,transcrib$ f ! #ahgc ,au/9 & ,co4 edition by ,david ,price4 ,,*ri/ianity ,,9 ,,relation ,,to ,,free?\ght1 ,,scepticism1 ,,& ,,fai?3 ,,?ree ,,disc\rses ,,by ,,! ,,bi%op ,,( ,,pet]bor\gh4 ,,) ,,special ,,replies ,,by ,,mr4 ,,*>les ,,bradlaugh4 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,,london3 ,,au/9 ,,co41 #ag1 ,,johnson',s ,,c\rt1 ,,fleet ,,/reet1 ,e4,c4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,price ,,"o ,,%ill+4 ,,adv]tisem5t4 ,,x w be se5 by ! foll[+ ,circul> & ,correspond5ce h[ ! ,disc\rses ( ! ,bi%op ( ,pet]bor\gh & ,mr4 ,bradlaugh's ,replies !reto 7 br\ght ab\t4 ,! ,dean's ,circul> speaks ( f\r ,disc\rses to be deliv]$ by ! ,bi%op1 b 9 fact only ! ?ree "h report$ 7 giv54 ,?is volume1 !re=e1 conta9s ! :ole ( bo? sides ( ! "q1 s f> z ! discussion has hi!rto proce$$ 9 ,norwi*4 ,! spee*es 7 all tak5 d[n by a compet5t %or?& report]1 specially engag$ = ! ,national ,re=m]4 ,! read] w cle>ly see by ! ,correspond5ce t ! ,*ri/ians refus$ ! proposal ( ! ,secul>i/s t ! two p>ties %\ld co-op]ate 9 publi%+ toge!r & circulat+ z widely z possible ! ,disc\rses & ,replies4 ,mr4 ,bradlaugh has !re=e tak5 ^u himself ! responsibility ( _! jo9t publication4 ,! extraord9>y reasons giv5 by ! ,dean 79 ! la/ p>agraph ( 8 lett] ( ,feb4 #ae?7 = refus+ ! p]fectly fair (f] ( ,mr4 ,coop]1 w n pass unnot$4 ,8 claim to c]ta9ty may diff] f ! claim to infallibility made on behalf ( ! ,pope & ! ,romi% ,*ur*1 & ! pr9ciple on :i* he condemns ! dissem9ation ( ,sceptical works z treason to human welf>e1 may diff] f t :i* 9 ,rome has l$ to ! e/abli%m5t ( ! ,index ,expurgatorius2 b we confess t 9 nei!r case c we see ! diff]5ce1 & we *all5ge ! ,dean to %[ t !re really is any4 ,we are confid5t t ,free?9k]s g5]ally w appreciate ! dis9t]e/$ zeal ( ,mr4 ,r4 ,a4 ,coop] 9 mak+ all arrangem5ts necess>y to ensure t ! ,bi%op's ,disc\rses %\ld be fitly answ]$ on ! spot & )\t delay4 ,,! ,,publi%]s4 ,april1 #ahga4 ,,circul> ,,( ,,! ,,dean ,,( ,,norwi*4 ,,sir1--,i am ab\t to ask y\r k9d help 9 an ent]prise und]tak5 = ! religi\s welf>e ( our fell[-citiz5s1 to ! success ( :i* y\r co-op]ation may v mat]ially contribute4 ,x has be5 ?\ght t 9 l>ge cities1 :]e sceptical views are (t5 s mu* dissem9at$1 & spread s widely among all classes1 good might be done1 "u ,god's bless+1 by an annual s]ies ( disc\rses f "s compet5t prea*]1 direct$ aga9/ mod]n =ms ( infidelity1 & aft]w>ds publi%$ & circulat$ at s l[ a price z %\ld put !m )9 ! rea* ( all4 ,x is *iefly ) ! view ( hold+ su* disc\rses !re1 t ! ,dean & ,*apt] h rec5tly caus$ ! ,nave ( ! ,ca!dral ,*ur* to be light$ & furni%$ ) *airs1 all ( :i* 7except1 a v few res]v$ = p]sons engag$ 9 ! s]vice1 or connect$ ) ! ,ca!dral7 w be p]fectly free4 ,) ! view ( giv+ ! prea*]s a l>g] discretion z to "t1 & ( mak+ ! :ole s]vice %ort]1 x is propos$ to use be=e ! s]mon ! ,litany only ) "o or two hymns4 ,i may add t ! :ole s*eme has ! ?or\gh sanction & concurr5ce ( ! ,"l ,bi%op ( ! ,diocese1 :o has be5 consult$ on e "p ( x4 ,! ,"l ,bi%op ( ,pet]bor\gh has k9dly und]tak5 to give ! fir/ s]ies ( disc\rses on ,tuesday1 ! #ba/1 ,tuesday1 ! #bh?1 ,w$nesday1 ! #bi?1 & ,?ursday1 ! #cj? ( ,m>*1 ! s]vice ea* ev5+ comm5c+ at #h p4m4 ,if y approve ( our s*eme 7& pray obs]ve t ! disc\rses1 hav+ = _! object ! v9dication & e/abli%m5t ( ! ,*ri/ian fai?1 w 9 all probability h>dly notice ! po9ts on :i* ,*ri/ians ( v>i\s ,communions diff]71 w y k9dly help u1 fir/1 by mak+ kn[n among y\r workpeople or p>i%ion]s ! days & h\rs ( ! s]vices1 ) ! "n ( ! prea*]1 & enc\rag+ !m to att5d2 secondly1 by circulat+ among !m ! disc\rses1 :5 publi%$1 ( :i* ,i %all be greatly pleas$ to s5d y z l>ge a numb] z y ?9k y c dispose (8 ,on ?is la/ po9t ,i %all be oblig$ by a communication f y4 ,! subject ( ! fir/ s]ies ( disc\rses w be 8,free ,?\ght40 ,i h ! hon\r to be1 ,sir1 y\r ob$i5t s]vant1 ,e4 ,,meyrick ,,g\lburn1 ,d4,d4 ,dean ( ,norwi*4 ,! ,dean]y1 ,norwi*1 ,febru>y #g?1 #ahga4 ,,correspond5ce4 ,norwi*1 ,feb4 #ac?1 #ahga4 ,,rev4 ,,sir1--,i receiv$ ) extreme pleasure y\r circul> lett] ( #g? in/41 relat+ to1 & def9+ ! objects ( ! ,disc\rses int5d$ to be deliv]$ next mon? 9 ! ,ca!dral1 by ! ,bi%op ( ,pet]bor\gh1 & ,i am induc$ to reply to x by ! conviction t great good may result f 8! s*eme10 if y c be induc$ to modify x 9 "s p>ticul>s4 ,! circul> /ates t ! ,disc\rses are to be 8direct$ aga9/ mod]n =ms ( infidelity10 & h = _! object ! 8v9dication & e/abli%m5t ( ! ,*ri/ian fai?10 b ,i assume y\r ultimate object is ! v9dication & e/abli%m5t ( tru?--no matt] :at ! tru? may be4 ,if my assumption be correct1 ,i he>tily sympa?ise ) y\r object1 & z a ,sceptic or ,infidel1 w co-op]ate ) my ,*ri/ian bre?r5 if p]mitt$4 ,may ,i call y\r att5tion to a practical difficulty 9 ! way ( ! s*eme1 :i* ,i fe> y h n suffici5tly consid]$8 ,9 ! pres5t /ate ( op9ion1 or r 9 ! abs5ce ( real op9ion1 on ^! subjects1 ,sceptics or ,infidels _c always insure ! att5tion ( ,*ri/ian he>]s1 or ( p]sons indiff]5t to ! subject ( _! disc\rses1 b ^! & n ! confirm$ ,infidels1 are ! p]sons ! zeal\s ,sceptic mo/ desires to rea*4 ,i imag9e y\r difficulty is ! same4 ,y want to get at ! mighty mass :o "k & c>e no?+ ab\t ^! que/ions1 & also at ! ,infidel ^: op9ions y deem s mis*iev\s4 ,! fact is1 ! great mass & ! ,infidel are n likely to att5d unless _! att5tion be 9 "s mann] especially drawn to ! ,disc\rses1 b y w probably h a l>ge congregation ( believ+ ,*ri/ians1 ^: fai? may be confirm$1 b yet :o d n hold op9ions y wi% to *ange4 ,i beg to sugge/ a mode by :i* ,i ?9k ! difficulty may be remov$1 & an int]e/ creat$ t w be useful to ! cause ( tru?--to ,*ri/ian tru?1 if ,*ri/ianity be true--b to tru?1 :e!r ,*ri/ianity be true or false4 ,i int5d to invite to ,norwi* "s p]son :o %all be well kn[n z a repres5tative expon5t 8( mod]n =ms ( ,infidelity10 & reque/ him to deliv] a c\rse ( lectures at ab\t ! same "t1 & on ! same subject z t *os5 by ! ,bi%op ( ,pet]bor\gh1 & if y ?9k x w\ld be useful to give ! public ! opportunity ( read+ z well z he>+ ! disc\rses1 bo? expositions ( ! subject might be publi%$ toge!r1 & m ext5sively circulat$ & read1 9 consequ5ce ( ! great] int]e/ t w\ld be ?us creat$4 ,i h always scrupul\sly ab/a9$ f do+ any?+ to influ5ce ! politics or religion ( p]sons 9 my employm5t1 b 9 accordance ) y\r wi%1 ,i w take c>e to in=m !m all ( ! ,disc\rses1 & also acqua9t !m ) ! high reputation :i* ! ,bi%op ( ,pet]bor\gh enjoys z a prea*]4 ,i %\ld be will+ to subscribe = #bjj copies ( ! jo9t publication1 :i* w enable me to pres5t "o to e man & boy 9 my employm5t1 :o is will+ to accept x1 & ! rema9d] ,i %all be happy to di/ribute accord+ to ! sugge/ion ( ! circul>4 ,i am1 ,rev4 ,sir1 y\r ob$i5t s]vant1 ,,rob]t ,a4 ,,coop]4 ,! ,v ,rev4 ,e4 ,m4 ,g\lburn1 ,dean ( ,norwi*4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,dean]y1 ,norwi*1 ,feb4 #ae?1 #ahga4 ,,sir1--,i beg to ackn[l$ge y\r lett] ( ! #ac? in/41 & to ?ank y = ! read9ess y express to circulate among p]sons 9 y\r employm5t1 ! ann\ncem5t ( ! ,bi%op ( ,pet]bor\gh's ,s]mons4 ,i regret t ,i _c meet ?is k9dness on y\r "p by assi/+ 9 any way 9 ! circulation ( tracts by a repres5tative expon5t 8( mod]n =ms ( infidelity10 & ,i w expla9 9 few words ! reason :y ,i mu/ decl9e ! jo9t publication sugge/$ by y\r lett]4 ,pr(ess+ y\rself 7z y d7 a 8,sceptic10 by :i* ,i conceive is meant 7accord+ to ! d]ivation ( ! ^w7 "o :o has d\bts z to religi\s tru?1 &1 !re=e1 is engag$ 9 an inquiry1 hav+ = its object ! resolution ( ^? d\bts & ! arrival at a conclusion2 x is 7"u y\r view ( ! subject7 p]fectly consi/5t & reasonable t y %\ld d all 9 y\r p[] to get bo? sides ( ! religi\s "q ably & fairly exp\nd$1 9 ord] to give y\rself & o!rs an opportunity ( =m+ a "r conclusion4 ,b my conclusion on ! mom5t\s "q has long s9ce be5 made up4 ,i am z firmly conv9c$ t ,*ri/ianity is ,god's own message to ! _w1 ! tru? & ! only tru?1 ! way1 & ! only way1 ( happ9ess & peace1 z t ! sun is n[ %9+ 9 ! heav5s4 ,i _c1 !re=e1 help reg>d+ any attempt to ?r[ d\bt or discr$it on ,*ri/ianity z a treason aga9/ ! highe/ well-be+ ( my fell[-creatures4 ,& y w see1 !re=e1 t 7"u my view7 ,i c\ld n prop]ly jo9 9 dissem9at+ publications1 :i*1 at ! v lea/1 w ins9uate a d\bt z to t reveal$ religion :i* ,i hold to be ! only means ( rais+ & sav+ our fall5 race4 ,i rema91 ,sir1 y\r ob$i5t s]vant1 ,e4 ,,meyrick ,,g\lburn4 ,mr4 ,rob]t ,a4 ,coop]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,norwi*1 ,feb4 #be?1 #ahga4 ,,rev4 ,,sir1--,i h to ackn[l$ge ! receipt ( y\rs ( ! #ae? in/4 7:i* came to h& on ! #bbnd71 & to regret t y c engage 9 ! circulation ( only "o side ( ! important "q y propose to exp\nd4 ,& ,i regret x = ^! reasons1 because by s re/rict+ y\r action1 y1 :ile attack+1 prev5t ! fair expression ( t =m ( ?\ght :i* y seek to de/roy1 & all[ ^? :o hold su* op9ions to %elt] !mselves1 if ne$ be1 "u ! assumption t y\r exposition ( ! case is n !irs4 ,&1 also1 because y\r expression ( ! unqualifi$ c]ta9ty ( y\r own conviction ( ! tru? ( ,*ri/ianity 7obta9$1 d\btless1 f a consid]ation ( all sides ( ! subject71 is op5 to ! objection t y fe> to tru/ ! imp>tial exam9ation ( ! evid5ce ( t tru? to ! m9ds ( o!rs1 & implies a lat5t1 ?\gh unconsci\s1 d\bt ( ! c]ta9ty ( ! pro( ( t tru? ( :i* y speak s positively4 ,i _c accept y\r description ( my position z a 8,sceptic or ,infidel10 b let t pass4 ,i am /ill dispos$ to subscribe = #bjj copies ( ! ,bi%op's s]mons1 & if y desire me to di/ribute m1 ,i h no d\bt ,i c dispose ( a consid]able numb]4 ,i am1 ,rev4 ,sir1 y\r ob$i5t s]vant1 ,,rob]t ,a4 ,,coop]4 ,! ,v ,rev4 ,e4 ,m4 ,g\lburn1 ,dean ( ,norwi*4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,dean]y1 ,norwi*1 ,feb4 #be?1 #ahga4 ,,sir1--,9 reply to y\r lett] ( to-day1 9 :i* y say1 8,i _c accept y\r description ( my position z a #8,sceptic or ,infidel1'0 ,i ha/5 to assure y t ,i %\ld nev] h presum$ to describe y\r position z su*1 _h ,i n imag9$ ,i _h y\r own au?ority = do+ s4 ,! words ( y\r lett] ( ! #ac? in/41 f :i* ,i drew ?is inf]5ce1 are3-- 8,if my assumption be correct1 ,i he>tily sympa?ise ) y\r object1 & z a ,sceptic or ,infidel1 w co-op]ate ) my ,*ri/ian bre?r5 if p]mitt$40 ,i am ?ankful & rejoic$ to f9d t my inf]5ce 0 an incorrect "o2 b ,i tru/ y w ackn[l$ge t !re 0 "s gr\nd 9 ! word+ ( ! s5t5ce = my mak+ x4 ,i %all be happy to reque/ y\r acceptance ( #bjj copies ( ! ,bi%op's ,disc\rses1 & am mu* oblig$ to y = y\r (f] ( circulat+ !m4 ,y\rs v fai?fully1 ,e4 ,m4 ,,g\lburn4 ,mr4 ,rob]t ,a4 ,coop]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,norwi*1 ,m>* #a/1 #ahga4 ,,rev4 ,,sir1--,i am sorry t 9 ! s5t5ce y ref] to1 ,i did n express my mean+ ) suffici5t cle>ness to be und]/ood2 ?\gh ,i am unable to see t x w be> ! con/ruction y put ^u x4 ,9 ! circul> lett]1 y speak ( ! preval5ce1 9 l>ge cities1 ( 8sceptical views10 & also ( 8mod]n =ms ( infidelity10 evid5tly us+ ! words 8sceptical0 & 8infidelity0 9 _! popul> & ord9>y1 & n 9 _! /rict1 grammatical s5se4 ,i say evid5tly1 because ! phrases 8sceptical views10 & 8mod]n infidelity0 appe> to be int5d$ z equival5t1 & ,i !re=e assume t y use !m 9 _! popul> s5se1 because if ,i am to suppose y use ! ^w 8sceptical0 9 its /rict etymological mean+1 ,i mu/ also t y d ! ^w 8infidelity10 & ,i am reluctant to ?9k t y w\ld1 9 speak+ ( ! op9ions ( p :o y mu/ "k are z s9c]e & hone/ z y\rself1 delib]ately & int5tionally d t4 ,by 8sceptical views0 & 8mod]n =ms ( infidelity10 ,i und]/ood y to mean bo? d\bt & disbelief ( ! tru? ( religion 9 g5]al1 & ,*ri/ianity 9 p>ticul>1 & ,i !re=e accept$ 9 sub/ance y\r own phraseology 9 ! popul> s5se 9 :i* y appe>$ to use x1 & ,i speak ( myself z a 8,sceptic or ,infidel10 mean+ !reby t ,i am n m]ely a d\bt]1 b a disbeliev]--a disbeliev] n ( 8religi\s tru?10 b ! tru? ( any religion4 ,x is s common = religi\s p to speak ( disbeliev]s 9 g5]al z 8sceptics0 or 8infidels10 )\t reg>d to ! d]ivation or /rict mean+ ( ! words1 t ,i ?9k x w\ld h be5 p$antic to appe> to h und]/ood !m 9 any o!r ?an _! common1 & ,i deem n v correct1 mean+4 ,y 71 !re=e1 p]fectly entitl$ to say y _h my au?ority = describ+ me z a 8,sceptic30 :at ,i demurr$ to 0 y\r description ( my position z a 8,sceptic0 z ,i _h adopt$ ! t]m 9 ! s5se 9 :i* y seem to use x 9 y\r circul>1 b n 9 ! s5se ( y\r lett]4 ,i ?9k ! misconception w\ld h be5 avoid$ _h y us$ ! :ole in/ead ( ! half ( my expression--viz41 8,sceptic or ,infidel10 in/ead ( 8,sceptic0 only2 z y\r description1 if correct1 ( ! position ( a 8,sceptic0 w cle>ly n apply to a 8,sceptic or ,infidel40 ,& "h ,i w endeav\r to /ate 8my conclusion on ! mom5t\s "q40 ,i am q conv9c$ t ! hi/ory ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 z record$ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 is a fable entirely unwor?y ( cr$5ce1 & t ! ,*ri/ian & all o!r sy/ems ( religion are b mis*iev\s delusions1 b ! nature ( ! evid5ce by :i* ,i arrive at ^! conclusions1 is s diff]5t f t :i* conv9ces me t ! sun is %9+ 9 ! heav5s 7space87 t ,i c\ld n use t =m ( words z correctly express+ ! /r5g? ( my convictions4 ,i regret x is necess>y to occupy y\r "t ) s long an explanation4 ,al?\gh ,i c\ld n agree ) :at y said1 ,i did n wi% to tr\ble y fur!r on t po9t1 & ?\ght x w\ld be suffici5t to indicate a diss5t )\t go+ into detail4 ,brevity 0 a failure1 & ,i apologise4 ,i am1 ,rev4 ,sir1 v respectfully1 y\r ob$i5t s]vant1 ,,rob]t ,a4 ,,coop]4 ,! ,v ,rev4 ,e4 ,m4 ,g\lburn1 ,dean ( ,norwi*4 ,,*ri/ianity ,,9 ,,relation ,,to ,,free?\ght1 ,,scepticism1 ,,& ,,fai?4 ,,*ri/ianity ,,& ,,free?\ght4 ,fir/ ,disc\rse ( ! ,bi%op ( ,pet]bor\gh1 deliv]$ 9 ,norwi* ,ca!dral1 ,m>* #bh?1 #ahga4 ,,on ,tuesday ev5+1 ,m>* #bh?1 ! ,"r ,rev4 ,dr4 ,magee1 ,"l ,bi%op ( ,pet]bor\gh1 prea*$ ! fir/ ( a s]ies ( ,s]mons on ,*ri/ianity & ,free?\ght1 be=e a l>ge congregation 9 ! nave ( ! ,ca!dral4 ,accord+ to ! ,dean's previ\s arrangem5ts1 ! nave 0 occupi$ by m51 & ! s\? aisle by ladies4 ,! nave 0 brilliantly light$1 & ! ,"l ,bi%op ( ,norwi* & ! full *apt] took "p 9 ! s]vice4 ,aft] pray]s 7 inton$ & a hymn sung1 ! ,"r ,rev4 ,prelate select$ 8 text f ! ,gospel accord+ to ,/4 ,john1 viii4 #cc3 8,h[ saye/ ?\1 ,ye %all be made free80 ,8 ,lord%ip said3 ,! sc5e t is describ$ 9 ?is *apt] makes1 ,i ?9k1 a fitt+ introduction to ! s]ies ( s]mons ( :i* ,i am "h to-night to prea* ! fir/4 ,^! s]mons are meant to be plead+s = ,*ri/4 ,_! object is to w9 back to him ^? :o may h left him1 to cause ^? :o h n left him to cl+ to him m /rongly2 to w9 back disciples to ,*ri/1 & to confirm disciples 9 _! disciple%ip4 ,t is :at ,i & ^? :o are to foll[ me "h h 9 view4 ,= ?is reason ,i ask y to-night to /udy ?is /ory 9 ! life ( ,*ri/1 because x is "o 9 :i* we see h[ ,*ri/ himself1 long ago1 fir/ won & !n lo/ disciples4 ,! sc5e comm5ces ) a l>ge accession ( disciples to ,*ri/4 ,we read1 t z he spoke ^! words _m believ$ on him1 & ! sc5e ends ) _m ( ^? v believ]s tak+ up /ones to ca/ at him4 ,fir/ !y believ$ on him1 %ortly aft] !y seek to take 8 life2 & aft] ?is is ov]1 we read h[ 8 own disciples came to him aga91 & said to him1 8,ma/]1 tell u40 ,n[1 bre?r51 we ,*ri/ians believe t 9 ?is sc5e 0 a prophecy ( ! :ole hi/ory ( ,*ri/'s life ^u e>? 9 8 ,*ur*2 ! /ory ( ^? :o come & ^? :o g1 ( ^? :o believe 9 him at fir/1 & ( ^? :o cease to believe 9 him1 & also ! inn] hi/ory ( ^? t nev] =sake him4 ,we believe t :5 ! noisy /rife ( ?+s has pass$ away1 & ! execrations ( ^? t hat$ him h ceas$ to r+ ^u ! e>1 !re /ill w be he>d ! voice ( ! ,*ur*1 say+ 8,ma/]1 tell u10 t :i* o!rs w n1 or _c li/5 to2 8,ma/]1 to :om %all we g8 ?\ ha/ ! words ( et]nal life40 ,b x is n on ^? :o ?us /ay ) ,*ri/ t ,i ask y to fix y\r att5tion4 ,i ask y to-night to contemplate ) me1 n ^? :o rema9 ) him1 b ^? :o leave him4 ,i ask y to und]/& a little ( t m5tal hi/ory t is "h %[n u1 tell+ u h[ !y pass$ f belief to d\bt1 & f d\bt to rejection ( ,*ri/4 ,x w be pr(itable to u1 ,i ?9k1 bo? to ^? :o believe & to ^? :o unhappily disbelieve 9 ,*ri/1 t we %\ld /udy a little ?is e>ly in/ance ( ,free?\ght & disbelief4 ,x w be good = ^? :o d n believe 9 ,*ri/ to look at ?is sc5e1 because x w %[ ?is fact1 t !re 7 ^? :o disbeliev$ 9 ,*ri/4 ,x w %[ ?is fact1 t ?is is n a religion ^: orig9 is lo/ 9 ! dim di/ance ( "t2 x is n a leg5d>y fai? ( :i* no "o c say :5 x began or :o fir/ taught x1 z x arose 9 hi/orical times2 a fai? cont9u+ f ! v fir/1 n )\t "q or dispute1 b 9 spite ( ! "q & not)/&+ ! dispute4 ,x w %[ t ,free?\ght is z old z ,*ri/ianity itself1 & :5 we read h[ long x is s9ce m5 _h ! same d\bts & difficulties1 x w occur to u t aft] all !re mu/ be a wond]ful p[] 9 ?is fai? t /ruggles into acceptance 9 spite ( ^? d\bts & difficulties1 & t !re mu/ be "s m>vell\s vitality 9 ! fai? t has surviv$ #ahjj ye>s1 some?+ t is wor? inquir+ into4 ,?is bu% t is burn+ & nev] burn$1 is wor? turn+ aside to look at4 ,x w be good = u to look at ^? e>ly unbeliev]s1 because x /r5g!ns our fai? to be rem9d$ t unbelief is no new ?+1 & t ,*ri/ianity has surviv$ m ?an #ahjj ye>s4 ,x is good = ano!r reason2 x tea*es u to try to und]/& ! feel+s ( ^? :o don't believe2 x tea*es u to try to put ourselves 9 _! place1 to try to und]/& h[ x is !y don't agree ) u2 to make all all[ances = ! hone/y ( _! disbelief1 to try to ent] fairly into _! motives & feel+s4 ,if we don't d ?is1 we are 9 dang] ( be+ h>d1 & bitt]1 & unju/ 9 cont5d+ = him1 b n 9 8 _s2 =gett+ t !re is n "o ( ^? :o disbelieve 9 him1 = :om he has n di$1 =gett+ t an unbeliev] is n an enemy to be driv5 back f ! =tress1 b an exile to be won back by e>ne/ reason+ to 8 ,fa!r 9 ,heav54 ,let u le>n1 above all1 t 9 all our argum5ts = ,*ri/ianity we %\ld be fill$ ) ! _s ( him = :om we plead1 & t we %\ld manife/ ! tru? 9 love4 ,we ask y !n to contemplate ?is sc5e1 9 :i* we f9d ,*ri/ w9n+ & los+ disciples1 & le>n some?+4 ,& ! fir/ ?+ we h to rem>k is ?is1 h[ v little ^? t come & g seem to h be5 influ5c$ by :at we call ! evid5ces ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,!y 7 d\btless drawn to ,*ri/ by ! fame ( 8 miracles1 x does n seem to h be5 8 miracles t conv]t$ !m4 ,x 0 z 8he said ^? words _m believ$ on him40 ,!n he said some?+ else1 & !y left him4 ,x 0 n t !y d\bt$ ( 8 ability to "w miracles1 b because some?+ he said (f5d$ !m4 ,!y came to him n altoge!r 9 consequ5ce ( 8 miracles1 & !y left him 9 spite ( 8 miracles4 ,x tea*es u t ! religion ( ,*ri/ 0 n receiv$ unque/ion+ly1 ev5 9 ! case ( 8 miracles1 = 9 spite ( 8 miracles !y v5tur$ to "q 8 doctr9e2 s t ^? :o say ,*ri/ianity 0 receiv$ 9 an ignorant age are contradict$ by ! /ory ( ,*ri/ianity itself1 = _m ( ^? :o saw 8 miracles reject$ him4 ,!re is ano!r reason = not+ ?is1 9 ord] to obs]ve ! p[] ( prejudice & passion 9 influ5c+ m5's belief or disbelief4 ,!re are few m5 :o believe /rictly 9 accordance ) _! reflect+ faculties4 ,! desires1 prejudices1 & passions ( m5 l>gely %>e 9 ! mak+ ( _! beliefs2 & if ?is be true ( beliefs1 x is equally true ( m5's unbelief4 ,if !re be ^? "h :o d n believe 9 ,*ri/1 ,i ask !m3 ,are y q sure t y\r unbelief is ! result ( calm1 & ?