ts1 pull$ by horses rais$ on ! s*ool f>ms1 ^: h>ness 0 made 9 a s*ool %op4 ,! driv] we>s a trim1 blue uni=m made 9 ! s*ool tailor-%op1 & %oes made by /ud5t class "w4 ,! visitor is assign$ to a gue/ room 9 a dormitory design$1 built1 & furni%$ by ! /ud5ts4 ,8 ba?room plumb+1 ! /eam heat 9 8 room1 & ! electric light+ 7 in/all$ by /ud5ts4 ,! oak furniture ( 8 room came f ! %ops4 ,! "y woman :o takes c>e ( 8 room is a /ud5t work+ h] way ?r\gh ! ,in/itute4 ,aft] supp]1 %e w *ange h] we>+ app>el to a blue uni=m dress & a neat /raw hat1 all made 9 ! s*ool4 ,! /eam laundry s5ds ov] to "k if ! visitor wi%es "s wa%+ done1 & girl /ud5ts s5d x back1 pr\d ( ! sn[y poli% ( %irts & coll>s4 ,! visitor is ask$ to be a gue/ 9 ! tea*]s' d9+-hall4 ,! bill ( f>e may read z foll[s3 ,,breakfa/3 ,breakfa/ food1 ham1 fri$ cakes1 bread1 syrup1 c(fee1 tea1 butt]1 fruit4 ,,d9n]3 ,roa/ beef1 tomatoes1 rice1 corn-bread1 sweet potatoes1 butt]milk1 snap beans1 dess]t4 ,,supp]3 ,cold ham1 tea1 bread1 syrup1 butt]1 milk1 fri$ potatoes1 c(fee4 ,9 look+ ov] ?is program1 ! gue/ w discov] t ! ham1 roa/ beef1 vegetables1 cornbread1 syrup1 butt]1 milk1 & potatoes are products ( ! s*ool f>ms1 rais$1 c>$ = & produc$ by /ud5t lab\r4 ,?r\gh\t ^! v>i$ fields ( indu/rial & productive activity1 ! foll[+ objects are kept con/antly 9 view1 & _! relative importance is 9 ! ord] ( _! enum]ation3 ,to tea* ! dignity ( lab\r4 ,to tea* ! trades1 ?or\ghly & effectively4 ,to supply ! dem& = tra9$ indu/rial lead]s4 ,to assi/ ! /ud5ts 9 pay+ all1 or a "p1 ( _! exp5ses4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,blacksmi? ,,%op ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,head ,,& ,,h&s ,,toge!r ,t ! di/9ctive feature ( ,tuskegee ,in/itute--ample provision = indu/rial tra9+--has receiv$ 9 ! public pr9ts almo/ exclusive att5tion is n /range4 ,b x is well to rememb] t ,tuskegee ,in/itute /&s = education z well z = tra9+1 = m5 & wom5 z well z = bricks & mort>4 ,( c\rse1 ! di/9ction involv$ 9 ! words1 education & tra9+1 is l>gely !oretical4 ,my exp]i5ce conv9ces me t tra9+ to "s productive trade1 be x wagon-build+ or f>m+1 educates4 ,= example1 "o ( our /ud5ts is =eman on ! l>ge & beautifully plann$ ,collis ,p4 ,hunt+ton ,memorial ,build+1 n[ 9 process ( con/ruction2 t "y man is notable = a simple hone/y1 an unobtrusive confid5ce & self-reliance1 t abundantly te/ify to 8 manl9ess4 ,t ?is manl9ess is 9 l>ge degree directly traceable to 8 skill & 8 exp]i5ce 9 be>+ indu/rial responsibility--9 %ort1 to 8 tra9+--is beyond p]adv5ture4 ,inde$1 9 runn+ ov] ! long li/ ( /ud5ts :o1 = "o reason or ano!r--lack ( money or lack ( ta/e = books--h left ,tuskegee )\t complet+ ! prescrib$ c\rse 9 ! ,academic ,dep>tm5t1 ,i h be5 =cibly impress$ ) ! fact t tra9+ to productive indu/ry directly t5ds to develop s\nd judgm5t & manly indep5d5ce--^? qualities ( ! m9d & he>t t collectively con/itute ! "* ( ! educat$ man4 ,illu/ration3 ,,class ,,9 ,,outdoor ,,geometry ,ano!r example ( ! effect ( ! tra9+ giv5 at ! ,tuskegee ,in/itute on ! m9d ( ! /ud5t occurs to me4 ,a few weeks ago x 0 decid$ to modify ! ,day ,s*ool sy/em4 ,to make any *ange 9 a great organisation l ours requires great discrim9at+ judgm5t & c>e4 ,! faculty discuss$ ! *ange 9 its e phase1 & ,i f9ally call$ ! /ud5ts ( ! f\r upp] classes toge!r1 pres5t$ to !m our plans1 & expla9$ to !m ! reasons = ! propos$ *ange4 ,_! response 0 n a negative acquiesc5ce1 b a s]ies ( direct & se>*+ que/ions4 ,!y 7 al]t & quick to see m9or defects1 & to give direct & con/ructive criticism 9 reg>d to _m details4 ,_! "w 9 ! %ops & on ! f>m _h br\ght !m into t\* ) real issues & real ?+s--_! daily "w 9 con/ruct+ & equipp+ our build+s & 9 help+ to build ! in/itute _h br\ght ) x an intellig5t int]e/ 9 ! s*ool & an enlight5$ appreciation ( values2 9 o!r words1 x _h taught !m to ?9k4 ,x is obvi\s t a man _c build wagons or run a f>m ) cont9u\s success :o is unable to read1 write1 & ciph]4 ,b1 f> deep] ?an ! m]e comm]cial advantage ( academic /udies1 is ! fact t !y af=d inc5tives to good conduct & high ?9k+4 ,to make a boy an effici5t me*anic is good1 = x enables him to e>n a liv+ & to add 8 mite to ! productiv5ess ( society2 b a s*ool mu/ d m--mu/ create 9 him abid+ int]e/s 9 ! intellectual a*ievem5ts ( mank9d 9 art & lit]ature1 & mu/ /imulate 8 spiritual nature4 ,& s ,tuskegee has always ma9ta9$ an ,academic ,dep>tm5t1 at pres5t h\s$ ma9ly 9 f\r build+s4 ,! mo/ important ( ^! are ,port] ,hall1 a ?ree-/ory frame build+1 ! fir/ build+ erect$ aft] ! op5+ ( ! ,in/itute1 ?\gh poor 9 appo9tm5ts1 yet ri* 9 traditions2 ,?ra%] ,hall1 a h&some ?ree-/ory brick build+ ) well-equipp$ physical & *emical laboratories2 & ! ,c>negie ,libr>y1 a beautifully proportion$ brick /ructure1 :i* is ! c5t] ( ,academic int]e/s4 ,! collection ( books is well select$1 & ! g5]osity ( ,tuskegee's fri5ds keeps x con/antly gr[+4 ,! admirable ,collis ,p4 ,hunt+ton ,memorial ,build+ w be ! l>ge/ build+ on ! gr\nds1 & is to be us$ exclusively = academic purposes4 ,illu/ration3 ,,/ud5ts ,,fram+ ,,! ,,ro( ,,( ,a ,,l>ge ,,build+ ,on ! faculty ( ! ,academic ,dep>tm5t are tw5ty-eight m5 & wom5 ( ,negro blood ) degrees f ,mi*igan1 ,nebraska1 ,ob]l91 ,amh]/1 ,cornell1 ,columbia1 & ,h>v>d4 ,9 ord] to display ! "* ( "w done 9 ! ,dep>tm5t1 x may be well = me to expla9 ! c\rse ( /udy 9 "s special bran*es4 ,! aim ( ! "w 9 ,engli% 9 ! prep>atory classes is to br+ ab\t famili>ity ) ! "m tongue1 & correctness & ease 9 its use4 ,f contact ) good models ( spok5 or writt5 disc\rse ! pupil le>ns to appreciate & int]pret ?\ght well express$4 ,f ! c>eful att5tion giv5 8 own language1 he le>ns to feel ! correctness or incorrectness ( an expression1 )\t slavi% reliance ^u rules4 ,9 o!r words1 9 ^! classes language is taught z an art2 ! necess>y rules & def9itions1 :5 !y occur1 are treat$ z work+ pr9ciples1 & abundant practice 9 apply+ !m is giv54 ,9 ! advanc$ ye>s ( ! c\rse1 te*nical gramm> is taught because at ?is /age ! pupil has already become famili> ) good usage1 & has atta9$ a c]ta9 facility 9 employ+ ! "m tongue4 ,he %\ld n[ be taught m ?or\ghly ! fundam5tal pr9ciples gov]n+ ! correct or incorrect use ( an expression1 :ile 9 ! prep>atory classes1 oral ex]cises 9 n>ration1 description & reproduction pr$om9ate4 ,! pupil is enc\rag$ to talk simply & naturally ab\t some?+ he has se5 or he>d or read4 ,he is taught to ex]cise c>e = unity1 logical sequ5ce ( ideas1 & smoo?ness ( transition4 ,to ! n>ration & description ( ! l[] grades1 argum5tation & exposition are add$ 9 ! advanc$ "w1 ^! subjects be+ exp&$ to =m ! basis ( a c\rse 9 public speak+4 ,! pupil obta9s mat]ial = !mes & debates f 8 exp]i5ce 9 %op & field & f lit]ature te*nical to ! subject4 ,! !mes are submitt$ = correction & 9 due c\rse committ$1 &1 aft] prelim9>y tra9+1 deliv]$ at ! mon?ly public rhetoricals ( ! class4 ,except = ! writt5 brief requir$ ( ea* disputant1 debates are extemporane\s4 ,9 ! prep>ation ( a program l ! foll[+1 consid]able exp]i5ce & rese>* mu/ necess>ily be involv$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,class ,,9 ,,language ,a ,,middle ,,rhetorical ,,ev5+ ,,pray] ,,s]vice ,a ,model ,s\!rn ,f>m ,x is ?is noble agriculture :i* fe$s ! human race & all ! humbl] ord]s ( animat$ nature dep5d5t on man4 --,spee* by ,,edw>d ,,ev]ett 99 99 99 ,,ov]ture ,,or*e/ra #a ,*oos+ & ,prep>+ ! ,l& ,leon ,h>ris #b ,! ,crops ,t]ry ,h>t ,song1 ,old ,folks at ,home ,a ,middle ,qu>tette #c ,con/ruct+ ! ,f>m ,h\se ,alonzo ,fields #d ,con/ruct+ ! ,*imneys & ,fireplaces ,*>les ,weir ,duet ,miss ,"y1 ,mr4 ,weav] #e ,c>e ( ! ,f>m ,h\se 7a7 ,! ,d9+-room & ,kit*5 ,miss ,emma ,smi? 7b7 ,b$rooms & ,p>l\r ,miss ,pe>l ,r\sseau ,music ,waltz ,or*e/ra #f ,! ,kit*5 ,g>d5 ,cornelius ,ri*>dson #g ,! ,p\ltry-y>d & ,cont5ts ,miss ,/ella ,p9k/on ,music ,a ,middle ,brass ,qu>tett #h ,a ,model ,/orage ,b>n ,?omas ,britta9 #i ,! ,f>m ,ma*9]y ,william ,lewis ,music ,m>* ,or*e/ra #aj ,! ,dairy ,h]d ,mr4 ,wesley ,mc,coy #aa ,a ,model ,dairy-b>n ,wm4 ,j4 ,williams ,music ,polka ,or*e/ra ,ex]cises l ! =ego+ n only assi/ ! ,indu/rial ,dep>tm5t 9 its "w ) ! pupil1 b (f] admirable ,academic tra9+ 9 ,engli% & 9 practical elocution4 ,besides ! discussion relative to indu/rial pursuits1 ! pupils consid] que/ions important to !m z future citiz5s & m5 ( bus9ess4 ,?is phase ( ! ,engli% "w tra9s ! pupil to rigor\s me?ods ( reason+1 & to cle>ness & =cefulness 9 public disc\rse4 ,lit]ature 9 ! prep>atory classes is taught "u ! head ( read+4 ,! physical requisites to effective expression receive due att5tion1 b great /ress is laid ^u read+ z a means by :i* ! m9d is furni%$ ) k4 ,lit]ature is taught by read+ & language tea*]s1 ! =m] deal+ ) ! subject-matt] = lit]>y values1 ! latt] hav+ an eye to con/ruction4 ,! c\rse is ( tw(old importance2 contact ) f9i%$ /yle gives to ! pupil a s5se ( :at is mo/ fitt+ & beautiful 9 expression1 ?us prov+ an invaluable aid to 8 own oral & writt5 diction4 ,! "w ( ! ,s5ior class 9 ,engli% lit]ature & composition aims to develop 9 ! pupil p[] to ?9k cle>ly & logically1 & ability to appreciate ?\ght express$ by o!rs2 to tea* cle>ness & correctness ( expression toge!r ) facility & p[] 9 ! use ( language2 to produce an appreciation ( good books by contact ) classic au?ors2 & to give1 by an outl9e /udy ( ! hi/ory ( ,engli% lit]ature1 a prop] sett+ = ! au?ors read4 ,to supplem5t ! class-room "w 9 lit]ature1 a c\rse 9 home read+ has be5 arrang$4 ,x is ! aim ( ! division ( ,engli% to make ! home read+ z mu* l play z possible1 a relaxation f /]n] requirem5ts ( ! curriculum1 an occupation = idle h\rs4 ,by p]suad+ ! mo/ /upid pupil to read books :i* appeal to him1 ! tea*] c lead him gradually to m solid lit]ature4 ,illu/ration3 ,,class ,,9 ,,outdoor ,,nature ,,/udy ,z p]sonal a*ievem5ts appeal to ! undevelop$ m9d m /rongly ?an ! *ronicles ( conflicts & political *anges1 ! fir/ c\rse 9 hi/ory deals ) biography4 ,! /ud5t is giv5 facts 9 ! lives ( m51 ,wa%+ton1 ,jeff]son1 ,adams1 & is made to feel t ^! m5 actually liv$1 t !y are n m]e ab/ract influ5ces4 ,at ! v beg9n+ _! lives are /udi$ 9 ! light ( "* build+4 ,aft] ! fir/ ideas ( "* build+ h be5 pres5t$1 ! next /ep is to awak5 ! p[] ( ! obs]vation1 to quick5 ! imag9ation4 ,! elem5t>y c\rse 9 ,engli% hi/ory is adapt$ to ?is purpose4 ,! c\rse 9 advanc$ ,am]ican ,hi/ory is = develop+ judgm5t & discrim9ation4 ,little att5tion is giv5 to ! p]iods ( discov]y & ( colonisation1 except to %[ ! /ud5t h[ ! ,am]ican p1 z is true ( all great nations1 began z cultivators ( ! soil4 ,! peculi> position ( ! ,negro 9 ,am]ican ,hi/ory1 f ! e>lie/ days ( ! slave trade1 ?r\gh ! w>s ) ,engl& & ! ,civil ,w>1 to ! pres5t "t1 is giv5 due importance1 n by isolat+ x1 b by introduc+ x 9 its prop] place ) o!r ev5ts4 ,9 ! ,s5ior ye>1 a c\rse is giv5 9 ! ,/ate ,hi/ory ( ,alabama1 = ! b5efit ( ^? :o wi% to fit !mselves z tea*]s 9 t ,/ate4 ,! object is to acqua9t ! ,normal /ud5t ) ! important facts 9 ! settlem5t ( ,alabama1 its entrance into ! ,union1 & its pres5t indu/rial & political /atus4 ,dur+ ! fir/ ?ree ye>s1 ! c\rse 9 ,geography is taught ) ,nature ,/udy4 ,9 ! la/ ye>1 ,geography is comb9$ ) ,hi/ory4 ,! purpose ( ?is arrangem5t is obvi\s4 ,geography is really a broad phase ( ,nature ,/udy4 ,que/ions reg>d+ natural features1 ! sun1 moon1 planets1 wat]-c\rses1 physical po9ts1 etc41 are expla9$ 9 ! c\rse 9 ,nature ,/udy4 ,h5ce ! pupil appreciates all ! m :at is said ab\t !m :5 he comes to !m aga9 9 8 ,geography4 ,! same intimacy is f\nd 9 ! /udy ( plant & animal life1 m9]als1 & rock =mation4 ,tuskegee is admirably fitt$ = ! /udy ( ,geography1 & e ef=t is made to make ! tea*+ easily grasp$4 ,! indu/rial %ops are always op5 to academic tea*]s & /ud5ts4 ,:5 ! /ud5t takes up ! subject ( lumb]1 = example1 he is able1 by go+ to ! %ops1 to und]/& ! v>i\s /ages ?r\gh :i* ! r\gh1 uncut log mu/ pass 9 ord] to make suitable build+ mat]ial4 ,!n1 too1 ! s*ool gr\nds are put to excell5t use4 ,v>i\s k9ds ( plant-life are /udi$2 hills1 valleys1 small wat]-c\rses1 examples ( erosion1 diff]5t k9ds ( soil1 are se5 on e h&4 ,9 connection ) ,nature ,/udy & ,geography1 ! pupils are urg$ to be on ! al]t to detect some?+ new1 some?+ :i* !y h se5 (t51 b c aft]w>d view 9 a new light because ( ! in=mation obta9$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,wood-,,turn+ ,,ma*9]y ,! c\rse 9 ma!matics cov]s a p]iod ( sev5 ye>s1 includ+ ,ari?metic1 ,algebra1 ,geometry1 ,trigonometry1 & ,survey+4 ,?r\gh\t ! entire c\rse1 ! aim is to give ! /ud5t1 z f> z possible1 a practical k ( ! subjects embrac$4 ,! pupil is requir$ to deal 9 ?+s associat$ ) figures1 r ?an ) figures alone4 ,9 multiples & measures1 8 "w is br\ght 9 close & effective t\* ) ! trade "w4 ,= example1 ! c>p5t] mu/ get ! greate/ common l5g? ( bo>d f sev]al diff]5t l5g?s )\t any wa/e3 ! dressmak] mu/ f9d & use ! smalle/ numb] ( y>ds ( clo? t suffice = ! mak+ ( dresses ( diff]5t sizes4 ,ma!matics is %[n to be an in/rum5t ( economy4 ,9 fractions1 e/imates are made ( ! co/ ( bales ( cotton at prevail+ prices4 ,! /ud5t is (t5 requir$ to weigh out 9 ea* case ! am\nts ( v>i\s articles :i* c be pur*as$ = giv5 am\nts ( money4 ,9 comp\nd quantities & 9 ! v>i\s measurem5ts1 ! /ud5t does ! measur+4 ,y>ds1 rods1 tons ( coal1 & tons ( hay are measur$4 ,9 c>pet+1 he is requir$ to c>pet a room4 ,9 la?+ & pla/]+1 he mu/ witness ! "w 9 active op]ation4 ,9 p]c5tage1 problems :i* mu/ be solv$ 9 ! daily "w ! /ud5t is able to get f ! indu/rial dep>tm5ts4 ,= example1 if ! lea!r = a pair ( %oes co/s a def9ite am\nt1 & ! %oes are sold at a def9ite rate1 :at p] c5t4 is ga9$8 ,or = :at mu/ !y be sold s z to ga9 a c]ta9 p] c5t48 ,mu* actual outdoor "w is done dur+ ! /udy ( trigonometry1 & 9 survey+ ! /ud5t le>ns to lay (f lots1 c\ntry roads2 to plot1 map1 etc4 ,! la/ t]m ( ! ,s5ior ye> is sp5t 9 ma/]+ ! elem5ts ( ,civil ,eng9e]+1 "w = :i* ! fir/ two t]ms h prep>$ ! /ud5t4 ,! ,s\? is sorely 9 ne$ ( surveyors & m5 gr\nd$ 9 ! elem5ts ( eng9e]+2 positions ( ?is "* are easy to f9d1 & pay well4 ,! object ( ! "w 9 ,nature ,/udy1 z taught 9 ! ,academic ,dep>tm5t1 is to tra9 ! faculty ( obs]vation1 create an int]e/ 9 & love ( nature1 ga9 k :i* w be ( s]vice 9 ! future1 & to cultivate a practical int]e/ 9 ,agriculture4 ,k ( ?+s ne> at h& %\ld be acquir$ fir/1 & lat] ( ?+s m di/ant2 a cle> & def9ite acqua9tance ) home surr\nd+s 7plants1 animals1 m9]als1 natural ph5om5a1 & ! human body7 is made ! basis ( ! tea*+ z a f\ndation = m advanc$ /udy4 ,9 ! assignm5t ( "w & selection ( mat]ial = /udy1 ! special ne$s ( special classes are kept 9 m9d1 ! "w be+ det]m9$ by ! /ud5t's p[] ( obs]vation & int]pretation4 ,subjects = /udy are select$ l>gely accord+ to ! seasons4 ,?is "w is conduct$ ) ref]5ce to its correlation ) ,geography1 language1 & o!r subjects4 ,field excursions1 collect+ & pres]v+ specim5s1 & g>d5+ ( v>i\s k9ds1 are prom95t features ( ! c\rses 9 ,nature ,/udy4 ,illu/ration3 ,,class ,,9 ,,outdoor ,,ari?metic ,! s*ool (f]s also ?r\gh ! ,academic ,dep>tm5t1 a two-ye>s' c\rse1 especially treat+ ( ! affairs ( ! f>m4 ,in/ruction is by laboratory "w1 supplem5t$ by text-books1 lectures1 & ref]5ce read+s1 :i* are assign$ f /&>d volumes & p]iodicals4 ,! /ud5t is br\ght into close practical contact ) 8 subject4 ,he /udies f>m implem5ts1 traces root sy/ems ( corn & o!r crops1 te/s g]m9ation ( se$s1 det]m9es ! prop]ties ( soils & ! effects ( v>i\s crops & ( rotation ( crops ^u soil f]tility4 ,he te/s milk1 /udies butt] & *eese1 & judges a v>iety ( animals4 ,! s*ool owns an ample supply ( pl[s1 cultivators1 plant]s1 cutt]s1 eng9es1 etc4 ,x has ext5sive collections ( agricultural plants1 se$s & products4 ,laboratories are well equipp$ ) app>atus = ! /udy ( manures1 f]tilis]s1 soil bact]iology1 g]m9ation ( se$s1 & judg+ cotton & corn4 ,! ,in/itute gr\nds & ! fields & or*>ds ( ! ,exp]im5t ,/ation are always available = illu/rations 9 class "w4 ,collections ( se$s & woods1 cab9ets ( b5eficial & noxi\s insects1 photographs1 maps1 *>ts1 & draw+s af=d valuable mat]ial = /udy & demon/ration4 ,specim5s ( draft & coa* horses1 ,j]sey1 ,ayr%ire & ,hol/e9 cattle1 ,s\?d[n %eep1 & ,b]k%ire sw9e1 af=d mat]ial = judg+4 ,9 ! ,dairy ,division is a complete outfit = cream sep>ation & butt] & *eese mak+4 ,we h1 also1 levels1 microscopes1 & an ext5sive li/ ( agricultural j\rnals1 a complete file ( exp]im5t /ation bullet9s f all ! ,/ates1 & an excell5t assortm5t ( /&>d ref]5ce books4 ,! "o purpose is to acqua9t ! /ud5t ) ! facts & pr9ciples ne$$ = ! improvem5t ( soils1 ! increase ( f]tility1 ! nature ( ! v>i\s crops1 ! conditions gov]n+ _! successful & economic production1 & ) ! g5]al developm5t ( agriculture4 ,! /ud5t is also made famili> ) animals1 fir/1 z to fitness = specific purposes2 second1 z to _! c>e & managem5t2 ?ird1 z to _! improvem5t by bre$+2 & f\r?1 z to ! manufacture ( animal products4 ,he le>ns ! pr9ciples ( or*>d managem5t1 small fruit culture1 vegetable g>d5+ & plant propagation1 z well z ! evolution ( cultivat$ plants4 ,a s5se ( ! beautiful is cultivat$ & giv5 expression 9 floriculture1 to ! end t m ( nature's beauty %all p]vade ! home & its surr\nd+s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,*emical ,,laboratory ,! "w ( ea* ye> ( /rictly m5tal education is prescrib$4 ,we aim to ar\se ! /ud5ts' int]e/ 9 important educational problems1 ) especial ref]5ce to ! ,s\?1 rew>d+ t int]e/ ) practical sugge/ions2 & to tra9 effici5tly tea*]s :o w r5d] valuable s]vice 9 s*ool & society4 ,! c\rses 9 ,normal ,education comprise a critical /udy ( human nature2 an outl9e hi/ory ( ,am]ican education2 g5]al & special me?ods 9 tea*+2 & s*ool organisation & adm9i/ration4 ,! /ud5ts 9 ^! c\rses obs]ve exp]t tea*+ 9 a prim>y s*ool "u ! direction ( ! ,academic ,dep>tm5t4 ,s5ior /ud5ts are n only p]mitt$ to obs]ve1 b also to practice tea*+ "u sup]vision4 ,?is division ( ,education is be+ /r5g!n$1 & keeps /eadily be=e x ! fact t ,tuskegee is to s5d out tea*]s z well z tra9$ artisans & indu/rial lead]s4 ,! c\rses 9 ,*emi/ry & 9 ,physics1 m cle>ly ?an any o!r ,academic c\rses1 complem5t ! "w ( ! ,indu/rial ,dep>tm5t4 ,?us 9 ! c\rse 9 ,*emi/ry1 op]ations 9 ! %ops & on ! f>m1 involv+ *emical reactions1 are drawn ^u z illu/rative mat]ial = ! fir/ ye>'s "w4 ,! artisan1 ) a k ( *emical matt]s1 gr[s & ?9ks1 & is n automatic4 ,! c\rses are n ^? 9 :i* ! /ud5ts are m]ely taught h[ to d1 b to d4 ,soap is tak5 ap>t & put toge!r4 ,poli%es1 lacqu]s1 *emical cleans]s1 are n kn[n m]ely z =mul2 b are actually made 9 small quantities by /ud5ts !mselves1 s z to develop _! p[] ( do+ ?+s4 ,is ?is fl\r1 bran1 & bak+ p[d]1 pure8 ,is ! f]tilis] ( high grade8 ,h[ %all ! sick-room be dis9fect$8 ,h[ %all we de/roy ! cabbage-dev\r+ worm8 ,to ^! & simil> que/ions1 ! division ( ,*emi/ry seeks to enable /ud5ts readily to f9d answ]s4 ,9 ! c\rse 9 ,physics1 ! pr9ciples tak5 up are illu/rat$ by ! actual "w go+ on 9 ! outside build+ con/ruction1 & ! f>m "w4 ,great /ress is laid ^u ! be>+ ( ,physics on tools1 ma*9es1 & op]ations ( ! %ops4 ,inspection ( ! v>i\s indu/rial plants 9 ! vic9ity ( ,tuskegee is requir$ 9 ord] t ! /ud5t may see ! applications ( ,physics to ! processes 9 use4 ,?r\gh\t ! c\rses1 a notebook is accurately kept by ea* /ud5t1 9 :i* are record$ ! results ( 8 obs]vations & exp]im5ts1 toge!r ) sket*es = illu/ration4 ,an ex]cise giv5 to "o ( ! ,junior classes 9 ! night s*ool1 n long ago1 %[s h[ ! attempt is made1 ev5 9 s simple a matt] z a spell+ lesson1 to correlate ! ,academic "w ) ! ,indu/rial4 ,illu/ration3 ,,class ,,9 ,,physiology ,! !me ( ?is lesson 0 ,build+ a ,*e/1 & ! tea*] br\ght to ! class a small *e/ 9 :i* 7 plac$ mo/ ( ! tools & mat]ials ne$$ 9 its con/ruction4 ,! tea*] exhibit$ ea* article z he came to x 9 tell+ ! /ory1 & requir$ ! /ud5t to spell ! ^w & !n write x on ! blackbo>d z neatly z possible4 ,! synonyms & homonyms ( "s ( ! words 7 giv51 & ! /ud5t requir$ to illu/rate _! diff]5ce 9 spell+ & use4 ,! tea*] proce$$ z foll[s1 elicit+ f ! /ud5ts ! words 9 italics3 ,to build ?is article we mu/ h ,timb]1 su* z ,p9e1 or ,c$>1 or ,cypress1 & o!r ,mat]ial4 ,we also ne$ sev]al ,tools1 su* z a ,plane to ,smoo? ! ,planks2 a ,*isel to cut ^! ,dove-tails2 & "s ,glue1 ) :i* to fa/5 ! pieces toge!r sub/antially1 z we %all n ne$ ,nails4 ,!n ) ^! ,sprigs we put on ?is ,m\ld+1 :i* %\ld be cut 9 a ,mit]1 or we may cut x by ?is ,bevel1 :i* c be *ang$ to a ,squ>e4 ,we n[ put on ^! ,butts--n ,/rap-,h+es--) ,screws4 ,9 front mu/ be ,bor$ a hole & ! ,lock put on2 !n ! ,escut*eon ov] ! hole z a f9i%2 ! ,key is ins]t$1 & we h complet$ ! ,*e/4 ,a ,c>p5t]--"o engag$ 9 ,c>p5try--or a ,cab9et-,mak]1 builds ?+s l ?is1 & we call him a ,me*anic4 ,! practical usefulness ( ! ,academic ,dep>tm5t lies 9 ! aid :i* ! /udy ( physics & *emi/ry & ma!matics & draw+ (f]s to ! blacksmi?1 ! c>p5t]1 ! nurse1 & ! h\sewife--an aid t does mu* to trans=m li/lessness & drudg]y into vivacity & gratify+ effici5cy4 ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,lessons ,,9 ,,home-,,mak+ ,:ile ! m5 mu/ "w to get & keep ! home1 ! wives & daught]s mu/1 9 a great measure1 supply & gu>d ! heal?1 /r5g?1 morals1 & happ9ess ( ! family4 ,_! responsibility is great 9 all t makes = ! developm5t ( ! individual & ! community4 ,! home is built on an anci5t f\ndation among ! :ite population ( ?is c\ntry1 especially 9 ! rural communities4 ,! ,negro has _h to le>n ! mean+ ( home s9ce he le>n$ ! mean+ ( fre$om4 ,all "w :i* has to d ) 8 uplift+ mu/ beg9 ) 8 home & its surr\nd+s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,doro?y ,,hall ,,9 ,,:i* ,,mo/ ,,( ,,! ,,indu/ries ,,= ,,girls ,,are ,,taught ,^? famili> only ) ! rural life ( ! ,nor? & ,we/1 :]e1 ev5 9 pov]ty1 !re are deep-gr\nd$ habits ( ?rift & com=t1 d n "k :at home lacks among great masses ( ! cab9-dwell]s ( ! ,s\?4 ,n[h]e is !re a nobl] opportunity ?an t :i* confronts ! "y wom5 :o are le>n+ at ,hampton & ,tuskegee1 & o!r educational in/itutions1 :at home %\ld be4 ,! cr[d$ "o-room cab9 affects ! moral & physical life ( ! family1 x sl[ly de/roys ! "r incl9ations giv5 by nature to e *ild1 & develops a mann] ( life :i*1 cop]at+ ) o!r causes1 produces m5tal weakness1 loss ( ambition1 & a %iftless disreg>d ( responsibilities4 ,x goes )\t say+ t _m ( ! "y wom5 :o come to ,tuskegee ne$ su* tra9+ z w enable !m to make homes t are wor?y ! "n4 ,x is ! ne$ fir/ at h&1 & ! s*ool tries to meet x 9 a practical way4 ,! mo/ lib]al c\rses 9 lit]ature & ! sci5ces1 if !y exclude all practical tra9+ t w help a "y woman to solve ! problems :i* c5t] ar\nd h] own he>?1 w n help h] to get :at %e ne$s mo/4 ,at ,tuskegee %e is giv5 a ?or\gh ,engli% education1 %e c g out f ! s*ool & obta9 a tea*]'s position 9 a field :]e ! dem& is great] ?an ! supply1 b aft] all h] duty beg9s at home1 & x w\ld be worse ?an folly to ov]look ^! ess5tials4 ,x is int]e/+ to note1 9 ?is connection1 t1 aft] ! h\sehold tra9+ sy/em ( ,tuskegee _h be5 9 op]ation = "s "t1 ! ne$ ( simil> education = "y wom5 ^: natural advantages 7 inf9itely great] ?an ^? ( ! col\r$ girls 9 ! ,s\?1 prompt$ ! foll[+ ann\ncem5t 9 ! adv]tisem5t ( :at is1 p]haps1 ! mo/ high-pric$ & exclusive sem9>y 9 ,massa*usetts3 ,9 plann+ a sy/em ( education = "y ladies1 ) ! view ( fitt+ !m = ! greate/ usefulness 9 life1 ! idea 0 conceiv$ ( supplem5t+ ! purely intellectual "w by practical tra9+ 9 ! art ( home managem5t & its relat$ subjects4 ,x 0 ! fir/ s*ool ( high lit]>y grade to introduce c\rses 9 ,dome/ic ,sci5ce into ! regul> curriculum4 ,! results 7 s gratify+ z to lead to ! equipm5t ( ,exp]im5t ,hall1 a special build+1 fitt$ = ! purpose ( /udy+ ! pr9ciples ( ,appli$ ,h\sekeep+4 ,"h ! girls d ! actual "w ( cook+1 m>ket+1 arrang+ m5us1 & att5d to all ! affairs ( a well-arrang$ h\sehold4 ,c\rses are arrang$ also 9 sew+1 dressmak+1 & mill9]y2 !y are conduct$ on a simil> practical basis1 & equip ! /ud5t ) a ?or\gh k ( ! subject4 ,a doz5 ye>s ago1 ,i d n believe t any su* ann\ncem5t w\ld h be5 made4 ,illu/ration3 ,,le>n+ ,,dressmak+ ,at ,tuskegee !re is a mode/ dwell+ ( f\r rooms1 call$ ! practice cottage4 ,9 ! %ad[ ( ! massive brick build+s :i* surr\nd x1 ?is cottage seems to h /ray$ 9 f "s "o ( ! c\ntry roads ar\nd ,tuskegee4 ,b is has a trim & well-kept air1 su* z all c\ntry homes c h1 no matt] h[ poor & simple !y may be4 ,x conta9s a b$room1 sitt+-room1 d9+-room & kit*54 ,^! rooms are com=tably furni%$ = family h\sekeep+1 b !re is no?