,,animals' ,,rights ,,animals' ,,rights ,,consid]$ ,,9 ,,relation ,,to ,,social ,,progress ,,by ,,h5ry ,s4 ,,salt ,,revis$ ,,edition ,,london ,g4 ,,bell ,,& ,,sons1 ,,ltd4 ,,york ,,h\se1 ,,portugal ,,/reet #aibb ,,to ,,my ,,fri5d ,,h[>d ,,williams ,,& ,,o!r ,,humanit>ian ,,colleagues ,,preface ,z a memorial ( "w done on behalf ( ! rights ( animals1 x has be5 ?\ght fitt+1 by memb]s & fri5ds ( ! late ,humanit>ian ,league1 t a new edition ( ?is little book %\ld be publi%$ 9 ! ye> t br+s ! c5t5>y ( 8,m>t9's ,act10 ! fir/ legislation = ! prev5tion ( cruelty to ! non-human races4 ,( ! progress made 9 ?is bran* ( e?ics1 s9ce #ahbb1 "s acc\nt is incid5tally giv5 9 ! book2 & dur+ ! la/ few ye>s ! advance has be5 /eadily cont9u$4 ,att5tion has be5 drawn1 = in/ance1 to ! antiquat$ me?ods employ$ 9 ! slaught] ( animals = food2 & ?is has correspond$ ) an increase 9 ! practice ( veget>ianism4 ,! treatm5t ( o!r dome/ic animals1 su* z pit ponies1 & ! worn-out horses export$ to ! ,cont95t1 has /irr$ ! public consci5ce2 & at ! same "t ! cruelty & folly ( :at is te*nically kn[n z 8! wild animal indu/ry0--! kidnapp+ ( 8specim5s0 = exhibition 9 zoological g>d5s1 or z 8p]=m+ animals0 on ! /age--are becom+ bett] und]/ood4 ,aga91 ! disgu/ caus$ by ! ravages ( 8murd]\s mill9]y0 7a t]m fir/ us$ z a *apt]-head+ 9 ?is book7 has tak5 visible %ape 9 ! rec5t ,act = ! regulation ( ! plumage trade2 & ev5 8sport10 ! la/ & de>e/ /ronghold ( ! savage1 has be5 s]i\sly m5ac$1 n only by ! discont9uance ( ! ,royal ,buckh\nds 9 #aija1 b also lately by ! emphatic condemnation ( pigeon-%oot+4 ,! core ( ! cont5tion = a recognition ( ! rights ( animals w be f\nd 9 ! foll[+ passage ( a lett] address$ by ,mr4 ,?omas ,h>dy to ! ,humanit>ian ,league 9 #aiaj3 8,few p seem to p]ceive fully z yet t ! mo/ f>-rea*+ consequ5ce ( ! e/abli%m5t ( ! common orig9 ( all species is e?ical2 t x logically involv$ a readju/m5t ( altrui/ic morals1 by enl>g+1 z a necessity ( rightness1 ! application ( :at has be5 call$ #8,! ,gold5 ,rule' f ! area ( m]e mank9d to t ( ! :ole animal k+dom4444 ,:ile man 0 deem$ to be a creation ap>t f all o!r creations1 a second>y or t]ti>y morality 0 consid]$ good en\gh to practise t[>ds ! #8inf]ior' races2 b no p]son :o reasons n[adays c escape ! try+ conclusion t ?is is n ma9ta9able40 ,x may be tak51 p]haps1 z a sign ( ! ext5sion ( humane ideas t1 s9ce its fir/ appe>ance 9 #ahib1 ?is essay on 8,animals' ,rights0 has pass$ ?r\gh num]\s editions1 & has be5 translat$ into ,fr5*1 ,g]man1 ,dut*1 ,sw$i%1 & o!r ,european tongues4 ,valuable sugge/ions conc]n+ ! book h rea*$ me f sev]al fri5ds3 9 p>ticul> ,i am indebt$ to ,sir ,george ,gre5wood1 :o has be5 actively associat$1 bo? 9 ,p>liam5t & else:]e1 ) ! cause ( ju/ice to animals4 ,h4 ,s4 ,s4 ,janu>y #aibb4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,*ap4 ,,page ,i4 ,,! ,,pr9ciple ,,( ,,animals' ,,rights #a ,,ii4 ,,! ,,case ,,( ,,dome/ic ,,animals #bc ,,iii4 ,,! ,,case ,,( ,,wild ,,animals #cd ,,iv4 ,,! ,,slaught] ,,( ,,animals ,,= ,,food #da ,v4 ,,sport1 ,,or ,,amateur ,,but*]y #ej ,,vi4 ,,murd]\s ,,mill9]y #ei ,,vii4 ,,exp]im5tal ,,torture #fg ,,viii4 ,,l9es ,,( ,,re=m #gg ,,app5dices #ie ,,bibliography #aag ,,index #abc ,,animals' ,,rights4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,! ,,pr9ciple ,,( ,,animals' ,,rights4 ,h ! l[] animals 8rights08 ,und\bt$ly--if m5 h4 ,t is ! po9t ,i wi% to make evid5t 9 ?is op5+ *apt]4 ,b h m5 rights8 ,let x be /at$ at ! outset t ,i h no int5tion ( discuss+ ! ab/ract !ory ( rights1 :i* at ! pres5t "t is look$ ^u ) suspicion & disfav\r by _m social re=m]s1 s9ce x has n unfrequ5tly be5 made to cov] ! mo/ extravagant & contradictory ass]tions4 ,b ?\gh its phraseology is vague1 !re is nev]!less a solid tru? und]ly+ x--a tru? :i* has always be5 cle>ly appreh5d$ by ! moral faculty1 h[ev] difficult x may be to e/abli% x on an unassailable logical basis4 ,if m5 h n 8rights0--well1 !y h an unmi/akable intimation ( some?+ v simil>2 a s5se ( ju/ice :i* m>ks ! b\nd>y-l9e :]e acquiesc5ce ceases & resi/ance beg9s2 a dem& = fre$om to live _! own lives1 subject to ! necessity ( respect+ ! equal fre$om ( o!r p4 ,su* is ! doctr9e ( rights z =mulat$ by ,h]b]t ,sp5c]4 8,e man10 he says1 8is free to d t :i* he wills1 provid$ he infr+es n ! equal lib]ty ( any o!r man40 ,& aga91 8,:oev] admits t ea* man mu/ h a c]ta9 re/rict$ fre$om1 ass]ts t x is "r he %\ld h ?is re/rict$ fre$om4444 ,& h5ce ! sev]al p>ticul> fre$oms d$ucible may fitly be call$1 z !y commonly are call$1 8 rights0 78,ju/ice10 pp4 #df1 #fb74a ,! fitness ( ?is nom5clature is disput$1 b ! exi/5ce ( "s real pr9ciple ( ! k9d c h>dly be call$ 9 "q2 s t ! controv]sy conc]n+ 8rights0 is little else ?an an academic battle ov] words1 :i* leads to no practical conclusion4 ,i %all assume1 !re=e1 t m5 are possess$ ( 8rights10 9 ! s5se ( ,h]b]t ,sp5c]'s def9ition2 & if any ( my read]s object to ?is qualifi$ use ( ! t]m1 ,i c only say t ,i %all be p]fectly will+ to *ange ! ^w z soon z a m appropriate "o is =?com+4#b ,! imm$iate "q t claims our att5tion is ?is--if m5 h rights1 h animals _! rights also8 ,f ! e>lie/ times !re h be5 ?9k]s :o1 directly or indirectly1 answ]$ ?is "q ) an affirmative4 ,! ,buddhi/ & ,py?agorean canons1 dom9at$ p]haps by ! cre$ ( re9c>nation1 includ$ ! maxim 8n to kill or injure any innoc5t animal40 ,! humanit>ian philosoph]s ( ! ,roman empire1 among :om ,s5eca1 ,plut>*1 & ,porphyry 7 ! mo/ conspicu\s1 took /ill high] gr\nd 9 prea*+ humanity on ! broade/ pr9ciple ( univ]sal b5evol5ce4 8,s9ce ju/ice is due to rational be+s10 wrote ,porphyry1 8h[ is x possible to evade ! admission t we are b\nd also to act ju/ly t[>ds ! races bel[ u80 ,x is a lam5table fact t dur+ ! *ur*dom ( ! middle ages1 f ! f\r? c5tury to ! sixte5?1 f ! "t ( ,porphyry to ! "t ( ,montaigne1 little or no att5tion 0 paid to ! "q ( ! rights & wrongs ( ! l[] races4 ,!n1 ) ! ,re=mation & ! revival ( le>n+1 came a revival also ( humanit>ian feel+1 z may be se5 9 _m passages ( ,erasmus & ,m1 ,%akespe>e & ,bacon2 b x 0 n until ! eighte5? c5tury1 ! age ( enlight5m5t & 8s5sibility10 ( :i* ,voltaire & ,r\sseau 7 ! spokesm51 t ! rights ( animals obta9$ m delib]ate recognition4 ,f ! great ,revolution ( #aghi dates ! p]iod :5 ! _w-wide _s ( humanit>ianism1 :i* _h hi!rto be5 felt by b "o man 9 a million--! !sis ( ! philosoph] or ! vision ( ! poet--began to disclose itself1 gradually & dimly at fir/1 z an ess5tial feature ( democracy4 ,a great & f>-rea*+ effect 0 produc$ 9 ,engl& at ?is "t by ! publication ( su* revolution>y works z ,?omas ,pa9e's 8,rights ( ,man0 & ,m>y ,woll/onecraft's 8,v9dication ( ! ,rights ( ,woman02 & look+ back n[1 aft] ! lapse ( a hundr$ ye>s1 we c see t a /ill wid] ext5sion ( ! !ory ( rights 0 !nce=? inevitable4 ,9 fact1 su* a claim 0 anticipat$--if only 9 bitt] je/--by a contempor>y writ]1 :o furni%es u ) a notable in/ance ( h[ ! mock]y ( "o g5]ation may become ! reality ( ! next4 ,!re 0 publi%$ anonym\sly 9 #agib a little volume entitl$ 8,a ,v9dication ( ! ,rights ( ,brutes10#c a r$uctio ad absurdum ( ,m>y ,woll/onecraft's essay1 writt51 z ! au?or in=ms u1 8to ev9ce by demon/rative argum5ts ! p]fect equality ( :at is call$ ! irrational species to ! human40 ,! fur!r op9ion is express$ t 8aft] ^? wond]ful productions ( ,mr4 ,pa9e & ,mrs4 ,woll/onecraft1 su* a !ory z ! pres5t seems to be necess>y40 ,x 0 necess>y2 & a v %ort t]m ( ye>s suffic$ to br+ x into effect2 inde$1 ! !ory _h already be5 put =w>d by sev]al ,engli% pione]s ( n9ete5?-c5tury humanit>ianism4 ,to ,j]emy ,b5?am1 9 p>ticul>1 belongs ! high hon\r ( fir/ ass]t+ ! rights ( animals ) au?ority & p]si/5ce4 8,! legislator10 he wrote1 8ought to int]dict ev]y?+ :i* may s]ve to lead to cruelty4 ,! b>b>\s spectacles ( gladiators no d\bt contribut$ to give ! ,romans t f]ocity :i* !y display$ 9 _! civil w>s4 ,a p accu/om$ to despise human life 9 _! games c\ld n be expect$ to respect x amid ! fury ( _! passions4 ,x is prop] = ! same reason to =bid e k9d ( cruelty t[>ds animals1 :e!r by way ( amusem5t1 or to gratify gluttony4 ,cock-fights1 bull-bait+1 hunt+ h>es & foxes1 fi%+1 & o!r amusem5ts ( ! same k9d1 necess>ily suppose ei!r ! abs5ce ( reflection or a fund ( inhumanity1 s9ce !y produce ! mo/ acute suff]+s to s5sible be+s1 & ! mo/ pa9ful & l+]+ dea? ( :i* we c =m any idea4 ,:y %\ld ! law refuse its protection to any s5sitive be+8 ,! "t w come :5 humanity w ext5d its mantle ov] ev]y?+ :i* brea!s4 ,we h begun by att5d+ to ! condition ( slaves2 we %all f9i% by s(t5+ t ( all ! animals :i* assi/ our lab\rs or supply our wants40#d ,s1 too1 wrote "o ( ,b5?am's contempor>ies3 8,! gr& s\rce ( ! unm]it$ & sup]flu\s mis]y ( bea/s exi/s 9 a defect 9 ! con/itution ( all communities4 ,no human gov]nm5t1 ,i believe1 has ev] recogniz$ ! jus animalium1 :i* ought surely to =m a "p ( ! jurisprud5ce ( e sy/em f\nd$ on ! pr9ciples ( ju/ice & humanity40#e ,a numb] ( lat] morali/s h foll[$ on ! same l9es1 ) ! result t ! rights ( animals h already1 to a c]ta9 limit$ ext5t1 be5 e/abli%$ bo? 9 private usage & by legal enactm5t4 ,x is int]e/+ to note ! exact comm5cem5t ( ?is new pr9ciple 9 law4 ,:5 ,"l ,ersk9e1 speak+ 9 ! ,h\se ( ,lords 9 #ahaa1 advocat$ ! cause ( ju/ice to ! l[] animals1 he 0 greet$ ) l\d cries ( insult & d]ision4 ,b elev5 ye>s lat] ! ef=ts ( ! despis$ humanit>ians1 & especially ( ,ri*>d ,m>t91 ( ,galway1 7 rew>d$ by _! fir/ success4 ,! pass+ ( ! ,ill-treatm5t ( ,cattle ,bill1 commonly kn[n z 8,m>t9's ,act10 9 ,july1 #ahbb1 is a memorable date 9 ! hi/ory ( humane legislation1 less on acc\nt ( ! positive protection af=d$ by x1 = x appli$ only to cattle & 8bea/s ( burd510 ?an = ! invaluable prec$5t :i* x creat$4 ,f #ahbb onw>d1 ! pr9ciple ( t jus animalium = :i* ,b5?am _h plead$1 0 recogniz$1 h[ev] p>tially & t5tatively at fir/1 by ,engli% law1 & ! animals includ$ 9 ! ,act ceas$ to be ! m]e prop]ty ( _! own]s2 moreov] ! ,act has be5 sev]al times supplem5t$ & ext5d$ dur+ ! pa/ half c5tury4 ,x is sc>cely possible1 9 ! face ( ?is legislation1 to ma9ta9 t 8rights0 are a privilege ) :i* none b human be+s c be inve/$2 = if "s animals are already includ$ )9 ! pale ( protection1 :y %\ld n m & m be s includ$ 9 ! future8#f ,= ! pres5t1 h[ev]1 :at is mo/ urg5tly ne$$ is "s compreh5sive & intelligible pr9ciple1 :i* %all indicate1 9 a m consi/5t mann]1 ! true l9es ( man's moral relation t[>ds ! l[] animals4 ,hi!rto ev5 ! lead+ advocates ( animals' rights seem to h %runk f bas+ _! claim on ! only argum5t :i* c ultimately be held to be a suffici5t "o--! ass]tion t animals1 z well z m51 ?\gh1 ( c\rse1 to a f> less ext5t ?an m51 are possess$ ( a di/9ctive individuality1 & !re=e are 9 ju/ice entitl$ to live _! lives ) a due measure ( t 8re/rict$ fre$om0 to :i* ,h]b]t ,sp5c] alludes4 ,x is ( little use to claim 8rights0 = animals 9 a vague g5]al way1 if ) ! same brea? we explicitly %[ our det]m9ation to subord9ate ^? rights to any?+ & ev]y?+ t c be con/ru$ into a human 8want02 nor w x ev] be possible to obta9 full ju/ice = ! l[] races s long z we cont9ue to reg>d !m z be+s ( a :olly diff]5t ord]1 & to ignore ! significance ( _! numb]less po9ts ( k9%ip ) mank9d4 ,= example1 x has be5 said by a well-kn[n writ] on ! subject ( humanity to animals#g t 8! life ( a brute1 hav+ no moral purpose1 c be/ be und]/ood e?ically z repres5t+ ! sum ( its pleasures2 & ! obligation1 !re=e1 ( produc+ ! pleasures ( s5ti5t creatures mu/ be r$uc$1 9 _! case1 to ! ab/95ce f unnecess>y de/ruction ( life40 ,n[1 ) respect to ?is /atem5t1 ,i mu/ say t ! notion ( ! life ( an animal hav+ 8no moral purpose0 belongs to a class ( ideas :i* _c possibly be accept$ by ! advanc$ humanit>ian ?\ght ( ! pres5t day--x is a purely arbitr>y assumption1 at v>iance ) our be/ sci5ce1 & absolutely fatal 7if ! subject be cle>ly ?\ght out7 to any full realization ( animals' rights4 ,if we are ev] go+ to d ju/ice to ! l[] races1 we mu/ get rid ( ! antiquat$ notion ( a 8great gulf0 fix$ betwe5 !m & mank9d1 & mu/ recognize ! common bond ( humanity t unites all liv+ be+s 9 "o univ]sal bro!rhood4 ,z f> z any excuses c be alleg$1 9 explanation ( ! ins5sibility or inhumanity ( ! we/]n nations 9 _! treatm5t ( animals1 ^! excuses may be mo/ly trac$ back to "o or ! o!r ( two !ories1 :olly diff]5t 9 orig91 yet alike 9 ?is--t bo? po/ulate an absolute diff]5ce ( nature betwe5 m5 & ! l[] k9ds4 ,! fir/ is ! s-call$ 8religi\s0 notion1 :i* aw>ds immortality to man1 b to man alone1 !reby furni%+ 7especially 9 ,ca?olic c\ntries7 a quibbl+ ju/ification = acts ( cruelty to animals1 on ! plea t !y 8h no s\ls40 8,x %\ld seem10 says ,mrs4 ,jameson1#h 8z if ! primitive ,*ri/ians1 by lay+ s mu* /ress ^u a future life1 9 contradi/9ction to ?is life1 & plac+ ! l[] creatures out ( ! pale ( hope1 plac$ !m at ! same "t out ( ! pale ( sympa?y1 & ?us laid ! f\ndation = ?is utt] disreg>d ( animals 9 ! light ( our fell[-creatures40 ,i am aw>e t a q contr>y argum5t has1 9 a few isolat$ in/ances1 be5 f\nd$ on ! belief t animals h 8no s\ls40 8,cruelty to a brute10 says an old writ]1#i 8is an injury irrep>able10 because !re is no future life to be a comp5sation = pres5t afflictions2 & !re is an amus+ /ory1 told by ,mr4 ,lecky 9 8 8,hi/ory ( ,european ,morals10 ( a c]ta9 humanely-m9d$ ,c>d9al1 :o us$ to all[ v]m9 to bite him )\t h9drance1 on ! gr\nd t 8we %all h heav5 to rew>d u = our suff]+s1 b ^! poor creatures h no?+ b ! enjoym5t ( ?is pres5t life40 ,b ?is is a r>e view ( ! "q :i* ne$ n1 ,i ?9k1 be tak5 into v s]i\s acc\nt2 =1 on ! :ole1 ! d5ial ( immortality to animals 7unless1 ( c\rse1 x be also d5i$ to m57 t5ds /rongly to less5 _! *ance ( be+ ju/ly & consid]ately treat$4 ,among ! _m humane movem5ts ( ! pres5t age1 none is m significant ?an ! gr[+ incl9ation1 noticeable bo? 9 sci5tific circles & 9 religi\s1 to believe t mank9d & ! l[] animals h ! same de/9y be=e !m4#aj ,! second & n less fruitful s\rce ( mod]n inhumanity is to be f\nd 9 ! 8,c>tesian0 doctr9e--! !ory ( ,desc>tes & 8 foll[]s--t ! l[] animals are devoid ( consci\sness & feel+2 a !ory :i* c>ri$ ! 8religi\s0 notion a /ep fur!r1 & depriv$ ! animals n only ( _! claim to a life h]eaft]1 b ( any?+ t c\ld1 )\t mock]y1 be call$ a life 9 ! pres5t1 s9ce m]e 8animat$ ma*9es10 z !y 7 ?us affirm$ to be1 c\ld 9 no real s5se be said to live at all6 ,well might ,voltaire turn 8 humane ridicule aga9/ ?is mo/ mon/r\s cont5tion1 & sugge/1 ) sca?+ irony1 t ,god 8_h giv5 ! animals ! organs ( feel+1 to ! end t !y might n feel60 8,! !ory ( animal automatism10 says ,pr(essor ,romanes1 8:i* is usually attribut$ to ,desc>tes1 c nev] be accept$ by common s5se40 ,yet x is to be fe>$ t x has done mu*1 9 its "t1 to h>d5 8sci5tific0 s5se aga9/ ! j compla9ts ( ! victims ( human arrogance & oppression4#aa ,let me "h quote a mo/ impressive passage f ,s*op5hau]4 8,! unp>donable =getfulness 9 :i* ! l[] animals h hi!rto be5 left by ! morali/s ( ,europe is well kn[n4 ,x is pret5d$ t ! bea/s h no rights4 ,!y p]suade !mselves t our conduct 9 reg>d to !m has no?+ to d ) morals1 or 7to speak ! language ( _! morality7 t we h no duties t[>ds animals3 a doctr9e revolt+1 gross1 & b>b>\s1 peculi> to ! we/1 & hav+ its root 9 ,judaism4 ,9 philosophy1 h[ev]1 x is made to re/ ^u a hypo!sis1 admitt$ 9 despite ( evid5ce itself1 ( an absolute diff]5ce betwe5 man & bea/4 ,x is ,desc>tes :o has proclaim$ x 9 ! cle>e/ & mo/ decisive mann]2 & 9 fact x 0 a necess>y consequ5ce ( 8 errors4 ,! ,c>tesian-,leibnitzian-,wolfian philosophy1 ) ! assi/ance ( entirely ab/ract notions1 _h built up ! #8rational psy*ology1' & con/ruct$ an immortal anima rationalis3 b1 visibly1 ! _w ( bea/s1 ) its v natural claims1 /ood up aga9/ ?is exclusive monopoly--?is brevet ( immortality decre$ to man alone--& sil5tly ,nature did :at %e always does 9 su* cases--%e prote/$4 ,our philosoph]s1 feel+ _! sci5tific consci5ce q di/urb$1 7 =c$ to attempt to consolidate _! #8rational psy*ology' by ! aid ( empiricism4 ,!y !re=e set !mselves to "w to holl[ out betwe5 man & bea/ an enorm\s abyss1 ( an immeasurable wid?2 by ?is !y wi% to prove to u1 9 contempt ( evid5ce1 an impassable diff]5ce40#ab ,! fallaci\s idea t ! lives ( animals h no moral purpose is at root connect$ ) ^! religi\s & philosophical pret5sions :i* ,s*op5hau] s p[]fully condemns4 ,to live "o's own life--to realize "o's true self--is ! highe/ moral purpose ( man & animal alike2 & t animals possess _! due measure ( ?is s5se ( individuality is sc>cely op5 to d\bt4 8,we h se510 says ,d>w91 8t ! s5ses & intuitions1 ! v>i\s emotions & faculties1 su* z love1 memory1 att5tion1 curiosity1 imitation1 reason1 etc41 ( :i* man boa/s1 may be f\nd 9 an incipi5t1 or ev5 sometimes 9 a well-develop$ condition1 9 ! l[] animals40#ac ,n less emphatic is ! te/imony ( ! ,rev4 ,j4 ,g4 ,wood1 :o1 speak+ f a great exp]i5ce1 gives x z 8 op9ion t 8! mann] 9 :i* we ignore individuality 9 ! l[] animals is simply a/\nd+40 ,he claims = !m a future life1 because he is 8q sure t mo/ ( ! cruelties :i* are p]petrat$ on ! animals are due to ! habit ( consid]+ !m z m]e ma*9es )\t susceptibilities1 )\t reason1 & )\t ! capacity ( a future40#ad ,! long-ma9ta9$ di/9ction betwe5 human 8reason0 & animal 8in/9ct0 is be+ giv5 up by rec5t sci5tific writ]s1 z1 = example1 by ,dr4 ,wesley ,mills 9 8 "w on 8,! ,nature & ,developm5t ( ,animal ,intellig5ce10 & by ,mr4 ,e4 ,p4 ,evans 9 8,evolutional ,e?ics & ,animal ,psy*ology40 8,! tr5d ( inve/igation10 says ,dr4 ,mills1 8?us f> goes to %[ t at lea/ ! g]m ( e human faculty does exi/ 9 "s species ( animal4444 ,=m]ly ! l9e 0 drawn at reason4 ,x 0 said t ! #8brutes' _c reason4 ,only p]sons :o d n !mselves reason ab\t ! subject ) ! facts be=e !m c any long] occupy su* a position4 ,! evid5ce ( reason+ p[] is ov]:elm+ = ! upp] ranks ( animals1 & ye>ly ! d[nw>d limits are be+ ext5d$ ! m ! inf]ior tribes are /udi$40 ,we h to get rid1 z ,mr4 ,evans po9ts out1 ( ^? 8an?ropoc5tric0 delusions :i* 8treat man z a be+ ess5tially diff]5t & insep>ably set ap>t f all o!r s5ti5t creatures1 to :i* he is b\nd by no ties ( m5tal aff9ity or moral obligation40 8,man is z truly a "p & product ( ,nature z any o!r animal1 & ?is attempt to set him up z an isolat$ po9t outside ( x is philosophically false & morally p]nici\s40 ,?is1 !n1 is ! position ( ^? :o ass]t t animals1 l m51 are possess$ ( c]ta9 limit$ rights1 :i* _c be )held f !m1 z !y are n[ )held1 )\t tyranny & inju/ice4 ,!y h individuality1 "*1 reason2 & to h ^? qualities is to h ! "r to ex]cise !m1 9 s f> z surr\nd+ circum/ances p]mit4 ,no human be+ is ju/ifi$ 9 reg>d+ an animal z a mean+less automaton1 to be work$1 or tortur$1 or eat51 z ! case may be1 = ! m]e object ( satisfy+ ! wants or :ims ( mank9d4 ,toge!r ) ! de/9ies & duties t are laid on !m & fulfill$ by !m1 animals h also ! "r to be treat$ ) g5tl5ess & consid]ation1 & ! man :o does n s treat !m1 h[ev] great 8 le>n+ or influ5ce may be1 is1 9 t respect1 an ignorant & fooli% man1 devoid ( ! highe/ & noble/ culture ( :i* ! human m9d is capable4 ,some?+ mu/ "h be said on ! important subject ( nom5clature4 ,x is to be fe>$ t ! ill-treatm5t ( animals is l>gely caus$--or at any rate ! difficulty ( am5d+ t treatm5t is l>gely aggravat$--by ! common use ( su* t]ms z 8brute-bea/10 8live-/ock10 etc41 :i* implicitly d5y to ! l[] races t intellig5t individuality :i* is und\bt$ly possess$ by !m4 ,x 0 long ago rem>k$ by ,b5?am1 9 8 8,introduction to ,pr9ciples ( ,morals & ,legislation10 t1 :]eas human be+s are /yl$ p]sons1 8o!r animals1 on acc\nt ( _! int]e/s hav+ be5 neglect$ by ! ins5sibility ( ! anci5t juri/s1 /& degrad$ into ! class ( ?+s02 & ,s*op5hau] also has comm5t$ on ! mis*iev\s absurdity ( ! idiom :i* applies ! neut] pron\n 8x0 to su* highly-organiz$ animals z ! dog & ! ape4 ,a ^w ( prote/ is ne$$ also aga9/ su* an expression z 8dumb animals10 :i*1 ?\gh (t5 cit$ z 8an imm5se exhortation to pity10#ae has 9 reality a t5d5cy to influ5ce ord9>y p 9 q ! contr>y direction1 inasmu* z x fo/]s ! idea ( an impassable b>ri] betwe5 mank9d & _! dep5d5ts4 ,x is conv5i5t to u m5 to be deaf to ! entreaties ( ! victims ( our inju/ice2 &1 by a sort ( grim irony1 we !re=e assume t x is !y :o are afflict$ by "s organic incapacity--!y are 8dumb animals10 =soo?6 al?\gh a mom5t's consid]ation mu/ prove t !y h innum]able ways1 (t5 q human 9 v>iety & sugge/iv5ess1 ( utt]+ _! ?