\ghtful1 & c>eful /udy ( :at ,*ri/ianity has to say = itself8 ,are y sure y h n ha/ily tak5 up "s objections aga9/ ,*ri/ianity )\t wait+ = ! answ]8 ,are y q sure t y h n misund]/ood "s words ( ,*ri/--"s words t1 hav+ (f5d$ y1 y h pass$ away )\t wait+ = ! reason8 ,are y sure t !re is no unreason 9 y\r unbelief1 y t say !re is s little reason 9 our belief8 ,x is because ,i am deeply conv9c$ ( ?is t ,i am "h4 ,x is because ,i believe t misconception1 prejudice1 & ha/y adoption ( o!r m5's op9ions ^u sl5d] gr\nds1 make a l>ge "p ( ignorant belief1 (t5 a l>ge "p ( ignorant unbelief4 ,x is because ^! misund]/&+s may be remov$1 t ,i am "h to speak ( ! subjects ,i h ann\nc$4 ,x is because ,i believe x is useless to argue aga9/ prejudices1 t ,i %all endeav\r to remove ^? prejudices1 & mi/ak5 feel+s & op9ions1 t make m5 unwill+ to li/5 to argum5ts = ,*ri/ianity4 ,^? :o foll[ me w br+ _m argum5ts = ,*ri/ianity1 & ,i am "h to-night to prep>e ! way = !m4 ,i ask y1 !n1 to turn aga9 to ?is /ory1 & to see :y x 0 t ^? new disciples left ,*ri/4 ,x 0 = ?is reason1 t !y 7 (f5d$ because he appe>$ to d5y !m ! possession ( lib]ty4 ,:5 !y became 8 disciples he said1 8,ye %all "k ! tru?1 & ! tru? %all make y free40 ,!n !y answ]$ him1 8,we be ,abraham's se$1 & 7 nev] 9 bondage to any man2 h[ saye/ ?\1 ,ye %all be made free80 ,he _h (f]$ !m lib]ty1 & ?is impli$ t !y 7 n free1 & ?is !y reg>d$ z ! grave/ ( affronts4 ,we1 ! *ildr5 ( ,abraham1 ! ari/ocracy ( humanity1 ^? :om ! ,"l deliv]$ out ( ,egypt1 ^: slaves are we t y v5ture to (f] u fre$om8 ,! (f] is an absurdity & an affront1 & y are d5y+ u fre$om 9 ! v words2 & s left him1 = !y deem$ x an insult to _! bir?right ( fre$om4 ,we1 :o und]/& ! /ory1 c see h[ mu* ^! m5 7 mi/ak54 ,our ,"l 0 (f]+ !m moral fre$om1 & !y suppos$ t he 0 (f]+ !m political fre$om4 ,!re 0 a misund]/&+ z to ! nature ( lib]ty2 he (f]$ !m a lib]ty = :i* !y 7 n desir\s4 ,x 0 a dispute ab\t lib]ty betwe5 ,*ri/ & ^? fir/ ,free?9k]s4 ,n[1 may !re n be "s misund]/&+ /ill8 ,t is ! subject ( my s]mon to-night4 ,x is ,*ri/ianity & ,free?\ght4 ,:at d y und]/& by ,free?\ght8 ,some?+ oppos$ to ,*ri/ianity2 & by a ,free?9k]1 "o :o rejects all or a "p ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,:y d su* m5 give !mselves t "n8 ,because x expresses _! conviction t ,*ri/ianity is oppos$ to fre$om ( ?\ght1 t x puts a re/ra9t on ! human intellect4 ,!y say t ,*ri/ianity %ackles ! human m9d4 8,i boa/ ( my fre$om10 says ! ,free?9k]2 8y require me to submit ! fre$om ( my intellect to ! au?ority ( a book4 ,my m9d res5ts su* an attempt to fett] x1 ,i submit to no au?ority4 ,y prie/s & bigots t come to me ) y\r au?ority1 & ?reat5 me ) p5alties = d>+ to ?9k ?us & ?us1 y are convict+ y\rselves ( falsehood be=e y utt] ano!r ^w1 = y are oppos$ to fre$om4 ,i _c li/5 to y\r evid5ces ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,no pro( ( miracle w make me give up my fre$om ( ?\ght40 ,h[ (t5 d we he> ( ! bigotry ( ! prie/1 & ! enlight5$ ,free?\ght ( ! age4 ,m>k !n1 we h ! issue rais$ betwe5 ,*ri/ianity & ,free?\ght4 ,let u und]/& x cle>ly1 be=e we g fur!r4 ,x is true t ,*ri/ianity comes ) a claim ( au?ority4 ,x is true t ,*ri/ianity says1 ,believe ?is & t1 because ,*ri/ has said x4 ,he is seek+ m5 n[1 z he did1 ) au?ority2 & x is true t ,*ri/ianity does w>n m5 ( c]ta9 p5alties1 heavy & griev\s p5alties1 if !y don't believe :at ,*ri/ says4 ,*ri/ianity is au?oritative tea*+1 accompani$ ) ?reats ( p5alties4 ,n[ we are told1 t is j ! po9t at :i* ,*ri/ianity comes into collision ) ,free?\ght4 ,fre$om ( ?\ght w n endure to he> ( au?ority1 & res5ts ! v idea ( p5alty4 ,n[ we h put be=e u ! issue betwe5 ,*ri/ianity & ,free?\ght4 ,x is necess>y t we %\ld def9e = ourselves :at is ,free?\ght4 ,! ^w is on m5's lips1 & ,i am n sure t !y und]/& :at !y mean by x4 ,let u try to und]/& :at is ,free?\ght4 ,x may mean "o ( ?ree ?+s4 ,x may mean fre$om z oppos$ to necessity1 x may mean fre$om z oppos$ to au?ority1 or x may mean fre$om z oppos$ to responsibility4 ,z reg>ds ! fir/ ( ^!1 by fre$om z oppos$ to necessity1 we mean t a man is free to ?9k 9 "o way or ano!r1 t x is n absolutely necess>y = him always to ?9k 9 "o way or ano!r2 t is to say1 8 ?\ght is n ! necess>y product ( physical con/itution1 t 8 ?\ghts d n gr[ out ( him1 z ! blade gr[s out ( ! se$ or ! fl[] out ( ! plant2 t x is n me*anical or necess>y1 b t a man has ! p[] to *oose h[ he w ?9k4 ,!n z to fre$om z oppos$ to au?ority1 we mean t a man is n b\nd to ?9k l o!r m5--t is1 8 ?\ght is n subject to any o!r man's1 & he has a "r to say1 8,t is y\r op9ion & n m9e40 ,fre$om ( ?\ght z oppos$ to responsibility means t a man is n answ]able = 8 belief1 & t :atev] he ?9ks on any subject1 he is nev] to suff] = 8 belief 9 any way :atev]4 ,^! ?ree are ! only possible mean+s4 ,n[ let u take !m 9 _! ord]4 ,fir/1 fre$om ( ?\ght z oppos$ to necessity4 ,does ,*ri/ianity d5y ?is fre$om8 ,on ! contr>y1 x ass]ts & v9dicates x4 ,*ri/ianity tea*es t man is free1 & t]ribly free1 to w 8 own belief4 ,x tea*es ?is by ! fact t x tells u a man is answ]able = 8 belief1 = a man _c be answ]able = t 9 :i* he has no *oice1 any m ?an he has ( ! col\r ( 8 hair4 ,if he be answ]able1 x c only be because he has ! p[] ( *oos+4 ,x is rem>kable t _m p :o call !mselves ,free?9k]s1 insi/ on x t man is n answ]able = 8 belief any m ?an = ! col\r ( 8 hair4 ,!y ?us d5y ! fre$om ( ?\ght4 ,fre$om & responsibility always g toge!r2 s y see 9 ?is view ( ,free?\ght1 ,*ri/ianity1 s f> f d5y+ x1 ass]ts x aga9/ _m ,free?9k]s2 & 9 ?is respect ! ,*ri/ian is ! ,free?9k]1 & ma9ta9s ! doctr9e ( ,free?\ght4 ,second1 fre$om ( ?\ght z oppos$ to ! idea ( all au?ority4 ,we are told t ?\ght _c be free if x submits to any au?ority1 & x is q true 9 ! ab/ract4 ,att5d to ?is4 ,x is true t ! ab/ract idea ( fre$om is oppos$ to ! ab/ract idea ( au?ority1 9 ?\ght or religion4 ,b x is equally true1 t ^! are oppos$ 9 ev]y?+ else4 ,x is j z true 9 politics1 9 :i* ! idea ( fre$om is oppos$ to ! idea ( au?ority4 ,:]e !re is absolute fre$om1 !re _c be au?ority4 ,:]e !re is absolute au?ority1 we _c und]/& logically h[ !re c be any fre$om4 ,/>t+ f ! maxim1 8,man is free10 we arrive logically at ! conclusion t !re c be no au?ority = t man4 ,/>t+ f ! axiom1 8,au?ority is supreme10 is to arrive at ! logical conclusion t !re is no room = lib]ty4 ,! two ideas are logically oppos$1 ! "o to ! o!r4 ,b are !y s 9 practice8 ,is x a fact t fre$om is f\nd inconsi/5t ) au?ority8 ,is x n true t m5 reconcile !m e day8 ,is x n true t ?\ght is free1 & yet ?\ght submits itself to au?ority8 ,_m *]i%$ op9ions are receiv$ on au?ority1 n because we h prov$ !m ourselves4 ,we take ! op9ion ( a lawy] on law1 & ( a doctor on m$ic9e1 z au?ority4 ,morality itself is l>gely receiv$ ^u au?ority4 ,we are always submitt+ ourselves to au?ority4 ,logically1 fre$om & au?ority are sep>ate1 b !re nev] 0 a society 9 :i* ! two did n come toge!r4 ,!y are l ! *emical elem5ts1 :i* h a /rong aff9ity = ea* o!r1 & are nev] ap>t1 except :5 sep>at$ 9 ! laboratory ( ! *emi/1 b ! mom5t !y are lib]at$ !y are toge!r aga94 ,x is j ! same ) ,free?\ght & au?ority4 ,m5 are always submitt+ !mselves to au?ority1 & if !y did n !y w\ld nev] le>n or "k any?+4 ,:5 we speak ( ! au?ority ( a revelation f ,god1 we mean t we br+ to ,free?\ght1 to judge (1 ! reasons = believ+ t ! tea*] kn[s m ab\t ! ?+s he tea*es ?an o!rs4 ,t is a v l>ge "p ( :at is call$ 8! evid5ce f miracles40 ,m5 speak z if ! miracles 7 ! evid5ces ( ! morals ( ! ,gospel4 ,t is n :at we say4 ,:at we say is ?is1 ,our ,"l com+ d[n f heav5 7z we believe7 to tell u ( ano!r & sup]natural _w ( :i* he knew & we did n1 gave evid5ce ( t k by br++ d[n ! sup]natural4 ,let u suppose we 7 walk+ ?r\gh "o ( ! *ur*-y>ds ( ?is city ) ano!r p]son1 & ! disc\rse fell ^u ! resurrection4 ,if y said x 0 impossible = any au?ority to prove x1 & ! p]son said1 ,i "k !re c be a resurrection ( ! dead1 & ,i w give y a pro( ( x2 & suppose he bade ! dead rise1 & !y sprang alive out ( ! e>?2 d y mean to say t w\ld be no au?ority f him on ! "q ( ! resurrection ( ! dead8 ,w\ld x be a tyranny ov] ,free?\ght to be told t ! dead c rise8 ,s y see ,free?\ght is n inconsi/5t ) ! au?ority ( a revelation1 = ?is reason1 t ! revelation submits its pro( to y\r ,free?\ght4 ,i am n say+ t ,i h prov$ ! miracles1 ,i am only say+ t by miracles we are n violat+ ,free?\ght2 b on ! contr>y we are ma9ta9+ x4 ,i speak z unto wise m51 judge ye :at ,i say4 ,i n[ come to ! ?ird idea ( fre$om1 t is1 fre$om z oppos$ to responsibility2 & ?is is1 ,i really believe1 :at m5 mean :5 !y speak ( ,free?\ght z oppos$ to ,*ri/ianity4 ,!y say1 8,y ?reat5 u ) p5alties = unbelief1 & our :ole s\l revolts aga9/ t4 ,x w\ld be tyrannical to puni% a man = 8 op9ions4 ,we _c endure m5 to d ?is4 ,d y mean to say t ,god w be less j ?an man & p]secute u = our op9ions80 ,let u see :e!r we cle>ly und]/& ?is "q4 ,?is objection goes to ! pr9ciple t no man %\ld be puni%$ = 8 op9ions4 ,i w ask y to consid] ?is "q4 ,is x true t no man "u any circum/ances %\ld be puni%$ = 8 op9ions8 ,& aga9 is x true t m5 d n suff] = _! op9ions8 ,x is true t s long z he keeps 8 ?\ghts to himself1 he w n be puni%$ = !m1 = ! simple reason t !y are n kn[n2 b :5 he utt]s !m1 he may be puni%$4 ,is x n true1 t a man :o utt]s a s$iti\s1 a libell\s1 or indec5t ?\ght is puni%$ & %\ld be puni%$8 ,& :y8 because ! law ( lib]ty ( ! individual comes into collision ) ! high] law ( ! g5]al welf>e1 & mu/ give way to x4 ,!re are o!r p5alties2 society puni%es a man m %>ply ?an ! law4 ,!re are (f5ces ( ?\ght & spee* :i* ! law does n & %\ld n puni%1 & yet :i* society visits v heavily4 ,let a man ent]ta9 evil & unk9d ?\ghts ( 8 neighb\r1 & %[ x by 8 looks1 & we "k h[ society visits him = 8 ,free?\ght4 ,e man kn[s t if all ! ?\ghts ( 8 he>t 7 laid b>e1 be=e 8 fell[ m51 he might pass a mis]able & outca/ exi/5ce1 because society def5ds itself aga9/ ?is injuri\s ex]cise ( ,free?\ght4 ,!n pass a /ep fur!r1 & ?9k ( ! con/itution ( nature & ( ! laws ( ! _w4 ,does ?is _w ( nature all[ ( ,free?\ght8 ,d ^! natural laws all[ a man to make mi/akes ) impunity8 ,let any man ?9k wrong ( ! p[]s ( nature1 t fire w n burn nor wat] dr[n1 & he w soon f9d himself visit$ ) a %>p & m]ciless puni%m5t1 = !re are no laws s m]ciless z ^? ( nature4 ,he t transgresses !m ignorantly or witt+ly1 is beat5 alike ) _m /ripes4 ,! great revolv+ ma*9]y ( ! _w w n arre/ its revolutions because ( ! cry ( a human creature t by a v innoc5t error1 ev5 by 8 mi/ak5 action ( ,free?\ght1 is gr\nd to pieces b5ea? !m4 ,if ! man ( sci5ce w>ns u ( ! consequ5ces ( transgress+ ! laws t he has discov]$1 we %\ld be at lib]ty to ?9k diff]5tly f him1 b x w be at our own prop] p]il1 if we ex]cise our ,free?\ght4 ,z sure z y d1 s y w suff] f x4 ,x is n ! prophet or 8 w>n+ t br+s d[n ! p5alty1 x is n ! book ^u sanit>y law t br+s dip!ria or sc>let fev]1 x is n ! s9k+ ( ! m]cury 9 ! glass t br+s ! /orm2 ! writt5 pro( 9 ! "o case1 ! mute pro( 9 ! o!r1 =etell ! evil1 b d n create x4 ,nature & sci5ce1 !n1 h _! w>n+s1 & ?reat5+s1 & p5alties2 & nature & sci5ce av5ge !mselves on ,free?\ght4 ,& m>k ?is1 ! m & m y lose sight ( p]sonal w1 ! fa9t] & fa9t] seems to gr[ ! *ance ( =giv5ess1 less & less room !re seems to be = ,free?\ght2 !re is some?+ 9 ! words1 8,i believe 9 ,god ! ,fa!r ,almighty1 mak] ( heav5 & e>?10 !re is some?+ 9 ! lov+ w t has p[] to save ! ,free?\ght ( 8 err+ creatures f ! s\lless & m]ciless ma*9]y ( law4 ,n[ we see h[ little room !re is = ,free?\ght 9 ?is _w ( law4 ,let u introduce into ! _w a fact2 let u introduce ! idea ( a ,god2 let u suppose = ! sake ( argum5t t !re is a ,god4 ,c x be a matt] ( indiff]5ce h[ he feels t[>d u1 & h[ we %\ld feel & act t[>d him8 ,h[ c !re be a possibility ( ?\ght )\t consequ5ces z reg>ds ,god1 if !re be no possibility ( ?\ght )\t consequ5ces z reg>ds ! v lea/ ( ,god's works8 ,does x make no diff]5ce to u :e!r he is an ,almighty tyrant or a fa!r to u1 :e!r or n he c susp5d ! t]rible laws ( nature :i* we dread8 ,c we he> ab\t ?is ,god1 & n wi% to le>n all ab\t him8 ,c !re be any?+ m absurd ?an ! say+1 ,let u h religion & no !ology8 ,is t m s5sible ?an to say1 ,let u h sun1 moon1 & />s1 & no a/ronomy2 let u h plants & no botany2 let u h ! e>? & no geology8 ,if ,god be a fact1 !re mu/ c]ta9ly come !ology out ( t fact4 ,z geology gr[s out ( ! fact ) :i* x deals1 s does !ology gr[ out ( a fact4 ,( all ! errors ( ! "t !re _c be a great] absurdity ?an a religion )\t !ology1 = e religion tea*es our obligations to a high] be+4 ,if !re be a ,god1 !re mu/ be a !ology4 ,i w ask y :at is ?is cre$ ( ,*ri/5dom8 ,x is ne>ly all ! ass]tion ( facts3 8,i believe 9 ,god ! ,fa!r ,almighty1 mak] ( heav5 & e>?1 & 9 ,jesus ,*ri/ 8 only son our ,"l1 :o 0 conceiv$ by ! ,holy ,gho/1 born ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y1 suff]$ "u ,pontius ,pilate1 0 crucifi$1 dead & buri$2 he desc5d$ into hell1 ! ?ird day he rose aga9 f ! dead2 he asc5d$ into heav51 & sits at ! "r h& ( ,god ! ,fa!r ,almighty3 f !nce he %all come to judge ! quick & ! dead40 ,all ^! ass]tions ( facts y may say are n facts2 b if !y be facts1 y are b\nd to ?9k rightly ab\t !m4 ,y are b\nd to ?9k "r ab\t !m "u p5alties1 b no m s ?an z to o!r facts4 ,y are z mu* b\nd to ?9k "r z to ! fact ( a ,god z to any o!r fact4 ,b m5 say1 ,^! facts are n s c]ta9 z ! facts ( physical sci5ce4 ,we answ]1 ,!y are m c]ta9 to u2 !y are to u facts z c]ta9 z ! great lights ( heav54 ,we _c conceive ! possibility ( ourselves d\bt+ !m4 ,we may say1 ,p]haps !re is a ,god1 & we h a "r to say1 ,! p]haps may become a c]ta9ty4 ,if we ?9k "r1 & y ?9k wrong1 y mu/ suff] ! consequ5ces4 ,if a man ( sci5ce puts into y\r h& a book1 & w>ns y ( ! dang] ( infection1 & y say y don't believe x1 because y are sceptical ab\t ! tea*+1 he _c compel y to believe x1 b meantime y w suff]2 ! pro( may come 9 sickness & 9 dea?1 & y w n escape4 ,& we say1 n 9 ang] & bitt]ness1 n 9 h>d d5unciation ( ! wra? ( ,god--,god =bid t we %\ld d x2 b we speak 9 ! same tone ( w>n+1 & n ?reat5+1 & we say1 ,if y d\bt1 rememb] "t is pass+1 & if y ?9k wrong1 !re is dang] ( ! judgm5t4 ,we say1 ,take he$ h[ y grope 9 ! d>k & /umble4 ,we _c alt] ! facts if !y are facts1 & !y w affect y\r happ9ess4 ,we say1 ,!re is 9 ?is no?+ un*>itable1 no violation ( ,free?\ght any m 9 religion ?an 9 sci5ce4 ,we say t ! consequ5ces ( ?9k+ errone\sly 9 religion may be z p]il\s z ! consequ5ces ( ?9k+ errone\sly z to physical facts4 ,x rema9s to be %[n :at are ! facts ( our religion4 ,all t we say n[ is1 t an error ab\t ! facts may be fraught ) s]i\s consequ5ces1 & we no m violate ,free?\ght ?an :5 a physician w>ns y4 ,n[1 !n1 ,i tru/ we h dispos$ ( ^? prejudices t lay ^u ! ?re%old ( our inquiry1 ^! prejudices aga9/ ,*ri/ianity z be+ oppos$ to ,free?\ght2 = if ,free?\ght means fre$om z oppos$ to necessity1 religion does n d5y x2 if ,free?\ght means fre$om z oppos$ to au?ority1 religion does n create ! di/9ction1 x is j z easy to reconcile x ) religion z ) ! /ate ( society4 ,if y mean by ,free?\ght1 fre$om )\t responsibility z to consequ5ces1 !re is no su* ?+ ei!r 9 society or 9 nature1 & y h no "r to expect x 9 religion4 ,all t we say is1 t we are n to expect fre$om ( ?\ght )\t its responsibility4 ,*ri/ianity gives u glimpses ( ! means ( escape f ! op]ation ( mat]ial laws 9 ! m]cies ( ! lov+ ,fa!r ( ! human family4 ,,fir/ ,,reply ,,( ,,mr4 ,c4 ,,bradlaugh4 ,,*ri/ianity ,,& ,,free?\ght4 ,deliv]$ 9 ! ,free ,libr>y1 ,norwi*1 ,april #c1 #ahga4 ,,:5 on ! #g? ( ,febru>y ! ,v ,rev]5d ! ,dean ( ,norwi* issu$ 8 circul> ann\nc+ t a s]ies ( disc\rses w\ld be deliv]$ by 8"s compet5t prea*]10 8hav+ = _! object ! v9dication & e/abli%m5t ( ! ,*ri/ian fai?10 & 8direct$ aga9/ mod]n =ms ( infidelity10 ,i felt deep int]e/1 n ,i presume conf9$ to ! ranks ( ! p>ty :i* has p]mitt$ me to be its advocate ^u ?is occasion4 ,! circul> 0 9 po9t ( fact an ann\ncem5t t ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& felt x necess>y to *all5ge & give battle to mod]n infidelity2 & t hav+ det]m9$ t ! /ruggle %\ld be a real "o1 x int5d$ to select its be/ man1 & by 8 m\? to v9dicate & e/abli% ! fai?1 :i* mod]n infidelity is do+ s mu* to und]m9e1 n only 9 ! busy ,nor?1 b ev5 9 ! quiet & *ur*-%ad[$ capital ( ,ea/ ,anglia4 ,:5 on my arrival 9 ,norwi* ,i le>n$ t ! influ5ce ( ! ,dean & ,*apt] ( ?is ca!dral city _h 9 no s5se be5 ex]t$ to give me ! sort ( opportunity to be he>d 9 reply to _! advocate1 :i* ,i _h a reasonable "r to expect1 & :5 ,i knew t aft] our fri5ds mak+ a circuit ( ! city1 9 ! va9 endeav\r to hire a build+ meet = su* an occasion1 x 0 difficult to ensure ! use ( ! ,free ,libr>y ,hall1 ,i felt t ev5 9 ,norwi* ! approv$ mode ( enc\nt]+ mod]n infidelity seem$ to be t ( free spee* = ! *ur* advocate & gagg$ m\? = ! plead] on behalf ( h]esy4 ,:5 ,i sat 9 ! f9e nave ( ! old ca!dral1 & weigh$ ! accessories ( *oir & organ1 inton$ litany1 & pray] responses in/rum5tally accompani$2 :5 ,i look$ at ! l>ge numb] ( cl]gy pres5t1 head$ by two bi%ops1 & support$ by ! weal? & fa%ion ( ! di/rict1 ,i c\ld n b feel t s f> z m]e sc5ic effects w5t1 our side 0 sadly lack+ 9 su* accessories to w9 adhesion4 ,:51 too1 ,i saw ! select$ 8compet5t prea*]10 ! ,"r ,rev4 ,dr4 ,magee1 ,"l ,bi%op ( ,pet]bor\gh1 ^: fame z an eloqu5t orator1 an erudite & poli%$ disputant1 has long s9ce be5 widely spread1 ,i knew t our cause lab\r$ "u e possible disadvantage save "o4 ,x _h b its tru? & ju/ice4 ,pre/ige1 tal5t1 skill1 fa%ion1 7 alli$ to s]ve ! ,*ur*4 ,:51 moreov]1 ,i f\nd t 9 ! local press religi\s m51 head$ by ,*ur* ( ,engl& cl]gy1 s\ght to excite prejudices aga9/ me be=e ev5 a ^w _h be5 spok5 on my side1 ,i c\ld n help ?9k+ t ev5 if defeat$ 9 a /ruggle s unequal x w\ld leave ! ,*ur* b little to boa/ ( 9 its victory4 ,b ,i plead nei!r = m]cy nor fav\r2 fair enc\nt] has be5 ask$ & d5i$1 & ,i take ! risk ( battle4 ,al?\gh we are to-day ! *all5g$1 ! ,*ur* refuses t\rney gr\nd to our p>ty1 & we mu/ cont5d z be/ we c4 ,9 treat+ ! subject ( 8,*ri/ianity & ,free?