,transcriber's ,note3 ,this ebook was created in honor of ,distributed ,proofreaders' #bjth ,anniversary4 ,italic font is indicated by underscores1 bold font by equal signs1 and larger font by plus signs4 ,the symbol denotes an illustration description that is not part of the original work4 ,,knott',s ,,pop-,,corn ,,book ,,dedicated ,,to ,,the ,,health ,,the ,,happiness ,,the ,,wealth ,,of ,,all ,,people ,,contents3 ,pop-,corn1 the ,grain and its ,handling ,the ,popping of ,corn ,factory ,planning ,the ,right ,way to ,handle the ,batch ,what to do with ,corn that ,does ,not ,pop ,raw ,materials ,paper and ,packages ,the ,cooking of ,syrup ,recipes and ,formulas ,distribution ,national ,confectioners' ,association ,how to ,figure ,costs ,pop-,corn ,machinery ,,compiled ,,by ,e4 ,r4 ,,knott ,,published ,,by ,e4 ,r4 ,,knott ,,machine ,,co4 ,,boston1 ,,massachusetts ,copyrighted1 #aibj ,by ,e4 ,r4 ,,knott ,illustration3 7,in color7 ,styles of pop-corn made on ,knott's ,pop-,corn ,machines ,e4 ,r4 ,,knott ,,machine ,,company ,,boston ,,when ,,better ,,pop-,,corn ,,machines ,,are ,,made ,,knott ,,will ,,make ,,them ,the ,illustration in ,colors ,you see a few of the many attractive styles in which you can put up pop-corn made on ,knott's ,pop-,corn ,machines4 ,the top package1 a pop-corn brick1 is extensively sold from ,maine to ,new ,jersey along the ,atlantic coast at beaches and parks in summer4 ,the center picture of bar pop-corn1 either ground or whole1 is a ,new ,england favorite4 ,the top bar has the paper folded back as it is held while eating by biting off the bar4 ,the lower left is a package of whole corn fritters or crispettes1 while at the right is shown a crispette on top of some ground corn fritters4 ,the center upper piece is called 8two-fers0 because it sells two for a penny4 ,it is a ,new ,england piece4 ,the lower center is a penny cake4 ,these last four pieces are winter goods4 ,the flavors are ,molasses 7yellow71 ,chocolate 7brown71 ,vanilla 7white71 ,checkerberry or ,wintergreen 7pink74 ,this ,book has been ,printed3-- 7#a7 ,because now is the time to enter into the manufacture of pop-corn4 7#b7 ,because every district will soon have its pop-corn factory4 7#c7 ,because your customers will realize that only goods of local manufacture and high quality1 under your trade-mark1 are dependably fresh and wholesome4 7#d7 ,because people are buying more pop-corn than ever before4 7#e7 ,because the demand for pop-corn ground and whole1 in squares1 bars1 fritters1 etc41 in ,new ,england is as substantial as the demand for crackers4 7#f7 ,because pop-corn has great possibilities4 7#g7 ,because pop-corn may be put before the public in many ways4 7#h7 ,because if one style is not salable in a certain locality there are enough that will be1 as there are plenty of styles to choose from4 7#i7 ,to show that you should trade-mark your goods4 7#aj7 ,to show that the 8price toboggan0 had better coast empty4 7#aa7 ,to give you guidance1 so that no matter what may be your problem you may eventually achieve success4 7#ab7 ,because pop-corn makers are scarce as compared to the demand for them1 and it is hoped that this will assist in the training of capable men4 7#ac7 ,because pop-corn made on quality builds business4 7#ad7 ,because we want to increase the consumption of pop-corn4 ,this is the kind of a book that you get properly balanced in your mind if you ,,read ,,it ,,three ,,times1 one after the other4 ,even after the third time you will find something that you passed over without noticing at the other readings4 ,,chapter ,i ,,the ,,world-,,wide ,,food-,,confection ,,after every man1 woman and child gets to know its pleasant taste and its food value1 the world consumption of pop-corn is going to be something tremendous4 ,consider that pop-corn contains the whole of the grain1 and that the grain is thoroughly cooked4 ,it is a healthful1 nourishing food4 ,it is pure4 ,it is a poor man's confection and food combined4 ,it is too palatable for the rich man to ignore4 ,it is considered by 8,uncle ,sam0 to be such a valuable article that through the ,united ,states ,agricultural ,department1 he has published two pamphlets for free distribution1 ,farmers' ,bulletins ,no4 #eec1 8,pop-corn for the ,home10 and ,no4 #eed1 8,pop-corn for the ,market40 ,by permission of the department we avail ourselves of some of the information there given4 ,illustration3 ,the ear ,illustration3 ,unpopped ,kernels and ,popped ,kernels of ,white ,rice ,pop-,corn 7,with ,permission of the ,u4 ,s4 ,department of ,agriculture47 ,out of the more than twenty varieties of pop-corn you are advised to use ,white ,rice1 as that makes the largest popped kernel compared to the size of the raw kernel1 and it is the most common commercial pop-corn4 ,as it is the expanding of the moisture in pop-corn by turning into steam that explodes and cooks the grain1 it is necessary to have the right quantity of moisture1 about twelve per cent41 and to have that moisture evenly distributed throughout the kernel1 and the kernel otherwise in fit condition for popping4 ,some of the things that spoil the popping quality of corn are3 ,seed from which the crop is raised not being acclimated to the locality in which it is planted4 ,other kinds of corn growing near the pop-corn4 ,picking before the pop-corn has fully ripened1 or picking after the coming of frost4 ,not sufficient ventilation while curing4 ,too much drying out2 shelled corn dries out faster than corn on the cob4 ,shelling the corn too long before popping4 ,defects in the kernel itself4 ,damage from moths which produce weevils4 ,insufficient heat1 giving poor popping results4 ,you see that it is really a delicate proposition to deliver pop-corn to you that will give you the best results4 ,therefore1 it is not safe for you to buy pop-corn of any but reliable dealers4 ,seventy pounds of ears1 air-dried1 constitute a bushel4 ,fifty-six pounds of shelled pop-corn make a bushel4 ,one hundred pounds of ears should give eighty pounds of shelled pop-corn4 ,there are the same number of food units in3-- ,one brick of ,pop-corn4 ,one-fifth of a pound of ,roast ,beef4 ,four servings of ,oatmeal4 ,four ,eggs4 ,one-third pound ,roast ,lamb4 ,one pint ,milk4 ,to be more accurate1 here is the percentage of proteid1 fat1 carbohydrates and the number of calories in one pound of each of the foods noted4 ,proteid ,fat ,carbohydrates ,calories ,peanuts1 #be4h #ch4f #bd4d #befj ,sugar1 #jj #jj #ajj #aheg ,pop-corn1 #aa #aa #gh #ahfj ,cocoanut1 #d #gg #ai #bhjj ,raisins1 #c #i #hh #afjj ,oatmeal 7boiled71 #ah #g #ge #cjj ,roast ,beef1 #ah #hb #jj #ahjj ,eggs1 #cb #fh #jj #gfj ,roast ,lamb1 #dj #fj #jj #ijj ,milk1 #ai #eb #bi #cjj ,illustration3 ,two round cakes of pop-corn ,chart of ,manufacturing ,procedure ,,molasses ,,sugar ,,corn ,,syrup ,,raw ,,corn ,,grease ,,stock ,,stock ,,salt ,,tank ,,tank ,,popping ,,cocoanut _/ ,,machine ,,chocolate --------- ,,stove _/ ,,color _/ _/ ,,flavor ---- ,,mixer ------- ,,grinder _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ ,,buttered ,,brittle ,,pans ,,moulding ,,machine ,,for ,,corn ,,tank ,,marble ,,crispettes ,,dodger ,,press ,,bricks1 ,,biscuits ,,or ,,ball _/ ,,cutting _/ ,,machine _/ _/ ,,paper ,,packing ,,table ---- ,,boxes ,,string ,,labels ,this chart of manufacturing process shows at what point each ingredient enters the batch4 ,it shows the arrangement of operations4 ,it shows what type of goods is the easiest to make and what takes the most machinery to complete4 ,it condenses on one page the underlying principles of pop-corn confection