\ghts & emotions4 ,ev5 ! t]m 8animals10 z appli$ to ! l[] races1 is incorrect1 & n :olly unobjectionable1 s9ce x ignores ! fact t man is an animal no less ?an !y4 ,my only excuse = us+ x 9 ?is volume is t !re is no bett] brief t]m available4 ,s anomal\s is ! attitude ( man t[>ds ! l[] animals1 t x is no m>vel if _m humane ?9k]s h wellnigh despair$ ov] ?is "q4 8,! :ole subject ( ! brute creation10 wrote ,dr4 ,arnold1 8is to me "o ( su* pa9ful my/]y1 t ,i d>e n approa* x02 & ?is 7to put ! mo/ *>itable int]pretation on _! sil5ce7 appe>s to be ! position ( ! majority ( morali/s & tea*]s at ! pres5t "t4 ,yet !re is urg5t ne$ ( "s solution ( ! problem2 & 9 no o!r way c ?is be f\nd ?an by ! admission ( ! l[] races )9 ! pale ( human sympa?y4 ,all ! prompt+s ( our be/ & sure/ in/9cts po9t u 9 ?is direction4 8,x is abundantly evid5t10 says ,lecky1 8bo? f hi/ory & f pres5t exp]i5ce1 t ! in/9ctive %ock1 or natural feel+s ( disgu/1 caus$ by ! sight ( ! suff]+s ( m51 is n g5]ically diff]5t f t :i* is caus$ by ! sight ( ! suff]+ ( animals40 ,if ?is be s1 c x be s]i\sly cont5d$ t ! same humanit>ian t5d5cy :i* has already emancipat$ ! slave1 w n ultimately b5efit ! l[] races also8 ,"h1 aga91 ! hi/orian ( 8,european ,morals0 has a significant rem>k3 8,at "o "t ! b5evol5t affections embrace m]ely ! family1 soon ! circle exp&+ includes fir/ a class1 !n a nation1 !n a coalition ( nations1 !n all humanity2 & f9ally its influ5ce is felt 9 ! deal+s ( man ) ! animal _w4 ,9 ea* ( ^! cases a /&>d is =m$1 diff]5t f t ( ! prec$+ /age1 b 9 ea* case ! same t5d5cy is recogniz$ z virtue40 ,b1 x may be argu$1 vague sympa?y ) ! l[] animals is "o ?+1 & a def9ite recognition ( _! 8rights0 is ano!r2 :at reason is !re to suppose t we %all advance f ! =m] phase to ! latt]8 ,j ?is2 t e great lib]at+ movem5t has proce$$ exactly on su* l9es4 ,oppression & cruelty are inv>iably f\nd$ on a lack ( imag9ative sympa?y2 ! tyrant or torm5tor c h no true s5se ( k9%ip ) ! victim ( 8 inju/ice4 ,:5 once ! s5se ( aff9ity is awak5$1 ! knell ( tyranny is s\nd$1 & ! ultimate concession ( 8rights0 is simply a matt] ( "t4 ,! pres5t condition ( ! m highly-organiz$ dome/ic animals is 9 _m ways v analog\s to t ( ! negro slaves ( a hundr$ ye>s ago3 look back1 & y w f9d 9 _! case precisely ! same exclusion f ! common pale ( humanity2 ! same hypocritical fallacies1 to ju/ify t exclusion2 &1 z a consequ5ce1 ! same delib]ate /ubborn d5ial ( _! social 8rights40 ,look back--= x is well to d s--& !n look =w>d1 & ! moral c h>dly be mi/ak54 ,we f9d s great a ?9k] z ,ari/otle s]i\sly pond]+1 9 8 8,e?ics10 :e!r a slave may be consid]$ z a fell[-be+4 ,9 emphasiz+ ! po9t t fri5d%ip is f\nd$ on prop9quity1 he expresses himself z foll[s3 8,nei!r c m5 h fri5d%ips ) horses1 cattle1 or slaves1 consid]$ m]ely z su*2 = a slave is m]ely a liv+ in/rum5t1 & an in/rum5t a lifeless slave4 ,yet1 consid]$ z a man1 a slave may be an object ( fri5d%ip1 = c]ta9 rights seem to belong to all ^? capable ( p>ticipat+ 9 law & engagem5t40 ,slaves1 says ,b5?am1 8h be5 treat$ by ! law exactly ^u ! same foot+ z 9 ,engl&1 = example1 ! inf]ior races ( animals are /ill4 ,! day may come :5 ! re/ ( ! animal creation may acquire ^? rights :i* c\ld nev] h be5 )hold5 f !m b by ! h& ( tyranny40 ,let u unres]v$ly admit ! imm5se difficulties t /& 9 ! way ( ?is animal enfran*isem5t4 ,our relation t[>ds ! animals is complicat$ & embitt]$ by innum]able habits h&$ d[n ?r\gh c5turies ( brutality & mi/ru/2 we _c1 9 all cases1 sudd5ly relax ^! habits1 or d full ju/ice ev5 :]e we see t ju/ice w h to be done4 ,a p]fect e?ic ( human5ess is !re=e impracticable1 if n un?9kable2 & we c attempt to d no m ?an to indicate 9 a g5]al way ! ma9 pr9ciple ( animals' rights1 not+ at ! same "t ! mo/ flagrant p>ticul> violations ( ^? rights1 & ! l9es on :i* ! only valid re=m c h]eaft] be effect$4 ,b1 on ! o!r h&1 x may be rememb]$1 = ! com=t & enc\ragem5t ( humanit>ian work]s1 t ^! ob/acles are1 aft] all1 only su* z are inevitable 9 ea* bran* ( social improvem5t2 = at e /age ( e great re=mation x has be5 repeat$ly argu$1 by indiff]5t or ho/ile obs]v]s1 t fur!r progress is impossible2 inde$1 :5 ! oppon5ts ( a great cause beg9 to demon/rate its 8impossibility10 exp]i5ce tea*es u t t cause is already on ! high road to fulfilm5t4 ,z = ! dem& s frequ5tly made on re=m]s1 t !y %\ld fir/ expla9 ! details ( _! s*eme--h[ ?is & t po9t w be arrang$1 & by :at process all k9ds ( difficulties1 real or imag9$1 w be circumv5t$--! only rational reply is t x is absurd to expect to see ! end ( a "q :5 we are n[ b at its beg9n+4 ,! p]sons :o (f] ?is futile sort ( criticism are usually ^? :o "u no circum/ances w\ld be op5 to conviction2 !y purposely ask = an explanation :i*1 by ! v nature ( ! case1 is impossible because x necess>ily belongs to a lat] p]iod ( "t4 ,x w\ld be equally s5sible to reque/ a travell] to enum]ate be=eh& all ! p>ticul> ?+s he w see by ! way1 on pa9 ( be+ d5\nc$ z an unpractical vision>y1 al?\gh he may h a q suffici5t g5]al k ( 8 c\rse & de/9ation4 ,our ma9 pr9ciple is n[ cle>4 ,if 8rights0 exi/ at all--& bo? feel+ & usage indubitably prove t !y d exi/--!y _c be consi/5tly aw>d$ to m5 & d5i$ to animals1 s9ce ! same s5se ( ju/ice & compassion apply 9 bo? cases4 8,pa9 is pa910 says ,humphry ,primatt1 8:e!r x be inflict$ on man or on bea/2 & ! creature t suff]s x1 :e!r man or bea/1 be+ s5sible ( ! mis]y ( x :ile x la/s1 suff]s evil2 & ! suff]ance ( evil1 unm]it$ly1 unprovok$ly1 :]e no (f5ce has be5 giv51 & no good c possibly be answ]$ by x1 b m]ely to exhibit p[] or gratify malice1 is ,cruelty & ,inju/ice 9 him t occasions x40 ,i comm5d ?is outspok5 utt]ance to ! att5tion ( ^? +5i\s morali/s :o quibble ab\t ! 8discipl9e0 ( suff]+1 & deprecate imm$iate attempts to r$ress :at1 x is alleg$1 may be a necess>y in/rum5t = ! atta9m5t ( human welf>e4 ,x is p]haps a m]e co9cid5ce1 b x may be obs]v$ t ^? :o are mo/ =w>d to disall[ ! rights ( o!rs1 & to argue t suff]+ & subjection are ! natural lot ( all liv+ ?+s1 are usually !mselves exempt f ! op]ation ( ?is b5efic5t law1 & t ! beauty ( self-sacrifice is mo/ l\dly belaud$ by ^? :o pr(it mo/ l>gely at ! exp5se ( _! fell[-be+s4 ,b 8nature is "o ) rap9e10 say "s1 & ?is utopian !ory ( 8rights10 if too widely ext5d$1 mu/ come 9 conflict ) t iron rule ( int]nec9e competition by :i* ! univ]se is regulat$4 ,b is ! univ]se s regulat$8 ,we note t ?is v objection1 :i* 0 confid5tly reli$ on a few ye>s back by _m oppon5ts ( ! emancipation ( ! work+-classes1 is n he>d ( 9 t connection n[4 ,our le>n$ economi/s & m5 ( sci5ce1 :o set !mselves to play ! def5d]s ( ! social /atus quo1 h se5 _! own weapons ( 8natural selection10 8survival ( ! fitte/10 & :at n1 snat*$ f _! h&s & turn$ aga9/ !m1 & are !re=e beg9n+ to expla9 to u1 9 a sci5tific mann]1 :at we untutor$ humanit>ians _h previ\sly felt to be true1 viz41 t competition is n by any means ! sole gov]n+ law among ! human race4 ,we are n greatly dismay$1 !n1 to f9d ! same old bugbe> trott$ out z an argum5t aga9/ animals' rights--inde$1 we see already unmi/akable signs ( a simil> rev]sal ( ! sci5tific judgm5t4#af ,! *>ge ( 8s5tim5talism0 is frequ5tly br\ght aga9/ ^? :o plead = animals' rights4 ,n[ 8s5tim5talism10 if any mean+ at all c be atta*$ to ! ^w1 mu/ signify an inequality1 an ill balance ( s5tim5t1 an inconsi/5cy :i* leads m5 into attack+ "o abuse1 :ile !y ignore or condone ano!r :]e a re=m is equally desirable4 ,t ?is weakness is (t5 obs]vable among 8philan?ropi/s0 on ! "o h&1 & 8fri5ds ( animals0 on ! o!r1 & mo/ ( all among ^? acute 8m5 ( ! _w10 ^: reg>d is only = !mselves1 ,i am n conc]n$ to d5y2 :at ,i wi% to po9t out is1 t ! only real safegu>d aga9/ s5tim5tality is to take up a consi/5t position t[>ds ! rights ( m5 & ( ! l[] animals alike1 & to cultivate a broad s5se ( univ]sal ju/ice 7n 8m]cy07 = all liv+ ?+s4 ,h]e91 & h]e9 alone1 is to be s\ght ! true sanity ( temp]am5t4 ,x is an entire mi/ake to suppose t ! rights ( animals are 9 any way antagoni/ic to ! rights ( m54 ,let u n be betray$ = a mom5t into ! speci\s fallacy t we mu/ /udy human rights fir/1 & leave ! animal "q to solve itself h]eaft]2 = x is only by a wide & dis9t]e/$ /udy ( bo? subjects t a solution ( ei!r is possible4 8,= he :o loves all animat$ nature10 says ,porphyry1 8w n hate any "o tribe ( innoc5t be+s1 & by h[ mu* great] 8 love = ! :ole1 by s mu* ! m w he cultivate ju/ice t[>ds a "p ( !m1 & t "p to :i* he is mo/ alli$40 ,to omit all wor?i] reasons1 x is too late 9 ! day to sugge/ ! indef9ite po/ponem5t ( a consid]ation ( animals' rights1 = f a moral po9t ( view1 & ev5 f a legislative po9t ( view1 we are daily confront$ ) ! problem1 & ! s-call$ 8practical0 p :o affect to ignore x are simply %utt+ _! eyes to facts :i* !y f9d x disagreeable to confront4 ,once m !n1 animals h rights1 & ^! rights consi/ 9 ! 8re/rict$ fre$om0 to live a natural life--a life1 t is1 :i* p]mits ( ! individual developm5t--subject to ! limitations impos$ by ! p]man5t ne$s & int]e/s ( ! community4 ,!re is no?+ quixotic or vision>y 9 ?is ass]tion2 x is p]fectly compatible ) a read9ess to look ! /]ne/ laws ( exi/5ce fully & hone/ly 9 ! face4 ,if we mu/ kill1 :e!r x be man or animal1 let u kill & h done ) x2 if we mu/ inflict pa91 let u d :at is inevitable1 )\t hypocrisy1 or evasion1 or cant4 ,b 7"h is ! c>d9al po9t7 let u fir/ be assur$ t x is necess>y2 let u n wantonly trade on ! ne$less mis]ies ( o!r be+s1 & !n attempt to lull our consci5ces by a s]ies ( %uffl+ excuses :i* _c endure a mom5t's c&id inve/igation4 ,z ,leigh ,hunt well says3 8,t !re is pa9 & evil1 is no rule ,t ,i %\ld make x great]1 l a fool40 ,?us f> ! g5]al pr9ciple ( animals' rights4 ,we w n[ proce$ to apply ?is pr9ciple to a numb] ( p>ticul> cases1 f :i* we may le>n some?+ bo? z to ! ext5t ( its pres5t violation1 & ! possibility ( its bett] obs]vance 9 ! future4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,! ,,case ,,( ,,dome/ic ,,animals4 ,! ma9 pr9ciple ( animals' rights1 if admitt$ to be fundam5tally s\nd1 w n be ess5tially affect$ by ! wildness or ! dome/icity1 z ! case may be1 ( ! animals 9 "q2 bo? classes h _! rights1 ?\gh ^! rights may diff] l>gely 9 ext5t & importance4 ,x is conv5i5t1 h[ev]1 to consid] ! subject ( ! dome/ic animals ap>t f t ( ! wild ones1 inasmu* z _! :ole relation to mank9d is s mu* alt]$ & emphasiz$ by ! fact ( _! subjection4 ,"h1 at any rate1 x is impossible1 ev5 = ! mo/ call\s reason]s1 to d5y ! responsibility ( man1 9 8 deal+s ) va/ races ( be+s1 ! v conditions ( ^: exi/5ce h be5 modifi$ by human civilization4 ,an incalculable mass ( drudg]y1 at ! co/ ( incalculable suff]+1 is daily1 h\rly p]=m$ = ! b5efit ( man by ^! hone/1 pati5t lab\r]s 9 e t[n & c\ntry ( ! _w4 ,are ^! c\ntless s]vices to be p]man5tly ignor$ 9 a community :i* makes any pret5sion to a humane civilization8 ,w ! free citiz5s ( ! enlight5$ republics ( ! future be cont5t to reap ! imm5se advantages ( animals' lab\r1 )\t recogniz+ t !y owe !m "s consid]ation 9 return8 ,! "q is "o t c>ries ) x its own answ]4#ag ,b ! human m9d is subtle to evade ! full significance ( its duties1 & n[h]e is ?is m conspicu\sly se5 ?an 9 our treatm5t ( ! l[] races4 ,giv5 a position 9 :i* man pr(its l>gely 7or ?9ks he pr(its l>gely1 = x is n always a matt] ( c]ta9ty7 by ! toil or suff]+ ( ! animals1 & our respectable morali/s are pretty sure to be expla9+ to u t ?is provid5tial arrangem5t is 8bett] = ! animals !mselves40 ,! wi% is fa!r to ! ?\ght 9 ^! que/ions1 & !re is an accommodat+ ela/icity 9 our social e?ics t p]mits ( ! ju/ification ( almo/ any sy/em :i* x w\ld be inconv5i5t to u to discont9ue4 ,?us we f9d x /at$1 & on ! au?ority ( a bi%op1 t man may 8lay d[n ! t]ms ( ! social contract betwe5 animals & himself10 because1 =soo?1 8! g5]al life ( a dome/ic animal is "o ( v great com=t--accord+ to ! animal's own /&>d 7sic7 probably "o ( almo/ p]fect happ9ess40#ah ,n[ ?is prat+ ab\t 8! animal's own /&>d0 is no?+ bett] ?an hypocritical cant4 ,if man is oblig$ to lay d[n ! t]ms ( ! contract1 let him at lea/ d s )\t hav+ rec\rse to su* a suspici\sly opportune aft]?\ght4 ,we h tak5 ! animals f a free1 natural /ate1 into an artificial ?raldom1 9 ord] t we1 & n !y1 may be ! ga9]s !reby2 x _c possibly be ma9ta9$ t !y owe u gratitude on ?is acc\nt1 or t ?is alleg$ debt may be us$ z a means ( evad+ ! j recognition ( _! rights4 ,x is ! m necess>y to raise a /rong prote/ aga9/ ?is jesuitical mode ( reason+1 because1 z we %all see1 x is s frequ5tly employ$1 9 "o =m or ano!r1 by ! apologi/s ( human tyranny4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,i desire to keep cle> also ( ! extreme contr>y cont5tion1 t man is n morally ju/ifi$ 9 impos+ any sort ( subjection on ! l[] animals4#ai ,an ab/ract "q ( ?is sort1 h[ev] int]e/+ z a speculation1 & impossible 9 itself to disprove1 is beyond ! scope ( ! pres5t inquiry1 :i* is prim>ily conc]n$ ) ! /ate ( ?+s at pres5t exi/+4 ,we mu/ face ! fact t ! s]vices ( dome/ic animals h become1 :e!r rightly or wrongly1 an integral portion ( ! sy/em ( mod]n society2 we _c imm$iately disp5se ) ^? s]vices1 any m ?an we c disp5se ) human lab\r itself4 ,b we c provide1 z at lea/ a pres5t /ep t[>ds a m ideal relation%ip 9 ! future1 t ! conditions "u :i* all lab\r is p]=m$1 :e!r by m5 or by animals1 %all be su* z to enable ! work] to take "s appreciable pleasure 9 ! "w1 in/ead ( exp]i5c+ a lifelong c\rse ( inju/ice & ill-treatm5t4 ,& "h x may be conv5i5t to say a ^w z to ! exi/+ l9e ( dem>cation betwe5 ! animals legally recogniz$ z 8dome/ic10 & ^? f] natur1 ( wild nature4 ,9 ! ,act ( #ahdi1 9 :i* a p5alty 0 impos$ = cruelty to 8any animal10 x 0 expressly provid$ t 8,! ^w animal %all be tak5 to mean any horse1 m>e1 geld+1 bull1 ox1 c[1 heif]1 /e]1 calf1 mule1 ass1 %eep1 lamb1 hog1 pig1 s[1 goat1 dog1 cat1 or any o!r dome/ic animal40 ,b z "t w5t on1 & public op9ion 0 m s5sitive1 ! int]pretation ( ?is vague ref]5ce to 8any o!r dome/ic animal0 became a po9t ( consid]able importance1 s9ce x closely affect$ ! welf>e ( c]ta9 captive animals :i*1 ?\gh reg>d$ z wild1 & !re=e outside ! pale ( protection1 7 to all int5ts & purposes 9 a /ate ( dome/ication4 ,! ,act ( #ahdi 0 accord+ly am5d$ by ! ,wild ,animals 9 ,captivity ,act ( #aijj1 :i* made x an (f5ce to maltreat a wild animal :ile actually 9 a /ate ( captivity4 7,see also ! ,act ( #aiaa1 infra p4 #cd47 8,food1 re/1 & t5d] usage10 7 decl>$ by ,humphry ,primatt1 ! old au?or already quot$1 to be ! ?ree rights ( ! dome/ic animals4 ,lawr5ce's op9ion 0 to mu* ! same effect4 8,man is indisp5sably b\nd to be/[ ^u animals1 9 return = ! b5efit he d]ives f _! s]vices1 good & suffici5t n\ri%m5t1 com=table %elt]1 & m]ciful treatm5t2 to commit no wanton outrage ^u _! feel+s1 :il/ alive1 & to put !m to ! spe$ie/ & lea/ pa9ful dea?1 :5 x %all be necess>y to deprive !m ( life40 ,b x is important to note t some?+ m is due to animals1 & especially to dome/ic animals1 ?an ! m]e supply ( prov5d] & ! m]e immunity f ill-usage4 8,we owe ju/ice to m510 wrote ,montaigne1 8& grace & b5ignity to o!r creatures t are capable ( x2 !re is a natural comm]ce & mutual obligation betwixt !m & u40 ,sir ,ar?ur ,helps admirably express$ ?is s5tim5t 9 8 well-kn[n ref]5ce to ! duty ( 8us+ c\rtesy to animals40#bj ,if ^! be ! rights ( dome/ic animals1 x is pitiful to reflect h[ commonly & h[ grossly !y are violat$4 ,! av]age life ( our 8bea/s ( burd510 ! horse1 ! ass1 & ! mule1 is f beg9n+ to end a rude negation ( _! individuality & intellig5ce2 !y are habitually address$ & treat$ z /upid in/rum5ts ( man's w & pleasure1 in/ead ( ! highly-organiz$ & s5sitive be+s t !y are4 ,well might ,?oreau1 ! humane/ & mo/ obs]vant ( naturali/s1 compla9 ( man's 8n educat+ ! horse1 n try+ to develop 8 nature1 b m]ely gett+ "w out ( him02 = su*1 x mu/ be ackn[l$g$1 is ! preval5t me?od ( treatm5t1 9 n9ety-n9e cases out ( a hundr$1 at ! pres5t day1 ev5 :]e !re is no actual cruelty or ill-usage4 ,we are (t5 told t !re is no o!r we/]n c\ntry :]e tame animals are s well treat$ z 9 ,engl&1 & x is only necess>y to read ! records ( a c5tury back to see t ! inhumanities ( ! pa/ 7 f> m atroci\s ?an any t are /ill practis$ 9 ! pres5t4 ,let u be ?ankful = ^! facts1 z %[+ t ! curr5t ( ,engli% op9ion is at lea/ mov+ 9 ! "r direction4 ,b x mu/ yet be said t ! sights t ev]y:]e meet ! eye ( a humane & ?\ghtful obs]v]1 :e!r 9 t[n or c\ntry1 are a disgrace to our vaunt$ 8civilization40 ,wat* ! cab traffic 9 "o ( ! cr[d$ ?or\ghf>es ( our great cities--always ! same lugubri\s pati5t procession ( und]f$ ov]load$ animals1 ! same brutal insol5ce ( ! driv]s1 ! same accurs$ s\nd ( ! :ip4 ,& rememb]+ t ^! horses are gift$ ) a l>ge degree ( s5sibility & intellig5ce1 mu/ "o n feel t ! fate to :i* !y are ?us m]cilessly subject$ is a %ameful violation ( ! pr9ciple :i* morali/s h laid d[n8 ,yet x is to ?is fate t ev5 ! well-kept horses ( ! ri* mu/ 9 "t desc5d1 s to pass ! decl9+ ye>s ( a life devot$ to man's s]vice6 8,a good man10 said ,plut>*1 8w take c>e ( 8 horses & dogs1 n only :ile !y are "y1 b :5 old & pa/ s]vice4 ,we ought c]ta9ly n to treat liv+ be+s l %oes & h\sehold goods1 :i*1 :5 worn out ) use1 we ?r[ away40 ,su* 0 ! feel+ ( ! old pagan writ]1 & our good ,*ri/ians ( ! pres5t age sc>cely seem to h improv$ on x4 ,true1 !y d n 8?r[ away0 _! sup]annuat$ c>riage-horses--x is s mu* m lucrative to sell !m to ! %opman or cab-proprietor1 :o w 9 due c\rse pass !m on to ! knack] & cat's-meat man4 ,! use ( ma*9]y is (t5 condemn$1 on /hetic gr\nds1 because ( ! ugl9ess x has introduc$ into s _m features ( mod]n life4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x %\ld n be =gott5 t x has imm5sely reliev$ ! huge mass ( animal lab\r1 & t :5 su* =ces are g5]ally us$ = purposes ( traction1 "o ( ! f\le/ blots on our social humanity is likely to disappe>4 ,sci5tific & me*anical inv5tion1 s f> f be+ necess>ily antagoni/ic to a true beauty ( life1 may be f\nd to be ( ! utmo/ s]vice to x1 :5 !y are employ$ = humane & n m]ely comm]cial1 purposes4#ba ,h]e9 ,?oreau is a wis] tea*] ?an ,rusk94 8,if all 7 z x seems10 he says1 8& m5 made ! elem5ts _! s]vants = noble ends6 ,if ! cl\d t hangs ov] ! eng9e 7 ! p]spiration ( h]oic de$s1 or z b5efic5t z t :i* floats ov] ! f>m]'s fields1 !n ! elem5ts & ,nature h]self w\ld *e]fully accompany m5 on _! err&s & be _! escort40 ,x is no "p ( my purpose to enum]ate ! v>i\s acts ( inju/ice ( :i* dome/ic animals are ! victims2 x is suffici5t to po9t out t ! true cause ( su* inju/ice is to be s\ght 9 ! unw>rantable neglect ( _! _m intellig5t qualities1 & 9 ! contemptu\s indiff]5ce :i*1 9 defiance ( s5se & reason1 /ill classes !m z 8brute-bea/s40 ,:at has be5 said ( horses 9 ?is respect applies /ill m /rongly to ! second class ( dome/ic animals4 ,%eep1 goats1 & ox5 are reg>d$ z m]e 8live-/ock02 :ile pigs1 p\ltry1 rabbits1 & o!r m>ketable 8f>m-produce10 meet ) ev5 less consid]ation1 & are con/antly treat$ ) brutal inhumanity by _! human possessors4 ,let anyone :o d\bts ?is pay a visit to a cattle-m>ket1 & /udy ! sc5es t are enact$ !re4 ,! "q ( ! ca/ration ( animals may "h be briefly ref]r$ to4#bb ,t no?+ b imp]ative necessity c\ld ju/ify su* a practice mu/1 ,i ?9k1 be admitt$2 = mutilation ( ?is k9d is n only pa9ful 9 itself1 b deprives ^? :o und]go x ( ! mo/ vigor\s & spirit$ elem5ts ( _! "*4 ,x is said--) :at precise am\nt ( tru? ,i _c pret5d to det]m9e--t man w\ld n o!rwise be able to ma9ta9 8 dom9ion ov] ! dome/ic animals2 b on ! o!r h& x may be po9t$ out t ?is dom9ion is 9 no case de/9$ to be p]petuat$ 9 its pres5t %>ply-acc5tuat$ =m1 & t v>i\s practices :i*1 9 a s5se1 are 8necess>y0 n[1--i4e4 9 ! false position & relation%ip 9 :i* we /& t[>ds ! animals1--w d\btless be gradually discont9u$ "u ! human] sy/em ( ! future4 ,moreov]1 ca/ration z p]=m$ on cattle1 %eep1 pigs1 & f[ls1 ) no bett] object ?an to increase _! size & improve _! flav\r = ! table1 is1 ev5 at ! pres5t "t1 utt]ly ne$less & unju/ifiable4 8,! bull10 z ,%elley says1 8mu/ be degrad$ into ! ox1 & ! ram into ! we!r1 by an unnatural & inhuman op]ation1 t ! flaccid fibre may (f] a fa9t] resi/ance to rebelli\s nature40 ,9 all its aspects1 ?is is a disagreeable subject1 & "o ab\t :i* ! majority ( p d n c>e to ?9k--probably f an unconsci\s p]ception t ! e/abli%$ cu/om c\ld sc>cely survive ! critical ordeal ( ?\ght4 ,!re rema9s "o o!r class ( dome/ic animals1 viz41 ^? :o h become /ill m closely associat$ ) mank9d ?r\gh be+ ! inmates ( _! homes4 ,! dog is probably bett] treat$ on ! :ole ?an any o!r animal2#bc ?\gh1 to prove h[ f> we /ill are f a rational & consi/5t appreciation ( 8 wor?1 x is only necess>y to po9t to ! fact t he is commonly reg>d$ by a l>ge numb] ( educat$ p z a fit & prop] subject = t exp]im5tal torture :i* is kn[n z vivisection4 ,! cat has always be5 treat$ ) f> less consid]ation ?an ! dog1 &1 despite ! num]\s scatt]$ in/ances t might be cit$ to ! contr>y1 x is to be fe>$ t ,de ,qu9cey 0 9 ! ma9 correct1 :5 he rem>k$ t 8! groans & screams ( ?is poor p]secut$ race1 if ga!r$ into "s great e*o+ hall ( horrors1 w\ld melt ! he>t ( ! /onie/40 ,! in/itution ( 8,homes0 = lo/ & />v+ dogs & cats is a welcome sign ( ! humane feel+ t is ass]t+ itself 9 "s qu>t]s2 b x is also no less a pro( ( ! g5]al indiff]5tism :i* c all[ ! mo/ famili> dome/ic animals to become homeless4 ,x may be d\bt$1 inde$1 :e!r ! condition ( ! h\sehold 8pet0 is1 9 ! long run1 m enviable ?an t ( ! 