+ 9 !m t is n )9 rea* ( any ,alabama f>m] :o is able to make bo? ends meet4 ,mu* ( ! furniture is home-made4 ,! creton-cov]$ *airs1 divan1 & s(a are made f common b>rels1 :i* ! girls are taught to make into furniture 9 ! uphol/]+ dep>tm5t4 ,?is k9d ( utility furniture has be5 s successful = ornam5t & com=t t a good deal ( x has be5 ord]$ by visitors = _! ,nor!rn homes4 ,! floors ( ! cottage are cov]$ ) clean1 *eap matt+ & oilclo?1 & ! /ud5ts are taught to make pretty & s]viceable mats f corn-husks4 ,:atev] !re is 9 ! rooms is 9 good ta/e1 = pictures1 wall pap]1 & humble adornm5t c be work$ out 9 good ta/e )\t extra co/4 ,! girls ( ! ,s5ior class live 9 ! practice cottage 9 turn1 f\r at "o "t1 = p]iods ( five weeks4 ,!y are able to put into practice1 "u ! sup]vision ( ,mrs4 ,wa%+ton1 mu* t !y h le>n$ 9 _! s*ool life ( ?ree or f\r ye>s4 ,?is is n1 9 reality1 an exp]im5t /ation1 = ! girls are ?or\ghly equipp$ to take *>ge ( e dep>tm5t ( ! h\se1 & !y run x !mselves1 be+ held responsible only = results4 ,!y d ! sweep+1 du/+1 cook+1 wa%+1 & iron+1 sew+ if ne$ be1 & _! own m>ket+4 ,! family ( f\r is giv5 an all[ance ( n m ?an ?ree doll>s a week = food1 :i* !y inve/ at ! s*ool /ore & ! s*ool f>m4 ,) ?is all[ance !y are expect$ to set ! table = f\r1 & to run _! cuis9e ?r\gh ! week )\t any outside help4 ,?is seems a v mode/ sum1 b x is 9 fair proportion to ! av]age incomes ( ! class ( p :o ne$ j su* tra9+4 ,! girls are ?or\ghly acqua9t$ ) ! nutritive & appetis+ values ( ! foods :i* w be available 9 _! home neighb\rhoods4 ,di/+ui%$ visitors h be5 gue/s ( ! practice cottage girls1 & h enjoy$ ! simple meals1 skillfully prep>$ by ! ho/esses1 :o make no extra prep>ations4 ,on _! small all[ance1 & ) ! m5u prep>$ 9 advance1 !y are able to ent]ta9 )\t flurry or emb>rassm5t4 ,!y h be5 taught t ! true/ hospitality is 9 mak+ ! mo/ ( :at "o has to d )1 & (f]+ no apologies = ! abs5ce ( luxuries "o _c af=d4 ,! practice cottage is well kept1 & is an int]e/+ picture 9 m9iature ( ! ess5tially practical side ( ! s*ool gospel ( h>d "w ) ! h&s z a "p ( a useful education4 ,illu/ration3 ,,b>rel ,,furniture ,a ?riv+ ,tuskegee indu/ry ,( c\rse1 ?is cottage r\t9e is n all[$ to int]f]e ) ! class "w2 & :ile !y are te/+ _! ability to manage a mode/1 clean1 attractive1 livable home1 ! girls are pursu+ ! /udies !y h select$ to fit !m = _! sev]al l9es ( "w aft] graduation4 ,9 addition to ! tra9+ 9 ! ,academic ,dep>tm5t1 ^! girls are le>n+ trades1 &1 :at is m important1 h[ to make homes = !mselves or = o!rs4 ,9 ?is cottage ! ,s5ior girls r\nd out _! c\rse by ! practical application ( all ! !ories 9 h\sehold economy t !y h le>n$ dur+ ! e>li] ye>s ( _! tra9+4 ,! c\rse 9 ,dome/ic ,sci5ce is p]haps wor? outl9+ 9 "p because x is practical1 & is design$ to make ! home an uplift+ ag5cy by its daily op]ation & influ5ce3 ,fir/ ye>3 ,mak+ & c>e ( fires2 c>e & adju/m5t ( lamps us$ = cook+2 clean+ & keep+ 9 ord] ! tables1 closets1 s9ks1 & pantries2 c>e ( mat]ial z x comes f m>ket2 wa%+ kit*5 & cook+ di%es1 & c>e ( bak+-b[ls1 di%-t[els1 & di%-clo?s2 clean+ pa9t$ & unpa9t$ woodwork2 wa%+ w9d[s1 sweep+ & du/+2 ! prop] use & c>e ( ut5sils2 mak+ breads )\t yea/2 mak+ biscuit1 cornbread1 sweet & :ite potato1 graham & oatmeal bread2 muff9s ( ea* ( ! fl\rs1 & comb9ations ( rice or grits ) !m2 mak+ diff]5t k9ds ( toa/ & us+ /ale breads2 cook+ vegetables 9 simple ways4 ,! simple/ =ms ( cook+ meats2 mak+ pla91 br[n & milk gravies & sweet sauces2 cook+ c]eals & s]v+ 9 v>i\s ways2 also cook+ fi% & eggs4 ,second ye>3 ,c>e ( silv]1 glass1 *9a1 brass & nickel2 c>e ( table l952 lay+ table = diff]5t meals1 wait+1 cle>+ table & wa%+ di%es2 clean+ oil$ floors2 lessons on provid+ mat]ial = meals1 & calculat+ co/4 ,prep>+ giv5 m5us1 & e/imat+ "t requir$ 9 prep>ation2 mak+ yea/ bread1 br[n & :ite1 rolls1 muff9s1 c(fee1 spice & rais9 bread4 ,s\p-mak+1 ) & )\t meat2 pures f beans1 peas & o!r vegetables1 ) or )\t milk2 /ews1 ha%es1 m9ces4 ,clean+ & cook+ *ick5 9 v>i\s ways2 bacon3 boil$1 fri$4 ,mak+ tea1 *ocolate1 c(fee & cocoa4 ,! ?ird ye> deals ) ! !ory ( foods1 _! s\rce1 selection & composition & economic value1 & ! practice ( pr9ciples involv$ 9 diff]5t me?ods ( prep>ation4 ,! f\r? & f9al ye> cov]s ! /udy ( diet>ies1 includ+ ! arrangem5t ( bills ( f>e = daily liv+1 9 :i* ! exp5se is limit$ to fifty c5ts = ea* p]son1 & d9n]s ( ?ree c\rses = six p]sons4 ,illu/ration3 ,,class ,,9 ,,cook+ ,9 ! s*ool laundry ! "y wom5 are taught ! art ( wa%+ & iron+ accord+ to improv$ me?ods4 ,two wa%]s1 an extractor1 a mangle1 />*]1 coll> & cuff iron]1 h be5 add$ to light5 ! drudg]y4 ,dry+-rooms & iron+-rooms provid$ ) excell5t facilities af=d means = ?or\gh tea*+4 ,all ( ! wa%+ = tea*]s & /ud5ts1 includ+ b$ & table l951 is done 9 ?is dep>tm5t4 ,! c\rse cov]s "o s*ool ye>4 ,x is ! policy ( ! ,in/itute to give special att5tion to ! tra9+ ( girls 9 all matt]s p]ta9+ to dress1 heal?1 etiquette1 physical culture & g5]al h\sekeep+4 ,! girls are con/antly "u ! /rict & wat*ful c>e ( ! ,dean ( ! ,woman's ,dep>tm5t & ! wom5 tea*]s4 ,special rules gov]n+ ! conduct ( ! girls are made kn[n to ea* girl ^u h] arrival4 ,9 addition to ! g5]al tra9+1 !y receive special practical talks f v>i\s memb]s ( ! ,faculty on su* matt]s z relate to ! c>e ( ! body1 social purity1 etc4 ,! c\rse 9 h\sehold tra9+ includes su* in/ruction z3--,! location & sanitation ( ! home4 ,furniture3 its pur*ase1 arrangem5t1 & prop] c>e4 ,surr\nd+s & _! advantages4 ,clean+3 lamps1 b$s1 b$rooms1 & g5]al weekly clean+4 ,! c>e ( ! d9+-room3 s]v+ ! table & ! c>e ( l951 silv]1 pantry1 di%es1 & t[els4 ,! duties & mann]s ( ! ho/ess4 ,! furni%+ & c>e ( ! kit*54 ,m>ket+1 & economy1 punctuality1 & regul>ity 9 prep>ation ( food4 ,! sick-room3 its attractions & prop] v5tilation4 ,*ang+ ! pati5t's clo?+ & b$d+4 ,fe$+ & visit+ ! sick4 ,y>ds & ou?\ses3 h[ to keep clean & h[ to beautify4 ,! h\sekeep]'s p]sonal appe>ance4 ,dress3 :at to we> & ! colors suitable4 ,! hospital & tra9+-s*ool = nurses 7 organis$ to provide = ! physical ne$s ( ! ,tuskegee colony1 & to equip "y wom5 = effici5t s]vice among _! p4 ,a beautiful two-/ory hospital build+1 ) all mod]n improvem5ts1 has be5 f9i%$1 ) enl>g$ facilities = ! c>e ( pati5ts4 ,! facilities = ! tra9+ ( nurses are excell5t & ! /&>d ( admission high4 ,graduates f ! hospital are do+ good "w1 _m ( !m hold+ excell5t positions 9 ! hospitals1 s*ools & private infirm>ies ?r\gh\t ! ,s\?4 ,! five ,tuskegee nurses s5t to ! front 9 ! ,spani%-,am]ican w> 7 ! only col\r$ female nurses employ$ by ! ,gov]nm5t4 ,! c\rse ( /udy cov]s ?ree ye>s1 b is s arrang$ t /ud5ts ( exceptional ability are able to complete x 9 two4 ,illu/ration3 ,,an ,,out-,,(-,,door ,,class ,,9 ,,laundry ,,"w ,at ! ,m\nt ,meig's ,s*ool ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,outdoor ,,"w ,,= ,,wom5 ,sev5 ye>s ago ,i became impress$ ) ! idea t !re 0 a wid] range ( indu/rial "w = our girls4 ,! idea grew ^u me t x 0 unwise 9 a climate l ours 9 ! ,s\? to n>r[ ! "w ( our girls1 & conf9e !m to indoor occupations4 ,if "o makes a close /udy ( economic conditions 9 ! ,s\?1 he w soon be conv9c$ t "o ( ! weak po9ts is ! want ( occupations = wom54 ,?is lack ( opportunity gr[s l>gely out ( traditional prejudice & because ( lack ( skill4 ,all ?r\gh ! p]iod ( slav]y1 ! idea prevail$ t wom51 n slaves1 %\ld d z little "w z possible ) _! h&s4 ,!re 7 notable exceptions1 b ?is 0 ! rule4 ,mo/ ( ! "w inside ! homes 0 done by ! col\r$ wom54 ,su* a ?+ z cook+1 sew+1 & laund]+1 z "p ( a :ite woman's education1 0 n ?\ght ( 9 ! days ( slav]y4 ,tra9+ 9 art1 music1 & g5]al lit]ature 0 emphasis$4 ,:5 ! col\r$ girl became free1 %e naturally crav$ ! same education 9 :i* %e _h se5 ! :ite woman specialis+4 ,i h already describ$ our trials at ! ,tuskegee ,in/itute1 9 attempt+ to get our girls to feel & see t !y %\ld secure ! mo/ ?or\gh education 9 ev]y?+ relat+ to ! c>e ( a home4 ,:5 we 7 able to free !m ( ! idea t x 0 degrad+ to /udy & practice ^? h\sehold duties :i* are connect$ ) "o's life e day 9 ! ye>1 ,i felt conv9c$ t "o o!r /ep 0 necess>y4 ,new ,engl& & mo/ ( ! ,middle ,/ates are l>gely engag$ 9 manufactur+4 ,! factories1 !re=e1 naturally give employm5t to a l>ge numb] ( wom54 ,! ,s\? is n yet 9 any l>ge degree manufactur+ t]ritory1 b is an agricultural section & w probably rema9 su* = a long p]iod4 ,?is fact confirm$ my belief t an indu/rial s*ool %\ld n only give tra9+ 9 h\sehold occupations to wom51 b %\ld g fur!r 9 meet+ _! ne$s & 9 provid+ education = !m 9 out-(-door indu/ries4 ,illu/ration3 ,,outdoor ,,"w ,,= ,,girls ,9 mak+ a /udy ( ?is subject x became evid5t t ! climate ( e ,s\!rn ,/ate 0 peculi>ly adapt$ to out-(-door "w = wom54 ,a little lat] ,i _h ! opportunity ( go+ to ,europe & visit+ ! agricultural college = wom5 at ,swanley1 ,engl&4 ,!re ,i f\nd ab\t =ty wom5 f "s ( ! be/ families ( ,great ,brita94 ,_m ( ^! wom5 7 graduates ( high s*ools & colleges4 ,9 ! morn+ ,i saw !m 9 ! laboratory & class room /udy+ botany & *emi/ry & ma!matics z appli$ to agriculture & horticulture4 ,9 ! aft]noon ^! same wom5 7 clad 9 suitable g>m5ts & at "w 9 ! field ) ! hoe or rake1 plant+ vegetable se$s1 prun+ fruit trees or le>n+ to raise p\ltry & bees & h[ to c>e = ! dairy4 ,aft] ,i _h se5 ?is "w & _h made a close /udy ( x1 ,i saw all ! m cle>ly :at %\ld be done = ! col\r$ girls ( ! ,s\? :]e !re 0 s l>ge an unemploy$ proportion ( ! population4 ,i reason$ t if ?is k9d ( h&-tra9+ is necess>y = a p :o h back ( !m ! c5turies ( ,engli% weal? & culture1 x is t5fold m ne$ful = a p :o are 9 ! condition ( my race at ! ,s\?4 ,i came home det]m9$ to beg9 ! tra9+ ( a portion ( our wom5 at ,tuskegee 9 ! outdoor indu/ries4 ,mrs4 ,wa%+ton1 :o _h made a c>eful /udy ( ! "w 9 ,engl&1 took *>ge ( ! outdoor "w at ,tuskegee4 ,at fir/ ! girls 7 v timid4 ,!y felt a%am$ to h any "o see !m at "w 9 ! g>d5 or or*>d4 ,! "y m5 & "s ( ! wom5 7 incl9$ to ridicule ^? :o 7 bold en\gh to lead (f4 ,n a few became disc\rag$ & /opp$4 ,!re is no?+ h>d] to ov]come ?an an unreasonable prejudice aga9/ an occupation or a race4 ,! m unreasonable x is1 ! h>d] x is to conqu]4 ,mrs4 ,wa%+ton made a c>eful /udy ( ! girls & discov]$ ! social lead]s ( a c]ta9 gr\p4 ,) ?is k 9 h& %e call$ ! lead]s toge!r & _h sev]al conf]5ces ) !m & expla9$ 9 detail j :at 0 desir$ & :at ! plans 74 ,^! lead]s decid$ t !y w\ld be ! pione]s 9 ! outdoor "w4 ,beg9n+ 9 a v mode/ way ) a few girls1 ! outdoor "w has gr[n f ye> to ye>1 until x is n[ a recognis$ "p ( ! "w ( ! s*ool1 & ! idea t ?is k9d ( lab\r is degrad+ has almo/ disappe>$4 ,9 ord] to give1 if possible1 a m practical idea ( j :at is taught ! girls1 ,i give ! entire c\rse ( /udy4 ,9 read+ ?is x %\ld be borne 9 m9d t ! !ory is n only giv51 b 9 ea* case ! girls h ! tra9+ 9 actual "w4 ,s9ce ! s*ool ye> op5s 9 ! fall1 ! "w naturally beg9s ) ! indu/ries relat+ to ! fall & w9t]4 ,! c\rse ( /udy is3 ,fir/ ,ye>4--,fall ,t]m4--,dairy+4--,! home dairy is fir/ tak5 up1 & a detail$ k ( ! foll[+ facts taught3 ,k9ds1 use & c>e ( ut5sils1 gravity1 cream+4 ,a /udy ( /one1 wood51 & t9 *urns1 rip5+ ( cream1 *urn+1 work+ & salt+ butt]1 prep>ation & m>ket+ ( same4 ,fe$+ & c>e ( dairy c[s4 ,p\ltry ,rais+4--,a work+ k is requir$ ( ! economic value ( p\ltry on ! f>m1 pure & mix$ bre$s1 pla9 p\ltry-h\se con/ruction1 mak+ ( y>ds1 ne/s1 & runs4 ,horticulture4--,in/ruction is giv5 z to ! importance ( an or*>d & small fruits1 v>ieties be/ suit$1 p>ticul> locality1 selection & prep>ation ( gr\nd1 sett+1 trimm+1 ext]m9ation ( bor]s1 lice1 etc41 special /ress be+ laid ^u ! quality & quantity ( pea*es1 pe>s1 apples1 plums1 figs1 grapes1 & /rawb]ries t %\ld be plant$ 9 a home or*>d4 ,floriculture & ,l&scape ,g>d5+4--,a /udy ( our door-y>ds1 h[ to utilise & beautify !m4 ,! k9ds1 c>e1 & use ( tools us$ 9 floriculture & l&scape g>d5+4 ,trimm+ & %ap+ ( b$s & bord]s1 & ! g5]al c>e ( %rubb]y & fl[]s4 ,! ga!r+ & sav+ ( se$4 ,special treatm5t ( rose bu%es & %rubb]y4 ,m>ket ,g>d5+4--,importance ( prop] managem5t ( ! home g>d51 its value to ! home1 selection & prep>ation ( gr\nd2 k9ds1 c>e & use ( tools1 plant+1 g>d5+ & m>ket+ ( all vegetables4 ,ga!r+ ( se$s1 dry+ ( pumpk9s1 okra1 & fruits4 ,live ,/ock4--,/udy is limit$ :olly to ord9>y f>m animals2 ! numb] & k9d ne$$1 h[1 :5 & :at to fe$2 *>act]i/ics & utility ( ! v>i\s animals4 ,w9t] ,t]m4--,dairy+4-,! comm]cial dairy is ! subject ( /udy1 & emphasis is laid ^u ! foll[+3 ,use ( sep>ators1 ( :i* ! s*ool has two lead+ /yles2 *urns1 fe$+1 & c>e ( ! dairy h]d1 bre$s ( dairy cattle & _! selection1 butt]-mak+1 pack+1 salt+ & prep>ation = m>ket4 ,p\ltry ,rais+4--,special /udy ( bre$+ & fe$+4 ,:51 h[ & :at k9d ( eggs & ! bre$ ( f[ls to set2 ! p]iod ( incubation1 p\ltry book-keep+1 sav+ ( eggs = m>ket2 an introductory ( /udy ( "y *ick5s4 ,floriculture & ,l&scape ,g>d5+4--,trimm+ ( b$s & bord]s1 mul*+1 ty+1 wrapp+1 & prep>ation ( plants = ! w9t]4 ,w9t] decoration ( gr\nds1 ! decorative value ( native %rubb]y2 a /udy ( w9d[ plants1 _! value 9 ! home1 halls & public build+s1 _! economic value1 etc4 ,m>ket ,g>d5+4--,! selection ( gr\nds & mak+ ( hotb$s1 cold frames1 etc41 plant+ & manag+ ( same1 ! rais+ ( w9t] vegetables1 m>ket+4 ,spr+ ,t]m4--,dairy+4--,milk+2 a /udy ( pa/ures1 h[ to de/roy lice & o!r p>asites1 ! c>e ( calves1 ! utilisation ( wa/e 9 ! dairy2 laboratory "w4 ,p\ltry ,rais+4--,a m advanc$ /udy ( "y p\ltry2 brood]s1 sanitation ( ! h\se1 runs1 & ( all ! app>atus2 egg-te/+1 m\lt+ & its effects ^u diff]5t bre$s4 ,horticulture4--,spr+ plant+1 trimm+1 budd+1 graft+1 spray+1 c>e ( grape v9es2 ! wire & po/ sy/em ( supports2 spr+ lay]+ & cutt+s4 ,floriculture & ,l&scape ,g>d5+4--,r5ew+ ( b$s & bord]s1 se$ s[+1 special /udy ( propagation by lay]s1 cutt+s1 division ( roots1 bulbs1 etc42 k9ds & uses ( f]tilis]s = ?is special season4 ,m>ket ,g>d5+4--,prep>ation ( gr\nd1 :at & h[ to plant1 special /ress be+ laid ^u ! production ( e>ly vegetables = ! home & m>ket4 ,reproduction ( plants by se$s & by division ( numb]s2 wat] & its (fice 9 plant economy4 ,live ,/ock4--,c\rse includes ! hi/ory1 developm5t1 *>act]i/ics1 /&>d po9ts1 utility1 adaptability to climatic conditions2 lessons on judg+1 c>e1 selection & managem5t ( ! lead+ bre$s ( horses1 %eep & hogs4 ,second ,ye>4--,fall ,t]m4--,dairy+4--,a m compreh5sive /udy ( milk & its con/itu5ts2 we$s & _! h>mful effect ^u dairy products2 g5]al sanitation ( dairy b>ns2 ! draw+ ( plans1 etc4 ,p\ltry ,rais+4--,insecticides1 h[ to make1 :5 & h[ mu* to use1 diseases ( f[ls & _! treatm5t4 ,a /udy ( foods & _! adaptability to diff]5t bre$s1 special /udy ( turkeys & gu9eas4 ,horticulture4--,root & /em graft+ ) active & dormant buds2 =mation ( trunk & top />*1 & its relation to ! h>d9ess ( fruits & %rubs1 botany ( ! or*>d1 entomology2 book-keep+4 ,floriculture & ,l&scape ,g>d5+4--,sy/ematic botany1 b\quet-mak+--h>mony ( col\r1 =m & size ( fl[]s2 lay+ out ( private & public gr\nds1 roads1 p>ks1 walks1 & /reets2 entomology ( ! fl[] g>d54 ,m>ket ,g>d5+4--,botany ( ! field & g>d52 physical analysis ( soils & ! improvem5t ( clay & s&y soils2 ! depletion ( plant food & its replacem5t by direct & indirect f]tilis]s2 ! s\rce ( c>bon1 nitrog5 & oxyg54 ,dra9+4 ,live ,/ock4--,h[ to hit* & unhit* horses1 ! c>e ( vehicles & h>ness1 h[ to drive1 ! names ( common diseases & treatm5t ( sick animals2 sw9e = pr(it4 ,w9t] ,t]m4--,dairy+4--,! weigh+ & record+ ( milk 9 a comm]cial dairy2 ! ,babcock & o!r me?ods ( te/+ milk2 composition ( *eese & its value z a food4 ,p\ltry ,rais+4--,composition ( ! animal body2 a special /udy ( ducks & geese2 brood]s1 ponds1 runs1 etc41 by-products & _! value4 ,horticulture4--,=e/ry1 botany1 cryptogamic & sy/ematic2 nut culture2 pres]vation ( timb]1 ! economic value ( diff]5t woods2 ! relation ( =e/s to climate1 wat] supply1 floods & erosion4 ,m>ket ,g>d5+4--,a /udy ( ! life-hi/ory ( insects1 injuries to /or$ gra91 peas1 beans1 meal1 fl\r1 dri$ fruits2 botany ( ! gre5h\se1 cold frame & hotb$s2 ! use ( !rmomet]s4 ,a /udy ( m>kets1 libr>y "w4 ,spr+ ,t]m4--,dairy+4--,cottage & ,*$d> *eese-mak+1 scor+ ( butt]1 bact]iology ( milk1 butt]1 & *eese4 ,judg+ ( dairy animals by ! score-c>d me?od1 diseases ( c[s & _! treatm5t2 analysis ( food /uffs4 ,p\ltry ,rais+4--,physical & *emical /udy ( foods1 libr>y "w1 fancy bre$s1 :at & h[ to exhibit1 ! hi/ory & developm5t ( ! indu/ry4 ,h]$ity & ! effects ( 9-bre$+4 ,horticulture4--,orig9 ( new v>ieties by cross-f]tilisation1 hybrids1 sports1 atavisms & rev]sion1 correlation betwe5 plants & animals1 rejuv5at+ by prun+1 graft+ & scrap+ ! b>k1 special diseases ( bo? trees & fruit1 & _! treatm5t4 ,knot-gr[?1 blight1 gum excresc5ces & fro/ injuries2 dry+1 pres]v+1 mak+ fruit syrups1 etc4 ,horticulture & ,l&scape ,g>d5+4--,special design+ 9 cultivat$ fl[]s4 ,orig9 ( new species2 bees & _! relation to ! =e/ & g>d52 ! hiv+ ( bees & aft]-managem5t4 ,a /udy ( honey-produc+ plants2 ! economic value ( ! honey4 ,m>ket ,g>d5+4--,relation ( crops1 geology ( ! g>d51 agricultural *emi/ry1 good roads & _! relation to ! success & value ( ! f>m1 m9]alogy & useful birds & insects4 ,i believe t all :o w make a c>eful /udy ( ! subject w agree ) me t !re is a va/ unexplor$ field = wom5 9 ! op5 air4 ,! ,s\?1 ) its mild climate & o!r advantages1 is z well adapt$ to out-door lab\r = wom5 z to t = m54 ,!re is n only an advantage 9 mat]ial welf>e1 b !re is ! advantage ( a sup]ior m5tal & moral gr[?4 ,! av]age woman :o works 9 a factory becomes little m ?an a ma*9e4 ,h] plann+ & ?9k+ is done = h]4 ,n s ) ! woman :o dep5ds ^u rais+ p\ltry1 = in/ance1 = a liv+4 ,%e mu/ plan ?is ye> = next1 ?is mon? = ! next4 ,naturally !re is a gr[? ( self-reliance1 indep5d5ce1 & initiative4 ,life out 9 ! sweet1 pure1 brac+ air is bett] f bo? a physical & a moral po9t ( view ?an long days sp5t 9 ! close atmosph]e ( a factory or /ore4 ,!re is almo/ no f9ancial risk to be enc\nt]$1 9 ! ,s\?1 9 foll[+ ! occupations :i* ,i h enum]at$4 ,! imm$iate dem&s = ! products ( g>d51 dairy1 p\ltry y>d1 api>y1 or*>d1 etc41 are press+ & ev] pres5t4 ,! satisfaction & s5se ( indep5d5ce t w come to a woman :o is brave en\gh to foll[ any ( ^! outdoor occupations inf9itely surpass ! results ( su* unc]ta9 labor z t ( p$dl+ books or *eap jewelry1 or simil> employm5ts1 & ,i believe t a l>g] numb] ( our s*ools 9 ! ne> future w see ! importance ( outdoor h&work = wom54 ,!re is consid]able significance 9 ! fact t ?is ye> m ?an fifty girls h tak5 up ! /udy ( sci5tific f>m+ at ! ,m9nesota ,college ( ,agriculture1 & h ?us ann\nc$ _! int5tion to adh]e to c\ntry life4 ,! college has be5 9 exi/5ce = ! pa/ decade1 b girls h only rec5tly be5 admitt$4 ,! "* ( ! in/ruction available to ! girl /ud5ts is sugge/ive4 ,! c\rse pres5t$ emphasises ! sci5ces ( botany1 *emi/ry1 physics & geology1 requir+1 dur+ ! fre%man & sophomore ye>s at lea/1 two t]ms' "w 9 ea* ( !m4 ,boys & girls "w toge!r ?r\gh\t two-?irds ( ! entire c\rse1 :i* includes /udy 9 language1 ma!matics1 sci5ce1 civics1 & consid]able te*nical "w4 ,9 ! c\rses = girls1 cook+1 laund]+ & sew+ are sub/itut$ = c>p5try1 blacksmi?+ & vet]9>y sci5ce4 ,! girls1 too1 give m att5tion to h\sehold art1 home economy & dome/ic hygi5e ?an to ! bus9ess aspect ( f>m+4 ,x is happily ! *ief purpose ( ! college to awak5 9 its entire /ud5t body a ke5 int]e/ 9 f>m+1 f>m life1 ! f>m-h\se & f>m society4 ,bo? boys & girls are taught to plan f>m build+s & to lay out ! gr\nds arti/ically4 ,consid]able att5tion is giv5 to ! furni%+ ( h\ses1 to lit]ature1 music & social culture1 ) ! g5]al ?\ght ( mak+ ! f>m home ! mo/ attractive spot on e>?4 ,! result ( ! new movem5t is be+ wat*$ ) ke5 int]e/ by agriculturi/s & educators4 ,x is evid5t t1 %\ld x prove successful1 ! innovation w spread to o!r agricultural ,/ates4 ,its influ5ce1 "o readily appreh5ds1 is apt to be social z well z agricultural 9 "*4 ,h]et(ore1 "o great drawback to f>m+1 ev5 9 ! ,nor?1 has be5 ! difficulty ( keep+ ! f>m]s' sons on ! f>m4 ,) tra9$ & educat$ girls en?usia/ically tak+ up ! pr(ession ( f>m+1 ! c\ntry life w take on new *>ms1 & ! exodus ( "y m5 to cities w be mat]ially less5$4 ,,*apt] ,x ,,help+ ,,! ,,mo!rs ,some?+ ab\t ! ,woman's ,meet+1 organis$ & conduct$ 9 ! t[n ( ,tuskegee by ,mrs4 ,wa%+ton1 seems n out ( place 9 ?is book4 ,x is h] "w1 & %e has k9dly suppli$ ! foll[+ outl9e ( ! aims & results ( ?is attempt to bett] ! conditions & lives ( ! p liv+ 9 ?is typical ,alabama community3 ,9 ! spr+ ( '#ib1 ! fir/ ,negro ,conf]5ce = f>m]s 0 held at ,tuskegee4 ,! purpose ( ?is conf]5ce 0 to inspire ! masses ( col\r$ p to secure homes ( _! own1 to help !m to bett] ways ( liv+1 to insi/ ^u bett] educational advantages = !m1 & s to raise _! /&>ds ( liv+1 morally1 physically1 intellectually & f9ancially4 ,sitt+ 9 t fir/ meet+ ( ,negro f>m]s & he>+ ! resolutions :i* /ood z ! plat=m ( ! conf]5ce1 ,i felt t hi/ory 0 repeat+ itself4 ,9 ! days ( ,lucretia ,mott1 & ! e>ly /ruggles ( ,susan ,b4 ,an?ony1 wom5 _h no rights t 7 wor? m5tion+1 &1 not)/&+ ! fact t !re 7 _m wom5 pres5t at ?is fir/ conf]5ce1 !y _h little actual place 9 x4 ,p]haps !y did n realise t !y1 too1 _h a mo/ prom95t "p to play 9 ! life :i* _! lov]s1 or _! sons & husb&s1 7 urg$ to seek4 ,p]haps !y did n dream t !y w\ld "s day h a vital "p 9 ! uplift+ ( our p4 ,?is ?\ght w\ld n be /ill$3 ,:at c ^! poor f>m]s d ) ! new ideas1 new hopes1 new aspirations1 unless ! wom5 c be equally inspir$ & int]e/$ 9 conf]5ces ( _! own8 ,n _m days pass$ be=e !re 0 a fix$ purpose 9 my m9d t ^! wom5 9 ! homes repres5t$ by ! f>m]s %\ld be rea*$4 ,h[ to rea* & help !m 0 ! "q4 ,aft] _m we>y days & sleepless nights1 pray+ = "s way to op51 ! ?\ght came t ! village ( ,tuskegee 0 a good place to beg9 "w4 ,! c\ntry wom51 tir$ ( ! monotony ( _! lives1 came cr[d+ into ! village e ,saturday4 ,!re %\ld be a place = !m to g to be in/ruct$ = an h\r or m ea* ,saturday4 ,l a fla% ! idea 0 caught up1 & x 0 n let g until su* a place 0 secur$4 ,our fir/ conf]5ce 0 held 9 ! upp] /ory ( a v dilapidat$ /ore :i* /&s on ! ma9 /reet ( ! village4 ,! /airs 7 s rickety t we 7 (t5 afraid to asc5d !m4 ,! room 0 us$ by ! col\r$ firem5 ( ! village1 & 0 a d>k & dre>y place1 un9vit+ ev5 to me4 ,x answ]$ our purpose = ! "t4 ,we _h no r5t to pay1 & t 0 "o less burd5 = u4 ,h[ to get ! wom5 to ! fir/ meet+ 0 n easily settl$4 ,= fe> ( opposition f fri5ds1 no m5tion _h be5 made ( ! plan1 except to ! man :o let me h ! room4 ,t fir/ ,saturday ,i walk$ up ! /airs alone1 & sat d[n 9 ! room ) all its utt] dre>9ess4 ,my he>t almo/ fail$ me1 & n until ,i rememb]$ ^! words3 ,no man1 hav+ put 8 h& to ! pl[ & look+ back1 is fit = ! ,k+dom ( ,god1 did ,i ?r[ (f ! despond5cy4 ,at ?is mom5t a small boy ent]$ ! room4 ,i said to him1 ,g ?r\gh ! /reets & say to ea* woman1 s t no "o else w he> y1 !re is a woman up ^? /airs :o has some?+ = y4 ,t fir/ meet+ ,i c nev] =get4 ,!re 7 six wom5 :o came1 & ea* "o z %e look$ at me seem$ to say3 ,:]e is x8 ,we talk$ x all ov]1 ! ne$s ( our wom51 ! be/ ways ( help+ ea* o!r1 & !re 0 begun ! fir/ woman's weekly conf]5ce1 :i* n[ numb]s ne>ly ?ree hundr$ wom54 ,we n[ h a l>ge1 roomy hall on ! ma9 /reet1 :]e we come toge!r ea* ,saturday1 & sp5d two h\rs talk+ ( ! ?