manufacture4 ,study it carefully4 ,in this chart you will find the answer to your question of how to arrange your factory--at what point in the work a certain material is added to the confection4 ,it shows what materials are required to manufacture pop-corn confection and shows what set of machines are necessary to make a particular type of corn confection4 ,it shows what machines are the essential ones in the business4 ,,schedule ,,of ,,equipment ---------------------------------------- ----------- ,a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j,k,l,m,n,o,p,q,r ---------------------------------------- ----------- ,salted ,pop-,corn ---------------------------------------- ----------- ,buttered ,pop-,corn ---------------------------------------- ----------- ,crispettes1 various colors and flavors ---------------------------------------- ------------ ,dodgers1 various colors and flavors ---------------------------------------- ----------- ,biscuits1 various colors and flavors ---------------------------------------- ----------- ,penny ,squares and ,bars ---------------------------------------- ----------- ,bricks ---------------------------------------- ----------- ,sticks ---------------------------------------- ----------- ,brittle ---------------------------------------- ----------- ,key ,a ,popper ,no4 #bjjb-c ,page #ai ,b ,sifter ,no4 #aab ,page #bj ,c ,two ,stock ,tanks ,no4 #bjac-a ,page #be ,d ,measure #b qt4 ,graduated ,e ,paddle ,no4 #bjjf-a ,page #da ,f ,stove ,no4 #aac-a ,page #be ,g ,mixer ,no4 #aad-b ,page #bi ,h ,crispette ,machine ,s ,f #c ,page #ch ,i ,grinder ,no4 #aji-a ,page #bb ,j ,press ,no4 #aaj-a ,page #cc ,k ,cutting ,machine ,no4 #aaa ,page #ce ,cutting ,machine ,no4 #aae ,page #cg ,l ,buttered ,corn ,tank ,no4 #bjai-a ,page #da ,m ,wrapping ,form ,page #ca ,n ,biscuit ,mould ,no4 #bjjb-a ,page #ca ,o #e ,biscuit ,pans ,no4 #bjjg-b ,page #ca ,p #e ,stick ,pans ,no4 #bjjg-c and ,mould ,no4 #bjjb-d ,page #ci ,q #e ,pans ,no4 #bjjg-a ,page #ca ,r #e ,transfer ,racks ,no4 #bjbb-a ,page #ce ,this schedule illustrates in a different way from the 8,chart of ,manufacturing ,procedure0 on page #i what you require as an equipment for the manufacture of any one of the regular types of ,pop-,corn ,confection4 ,pop-,corn ,bars1 8,penny ,squares and ,bars0 as the line is called1 requires as you see by the 's1 these machines--,popper1 ,sifter1 ,stock ,tanks1 ,measure1 ,stove1 ,mixer1 ,grinder1 ,press1 ,cutting ,machine1 #e ,pans--thus you get a definite list of the tools for a complete plant1 for the particular product4 ,,chapter ,,ii ,,process ,,of ,,manufacture ,,you1 when you first tasted a delicious brittle kernel of ,pop-corn1 coated thinly with candy1 you did not think of the skill attained by practise1 the skill that was necessary in order that your piece of pop-corn confection might have the right amount of candy on each kernel of pop-corn and the kernel be of its original full-sized fluffiness4 ,it is an operation that appeared to you as simple and easy of accomplishment when you first saw it performed in the hands of an expert4 ,then when you tried it8 ,well1 you had 8,an experience40 ,you found that somehow the corn did not act for you the same as for him4 ,it did just what you did not expect it to do4 ,it formed into one big ball of condensed pop-corn4 ,or it became cold before you got it really mixed and you could not then mould it into confection2 or instead of the kernels being of their natural large1 fluffy nature1 you probably found you had ground them to one-half their natural bulk4 ,in other words1 you found you had something to learn and you were up against a man's job4 ,no1 you did not give up1 but you 8cleared for action10 or in other words you stripped off the coat from your mind as well as from your back and studied and tried1 studied and tried1 until you had the principles1 then by practise you acquired speed4 ,pop-corn confection is made from the starting of a batch to the completed confection while the original heat is in that batch4 ,a batch of candy is solid compared to a batch of pop-corn1 so that a batch of candy may be held to a working temperature by keeping the batch near a fire1 while pop-corn cannot be so handled1 it must be worked in small batches at a speed to reach the finished confection while the original heat lasts4 ,the working of candy and the heat in it has a tendency to turn the candy back to sugar--that is1 to grain it4 ,candy coated pop-corn1 to get the brittle1 perfect confection--that is not grained--must be finished confection1 while the candy coating is still hot4 ,you see1 then1 the great advantage to be realized in using the quickest method4 ,knott's machines are recognized as the best for the speed that produces quality4 ,as one item in the process of manufacture1 consider the mixing of the corn and candy4 ,hot air rises and cold air descends2 you know that1 but did you ever consider that it has a lot to do with your results in making pop-corn8 ,you know that popped corn is light and fluffy and air passes through the collection of kernels easily4 ,think of how hot a kernel must be to pop and yet you know that it is hardly any time at all before the kernel is cold4 ,the air surrounding the kernel is heated by the hot kernel3 that air rises and is replaced by cooler air which in turn extracts the heat from the kernel and so the process continues with speed until the kernel is the same temperature as the air4 ,you have often used the pouring of a liquid to more rapidly cool it4 ,you have lifted spoonful after spoonful of coffee letting it run off the spoon to cool it4 ,did it ever occur to you that the pouring of the hot1 boiling syrup onto the pop-corn in a mixing tank is a cooling process8 ,because of hot air ascending and cool air descending1 that candy that you would thus pour onto the pop-corn will cool at a most rapid rate while you are getting the candy kettle out of the way and your paddle down into the batch to mix the corn and candy4 ,the doing away with this pouring of the candy is necessary to the production of the best goods4 ,you can eliminate it by cooking the candy in a deep kettle and pouring the pop-corn into that kettle on top of the candy and mixing the batch in that kettle4 ,illustration3 ,man stirring contents of a bucket ,to coat a kernel of pop-corn with candy is not only for the purpose of tickling the sense of taste1 but by the use of that thin covering of candy you keep the dampness out of the kernel4 ,to be most effective1 the coating must completely enclose each kernel and yet for the confection to be of the most delicate and brittle texture you must have but the least film of a coating of candy covering each kernel and every kernel the same as every other4 ,to get the best results1 you must use the one best method of manufacture4 ,if without any time passing1 that is1 instantaneously1 you could distribute the candy at the instant it reached the point to which you boil it1 the candy then being at its most liquid state1 if you could distribute the candy thus instantly over the kernels1 you would have the ideal thin coating of candy over each kernel of pop-corn4 ,you would have the most delicious piece of confection you ever set your teeth into4 ,when mixing by hand1 one-half of the time is used in the down stroke of the paddle1 which1 of course1 is necessary before you can make the up stroke1 or lift the paddle to mix the corn4 ,yet1 of course1 that uses valuable time during which the batch is cooling4 ,a machine so constructed as to have a rotating paddle always under