8bea/ ( burd540 ,pets1 l k+s' fav\rites1 are usually ! recipi5ts ( an abundance ( s5tim5tal affection b ( little real k9dness2 s mu* easi] is x to give tempor>y c>esses ?an sub/antial ju/ice4 ,x seems to be =gott51 9 a va/ majority ( cases1 t a dome/ic animal does n exi/ = ! m]e idle amusem5t1 any m ?an = ! m]e comm]cial pr(it1 ( its human own]2 & t = a liv+ be+ to be turn$ into a useless puppet is only "o degree bett] ?an to be doom$ to ! s]vitude ( a drudge4 ,! inju/ice done to ! pamp]$ lap-dog is z conspicu\s1 9 its way1 z t done to ! ov]-work$ horse1 & bo? spr+ f "o & ! same orig9--! fix$ belief t ! life ( a 8brute0 has no moral purpose1 no di/9ctive p]sonality wor?y ( due consid]ation & developm5t4 ,9 a society :]e ! l[] animals 7 reg>d$ z intellig5t be+s1 & n z animat$ ma*9es1 x w\ld be impossible = ?is incongru\s absurdity to cont9ue4 ,?is1 !n1 appe>s to be our position z reg>ds ! rights ( dome/ic animals4 ,waiv+1 on ! "o h&1 ! some:at ab/ruse "q :e!r man is morally ju/ifi$ 9 utiliz+ animal lab\r at all1 & on ! o!r ! fatu\s ass]tion t he is con/itut+ himself a b5efactor by s do+1 we recognize t ! s]vices ( dome/ic animals h by immemorial usage become an important &1 x may ev5 be said1 necess>y elem5t 9 ! economy ( mod]n life4 ,x is impossible1 unless e pr9ciple ( ju/ice is to be ca/ to ! w9ds1 t ! due requital ( ^! s]vices %\ld rema9 a matt] ( p]sonal caprice2 = slav]y is at all times hateful & iniquit\s1 :e!r x be impos$ on mank9d or on ! l[] races4 ,ap>t f ! rights !y possess 9 common ) all intellig5t be+s1 dome/ic animals h a special claim on man's c\rtesy & s5se ( fairness1 inasmu* z !y are n 8 fell[-creatures only1 b 8 fell[-work]s1 8 dep5d5ts1 & 9 _m cases ! famili> associates & tru/$ inmates ( 8 home4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,! ,,case ,,( ,,wild ,,animals4 ,t wild animals1 no less ?an dome/ic animals1 h _! rights1 albeit ( a less positive "* & f> less easy to def9e1 is an ess5tial po9t :i* foll[s directly f ! acceptance ( ! g5]al pr9ciple ( a jus animalium4 ,x is ( ! utmo/ importance to emphasize ! fact t1 :atev] ! legal fiction may h be51 or may /ill be1 ! rights ( animals are n morally dep5d5t on ! s-call$ rights ( prop]ty4 ,! dom9ation ( prop]ty has left its trail indelibly on ! records ( ?is "q4 ,until ! pass+ ( 8,m>t9's ,act0 9 #ahbb1 ! mo/ atroci\s cruelty1 ev5 to dome/ic animals1 c\ld only be puni%$ :]e !re 0 prov$ to be an infr+em5t ( ! rights ( own]%ip4 ,"s measure ( legal protection 01 z ,i h said1 accord$ to wild animals 9 ! ,wild ,animals 9 ,captivity ,act ( #aijj1 :i* 0 repeal$1 re-enact$1 & ext5d$ 9 ! ,protection ( ,animals ,act1 #aiaa2 :i* ,act 0 itself /r5g!n$ by an ,am5dm5t pass$ 9 #aiba1 prohibit+ ! c\rs+ or hunt+ ( a wild animal 9 an enclos$ space f :i* x has no reasonable *ance ( escape4 ,) ?is exception1 x is p]missible = anyone to kill or torture !m ) impunity1 except :]e ! sacr$ privileges ( 8prop]ty0 are !reby (f5d$4 8,ev]y:]e10 x has be5 well said1 8x is absolutely a capital crime to be an un[n$ creature40 ,yet surely an un[n$ creature has ! same "r z ano!r to live 8 life unmole/$ & un9jur$ except :5 ?is is 9 "s way inimical to human welf>e4 ,we are ju/ifi$ by ! /ronge/ ( all in/9cts1 t ( self-def5ce1 9 safe-gu>d+ ourselves aga9/ su* a multiplication ( any species ( animal z might imp]il ! e/abli%$ supremacy ( man2 b we are n ju/ifi$ 9 unnecess>ily kill+--/ill less 9 tortur+--any h>mless be+ :atsoev]4 ,9 ?is respect ! position ( wild animals1 9 _! relation to man1 is some:at analog\s to t ( ! unciviliz$ t[>ds ! civiliz$ nations4 ,no?+ is m difficult ?an to det]m9e precisely to :at ext5t x is morally p]missible to int]f]e ) ! autonomy ( savage tribes--an int]f]5ce :i* seems 9 "s cases to conduce to ! g5]al progress ( ! race1 9 o!rs to fo/] ! wor/ =ms ( cruelty & inju/ice2 b x is beyond "q t savages1 l o!r p1 h ! "r to be exempt f all wanton insult & degradation4 ,9 ! same way1 :ile admitt+ t man is ju/ifi$1 by ! exig5cies ( 8 own de/9y1 9 ass]t+ 8 supremacy ov] ! wild animals1 we mu/ d5y him any "r to turn 8 protectorate into a tyranny1 or to inflict "o atom m ( subjection & pa9 ?an is absolutely unavoidable4 ,to take advantage ( ! suff]+s ( animals1 :e!r wild or tame1 = ! gratification ( sport1 or gluttony1 or fa%ion1 is q incompatible ) any possible ass]tion ( animals' rights4 ,we may kill1 if necess>y1 b nev] torture or degrade4 8,! laws ( self-def5ce10 says an old writ]1#bd 8und\bt$ly ju/ify u 9 de/roy+ ^? animals :o w\ld de/roy u1 :o injure our prop]ties or annoy our p]sons2 b n ev5 ^!1 :5ev] _! situation incapacitates !m f hurt+ u4 ,i "k ( no "r :i* we h to %oot a be> on an inaccessible isl& ( ice1 or an eagle on ! m\nta9's top1 ^: lives _c injure u1 nor dea?s procure u any b5efit4 ,we are unable to give life1 & !re=e ought n to take x away f ! meane/ insect )\t suffici5t reason40 ,i res]ve1 = full] consid]ation 9 subsequ5t *apt]s1 c]ta9 problems :i* are sugge/$ by ! :olesale slaught] ( wild animals by ! huntsman or ! trapp]1 = purposes :i* are loosely suppos$ to be inevitable4 ,meantime a ^w mu/ be said ab\t ! condition ( ^? tam$ or cag$ animals :i*1 ?\gh wild by nature1 & n br$ 9 captivity1 are yet to a c]ta9 ext5t 8dome/icat$0--a class :i* /&s midway betwe5 ! true dome/ic & ! wild4 ,is ! imprisonm5t ( su* animals a violation ( ! pr9ciple we h laid d[n8 ,9 mo/ cases ,i fe> ?is "q c only be answ]$ 9 ! affirmative4 ,& "h1 once m ,i mu/ prote/ aga9/ ! common assumption t ^! captive animals are laid "u an obligation to man by ! v fact ( _! captivity1 & t !re=e no compla9t c be made on ! score ( _! loss ( fre$om & ! _m mis]ies involv$ !re96 ,x is extraord9>y t ev5 humane ?9k]s & e>ne/ *ampions ( animals' rights %\ld p]mit !mselves to be misl$ by ?is mo/ fallaci\s & flimsy l9e ( argum5t4 8,h>mful animals10 says "o ( ^! writ]s1#be 8& animals ) :om man has to /ruggle = ! fruits ( ! e>?1 may ( c\rse be s %ut up3 !y ga9 by x1 = o!rwise !y w\ld n h be5 let live40 ,& s 9 l mann] x is sometimes cont5d$ t a m5ag]ie is a sort ( p>adise = wild bea/s1 ^: loss ( lib]ty is m ?an comp5sat$ by ! abs5ce ( ! con/ant appreh5sion & insecurity :i*1 x is conv5i5tly assum$1 weigh s heavily on _! spirits4 ,b all ?is notion ( _! 8ga9+ by x0 is 9 tru? no?+ m ?an a m]e arbitr>y supposition2 =1 9 ! fir/ place1 a spe$y dea? may1 = all we "k1 be v pref]able to a protract$ dea?-9-life2 :ile1 secondly1 ! pret5ce t wild animals enjoy captivity is ev5 m absurd ?an ! episcopal cont5tion t ! life ( a dome/ic animal is 8"o ( v great com=t1 accord+ to ! animal's own /&>d40 ,to take a wild animal f its free natural /ate1 full ( ab\nd+ egoism & vitality1 & to %ut x up = ! wret*$ rema9d] ( its life 9 a cell :]e x has j space to turn r\nd1 & :]e x necess>ily loses e di/9ctive feature ( its "*--?is appe>s to me to be z d[nright a d5ial z c\ld well be imag9$ ( ! !ory ( animals' rights4 ,nor is !re mu* =ce 9 ! plea f\nd$ on ! alleg$ sci5tific value ( ^! zoological in/itutions1 at any rate 9 ! case ( ! wild] & less tractable animals1 = x _c be ma9ta9$ t ! e/abli%m5t ( wild-bea/ %[s is 9 any way necess>y = ! advancem5t ( human k4 ,= :at d ! good p see1 :o g to ! g>d5s on a half-holiday aft]noon to poke _! umbrellas at a bl9k+ eagle-owl1 or to ?r[ dog-biscuits d[n ! expansive ?roat ( a hippopotamus8 ,n wild bea/s or wild birds c]ta9ly1 = !re nev] h be5 or c be su* 9 ! be/ ( all possible m5ag]ies1 b m]ely ! out] semblances & simulacra ( ! d5iz5s ( =e/ & prairie--poor spiritless remnants ( :at 7 =m]ly wild animals4 ,to kill & /uff ^! victims ( our morbid curiosity1 in/ead ( immur+ !m 9 lifelong imprisonm5t1 w\ld be at once a human] & a *eap] me?od1 & c\ld n possibly be ( less use to sci5ce4#bf ,b ( c\rse ^! rem>ks d n apply1 ) any?+ l ! same =ce1 to ! tam+ ( su* wild animals z are readily dome/icat$ 9 captivity1 or tra9$ by man to "s intelligible & practical purpose4 ,= example1 ?\gh we may look =w>d to ! "t :5 x w n be deem$ necess>y to conv]t wild elephants into bea/s ( burd51 x mu/ be ackn[l$g$ t ! exaction ( su* s]vice1 h[ev] que/ionable 9 itself1 is v diff]5t f condemn+ an animal to a long t]m ( useless & dead5+ imbecility4 ,!re c be no absolute /&>d ( morals 9 ^! matt]s1 :e!r x be human lib]ty or animal lib]ty t is at /ake2 ,i m]ely cont5d t x is z incumb5t on u to %[ good reason = curtail+ ! "o z ! o!r4 ,?is w\ld be at once recogniz$1 b = ! preval5t habit ( reg>d+ ! l[] animals z devoid ( purpose & individuality4 ,! cag+ ( wild song-birds is ano!r practice :i* des]ves ! /ronge/ reprobation4 ,x is (t5 plead$ t ! amusem5t giv5 by ^! un=tunate prison]s to ! /ill m un=tunate human prison]s ( ! sick-room1 or ! smoky city1 is a ju/ification ( _! sacrifice2 b surely su* excuses re/ only on habit--habitual inability or unwill+ness to look facts 9 ! face4 ,few invalids1 ,i fancy1 w\ld be greatly *e]$ by ! captive life t hangs at _! w9d[1 if !y _h fully consid]$ h[ blight$ & /]iliz$ a life x mu/ be4 ,! bird-cat*]'s trade & ! bird-cat*]'s %op are alike full ( horrors1 & !y are horrors :i* are due entirely to a silly fa%ion & a habit ( call\s ?\ghtlessness1 n on ! "p ( ! ruffianly bird-cat*] 7ruffianly en\gh1 too (t57 :o has to be> ! burd5 ( ! odium atta*+ to ^! cruelties1 b ( ! respectable cu/om]s :o buy captur$ l>ks & l9nets )\t ! smalle/ scruple or consid]ation4 ,f9ally1 let me po9t out t if we desire to cultivate a clos] intimacy ) ! wild animals1 x mu/ be an intimacy bas$ on a g5u9e love = !m z liv+ be+s & fell[-creatures1 n on ! sup]ior p[] or cunn+ by :i* we c drag !m f _! native haunts1 w>p ! :ole purpose ( _! lives1 & degrade !m to ! level ( pets1 or curiosities1 or captives4 ,! sanctu>ies :i* ! p>ks ( "s l>ge t[ns n[ af=d to birds1 squirrels1 etc41 sugge/ :at our relations ) wild animals might be1 "u m humane conditions4 ,( all uses to :i* animals c be put--& ?is applies to ! dome/icat$ z well z to ! wild--! sillie/1 p]haps1 is t ( tra9+ !m to 8p]=m40 ,! true int]e/ ( animal life lies 9 its naturalness2 & to see a dog1 or horse1 or lion p]=m+ a 8trick0 is a sight :i* ought to cause disgu/ r ?an pleasure 9 any rational m9d1 especially z ! process ( tra9+ 9 mo/1 if n 9 all cases1 involves ! practice ( cruelty4 ,humane p]sons %\ld disc\nt5ance e sort ( ent]ta9m5t 9 :i* animals are introduc$1 f ! danc+ be> 9 ! village to ! m elaborate b n less idiotic p]=mances on ! /age4 ,_m ( !m are cruel2 all ( !m are /upid2 mo/ ( !m are bo?4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,! ,,slaught] ,,( ,,animals ,,= ,,food4 ,x is impossible t any discussion ( ! pr9ciple ( animals' rights c be at all adequate or conclusive :i* ignores1 z _m s-call$ humanit>ians /ill ignore1 ! imm5se und]ly+ importance ( ! food "q4 ,! orig9 ( ! habit ( fle%-eat+ ne$ n greatly conc]n u2 let u assume1 9 accordance ) ! mo/ fav\r$ !ory1 t animals 7 fir/ slaught]$ by ! unciviliz$ migratory tribes "u ! /ress ( want1 & t ! practice ?us eng5d]$1 be+ fo/]$ by ! religi\s idea ( blood-(f]+ & propitiation1 surviv$ & increas$ aft] ! e>ly conditions :i* produc$ x _h pass$ away4 ,:at is m important to note1 is t ! v preval5ce ( ! habit has caus$ x to be reg>d$ z a necess>y feature ( mod]n civilization1 & t ?is view has inevitably _h a m>k$ effect1 & a v detrim5tal effect1 on ! /udy ( man's moral relation to ! l[] animals4 ,n[ x mu/ be admitt$1 ,i ?9k1 t x is a difficult ?+ consi/5tly to recognize or ass]t ! rights ( an animal on :om y purpose to make a meal1 a difficulty :i* has n be5 at all satisfactorily surm\nt$ by ^? morali/s :o1 :ile accept+ ! practice ( fle%-eat+ z an in/itution :i* is itself beyond cavil1 h nev]!less be5 anxi\s to f9d "s solid basis = a !ory ( human5ess4 8,/range contr>iety ( conduct10 says ,goldsmi?'s 8,*9ese ,philosoph]10 9 comm5t+ on ?is dilemma2 8!y pity1 & !y eat ! objects ( _! compassion60 ,!re is also ! fur!r consid]ation t ! sanction implicitly giv5 to ! t]rible cruelties inflict$ on h>mless cattle by ! drov] & ! slaught]man r5d] x1 by p>ity ( reason+1 wellnigh impossible to aboli% _m o!r acts ( inju/ice t we see ev]y:]e ar\nd u2 & ?is ob/acle ! oppon5ts ( humanit>ian re=m h n be5 sl[ to utilize4 ,h5ce a disposition on ! "p ( _m humane writ]s to fight %y ( ! awkw>d subject ( ! slaught]-h\se1 or to gloss x ov] ) a s]ies ( contradictory & q irrelevant excuses4 ,let me give a few examples4 8,we deprive animals ( life10 says ,b5?am1 9 a delightfully nave application ( ! utilit>ian philosophy1 8& ?is is ju/ifiable2 _! pa9s d n equal our enjoym5ts40 8,by ! s*eme ( univ]sal provid5ce10 says ,lawr5ce1 8! s]vices betwe5 man & bea/ are int5d$ to be reciprocal1 & ! great] "p ( ! latt] c by no o!r means requite human lab\r & c>e ?an by ! =feiture ( life40 ,s*op5hau]'s plea is some:at simil> to ! =ego+3 8,man depriv$ ( all fle%-food1 especially 9 ! nor?1 w\ld suff] m ?an ! animal suff]s 9 a swift & un=ese5 dea?2 /ill we ought to mitigate x by ! help ( *lor(orm40 ,!n !re is ! argum5t s frequ5tly f\nd$ on ! suppos$ sanction ( ,nature4 8,my scruples10 wrote ,"l ,*e/]field1 8rema9$ unreconcil$ to ! committ+ ( s horrid a meal1 till ^u s]i\s reflection ,i became conv9c$ ( its legality f ! g5]al ord] ( ,nature1 :i* has in/itut$ ! univ]sal prey+ ^u ! weak] z "o ( h] fir/ pr9ciples40 ,f9ally1 we f9d ! r$\btable ,paley disc>d+ z valueless ! :ole appeal to ,nature1 & rely+ on ! ord9ances ( ,holy ,writ4 8,a "r to ! fle% ( animals4 ,"s excuse seems necess>y = ! pa9 & loss :i* we occasion to animals by re/ra9+ !m ( _! lib]ty1 mutilat+ _! bodies1 & at la/ putt+ an end to _! lives = our pleasure or conv5i5ce4 ,! reasons alleg$ 9 v9dication ( ?is practice are ! foll[+3 t ! sev]al species ( animals be+ creat$ to prey ^u "o ano!r af=ds a k9d ( analogy to prove t ! human species 7 int5d$ to fe$ ^u !m4444 ,^u :i* reason ,i w\ld obs]ve t ! analogy cont5d$ = is extremely lame1 s9ce animals h no p[] to support life by any o!r means1 & s9ce we h1 = ! :ole human species might subsi/ entirely ^u fruit1 pulse1 h]bs1 & roots1 z _m tribes ( ,h9dus actually d4444 ,x seems to me t x w\ld be difficult to def5d ?is "r by any argum5ts :i* ! light & ord] ( ,nature af=d1 & t we are behold5 = x to ! p]mission record$ 9 ,scripture40 ,x is evid5t f ! above quotations1 :i* might be indef9itely ext5d$1 t ! fable ( ! ,wolf & ! ,lamb is con/antly repeat+ itself 9 ! attitude ( our morali/s & philosoph]s t[>ds ! victims ( ! slaught]-h\se4 ,f> wis] & human]1 on ?is p>ticul> subject1 is ! tone adopt$ by su* writ]s z ,mi*elet1 :o1 :ile n see+ any way ( escape f ! practice ( fle%-eat+1 at lea/ refra9 f attempt+ to support x by fallaci\s reason+s4 8,! animals bel[ u h also _! rights be=e ,god4 ,animal life1 sombre my/]y6 ,imm5se _w ( ?\ghts & ( dumb suff]+s6 ,all nature prote/s aga9/ ! b>b>ity ( man1 :o misappreh5ds1 :o humiliates1 :o tortures 8 inf]ior bre?r54444 ,life--dea?6 ,! daily murd] :i* fe$+ ^u animals implies--^? h>d & bitt] problems /]nly plac$ !mselves be=e my m9d4 ,mis]able contradiction6 ,let u hope t !re may be ano!r globe 9 :i* ! base1 ! cruel fatalities ( ?is may be sp>$ to u40#bg ,meantime1 h[ev]1 ! simple fact rema9s true1 & is e ye> f9d+ m & m sci5tific corroboration1 t !re is no su* 8cruel fatality0 z t :i* ,mi*elet imag9$4 ,comp>ative anatomy has %[n t man is n c>nivor\s1 b frugivor\s1 9 8 natural /ructure2 exp]i5ce has %[n t fle%-food is :olly unnecess>y = ! support ( heal?y life4 ,! importance ( ?is m g5]al recognition ( a tru? :i* has 9 all ages be5 famili> to a few enlight5$ ?9k]s1 c h>dly be ov]-e/imat$ 9 its be>+ on ! "q ( animals' rights4 ,x cle>s away a difficulty :i* has long damp$ ! en?usiasm1 or w>p$ ! judgm5t ( ! human] s*ool ( ,european morali/s1 & makes x possible to approa* ! subject ( man's moral relation to ! l[] animals 9 a m c&id & fe>less _s ( enquiry4 ,x is no "p ( my pres5t purpose to advocate ! cause ( veget>ianism2 b 9 view ( ! mass ( evid5ce1 readily obta9able1 t ! transit & slaught] ( animals are necess>ily att5d$ by mo/ atroci\s cruelties1 & t a l>ge numb] ( p]sons h = ye>s be5 liv+ heal?ily )\t ! use ( fle%-meat1 x mu/ at lea/ be said t to omit ?is bran* ( ! subject f ! mo/ e>ne/ & /r5u\s consid]ation is play+ ) ! "q ( animals' rights4 ,fifty or a hundr$ ye>s ago1 !re 0 p]haps "s excuse = suppos+ t veget>ianism 0 a m]e fad2 !re is absolutely no su* excuse at ! pres5t "t4 ,!re are two po9ts ( especial significance 9 ?is connection4 ,fir/1 t z civilization advances1 ! cruelties insep>able f ! slaught]+ sy/em h be5 aggravat$ r ?an dim9i%$1 ow+ bo? to ! increas$ necessity ( transport+ animals long di/ances by sea & l&1 "u conditions ( hurry & h>d%ip :i* g5]ally preclude any sort ( humane reg>d = _! com=t1 & to ! clumsy & b>b>\s me?ods ( slaught]+ too (t5 practis$ 9 ^? ill-con/ruct$ d5s ( torm5t kn[n z 8private slaught]-h\ses40#bh ,secondly1 t ! feel+ ( repugnance caus$ among all p ( s5sibility & ref9em5t by ! sight1 or m5tion1 or ev5 ?\ght1 ( ! bus9ess ( ! but*] is also l>gely on ! increase2 s t ! details ( ! revolt+ process are1 z f> z possible1 kept c>efully out ( sight & out ( m9d1 be+ delegat$ to a p>iah class :o d ! "w :i* mo/ educat$ p]sons w\ld %r9k f do+ = !mselves4 ,9 ^! two facts we h cle> evid5ce1 fir/ t !re is good reason :y ! public consci5ce1 or at any rate ! humanit>ian consci5ce1 %\ld be uneasy conc]n+ ! slaught] ( 8live-/ock10 & secondly t ?is uneas9ess is already to a l>ge ext5t develop$ & manife/$4 ,! common argum5t1 adopt$ by _m apologi/s ( fle%-eat+1 z ( fox-hunt+1 t ! pa9 inflict$ by ! dea? ( ! animals is m ?an comp5sat$ by ! pleasure enjoy$ by !m 9 _! life-"t1 s9ce o!rwise !y w\ld n h be5 br\ght into exi/5ce at all1 is +5i\s r ?an conv9c+1 be+ inde$ none o!r ?an ! old famili> fallacy already comm5t$ on--! arbitr>y trick ( con/itut+ ourselves ! spokesm5 & ! int]pret]s ( our victims4 ,mr4 ,e4 ,b4 ,ni*olson1 = example1 is ( op9ion t 8we may pretty safely take x t if he ! fox 7 able to und]/& & answ] ! "q1 he w\ld *oose life1 ) all its pa9s & risks1 to non-exi/5ce )\t !m40#bi ,un=tunately = ! s\ndness ( ?is suspici\sly p>tial assumption1 !re is no record$ in/ance ( ?is /range alt]native hav+ ev] be5 submitt$ ei!r to fox or philosoph]2 s t a prec$5t has yet to be e/abli%$ on :i* to f\nd a judgm5t4 ,meantime1 in/ead ( committ+ ! gross absurdity ( talk+ ( non-exi/5ce z a /ate :i* is good1 or bad1 or 9 any way comp>able to exi/5ce1 we might d well to rememb] t animals' rights1 if we admit !m at all1 mu/ beg9 ) ! bir?1 & c only end ) ! dea?1 ( ! animals 9 "q1 & t we _c evade our j responsibilities by any su* quibbl+ ref]5ces to an imag9>y ante-natal *oice 9 an imag9>y ante-natal condition4 ,! mo/ mis*iev\s effect ( ! practice ( fle%-eat+1 9 its influ5ce on ! /udy ( animals' rights at ! pres5t "t1 is t x s /ultifies & debases ! v raison d'tre ( c\ntless myriads ( be+s--x br+s !m into life = no bett] purpose ?an to d5y _! "r to live4 ,x is idle to appeal to ! int]nec9e w>f>e t we see 9 "s aspects ( wild nature1 :]e ! weak] animal is (t5 ! prey ( ! /rong]1 = !re 7ap>t f ! fact t co-op]ation l>gely modifies competition7 ! weak] races at lea/ live _! own lives & take _! *ance 9 ! game1 :]eas ! victims ( ! human c>nivora are br$1 & f$1 & f ! fir/ pre-de/9$ to untimely slaught]1 s t _! :ole mode ( liv+ is w>p$ f its natural /&>d1 & !y are sc>cely m ?an animat$ beef or mutton or pork4 ,x has be5 well said t 8to keep a man 7slave or s]vant7 = y\r own advantage m]ely1 to keep an animal t y may eat x1 is a lie4 ,y _c look t man or animal 9 ! face40#cj ,veget>ianism1 !n1 is ! ideal t[>ds :i* food-re=m]s mu/ /rive2 & 9 ! meantime some?+ may be done by ! improvem5t ( me?ods ( slaught]+4 ,! advantages ( ! public ov] ! private slaught]-h\se h repeat$ly be5 demon/rat$1 z1 = example1 9 ! ,report ( ! ,tub]culosis ,commission ( #ahih1 & 9 ! ,report ( ! ,commission appo9t$ by ! ,admiralty 8to consid] ! humane slaught]+ ( animals10 issu$ 9 #aijd4 ,anyone :o w comp>e ! blund]+1 haphaz>d me?ods ( _m ,engli% slaught]-h\ses ) ! model abattoirs ( ,g]many1 ,switz]l&1 & o!r ,cont95tal ,/ates1 w at once see ! press+ ne$ ( su* re=ms on ! score ( humanity4 ,! but*]s' objections to ! abattoir sy/em arise f ! usual trade prejudices1 & f ! fe> t _! int]e/s w\ld suff]2 b private int]e/s1 real or imag9$1 %\ld n be all[$ to /& 9 ! way ( a re=m :i* w\ld 9 ! long run b5efit all classes ( ! community--n lea/ ! unhappy victims ( ! %ambles4 ,"o ?