\ght10 9 reply to ! address ( ! ,bi%op ( ,pet]bor\gh1 ,i am entitl$ to n>r[1 & %all n>r[1 ! "q cov]$ by ?is reply1 to "o m]ely betwe5 ! ,free?9k] & ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& ,*ri/ian only4 ,! litany1 hymns1 & pray]s :i* =m$ ! preface to ! ,bi%op's advocacy are "h fair weapons to use aga9/ him4 ,i d n /& "h to-night to plead aga9/ ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ri/ianity1 or aga9/ ,wesleyan1 ,indep5d5t1 or ,bapti/ noncon=m+ ,*ri/ianity1 nor d ,i plead aga9/ ,unit>ian ,*ri/ianity4 ,i am "h to reply to ! ,*ur* & ,/ate ,*ri/ianity1 ! ?irty-n9e articles ,*ri/ianity2 to ! sy/em ) :i* ! ,"l ,bi%op ( ,pet]bor\gh has id5tifi$ 8 brilliant tal5ts & great p[]s ( spee*1 & ) all ! faults & corruptions ( :i* he mu/ re/ burd5$ s f> z ?is controv]sy is conc]n$4 ,"h he mu/ n ?r[ aside any "o ( ! ?ree ,cre$s1 "h e l9e ( ! ,pray] ,book affects 8 tea*+4 ,! ,*ri/ianity he mu/ def5d is t :i* ! #i & #aj ,william ,,iv41 cap4 #cb1 ma9ta9s2 ! ,*ri/ianity by law e/abli%$4 ,i pass )\t comm5t ! fact t ! text select$ by ! ,"l ,bi%op 0 n only f ! ,gospel ^: au!nticity is d\bt$ by _m ,*ri/ians1 b f a *apt] specially reg>d$ z an int]polat$ "o4 ,on ?is head1 ,i leave ,dr4 ,magee to debate ) ,dr4 ,davidson4 ,b ,i am b\nd to draw att5tion to ! v extraord9>y exposition giv5 ( ! cont5ts ( ?is *apt]1 :i* we are invit$ to /udy4 ,dr4 ,magee says t ! p :o 7 ) ,jesus1 87 d\btless drawn to ,*ri/ by ! fame ( 8 miracles10 & t :5 !y left him 8x 0 n t !y d\bt$ ( 8 ability to p]=m miracles40 ,n[1 s f> z ?is *apt] is conc]n$1 !re is n ! smalle/ p>ticle ( ref]5ce to miracles at all1 &1 !re=e1 ,dr4 ,magee's words on ?is head1 & ev5 admitt+ 8 alleg$ au?ority1 7 only s mu* f\ndationless v]biage4 ,& :5 ,dr4 ,magee says t ?is *apt] tea*es t 8! religion ( ,*ri/ 0 n receiv$ unque/ion+ly1 ev5 9 ! case ( 8 miracles1 = 9 spite ( 8 miracles !y v5tur$ to "q 8 doctr9e10 ,i c only express my deep regret t ! _m occupations ( ! ,"l ,bi%op ( ,pet]bor\gh %\ld h left him )\t ! "t to ma/] ! actual cont5ts ( ! *apt] on :i* 8 s]mon 0 bas$4 ,bi%op ,magee fur!r urges t 8^? :o say t ,*ri/ianity 0 receiv$ 9 an ignorant age1 are contradict$ by ! /ory ( ,*ri/ianity itself1 = _m ( ^? :o saw 8 miracles reject$ !m40 ,i fail to see ! contradiction2 cle>ly ! ,jews 7 an ignorant p1 !y _h no sci5tific lit]ature1 no philosophy1 no record$ oratory1 n ev5 a language--= ! ,hebrew is b t :i* ! captives borr[$ f _! captors--n a trace ( _! anci5t tongue hav+ be5 pres]v$4 ,! le>n$ ,bi%op argues t 8! desires1 prejudices1 & passions ( m5 l>gely %>e 9 ! mak+ ( _! beliefs40 ,b surely he might h c>ri$ ?is f>!r /ill1 & h %[n--& ?is ev5 ap>t f ! case made out by ,d>w91 ,sp5c]1 & ,wallace--t race1 climate1 soil1 food1 & mode ( life1 modify & *ange beliefs1 & t su* beliefs are transmissible & transmitt$ f p>5t to *ild 9 simil>--?\gh p]haps n 9 ! same--fa%ion z are features & frames4 ,& z 9 ! case ( ! physique ! inh]it$ nature is modifi$1 improv+ or det]iorat+ ) ! mode ( life ( ! individual1 s also1 b 9 a m v>i$ degree1 ) 8 ?\ght-abilities & 8 ?\ghts4 ,b if x be true1 z 0 s p[]fully urg$ by ! ,"r ,rev]5d ,*ri/ian ,advocate1 t m5's desires1 passions1 & prejudices contribute l>gely to ! mak+ up ( _! beliefs1 :at becomes ( 8 ,lord%ip's subsequ5t />tl+ decl>ation t a man is free to *oose :at he w believe1 8to w 8 own belief80 ,if !re are h]$it>y pr$ispositions to p>ticul> l9es ( ?\ght1 h]$it>y pr$ispositions to reg>d p>ticul> topics f limit$ /&-po9ts1 h]$it>y pr$ispositions to ignore or accept unque/ion+ly p>ticul> propositions1 ,i ask1 ,does n ! acquiesc5ce 9 su* a doctr9e fatally impea* ! ,bi%op's argum5ts8 ,on ! ref]5ce made to ! 8bigotry ( ! prie/10 ,i desire 9 ?is lecture to say b little1 = ,i w\ld will+ly foll[ ! example ( my ,"r ,rev]5d antagoni/1 & entirely avoid ^? argum5ts :i* sav\r ( m]e p]sonal d5unciation2 b x is h>d to =get t dur+ ! #ahjj ye>s :i*1 x 0 boa/$1 ,*ri/ianity has endur$ x 0 ! policy & practice ( prie/ly bigotry1 fir/ 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,rome1 & aft]w>ds1 & n less1 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&1 to oppose1 & )\t m]cy to seek to cru% out all ef=ts at ,free?\ght4 ,if to-day ! ,"l ,bi%op ( ,pet]bor\gh lifts 8 p[]ful & eloqu5t voice 9 ! ,ca!dral nave1 if to-day we are *>m$ ) 8 suasive plead+ & well-turn$ p]iods1 we c sc>cely =get t x is only s9ce ! ,*ur* has be5 unable to /rike ) ! arm ( ! law t %e has condesc5d$ to plead ) ! tongue4 ,i mu/ assume to-night t ^? ( y :o are pres5t 7 also pres5t at ! ,bi%op's disc\rse2 b ,i speak ) m fre$om z x is my int5tion to pr9t ?is reply toge!r ) a v]batim report ( ! ,"l ,bi%op's s]mon1 s t !y may /& side by side4 ,i regret t ! le>n$ & eloqu5t advocate ( ,*ur* ,*ri/ianity did n ?9k x "r :5 talk+ ( fre$om1 necessity1 laws ( nature1 absolute fre$om1 & s =?1 to fav\r u ) "s explanation or def9ition to guide u to ! s5se he int5d$ to convey by _! use2 z ,i c\ld n help fancy+ t he m ?an once us$ ! same words ) q diff]5t mean+s4 ,jona?an ,edw>ds1 :om ,i %all quote to y ) slight modification1 ?us 9 effect /ates ! doctr9e ( necessity3--8,! :ole univ]se exhibits a fix$1 c]ta91 & con/ant succession ( ev5ts1 :i* be> to ea* o!r ! relation ( causes & effects4 ,?is s]ies ( causes & effects1 z !y belong to unconsci\s & involunt>y subjects1 is ! physical ord] ( ! mat]ial univ]se3 ( :i* ord] ! ph5om5a are f\nd by obs]vation to take place accord+ to c]ta9 pr9ciples1 :i* are usually call$ ! laws ( nature4 ,?is s]ies1 z x applies to intellig5t & volunt>y ag5ts1 consi/s ( ! fix$ & inv>iable conjunction ( volitions & volunt>y actions ) antec$5t motives4 ,9 e in/ance t we "k by exp]i5ce1 or t we c conceive1 !re is an inv>iable & necess>y conjunction ( motives & volitions4 ,we _c conceive a *ange 9 ! volition )\t an antec$5t *ange 9 ! motive2 & ! motives rema9+ ! same1 ! volitions & ! volunt>y acts w be correspond5t4 ,we are consci\s t we nev] d1 & nev] c1 p]=m any volunt>y action )\t a motive40 ,:ile n adopt+ entirely ! words ( ,jona?an ,edw>ds1 ,i h giv5 8 view ( ! doctr9e ( necessity1 a view n conta9$ 9 ! s]mon by ,bi%op ,magee2 b ea* us$ ! phrase laws ( nature4 ,n[1 cle>ly1 9 ! m\? ( ! ,bi%op1 law meant ! expression ( p]sonal w4 ,! ,duke ( ,argyll 9 8 8,reign ( ,law10 says3--8,9 its prim>y signification a #8law' is ! au?oritative expression ( human w en=c$ by p[]20 b he gives five diff]5t s5ses 9 :i* ! ^w 8law0 is us$4 ,fir/1 8,we h law z appli$ simply to an obs]v$ ord] ( facts2 secondly1 to t ord] z involv+ ! action ( "s =ce or =ces ( :i* no?+ m may be kn[n2 ?irdly1 z appli$ to individual =ces1 ! measure ( ^: op]ation has be5 m or less def9$ or asc]ta9$2 f\r?ly1 z appli$ to ^? comb9ations ( =ce :i* h ref]5ce to ! fulfilm5t ( purpose1 or ! dis*>ge ( function2 fif?ly1 z appli$ to ab/ract conceptions ( ! m9d1 n correspond+ ) any actual ph5om5a1 b d$uc$ !refrom z axioms ( ?\ght necess>y to our und]/&+ ( !m4 ,law1 9 ?is s5se1 is a r$uction ( ! ph5om5a1 n m]ely to an ord] ( facts1 b to an ord] ( ?\ght40 ,i use law only z d5ot+ obs]v$ concurr5ce or sequ5ce ( ev5ts4 ,:5 x is said to be a law t wat] p\r$ f ! glass %all fall to ! gr\nd1 x is n1 or %\ld n1 be meant t ! wat] falls by comm& emanat+ f p]sonal w1 b only t ?is is ! record$ exp]i5ce ( all compet5t obs]v]s )\t exception4 ,jona?an ,edw>ds1 rely+ on ,isaiah xlvi4 #i & #aj1 xiv4 #bg1 ,acts xv4 #ah1 ,psalms xxxiii4 #aj & #aa1 & o!r texts1 decl>$ t ! absolute & p]fect =ekn[l$ge ( ,god1 ass]t$ 9 ! ,bible1 0 inconsi/5t ) fre$om ( volition1 z x impli$ ! c]ta9ty ( ! happ5+ ( ! ev5ts =ekn[n4 ,! ,duke ( ,argyll says1 8,!re is no?+ to object to or d5y 9 ! doctr9e t if we knew ev]y?+ t det]m9es ! conduct ( a man1 we %\ld be able to "k :at ! conduct w be4 ,t is to say1 if we knew all ! motives :i* are br\ght by ext]nal ag5cies to be> ^u 8 m9d1 & if we knew all ! o!r motives :i* t m9d evolves out ( its own p[]s1 & out ( previ\sly acquir$ mat]ials1 to be> ^u itself2 & if we knew ! "* & disposition ( t m9d s p]fectly z to e/imate exactly ! weight x w all[ to all ! diff]5t motives op]at+ ^u x1 !n we %\ld be able to pr$ict ) c]ta9ty ! result+ c\rse ( conduct40 ,sir ,william ,hamilton1 = ,i pref] to quote f antagoni/s1 says1 8,h[ ! w c possibly be free1 mu/ rema9 to u1 "u ! pres5t limitation ( our faculties1 :olly incompreh5sible4 ,we are unable to conceive an absolute comm5cem5t1 we _c1 !re=e1 conceive a free volition4 ,a det]m9ation by motives _c1 to our und]/&+1 escape f necessitation4 ,nay1 7 we ev5 to admit z true :at we _c ?9k z possible1 /ill ! doctr9e ( a motiveless volition w\ld be only casualism2 & ! free acts ( an indiff]5t1 are1 morally & rationally1 z wor?less z ! pre-ord]$ passions ( a det]m9$ w4 ,h[1 !re=e1 ,i repeat1 moral lib]ty is possible 9 man or ,god1 we are utt]ly unable1 speculatively1 to und]/&40 ,9 deal+ ) 8,fre$om z oppos$ to ,necessity10 ,dr4 ,magee decl>$ 8t a man is free to ?9k 9 "o way or ano!r1 t x is n absolutely necess>y = him always to ?9k 9 "o way or ano!r40 ,?is decl>ation is s obscure1 t ,i %\ld h _h to ab&on all attempt to solve ! ,bi%op's mean+ b = ! add$ explanation--viz41 8t is to say1 8 ?\ght is n ! necess>y product ( physical con/itution1 t 8 ?\ghts d n gr[ out ( him1 z ! blade gr[s out ( ! se$ or ! fl[] out ( ! plant1 t x is n me*anical or necess>y1 b t a man has ! p[] to *oose h[ he w ?9k40 ,i d n imag9e t ,dr4 ,magee us$ ! ^w 8?\ght0 z limit$ by ,sir ,william ,hamilton2 or t he int5d$ 9 ! loose words he utt]$ on ?is head to exam9e ! doctr9e z to evolution ( ?\ght put =w>d by ,g]man ?9k]s4 ,i assume t ! ,"l ,bi%op reg>d$ brilliancy ( spee* z pref]able to pr(undity ( argum5t1 & fanci$ t he w\ld be/ cle> ! way = ! o!r ,*ri/ian advocates :o are to foll[ him1 by pil+ well-s\nd+ b (t5 p]fectly unmean+ phrases 9 _! pa?way4 ,:5 ! ,bi%op ( ,pet]bor\gh urges t ?\ght is n ! necess>y product ( physical con/itution1 we answ] by op5+ be=e him an e?nical map2 & po9t+ to ! ,au/ralian z probably ! l[e/ human type1 ! ,bu%man ( ! ,cape1 ! ,esquimaux1 ! ,negro1 ! ,teuton1 we ask :e!r physical con/itution has n some?+ to d ) ?\ght-ability8 ,nay1 tak+ a mal-=m$ cranium or a diseas$ bra9 f a lunatic asylum1 we dem& fur!r :e!r ! unheal?y & inaccurate ?\ght is n !re alleg$ 9 precise t]ms to be ! 8necess>y product ( physical con/itution80 ,! ass]tion 8t a man has ! p[] to *oose h[ he w ?9k10 may be met by ! qu]y--,:58 ,has ! old man1 p>tly deaf1 p>tly bl9d1 ) fail+ memory1 ! p[] to *oose h[ he w ?9k8 ,has ! drunk5 man1 :ile intoxicat$1 ! p[] to *oose h[ he w ?9k8 ,has ! untaught ,norfolk f>m lab\r] ) ,sir ,w4 ,hamilton's 8,philosophy ( ! ,uncondition$0 be=e him1 ! p[] to *oose h[ he w ?9k 9 opposition to or 9 support ( ,c\s9 or ,kant8 ,has ! man to :om ,*ur* ( ,engl& ,*ri/ianity 0 taught z a *ild1 ^: intellect 0 b5t & b\nd :ile yet pliable & sc>ce resi/+1 ^: scope ( inquiry has always be5 re/ra9$ by t l9e :]e reason appli$ becomes blasphemy1 has he ! p[] to *oose :at he w ?9k8 ,let ! wret*$ subt]fuges ) :i* ev5 ?9k]s above ! av]age--z y\r ,essayi/s & ,review]s1 y\r ,dunb> ,hea?s1 y\r ,drs4 ,giles & ,irons1 y\r ,col5sos & y\r ,voyseys--try to reconcile or?odoxy & ,free?\ght1 be exam9$1 & y w h full] answ] ?an any ,i c give4 ,has man ! p[] to *oose h[ he w ?9k8 ,x may be fairly presum$1 t "u ! words 8to ?9k10 ,dr4 ,magee includ$ all phases ( m5tal activity1 p]ception1 recollection ( p]ception1 comp>ison ( p]ception1 judgm5t1 reason1 volition4 ,any ^w by :i* any condition ( m5tal activity c\ld be fairly describ$ is1 ,i take leave to submit1 includ$ by ,dr4 ,magee "u ! head ( 8?\ght40 ,b is x true t a man c *oose 8 p]ceptions8 ,are !y n fir/ limit$ by 8 p]ceptive ability1 &1 next1 by ! range )9 :i* t ability c be ex]cis$1 & its developm5t 9 ex]cise8 ,& if p]ception be compulsory1 if a man _c refuse to p]ceive t :i* is )9 ! range ( 8 ability1 if he _c elect to p]ceive t :i* is n )9 its range1 !n h[ c ! ?\ght-processes--all relat$ to1 & m or less bas$ ^u1 ! prim>y p]ceptions1 modifi$ or enl>g$ z ^! may aft]w>ds be--h[ c ^! be free8 ,& w ,dr4 ,magee cont5d t a man has ! p[] to *oose :at he w rememb]1 or :at he w =get8 8,*ri/ianity10 says ,dr4 ,magee1 8tea*es t man is free1 & t]ribly free1 to w 8 own belief20 b ! t5? article ( ,dr4 ,magee's own ,*ur*1 an article :i* b9ds him 9 ?is argum5t1 decl>es t 8,! condition ( man aft] ! fall ( ,adam is su*1 t he _c turn & prep>e himself1 by 8 own natural /r5g? & good works1 to fai? & call+ ^u ,god20 nay1 ! v ,litany 9 :i* ! ,"l ,bi%op took "p proce$s on ! assumption t all are mis]able s9n]s1 :o may desire to escape1 b _c escape1 f s9 )\t ,god's help4 ,& ! n9? article ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& positively decl>es t e man 8is ( 8 own nature incl9$ to evil1 s t ! fle% always lu/e? contr>y to ! _s40 8,:]e !re is absolute fre$om10 says my ,"l ,bi%op ( ,pet]bor\gh1 8!re _c be au?ority40 ,b man is absolutely1 8t]ribly free0 to *oose 8 belief1 !re=e ?is is a subject ^u :i* ,god c h no au?ority4 ,?is is a po9t ^u :i* ! p[] ( ! ,omnipot5t is limit$4 ,?is be+ mon/r\sly absurd1 x 0 natural t ! acute advocate = a fall+ ,*ur* %\ld make "s ef=t to retreat ) ! hon\rs ( w>1 & he1 admitt+ ! difficulty 9 religion1 says t y f9d precisely ! same difficulty 9 politics 9 fact1 & 9 law1 m$ic9e1 & morality1 z to op9ion4 ,argum5ts f analogy are dang]\s at be/1 b "h !re is no analogy4 ,dr4 ,magee %\ld at lea/ read ! 8,contrat ,social0 ( ,jean ,jacques ,r\sseau1 & ! exhau/ive essay on ,lib]ty by ,john ,/u>t ,mill4 ,no "o b a madman w\ld cont5d 9 politics ei!r = ! absolute lib]ty ( ! individual1 or = ! absolute supremacy ( au?ority4 ,ev5 ,guizot's views ( gov]nm5t might h sav$ ,bi%op ,magee f an illu/ration s faulty4 ,& z to ! op9ions on law & m$ic9e :i* we receive submissively f lawy] & doctor1 _! au?ority is usually ! measure ( our ignorance4 ,we swall[ ! drugs ( ,dr4 ,pangloss1 & b[ to ! dictum ( ,ju/ice ,%all[1 x is true2 b ! m we "k ( physiology1 ! m we le>n ( jurisprud5ce1 ! less is our acquiesc5ce a m]e submission to au?ority4 ,z to s mu* ( ! ,bi%op's s]mon z deals ) ! au?ority ( revelation & miracles1 & :i* 9 effect decl>es t1 on ! au?ority ( a revelation n made to me1 ,i may be requir$ to believe 9 ,jesus ,*ri/ z ! 8only son0 ( ,god1 :ile t v revelation tells me t ,god _h m ?an "o son--7,job i4 #f1 ii4 #a7--;& :i* on ! au?ority ( miracles disbeliev$ by ! mass ( ! p :o are suppos$ to h se5 !m1 requires me to believe t ,jesus1 8v ,god ( v ,god10 hav+ desc5d$ into hell1 aft]w>ds asc5d$ into heav5 ) 88 body1 fle%1 & bones1 & all ?+s app]ta9+ to man's nature10 & !re sits at ! "r h& ( ,god--7,article f\r & ,nic5e ,cre$7--my answ] is a v simple "o4 ,! ,bi%op's decl>ation t "h no tyranny is attempt$ ov] ,free?\ght is n a fair & hone/ decl>ation4 ,! revelation does n submit its pro( to ,free?\ght1 b1 on ! contr>y1 my ,"l ,bi%op ( ,pet]bor\gh1 z ! spokesman ( 8 ,*ur*1 is b\nd to tell u 9 ! words ( 8 own horrible cre$1 t ! man :o w n submit to ackn[l$ge ! dogmas ( 8 ,*ur*1 )\t d\bt %all p]i% ev]la/+ly4 ,:5 ! ,bi%op says t m5 are cont9ually submitt+ to au?ority1 & t if !y did n !y w\ld nev] le>n any?+1 he is woefully inaccurate 9 8 analogy4 ,x is p]fectly true t ,humboldt1 ,lyell1 ,huxley1 ,d>w91 ,lewes1 ,sp5c]1 ,mill1 & su* m5's names are names ( au?ority1 & t our exp]i5ce is supplem5t$ & aid$ by ! record$ exp]i5ces ( su* m54 ,b our confid5ce is n an unlimit$ "o1 _! au?ority is n supreme4 ,x is limit$ by ! measure ( our own exp]i5ce 9 ! fir/ place1 & by our acqua9tance ) ! exp]i5ce ( o!r m5 ?an ^! 9 ! next2 bo? ( ^!1 too1 modifi$ & affect$ by our g5]al intellectual ability4 ,b all t our sci5tific tea*]s say is1 ,we h le>n$ su* & su* ?+s1 we le>n$ !m 9 su* a fa%ion1 y may if y h leisure & means v]ify our exp]im5ts1 we %[ y ! road we h travell$1 we h mapp$ & scal$ x = y4 ,b 9 religion !re is no su* tea*+1 ! au?ority ( ! ,*ur* dom9ates1 d5ies1 & annihilates exp]i5ce ) a gravey>d resurrection = lack ( liv+ v]ification4 ,no?+ c\ld m fitt+ly be d5\nc$ z a trick ( pulpit advocacy _h x come f ! m\? ( any o!r man1 ?an ! supposition ( an impossible ev5t 9 a gravey>d z evid5ce on "s equally impossible doctr9e4 ,x w\ld be f> m natural 9 ?\ght to suppose deception 9 ! alleg$ gravey>d conjur+1 ?an to suppose any?+ else4 ,= decompos+ bodies1 fle%less skeletons1 =ms 9 :i* ! vital organisation _h be5 de/roy$1 & disappe>+ = days1 weeks1 mon?s1 or ye>s1 to sudd5ly break ?r\gh c(f9s1 :i* liv+ !y w\ld h be5 unable to bur/1 to get ?r\gh a sup]9cumb5t mass ( e>?1 & to /& out 9 fle%1 alive1 ! blood circulat+ ?r\gh newly manufactur$ ve9s--a man :o saw ?is in/ead ( cry+ 8,a miracle10 _h f> bett] believe himself subject to delirium1 & make 8 /raightway to ! ne>e/ physician = m$ic9e to cool 8 disord]$ bra94 ,b ! ,bi%op's case is weak] /ill2 8 gravey>d op5$ #ahjj ye>s ago1 ! m5 :o saw x h ev] reject$ x1 & we :o h n ev5 se5 x are requir$ to believe x1 & are told1 t 9 ?is !re is no tyranny ov] our ?\ght4 ,:5 ! ,bi%op talks ( ! 8s\lless & m]ciless ma*9]y ( law10 & decl>es t 8!re are no laws s m]ciless z ^? ( nature10 we mu/ n =get t by ! v t]ms ( 8 s]mon1 & by ! cre$ ( 8 ,*ur*1 he ass]ts all law z ! expression ( ! 8p]sonal w0 ( ,deity2 & ! s\lless & m]ciless law is1 accord+ to ! ,"l ,bi%op ( ,pet]bor\gh1 ! manife/$ w ( ! m]ciful ,god :o is inf9ite s\l & love4 ,read+ to u a portion ( ! ,apo/les' ,cre$1 ,dr4 ,magee said1 ,all ^! are ass]tions ( facts1 & 8y are b\nd to ?9k "r ab\t !m "u p5alties10 b n m s ?an ab\t o!r alleg$ matt]s ( fact4 ,?is is untrue4 ,:at o!r alleg$ matt]s ( fact are m5 requir$ to believe "u ,act ( ,p>liam5t8 ,:at o!r alleg$ facts are !re :i* if a man d5y he may be s5t to gaol1 lose civil rights1 be d5i$ ! gu>dian%ip ( 8 *ildr51 & be made an outlaw 9 ! ,/ate8 ,:]e ( an alleg$ fact 9 a/ronomy or geology is y\r inve/igation prefac$ ) ! decl>ation t if y d5y x y %all be s5t to a bottomless pit fill$ ) brim/one & fire1 & prep>$ = ! ,devil & 8 angels8 ,,second ,,disc\rse ,,( ,,! ,,bi%op ,,( ,,pet]bor\gh4 ,,*ri/ianity ,,& ,,scepticism4 ,,on ,w$nesday ev5+1 ,m>* #bi?1 ! ,bi%op ( ,pet]bor\gh prea*$ 8 second s]mon1 on 8,*ri/ianity & ,scepticism10 be=e a l>ge congregation 9 ! nave ( ! ,ca!dral1 ,norwi*4 ,8 text 0 f ! ,gospel accord+ to ,/4 ,john1 xx4 #be3-- 8,! o!r disciples !re=e said unto him1 ,we h se5 ! ,"l4 ,b he said unto !m1 ,except ,i %all see 9 8 h&s ! pr9t ( ! nails1 & put my f+] into ! pr9t ( ! nails1 & ?ru/ my h& into 8 side1 ,i w n believe40 ,8 ,lord%ip said3 ,my subject to-night is 8,*ri/ianity1 & ,scepticism10 & ,i h *os5 = my text ^! words ( a sceptic1 = z su* ,/4 ,?omas has be5 reg>d$4 ,8 "n has become prov]bial 9 ,*ur* hi/ory = unbelief4 ,among ! diff]5t *>act]s t surr\nd our ,"l 9 ! ,gospel /ory1 he has be5 reg>d$ z ! type ( ! d\bt]1 & he is kn[n z ! d\bt+ or ! unbeliev+ ,?omas4 ,& yet at fir/ sight we h>dly see t he %\ld be s call$4 ,x is q true t he did d\bt1 & yet 8 d\bt does n at fir/ sight seem to be unreasonable1 or s v ob/9ate t he %\ld be call$ by way ( di/9ction1 ! d\bt]1 ! unbeliev]4 ,x 0 n unreasonable4 ,on ! contr>y1 x 0 reasonable & natural t he %\ld feel "s d\bt ab\t ! resurrection ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,o!rs _h d\bts z well z he1 & !y 7 call$ fools & sl[ ( he>t to believe1 & yet !y did n inh]it ! "n ( ! d\bt]s4 ,aga91 8 disbelief 0 n ( a v ob/9ate k9d4 ,x seem$ to h yield$ almo/ in/antane\sly2 & almo/ imm$iately aft] he 0 satisfi$1 he said m ?an o!rs ( ! disciples1 = he said 8,my ,"l & my ,god40 ,he n only ackn[l$g$ ! resurrection ( ,jesus1 b 8 div9ity1 & yet he is call$ ,?omas ! d\bt]1 ! sceptic1 & he is rightly s call$4 ,! ,*ri/ian consci\sness did n err :5 x gave ! "n1 because :5 he utt]$ ! words :i* ,i h j read to y1 8,except ,i see ,i w n believe10 he utt]$ t :i* is ! v ess5ce ( scepticism4 ,he susp5d$ 8 belief ^u an absolutely impossible condition4 ,he decl>$ t he w\ld n give 8 ass5t except on ?is condition1 t x %\ld be made absolutely impossible = him to d\bt4 ,:at he said to 8 bro!r disciples am\nts to ?is3--8,y tell me t y h se5 ! ,"l1 b ,i _c believe y4 ,x does n matt] to me h[ /rong y\r te/imony may be1 or h[ tru?ful ,i believe y to be1 ,i w n be satisfi$ till ,i see x = myself4 ,i w n accept ( any te/imony b t ( my own s5ses40 ,he said 8 ass5t 0 only to be _h by absolute demon/ration1 & its be+ made impossible = him to h any d\bt4 ,i say ! condition makes all belief absolutely impossible4 ,belief1 9 ! prop] s5se ( ! ^w1 is ass5t on an am\nt ( tru/4 ,if we h absolute demon/ration ( any?