the corn to lift the corn up the sides of the kettle and guiding it to fall down the center of the kettle1 such a machine uses no time in return strokes and mixes the batch almost instantaneously4 ,at this point in our consideration of the subject1 let us see what we have learned4 ,it is best to mix the candy and pop-corn in the way that will be the quickest1 the quickest way being to boil the candy in a deep kettle and mix the batch in that same kettle by the use of a pop-corn mixing machine4 ,illustration3 ,man operating a mechanical mixer ,now suppose you use this method for mixing the batch1 what size batch will produce the greatest profit8 ,you know with pop-corn confection1 the lighter it is1 the better it is4 ,of course the lighter it is the less material to the piece and the greater the profit4 ,the size of batch you make has an important effect on the lightness of the confection4 ,candy coating of the pop-corn must be soft when the cakes are pressed in order to have the cake well held together when cooled4 ,you are cooking above #bhj degrees1 so your candy must be at a high temperature when the cakes are pressed to attain the result4 ,at that temperature1 the candy changes quickly from a plastic to a brittle condition4 ,a batch is too large when the last of it to be moulded is too cool to produce good light confection4 ,the batch may be kept from cooling so fast by keeping it enclosed in a heated tank1 but watch the results and don't expect this to help much4 ,you must have the tank open to take out the corn to fill the moulds and while it is open there is bound to be a rush of hot air out of the tank and a rush of cold air into it on the principle discussed in the first part of this article4 ,this movement of air takes the heat out of the batch at a fast rate so that it counteracts the effect of the heating of the tank4 ,one good way is to use the hot kettle you mix your batch in to hold the batch while you scoop the corn out onto the moulds4 ,the quickest way if you are using a set of moulds is for you to arrange the moulds on the bench1 make a batch just the right size1 dump the batch on top of the moulds and fill them4 ,then put them through the press4 ,this has the advantage of getting the corn into the moulds at once while the candy coating is soft4 ,when the candy coating of the kernels is too cool when put in the moulds and pressed1 the whole kernels will be broken and you will get so much corn into each mould that the cake will be solid1 hard to bite into and heavy4 ,you see it pays better to run small batches4 ,your cakes will be light and fluffy and therefore better liked by the consumer4 ,your materials will make more goods4 ,a day's work on this plan will show the greatest profit4 ,consider the utensils used by this method4 ,only two kettles1 so you have one on the fire while you are mixing in the other4 ,you have no jacket tank to clean1 to grease1 with the cost of the grease1 to heat by gas1 with the cost of the gas4 ,the use of the pop-corn mixing machine in this method assures the same sized cakes being made of less material4 ,the same material produces at least #bj per cent4 more finished confection because of the quick and complete mixing4 ,,chapter ,,iii ,,arrangement ,,of ,,outfit ,illustration3 ,diagram showing layout of plant ,,you will agree with me that unless you have your outfit arranged right you will be wasting steps1 and that one worker will be in the way of another4 ,the best way is to have the room arranged so that the raw corn starts down one side of the room and the finished goods come back on the other1 so that the process of manufacture passes around the room in a continuous progress toward the shipping point4 ,this sketch gives you an arrangement to consider4 ,you should make your ,popper and ,mill ,stand1 ,stock ,tank ,stand1 ,kettle ,stirring ,stand and ,bench so that you can move them1 and thus try various distances and arrangements to fit the particular line of goods that becomes your leader4 ,it is just as bad to have machines too close together as to have them too far apart1 even when arranged in good working order4 ,in the plan above1 room is left for barrels to stand in front of the popper1 at the side of and in front of the mill and room for two at the ,kettle ,stirring ,stand1 one for whole corn and one for ground corn4 ,,all ,,power ,,equipment ,several conditions of manufacture are changed as the quantity of production is increased4 ,you should pop your corn in a separate room from the place in which the cooking is done4 ,the heat from the poppers--even with the windows open in summer--is very uncomfortable and the escaping gas and burning dust makes the air very unhealthy4 ,have your poppers so arranged that the bad air will rise and escape without disturbing the workers4 ,ordinary windows are not enough4 ,put a ventilator over the poppers4 ,place a hood1 or canopy over your stoves connected by pipe to outdoors1 so that when any syrup or molasses gets on the stove and creates a smoke1 it will pass off without making the workers uncomfortable4 ,the arrangement of your factory space as to the location of the doors1 windows1 stairs and elevator will effect your placing machinery4 ,whether you use individual motor drive1 or shaft driven machines1 will effect the arranging of your plant4 ,what you intend to manufacture and what machines you buy will also determine how you use your floor space to the best advantage4 ,individual motor drive enables you to locate your machines to better manufacturing advantages4 ,as your business changes in what you make1 as you increase or change your goods and as you add more machines1 you can more easily move machines to keep the best manufacturing arrangement4 ,as to cost of operation1 it is hard to say under modern conditions whether one way is cheaper than another4 ,with separate motor to each machine1 you have no overhead shafts and belts to drop oil and dust and compel you to locate by them4 ,you are not liable to have your plant idle because the one motor is out of order1 or one belt has parted1 you can keep making something if one machine is out of order1 for all the others will be running4 ,,pop-,,corn ,,popper ,many manufacturers make a stand for their popper out of three-quarter inch gas pipe1 which is fireproof1 clean1 simple and cheap4 ,it is best to have three pipes for the popper to rest on1 one across near the front and two across near the back4 ,these two project to the right twelve inches for the shelf for mill 7,stock ,no4 #bjja-a74 ,by the use of elbows1 tees1 flanges and piping you can make a stand to rest on the floor or hang from the ceiling and bring the popper to the right height for your barrels4 ,when hung from the ceiling it leaves the floor clear1 and in every way is to be preferred if you make the construction rigid4 ,determine the height of the barrel you are to use under your ,knott ,rotary ,sifter 7,stock ,no4 #aab7 and have the top of the stand for popper twelve and one-half inches higher than that4 ,use an iron box or barrel under the popper to catch the unpopped kernels4 ,in that way you risk no fire should a blazing kernel fall into it4 ,a blaze in pop-corn is easily smothered by stirring up the corn4 ,you are urged to use an iron barrel under the ,knott ,rotary ,sifter 7,stock ,no4 #aab7 to catch the siftings4 ,order your popper made ready to attach ,knott's ,rotary ,sifter1 it costs no more4 ,to ,operate ,popper4 ,remove the pop-corn popper cylinder4 ,directions for ,gasoline ,fuel4 ,see that the valves are closed4 ,use only the best gasoline4 ,do not fill the tank while the burners are lighted1 nor remove the tank to fill it4 ,do not let the tank run dry4 ,if gasoline burners should leak at any time at the hexagon stuffing box on the valve stem1 tighten with pliers4 ,repeat this operation if any further trouble occurs from this source4 ,if this doesn't overcome the trouble remove the stuffing box and wrap some cotton cord or linen thread well saturated with common soap around the valve stem4 ,then tighten stuffing box4 ,to prevent smoking up the cylinder you are recommended to use alcohol 7denatured or wood7 in generating cups2 light and allow to burn out1 then turn on gasoline and light at the perforated cone at top of burner2 turn low4 ,if you are not used to gasoline burners1 get some one who knows how to show you4 ,directions for ,gas ,fuel4 ,it is essential to have an uninterrupted and sufficient supply of gas4 ,do not use a rubber tube to carry gas to the popper if you can connect the popper directly by pipe4 ,the tubing greatly reduces the pressure4 ,run a three-quarter-inch pipe to a small sized ,popper2 and an inch pipe to the large sized ,poppers4 ,see that the gas comes to this through no smaller pipe4 ,light the burner and turn low4 ,the distance the pop-corn cylinder is away from the burner is very important4 ,if your cylinder is too near the burner1 your corn will be really under the heat and not in it4 ,if the cylinder is too far away from the burner1 the corn will be too far away from the hottest part of your fire4 ,this will show by your corn being roasted instead of popped and by your popped kernels being small4 ,the distance between cylinder and the burner should be about #a inch4 ,this does not mean inch or inch1 neither does it mean #a inch or #a inch4 ,the pressure of the gas may require that you make a new adjustment of the burner up or down to get absolutely the best results with the gas you must use4 ,to ,pop the ,pop-,corn4 ,make yourself thoroughly familiar with the motions of operating the popper with raw corn without fire before trying to pop corn4 ,a power-driven machine should have the power turned on before the burner is lighted4 ,this prevents the liability of your forgetting to keep the cylinder revolving over the fire4 ,if the cylinder is not in motion1 the fire will burn a hole in it or get it out of shape4 ,having oiled the shaft with heavy oil1 replace the cylinder4 ,put in a scoopful of corn4 ,illustration3 ,this illustrates method of placing corn in cylinder ,turn up the fire and revolve the cylinder clockwise1 eighteen or twenty revolutions to the minute4 ,the popping should begin in one and one-half to two and one-half minutes4 ,after the popper has been running a little while and becomes thoroughly warmed up1 popping may begin in one and one-half minutes4 ,when the popping is about two-thirds completed1 if you are using gasoline fuel1 turn down the inside burner only4 ,when gas is used turn the valve off about half-way4 ,in case pop-corn catches fire in the cylinder1 put in a scoop of raw corn1 which will extinguish the blaze4 ,after a little practice you will know from the discharging corn just what moment to turn the cylinder slowly backward and stop to dump the unpopped kernels4 ,on the power machines you must draw the bolt on the crank before you can turn it backwards4 ,put in another scoopful of corn4 ,turn up the burner1 and if you are using gasoline1 first the outside and then the inside one1 so that the lighting will be from the outside4 ,proceed as before4 ,,peanut ,,cylinder ,this machine may be used as a peanut roaster by using a special peanut cylinder in place of the pop-corn cylinder4 ,these cylinders are carried in stock at the factory and will fit your popper4 ,to ,roast ,peanuts4 ,open the slide1 insert the funnel and put in peanuts until the cylinder is three-quarters full4 ,then close the slide2 remove the pop-corn cylinder2 light the burners2 put the peanut cylinder in the machine1 then revolve the cylinder at the same speed as the pop-corn cylinder1 about eighteen to twenty revolutions per minute4 ,test the peanuts by running a tryer in the hole in the cylinder4 ,it will require twenty to thirty minutes to roast4 ,empty the cylinder by drawing it part way out1 turning it hole downward and swaying it back and forth4 ,illustration3 ,stock ,no4 #bjjc-b4 ,kingery ,popper3 8,the ,one ,liked the ,best0 ,stock ,no4 #bjjc-a ,kingery ,no4 #ej1 gas fuel and motor without blower ,stock ,no4 #bjjc-b ,kingery ,no4 #eh1 gas fuel with motor and blower ,stock ,no4 #bjjc-c ,kingery ,no4 #ea1 gas fuel with #bd-;inch pulley ,stock ,no4 #bjjc-d ,kingery ,no4 #bej1 gas fuel and motor attached4 ,nickel plated ,stock ,no4 #bjjc-e ,kingery ,no4 #beh1 gas fuel with motor and blower4 ,nickel plated ,stock ,no4 #bjjc-f ,kingery ,no4 #ei1 gas fuel1 #bd-;inch pulley and blower ,stock ,no4 #bjjc-g ,similar to ,no4 #bjjc-b1 but without stand ,stock ,no4 #bjjc-h ,similar to ,no4 #bjjc-b1 but without stand or motor ,stock ,no4 #bjjc-i ,popping machine of #d bushel per hour capacity1 with motor and with atmospheric gas burner ,stock ,no4 #bjjc-aj ,similar to ,no4 #bjjc-i1 but with gas burner and blower ,stock ,no4 #bjjc-b4 ,capacity1 #ab bushels per hour4 ,dimensions of body1 #cg inches high1 #bh inches wide1 #ad inches deep2 gas machine1 #ah inches deep4 ,smaller machines or machines arranged in series4 ,we recommend this machine1 we know it is right4 ,kingery poppers are generally used in factory production because of their efficiency4 ,the best popper is ,kingery ,no4 #eh1 arranged with gas fuel1 electric motor and a blower that forces air into the burner1 which mixing with the gas gives a much cleaner1 hotter fire with less gas4 ,a fire that pops corn into larger kernels1 pops a larger per cent4 of the corn and does it in a shorter time4 ,,sifter ,about fifty1 more or less1 of unpopped kernels will be blown out by the popping corn or carried out with it at each popping4 ,these must be sifted out of the popped corn before you make up your confection4 ,you do not want to bite down on a hard kernel and break a tooth1 so that it is necessary for you to make certain that every hard kernel is eliminated4 ,the pop-corn cannot get by without being sifted and every hard kernel is taken out4 ,the screen does not clog because it turns over twenty times a minute4 ,no pop-corn kernels are broken1 as the pop-corn tumbles over and over in a veritable cascade seven times in passing from the hopper through the cylinder4 ,by a long series of experiments the construction was determined that positively took out every hard kernel4 ,illustration3 ,sifting machine ,stock ,no4 #aab4 ,model ,c 7,patent applied for7 ,with the sifter and driving parts as shown on page #bj you receive drills and tap for bit-stock so you may put up the machine yourself by following the direction sheet4 ,screen #ab inches in diameter by #ai inches long with baffle plates that compel the corn to travel in a cascade over #ba feet of screen before it gets out1 the pop-corn tumbling over itself so there is nothing to break it up4 ,built on cast iron frame1 rigid construction1 cannot clog1 ample capacity1 cannot choke1 does not break up pop-corn1 you can take it away and put it back while popper is running4 ,ample capacity to handle pop-corn from large popper4 ,siftings must all fall inside of your barrel whether it be #ah inches or #ba inches in diameter4 ,the power it takes is so small you need not think of it4 ,stock ,no4 #aab ,knott's ,rotary ,pop-corn ,sifter with driving parts complete ,,grinding ,,pop-,,corn ,grinding