+ is c]ta91 t if all fle%-eat]s c\ld !mselves see :at goes on beh9d ! sc5es 9 _m private slaught]-h\ses1 an end w\ld soon be put to a sy/em :i* is z b>b>\s z x is insanit>y--a fruitful cause ( cruelty to ! animals & ( dang] to ! public4 ,re=m ( diet w d\btless be sl[1 & att5d$ 9 _m individual cases ) its difficulties & drawbacks4 ,b at lea/ we may lay d[n ?is mu* z incumb5t on all humanit>ian ?9k]s--t ev]yone mu/ satisfy himself ( ! necessity1 ! real necessity1 ( ! use ( fle%-food1 be=e he comes to any conclusion on ! subject ( animals' rights4 ,x is easy to see t1 z ! "q is m & m discuss$1 ! result w be m & m decisive4 8,:atev] my own practice may be10 wrote ,?oreau1 8,i h no d\bt t x is a "p ( ! de/9y ( ! human race1 9 its gradual improvem5t1 to leave (f eat+ animals1 z surely z ! savage tribes h left (f eat+ ea* o!r :5 !y came 9 contact ) ! m civiliz$40 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,sport1 ,,or ,,amateur ,,but*]y4 ,t p>ticul> =m ( recreation :i* is euphemi/ically kn[n z 8sport0 has a close hi/orical connection ) ! practice ( fle%-eat+1 inasmu* z ! hunt] 0 9 old times :at ! but*] is n[1--! 8purveyor0 on :om ! family 0 dep5d5t = its daily supply ( victuals4 ,mod]n sport1 h[ev]1 z usually c>ri$ on 9 civiliz$ ,european c\ntries1 has deg5]at$ into :at has be5 well describ$ z 8amateur but*]y10 a sy/em "u :i* ! slaught] ( c]ta9 k9ds ( animals is practis$ less z a necessity ?an z a means ( amusem5t & div]sion4 ,j z ! y\?ful nobles1 dur+ ! savage sc5es & reprisals ( ! ,hugu5ot w>s1 us$ to seize ! opportunity ( ex]cis+ _! swordsman%ip1 & p]fect+ !mselves 9 ! art ( deal+ graceful dea?-bl[s1 s ! mod]n sportsman conv]ts ! kill+ ( animals f a prosaic & p]haps di/a/eful bus9ess into an agreeable & g5tlemanly pa/ime4 ,n[1 on ! v face ( x1 ?is amateur but*]y is1 9 "o s5se1 ! mo/ wanton & indef5sible ( all possible violations ( ! pr9ciple ( animals' rights4 ,if animals--or m51 = t matt]--h ( necessity to be kill$1 let !m be kill$ accord+ly2 b to seek "o's own amusem5t out ( ! dea?-pangs ( o!r be+s1 ?is is sadd5+ /upidity inde$6 ,wisely did ,wordswor? inculcate z ! moral ( 8 8,h>tleap ,well10 8,nev] to bl5d our pleasure or our pride ,) sorr[ ( ! meane/ ?+ t feels40 ,b ! sport+ in/9ct is due to %e] call\sness & ins5sibility2 ! sportsman1 by =ce ( habit1 or by =ce ( h]$it>y influ5ce1 _c und]/& or sympa?ize ) ! suff]+s he causes1 & be+1 9 ! great majority ( in/ances1 a man ( sl[ p]ception1 he naturally f9ds x mu* easi] to foll[ ! h\nds ?an to foll[ an argum5t4 ,& "h1 9 8 *ief blame1 lies also 8 *ief excuse2 = x may be said ( him1 z x _c be said ( c]ta9 o!r torm5tors1 t he really does n compreh5d ! import ( :at he is do+4 ,:e!r ?is ultimately makes 8 position bett] or worse1 is a po9t = ! casui/ to decide4 ,t 8x w\ld h to be kill$ anyh[0 is a truly deplorable reason = tortur+ any animal :atsoev]2 x is an argum5t :i* w\ld equally h ju/ifi$ ! wor/ b>b>ities ( ! ,roman amphi!atre4 ,to ext]m9ate wolves1 & o!r dang]\s species1 may inde$1 at c]ta9 places & times1 be necess>y & ju/ifiable en\gh4 ,b ! sportsman n[adays w n ev5 p]=m ?is practical s]vice ( ext]m9at+ su* animals--! fox1 = example--z are noxi\s to ! g5]al int]e/s ( ! community2 on ! contr>y1 he 8pres]ves0 !m 7note ! un9t5d$ hum\r ( ! t]m671 & !n1 by a happy aft]?\ght1 claims ! gratitude ( ! animals !mselves = 8 humane & b5evol5t int]position4#ca ,9 pla9 words1 he fir/ und]takes to rid ! c\ntry ( a pe/1 & !n1 f9d+ ! process an enjoyable "o to himself1 he contrives t x %all nev] be br\ght to a conclusion4 ,prome!us _h precisely z mu* reason to be grateful to ! vulture = et]nally gnaw+ at 8 liv]1 z h ! hunt$ animals to ?ank ! pr$ace\s sportsm5 :o 8pres]ve0 !m4 ,let me once m ent] a prote/ aga9/ ! cant+ ,ph>isaism :i* is afraid to take ! j responsibility ( its own selfi% pleasure-seek+4 8,:at "n %\ld we be/[10 said a humane essayi/ ( ! eighte5? c5tury1#cb 8on a sup]ior be+ :o1 )\t provocation or advantage1 %\ld cont9ue f day to day1 void ( all pity & remorse1 to torm5t mank9d = div]sion1 & at ! same "t endeav\r ) ! utmo/ c>e to pres]ve _! lives & to promulgate _! species1 9 ord] to increase ! numb] ( victims devot$ to 8 malevol5ce1 & be delight$ 9 proportion to ! mis]ies :i* he occasion$8 ,i say1 :at "n dete/able en\gh c\ld we f9d = su* a be+8 ,yet1 if we imp>tially consid] ! case1 & our int]m$iate situation1 we mu/ ackn[l$ge t1 ) reg>d to ! inf]ior animals1 j su* a be+ is ! sportsman40 ,! excuses alleg$ 9 fav\r ( ,engli% blood-sports 9 g5]al1 & ( hunt+ 9 p>ticul>1 are = ! mo/ "p z irrelevant z !y are unreasonable4 ,x is (t5 said t ! manl9ess ( our national "* w\ld be injuri\sly affect$ by ! discont9uance ( ^! sports--a /range argum5t1 :5 "o consid]s ! v unequal1 & !re=e unmanly1 conditions ( ! /rife4 ,b1 ap>t f ?is consid]ation1 :at "r c we possess to cultivate ^! p]sonal qualities at ! exp5se ( unspeakable suff]+ to ! l[] races8 ,su* actions may be p>donable 9 a savage1 or 9 a s*oolboy 9 :om ! savage nature /ill l>gely pr$om9ates1 b !y are :olly unwor?y ( a civiliz$ & rational man4 ,z = ! nons5se sometimes talk$ ab\t ! b5eficial effects ( ^? field-sports :i* br+ m5 into contact ) ! sublimities ( nature1 ! dynamit]s :o us$ to cross ! ocean to bl[ up an ,engli% t[n might on ?is pr9ciple h ju/ifi$ ! object ( _! j\rney by ! ass]tion t ! sea-voyage br\ght !m 9 contact ) ! exalt+ & ennobl+ influ5ce ( ! ,atlantic4#cc ,z ! case /&s betwe5 ! sportsman & 8 victims1 !re _c be mu* d\bt z to :5ce ! b5efits proce$1 & f :i* p>ty ! gratitude is due4 8,woe to ! ungrateful60 says ,mi*elet4 8,by ?is phrase ,i mean ! sport+ cr[d1 :o1 unm9dful ( ! num]\s b5efits we owe to ! animals1 ext]m9ate innoc5t life4 ,a t]rible s5t5ce weighs on ! tribes ( sportsm5--!y c create no?+4 ,!y orig9ate no art1 no indu/ry4444 ,x is a %ock+ & hide\s ?+ to see a *ild p>tial to sport2 to see woman enjoy+ & admir+ murd]1 & enc\rag+ h] *ild4 ,t delicate & s5sitive woman w\ld n give him a knife1 b %e gives him a gun40 ,! sports ( hunt+ & c\rs+ are a brutality :i* c\ld n be tol]at$ = a day 9 a /ate :i* possess$ any?+ m ?an ! m]e "n ( ju/ice1 fre$om1 & enlight5m5t4 ,sir ,?omas ,m says ( 8 model citiz5s 9 8,utopia30 8,nor c !y compreh5d ! pleasure ( see+ dogs run aft] a h>e m ?an ( see+ "o dog run aft] ano!r2 = if ! see+ !m run is t :i* gives ! pleasure1 y h ! same ent]ta9m5t to ! eye on bo? ^! occasions1 s9ce t is ! same 9 bo? cases2 b if ! pleasure lies 9 see+ ! h>e kill$ & torn by ! dogs1 ?is ought r to /ir pity1 t a weak1 h>mless1 & fe>ful h>e %\ld be dev\r$ by /rong1 fi]ce1 & cruel dogs40 ,to be accurate1 ! ze/ ( sport lies nei!r 9 ! runn+ nor ! kill+1 z su*1 b 9 ! excitem5t caus$ by ! fact t a life 7"s "o else's life7 is at /ake1 t ! pursu] is mat*$ 9 a fi]ce game ( haz>d aga9/ ! pursu$4 ,! op9ion has be5 express$1 by "o well qualifi$ to speak ) au?ority on ! subject1 t 8well-laid drags1 track$ by exp]ts1 w\ld te/ ! mettle bo? ( h\nds & rid]s to h\nds2 b !n a t]rifi$1 palpitat+1 flee+ life w\ld n be /ruggl+ ahead1 & s ! idea is n pleas+ to ^? :o f9d pleasure 9 blood40#cd ,! case is ev5 worse :5 ! qu>ry is to all int5ts & purposes dome/icat$1 an animal wild by nature1 b by =ce ( circum/ances & surr\nd+s tame4 ,su* are ! p>k de]1 ! victims ( ! sportsm5 :o p]si/ 9 c>ry+ on ! c>t$ /ag hunt1 9 spite ( ! abolition ( ! ,royal ,buckh\nds 9 #aija4 ,!re is urg5t ne$ t ! laws :i* relate to ! humane treatm5t ( animals %\ld be am5d$1 or m wisely int]pret$1 on ?is p>ticul> po9t1 s z to af=d imm$iate protection to ^! dome/icat$ /ags1 ^: torture1 "u ! "n & sanction ( 8sport10 has be5 long condemn$ by ! public consci5ce4 ,be>-bait+ & cock-fight+ h n[ be5 aboli%$ by legal enactm5t1 & x is high "t t ! equally demoraliz+ sport ( hunt+ ( tame /ags %\ld be relegat$ to ! same category4#ce ,! same mu/ be said ( "s sports :i* are practis$ by ! ,engli% work+ man--rabbit-c\rs+1 9 p>ticul>1 t half-holiday div]sion :i* is s popul> 9 _m villages ( ! ,nor?4 ,an attempt is (t5 made by ! apologi/s ( amateur but*]y to play (f "o class aga9/ ano!r 9 ! discussion ( ?is "q4 ,!y prote/1 on ! "o h&1 aga9/ any int]f]5ce ) ari/ocratic sport1 on ! plea t work+ m5 are no less addict$ to su* pa/imes2 &1 on ! o!r h&1 a cry is rais$ aga9/ ! unfairness ( re/rict+ ! amusem5ts ( ! poor1 :ile noble lords & ladies are p]mitt$ to hunt ! c>t$ /ag ) impunity4 ,! obvi\s answ] to ^! quibbl+ excuses is t all su* b>b>ities1 :e!r practis$ by ri* or poor1 are alike condemn$ by any conceivable pr9ciple ( ju/ice & human5ess2 &1 fur!r1 t x is a d\btful complim5t to work+ m5 to sugge/ t !y h no?+ bett] to d 9 _! sp>e h\rs ?an to torture def5celess rabbits4 ,x 0 long ago rem>k$ by ,m>t91 ! au?or ( ! fam\s ,act ( #ahbb1 t su* an argum5t indicates at bottom a contempt r ?an reg>d = ! work+-classes2 x is z mu* z to say1 8,poor creatures1 let !m alone--!y h few amusem5ts--let !m enjoy !m40 ,no?+ c be m %ock+ ?an ! treatm5t commonly accord$ to rabbits1 rats1 & o!r small animals1 on ! plea t !y are 8v]m910 & !re=e1 x is tacitly assum$1 outside ! pale ( humanity & ju/ice2 we h "h ano!r in/ance ( ! way 9 :i* ! application ( a contemptu\s "n may aggravate & increase ! actual t5d5cy to b>b>\s ill-usage4 ,h[ _m a demoraliz+ spectacle1 especially :]e ! "y are conc]n$1 is witness$ :5 8fun0 is made out ( ! dea? & torture ( 8v]m906 ,h[ horrible is ! practice1 app>5tly univ]sal ?r\gh\t all c\ntry di/ricts1 ( sett+ /eel traps along ! dit*es & h$g][s1 9 :i* ! victims are frequ5tly left to l+]1 9 an agony ( pa9 & appreh5sion1 = h\rs1 or ev5 days6 ,yet !re are no means ( r$ress+ ^! b>b>ities1 because ! laws1 su* z !y are1 :i* prohibit cruelty to animals1 are n design$ to take any cognizance ( 8v]m940 ,all t has be5 said ( hunt+ & c\rs+ is applicable also--9 a less degree1 p]haps1 b on exactly ! same pr9ciple--to ! sports ( %oot+ & fi%+4 ,let me quote a /rik+ te/imony to ! wick$ness & inju/ice ( sport1 z exhibit$ 9 "o ( its mo/ ref9$ & fa%ionable =ms1 ! 8cult ( ! pheasant40#cf 8,= :at is x b ! delib]ate massacre 9 cold blood e ye> ( ?\s&s & t5s ( ?\s&s ( tame1 h&-re>$ birds :o are lit]ally driv5 into ! jaws ( dea? & m[n d[n 9 a peculi>ly brutal mann]8444 ,a p]fect ro> ( guns fills ! air1 l\d] tap & yell ! beat]s1 above ! d9 c be he>d ! he>t-r5d+ cries ( w\nd$ h>es & rabbits1 "s ( :i* c be se5 dragg+ !mselves away1 ) bo? h9d legs brok51 or turn+ r\nd & r\nd 9 _! agony be=e !y die4 ,& ! pheasants6 ,!y are on e side1 "s ris+1 "s dropp+1 "s ly+ dead1 b ! great] majority flutt]+ on ! gr\nd w\nd$1 "s ) bo? legs brok5 & a w+1 "s ) bo? w+s brok5 & a leg1 o!rs m]ely w+$1 runn+ to hide1 o!rs mortally w\nd$ gasp+ out _! la/ brea? ( life amid/ ! fi5di% s\nds :i* surr\nd !m4 ,& ?is is call$ sport6444 ,sport 9 e =m & k9d is horrible1 f ! ri* man's h>e-c\rs+ to ! poor man's rabbit-c\rs+4 ,all %[ ! #8tig]' t lives 9 our natures1 & :i* no?+ b a high] civilization w eradicate40 ,x does n 9 ! lea/ matt]1 s f> z ! "q ( animals' rights is conc]n$1 :e!r y run y\r victim to dea? ) a pack ( yelp+ h\nds1 or %oot him ) a gun1 or drag him f 8 native wat]s by a hook2 ! po9t at issue is simply :e!r man is ju/ifi$ 9 inflict+ any =m ( dea? or suff]+ on ! l[] races = 8 m]e amusem5t & caprice4 ,!re c be little d\bt :at answ] mu/ be giv5 to ?is "q4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,murd]\s ,,mill9]y4 ,we h se5 :at a va/ am\nt ( q prev5table suff]+ is caus$ ?r\gh ! ag5cy ( ! slaught]man :o kills = a bus9ess1 & ( ! sportsman :o kills = a pa/ime1 ! victims 9 ei!r case be+ reg>d$ z m]e irrational automata1 ) no high] de/9y ?an to satisfy ! mo/ artificial wants or ! mo/ cruel caprices ( mank9d4 ,a few words mu/ n[ be said ab\t ! fur & fea!r traffic--! slaught] ( mammals & birds = human clo?+ or human ornam5tation--a subject connect$ on ! "o h& ) t ( fle%-eat+1 & on ! o!r1 ?\gh to a less degree1 ) t ( sport4 ,:at ,i %all say w ( c\rse h no ref]5ce to wool1 or any o!r sub/ance :i* is obta9able )\t injury to ! animal f :om x is tak54 ,x is evid5t t 9 ?is case1 z 9 ! but*]+ trade1 ! responsibility = :atev] wrongs are done mu/ re/ ultimately on ! class :i* dem&s an unnecess>y commodity1 r ?an on t :i* is compell$ by economic pressure to supply x2 x is n ! man :o kills ! bird1 b ! lady :o we>s ! fea!rs 9 h] hat1 :o is ! true (f5d]4 ,b "h x w be ask$1 is ! use ( furs & fea!rs unnecess>y8 ,n[ ( c\rse if we consid] solely ! pres5t ne$s & ta/es ( society1 9 reg>d to ^! matt]s1 x mu/ be admitt$ t a sudd51 unexpect$ )drawal ( ! numb]less animal products on :i* our 8civilization0 dep5ds w\ld be a v s]i\s emb>rassm5t2 ! _w1 z al>mi/s po9t out to u1 might h to g to b$ )\t c&les1 & wake up to f9d itself )\t boots4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$1 h[ev]1 t su* *anges d n come ab\t ) sudd5ness1 b1 on ! contr>y1 ) ! extreme/ sl[ness imag9able2 & a little ?\ght w sugge/1 :at exp]i5ce has already 9 _m cases confirm$1 t !re is really no indisp5sable animal sub/ance = :i* a sub/itute _c be provid$1 :5 once !re is suffici5t dem&1 f ! vegetable or m9]al k+dom4 ,take ! case ( lea!r1 = in/ance1 a mat]ial :i* is 9 almo/ univ]sal use1 & may1 "u pres5t circum/ances1 be fairly describ$ z a necess>y4 ,:at %\ld we d )\t lea!r8 01 9 fact1 a "q v frequ5tly ask$ ( veget>ians dur+ ! e>ly & call[ ye>s ( ! food-re=m movem5t1 until x 0 f\nd t vegetable lea!r c\ld be successfully employ$ 9 boot-mak+1 & t ! inconsi/5cy ( :i* veget>ians at pres5t /& convict$ is only a tempor>y & incid5tal "o4 ,n[ ( c\rse s long z ox5 are slaught]$ = food1 _! sk9s w be utiliz$ 9 ?is way2 b x is n difficult to =esee t ! gradual discont9uance ( ! habit ( fle%-eat+ w lead to a simil> gradual discont9uance ( ! use ( hides1 & t human +5uity w n be at a loss 9 ! provision ( a sub/itute4 ,s t x does n foll[ t a commodity :i*1 9 ! imm$iate s5se1 is necess>y n[1 w\ld be absolutely or p]man5tly necess>y1 "u diff]5t conditions1 9 ! future4 ,my sole reason = dwell+ on ?is typical po9t is t ,i wi% to gu>d myself1 by anticipation1 aga9/ a v plausible argum5t1 by :i* discr$it is (t5 ca/ on ! :ole !ory ( animals' rights4 ,:at c be ! object1 x is said1 ( ent]+ on ! s5tim5tal pa? ( an impossible humanit>ianism1 :i* only leads into insurm\ntable difficulties & dilemmas1 inasmu* z ! use ( ^! v>i\s animal sub/ances is s int]wov5 ) ! :ole sy/em ( society t x c nev] be discont9u$ until society itself comes to an end8 ,i ass]t t ! case is by no means s desp]ate--t x is easy to make a "r beg9n+ n[1 & to =esee ! l9es along :i* future progress w be effect$4 ,mu* t is impossible 9 our own "t may be realiz$1 by ^? :o come aft] u1 z ! natural & inevitable outcome ( re=ms :i* x n[ lies ) u to inaugurate4 ,?is said1 x may be freely admitt$ t1 at ! outset1 humanit>ians w d well to draw a practical di/9ction betwe5 su* animal products z are conv]t$ to "s g5u9e p]sonal use1 & ^? :i* are suppli$ = no bett] object ?an to gratify ! idle :ims ( luxury or fa%ion4 ,! :5 & ! :]e are consid]ations ( ! greate/ import 9 ^! que/ions4 ,!re is a c]ta9 fitness 9 ! hunt]--himself ! product ( a r\gh1 wild era 9 human developm5t--assum+ ! sk9s ( ! wild creatures he has conqu]$2 b x does n foll[ because an ,eskimo1 = example1 may appropriately we> fur1 or a ,r$ ,indian fea!rs1 t ?is app>el w be equally becom+ to ! inhabitants ( ,london or ,new ,york2 on ! contr>y1 an act :i* is p]fectly natural 9 ! "o case is (t5 a sign ( crass vulg>ity 9 ! o!r4 ,h]cules1 clo!d triumphant 9 ! spoils ( ! ,nemean lion1 is a subject = pa9t] & poet2 b :at if he _h pur*as$ ! sk91 ready dress$1 f a contempor>y manufactur]8 ,:at we mu/ unhesitat+ly condemn is ! bl9d & reckless b>b>ism :i* has ransack$1 & is ransack+1 :ole prov9ces & cont95ts1 )\t a glimm] ( suspicion t ! birds & quadrup$s :i* x is rapidly ext]m9at+ h any o!r "p or purpose 9 nature ?an to be sacrific$ to human vanity1 t idle g5tlem5 & ladies may b$eck !mselves1 l c]ta9 *>act]s 9 ! fable1 9 borr[$ sk9s & fea!rs4 ,:at c>e !y = all ! beauty & t5d]ness & intellig5ce ( ! v>i$ =ms ( animal life8 & :at is x to !m :e!r ^! be help$ =w>d by man 9 ! univ]sal progress & evolution ( all liv+ ?+s1 or :e!r :ole species be trans=m$ & degrad$ by ! way--boil$ d[n1 l ! beav]1 into a hat1 or1 l ! seal1 into a lady's jacket8 ,:atev] x may be 9 o!r respects1 ! fur trade1 9 s f> z x is a supply ( ornam5tal clo?+ = ^? :o are "u no necessity ( we>+ fur at all1 is a b>b>\s & /upid bus9ess4 ,x makes pat*work1 "o may say1 n only ( ! hides ( its victims1 b ( ! consci5ce & intellect ( its patrons4 ,a fur g>m5t or trimm+1 we are told1 appe>+ to ! eye z if x 7 "o uni=m piece1 is g5]ally made up ( _m curi\sly %ap$ fragm5ts4 ,x is significant t a society :i* is enam\r$ ( s _m %ams & fictions1 & :i* dete/s no?+ s /rongly z ! ne$ ( look+ facts 9 ! face1 %\ld pre-em95tly e/eem ^? articles ( app>el :i* are con/ruct$ on ! mo/ deceptive & illusory pr9ciple4 ,! /ory ( ! ,ass 9 ! ,lion's sk9 is capable1 x seems1 ( a new & wid] application4 ,cruel z is all hunt+ ( animals = _! fur1 !re is a peculi> call\sness 9 ! seal 8fi%]y10 n only because ! seal1 f> f be+ a fi%1 is "o ( ! mo/ s5sitive ( w>m-blood$ animals1 b because ( ! atroci\s me?ods by :i* ! practice ( 8seal+0 has too (t5 be5 pursu$4 ,9 all ! hi/ory ( man's deal+s ) ! l[] races1 !re is no bloodi] record ?an t ( 8 treatm5t ( ! tru/ful & unresi/+ seal4 ,b if ! fur trade gives cause = s]i\s reflection1 :at are we to say ( ! /ill m abom9able trade 9 fea!rs8 ,murd]\s1 inde$1 is ! mill9]y :i* f9ds its mo/ fa%ionable ornam5t 9 ! dead bodies ( birds--birds1 ! lovelie/ & mo/ bli!some be+s 9 ,nature6 ,x has be5 said t 8to enum]ate all ! fea!rs us$ = ornam5tal purposes w\ld be practically to give a complete li/ ( all kn[n & obta9able birds40 ,! figures & details publi%$ by ^? humane writ]s :o h rais$ an unavail+ prote/ aga9/ ?is late/ & wor/ crime ( ,fa%ion are really appall+ 9 _! /]n & nak$ record ( unremitt+ cruelty4 8,"o deal] 9 ,london is said to h receiv$ z a s+le consignm5t #cb1jjj dead humm+-birds1 #hj1jjj aquatic birds1 & #hjj1jjj pairs ( w+s4 ,a ,p>isian deal] _h a contract = #dj1jjj birds1 & an army ( murd]]s 7 turn$ out to supply ! ord]4 ,no less ?an #dj1jjj t]ns h be5 s5t f ,long ,isl& 9 "o season = mill9]y purposes4 ,at "o auction alone 9 ,london !re 7 sold #djd1chi ,we/ ,indian & ,brazilian bird-sk9s1 & #cef1chi ,ea/ ,indian1 besides ?\s&s ( pheasants & birds-(-p>adise40 ,! mean+ ( su* /ati/ics is simply t ! wom5 ( ,europe & ,am]ica h giv5 an ord] = ! ru?less ext]m9ation ( birds4 ,x is n s]i\sly cont5d$ 9 any qu>t] t ?is :olesale de/ruction1 effect$ (t5 9 ! mo/ revolt+ & he>tless mann]1 is capable ( excuse or ju/ification2 yet ! ef=ts ( ^? :o address !mselves to ! bett] feel+s ( ! (f5d]s appe> to meet ) little or no success4 ,! cause ( ?is failure mu/ und\bt$ly be s\ght 9 ! g5]al lack ( any cle> conviction t animals h rights2 & ! evil w nev] be ?or\ghly rem$i$ until n only ?is p>ticul> abuse1 b all su* abuses1 & ! prime s\rce f :i* su* abuses orig9ate1 h be5 subject$ to an imp>tial criticism4#cg ,9 say+ ?is ,i d n ( c\rse mean to imply t special ef=ts %\ld n be direct$ aga9/ special cruelties4 ,i h already rem>k$ t ! ma9 responsibility = ! daily murd]s :i* fa%ionable mill9]y is in/igat+ mu/ lie at ! door ( ^? :o dem&1 r ?an ^? :o supply1 ^! hide\s & fun]eal ornam5ts4 ,un=tunately ! process1 l t ( slaught]+ cattle1 is ?r\gh\t delegat$ to o!r h&s ?an ^? ( ! ultimate pur*as]1 s t x is exce$+ly difficult to br+ home a due s5se ( blood-guilt9ess to ! "r p]son4 ,! confirm$ sportsman1 or amateur but*]1 at lea/ sees ) 8 own eyes ! circum/ances att5dant on 8 8sport02 & ! fact t he feels no compunction 9 pursu+ x is due1 9 mo/ cases1 to an obtus5ess or confusion ( ! moral faculties4 ,b _m ( ^? :o we> seal-sk9 mantles1 or fea!r-b$aub$ bonnets are naturally humane en\gh2 !y are misl$ by pure ignorance or ?\ghtlessness1 & w\ld at once ab&on su* practices if !y c\ld be made aw>e ( ! me?ods employ$ 9 ! :olesale massacre ( seals or humm+-birds4 ,/ill1 x rema9s true t all ^! que/ions ultimately hang toge!r1 & t no complete solution w be f\nd = any "o ( !m until ! :ole problem ( our moral relation t[>ds ! l[] animals is /udi$ ) f> great] compreh5siv5ess4 ,= ?is reason x is p]haps unsci5tific to ass]t t any p>ticul> =m ( cruelty to animals is worse ?an ano!r =m2 ! tru? is1 t ea* ( ^! hydra-heads1 ! (fspr+ ( "o p>5t /em1 has its own prop] *>act]i/ic1 & is diff]5t1 n worse or bett] ?an ! re/4 ,to fle%-eat+ belongs ! pr\d di/9ction ( caus+ a great] bulk ( animal suff]+ ?an any o!r habit :atsoev]2 to sport1 ! me$ ( unique & unp>allel$ brutality2 :ile ! patrons ( murd]\s mill9]y af=d ! mo/ m>vell\s in/ance ( ! capacity ! human m9d possesses = ignor+ its p]sonal responsibilities4 ,to re-apply ,keats's words3 8,= !m ! ,ceylon div] held 8 brea?1 ,& w5t all nak$ to ! hungry %>k2 ,= !m 8 e>s gu%'d blood2 = !m 9 dea? ,! seal on ! cold ice ) pite\s b>k ,lay full ( d>ts2 = !m alone did see! ,a ?