+1 ! result is n belief at all1 x is demon/ration4 ,:at we see ) ! eyes ( our body or m9d1 we don't prop]ly believe 94 ,we "k x4 ,we h ! c]ta9ty1 n ( fai?1 b ( sci5ce1 & :]e d\bt is impossible1 belief or fai? is impossible4 ,y may h c]ta9ty1 b x w be ! c]ta9ty ( k1 x w n be ! c]ta9ty ( fai?4 ,x is q cle> t if any man makes x a condition ( 8 ass5t to tru? ( any k9d1 t x mu/ fir/ be demon/rat$ to him z cle> z t two & two make f\r2 x is cle> t is if !re be any class ( tru?s :i* _c be s prov$ z t two & two make f\r1 ! man :o makes t pro( or demon/ration a condition ( 8 ass5t1 mu/ always be 9 d\bt ab\t ^? tru?s1 or t class ( tru?s2 he mu/ always 9 respect ( !m be a sceptic or d\bt]4 ,aga91 "o /ep fur!r1 x is cle> t religion or ,*ri/ianity is a tru?1 or class ( tru?s t _c be demon/rat$ sci5tifically4 ,we _c prove t !re is a ,god1 9 ! same way t we c prove t two & two make f\r4 ,we _c d ?is1 because ! idea ( ,god is t he is invisible to u4 ,! fir/ utt]ance ( religion is ?is3 ,i believe 9 :at ,i _c see1 ,i believe 9 an invisible ,god4 ,cle>ly he t says1 ,i don't believe any?+ ,i d n see1 mu/ be a sceptic or d\bt] ab\t ! tru? ( religion2 & !re=e x comes to pass1 t ?\gh religion is by no means ! only subject1 or ! only collection ( tru?s t _c be demon/rat$1 x is ! pr9cipal "o1 & x has come to pass t ?\gh !re are sceptics on o!r subjects1 yet = ?is reason a sceptic is und]/ood to be a man :o d\bts ab\t religi\s subjects2 a man :o w n believe all ! tru?s ( ,*ri/ianity1 because !y _c be demon/rat$ to him 9 ! way he ?9ks !y %\ld be demon/rat$4 ,y see n[ :at a sceptic is1 & :at scepticism1 is4 ,by ! ^w sceptic we mean a disbeliev] 9 ! tru?s ( religion4 ,a man may disbelieve "s ( ! tru?s ( religion & n be a sceptic4 ,a ,jew does n believe 9 ,*ri/ianity1 b he is n a sceptic4 ,x is because he believes 9 ,moses t he does n believe 9 ,*ri/4 ,we don't call ! ,pan!i/s or ! ,dei/s sceptics1 because !y h a fix$ belief4 ,"s ( _! beliefs ,i ?9k mon/r\s2 !y make a great] dem& on fai? ?an ^? d :o believe 9 religion4 ,i ?9k ! man :o says !re is no ,god mu/ believe m contradictions ?an ! man :o says !re is a ,god4 ,he has a p]fectly mon/r\s cre$1 b x is a cre$4 ,he is n s mu* a disbeliev] z a misbeliev]1 = he believes 9 some?+ else ?an ,god4 ,aga91 we don't call a d\bt] a sceptic2 a sceptic is a d\bt]1 b ! d\bt] is n necess>ily a sceptic4 ,a man may d\bt ( ! tru?s ( religion1 only because he has n _h evid5ce ( ! prop] k9d4 ,a sceptic asks = evid5ce ( an unreasonable k9d4 ,a man may d\bt ! tru? ( any ass]tion 9 hi/ory2 he may ?9k t all ! hi/orians or witnesses ( ! facts are untru?ful or ill in=m$1 ,i %\ld n call t man a sceptic2 b if a man said1 ,i don't believe ! facts y allege 9 hi/ory1 because ,i d5y all human te/imony2 y _c d5y t ^! m5 liv$ "s "t s9ce1 & t !y may h be5 li>s2 y _c give me pro( to ! contr>y3 t man ,i %\ld call a sceptic1 because 9 matt]s hi/orical he 0 dem&+ an unreasonable am\nt ( evid5ce4 ,x is n d\bt nor unbelief t makes ! diff]5ce z to ! sceptic4 ,! sceptic is n su* because he d\bts1 b on acc\nt ( ! reason ( 8 d\bt4 ,he seeks = evid5ce t x is n prop] or reasonable t he %\ld h4 ,n[ ,i h %[n y t !re may be d\bt )\t scepticism2 & on ! o!r h&1 !re may be belief1 or at lea/ ass5t1 ^u sceptical pr9ciples4 ,x is q possible t a man may be firmly p]suad$ ( "s ( ! tru?s ( religion1 & yet be 9 he>t a sceptic4 ,if a man 7 to say ,i _c believe 9 ! exi/5ce ( a ,god till ,i h x demon/rat$ to me z cle> z t ! ?ree angles ( a triangle are equal to two "r angles1 !n he is 9 pr9ciple a sceptic1 because x is cle> t if he c\ld n h t sort ( pro(1 he w\ld beg9 to d\bt ( ! exi/5ce ( ,god4 ,all ! "t 8 ass5t to ! exi/5ce ( ,god w\ld n h re/$ ^u any fai? or tru/1 b ^u demon/ration4 ,b :5 ! idea ( ,god ceas$ to be a sci5tific c]ta9ty1 x is cle> t he w\ld be 9 he>t a sceptic4 ,& !re is no d\bt t ! fir/ belief ( ! apo/le ,?omas 0 r5d]$ ^u sceptical pr9ciples4 ,he said1 ,i w n believe till ,i put my f+] 9 ! pr9t ( ! nails1 c41 z if he _h said1 ,i w believe no?+ b ! evid5ce ( my own s5ses4 ,he believ$ only because he got ?is evid5ce ( 8 s5ses2 & m>k ?is1 :5 our ,"l gave him :at he ask$1 he pron\nc$ no praise on 8 belief2 he did n say to him z he said to ano!r1 8,bless$ art ?\1 ,simon ,b>jonas1 = fle% & blood has n reveal$ ?is to !e20 b fle% & blood _h reveal$ ! fact to ,?omas1 & our ,"l said1 8,bless$ are !y t h n se51 & yet h believ$40 ,?us x is possible to d\bt )\t be+ sceptical1 & x is possible to ass5t1 & to be /ill sceptical4 ,i want y to dwell on ?is po9t ( belief1 d\bt1 & sceptical belief1 because !re are c]ta9 ?+s t ,i am go+ to po9t out 9 ?is way4 ,i ask y to te/ = y\rselves :at ,i am n[ go+ to say1 & try ! effect ^u y\r own feel+s4 ,we _c demon/rate ,*ri/ianity4 ,x is utt]ly impossible t ,i c give y a demon/ration ( ,*ri/ianity1 su* z w leave no possible room = d\bt or "q4 ,:5 ^? :o h to foll[ me h said all !y h to say2 :5 !y h put be=e y all ! evid5ces ( ,*ri/ianity 9 all _! fulness & v>iety2 :5 !y h %[n h[ mu* m reasonable x is to believe ?an to disbelieve1 h[ _m m difficulties !re are 9 ! way ( disbelief ?an ( belief2 :5 all ?is is done1 !re may /ill be a d\bt on y\r m9ds2 !re w be que/ions t _c be answ]$1 !re w be difficulties t _c be expla9$1 & :i* no liv+ man c expla94 ,we c give ! highe/ degree ( evid5ce1 %ort ( demon/ration1 = belief 9 ,*ri/1 b we _c demon/rate ,*ri/ianity4 ,n[ :at effect has t ann\ncem5t on y\r he>ts8 ,possibly y h he>d x ) "s disappo9tm5t4 ,y may h come to he> ^! s]mons1 expect+ to h all y\r d\bts remov$4 ,y may say1 8,i ?\ght y 7 go+ to answ] all ! que/ions ) ma!matical c]ta9ty40 ,our answ] is1 ,if we c\ld prove ) z mu* c]ta9ty t !re is a ,god z t two & two make f\r1 or z t ?is is a book hold+ x up1 !n our religion w\ld d y z mu* good z ! k t two & two make f\r4 ,we w\ld n 9 t case cultivate ! quality ( fai? 9 y\r s\ls1 9 spite ( difficulties & d\bts4 ,we _c demon/rate ,*ri/ianity1 b we c give suffici5t reason = our belief 9 x1 9 spite ( d\bt4 ,:at we h to say is ?is1 t ! evid5ces ( ,*ri/ianity are weapons to put 9 ! h&s ( e "o ( y1 ) :i* e man & woman may fight out 9 8 or h] inn]mo/ s\l ! desolat+ & besieg+ d\bt t f "t to "t w assault x4 ,?is is ! real object ( evid5ces ( fai?1 b !y are n meant to be ! outly+ works ( ! citadel ( ! s\l outside ( :i* ! enemy is compell$ to keep4 ,! %ield ( fai? 9 ,god y h to c>ry on y\r own arm1 & ) x qu5* all ! fi]y d>ts ( ! wick$ "o4 ,?\gh y\r own arm tremble1 y mu/ c>ry x to repel ! d>ts t are aim$ at y\r own he>t4 ,!re is ano!r ^w ( com=t we h to give y ! really di/ress$ d\bt]4 ,*ri/ianity does n repel ! d\bt] :o says1 ,i believe1 ,"l help my unbelief4 ,:at ,*ri/ianity is intol]ant ( is n d\bt1 b ! _s ( d\bt1 n unbelief1 b ! dem& = unreasonable1 impossible conditions ( belief4 ,we don't tell y to /amp out e d\bt be=e y c become a ,*ri/ian4 ,we say if y believe b "o po9t1 y may come to believe all ! re/1 & our message to y is1 we>y z y may be ( ! load ( d\bt1 ! same z t ( ! ,savi\r :o said 8,come unto me all y t are we>y & heavy lad510 & y w f9d re/ to y\r s\ls4 ,& n[ ,i h cle>ly expla9$ ! diff]5ce betwe5 ,*ri/ianity & ,scepticism4 ,let u briefly sum up aga9 & %[ ! po9ts ( collision betwe5 ,scepticism & ,*ri/ianity4 ,we saw la/ night t ! "q betwe5 ,*ri/ianity & ,free?\ght 0 a dispute z to ! nature ( lib]ty1 s ! "q betwe5 ,*ri/ianity & ,scepticism is a dispute z to ! nature ( c]ta9ty4 ,*ri/ianity (f]s & gives c]ta9ty 9 ! end2 ,scepticism dem&s c]ta9ty4 ,b ! c]ta9ty ( ,*ri/ianity is p>tly ! c]ta9ty ( reason & p>tly ( fai? & ( exp]i5ce4 ,! c]ta9ty dem&$ by ,scepticism is ! c]ta9ty ( sci5ce only4 ,! mo/ extreme ( unbeliev]s w admit t !re is some?+ to be said = ,*ri/ianity2 & t x is n unwor?y ( a he>+ z reg>ds its evid5ces4 ,! m5 :o h believ$ 9 ,*ri/ianity = ! la/ #ahjj ye>s1 h n be5 ! greate/ fools 9 ! _w4 ,liebnitz & ,butl] 7 n drivell]s1 & n ^? only1 b hundr$s & ?\s&s ( ! greate/ intellects t humanity has produc$4 ,!y 7 n su* utt] fools t any man is entitl$ to dismiss ,*ri/ianity ) a wave ( 8 h&4 ,on ! o!r h&1 e reasonable ,*ri/ian w admit t !re is some?+ fair & reasonable 9 "s ( ! objections to ,*ri/ianity4 ,b ! ,*ri/ian says to ! sceptic1 ,x is unreasonable 9 y to ask t e difficulty %\ld be got rid ( & e "q answ]$ be=e y believe 9 ,*ri/ianity4 ,! sceptic replies1 ,x is unreasonable 9 y to ask me to believe 9 ,*ri/ianity till y h remov$ e d\bt4 ,i w ask y :i* is ! reasonable dem&--! dem& ( ! ,*ri/ian = fai? ^u probable evid5ce1 or ! dem& ( ! sceptic = ass5t only ^u sci5tific demon/ration8 ,n[ 9 ord] to argue x fairly & )\t passion or prejudice1 let u pass f ! subject ( religi\s d\bt & let u consid] ! case ( d\bt 9 o!r matt]s ?an religion2 we all "k t m5 h d\bt$ 9 o!r subjects4 ,try !n to recall to y\r m9ds ! fir/ d\bt2 x 0 only a little lat] ?an ! fir/ belief4 ,! fir/ in/9ct ( ! *ild is to believe ev]y?+1 t ev]y?+ he sees & he>s is true4 ,all appe>ances to ! *ild are realities4 ,! sun is to him a ball ( fire t climbs up ! sky1 ! />s are little specks ( light t %9e at night4 ,! e>? is a flat pla94 ,v soon ! *ild le>ns ! fir/ great lesson ( d\bt1 le>ns t ?+s are n :at !y appe> to be1 le>ns to di/ru/ appe>ances1 le>ns t "u ! appe>ances !re is a reality4 ,he gets 8 fir/ tea*+ f d\bt1 & all-important is ! in/9ct ( d\bt4 ,v soon is ! awak5+ ( ! sceptical "p ( ! m5tal nature ( man1 ( 8 und]/&+4 ,! nature ( ! und]/&+ is ev] to ask1 ,:at & :y8 ,! _s ( d\bt leads ! man f "q to "q1 f /ep to /ep1 till he gets answ]s to 8 que/ions2 he goes on f d\bt to belief1 & f belief to d\bt1 & s on to great] k4 ,?us d\bt is ! means ( k1 ! in/rum5t ( discov]y4 ,)\t ! in/9ct ( d\bt humanity w\ld be /agnant2 ) x alone humanity progresses4 ,i d n disp>age d\bt1 ,i highly value x2 b d\bt is useful on "o condition1 & "o only1 t x />ts f a fir/ belief4 ,:at is ! cause ( all ?is d\bt & pursuit ( k8 ,! supreme in/9ctive belief1 t "u all appe>ances !re is a reality1 t some?+ und]lies & causes all be+2 & x is ! se>* = ?is ess5ce ( exi/5ce t leads ! d\bt] on1 ! se>* ( ?is ,i am4 ,if he _h no fai? 9 "s und]ly+ reality b5ea? ^! ph5om5a1 !re w\ld be no progress1 & s d\bt is ev] seek+ = t :i* is bel[ :at appe>s1 & yet nev] rea*es x4 ,nev] yet has sci5ce rea*$ to ! great reason ( all reasons1 to ! great cause ( all causes1 t und]lies all k2 & yet ev] z we seek = x we are advanc+ 9 k4 ,we d n rea* x1 b are ev] rea*+ & pass+ on1 ?r\gh t :i* lies betwe5 u & x4 ,d\bt is l ! ma9spr+ ( a wat*1 x is ev] seek+ to uncoil itself & yet nev] entirely do+ s4 ,! result is t ! h&s ( ! wat* move uni=mly because !re is an atta*m5t ( ! ma9spr+4 ,cut ! atta*m5t1 & ! h&s w give "o wild :irl & all w be /ill1 & ! wat* useless4 ,x is j ! same ) d\bt & fai?4 ,d\bt is atta*$ to ! prim>y belief t !re is a cause ( all ?+s1 b x is ev] seek+ to deta* itself f t belief & nev] succe$s4 ,! consequ5ce is1 t !re is a con/ant & measur$ progress ( ! human m9d4 ,b we h to consid] h[ mu* fur!r ! intellect :i* has ?us be5 ! rule & te/ ( our belief might g4 ,a *ild n only believes 9 appe>ances or facts1 b he has an in/9ctive belief 9 ! tru?fulness ( humanity4 ,! *ild has n le>n$ t x is n wise to believe ev]y?+ t is said to him4 ,0 t a happy discov]y8 ,%\ld we tell a *ild n to believe ! ^w ( any human be+ until he _h demon/ration ab\t x8 ,is x wisdom always to di/ru/ human nature8 ,we are always tru/+4 ,give a logical pro( t we are "r 9 any ( our tru/s4 ,a wife may be false1 a *ild may hate its p>5ts1 & a man may be robb$ by a fri5d or a confid5tial s]vant2 yet are we to di/ru/ ev]ybody8 ,if a man 7 n to tru/ any "o till x 0 prov$ by demon/ration t he ought to d s1 he w\ld be put 9 a lunatic asylum2 & rightly s1 z a man "o "p ( ^: nature _h got diseas$ & _h ma/]$ all ! o!r p>ts ( 8 nature4 ,i defy any "o to say logically t ! man may n be "r1 or to give a logical demon/ration t x is absolutely impossible t 8 wife1 *ildr51 & fri5d 7 n 9 a conspiracy to wrong him4 ,!re is ?us an absolute necessity = tru/ 9 ! ord9>y affairs ( life1 ,i hope y w see t life mu/ be conduct$ on ! pr9ciple ( fai? or tru/4 ,let u ask if morality c exi/ )\t fai? or tru/1 :e!r we c get a demon/rative or sci5tific basis = morality itself8 ,i ask ?is1 because ^? :o ask = ! de/ruction ( our religion talk ( ! ga9 to morality4 ,!y say1 ,sweep away ! influ5ces ( religion & morality w be /rong]4 ,let u see h[ morality w be> ! assaults ( scepticism4 ,morality is t code or rule ( action :i* we foll[ 9 que/ions ( "r or wrong1 or x is t code ( "r & wrong :i* e man adopts = himself4 ,to take ! fir/ def9ition4 ,h we got ! univ]sal s5se ( humanity ^u any moral "q ( "r or wrong8 ,if ! majority ( mank9d agree ) u1 c we prove logically t !y mu/ always be "r & ! m9ority wrong8 ,aga91 :i* morality w we h--t ( to-day or t ( a pa/ g5]ation8 ,if we _c settle ! "q by majority or m9ority1 h[ are we to settle x8 ,by ask+ ! op9ion ( ! wise & good4 ,be=e we "k ! wise & good we mu/ "k :at wisdom & goodness are2 & if we "k :at !y are1 :at ne$ h we to look to ! wise & good to tell u8 ,:o are ! wise & good8 ,^? :o gave good op9ions4 ,is t logical8 ,w x /& sceptical inquiry8 ,if x is n to be settl$ by ! appeal to ! univ]sal voice ( humanity--:i* is simply illogical & prepo/]\s1 = ?is reason1 t we are "p ( univ]sal humanity1 & if we diff] f t v]dict x is n ! v]dict ( univ]sal humanity1 & if we agree ) x1 we might z well h tak5 our own 9 ! fir/ in/ance--!n man mu/ decide = himself :at is "r & wrong4 ,:at is x decides 9 a man :at is "r or wrong8 ,consci5ce4 ,:y mu/ a man submit to ! decision ( 8 own consci5ce8 ,we are told t x is "p ( our moral nature4 ,:at demon/ration is !re t "o "p ( our nature is to yield to ano!r8 ,h we any logical demon/ration z to :at we are8 ,i h a sci5tific demon/ration t ,i am made ( c>bon1 lime1 phosphate1 & c]ta9 o!r *emicals1 b no man ( sci5ce has ev] demon/rat$ _s or consci5ce4 ,:y is x t a man is to obey ! bidd+ ( "o convolution ( 8 bra9 m ?an ano!r8 ,x _c be made z cle> z t two & two make f\r1 t a man is to d to ano!r man z he w\ld be done unto4 ,duty & "r are words ( ! _s1 ( ! s\l1 b sci5ce & logic nev] yet reveal$ ! s\l4 ,!re=e ! man :o w believe no?+ b :at c be demon/rat$ to him1 w d5y at la/ ! obligation ( duty 9 ob$i5ce to 8 sceptical intellect1 j z he began ) d5y+ ! exi/5ce ( ,god4 ,h[ does he get out ( ?is great difficulty8 ,by call+ up ! in/9ct ( fai?4 ,he wills to believe t he is some?+ m ?an a bundle ( mat]ial elem5ts1 t ! consci5ce 9 8 s\l is some?+ supreme & div9e1 t ! man 9 him is some?+ above ! animal2 & by an ex]cise ( fai? 9 8 own high] & bett] self1 he sil5ces ! et]nal :y ( ! sceptical intellect1 ! s]p5t m subtile ?an any o!r bea/ ( ! field1 :i* if x _h its way w\ld make man a bea/4 ,!re is only "o m "q to :i* ,i h to call y\r att5tion4 ,hav+ %[n y t ! sceptical intellect is n ! only judge1 hav+ %[n y t !re are doma9s ( human k & human life into :i*1 if x comes at all1 x mu/ come z ! s]vant & n z ! ma/]2 hav+ %[n y t scepticism is really no?+ else ?an ! intrusion ( ! m]e und]/&+ into ! prov9ce ( ! s\l & ! _s1 x rema9s to ask1 ,is religion1 is ,*ri/ianity1 "o ( ^? subjects on :i* ! und]/&+ is n to be ! only judge1 b on :i* ! _s & s\l & he>t ( man h some?+ to say ab\t 8 belief8 ,surely !n if ,*ri/ianity be :at x pr(esses to be1 a life1 l all human & temporal life1 x mu/ be conduct$ ^u a pr9ciple ( fai? or tru/4 ,if we _c live our ord9>y human life )\t tru/1 :]e we _c h c]ta9ty1 nei!r c we live ! spiritual life )\t tru/1 :]e we c nei!r prove nor demon/rate2 !n if we ?9k ( ?is life 9 close relation%ip ) ! div9e & ! inf9ite life1 c x possibly be o!rwise ?an t out ( ! meet+ place ( ^? two my/]ies !re %all gr[ my/]y & difficulty8 ,all t ,*ri/ianity requires is1 n t man %all n ask = reasonable pro(1 b t we %\ld n deal ) x 9 a diff]5t way f t 9 :i* we deal ) human life & morality4 ,we don't ask y 9 religion to believe )\t evid5ce1 b to require l>ge evid5ce4 ,n[ my fri5ds1 /ill rememb] :5 we ask y to believe be=e y see all1 x is t y may exp]i5ce all4 ,*ri/ianity has a c]ta9ty1 b x comes n z ! pro(1 b z ! rew>d ( fai?4 ,!re is a demon/ration ( ! _s1 an evid5ce ( div9e life1 9 ! s\l ( ! ,*ri/ian1 t he _c demon/rate to o!rs1 because x is z invisible z 8 own s\l & _s1 & yet x fills ! inn] core ( ! _s--x is ! /r5g!n] ( ! _s4 ,*ri/ianity is a great exp]im5t1 a probable exp]im5t1 a reasonable exp]im5t1 b /ill x is an exp]im5t1 & y may try x4 ,if y h a simple & e>ne/ desire to asc]ta9 its tru?1 try x1 ca/+ aside ! trivial int]e/s t ! pr(ligate man has 9 ! dispro( ( x4 ,try x & see if !re does n come into y\r s\l t conviction n creat$ by sci5ce1 b spr++ f ! inn] life ( ! s\l1 t %all be l a well ( wat] spr++ up to ev]la/+ life4 ,z 9 life s 9 religion1 8bless$ are !y t h n se51 & yet h believ$40 ,,second ,,reply ,,( ,,mr4 ,c4 ,,bradlaugh4 ,,*ri/ianity ,,& ,,scepticism4 ,,on ,tuesday ev5+1 ,april #d?1 ,mr4 ,bradlaugh deliv]$ 8 second lecture on 8,*ri/ianity & ,scepticism10 be=e a v cr[d$ audi5ce1 9 ! ,free ,libr>y4 ,he comm5c$ by obs]v+3 ,9 cont9u+ ?is c\rse ( lectures1 ,i naturally foll[ ! same word+ ( ! subjects z t tak5 by ! ,bi%op ( ,pet]bor\gh2 & ,i may say t ^? :o *>ge me ) misquot+ ! ,bi%op1 w probably ?9k diff]5tly :5 ,i say t ,i h tak5 fair pa9s to be accurate 9 my repres5tation4 ,i took c>eful & almo/ v]batim notes1 & ,i hold 9 my h& a transcript ( ! notes ( an indep5d5t %or?