+s :i* g to make bett] & tru] lives among wom5 & *ildr54 ,wom5 come long di/ances on foot to ^! meet+s4 ,!y soon br\ght ) !m _! little girls1 :om !y c\ld n af=d to leave at home1 & !re arose a new "q--:at to d ) ! *ildr58 ,a plan 0 hit ^u1 & a room hir$4 ,^! girls1 n[ m ?an fifty 9 numb]1 are taught simple lessons1 &1 at ! same "t1 receive %ort practical talks on behavi\r at home1 on ! /reets & else:]e4 ,we also h a small libr>y = !m1 & ea* "o is all[$ to draw ! books %e wants1 to keep two weeks or long]4 ,we also h picture books on ! table = ! y\ng] *ildr54 ,we are n[ try+ to get games = ^! *ildr5 & pictures = ! walls ( ! room4 ,a fri5d gives two h\rs ( h] "t on ,saturday to ^! *ildr51 & x delights "o's he>t to see ! improvem5t 9 !m 9 all directions1 especially 9 _! quiet & becom+ conduct on ! /reets4 ,! m>k$ improvem5t among ! wom5 9 ! matt] ( dress has be5 frequ5tly comm5t$ ^u 9 ! village4 ,!y are do+ away ) ! wrapp+ ( ! hair1 & sub/itut+ = x braid+ or "s o!r simple arrangem5t4 ,! wom5 no long] g b>efoot$1 nor d !y sit ar\nd ! /reets 9 a li/less way4 ,!re is less famili>ity among ! m5 & wom5 9 ! /reets1 & 9 _m ways ! wom5 are be+ l$ into bett] ways ( conduct1 to say no?+ ( home improvem5ts & ! clos] union ( family life4 ,we visit ! homes ( ! wom5 & see t ! lessons are put into practice4 ,we h giv5 out ?\s&s ( pap]s & picture c>ds1 t ! cracks might be clos$ aga9/ ! w9d & ra91 & t ! *ildr5 ( ! home might h some?+ besides ! d>k & *e]less logs to look at4 ,soon ! wom5 began to see ! importance ( ^! conf]5ces1 & to d all 9 _! p[] to promote _! int]e/s4 ,our talks 7 discuss$ on ! f>ms & 9 neighb\rhood *at4 ,_! influ5ce spread 9 indirect *annels4 ,^! talks 7 plann$ along su* simple & practical l9es z ! foll[+ subjects sugge/3 ,morals among "y girls4 ,! k9ds ( amusem5ts = "y girls4 ,a "m's example4 ,a "m's duty to h] home4 ,dresses = wom5 & *ildr54 ,p\ltry rais+ = wom54 ,! "p a woman %\ld take 9 secur+ a home4 ,fruit cann+1 etc4 ,_m o!r subjects 7 sugge/$ by ! wom5 !mselves1 & aft]w>d put 9 writt5 =m s t !y c\ld read !m intellig5tly4 ,_m ( ! talks 7 gr\p$ 9 a little book = wom5 :o c\ld n rea* ! conf]5ces4 ,^! books conta9 also little recipes :i* any woman may ne$ 9 h] c\ntry home1 especially :5 !re is sickness 9 ! family4 ,"w = ! masses is always m difficult ?an = ! individual1 b x is "w :i* mu/ be done4 ,eighty p] c5t4 ( our wom5 h _! homes 9 ! c\ntry or on ! plantations1 !y live 9 ! old-"t log cab9s1 b !y h he>ts1 !y h aspirations = ! future4 ,9 pursuance ( ! ideas :i* prompt$ ?is humble crusade1 ,i h s5t out leaflets :i* embody1 among o!rs1 ^! sugge/ions = tea*]s & o!r work]s1 :i* ,i h f\nd exce$+ly helpful 9 organis+ home-union meet+s = mo!rs3 ,decide ^u a def9ite "t = hold+ a meet+1 & !n s5d notice to ! mo!rs by ! s*ool *ildr54 ,once e ?ree or six mon?s h a g5]al meet+ ) simple refre%m5ts su* z c be gott5 9 a c\ntry village4 ,n[ & !n an exp]i5ce meet+ c be held to ! advantage ( all4 ,enc\rage ! wom5 to talk freely ( _! own plans4 ,f9d out by judici\s visit+ :e!r any advancem5t is made4 ,d n expect too mu* 9 a %ort "t1 &1 above all1 d n be dictatorial :ile visit+1 or p]sonal 9 meet+s :5 y wi% to deal ) mi/akes t y h se5 9 ! homes visit$4 ,,"s ,,subjects ,,= ,,talks ,h[ to keep home neat & tidy4 ,h[ to make home attractive = husb& & *ildr54 ,amusem5ts1 music & read+ 9 ! home circle4 ,is x necess>y to tea* ! girls to d good by tea*+ !m h[ to d h\sework1 cook+ & sew+8 ,! relations ( mo!rs to _! *ildr54 ,h[ to ga9 ! confid5ce ( *ildr54 ,h[ to correct falsehood & !ft among boys & girls4 ,is !re n a %>e 9 ! home = ! boys8 ,h[ to tea* boys & m5 to respect wom5 g5]ally by tea*+ !m to respect mo!rs & si/]s4 ,! "m's au?ority 9 select+ company = h] sons & daught]s4 ,:5 %\ld a girl be all[$ to receive company8 ,h[ c a "m help h] to avoid mi/akes z reg>ds ! "y man %e loves8 ,:at "p %\ld a woman take ) h] husb& 9 secur+ a home or a piece ( l& on :i* to build "o8 ,:at is ! effect ^u ! face :5 ! hair is wrapp$ ) col\r$ /r+s8 ,:y n plat x or arrange x 9 "s o!r becom+ way8 ,%\ld wom5 g b>efoot$8 ,love ( gaudy dress = *ildr54 ,:at w ! result be :5 !y are old] & _c af=d to buy ! same sort8 ,mann]s on ! /reet4 ,necessity ( v>y+ diet = ! h\sehold4 ,economy 9 ! h\se z reg>ds food4 ,! prop] duty ( mo!rs 9 hav+ ! family table set ) c>e at ! prop] "t4 ,! importance ( v5tilation1 prop] food1 & cleanl9ess ( body on ! moral atmosph]e ( ! home4 ,:at lessons c be drawn f ,?anksgiv+ ,day1 ,new ,ye>'s & ,*ri/mas8 ,! "m's relation to ! *ur* & ! m9i/]4 ,h[ ! family %\ld g to *ur*4 ,isn't x bett] if all g toge!r & sit toge!r1 too8 ,h[ c boys & girls be taught ! habit ( giv+ to ! *ur* & *>itable purposes8 ,h[ may mo!rs & _! daught]s be/ resi/ m5 :o attempt to rob !m ( _! hon\r & virtue8 ,! be/ way to inspire *ildr5 to purity ( ?\ght1 spee*1 & action1 at home & abroad8 ,9 a leaflet ( practical help1 = ^! mo!rs' meet+s1 "s ( ! simple tea*+s are put 9 detail =m1 & ^! may give an idea ( :at we are try+ to d 9 ^! directions1 & :at are ! common ne$s ( ! p among :om we are work+4 ,"u ! head ( ,y\r ,ne$s are ! foll[+ items3 ,y ne$ *airs 9 y\r h\ses4 ,get boxes4 ,cov] !m ) bright calico1 & use !m = seats until y c buy *airs4 ,y ne$ plates1 knives & =ks1 spoons & table-clo?s4 ,buy !m ) tobacco & snuff money4 ,y ne$ m respect = self4 ,get x by /ay+ away f /reet corn]s1 depots1 &1 above all1 excursions4 ,y ne$ to /ay away f ^! excursions to keep out ( bad company1 out ( c\rt1 out ( jail1 & out ( ! disgu/ ( e self-respect+ p]son4 ,y ne$ m race pride4 ,cultivate ?is z y w\ld y\r crops4 ,x means a /ep =w>d4 ,y ne$ a good home4 ,save all y c4 ,get y\r own home1 & t w br+ y ne>] citiz5%ip4 ,y c supply all ^! ne$s4 ,:5 w y beg98 ,e mom5t ( delay is loss4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,become ,,prosp]\s ,keep no m ?an "o dog4 ,/ay away f c\rt4 ,buy no snuff1 :isky & tobacco4 ,raise y\r own pork4 ,raise y\r own vegetables4 ,put away ?irty c5ts = e doll> y sp5d4 ,get a good supply ( p\ltry4 ,set y\r h5s4 ,keep y\r *ick5s until !y w br+ a good price4 ,g to t[n on ,?ursday in/ead ( ,saturday4 ,buy no m ?an y ne$4 ,/ay 9 t[n no long] ?an necess>y4 ,,my ,,daily ,,"w ,i may take 9 wa%+1 b e day ,i promise myself t ,i w d c]ta9 "w = my family4 ,i w set ! table = e meal4 ,i w wa% ! di%es aft] e meal4 ,monday ,i w d my family wa%+4 ,i w put my b$clo!s out to air4 ,i w clean ! food closet ) hot wat] & soap4 ,tuesday ,i w d my iron+ & family pat*+4 ,w$nesday ,i w scrub my kit*51 & clean my y>d ?or\ghly4 ,?ursday ,i w clean & air ! meal & pork boxes4 ,i w sc\r my pots & pans ) soap & a%es4 ,friday ,i w wa% my di%-clo?1 di%-t[els1 & h&-t[els4 ,i w sweep & du/ my :ole h\se1 & clean ev]y?+ ?or\ghly4 ,saturday ,i w bake bread1 cake1 & d o!r extra cook+ = ,sunday4 ,i w sp5d "o h\r 9 talk+ ) my *ildr51 t ,i may "k !m bett]4 ,sunday ,i w g to *ur* & ,sunday ,s*ool4 ,i w take my *ildr5 ) me4 ,i w /ay at home dur+ ! rema9d] ( ! day4 ,i w try to read al\d a some?+ helpful to all4 ,,que/ions ,i ,,w ,,pl$ge ,,myself ,,to ,,answ] ,,at ,,! ,,end ,,( ,,! ,,ye> ,h[ _m bu%els ( potatoes1 corn1 beans1 & peanuts h we rais$ ?is ye>8 ,h[ _m hogs & c[s d we keep8 ,h[ mu* p\ltry h we rais$8 ,h[ _m bales ( cotton h we rais$8 ,h[ mu* h we sav$ to buy a home8 ,h[ mu* h we done t[>d plant+ fl[]s & mak+ our y>d look pretty8 ,h[ _m k9ds ( vegetables did we raise 9 our home g>d58 ,h[ _m times did we /ay away f miscellane\s excursions :5 we wi%$ to g8 ,:at 7 our reasons = /ay+ at home8 ,h we help$ our boys & girls to /ay out ( bad company8 ,:at pap] h we tak51 & h we tak5 our *ildr5 to *ur* & _h !m sit ) u8 ,! exp]im5t ( real settlem5t "w on a plantation ne> ,tuskegee 0 begun 9 #ahif 9 a dilapidat$1 unus$ "o-room cab9 9 ! qu>t]s ( ! big h\se1 :]e resid$ ! la/ scion ( a family ( slave-hold]s4 ,sev5ty-five families liv$ scatt]$ 9 cab9s ov] ! two-?\s&-acre plantation 9 easy access to _! plots ( l& f>m$ on %>es4 ,_m ( ! m5 7 pay+ = "t b\ght by ! own] ( ! plantation4 ,"s _h be5 arre/$1 & on trial f\nd guilty4 ,!y _h to pay ei!r a c]ta9 sum or suff] imprisonm5t4 ,! own] ( ! plantation paid ! f9es1 & ! m5 paid him = _! "t 9 lab\r4 ,s*ools 7 miles di/ant1 & ! only opportunity to tea* ! bett] way ( life seem$ to be e/abli%+ a settlem5t4 ,! plant] graci\sly grant$ ! free use ( ! cab9 a=esaid4 ,/ud5ts f ! ,in/itute nail$ ! %+les on ! op5 ro(4 ,! room 0 giv5 a ?or\gh clean+1 & 9 a %ort "t a "y woman graduate1 n[ wife ( ! ,pr9cipal ( ,*ri/ianburg ,in/itute1 ,cambria1 ,virg9ia1 & an und]graduate mov$ 9 ) h] home-made furniture--fa%ion$ f dry-goods boxes1 & cov]$ ) pretty *9tz s5t by an old fri5d :o has n[ pass$ to h] rew>d4 ,z a ,sunday ,s*ool _h begun 9 "o ( ! log h\ses sev]al ,sundays previ\s to ! op5+ ( ! settlem5t1 ! "y tea*]'s com+ _h be5 expla9$1 & all _h promis$ to contribute all !y c\ld to h] support4 ,illu/ration3 ,,home-,,made ,,furniture ,! fir/ articles ( food ent]$ on ! tea*]'s book to ! cr$it ( h] patrons 7 two eggs1 "o c ( syrup1 "o half-p\nd bacon1 "o qu>t meal1 "o c butt]milk4 ,! tea*] cook$ h] meals on h] ov5 9 ! fireplace1 did h] "w1 & taught s*ool 9 h] cab94 ,! fir/ day br\ght fifte5 boys & girls4 ,t5 ( ! fa!rs & mo!rs1 eag] to le>n h[ to read & write1 came to ! night s*ool4 ,= two ye>s ! tea*] /ruggl$4 ,h] patrons help$ h] ) l>d]1 & grew--measur+ up to ! /&>ds ( true liv+4 ,9 spite ( frequ5t pat*+s1 ! tea*]'s cab9 became almo/ unfit = use4 ,!re came a "t :5 umbrellas 7 indisp5sable 9 ! cab9 dur+ a heavy d[np\r4 ,9 #ahih a way op5$ = ! pur*ase ( t5 acres ( woodl&4 ,a two-room cottage 0 built = ! tea*] on a cle>+4 ,no pr\d] work]s c\ld be f\nd ?an ! tea*] & h] pupils 9 cle>+ ! l& = possible crops4 ,beg9n+ ) #aijj1 ! av]age annual yield 0 z foll[s3 ,two bales ( cotton1 =ty bu%els ( corn1 sev5ty-five bu%els sweet potatoes1 tw5ty bu%els peanuts1 tw5ty bu%els pease1 f\r loads %ucks & fodd]1 gre5s1 cabbage1 & o!r vegetable products4 ,two ye>s ago a kit*5 0 add$ to ! cottage1 & ! cook+ classes ( ! s*ool arose to ! dignity ( hav+ a real /ove & o!r necess>ies4 ,sew+1 cook+1 g>d5+1 & h\sekeep+ classes h succe$$ wond]fully4 ,! boys ( ! settlem5t h receiv$ fir/ prizes f ,tuskegee ,in/itute ,agricultural ,fair = _! products put on exhibition4 ,"o ( ! fir/ fruits ( ! settlem5t "w has be5 ! promotion ( a boy f t s*ool to ,tuskegee ,in/itute4 ,he has /ood ! te/ ( f\r ye>s 9 8 classes1 indu/rial & academic1 & is n[ mo/ promis+4 ,! second /ep to place ! "w on a hopeful basis has be5 ! pur*ase ( t5 m acres ( l&4 ,a two-room cottage has be5 built rec5tly1 & ! "m ( ! fir/ settlem5t boy to come to ! front1 & "o ( our pione] work]s 9 ! v5ture1 has be5 giv5 a *ance to n only e>n h] liv+1 b to s]ve z a native object-lesson ( neatness 9 h] home & surr\nd+s4 ,eight ye>s ( con/ant "w tea*+ old & "y h[ to live has result$ 9 bett] built homes on ! plantation4 ,own] has replac$ "o-room log cab9s ) two-room cottages4 ,h\se to h\se visits & ! object-lesson ( ! settlem5t "w h told = good 9 ! matt] ( cleanl9ess4 ,! m>riage tie is respect$4 ,x is ! exception r ?an ! rule to f9d unm>ri$ mo!rs liv+ ) _! *ildr5's fa!rs )\t ev5 a s5se ( %ame4 ,! b>efoot boys & girls1 m5 & wom51 :o fir/ att5d$ ! settlem5t ,sunday ,s*ool eight ye>s ago1 come neatly dress$4 ,m5 & wom5 :o c\ld n read or write 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! "w c read _! ,sunday ,s*ool lessons & write a pres5table note 9 a matt] ( bus9ess4 ,! ,mo!rs' ,union has br\ght ! mo!rs to see ! deep necessity ( ex]t+ _! influ5ce = good ( home & p4 ,! p5ny sav+s bank held by ! tea*] repres5ts /ockhold]s t mean to be own]s ( _! own homes4 ,9 ! night s*ool1 ! gr[n p1 :o are employ$ dur+ ! day1 are taught ! simple lessons :i* 7 neglect$ 9 _! y\?4 ,at fir/ _m ( !m 7 a%am$ to admit _! ignorance4 ,"o "y man1 :om ,mrs4 ,wa%+ton notic$ dur+ "o ( h] visits z be+ p>ticul>ly sull5 :5 ask$ to jo9 ! class1 has turn$ out to be "o ( ! mo/ ambiti\s pupils4 ,at fir/ ,i 0 almo/ afraid to speak to him1 %e said1 b aft] ,i talk$ to him a little :ile1 he broke d[n q sudd5ly1 & exclaim$3 ,oh1 ,mis' ,wa%+ton6 ,i'se s a%am$1 ,i don't ev5 "k my lett]s4 ,b x is ! classes 9 cook+ & clean+ & sew+ :i* h be5 mo/ successful1 & ^! are responsible m ?an any?+ else = ! *ange 9 ! wom54 ,f ! outset1 ! :ite plant]s :o employ mo/ ( ! col\r$ families ( ! settlem5t h aid$ 9 ! "w4 ,:5 ,mrs4 ,wa%+ton fir/ s5t = p]mission to c>ry on "s mission>y "w among 8 t5ants1 he s5t a boy on a mule ) a fat turkey1 & a message = me to come & d any?+ ,i lik$4 ,:at seem$ to be a disc\ragem5t at fir/ 0 t occasionally a family mov$ away1 ?us caus+ ! tea*] to beg9 all ov] aga91 ) a newcom]1 ! "w :i* _h be5 sc>ce f9i%$ ) ! old4 ,lat] %e came to see t ^? :o migrat$ s]v$ to spread ! influ5ce into o!r neighb\rhoods1 ?us broad5+ ! tea*+s f> beyond h] own limitations4 ,,*apt] ,,xi ,,! ,,till]s ,,( ,,! ,,gr\nd ,!re is held at ! ,tuskegee ,in/itute e ye> a rem>kable conf]5ce ( ,negro work]s1 mo/ly f>m]s1 :o are to "w out _! salvation by ! sweat ( _! br[s 9 till+ ! soil ( ! ,s\?4 ,! purpose ( ^! ga!r+s is sev]ely practical--to enc\rage ^? :o h n _h ! advantages ( tra9+ & in/ruction1 & to give !m a *ance to le>n f ! success ( o!rs z h&icapp$ z !y :at are _! own possibilities4 ,z ,i h said _m times1 x is my conviction t ! great body ( ! ,negro population mu/ live 9 ! future z !y h done 9 ! pa/1 by ! cultivation ( ! soil1 & ! mo/ hopeful s]vice n[ to be done is to enable ! race to foll[ agriculture ) intellig5ce & dilig5ce4 ,i h j f9i%$ read+ a little pamphlet writt5 by ,mr4 ,george ,w4 ,c>v]1 ,director ( ! ,agricultural ,dep>tm5t at ,tuskegee1 giv+ ! results ( "s ( 8 exp]im5ts 9 rais+ sweet potatoes = "o ye>4 ,?is col\r$ man has %[n 9 pla91 simple language1 bas$ on sci5tific pr9ciples1 h[ he has rais$ two hundr$ & sixty-six bu%els ( sweet potatoes on a s+le acre ( common l&1 & made a net pr(it ( "o hundr$ & tw5ty-"o doll>s4 ,! av]age yield ( sweet potatoes to ! acre1 9 ! "p ( ! ,s\? :]e ?is exp]im5t 0 tri$1 is ?irty-sev5 bu%els p] acre4 ,?is col\r$ man is n[ prep>+ to make ?is same l& produce five hundr$ bu%els ( potatoes4 ,i h wat*$ ?is exp]im5t ) a great deal ( pleasure4 ,! deep int]e/ %[n by ! neighb\r+ :ite f>m]s has be5 mo/ gratify+4 ,i d n believe t a s+le :ite f>m] :o visit$ ! field to see ! unusual yield ev] ?\ght ( hav+ any prejudice or feel+ aga9/ ?is col\r$ man because 8 education _h enabl$ him to make a m>k$ success ( rais+ sweet potatoes4 ,!re 71 on ! o!r h&1 _m evid5ces ( respect = ?is col\r$ man & ( gratitude = ! in=mation :i* he _h furni%$4 ,if we _h a hundr$ su* col\r$ m5 9 ea* c\nty 9 ! ,s\?1 :o c\ld make _! education felt 9 meet+ ! _w's ne$s1 !re w\ld be no race problem4 ,b 9 ord] to get su* m51 ^? int]e/$ 9 ! education ( ! ,negro mu/ beg9 to look facts & conditions 9 ! face4 ,too great a gap has be5 left betwe5 ! ,negro's real condition & ! position = :i* we h tri$ to fit him ?r\gh ! m$ium ( our text-books4 ,we h ov]look$ 9 _m cases ! fact t long ye>s ( exp]i5ce & discipl9e are necess>y = any race be=e x c get ! greate/ am\nt ( good out ( ! text-books4 ,mu* t ! ,negro has /udi$ presupposes conditions t d n1 = him1 exi/4 ,! weak po9t 9 ! pa/ has be5 t no attempt has be5 made to bridge ! gap betwe5 ! ,negro's educat$ bra9 & 8 opportunity = supply+ ! wants ( an awak5$ m9d4 ,!re has be5 almo/ no ?\ght ( connect+ ! educat$ bra9 ) ! educat$ h&4 ,x is almo/ a crime to take "y m5 f ! f>m1 or f f>m+ di/ricts1 & educate !m1 z is too (t5 done1 9 ev]y?+ except agriculture1 ! "o subject ) :i* !y %\ld be mo/ famili>4 ,! result is t ! "y man1 in/ead ( be+ educat$ to love agriculture1 is educat$ out ( sympa?y ) x2 & in/ead ( return+ to 8 fa!r's f>m aft] leav+ college1 to %[ him h[ to produce m ) less lab\r1 ! "y man is (t5 tempt$ to g into ! city or t[n to live by 8 wits4 ,! purpose ( ! ,tuskegee ,negro ,conf]5ce is to help ! f>m]s :o are too old1 or too b\nd d[n by _! responsibilities1 to att5d s*ools or in/itutes2 to d = !m1 9 a small way1 :at ,tuskegee & o!r ag5cies seek to d = ! y\ng] g5]ation4 ,col\r$ m5 & wom5 make long & exp5sive j\rneys to be pres5t1 com+ f all ! ,s\!rn & sev]al ( ! ,nor!rn /ates4 ,!y h f\nd t _! money is n wa/$1 = !y le>n mu* by see+ :at has be5 done at ! s*ool1 f ! advice ( exp]ts1 b m especially by ! ex*ange ( op9ions & by comp>+ exp]i5ces 9 _! own field ( "w4 ,^! meet+s are n = :9+ or compla9ts4 ,_! keynote is hopeful c\rage4 ,to look up & n d[n1 =w>d & n backw>d1 to be *e]ful & mutually helpful1 is ! gold5 rule ( ! conf]5ce4 ,x 0 decid$ f ! fir/ to conf9e ! proce$+s to matt]s :i* ! race _h closely )9 its own control1 & to positive1 aggressive ef=t1 r ?an to m]e negative criticisms & recitations ( wrongs4 ,i want$ ^! col\r$ f>m]s & _! wives to consult ab\t ! me?ods & means ( secur+ homes1 ( free+ !mselves f debt1 ( enc\rag+ intellig5t production1 ( pay+ _! taxes1 ( cultivat+ habits ( ?rift1 hone/y & virtue1 ( build+ s*ool-h\ses1 & secur+ education & high ,*ri/ian "*1 ( cem5t+ ! fri5d%ips betwe5 ! races4 ,9 ^! conv5tions1 z 9 o!r ways1 we h tri$ to keep alive ! feel+ ( hope & enc\ragem5t4 ,we h se5 d>k] days ?an ^!1 & no race t is pati5t1 long-suff]+1 indu/ri\s1 economical1 & virtu\s1 no race t is p]si/5t 9 ef=ts t make = progress1 no race t cultivates a _s ( good-w t[>d all mank9d1 is left )\t rew>d4 ,! ,f>m]s' ,conf]5ce ea* ye> adopts a decl>ation ( pr9ciples1 :i* sum up its objects 9 su* words z ^!3 ,our object %all be to promote ! moral1 mat]ial1 & educational progress ( ?is entire community4 ,believ+1 z we d1 t we are our own wor/ enemies1 we pl$ge1 "h & n[1 f ?is "t =?1 to use e ef=t-- ,to aboli% & d away ) ! mortgage sy/em j z rapidly z possible4 ,to raise our food supplies1 su* z corn1 potatoes1 syrup1 pease1 hogs1 *ick5s1 etc41 at home r ?an to g 9 debt = !m at ! /ore4 ,to /op ?r[+ away our "t & money on ,saturdays by /&+ ar\nd t[ns1 dr9k+ & disgrac+ ourselves 9 _m o!r ways4 ,to oppose1 at all times1 ! excursion & camp-meet+1 & to try e>ne/ly to secure bett] s*ools1 bett] tea*]s1 & bett] prea*]s4 ,to try to buy homes1 to urge ^u all ,negroes ! necessity ( own+ homes & f>ms1 & n only to own !m1 b to beautify & improve !m4 ,s9ce ! great] numb] ( u are engag$ 9 agriculture1 we urge ! importance ( /ock & p\ltry rais+1 ! tea*+ ( agriculture 9 ! c\ntry s*ools1 ! ?or\gh cultivation ( a small acreage1 r ?an ! poor cultivation ( a l>ge "o1 att5tion to f>m-"w 9 w9t]1 & gett+ rid ( ! habit ( liv+ 9 "o-room h\ses4 ,we urge m protection to life & prop]ty1 bett] homes = t5ants1 & t home life 9 ! c\ntry be made m attractive1 all ?is ) ! view ( keep+ su* great numb]s ( our p out ( ! l>ge cities4 ,9 connection ) ! bett] s*ools & *ur*es1 we emphasise ! ne$ ( c>eful att5tion to ! morals ( our m9i/]s & tea*]s1 & all o!rs act+ 9 ! capacity ( lead]s4 ,prosp]ity & peace are dep5d5t ^u fri5dly relations betwe5 ! races1 & to ?is end we urge a _s ( manly =be>ance & mutual int]e/4 ,:at ^! conf]5ces are do+1 & :at sort ( p are com+ to !m e ye>1 may be ga!r$ f "s ( _! exp]i5ces z !y h told !m !mselves dur+ _! visit to ,tuskegee4 ,"s ( ! be/ ?+s are said by m5 & wom5 :o h succe$$ 9 work+ _! way up f abject pov]ty to com=table indep5d5ce4 ,!re is no bett] antidote = ! fooli% talk s (t5 he>d ab\t ! inevitable %iftlessness ( ! ,negro race ?an ^! %ort & pi?y n>ratives ( sacrifice1 /ruggle & a*ievem5t4 ,a ,florida man said t he _h six doll>s :5 he m>ri$4 ,he n[ owns two hundr$ acres & a home ( sev5 rooms4 ,i did )\t mo/ ev]y?+ until ,i got x paid =1 he expla9$4 ,he has fifty-sev5 head ( cattle1 six "w horses1 & five colts1 all rais$ by himself4 ,is x dang]\s to give ! ballot to t k9d ( a citiz58 ,w he be apt to use x to promote extravagant taxation8 ,an ,alabama f>m] said3 ,i own sixty-sev5 acres ( l&4 ,i got x by work+ h>d & liv+ close4 ,i did n eat at any big tables4 ,i (t5 liv$ on bread & milk4 ,i h five rooms to my h\se4 ,i />t$ ) "o1 & t 0 made ( logs4 ,i add a room e ye>4 ,i 0 lucky 9 m>ry+ a woman ^: fa!r gave h] a c[4 ,i a9't got no f9e clock or organ4 ,i did once own a buggy1 b x 0 a %abby "o1 & n[ we ride 9 a wagon1 or ,i g horse-back on a horse ,i rais$ t is wor? two hundr$ & fifty doll>s4 ,i h sev5 *ildr5 9 s*ool4 ,i />t$ pl[+ ) my pants roll$ up & b>efoot1 said a ,georgia man4 ,i sav$ five hundr$ doll>s & b\ght a home 9 ,albany1 ,georgia4 ,i b\ght two hundr$ acres = sev5 doll>s an acre1 & paid = x 9 ?ree ye>s4 ,i made t pay = two hundr$ acres m4 ,aft] a:ile ,i b\ght ?irte5 hundr$ acres4 ,i live on x1 & x is all paid =4 ,i h tw5ty-five build+s & !y all came out ( my pocketbook4 ,t l& is n[ wor? tw5ty-five doll>s an acre4 ,= a di/ance ( f\r or five miles f my settlem5t1 !re has n be5 a man 9 ! *a9-gang = ye>s4 ,i "w =ty-sev5 head ( mules4 ,! only way we w ev] be a race is by gett+ homes & liv+ a virtu\s life4 ,i don't give mortgages4 ,i take mortgages on black & :ite4 ,i h put ! fir/ bale ( cotton on ! m>ket 9 ,georgia e ye> = eight ye>s4 ,a wid[ f ,alabama told h] /ory1 :i* %[s among o!r ?+s h[ a dog may be useful3 ,!re are ?ree 9 my family1 & ,i am ! boss4 ,i save ab\t a hundr$ doll>s a ye>4 ,i give no mortgages4 ,i plant ev]y?+ t a f>m] c plant4 ,i raise my own syrup1 meat1 pease1 corn1 & ev]y?+ we ne$ to eat4 ,i h ?ree c[s4 ,y h got to g l[ d[n to get up high4 ,i trad$ a little puppy ) my bro!r = a pig4 ,f ?is "o pig ,i rais$ eight pigs1 & = sev5 ye>s ,i h n b\ght a p\nd ( meat4 ,i am liv+ on ! /r5g? ( t little puppy yet4 ,i own =ty acres1 & sometimes r5t m l&4 ,a col\r$ m9i/] f ,alabama said t he f>m$ z well z prea*$4 ,he 0 a r5t] = sev5 ye>s4 ,9 n9e ye>s he paid = f\r hundr$ acres1 & n[ owns t5 hundr$ & fifte5 acres4 ,he raises horses1 c[s1 mules1 & hogs & has fifty p]sons dep5d5t ^u him4 ,he owns ! l& :]e he us$ to live z a r5t]1 & lives 9 ! h\se ( ! man f :om he r5t$4 ,!re are few :ite p 9 8 neighb\rhood4 ,mo/ ( ! col\r$ p own _! own homes1 & !y h l5g!n$ ! annual s*ool t]m two mon?s at _! own exp5se4 ,?is man said t1 :5 he fir/ b\ght l&1 he split rails to f5ce x dur+ ! day & c>ri$ !m ar\nd at night1 & 8 wife built ! f5ce4 ,a ,s\? ,c>ol9ian1 :o 0 nev] be=e s f> f home1 said t he 0 a slave = tw5ty ye>s4 ,i us$ to "w six days = my ma/]1 & ,sunday = myself1 he said4 ,god introduc$ t5 comm&m5ts1 b our p h add$ ano!r1 ',?\ %alt n "w ,saturdays or ,sundays1 ei!r4' ,i /ick to ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts & put 9 six days a week1 & 9 t way h b\ght ?ree hundr$ acres & paid = x4 ,i h a l>ge h\se = my own family ( t51 & f\rte5 o!r build+s on ! place1 six ( !m r5t$4 ,no man is a f>m] except+ ! man :o lives on ! produce ( 8 f>m4 ,a visitor f ,l\isiana told h[ he _h borr[$ two hundr$ & fifty doll>s f 8 fa!r & b\ght tw5ty-five acres ( l& 9 #ahgg4 ,he us$ to beg9 "w at f\r o'clock 9 ! morn+4 ,= a ye> 8 wife gr\nd all _! meal1 ?ree e>s at a "t1 9 a small h&-mill4 ,n[ he owns ?ree hundr$ acres ( sug> l&1 wor? a hundr$ doll>s an acre1 & has tw5ty-sev5 :ite & =ty-eight col\r$ p work+ = him4 ,i w\ld l to set a big table = y1 said "o ( ^! f>m]s :om ,i visit$ at 8 home1 b1 pr(essor1 y-all is tea*9' u to 'con]mise an' save1 an' dats :at ,i'se try9' to d4 ,:5 y rememb] h[ anxi\s ! good f>m]s & _! wives are always to set a good table = ! visit+ pr(essors & revrums1 ?is man _h a good deal ( c\rage 9 dep>t+ f old cu/oms4 ,i say to ! f>m]s3 ,if fe$+ ! 'bru!r9s' is a /ra9 on y1 fe$ no m ( !m4 ,cut d[n on all exp5ses t c be trimm$ )\t injury to y\rself4 ,"o woman f ,bullock ,c\nty1 ,alabama1 c>ri$ away ! true _s ( ! conf]5ce4 ,n long ago1 "o ( our ag5ts saw a de$ to a valuable piece ( f>m l&1 b\ght ) money %e _h sav$ by sell+ c[s4 ,%e said t %e _h nev] ?