pop-corn is not the same as crushing raw grain4 ,pop-corn should be torn apart when it is ground and not mashed1 as it is the fluffy1 light texture you desire to maintain4 ,knott's ,mills 7,stock ,no4 #bjja and ,stock ,no4 #aji7 accomplish the same work in different ways1 but the former is of disc construction and the latter of the cylinder type4 ,the former is slower but uses much less power4 ,in case of ,mill1 ,stock ,no4 #bjja-a 7see page #bd71 which is power-driven1 the construction is such that it will make no great difference whether the pop-corn is put in before or after the mill is started4 ,adjustment is made by the thumb screw in the hub of the pulley4 ,turning in causes the mill to grind finer4 ,in case the pop-corn does not feed in the hopper a stick run down in the ,hopper 7,stock ,no4 #bjbj-a7 or a common knife stuck in between the machine and the ,hopper will cause the machine to start grinding again4 ,hopper 7,stock ,no4 #bjbj7 for this mill holds a bushel of pop-corn4 ,knott's ,grinder1 ,stock ,no4 #aji is the machine for efficient work4 ,every last bit of pop-corn put in the hopper will be ground without attention4 ,never open the slide to let the pop-corn to the grinder until after the power is on4 ,if the power is put on after the pop-corn is let into the machine it will choke1 in which case you will have to shut the slide and turn the machine over by hand to clear it4 ,adjustment is made by the thumb screw on the side of the machine4 ,screwing it in causes finer grinding4 ,by tightening up the lock nut on the adjusting screw you lock the adjustment4 ,illustration3 ,grinding machine ,stock ,no4 #aji-a ,the interchangeable burrs that do the work4 ,illustrations on page #bc show how the stationary burr bracket is swung out to drop out nails or gravel4 ,use this grinder with legs to straddle a barrel and hopper that holds a barrel of pop-corn and place on the stand by the side of the grinder an electric motor totally enclosed type ,stock ,no4 #bjaf-e1 ,no4 #bjaf-f1 ,no4 #bjaf-aa1 ,no4 #bjaf-ab4 ,illustration3 ,stock ,no4 #aji-d--,knott's ,pop-,corn ,grinder ,this shows the stationary burrs swung out to drop out nails or gravel1 without changing the grinding adjustment4 ,illustration3 ,stock ,no4 #aji-d--,knott's ,pop-,corn ,grinder ,showing stationary burr in position for grinding4 ,your pop-corn is pulled apart--not mashed4 ,adjustable2 no dust4 ,uniform grinding4 ,all metal4 ,will last a lifetime4 ,large quantity capacity4 ,,capacity #aj bbls4 per hour ----------------------------------- ,,power ,h4,p4 ----------------------------------- ,,speed #ejj ,r4,p4,m4 ----------------------------------- ,,pulley #g #b ----------------------------------- ,,measurements #aa #af #aj ----------------------------------- ,,throat #g #a ----------------------------------- ,,weight #ge lbs4 ----------------------------------- ,use our motors either ,stock ,no4 #bjaf-e1 or ,no4 #bjaf-f1 or ,no4 #bjaf-aa1 or ,no4 #bjaf-ab4 ,stock ,no4 #aji-a ,knott's ,pop-corn ,grinder with legs to straddle a barrel and galvanized iron hopper of one barrel capacity ,stock ,no4 #aji-b ,knott's ,pop-corn ,grinder with hopper1 without legs ,stock ,no4 #aji-c ,knott's ,pop-corn ,grinder with legs1 without hopper ,stock ,no4 #aji-d ,knott's ,pop-corn ,grinder without legs or hopper ,stock ,no4 #aji-aj ,revolving ,burrs1 each section ,stock ,no4 #aji-aa ,stationary ,burrs1 each section ,illustration3 ,stock ,no4 #bjja-a ,knott's ,pop-,corn ,mill ,your pop-corn is pulled apart--not mashed4 ,adjustable4 ,no dust4 ,uniform grinding4 ,all metal4 ,will last a lifetime4 ,small quantity capacity4 ,,capacity #b bbls4 per hour ----------------------------------- ,,power ,h4,p4 ----------------------------------- ,,speed #ejj ,r4,p4,m4 ----------------------------------- ,,pulley #g #a ----------------------------------- ,,measurements #ab #h #ag ----------------------------------- ,,throat #c #b ----------------------------------- ,,weight #de lbs4 ----------------------------------- ,may be driven with one of our ,stock ,no4 #bjaf-a1 or ,no4 #bjaf-b1 or ,no4 #bjaf-g1 or ,no4 #bjaf-h electric motors4 ,stock ,no4 #bjja-a ,knott's ,pop-corn ,mill with #g-;inch pulley for #a-;inch flat belt ,stock ,no4 #bjja-b ,knott's ,pop-corn ,mill with hand crank ,stock ,no4 #bjbj-a ,hopper of galvanized iron of #a bushel capacity for ,knott's ,pop-corn ,mill ------------- ,for greater output consider our ,stock ,no4 #aji ,mill4 ,knott's ,molasses and ,syrup ,tanks ,illustration3 ,stock ,no4 #bjac-a ,the time saver1 clean way1 heavy sheet steel1 with steel band top and bottom1 electric welded1 galvanized after manufacture2 ,stebbins' side-opening molasses gate1 screwed in2 #ad inches in diameter and #ag inches deep4 ,stock ,no4 #bjac-a ,knott's ,stock ,tank galvanized ,you make the stand so your two quart measure 7,stock ,no4 #bjaj-a7 may be stood on a shelf under the gate1 thus giving clean1 quick method of filling measure4 ,one tank is for the purpose of holding molasses and the other you should have for syrup made by melting1 just bringing to a boil your sugar and corn syrup in the proportions the recipes you are using call for4 ,use a thermometer and see that it registers #bbj degrees1 no more or less4 ,placing the syrup right off the stove in the covered tank causes it to hold the heat so as you draw it for each batch1 you start each batch with hot syrup1 which saves time in cooking and accuracy in measuring1 aids much toward uniform products4 ,knott's ,pop-,corn ,stove ,illustration3 ,stock ,no4 #aac-a ,stove top of seven rings1 drum of heavy sheet steel1 with steel band top and bottom4 ,burners of ample capacity and interchangeable4 #ai inches in diameter1 #be inches high and weighs #eg pounds4 ,stock ,no4 #aac-a ,knott's ,pop-corn ,gas ,stove ,stock ,no4 #aac-b ,knott's ,pop-corn ,gasoline ,stove ,stock ,no4 #aac-c ,knott's ,pop-corn ,gas ,stove with ,electric blower ,the ,knott ,pop-corn ,stove is made to be used especially with the ,knott ,pop-corn ,kettle 7,stock ,no4 #bjjd-b7 which fits into just the right position so that the fire may boil the syrup for a batch in a few minutes4 ,these stoves are made so that if you want the other fuel burner you can get it from us and put it in by the aid of a screw-driver4 ,read the directions under ,pop-corn ,popper for generating the gasoline burners and follow them in using gasoline stoves4 ,the gas stove burner you can regulate for air supply and for gas4 ,this burner is a special one which we recommend because the heat is drawn to the center in a revolving shape like a whirlwind1 concentrating the heat on the bottom of the kettle where you want it4 ,the ,electric ,blower ,stove gives a much hotter fire and the cost of running it is small4 ,knott's ,pop-,corn ,kettle ,illustration3 ,stock ,no4 #bjjd-b ,copper kettle1 #ai inches in diameter by #ag inches deep1 with single grip handles4 ,special sizes4 ,if you want them tell us4 ,made light for lifting1 but especially strong and durable to stand the stirring of pop-corn4 ,weight about #ad pounds4 ,knott's kettle is the right one to use for all around factory pop-corn work4 ,it is the style used in the pop-corn factories of ,new ,england1 because they find this method requires the least labor and because it uses less candy to cover the corn4 ,it enables you to cook the candy higher than other methods and thus increases the keeping quality of the pop-corn confection4 ,you boil your syrup in this kettle4 ,because you are boiling for each batch less than a gallon of stock1 it is not convenient when working fast to use