& writ]1 & :]e ^! h disagre$1 :i* has be5 v seldom1 ,i h *eck$ !m by s mu* ( ! lecture z appe>$ summ>is$ 9 ! ,daily ,press4 ,x appe>$ to me to be accurate1 & ,i ?9k !re 0 no gr\nd = say+ t ,i misrepres5t$ ! ,bi%op4 ,y :o ?9k s1 _h bett] leave t = him to say1 if he ?9ks x necess>y4 ,he took ! in/ance ( ,?omas z t ( a repres5tative ,sceptic4 ,he 0 good en\gh to tell u t ! unbelief ( ,?omas 0 n unreasonable1 t1 on ! contr>y1 x 0 reasonable & natural t he %\ld feel "s d\bt ab\t ! resurrection ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,i propose to exam9e t position4 ,0 x reasonable t ,?omas %\ld d\bt8 ,?omas 0 a disciple select$ by ,jesus4 ,he _h be5 pres5t at ! :ole ( ! miracles ( ,jesus4 ,if ! ,bi%op's case be true1 he _h se5 ,jesus raise ,laz>us f ! dead1 he _h he>d ,jesus say he came to die1 & to rise aga92 & ,i ask y1 if x 0 reasonable = ,?omas to d\bt aft] he _h se5 a hundr$ miracles p]=m$1 !n h[ mu* m reasonable = me to d\bt8 ,i h nev] se5 any miracles4 ,b1 said ! ,bi%op1 ,?omas is a fair example ( ! ,sceptic1 = ,?omas said1 ,i w n believe unless ,i see1 c4 ,?is1 ! ,bi%op said1 is ! v ess5ce ( scepticism4 ,n[ ,i don't "k :]e my ,"l ,bi%op got 8 notion ( scepticism2 ,i am sure t !re is no writ] on ! side ( ! p>ty :i* p]mits me to speak = x1 :o def9es scepticism 9 t mann]4 ,i h "h ! explanation ( ,buckle1 :i* ,i take z t ( a man occupy+ a position indep5d5t ( ! prejudices atta*+ to my extreme h]esy4 8,by ,scepticism1 ,i m]ely mean h>dness ( belief1 s t an increas$ ,scepticism is an increas$ p]ception ( ! difficulty ( prov+ ass]tions1 or1 9 o!r words1 x is an increas$ application & an increas$ diffusion ( ! laws ( evid5ce4 ,?is feel+ ( hesitation & ( susp5d$ judgm5t1 has 9 e dep>tm5t ( ?\ght be5 ! inv>iable prelim9>y to all ! intellectual revolutions ?r\gh :i* ! human m9d has pass$1 & )\t x !re c\ld be no progress1 no *ange1 no civilisation4 ,9 physics x is ! necess>y precursor ( sci5ce1 9 politics ( lib]ty1 9 !ology ( tol]ation40 ,n[ ,i take leave to say t !re is no sceptical writ]1 nei!r ,hobbes1 nor ,hume1 nor ,locke1 nor ,b]keley1 no sceptical writ] ei!r ^u my own side or ^u ! side ( !ology1 unless y take ! rav+s ( "s wret*$ madman1 :o def9es ,scepticism z my ,"l ,bi%op def9$ x4 ,i say x 0 ei!r a false def9ition )9 ! k ( ! ,bi%op1 or t ,dr4 ,magee 0 imp]fectly acqua9t$ ) ! views he propos$ to answ]4 ,! def9ition conveys a false notion ( ,scepticism1 :i* is really b a ^w = inve/igation4 ,! ,bi%op draws a di/9ction1 & a correct di/9ction1 betwe5 k & belief1 & 9 t v di/9ction he annihilat$ 8 own def9ition ( ,scepticism4 ,he said1 & rightly1 ,:5 once ! s5ses h tak5 cognizance ( any ph5om5on1 t is no long] a matt] ( belief b a matt] ( k4 ,if ,i s5sate any condition ( exi/5ce1 ,i h pass$ ! /age ( belief & arriv$ at ! /age ( k4 ,i n[ come to a m>vell\s position--m>vell\s z advanc$ by a bi%op--viz41 t religion or ,*ri/ianity mu/ be tak5 z incapable ( sci5tific demon/ration2 because1 if t be true1 :at becomes ( ! argum5ts ( ! ,paleys1 ( ! ,pye ,smi?s1 & ( ! ,gillespies8 ,are ! volumes ( pro(s ( ! exi/5ce ( ,deity all wa/e pap]8 ,:at becomes ( ! huge mass ye>ly issu$ f ! press to prove ! tru? ( ,*ri/ianity8 ,i take x t 9 ! op9ion ( ! ,bi%op e "o ( ^! has hi!rto fail$1 = he says we _c demon/rate ! exi/5ce ( a ,deity or ! tru? ( ! ,*ri/ian religion s z to leave no d\bt4 ,a demon/ration s complete t x leaves no d\bt1 is admitt$ to be impossible2 t is an admission = :i* ,i ?ank ! ,"l ,bi%op1 because x is a ju/ification to d\bt]s4 ,we h two admissions1 "o t ! d\bt ( ,?omas is a reasonable d\bt1 & ano!r1 t ,*ri/ianity "u no circum/ances c be r5d]$ free f d\bt4 ,i w ?ank y to be> ^? two positions 9 m9d4 ,! ,bi%op says we _c demon/rate ! exi/5ce ( ,god1 & ,i am incl9$ to accept 8 position1 b he gives reasons ( ! /range/ description to ju/ify 8 conclusions4 ,he says we _c prove ! exi/5ce ( ,god because he is invisible4 ,does ! ,bi%op mean t only ! ?+s cognis$ by sight c be prov$8 ,is x true t he believes 9 an invisible ,god8 ,:at say ! ,?irty-n9e ,articles ( ! ,*ur*8 ,!y say t ,jesus1 ) body1 fle%1 & bones1 asc5d$ to heav54 ,7 ^! invisible8 ,! ,bi%op believes :at is pictur$ 9 ! ,bible4 ,does ! ,bible tea* an invisible ,god8 ,we read 9 ! tw5ty-f\r? *apt] ( ,exodus1 #i1 #aj1 #aa3 8,!n w5t up ,moses1 & ,a>on1 ,nadab1 & ,abihu1 & sev5ty ( ! eld]s ( ,israel2 & !y saw ! ,god ( ,israel2 & !re 0 "u 8 feet z x 7 a pav$ "w ( a sapphire /one1 & z x 7 ! body ( heav5 9 8 cle>ness4 ,& ^u ! nobles ( ! *ildr5 ( ,israel he laid n 8 h&2 also !y saw ,god1 & did eat & dr9k40 ,i want to "k if ?is ,god is an invisible ,god8 ,i want to "k :e!r ! ,bi%op is on ?is po9t an infidel1 & :e!r he "h disbelieves ! ,bible8 ,! ,bible says t ,god is n invisible4 ,:i* are we to believe8--! ,bi%op1 ! ,bible1 or ! ,?irty-n9e ,articles8 ,we are =bidd5 to d5y ei!r ! ,bible or ! ,?irty-n9e ,articles "u p5alty ( prosecution4 ,! ,bi%op said a ,jew is n a sceptic1 & ! reason giv5 is c]ta9ly equally a m>vell\s "o1 = he said ! ,jew believes 9 ,moses1 & !re=e _c believe 9 ,jesus4 ,is x logical t any body :o believes 9 ,moses _c believe 9 ,jesus8 ,surely ! ,bi%op contradict$ himself1 = x is to ,moses & ! prophets he appeals4 ,x is n true1 ev5 f ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& /&-po9t1 t a man disbelieves 9 ,jesus because he believes 9 ,moses4 ,x is n true t if ,i believe 9 ! au!nticity ( ! ,p5tateu*1 x necess>ily excludes my belief 9 ! ,gospel1 & yet ?is is ! reason+ indulg$ 9 by ! able & le>n$ confut] ( mod]n infidelity4 ,! ,bi%op said t ! ,dei/ & ! ,pan!i/ are n sceptics1 = !y h a belief1 nor1 he said1 are ev5 ^? sceptics :o say !re is no ,god4 ,i nev] read1 except 9 tracts & s]mons1 & religi\s essays1 ( any :o say !re is no ,god4 ,"s p]sons talk ab\t ! fools :o say !re is no ,god1 & bi%ops prea* aga9/ !m1 b an ,a!i/ does n say !re is no ,god4 ,! ,a!i/ says ! t]m 8,god0 conveys no idea to 8 m9d4 ,i h nev] yet he>d a def9ition ( ,god f any liv+ man1 nor h ,i read a def9ition by dead or liv+ man t 0 n self-contradictory4 ,i don't d5y ! ^w 8,god10 because ,i don't "k any?+ ab\t its mean+4 ,d5ial l affirmation mu/ ref] to "s proposition t is und]/ood4 ,b ! mom5t y tell me y mean ! ,god ( ! ,bible1 or ! ,god ( ! ,koran1 or ! ,god ( any p>ticul> *ur*1 ,i am prep>$ to tell y t ,i d5y t ,god4 ,s long z ! t]m means y\r abs5ce ( k z to p>ticul> ph5om5a1 & repres5ts ! undiscov]$1 ,i am n 8fool0 en\gh to say !re is no ,god2 & ,i say ! ,bi%op %\ld h kn[n t no mod]n ,a!i/ ev] prop\nd$ su* a proposition to any "o4 ,x is :5 y tell me ( ,god di/9ct f ! univ]se1 creat+ ! univ]se diff]5t f himself1 & add+ to 8 own exi/5ce1 t ,i am compell$ to d5y t ,god4 ,! ,bi%op said ! sceptic is n only "o :o d5ies1 b "o :o asks = evid5ce ( an unreasonable k9d4 ,suppose myself2 am ,i a sceptic z to ! ,bible1 accord+ to ! ,bi%op's notion8 ,:5 ,i exam9e ! ,bible1 ,i f9d x is admitt$ t ! common v]sion is s bad t a bett] is n[ 9 h&4 ,i f9d :5 ,i ref] to ! s\rces ( ?is v]sion !re are only ?ree s\rces--! ,hebrew1 ! ,sam>itan1 & ! ,septuag9t4 ,:5 ,i exam9e ! ,septuag9t ,i f9d ! ,prote/ant writ]s su* z ,fulke & ,:ittak]1 writ+ aga9/ ,bell>m9e & o!rs1 decl>+ t ! ,septuag9t is corrupt f beg9n+ to end4 ,dr4 ,irons says no "o kn[s :]e ! s-call$ ,septuag9t v]sion 0 writt51 :5 x 0 writt51 nor by :om x 0 writt51 & x is cle>ly ! "w ( diff]5t g5]ations4 ,:5 ,i exam9e ! ,greek ( ! ,septuag9t z aga9/ ! ,hebrew1 ,i f9d words & v]ses 9 ! "o t are n 9 ! o!r4 ,z a sceptic is x unreasonable = me to ask ! ,bi%op h[ he kn[s t "o is bett] ?an ! o!r8 ,:5 ,i g to ! ,hebrew ! difficulty is /ill great]4 ,i say t n ev5 ! ,bi%op kn[s en\gh ( ! ,hebrew to guide u ) reasonable explanation4 ,x is n en\gh to say t m]e ignorant infidels d n "k x4 ,i f9d ,sp9oza1 writ+ #bjj ye>s ago1 decl>+ t ,hebrew 0 a language utt]ly dead1 t its gramm>s & lexicons 7 lo/1 t "t1 ! great consum]1 _h blott$ out ! mean+ ( _m words f ! memory ( man4 ,suppose t ,i h rec\rse to ^? pr(ess+ "s k ( ,hebrew4 ,ges5ius1 ,bellamy1 ,p>khur/1 ,newman1 ,ei*orn1 ,bresslau1 ,g9sburg1 give me diff]5t mean+s = _m ( ! same words on important po9ts ( !ology4 ,h[ am ,i to be satisfi$8 ,:at objections w be reasonable8 ,suppose ,i try to be cont5t ) ! ord9>y ,hebrew v]sion1 :at !n8 ,i f9d t x is a v]sion writt5 ) po9ts1 :i* po9ts h n exi/$ m ?an #abej or #acjj ye>s2 & ! text itself is ( two *>act]s4 ,t :i* is writt5 is n always read1 & t :i* is read is n writt54 ,i f9d a cl]gyman ( ! ,*ur* l ,dr4 ,irons admitt+ t ! traditional read+ ( ! ,hebrew text is (t5 ( m value ?an ! text4 ,i f9d ,*ri/ians say+ ?is ,hebrew is an anci5t language1 & :5 ,i try to trace x ,i f9d t be=e #bejj ye>s back !re is no trace ( x at all4 ,moses c\ld n h writt5 9 ! ,hebrew we h1 = :at to-day we call ! ,hebrew did n !n exi/4 ,:o is to decide on ?is po9t z to ! reasonabl5ess ( my scepticism8 ,am ,i to decide or my ,"l ,bi%op8 ,let u consid] ?is a little m4 ,we h a ,sam>itan1 a ,septuag9t1 & ,hebrew ,bible1 b 9 ! ,sam>itan we h only ! ,p5tateu*1 & ,i f9d words & v]ses 9 ! ,sam>itan n 9 ! ,septuag9t1 & n 9 ! ,hebrew1 & ,i f9d words & v]ses 9 ! ,hebrew & ,septuag9t1 :i* are n 9 ! ,sam>itan4 ,is x unreasonable = me to ask h[ s _m blund]s h got into ?is book1 if x conta9s a revelation f ,god8 ,!n ,i come to try to get a clue f ! ,gospels1 & ,i f9d aga9 t no man kn[s :5 !y 7 writt51 :]e !y 7 writt51 or by :om !y 7 writt54 ,cl]gym5 ( ! ,*ur* h inv5t$ argum5ts f ! fir/ c5tury fa!rs = ! exi/5ce ( ! ,gospels4 ,i us$ to believe t su* te/imony exi/$2 ,i c\ld n suppose t writ]s l ,dr4 ,paley _h inv5t$ te/imony ( ! fa!rs1 b :5 ,i w5t to ! great libr>ies to v]ify au?orities1 & ,i f\nd t he manufactur$ evid5ce1 ,i ask1 0 ,i1 z a sceptic1 a reasonable man 9 *all5g+ ! ,*ur*8 ,! ,bi%op says a ,sceptic is n to be attack$ because he d\bts1 b because ( 8 reason = ! d\bt4 ,i d\bt because ,i _c help x4 ,is t a good reason or n8 ,is ! ,*ur* entitl$ to say 8,x is n true1 y might believe if y l80 ,& m>k1 ! ,bi%op _h ! audacity to decl>e t ,*ri/ianity is n intol]ant ( ! d\bt]1 b ( ! _s ( d\bt4 ,! ,*ur* us$ to burn ! d\bt]1 & !n x burnt 8 books1 & lock$ him up 9 prison4 ,x n[ ga!rs #c1jjj p into ! nave ( ! ,ca!dral to he> ! attack on ! d\bt]1 & refuses to grant ! use ( any place = a reply4 ,x is n intol]ant to ! d\bt]1 x is only intol]ant ( ! _s ( d\bt6 ,i le>n$ f ! ,bi%op t a man might be a religi\s believ]1 & at ! same "t a sceptic1 & 9 expla9+ ?is he us$ language ( an a/\nd+ "*4 ,he said if a man 7 to say1 ,i _c believe 9 ! exi/5ce ( ,god till ,i h x demon/rat$ to me z cle>ly z t ! ?ree angles ( a triangle are equal to two "r angles1 !n he is 9 pr9ciple a sceptic1 because if he _h n t sort ( pro(1 he w\ld beg9 to d\bt ( ! exi/5ce ( ,god2 all ?is "t 8 ass5t to ! exi/5ce ( ,god w\ld h re/$ on a sceptical f\ndation4 ,?is 0 "o ( ! mo/ m>vell\s pieces ( nons5se t any "o c\ld talk4 ,h[ c any "o1 :ile ass5t+ to ,god's exi/5ce1 say1 ,i _c believe 9 ,god till x is prov$ to demon/ration8 ,he makes ! true believ] comm5ce by say+ he _c believe 9 ,god till x is prov$4 ,if anyone "h _h us$ t language1 ,i %\ld h said t he did n und]/& :at he 0 talk+ ab\t2 b :5 a ,bi%op1 a le>n$ ,bi%op1 ! p>agon ( eloqu5ce & logic1 br\ght "h z m compet5t ?an y\r own ,bi%op1 talks su* nons5se1 h[ am ,i to reply8 ,let u take a />tl+ contra/ :i* ! ,bi%op ?\ght "r to give u4 ,he contra/$ ,?omas ! d\bt] ) ,simon ,pet] ! believ]4 ,i h read ! ,bible a little1 & ,i ?9k t ( all ! c[>dly rascals ( :om ,i ev] read1 ! greate/ rascal 0 ,simon ,pet]4 ,he 0 call$ "u great advantages2 he _h be5 out fi%+1 & he caught no?+1 & ! ,"l help$ him to a good cat* ( fi%2 ,simon ,pet]'s wife's "m 0 cur$ ( a fev]2 ,simon ,pet] 0 ) ,jesus :5 he f$ ! p ) a few loaves & fi%es1 & he took "p 9 ! collection ( ! fragm5ts4 ,he 0 pres5t at ! transmigration4 ,x 0 to him t ,jesus said1 8,to !e ,i give ! keys ( ! k+dom ( heav540 ,simon ,pet] 0 ) ! ,"l all ?r\gh 8 life2 & :5 ,jesus came to tr\ble1 he 0 ! fir/ :o ab&on$ him & d5i$ him1 ev5 ) oa?s1 8,i "k n ! man20 & t ,pet] is ! model ( fai? :om ! ,bi%op pres5ts to y4 ,( ! two ,i r pref] ,?omas to ,pet]4 ,c]ta9ly ,pet] came back to ! ,*ur* :5 he caught m fi%4 ,:5 ,jesus rose f ! dead1 ,pet] did n or w\ld n "k him1 b :5 ,jesus said 8,?r[ 9 y\r net10 & he did s1 & caught m fi%1 !n he knew ,jesus directly4 ,i w ask :at lesson ! ,"l ,bi%op meant to convey by ! contra/ betwe5 ^? two8 ,9 :at sort ( way is ,pet] put 9 contra/8 ,simon ,pet] 0 true en\gh :5 any pr(it 0 to be got by x2 he ran away :5 dang] came4 ,?is is ! model :i* ! ,"l ,bi%op puts be=e y to copy4 ,b ,dr4 ,magee said t ,*ri/ianity c\ld n be demon/rat$4 ,*ri/ian evid5ces 7 ( "s use z weapons :5 believ]s 7 expos$ to assaults on _! fai?4 ,if ,i ?\ght he _h int5d$ to prea* a comic s]mon in/ead ( a s]i\s "o1 ,i c\ld h he>tily laugh$ at ?is4 ,he says t ! evid5ces ( ,*ri/ianity are weapons to put 9 ! h&s ( e man & woman :5 8 or h] inn]mo/ s\l is assail$ by ! enemy ) desolat+ d\bt4 ,is x true t ,god p]mits an enemy to r$uce man to ! level ( ! bea/1 & to be cont9ually besieg+ ! s\l ( man8 ,is x true t ! subtle devil tempts man f ! fai?8 ,if x be true1 !n ! devil exi/s ei!r because ,god _c help x1 or w n prev5t x2 & if he exi/s because ,god is p[]less to prev5t1 !n ,god is n omnipot5t2 if ,god wills x1 !n ,god cons5ts to--nay1 /rives to procure man's damnation4 ,b1 says ! ,bi%op1 ,*ri/ianity does n repel ! d\bt]1 & he ev5 admits ! utility ( d\bt1 subject only to "o condition4 ,be=e ,i deal ) ! ,bi%op's condition1 p]mit me to quote :at ,buckle has said on ! effect ( d\bt1 & ,i quote him because he /&s 9 a position entitl+ him to ! att5tion ( ! extreme het]odox1 z well z ( ! extreme or?odox4 ,he says3 8,al?\gh ! acquisition ( fre% k is ! necess>y precursor ( e /ep 9 social progress1 su* acquisition mu/ itself be prec$$ by a love ( inquiry1 & !re=e by a _s ( d\bt1 because )\t d\bt !re w be no inquiry1 & )\t inquiry !re w be no k1 = k is n an in]t & passive pr9ciple :i* comes to u :e!r we w or no2 b x mu/ be s\ght be=e x c be won2 x is ! product ( great lab\r1 &1 !re=e1 ( great sacrifice4 ,& x is absurd to suppose t m5 w incur ! lab\r & make ! sacrifice = subjects respect+ :i* !y are already p]fectly cont5t4 ,!y :o d n feel ! d>kness1 w nev] look = ! light4 ,if on any po9t we h atta9$ to c]ta9ty1 we make no fur!r inquiry on t po9t1 because inquiry w\ld be useless or p]haps dang]\s4 ,! d\bt mu/ int]v5e be=e ! inve/igation c beg94 ,"h1 !n1 we h ! act ( d\bt+ z ! orig9ator1 or at all ev5ts ! necess>y antec$5t ( all progress4 ,"h we h t scepticism1 ! v "n ( :i* is an abom9ation to ! ignorant1 because x di/urbs _! lazy & complac5t m9ds2 because x tr\bles _! *]i%$ sup]/itions2 because x imposes on !m ! fatigue ( inquiry2 & because x r\ses ev5 sluggi% und]/&+s to ask if ?+s are z !y are commonly suppos$1 & if all is really true :i* !y f _! *ildhood h be5 taught to believe4 ,! m we exam9e ?is great pr9ciple ( scepticism1 ! m di/9ctly %all we see ! imm5se "p x has play$ 9 ! progress ( ,european civilisation4 ,to /ate 9 g5]al t]ms1 :at 9 ?is introduction w be fully prov$1 x may be said t to scepticism we owe t _s ( inquiry :i*1 dur+ ! la/ two c5turies1 has gradually encroa*$ on e possible subject1 has re=m$ e dep>tm5t ( practical & speculative k2 has weak5$ ! au?ority ( ! privileg$ classes1 & ?us plac$ lib]ty on a sur] f\ndation2 has *a/is$ ! despotism ( pr9ces2 has re/ra9$ ! arrogance ( ! nobles1 & has ev5 dim9i%$ ! prejudices ( ! cl]gy4 ,9 a ^w1 x is ?is :i* has rem$i$ ! ?ree fundam5tal errors ( ! old5 "t1 errors :i* made ! p 9 politics too confid+1 9 sci5ce too cr$ul\s1 9 religion too intol]ant4 ,we h ?us se5 ! rise ( t scepticism :i* 9 physics mu/ always be ! beg9n+ ( sci5ce1 & 9 religion mu/ always be ! beg9n+ ( tol]ation4 ,!re is1 inde$1 no d\bt t 9 bo? cases individual ?9k]s may by a great ef=t ( orig9al g5ius1 emancipate !mselves f ! op]ation ( ?is law4 ,b 9 ! progress ( nations no su* emancipation is possible4 ,z long z m5 ref] ! movem5ts ( ! comets to ! imm$iate f+] ( ,god1 & z long z !y believe t an eclipse is "o ( ! modes by :i* ,deity expresses 8 ang]1 !y w nev] be guilty ( ! blasphem\s presumption ( attempt+ to pr$ict su* sup]natural appe>ances4 ,be=e !y c\ld d>e to inve/igate ! causes ( ^! my/]i\s ph5om5a1 x 0 necess>y t !y %\ld suspect t ! ph5om5a !mselves 7 capable ( be+ expla9$ by ! human m9d4 ,9 ! same way until m5 are cont5t 9 "s degree to br+ _! religion be=e ! b> ( _! own reason1 !y nev] c und]/& h[ x is t !re %\ld be a div]sity ( cre$s1 or h[ any "o c diff] f !mselves )\t be+ guilty ( ! mo/ enorm\s & unp>donable crime40 ,*ill+wor? says1 8,reason gives u k1 :ile fai? only gives u belief1 :i* is a "p ( k1 & is1 !re=e1 inf]ior to x4 ,x is by reason1 & n by fai?1 t we mu/ discrim9ate 9 religi\s matt]s1 & x is by reason alone t we c di/+ui% tru? f falsehood40 ,he solemnly rem9ds 8 read]s t 9 religi\s matt]s no "o ought to be expect$ to draw /rong conclusions f imp]fect premises1 or to cr$it improbable /atem5ts ^u scanty evid5ce2 /ill less1 he says1 0 x ev] int5d$ t m5 %\ld s pro/itute _! reason z to believe ) infallible fai? t :i* !y are unable to prove ) infallible argum5ts4 ,! ,bi%op1 agree+ 9 ! utility ( d\bt1 :i* he express$ 9 language ne>ly z /rong z t ( ,buckle1 says !re is "o condition )\t :i* d\bt _c be useful1 & ?is condition1 be+ 9 tru? an entire h9drance to d\bt1 is utt]ly unreasonable & impossible4 ,he says ! condition on :i* d\bt c be accept$ z useful is t x />ts on a c]ta9 basis ( religi\s belief4 ,n[ a d\bt s bas$ is only a fictiti\s d\bt1 a %am d\bt1 a hypocritical pret5ce ( d\bt4 ,:5 ! ,bi%op said x 0 possible to h a d\bt bas$ on belief 9 ! proposition to be d\bt$1 he said :at he c\ld n def5d on any plat=m :]e reply 0 p]mitt$4 ,i feel t 9 talk+ ( a man 9 8 abs5ce ,i may be "u ! imputation ( say+ h>% ?+s4 ,! mann] 9 :i* ?is debate has gone on is n "o ( my fa%ion+4 ,! ,*ur* has tak5 ! pa9s to give lectures 9 ! ,ca!dral :]e no reply c\ld be (f]$2 b ,i promise y t ,i w endeav\r to c>ry ! w> into ,pet]bor\gh1 & see :e!r ! ,bi%op w attempt an answ] "u ! %ad[ ( 8 own ca!dral4 ,i h n[ to compla9 ( some?+ /ill worse ?an t ! ,bi%op %\ld h =gott5 8 ,bible1 entirely ignor$ ! ,?irty-n9e ,articles1 & occasionally 9 ! hurry ( rapid spee* contradict$ 8 previ\s s5t5ces4 ,all ^! are matt]s at :i* 9 ev5 an extraord9>y man burd5$ ) a bi%op's dignity1 we ne$ n wond] at all2 b :5 we f9d him blund]+ 9 metaphysics1 :5 we f9d him mak+ mi/akes :i* a man v]s$ 9 ! m]e/ /ud5t's rudim5ts ( ,mill or ! ,scot* & ,g]man metaphysicians1 w\ld n make1 :5 we f9d ! ,bi%op s blund]+1 ei!r wilfully or ignorantly1 x puts me 9 a position ( extreme difficulty4 ,he di/+ui%$ betwe5 ! ,sceptic & ! ,*ri/ian1 & said ! ,*ri/ian _h a fai? 9 some?+ und]ly+ all ph5om5a4 ,! ,*ri/ian's fai? is no?+ ( ! k9d4 ,i w expla9 my position1 & !n t ( ! ,*ri/ian4 ,! position ( ! ,naturi/ is t !re is only "o exi/5ce4 ,i c only "k t exi/5ce z condition$1 z ph5om5al4 ,:at we call 8?+s0 are modes or conditions ( exi/5ce1 kn[n or di/+ui%$ f o!r conditions by v>i\s *>act]i/ics or qualities2 we only "k sub/ance or exi/5ce z condition$4 ,we only "k ! ph5om5al or ! condition$4 ,we affirm "o exi/5ce1 & t all we "k is condition ( t "o exi/5ce4 ,b t is n ! ,*ri/ian's position4 ,! ,*ri/ian says !re are two exi/5ces1 ! "o :at he calls ! mat]ial univ]se1 & ! o!r ! ,deity1 di/9ct & diff]+ 9 ess5ce1 :o is ! creator ( t univ]se out ( no?