\s& m5 9 tr\bles wide & d>k2 ,half ignorant1 !y turn'd an easy :eel1 ,t set %>p racks at "w1 to p9* & peel40 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,exp]im5tal ,,torture4 ,great is ! *ange :5 we turn f ! easy1 ?\ghtless indiff]5tism ( ! sportsman or ! mill9] to ! m det]m9$ & delib]ately *os5 attitude ( ! sci5ti/--s great1 inde$1 t by _m p1 ev5 among pr(ess$ *ampions ( animals' rights1 x is held impossible to trace su* dissimil> l9es ( action to "o & ! same s\rce4 ,yet x c be %[n1 ,i ?9k1 t 9 ?is in/ance1 z 9 ^? already exam9$1 ! prime cause ( man's inju/ice to ! l[] animals is ! belief t !y are m]e automata1 devoid alike ( _s1 "*1 & individuality2 only1 :ile ! ignorant sportsman expresses ?is contempt ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! battue1 & ! mill9] ?r\gh t ( ! bonnet1 ! m s]i\sly-m9d$ physiologi/ works 8 "w 9 ! 8exp]im5tal torture0 ( ! laboratory4 ,! diff]5ce lies 9 ! temp]am5t ( ! m51 & 9 ! tone ( _! pr(ession2 b 9 _! d5ial ( ! mo/ elem5t>y rights ( ! l[] races1 !y are all inspir$ & in/igat$ by "o common prejudice4 ,! analytical me?od employ$ by mod]n sci5ce t5ds ultimately1 9 ! h&s ( its mo/ enlight5$ expon5ts1 to a recognition ( ! close relation%ip betwe5 mank9d & ! animals2 b incid5tally x has ex]cis$ a mo/ s9i/] effect on ! /udy ( ! jus animalium among ! mass ( av]age m54 ,= consid] ! deal+s ( ! s-call$ naturali/ ) ! animals ^: nature he makes x 8 bus9ess to obs]ve6 ,9 n9ety-n9e cases out ( a hundr$1 he is :olly unappreciative ( ! di/9ctive quality1 ! individuality1 ( ! subject ( 8 inve/igations1 & becomes no?+ m ?an a cont5t$ accumulator ( facts1 an indu/ri\s dissector ( c>casses4 8,i ?9k ! mo/ important requisite 9 describ+ an animal10 says ,?oreau1 8is to be sure t y give its "* & _s1 = 9 t y h1 )\t error1 ! sum & effect ( all its p>ts kn[n & unkn[n4 ,surely ! mo/ important "p ( an animal is its anima1 its vital _s1 on :i* is bas$ its "* & all ! p>ticul>s by :i* x mo/ conc]ns u4 ,yet mo/ sci5tific books :i* treat ( animals leave ?is out altoge!r1 & :at !y describe are1 z x 71 ph5om5a ( dead matt]40 ,! :ole sy/em ( our 8natural hi/ory0 z practis$ at ! pres5t "t1 is bas$ on a deplorably p>tial & mislead+ me?od4 ,does a r>e bird alight on our %ores8 ,x is at once slaught]$ by "s ent]pris+ collector1 & pr\dly h&$ ov] to ! ne>e/ taxid]mi/1 t x may be 8pres]v$10 among a numb] ( o!r /uff$ corpses1 9 ! local ,museum4 ,x is a dismal bus9ess at be/1 ?is sci5ce ( ! f[l+-piece & ! dissect+-knife1 b x is 9 keep+ ) ! utilit>ian t5d5cy ( a c]ta9 s*ool ( ?\ght1 & only a few ( its pr(essors rise out ( x1 & above x1 to a matur] & m f>-sight$ und]/&+4 8,! *ild10 says ,mi*elet1 8disports himself1 %att]s1 & de/roys2 he f9ds 8 happ9ess 9 undo+4 ,& sci5ce1 9 its *ildhood1 does ! same4 ,x _c /udy unless x kills4 ,! sole use :i* x makes ( a liv+ m9d is1 9 ! fir/ place1 to dissect x4 ,none c>ry into sci5tific pursuits t t5d] rev]5ce = life :i* ,nature rew>ds by unveil+ to u h] my/]ies40 ,"u ^! circum/ances1 x is sc>cely to be wond]$ at t mod]n sci5ti/s1 _! m9ds a?ir/ = fur!r & fur!r opportunities ( satisfy+ ?is analytical curiosity1 %\ld desire to h rec\rse to ! exp]im5tal torture :i* is euphemi/ically describ$ z 8vivisection40 ,!y are caught & impell$ by ! ov]ma/]+ passion ( k2 &1 z a h&y subject = ! gratification ( ?is passion1 !y see be=e !m ! helpless race ( animals1 9 "p wild1 9 "p dome/icat$1 b alike reg>d$ by ! g5]ality ( mank9d z incapable ( possess+ any 8rights40 ,!y are practically accu/om$ 7despite _! o/5sible disav[al ( ! ,c>tesian !ory7 to treat ^! animals z automata--?+s made to be kill$ & dissect$ & catalogu$ = ! advancem5t ( k2 !y are1 moreov]1 9 _! pr(essional capacity1 ! l9eal desc5dants ( a class ( m5 :o1 h[ev] k9dly & consid]ate 9 o!r respects1 h nev] scrupl$ to subord9ate ! /ronge/ prompt+s ( human5ess to ! lea/ ( ! suppos$ int]e/s ( sci5ce4#ch ,giv5 ^! conditions1 x seems z inevitable t ! physiologi/ %\ld vivisect z t ! c\ntry g5tleman %\ld %oot4 ,exp]im5tal torture is z appropriately ! /udy ( ! half-enlight5$ man z sport is ! amusem5t ( ! half-witt$4 ,b ! fact t vivisection is n1 z "s ( its oppon5ts w\ld appe> to reg>d x1 a port5t\s1 unacc\ntable ph5om5on1 b r ! logical outcome ( a c]ta9 ill-balanc$ habit ( m9d1 does n 9 any way detract f its intellectual & moral loa?som5ess4 ,x is idle to sp5d a s+le mom5t 9 advocat+ ! rights ( ! l[] animals1 if su* rights d n include a total & unqualifi$ exemption f ! awful tortures ( vivisection--f ! doom ( be+ sl[ly & m]cilessly dismemb]$1 or flay$1 or bak$ alive1 or infect$ ) "s deadly virus1 or subject$ to any ( ! num]\s modes ( torture inflict$ by ! ,sci5tific ,inquisition4#ci ,let u he>tily endorse ! words ( ,miss ,cobbe on ?is crucial subject3 8,! m9imum ( all possible rights pla9ly is--to be sp>$ ! wor/ ( all possible wrongs2 & if a horse or dog h no claim to be sp>$ f be+ madd5$ & mangl$ aft] ! fa%ion ( ,pa/eur & ,*auveau1 !n x is impossible x c h any "r at all1 or t any (f5ce aga9/ x1 by g5tle or simple1 c des]ve puni%m5t40 ,! ass]tion1 commonly made by ! apologi/s ( ! ,sci5tific ,inquisition1 t vivisection is ju/ifi$ by its utility--t x is1 9 fact1 indisp5sable to ! advance ( k & civilization--is f\nd$ on a m]e half-view ( ! position2 ! sci5ti/1 z ,i h already rem>k$1 is a half-enlight5$ man4 ,let u assume 7a l>ge assumption1 c]ta9ly1 controv]t$ z x is by "s mo/ weighty m$ical te/imony7 t ! progress ( surgical sci5ce is assi/$ by ! exp]im5ts ( ! vivisector4 ,:at !n8 ,be=e ru%+ to ! conclusion t vivisection is ju/ifiable on t acc\nt1 a wise man w take into full consid]ation ! o!r1 ! moral side ( ! "q--! hide\s inju/ice ( tortur+ a s5ti5t animal1 & ! t]rible wrong !reby done to ! humane s5se ( ! community4#dj ,! wise sci5ti/ & ! wise humani/ are id5tical4 ,a true sci5ce _c possibly ignore ! incontrov]tible fact t ! practice ( vivisection is revolt+ to ! human consci5ce1 ev5 among ! ord9>y memb]s ( a n ov]-s5sitive society4 ,! s-call$ 8sci5ce0 :i* ov]looks ?is vital fact1 & conf9es its view to ! mat]ial aspects ( ! problem1 is n sci5ce at all1 b a "o-sid$ ass]tion ( ! views :i* f9d fav\r ) a p>ticul> class ( speciali/s4 ,no?+ is necess>y :i* is abhorr5t1 revolt+1 intol]able1 to ! g5]al in/9cts ( humanity4 ,bett] a ?\s& times t sci5ce %\ld =ego or po/pone ! que/ionable advantage ( c]ta9 problematical discov]ies1 ?an t ! moral consci5ce ( ! community %\ld be unmi/akably outrag$ by ! confusion ( "r & wrong4 ,! %ort cut is n always ! "r pa?2 & to p]petrate a cruel inju/ice to ! l[] animals1 & !n attempt to excuse x on ! gr\nd t x w b5efit po/]ity1 is an argum5t :i* is z irrelevant z x is immoral4 ,+5i\s x may be 79 ! way ( hoodw9k+ ! unw>y7 b x is c]ta9ly 9 no true s5se sci5tific4 ,if !re be "o bright spot1 "o refre%+ oasis1 9 ! discussion ( ?is dre>y subject1 x is ! humor\s recurr5ce ( ! old ?readb>e fallacy ( 8bett] = ! animals !mselves40 ,yes1 ev5 "h1 9 ! laboratory ( ! vivisector1 amid/ ! bak+ & saw+ & dissection1 we are sometimes met by t famili> fri5d--! pr\d plea ( a s+le-he>t$ reg>d = ! int]e/s ( ! suff]+ animals6 ,:o kn[s b :at "s b5efic5t exp]im5tali/1 if only he be p]mitt$ to cut up a suffici5t numb] ( victims1 may discov] "s pot5t rem$y = all ! lam5t$ ills ( ! animal z well z ( ! human creation8 ,c we d\bt t ! victims !mselves1 if once !y c\ld realize ! noble object ( _! m>tyrdom1 w\ld vie ) ea* o!r 9 ru%+ eag]ly on ! knife8 ,! only m>vel is t1 :]e ! cause is s m]itori\s1 no human volunte] has z yet come =w>d to die "u ! h&s ( ! vivisector6#da ,x is fully admitt$ t exp]im5ts on m5 w\ld be f> m valuable & conclusive ?an exp]im5ts on animals2 yet sci5ti/s usually disav[ any wi% to revive ^! practices1 & indignantly d5y ! rum\rs1 occasionally circulat$1 t ! poor] pati5ts 9 hospitals are ! subjects ( su* anatomical curiosity4 ,n[ "h1 x w be obs]v$1 9 ! case ( m51 ! moral aspect ( vivisection is admitt$ by ! sci5ti/ z a matt] ( c\rse1 yet 9 ! case ( animals x is all[$ no weight :atev]6 ,h[ c ?is /range inconsi/5cy be ju/ifi$1 unless on ! assumption t m5 h rights1 b animals h no rights--9 o!r words1 t animals are m]e ?+s1 possess$ ( no claim on ! ju/ice & =be>ance ( ! community8 ,"o ( ! mo/ notable & om9\s features 9 ! apologies (f]$ = vivisection is ! ass]tion1 s commonly made by sci5tific writ]s1 t x is 8no worse0 ?an c]ta9 k9dr$ practices4 ,:5 ! uphold]s ( any accus$ in/itution beg9 to plead t x is 8no worse0 ?an o!r in/itutions1 we may feel q assur$ t ! case is a v bad "o inde$--x is ! dr[n+ man cat*+ at ! la/ /raw & %r$ ( argum5t4 ,?us ! advocates ( exp]im5tal torture are r$uc$ to ! exp$i5t ( lay+ /ress on ! cruelties ( ! but*] & ! h]dsman1 & inquir+ :y1 if pole-ax+ & ca/ration are p]missible1 vivisection may n also be p]mitt$4#db ,sport1 also1 is a practice :i* has greatly %ock$ ! susceptibilities ( ! humane vivisector4 ,a writ] 9 ! 8,=tnightly ,review0 has def9$ sport z 8! love ( ! clev] de/ruction ( liv+ ?+s10 & has calculat$ t ?ree millions ( animals are ye>ly mangl$ by ,engli% sportsm51 9 addition to ^? kill$ outright4#dc ,n[ if ! attack on vivisection emanat$ prim>ily or :olly f ! apologi/s ( ! sportsman & slaught]]1 ?is tu quoque ( ! sci5ti/'s mu/ be all[$ to be a sm>t1 ?\gh r flippant1 retort2 b :5 all cruelty is arraign$ z inhuman & unju/ifiable1 an evasive answ] ( ?is k9d ceases to h any p]t95ce4 ,let u admit1 h[ev]1 t1 9 contra/ ) ! *ildi% brutality ( ! sportsman1 ! und\bt$ s]i\sness & consci5ti\sness ( ! vivisector 7= ,i d n "q t he acts f consci5ti\s motives7 may be c\nt$ to 8 advantage4 ,b !n we h to rememb]1 on ! o!r h&1 t ! consci5ti\s man1 :5 he goes wrong1 is f> m dang]\s to society ?an ! knave or ! fool2 inde$1 ! special horror ( vivisection consi/s precisely 9 ?is fact1 t x is n due to m]e ?\ghtlessness & ignorance1 b repres5ts a delib]ate1 av[$1 consci5ti\s invasion ( ! v pr9ciple ( animals' rights4 ,i h already said t x is idle to speculate :i* is ! wor/ =m ( cruelty to animals1 = c]ta9ly 9 ?is subject1 if any:]e1 we mu/ 8444 reject ! lore ,( nicely calculat$ less or m40 ,vivisection1 if !re be any tru? at all 9 ! pr9ciple = :i* ,i am cont5d+1 is n ! root1 b ! fl[] & consummation ( b>b>ity & inju/ice--! ne plus ultra ( iniquity 9 man's deal+s ) ! l[] races4 ,! root ( ! evil lies1 z ,i h ?r\gh\t ass]t$1 9 t dete/able assumption 7dete/able equally :e!r x be bas$ on pseudo-religi\s or pseudo-sci5tific gr\nds7 t !re is a gulf1 an impassable b>ri]1 betwe5 man & ! animals1 & t ! moral in/9cts ( compassion1 ju/ice1 & love1 are to be z s$ul\sly repress$ & ?w>t$ 9 ! "o direction z !y are to be fo/]$ & ext5d$ 9 ! o!r4 ,= ?is v reason our crusade aga9/ ! ,sci5tific ,inquisition1 to be ?or\gh & successful1 mu/ be f\nd$ on ! rock ( consi/5t opposition to cruelty 9 e =m & phase2 x is useless to d5\nce vivisection z ! s\rce ( all inhumanities1 &1 :ile dem&+ its imm$iate suppression1 to suppose t o!r m9or que/ions may be indef9itely po/pon$4 ,x is true t ! actual emancipation ( ! l[] races1 z ( ! human1 c only proce$ /ep by /ep1 & t x is bo? natural & politic to /rike fir/ at :at is mo/ repulsive to ! public consci5ce4 ,i am n d5y+ ! wisdom ( su* a conc5tration ( ef=t on any p>ticul> po9t1 b w>n+ my read]s aga9/ ! too common t5d5cy to =get ! g5]al pr9ciple t und]lies ea* individual prote/4 ,! _s 9 :i* we approa* ^! matt]s %\ld be a lib]al & f>-see+ "o4 ,^? :o "w = ! abolition ( vivisection1 or any o!r p>ticul> wrong1 %\ld d s ) ! av[$ purpose ( captur+ "o /ronghold ( ! enemy1 n because !y believe t ! w> w !n be ov]1 b because !y w be able to use ! position ?us ga9$ z an advantage\s />t+-po9t = /ill fur!r progression4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,l9es ,,( ,,re=m4 ,hav+ n[ appli$ ! pr9ciple ) :i* we />t$ to ! sev]al cases :]e x appe>s to be mo/ flagrantly ov]look$1 we are 9 a bett] position to e/imate ! difficulties & ! possibilities ( its future acceptance4 ,our inve/igation ( animals' rights has necess>ily be51 9 l>ge measure1 an enum]ation ( animals' wrongs1 a /ory ( cruelty & inju/ice :i* might h be5 unfold$ 9 f> great] & m impressive detail1 _h !re be5 any reason = "h repeat+ :at has be5 else:]e e/abli%$ by o!r writ]s beyond d\bt or dispute4 ,b my ma9 purpose 0 to deal ) a g5]al pr9ciple r ?an ) p>ticul> in/ances2 & en\gh has already be5 said to %[ t1 :ile man has mu* cause to be grateful to ! l[] animals = ! innum]able s]vices r5d]$ by !m1 he c h>dly pride himself on ! record ( ! c\nt]-b5efits :i* !y h receiv$ at 8 h&s4 8,if we consid]10 says ,primatt1 8! excruciat+ injuries (f]$ on our "p to ! brutes1 & ! pati5ce on _! "p2 h[ frequ5t our provocation1 & h[ seldom _! res5tm5t 7& 9 "s cases our weakness & _! /r5g?1 our sl[ness & _! swiftness72 "o w\ld be almo/ tempt$ to suppose t ! brutes _h comb9$ 9 "o g5]al s*eme ( b5evol5ce1 to tea* mank9d lessons ( m]cy & meekness by _! own =be>ance & longsuff]+40 ,x is unwise1 no d\bt1 to dwell too exclusively on ! wrongs ( :i* animals are ! victims2 x is /ill m unwise to ignore !m z !y are to-day ignor$ by ! l>ge majority ( mank9d4 ,x is full "t t ?is "q 7 exam9$ 9 ! light ( "s rational & guid+ pr9ciple1 & t we ceas$ to drift helplessly betwe5 ! extremes ( total indiff]5ce on ! "o h&1 & spasmodic1 p>tially-appli$ compassion on ! o!r4 ,we h _h en\gh1 & too mu*1 ( trifl+ ) ?is or t isolat$ aspect ( ! subject1 & ( play+ (f ! exposure ( somebody else's ins5sibility by way ( a balance = our own1 z if a tu quoque 7 a suffici5t ju/ification ( a man's moral del9qu5cies4 ,! t]rible suff]+s t are q ne$lessly inflict$ on ! l[] animals "u ! plea ( dome/ic usage1 food-dem&s1 sport1 fa%ion1 & sci5ce1 are pat5t to all :o h ! see+ eye & ! feel+ he>t to appreh5d !m2 ^? suff]+s w n be less5$1 nor w man's responsibility be dim9i%$ by any su* irrelevant ass]tions z t vivisection is less cruel ?an sport1 or sport less cruel ?an but*]+1--nor yet by ! contr>y cont5tion t vivisection1 or sport1 or fle%-eat+1 z ! case may be1 is ! prime orig9 ( all human inhumanity4 ,we want a compreh5sive pr9ciple :i* w cov] all ^! v>y+ in/ances1 & det]m9e ! true l9es ( re=m4 ,su* a pr9ciple1 z ,i h ?r\gh\t insi/$1 c only be f\nd 9 ! recognition ( ! "r ( animals1 z ( m51 to be exempt f any unnecess>y suff]+ or s]fdom1 ! "r to live a natural life ( 8re/rict$ fre$om10 subject to ! real1 n suppos$ or pret5d$1 requirem5ts ( ! g5]al community4 ,x may be said1 & ) tru?1 t ! p]il\s vagu5ess ( ! ^w 8necess>y0 mu/ leave a conv5i5t loop-hole ( escape to anyone :o wi%es to ju/ify 8 own treatm5t ( animals1 h[ev] unju/ifiable t treatm5t may appe>2 ! vivisector w ass]t t 8 practice is necess>y 9 ! int]e/s ( sci5ce1 ! fle%-eat] t he _c ma9ta9 8 heal? )\t animal food1 & s on ?r\gh ! :ole category ( sy/ematic oppression4 ,! difficulty is an inevitable "o4 ,no =m ( words c be devis$ = ! expression ( rights1 human or animal1 :i* is n liable to "s sort ( evasion2 & all t c be done is to fix ! responsibility ( decid+ betwe5 :at is necess>y & unnecess>y1 betwe5 factiti\s p]sonal wants & g5u9e social dem&s1 on ^? 9 :om is ve/$ ! p[] ( exact+ ! s]vice or sacrifice requir$4 ,! appeal be+ ?us made1 & ! issue ?us /at$1 x may be confid5tly tru/$ t ! p]sonal consci5ce ( individuals & ! public consci5ce ( ! nation1 act+ & react+ 9 turn on ea* o!r1 w sl[ly & surely "w out ! only possible solution ( ?is difficult & _m-sid$ problem4 ,= t ! difficulties involv$ 9 ?is animal "q are _m & s]i\s1 no "o1 ,i imag9e1 w\ld dispute1 & c]ta9ly no attempt has be5 made 9 ?is essay to m9imize or d5y !m4 ,x may suit ! purpose ( ^? :o w\ld ret>d all humanit>ian progress to repres5t its advocates z m]e dream]s & s5tim5tali/s--m5 & wom5 :o befool !mselves by %utt+ _! eyes to ! fi]ce /ruggle t is ev]y:]e be+ wag$ 9 ! _w ( nature1 :ile !y po9t ) virtu\s indignation to ! iniquities p]petrat$ by man4 ,b x is possible to be q free f any s5tim5tal illusions1 & yet to hold a v firm belief 9 ! pr9ciple ( animals' rights4 ,we d n d5y1 or attempt to expla9 away1 ! exi/5ce ( evil 9 nature1 or ! fact t ! life ( ! l[] races1 z ( mank9d1 is bas$ to a l>ge degree on rap9e & viol5ce2 nor c we pret5d to say :e!r ?is evil w ev] be :olly am5d$4 ,x is !re=e confess$ly impossible1 at ! pres5t "t1 to =mulate an entirely & logically consi/5t philosophy ( rights2 b t w\ld be a poor argum5t aga9/ grappl+ ) ! subject at all4 ,nor are ! h>d unmi/akable facts ( ! situation1 :5 view$ 9 _! entirety1 by any means calculat$ to inspire ) confid5ce ! oppon5ts ( humane re=m4 ,=1 if x be true t int]nec9e competition is a great factor 9 ! economy ( nature1 x is no less true1 z has be5 already po9t$ out1 t co-op]ation is also a great factor !re94 ,fur!rmore1 ?\gh !re are _m difficulties besett+ ! onw>d pa? ( humanit>ianism1 an ev5 great] difficulty has to be fac$ by ^? :o refuse to proce$ along t pa?1 viz41 ! fact--a /rong] fact ?an any t c be produc$ on ! o!r side--t ! in/9ct ( compassion & ju/ice to ! l[] animals has already be5 s l>gely develop$ 9 ! human consci5ce z to obta9 legislative recognition4 ,if ! !ory ( animals' rights is a m]e ideali/ic phantasy1 x foll[s t we h long ago committ$ ourselves to a track :i* c lead u n[hi!r4 ,is x !n propos$ t we %\ld retrace our /eps1 ) a view to rega9+ ! antique position ( savage & consi/5t call\sness2 or are we to rema9 p]petually 9 our pres5t mean+less attitude1 admitt+ ! moral value ( a p>tially awak5$ s5sibility1 yet oppos+ an et]nal non possumus to any fur!r improvem5t8 ,nei!r ( ^! alt]natives is = a mom5t conceivable2 x is p]fectly c]ta9 t !re w /ill be a =w>d movem5t1 & along ! same l9es z 9 ! pa/4 ,nor ne$ we be at all disconc]t$ by ! d]isive inquiries ( our antagoni/s z to ! f9al outcome ( su* !ories4 8,!re is "s reason to hope10 said ! au?or ( ! ironical 8,v9dication ( ! ,rights ( ,brutes10 8t ?is essay w soon be foll[$ by treatises on ! rights ( vegetables & m9]als1 & t ?us ! doctr9e ( p]fect equality w become univ]sal40 ,to :i* sugge/ion we ne$ only answ]1 8,p]haps40 ,x is = ea* age to initiate its own e?ical re=ms1 accord+ to ! light & s5sibility ( its own in/9cts2 fur!r & m ab/ruse que/ions1 at pres5t insoluble1 may safely be left to ! m mature judgm5t ( po/]ity4 ,! human consci5ce furni%es ! safe/ & simple/ indicator 9 ^! matt]s4 ,we "k t c]ta9 acts ( inju/ice affect u z !y did n affect our =efa!rs--x is our duty to set ^! "r4 ,x is n our duty to agitate problems1 :i*1 at ! pres5t date1 excite no unmi/akable moral feel+4 ,! humane in/9ct w assur$ly cont9ue to develop4 ,& x %\ld be obs]v$ t to advocate ! rights ( animals is f> m ?an to plead = compassion or ju/ice t[>ds ! victims ( ill-usage2 x is n only1 & n prim>ily1 = ! sake ( ! victims t we plead1 b = ! sake ( mank9d itself4 ,our true civilization1 our race-progress1 our humanity 79 ! be/ s5se ( ! t]m7 are conc]n$ 9 ?is developm5t2 x is ourselves1 our own vital in/9cts1 t we wrong1 :5 we trample on ! rights ( ! fell[-be+s1 human or non-human1 ov] :om we *ance to hold jurisdiction4 ,?is mo/ important po9t is con/antly ov]look$ by ! oppon5ts ( humanit>ian re=m4 ,!y lab\r1 unsuccessfully en\gh1 to m9imize ! compla9ts ( animals' wrongs1 on ! plea t ^! wrongs1 ?\gh great1 are n s great z !y are repres5t$ to be1 & t 9 any case x is n possible1 or n urg5tly desirable1 = man to alleviate !m4 ,z if human int]e/s also 7 n intimately b\nd up 9 e su* compassionate endeav\r6 ,& ?is br+s u back to ! moral ( ! :ole matt]4 ,! idea ( ,humanity is no long] conf9$ to man2 x is beg9n+ to ext5d itself to ! l[] animals1 z 9 ! pa/ x has be5 gradually ext5d$ to savages & slaves4 8,behold ! animals4 ,!re is n "o b ! human s\l lurks )9 x1 fulfill+ its de/9y z surely z )9 y40 ,s writes ! au?or ( 8,t[>ds ,democracy02 & :at has long be5 felt by ! poet is n[ be+ sci5tifically corroborat$ by ! an?ropologi/ & philosoph]4 8,! /&po9t ( mod]n ?