\ght ( any su* plan until %e _h visit$ ! ,f>m]s' ,conf]5ce & he>d o!rs tell h[ !y _h b\ght l&4 ,an unusual feature ( ?is case 0 t ! woman did n live 9 ! t[n 9 :i* %e _h inve/$ h] money4 ,%e _h made h]self int]e/$ en\gh to seek a *ance to inve/ h] e>n+s 9 ! pur*ase ( prop]ty sev]al miles f h] home settlem5t4 ,%e said t x requir$ a mighty sight ( w-p[] to keep f buy+ f9e clo!s ) ! money1 b %e 0 det]m9$ to get hold ( "s l&1 & %e did x )\t any assi/ance f h] husb&4 ,yes1 ( c\rse ,i'll be at ! next ,negro ,conf]5ce1 wrote ano!r f>m]1 ,i want y to give me a *ance to talk1 too4 ,i want to %[ ,mr4 ,wa%+ton a turnip ,i rais$ 9 my own g>d51 & h be5 sav+ = ! ,conf]5ce1 & ,i want to tell him h[ mu* ,i h rais$ & eat5 out ( my own g>d51 & h[ mu* ,i h sav$ z ! result ( ^! tea*+s at ! annual meet+s4 ,ano!r wrote rec5tly3 ,i h to buy v little to eat1 = ,i raise ) "o horse all ,i want to eat1 & a little m besides4 ,la/ ye> ,i rais$ n9e bales ( cotton1 pl5ty ( corn1 sug> cane1 pease1 & potatoes1 & _m o!r ?+s4 ,besides ?is1 my wife rais$ tw5ty hogs1 & a y>d full ( *ick5s1 geese & turkeys4 ,! only way = ! f>m] to get out ( debt & keep out ( debt is to buy a home1 raise :at he eats1 & pay at once = :at he gets out ( ! /ore4 ,a pilgrim f ,georgia ?us express$ himself3 ,i came "h to get my keg full ( good news & glad tid+s to c>ry back to ,georgia1 & ,i h got x4 ,i began work+ = myself :5 ,i 0 eighte5 ye>s old4 ,my fa!r & "m di$ :5 ,i 0 a *ild4 ,i fir/ work$ = eight doll>s & fifty c5ts a mon? & my bo>d1 & cle>$ eighty-?ree doll>s ! fir/ ye>4 ,!n ,i work$ on %>es = a :ile1 !n ,i b\ght a mule on cr$it1 us+ my money to support myself :ile rais+ a crop4 ,n[ ,i own fifte5 hundr$ acres ( l&1 all paid =4 ,i h six rooms 9 my h\se4 ,i don't give any mortgages4 ,i h tw5ty-?ree pl[s1 & a bank acc\nt4 ,i haul on my drays ab\t t5 ?\s& bales ( cotton e ye> = ! plant]s 9 my c\nty4 ,i h ano!r pat* ( fifty acres ne> ,=t ,ga9es on :i* !re is a six-room h\se4 ,we come "h to le>n wisdom & k1 said a man f ,macon ,c\nty1 ,alabama4 ,i _h a "p ( ! slav]y "t1 & ,i've _h all ( ! fre$om "t4 ,:5 ,i 0 9 my eighte5? ye> ,i want$ to m>ry ! wor/ way4 ,i did x someh[1 & !n we tri$ e plan to get ahead 9 ! _w4 ,i work$ ,sunday z well z ,monday4 ,i ev5 hit*$ myself to ! pl[1 & my wife pl[$ me4 ,n[ ,i h got horses1 mules1 corn1 & pl5ty ( ev]y?+ to d me1 b ,i h n got any home4 ,next ye> :5 ,i come "h ,i am go+ to own a place ( my own in/ead ( r5t+ x4 ,scores ( simil> illu/rations c\ld be quot$ to %[ t ! ,negro f>m] is fight+ 8 own battles1 & t 9 8 annual visits to ,tuskegee he prea*es1 bo? to ! /ud5ts & to 8 fell[ toil]s1 ! gospel ( "w ) ! h&s z ! pa?way to fre$om4 ,! k9d ( practical advice di/ribut$ among ^! f>m]s is illu/rat$ 9 ! foll[+ specim5 ( ! leaflets issu$ by our ,bureau ( ,nature ,/udy = ,s*ools4 ,?is "o on ,h9ts & ,sugge/ions = ,f>m]s has to d ) ! ev]-vital "q ( ,mortgage ,lift+3 ,f>m]s all ov] ! ,cotton ,belt are n[ f9i%+ _! plans = ! gr[+ ( ?is ye>'s crop4 ,all sorts ( f9ancial plans h be5 made4 ,p]haps ! mo/ common among our f>m]s is ! cr$it plan or crop mortgage4 ,9 ?is ! f>m] b9ds himself & family to make a crop1 usually cotton1 = any "o :o w 'advance' him :at he mu/ buy :ile gr[+ ! crop4 ,he agrees to pay int]e/1 rang+ f t5 to ?irty-five p] c5t4 on ! co/ ( ! ?+s furni%$4 ,?us a pair ( %oes :i* w\ld sell = #a4ej 9 ca% w\ld co/ ab\t #b 9 ! fall4 ,if all[$ to run until ! next ,fall1 x w\ld co/ him ab\t #b4ej4 ,if all[$ to run ?ree ye>s1 x w\ld take #c4ae to pay = a #a4ej pair ( %oes4 ,if c>ri$ ! f\r? ye>1 x w\ld take #d1 & "o ye> m w\ld call = #e4 ,too _m f>m]s are pay+ #e = %oes :i* w\ld h co/ !m only #a4ej if !y _h manag$ _! bus9ess prop]ly4 ,too _m times ! #e %oes are nev] paid =1 leav+ an unk9dly feel+ betwe5 ! 'advanc]' & ! "o 'advanc$1' caus+ ! l&lord & t5ant1 & v (t5 ! m]*ant1 to suff]4 ,yet ! f>m] mu/ h clo?+4 ,he mu/ h pl[s1 hoes1 wagons1 etc4 ,no man :o tills ! soil %\ld h to suff] = some?+ to eat4 ,p]haps no "o w "q ! f>m]'s "r to make ! crop mortgage4 ,he mu/ & ought to h pl5ty ( good1 :olesome food to make x possible = him to d 8 "w well4 ,b = 8 own good1 ! good ( 8 family1 = ! good ( ! l&lord1 & ! community 9 :i* he lives1 we d dispute 8 "r to manage bus9ess z _m ( our f>m]s d4 ,he %\ld n make a mortgage he _c easily lift4 ,if x requires #aej to supply a f>m] = a season1 at ! end ( t season 8 debt w be ab\t #ahj--;an extra #cj1 ! av]age value ( a bale ( cotton1 to d a cr$it bus9ess4 ,if x requires #ge to c>ry him1 he w owe ab\t #ij1 co/+ him half a bale ( cotton to d a cr$it bus9ess4 ,n[1 d y note t ! small] ! am\nt borr[$1 ! small] ! am\nt ( int]e/1 & ! easi] x becomes = ! f>m] to lift ! :ole ?+8 ,don't load s heavily4 ,put two ?\s& p\nds on a ?\s&-p\nd wagon & see :at becomes ( y1 y\r load1 & y\r wagon4 ,"o man tries by ma9 /r5g? to lift a l>ge load4 ,he fails & gives up 9 despair4 ,ano!r man gets a long pole1 or lev]1 & ) ! greate/ ease raises & places ! load :]e x is want$4 ,! fir/ uses only muscle1 :ile ! la/ mixes muscle ) bra9s4 ,c\ld we n say ! same ?+ ( ! unsuccessful & ! successful mortgage lift]8 ,if y w use y\r head & g at t debt 9 ! "r way1 y w be surpris$ ) :at great ease y c get x out ( ! way4 ,well1 h[ c ?is be done1 "o man asks8 ,:at w\ld y advise8 ,a wise man li/5s to advice4 ,if he ?9ks x good1 he w try to foll[ x4 ,! f>m] :o is 9 debt mu/-- ,n make bad b>ga9s4 ,he mu/ "w all day & sometimes "p ( ! night1 & buy only :at he is compell$ to h4 ,he %\ld raise ev]y?+ he eats & a little m1 & !n cultivate z mu* cotton z he c4 ,"s ( ! f>m]s buy %oddy goods at fair prices4 ,!y all[ ! boys & girls to buy *eap jewelry4 ,!y buy a sew+ ma*9e on cr$it = fifty or sixty doll>s1 & :5 !y get x paid =1 if !y ev] d1 x has co/ ab\t a hundr$ doll>s4 ,!y pay t5 & fifte5 doll>s = a wa%/& & bureau :5 an uphol/]$ box w\ld d = ! pres5t4 ,! indu/ri\s f>m] works f sunrise to sunset e day 9 ! week4 ,if !re is "s light "w he c d by putt+ 9 two or ?ree h\rs dur+ ! long w9t] nights1 y f9d him at x4 ,x takes ?is to lift ! mortgage4 ,! s5sible f>m] w n buy five hundr$ p\nds ( bacon if !re is any way to get along ) two hundr$ & fifty4 ,if he mu/ buy x on cr$it1 he w eat butt]1 dr9k milk1 raise & eat eggs & *ick5s1 kill a "y beef :5 he c1 & dry or pickle x1 s z to supply 8 wants f 8 own produce z long z possible4 ,! f>m] :o wants to get out ( debt w h l>ge pat*es ( gre5s1 8 g>d5 w h some?+ gr[+ 9 x ! ye> r\nd4 ,8 table w be load$ ) wild fruits1 su* z blackb]ries1 huckleb]ries1 plums1 etc4 ,8 potatoes w keep him f buy+ s mu* corn meal & fl\r on cr$it4 ,he plans to raise m ?an en\gh corn1 oats1 & :eat to d him ano!r ye>4 ,!n he makes t cotton crop c\nt4 ,he ga!rs e lock ( x z fa/ z x op5s & tries to sell x = e c5t x is wor?4 ,he walks up l a man & pays e c5t he owes :5 x falls due4 ,!n 8 neighb\rs1 bo? :ite & col\r$1 le>n to respect him because he is an hone/ man1 he owes nobody1 8 /ore-h\se1 smoke-h\se1 & b>n are load$ ) fruits1 & home-made produce4 ,he is a happy man because t mortgage is lift$4 ,,*apt] ,,xii ,,pleasure ,,& ,,pr(it ,,( ,,"w ,,9 ,,! ,,soil ,i h always be5 int5sely fond ( outdoor life4 ,p]haps ! explanation = ?is lies p>tly 9 ! fact t ,i 0 born ne>ly out-(-doors4 ,i h also1 f my e>lie/ *ildhood1 be5 v fond ( animals & f[ls4 ,:5 ,i 0 b a *ild1 & a slave1 ,i _h _m close & int]e/+ acqua9tances ) animals4 ,dur+ my *ildhood days1 z a slave1 ,i did n see v mu* ( my "m1 z %e 0 oblig$ to leave h] *ildr5 v e>ly 9 ! morn+ to beg9 h] day's "w4 ,h] e>ly dep>ture (t5 made ! matt] ( my secur+ breakfa/ unc]ta94 ,?is l$ to my fir/ intimate acqua9tance ) animals4 ,9 ^? days x 0 ! cu/om ^u ! plantation to boil ! ,indian corn t 0 f$ to ! c[s & pigs4 ,at times1 :5 ,i _h fail$ to get any o!r breakfa/1 ,i us$ to g to ! places :]e ! c[s & pigs 7 f$1 & %>e _! breakfa/ ) !m1 or else g to ! place :]e x 0 ! cu/om to boil ! corn1 & get my morn+ meal !re be=e x 0 tak5 to ! animals4 ,if ,i 0 n !re at ! exact mom5t ( fe$+1 ,i c\ld /ill f9d en\gh corn scatt]$ ar\nd ! f5ce or ! tr\gh to satisfy me4 ,"s p may ?9k t ?is 0 a pretty bad way to get "o's food1 b1 leav+ out ! "n & ! associations1 !re 0 no?+ v bad ab\t x4 ,any "o :o has eat5 h>d boil$ corn kn[s t x has a delici\s ta/e4 ,i nev] pass a pot ( boil$ corn n[ )\t yield+ to ! temptation to eat a few gra9s4 ,ano!r ?+ t assi/$ 9 develop+ my fondness = animals 0 my contact ) ! be/ bre$s ( f[ls & animals :5 ,i 0 a /ud5t at ! ,hampton ,in/itute4 ,not)/&+ t my "w !re 0 n directly connect$ ) ! /ock1 ! m]e fact t ,i saw ! be/ k9ds ( animals & f[ls day aft] day increas$ my love = !m1 & made me resolve t :5 ,i w5t out into ! _w ,i w\ld h "s z ne>ly l ^? z possible4 ,i ?9k t ,i owe a great deal ( my pres5t /r5g? & capacity = h>d "w to my love ( outdoor life4 ,x is true t ! am\nt ( "t t ,i c sp5d 9 ! op5 air is n[ v limit$4 ,tak5 on an av]age1 x is p]haps n m ?an an h\r a day1 b ,i make ! mo/ ( t h\r4 ,9 addition to ?is1 ,i get mu* pleasure out ( look+ =w>d to & plann+ = t h\r4 ,illu/ration3 ,,class ,,9 ,,nature ,,/udy ,i d n believe t any "o :o has n work$ 9 a g>d5 c beg9 to und]/& h[ mu* pleasure & /r5g? ( body & m9d & s\l c be d]iv$ f "o's g>d51 no matt] h[ small x may be1 & (t5 ! small] x is ! bett]4 ,if ! g>d5 be ev] s limit$ 9 area1 "o may /ill h ! gratify+ exp]i5ce ( le>n+ h[ mu* c be produc$ on a little plot c>efully laid out1 ?or\ghly f]tilis$1 & intellig5tly cultivat$4 ,& !n1 ?\gh ! g>d5 may be small1 if ! fl[]s & vegetables prosp]1 !re spr+s up a feel+ ( k9%ip betwe5 ! man & 8 plants1 z he t5ds & wat*es ! gr[? ( ea* individual fruition f day to day4 ,e morn+ br+s "s fre% developm5t1 born ( ! ra91 ! dew1 & ! sun%9e4 ,! lett] or ! address y began writ+ ! day be=e nev] gr[s until y return & take up ! "w :]e x 0 left (f2 n s ) ! plant4 ,"s *ange has tak5 place dur+ ! night1 9 ! appe>ance ( bud1 or blossom1 or fruit4 ,?is s5se ( newness1 ( expectancy1 br+s to me a daily inspiration ^: sympa!tic significance x is impossible to convey 9 words4 ,x is n only a pleasure to gr[ vegetables = "o's table1 b ,i f9d mu* satisfaction1 also1 9 s5d+ selections ( ! be/ specim5s to "s neighb\r ^: g>d5 is backw>d1 or to "o :o has n le>n$ ! art ( rais+ ! f9e/ or ! e>lie/ v>ieties1 & :o is !re=e surpris$ to receive new potatoes two weeks 9 advance ( any "o else4 ,:5 ,i am at my home 9 ,tuskegee1 ,i am able1 by ris+ e>ly 9 ! morn+1 to sp5d at lea/ half an h\r 9 my g>d51 or ) my f[ls1 pigs1 or c[s4 ,:5ev] ,i c take ! "t1 ,i l to hunt = ! new eggs ea* morn+ myself1 & :5 at home ,i am selfi% en\gh to p]mit no "o else to make ^! discov]ies4 ,z ) ! gr[+ plants1 !re is a s5se ( fre%ness & re/fulness 9 ! f9d+ & h&l+ ( newly laid eggs t is delightful to me4 ,bo? ! anticipation & ! realisation are mo/ pleas+4 ,i beg9 ! day by see+ h[ _m eggs ,i c f9d1 or h[ _m little *ick5s are j beg9n+ to peep ?r\gh ! %ells4 ,speak+ ( little *ick5s com+ into life rem9ds me t "o ( our /ud5ts call$ my att5tion to a fact connect$ ) ! *ick5s own$ by ! s*ool :i* ,i _h n previ\sly kn[n4 ,:5 "s ( ! fir/ little *ick5s came out ( _! %ells1 !y began almo/ imm$iately to help o!rs1 n s =w>d1 to break _! way out4 ,x 0 delightful to me to he> t ! *ick5s rais$ at ! s*ool _h1 s e>ly 9 life1 caught ! ,tuskegee _s ( helpfulness t[>d o!rs4 ,illu/ration3 ,c\rtesy ( ,! ,outlook ,company ,,:5 ,,at ,,tuskegee ,i ,,f9d ,a ,,way ,,by ,,ris+ ,,e>ly ,,9 ,,! ,,morn+ ,,to ,,sp5d ,,half ,,an ,,h\r ,,9 ,,my ,,g>d5 ,,or ,,) ,,! ,,live ,,/ock ,i am deeply int]e/$ 9 ! diff]5t k9ds ( f[ls1 &1 aside f ! l>ge numb] gr[n by ! s*ool 9 its p\ltry h\se & y>ds1 ,i gr[ at my own home common *ick5s1 ,plym\? ,rocks1 ,buff ,co*9s1 & ,brahmas1 ,pek+ ducks1 & fantail$ pigeons4 ,! pig1 ,i ?9k1 is my fav\rite animal4 ,9 addition to "s common-br$ pigs1 ,i keep a few ,b]k%ires & "s ,pol& ,*9as2 & x is a pleasure to me to wat* _! developm5t & increase f mon? to mon?4 ,practically all ! pork us$ 9 my family is ( my own rais+4 ,i he>d n long ago a /ory ( "o ( our graduates :i* delight$ me z an illu/ration ( ! real ,tuskegee _s4 ,a man _h occasion to g to ! village ( ,b5ton1 ,alabama1 9 :i* ,mr4 ,a4 ,j4 ,wood1 "o ( our graduates1 _h settl$ t5 ye>s be=e1 & gone into bus9ess z a g5]al m]*ant4 ,9 ?is "t he has built up a good trade & has obta9$ = himself a reputation z "o ( ! be/ & mo/ reliable bus9ess m5 9 ! place4 ,:ile ! visitor 0 !re1 he happ5$ to /ep to ! op5 back door ( ! /ore1 & /ood look+ out into a little y>d beh9d ! build+4 ,! m]*ant jo9+ him !re1 began to call1 ,ho1 ,boy4 ,ho1 ,boy1 & f9ally1 9 response to ?is call+1 !re came crawl+ out f b5ea? ! /ore1 ) mu* grunt+1 because he 0 altoge!r too big to get com=tably f "u ! build+1 an enorm\s black hog4 ,y see t hog1 ! man said4 ,t's my hog4 ,i raise "o l t e ye> z an object-lesson to ! col\r$ f>m]s ar\nd "h :o come to ! /ore to trade4 ,ab\t all ,i fe$ him is ! wa/e f ! /ore4 ,:5 ! f>m]s come 9 "h1 ,i %[ !m my hog1 & ,i tell !m t if !y w\ld %ut _! pigs up 9 a p5 ( rails1 & h ! *ildr5 pick up acorns 9 ! woods to fe$ !m on1 !y might h j su* hogs z ,i d1 in/ead ( _! razor-backs runn+ ar\nd wild 9 ! woods4 ,p]haps ,i c't tea* a s*ool "h1 ! man add$1 b if ,i c't d t1 ,i c at lea/ tea* ! m5 ar\nd "h h[ to raise hogs z ,i le>n$ to raise !m at ,tuskegee4 ,9 secur+ ! be/ bre$s ( f[ls & animals at ,tuskegee1 ,i h ! add$ satisfaction ( see+ a bett] grade ( /ock be+ gradually introduc$ among ! f>m]s :o live ne> ! s*ool4 ,aft] ,i h ga!r$ my eggs1 & h at lea/ said ,good morn+ to my pigs1 c[s1 & horse1 ! next morn+ duty--no1 ,i w n say duty1 b delight--is to ga!r ! vegetables = ! family d9n]4 ,no pease1 no turnips1 radi%es nor salads ta/e s good z ^? :i* "o has rais$ & ga!r$ ) 8 own h&s 9 8 own g>d54 ,9 comp>ison ) ^! all ! high-s\nd+ di%es f\nd 9 ! mo/ exp5sive re/aurants seem flav\rless4 ,"o feels1 :5 eat+ 8 own fre% vegetables1 t he is gett+ ne> to ! he>t ( nature2 n a second-h& /ale imitation1 b ! g5u9e ?+4 ,h[ delightful ! *ange1 aft] "o has sp5t weeks eat+ 9 re/aurants or hotels1 & has _h a bill ( f>e pu%$ be=e 8 eyes ?ree times a day1 or has he>d ! famili> s\nd = a mon? f a wait]'s lips3 ,/eak1 pork *ops1 fri$ eggs1 & potatoes4 ,illu/ration3 ,c\rtesy ( ,! ,outlook ,company ,,hogs ,,z ,,object ,,lessons ,z ,i g f b$ to b$ 9 ! g>d51 ga!r+ my lettuce1 pease1 sp9a*1 radi%es1 beets1 onions & ! reli%es ) :i* to g>ni% ! di%es1 & note ! gr[? ( ea* plant s9ce ! previ\s day1 ,i feel a ne>ness & k9%ip to ! plants :i* makes !m seem to me l memb]s ( my own family4 ,:5 engag$ 9 ?is "w1 h[ %ort ! half-h\r is1 h[ quickly ea* m9ute goes1 br++ ne>] ! "t :5 ,i mu/ g to my (fice4 ,:5 ,i d g !re x is ) a vig\r & fre%ness & ) a /ead9ess ( n]ve t prep>es me ?or\ghly = :at p]haps is to be a difficult & try+ day--a prep>ation impossible1 except = ! half-h\r sp5t 9 my g>d54 ,all ?r\gh ! day ,i am enabl$ to d m "w & bett] "w because ( ! delightful anticipation ( ano!r half-h\r or m 9 my g>d5 aft] ! (fice "w is done4 ,i get s mu* pleasure out ( ?is t ,i frequ5tly f9d myself besee*+ ,mrs4 ,wa%+ton to delay ! d9n] h\r t ,i may take advantage ( ! la/ bit ( daylight = my outdoor "w4 ,my own exp]i5ce 9 outdoor life leads me to hope t ! "t w soon come :5 !re w be a revolution 9 our me?ods ( educat+ *ildr51 especially 9 ! s*ools ( ! small] t[ns & rural di/ricts4 ,i consid] x almo/ a s9 to take a numb] ( *ildr5 ^: homes are on f>ms1 & ^: p>5ts e>n _! liv+ by f>m+1 & cage !m up1 z if !y 7 s _m wild bea/s1 = six or sev5 h\rs dur+ ! day1 9 a close room :]e ! air is (t5 impure4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,*ildr5',s ,,h\se3 ,,class ,,9 ,,nature ,,/udy ,i h kn[n tea*]s to g s f> z to fro/ ! w9d[s 9 a s*ool-room1 or h !m made high up 9 ! wall1 or keep ! w9d[ curta9s d[n1 s t ! *ildr5 c\ld n ev5 see ! wond]ful _w )\t4 ,= six h\rs ! life ( ^! *ildr5 is an artificial "o4 ,! app>atus :i* !y use is1 z a rule1 artificial1 & !y are taught 9 an artificial mann] ab\t artificial ?+s4 ,ev5 to :isp] ab\t ! song ( a mock+-bird or ! *irp ( a squirrel 9 a ne>-by tree1 or to po9t to a /alk ( corn or a wild fl[]1 or to speak ab\t a c[ & h] calf1 or a little colt & its "m graz+ 9 an adjo9+ field1 are s9s = :i* !y mu/ be spe$ily & (t5 sev]ely puni%$4 ,i h se5 tea*]s keep *ildr5 cag$ up on a beautiful1 bright day 9 ,june1 :5 all ,nature 0 at h] be/1 mak+ !m le>n--or try to le>n--a lesson ab\t hills1 or m\nta9s1 or lakes1 or isl&s1 by means ( a map or globe1 :5 ! l& surr\nd+ ! s*ool-h\se 0 alive & beautiful ) ! images ( ^! ?+s4 ,i h se5 a tea*] "w = an h\r ) *ildr51 try+ to impress ^u !m ! mean+ ( ! words lake1 isl&1 p59sula1 :5 a brook n a qu>t] ( a mile away w\ld h af=d$ ! little ones an opportunity to pull (f _! %oes & /ock+s & wade ?r\gh ! wat]1 & f9d1 n "o artificial isl& or lake1 on an artificial globe1 b doz5s ( real isl&s1 p59sulas1 & bays4 ,besides ! delight ( wad+ ?r\gh ! wat]1 & ( be+ out 9 ! pure brac+ air1 !y w\ld le>n by ?is me?od m ab\t ^! natural divisions ( ! e>? 9 five m9utes ?an !y c\ld le>n 9 an h\r 9 books4 ,a read+ lesson taught out on ! gre5 grass "u a spread+ oak tree is a lesson ne$+ little ef=t to hold a boy's att5tion1 to say no?+ ( ! s5se ( delight & relief :i* comes to ! tea*]4 ,i h se5 tea*]s compel /ud5ts to puzzle = h\rs ov] ! problem ( ! work+ ( ! pulley1 :5 n a block f ! s*ool-h\se 7 workm5 ) pulleys 9 actual op]ation1 hoi/+ bricks = ! walls ( a new build+4 ,i believe t ! "t is n f> di/ant :5 e s*ool 9 ! rural di/ricts & 9 ! small t[ns w be surr\nd$ by a g>d51 & t "o ( ! objects ( ! c\rse ( /udy w be to tea* ! *ild some?+ ab\t real c\ntry life1 & ab\t c\ntry occupations4 ,i am glad to say t at ! ,tuskegee ,in/itute we erect$ a s*ool-h\se 9 & ab\t :i* ! little *ildr5 ( ! t[n & vic9ity are giv5 a k1 n only ( books1 b ( ! real ?+s :i* !y w be call$ ^u to use 9 _! homes4 ,s9ce ,tuskegee is surr\nd$ by p :o e>n _! liv+ by agriculture1 we h ne> ?is s*ool-h\se ?ree acres ( gr\nd on :i* ! *ildr5 are taught to cultivate fl[]s1 %rubb]y1 vegetables1 gra9s1 cotton1 & o!r crops4 ,!y are also taught cook+1 laund]+1 sew+1 sweep+1 & du/+1 h[ to set a table1 & h[ to make a b$--! employm5ts ( _! daily lives4 ,i h ref]r$ to ?is build+ z a s*ool-h\se1 b we d n call x t1 because ! "n is too =mal4 ,we h nam$ x ,! ,*ildr5's ,h\se4 ,& ?is pr9ciple holds true1 = *ildr5 ( a l>g] gr[?1 & is especially true ( ! tra9+ ( ! ,negro m9i/] :o s]ves ! p ( ! small] t[ns & c\ntry di/ricts4 ,9 ?is1 z 9 too _m o!r educational fields1 ! ,negro m9i/] is tra9$ to meet conditions :i* exi/ 9 ,new ,york or 9 ,*icago--9 a ^w1 x is too (t5 tak5 = grant$ t !re is no diff]5ce betwe5 ! "w to be done by ,negro m9i/]s among our p aft] only ?irty-five ye>s ( fre$om1 & t to be done among ! :ite p :o h _h ! advantages ( c5turies ( fre$om & developm5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,c\rtesy ( ,! ,outlook ,company ,,tea* ,,! ,,*ild ,,some?+ ,,ab\t ,,real ,,c\ntry ,,life ,! ,negro m9i/]s1 except ^? s5t to ! l>ge cities1 g among an agricultural p1 a p :o lead an outdoor life4 ,!y are poor1 )\t homes or own]%ip 9 f>ms1 )\t prop] k ( agriculture4 ,!y are able to pay _! m9i/] s small & unc]ta9 a sal>y t he c n live on x hone/ly & pay 8 bills promptly4 ,dur+ ! ?ree or f\r ye>s t ! m9i/] has sp5t 9 ! !ological class room1 sc>cely a s+le subject t conc]ns ! e-day life ( 8 future p has be5 discuss$4 ,he is taught m ab\t ! soil ( ! valley ( ! ,nile1 or ( ! valley ( ! riv] ,jordan1 ?an ab\t ! soil ( ! ,/ate 9 :i* ! p ( 8 *ur* are to live & to "w4 ,:at ,i urge is t ! ,negro m9i/] %\ld be taught some?+ ab\t ! outdoor life ( ! p :om he is to lead4 ,m ?an t1 x w\ld help ! problem imm5sely if 9 "s m practical & direct mann] ?is m9i/] c\ld be taught to get ! l>g] portion ( 8 own liv+ f ! soil--to love outdoor "w1 & to make 8 g>d51 8 f>m1 & 8 f>m-h\se object-lessons = 8 p4 ,! ,negro m9i/] :o e>ns a l>ge "p ( 8 liv+ on ! f>m is indep5d5t1 & c reprove & rebuke ! p :5 !y d wrong4 ,?is is n true ( him :o is :olly dep5d5t ^u 8 congregation = 8 bread4 ,:at is equally important1 an int]e/ 9 agricultural production & a love = "w t5d to keep a m9i/] f t idl5ess :i* may prove a s\rce ( temptation4 ,at lea/ once a week1 :5 ,i am 9 ! ,s\?1 ,i make x a practice to sp5d an h\r or m among ! p ( ,tuskegee & vic9ity--among ! m]*ants & f>m]s1 :ite & black4 ,9 ^! talks ) ! real p ,i c get at ! actual ne$s & conditions ( ^? = :om our in/itution is at "w4 ,:5 talk+ to a f>m]1 ,i feel t ,i am talk+ ) a real man & n an artificial "o--"o :o c keep me 9 close t\* ) ! real ?+s4 ,f a simple1 hone/ cultivator ( ! soil1 ,i am sure ( gett+ fir/-h&1 orig9al in=mation4 ,i h secur$ m useful illu/rations = addresses 9 a half-h\r's talk ) "s :ite or col\r$ f>m] ?an f h\rs ( read+ books4 ,if ,i 7 a m9i/]1 ,i ?9k ,i %\ld make a po9t ( sp5d+ a day 9 ea* week 9 close1 unconv5tional t\* ) ! masses ( ! p4 ,a vacation employ$ 9 visit+ f>m]s1 x seems to me1 w\ld (t5 prep>e "o z ?or\ghly = 8 w9t]'s "w z a vacation sp5t 9 visit+ ! cities ( ,europe4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii ,,on ,,! ,,exp]im5tal ,,f>m ,! purpose mo/ eag]ly s\ght by ! ,agricultural ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,tuskegee ,in/itute is to demon/rate to ! f>m]s ( ,alabama1 fir/ ( all1 t ) "r me?ods _! acres c be made to yield unfail+ pr(it1 & t !y c w9 9 ! fight aga9/ ! deadly mortgage sy/em4 ,9 _m ( ! ,we/]n & ,nor?we/]n ,/ates *eese-mak+ has l$ ! "o-crop1 :eat-gr[+ f>m]s to indep5d5ce4 ,! ,s\? has felt t ?is indu/ry 0 beyond its rea*1 & has set small /ore by ! dairy bus9ess4 ,at ,tuskegee1 n only has x be5 demon/rat$ t c[s c be made to yield f #ej to #aej p] c5t4 on ! money inve/$1 b also t e f>m] c1 at mod]ate co/1 make 8 own *eese1 ) a good supply = ! m>ket4 ,n long ago1 ! graduate ( ! ,in/itute :o is directly 9 *>ge ( ! *eese & butt] dep>tm5ts1 s5t to my home specim5s ( six k9ds ( *eese made at ! s*ool--,tuskegee ,cream1 ,philadelphia ,cream ,*eese1 ,neuf*atel1 ,cottage1 ,club-h\se1 & ,*$d>4 ,^! 7 z f9e grades ( *eese z c be f\nd 9 any o!r cream]y4 ,to f9d out :at corn1 grasses1 pease1 millet1 etc41 are be/ suit$ to ! ,s\!rn climate & soil is ! "w ( sev]al ye>s ( e>ne/ lab\r4 ,at pres5t exp]im5ts are 9 progress ) t5 v>ieties ( corn1 ) vet*1 clov]s1 cassava1 sug> beet1 ,cuban sug> cane1 eight k9ds ( millet1 ! ,p]sian & ,arabian beans1 & _m o!r food & =age plants4 ,fifty-five acres ( pea* or*>d are s[$ 9 pease1 besides ?ree hundr$ acres ( corn l& utilis$ = ?is second or auxili>y crop4 ,! vegetable g>d5 cov]s fifty acres1 & !re is h>dly a day :5 ?is g>d5 fails to help pay ! table exp5ses ( ! s*ool4 ,/ock rais+ is c>ri$ on m ext5sively ea* ye>4 ,to get ! be/ hog1 %eep1 c[1 & horse = ?is region ( ! c\ntry is ! *ief aim4 ,we _c quit cotton1 b we mu/ raise our /ock & our meat4 ,! h5 & ! bee are great weal?-produc]s1 b n m ?an "o 9 ?ree hundr$ ,macon ,c\nty families raise bees1 & few ( !m give any special c>e to p\ltry4 ,!re=e ! s*ool tru/ees sp5d a l>ge sum ( money ea* ye> 9 tea*+ ! practical lessons ( ^! indu/ries4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cultivat+ ,a ,,pat* ,,( ,,cassava ,,on ,,! ,,agricultural ,,exp]im5t ,,plot ,/ati/ical data %[ t ! av]age yield ( cotton p] acre ?r\gh\t ! ,s\? is #aij p\nds1 an a/oni%+ly l[ figure1 &1 except :5 high prices rule1 bel[ ! pay+ po9t4 ,e acre ( cotton 9 ! ,s\? c & %\ld be made to produce #ejj p\nds ( l9t4 ,%\ld ! cotton gr[] add ! trifl+ increase ( five p\nds ( l9t an acre1 x w\ld mean = ! ,cotton ,/ates a total increase ( #bdj1jjj bales1 bas$ on ! crop reports = #aijb1 ) a value ( ne>ly #ae1jjj1jjj1 accord+ to ! prices realis$ on ! crop ( #aijc4 ,! exp]im5tal /ation at ,tuskegee has appreciat$ ! trem5d\s possibilities pictur$ by su* /atem5ts z ^!1 & ! ,director1 ,mr4 ,c>v]1 has demon/rat$ ! value ( sci5tific cultivation1 by rais+ ne>ly #ejj p\nds ( cotton on "o acre ( poor ,alabama l&4 ,9 addition he has tak5 up ! problem ( cross+ v>ieties ( cotton to increase ! quality ( ! upl&s /aple4 ,^! exp]im5ts h be5 promis+ly successful1 & already a hybrid cotton has be5 gr[n :i* is va/ly sup]ior to t commonly rais$ 9 ,alabama4 ,9 o!r words1 ,tuskegee is tea*+ ! f>m]s h[ to raise a bett] grade ( cotton & m ( x1 )\t increas+ ! acreage plant$4 ,! subject ( soil improvem5t ?r\gh natural ag5cies has be5 "o ( mu* conc]n to bo? anci5t & mod]n agriculturi/s4 ,! anci5t ,egyptian knew t if he let 8 l& lie idle--re/$1 z he t]m$ x--he 0 able to produce a mu* bett] crop1 & t crop w\ld be 9 quantity & quality1 all o!r ?