+1 & :o c be ! de/roy] ( x4 ,:5 ! ,bi%op tri$ to make ^! two op9ions into "o1 he ei!r did n "k :at he 0 talk+ ab\t1 or he suppos$ t ! p to :om he 0 talk+ _h n ! "t to /udy4 ,! ,bi%op def9$ fai? z tru/ or ass5t1 & he decl>$ t n only 9 religion b 9 all o!r matt]s we h fai?4 ,he said1 = example1 & 8 illu/ration appe>$ to me mo/ un=tunately *os51 t we tru/$ 9 our wives1 & *ildr51 & fri5ds1 t x 0 possible t our wives might all ! "t be unfai?ful1 our *ildr5 unlov+1 & our fri5ds trea*]\s4 ,^! are n ! words1 b !y give ! exact s5se ( ! words4 ,n[ ,i w expla9 ! diff]5ce betwe5 religi\s fai? & ! ord9>y fai?4 ,our ord9>y fai? 9 "o ano!r 9 e-day life is a confid5ce f\nd$ ^u our own exp]i5ce & ! exp]i5ce ( o!rs2 & x is because we f9d ! unfai?ful wives are ! fewe/ 9 numb]1 & ! trea*]\s fri5ds ! fewe/ 9 numb]1 t we tru/ 9 our wives & our fri5ds4 ,b religi\s fai? is some?+ entirely diff]5t1 x is n only n f\nd$ on exp]i5ce1 b x contradicts exp]i5ce4 ,religi\s belief is ! pro/ration ( ! intellect2 ord9>y e-day tru/ is ! result ( ! ex]cise ( ! intellect4 ,! ,bi%op spoke ( morality4 ,he said morality 0 bas$ ^u fai?1 & he ask$1 suppos+ y did n g to fai?1 :]e 7 y to get y\r /&>d ( morality8 ,:at is morality1 ! ,bi%op did n tell y4 ,) me t is moral :i* t5ds to ! greate/ happ9ess ( ! greate/ numb]1 :i* inflicts ! lea/ injury on any4 ,:at is moral ! ,bible does n tell y1 ! ,?irty-n9e ,articles d n tell y1 ! ,cre$s d n tell y1 ! ,nic5e ,cre$ does n tell y1 ! ,apo/les' ,cre$ does n tell y4 ,!y say t x is moral n to /eal1 b y mu/ n say ?is ) ! ,bible 9 y\r h&1 :]e y f9d a ?ief protect$ & rew>d$4 ,& z to adult]y1 ,david got to heav5 ?\gh he committ$ adult]y1 & plann$ ! mo/ trea*]\s murd] ( ! di%on\r$ husb&4 ,x is moral to speak ! tru?1 b ,jacob1 :o li$1 got to heav51 & 0 lov$ by ,god1 :ile 8 bro!r 0 hat$1 ?\gh he appe>s to h be5 ! bett] man ( ! two4 ,:at is ! morality ( ! ,a?anasian ,cre$8 ,y are to believe 9 a ,fa!r1 a ,son1 & a ,holy ,gho/1 ?ree p]sons 9 "o ,god1 & if y d n believe 9 ?is1 )\t d\bt y are to p]i% ev]la/+ly4 ,is t y\r morality8 ,he t believes & is baptis$1 %all be sav$4 ,is fai? 9 ,*ri/ morality8 ,"h x is moral to eat beef/eaks1 b on ! banks ( ! ,ganges x is immoral4 ,:]e w y get y\r guide to morality8 ,no "o man1 no "o book1 no "o *ur*1 c give x y4 ,y\r guide to morality c only be got by ga!r+ f ! wisdom1 & avail+ y\rself ( ! exp]i5ce ( ! greate/ m9ds ( pa/ ages & ! pres5t times1 & ?us y may le>n to be moral4 ,i don't speak to annihilate ! ,bible4 ,no man c annihilate a book4 ,if ,moses or ,isaiah wrote1 no man c sweep _! "w away f ! page ( hi/ory1 b ,i say t no book %\ld dom9ate ! _w4 ,i am a sceptic1 = ,i d5y ! absolute au?ority ( "o book to dom9ate all p4 ,i f9d among ! ,brahm9s1 among ! ,buddhi/s1 among ! ,*9ese & ,japanese1 phases ( human tru? :i* 9 o!r l&s are almo/ entirely =gott51 :i* y\r ,jew books d n conta94 ,if y want to "k h[ ,i w\ld make a code ( morality1 ,i w\ld make x z y w\ld a b\quet ( fl[]s3 f "o plot 9 a g>d5 y cull ! rose1 f ano!r o!r fl[]s ( sweet p]fume1 f ano!r ! fl[]s ( brilliant hue1 until col\r bl5d+ ) col\r & fragrance aid+1 y\r b\quet pres5ts beauty to ! eye & sweet p]fume to ! sc5t2 s ,i w\ld take f ,%aksp]e ! fruit ( 8 wide grasp+ bra9s1 f ,swift 8 brilliant wit1 f ,montesquieu 8 great p[] ( g5]alisation1 f ,voltaire 8 gr& irony1 f ,rabelais 8 bit+ ?\ght1 f ,sp9oza 8 gr& logic1 f ,john ,locke 8 wise reason1 ,i w\ld take f ,dr4 ,magee 8 eloqu5ce1 & br+ !m & ! ?\ghts ( ! _w's poets & philosoph]s toge!r4 ,i w\ld make my b\quet ( ?\ght4 ,i say ! ,bible is n a book to ca/ away1 b to place on our %elves beside ! ,koran1 ! ,v$as1 & o!r old-_w books1 to m>k h[ ! ?\ght ( ! _w has gr[n4 ,we "k t religion has a hold ^u ! mass1 b ,i claim = scepticism a high] morality4 ,! belief 9 religion is ! we>+ ! old clo!s ( a =m] age1 ! swaddl+ clo!s adopt$ 9 ! *ildhood ( humanity1 b scepticism is ! bur/+ out f ^! old swaddl+ clo!s4 ,x is ! ef=t ( buri$ bra9 to bur/ its grave & /& out alive = human deliv]ance4 ,,?ird ,,disc\rse ,,( ,,! ,,bi%op ,,( ,,pet]bor\gh4 ,,*ri/ianity ,,& ,,fai?4 ,,on ,?ursday ev5+1 ,m>* #cj?1 #ahga1 ! nave ( ! ,ca!dral1 ,norwi*1 0 mu* cr[d$ ) ! citiz5s ( all classes1 to he> ! ?ird s]mon ( ! ,bi%op ( ,pet]bor\gh1 on 8,*ri/ianity & ,fai?40 ,be=e ! s]mon ! ,bi%op pray$ specially = ! conv]sion ( ! infidels pres5t4 ,he select$ 8 text f ! ,gospel accord+ to ,/4 ,john1 xx4 #bi1 8,bless$ are !y t h n se51 & yet h believ$40 ,8 ,lord%ip said3 ,la/ night1 ,i endeav\r$ to %[ y :at scepticism is1 & :at x leads to4 ,we saw t scepticism is n simply d\bt1 b t x is d\bt ( a p>ticul> k9d4 ,x is t /ate ( d\bt :i* arises f insi/+ on ref]r+ e "q = solution to "o "p1 & "o only1 ( our nature1 to ! sceptical und]/&+4 ,x is t /ate ( d\bt :i* arises f refus+ to believe until x has be5 made sci5tifically & ma!matically impossible to d\bt4 ,& we saw :at ?is leads to2 we saw t x necess>ily leads to ! de/ruction ( all belief prop]ly s-call$1 to ! de/ruction ( e k9d ( ass5t1 except ass5t to sci5tific & demon/rat$ facts2 t x puts an end to all belief :i* re/s ^u moral c]ta9ty1 z di/+ui%$ f sci5tific c]ta9ty1 & !re=e x puts an end to all belief t appeals to any "p ( our nature except ! und]/&+2 all belief ) :i* ! he>t & _s ( man h any?+ to d2 all belief ( ! high] & nobl] k9d2 all belief t arises out ( ! high] & nobl] "p ( our nature2 all belief t is 9 "* & ess5ce moral1 & all ! high] & nobl] life :i* arises out ( su* belief4 ,we saw t scepticism 0 ess5tially fatal to morality2 t !re is no sci5tific demon/ration ( morality1 & t 9 ord] to be moral x is necess>y to ex]cise an act ( fai?2 t morality _c ju/ify itself to ! sceptical und]/&+2 z we saw t z religion is n capable ( sci5tific demon/ration1 z x does appeal to some?+ else ?an ! logical faculty1 z x does appeal to man's he>t & _s1 x _c ju/ify itself to ! sceptical intellect2 & t scepticism is necess>ily z fatal to religion z x is to morality1 & to all belief except sci5tific belief4 ,i hope y saw :at a wa/e ( "t x is to endeav\r to satisfy ! consi/5t sceptic2 we h absolutely no?+ 9 common4 ,x is impossible t religion c sil5ce scepticism1 unless x ceases to be religion4 ,x is j z absurd to object to religion t x is n sci5ce1 z to object to sci5ce t x is n religion4 ,x is ! wise/ c\rse we c take 9 deal+ ) sceptics to beg91 & = ! mo/ "p to end ! discussion1 by ask+ ?is pla9 "q3 ,y tell u t y are sceptical1 & y dem& all y\r d\bts to be satisfi$ be=e y believe2 we ask y1 ,d y believe 9 any?+1 & if s1 :at d y believe 9 ! prop] s5se ( ! ^w8 ,d y ass5t to any?+ on tru/8 ,d y believe 9 any?+ y _c demon/rate8 ,if s1 y h no "r to say to u t we %\ld n believe a religion4 ,if y say1 ,i believe 9 no?+ b :at c be demon/rat$1 !n we h no?+ to answ]1 we mu/ leave y to be refut$ by ! common s5se ( mank9d1 & by e act ( y\r daily life :i* is bas$ on tru/4 ,x w\ld save a va/ deal ( wa/$ "t 7 we to take ?is c\rse4 ,let me advise all ,*ri/ians2 be=e y all[ a sceptic to put y to ! pro(1 ask1 ,:at is x y believe8 ,d y believe any?+ 9 ! matt] ( religion8 & if s1 rememb] y %\ld n br+ any objection aga9/ our fai? :i* applies equally to y\rs4 ,we _c all[ ( fai? = all ! difficulties ( y\r belief1 :ile y ask demon/ration = all ! difficulties ( our belief4 ,fai? = bo?1 or fai? = nei!r2 b n fai? = "o & demon/ration = ! o!r4 ,we seek n to get a logical victory ov] our oppon5ts2 t is ! poore/ ( all ambitions2 b we recomm5d su* a c\rse = ?is reason1 t y may see t ! v same objections :i* are br\ght aga9/ our belief1 lie aga9/ any belief1 & all belief1 & s be /r5g!n$ 9 y\r fai?2 = aft] all man mu/ believe some?+4 ,!re is a necessity ( belief 9 ! s\l ( man4 ,we ask = ! sake ( our oppon5ts1 if we ?r[ !m back ^u consid]+ ! basis ( _! own belief1 & ask !m if !y are n unconsci\sly to !mselves 9 "s degree believ]s :ile !y call !mselves sceptics8 ,& n[1 :ile ,i h endeav\r$ ?us cle>ly to %[ y t religion1 l morality1 has no answ]1 prop]ly speak+1 to scepticism--b t x re/s ^u an act ( fai? 9 answ] to :at is ev] say+1 ,h[1 :at1 & :y8--let u come back !n to t po9t at :i* we left x la/ night4 ,t is ! po9t at :i* we saw1 t 9 ord] to be moral1 & to believe 9 morality1 we mu/ ex]cise an act ( fai?1 we mu/ tru/ 9 ourselves1 9 our own high] & bett] nature4 ,x mu/ be an act ( fai? :i* nev] c ju/ify itself to ! und]/&+4 ,submit ! und]/&+ to ! s\l1 elevate ! consci5ce above ! m]ely logical & que/ion+ faculty2 say by ! ex]cise ( a high] faculty1 say by ! p[] ( t in/9ct ( fai?1 :i* is giv5 u = ! v purpose t we may rise above ! in/9ct ( d\bt--say1 ,i "k t ?is is "r & ?is is true1 :ile ,i h a s\l4 ,!re is 9 ! he>t ( e human be+ an et]nal opposition betwe5 ! m]ely sceptical und]/&+ & ! spiritual faculty1 betwe5 t :i* demon/rates & t :i* believes1 betwe5 ! m9d :i* we %>e ) ! animal1 & ! s\l :i* we ,*ri/ians believe we specially d]ive f ,god2 & ^! two are opposite ! "o to ! o!r4 ,t 9 u :i* says1 ,?is mu/ be s1 ?is %all be s s1 is a high] faculty ?an t :i* 9 u inquires1 ,:y is x s1 h[ c ?is be s8 ,& t act ( fai? 9 u on :i* our morality1 our religion1 & our high] =ms ( be+ re/1 is t by :i* we ass]t ! supremacy ( ! "o above ! o!r4 ,we are n always consci\s1 nor (t5 consci\s1 ( ?is contradiction 9 our inn]mo/ nature1 ( ! opposition betwe5 ! spiritual "p ( our nature & ! m]e fle%ly man4 ,!re are times1 h[ev]1 :5 we feel consci\s ( x4 ,!re are times :5 to ea* "o ( u comes "s dire & deadly temptation1 :5 we f9d ourselves 9 ! pres5ce ( "s covet$ object1 :5 ! animal craves = its gratification1 & ! _s trembles at ! ?\ght ( ! unlawful ?+2 & !n we f9d ! s]p5t intellect plead+ 9 an +5i\s way t !re is no law aga9/ x4 ,i say1 !re is n 9 ?is *ur* a s+le man or woman :o has n felt ! et]nal opposition betwe5 ! _s & ! fle%2 :o has n felt t 8 deliv]ance f temptation1 ! ma/]y ov] ! evil ?+ t 0 lead+ him on to evil1 lies n 9 any logic or demon/ration1 b 9 ! submission ( ! logical faculty to ! spiritual1 9 say+ to ! animal "p ( our nature1 ,be sil5t1 submit1 ,i w be righte\s1 ,i w n s94 ,i say1 9 t mom5t we d become consci\s ( ! opposition t exi/s betwe5 ! intellectual & spiritual "p ( our nature4 ,x is !n t ! great bill[s ( our s\ls are ebb+ & fl[+ 9 ! agony ( our temptation4 ,x is at t "t we feel ! inn]mo/ p>ts ( our be+1 ! f\nta9s ( ! great deep brok5 up2 & !n ! _s says1 ,i w be righte\s4 ,& ?\gh we are n consci\s ( x1 ?\gh ! animal has be5 accu/om$ to obey ! man1 !re is ?is secret opposition betwe5 ! two4 ,x is 9 ! nature ( :at oculi/s tell u4 ,!y tell u1 t ! image ( an object is inv]t$ on ! ret9a ( ! eye1 & t x is only by con/ant habit ( correction ( ! impression t we see ?+s truly4 ,s !re is ! natural inv]sion ( ! nature ( ! man2 ! animal gets ! upp] h& 9 ! man1 & x is only by ! unconsci\s tra9+ ( ! man 9 ,*ri/ian society t ! supremacy ( ! moral "p ( ! man is /rongly e/abli%$2 & we are n consci\s ( ! act ( fai?1 b /ill t act ( fai? und]lies all morality1 & x is true 9 morality z 9 religion1 8,! j %all live by fai?40 ,!re is no righte\s de$ t any "o ( u has done t we did n d by virtue ( ?is act ( fai?2 8,! j %all live by fai?40 ,n[ let u pass on to ano!r "q1 = if ! :ole moral & religi\s life is bas$ ^u ! act ( fai?1 !re d\btless mu/ be a good reason = x4 ,we ,*ri/ians believe t ,god made u s = a good reason4 ,c we see any reason :y we %\ld live our moral life by fai?8 ,t fai? is n a m]e ass5t to propositions1 x is tru/ 9 a p]son1 9 a nature1 a belief t we are bett]1 nobl]1 ?an our und]/&+ w\ld p]suade u we are4 ,e "t ?is opposition :i* ,i h describ$ arises )9 a man1 he is giv5 a *oice2 he has to pass ?r\gh a probation1 or a te/ z to :e!r he w or w n believe 9 8 bett] self1 :e!r he w rise up to ! idea ( 8 spiritual nature1 or s9k d[n to ! dep?s ( 8 animal nature4 ,!re is a trial = him1 & a discipl9e 9 ! trial1 & a culture & a gr[? ( 8 moral nature if he /&s firm 9 ! trial4 ,we _c believe1 9 su* a mom5t ( trial1 9 our nobl] & bett] selves1 )\t becom+ 9 ! v act ( believ+1 nobl] & bett] out ( su* /rife2 & ! man comes out /rong] e "t he wre/les ) 8 bas] self2 8 pur] & nobl] self comes out ( ! trial nobl] & pur]4 ,!re is a deep mean+ 9 ! temptation ( our ,savi\r1 :5 he is said to h be5 ) ! wild bea/s1 9 t h\r :5 ! man is wre/l+ ) ! wild bea/s1 or ! brute "p ( 8 nature1 & 8 spiritual nature comes /rong out ( ! /ruggle2 j z ! wav+ ( ! bran*es ( ! trees 9 ! w9d1 makes ! sap circulate to ! t9ie/ leaflet1 & br+s ! life-blood ( ! plant to e "p4 ,?is is ! use & object ( ! act ( fai?2 to tra91 discipl9e1 & elevate ! man4 ,fur!r1 ,i h said1 9 e case 9 :i* a man believes 9 8 bett] self1 he becomes bett]2 b we h to deal n only ) our bett] selves1 we h to come con/antly 9 contact ) o!r natures & o!r p]sonalities ?an our own4 ,n[1 :at happ5s :5 we enc\nt] a high] or m moral nature ?an our own8 ,j ! v same trial & discipl9e2 because if a man comes to deal ) a high] & bett] nature ?an 8 own1 !re is always a trial to ! l[] nature4 ,if a high] nature c\ld be easily und]/ood by a l[] nature1 !n ! two natures w\ld be equal4 ,x is ! v ess5ce ( a high] & pur] nature to be some?+ ( a my/]y to a l[] nature4 ,"s ( ! say+s or ! do+s ( t high] nature1 w always appe> /range & puzzl+ to ! l[] nature1 j because x is a l[] nature4 ,!re is always ! possibility ( ! l[] nature say+ ( ! high] nature1 ,?is nature is no bett] ?an m9e1 ,i d n believe 9 its high] or great] goodness4 ,b are ^! cynical1 worldly-wise m5 :o disp>age o!rs1 g5]ally speak+1 ! mo/ improv+ & valuable ( our acqua9tances8 ,d we n g5]ally f9d ^! cynical1 bitt]1 disp>ag+ m5 to be m5 ( l[ tone8 ,!y h l[]$ _! moral nature 9 ! h\r ( probation & trial2 !y h sunk l[] ?an !mselves1 because !y h refus$ to believe 9 some?+ high] & bett] ?an !mselves4 ,if ^! m5 c\ld h ris5 to ! high] natures !y _h to deal )1 !n 9 t v h\r1 _! own nature w\ld h gr[n pur]1 nobl]1 & high]4 ,s we see aga91 ! act ( fai? w\ld be an act ( probation1 an act ( discipl9e1 an act ( moral culture & gr[?4 ,!re=e we say x is true1 8,bless$ are !y t h n se51 & yet h believ$40 ,b n[ let u g "o /ep fur!r4 ,we h se5 t 9 all morality !re is an act ( fai?1 & we believe 9 our own high] nature & ! high] nature ( o!rs1 & 9 s do+ we ourselves gr[ bett]2 b is !re n some?+ bett] /ill8 ,we t believe 9 high] natures ?an our own1 is !re n 9 our he>ts an in/9ctive belief t !re mu/ be some:]e p]fect righte\sness1 p]fect tru?1 p]fect hol9ess8 ,we seek = x1 believe 9 x2 d we ev] f9d x8 ,! m we "k ( m51 ?\gh we may "k m ( _! excell5cies1 we are compell$ to "k some?+ m too ( _! imp]fections4 ,! result ( ?is discov]y is t "o ( two ?+s happ5s1 accord+ z we li/5 to our und]/&+ or our w4 ,! sceptical und]/&+ says1 ,!re is no su* ?+ z p]fection any:]e4 ,t answ] is unansw]able if we look only to exp]i5ce4 ,is t ! answ] ( ! s\l & he>t ( man8 ,no1 ! s\l & ! he>t rebel aga9/ ?is *e]less tea*+4 ,! s\l has ev] be5 utt]+ its prote/ aga9/ ?is despair+ cre$1 ev] speak+ its belief 9 ! reality ( a p]fect righte\sness1 a p]fect tru?1 a p]fect hol9ess2 b c nev] atta9 to x4 ,x may be a dream1 b x is a dream t has haunt$ humanity f ! fir/ h\r ( its exi/5ce4 ,we ?us h fai? 9 humanity1 & ! value ( ?is fai? is t x elevates ! s\l :i* believes 9 x2 a fai? :i* _c ju/ify itself to ! und]/&+1 a fai? z deep z ! human he>t1 & z old z ! hills4 ,!re is 9 v de$1 9 a v true s5se1 al?\gh x may be a l[ s5se comp>atively1 a religion ( humanity2 a cre$ & an act ( fai?2 & t religion has = its cre$ ^! articles3 man is pure2 he is n a bundle ( passions m]ely2 man is responsible1 he has to answ] = 8 beliefs2 man may yet be p]fect4 ,!re is no article 9 ?is cre$ t c be ju/ifi$ to ! sceptical intellect1 & yet !re is n a s+le article 9 x t ! lov+ he>t ( man1 & t 8 s\l 9 8 highe/ & be/ mom5ts1 does n cl+ to z ! v life ( its life4 ,! he>t ( man believes 9 ! p]fectibility ( humanity1 9 spite ( s9 & mis]y & oppression4 ,! long litany ( man's imp]fections8 comes d[n ) a wail ( despair+ d5ial ( ! possibility ( p]fection4 ,rem$y aft] rem$y has be5 tri$1 s*eme aft] s*eme has be5 inv5t$1 & h be5 borne away l ! bubbles on ! wave2 b /ill ! he>t ( man cl+s to ! belief t !re is a p]fect goodness some:]e1 ev5 :5 civilisation fails to produce x1 ev5 9 spite ( :at we h se5 9 ! la/ ?ree mon?s :5 ! mo/ civilis$ nations ( ,europe h b&$ !mselves toge!r = mutual de/ruction2 9 spite ( all ?is dispro( ( p]fection1 ! he>t ( man cl+s to x /ill4 ,we d h fai? 9 humanity1 & ! value ( ! fai? is t x elevates ! s\l :i* believes 9 x4 ,?is belief 9 ! possibility ( p]fection1 9 ! possibility ( deliv]+ m5 f s9 & sorr[1 ?is is n m]ely ! dream ( ! poet1 x is n m]ely ! ,utopia ( ! philosoph]1 b x is ! in/9ctive might 9 ! he>t ( ! e>ne/ work]1 t gives /r5g? to him :o does 8 duty amid ! haunts ( s9 & sorr[2 x is ?is t s5ds ! ,*ri/ian work] into ! back /reets & lanes ( our great cities2 x is ?is t s5ds ! ,*ri/ian m9i/] to ! b$side ( ! dy+2 x is ?is t makes m5 toil & suff] = _! fell[ m51 l him :om we wor%ip1 :o saw 9 8 dy+ h\r ( ! travail ( 8 s\l & 0 satisfi$4 ,& n[ we take "o /ep fur!r4 ,we h se5 t !re is a fai? :i* und]lies all morality z well z religion1 & t ?is fai? is ! discipl9e ( ! s\l1 & )\t x ! s\l _c gr[ 9 morality or religion4 ,let u suppose1 = argum5t's sake1 let u suppose t = ?is ye>n+ ( ! s\l aft] an inf9ite p]fection1 !re is a correspond+ reality--an absolutely p]fect1 a supremely righte\s & true & holy ,be+4 ,& let u suppose t x pleas$ him to make a revelation ( himself to man2 :at %\ld we expect be=eh& respect+ t revelation8 ,%\ld we n expect t x w\ld foll[ ! analogy ( all o!r revelations to ! high] & bett] "p ( man's nature1 & t inasmu* z morality ne$s fai?1 s ?is manife/ation ( ! ,p]fect ,"o w\ld come 9 "s way or o!r s z to call out ! act ( fai?8 ,%\ld we n expect t if ?is 7 ! only absolutely p]fect nature1 x w\ld appe> to our l[] & inf]ior nature 9 "s respects un9telligible1 9 "s respects my/]i\s1 9 "s respects contradictory8 ,= all my/]ies1 ev]y?