\ght10 says ,b*n]1#dd 8no long] recognizes 9 animals a diff]5ce ( k9d1 b only a diff]5ce ( degree1 & sees ! pr9ciple ( intellig5ce develop+ ?r\gh an endless & unbrok5 s]ies40 ,x is notewor?y t1 on ?is po9t1 evolution>y sci5ce f9ds itself 9 agreem5t ) ori5tal tradition4 8,! doctr9e ( metempsy*osis10 says ,/rauss1#de 8knits m5 & bea/s toge!r "h 9 ! ,ea/1 & unites ! :ole ( ,nature 9 "o sacr$ & my/]i\s bond4 ,! brea* betwe5 ! two 0 op5$ 9 ! fir/ place by ,judaism1 ) its hatr$ ( ! ,gods ( ,nature1 next by ! dualism ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,x is rem>kable t at pres5t a deep] sympa?y ) ! animal _w %\ld h aris5 among ! m civiliz$ nations1 :i* manife/s itself "h & !re 9 societies = ! prev5tion ( cruelty to animals4 ,x is ?us app>5t t :at on ! "o h& is ! product ( mod]n sci5ce--! giv+ up ( ! spirituali/ic isolation ( man f ,nature--reveals itself simultane\sly ?r\gh ! *annel ( popul> s5tim5t40 ,! true sci5ti/ & humani/ is he :o w reconcile bra9 to he>t1 & %[ u h[1 )\t any sacrifice ( :at we h ga9$ 9 k1 we may resume :at we h tempor>ily lo/ dur+ ! process ( acquir+ t k--! sur5ess ( intuitive faculty :i* is orig9ally implant$ 9 m5 & animals alike4 ,only by ?is return to ! common f\nt ( feel+ w x be possible = man to place himself 9 "r relation%ip t[>ds ! l[] animals1 & to break d[n ! fatal b>ri] ( antipa?y t he has himself erect$4#df ,if we contra/ ! m5tal & moral attitude ( ! g5]ality ( mank9d t[>ds ! l[] races ) t ( su* m5 z ,/4 ,francis or ,?oreau1 we see :at f>-rea*+ possibilities /ill lie be=e u on ?is l9e ( developm5t4 ,a n altoge!r unju/ifiable compla9t is made aga9/ 8lov]s ( animals10 t !y are (t5 indiff]5t to ! /ruggle = human rights1 :ile !y conc]n !mselves s eag]ly ov] ! int]e/s ( ! l[] races4 ,equally true is ! conv]se /atem5t1 t _m e>ne/ re=m]s & philan?ropi/s1 m5 :o h a g5u9e passion = human lib]ty & progress1 are coldly sceptical or ev5 bitt]ly ho/ile on ! subject ( ! rights ( animals4 ,?is organic limitation ( sympa?ies mu/ be recogniz$ & regrett$1 b x is worse ?an useless = ! "o class ( re=m]s to indulge 9 blame or recrim9ation aga9/ ! o!r4 ,x is c]ta9 t !y are bo? work+ t[>ds ! same ultimate end2 & if !y _c actually co-op]ate1 !y may at lea/ refra9 f unnecess>ily ?w>t+ & oppos+ ea* o!r4 ,! pr9ciples ( ju/ice1 if !y are to make solid & p]man5t headway1 mu/ be appli$ ) ?or\ghness & consi/5cy4 ,if !re are rights ( animals1 !re mu/ =tiori be rights ( m52 &1 z ,i h %[n1 x is impossible to ma9ta9 t an admission ( human rights does n involve an admission ( animals' rights also4 ,n[ x may n always fall to ! lot ( ! same p]sons to advocate bo? k9ds ( rights1 b ^! rights are1 nev]!less1 be+ simultane\sly & concurr5tly advocat$2 & ^? :o are 9 a position to take a cle> & wide survey ( ! :ole humanit>ian movem5t are aw>e t its f9al success is dep5d5t on ?is broad onw>d t5d5cy4 ,! adv5t ( democracy1 imp]fect ?\gh any democracy mu/ be :i* does n embrace all s5ti5t be+s )9 its scope1 w be ( enorm\s assi/ance to ! cause ( animals' rights1 = "u ! pres5t unequal & inequitable social sy/em !re is no possibility ( ^? claims receiv+ _! due %>e ( att5tion4 ,9 ! ru% & hurry ( a competitive society1 :]e comm]cial pr(it is av[$ to be ! ma9 object ( "w1 & :]e ! well-be+ ( m5 & wom5 is ru?lessly sacrific$ to t object1 :at likelihood is !re t ! l[] animals w n be us$ ) a sole reg>d to ! same pr$om9ant purpose8 ,humane individuals may "h & !re prote/1 & ! gr[+ consci5ce ( ! public may express itself 9 legislation aga9/ ! wor/ =ms ( palpable ill-usage1 b ! bulk ( ! p simply _c1 & w n1 treat animals z !y ought to be treat$4 ,d ! weal?y classes %[ any su* consid]ation8 ,let 8amateur but*]y0 & 8murd]\s mill9]y0 be ! answ]4 ,c x be wond]$1 !n1 t ! 8l[] classes10 ^: own rights are exi/5t f> m 9 !ory ?an 9 fact1 %\ld exhibit a feel+ ( /olid indiff]5ce to ! rights ( ! /ill l[] animals8 ,x is to democracy1 & ! democratic s5se ( k9%ip & bro!rhood1 ext5d+ fir/ to mank9d1 & !n to ! l[] races1 t we mu/ look = future progress4 ,! emancipation ( m5 w br+ ) x ano!r & /ill wid] emancipation--( animals4#dg ,9 conclusion1 we are br\ght face to face ) ?is practical problem--by :at means c we be/ provide = ! atta9m5t ( ! end we h 9 view8 ,:at are ! sure/ rem$ies = ! pres5t wrongs1 & ! sure/ pl$ges = ! future rights1 ( ! victims ( human tyranny8 ,!re are two pre-em95tly important me?ods1 :i* are sometimes reg>d$ z contradictory 9 pr9ciple1 b :i*1 z ,i hope to %[1 are n only q compatible1 b ev5 mutually s]viceable & to "s degree int]-dep5d5t4 ,we h no *oice b to "w by "o or ! o!r ( ^! me?ods1 &1 if we are wise1 we %all endeav\r to "w by bo? simultane\sly1 us+ ! fir/ z our *ief in/rum5t ( re=m1 ! second z an auxili>y4 ,i4 ,education1 9 ! l>ge/ s5se ( ! t]m1 has always be51 & mu/ always rema91 ! indisp5sable condition ( humanit>ian progress4 ,v excell5t are ! words ( ,john ,bright on ! subject3 8,humanity to animals is a great po9t4 ,if ,i 7 a tea*] 9 a s*ool1 ,i w\ld make x a v important "p ( my bus9ess to impress e boy & girl ) ! duty ( 8 or h] be+ k9d to all animals4 ,x is impossible to say h[ mu* suff]+ !re is 9 ! _w f ! b>b>ity or unk9dness :i* p %[ to :at we call ! inf]ior creatures40 ,x may be d\bt$1 h[ev]1 :e!r ! "y w ev] be specially impress$ ) ! lesson ( humanity z long z ! g5]al tone ( _! eld]s & in/ructors is "o ( cynical indiff]5ce1 if n ( absolute ho/ility1 to ! recognition ( animals' rights4#dh ,x is society z a :ole1 & n "o class 9 p>ticul>1 t ne$s enlight5m5t & remon/rance2 9 fact1 ! v conception & scope ( :at is kn[n z a 8lib]al education0 mu/ be revolutioniz$ & ext5d$4 ,= if we f9d fault ) ! n>r[ & unsci5tific _s ( :at is kn[n z 8sci5ce10 we mu/ 9 fairness admit t our academic 8humanities10 ! lit] humaniores ( colleges & s*ools1 toge!r ) mu* ( our mod]n culture & ref9em5t1 are sc>cely less defici5t 9 ! _s ( sympa?y & bro!rhood4 ,?is divorce ( 8humanism0 f human5ess is "o ( ! subtle/ dang]s by :i* society is beset2 =1 if we grant t love ne$s to be temp]$ & direct$ by wisdom1 /ill m ne$ful is x t wisdom %\ld be in=m$ & vitaliz$ by love4 ,x is !re=e n only our *ildr5 :o ne$ to be educat$ 9 ! prop] treatm5t ( animals1 b our sci5ti/s1 our religioni/s1 our morali/s1 & our m5 ( lett]s4 ,=1 9 spite ( ! great progress ( humanit>ian ideas dur+ ! pa/ c5tury1 x mu/ be confess$ t ! popul> expon5ts ( we/]n ?\ght are /ill = ! mo/ "p q unable to appreciate ! pr(\nd tru? ( ^? words ( ,r\sseau1 :i* %\ld =m ! basis ( an enlight5$ sy/em ( in/ruction3 8,hommes1 soyez huma9s6 ,c'e/ votre premi] devoir4 ,quelle sagesse y a-t-il p\r v\s1 hors de l'humanit80 ,b h[ is ?is va/ educational *ange to be inaugurat$8 ,l all f>-rea*+ re=ms :i* are promot$ by a few believ]s 9 ! face ( ! public indiff]5ce1 x c only be c>ri$ ?r\gh by ! en]gy & resolution ( its support]s4 ,! ef=ts :i* ! v>i\s humane societies are n[ mak+ 9 special directions1 ea* conc5trat+ its attack on a p>ticul> abuse1 mu/ be supplem5t$ & /r5g!n$ by a crusade--an intellectual1 lit]>y1 & social crusade--aga9/ ! c5tral cause ( oppression1 viz43 ! disreg>d ( ! natural k9%ip betwe5 man & ! animals1 & ! consequ5t d5ial ( _! rights4 ,we mu/ insi/ on hav+ ! :ole "q fully consid]$ & c&idly discuss$1 & mu/ no long] p]mit its mo/ important issues to be %irk$ because x does n suit ! conv5i5ce or ! prejudices ( com=table folk to give att5tion to !m4 ,above all1 ! s5se ( ridicule t at pres5t atta*es to ! suppos$ 8s5tim5talism0 ( an advocacy ( animals' rights mu/ be fac$ & swept away4 ,! fe> ( ?is absurd *>ge deprives ! cause ( humanity ( _m work]s :o w\ld o!rwise l5d _! aid1 & acc\nts 9 "p = ! unduly diffid5t & apologetic tone :i* is too (t5 adopt$ by humanit>ians4 ,we mu/ meet ?is ridicule1 & retort x )\t hesitation on ^? to :om x prop]ly p]ta9s4 ,! laugh mu/ be turn$ aga9/ ! true 8cranks0 & 8crot*et-mong]s0--! noodles :o c give no wis] reason = ! infliction ( suff]+ on animals ?an t x is 8bett] = ! animals !mselves0--! fle%-eat]s :o lab\r "u ! pi\s belief t animals 7 8s5t0 to u z food--! silly wom5 :o imag9e t ! corpse ( a bird is a becom+ article ( head-ge>--! half-witt$ sportsm5 :o v[ t ! vig\r ( ! ,engli% race is dep5d5t on ! practice ( fox-hunt+--& ! half-enlight5$ sci5ti/s :o are unaw>e t vivisection has moral & spiritual1 no less ?an physical1 consequ5ces4 ,t _m ( our argum5ts are m]e sup]ficial sword-play1 & d n t\* ! pr(\nd emotional sympa?ies on :i* ! cause ( humanity re/s1 is a fact :i* does n less5 _! controv]sial significance4 ,= ?is is a case :]e ^? :o take ! sword %all p]i% by ! sword2 & ! clev] m5-(-!-_w :o twit consi/5t humanit>ians ) s5tim5tality may p]haps discov] t !y !mselves--fix$ z !y are 9 an ambigu\s & utt]ly unt5able position--are ! sicklie/ s5tim5tali/s ( all4 ,,ii4 ,legislation1 :]e ! protection ( h>mless animals is conc]n$1 is ! fit supplem5t & sequel to education1 & ! objections urg$ aga9/ x are = ! mo/ "p unreasonable4 ,x mu/ inevitably fail 9 its purpose1 say "s2 = h[ c ! m]e pass+ ( a p5al /atute prev5t ! innum]able unwitness$ acts ( cruelty & oppression :i* make up ! great total ( animal suff]+8 ,b ! purpose ( legislation is n m]ely ?us prev5tive4 ,legislation is ! record1 ! regi/]1 ( ! moral s5se ( ! community2 x foll[s1 n prec$es1 ! developm5t ( t moral s5se1 b nev]!less 9 its turn reacts on x1 /r5g!ns x1 & secures x aga9/ ! dang] ( retrocession4 ,x is well t society %\ld proclaim1 =mally & decisively1 its abhorr5ce ( c]ta9 practices2 & ,i d n ?9k x c be d\bt$1 by ^? :o h /udi$ ! hi/ory ( ! movem5t1 t ! g5]al treatm5t ( dome/ic animals 9 ?is c\ntry1 bad z x /ill is1 w\ld be inf9itely worse at ?is day b = ! legislation t dates f ! pass+ ( 8,m>t9's ,act0 9 #ahbb4 ,! fur!r argum5t s commonly advanc$1 t 8=ce is no rem$y10 & t x is bett] to tru/ to ! good feel+ ( mank9d ?an to impose a legal re/riction1 is an amiable criticism :i* might d\btless be appli$ ) great effect to a l>ge majority ( our exi/+ p5al enactm5ts1 b x is n v applicable to ! case "u discussion4 ,= if =ce is ev] all[able1 surely x is s :5 x is appli$ = a /rictly def5sive purpose1 su* z to safegu>d ! weak & helpless f viol5ce4 ,! protection ( animals by /atute m>ks b ano!r /ep onw>d 9 t c\rse ( humanit>ian legislation :i*1 among num]\s triumphs1 has aboli%$ slav]y & pass$ ! ,factory ,acts--always 9 ! tee? ( ?is same "t-hon\r$ objection t 8=ce is no rem$y40 ,equally fatu\s is ! ass]tion t ! adm9i/rators ( ! law _c be tru/$ to adjudicate betwe5 ma/] & 8bea/40 ,x 0 long ago /at$ by ,"l ,ersk9e t 8to di/+ui% ! sev]e/ discipl9e1 = en=c+ activity & comm&+ ob$i5ce 9 su* dep5d5ts1 f brutal f]ocity & cruelty1 nev] yet puzzl$ a judge or jury--nev]1 at lea/1 9 my long exp]i5ce40 ,su* argum5ts aga9/ ! legal protection ( animals 7 admirably refut$ by ,john ,/u>t ,mill3 8,! reason = legal int]v5tion 9 fav\r ( *ildr5 apply n less /rongly to ! case ( ^? un=tunate slaves & victims ( ! mo/ brutal "p ( mank9d1 ! l[] animals4 ,x is by ! grosse/ misund]/&+ ( ! pr9ciples ( ,lib]ty t ! infliction ( exempl>y puni%m5t on ruffianism practis$ t[>ds ^! def5celess be+s has be5 treat$ z a m$dl+ by ,gov]nm5t ) ?+s beyond its prov9ce--an int]f]5ce ) dome/ic life4 ,! dome/ic life ( dome/ic tyrants is "o ( ! ?+s :i* x is mo/ imp]ative on ! ,law to int]f]e )4 ,& x is to be regrett$ t metaphysical scruples respect+ ! nature & s\rce ( ! au?ority ( gov]nm5ts %\ld induce _m w>m support]s ( laws aga9/ cruelty to ! l[] animals to seek = ju/ification ( su* laws 9 ! incid5tal consequ5ces ( ! indulg5ce ( f]oci\s habits to ! int]e/ ( human be+s1 r ?an 9 ! intr9sic m]its ( ! ?+ itself4 ,:at x w\ld be ! duty ( a human be+1 possess$ ( ! requisite physical /r5g?1 to prev5t by =ce1 if attempt$ 9 8 pres5ce1 x _c be less incumb5t on society g5]ally to repress4 ,! exi/+ laws ( ,engl& are *iefly defective 9 ! trifl+--(t5 almo/ nom9al--maximum to :i* ! p5alty1 ev5 9 ! wor/ cases1 is limit$40#di ,only ) ! gradual progress ( an enlight5$ s5se ( equality %all we rem$y ^! wrongs2 & ! object ( our crusade %\ld be n s mu* to conv]t oppon5ts 7:o1 by ! v disabilities & limitations ( _! faculties1 c nev] be really conv]t$17 z to set ! confus$ problem 9 a cle> light1 & at lea/ discrim9ate unmi/akably betwe5 our enemies & our allies4 ,9 all social controv]sies ! issues are greatly obscur$ by ! babel ( names & phrases & cross argum5ts t are b&i$ to & fro2 s t _m p]sons1 :o by natural sympa?y & incl9ation are ! fri5ds ( re=m1 are f\nd to be rank$ among its foes2 :ile n a few ( its foes1 9 simil> unconsci\sness1 h /ray$ into ! opposite camp4 ,to /ate ! issues di/9ctly1 & s attract & consolidate a g5u9e body ( support1 is1 p]haps1 at ! pres5t "t1 ! be/ s]vice t humanit>ians c r5d] to ! movem5t !y wi% to promote4 ,9 conclusion1 ,i w\ld /ate emphatically t ?is essay is n an appeal ad mis]icordiam to ^? :o !mselves practise1 or :o condone 9 o!rs1 ! de$s aga9/ :i* a prote/ is "h rais$4 ,x is n a plea = 8m]cy0 7save ! m>k67 to ! 8brute-bea/s0 ^: sole crim9ality consi/s 9 n belong+ to ! noble family ( homo sapi5s4 ,x is address$ r to ^? :o see & feel t1 z has be5 well said1 8! great advancem5t ( ! _w1 ?r\gh\t all ages1 is to be measur$ by ! increase ( humanity & ! decrease ( cruelty0--t man1 to be truly man1 mu/ cease to abnegate 8 common fell[%ip ) all liv+ nature--& t ! com+ realization ( human rights w inevitably br+ aft] x ! t>di] b n less c]ta9 realization ( ! rights ( ! l[] races4 ,,app5dix ,i ,,! ,,t]m 8,,rights0#ej ,x 0 argu$ by ,mr4 ,d4 ,g4 ,rit*ie1 9 8 book on 8,natural ,rights10 t ?\gh 8we may be said to h duties ( k9dness t[>ds ! animals10 x is 8incorrect to repres5t ^! z /rictly duties t[>ds ! animals !mselves1 z if !y _h rights aga9/ u40 7,! italics are ,mr4 ,rit*ie's47 ,i take ?is to mean t1 9 man's 8duty ( k9dness10 x is ! 8k9dness0 only t has ref]5ce to animals1 ! 8duty0 be+ altoge!r ! private affair ( ! man4 ,! k9dness is1 s to speak1 ! wat]1 & ! duty is ! tap2 & ! conv5i5ce ( ?is arrangem5t is t ! man c %ut (f ! k9dness :5ev] x suits him to d s2 z1 = example1 x suit$ ,mr4 ,rit*ie 9 reg>d to ! "q ( vivisection4 ,x is /range t e?ical au?orities %\ld ?us hold1 z ,ca?olic !ologians d1 t we owe no direct duties to animals1 & t animals n be+ 8p]sons0 h1 /rictly speak+1 no rights4 ,inde$1 s ent]ta9+ did ! v idea ( ! 8p]sonality0 ( animals appe> to ,mr4 ,rit*ie t he wax$ humor\s 9 8 desire to "k :e!r a sponge is a 8p]son0 or 8sev]al p]sons10 & :e!r ! p>asites on a dog are to be respect$ z 8p]sons10 & s =?4 ,on ! o!r side1 ! humanit>ian cont5tion is q cle>--t !re is no diff]5ce 9 k9d betwe5 man & ! o!r animals1 nor any w>rant 9 sci5ce or e?ics = draw+ betwe5 !m1 z betwe5 8p]sons0 & 8?+s10 an absolute l9e ( dem>cation4 ,compell$ to admit t ! diff]5ce is only "o ( degree1 ,mr4 ,rit*ie s\ght to evade ! significance ( ?is fact by argu+ t x does n foll[ t1 if m5 h rights1 animals also h rights 89 ! same s5se ( ! t]m40 ,i ma9ta9 t x does s foll[4 ,if by ! recognition ( rights we mean t man1 z a s5ti5t & intellig5t be+1 %\ld be exempt f all avoidable suff]+1 x foll[s t o!r be+s :o are also s5ti5t & intellig5t1 ?\gh 9 a l[] degree1 %\ld h1 9 a l[] degree1 ! same exemption4 ,?is pr9ciple1 if press$ to its extreme logical conclusion1 w ( c\rse lead1 l all o!r pr9ciples1 to :at ,mr4 ,rit*ie call$ 8difficult que/ions ( casui/ry10 & w op5 a door = small jokes ab\t ! p]sonality ( p>asites & sponges4 ,!n1 aga91 x is too (t5 ov]look$ t ! rights claim$ = animals1 z = m51 are n absolute b conditional 78?is re/rict$ fre$om0 is ,h]b]t ,sp5c]'s expression71 & t a recognition ( ! rights ( o!r be+s is n incompatible ) an equal ass]tion ( "o's own4 ,self-def5ce is ! fir/ & mo/ obvi\s "r ( ev]yone4 ,if1 = in/ance1 we hold t a tig] has a "r to be sp>$ any unnecess>y torture1 are we compell$ on t acc\nt to all[ him to eat u if he comes out ( 8 cage8 ,& h[ w\ld our %oot+ ! tig]1 "u ^? unt[>d circum/ances1 prove t ! tig] is n a 8p]son10 inasmu* z murd]]s & human tig]s1 are simil>ly treat$ "u simil> conditions8 ,?is 8tig]0 argum5t1 to :i* ,pr(essor ,rit*ie 0 mu* addict$1 is really v small game4 #ahie4 ,,ii ,,! ,,neo-,,c>tesians#ea ,attempts are /ill made1 f "t to "t1 to revive ! old ,c>tesian doctr9e t animals d n feel pa94 ,?us ,mr4 ,e4 ,kay ,rob9son1 9 a book entitl$ 8,! ,religion ( ,nature0 7#aijf7 has s\ght to br+ peace & com=t to ! m9ds ( 8 read]s1 & to reconcile ! seem+ cruelties ( ,nature ) ! exi/5ce ( a m]ciful ,god1 by prov+ t ! non-human races1 unlike mank9d1 h no consci\sness ( suff]+1 ev5 :5 !y exhibit all ! symptoms ( pa9 & %[ a dread ( its recurr5ce4 ,?is is no?+ b ! anci5t doctr9e ( ,desc>tes 9 a new g>b1 & is itself ! outcome ( ! old an?ropoc5tric view ( ! _w4 ,on ! practical results t w\ld foll[ ! g5]al acceptance ( ,mr4 ,rob9son's !ories x is h>dly wor? :ile to speculate4 ,he himself is at pa9s to sugge/ t :ile ! ,c>tesian doctr9e und\bt$ly l$ to cruelty 9 ! pa/1 ! mod]n ,rob9sonian v]sion ( x w\ld h ! opposite effect4 ,i greatly d\bt x4 ,= to :atev] ext5t x is true t animals are unconsci\s ( pa91 to ! same ext5t x mu/ be true t !re is no 8cruelty0 79 ! true s5se ( ! t]m7 9 8pa9+0 !m4 ,an enlight5$ man1 no d\bt1 w avoid any tyrannical int]f]5ce ) ! lives ( o!r be+s1 :e!r !y are consci\s or n1 b ! majority ( m5 are n enlight5$1 nor 9 any hurry to become s2 we are liv+1 9 fact1 9 an age ( v gross & palpable savag]y1 out ( :i* no?+ c lift u b ! gr[+ s5se ( k9%ip4 ,mr4 ,rob9son's book is "o ( ! late/ attempts--&1 9 "s respects1 ! feeble/--to impair 9 a v important respect ?is s5se ( close k9%ip betwe5 ! human & ! non-human1 & = t reason ,i reg>d x z v mis*iev\s 9 its t5d5cy4 ,z a fair in/ance ( ,mr4 ,rob9son's logic1 let u take 8 triumphant citation ( ! fact t ev5 a human be+1 :5 engag$ 9 "s desp]ate & pa9ful /ruggle1 is (t5 consci\s1 = ! mom5t1 ( nei!r fe> nor pa94 ,f ?is ,mr4 ,rob9son quietly assumes t animals are always ?us unconsci\s1 because 7a7 "s ( _! actions & emotions are s1 & 7b7 8we h no "r to suppose t "o action or emotion ( an animal is m consci\s ?an ano!r40 ,b1 on ! contr>y1 we h e "r to suppose t consci\sness v>ies 9 animals1 z 9 m51 z may be ga!r$ f ! indiff]5ce :i* two fight+ dogs w %[ to ! bl[s ra9$ ^u !m by _! own]s1 ?\gh at a mom5t ( less excitem5t ! same bl[s w\ld elicit ! mo/ obvi\s signs ( pa94 ,! crux ( ! :ole problem lies "h--9 ! mean+ ( ! ge/ures by :i* animals appe> to indicate t1 l human be+s1 !y are consci\s ( _! v>i\s emotions1 & x is by 8 *apt] on 8,actions ( ,animals ,expla9$0 t ,mr4 ,rob9son's treatise mu/ be judg$4 ,humanit>ians entirely reject 8 dogmatic ass]tion 7to take a typical example7 t 8a dog's exhibition ( di/ress :5 sep>at$ f its ma/] & mi/ress is only ! work+ ( ! /rong in/9ct ( ! greg>i\s1 hunt+ animal1 ne$+ ! prim>y factor ( 8 life1 namely1 a lead] to foll[40 ,n a p>ticle ( real pro( c be giv5 9 support ( su* /atem5ts1 & x is ^u f\ndations ( ?is k9d t ! 8,religion ( ,nature0 is built4 ,& "h !re come to m9d ^? tr5*ant words ( ,mr4 ,cunn+hame ,graham1 :i* exactly describe ! tone & me?od ( ,mr4 ,rob9son's argum5t3 8,in/9ct & reason2 ! hypo!tical diff]5ce :i* good weak m5 use z an an/hetic1 :5 _! consci5ce pricks !m = _! s9s ( omission & commission to _! f\r-foot$ bre?r54 ,b a di/9ction :olly )\t a diff]5ce1 & a l9k 9 ! long *a9 ( fraud & =ce ) :i* we b9d all liv+ ?+s1 m51 animals1 & mo/ ( our reason+ selves1 9 "o crass neutral-t9t$ slav]y40 ,,iii ,,motor ,,v]sus ,,horse#eb 8,aft] _m c5turies ( usefulness10 s x is said1 8! horse is ab\t to be retir$ f active s]vice z an ag5t 9 locomotion40 ,electricity1 petrol1 & cable tramc>s are to be ! *ief factors 9 ?is *ange1 :i* w replace horsep[] by ! great] en]gies ( me*anical inv5tion1 & w make x possible to ride a hundr$ miles 8= ab\t a %ill+40 ,look+ at ! matt] z humanit>ians we are he>tily pleas$ at ! prospect4 ,to be sure1 x is n v cr$itable to ! good feel+s ( mank9d t1 8aft] _m c5turies ( usefulness10 ! horse %\ld be 8retir$10 n because we are a%am$ ( ! ill-usage he has receiv$1 b because we h discov]$ a *eap] me?od ( traction2 nor is x pleasant to reflect on ! c\ntless myriads ( undes]v$ bl[s & curses t h desc5d$ on our fai?ful fri5d & help] dur+ ! p]iod ( 8 s]vice4 ,b lett+ t pass1 z "o ( ! _m blots ) :i* ! pages ( hi/ory are disfigur$1 we rejoice to ?9k t ! wret*$ sy/em ( horse-traction is p]haps draw+ to a close1 & we tru/ t ! pres5t c5tury w see x legally prohibit$ 9 ,engl&1 z dog-traction has already be54 ,no d\bt we %all he> a lot ( s5tim5tal talk ab\t ! picturesque beauty ( ! horse1 ! ugl9ess ( ma*9]y1 & s =?2 b we %all "k :at to reply to su* 8/hetic0 argum5ts1 ) ! exp]i5ce be=e u 7or1 let u hope1 beh9d u7 ( ! hackney-cab1 ! tramc>1 & ! tradesman's c>t & wagon4 ,! usage ( ! horse1 9 our s-call$ civilization1 has rea*$ a pit* ( sordid de=mity :i*1 ev5 if reg>d$ solely f ! po9t ( view ( ! arti/1 makes x impossible to advance any valid argum5t aga9/ ! motor-c>4 ,h[ev] unromantic su* me*anical conveyance may be1 x w at lea/ save u f ! unseemly sights t h outrag$ e s5se ( beauty1 dec5cy & human5ess4 ,! motor w n be recklessly ov]load$2 x w n be curs$1 & ?ra%$1 & wr5*$ out ( its natural %ape by way ( an outlet = ! savage temp] ( its driv]2 = curi\sly en\gh1 ! lifeless ma*9e w be treat$ ) f> m respect1 & 9 a f> m rational _s1 ?an ! liv+ animal1 & ! conductor :o %\ld ill-use a c>1 z horses are n[ ill-us$1 w\ld be promptly convey$ to ! ne>e/ police-cell or lunatic-asylum4 ,b :at1 x may be ask$1 is to become ( ! horse himself1 9 ! new age ( ma*9]y8 ,is 8retirem5t10 9 8 case1 to be ! same ?