+s be+ equal1 proportionate to ! l5g? ( "t ?is l& _h be5 re/$4 ,at a lat] p]iod ! f]tilis+ value ( ! legumes 7pod-be>+ plants7 0 recognis$4 ,b z ! population ( ! _w increas$ & civilisation advanc$1 x became m imp]ative t all f>m+ op]ations %\ld be m int5sive & less ext5sive4 ,ea* decade saw ! progressive f>m] on 8 j\rney ( progress correct+ _m mi/akes ( ! pa/4 ,he !n began to see t x 0 q possible & practicable to keep 8 gr\nd cov]$ ) "s crop2 & ! soil also became ri*] & m f]tile e ye>--by reason ( ?is con/ant tillage--?an 0 possible "u ! old me?od ( lett+ ! l& lie fall[ = a few ye>s4 ,z sci5ce %$ light ^u 8 art1 he le>n$ t ! crop-yield+ capacity ( a soil 0 increas$ by rotat+ or *ang+ 8 f>m crops e ye> ^u l& n occupi$ by su* crops ! ye> previ\s4 ,= sev5 ye>s ,tuskegee has made ! subject ( crop rotation a special /udy1 & submits ! plan illu/rat$ by ! accompany+ *>t z ! mo/ simple & satisfactory4 ,?is *>t & data 7 work$ out by ! ,director ( ! ,agricultural ,dep>tm5t4 ,x 0 hop$ t ! exp]im5t w\ld %$ "s light on ! foll[+ p]t95t que/ions3 7a7 ,is x possible to build up ! poor upl& soils ( ,alabama8 7b7 ,c injuri\s wa%+ away ( ! soil by ra9s be ov]come8 7c7 ,are n ! f]tilis]s necess>y = ! production ( a crop on su* l& f> beyond ! rea* ( ! av]age f>m]8 7d7 ,grant+ x c be built up & made productive1 w x n take an av]age life-"t8 ,illu/ration3 ,plan ( plant+ 7e7 ,w x pay to pur*ase su* l&8 7f7 ,/ate ! smalle/ am\nt ( su* l& ! f>m] %\ld buy expect+ to make a liv+ (f x4 ,! plan = rotation z outl9$ is = a f>m ( =ty acres1 b is p]fectly applicable to "o ( any size1 ev5 d[n to a g>d5 pat*4 ,9 ord] t our ef=ts might be guid$ ) ! greate/ degree ( intellig5ce1 ! soil 0 analys$ & f\nd to be s]i\sly defici5t 9 ?ree v important elem5ts ( plant food1 & 9 ! ord] nam$3 ,nitrog51 phosphoric acid & pota%4 ,9 addition to ?is1 x 0 practically devoid ( humus 7vegetable matt]71 & o!rwise 0 9 z bad a physical condition z *emical4 ,our fir/ ef=ts 7 direct$ t[>d correct+ ! physical condition by deep pl[+1 rebuild+ t]races & fill+ 9 wa%es4 ,?is be+ done1 we are n[ ready to make def9ite plans = plant+ our =ty-acre f>m4 ,9 a f>m ?is size we f9d x is wise to set aside f\r acres to be us$ z indicat$3 7#a7 ,"o acre = ! h\se1 lawn1 fl[] g>d51 nut & ornam5tal trees4 7#b7 ,"o acre = ! g>d51 or*>d & small fruits4 ,^u ?is all ! vegetables ( v>i\s k9ds1 pea*es1 pe>s1 plums1 figs1 /rawb]ries1 blackb]ries1 grapes1 etc41 %\ld be rais$1 n simply to supply ! ne$s ( ! family1 b !re %\ld be a surplus to m>ket4 7#c7 ,"o acre = ! b>n1 p\ltry h\se1 pig/ies1 & o!r necess>y out-build+s4 7#d7 ,"o acre = a good pa/ure :]e c[s1 horses1 hogs1 & /ock ( v>i\s k9ds might be turn$ 9 f "t to "t4 ,! rema9+ ?irty-six acres %\ld be plant$ z foll[s3 ,fir/ ye>1 sixte5 acres ( c[pease1 eight acres ( cotton1 two acres ( ribbon cane1 ?ree acres ( corn1 "o acre ( sorghum1 "o acre ( peanuts1 ?ree acres ( sweet potatoes1 "o acre ( teos9te 7a gre5 fodd] plant71 "o acre ( pumpk9s1 cu%aws1 squa%1 etc4 ,! second ye> x w be obs]v$ t ! peas *ange places ) ! cotton1 corn1 ribbon cane1 sorghum1 teos9te1 pumpk9s & sweet potatoes1 except 9 a few in/ances--& ^! are :]e ! soil 03 7a7 ,naturally poor1 z indicat$ by ! acre :]e peanuts & c[pease foll[ ea* o!r ! fir/ & second ye>s 9 ord] to bett] fit ! l& physically & *emically to produce an exhau/ive crop l cotton2 7b7 ,sweet potatoes foll[+ cotton & ribbon cane4 ,"h bottom l& is repres5t$1 & is1 !re=e1 q f]tile4 ,! f]tilis]s necess>y to produce a good crop ( sug> cane & cotton 7 q suffici5t to produce a good crop ( potatoes ) b little additional f]tilis]4 7c7 ,9 ?is we h a diff]5t condition--t ( neglect$ bottom soil1 defici5t ma9ly 9 nitrog54 ,"h ! pea is plant$ ! fir/ ye> to re/ore ! nitrog52 & ?is is foll[$ by teos9te & sorghum 9 "o in/ance & pumpk9s & ribbon cane 9 ano!r2 ! physical condition ( ! soil be+ be/ suit$ to ^! p>ticul> crops4 ,) ! few exceptions m5tion$1 ! ?ird ye> is id5tical ) ! fir/4 ,su* a sy/em ( rotation has enabl$ u 9 sev5 ye>s to make a net pr(it ( #if4bb f "o acre ( ?is l&1 :5 9 ! beg9n+ we lo/ #b4dj p] acre4 ,9 #ahig1 c[pease 7 plant$1 us+ #e wor? ( ka9ite & acid phosphate p] acre--mix+ !m toge!r & putt+ 9 ! drill4 ,! se$1 prep>ation ( ! l&1 plant+1 h>ve/+ ! light crop ( v9es1 etc41 am\nt$ to #f4ej1 mak+ a total ( #aa4ej4 ,! crop sold = #i4aj1 leav+ u #b4dj beh9d4 ,9 #ahih1 ?is same acre 0 plant$ 9 sweet potatoes & f]tilis$ ) #e wor? ( ka9ite & acid phosphate1 ! same z recomm5d$ = ! pease4 ,! aft]-op]ation co/ #f4 ,fifty-five bu%els ( m>ketable potatoes 7 h>ve/$ & sold = #fj;c p] bu%el1 equall+ #cc1 & leav+ a net balance ( #bb on ! acre4 ,9 #ahii1 c[pease 7 aga9 plant$ & f]tilis$ exactly ! same z 9 #ahig4 ,! returns 7 fifte5 bu%els ( pease1 at #ee c5ts p] bu%el1 equall+ #h4be2 also "o & "o-half tons ( cur$ hay1 wor? #bb4ej1 giv+ a total ( #cj4ge4 ,less ! co/--#aa4ej--;equals #ai4be ga94 ,9 #aijj1 x 0 plant$ 9 sorghum cane1 f]tilis$ ) #e wor? ( ka9ite & acid phosphate1 plus fifte5 "o-horse wagon-loads ( swamp muck & decay$ =e/ leaves1 at a co/ ( #c4ge2 plus ! co/ ( h>ve/+1 etc41 #d4be1 mak+ a total ( #ac4 ,sev5 tons ( hay 7 h>ve/$ & sold gre5 = #e a ton1 leav+ a ga9 ( #bb4 ,9 #aija1 c[pease 7 plant$ & f]tilis$ exactly ! same z = ! sorghum4 ,tw5ty-five bu%els ( pease 7 h>ve/$1 wor? #ac4ge2 two tons ( cur$ hay wor? #bh1 mak+ a total ( #da4ge2 less ! co/1 equals #bh4ge ga94 ,9 #aijb1 x 0 plant$ 9 g>d5 truck--cabbage1 onions1 beets1 squa%1 tomatoes1 melons1 beans1 turnips1 mu/>d1 kale1 kohl rabi1 rutabagas1 etc4 ,f]tilis$ ! same z = sorghum & pease1 except half ( ! swamp muck 0 replac$ by /able manure4 ,! total op]ations co/ #ba2 ! entire crop sold = #fj1 leav+ a ga9 ( #ci4 ,9 #aijc1 x 0 aga9 plant$ 9 c[pease4 ,f]tilis$ ! same z = ! g>d54 ,tw5ty-sev5 bu%els ( pease 7 h>ve/$1 wor? #ad4he1 & ?ree tons ( cur$ hay wor? #dc1 equall+ #ef4he4 ,less ! co/1 gives u a ga9 ( #dc4he p] acre4 ,9 ?is same ye>1 a portion ( ?is field1 subject to ! same rotation1 0 plant$ 9 :ite potatoes1 us+ ! same am\nt ( muck1 ka9ite & phosphate1 at a total co/ ( #i4 ,eighty bu%els ( potatoes 7 h>ve/$ & sold = #a p] bu%el1 equall+ #hj4 ,be=e ! potatoes 7 dug1 c[pease 7 plant$ betwe5 ! r[s & yield$ #be4bb wor? ( peas & hay1 giv+ a cle> pr(it ( #if4bb p] acre4 ,ano!r acre subject$ to ! same treatm5t 0 plant$ 9 e>ly corn & foll[$ by sweet potatoes1 at a co/ ( #af4 ,x gave a crop z foll[s3 #dd4fj 9 corn & fodd]1 "o hundr$ & five bu%els ( m>ketable potatoes1 & #d4je wor? ( hay2 mak+ 9 all #aaa4fe4 ,less #af4ij1 gives a pr(it ( #id4ge4 ,x is important to note t ! data = #aijc repres5t only "o-half ( ! crop1 z ! l& is n[ 9 gra9 & w be h>ve/$ 9 "t = ! next crop1 or graz$1 :i*1 ( c\rse1 w give a net balance accord+ to ! yield ( ?is gra9 or its value 9 graz+4 ,we ?9k1 !re=e1 t ! =ego+ facts answ] q conclusively all ! que/ions 9 ! affirmative1 & t x is wise = ! ,s\!rn f>m] to pur*ase a home ev5 ( two acres4 ,,*apt] ,,xiv ,,! ,,eag]ness ,,= ,,le>n+ ,necessity compels mo/ ( ! col\r$ y\? seek+ education to "w ) _! h&s & pay z !y g4 ,x is bett] ?us1 ev5 = ^? :o d n expect to foll[ trades4 ,i d n believe t any "y man :o has work$ 8 way ?r\gh ,yale or ,h>v>d regrets ! exp]i5ce4 ,all :om ,i h met 7 pr\d ( ! a*ievem5t1 & consid]$ x an important "p ( ! tra9+ t 0 to make !m useful & capable m54 ,_m ?\s& lett]s ( application = admission to ! ,tuskegee ,in/itute are on file 9 my (fice4 ,_! g5]al tr5d is "o ( ! /ronge/ argum5ts = ! gospel ( h>d "w ) head & h&s4 ,^! "y m5 & wom5 f ne>ly e /ate ( ! ,union & _m =eign c\ntries are writ+ me scores ( lett]s daily1 ask+ = a *ance to get an education4 ,) !m !re is no su* ?+ z tak+ x = grant$ t !y w be s5t to s*ool by somebody else4 ,!y h felt ! =ce ( newly awak5$ ambition1 & lack+ money to support !mselves = ?ree1 f\r or five ye>s 9 s*ool1 are eag] to "w = x4 ,if _! p>5ts %>e ?is ambition1 x is (t5 ! case t pray]s1 & he>tfelt wi%es1 & hopes are all !y c give _! *ildr5 to help !m along ! r\gh road to fre$om4 ,= lack ( room1 we are =c$ to refuse ea* ye> ?\s&s ( applicants1 e>ne/1 plead+ c&idates1 mo/ ( !m1 :o are will+ to make any sacrifices1 to endure any burd5 ( toil1 to get ! tra9+ t is to help !m & enable !m to help o!rs4 ,m]ely to look ?r\gh ^! piles ( lett]s z !y h accumulat$ = ye>s w\ld require _m days' lab\r4 ,i h *os5 a few ( !m at r&om1 = !y %[ :y ,tuskegee /ud5ts are 9 e>ne/ f ! beg9n+ ( _! s*ool "w to ! end1 & :y !y g out to e>n a liv+1 arm$ ) s9c]ity ( purpose4 ,i h tak5 ! lib]ty ( mak+ !m easi] to read by correct+ ! crude spell+ & expression 9 "s ( !m4 ,illu/ration3 ,,c>negie ,,libr>y4 ,,built ,,by ,,in/itute ,,/ud5ts ,"h is "o 9 :i* ! writ] has a fondness = impos+ words )\t q kn[+ h[ to h&le !m3 ,de> ,presid5t3 ,i t delights 9 education h by recomm5dation conceiv$ an idea ( apply+ to y\r wor?y s*ool1 if possible1 = education1 provid$ ,i am qualifi$ to ent]4 ,believ+ t y\r catalogue w give me a ?or\gh und]/&+ ( ! same1 ,i w h]eby ask t y s5d me "o ( y\r complete catalogues t ,i may prep>e to ent] ! ensue+ fall4 ,n[1 sir1 y w please excuse me if ,i give y k ( my disposition4 ,i am full ( delight 9 education4 ,!re=e ,i w try to be "o ( ! mo/ pi\s /ud5ts ( ! "t4 ,?is w\ld also cause me to be grateful = ! privileges1 especially ^? ( lab\r1 = ?is is my fir/ inquiry :e!r ,i might rema9 9 s*ool dur+ vacation & "w4 ,9 fact1 ,i w\ld h1 please1 sir1 a prompt & cont9ual job 9 s*ool4 ,please1 sir1 to int]e/ y\rself 9 my welf>e 9 ?is circum/ance4 ,de> ,sir3 ,wi%+ to ent] ! ,tuskegee ,in/itute1 ,i h]eby write y = in=mation4 ,i wi% to ent] night s*ool & "w 9 ! day z an appr5tice 9 ! ma*9e dep>tm5t4 ,my p>5ts are poor & n able s assi/ me 9 go+ to s*ool1 s my only *ance is to "w my way if !re be any *ance at all4 ,i am n[ tw5ty-"o ye>s old4 ,i am work+ ) my fa!r on a f>m :]e ,i h be5 work+ ev] s9ce ,i h be5 l>ge en\gh4 ,i h be5 go+ s s*ool "s1 b a v little1 :ile ,i 7 v small1 & ,i _h n be5 9 sev]al ye>s until ?is ,mr4 ---- came "h1 & n[ ,i am work+ e day & go+ to s*ool at night4 ,i am pr\d to say t he has done me good two ways by tell+ me ( ! *ances af=d$ 9 ! ,tuskegee ,in/itute = poor boys & girls to educate !mselves1 & he has en?us$ my ambition = educat+ & bett]+ my condition4 ,please s5d me a catalogue ( ! s*ool1 t ,i may see j h[ ,i mu/ />t to ent]4 ,y\rs truly1 desir+ an education4 ,de> ,sir3 ,i h he>d s mu* & read s mu* ( y\r s*ool1 until ,i am crav+ to come & take a "p ) ! lead+ p ( my col\r4 ,mr4 ,wa%+ton1 ,i've he>d t a poor p]son :o desires to make a m>k 9 ! _w & hav5't ! means1 y w\ld take !m & let !m "w ! fir/ ye> = two h\rs lessons at night1 & let ?is help on _! exp5ses = ! next ye>4 ,if ?is is correct1 w y please write me at once1 = ,i am a poor girl1 & is s v anxi\s to le>n "s good trade1 also h good le>n+ 9 books1 & ,i am too poor to g to s*ool & pay4 ,s if y w let me 91 ,i am will+ to "w v h>d1 inde$ ,i am4 ,please s5d me a cle> und]/&+ ( ! s*ool1 = ,i am anxi\s to be a great woman4 ,please write me at an e>ly date4 ,de> ,sir3 ,i h read & he>d a great deal ( y\r s*ool1 & ,i want to att5d x ?is summ]4 ,i w\ld l to "k :e!r ,i c\ld "w all ( my way or n1 z my p>5ts is n able to s5d me1 & ,i want to g to s*ool1 ,i want to take a special c\rse 9 sew+4 ,k9d ,sir3 ,i receiv$ y\r imm$iate reply1 & ,i 0 truly glad to he> f y1 & to receive y\r circul> ( in=mation & its mean+s4 ,b !re is a few que/ions ( importance ,i wi% to ask4 ,c ,i ent] ! night s*ool at once1 or is !re any limit$ "t ! s*ool closes1 & :5 are ! sessions8 ,n[1 ,i hope ,i c ent] at once1 & /ay ! ye> ar\nd1 or z long z ,i c be employ$ at ! place1 s t ,i c pay my bo>d & s*ool+1 z ,i h no p>5ts & ,i am try+ to make a />t = an education4 ,i am a memb] ( ! *ur* & a lov] ( ! ,sunday ,s*ool1 also ,i feel t ,i h a sup]ior call+ f on high4 ,!re=e ,i wi% to secure ev5 a good ,engli% education4 ,may ,god provide = y\r success is ! pray] ( y\r humble s]vant4 ,k9d ,sir3 ,i h ?\ght to write y s9ce y\r lecture up "h 9 ! adjo9+ c\nty la/ fall4 ,mr4 ,wa%+ton1 ,i h a great desire = an education & x seems t ,i h _m besetm5ts 9 life t prohibits me f sav+ j ! am\nt ( money t ,i ne$ to educate myself z ,i desire s d1 & ,i w inquire ( y if y\r college has any way t a "y man c\ld "w 8 tuition out4 ,if s1 please let me "k j :at t]ms ,i c\ld ent] on1 z ,i h fully made up my m9d to try to educate myself1 provid$ any s*ool w help me 9 my /ruggle4 ,i see ! ne$ ( an education1 & ,i see t !re is fields ( "w = a "y man ( my age4 ,mr4 ,wa%+ton1 if y please1 give me a *ance if y c1 ,i am will+ to "w my way ?r\gh at any position y w\ld put me at to pay = my le>n+4 ,i am n too pr\d to d any "w ,i c help to educate myself4 ,i want to jo9 t goodly numb] ( ,negroes t is mak+ su* success at y\r s*ool4 ,please p>don su* a long lett]4 ,y\r humble que/ion]4 ,mr4 ,wa%+ton3 ,i w\ld be m ?an glad to appreciate y\r s*ool1 inasmu* z to come d[n & att5d ab\t two t]ms1 if y are n fill$4 ,i am n able to pay my bo>d 9 money1 & if !re is any vacancy 9 y\r s*ool :]e ,i c "w & pay1 ,i w\ld be m ?an glad4 ,please let me "k imm$iately1 s ,i w "k :at to d4 ,let me "k all ab\t y\r *>ges p] mon?4 ,please reply at once1 because ,i want to come z e>ly z possible4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,tailor ,,%op ,de> ,sir3 ,i receiv$ y\r k9d circul>s "s days ago1 & ,i 0 m ?an glad to he> z ,i did4 ,i w\ld h wrote be=e n[1 b ?9k+ ,i c\ld come soon1 ,i wait$4 ,?\gh times is s h>d1 ( c\rse a poor boy t has no "o to help him has a h>d "t1 b by ! help ( ! ,"l1 ,i am go+ to make a man ( myself4 ,i want to come z soon z ,i c4 ,i am go+ to br+ e "o t w come ) me4 ,i want to /ay !re & "w until ,i c ma/] a trade4 ,de> ,sir3 ,i takes great pleasure 9 writ+ to y a few l9es1 & hopes ?is w f9d y well4 ,i want to complete ! full c\rse ( education1 & am n exactly able to be> my exp5ses ?r\gh4 ,i w\ld l to "k :e!r y w give me a position to "w to pay my exp5ses ?r\gh4 ,if y w1 x w be a great fav\r & consolation to me4 ,write soon1 & let me he> f y1 & please s5d me full p>ticul>s4 ,de> ,sir3 ,aft] read+ & he>+ s mu* talk ( y\r s*ool1 ,i made x up 9 my m9d t ,i w\ld l to att5d y\r s*ool1 z ,i h be5 try+ to get an education = ! la/ two ye>s4 ,i att5d$ s*ool "h 9 ,texas = six mon?s ?is t]m1 b ow+ to my money runn+ %ort ,i _h to quit s*ool & g to "w4 ,i am a poor boy1 & ,i desire to get an education4 ,d y ?9k t y c\ld give me "w to pay my s*ool8 ,i want an indu/rial education1 & am n able to pay = x1 & ,i w d any "w ,i c get to pay = my lesson4 ,i w\ld l to att5d y\r s*ool1 b be+ poor ,i c't ent] z a day /ud5t4 ,i write to "k if ,i c ent] z a "w /ud5t4 ,i w\ld l to ent] soon en\gh s t ,i c "w dur+ ! summ] mon?s4 ,mr4 ,wa%+ton1 ,i am anxi\s to get a good tra9+4 ,be+ poor & fa!rless1 ,i h _h few advantages1 & t is :y ,i h appli$ to y z ,i h4 ,if y w or w n receive me1 please let me "k z soon z possible4 ,i receiv$ y\r circul> & 0 c>efully read+ ! t]ms4 ,!re is "s few m h9ts ,i w\ld l to ask y4 ,if ,i arrive !re ) =ty doll>s1 c\ld ,i att5d ! :ole n9e mon?s ( a s*ool ye>8 ,my occupation has be5 = ! la/ f\r ye>s cook+4 ,be=e !n x 0 f>m+1 b ,i c d a little laundry "w also4 ,9 ^! f\r ye>s ,i h att5d$ s*ool two t]ms 9 public s*ool4 ,i am v anxi\s = an indu/rial education1 s !re=e ,i desire to att5d y\r s*ool4 ,! indu/rial /udies ,i w\ld l to le>n are c>riage-trimm+ & laundry "w4 ,my /udies are ,unit$ ,/ates ,hi/ory1 ,ari?metic1 ,engli%1 & ,geography4 ,if y ?9k ,i c /ay ! :ole t]m on =ty doll>s let me "k1 & ,i w be !re 9 ,augu/4 ,i am tw5ty-two ye>s ( age4 ,please let me "k :e!r y c furni% girls "w en\gh to support !m 9 s*ool4 ,i see 9 ! ',voice ( ,missions' :]e y w give m9i/]s "w to support !mselves4 ,is !re any *ance = a girl :o wants an education8 ,i h read ( y\r s*ool1 & w\ld l s well to come !re1 b ,i live s f> away1 until ,i w\ld n be able to pay my f>e f ,new ,orleans & !n pay my s*ool exp5ses4 ,please let me "k ! *eape/ t ,i c\ld ent] s*ool1 also ! di/ance & co/ f ,new ,orleans4 ,i w\ld l to ent] next season )\t fail4 ,please write me by return mail )\t fail4 ,de> ,sir3 ,dur+ y\r rec5t lectur+ t\r y /opp$ "h & ,i 0 det]m9$ to he> y1 & :5 ,i he>d y ,i 0 fir$ ) ! ambition to g to s*ool4 ,i tri$ to get an audi5ce ) y1 b ow+ to s _m o!rs :o 7 z en?usia/ic z ,i1 ,i c\ld only speak a few words ) y4 ,d y rememb] ! "y man :o spoke to y ab\t go+ to y\r s*ool8 ,z ,i said be=e1 ,i did n h "t to expla9 x all to y4 ,i am unable to pay my way ?r\gh y\r s*ool1 b ,i am m ?an will+ to "w my way ?r\gh4 ,y told me t ,i c\ld :5 ,i spoke to y ab\t x4 ,de> ,sir3 ,my boy ran away f home dur+ my abs5ce f home 9 ,janu>y4 ,aft] he 0 gone1 ,i le>n$ f 8 associates t he said he 0 go+ to ,tuskegee to s*ool4 ,please in=m me :e!r he has made 8 appe>ance !re or n4 ,de> ,sir3 ,d y ?9k x be/ = me to ent] z soon z possible1 or wait until ! next t]m1 b ,i w\ld r ent] z soon z possible4 ,b w d z y ?9k be/4 ,i h a "m & gr&mo!r to support1 & if ,i c get an education ,i "k t ,i w be bett] fitt$ to support !m1 & ,i am sure t y w agree ) me 9 ! matt]4 ,& if y w give me a *ance1 ,i w be a man among my p "s day4 ,de> ,sir3 ,i am sorry t ,i _c be admitt$4 ,9 case ( a vacancy1 w y notify me1 or until !re is a *ance c\ld ,i come to ! s*ool 9 ! summ]8 ,i am a poor girl4 ,if ,i c't come 9 ! summ]1 ,i am go+ to try to e>n en\gh money to come & /ay two or ?ree mon?s z soon z y w let me1 ev5 if !re is no room to live at ! s*ool4 ,i w write y a few l9es to ask if y please to let me ent] into y\r b& ( col\r$ s*ol>s4 ,t is1 ,i want to come to y\r s*ool 9 ! daytime1 or at night & "w ! re/ ( ! "t4 ,if !re is any way fix$1 let me "k :e!r my "n c be put 9 y\r roll book4 ,i h j left s*ool a few days ago1 & ,i want to get 9 z soon z possible4 ,i h be5 /riv+ to come to y\r s*ool go+ on ?ree ye>s1 & at la/ ,i h got to ! po9t t if y w let me 9 ,i w be ov] !re ! fir/ day ( ,m>*4 ,please1 sir1 let me 91 if !re is any way t c be fix$ to d s4 ,i w\ld be "o ( ! happie/ boys 9 ! _w if y say ,i c\ld come4 ,please write me ^w j z soon z y read x4 ,de> ,sir3 ,hav+ j read aga9 a %ort biography ( y\r life1 & be+ desir\s ( obta9+ a bett] education1 ,i ?\ght ,i w\ld write y & p]haps ga9 ! necess>y in=mation4 ,la/ ye> ,i complet$ ! c\rse 9 ! ,high ,s*ool "h4 ,:5 s*ool op5$ 9 ,septemb]1 ,i jo9$ ! ,normal ,tra9+ ,class "h & s9ce !n ,i h be5 tra9+ 9 = a second & ?ird grade tea*]4 ,i h _h ab\t eight mon?s ( piano music & two ( vocal1 & "o s*ool ye> 9 ! elem5ts ( elocution4 ,i am desir\s ( becom+ a s*ool tea*]1 & realise h[ necess>y x is to h a bett] education4 ,i h no support b an ag$ "m4 ,i _h almo/ giv5 up hope1 b :5 ,i read ( o!rs work+ _! way ?r\gh college1 ,i am resolv$ to try4 ,is !re any possible way ( e>n+ my s*ool+ at ,tuskegee8 ,i ?\ght p]haps ,i c\ld tea* 9 ! prim>y grades a "p ( ! day to pay = :at ,i %\ld get4 ,or p]haps ,i c\ld "w 9 "s o!r way4 ,i am will+ to d any hone/ lab\r to get an education4 ,y d\btless get lett]s ( ?is k9d daily1 b ,i only ask t y please answ] & tell me if !re is any *ance = a poor girl obta9+ k4 ,i am s anxi\s t ,i w\ld will+ly "w dur+ ! vacations & holidays4 ,please answ] ?is1 & if ,i _c ga9 entrance at ,tuskegee1 p]haps y c tell me ( "s s*ool :]e ,i c4 ,if y\r answ] is favorable1 ,i w imm$iately beg9 to e>n money to pay my way !re1 = ^? ( u :o are 9 ! tra9+ class receive no sal>y4 ,,*apt] ,,xv ,,! ,,value ,,( ,,small ,,?+s ,a lifetime ( h>d "w has %[n me ! value ( little ?+s ( e day4 ,we prea* !m at ,tuskegee1 & try to en=ce !m 9 ! daily r\nd ( sixte5 hundr$ /ud5ts' lives4 ,we speak ( !m because !y are at ! bottom ( "*-build+1 & because no p]son c g on ye> by ye> =gett+ !m1 )\t hav+ 8 s\l w>p$ & made small & weak4 ,we want "y m5 & wom5 to g out1 n z slaves ( _! daily r\t9e1 b ma/]s ( _! circum/ances4 ,b ! /ructure mu/ be built a brick at a "t1 & no act is )\t its influ5ce4 ,i am 9 ! habit ( talk+ to ! /ud5t body :5 x is assembl$ 9 ! *apel = ! fir/ "t aft] ! op5+ ( ! s*ool ye> ) a good deal ( practical exhortation ab\t ! value ( little ?+s1 unimportant z "s ( !m may seem to ! new-com]s at ,tuskegee4 ,!y are told1 = example1 t among ! resolutions :i* ea* %\ld abide by ?r\gh ! t]m1 is to keep 9 close & con/ant t\* ) _! homes4 ,y c d ?is1 ,i h said1 9 no bett] way ?an by =m+ ! habit ( writ+ a lett] home once e week4 ,i fe> t ?is is n always done4 ,i want to see ea* "o ( y gr[ into ! habit ( writ+ a lett] to y\r p>5ts or y\r fri5ds at home1 z (t5 z y c f9d ! "t4 ,i d n mean by ?is t y %all get a little piece ( wa/e pap]1 snat* up a lead p5cil1 & scribble a ha/y note1 ask+ !m to s5d y "s money1 or to s5d y a dress1 or a hat4 ,i mean = y to select a "t--! ,sabba?1 if y c f9d no o!r "t--& sit d[n 9 y\r rooms1 or g to ! libr>y1 take pl5ty ( "t1 get good pap]1 ! be/ ink1 & write y\r "m & fa!r1 y\r bro!rs & si/]s1 a good1 enc\rag+1 well-?\ght-out lett]4 ,x w pay y to d t1 ev5 if y look at x f a selfi% /&po9t4 ,gr[ into ! habit ( do+ t e week :ile y are /ud5ts "h4 ,x w keep y 9 t\* ) y\r homes1 & x always pays to keep "u ! home influ5ce1 no matt] h[ humble t home may be1 no matt] h[ mu* pov]ty !re may be ab\t x1 no matt] h[ mu* ignorance !re may be 9 x--x always pays to keep 9 close t\* ) y\r homes4 ,i want y to d ?is1 n only = y\r own sake1 b m = ! sake ( y\r p>5ts1 = ! sake ( ^? :o are try+ to keep y at ?is in/itution4 ,y c make !m feel y\r appreciation 9 no bett] way ?an by writ+ !m regul>ly 9 ! mann] t ,i h tri$ to urge y to d4 ,x w enc\rage !m4 ,x w make !m feel t x pays to make ! sacrifice = y4 ,^! practical talks on ! value ( small ?+s are en=c$ by a corp ( inspectors1 ^: practis$ eyes are quick to detect ! soil$ coll>1 ! loose button1 ! unpoli%$ boot1 :5 ! =ces assemble = meals & = *apel1 & ! p]sonal appe>ance ( e /ud5t is c>efully scrut9is$4 ,no?+ is m humiliat+ to a ,tuskegee boy or girl ?an to be tak5 out ( l9e z ! body m>*es out ( *apel4 ,x requires c>e & ?\ght to make a ha/y toilet aft] a t5-h\r day on ! f>m or 9 ! %ops1 & be ready = supp] on ! /roke ( ! bell4 ,& a /ud5t late to meals goes )\t t meal unless he has a good excuse4 ,b out ( su* a sy/em arises a pride 9 p]sonal appe>ance1 & a _s ( self-respect t goes f> t[>d mak+ useful m5 & wom54 ,x mu/ be rememb]$1 too1 t mu* ( ! raw mat]ial :i* is tak5 9 h& at ,tuskegee has n _h ! advantages ( any sy/em & ord] at home1 ev5 9 ! prim>y qualities ( p]sonal cleanl9ess & neatness4 ,x s\nds l ! discipl9e ( a man-(-w> to say t "o loose or miss+ button on ! clo?+ ( any "o ( a ?\s& boys is almo/ in/antly not$ & record$1 b ! /ud5ts !mselves are pr\d ( ! fact t x is seldom t "o ( !m mu/ be call$ out ( l9e by an inspector4 ,!y h respond$ to ! te/ set = !m1 & !y nev] =get x4 ,!y feel a p]sonal sorr[ t ! epi!t %iftless has be5 us$ to *>act]ise _! race1 & !y realise t x mu/ be liv$ d[n 9 small ?+s z well z great4 ,!re is a /ud5t police =ce at ,tuskegee1 ! memb]s ( :i* are uni=m$ & all[$ to c>ry policem5's %ort clubs on _! night r\nds4 ,a visitor1 :o 0 on 8 way to my h\se1 to d9e1 met at ! gate a "y man 9 uni=m1 app>5tly on gu>d1 :o salut$ ) 8 rais$ /ick4 ,my gue/ express$ "s surprise1 say+3 ,i did n "k t y _h to gu>d aga9/ ! ho/ility ( ! ,s\!rn :ite p ( ?is region4 ,x is %ock+ to "k t race antagonism c be s viol5t & unreasonable4 ,i repli$3 ,i h no bett] fri5ds ?an ! :ite p ( ,tuskegee1 & !re is no ne$ = a body gu>d1 ,i assure y4 ,t al>m+ "y man 0 simply a /ud5t policeman :o salut$ y z he is requir$ to d all tea*]s & visitors4 ,he is all[$ to c>ry a /ick1 n because he w ev] ne$ to use x1 b because x is a badge ( 8 au?ority1 an emblem ( ! responsibility ( 8 position4 ,! (fic]s ( our cadet corps c>ry swords = ! same reasons4 ,! boy policeman & 8 club typify ! wor? ( little ?