a thermometer4 ,pop-corn makers use one of four tests1 according to their experience in the business4 #a4--,the so-called 8water test10 half a teaspoonful of syrup dropped in cold water4 #b4--,the test by the color of the syrup4 #c4--,the test by how it leaves the paddle when scooped up on it4 ,it will string off or come off in lumps1 so-called 8ragging off the paddle40 #d4--;,a test by the steam or smoke which rises from the kettle4 ,you are advised to get a confectioner's thermometer and make the other tests at the same time you use the thermometer1 doing it with syrup over a slow fire and in that way learn how the syrup you finally determine to use will act at the temperature you require4 ,practical experience is the one way to learn4 ,do not expect to make a good batch the first time nor the third time1 but you need have no discouragement if you have not reached perfect results on your twelfth batch4 ,in beginning1 you are likely to cook candy too high to be easily worked into shape4 ,efficient pop-corn making is not to be learned very easily2 it comes with practice4 ,when you are running on one kind of pop-corn as a specialty so that you want to get out one batch after another as fast as possible1 it is well to use two fires and two kettles4 ,one kettle with syrup may be warming up while you are boiling the other4 ,you will find it well to use a cover on your kettle1 part of the time1 one of ,stock ,no4 #bjje-a1 or one that you can make yourself out of thin wood4 ,the object is to let the condensing steam run down and thus clean the sides of the kettle4 ,copper or wood covers are best1 an iron cover rusts out quickly4 ,stock ,no4 #bjje-a ,copper ,steaming ,cover for kettle ,stock ,no4 #bjje-b ,nickeled ,copper ,steaming ,cover for kettle ,these covers will last you a long time because they are of heavy material and handle riveted with copper rivets4 ,,stirring ,,stand ,take the kettle off of the fire and set it in your stirring stand4 ,the stirring stand may be made of a band of iron supported on three or four angle iron legs1 or you can cut off a barrel to fit your height and use that as a stirring stand4 ,put some stones or sand in the bottom to steady it4 ,stirring pop-corn is not as easy as it looks4 ,a beginner's courage is tested sometimes by giving him a batch to stir in which there is no grease4 ,he makes no start at all4 ,again he may be tried on a wintergreen-flavored batch with an extra dose of flavor4 ,his eyes run so with water that usually he does not finish the batch4 ,try this plan3 ,put the corn in the kettle1 then with your left hand on the middle of the paddle 7,stock ,no4 #bjjf-a7 and your right hand over the end1 make strokes down against the side of the kettle and up through the middle of the batch1 at the same time walking around the kettle4 ,efficient stirring will come with practice4 ,stir the pop-corn quickly1 but have the batch light1 not soggy4 ,,machine ,,mixing ,,of ,,pop-,,corn ,,and ,,candy ,the use of the ,knott ,pop-,corn ,mixing ,machine has been well considered and yet the mechanical mixing of pop-corn cannot be emphasized too much4 ,many failures in the pop-corn confection business are due to poor mixing4 ,soggy confection1 8hot spot10 that is spots in the confection where there is much more candy than anywhere else4 ,uneven appearance and texture to the confection1 due to slow mixing4 ,see that you make the best1 and only by using ,knott's ,pop-,corn ,mixing ,machine can the best be made4 ,you must realize that a dough mixer is not a cake mixer1 is not an egg beater1 is not a concrete mixer1 is not a pop-corn mixer4 ,you know the materials are not alike and the result wanted in each case is different4 ,you see why you should use a machine specially developed for pop-corn1 to distribute the hot syrup quickly and evenly over the pop-corn and give a light fluffy mixture4 ,knott's ,pop-,corn ,mixing ,machine is made specially for ,pop-corn1 to give the result you want4 ,use this method for quality and economy4 ,mix your ,pop-corn in the hot kettle1 in which you have just boiled your syrup1 and use ,knott's ,pop-corn ,mixing ,machine4 ,you mix all kinds of pop-corn on this machine better than it can be done any other way4 ,whole pop-corn is mixed without breaking the kernels4 ,goods are mixed up light1 fluffy1 thoroughly1 evenly4 ,you distribute the syrup so quickly over the pop-corn that you can cook it higher4 ,the goods eat better4 ,economy4 ,you do away with hand mixing entirely4 ,make more goods with less labor4 ,not so many containers4 ,the cook makes no difference4 ,you get more cakes from the same batch2 that is1 you save in any case more than fourteen per cent4 on your bills for material4 ,stirs a bushel of pop-corn without throwing any out of the kettle4 ,mixes different kinds of batches without any change of adjustment of either paddles or speed4 ,nothing to wear the kettles4 ,so quickly is the syrup distributed that it takes less syrup to cover the pop-corn4 ,illustration3 ,patented ,nov4 #d1 #aiai1 ,no4 #acbjgff ,stock ,no4 #aad-b ,,knott',s ,,pop-,,corn ,,stirring ,,or ,,mixing ,,machine ,,capacity ,one bushel ----------------------------------- ,,power ,h4,p4 ----------------------------------- ,,speed ,pulley #ejj ,r4,p4,m4 ,paddle #abe ,r4,p4,m4 ----------------------------------- ,,belt #b ,belt #g dia4 ,pulley ----------------------------------- #i ft4 of ,head ,room ,,measurement #bd wide #dc deep ----------------------------------- ,,weight #gjj lbs4 net #hjj lbs4 crated ----------------------------------- ,stock ,no4 #aad-a4 ,knott's ,pop-corn ,mixing ,machine with two ,stock ,no4 #bjjd-b ,kettles ,stock ,no4 #aad-b4 ,knott's ,pop-corn ,mixing ,machine with motor attached1 with two ,stock ,no4 #bjjd-b ,kettles ,,dumping ,,batch ,illustration3 ,showing the easy way ,in regard to swinging the kettle to dump the batch4 ,pop-corn kettle 7,stock ,no4 #bjjd-b7 is not heavy1 weighing but fourteen and one-half pounds1 and with the pop-corn batch in it1 it weighs but a few pounds more4 ,the kettle is swung away from the face thus3 take hold of the two handles1 swing the kettle underneath from left to right1 upward1 still keeping the left hand away from yourself and the right hand near you1 until the kettle is more than half-way up4 ,then hold the two handles the same distance away from you4 ,that rotates the kettle upon its center axis while you are swinging up the rest of the way to the top position1 at which you stop to dump the batch4 ,you will notice by this motion that the kettle bottom comes nowhere near your face4 ,during the swinging you are moving the kettle so that when you stop the batch falls out right upon the bench or machine just where you want it4 ,the first two or three times you try this feat1 all the pop-corn may not go where you want it1 but after that you will have no difficulty4 ,,pans4 ,,stock ,no4 #bjjg-a ,you see1 in making square corn cakes1 bricks or bars1 there are three operations3 panning1 pressing and cutting2 each quickly performed1 but the tools used must be right in detail in their dimensions or the greatest difficulty will be experienced1 even to the point that you will not be able to make the goods at all4 ,the kettle of pop-corn1 all stirred1 yet hot1 is dumped into the pans arranged together on the bench4 ,you pan the corn evenly and quickly by hand4 ,now turn each pan of corn upside down on the bench4 ,take off the pan and slip it under the pop-corn4 ,the pop-corn is then in the pan bottom-side up so as to present a more even surface to the pressing plate in the press4 ,stock ,no4 #bjjg-a pans are the right size for you to pan the corn1 by moving your two hands toward you across the pan1 with a side motion of your wrists1 leaving an even pan of corn and taking to the next pan whatever surplus comes over in your hands4 ,this is certainly the quickest pan to use4 ,these pans are made from heavy galvanized sheet steel with heavy wired rim4 ,the clearance of the sides is right4 ,this is the pan that will stand considerable usage4 ,illustration3 ,stock ,no4 #bjjg-a ,,knott',s ,,pop-,,corn ,,pans ,stock ,no4 #bjjg-a ,measurement inside on bottom1 #af inches by #i inches1 ,pop-corn ,pan ,stock ,no4 #bjjg-b #ab inches by #ah inches1 ,pop-corn ,pan ,special sizes at your request4 ,illustration3 ,,crispette ,,wrapping ,,form4 ,,stock ,no4 #bjah-a ,place a paper wrapper across the top of the form and put the crispettes1 four1 five or six1 in the paper into the form4 ,bring the paper together over the corn1 fold it a couple of times1 then tuck down the ends1 fold them in and crease the bottom to hold them4 ,see illustration in colors4 ,illustration3 ,,crispette ,,or ,,round ,,cake ,,moulds ,,for ,,hand ,,press ,arrange moulds side by side on bench1 dump your mixed batch on the moulds1 fill the moulds with the corn4 ,slide moulds under the press4 ,the number of moulds used for each batch is determined by the space you have to work in and the quantity you want to make4 ,stock ,no4 #bjjb-c ,crispette ,round ,cake ,moulds and ,plunger for hand press ,,knott',s ,,pop-,,corn ,,hand ,,press ,illustration3 ,stock ,no4 #aaj-b with screws for fastening to the bench1 and plate for pan work ,this hand press is rugged1 simple and efficient4 ,you bolt it to a bench with the arch twenty inches from the front edge of the bench4 ,slip in the plate for pan work1 and fasten it in place by means of cap screw4 ,slide a pan under and screw down plate into pan4 ,this locates the pan so that you can bring against it the three guides1 two sides and back2 tighten them in place so that you can slide the pan in between them and bring the press down without danger of the plate coming down on the edge of pan4 ,do not press your pop-corn too solid2 it does not eat as well and takes more stock per box4 ,put the three sets of round cake plungers on the press cross-bar1 locating them by putting the mould plate under the press and fastening them by tightening the cap screws4 ,adjust and clamp the guides each side and at the back of mould plate1 so that when you fill it you can slide it in and bring the plungers down without their striking on the edges4 ,you may put a block under each end of the press cross-bar against the inside of the arch as a stop to regulate the thickness of your cakes4 ,three plunger castings are made with small cap screws to fasten them on top of the bench4 ,use them to push the cakes out of the mould plate1 by pushing this plate down over them4 ,,knott',s ,,pop-,,corn ,,power ,,press ,illustration3 ,stock ,no4 #aaj-a ,knott's ,pop-,corn ,press4 ,the press that does not hesitate4 ,,pulley #g inches ------------------------------ ,,belt #b-;inch flat ------------------------------ ,,speed #ejj ,r4,p4,m4 ------------------------------ ,,power ,h4,p4 ------------------------------ ,,weight #cej lbs4 ------------------------------ ,you will find this press is durable and easily operated4 ,it is adjustable as to thickness of cake from zero inches to two inches4 ,the press is started and stopped by the treadle on the floor2 putting down your foot starts the press1 lifting your foot stops it4 ,a positive lock is arranged so that when the treadle is released the machine locks against operation1 preventing accidents4 ,power press may be driven by our motor 7,stock ,no4 #bjaf-ac1 ,no4 #bjaf-ad1 ,no4 #bjaf-ae1 or ,no4 #bjaf-af47 ,speed1 twenty-five strokes per minute4 ,capacity4 ,it will take our #af #i-;inch or #ah #ab-;inch pans of pop-corn and press the corn without hesitating4 ,stock ,no4 #aaj ,power ,press with foot trip1 one plate #af #i inches1 and adjustable guides ,stock ,no4 #bjjb-a ,plate for 8,two-fers10 #ab #ah inches1 with fins to cut pan of corn into #ef pieces4 ,made of special non-sticking metal ,stock ,no4 #bjjb-b ,press casting for holding 8,two-fers0 plate or ,pressing ,pans #ab #ah ,illustration3 ,stock ,no4 #bjjh-a ,,knott',s ,,pop-,,corn ,,cutting ,,rack ,these are the very best style of hand cutting rack you can use1 made of maple4 ,nickel-plated handle on straight edge4 ,this rack is made to stay in shape and give long service4 ,stock ,no4 #bjjh-a ,rack1 to match pan #af inches by #i inches for cutting package corn ,special racks for bars1 squares1 etc4 ,prices at your request4 ,on the bench1 about two feet to the right of the press1 fasten a board two feet long to the edge1 letting it project an inch above the bench4 ,place your cutting rack frame against this board on the bench with the bottom board in it and the end toward you4 ,take the pan of pressed corn1 and turn it upside down on the bench between the press and this cutting rack4 ,a sharp rap will drop the corn out of the pan4 ,lift this sheet of corn1 put the back end into the cutting rack1 bend the sheet into a bow shape so that the front end will go into the rack4 ,then press down the center4 ,hold the straight edge by the handle in the left hand and draw quickly a well sharpened knife 7,stock ,no4 #bjji-a7 toward you along the straight edge to make the cut1 passing it through the slots in the sides of the rack4 ,to cut the other way1 turn the rack around4 ,to remove the pop-corn from the rack1 lift up the rack frame1 leaving the bottom board4 ,the corn will fit tight enough to be lifted with the frame4 ,set the frame down on the bench to the right4 ,place your right hand on the pop-corn and lift off the rack with your left hand4 ,,knott',s ,,pop-,,corn ,,brick ,,and ,,bar ,,cutting ,,machine ,illustration3 ,stock ,no4 #aaa ,illustration3 ,,transfer ,,rack ,,stock ,no4 #bjbb-a ,showing cutting rack with transfer rack on it and showing transfer rack separate ,stock ,no4 #aaa-a ,knott's ,pop-,corn ,brick and ,bar ,cutting ,machine for #af #i-;inch pans with one cutting rack ,stock ,no4 #bjag-a ,extra ,rack for cutting #ai #i-;inch pans of pop-corn ,stock ,no4 #bjbb-a ,transfer ,rack for cutting machine ,special ,cutting ,racks for cutting #af #i-;inch pans into any size cakes made to order4 ,this gives the pop-corn brick finished for wrapping1 five cakes of different flavors all cut together1 making a much better package than hand cutting4 ,cuts five sheets in the time it takes to cut one by hand4 ,pushes five sheets out of rack in one-eighth time that it takes to push five sheets out of hand cutting rack and register one on top of the other for bricks4 ,does away with the hand tiring work of cutting with a knife4 ,cut your corn with machine accuracy4 ,save seventy-five per cent4 of your cutting labor4 ,increase output per day of pop-corn bricks one hundred per cent4 ,drive this by belting from overhead or from motor under the bench4 ,made with tight and loose pulleys and belt shipper4 ,,measurements #fc in4 #bg in4 plus overhang of #ah in4 -------------------------------------- ,,pulley #ab in4 -------------------------------------- ,,belt #b in4 flat -------------------------------------- ,,speed #ejj ,r4,p4,m4 -------------------------------------- ,,power #a ,h4,p4 -------------------------------------- ,,weight #dej lbs4 -------------------------------------- ,in the making of assorted flavor bricks of pop-corn1 you run five batches and fill five pans out of each batch4 ,first batch1 white1 