+ we _c und]/&1 mu/ come to our und]/&+ 9 ! %ape ( contradictory propositions4 ,we mu/ expect t ?is high] nature1 ?is p]fect nature1 %\ld try our fai?4 ,if x w\ld be unreasonable to suppose t an inf]ior man to himself %\ld und]/& a man1 s also x w\ld be unreasonable to suppose t our nature %\ld n f9d "s difficulty 9 p]fectly appreciat+ & und]/&+ ! absolutely p]fect nature ( a supremely p]fect ,be+4 ,%\ld we n expect f analogy t we %\ld h "s m difficulty 9 und]/&+ ,god1 ?an we h 9 und]/&+ man8 ,we mu/ expect ! same trial ( our fai?1 ! same probation & discipl9e ( our spiritual nature1 :5 x is br\ght into contemplation ( ?is p]fect nature4 ,surely we %\ld be=eh& expect t ?is w\ld be ! case2 surely we might say t ! ,god :o 0 p]fectly und]/ood c\ld n be ! true ,god4 ,:5 a man says1 ,i want a ,god t is n a my/]y2 ,i ask1 ,d y "k a man :o is )\t a my/]y8 ,are y n a my/]y y\rself8 ,is !re "o fell[ be+ :om y und]/&8 ,& yet y say1 ,i h n fai? 9 a ,god :om ,i _c und]/&4 ,:o c compreh5d him :o dwells 9 ineffable light1 9 :om !re is no v>iabl5ess nor %ad[ ( turn+8 ,if !re be revelation f ,god at all1 x mu/ try ! fai? ( man4 ,9 ! next place1 we %\ld expect t x w\ld be a revelation ( a righte\s p]son2 because we "k t ! highe/ t5d5cies ( our nature at _! be/ mom5ts are ev] to f9d a righte\s p]son1 & our fai? t has be5 cultivat$ 9 our bro!r man naturally looks = a p]son4 ,fai? has ev] be5 tru/+ 9 a p]son1 9 a nature1 & !re=e we %\ld expect be=eh& t if !re came a revelation ( ?is ,god1 x w\ld n come 9 ! %ape ( a revelation ( doctr9es or cre$s1 b t x w\ld be a revelation ( a p]son4 ,we ,*ri/ians say !re is made to u a revelation ( ! work+ ( ! ,div9e ,w1 & ! purpose ( ! ,div9e ,design]1 9 ! works ( 8 h&s4 ,we say ! invisible ?+s ( ,god are reveal$ by ! ?+s t are made4 ,!re is t 9 ! _w :i* te/ifies to a creator & design]4 ,?is we believe because !re is t 9 u :i* in/9ctively1 :5 x f9ds a "w ( art1 supposes an arti/2 & f9d+ a "w requir+ design1 has belief 9 a design]4 ,we say1 8,! heav5s decl>e ! glory ( ,god1 & ! firmam5t %[s 8 h&y "w40 ,b ?is revelation mu/ foll[ ! law ( all o!r manife/ations4 ,!re mu/ be a possibility ( d5y+ x2 a discipl9e "h1 z 9 ! o!r case1 9 :i* fai? is call$ into play2 & !re=e1 ?\gh ! _w reveals its mak]1 x does n demon/rate its mak]4 8,day unto day is utt]+ spee*1 & night unto night %[e? =? k20 b ! spee* is l ! spee* = ?+s spiritual1 ! utt]ance is = all :o *oose to believe x4 ,if m5 w1 !y may put x aside2 & "s d5y x 9 ! face ( ! _w4 ,god has will$ t !re %all be no?+ 9 ?is _w to demon/rate 8 exi/5ce2 b x is n[ z ( old1 inasmu* z m5 did n *oose to reta9 ,god 9 _! k1 he gave !m ov] to a reprobate m9d4 ,!re is a possibility1 !re is a necessity1 9 ! manife/ation ( ,god1 t x %\ld try ! fai? ( man4 ,once m1 we ,*ri/ians believe n only t ,god has reveal$ himself 9 8 works1 b also 9 8 ^w1 9 8 ,inc>nate ,^w2 t1 9 answ] to ! crav+ desire ( ! s\l ( man to look ^u human p]fection1 ?is e>? has once be5 walk$ ^u by a p]fect man2 t 9 ! /ory ( ! ,gospels we possess t :i* no imp]fect s\ls c\ld ev] h imag9$1 ! l9eam5ts ( a p]fect be+4 ,i am n say+ t x is s1 b x is our belief4 ,b be=e we op5$ ! ,gospels1 we %\ld expect accord+ to ! analogy ( all o!r holy & righte\s lives t we "k (1 t x %\ld n demon/rate itself1 %\ld n make itself an impossibility to ! sceptical m9d to f9d fault ) x1 & %\ld reveal itself to ^? ^: lives 7 l x1 s t wisdom %\ld ju/ify h]self by h] *ildr54 ,we %\ld n expect1 judg+ f analogy ( :at we see 9 ! _w1 t ?is life %\ld 9 all respects sil5ce all opposition1 & be und]/ood by e m9d t x came 9 contact )4 ,we %\ld expect to he> t he 0 despis$ & reject$ ( m51 & "s p bes\ght him to dep>t f _! coa/s4 ,if ! revelation ( a div9e & p]fect nature is to foll[ ! analogy ( all revelations ( a l[] degree ( p]fection1 & all manife/ations ( inf]ior natures1 !n we mu/ expect ! same law w gov]n ?is case z all o!rs2 !re w be a possibility ( d\bt1 & a trial ( fai?1 & to ^? :o conqu] ! d\bt & ex]cise ! fai?1 w ! promise be realis$1 8,bless$ are !y t h n se51 & yet h believ$40 ,ah1 x 0 n ) fai? 9 a s]ies ( propositions only1 nor 9 a set ( dogmas--?\gh we believe ! propositions & hold ! dogmas1 b 9 ! light ( fai? 9 ?is p]son--t ! disciples ( ! ,p]fect ,"o w5t out to conv]t ! _w4 ,!y did n prea* ,*ri/'s tea*+1 b ,*ri/4 ,did x ev] occur to y to read ! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les8 if s1 y w h se5 h[ little ( ! words ( ,*ri/1 h[ little ( ! tea*+s ( ,*ri/1 appe>s !re4 ,:5 we read 9 ! ,acts1 h[ ! ,apo/les w5t out to prea* ,*ri/1 d we read t !y ga!r$ ! multitude 9 ! =um8 ,did !y say1 ,li/5 to ! morality ( ! ,gospels8 ,y w n f9d a quotation f ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt4 ,:at did !y d8 ,!y ga!r$ ! multitude toge!r1 & prea*$ n ! words ( ,*ri/1 b ,*ri/4 ,!y said1 ,come & believe 9 ?is man2 x 0 ! p]sonality1 x 0 ! life & dea?1 & resurrection & asc5sion ( him1 t !y prea*$4 ,x 0 a p]son 9 :om !y ask$ ! p to believe2 & ! result is ?is extraord9>y & s+ul> fact1 t ,*ri/ is ! only tea*] among m5 ^: life is great] ?an 8 tea*+4 ,all o!r tea*]s h fad$ into insignificance 9 comp>ison ) _! tea*+4 ,:o c>es ab\t ! life ( ,euclid8 b ev]ybody believes 9 8 tea*+4 ,m5 are fond ( comp>+ ,*ri/ ) ,socrates4 ,let u take x s4 ,did any man ev] he> a p]son say1 ,i am dead ) ,socrates2 ,i am buri$ ) ,socrates2 ! life t ,i live is by fai? 9 ,socrates8 ,7 su* words ev] he>d ( any hea!n tea*]8 ,h[ comes x t m5 said ?is ( ,*ri/8 ,! fai? ( ! s\l w5t out to ! nature & "w ( ,*ri/4 ,! fai? ( man triumph$ 9 ! discov]y ( ! p]fect man4 ,n[ we h rea*$ ! la/ po9t to :i* ,i h desir$ to br+ y 9 ?is s]ies ( s]mons4 ,we h rea*$ ! hi/orical fact1 z to :i* o!rs w foll[ me :o w take up ! subject1 & :o w %[ ! evid5ce aris+ f hi/ory & prophecy4 ,my task ends 9 remov+ ! /umbl+-blocks :i* w\ld prev5t y\r com+ to he> !m4 ,x has be5 my "p to lead y to ! /eps1 to ! ?re%old ( ! temple4 ,we h f\nd difficulties t h kept _m away f ! entrance to ! temple4 ,! fir/ is ! belief t ,*ri/ianity is oppos$ to ,free?\ght4 ,& ,i h endeav\r$ to %[ y t ,*ri/ianity does n d5y x1 b ass]ts x2 t :]e ,*ri/ianity does d5y x1 law & society d5y x4 ,! second difficulty is t ( scepticism4 ,we h se5 t x is fatal to morality1 & to all ! high] =ms ( human life1 & t ! sceptical und]/&+ %\ld submit to ! s\l4 ,*ri/ianity only requires :at morality has done4 ,i h answ]$ ! objection t ,*ri/ianity mu/ appeal to fai?1 & mu/ d s because x _c f9d demon/ration4 ,our answ] is t x has all ! demon/ration t is possible = ! sup]natural or = hi/ory4 ,*ri/ianity does make dem&s on fai?1 b x acts 9 accordance ) ! analogy ( human life2 & ,*ri/ianity 9 claim+ fai? ju/ifies its claim to be a religion4 ,n[ ! "t comes to close ?is disc\rse1 9 :i* f my inmo/ s\l ,i h set ! tru? be=e y4 ,i w ask y 9 all s9c]ity1 ,:y d y suppose ,i am "h8 ,"s may say because we are prie/s & bigots4 ,to me1 if ,i mu/ put x s1 x makes no diff]5ce :e!r ,i come "h or n4 ,:y d ,i come "h8 ,d y really1 hone/ly believe1 t ,i h come "h to deceive y8 ,w y n give me cr$it1 t to ! be/ ( my ability & 9 all e>ne/ness & hone/y1 ,i h endeav\r$ to put be=e y ! reasons t seem to me suffici5t = my belief8 ,he> u1 !n1 = ?is reason if = no o!r1 t we desire y\r s\ls = our ,"l & ,ma/]1 t x is 9 8 "n we come among y1 & because we believe t ,jesus is ! ,son ( ,god & came d[n f heav5 to save m54 ,x is = ?is reason1 & ?is only1 t we are "h to speak to y1 t we may ) ! help ( ,god deep5 y\r fai? or %ake y\r unbelief4 ,we come ) 8 ^w1 t calls on y to foll[ ! high] & n ! l[] "p ( y\r nature4 8,believe 9 ! ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 & ye %all be sav$40 ,!re are "s :o don't believe 9 ! fir/ "p ( ?is message1 !re are few :o d n believe t m5 ne$ to be sav$1 sav$ 9 ?is _w1 & sav$ 9 ! next1 sav$ f "s ( ! s9 & mis]y 9 ?is _w4 ,i ask1 is !re no ne$ ( fai?1 is !re no desire = ! objects ( fai?8 ,among m5 h we n "s ne$ ( fai?8 ,! _w is gr[+ old & sick at he>t4 ,all ! rem$ies t h be5 tri$ = ! evils ( society1 h be5 tri$ 9 va94 ,idol aft] idol has be5 set up1 has be5 rock$ on its basis1 & %iv]$4 ,! gods ( mank9d h be5 tak5 away1 & ! cry ( despond5cy has be5 rais$1 ,we h no humanity4 ,is !re any evid5ce t !re %all be a p]fection ( humanity8 ,is x f fai? 9 m5 ( sci5ce8 ,did sci5ce ev] com=t ! afflict$1 or allay human sorr[s8 ,fai? 9 civilisation8 ,c x rem$y ! evils t are conqu]+ society8 ,civilisation n[ means ! ga!r+ ( m5 9 great masses1 to live ! luxuri\s1 ! voluptu\s life ( great t[ns2 x means ! we>y1 toilful1 hagg>d life ( o!rs 9 ^! same t[ns2 x means ! ri* gr[+ ri*]1 & ! poor gr[+ poor] e day4 ,civilisation ?r[s its d>k %ad[s 9 its track4 ,civilisation & sci5ce1 h !y arre/$ w>1 or s(t5$ ! he>t ( humanity1 or prev5t$ /rife betwe5 nations8 ,civilisation1 sci5ce & art h inv5t$ mitrailleuses1 & inv5t$ de/ructive me?ods ( :olesale murd]4 ,:]e w y f9d 9 all ^! ?+s a sub/itute = fai?8 ,"s speak ( ! mill5nium1 & ( ! natural /ate ( man be+ rem$i$ 9 ?is _w4 ,we believe 9 ! f9al p]fection ( man1 b n 9 ?is _w4 ,we believe 9 ! reign ( righte\sness1 b x is 9 ! et]nal _w4 ,x is 9 t fai? t we ga9 c\rage to look on ! sc5es & sorr[s t afflict humanity4 ,x is 9 ! /r5g? ( t fai? t we look d[n on ! graves ( ! dep>t$1 & believe all is n du/ ( ! e>?2 b we take up ! song ( ,*ri/ian triumph ov] dea?1 & ?ank ,god = ! message 8,bless$ are !y t h n se5 & yet h believ$40 ,,?ird ,,reply ,,( ,,mr4 ,c4 ,,bradlaugh4 ,,*ri/ianity ,,& ,,fai?4 ,,on ,w$nesday ev5+1 ,april #e?1 ,mr4 ,bradlaugh deliv]$ 8 ?ird lecture on 8,*ri/ianity & ,fai?10 be=e an audi5ce :i* cr[d$ e corn] ( ! ,free ,libr>y1 ,norwi*4 ,he said3 ,9 deliv]+ ! la/ ( ?is c\rse ( lectures1 p]mit me to comm5ce by express+ my regret1 t ^? :o diff] f me consid] x necess>y to %[ _! disagreem5t 9 ! mann] 9 :i* x 0 express$ la/ night1 on my leav+ ?is room4 ,if x _h be5 ! conduct ( "s ignorant "y p]sons only1 ,i %\ld n h deem$ x "r to wa/e "o mom5t 9 br++ ! matt] be=e y1 b !re 7 full-gr[n & dec5tly dress$ p]sons1 :o 7 di/ribut+ religi\s tracts1 :o enc\rag$ o!rs 9 foll[+ me1 & us+ f\l language4 ,i c\ld n help feel+ h[ /rong 0 ! cause :i* ,i advocate1 & h[ wret*$ly weak ! cause ( my oppon5ts1 :5 su* weapons 7 resort$ to 9 lieu ( fair reply4 ,i n[ address myself to ! la/ s]mon ( ! ,bi%op ( ,pet]bor\gh1 entitl$ 8,*ri/ianity & ,fai?40 ,! fir/ portion ( ?is 0 a recapitulation ( ! pr9cipal argum5ts ( ! two previ\s s]mons1 & !n he made a /atem5t utt]ly oppos$ to ! :ole purpose ( 8 s]mons4 ,i w deal ) ! exact purport1 if ,i d n read to y ! precise words he utt]$4 ,he said1 ,x is a wa/e ( "t to endeav\r to satisfy ! consi/5t sceptic4 ,he said1 ,we ,*ri/ians1 h absolutely no?+ 9 common ) ! consi/5t sceptic4 ,if t be true1 :y did ! ,bi%op come to prea* ! c\rse ( s]mons to w9 back sceptics to ! ,*ur*8 ,:y did ! ,dean & ,*apt] inaugurate ! c\rse ( s]mons1 if x 01 9 _! op9ion1 impossible to satisfy ! sceptic8 ,:y did ! ,bi%op say x 0 n only to /r5g!n ! fai? ( ^? 9 ! *ur*1 b to w9 back ^? :o _h left x8 ,if x be n possible to w9 !m back1 !n ! :ole c\rse ( s]mons 0 a m]e pret5ce1 & ,i put x t ! ,bi%op 01 ei!r consci\sly or unconsci\sly1 mislead+ 8 he>]s z to 8 real views1 or t he did n "k :at he 0 talk+ ab\t4 ,! ,bi%op (f]$ "s advice to ,*ri/ians = deal+ ) sceptics4 ,he said1 ,be=e y all[ a sceptic to put y\r belief to ! pro(1 ask him :at is x t he believes4 ,t is :at y h no "r to d4 ,! sceptic does n come to y at all to =ce 8 op9ions on y4 ,y come to him :5 he is 9 ! cradle1 & by aid ( e>ly habit & repetition ( phrases 9 lieu ( ?\ghts1 y put y\r religion into him1 y tra9 him to accept y\r religion 9 s*ool1 y fa%ion 8 bra9-p[] be=e x has /ability = resi/ance4 ,he has a "r to express 8 disbelief 9 y\r religion1 & y h no "r to pret5d to answ] him ) a m]e ,:at d y believe8 ,!re is no equality 9 ! two positions2 religion is law-protect$1 scepticism is law-condemn$2 & ! ,bi%op has no "r to take su* gr\nd3 a sceptic's ignorance w\ld be no evid5ce ( a believ]'s k4 ,b give ! ,bi%op ! full b5efit ( ! gr\nd1 & :at does x am\nt to except t1 aft] ! ,dean & ,*apt] _h made a p>ade ( _! desire to answ] infidelity1 decl>+ t !y w\ld h ! mo/ compet5t man1 ?is mo/ compet5t man is oblig$ to say1 ,! only way ,i advise y to meet mod]n infidelity is by admitt+ 9 effect1 t y c d no m = y\r fai? ?an to ask ! infidel1 ,:at d y believe8 ,i dismiss ?is2 x is ( s trifl+ a "* t if x _h n =m$ a prom95t "p ( ! ,bi%op's s]mon1 x w\ld n h be5 wor? notic+4 ,! ,bi%op1 9 deal+ ) ,*ri/ianity & ,fai?1 said t morality is built on fai?1 & t 9 ord] to be moral & h a code ( morality1 we mu/ ex]cise an act ( fai?1 & believe 9 our high] & bett] nature4 ,:at is our bett] nature1 judg+ by ! ,*ur*man's /&>d8 ,! ,articles ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& decl>e t our nature is always lu/+ to d evil4 ,! ,litany says t ea* man is always try+ to d wick$ly1 & entreats ! ,"l to deliv] u f ! lu/s ( ! fle%4 ,h[ !n c we be ask$ to tru/ 9 a high] or bett] nature1 :i* ! ,*ur* decl>es is a nature fall51 deprav$1 & con/antly t5d+ to evil8 ,! doctr9e ( ! ,bible is t !re is none :o does good1 t man's ?\ghts are evil cont9ually4 ,x is suffici5t = me to quote ! ,litany 9 :i* ! ,bi%op took "p be=e 8 s]mon1 :i* said t we are all mis]able s9n]s1 & pray$ ,god to be m]ciful to u4 ,h[ c we rise to our high] & bett] nature1 if ! exi/5ce ( t high] & bett] nature be au?oritatively d5i$8 ,! ,bi%op says !re is an et]nal opposition 9 our nature1 betwe5 :at he calls ! sceptical und]/&+ & ! spiritual faculty1 betwe5 ! m9d :i* we %>e ) ! animal & 8! s\l1 :i* we ,*ri/ians believe we specially d]ive f ,god40 ,let u cle> away a little difficulty "h4 ,by m9d ,i mean ! totality ( c]ebral ability & its results 9 activity1 & ,i d5y t we %>e m9d ) any o!r animal at all4 ,ea* animal has ! m9d special & peculi> to its own organisation2 & div]se races ( m5 h div]se *>act]s & degrees ( m9d1 limit$ by1 & result+ f1 _! organisation & its developm5t4 ,b x is ! ,bible1 & n ! sceptic1 t says ! m9d ( man & ! m9ds ( all o!r animals are on a level4 ,! ,bi%op says t ! sceptic w\ld degrade man to ! level ( ! bea/4 ,y h only to take ! ,bible & y w read3 8,i said 9 my he>t conc]n+ ! e/ate ( ! sons ( m51 t ,god might manife/ !m1 & t !y might see t !y !mselves are bea/s4 ,= t :i* befalle? ! sons ( m5 befalle? bea/s2 ev5 "o ?+ befalle? !m 4 4 4 s t a man ha? no pre-em95ce above a bea/40 ,if ! doctr9e is degrad+1 x is ! ,bible t tea*es ! doctr9e1 & n ! sceptic4 ,free?9k]s nev] cont5d = any?+ ( ! k9d4 ,on ! contr>y1 we say t ! sup]iority ( ! intellect is di/9ctly m>k$ 9 its developm5t1 t n only are m5 m5tally sup]ior to all o!r animals1 b t "s races ( m5 are va/ly sup]ior to o!rs4 ,:at does ! ,bi%op mean by opposition betwe5 m9d & s\l8 ,he did n tr\ble to give any evid5ce ( ! exi/5ce ( :at he calls s\l z ap>t f m9d4 ,i *all5ge any "o :o may foll[ me to give me any evid5ce ( any sort ( exi/5ce ap>t f m9d1 t we c call s\l4 ,! ,bi%op said t !re is a con/ant opposition betwe5 ! intellectual faculty1 ! m9d :i* we %>e 9 common ) ! bea/1 & ! spiritual s\l4 ,i d5y t ! ,bi%op advanc$ ! slighte/ pro( (--or gave any clue to--any su* s\l4 ,i d5y t x is possible = any man to conceive ! exi/5ce ( two sep>ate exi/5ces 9 man3 "o1 m9d2 ! o!r1 s\l4 ,z to ! opposition betwe5 !m1 ! ,bi%op says t ,god creat$ man's intellectual faculties1 & t he also end[$ man ) a s\l2 & t ! s\l is ho/ile to ! m9d2 & t ! m9d is l[ & grovell+1 always 9 ho/ility to ! s\l4 ,he ?us makes ,god put into man a degrad+ nature1 always ho/ile to religion1 & 9 a con/ant /ruggle ) ! s\l4 ,no m degrad+ supposition c be made respect+ ,god1 :o is ?us pictur$ z a malici\s fi5d2 & if ! ,bi%op _h int5d$ to make infidels1 he c\ld n h contriv$ m effectual means ?an ! prea*+ ?is doctr9e4 ,! ,bi%op1 aft] deal+ ) ! mann] 9 :i* ! spiritual "p ( our nature ov]comes :at he calls ! animal1 ! intellectual or m5tal "p ( our nature--= he us$ all ^! words to describe ! natural man at w> ) ! spiritual man--says t ! mann] 9 :i* ! spiritual conqu]s ! o!r1 is only by ! unconsci\s tra9+ ( ! man 9 ,*ri/ian society4 ,! ,bi%op says t ,god has made _m millions ( m51 & giv5 !m m9ds 9 opposition to _! s\ls1 t ^! m9ds are /rong en\gh to lead m5 to evil1 & !y _c be br\ght to ,god1 unless 9 ,*ri/ian society2 s t ! ,buddhi/s1 ! ,brahm9s1 ! ,mohamm$ans1 & m5 ( all o!r p]suasions mu/ necess>ily be damn$1 because1 hav+ no ,*ri/ian society1 !re is n among/ !m ! means ( ov]com+ ?is natural m9d4 ,?is is a pretty specim5 ( ,*ri/ian tea*+4 ,b ! ,bi%op is n ev5 cont5t ) ?is4 ,hav+ told u t ,*ri/ianity is f\nd$ on an act ( fai?1 & t fai? is tru/1 he tells u t he believes t we are bett]1 nobl]1 ?an our und]/&+ w\ld p]suade u we are4 ,hav+ told u t we h a wick$ nature1 a deprav$ m9d 9 conflict ) ! _s1 he says t our morality is also to be f\nd$ on an act ( fai?1 t we are really bett] & nobl] t we suppose4 ,:]e d we f9d ! evid5ce to ju/ify ?is act ( fai?8 ,we are1 accord+ to ! ,bi%op & 8 ,*ur*1 all mis]able s9n]s1 nor c we d good )\t ! help ( ,god4 ,!re is t subtle s]p5t ! devil con/antly work+ 9 u1 & our nature is 9 league aga9/ ,god4 ,! ,bi%op says ! only way to ov]come ?is horrid nature is by ! tra9+ ( man 9 ,*ri/ian society1 & yet two m9utes aft]1 he tries to p]suade u t we are bett]1 nobl] ?an he & 8 *ur* say we are4 ,he says1 9 fact1 we are all v wick$4 ,adam ate an apple #f1jjj ye>s ago1 & we are1 9 consequ5ce1 all degrad$ & deprav$2 yet we are really no?+ ( ! k9d4 ,! ,bi%op /at$ t ! effect ( belief 9 our nobl]1 bett] nature is ! improvem5t ( our "*1 & x is by believ+ 9 :at is bett] & nobl]1 & 9 ! possibility ( be+ bett] & nobl]1 t we gr[ bett]4 ,ergo1 s long z m5 believe !y are born 9 a /ate ( natural depravity1 & t ( !mselves !y _c d good1 s long z ! mass ( m5 believe t ^? are deprav$ to damnation :o _c get tra9$ 9 ,*ri/ian society1 s long z !y believe t millions ( m5 w be lo/ because !y live )\t ev5 he>+ ( ,*ri/ at all1 s long !y mu/ be degrad$ by t belief4 ,!y mu/ believe t ,god made ! majority ( mank9d = damnation & ! m9ority = salvation2 _! fai? mu/ make !mselves into ! inc>nations ( vil5ess & ,god into an almighty fi5d4 ,! ,bi%op1 n cont5t ) su* subtle logic1 goes on to illu/rations drawn f ! ,bible1 & speaks ( ! temptation ( ,jesus 9 ! wild]ness4 ,he said !re is a moral to be drawn f ?is temptation /ory1 because ,jesus is said to h be5 ) ! wild bea/s1 & !re 0 a deep mean+ 9 ?is say+4 ,i d read ! ,gospels sometimes1 & !re=e puzzl$ myself ab\t ^! wild bea/s1 n hav+ read mu* ( !m4 ,i rememb]$ ! ,jesus-,god be+ tak5 up a high m\nta9 & %[n all ! k+doms ( ! e>?1 z a possible bribe if he w\ld wor%ip 8 own creature ! devil4 ,i rememb]$ 8 be+ tak5 up to a p9nacle ( ! temple & invit$ to ca/ himself d[n2 b ,i did n rememb]1 nor d ,i n[ rememb]1 any?+ ab\t wild bea/s1 save a few words 9 ! ,gospel ( ,m>k1 & x is n ev5 !re %[n t ^! wild bea/s _h any?