+s1 indirectly furni%+ a help t[>d ! complex /ructure ( "*4 ,! "y man 9 uni=m1 trudg+ on 8 night r\nds ab\t ! s*ool gr\nds1 feels himself m ( a man if he is equipp$ = a man's "w4 ,x adds to 8 self-respect1 & x helps him to feel t 8 duty is an important "o4 ,! ,sav+s ,bank ,dep>tm5t ( ! s*ool1 :i* is "p ( ! regul>ly au?oris$ bank+ dep>tm5t ( ! in/itution1 has be51 9 addition to its education 9 bus9ess me?ods1 a great aid 9 tea*+ ! /ud5ts ! value ( little ?+s4 ,e>ly 9 ! pres5t ye>1 !re 7 to ! cr$it ( ! /ud5ts 9 ! sav+s fund deposits ( m ?an #ad1jjj4 ,?is 0 l>gely made up ( small acc\nts4 ,! depositors are all[$ to h *eckbooks1 & to draw on _! acc\nts *ecks 9 z small am\nts z tw5ty-five c5ts4 ,z a result !y d n c>ry _! available ca% ar\nd 9 _! pockets1 b ha/5 to ! bank ) x1 & settle ne>ly all transactions among !mselves by *eck4 ,?is impresses on _! m9ds ! value ( sav+1 = ! bank acc\nt is 9 itself a /rong inc5tive4 ,^! deposits come f v>i\s s\rces4 ,! "w done by ! /ud5ts 9 ! v>i\s indu/rial dep>tm5ts is n paid = 9 ca%1 b its value is cr$it$ to _! acc\nts ) ! s*ool = ! bo>d1 lodg+1 laundry1 etc41 furni%$ !m4 ,_! "w am\nt$ la/ ye> to a ca% value ( m ?an #ij1jjj4 ,= ready money1 h[ev]1 !y mu/ dep5d on :at !y receive f home1 :i* is a small proportion ( ! total bank deposits1 & ^u :at !y are able to e>n out ( work+ h\rs4 ,_m ( !m act z ag5ts on commission = mail-ord] h\ses1 :i* supply clo?+1 %oes1 und]we>1 & a v>iety ( necess>ies & a few luxuries4 ,9 ! summ] a l>ge numb] ( "y m5 g f ,tuskegee to "w 9 ! ,s\!rn ,/ates1 _m ( !m 9 ! ,alabama coal fields1 to e>n money to pay ! exp5ses ( _! education ?r\gh ! next s*ool ye>4 ,!y save ^! e>n+s & br+ !m back to deposit 9 ! ,in/itute bank4 ,b ^! sav+s are n 9 doll>s = ! mo/ "p1 b 9 qu>t]s1 dimes1 & ev5 p5nies4 ,9 look+ ov] ! books ( ! bank rec5tly1 ! individual l$g] acc\nts attract$ my notice4 ,!re 0 a :ole page giv5 ! acc\nt ( "o girl1 ^: individual deposits did n av]age m ?an t5 c5ts4 ,!re 7 sev]al ( ?ree c5ts1 & "o ( two c5ts4 ,x seem$ to me t ?is girl /ud5t 0 wor? wat*+ 9 aft] life4 ,if %e 0 will+ to walk across ! gr\nds & back1 a r\nd trip ( p]haps half a mile1 f h] dormitory or "w-%op1 to make a deposit ( ?ree c5ts 9 ! sav+s bank1 & to cont9ue h] deposits1 al?\gh %e 0 nev] able to save m ?an a few c5ts at a "t1 %e 0 fa/ le>n+ ! value ( small ?+s1 & 0 already f> along ! pa? ( practical usefulness4 ,illu/ration3 ,,9 ,,! ,,model ,,d9+-,,room ,"o ?\s& /ud5ts assemble ?ree times a day 9 ! ma9 d9+-hall4 ,!y take _! seats )\t confusion or noise4 ,a l9e ( "y m5 & wom5 face ea* o!r at ea* table1 & ov] !m presides a /ud5t ho/ & a ho/ess4 ,! "y wom5 are seat$ fir/1 & !n ! "y m5 m>* 94 ,b no conv]sation is all[$ until all are seat$1 & until aft] a simple grace is *ant$ by ?is *orus ( a ?\s& voices4 ,! meal is some?+ m ?an a necess>y consumption ( food4 ,! def]5ce :i* a "y man %\ld always pay to woman is taught1 )\t demon/ration1 by ! mann] ( assembl+4 ,self-re/ra9t is taught ! girls by wait+ five m9utes 9 _! seats be=e !y beg9 to eat & to talk4 ,_! meet+ at table inculcates good mann]s4 ,! boys are on _! mettle to act l g5tlem51 & ! ho/ & ho/ess feel a p]sonal responsibility = en=c+ ! little details ( c\rtesy & good bre$+4 ,! corps ( tea*]s assembles = meals 9 ano!r d9+-room4 ,!y are n ne$$ to pres]ve ord] or en=ce discipl9e1 z ! /ud5ts h t matt] l>gely 9 _! own h&s4 ,inspectors see t _! clo!s h be5 bru%$1 _! faces & h&s clean$ ( ! /a9s ( ! f>m & "w %ops1 z ! army ent]s ! d9+-hall4 ,b behavi\r takes c>e ( itself4 ,x is n long s9ce ,i read ( riot\s sc5es 9 ! commons ( c]ta9 ,nor!rn univ]sities1 9 :i* /ud5ts 7 guilty ( ?r[+ bread & crock]y ar\nd ! room4 ,?is has nev] happ5$ at ,tuskegee1 & ?is k9d ( disord] 9 our d9+-hall is q beyond my imag9ation4 ,once 9 a :ile1 :5 tir$ ( (fice "w1 ,i walk across ! s*ool gr\nds & drop into "o ( ! dormitories to talk ) ! boys or girls 9 _! rooms1 & see = myself h[ !y are liv+ & :at !y are do+ to make _! rooms1 n only spotlessly neat1 b livable & attractive4 ,n long ago ,i w5t into a room 9 "o ( ! girls' halls1 :i* 0 clean b utt]ly *e]less4 ,%e said 9 explanation t %e _h be5 told t1 if %e c\ld n keep ! photographs & all ! o!r bric-a-brac t f9ds its way into a girl's room du/less & 9 ord]1 %e %\ld /ore ! sup]flu\s articles away4 ,i told h] t ! result ( ?is misguid$ endeav\r 0 a room t look$ z mu* l a b>n z x did a home4 ,%e told me h[ mu* %e _h sp5t dur+ ! t]m 9 buy+ *ocolate to make fudge4 ,= ! same outlay %e c\ld h _h pretty fram$ pr9ts on h] walls1 & o!r simple adornm5t 9 good ta/e & )\t clutt]4 ,t ev5+ ,i said1 :ile talk+ to ! /ud5ts 9 *apel3 ,i 0 9 ! rooms ( sev]al girls to-day4 ,i _h be5 9 ^! rooms be=e4 ,"s ( ! rooms are always clean & attractive4 ,y w f9d a numb] ( little1 delicate1 home-l t\*es ab\t !m4 ,y h only to g into ano!r room1 & y w feel z if y want$ to g out z soon z possible4 ,?is latt] room has possibly two or ?ree girls 9 x1 & !y are always full ( excuses1 always expla9+4 ,!y c /& = five1 t51 fifte5 m9utes1 & reel (f excuses by ! y>d4 ,^? girls1 unless !y *ange1 w nev] get ahead v f>1 ,i fe>4 ,! habit ( mak+ excuses1 ( giv+ explanations1 in/ead ( a*iev+ results1 gr[s f ye> to ye> ^u "o1 until f9ally x gets su* a hold t ,i ?9k ! victim f9ds himself almo/ z well satisfi$ ) a good1 long-drawn-out excuse1 z he does ) real tangible a*ievem5t4 ,! s*oolboy & girl mu/ be taught su* lessons 9 e mom5t ( r\t9e duty1 & !re are no little ?+s1 to be c>elessly ov]look$1 )\t dang] t repetition w bre$ bad habit4 ,! /ud5t may ?9k ^! ?+s are little1 b p]man5t injury to "* is ! price paid = indiff]5ce & c>elessness4 ,! price is paid 9 p]man5t injury to "*4 ,e doll> receiv$ at ,tuskegee comes ?r\gh h>d "w on ! "p ( "s "o4 ,e doll> is plac$ ) u because ! donor feels t p]haps x w accompli% m good "h ?an else:]e4 ,x is always a "q = !m to *oose betwe5 giv+ a doll> "h or to "s o!r in/itution4 ,! attitude ( e /ud5t1 if he wi%es to be hone/1 mu/ be t he has no "r to ask p]sons to support ! s*ool if a doll> goes into ! h&s ( an individual :o is n do+ 8 v be/ to e>n ! wor? ( x1 e mom5t ( e day1 f ris+ bell to taps on ! bugle at ! boy's hall4 ,look+ at education f ?is view-po9t1 e detail ( ! "w & adm9i/ration ( a community ( sixte5 hundr$ p1 ) _! great v>iety ( activities1 becomes vitally important1 a "p t[>d ! complete :ole4 ,?is doctr9e ( small ?+s f9ds expression 9 an inf9ite numb] ( *annels4 ,"o ( ! despis$ b abundant products ( ! ,s\!rn f>ms has be5 ! c[pea4 ,x is us$ ext5sively z a fodd] plant1 & z a f]tilis] by pl[+ x "u4 ,! c[pea is also "o ( ! mo/ nutriti\s ( foods1 :5 prop]ly cook$1 b :ile x has be5 gr[+ at _! doors ! col\r$ p h neglect$ x z a "p ( _! diet4 ,! ,tuskegee agricultural exp]t inve/igat$ ! c[pea4 ,he f\nd t x 0 z valuable = food z ! f>-fam$ ,bo/on bean1 & prep>$ 8 table ( analyses to prove x4 ,!n he work$ out no less ?an eighte5 diff]5t appetis+ recipes = cook+ ! humble c[pea1 & made practical demon/ration1 9 a boo? ( 8 own mak+1 dur+ "o ( ! ,negro ,conf]5ce ga!r+s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,pa9t ,,%op ,^! recipes he _h pr9t$ = di/ribution 9 a neat & attractive pamphlet1 & 9 ?is way he op5$ 9 def5se ( ! c[pea a successful crusade1 :i* has _h direct results4 ,x 0 a small ?+1 b x 0 n too small to be ov]look$ 9 ! ef=t to make ! be/ ( ! res\rces close at h&4 ,,*apt] ,,xvi ,,religi\s ,,influ5ces ,,at ,,tuskegee ,9 ! rapid gr[? ( ! in/itution along academic & indu/rial l9es1 ! spiritual side ( ! s*ool has n be5 neglect$4 ,dur+ ! la/ fifte5 ye>s a regul>ly appo9t$ *apla91 an orda9$ evangelical m9i/]1 has be5 connect$ ) ! s*ool1 :i* is non-d5om9ational1 b by no means non-religi\s4 ,x has mu* ( ! ma*9]y ( mo/ regul>ly organis$ *ur*es1 al?\gh1 = good reasons1 x has n seem$ be/1 yet1 to organise a *ur* 9 connection ) ! in/itution4 ,x has1 9 fact1 a mu* bett] equipm5t ?an mo/ *ur*es ab\t x1 bo? z to its h\se ( wor%ip & auxili>y s]vices4 ,fir/3 ,!re is1 ea* ,sunday1 a regul> prea*+ s]vice1 at :i* tea*]s & /ud5ts are expect$ to be pres5t4 ,second3 ,e ,sunday morn+1 dur+ ! mon?s ( s*ool1 a l>ge & en?usia/ic ,*ri/ian ,endeav\r ,society meets = an h\r's appropriate ex]cises4 ,tea*]s & /ud5ts alike belong to x1 s]ve on its committees1 &1 9 _m ways1 are v helpful to ! religi\s side ( ! s*ool4 ,! selections ( scripture read or repeat$ & comm5t$ ^u1 ! pray]s (f]$1 & ! songs contribut$ by ! /ud5ts1 %[ t !y are prep>+ !mselves = lead]%ip 9 religion z well z = usefulness 9 %op & class room :5 !y leave ,tuskegee4 ,?ird3 ,! /ud5ts are divid$ into ?irty-six ,sunday-s*ool classes1 ea* ,sunday1 to /udy ! int]national lesson4 ,!re is also a ,junior ,sunday-s*ool1 compos$ ( ! *ildr5 ( tea*]s & ( families ne> ! s*ool4 ,f\r?3 ,a fl\ri%+ organisation ( ! ,y4 ,m4 ,c4 ,a41 ably (fic]$ by /ud5ts1 makes itself felt = good bo? among ! "y m5 /ud5ts z well z by visits1 ?r\gh committees1 to ! surr\nd+ c\ntry1 ea* ,sunday1 to look aft] sick & ne$y p]sons1 especially ! ag$ poor4 ,fif?3 ,! "y wom5 /ud5ts1 "u ! lead]%ip ( lady tea*]s1 su/a9 ?ree societies among !mselves1 viz43 ,! ,"o ,c5t ,mission>y ,society1 ! olde/ 9 ! in/itution4 ,x is auxili>y to ! ,woman's ,home ,mission>y ,association ( ,bo/on1 to :i* x s5ds #e annually4 ,! ,edna ,d4 ,*aney ,mission>y ,club has its own special "w1 z has also ! ,y4 ,w4 ,c4 ,t4 ,u4 ,rec5tly1 !re has be5 organis$ a ,y4 ,w4 ,c4 ,a4 to rea* a y\ng] class ( girls4 ,ea* ( ^! organisations has prov$ itself a pot5t factor = good1 n only 9 ! s*ool & its imm$iate environs1 b beyond2 = x is ! policy ( ! ,tuskegee ,in/itute to spread its v>i\s influ5ces to o!r t[ns & communities1 :]ev] its graduates & /ud5ts f9d "w1 9 :atev] capacity4 ,six?3 ,! ,humane ,society has done mu* to tea* ! /ud5ts ! prop] c>e ( dumb animals4 ,sev5?3 ,! ,tuskegee ,wom5's ,club1 a bran* ( ! ,national ,association ( ,col\r$ ,wom51 :i* meets twice a mon? to discuss su* topics z look to ! bett]m5t ( ! wom5 & girls ( ! ,negro race 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,ano!r society1 m local1 is call$ ,mo!rs' ,c\ncil4 ,"h ! m>ri$ wom5 meet to discuss h\sehold matt]s4 ,"o ( ! memb]s ( ?is body1 ! wife ( an in/ructor1 ?\gh h]self n a tea*]1 has = sev]al ye>s be5 conduct+ a ,sunday aft]noon meet+ = neglect$ *ildr5 9 "o ( ! t5em5t sections ( ! t[n ( ,tuskegee4 ,! room 9 :i* ! meet+s are held is r5t$ = ?is purpose by ! /ud5ts ( ! ,bible ,s*ool & paid = out ( _! weekly contributions4 ,eigh?3 ,once1 daily1 at ev5+ 7,friday & ,saturday except$71 ! :ole s*ool assembles 9 ! spaci\s *apel = devotional s]vices1 l$ by ! ,pr9cipal or 8 repres5tative1 be=e retir+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,in/itute ,,*apel ,,mo/ ,,impos+ ,,build+ ,,on ,,s*ool ,,gr\nds ,,built ,,by ,,/ud5ts ,n9?3 ,p]haps ! mo/ helpful religi\s meet+ ( all is ! ,friday ev5+ pray]-meet+1 :]e tea*]s & /ud5ts ga!r1 be=e retir+1 z "o l>ge family1 = in=mal wor%ip2 = x is ! mo/ home-l ( all ! s]vices4 ,any "o is at lib]ty to take "p1 )\t re/ra9t1 & at times s mu* int]e/ is manife/$ t x (t5 happ5s t two or m w be on _! feet at ! same "t /riv+ to get a he>+1 or w raise hymns or beg9 to pray1 or speak or repeat v]ses ( ,scripture at ! same "t4 ,b ! utmo/ c\rtesy & good nature prevail4 ,^! meet+s are productive ( mu* good4 ,_m ( ! /ud5ts date _! conv]sion f ! impulse receiv$ at ^! ,friday ev5+ meet+s4 ,t5?3 ,! ,week ( ,pray] is usually obs]v$ = two weeks1 9 ,janu>y1 e ye>1 ) m or less spiritual pr(it to ! :ole in/itution4 ,! outw>d results f ! meet+s held dur+ ! pres5t ye> are ! hopeful & happy conv]sions ( m ?an "o hundr$ & fifty /ud5ts1 f all classes1 po/-graduates1 special /ud5ts1 d[n ?r\gh ! prep>atory grades4 ,! mo/ ( ^! h receiv$1 &1 aft] c>eful & pray]ful consid]ation1 h sign$1 9 duplicate1 ! foll[+ pl$ge1 keep+ "o copy & return+ ! o!r to ! ,*apla93 ,,my ,,pl$ge4 ,i ?ank ,god t ,i 0 l$ by ! ,_s to accept ,*ri/4 ,i am glad ,i am a ,*ri/ian1 & ,i promise3 #a4 ,t1 z soon z ,i c1 ,i w jo9 ! *ur* ( my *oice1 & by ^w & de$ help to build up ! k+dom ( ,*ri/ on e>?4 #b4 ,t ,i w1 daily1 ?9k (1 or read "s portion ( ! ,bible1 & w pray1 9 private ea* day ( my life1 clos+ ea* pray] ) ?is v]se3 ,"l ,jesus1 ,i long to be p]fectly :ole2 ,i want ,!e =ev] to live 9 my s\l2 ,break d[n e idol1 ca/ out e foe3 ,n[ wa% me & ,i %all be :it] ?an sn[4 --,am54 ,"n ,p4 ,o4 address ,! reclamation ( _m backslid]s also1 z well z ! spiritual awak5+ ( ! tea*]'s1 _m ( :om jo9$ he>tily 9 ! "w ( s\l-sav+1 7 gratify+ & enc\rag+ results4 ,elev5?3 ,la/1 b n lea/1 is ! :olesome influ5ce ! ,bible ,tra9+ ,s*ool has on ! entire ,in/itute4 ,?is s*ool is a dep>tm5t ( ! ,normal & ,indu/rial ,in/itute4 ,x 0 f\nd$ "s ye>s ago by a lady liv+ 9 ,new ,york1 9 ord] t poor "y m5 & wom5 might be enabl$1 on ! ,tuskegee plan1 to fit !mselves = ! ,*ri/ian m9i/ry & o!r active religi\s "w4 ,a night class is connect$ ) ! ,bible ,s*ool1 to rea* ^? :o _c att5d dur+ ! day1 b :o are desir\s ( kn[+ m ab\t ! ,bible4 ,! memb]s ( ?is class are ! f>m]s & o!r lab\r+ m5 :o live 9 ! neighb\rhood4 ,!y come twice a week = an h\r & a half1 "s ( !m walk+ two1 ?ree1 f\r1 & five miles ea* way1 & %[ ! greate/ int]e/ 9 ! lessons4 ,mo/ ( !m are pa/ors & memb]s ( *ur*es 9 _! communities4 ,! /ud5ts ( ! ,bible ,s*ool are expect$ to sp5d _! ,sundays 9 religi\s "w among ! *ur*es & mission /ations 9 ! surr\nd+ c\ntry4 ,e ,sunday morn+ !y may be se51 9 gr\ps ( two or m1 />t+ out1 aft] breakfa/1 to _! v>i\s appo9tm5ts1 rea*+ f f\r to six miles into ! c\ntry1 & to ! jail & ! *ur*es 9 ! t[n ( ,tuskegee4 ,if !y d n f9d a place ( lab\r1 !y are enc\rag$ to beg9 9 new fields1 & to rea* p :o might o!rwise be neglect$4 ,sev]al h />t$ missions1 & two1 dur+ ! hi/ory ( ! ,bible ,s*ool1 h organis$ & built *ur*es1 & turn$ !m ov] to _! respective d5om9ational connections4 ,! ,bible /ud5ts are requir$ to make a weekly report ( _! outside "w on ! foll[+ blank3 ,,weekly ,,report ,,( ,,! ,,religi\s ,,"w ,,done ,,9 ,,tuskegee ,,& ,,vic9ity1 ,,by ,,/ud5ts ,,( ,,phelps ,,hall ,,bible ,,tra9+ ,,s*ool ,"w done = ! week end+ ,sunday night #ai #a4 ,"n ( /ud5t ,are y a m9i/] ,lic5tiate or a ,layman8 #b4 ,:at is y\r d5om9ation8 #c4 ,:]e d y lab\r8 7,/ate :e!r 9 a *ur*1 jail1 or alm%\se1 etc47 #d4 ,s]mons1 ,give3 #a/4 ,numb] prea*$ #bnd4 ,scriptures read #crd4 ,! text to ea* #d?4 ,! subjects to ea* #e4 ,numb] ( adults pres5t8 #a/4 ,males #bnd4 ,females #crd4 ,*ildr5 #f4 ,numb] ( ,sunday ,s*ools att5d$8 ,numb] ( *ildr5 pres5t #a/4 ,males #bnd4 ,females #crd4 ,adults #g4 ,numb] ( pray] meet+s att5d$8 #h4 ,numb] ( m>riages solemnis$8 #i4 ,numb] ( sick visit$ 9 _! homes8 #aj4 ,numb] ( fun]als att5d$8 #aa4 ,numb] :o h secur$ homes ?r\gh y\r advice & help dur+ ! pa/ week #ab4 ,does y\r ,s4 ,s4 use ,sunday lit]ature1 su* z books1 qu>t]lies1 ,s4 ,s4 pap]s1 etc48 ,/ate :i* ,sign "h4 7,"n7 7,home ,p4,o4 address7 ,please answ] ,,e "q1 & return to ,e4 ,j4 ,p5ny4 ,a volunte] pray] meet+ is held daily1 j aft] breakfa/1 9 ! ,bible ,s*ool build+1 "u ! guidance ( ! ,bible /ud5ts4 ,?is meet+ is well att5d$ by "y m5 ( all ! classes1 :o take turns 9 lead+ ! s]vices4 ,any "o pass+ ?is build+ at t h\r w he> songs ( praise & e>ne/ voices 9 pray] to ,god4 ,all ^! societies1 at ,*ri/mas & ,?anksgiv+1 unite 9 tak+ food & o!r com=ts to ! des]v+ poor & helpless4 ,all ! "y m5 & boys at ,tuskegee are assign$ to gr\ps numb]+ twelve to fifte51 ea* gr\p 9 *>ge ( a tea*]4 ,!re are eighty ( ^! small companies =m$ t ! boys may become bett] acqua9t$ ) "o ano!r1 & gr[ 9 a _s ( mutual helpfulness4 ,e boy feels t he c g to ! tea*] :o is 9 *>ge ( 8 social unit = advice & com=t4 ,?is feature ( ! s*ool life is "u ! g5]al direction ( ! ,*apla91 & has done mu* to make ! /ud5ts feel at home4 ,discipl9e has be5 m satisfactory s9ce ! plan 0 adopt$4 ,! "y wom5 /ud5ts are organis$ 9 o!r ways to meet _! own social & religi\s ne$s1 & to br+ !m into p]sonal relations ) _! tea*]s4 ,all ^! =ces are work+ m & m = good1 & ! ,s*ool is 9 an enc\rag+ & heal?y religi\s condition4 ,,*apt] ,,xvii ,,"s ,,tangible ,,results ,s9ce ! f\nd+ ( ! ,tuskegee ,normal & ,indu/rial ,in/itute1 9 #ahha1 ! total enrollm5t ( "y m5 & wom5 :o h rema9$ long en\gh to be help$1 9 any degree1 is ab\t six ?\s&4 ,f ! beg9n+1 ! s*ool has s\ght to f9d out ! *ief occupations by :i* our p e>n _! liv+1 & to tra9 m5 & wom5 to be ( s]vice 9 ^! call+s4 ,^? :o g out foll[ ! indu/ries !y h le>n$1 or tea* 9 public or private s*ools1 tea*+ "p ( ! ye> & f>m+ or lab\r+ ! rema9d] ( _! "t4 ,"s foll[ h\se-keep+ or o!r dome/ic s]vice1 :ile o!rs ent] pr(essions1 ! ,gov]nm5t s]vice1 or become m]*ants4 ,_m ( ! tea*]s give in/ruction 9 agriculture1 or 9 ! indu/ries4 ,! pr(essional m5 are l>gely physicians & ! pr(essional wom5 are mo/ly tra9$ nurses4 ,aft] dilig5t inve/igation ,i h be5 unable to f9d a doz5 =m] /ud5ts 9 idl5ess4 ,!y are busy 9 s*oolroom1 field1 %op1 home or *ur*4 ,!y are busy because !y h plac$ !mselves 9 dem& by le>n+ to d t :i* ! _w wants done1 & because !y h le>n$ ! disgrace ( idl5ess1 & ! sweetness ( lab\r4 ,"o ( ! greate/ emb>rassm5ts :i* confronts our s*ool at ! pres5t "t is our inability to supply any l>ge proportion ( ! dem&s = our /ud5ts t are com+ to u con/antly f ! p ( bo? races1 ,nor? & ,s\?4 ,b1 ap>t f _! skill & tra9+1 t :i* has made ,tuskegee m5 & wom5 succe$ is _! _s ( unselfi%ness & _! will+ness to sacrifice !mselves = o!rs4 ,9 _m cases :ile build+ up a /ruggl+ s*ool 9 a community1 !y h work$ = mon?s )\t any fix$ sal>y or promise ( sal>y1 because !y h le>n$ t help+ "s "o else is ! secret ( happ9ess4 ,because ( ! dem& = m5 & wom5 tra9$ at ,tuskegee1 x is difficult to keep a l>ge proportion ( ! /ud5ts 9 ! s*ool until !y graduate4 ,x is1 !re=e1 n s easy to %[ ! results ( ! "w 9 concrete =m z x w\ld be if a l>g] numb] ( ! /ud5ts f9i%$4 ,b ! facts obta9able prove t ! s*ool is a*iev+ its purpose 9 prep>+ its /ud5ts to d :at ! _w wants done4 ,"s ye>s ago a "y man nam$ ,williams came to ,tuskegee f ,mobile1 ,alabama4 ,be=e com+1 he _h ne>ly complet$ ! public-s*ool c\rse ( /udy at ,mobile1 & _h be5 e>n+ ab\t fifty c5ts a day at v>i\s k9ds ( unskill$ lab\r4 ,he wi%$ to /udy fur!r 9 ! academic bran*es1 ) ! object ( comb9+ ?is k ) ! trade ( brick-masonry4 ,to take ! full c\rse 9 brick-masonry1 includ+ me*anical draw+1 he %\ld h rema9$ ?ree ye>s4 ,he rema9$ = six mon?s only4 ,dur+ ?is "t1 he got "s r\gh k ( brick-masonry & advanc$ some:at 9 8 academic /udies4 ,:5 he return$ to ,mobile1 x soon became kn[n t he _h be5 work+ at brick-masonry4 ,at once he 0 dubb$ a full-fl$g$ mason4 ,z !re 0 unusual build+ activity 9 ,mobile at t "t1 he f\nd himself 9 great dem&1 &1 in/ead ( hav+ to seek odd jobs1 he soon saw t1 9 spite ( 8 r crude k ( ! trade1 he c\ld e>n "o doll> & fifty c5ts p] day1 & h m "w (f]$ him ?an he c\ld d4 ,:5 ! ?ree mon?s' vacation expir$1 ,williams debat$ :e!r he ought to return to ,tuskegee to f9i% 8 c\rse or rema9 at home & try to pur*ase a home = 8 wid[$ "m4 ,h5ce1 see+ an opportunity to make two doll>s a day at 8 trade1 he decid$ n to return4 ,z 9 hundr$s ( o!r cases1 ! ,mobile man _h unusual natural ability1 & 0 able to get out ( 8 six mon?s at ,tuskegee a m5tal1 spiritual1 & bodily awak5+ :i* fix$ 8 purpose 9 life4 ,n only ?is1 b he _h made su* a />t 9 8 trade t by close /udy & obs]vation he 0 able to improve f mon? to mon? 9 ! quantity & quality ( 8 "w1 & )9 a few mon?s he ceas$ to "w = o!r p by ! day & began to make small contracts4 ,at ! pres5t "t1 ,mr4 ,williams is "o ( ! mo/ sub/antial col\r$ citiz5s ( ,mobile4 ,he owns 8 home & is a reliable & successful contractor1 do+ important "w = bo? races4 ,9 addition to be+ a successful brick-mason & contractor1 he owns & op]ates a dairy bus9ess1 & 8 class ( patronage is n limit$ by any means to memb]s ( ! ,negro race4 ,! value1 !n1 ( ! "w ( s*ools1 :]e ! trade or economic elem5t ent]s 9 s l>gely z x does at ,tuskegee1 _c be judg$ 9 any l>ge degree by ! numb] ( /ud5ts :o f9i% ! full c\rse & receive diplomas4 ,:at is true ( ! c\rse 9 brick-masonry is true 9 l>g] or small] measure ( all ! o!r ?irty-sev5 indu/rial divisions ( ! s*ool4 ,ano!r example3 ,craw=d ,d4 ,m5afee came to ,tuskegee ab\t #ahij1 & began tak+ ! agricultural & academic c\rses4 ,he 0 old] ?an ! av]age /ud5t1 & ent]$ "o ( ! l[] classes4 ,because he _h no money to pay any "p ( 8 exp5ses1 he 0 giv5 p]mission to ent] ! night s*ool1 :i* meant t he 0 to "w on ! f>m t5 h\rs a day1 receiv+1 mean:ile1 lessons 9 ! pr9ciples ( f>m+ & devot+ two h\rs at night to ! academic bran*es4 ,he 0 nev] class$ z a v bright /ud5t1 & 9 ! purely lit]>y /udies made su* sl[ progress1 aft] repeat+ sev]al classes1 t he left two ye>s be=e complet+ ei!r ! agricultural or ! academic c\rse4 ,x 0 not$1 h[ev]1 t1 not)/&+ inability to grasp !oretical "w1 he manife/$ unusual en?usiasm & %[$ special ability 9 practical f>m "w4 ,8 ability 0 s m>k$ t he 0 ask$ to take a place ( responsibility z assi/ant to "o ( ! s*ool's f>m manag]s4 ,x soon became evid5t t he possess$ extraord9>y executive ability4 ,he read con/antly ev]y?+ ( value :i* he c\ld secure ^u agriculture1 & soon began to %[ signs ( consid]able intellectual gr[? & ! possession ( a r>ely sy/ematic m9d4 ,mr4 ,m5afee 0 soon promot$ to a high] position at ,tuskegee4 ,illu/ration3 ,,tak+ ,,an ,,agricultural ,,class ,,into ,,! ,,field ,a few ye>s lat]1 !re came a call = "s "o to introduce !oretical & practical agriculture into ! ,/ate ,normal ,college = col\r$ p at ,tallahassee1 ,florida4 ,mr4 ,m5afee 0 recomm5d$4 ,! /ud5ts _h no wi% to le>n agriculture4 ,!y 7 oppos$ to x 9 any =m4 ,by tact & pati5ce1 ,mr4 ,m5afee gradually won ! /ud5ts & made !m see ! importance ( intellig5t cultivation ( ! soil4 ,mr4 ,m5afee has n[ be5 9 *>ge ( ! agricultural dep>tm5t ( ! ,florida s*ool = ?ree ye>s1 & has made ! /udy ( !oretical & practical f>m+ s effective t x is n[ "o ( ! mo/ popul> bran*es 9 ! s*ool4 ,n only d ! "y m5 cultivate a l>ge acreage ea* ye>1 b a numb] ( girls also receive in/ruction 9 g>d5+1 dairy+1 & p\ltry rais+4 ,9 a ^w1 ! :ole attitude ( ! s*ool t[>d agriculture has be5 revolutionis$1 & ! dep>tm5t has be5 plac$ ^u an effective & practical f\ndation4 ,!re are hundr$s ( cases simil> to ^? ( ,mr4 ,m5afee & ! ,mobile brick-mason4 ,^! repres5t a class ( /ud5ts :o h absorb$ ! _s ( ! s*ool z well z its me?ods1 & :o are do+ f>-rea*+ s]vice1 al?\gh !y are n enroll$ on our li/ ( graduates4 ,we h tri$ to give special att5tion to all =ms ( agricultural tra9+ at ,tuskegee1 because we believe t ! ,negro1 l any o!r race 9 a simil> /age ( developm5t1 is bett] (f :5 own+ & cultivat+ ! soil4 ,z ,i h expla9$ else:]e1 ! results ( our agricultural "w 9 ! pa/ h n be5 z manife/ z !y w be 9 ! future1 = ! ,in/itute has be5 compell$ to give =emo/ place to ! build+ trades 9 ord] to get "u %elt]4 ,! task ( erect+ ne>ly sev5ty build+s1 9 :i* to h\se ab\t sev5te5 hundr$ p1 has n be5 easy4 ,& yet :at are "s ( ! results ( our lessons 9 f>m+8 ,n long ago ,i drove ?r\gh a section ( ,macon ,c\nty1 ,alabama4 ,my drive ext5d$ a di/ance ( p]haps eight miles1 & dur+ ?is "t ,i pass$ ?r\gh or ne> ! f>ms ( ,a4 ,h4 ,adams1 ,?omas ,c\rri]1 ,frank ,mc,cay1 ,na?aniel ,h>ris1 ,?omas ,&]son1 ,john ,smi?1 & ,d5nis ,up%aw4 ,^! sev5 m5 _h att5d$ ! ,tuskegee ,in/itute = long] or %ort] p]iods1 & ea* _h already paid = 8 f>m or 0 buy+ x4 ,all ( ^! m5 _h /udi$ 9 ! ,phelps ,hall ,bible ,tra9+ ,s*ool 9 ! morn+1 & _h tak5 ! agricultural c\rse 9 ! aft]noon4 ,:5 ,i visit$ _! f>ms1 ,i saw !m actually at "w1 & x 0 mo/ enc\rag+ & int]e/+ to note ! air ( cleanl9ess & sy/em ab\t _! f>ms & homes4 ,9 e case !y 7 n conf9+ !mselves to ! rais+ ( cotton1 b _h le>n$ to div]sify _! crops4 ,all 7 active 9 *ur* & ,sunday-s*ool "w1 & 7 us+ _! influ5ce to get o!rs to buy homes4 ,! mo/ prosp]\s f>m] among !m 0 ,mr4 ,up%aw4 ,he began f>m+ ) practically no?