+ z ext9ction8 ,we d n "k2 b we "k ?is--t1 9 ! case ( our 8bea/s ( burd510 m]ciful ext9ction is a pref]able fate to :at is humor\sly call$ 8pres]vation40 ,c5turies h5ce1 p]haps1 "s le>n$ antiqu>ian w recon/ruct1 f su* anatomical data z may be available1 ! gaunt1 mis%ap51 pitiable figure ( ! ,london cab-horse1 & a m humane & enlight5$ po/]ity w %udd] at ! sight ( :at we /ill reg>d z a legitimate 8ag5t 9 locomotion40 ,f ,! ,humanit>ian4 #ahif4 ,,iv ,,zoological ,,g>d5s4#ec ,"s fifty or sixty ye>s ago ! poet1 ,james ,?omson 78,b4,v4071 wrote z foll[s 9 8 j\rnal3-- 8,x be+ a v wet ,sunday1 ,i _h to keep 91 & pac$ mu*1 prison]-l1 to & fro my room4 ,?is rem9d$ me ( ! wild bea/s at ,reg5t's ,p>k1 & especially ( ! great wild birds1 ! vultures & eagles4 ,h[ !y mu/ suff]6 ,h[ long w x be ere ! ?\ght ( su* agonies becomes intol]able to ! public consci5ce1 & wild creatures be left at lib]ty :5 !y ne$ n be kill$4 ,?ree or f\r c5turies1 p]haps40 ,?is gloomy progno/ication h>dly seems likely to be fulfill$1 = !re has lately be5 a great awak5+ ( ! consci5ce1 if n ( ! g5]al public1 at lea/ ( ! human] section ( x1 & mu* improvem5t 9 ! condition ( ! wild animals 9 ! 8,zoo0 has n[ be5 effect$4 ,ev] s9ce its e/abli%m5t 9 #ahia ! ,humanit>ian ,league has be5 draw+ att5tion to ! cruelty ( cellul> imprisonm5t = animals z = m51 & x is !re=e ) legitimate satisfaction t humanit>ians note ! introduction ( a re=m :i* !y 7 ! fir/ to advocate4 ,"h1 = example1 is an extract f a pamphlet :i* ,i wrote = ! ,league 9 #ahie1 "u ! title ( 8,a ,zoophili/ at ! ,zoo03-- 8#8,*ri/ianos ad leones' 0 ! cry ( ! hea!n p]secutors 9 ages long pa/1 :5 ! ,*ri/ian m>tyrs 7 flung to ! lions 9 ! ,roman amphi!atre4 ,"t has n[ _h 8 rev5ges2 b we d n "k t ! new v]sion ( #8,*ri/ianos ad leones1' z daily exemplifi$ 9 ! /ream ( visitors to ! lion-h\ses at ! ,zoo1 is altoge!r edify+4 ,inde$1 x has sometimes occurr$ to u1 :5 mus+ on t /range m$ley ( ?\ghtless sight-se]s1 :o d]ive an unacc\ntable pleasure f />+ at ! wret*$ life-prison]s 9 our great animal convict-/ation1 t ! infra-human is n always conf9$ to ! inn] side ( ! b>s1 & t !re 0 "s =ce 9 ,?oreau's epigram t ,god made man #8a little l[] ?an ! animals4' ,well1 we mu/ hope = bett] ?+s 9 ! future4 ,less ?an a c5tury ago x 0 ! fa%ion to cage paup] lunatics :]e pass]s-by c\ld see !m2 & b5evol5t nurses1 :5 incl9$ to give a treat to ! *ildr5 9 _! *>ge1 w\ld pleasantly take !m to h a peep at ! fr5zi$ rav+s ( ! maniacs4 ,we m>vel n[ to he> ( su* inhumanity1 b x may be t a future g5]ation w equally m>vel to he> t ! sight ( cag$ animals--^? m>tyrs ( ,*ri/ian civilization--c\ld give any satisfaction to ! *ildr51 & ! gr[n-up *ildr5 to :om a 8,zoo0 is a ,p>adise4 8,x all dep5ds on h[ we look at ^! ?+s4 ,at pres5t m5ag]ies are simply "p ( ! :ole sy/em :i* reg>ds ! l[] animals z m]e goods & *attels1 creat$ = ! use & amusem5t ( mank9d1 )\t any def9ite claim1 9 return1 to a free & heal?y exi/5ce4 ,! animals are no m ?an subjects = ! museum or m5ag]ie1 ! laboratory or dissect+-room4 ,does a r>e bird alight on our %ores8 ,our object is to knock x d[n fir/1 &1 z ! taxid]mi/s say1 #8set x up' aft]w>ds2 or1 if x /ill lives1 to conf9e x 9 a cage or avi>y4 ,! ,london ,g>d5s are d\btless a great deal bett] ?an _m o!r m5ag]ies2 b our :ole me?od ( treat+ animals is /upid & b>b>\s4 ,we want a m humane & intellig5t appreciation ( animal life1 & t s5se ( k9%ip :i* w\ld make u desir\s ( see+ our rudim5t>y bre?r5 "u happi] & m natural conditions4 ,&1 aft] all1 we h ourselves paid ! p5alty = our lack ( humanity1 by ! loss ( hum\r t accompani$ x2 = ! ba?os ( ! notices t us$ to meet u at e turn 9 ! ,g>d5s 0 v depress+ to ^? :o 7 alive en\gh to feel x4 ,! ,b5gal ,tig]s' d5 labell$1 #8,bew>e ( ,pickpockets'6 ,! ,eagles' ,avi>ies labell$1 #8,to ! ,refre%m5t ,rooms'6 ,7 ev] su* incongru\s ideas set 9 su* ludicr\s proximity8 ,!re1 disconsolate 9 durance vile1 sat ! fabl$ ,bird ( ,jove1 :o bore (f ,ganym$e to be ! god's cup-be>]1 :ile1 )9 a few y>ds1 ! mod]n ,ganym$e 0 s]v+ out c(fees & lemon-squa%es1 & enjoy+ 7?\gh p]haps he knew x n7 ! mo/ complete v5geance on ! great ,raptor :o enslav$ him40 ,! mo/ p[]ful indictm5t ( ! ,zoological ,g>d5s1 z !y 71 0 ! s]ies ( articles contribut$ by ,mr4 ,edmund ,sel\s to ! ,saturday ,review 9 #aija1 & aft]w>ds repr9t$ z a pamphlet by ! ,humanit>ian ,league1 "u ! title 8,! ,old ,zoo & ! ,new10 a picture ( :at ! ,zoo actually 01 z contra/$ ) :at x might become4 ,x 0 ! publication ( ?is tr5*ant criticism1 syn*roniz+ z x did ) a movem5t = re=m )9 ! ,zoological ,society itself1 t br\ght ab\t ! pres5t improv$ /ate ( public op9ion z to ! managem5t ( ! ,g>d5s1 & caus$ ! ,daily ,mail1 t ent]pris+ j\rnal :i* is ready to exploit ev5 humanit>ian ideas :5 !y seem likely to be popul>1 to publi% a numb] ( cau/ic articles on 8,! ,tortur$ ,animals at ! ,zoo40 ,f ,am]ica comes ! same compla9t1 z 9 ! foll[+ passage tak5 f an article 9 ,our ,animal ,fri5ds 7,new ,york73-- 8,x is inde$ high "t t ! conditions ( animals 9 m5ag]ies & zoological e/abli%m5ts %\ld be made a subject ( v practical conc]n4 ,9 _m cases _! condition is pitiable4 ,few ?+s are m di/ress+ to obs]ve ?an ! re/ive motions ( ! l>g] cats1 su* z lions1 tig]s1 & leop>ds1 or ( small] animals l wolves & foxes1 pac+ back & =? 9 _! small d5s1 z if suff]+ an agony ( re/lessness1 z inde$ !y (t5 mu/ be4 ,no animal ought to be kept 9 any su* condition1 & ! "t may come--we ?9k x has already come--:5 ?is =m ( cruelty may be aboli%$ by ! /rong h& ( law1 :]e x _c be t]m9at$ by ! mild] me?ods ( p]suasion40 ,v ,,sci5ti/ ,,& ,,sac]dotali/#ed ,:at d our up-to-date sci5ti/s ?9k 7if !y ?9k at all7 ( ! ju/ification ( vivisection put =w>d by ,monsignor ,john ,s4 ,vaughan1 a sac]dotali/ ( ! m$ieval s*ool8 ,to a wat*ful obs]v] few ?+s c\ld h be5 m ent]ta9+ ?an ! spectacle ( an old-_w ,ca?olic1 a belat$ casui/ ( 7say7 ?irte5? c5tury temp]am5t1 com+ =w>d 9 ! ,saturday ,review 7new /yle7 to ju/ify1 f a moral /&po9t1 ! do+s ( ! mod]n vivisector1 & bas+ 8 argum5t on ! immemorial 8proposition0 t 8bea/s exi/ = ! use & b5efit ( man40 ,n[1 !re are und\bt$ly numb]s ( p]sons liv+ 9 ?is tw5tie? c5tury :o /ill hold ! belief t ! animals 7 creat$ = man's pleasure1 & x may be t1 9 appeal+ to t anci5t sup]/ition1 ,mgr4 ,vaughan 0 us+ ! mo/ popul> weapon 9 ! pro-vivisectioni/ arm\ry4 ,b :atev] ! 8man 9 ! /reet0 may ?9k on ?is subject1 ! evolutioni/ & man ( sci5ce1 at any rate1 is n able to take refuge 9 ! plea t man is ! c5tre ( ! univ]se1 & t all o!r be+s 7 creat$ = mank9d2 = if !re is "o ?+ above o!rs t ,d>w9's foll[]s h sc\t$1 x is ?is old an?ropoc5tric notion :i* =ms ! ,monsignor's 8proposition40 ,! animals1 accord+ to ! sci5tific view1 7 n design$ = man's b5efit1 nor is !re any impassable gulf betwe5 human & non-human--on ! contr>y1 man 0 evolv$ f among ! animals1 & is 9 v tru? an animal himself4 ,?is is ! cre$1 beyond d5ial or evasion1 ( ! ,d>w9ian sci5ti/s1 ^: torture ( _! rudim5t>y bre?r5 ! sac]dotali/ is s eag] to condone4 ,monsignor ,vaughan is def5d+ vivisection by an assumption :i* ! vivisectors !mselves mu/ hold to be unsci5tific & obsolete4 ,! suffici5t answ] to ! an?ropoc5tric fallacy ( ! !ologian is f\nd 9 ,mr4 ,h[>d ,moore's laconic rem>k3 8,b ,d>w9 has liv$40 ,b vivisection has got to be def5d$ someh[1 on moral1 z well z m$ical1 gr\nds2 & to d ,monsignor ,vaughan ju/ice ! gr\nd he alleges is ! only "o t c af=d1 or c\ld once h af=d$1 any semblance ( logical foot-hold4 8,bea/s exi/ = ! use & b5efit ( man40 ,9 t unque/ion$ belief lay ! ju/ification--! suppos$ ju/ification--( ! horrible tortures inflict$ on animals 9 ! m$ic9al & magical quack]y ( ! middle ages1 :51 z ,dr4 ,b]doe has po9t$ out1 8! na/i] ! m$icam5t ! m 0 expect$ ( x40 ,animals 7 reg>d$ alike by ! religion1 & ! sci5ce1 & ! common usage ( ! times1 z m]e ?+s1 provid5tially design$ to be ! in/rum5ts ( man's welf>e1 at ! co/ ( :atev] suff]+ to !mselves4 ,:at1 !re=e1 if !y 7 c>v$1 & tortur$1 & vivisect$ to provide mank9d ) ! fil?y no/rums prescrib$ z ! rem$ies = disease8 ,an an?ropoc5tric philosophy c\ld expla9 & ju/ify x all4 ,& s x might d at ! pres5t "t1 b = ! fact t ! an?ropoc5tric philosophy--z a philosophy--has itself ceas$ to exi/4 ,inde$1 ! po9t ( ! compla9t aga9/ ! sci5ti/s is precisely ?is--t ! practice ( vivisection1 ?\gh p]haps logically ju/ifiable on ! absurd old belief t animals h no raison d'tre except to m9i/] to man's conv5i5ce1 is :olly unju/ifiable 9 ! light ( evolution>y sci5ce1 :i* has demon/rat$ beyond "q ! k9%ip ( all s5ti5t life4 ,t ! sci5ti/1 9 ord] to rake toge!r a moral def5ce = 8 do+s1 %\ld condesc5d to take %elt] ev5 "u ! m$ieval reason+ ( ! sac]dotali/1 is a pro( t 8 position is hopelessly inconsi/5t & uns\nd2 = hav+ got rid ( ! old an?ropoc5tric fallacy 9 ! realm ( sci5ce1 he actually avails himself ( ! same fallacy 9 ! realm ( e?ics4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 is less surpris+ :5 we rememb] t "o & ! same p]son may be1 & (t5 is1 z reaction>y 9 "o dep>tm5t ( ?\ght z he is progressive 9 ano!r1 & t ! mod]n man ( sci5ce is n infrequ5tly a m$ievali/ 9 morals4 ,! pres5t writ] well rememb]s ! incid5t :i* fir/ %ook 8 fai? 9 ! infallibility ( 8sci5ce40 ,he _h adopt$ a veget>ian diet1 & a di/+ui%$ sci5ti/ ) :om he happ5$ to be on fri5dly t]ms express$ a wi% to 8speak to him0 on ! subject4 ,! writ] felt t a critical mom5t _h arriv$1 & await$ ! sci5tific pron\ncem5t ) respectful anxiety4 ,:5 x came--spok5 ) evid5t e>ne/ness--x 0 ?is3 8,don't y ?9k ! animals 7 s5t u z food80 ,s we see ! sci5ti/ & ! sac]dotali/1 =gett+ _! radical diff]5ces1 pat*+ up a sup]ficial alliance ) ! pi\s object ( p]petuat+ ! exp]im5tal torture ( ! laboratory4 ,h5ce=w>d let none say t ,d>w9ian & ,ca?olic are n 9 agreem5t4 ,labor>e e/ or>e 0 ! old say+2 & n[ surely x %\ld be exp&$ by ,monsignor ,vaughan & 8 ,ca?olic fell[-vivisectioni/s into laboratorium e/ oratorium--! h\se ( torture is ! h\se ( pray]4 ,if x is n exactly 8m]cy & tru?0 t are met toge!r1 8righte\sness & peace0 t h kiss$ ea* o!r1 /ill x is a beautiful & t\*+ sc5e ( reconciliation--?is meet+ ( sci5ti/ & sac]dotali/ ov] ! torture-tr\gh ( ! helpless animal4 ,!y might exclaim 9 ! words ( ,t5nyson3-- 8,!re above ! little grave1 ,o !re above ! little grave1 ,we kiss$ aga9 ) te>s40 ,x seems to u z humanit>ians1 t1 z f> z ,monsignor ,vaughan & ! ,ca?olic vivisectioni/ s*ool is conc]n$ 7x is o!rwise ) ! sci5ti/s71 x is pure wa/e ( "t to argue ) !m1 !re be+ a fundam5tal diff]5ce ( op9ion z to data & pr9ciples4 ,! sole reason = discussion is to insure t ! humanit>ian view ( ! "q be rightly plac$ be=e ! public1 & ?is c be/ be done by /at+ x cle>ly 9 contradi/9ction to ! an?ropoc5tric dogma4 ,we d n admit ! assumption t 8bea/s exi/ = ! use & b5efit ( man40 ,we view ! matt] 9 a :olly diff]5t aspect4 ,we f9d ourselves born into an age :i* has be5 evolv$ 9 a gradual progress f savag]y to civilization1 ) old-_w wrongs ar\nd u1 ! wor/ ( :i* are be+ sl[ly r$eem$1 c5tury aft] c5tury1 by a gr[+ _s ( bro!rhood4 ,we h nev] pret5d$ t ^! wrongs1 wov5 z !y are into ! fabric ( ,society1 c be imm$iately & simultane\sly right$1 nor d we admit1 9 ! case ( ! l[] animals any m ?an 9 ! case ( m51 t ! necessity ( inflict+ "s pa9 conf]s ! "r to inflict any pa94 ,we insi/ on ! und5iable t5d5cy f b>b>ism to human5ess1 :i* has already at _m po9ts bridg$ ! gulf betwe5 man & man1 & w also bridge ! gulf betwe5 man & 8 l[] fell[-creatures4 ,sci5ce has explod$ ! idea t !re is any diff]5ce 9 k9d1 & n 9 degree only1 betwe5 ! human & ! non-human animal2 & sympa?y1 guid$ by reason1 is mak+ x m & m impossible t we %\ld = ev] treat z m]e automata fell[-be+s to :om we are1 9 fact1 v closely ak94 ,humane ,review1 #aija4 ,,vi ,,! ,,confessions ,,( ,a ,,physician#ee 8,confessions ( a ,physician10 by ,v4 ,v]esaeff1 is a ,russian "w1 fir/ publi%$ 9 #aija1 ! writ] ( :i* exposes ) ! utmo/ frankness ! secrets ( ! m$ical pr(ession--! d\bts1 difficulties1 dang]s1 scruples1 failures1 & ev5 homicides1 t fall to ! lot ( ! practition]4 ,x is n t ,v]esaeff is disloyal to 8 colleagues2 b 8 judgm5t is drawn 9 two opposite directions by 8 s5se ( duty to ,sci5ce on ! "o side1 & to ,morality on ! o!r1 & is ex]cis$ by ! problem ( h[ to reconcile ! 8necessities10 z he conceives !m1 ( m$ical rese>* ) ! 8rights10 z he _c b admit !m to be1 ( its human & non-human victims4 ,h5ce1 ?\gh ,v]esaeff is himself only 9 "p a humanit>ian1 8 book has consid]able int]e/ = humanit>ian read]s4 ,9 a diss]tation on ! ,engli% anti-vivisection movem5t1 f :i* ! ,russian movem5t orig9at$1 ,v]esaeff1 :ile n /ifl+ 8 misgiv+s1 falls back on ! ass]tion t vivisection is necess>y1 because x is impossible )\t x to "k ! liv+ organism4 ,he is v contemptu\s ( ! 8cl]gym51 society ladies1 /atesm51 p]sons entirely unassociat$ ) sci5ce10 :o seek to refute ! sci5ti/s2 b !n1 ve]+ to ! moral side ( ! "q1 he makes ! foll[+ ref]5ce to ?is book on 8,animals' ,rights03 8,h[ev]1 we mu/ give !m _! due2 = n all ! anti-vivisectioni/s base _! op9ions ^u su* crude & ignorant t5ets4 ,a numb] ( !m seek to base ! :ole "q ^u f\ndations ( pure pr9ciple2 ?us1 = in/ance1 ! au?or ( #8,animals' ,rights1 ,consid]$ 9 relation to ,social ,progress1' says3 #8,let u assume t ! progress ( surgical sci5ce is assi/$ by ! exp]im5ts ( ! vivisector4 ,:at !n8 ,be=e ru%+ to ! conclusion t vivisection is ju/ifiable on t acc\nt1 a wise man w take into full consid]ation ! o!r--! moral side ( ! "q--! hide\s inju/ice ( tortur+ an innoc5t animal4' ,?is is ! only possible & fitt+ position = ! anti-vivisectioni/ to take up2 :e!r sci5ce c disp5se ) vivisection or n1 does n conc]n him2 animals are made to suff]1 & t settles ev]y?+4 ,! "q is pla9ly put1 & !re c be no room = any equivocation4 ,i repeat1 we ought n to ridicule ! pret5sions ( ! anti-vivisectioni/s--! suff]+s ( animals are truly horrible--& sympa?y ) !m is n s5tim5tality2 b we mu/ be> 9 m9d t !re is no #8way r\nd1' :]e ! build+ up ( sci5tific m$ic9e--its goal--! heal+ ( mank9d--is at /ake40#ef ,:ile welcom+ ?is /atem5t1 ,i mu/ po9t out t 9 ! passage ( 8,animals' ,rights0 7p4 #ga7 to :i* ,dr4 ,v]esaeff ref]s1 ,i did n = a mom5t admit t vivisection is necess>y to surgical sci5ce2 ,i m]ely assum$ x = purposes ( argum5t1 & ,i add$ ! important qualify+ words :i* are omitt$ 9 ! ,russian quotation3 8,a l>ge assumption c]ta9ly1 controv]t$ z x is by "s mo/ weighty m$ical te/imony40 ,x is necess>y to po9t ?is out1 because we humanit>ians d n %>e ,dr4 ,v]esaeff's p]plexity1 sway$ z he is betwe5 ! dem&s ( a vivisect+ sci5ce & ! prote/s ( a suff]+ humanity2 on ! contr>y1 we are conv9c$ t ! pa9ful contradiction betwe5 conflict+ duties1 by :i* 8 m9d is tr\bl$1 is a phantom ( 8 own creation4 ,no d\bt if he assumes t "o p>ticul> sci5ce1 t ( m$ic9e1 mu/ pursue its c\rse reg>dless ( any o!r sci5ce1 su* z t ( morals1 he w f9d himself confront$ by problems & contradictions innum]able1 to :i* no direct answ] c be giv52 b t v assumption is "o :i* no cle>-head$ ?9k] w grant4 ,no s+le sci5ce c make true progress at ! exp5se ( ano!r sci5ce2 & :5 su* conflicts arise !y are a sign t !re is some?+ wrong1 & t x is "t to pause & to reflect4 ,m$ical problems1 l all o!rs1 c only be solv$ 9 ! solution ( ! social "q z a :ole1 & !re is no royal road to ! a*ievem5t ( m$ical aspirations4 ,,vii ,,antipa?y ,,or ,,sympa?y8#eg ,x is to be regrett$ t s di/+ui%$ a writ] z ,mr4 ,g4 ,k4 ,*e/]ton %\ld h giv5 c\nt5ance to ! idea t an ass]tion ( ! rights ( animals implies a d5ial ( ! rights ( man4 8,i use ! ^w humanit>ian10 he says 79 8 book 8,or?odoxy107 89 ! ord9>y s5se1 z mean+ "o :o upholds ! claims ( all creatures aga9/ ^? ( humanity40 ,?is /range blund] ( suppos+ t we humanit>ians reg>d ! int]e/s ( humans & sub-humans z antagoni/ic to ea* o!r seems to arise f a misund]/&+ ( our /atem5t t1 9 ! spread ( humane feel+s1 !re is a gradual1 n imm$iate1 recognition ( k9%ip1 embrac+ fir/ ! family1 !n ! fell[ citiz51 !n ! slave1 & !n ! non-human race--a progressive s5se ( morality :i* is ?us ridicul$ by ,mr4 ,*e/]ton3 8,i ?9k x wrong to sit on a man4 ,soon1 ,i %all ?9k x wrong to sit on a horse4 ,ev5tually 7,i suppose17 ,i %all ?9k x wrong to sit on a *air4 ,t is ! drive ( ! argum5t4444 ,a p]petual t5d5cy1 to t\* few] & few] ?+s might1 "o feels1 be a m]e brute unconsci\s t5d5cy1 l t ( a species to produce few] & few] *ildr540 ,mr4 ,*e/]ton1 x w be se51 supposes t ! tr5d ( humanit>ian ?\ght is m]ely 8to t\* few] & few] ?+s0--to 8t\*10 t is1 ) ! :ip1 ! hob-nail$ boot1 ! hunt+-knife1 ! scalpel1 or ! pole-axe4 ,he :olly fails to see t :at we really desire is to 8t\*0 n few] & few] ?+s1 b m & m--i4e41 to get into t\* ) !m by virtue ( t sympa!tic intellig5ce :i* %[s u t !y are ak9 to ourselves4 ,:y1 ultimately1 d we object to su* practices z vivisection1 blood-sport1 & ! but*]y ( animals = food8 ,because ( ! cruelty involv$ 9 !m1 no d\bt2 b also1 & ev5 m1 because ( ! hide\s n>r[+ ( our own human sympa?ies & human pleasures :i* ^! savage cu/oms involve4 ,let ,mr4 ,*e/]ton imag9e ! exi/5ce ( an ogrei% race ( m5 s p[]ful t :]ev] "o ( !m appe>$1 all ord9>y mortals w\ld be fa9 to run at full spe$ into holes & corn]s to escape him4 ,w\ld ^! tyrants f9d x to be a dim9ution1 & n r a va/ increase1 ( _! enjoym5t1 if !y le>nt gradually 8to t\* few] & few] ?+s0 9 ! ogrei% s5se1 :ile !y t\*$ m & m 9 ! s5se ( bro!rhood & fri5d%ip8 ,precisely ! same 9 k9d1 ?\gh n1 ( c\rse1 9 degree1 is ! relation1 z appreh5d$ by humanit>ians1 ( man t[>ds ! l[] animals4 ,equally errone\s is ,mr4 ,*e/]ton's assumption t mank9d is1 9 "s special & exclusive s5se1 a 8society10 diff]5t 9 k9d1 & n 9 degree only1 f ! l[] races4 8,mank9d is n a tribe ( animals to :i* we owe compassion4 ,mank9d is a club to :i* we owe our subscription4 ,pity1 ! vague s5tim5t ( ! sunt lacrym r]um1 is due indisputably to ev]y?+ t lives4 ,& z reg>ds ?is1 ! diff]5ce betwe5 our pity = suff]+ m5 & our pity = suff]+ animals is v possibly only a "q ( degree4 ,b ! diff]5ce betwe5 our moral relation to m5 & to animals is n a diff]5ce ( degree 9 ! lea/4 ,x is a diff]5ce ( k9d4 ,:at we owe to a human be+ we owe to a fell[-memb] ( a fix$1 responsible1 & reciprocal society4444 ,?is is ! basic error ^u :i* all ,mr4 ,salt's s*ool goes wrong4 ,!y w n see t :5 we talk ( human sup]iority we d n mean sup]iority 9 a degree on an incl9$ plane2 we mean ! exi/5ce ( a c]ta9 def9ite society1 diff]5t f ev]y?+ else1 & f\nd$ n on ! sorr[s ( all liv+1 b on ! rights ( m54 ,cruelty to man & cruelty to animals are two q dete/able1 b q diff]5t1 s9s4444 ,! man :o breaks a cat's back breaks a cat's back4 ,! man :o breaks a man's back breaks an impli$ treaty4 ,! tyrant to animals is a tyrant4 ,! tyrant to m5 is a traitor4 ,nay1 he is a rebel1 = man is royal40#eh ,mank9d1 says ,mr4 ,*e/]ton1 is a society4 ,b s are bees & beav]s4 ,!re are innum]able societies1 & x is impossible to prove t human society is m organic or m conclusive ?an ! re/4 ,our s5se ( k9%ip is cont9ually wid5+1 & !re nev] has be51 nor is1 any f9ality 9 ! social bond ( :i* ,mr4 ,*e/]ton speaks4 ,x w\ld h surpris$ ! ,greek or ,roman ( old to be in=m$ t he 0 a memb] ( ! same society ) ! b>b>ian or ! slave4 ,x w\ld h>dly be admitt$ by ! :ite ,am]ican ( to-day t he & ! ,african negro are own bre?r54 ,t1 presumably1 is because _! sympa?ies are n yet develop$ en\gh to enable !m to see ev5 ! fact ( human k9%ip2 b :at if ,mr4 ,*e/]ton's sympa?ies are n develop$ en\gh to enable him to see :at _m less subtle intellects h already se5--t beyond ?is 8human0 society !re is ! /ill l>g] society ( ! high] s5ti5t exi/5ce4 8,! man :o breaks a cat's back breaks a cat's back40 ,?is t]se say+ conta9s ! root ( all cruelty to animals1 ! qu9tess5ce ( all ! an?ropoc5tric bigotry :i* has caus$ ! immemorial ill-usage ( ! non-human races ?r\gh ! l5g? & bread? ( ! _w4 8,! man :o breaks a cat's back breaks a cat's back40 ,yes1 & ! sci5ti/ :o vivisects a dog1 vivisects a dog2 ! sportsman :o breaks up a h>e breaks up a h>e2 ! but*] :o ble$s a calf ble$s a calf4 ,t is all4 ,& if "o po9ts out ! cruelty1 inju/ice1 & folly ( vivisection1 or sport1 or fle%-eat+1 appeal is in/antly made to ! vaunt$ fact t man is 8royal0 & ! human race 8a society06 ,,viii ,,! ,,animal ,,"q ,,& ,,! ,,social ,,"q#ei ,x is1 p]haps1 n suffici5tly recogniz$ by zoophili/s h[ l>gely ! ill-usage ( ! l[] animals is due to ! iniquity ( pres5t social conditions1 & h[ va9 x is to expect to rem$y ! consequ5ces )\t attack+ ! cause4 ,s long z pecuni>y pr(it & self-int]e/ are accept$ z ! guid+ pr9ciples ( trade1 x w rema9 impossible to secure a "r treatm5t = animals2 because x is absurd to suppose t mank9d w agree to exempt ! l[] races f ! results ( an economic tyranny ( :i* m5 also are ! victims4 ,if ! wor%ip ( ! great god 8,pr(it0 be>s s h>dly on m5 & wom51 is x likely t ! result ( ?is pitiless /ruggle w be less disa/r\s to ! animals1 :o by mo/ p are n reg>d$ z fell[-be+s at all8 ,let u take a few in/ances4 ,! ov]-work+ ( horses is "o ( ! commone/ & wor/ =ms ( ill-treatm5t to :i* dome/ic animals are liable1 & is ju/ly puni%able by law :5 8cruelty0--t some:at vague (f5ce--c be prov$4 ,b su* pro(1 except 9 flagrant cases1 is r5d]$ practically impossible by ! fact t1 = ! sake ( employ]s' pr(its1 m5 & wom5 are daily ov]-work$ q z cruelly z horses are4 ,if tramway companies are p]mitt$ to "w _! m5 long & %ameful h\rs to swell ! %>ehold]s' divid5ds1 :at c be done = ! horses8 ,& :]e !re is actual ill-usage ( horses by ^? :o h *>ge ( !m1 x mu/ be rememb]$ t ! m5's ill-temp] is (t5 ! result ( ! h>% conditions "u :i* !y "w4 ,selfi%ness begets its l1 & ! suff]]s by a h>% sy/em w 9 turn treat o!r suff]]s h>%ly4 ,aga91 :y is x t s _m p]sons are engag$ 9 trades t involve cruelty to animals8 ,obvi\sly because ! pres5t conditions ( society leave !m no *oice4 ,"o man mu/ be a slaught]man1 ano!r a cattle drov]1 ano!r a bird-cat*]1 because no o!r occupation happ5s to be op5 to him1 & he naturally *ooses to ill-treat animals r ?an to />ve himself4 ,economic necessity leaves no scope = human5ess4 ,be=e we fairly condemn ! brutal drov]1 or seal]1 or bird-cat*]1 we mu/ s recon/itute society z to ensure to ea* citiz5 a dec5t & humane livelihood4 ,x is idle to prea* humanity to ^? :o !mselves live 9 ev]-pres5t fe> ( ! hung]-wolf4 ,9 l mann] 8sport10 9 its bas] =ms1 is ma9ta9$ & p]petuat$ by bad social conditions4 ,x 0 ! 