+ to d ) ! ,"l's temptation4 ,:e!r ! ,bi%op has a special v]sion ( 8 own ,i d n "k4 ,ano!r po9t ( ! ,bi%op 01 t :5 l[] natures h to contemplate high] natures1 !re is "s my/]y or contradiction to ! l[] natures4 ,! man :o tries to pr$et]m9e y\r decision on an alleg$ matt] ( fact1 by decl>+ t x is too my/]i\s = y to und]/&1 & t be+ my/]i\s1 y mu/ accept x z he expla9s x1 is a juggl] ) 8 intellect1 & takes a position to :i* he has no "r4 ,! ,bi%op 0 good en\gh to talk ( our degrad+ cre$4 ,let him talk ( 8 own degrad+ cre$4 ,our cre$ has n inv5t$ a bottomless pit fill$ to its br9k ) brim/one = ev]la/+ torture1 nor has x manufactur$ a devil m mighty ?an ,god to de/roy ,god's "w4 ,our degrad+ cre$1 at any rate1 does n despair ( human k9d1 nor tell u t we %\ld be poor "h 9 ord] to be ri* h]eaft]1 & be mis]able "h t we may be happy bye & bye1 :5 ! life-ability = happ9ess is entirely gone4 ,we don't despair ( human k9d1 we ass]t ! improvability ( ! human race & we say if we make ?is life z good z we c1 we %all n be affright$ f our task by any decl>ation t we may be unhappy h]eaft]4 ,b ! ,bi%op w5t fur!r1 & c>ry+ ! w> into our camp1 he decl>$ t x 0 9 consequ5ce ( fai? 9 ,*ri/ t m5 did ,*ri/ian "w1 & he spoke ( m5 do+ good "w among ! sick1 & poor1 & ignorant1 & wret*$1 day by day because !y 7 ,*ri/ians4 ,does he mean to say t ,mohamm$ans1 & ,buddhi/s1 & ,brahm9s h among/ !m no k9dly "w = "o ano!r8 ,does he mean to say t m5 _c be human unless !y h ! special ,*ri/ian's cre$8 ,b ?is ,*ri/ian "w has be5 go+ on = #ahjj ye>s1 s at lea/ ! ,bi%op says4 ,let u turn ! pages ( its hi/ory ov] & read :at x has really done4 ,:5 ,*ri/ianity 0 cradl$ 9 ! _w1 ,italy & ,greece _h _! poets1 pa9t]s1 sculptors1 m5 ( lit]>y fame1 orators1 com$ians1 & trag$ians4 ,wait = a c5tury or two till y\r mu*-vaunt$ ,*ri/ianity has1 by ! aid ( =g]y1 fraud1 & manufactur$ miracle1 acquir$ "s =ce4 ,wait till ! prie/s1 cru%+ out all o!r le>n+1 h become ! sole lit]>y p[] 9 ,europe4 ,did !y tea* ! p8 ,no1 !y kept ! p ignorant4 7,a voice1 8,no407 ,if any "o says no1 ,i w %[ c5tury aft] c5tury :at ,*ri/ianity has be54 ,y\r fir/ c5tury ,i w n tr\ble ) until y %[ me its actual pages2 y\r second & ?ird c5turies are cr[d$ ) ! fabrication ( =g$ evid5ces1 ! canonisation ( pret5d$ sa9ts2 y\r f\r? c5tury %[s ! same "w1 & m>ks also ! qu>rels comm5c+ among/ y\rselves = ! spoils n[ l>ge en\gh to excite good ,*ri/ians aga9/ ea* o!r2 9 ! fif? c5tury ,salvian "o ( y\r own presbyt]s1 said ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* _h become su* a s9k ( vice1 t x 0 a species ( sanctity = any "o to be a little less vici\s ?an ! o!rs4 ,he says ( 8 fell[ ,*ri/ians t !y lie & *eat1 are adult]]s & murd]]s2 t x is easi] to f9d a ,*ri/ian guilty ( all ^! crimes ?an "o guilty ( none4 ,take ! six?1 sev5?1 eigh?1 n9?1 & t5? c5turies ( ,*ri/ianity1 :5 infidelity 0 almo/ p[]less1 be=e ,voltaire liv$1 be=e ,sp9osa wrote1 be=e ,bruno trod ,europe r\nd1 & y h 9 ^! c5turies1 :5 ,*ri/ianity 0 ! mo/ p[]ful1 ! d>k ages ( ?is ,european _w1 :5 all lit]ature 0 /opp$1 all philosophy 0 h9d]$1 all sci5ce manacl$ by ! ,*ur*4 ,:at 0 ! ,*ri/ian "w 9 ! elev5?1 twelf?1 & ?irte5? c5turies1 :5 ,*ri/ians m>*$ to ! ,holy ,l&8 ,let ! plund]$ & mis]able c\ntries tell2 let burn$ villages & ravi%$ wom5 %[ ! way 9 :i* ! soldi]s ( ! ,cross manife/$ _! religion ev5 to _! fell[ ,*ri/ians4 ,let ^! pages ( blood & rap9e be read = ,*ri/ian "w4 ,:]e !n 0 lib]ty or popul> rights8 ,:5 ! k+1 ! b>ons1 & ! prie/s 7 9 p[]1 did ,*ri/ianity help ! p to get lib]ty8 ,x is only )9 ! la/ #cjj ye>s1 s9ce ! rise ( h]esy 9 ,europe1 t ! p h ga9$ any fre$om4 ,! ,*ur* ( ,engl& may say1 ,?is is n our "w2 b x is a bran* ( ! ,*ur* ( ,rome1 & ought n to repudiate ! trunk x grew f4 ,nay1 x has n ev5 ! same "r to plead to u z ! ,*ur* ( ,rome4 ,! ,*ur* ( ,rome is consi/5t1 & says to its foll[]s1 ,y on religion are unable to ?9k1 we w & we d ?9k = y4 ,! ,*ur* ( ,engl& says1 ,y h a "r to ?9k = y\rselves1 b damns y if y ?9k diff]5tly f ! ,*ur*4 ,y say t hospitals are ! fruits ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,:]e1 save 9 ! mona/]ies1 7 ! hospitals = #aejj ye>s8 ,y boa/ ( s*ools4 ,:]e 7 ^! at all = #aejj ye>s8 ,!re 7 ev5 9 ?is c\ntry none wor?y ( ! "n = little *ildr5 till ,rob]t ,ow5 set 8 example at ,new ,lan>k4 ,y talk ( go+ into ! back /reets1 b is x n true t squalor1 mis]y1 & vice1 cr[d ! back /reets because ! ,bi%ops & ! ,engli% ,*ur* h tak5 s mu* f ! p1 & h s h9d]$ ! populace f self-improvem5t1 t !y h only back /reets !mselves to live 91 :ile !y build palaces = ! k+1 & magnific5t /ructures = ! ,*ur*8 ,i attack ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& because ! ,*ur* has *all5g$ me4 ,i attack x z a lee* t = c5turies has suck$ ! life-blood out ( ! p1 & :i*1 ) ! p[] to aid & help civilisation1 has done no?+ b ret>d x4 ,! ,bi%op said1 ,let u suppose ! exi/5ce ( a supremely righte\s1 true1 & holy be+2 let u suppose a revelation f su* a be+2 :at d y suppose su* a revelation %\ld be l8 & he urg$ t ! ,*ri/ian possess$ su* a revelation z gr\ndwork = 8 fai?4 ,i hold ! suppos$ revelation 9 my h&4 ,:at does x reveal8 ,t ,god made man & woman 9 ! same day1 b t he made !m sep>ately1 ! man long be=e ! woman4 ,t ,god gave !m ! fruit ( e tree = food1 b prohibit$ !m f eat+ ! fruit ( "o tree1 & nev] int5d$ t ( ano!r to be eat5 by !m2 t he plac$ ! man & woman 9 a g>d5 )9 rea* ( ! tree ^: fruit !y 7 =bidd5 to eat on pa9 ( dea?1 b ! fruit ( :i* 0 made good = food & pleasant to ! eyes2 t ,god made a s]p5t m subtle ?an all ! bea/s ( ! field2 t ?is s]p5t tempt$ ,eve1 & %e ate ! =bidd5 fruit1 & gave to ! man :o ate also1 & ?us bo? fell2 t ,god1 :o _h =ese5 & pr$e/9$ all ?is t]rible f>ce1 curs$ = ,adam's sake all human k9d1 millions be+ ?us involv$ 9 ,adam's ru94 ,t all ?is 0 ! "w ( an all-wise & all-good ,god1 ) :om is no v>iabl5ess nor %ad[ ( turn+4 ,?is ,god1 :o is n a man t he c rep5t1 aft]w>ds rep5t$ t he _h made man1 &1 al?\gh n subject to passions1 x griev$ him at 8 he>t1 & he resolv$ to de/roy all mank9d4 ,t1 man's ?\ghts be+ wick$1 ?is ,god ( love & =giv5ess1 ( long suff]+ & lov+ k9dness1 de/roy$ n only ! full-gr[n man & woman1 b also ! little *ild z yet )\t ?\ght4 ,man's ?\ghts be+ wick$1 ,god dr[n$ ! :ole _w1 includ+ bird1 bea/1 & creep+ ?+4 ,did y ev] picture to y\rselves ?is /ory ( ! flood8 ,j pa9t 9 imag9ation a "m ) h] *ild 9 h] arms1 we>ily toil+ up "s hill1 slipp]y ) ! fall+ wat]s4 ,see h] flee+ f ! waves com+ swift beh9d1 l rav5\s wolves1 ) gap+ m\?s gre$y = h] life4 ,imag9e h] cry to heav5 = m]cy1 n = h]self alone1 n s mu* = h]self1 b = h] *ild1 a *ild1 :i* suck+ at h] brea/1 z yet kn[s no s94 ,!n picture y\r all-lov+ & m]ciful ,god %utt+ 8 e>s to h] wild %rieks = m]cy1 & dr[n+ h] & h] babe 9 ! flood4 ,did y ev] picture to y\rselves ! sc5e :51 ! _w be+ aga9 peopl$1 its inhabitants int5d$ to build a t[] t w\ld rea* to heav51 & ,god1 ! all-wise1 he>+ ( x 9 heav51 :]e he !n resid$1 came d[n to e>? to see :e!r ! rum\r 0 true1 & f9d+ t x 01 conf\nd$ ! language ( m58 ,d y recollect h[ ,god *ose ,abraham--& ,i don't d5y t he 0 wor? *oos+1 a man :o 0 j #ge ye>s old :5 he _h liv$ #ace ye>s--h[ ,god1 ! inf9ite & omnipres5t1 came d[n f heav5 & told ,abraham t 9 8 se$ all ! nations ( ! e>? %\ld be bless$2 & t ,abraham1 ?\gh s old t 8 body 0 8z good z dead10 %\ld h a son 9 8 old age8 ,h y read h[ ,god1 :o _c lie1 ) a cov5ant & an oa? promis$ a c]ta9 l& to ,abraham1 & h[ he nev] gave him 8s mu* z to set 8 foot on80 ,h y read h[ ,s>ah1 x hav+ ceas$ to be ) h] aft] ! mann] ( wom51 laugh$ :5 ,god made ! promise ( a son2 h[ ,god ask$ :y %e laugh$2 & h[ ,s>ah1 ^: fai? is prais$1 d5i$ to ,god's v face t %e _h laugh$ at all8 ,h y read t ,god said1 ,i am ! ,god ( ,abraham1 ( ,isaac1 & ( ,jacob2 t ,jacob prov$ to be a knave & a li>2 t ,jacob made a conditional b>ga9 ) ! ,almighty ,god1 t if ! ,"l w\ld d c]ta9 ?+s = him1 !n ! ,"l %\ld be 8 ,god8 ,h y read h[ ,god promis$ to protect ,abraham's *ildr51 & h[ !y became slaves 9 ,egypt1 & h[ he left !m to be oppress$8 ,h y read h[1 he>+ _! cries1 ,god took !m out ( ,egypt1 among/ a numb] ( nations :o _h committ$ no crime aga9/ ! ,jews1 b 7 creat$ by ,god to be de/roy$ by 8 *os5 p8 ,h y trac$ ! track ( blood & murd] f ,egypt to ,pale/9e8 ,h y read h[ ,god gave ! ,israelites ! "r to make w> on any city1 & if ! inhabitants made peace1 !n !y 7 tribut>ies1 b if n 8,i1 ! ,"l ,god1 w deliv] !m into ?y h&s2 ?\ %alt smite !m utt]ly1 & leave alive no?+ t brea!?80 ,i say t ?is is n a revelation ( love2 x is ! revelation1 ! outgr[? ( ! in/9cts1 ( a b>b>\s & brutal p4 ,my ,"l ,bi%op1 n cont5t ) rely+ on ?is revelation1 aft] tell+ u t ! exi/5ce ( a ,deity _c be demon/rat$1 seeks to supply u ) a demon/ration by a vague ref]5ce to ! argum5t f design4 ,he says t !re are 9 ! univ]se evid5ces ( a design]4 ,?is argum5t f design is a mo/ dang]\s "o1 = ! exi/5ce ( /+s & fangs may be evid5ces ( a design+ malevol5ce2 b p]mit me to dismiss ! argum5t ) a quotation f ,sir ,william ,hamilton4 ,he says3 8,we are utt]ly unable to conceive t x is possible = ! complem5t ( exi/5ce to h be5 ei!r increas$ or dim9i%$4 ,we _c1 on ! "o h&1 conceive ( no?+ becom+ some?+1 or on ! o!r h&1 ( some?+ becom+ no?+40 ,i *all5ge ! ,"l ,bi%op to %[ t x is possible to imag9e any "t :5 ! :ole ( ! univ]se did n exi/4 ,creation6 :o is x t really believes 9 creation8 ,d any ( y8 ,let u fa?om ! dep?s ( ! pa/ z f> back z we w1 !re is /ill ! great imp5etrable beyond4 ,no man1 ev5 9 ?\ght1 c annihilate exi/5ce1 or br+ to light a fir/ evolution ( nature1 & say1 ,"h ! univ]se began4 ,!re c be no orig9ation ( ! univ]se conceivable by ! human m9d4 ,b suppose y c\ld 9 ?\ght annihilate ! univ]se4 ,y say t ,god is un*angeable4 ,0 !re a mom5t :5 he began to create8 ,!n is n t an assumption ( an act ( *ange8 ,i w n /op to argue on ?is po9t4 ,! bi%op did n on ?is head condesc5d to argue at all4 ,8 ?ird s]mon 0 only a torr5t ( ably deliv]$ words1 & h[ev] fitt+ x might be = ^? ^: fai? 0 firm1 x 0 useless = draw+ to ! ,*ur* ^? )\t fai?4 ,! ,bi%op says1 ,our fai? 9 ,*ri/ is confirm$ by ! /ory ( 8 life z record$ by 8 disciples4 ,he says t :e!r ! ,gospel ( ,john is true or untrue1 x conta9s ! del9eation ( a p]fect be+4 ,he spoke ( ,*ri/ z be+ bett] ?an any man ! _w has yet se51 z ! only tea*] ^: life 0 bett] ?an 8 tea*+4 ,:at is ! hi/ory ( 8 life8 ,jesus 0 born )\t a fa!r4 ,8 "m's husb& _h two fa!rs4 ,jesus 0 desc5d$ f ,david1 ?r\gh ,joseph1 :o 0 n 8 fa!r4 ,he 0 born 9 ! reign ( ,h]od1 b 0 n born till aft] ! dea? ( ,h]od4 ,jesus pass$ 8 e>ly life 9 ,egypt1 b he 0 dur+ ! same "t 9 ,juda4 ,he 0 baptis$ by ,john1 :o knew him be=e ! baptism1 b :o did n "k him till he _h be5 baptis$4 ,jesus 0 tak5 into ! wild]ness1 :]e he fa/$ =ty days1 b he 0 dur+ "p ( ! same "t at a m>riage fea/ 9 ,cana ( ,galilee4 ,dur+ ! =ty days' fa/+1 ! devil took ,jesus to ! top ( a high m\nta91 & %[$ him all ! k+doms ( ! _w1 & said1 ,all ^! w ,i give !e1 x ?\ wilt fall d[n & wor%ip me4 ,yet ?is ,jesus 01 z ! ,bi%op tea*es1 v ,god ( v ,god2 & if s1 c\ld n be tempt$ ) an (f] ( 8 own creation by 8 own creature2 & ! temptation mu/ h be5 a %am4 ,jesus is said to h work$ miracles1 b ! p :o _h ! opportunity ( see+ !m nev] believ$ 9 !m or him4 ,he f$ #e1jjj p]sons ) five loaves & a few fi%es1 & yet 8 own disciples--:o1 he promis$1 %\ld sit on twelve ?rones1 judg+ ! tribes ( ,israel--:5 _m p]sons _h to be f$ at ano!r "t1 wond]$ h[ x 0 to be done4 ,jesus 0 betray$ by ,judas ) a kiss2 b he 0 n s betray$1 = :5 ! arm$ m5 came to ,jesus he ask$ !m1 ,:om seek ye8 & !y answ]$1 ,jesus ( ,naz>e?2 he said1 ,i am he4 ,jesus 0 crucifi$ e>ly 9 ! morn+1 & yet at noon he 0 /ill on 8 trial4 ,jesus 0 ?ree days & ?ree nights 9 ! grave2 b he 0 crucifi$ on ,friday1 8 body 0 tak5 d[n f ! cross on ,friday ev5+1 & x mu/ h be5 late on ,friday ev5+ :5 he 0 put into ! sepul*re2 ! fir/ p :o look$ into x on ,saturday night1 z x began to dawn t[>ds ,sunday morn+1 f\nd t ! body 0 gone2 s t f ,friday night till ,sunday morn+1 made ?ree days & ?ree nights6 ,jesus appe>$ to two ( 8 disciples1 & !y did n "k him2 he walk$ ) !m till ! ev5+1 & !n !y knew him4 ,:5 x 0 daylight !y did n "k him1 b :5 x 0 d>k !n !y knew him4 ,:ile !y c\ld see him1 !y did n "k him2 :5 !y knew him1 !y c\ld n see him4 ,su* is ! /ory ( ,jesus4 ,x is n true t 8 life 0 bett] ?an t ( any o!r man4 ,i w take a noble life1 & put x aga9/ ! life ( ,jesus1 ! life ( ! ,infidel ,bruno aga9/ ! life ( y\r ,god ,jesus4 ,bruno 0 born ne> ,naples1 & tra9$ z a monk4 ,leav+ 8 m9i/ry1 to tea* p 9 _! vulg> tongue1 he 0 driv5 out ( ,italy4 ,go+ to ,switz]l&1 bigotry 0 too /rong1 & he 0 driv5 !nce4 ,at ,p>is he debat$ ) ! doctors ( ! ,sorbonne1 until argum5ts fail+ !m1 !y drove him away ) ?reats ( ! faggot4 ,f ,p>is he w5t to ,engl&1 !re debat+ at ,ox=d & ,cambridge2 !nce to ,g]many2 & !nce back to ,italy1 :]e a prison await$ him1 z a full refutation ( 8 h]esies1 :]e he 0 conf9$ 9 a dungeon = elev5 ye>s1 :]e ! rack 0 ! answ] to 8 argum5ts1 & :]e he at la/ di$1 a gallant m>tyr at ! /ake4 ,he di$ fe>lessly confront+ 8 enemies1 hav+ truly told !m t !y _h m fe> 9 condemn+ him to be burn$ alive1 ?an he _h 9 be+ condemn$4 ,jesus 0 ,god1 & c\ld n die2 b if y\r ,bible be true1 8 la/ words 7 a despair+ cry1 8,my ,god1 my ,god1 :y ha/ ?\ =sak5 me80 ,comp>e ^! two m5 9 _! lives & _! dea?s1 & see :i* 0 ! nobl] & ! brav]4 ,jesus did n come to save ! _w4 ,he said1 ,i am s5t only to ! lo/ %eep ( ,israel4 ,jesus told 8 disciples n to g to ! ,g5tiles1 be =bade !m ev5 to visit ! ,sam>itans1 & x 0 n till aft] 8 resurrection t he said1 ,g ye into all ! _w1 & prea* ! ,gospel to e creature4 ,i h spok5 9 language :i* y may ?9k unfitt+ = su* a !me4 ,d y believe ! ,bi%op1 t ,jesus di$ to save all mank9d8 ,d y believe ! doctr9e1 t only ^? :o h fai? 9 ,jesus c be sav$8 ,:at is to become ( ^? :o h nev] he>d 8 "n8 ,d y believe t all ! ,*9ese w be damn$8 ,if y believe ?is1 :at mu/ y ?9k ( ,god8 ,if y believe t ! ,*9ese w be p>don$1 because !y _c be expect$ to believe 9 ,jesus ( :om !y h n he>d1 h[ c y be s wick$ z to s5d !m ,bibles & mission>ies1 :i* may br+ !m to damnation8 ,i plead "h = :at "s call infidelity1 = :at "s call h]esy4 ,i plead = ! rights ( humanity4 ,i plead aga9/ a sy/em :i*1 to my m9d1 has greatly h9d]$ ! education ( ! _w1 & imp$$ its improvem5t2 & if y tell me t my language is co>se & blasphem\s1 ,i w ask y 9 :at language d y\r mission>ies describe ! ,mohamm$an & 8 ,koran1 ! ,brahm9 & 8 ,v$as8 ,y call me an ,infidel2 :at are y8 ,y disbelieve all ! religions ( ! _w save "o1 ,i disbelieve t "o also2 my disbelief is b "o degree great] ?an y\rs4 ,a ,bi%op comes n[ 9 ! nave ( ! ,ca!dral1 to answ] mod]n ,infidelity4 ,:y does mod]n ,infidelity exi/8 ,:y has ,infidelity gr[n8 ,x has gr[n because ! ,*ur* has gr[n fat & ! p lean4 ,x has gr[n because ,convocation quibbles ov] rites & =mul>ies1 in/ead ( devis+ s*emes = ! r$emption ( mank9d f ignorance2 because ! ,*ur* said no?+ :ile back /reets 7 built = ! poor1 & gr& abbeys & ca!drals = ! prie/4 ,! ri* gr[ ri*] & ! poor gr[ poor]1 :ile ! ,*ur* pret5ds to reg>d z a bless+ ! pov]ty %e c>efully avoids4 ,! ,*ur* pret5ds to h ! au?ority to speak 9 ! "n ( ,god1 & ! ,bi%op1 on t la/ ev5+1 pray$ = my conv]sion4 ,y see ! effect ( t pray] 9 ^! lectures4 ,cl]gym5 ?rew d[n ! gauntlet1 & x has be5 tak5 up4 ,we h be5 attack$1 & we w compel ! ,*ur* to af=d u a he>+4 ,y h n[ no "r to say t we are too insignificant1 aft] y h y\rselves *all5g$ u to ! fray4 ,y mu/ n pret5d t mod]n ,infidelity is too blasphem\s2 y h und]tak5 to confute x by compet5t p]sons4 ,i appeal to ,*ri/ians ( e sect = "o ?+ only2 ,i don't ask y to give me y\r fai?1 b to rememb] t amid ! hundr$s ( religions ) innum]able antagoni/ic ,*ur*es & ,*apels1 t amid ! multiplicity ( error1 y may be wrong4 ,we d n pret5d to be p]fect ?9k]s1 nor ?9k]s free f error2 we claim only to be e>ne/ ?9k]s1 desir+ to be set "r :]e wrong4 ,i d5y ! "r ( any ,*ur* to pret5d to be ! only true ,*ur*4 ,i take ! "r to utt] my ?\ghts4 ,! ,*ur* ( ,engl& is a rott5 ,*ur*1 a fall+ ,*ur*1 a ,*ur* divid$ aga9/ itself1 a ,*ur* ) ,col5sos & ,voyseys1 z aga9/ ,puseys & ,mackono*ies1 a ,*ur* :i* by ! admission ( h] own div9es is illogical1 :i* _c def5d h] ,?irty-n9e ,articles1 nor h] ,a?anasian ,cre$4 ,i h f9i%$ ^! lectures1 & ,i ask ^? :o int5d to foll[ me to rememb] t ,free?\ght has done some?+ s9ce ! days ( ,sp9oza1 ,c>apanella1 & ,bruno4 ,x is only s9ce ,free?9k]s began to fight aga9/ ! ,*ur* t !re has be5 any real popul> progress made by y ,lib]als4 ,! ,*ur* has n help$ y at all4 ,x has by its b5* ( bi%ops h9d]$ y\r re=ms z long z x c\ld1 & ma9ta9$ ti!s & exactions & bad laws till humanity rebell$ aga9/ ! ob/ruction4 ,:e!r "r or wrong1 we h at lea/ done some?+ to make ! _w bett] wor? liv+ 94 7,applause47 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,pr9t$ by ,au/9 ,co41 #ag ,johnson's ,c\rt1 ,fleet ,/reet1 ,london ,e4,c4 ,,works ,,publi%$ ,,by ,,au/9 ,,co4 #ag1 ,johnson's ,c\rt1 ,fleet ,/reet4 ,! ,rights ( ,man4 ,by ,?omas ,pa9e #a #c ,common ,s5se1 be+ an ,address to ! ,inhabitants ( ,am]ica #j #f on sev]al int]e/+ subjects4 ,by ,?omas ,pa9e ,an ,address to ! ,p ( ,france on ! ,abolition ( #j #b ,royalty4 ,by ,?omas ,pa9e4 ,to :i* are add$ sev]al int]e/+ extracts on ! subject ( ! ,fr5* ,revolution ,! ,life ( ,pa9e4 ,by ! ,editor ( ! 8,national40 #j #f ,a ,lett] on ! ,affairs ( ,nor? ,am]ica1 address$ to ! #j #f ,abbe ,raynal4 ,by ,?omas ,pa9e ,! ,age ( ,reason4 ,be+ an ,inve/igation ( ,true & #a #j ,fabul\s ,!ology4 ,by ,?omas ,pa9e4 ,) an ,essay on 8 ,"* & ,s]vices1 by ,g4 ,j4 ,holyoake4 ,new & ,improv$ ,edition1 po/ free ,*ri/ian ,my/]ies2 a ,dialogue betwe5 a ,*ri/ian #j #b ,mission>y & a ,*9ese ,m&>91 :]e9 ! ,my/]ies ( ! ,*ri/ian ,religion are set =?3 ! design ( :i* is1 to /imulate an ,inquiry aft] ,tru?1 & to promote a ,k ( ,*ri/ianity ,an ,address on ,free ,inquiry3 on ,fe> z a ,motive ( ,action4 #j #b ,by ,rob]t ,dale ,ow5 ,a ,lecture on ,consi/5cy4 ,by ,rob]t ,dale ,ow5 #j #b ,galileo & ! ,inquisition4 ,by ,rob]t ,dale ,ow5 #j #b ,! ,value ( ,biography 9 ! ,=mation ( ,"*4 ,by ,g4 #j #b ,j4 ,holyoake ,hume's ,essay on ,miracles #j #b ,holy ,scriptures ,analys$4 ,by ,rob]t ,coop] #j #h ,?omas ,coop]'s ,eight ,lett]s to ! ,"y ,m5 ( ! #j #f ,work+s ,classes ,wat ,tyl]4 ,a ,dramatic ,poem 9 ?ree ,acts4 ,by ,robt4 ,s\!y #j #b ,an ,inquiry conc]n+ ,political ,ju/ice1 & its ,influ5ce on #e #j ,morals & ,happ9ess4 ,by ,william ,godw94 ,two vols 9 "o1 clo? lett]$ ,moral ,physiology3 a ,brief & ,pla9 ,treatise on ! #j #f ,population ,"q4 ,by ,rob]t ,dale ,ow5 ,fruits ( ,philosophy3 or ! ,private ,companion ( ,"y #j #f ,m>ri$ ,p4 ,by ,*>les ,kn[lton1 ,m4,d4 ,a ,brief ,sket* ( ! ,life ( ,p]cy ,bys%e ,%elley #j #b ,c]ebral ,physiology & ,mat]ialism4 ,an address deliv]$ to #j #d ! ,phr5ological ,association 9 #ahdb by ,w4 ,c4 ,engl$ue1 ,m4,d4 ,) a lett] f ,dr4 ,elliotson1 on ,mesm]ic ,phr5ology & ,mat]ialism ,! ,vision ( ,judgm5t1 by ,"l ,byron 7"u ! title ( #j #c ,quev$o ,r$ivivus71 sugge/$ by ! composition s entitl$ by ! au?or ( 8,wat ,tyl]0 ,! ,d\bts ( ,infidels2 or qu]ies relative to ,scriptural #j #c ,inconsi/5cies & ,contradictions4 ,) all ! ,contradictory passages ( ! ,bible c>efully giv5 ,! ,spee* ( ,rob]t ,emmett1 ,esq41 z deliv]$ 9 ! #j #a ,sessions ,h\se1 ,dubl91 be=e ,"l ,norbury1 on be+ f\nd guilty ( high treason 9 #ahjc ,! ,masque ( ,an>*y1 to :i* are add$ 8,que5 ,lib]ty10 #j #c & song 8,to ! ,m5 ( ,engl&40 ,by ,p4 ,b4 ,%elley4 ,) a preface by ,leigh ,hunt ,mod]n ,slav]y4 ,by ! ,abb de ,lam5nais4 ,) a few notes #j #d ,! ,life & ,"* ( ,ri*>d ,c>lile4 ,by ,g4 ,j4 ,holyoake #j #f