+4 ,at pres5t he owns "o hundr$ & fifte5 acres ( l&1 :i* is cultivat$ by himself & family4 ,on ?is l& is a neat1 attractive h\se1 a b>n & outbuild+s1 & a small sug> h\se = boil+ syrup f ! cane :i* he raises = 8 own use4 ,8 home & f>m are models = o!r f>m]s4 ,he raises n only cotton1 b corn & oats1 vegetables1 fruit1 live /ock1 & f[ls4 ,he has an unusually f9e pea* or*>d4 ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,up%aw are lead]s 9 ! ,c\nty ,f>m]s' ,in/itute4 ,mrs4 ,up%aw is also a memb] ( ! ,mo!rs' ,meet+1 :i* assembles regul>ly 9 ! t[n ( ,tuskegee4 ,:ile ,mr4 ,up%aw's pres5t h\se is bett] ?an ! av]age f>mh\se 9 t section1 :5 ,i la/ visit$ ?is f>m1 ,i f\nd lumb] on ! gr\nd to be us$ 9 erect+ a new & l>g] h\se4 ,hundr$s ( su* examples c\ld be cit$4 ,i h giv5 ^! sev5 examples because p :o "k absolutely no?+ ab\t ! subject (t5 make ! /atem5t t :5 a ,negro gets any degree ( education he w n "w--especially z a f>m]4 ,z a rule1 p :o make ^! sweep+ ass]tions aga9/ ! ,negro are bl9d$ by prejudice4 ,! judgm5t ( any man1 black or :ite1 :o is controll$ by race prejudice is n to be tru/$4 ,) "o exception1 ,i did n "k ( ! f>m+ op]ations ( ^! m5 be=e ! drive ref]r$ to2 b ,i 0 n at all surpris$ at :at ,i saw1 because my ye>s ( exp]i5ce h br\ght me into unbrok5 contact ) ,tuskegee m5 & wom5 all ov] ! ,s\?1 & :]ev] ,i h met !m ,i h f\nd t !y _h 9 "s degree rais$ ! level ( life ab\t !m4 ,ano!r bran* ( ,agriculture1 to :i* we h = a numb] ( ye>s giv5 special att5tion1 is dairy+4 ,! dem& f ,s\!rn :ite p = tra9$ dairym5 is mu* great] ?an we h be5 able to supply4 ,9 #ahih1 ,l4 ,a4 ,smi? f9i%$ ! c\rse ( tra9+ 9 dairy+ & 9 ! academic bran*es4 ,he _h be5 able to complete 8 c\rse only by work+ dur+ ! day & att5d+ s*ool at night dur+ ! great] "p ( 8 "t "h4 ,soon aft] ,smi? graduat$1 we _h a call = a well-tra9$ dairyman f ! ,=e/ ,city ,cream]y ,company1 ,rock=d1 ,ill9ois4 ,smi? 0 recomm5d$4 ,he has be5 hold+ an important position 9 ! cream]y = five ye>s1 & has sev]al times be5 promot$ ) an increase ( sal>y4 ,smi? has paid = a neat & com=table home1 & he has ! confid5ce & respect ( ! entire community4 ,he look$ s "y & inexp]i5c$ 9 tak+ up 8 "w t 8 ability 0 d\bt$1 b x did n take him long to prove t he 0 fully equal to ! occasion4 ,! proprietor unhesitat+ly said t he 0 "o ( ! mo/ pr(ici5t & valuable m5 9 8 employ1 & t he _h plac$ him 9 a v important & try+ position--t ( mak+ butt] cultures4 ,?is is a secret dep>tm5t 9 :i* no "o except ! employees op]at+ x & ! proprietor is p]mitt$ to ent]4 ,mr4 ,smi? also did "s important *emical "w 9 connection ) a lawsuit suppos$ to involve ! manufacture ( spuri\s butt]4 ,9 ,montgom]y ,c\nty1 ,alabama1 ,mr4 ,n4 ,n4 ,scott1 a ,s\!rn :ite man1 has op]at$ = a numb] ( ye>s ! l>ge/ & mo/ successful dairy f>m 9 8 section4 ,mr4 ,scott has 9 8 employ ?ree ,tuskegee m51 ) ,scott ,?omas 9 *>ge4 ,mr4 ,scott tells u t ^? m5 tra9$ at our s*ool are ! mo/ effici5t help]s he c secure4 ,he keeps a /&+ ord] ) ,mr4 ,george ,w4 ,c>v]1 our in/ructor 9 dairy+1 to ! effect t he w employ any "o t ,mr4 ,c>v] recomm5ds4 ,n f> f ,mr4 ,scott's dairy is a small] "o own$ by ,mr4 ,e4 ,j4 ,hughes1 ano!r :ite man4 ,"s "t ago ,mr4 ,hughes secur$ ,lu!r ,m4 ,jones1 :o _h tak5 only a p>tial c\rse 9 dairy+ at ,tuskegee1 to make butt] & *eese = him4 ,su* examples c be f\nd 9 ne>ly e "o ( ! ,s\!rn ,/ates4 ,f ! beg9n+1 ! "w ( ?is in/itution has be5 closely relat$ to ! public s*ool sy/em ( ! ,s\?1 = x mu/ be cle> to all t 9 ! la/ analysis we mu/ dep5d ^u public s*ools = ! g5]al education ( ! masses1 & x is important t ! l>g] in/itutions = ! education ( ! ,negro keep 9 close & sympa!tic t\* ) ! s*ool (ficials ( ! ,s\!rn ,/ates4 ,"o way 9 :i* we assi/ ! public s*ool sy/em ( ! ,s\? is by s5d+ out m5 & wom5 :o become ! tea*]s ( tea*]s4 ,"o ( ! be/ examples ( ?is is ! case ( ,isaac ,fi%]1 a "y man :o came to ,tuskegee a numb] ( ye>s ago1 & e>n$ 8 bo>d by work+ dur+ ! day & go+ to s*ool at night4 ,two ye>s ago ,mr4 ,fi%]1 ^u my recomm5dation1 0 elect$ by ! ,/ate (ficials ( ! ,/ate ( ,arkansas to ! important position ( ,pr9cipal ( ! ,bran* ,normal ,college ( ,p9e ,bluff1 ,arkansas1 ! ma9 in/itution = tra9+ col\r$ tea*]s = ! public s*ools ( t commonweal?4 ,mr4 ,fi%] has associat$ ) him a l>ge =ce ( tea*]s1 two ( :om also are ,tuskegee graduates4 ,9 ! s*ool are /ud5ts _m ( :om w become n only public-s*ool tea*]s 9 ! usual s5se1 b hav+ be5 tra9$ by ,mr4 ,fi%] 9 ! indu/ries1 !y w be able to introduce !m gradually into _! tea*+4 ,!re is h>dly a s+le ,s\!rn ,/ate :]e our m5 & wom5 are n f\nd 9 "s ( ! l>g] s*ools = tra9+ tea*]s4 ,our /ud5ts at ,tuskegee are in/ruct$ con/antly 9 me?ods ( build+ s*oolh\ses & prolong+ ! s*ool t]m4 ,x is safe to say t outside ! l>g] ,s\!rn cities & t[ns 9 ! rural di/rict1 "o w f9d n9e-t5?s ( ! s*ool build+s :olly unfit = use1 & r>ely is ! public s*ool session long] ?an five mon?s--9 mo/ cases n m ?an f\r4 ,^! conditions exi/ l>gely because ( ! pov]ty ( ! ,/ates4 ,"o ( ! problems ( our tea*]s is to %[ ! p h[ ?r\gh private ef=t !y c build s*oolh\ses & ext5d ! s*ool t]m4 ,milton ,call[ay left ,tuskegee ?ree ye>s ago4 ,9 addition to tak+ ! normal c\rse1 he le>n$ ! trade ( t9smi?+4 ,:5 he return$ to 8 home at ,union ,spr+1 ,bullock ,c\nty1 ,alabama1 he secur$ a s*ool "s di/ance 9 ! c\ntry4 ,! t]m 0 s %ort t ,call[ay f\nd he c\ld n live all ! ye> by tea*+ dur+ ! ?ree or f\r mon?s ( ! session4 ,call[ay's trade came to 8 rescue4 ,soon aft] he began tea*+1 he made an arrangem5t ) a :ite man 9 ! t[n by :i* he 0 to "w 9 8 %op on ,saturdays & dur+ 8 vacation mon?s4 ,by foll[+ ?is plan1 ! s*ool is gradually be+ built up1 ! p are be+ taught to save _! money1 improve ! s*oolh\se1 prolong ! s*ool t]m1 & buy homes4 ,moses ,p4 ,simmons1 ano!r "o ( our graduates 9 an adjo9+ c\nty1 has l5g!n$ ! t]m ( ! public s*ool by tea*+ ! *ildr5 h[ to gr[ vegetables1 :i* h be5 dispos$ ( = s*ool purposes4 ,dur+ ! late/ session ( our ,negro ,conf]5ce 9 ,febru>y1 "o delegate f ,conecuh ,c\nty1 ,alabama1 told h[ 8 p _h ne>ly d\bl$ ! l5g? ( ! s*ool t]m by ea* family's agree+ to plant an extra half-acre :i* 0 designat$ z ! s*ool half-acre4 ,a numb] ( ,tuskegee m5 & wom5 h put on foot "s su* s*eme z ?is4 ,i ask$ "o ( ! (ficials ( ! ,tuskegee ,in/itute to canvass our ne>e/ l>ge city1 ,montgom]y1 ,alabama1 9 ord] to obta9 ! "n ( e /ud5t !re :o _h receiv$ a diploma or c]tificate f ,tuskegee1 or :o _h rema9$ long en\gh to be 9 any degree influ5c$ by its tea*+1 & to report to me exactly :at he f\nd aft] mak+ a p]sonal inspection4 ,"h are a few ( 8 reports3 ,p]ry1 ,j4 ,w41 class ( #ahhi1 lives ne> ! city4 ,is f>m+4 ,he controls #aej acres1 owns five head ( cattle1 & tea*es s*ool six mon?s 9 ! ye>4 ,davis1 ,joseph1 :o has be5 away f ,tuskegee ?ree ye>s1 ,i f\nd at "w on a f\r-/ory build+ 9 process ( erection on ,comm]ce ,/reet4 ,he 0 gett+ #b4ej a day4 ,at "w on ! same job 7 ,william ,full] at #c4fj a day1 & ,h4 ,t4 ,:eat at #b4ej4 ,la/ summ] ,full] receiv$ #d a day = f\r mon?s1 at ,troy1 ,alabama4 ,mot51 ,pi]ce1 is at "w z drug cl]k 9 ! drug /ore ( ,d4 ,a4 ,c4 ,dungee1 at ! corn] ( ,c\rt & ,wa%+ton ,/reets4 ,he graduat$ f ,tuskegee 9 #aijb4 ,:ile at ! s*ool he work$ 9 ! hospital1 & mu* ( t "t _h *>ge ( ! drug room4 ,he is /udy+ m$ic9e1 & has already sp5t a session at ,meh>ry ,m$ical ,college1 ,na%ville1 ,t5nessee4 ,campbell1 ,mrs4 ,b]ry ,n4 7,miss ,b[571 graduat$ 9 ! class ( #ahhg1 & h] home has be5 9 ,montgom]y mo/ ( ! "t s9ce !n1 al?\gh h] "w at times takes h] away f ! city4 ,%e is a tra9$ nurse ( excell5t reputation & wide exp]i5ce1 & has frequ5tly be5 employ$ at ,hale's ,infirm>y4 ,:5 ,i inquir$ = h] %e 0 tak+ c>e ( a private case4 ,%e owns two good h\ses on ,union ,/reet & on ,high ,/reet1 bo? ( :i* ,i saw4 ,%e also owns a vacant lot4 ,!re 7 only ?ree ^: records 7 f\nd to be unc]ta9 or unsatisfactory4 ,! same k9d ( inve/igation w reveal almo/ simil> conditions exi/+ 9 a great] or less degree 9 o!r ,s\!rn cities4 ,n[ let me %[ _! life 9 small] t[ns3 "o conta9+ betwe5 f\r & five ?\s& inhabitants4 ,"s "t ago ,mr4 ,b$=d1 "o ( our tru/ees1 made a p]sonal inve/igation 9 ,eufaula1 ,alabama4 ,i quote directly f ,mr4 ,b$=d z to :at he f\nd3 ,sydney ,murphy graduat$ 9 #ahhg4 ,he w5t at once to ,eufaula4 ,= ?ree ye>s he taught & f>m$ 9 ! c\ntry4 ,he 0 !n made pr9cipal ( ! col\r$ public s*ools ( ! city4 ,he /ill holds ?is position1 & is n[ s]v+ 8 ?irte5? ye>4 ,he has a nice home 9 ! city1 ?ree h\ses t he r5ts1 & "s vacant lots4 ,john ,jordan1 #aija1 a graduate 9 h>ness-mak+1 op5$ a %op 9 ,eufaula1 ,septemb]1 #aija4 ,he rea*$ ,eufaula ) #af & a v few tools4 ,he paid #g lic5se1 #c4ej 9 advance = a mon?'s r5t1 & _h #e4ej = bo>d & o!r exp5ses4 ,he curta9$ (f a little space 9 8 %op = a b$room1 & ) an oil/ove cook$ 8 own meals4 ,9 ?is way he sav$ up #ej1 b lo/ x 9 ! failure ( ! bank ( ,eufaula4 ,he has gone "r on ) 8 bus9ess1 & n[ has "o ( ! be/ %ops 9 ! city4 ,he has e/abli%$ ! ,p's ,libr>y1 :i* has m ?an #fjj volumes 9 x4 ,he has a read+-room & lit]>y society ov] :i* he presides1 & is sup]9t5d5t ( ! ,a4 ,m4 ,e4 ,sunday-s*ool4 ,aft] sev]al ye>s at ! s*ool1 dur+ :i* !y work$ ^u ! s*ool f>m1 ,frank & ,d[ ,l4 ,reid left ,tuskegee at ! completion ( ! ,b ,middle ,class4 ,frank1 ! old] bro!r1 left 9 ! ye> #ahhh1 & ,d[ 9 ! ye> #ahia4 ,be=e com+ to ,tuskegee1 ^! "y m5 _h liv$ ^u a r5t$ f>m ) _! fa!r1 b on return+ home !y decid$ to buy a f>m ( _! own4 ,!y ent]$ into an agreem5t to pur*ase a f>m ( #cbj acres1 f\r miles f ! old home/ead1 & ) little or no money1 b ) a det]m9ation to succe$1 !y began to cultivate ! l&4 ,!y agre$ to pay #e4ej p] acre = ! place1 &1 reg>dless ( ! fact t !y _h little money at ! "t1 !y b\ght ! f>m1 pay+ 9 a few ye>s ! :ole am\nt1 #a1gfj4 ,9 addition to ?is f>m1 ! ,reid bro!rs1 z !y are /yl$ = miles ar\nd1 h b\ght ano!r f>m ( #bbe acres at #aj p] acre4 ,?is f>m is ab\t two miles away f ! place fir/ m5tion$4 ,:5 ! f9al paym5t ^u ?is la/ pur*ase is made 9 ! fall1 aft] crops h be5 ga!r$ & m>ket$1 a total ( #d1jaj w h be5 made & exp5d$ = l& by ^! "y m5 s9ce ! y\ng] "o left ,tuskegee "s twelve ye>s ago4 ,! /ock & f>m+ implem5ts on ^! f>ms are f> sup]ior to ^? se5 ^u mo/ ( ! plantations4 ,on ! f>m ( #cbj acres are sev5te5 f9e horses & mules1 all l>ge & 9 good condition2 !re are ?irty well-br$ c[s & fifty f9e1 heal?y look+ hogs1 besides a l>ge numb] ( *ick5s & gu9eas1 :i* furni% pl5ty ( eggs = ! families' use4 ,! f>m+ implem5ts1 includ+ pl[s1 m[]s1 rakes1 h>r[s1 etc41 are ( ! late/ patt]ns4 ,! f\r d\ble wagons1 ! s+le top-buggy1 ! road wagon & g-c>t are all 9 good ord]1 & are kept "u cov] :5 n 9 use4 ,we (t5 f9d f>m]s 9 ! ,s\? :o1 :5 ! crop is made1 leave ! pl[s1 ! m[]1 ! rake1 9 fact1 all ! f>m+ implem5ts1 /&+ out 9 ! field1 expos$ to w9d & wea!r all ?r\gh ! w9t] mon?s4 ,a visitor to ! ,reid bro!rs' plantation w f9d t ea* piece ( ma*9]y on ?is plantation has a place "u a %$ built = ! purpose1 & is kept !re :5 n 9 use4 ,!re are eight dwell+-h\ses--a f\r-room frame build+ 9 :i* ! "y m5 & _! families live1 & sev5 log cab9s 9 :i* ! f>mh&s live ) _! families4 ,! fir/ is r old & uncomely 9 appe>ance f ! outside1 b ! int]ior is m pleas+4 ,! b$rooms are l>ge & clean1 ) suffici5t w9d[s & doors to p]mit ( necess>y v5tilation dur+ ! sleep+ h\rs4 ,! d9+-room is well kept1 & ! :ole int]ior ( ! h\se pres5ts a neat1 clean & attractive appe>ance4 ,?is h\se is to be replac$ by a l>g] "o1 to be built dur+ ! w9t]4 ,a l>ge cotton-g91 ) an eighty-too? saw1 is own$ & op]at$ by ^! "y m54 ,la/ ye>1 besides g9n+ ! #abe bales ( cotton rais$ ^u _! own plantation1 !y g9n$ ! cotton rais$ by ne>ly all ! o!r f>m]s 9 ! neighb\rhood4 ,! po/-(fice at ,dawk9s 0 =m]ly ab\t f\r miles f its pres5t location1 b s9ce ! ,reid bro!rs settl$ !re & ! community grew s rapidly ! po/-(fice 0 remov$ to _! place1 & ! plantation 0 nam$ ,dawk9s4 ,! po/-(fice is locat$ 9 ! g5]al m]*&ise /ore ( ! ,reids1 & ,mr4 ,frank ,reid is po/ma/]4 ,!re 0 nei!r a *ur* nor a s*oolh\se 9 ! community :5 ^! "y m5 w5t to ,dawk9s4 ,!y pur*as$ f\r acres ( l& ne>by1 & n only gave ?is l&1 b assi/$ 9 build+ a com=table *ur*1 :i* has be5 us$ bo? z a *ur* & a s*oolh\se4 ,prea*+ s]vices are held regul>ly 9 ! *ur*1 & a fl\ri%+ s*ool is taught f sev5 to n9e mon?s ea* ye>4 ,la/ ye> m ?an "o hundr$ boys & girls 7 regi/]$4 ,mr4 ,j4 ,n4 ,call[ay1 :o graduat$ f ! ,tuskegee ,in/itute 9 #ahib1 is pr9cipal ( ! s*ool1 & has "o assi/ant tea*]4 ,a new two-room s*oolh\se is n[ be+ built ?r\gh ! ef=ts ( ,mr4 ,call[ay1 & w be complet$ at ! "t ( ! op5+ ( ! s*ool ! latt] "p ( next ,octob]4 ,i am (t5 ask$ to :at ext5t we are able to supply dome/ic s]vants directly f ?is in/itution4 ,i always answ]1 ,n to any l>ge ext5t1 not)/&+ ! fact t wom5 are tra9$ "h 9 ev]y?+ relat+ to "w 9 ! home4 ,:5 a woman f9i%es "o ( our c\rses1 %e is 9 dem& at once at a sal>y ?ree or f\r times z l>ge z t paid 9 ! av]age home4 ,aside f ?is1 we are do+ a l>g] s]vice by s5d+ out ov] a l>ge ext5t ( t]ritory /rong lead]s :o w g into local communities & tea* ! lessons ( home-mak+ ?an we c\ld by try+ to s5d a cook directly into ea* family :o applies to u4 ,! latt] w\ld be a nev]-end+ process4 ,miss ,annie ,canty1 = example1 tea*es cook+ & o!r indu/ries 9 ! public s*ools ( ,columbus1 ,georgia4 ,!re is a little leav5 t we hope w gradually help leav5 ! :ole lump4 ,l>gely ?r\gh ! influ5ce ( our graduates1 cook+ & o!r indu/ries are be+ taught 9 _m ( ! public s*ools ( ! ,s\?4 ,ano!r "y woman1 ,miss ,m>y ,l4 ,mc,crary1 is do+ ! same ?+ 9 ! ,indu/rial ,college = col\r$ p 9 ,oklahoma4 ,n a few ( our m5 h become m]*ants1 & !y are g5]ally patronis$ by bo? races & h high comm]cial rat+4 ,two ( ! be/ examples ( ?is class are ,mr4 ,a4 ,j4 ,wilborn1 :o is a successful m]*ant 9 ! t[n ( ,tuskegee1 & ,mr4 ,a4 ,j4 ,wood1 ( ,b5ton1 ,alabama4 ,la/ ,janu>y1 :5 9 ,los ,angeles1 ,cali=nia1 ,i met by *ance a "y man :o _h tak5 a p>tial c\rse 9 our nurse-tra9+ dep>tm5t4 ,i ask$ him if he 7 reflect+ cr$it ^u ! ,tuskegee ,in/itute8 ,)\t a ^w1 he pull$ out a bank-book & ask$ me to inspect x4 ,i f\nd a sub/antial sum record$ to 8 cr$it4 ,be=e ,i 0 ?r\gh ) ! inspection ( ! fir/ bank-book1 he h&$ me a second :i* %[$ an am\nt to 8 cr$it at ano!r bank4 ,i f\nd t ,mrs4 ,b>re1 ano!r ( our graduates1 is "o ( ! lead+ tra9$ nurses ( ! same city4 ,,*apt] ,,xviii ,,spread+ ,,! ,,tuskegee ,,_s ,"o ( ! que/ions mo/ frequ5tly ask$ me is1 ,to :at ext5t are ,tuskegee graduates able to reproduce ! "w ( ! p>5t in/itution8 ,j z ! ,tuskegee ,in/itute is an outgr[? ( ! ,hampton ,in/itute1 s o!r small] s*ools h gr[n out ( ! ,tuskegee ,in/itute 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! c\ntry4 ,!re are at pres5t sixte5 s*ools ( "s size :i* h gr[n out ( ! ,tuskegee ,in/itute or h be5 organis$ by ,tuskegee m5 & wom54 ,9 all in/ances1 ^! s*ools h become l>ge en\gh to be *>t]$ "u ! laws ( ! ,/ate4 ,! ,vorhees ,indu/rial ,s*ool at ,d5m>k1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 = example1 0 f\nd$ by ,elizabe? ,e4 ,wright1 class ( #ahid4 ,x is n[ 9 its sev5? ye>4 ,miss ,wright 0 greatly oppos$ at fir/ by bo? ! :ite & col\r$ p1 b %e p]sev]$1 & has at l5g? ov]come all opposition4 ,%e has #cjj acres ( l&1 all paid =4 ,a l>ge c5tral build+ has be5 erect$ at a co/ ( #c1jjj4 ,?is conta9s (fices1 class rooms1 & a *apel t w seat #fjj4 ,?is build+ is paid =1 & a girls' dormitory1 to co/ #d1jjj1 ! money = :i* is 9 ! treasury1 is 9 process ( erection4 ,! plans = bo? ( ^! build+s 7 drawn by a ,tuskegee /ud5t4 ,a b>n to co/ #hjj is ne>ly complet$1 & !re are sev]al o!r small build+s4 ,miss ,wright is assi/$ by ?ree ,tuskegee graduates1 "o z ! f>m sup]9t5d5t1 "o z treasur] & bookkeep]1 & ! o!r z c>p5t] & tea*] ( draw+4 ,! day & bo>d+ /ud5ts numb] m ?an #cjj4 ,f>m+ 9 its v>i\s bran*es is ! pr9cipal "w ( ! /ud5ts1 b !y are also taught %oemak+1 c>p5try1 cook+1 sew+1 h\sekeep+1 & laund]+1 :ile pr9t+ & blacksmi?+ are soon to be add$ to ! c\rse4 ,! s*ool sp5t #i1jjj la/ ye> 9 curr5t exp5ses1 build+ exp5ses1 & ! pur*ase ( l&4 ,ano!r ( our graduates1 ,mr4 ,v4 ,*ambliss1 has *>ge ( ! f>m+ op]ations ( ! ,s\!rn ,l& ,improvem5t ,company4 ,ab\t =ty ,negro families h settl$ ^u l& controll$ by ?is organisation1 & ! numb] is increas+ ea* ye>4 ,^! families are be+ giv5 ! opportunity to buy _! homes ?r\gh _! own lab\r & "u ! guidance ( ,mr4 ,*ambliss4 ,mr4 ,*ambliss does n use ! hoe himself1 = he f9ds x m economical to utilise 8 "t direct+ ! "w4 ,:5 ! _w wants cotton or corn1 x c>es little :e!r ! man uses 8 p5 or 8 hoe4 ,:at x desires are results4 ,"s m5 h ! ability to produce fifty times z mu* cotton ) ! p5 z ) ! hoe4 ,ano!r example w %[ h[ our /ud5ts succe$ :5 work+ directly "u o!rs4 ,! lett] :i* foll[s is to ! po9t3 ,,pr(essor ,,book] ,t4 ,,wa%+ton4 ,de> ,sir3 ,! /ud5ts f y\r s*ool :o h be5 at "w "h dur+ ! vacation expect to return to ,tuskegee to-morr[1 & we want to say to y t ^! boys h demon/rat$ to our company ! wond]ful b5efit ( y\r tea*+4 ,^! "y m5 h tak5 hold ( _! "w 9 a /eady & bus9esslike way1 & h work$ uncompla9+ly dur+ ! sev]e heat ( ! pa/ summ]4 ,we w\ld l1 if x is possible1 to induce a numb] ( y\r /ud5ts to pur*ase _! homes ab\t our works 9 ,nor? ,birm+ham & become regul> workm5 9 our diff]5t %ops4 ,we h a lett] be=e u n[1 writt5 by "o ( y\r /ud5ts1 ,john ,davis1 :i* w\ld reflect cr$it on ! ma/]s ( ,yale or ,h>v>d4 ,please accept our be/ wi%es = ! success ( ! gr& "w y h und]tak54 ,,dimmick ,,pipe ,,works ,,company1 ,birm+ham1 ,alabama4 ,a conspicu\s example ( a ,tuskegee graduate :o is us+ 8 k ( /ock-rais+ 9 a practical way is t ( ,william ,johnson ,%oals1 ( ,cle> ,creek1 ,indian ,t]ritory4 ,%oals owns & op]ates 8 own /ock f>m1 "o ( ! l>ge/ 9 ! ,t]ritory1 & has be5 successful f ! v beg9n+4 ,! foll[+ lett] indicates "o ( ! ways 9 :i* we are able to assi/ ! public-s*ool sy/em f "t to "t3 ,,e!lville1 ,,alabama1 ,june1 #aijc4 ,,pr(essor ,b4 ,t4 ,,wa%+ton4 ,i am v anxi\s to af=d ! col\r$ tea*]s ( ?is c\nty ! be/ in/ruction possible1 & s ,i write to ask if y _c s5d u "o ( y\r tea*]s to conduct a ,normal ,in/itute1 to be held at ,c>rollton1 ,june #bi? to ,july #d?--a tea*] :om y c recomm5d4 ,i am sorry to say ! c\nty has no money x c sp5d on ?is matt]4 ,y\rs truly1 ,w4 ,h4 ,,/orey1 ,c\nty ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,education4 ,! foll[+ in/itutions h gr[n out ( ! ,tuskegee ,in/itute & h be5 *>t]$ "u ! laws ( _! respective ,/ates4 ,n only h !y be5 f\nd$ by ,tuskegee graduates1 b ! (fic]s & 9 _m cases ! entire faculty are f ,tuskegee3 ,mt4 ,meigs ,in/itute1 ,waugh1 ,alabama2 ,sn[ ,hill ,in/itute1 ,sn[ ,hill1 ,alabama2 ,vorhees ,indu/rial ,s*ool1 ,d5m>k1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a2 ,ea/ ,t5nessee ,normal & ,indu/rial ,in/itute1 ,h>riman1 ,t5nessee2 ,rob]t ,hung]=d ,indu/rial ,in/itute1 ,eatonville1 ,florida2 ,topeka ,educational & ,indu/rial ,in/itute1 ,topeka1 ,kansas2 ,all5gre5e ,normal & ,indu/rial ,in/itute1 ,ru/on1 ,l\isiana2 ,utica ,normal & ,indu/rial ,in/itute1 ,mississippi2 ,*ri/ianburg ,in/itute1 ,cambria1 ,virg9ia4 ,! /ory ( /ruggle1 sacrifice & h>d "w connect$ ) ! f\nd+ ( "s ( ^! s*ools is m ak9 to romance ?an to reality4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,furniture ,,& ,,repair ,,%op ,,at ,,sn[ ,,hill ,sn[ ,hill ,in/itute1 ,sn[ ,hill1 ,alabama1 by way ( illu/ration1 0 f\nd$ by ,william ,j4 ,edw>ds1 ( ! class ( #ahic4 ,?is s*ool is n[ 9 its t5? ye>1 & 0 />t$ 9 a "o-room cab94 ,soon aft] ! s*ool 0 e/abli%$1 ,hon\rable ,r4 ,o4 ,simpson1 a weal?y :ite resid5t ( ! community1 0 s impress$ ) its good effect ^u ! ,negroes ( ! vic9ity t he gave ! s*ool =ty acres ( l&4 ,?is has be5 add$ to1 until ! s*ool n[ owns #afj acres1 & prop]ty to ! value ( #cj1jjj4 ,la/ ye> x exp5d$ #bj1jjj 9 its op]ations4 ,x has ab\t #djj /ud5ts1 #bjj ( !m be+ bo>d+ /ud5ts4 ,! foll[+ trades are taught3 ,f>m+1 c>p5try1 :eelwright+1 blacksmi?+1 pa9t+1 brickmak+1 pr9t+1 sew+1 cook+1 h\sekeep+4 ,ab\t tw5ty tea*]s & in/ructors are employ$1 ne>ly all graduates or =m] /ud5ts ( ,tuskegee4 ,sn[ ,hill has s5t out tw5ty-five graduates4 ,all are requir$ to pass ! ,/ate tea*]s' exam9ation be=e graduat+4 ,six ( !m are tea*]s 9 ! ,in/itute4 ,! s*ool n only has ! support & ! sympa?y ( ,mr4 ,r4 ,o4 ,simpson1 b ( all ! be/ :ite p 9 ! c\nty4 ,a little m ?an a ye> ago "o ( our graduates1 ,mr4 ,*>les ,p4 ,adams1 e/abli%$ a small s*ool at ,ru/on1 ,l\isiana4 ,at pres5t ! s*ool owns tw5ty-five acres ( l&1 on :i* a s*oolh\se co/+ #a1bjj has be5 built & paid =4 ,! s*ool t]m has be5 ext5d$ f ?ree to eight mon?s1 ) ?ree tea*]s--all ,tuskegee graduates--& #aaj pupils4 ,9 connection ) ! class-room "w ! /ud5ts are taught agriculture & h\sekeep+4 ,all ?is has be5 done 9 a little m ?an "o ye> ) money & lab\r contribut$ by ! p ( bo? races 9 ! community4 ,9 reg>d to ,mr4 ,adams's "w1 ,hon\rable ,b4 ,f4 ,?ompson1 ! ,mayor ( ,ru/on1 says1 ,pr(essor ,adams des]ves cr$it = :at he has accompli%$4 ,hon\rable ,s4 ,d4 ,pe>ce1 ! repres5tative ( ! p>i% 9 ! ,/ate ,legislature1 says1 ,! s*ool is do+ f9e "w = ! education ( ! col\r$ y\? ( ?is section ( ! ,/ate1 & ,pr(essor ,adams is mak+ a vigor\s /ruggle = its advancem5t4 ,mr4 ,w4 ,e4 ,r$w9e1 ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,public ,in/ruction = ! p>i%1 says1 ,pr(essor ,adams is do+ "w 9 ! "r direction = ! bett]m5t ( 8 race4 ,mr4 ,a4 ,j4 ,bell1 ! editor ( ! local newspap]1 says1 ,8 "w 9 ?is section has be5 productive ( incalculable good4 ,z to ! "w ( ! ,utica ,normal & ,indu/rial ,in/itute1 ,utica1 ,mississippi1 ,i w let ,mr4 ,w4 ,h4 ,holtzclaw1 ! pr9cipal1 tell 9 8 own words3 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,sew+-,,class ,,at ,,sn[ ,,hill ,i came "h f ,sn[ ,hill1 ,alabama1 la/ ,octob]1 )\t a c5t 7,i left my wife beh9d because ( lack ( means to br+ h]1 & ,i walk$ "p ( ! way ?r\gh a wild & unfrequ5t$ "p ( ?is ,/ate71 & />t$ ?is "w "u a tree4 ,n[ we h two horses1 =ty acres ( l&1 "o c[ & a calf1 a f>m plant$ & gr[+1 m ?an #bjj /ud5ts1 sev5 tea*]s1 & a build+ go+ up4 ,9 all my ef=ts ,i h _h ! wise c\nsel & con/ant assi/ance ( ,mrs4 ,holtzclaw1 )\t :i* ,i c\ld n h made mu* progress4 ,h>riman ,indu/rial ,in/itute1 ,h>riman1 ,t5nessee1 0 e/abli%$ five ye>s ago by ,j4 ,w4 ,oveltrea1 ( ! class ( #ahic4 ,! s*ool has ?irty acres ( l& 9 ! suburbs ( ,h>riman4 ,mr4 ,oveltrea & 8 wife are bo? graduates ( ,tuskegee1 & !y h be5 aid$ 9 _! "w by ,tuskegee graduates & /ud5ts4 ,! s*ool has f\r build+s & ab\t "o hundr$ /ud5ts4 ,sev]al trades are taught4 ,! ,rob]t ,hung]=d ,in/itute1 9 ,eatonville1 ,florida1 0 f\nd$ by ,r4 ,c4 ,calh\n1 ( ! class ( #ahif4 ,eatonville is ab\t six miles f ,orl&o4 ,mr4 ,calh\n _h no?