8hang]s on0 ( ! ,royal ,buckh\nds :o made x s difficult to aboli% t disreputable in/itution2 tame /ags mu/ /ill be worri$ t local 8trade0 may be enc\rag$2 & t ri* idl]s may come into ! hunt+ di/ricts to sp5d _! weal?4 ,s1 too1 ! blackgu>dly pa/imes ( rabbit-c\rs+ & pigeon-%oot+ are ma9ly support$ by ! bett+ & gambl+ elem5t1 :i* ?rives 9 proportion z hone/ "w is und]paid4 ,nor is x to be wond]$ t _m individuals ( all classes %\ld become gambl]s & rogues1 :5 ! pr9ciple ( comm]cial ent]prise is :at x is--an utt]ly immoral desire to make money by ! quicke/ possible me?od1 & )\t ! slighte/ consid]ation = any int]e/s b "o's own4 ,9 ?is breakneck competition ev]y?+ mu/ be done at high pressure1 or ! m>g9 ( 8pr(it0 w be lo/4 ,x is horrible1 is x n1 t ! slaught]man %\ld sometimes sk9 ! %eep alive8 ,b "t is money2 & ! slaught]man may himself be ! victim ( "s sk9fl9t employ]1 & p]haps he is anxi\s to rise to em95ce 9 8 pr(ession & give 8 *ildr5 a real ,*ri/ian br++ up4 ,?us1 too1 ! ma/]-but*]s h oppos$ ! abolition ( private slaught]-h\ses because _! 8pr(its0 w\ld be less5$4 ,x co/s m to h ! be/ & mo/ mod]n appliances--s humanity once m has _h to wait4 ,! moral is t zoophili/s1 :ile 9 no wise relax+ _! ef=ts = ! welf>e ( ! animals1 %\ld also range !mselves on ! side ( social re=m4 ,& ?is sugge/s ! rem>k t ! sub-title ( ?is book is n devoid ( significance1 = x is :5 !y are 8consid]$ 9 relation to social progress0 t ! rights ( animals are mo/ likely to be und]/ood4 ,,bibliography#fj 8,free ,?\ghts ^u ! ,brute ,creation40 ,by ,john ,hildrop1 ,m4,a4 ,london1 #agdb4 ,?is exam9ation ( ,fa!r ,b\geant's 8,philosophical ,amusem5t ^u ! ,language ( ,bea/s0 7#agdj7 is an argum5t 9 fav\r ( animal immortality4 8,a ,reasonable ,plea = ! ,animal ,creation40 ,by ,rob]t ,morris4 ,london1 #agdf4 ,a repr9t ( "s lett]s urg+ t 8we h no "r to de/roy1 mu* less to eat ( any ?+ :i* has life40 8,an ,essay on ! ,future ,life ( ,brutes40 ,by ,ri*>d ,dean4 ,man*e/]1 #agfg4 ,! probability ( a future life = animals is ass]t$ on scriptural & o!r gr\nds4 8,an ,apology = ! ,brute ,creation1 or ,abuse ( ,animals ,c5sur$40 ,by ,james ,grang]4 ,london1 #aggb4 ,a %ort s]mon condemn+ cruelty to animals 9 sport1 etc4 8,a ,diss]tation on ! ,duty ( ,m]cy & ,s9 ( ,cruelty to ,brute ,animals40 ,by ,humphry ,primatt1 ,d4,d4 ,london1 #aggf4 ,a qua9t b excell5t book1 urg+1 z a rule ( conduct1 8to d unto o!rs z1 9 _! condition1 y w\ld be done unto40 8,disquisitions on ,sev]al ,subjects40 ,by ,soame ,j5yns4 ,london1 #aghb4 ,*apt] ,,ii treats ( 8,cruelty to ,inf]ior ,animals40 8,introduction to ! ,pr9ciples ( ,morals & ,legislation40 ,by ,j]emy ,b5?am4 ,london1 #aghj4 ,b5?am's works conta9 sev]al passages ass]t+ ! rights ( animals4 ,8 views1 ridicul$ by ,dr4 ,:ewell1 7 support$ by ,j4 ,s4 ,mill1 8,diss]tations & ,discussions10 ii1 pp4 #dhb-dhe4 8,! ,cry ( ,nature1 or ,an ,appeal to ,m]cy & ,ju/ice on behalf ( ! ,p]secut$ ,animals40 ,by ,john ,oswald4 ,london1 #agia4 ,writt5 to advocate ! discont9uance ( fle%-eat+4 8,a ,v9dication ( ! ,rights ( ,brutes40 ,london1 #agib4 ,attribut$ to ,?omas ,taylor4 7,see above1 p4 #d47 8,a ,philosophical ,treatise on ,horses1 & on ! ,moral ,duties ( ,man t[>ds ! ,brute ,creation40 ,by ,john ,lawr5ce4 ,two vols4 ,london1 #agif-agih4 ,! au?or ( ?is humane book 0 a f>m]1 an au?ority on ! managem5t ( dome/ic animals1 :o 0 consult$ by ,ri*>d ,m>t91 ,m4,p41 on ! details ( 8 ,ill-treatm5t ( ,cattle ,bill1 :i* became law 9 #ahbb4 8,on ! ,conduct ( ,man to ,inf]ior ,animals40 ,by ,george ,ni*olson4 ,man*e/]1 #agig4 ,a compilation ( passages illu/rat+ man's cruelty to ! l[] races4 8,an ,essay on ,humanity to ,animals40 ,by ,?omas ,"y1 ,fell[ ( ,tr9ity ,college1 ,cambridge4 ,london1 #agih4 ,! book conta9s *apt]s on sport1 cruelties connect$ ) ! table1 etc4 8,! ,h>e1 or ,hunt+ ,incompatible ) ,humanity40 ,dubl91 #ahjj4 ,a /ory1 by an anonym\s writ]1 purport+ to be told by a ,h>e4 8,zoophilos40 ,by ,h5ry ,cr[e4 ,buck+ham1 #ahai4 ,conta9s *apt]s on sport1 me?ods ( slaught] = food1 vivisection1 etc4 8,moral ,inquiries on ! ,situation ( ,man & ( ,brutes40 ,by ,lewis ,gomp]y4 ,london1 #ahbd4 ,! au?or ( ?is book 0 secret>y ( ! ,society = ! ,prev5tion ( ,cruelty to ,animals1 & f\nd] ( an ,animals' ,fri5d ,society4 ,a lat] volume1 8,fragm5ts 9 ,def5ce ( ,animals10 0 publi%$ by him 9 #aheb4 8,! ,rights ( ,animals1 & ,man's ,obligation to treat !m ) ,humanity40 ,by ,william ,h4 ,drummond1 ,d4,d4 ,london1 #ahch4 ,a gu>d$ essay1 9 :i* ! writ] pleads = ! re/riction ( vivisection1 b ju/ifies fle%-eat+ & field-sports4 8,philozoia1 or ,moral ,reflections on ! ,actual ,condition ( ! ,animal ,k+dom1 & ! means ( improv+ ! same40 ,by ,t4 ,=/]4 ,brussels1 #ahci4 ,a plea = humane education4 ,a section ( ! book is devot$ to ! condition ( animals on ! ,cont95t4 8,! ,obligation & ,ext5t ( ,humanity to ,brutes1 pr9cipally consid]$ ) ref]5ce to ! ,dome/icat$ ,animals40 ,by ,w4 ,y\att4 ,london1 #ahci4 ,! writ]1 a ,pr(essor 9 ! ,royal ,vet]9>y ,college1 0 a memb] ( ! ,society = ! ,prev5tion ( ,cruelty to ,animals4 8,! ,morality ( ,field ,sports40 ,by ,pr(essor ,e4 ,a4 ,freeman1 8,=tnightly ,review10 ,octob]1 #ahfi4 ,?is article1 toge!r ) a reply by ,an?ony ,trollope & a rejo9d] by ,pr(4 ,freeman1 0 repr9t$ 7#aijj71 "u ! title ( 8,! ,morality ( ,hunt+10 by ,mr4 ,r4 ,k4 ,gaye1 ( ,tr9ity ,college1 ,cambridge4 8,"s ,talk ab\t ,animals & _! ,ma/]s40 ,by ,sir ,ar?ur ,helps4 ,london1 #ahgc4 ,?is popul> little book conta9s _m good rem>ks1 b does n advance any consi/5t view ( ! "q4 8,! ,rights ( an ,animal1 a ,new ,essay 9 ,e?ics40 ,by ,edw>d ,byron ,ni*olson4 ,london1 #ahgi4 ,?is book1 ) mu* int]e/+ in=mation1 includes a repr9t ( a *apt] by ,john ,lawr5ce on 8,! ,rights ( ,bea/s40 8,! ,e?ics ( ,diet1 a ,cat5a ( ,au?orities ,deprecatory ( ! ,habit ( ,fle%-,eat+40 ,by ,h[>d ,williams4 ,london & ,man*e/]1 #ahhc4 ,?\gh writt5 prim>ily f a veget>ian /&po9t1 ?is s*ol>ly "w conta9s a l>ge am\nt ( g5]al in=mation invaluable to /ud5ts ( ! animal "q4 8,animals' ,rights1 consid]$ 9 relation to ,social ,progress40 ,by ,h5ry ,s4 ,salt4 ,london1 #ahib4 8,moral ,philosophy40 ,by ,joseph ,rickaby1 ,s4,j4 ,london1 #ahib4 ,conta9s a /atem5t ( ! ,ca?olic position 9 d5ial ( rights to animals4 8,natural ,rights40 ,by ,david ,g4 ,rit*ie4 ,london1 #ahie4 ,see above1 ,app5dix ,i4 8,! ,new ,*>t]1 a discussion ( ! ,rights ( ,m5 & ! ,rights ( ,animals40 ,essays publi%$ by ! ,humanit>ian ,league4 ,london1 #ahif4 8,evolutional ,e?ics & ,animal ,psy*ology40 ,by ,e4 ,p4 ,evans4 ,london1 #ahih4 8,! ,nature & ,developm5t ( ,animal ,intellig5ce40 ,by ,wesley ,mills1 ,m4,d4 ,london1 #ahih4 8,ki? & ,k93 ,poems ( ,animal ,life40 ,edit$ by ,h5ry ,s4 ,salt4 ,london1 #aija4 8,e ,liv+ ,creature40 ,by ,ralph ,waldo ,tr9e4 ,london1 #aija4 8,! ,basis ( ,morality40 ,by ,ar?ur ,s*op5hau]4 ,translat$ by ,a4 ,b4 ,bullock4 ,london1 #aijc4 8,! ,univ]sal ,k9%ip40 ,by ,j4 ,h[>d ,moore4 ,london1 #aijf4 ,?is brilliantly writt5 "w ass]ts ! sci5tific basis ( humanit>ianism1 & treats ( ! subject ( animals' rights "u ?ree heads--! physical1 ! psy*ical1 & ! e?ical k9%ip betwe5 human & sub-human4 8,! ,new ,e?ics40 ,by ,j4 ,h[>d ,moore4 ,london1 #aijg4 8,! ,*ur* & ,k9dness to ,animals40 ,london1 #aijg4 ,a translation f ! ,fr5*1 8,l'glise et la ,piti env]s les ,animaux0 7#aijc71 9 v9dication ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* aga9/ ! *>ge ( indiff]5ce to animal suff]+4 8,! ,place ( ,animals 9 ,human ,?\ght40 ,by ! ,c\ntess ,m>t95go ,ces>esco4 ,london1 #aiji4 ,a "w ( value to ^? :o are /udy+ ! psy*ological aspect ( ! "q4 8,! ,mahatma & ! ,h>e40 ,by ,h4 ,rid] ,hagg>d4 ,london1 #aiaa4 8,kill+ = ,sport40 ,by v>i\s writ]s1 edit$ by ,h5ry ,s4 ,salt1 ) ,introduction by ,g4 ,b]n>d ,%aw4 ,london1 #aiae4 ,! ,publications ( ! ,humanit>ian ,league--,pamphlets on v>i\s subjects1 #ahia-aiai4 8,suff]+ & ,wrong4 ,! ,message ( ! ,new ,religion40 ,by ,francis ,wood4 ,london1 #aiaf4 8,savage ,survivals40 ,by ,j4 ,h[>d ,moore4 ,london1 #aiaf4 8,! ,great ,k9%ip40 ,an ,an?ology ( ,humanit>ian ,poetry1 edit$ by ,b]tram ,lloyd4 ,london1 #aiba4 8,! ,s\l ( an ,animal40 ,by ,t4 ,s4 ,hawk9s4 ,london1 #aiba4 ,,index4 ,ab]d>e1 ,"l1 on ,vivisection1 #gc 7note #da74 ,ari/otle1 quot$1 #ag4 ,arnold1 ,dr41 quot$1 #ae4 ,b5?am1 ,j]emy1 on rights1 #e1 #ad1 #ag1 #db4 8,bett] = ! animals !mselves10 #bd1 #be1 #cg1 #df1 #eb1 #gb1 #gc 7note #da74 ,bright1 ,john1 quot$1 #hf4 ,b*n]1 quot$1 #hc4 ,cag$ animals1 #cf-ci4 ,cag+ ( birds1 #ci4 ,c>tesian doctr9e1 #aj1 #aa4 ,ca/ration ( animals1 #cj1 #ca4 ,cattle traffic1 #db1 #de4 ,*e/]field1 ,"l1 quot$1 #dc4 ,*ur*1 !1 & rights ( animals1 #c4 ,cobbe1 ,frances ,p[]1 #h1 #gj1 #ga4 ,comte1 ,augu/e1 #bd 7note #ag74 ,cruelty to animals1 causes (1 #h-aj1 #af2 responsibility =1 #ei2 =ms (1 #ge1 #gh4 ,d>w91 quot$1 #ab4 ,democracy & rights ( animals1 #d1 #bc1 #bd1 #he1 #hf4 ,dixie1 ,lady ,f41 quot$1 #eg4 8,dome/ic0 animals1 protect$ by law1 #bf4 8,dumb0 animals1 an objectionable t]m1 #ad1 #ae4 ,education1 z a me?od ( re=m1 #hf-hi4 ,ersk9e1 ,"l1 quot$1 #ij4 ,evans1 ,e4 ,p41 quot$1 #ab-ad4 ,fea!r trade1 #fc1 #fd4 ,fle%-eat+1 #db-dg4 ,food "q1 importance (1 #da4 ,fur trade1 #ei-fc4 ,gomp]tz1 ,lewis1 quot$1 #be 7note #ai74 ,helps1 ,sir ,a41 #bg4 ,huxley1 #aj 7note #aa74 ,immortality ( animals1 #i1 #aj1 #ab4 ,j5yns1 ,soame1 quot$1 #cf1 #eb4 ,kropotk9e1 ,p41 #bj 7note #af74 ,law = prev5t+ cruelty to animals1 ne$ ( am5dm5t1 #ee-eg4 ,lawr5ce1 ,john1 quot$1 #e1 #f1 #bf1 #bg1 #db4 ,lecky's 8,hi/ory ( ,european ,morals10 #i1 #ae1 #af4 ,legislation1 z a me?od ( re=m1 #hi-ia4 ,ma*9]y1 use (1 #bi4 8,m>t9's ,act10 #f1 #cd1 #ef1 #ij4 ,mi*elet1 quot$1 #dd1 #ec1 #ed1 #fi4 ,mill1 ,j4 ,s41 quot$1 #ia4 ,mills1 ,dr4 ,wesley1 #ab1 #ac4 ,montaigne1 #bg4 ,m1 ,sir ,t41 on sport1 #ed4 ,natural hi/ory1 true me?od & false1 #fg-fi4 ,nature1 & /ruggle = exi/5ce1 #ai1 #bj1 #dg1 #hj1 #ha4 ,necessity1 plea (1 #gb1 #gi4 ,ni*olson1 ,e4 ,b41 quot$1 #cg1 #df4 ,nom5clature1 influ5ce (1 #ad1 #ae4 ,pa91 ! 8discipl9e0 (1 #ai4 ,pa9e1 ,?omas1 #d4 ,paley1 ,dr4 ,w41 quot$1 #dc4 ,p]=m+ ,animals1 #dj4 8,pets10 #cb4 ,pheasant-%oot+1 #eg4 ,plut>*1 #bh4 ,porphyry1 #c1 #ba4 8,pres]vation0 ( animals1 by sportsm51 #ea1 #eb2 by collectors1 #fh4 ,primatt1 ,dr4 ,h41 #i1 #ai1 #bf1 #gg1 #gh4 ,prop]ty1 influ5ce on legislation1 #cd1 #ce4 ,rabbit-c\rs+1 #ef4 ,reason & in/9ct1 #ab1 #ac4 ,rights1 def9ition1 #a1 #b2 ne$ ( a cle> pr9ciple1 #g1 #gh1 #gi4 ,rit*ie1 ,d4 ,g41 #b1 #c1 #g4 ,romanes1 ,pr(essor1 #aj4 ,r\sseau1 #c1 #hh4 ,sci5ti/s & ! rights ( animals1 #fg-gj4 ,s*op5hau]1 quot$1 #aa1 #ad1 #db4 ,seal ,fi%]y1 #fc4 ,slav]y1 #af1 #ag4 ,sp5c]1 ,h]b]t1 on rights1 #b4 ,sport1 z relat$ to o!r cruelties1 #ej1 #ea1 #fe1 #ff1 #gd2 excuses =1 #ec2 ze/ (1 #ed1 #ee4 ,/ag-hunt+1 #ee4 ,/rauss1 quot$1 #hc4 ,?omson1 ,j4 ,ar?ur1 quot$1 #bj 7note #af74 ,?oreau1 #bg1 #bi1 #di1 #fh4 ,veget>ianism1 #dd1 #dh1 #di4 8,v]m910 treatm5t (1 #ef1 #eg4 ,vivisection1 its iniquity1 #fi1 #gj 7note #ci72 relation to o!r cruelties1 #fg1 #gj1 #gd2 morality (1 #ga1 #gc2 "r me?od ( combat+1 #ge1 #gf4 ,voltaire1 #c1 #aj4 ,wild animals1 unprotect$ by law1 #bf1 #cd-cf2 sanctu>ies =1 #dj1 #ee4 ,wood1 ,rev4 ,j4 ,g41 quot$1 #ab4 ,wordswor?1 quot$1 #ea4 ,zoological ,g>d5s1 #ch4 ,,*iswick ,,press3 ,,*>les ,,:itt+ham ,,& ,,co4 ,,tooks ,,c\rt1 ,,*anc]y ,,lane1 ,,london4 ,,footnotes3 #a ,an admirable def9ition ( ,rights is giv5 by ,mr4 ,g4 ,w4 ,foote 9 8 contribution to 8,! ,new ,*>t]03 8,rights are ( ?ree sorts--legal1 moral1 & natural4 ,! legal mean+ ( #8,rights' is und\bt$ly ! prim>y "o 444 & ?is is ! only def9ite s5se1 9 :i* ! ^w c be us$4444 ,moral ,rights are widespread new s5tim5ts1 dem&+ incorporation into ,legal ,rights2 & ,natural ,rights are /ill new] s5tim5ts1 aspir+ to recognition z ,moral ,rights1 ) a view to ultimate incorporation z ,legal ,rights4444 ,!y are respectively1 a solid fact1 a g5]al dem&1 & a gr[+ aspiration40 #b ,?is rem>k implies n ! 8disp>agem5t ( logic & ( all c>eful use ( language10 ) :i* ,pr(essor ,d4 ,g4 ,rit*ie has *>g$ me 9 8 book on 8,natural ,rights10 b simply t social re=m]s _c be deb>r$ f us+ ! be/ available t]ms because no logically exact t]m is =?com+4 ,see ,app5dix ,i4 #c ,attribut$ to ,?omas ,taylor1 ! ,platoni/4 #d 8,pr9ciples ( ,p5al ,law10 *ap1 xvi41 #aghj4 #e ,john ,lawr5ce1 8,philosophical ,treatise on ! ,moral ,duties ( ,man t[>ds ! ,brute ,creation10 #agif4 #f ,pr(essor ,rit*ie cont5ds 9 8 8,natural ,rights0 t dome/ic animals h n be5 grant$ rights 9 ,engli% law4 8,because a "w ( art1 or "s anci5t monum5t1 is protect$ by law f injury1 d we speak ( ! rights ( pictures or /ones80 ,b ! di/9ction is obvi\s--works ( art are protect$ only z prop]ty1 dome/ic animals z s5ti5t be+s1 :e!r own$ or un[n$4 #g 8,fras]10 ,novemb]1 #ahfc2 8,! ,rights ( ,man & ! ,claims ( ,brutes10 by ,frances ,p[] ,cobbe4 #h 8,book ( ,?\ghts1 ,memories1 & ,fancies10 #ahed4 #i ,humphry ,primatt1 ,d4,d41 au?or ( 8,! ,duty ( ,m]cy to ,brute ,animals0 7#aggf74 #aj ,see ! article on 8,animal ,immortality10 8,! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury10 ,jan41 #ahia1 by ,norman ,pe>son4 ,! up%ot ( 8 argum5t is t1 8if we accept ! immortality ( ! human s\l1 & also accept its evolutional orig91 we _c d5y ! survival1 9 "s =m or o!r1 ( animal m9ds40 #aa ,pr(4 ,huxley's rem>ks1 9 8,sci5ce & ,culture10 give a p>tial support to ,desc>tes' !ory1 b d n be> on ! moral "q ( rights4 ,=1 ?\gh he concludes t animals are probably 8s5sitive automata10 he classes m5 9 ! same category4 ,see ,app5dix ,,ii4 #ab ,s*op5hau]'s 8,f\ndation ( ,morality40 ,i quote ! passage z translat$ 9 ,mr4 ,h[>d ,williams's 8,e?ics ( ,diet40 #ac 8,desc5t ( ,man10 *ap4 iii4 #ad 8,man & ,bea/1 "h & h]eaft]10 #ahgd4 #ae ,9 ,sir ,a4 ,helps's 8,animals & _! ,ma/]s40 ,see an article on 8,dumb ,animals10 9 8,! ,humanit>ian10 ,novemb]1 #aiab4 ,also ! *apt] on 8,spee* z a ,b>ri] betwe5 ,man & ,bea/10 9 ,mr4 ,e4 ,p4 ,evans's "w on 8,evolutional ,e?ics & ,animal ,psy*ology10 #ahih4 #af ,see ,pr9ce ,kropotk9e's articles on 8,mutual ,aid among ,animals10 8,n9ete5? ,c5tury10 #ahij1 :]e ! conclusion is arriv$ at t 8sociability is z mu* a law ( nature z mutual /ruggle40 ,a simil> view is express$ 9 ! 8,/udy ( ,animal ,life10 #ahib1 by ,j4 ,ar?ur ,?omson4 8,:at we mu/ prote/ aga9/10 he says1 9 an int]e/+ *apt] on 8,! ,/ruggle ( ,life10 8is t "o-sid$ int]pretation accord+ to :i* individuali/ic competition is nature's sole me?od ( progress40 ,ano!r & m rec5t "w1 :i* has a v important be>+ on ?is "q1 is 8,symbiosis3 a ,socio-,physiological ,/udy ( ,evolution10 by ,h4 ,re9heim]1 #aibj4 #ag ,augu/e ,comte includ$ ! dome/ic animals z an organic "p ( ! ,positivi/ conception ( humanity4 #ah 8,moral ,duty t[>ds ,animals10 8,macmillan's ,magaz9e10 ,april1 #ahhb1 by ! !n ,bi%op ( ,c>lisle4 #ai ,see ,lewis ,gomp]tz' 8,moral ,inquiries0 7#ahbd71 :]e x is argu$ t 8at lea/ 9 ! pres5t /ate ( society x is unju/1 & consid]+ ! unnecess>y abuse !y suff] f be+ 9 ! p[] ( man1 x is wrong to use !m1 & to enc\rage _! be+ plac$ 9 8 p[]40 #bj 8,animals & _! ,ma/]s10 p4 #aja4 #ba ,see ,app5dix ,,iii4 #bb ,"u ! ,animals 7,anae/hetics7 ,act1 #aiai1 an an/hetic is n[ requir$ 9 c]ta9 cases1 b ! scope ( ! ,act ne$s to be greatly enl>g$4 #bc ,! use ( dogs = purposes ( draught 0 prohibit$ 9 ,london 9 #ahci1 & 9 #ahed ?is enactm5t 0 ext5d$ to ! :ole k+dom4 #bd 8,on ,cruelty to ! ,inf]ior ,animals10 by ,soame ,j5yns1 #aghb4 #be ,mr4 ,e4 ,b4 ,ni*olson4 ,see ,app5dix ,,iv4 #bf ,un=tunately !y are n ( mu* value ev5 = t purpose1 ow+ to ! det]ioration ( heal? & vig\r caus$ by _! imprisonm5t4 8,! skeletons ( ag$ c>nivora10 says ,dr4 ,w4 ,b4 ,c>p5t]1 8are (t5 good = no?+ z museum specim5s1 _! bones be+ rickety & di/ort$40 #bg 8,la ,bible de l',humanit40 #bh ,see ! ,humanit>ian ,league pamphlets on 8,cattle-%ips10 & 8,! ,re=m ( ! ,slaught]-h\se40 #bi 8,! ,rights ( an ,animal10 #ahgi4 #cj ,edw>d ,c>p5t]1 8,engl&'s ,ideal40 #ca ,z 9 ! article by ,sir ,h]b]t ,maxwell on 8,our ,obligations to ,wild ,animals10 8,blackwood's ,magaz9e10 ,augu/1 #ahii4 #cb ,soame ,j5yns1 #aghb4 #cc ,see ! *apt] on ,fallacies ( ,sportsm5 9 ! volume ( essays entitl$ 8,kill+ = ,sport0 7,george ,bell & ,sons1 #aiae74 ,sev]al ( ! sophisms by :i* fox-hunt+ is commonly def5d$ 7 employ$ by ,dr4 ,lang1 ,ar*bi%op ( ,york1 9 an address :i* he gave 7,novemb] #af1 #aiac7 :5 d$icat+ a /a9$ w9d[ to ! memory ( a deceas$ blood-sportsman4 #cd 8,! ,horrors ( ,sport10 ,humanit>ian ,league pamphlet1 by ,lady ,flor5ce ,dixie4 #ce 8,x is extremely difficult to see :y ^! tame de] ( p>k & paddock %\ld n be held to be dome/ic animals )9 ! mean+ ( ! ,acts = ! ,prev5tion ( ,cruelty to ,animals4 ,inde$1 if !y h ceas$ to be f] natur !y mu/ be dome/ic animals1 unless !re be "s mis]able t]tium quid :i* is nei!r "o nor ! o!r4 ,i am n aw>e t !re ev] has be5 a def9ite decision ( ! ,high ,c\rt ^u ?is matt]1 & ,i v5ture to ?9k t if a suitable case 7 to be tak5 up & prop]ly argu$1 x is possible t a judgm5t welcome to humanit>ians might be obta9$40--,sir ,george ,gre5wood 78,humane ,review10 ,janu>y1 #aijh74 #cf ,lett] to 8,pall ,mall ,gazette10 ,m>* #bd?1 #ahib1 by ,lady ,flor5ce ,dixie4 #cg ,s9ce ?is 0 writt51 m ?an ?irty ye>s ago1 !re has be5 a welcome gr[? ( public feel+1 result+ 9 a bett] control ( ! plumage trade4 #ch ,see ,app5dix ,v4 #ci ,we are told t 9 ?is c\ntry su* b>b>ities are no long] possible1 because1 by ! ,act ( #ahgf1 vivisections may be p]=m$ by none b lic5s$ p]sons1 & ! use ( anae/hetics is made obligatory4 ,x has to be rememb]$1 h[ev]1 t special lic5ces c be obta9$ to disp5se ) anae/hetics1 or1 if an an/hetic be adm9i/]$1 to all[ ! vivisector to keep ! animal alive aft] ! effect ( ! an/hetic has pass$ away1 9 ord] to wat* ! results ( ! exp]im5t1 dur+ :i* p]iod ! animal frequ5tly has to endure great suff]+4 #dj ,on ! ref]5ce to ?is passage 9 8,! ,confessions ( a ,physician10 by ,v4 ,v]esaeff1 see ,app5dix ,,vi4 #da ,x is said t ! fir/ ,"l ,ab]d>e1 9 presid+ ov] a meet+ ( ! ,royal ,society = ! ,prev5tion ( ,cruelty to ,animals1 & 9 w>n+ ! society aga9/ ent]+ on an anti-vivisection crusade1 gave utt]ance to ! delightfully irrelevant rem>k t he _h himself be5 ?rice op]at$ on1 & 0 all ! bett] = x6 #db ,see ,j4 ,cott] ,morrison's article on 8,sci5tific v]sus ,bucolic ,vivisection10 8,=tnightly ,review10 #ahhe4 #dc ,pr(essor ,jevons1 8,=tnightly ,review10 #ahgf4 #dd 8,m9d 9 ,animals10 translat$ by ,annie ,besant4 #de 8,! ,old ,fai? & ! ,new40 #df ,see ,app5dix ,,vii4 #dg ,see ,app5dix ,,viii4 #dh 8,!y tell *ildr51 p]haps1 t !y mu/ n be cruel to animals4444 ,:at avails all ! f9e talk ab\t morality1 9 contra/ ) acts ( b>b>ism & immorality pres5t$ to !m on all sides80--,gu/av von ,/ruve4 #di 8,pr9ciples ( ,political ,economy40 #ej ,see p4 #c4 #ea ,see p4 #aj4 #eb ,see p4 #bi4 #ec ,see p4 #cg4 #ed ,see p4 #fi4 #ee ,see p4 #ga4 #ef ,f ! translation by ,simeon ,l9d51 ,london1 #aijd2 pp4 #aeh1 #aei4 #eg ,see p4 #hd4 #eh ,daily ,news1 ,april #aj1 #aijf4 #ei ,see p4 #hf4 #fj ,x has n be5 attempt$ 9 ! foll[+ pages to give a complete bibliography ( ! doctr9e ( ,animals' ,rights1 b m]ely a li/ ( "s ( ! *ief works1 9 ,engli%1 t t\* directly on t subject4 ,,transcrib]',s ,,notes3 ,italiciz$ text is surr\nd$ by und]scores3 italics4 ,obvi\s typographical errors h be5 correct$4 ,inconsi/5cies 9 hyph5ation h be5 /&>diz$4 ,alt]nate or ar*aic spell+ has be5 reta9$ f ! orig9al4