+ to beg9 ) b ! little public s*ool4 ,he has secur$ #bjj acres ( l&1 cle> ( debt1 & a ye> ago d$icat$ ,book] ,t4 ,wa%+ton ,hall1 a dormitory & class-room build+1 ) *apel4 ,?is build+1 ! plans ( :i* 7 drawn by a ,tuskegee graduate1 co/ #c1jjj4 ,! trades taught are f>m+1 :eelwright+1 pa9t+1 c>p5try1 sew+1 cook+ & laund]+4 ,miss ,na?alie ,"l1 "o ( my e>ly tea*]s at ,hampton1 is a tru/ee ( ?is s*ool4 ,! s*ool is n[ 9 its f\r? ye>4 ,x has =ty bo>d+ /ud5ts & ne>ly "o hundr$ day /ud5ts4 ,mrs4 ,calh\n1 :o is h] husb&'s assi/ant1 0 a /ud5t at ,tuskegee1 z 0 also ! man :o has *>ge ( ! blacksmi? & :eelwright %ops4 ,ne>ly ?ree ye>s ago1 ?ree ( our graduates1 "u ! lead]%ip ( "o ( our tea*]s1 ,mr4 ,j4 ,n4 ,call[ay1 w5t to ,africa "u ! auspices ( ! ,g]man gov]nm5t1 to introduce cotton-rais+ among ! natives4 ,at ! end ( ! second ye> ! ,g]man (ficials 7 s pleas$ t !y employ$ ?ree o!r /ud5ts4 ,at ! end ( ! f\r? ye> ! exp]im5t 0 successful to ! ext5t t a hundr$ bales ( cotton h be5 %ipp$ f ! colony ( ,togo1 ,africa1 to ,b]l94 ,only a few mon?s ago ! ,g]man (ficials 7 k9d en\gh to s5d me sev]al pairs ( hose made f cotton rais$ by our /ud5ts4 ,s9ce beg9n+ ?is exp]im5t1 we h receiv$ applications f bo? ,engli% & ,belgian cotton-rais+ companies t wi% to secure ,tuskegee m5 to introduce cotton-rais+ 9 _! ,african possessions4 ,! ,porto ,rican ,gov]nm5t makes an annual appropriation = ! purpose ( ma9ta9+ eighte5 /ud5ts at ,tuskegee 9 ord] t !y may le>n our me?ods4 ,! ,haytian ,gov]nm5t has rec5tly arrang$ to s5d a numb] ( "y m5 "h1 ma9ly ) ! view ( _! be+ tra9$ 9 f>m+4 ,besides1 we h /ud5ts pres5t f ! ,we/ ,indies1 ,africa1 & sev]al ,s\? ,am]ican c\ntries4 ,:ile speak+ ( ! ,tuskegee mission>y _s1 x is int]e/+ to note ! effect t ! indu/rial tra9+ giv5 by our graduates has _h ^u ! morals & mann] ( liv+ among ! natives ( ,africa 9 ,togol&4 ,mission>ies h be5 work+ among ^! p = _m ye>s1 & v effectively1 & yet tra9+ 9 c>p5try & cotton-rais+ _h results t ! academic & religi\s tea*+ _h n accompli%$4 ,:5 ! natives are taught ! ,bible1 & ! he>t & ! head are educat$1 ! t5d5cy is = !m to become tea*]s or trad]s4 ,9 ! latt] case1 _! le>n+ br+s !m too frequ5tly into contact ) unscrupul\s ,european trad]s f :om !y acquire habits ( gambl+1 *eat+1 dr9k+1 etc4 ,9 addition to ?is1 :5 !y beg9 m]*&is+1 ! natives f9d t x is to _! advantage to h m ?an "o wife1 s9ce _! wives are able to help !m 9 sell+ 9 ! m>kets & ?r\gh ! c\ntry di/ricts4 ,! "y p :o w5t to ,africa f ,tuskegee f\nd t ?is problem greatly p]plex$ ! mission>ies1 b :]ev] ^! natives 7 giv5 "w on ! plantations1 & employ$ _! muscles z well z _! bra9s1 a *ange = ! bett] 0 soon app>5t4 ,x is usually true t :5 a native is kept employ$ 9 "o place1 he w beg9 to build a home1 consi/+ ( a numb] ( huts2 he w cle> a f>m or plantation1 & /ock x ) cattle1 %eep1 pigs & f[ls4 ,he w plant vegetables1 corn1 cassava1 yams1 etc4 ,?is happ5$ among ! ,africans :o 7 employ$ on ! plantations cultivat$ by our graduates4 ,! wives & *ildr5 ( ^! lab\r]s 7 giv5 "w on ! f>ms1 & x has be5 f\nd t few ( !m gamble1 /eal & *eat1 z d ^? :o w&] to & fro )\t employm5t4 ,su* natives z ^! cotton-gr[]s are m easily rea*$ by mission>y ef=t1 & :5 !y are conv]t$ to ! ,*ri/ian religion1 if !y rema9 on ! f>ms1 !y seldom fall back into paganism4 ,i h be5 in=m$ t x is a g5]al op9ion among ! mission>ies 9 ,togol& t indu/rial education w be a ma9-/ay 9 future ef=t1 & t su* tea*+ w be introduc$ 9 ! mission>y in/itutions z rapidly z possible4 ,s9ce ! "y m5 w5t out f ,tuskegee1 a decid$ *ange has be5 notic$ 9 ! sanitation & mode ( liv+ 9 ! t[ns ne> :i* !y are locat$4 ,mu* ( ?is bett]m5t has be5 ! direct result ( ! lessons le>n$ by ! natives f see+ our c>p5t] build h\ses1 & obs]v+ our graduates' habits ( life4 ,! natives seem$ anxi\s to le>n1 & ! ,tuskegee colony receiv$ _m applications f ! wom5 to h _! daught]s come & live ) ! ,am]ican wom5 9 ord] t !y might le>n ! new cu/oms1 especially ! art ( sew+1 cook+1 & do+ h\sework4 ,few ( ! huts _h %utt]s or doors :5 our graduates fir/ w5t to ! colony--b$/eads 7 unkn[n2 b n[ _m ( ! huts h outside %utt]s1 & _! inmates h le>n$ h[ to con/ruct com=table b$s = !mselves4 ,_m :o =m]ly ba!d 9 /reams n[ h ba?-h\ses back ( _! huts4 ,on ,sunday1 all "w on ! plantations ( ! ,tuskegee p>ty 0 susp5d$1 except c>+ = ! /ock & o!r necess>y duties1 & ?is1 too1 _h its effect on ! natives1 :o 7 incl9$ to accept our religi\s obs]vance ( ! day4 ,_m n[ dress 9 holiday attire on ,sunday1 & g to ! ne>e/ mission4 ,! ,tuskegee p>ty settl$ ab\t sixty miles f ! coa/1 :]e no wagons or c>ts 7 us$ = convey+ produce or mat]ial4 ,! native m5 & wom5 c>ri$ all freight 9 sixty-p\nd loads on _! heads1 & 7 able to travel fifte5 to tw5ty miles a day4 ,on ^! r\nd trips ( t5 days1 ! wom5 c>ri$ _! small *ildr5 ) !m1 & dur+ _! frequ5t halts came into contact ) ! r\gh & demoralis+ elem5t ( ! trad+-po/1 & ) o!r degrad+ influ5ces4 ,?is mode ( transportation seem$ v unsatisfactory to ! ,tuskegee "y m51 :o introduc$ c>ts & wagons drawn by m54 ,?is all[$ ! wom5 & *ildr5 to rema9 at home & look aft] ! f>ms & _! h\sehold duties1 :ile ! m5 made ! trips to ! coa/4 ,"y girls1 j gr[+ into womanhood1 are no long] compell$ to meet ! _m bad influ5ces =m]ly enc\nt]$ on ! trips to ! coa/4 ,! use ( f>m ma*9]y 9 ! colony has reliev$ ! wom5 & girls ( mu* drudg]y4 ,!y us$ to prep>e ! l& ) ! crude/ hoes & pl[s4 ,?is is n[ done ) improv$ ,am]ican implem5ts4 ,! ,g]mans h be5 s /rongly impress$ ) ^! effects ( indu/rial tra9+ ^u ! natives1 t !y h decid$ to introduce into all ! s*ools ( t colony a sy/em = ! tra9+ ( boys 9 h& "w4 ,) ! assi/ance ( ! *iefs1 improv$ me?ods ( agriculture & h&icraft w be spread among ! tribes ( t region4 ,i d n wi% my read]s to get ! impression t all ( ,tuskegee's m5 & wom5 h succe$$1 because !y h n4 ,a few h fail$ mis]ably1 mu* to our regret1 b ! p]c5tage ( failures is s small t !y are m ?an ov]%ad[$ by ^? :o h be51 9 ! fulle/ s5se ( ! ^w1 successful4 ,despite all t ,i h said1 ! "w has m]ely begun4 ,i believe we h f\nd ! way4 ,our endeav\r w be to cont9ue to pursue x fai?fully1 actively1 bravely1 hone/ly4 ,) suffici5t means1 su* "w z ,i h indicat$ c\ld be greatly increas$4 ,,*apt] ,,xix ,,negro ,,education ,,n ,a ,,failure ,sev]al p]sons hold+ high (ficial position h said rec5tly t x does n pay1 f any po9t ( view1 to educate ! ,negro2 & t all attempts at 8 education h s f> fail$ to accompli% any good results4 ,! ,s\!rn ,/ates1 :i* out ( _! pov]ty are contribut+ r lib]ally = ! education ( all ! p1 z does individual & organis$ philan?ropy ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry1 h a "r to "k :e!r ! ,negro is respond+ to ! ef=ts !y h made to place him ^u a high] plane ( civilisation4 ,w x pay to inve/ fur!r money 9 ?is direction8 ,9 seek+ to answ] ?is "q1 x is h>dly fair to comp>e ! progress ( ! ,am]ican ,negro ) t ( ! ,am]ican :ite man1 :o1 9 "s unexpla9$ way1 got ?\s& ( ye>s ahead ( ! ,negro 9 ! arts & sci5ces ( civilisation4 ,b to get at ! real facts & ! real capability ( ! black man1 comp>e = a mom5t ! ,am]ican ,negro ) ! ,negro 9 ,africa1 or ! black man ) ! black man4 ,9 ,s\? ,africa alone !re are five million black p :o h nev] be5 br\ght1 ?r\gh s*ool or o!r ag5cies1 into contact ) a high] civilisation 9 a way to h _! m9ds or _! ambitions /r5g!n$ or awak5$4 ,z a result1 ! indu/ries ( ,s\? ,africa langui% & refuse to prosp] = lack ( lab\r4 ,! native black man refuses to lab\r because he has be5 neglect$4 ,he has few wants & little ambition1 & ^! c be satisfi$ by lab\r+ "o or two days out ( ! sev54 ,9 ! s\!rn "p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates !re are m ?an eight millions ( my race :o1 bo? by contact ) ! :ites & by education 9 ! home1 9 s*ool1 9 *ur*1 h _h _! m9ds awak5$ & /r5g!n$--h ?us _h _! wants increas$ & multipli$ _m times4 ,h5ce1 in/ead ( a p 9 idl5ess1 we h 9 ! ,s\? a p :o are anxi\s to "w because !y want education = _! *ildr52 !y want l& & h\ses1 & *ur*es1 books1 & pap]s4 ,9 a ^w1 !y want ! highe/ & be/ 9 our civilisation4 ,look$ at1 !n1 f ! mo/ mat]ial & selfi% po9t ( view1 x has paid to awak5 ! ,negro's m9d1 & !re %\ld be no limit plac$ ^u ! developm5t ( t m9d4 ,does ! ,am]ican ,negro take advantage ( opportunities to secure education8 ,practically no s*oolh\se has be5 op5$ = ! ,negro s9ce ! w> t has n be5 fill$4 ,(t5 hungry & 9 rags1 mak+ h]oic sacrifices1 ! ,negro y\? has be5 det]m9$ to annihilate 8 m5tal d>kness4 ,) all 8 disadvantages1 ! ,negro1 accord+ to (ficial records1 has blott$ out #ee4e p] c5t4 ( 8 illit]acy s9ce he became a free man1 :ile practically #ie p] c5t4 ( ! native ,africans are illit]ate4 ,aft] ye>s ( civilisation & opportunity1 9 ,spa91 #fh p] c5t4 ( ! population are illit]ate2 9 ,italy1 #ch p] c5t4 ,9 ! av]age ,s\? ,am]ican c\ntry ab\t #hj p] c5t4 are illit]ate1 :ile aft] =ty ye>s ! ,am]ican ,negro has only #dd4e p] c5t4 ( illit]acy to 8 debit4 ,i h ?us comp>$ ! progress ( my race1 n ) ! highe/ civilis$ nations1 = ! reason t1 9 pass+ judgm5t ^u u1 ! _w too (t5 =gets t1 ei!r consci\sly or o!rwise1 because ( geographical or physical proximity to ! ,am]ican :ite man1 we are be+ comp>$ ) ! v highe/ civilisation t exi/s4 ,b :5 comp>$ ) ! mo/ advanc$ & enlight5$ :ite p ( ! ,s\?1 we f9d #ab p] c5t4 ( illit]acy = !m & only #dd p] c5t4 = our race4 ,hav+ se5 t ! ,am]ican ,negro takes advantage ( e opportunity to secure an education1 ,i ?9k x w surprise "s to le>n to :at an ext5t ! race contributes t[>d its own education & works 9 sympa!tic t\* ) ! :ites at ! ,s\?4 ,9 emphasis+ ?is fact1 ,i use ! te/imony ( ! be/ ,s\!rn :ite m54 ,says ! ,/ate ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,education ( ,florida 9 "o ( 8 rec5t (ficial reports3 ,! foll[+ figures are giv5 to %[ t ! education ( ! ,negroes ( ,middle ,florida 7! ,black ,belt ( ,florida7 does n co/ ! :ite p ( t section "o c5t4 ,9 ^? eight ,black ,belt c\nties1 ! total co/ ( ! ,negro s*ools is #ai1deg4 ,! total contribut$ by ! ,negro 9 direct & indirect taxes am\nt$ to #bc1ihd1 ?us leav+ a diff]5ce ( #d1ebg1 :i*1 accord+ to ! ,sup]9t5d5t1 w5t into ! :ite s*ools4 ,9 ,mississippi1 = ! ye> end+ 9 #ahii1 accord+ to an em95t au?ority1 ! ,negroes _h exp5d$ on _! s*ools ab\t #bj p] c5t4 ( ! total s*ool fund1 or a total ( ab\t #bej1jjj4 ,dur+ ! same ye> !y paid t[>d _! own education1 9 poll taxes1 ,/ate1 c\nty & city taxes1 & indirect taxes1 ab\t #bhj1jjj1 or a surplus ( ab\t #cj1jjj4 ,s t1 look$ at f any po9t ( view1 x w\ld seem t ! ,negroes 9 t ,/ate are 9 a l>ge measure pay+ = _! own education4 ,illu/ration3 ,,typesett+--,,pr9t+ ,,(fice ,b ) all ! ,negro is do+ = himself1 ) all ! :ite p 9 ! ,s\? are do+ = !mselves1 & despite all t "o race is do+ to help ! o!r1 ! pres5t opportunities = education are woefully inadequate = bo? races4 ,9 ! ye> #ahgg-gh ! total exp5diture = education 9 ! ex-slave ,/ates 0 a begg>ly #b4fa p] capita = :ites & only #a4ji = blacks2 on ! same basis ! ,u4 ,s4 ,commission] ( ,education calculates t = ! ye> #aijj-ja1 #ce1djj1jjj 0 sp5t = ! education ( bo? races 9 ! ,s\?1 ( :i* #f1jjj1jjj w5t to ,negroes1 or #d4ib p] capita = :ites & #b4ba = blacks4 ,on ! same basis1 ea* *ild 9 ,massa*usetts co/s ! taxpay]s = its education #bb4ce1 & ea* "o 9 ,new ,york #bj4ec ye>ly4 ,f bo? a moral & religi\s po9t ( view1 :at measure ( education ! ,negro has receiv$ has be5 repaid1 & !re has be5 no /ep backw>d 9 any ,/ate4 ,n a s+le graduate ( ! ,hampton ,in/itute or ( ! ,tuskegee ,in/itute c be f\nd to-day 9 any jail or ,/ate p5it5ti>y4 ,aft] mak+ c>eful inquiry1 ,i _c f9d a half-doz5 cases ( a man or woman :o has complet$ a full c\rse ( education 9 any ( our reputable in/itutions l ,hampton1 ,tuskegee1 ,fisk or ,atlanta1 :o are 9 prisons4 ,! records ( ! ,s\? %[ t #ij p] c5t4 ( ! col\r$ p 9 prisons are )\t k ( trades1 & #fa p] c5t4 are illit]ate4 ,?is /atem5t alone disproves ! ass]tion t ! ,negro gr[s 9 crime z education increases4 ,if ! ,negro at ! ,nor? is m crim9al ?an 8 bro!r at ! ,s\?1 x is because ( ! employm5t :i* ! ,s\? gives him & ! ,nor? d5ies him4 ,x is n ! educat$ ,negro :o has be5 guilty ( or ev5 *>g$ ) crime 9 ! ,s\?2 x is1 z a rule1 ! "o :o has a m]e smatt]+ ( education or is 9 total ignorance4 ,:ile ! ,negro may succe$ 9 gett+ into ! ,/ate prison fa/]1 ! :ite man 9 "s inexpla9able mann] has a way ( gett+ out fa/] ?an ! ,negro4 ,to illu/rate3 ! (ficial records ( ,virg9ia = a ye> %[ t "o out ( e ?ree & "o-half :ite m5 7 fre$ f prison by executive clem5cy1 & t only "o out ( e f\rte5 ,negroes receiv$ su* clem5cy4 ,9 ,l\isiana x is "o to e f\r & "o-half :ite m5 & "o to e =ty-n9e ,negroes4 ,s t1 :5 ?is feature is consid]$1 matt]s are pretty well ev5$ up betwe5 ! races4 ,z be>+ fur!r ^u ! t5d5cy ( education to improve ! morals ( ! ,negro & !re=e to prolong 8 life1 no "o w accuse ! av]age ,new ,york insurance company ( be+ guid$ by m]e s5tim5t t[>d ! ,negro 9 plac+ its risks2 ) ! insurance company x is a "q ( cold bus9ess4 ,a few mon?s ago ! *ief m$ical exam9] = ! l>ge/ indu/rial insurance company 9 ,am]ica /at$ t1 aft] tw5ty ye>s' exp]i5ce & obs]vation1 8 company _h f\nd t ! ,negro :o 0 intellig5t1 :o work$ regul>ly at a trade or "s indu/ry & own$ 8 home1 0 z safe an insurance risk z a :ite man 9 ! same /ation ( life4 ,n long ago1 a ,s\!rn :ite man resid+ 9 ! t[n ( ,tuskegee1 :o repres5ts "o ( ! l>ge/ & mo/ weal?y accid5t & casualty companies 9 ,new ,york1 wrote to 8 company to ! effect t :ile he knew 8 company refus$ to insure ! ord9>y1 ignorant col\r$ man1 at ! ,tuskegee ,in/itute !re 7 "s #aej (fic]s & in/ructors :o 7 p]sons ( education & skill1 ) prop]ty & "*1 & t he1 a ,s\!rn :ite man1 advis$ t !y be insur$ on ! same t]ms z o!r races1 & )9 a week ! answ] came back1 ,insure )\t hesitation e ,negro on ! ,tuskegee ,in/itute gr\nds ( ! type y "n4 ,! fact is1 t almo/ e insurance company is n[ seek+ ! bus9ess ( ! educat$ ,negro4 ,if education increas$ ! risk1 !y w\ld seek ! ignorant ,negro r ?an ! educat$ "o4 ,z be>+ fur!r ^u ! effect ( education ^u ! morals ( ! ,negro dur+ ! la/ =ty ye>s1 let u g into ! he>t ( ! ,black ,belt ( ,mississippi & inquire ( ,alfr$ ,holt ,/one1 a l>ge & intellig5t cotton plant]1 z to ! progress ( ! race4 ,mr4 ,/one says3 ,! la/ c5sus %[s t ! ,negro con/itutes #hg4f p] c5t4 ( ! population ( ! ,yazoo-,mississippi delta4 ,yet we he> ( no black incubus2 we h _h few midnight assass9ations1 & few] lyn*+s4 ,! violation by a ,negro ( ! p]son ( a :ite woman is ) u an unkn[n crime2 n[h]e else is ! l9e m>k+ ! social sep>ation ( ! two races m rigidly drawn2 n[h]e are ! relations betwe5 ! two m k9dly4 ,) u1 race riots are unkn[n1 & we h b "o ,negro problem--?\gh t con/antly confronts u--h[ to secure m ,negroes4 ,!re are few high] au?orities on ! progress ( ! ,negro ?an ,joel ,*&l] ,h>ris1 ( ! ,atlanta ,con/itution4 ,mr4 ,h>ris _h opportunity to "k ! ,negro be=e ! w>1 & he has foll[$ 8 progress closely 9 fre$om4 ,9 a /atem5t publi%$ rec5tly ,mr4 ,h>ris says3 ,9 spite ( all1 h[ev]1 ! condition ( ! ,negro has be5 gr[+ bett]4444 ,we _c fairly judge a race1 or a c\ntry1 or a religi\s in/itution1 or a social organisation1 or society itself1 nay1 n ! republic 9 :i* we take pride1 unless we measure x by ! /&>d set up by ! m5 :o are its be/ repres5tatives4 ,we are 9 su* a furi\s hurry4 ,we are plac$ 9 a position ( expect+ a race b a few ye>s f inevitable ignorance impos$ on x by ! conditions ( slav]y to make ! mo/ rem>kable progress t ! _w has ev] he>d (1 & :5 we discov] t 9 ! nature ( ?+s ?is is impossible1 we %ake our heads sadly & are ready to lose he>t & hope4 ,! po9t ,i desire to make is t ! ov]:elm+ majority ( ! ,negroes 9 all p>ts ( ! ,s\?1 especially 9 ! agricultural regions1 are lead+ sob] & indu/ri\s lives4 ,a temp]ate race is b\nd to be indu/ri\s1 & ! ,negroes are temp]ate :5 comp>$ ) ! :ites4 ,ev5 9 ! t[ns ! majority ( !m are sob] & indu/ri\s4 ,! idle & crim9al classes among !m make a great %[ 9 ! police c\rt records1 b "r "h 9 ,atlanta ! respectable & dec5t ,negroes f> outnumb] ^? :o are on ! li/s ( ! police z old or new (f5d]s4 ,i am b\nd to conclude f :at ,i see all ab\t me1 & f :at ,i "k ( ! race else:]e1 t ! ,negro1 not)/&+ ! late />t he has made 9 civilisation & enlight5m5t1 is capable ( mak+ himself a useful memb] 9 ! communities 9 :i* he lives & moves1 & t he is becom+ m & m desir\s ( con=m+ to all ! laws t h be5 enact$ = ! protection ( society4 ,"s "t ago ,i s5t out lett]s to repres5tative ,s\!rn m51 cov]+ ea* ex-slave /ate1 ask+ !m1 judg+ by _! obs]vation 9 _! own communities1 :at effect education _h ^u ! ,negro4 ,to ^? que/ions ,i receiv$ #acf replies z foll[s3 #a4 ,has education made ! ,negro a m useful citiz58 ,answ]s3 ,yes1 #aba2 no1 #d2 unansw]$1 #aa4 #b4 ,has x made him m economical & m incl9$ to acquire weal?8 ,answ]s3 ,yes1 #ih2 no1 #ad2 unansw]$1 #bd4 #c4 ,does x make him a m valuable workman1 especially :]e skill & ?\ght are requir$8 ,answ]s3 ,yes1 #acb2 no1 #b2 unansw]$1 #b4 #d4 ,d well-tra9$1 skill$ ,negro workm5 f9d any difficulty 9 secur+ "w 9 y\r community8 ,answ]s3 ,no1 #aag2 yes1 #d2 unansw]$1 #ae4 #e4 ,are col\r$ m5 9 bus9ess patronis$ by ! :ites 9 y\r community8 ,answ]s3 ,yes1 #ib2 no1 #i2 unansw]$1 #ce4 7,! l>ge numb] ( cases 9 :i* ?is "q 0 n answ]$ is due to sc>city ( bus9ess m547 #f4 ,is !re any opposition to ! col\r$ p's buy+ l& 9 y\r community8 ,answ]s3 ,no1 #abh2 yes1 #c2 unansw]$1 #e4 #g4 ,has education improv$ ! morals ( ! black race8 ,answ]s3 ,yes1 #ig2 no1 #bj2 unansw]$1 #ai4 #h4 ,has x made 8 religion less emotional & m practical8 ,answ]s3 ,yes1 #aja2 no1 #af2 unansw]$1 #ai4 #i4 ,is x1 z a rule1 ! ignorant or ! educat$ :o commit crime8 ,answ]s3 ,ignorant1 #aae2 educat$1 #c2 unansw]$1 #ag4 #aj4 ,does crime gr[ less z education increases among ! col\r$ p8 ,answ]s3 ,yes1 #ajb2 no1 #ai2 unansw]$1 #ae4 #aa4 ,is ! moral gr[? ( ! ,negro equal to 8 m5tal gr[?8 ,answ]s3 ,yes1 #ee2 no1 #df2 unansw]$1 #ce4 ,b x has be5 said t ! ,negro proves economically valueless 9 proportion z he is educat$4 ,all w agree t ! ,negro 9 ,virg9ia1 = example1 began life =ty ye>s ago 9 complete pov]ty1 sc>cely own+ clo?+ or a day's food4 ,f an economic po9t ( view1 :at has be5 accompli%$ = ,virg9ia alone l>gely ?r\gh ! example & "w ( ! graduates ( ,hampton & o!r l>ge s*ools 9 t /ate8 ,! reports ( ! ,/ate ,auditor %[ t ! ,negro to-day owns at lea/ "o tw5ty-six? ( ! total real e/ate 9 t commonweal? exclusive ( 8 hold+s 9 t[ns & cities1 & t 9 ! c\nties ea/ ( ! ,blue ,ridge ,m\nta9s he owns "o-sixte5?4 ,9 ,middlesex ,c\nty he owns "o-six?2 9 ,hanov] "o-f\r?4 ,9 ,georgia1 ! (ficial records %[ t1 l>gely ?r\gh ! influ5ce ( educat$ m5 & wom5 f ,atlanta s*ools & o!rs1 ! ,negroes add$ la/ ye> #a1ebf1jjj to _! taxable prop]ty1 mak+ ! total am\nt ^u :i* !y pay taxes 9 t ,/ate alone #af1gjj1jjj4 ,f no?+ to #af1jjj1jjj 9 "o ,/ate 9 =ty ye>s does n seem to prove t education is hurt+ ! race4 ,relative progress has be5 made 9 ,alabama & o!r ,s\!rn ,/ates4 ,e man or woman :o graduates f ! ,hampton or ,tuskegee ,in/itutes1 :o has become intellig5t & skill$ 9 any "o ( ! indu/ries ( ! ,s\?1 is n only 9 dem& at an increas$ sal>y on ! "p ( my race1 b !re is equal dem& f ! :ite race4 ,"o ( ! l>ge/ manufactur+ conc]ns 9 ,birm+ham1 ,alabama1 keeps a /&+ ord] at ! ,tuskegee ,in/itute to ! effect t x w employ e man :o graduates f our f\ndry dep>tm5t4 ,:5 ! ,s\? _h a :olly ignorant & :olly slave ,negro population1 %e produc$ ab\t #d1jjj1jjj bales ( cotton2 n[ %e has a :olly free & p>tly educat$ ,negro population1 & ! ,s\? produces ne>ly #aj1jjj1jjj bales ( cotton1 besides m food products ?an 7 ev] gr[n 9 its hi/ory4 ,x %\ld n be ov]look$ t x is n ! ,negro alone :o produces cotton1 b x is 8 lab\r t produces mo/ ( x4 ,& :ile he may pay a small direct tax1 8 lab\r makes x v conv5i5t = o!rs to pay direct taxes4 ,judg$ purely f an economic or indu/rial /&po9t1 ! education ( ! ,negro is pay+1 & w pay m l>gely 9 ! future 9 proportion z educational opportunities are increas$4 ,a c>eful exam9ation %[s t1 ( ! m5 & wom5 tra9$ at ! ,hampton & ,tuskegee s*ools1 n t5 p] c5t4 c be f\nd 9 idl5ess at any season ( ! ye>4 ,ye>s ago "s "o ask$ an em95t cl]gyman 9 ,bo/on if ,*ri/ianity is a failure4 ,! ,rev]5d doctor repli$ t x _h nev] be5 tri$4 ,:5 p are bold en\gh to sugge/ t ! education ( ! ,negro is a failure1 ,i reply t x has nev] be5 tri$4 ,! fact is t #dd4e p] c5t4 ( ! col\r$ p ( ?is c\ntry to-day are illit]ate4 ,a v l>ge proportion ( ^? class$ z educat$ h ! m]e/ smatt]+ ( k1 :i* means practically no education4 ,c ! ,negro *ild get an education 9 s*ool f\r mon?s & out ( s*ool eight mon?s8 ,c ! :ite *ild ( ! ,s\? :o receives #d4ib p] capita = education1 or ! black *ild :o receives #b4ba1 be said to be giv5 an equal *ance 9 ! battle ( life1 or has education be5 tri$ on !m8 ,! (ficial records 9 ,l\isiana1 = in/ance1 %[ t less ?an "o-f\r? ( ! ,negro *ildr5 ( s*ool age att5d any s*ool dur+ ! ye>4 ,?is "o-f\r? 0 9 s*ool = a p]iod ( less ?an five mon?s1 & ea* ,negro *ild ( s*ool age 9 ! ,/ate _h sp5t on him = education la/ ye> b #a4hi1 :ile ea* *ild ( s*ool age 9 ! ,/ate ( ,new ,york _h sp5t on him #bj4ec4 ,9 ! =m] slave ,/ates n9ety p] c5t4 ( ! ,negro *ildr5 ( s*ool age did n att5d s*ool = six mon?s dur+ ! ye> #aijj4 ,:]ev] ! race is giv5 an opportunity = education1 x takes advantage ( t opportunity1 & ! *ange c be se5 9 ! improv$ mat]ial1 educational1 moral & religi\s condition ( ! masses4 ,contra/ two t[n%ips1 "o 9 ,l\isiana1 :]e ! race has _h little *ance1 ) "o 9 ,f>mville1 ,virg9ia1 by means ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,bullet9 ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,lab\r4 ,9 ! ,l\isiana t[n%ip only #aj p] c5t4 att5d s*ool1 & !y att5d = b f\r mon?s 9 a ye>1 & #ga p] c5t4 ( ! p are illit]ate4 ,& z a result ( ?is ignorance & neglect1 we f9d t only #ej p] c5t4 ( ! p liv+ toge!r z man & wife are legally m>ri$4 ,l>gely ?r\gh ! lead]%ip ( ,hampton graduates1 #ef p] c5t4 ( ! black *ildr5 9 ,f>mville1 ,virg9ia1 att5d ei!r public or private s*ool f six to eight mon?s4 ,!re is only #ci p] c5t4 ( illit]acy4 ,practically all ! p liv+ toge!r z man & wife are legally m>ri$1 & 9 ! :ole community only #ae p] c5t4 ( ! bir?s are illegitimate4 ,b ! vital po9t :i* ,i want to emphasise is ! disposition ( ! ,negro to ex]cise self-help 9 ! build+ up ( 8 own s*ools 9 connection ) ! ,/ate public s*ool sy/em4 ,:]ev] we s5d out f ,tuskegee1 or any ( our ,s\!rn colleges1 a ,negro lead] ( prop] "*1 he %[s ! p 9 mo/ cases h[ to ext5d ! s*ool t]m beyond ! few mon?s provid$ = by ! ,/ate4 ,out ( _! pov]ty ! ,s\!rn ,/ates are mak+ a trem5d\s ef=t to ext5d & improve ! s*ool t]m ea* ye>1 b :ile ?is improvem5t is tak+ place1 ! ,negro lead]s ( ! "* to :i* ,i h ref]r$ mu/ be dep5d$ ^u l>gely to keep alive ! sp>k ( education4 ,illu/ration3 ,c\rtesy ( ,! ,h5d]son ,li?ograph+ ,co41 ,c9c9nati1 ,o4 ,,bird',s-,,eye ,,view ,,( ,,gr\nds ,,& ,,build+s ,,( ,,tuskegee ,,normal ,,& ,,indu/rial ,,in/itute ,,tuskegee1 ,,alabama ,x n[ seems settl$ t ! great body ( our p are to reside = all "t 9 ! ,s\!rn portion ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,s9ce ?is is true1 !re is no m helpful & patriotic s]vice ?an to help cem5t a fri5d%ip betwe5 ! two races t %all be manly1 hon\rable1 & p]man5t4 ,9 ?is "w ( m\ld+ & guid+ a public s5tim5t t %all =ev] ma9ta9 peace & good-w betwe5 ! races on t]ms comm5dable to ea*1 x is on ! ,negro :o comes out ( our univ]sities1 colleges1 & indu/rial s*ools t we mu/ l>gely dep5d4 ,few p realise h[1 "u ! mo/ difficult & try+ circum/ances1 dur+ ! la/ =ty ye>s1 x has be5 ! educat$ ,negro :o c\nsell$ pati5ce & self-control & ?us av]t$ a w> ( races4 ,e ,negro go+ out f our in/itutions prop]ly educat$ becomes a l9k 9 ! *a9 t %all =ev] b9d ! two races toge!r 9 all ! ess5tials ( life4 ,f9ally1 r$uc$ to its la/ analysis1 !re are b two que/ions t con/itute ! problem ( ?is c\ntry s f> z ! black & :ite races are conc]n$4 ,! answ] to ! "o re/s ) my p1 ! o!r ) ! :ite race4 ,= my race1 "o ( its dang]s is t x may gr[ impati5t & feel t x c get ^u its feet by artificial & sup]ficial ef=ts r ?an by ! sl[] b sur] process :i* means "o /ep at a "t ?r\gh all ! con/ructive grades ( indu/rial1 m5tal1 moral1 & social developm5t :i* all races h _h to foll[ t h become indep5d5t & /rong4 ,i w\ld c\nsel3 ,we mu/ be sure t we %all make our greate/ progress by keep+ our feet on ! e>?1 & by rememb]+ t an in* ( progress is wor? a y>d ( compla9t4 ,= ! :ite race1 ! dang] is t 9 its prosp]ity & p[] x may =get ! claims ( a weak] p2 may =get t a /rong race1 l an individual1 %\ld put its h& ^u its he>t & ask1 if x 7 plac$ 9 simil> circum/ances1 h[ x w\ld l ! _w to treat x2 t ! /rong] race may =get t1 9 proportion z x lifts up ! poore/ & weake/1 ev5 by a hair's bread?1 x /r5g!ns & ennobles itself4 ,all ! ,negro race asks is t ! door :i* rew>ds indu/ry1 ?rift1 intellig5ce1 & "* be left z wide op5 = him z = ! =eign] :o con/antly comes to our c\ntry4 ,m ?an ?is1 he has no "r to reque/4 ,less ?an ?is1 a ,republic has no "r to v\*safe4