vanilla flavor4 ,second batch1 molasses4 ,third batch1 chocolate4 ,fourth batch1 molasses4 ,fifth batch1 pink with wintergreen flavor4 ,you use five transfer racks and put them in a row on the bench4 ,turn a pressed pan of corn right from the press upside down on the table to get out the sheet of corn2 take the sheet of corn and put it in the transfer rack by putting the back end down first1 bend sheet in the middle1 put the front end down and then press down the middle4 ,you have five sheets1 or pans from a batch2 put one in each transfer rack4 ,do the same with each of the five batches4 ,sheets being made each one inch thick1 the transfer racks will be just filled4 ,place a full transfer rack of pop-corn in place on the cutting rack and push the pop-corn down into the cutting rack4 ,remove the transfer rack4 ,now run the full cutting rack of pop-corn under the knife in the cutting machine4 ,the push-out stand should be placed conveniently on the bench1 so that you put the cutting rack of cut pop-corn on this push-out stand4 ,as the rack goes down over the stand1 the bottom board goes up with the corn on it1 so it may be lifted off and the corn slid off onto the packing table4 ,,two ,,way ,,cutting ,,machine ,illustration3 ,stock ,no4 #aae ,in the manufacture of penny-pop-corn1 it is good to cut them one sheet at a time1 then when the goods have become cold pack them4 ,it is necessary to cut them while warm4 ,when the sheets are piled up and cut together as in the ,brick and ,bar cutting machine1 ,stock ,no4 #aaa1 they stick together and in the case of the assorted brick1 that is just what is wanted4 ,when cutting penny goods1 the cakes are wanted separated4 ,this machine cuts one sheet at a time1 but at many times the speed of hand cutting4 ,the sheet is put in the rack and passed through one way1 cutting the corn in strips1 then the rack is turned and passed through the second part of the machine1 which completes the cutting by severing the strips into blocks4 ,you arrange this machine on your bench in the position as above in the picture4 ,it is best to drive it from a motor on the bench by a chain1 but it may be driven from a shaft overhead by belt4 ,,measurements #dh #hj -------------------------------------- ,,pulley #e -------------------------------------- ,,belt #b -------------------------------------- ,,speed #ejj ,r4,p4,m4 -------------------------------------- ,,power #a #a ,h4,p4 -------------------------------------- ,,weight #bjj lbs4 -------------------------------------- ,machine complete with #e racks as shown1 may be made to handle sheets of corn #ab inches #ah inches1 ,stock ,no4 #bjjg-b #ab-;inch pans1 and cut the corn #b1 #c1 #d1 #e or #f divisions on the #ab-;inch side and #b1 #c1 #d1 #e1 #f1 #g or #h divisions on the #ah-;inch side4 ,you see a large variety of sizes are possible by having racks for each4 ,the machine may be made to cut #i #af sheets1 pan #bjjg-a4 ,stock ,no4 #aae-a ,knott's ,two ,way ,cutting ,machine1 with two #a ,h4,p4 motors1 one to drive each set of knives ,stock ,no4 #aae-b ,knott's ,two ,way ,cutting ,machine1 with countershafts for belt drive ,,self-,,filling ,,corn ,,cake ,,machine ,illustration3 ,s4 ,f4 #c ,machine ,making ,crispettes ,driven by one-horse motor1 then no belt is in the way4 ,s4 ,f4 #c ,machine makes three crispettes at a stroke1 #ej strokes per minute1 #aej cakes per minute1 #b #e-af inch diameter cakes with the thickness of cake adjustable4 ,s4 ,f4 #f ,machine makes six crispettes at a stroke1 #ej strokes per minute1 #cjj cakes per minute1 #b #e-af inch diameter cakes with the thickness of cake adjustable4 ,specify what electricity your motor should be and how long you want the conveyor4 #bj feet is good length4 ,you see at last we have a machine that will make the mixed corn into cakes faster than you can get the batches to it4 ,no longer need you blister your hands filling corn into moulds and make your cakes too solid1 or have the batch get cold before all are moulded4 ,as the name says1 this machine is a 8self filling0 machine4 ,you simply place the freshly mixed corn in the hopper on the feed rolls and the machine lays the finished cakes on the conveyor4 ,not alone is this machine making in many places the round whole corn fritters1 but it works well on ground pop-corn4 ,it is made up special for cakes of square and oblong shape4 ,it is also used in putting out strips of corn marked to be broken into penny pieces4 ,in fact new applications of this machine are being found constantly4 ,even a ball of pop-corn is one of the products this machine can be made to produce4 ,with this automatic means of moulding corn1 you can now make at a profit small and thin cakes of corn that could not be made by hand4 ,,brittle ,,bitts ,illustration3 ,the ,dainty ,pop-,corn ,confection ,vanilla ,brittle ,bitts ,chocolate ,brittle ,bitts ,wintergreen ,brittle ,bitts ,molasses ,brittle ,bitts ,orange ,brittle ,bitts ,lime ,brittle ,bitts ,sassafras ,brittle ,bitts ,illustration3 ,moulds for ,making ,brittle ,bitts ,stock ,no4 #bjjg-c ,pans for ,brittle ,bitts ,stock ,no4 #bjjb-d ,pressing ,plate for ,brittle ,bitts ,special ,racks for cutting ,brittle ,bitts ,,you make ,brittle ,bitts ,use formula ,no4 #e on page #ea of ,knott's ,pop-,corn ,book for the syrup in your stock tank4 ,to make a batch to fill five pans1 ,stock ,no4 #bjjg-a for half round shape1 try #a quarts stock and peck of ,ground ,pop-,corn1 then vary the proportions the next time to suit you4 ,to make a batch to fill five pans ,stock ,no4 #bjjg-c for round shape1 try #b quarts stock and #a pecks of ,ground ,pop-,corn1 then vary the proportions the next time to suit you4 ,each pressed sheet of ,brittle ,bitts is #i inches wide by #af inches long and composed of #ab sticks #af inches long4 ,you may cut them into any length that will divide into #af inches without waste4 ,thus1 you cut #af pieces #a inch long1 or #d pieces #d inches long4 ,you can break them apart so as to have each cake made up of two sticks1 three sticks or four sticks without waste4 ,the mechanical handling of sheet ,pop-,corn is well described elsewhere in ,knott's ,pop-,corn ,book4 ,popping1 ,page #f2 ,sifting1 ,page #bj2 ,grinding1 ,page #ba2 ,boiling1 ,page #dh2 ,mixing1 ,page #bh2 ,panning1 ,page #cj2 ,pressing1 ,page #cd2 ,cutting1 ,page #cd4 ,look at index1 ,page #fj4 ,you ,sell ,brittle ,bitts ,put up in quarters1 halves1 pound boxes4 ,put up in glass front boxes same as crackers4 ,pack in #aj-pound boxes same as crackers4 ,price #ej cents per pound4 ,you ,display a ,placard ,,brittle ,,bitts ,take home a pound to eat with your apple sauce4 ,eat ,brittle ,bitts with ice-cream4 ,take ,brittle ,bitts as a lunch on an outing4 ,munch ,brittle ,bitts while you read the evening paper4 ,eat ,molasses ,brittle ,bitts with milk for breakfast4 ,illustration3 ,stock ,no4 #bjai-a ,knott's ,counter-high ,buttered ,pop-,corn ,tank ,water jacketed1 gas burner1 galvanized sheet steel ,retail business where buttered pop-corn is sold fast must handle the making in the way to produce the best buttered pop-corn at the lowest price for materials4 ,make by recipe on page #di4 ,mix on ,knott's ,pop-corn ,mixing ,machine and sell from the buttered corn tank where the buttered corn is kept hot by the hot water jacket4 ,from the time the kettle comes off of the fire to the time the corn is buttered ready for customers1 is twelve 7#ab7 seconds4 ,that is why this method makes the best1 every kernel of pop-corn has a drop of butter on it4 ,delicious1 why1 you cannot refuse coming back for more4 ,illustration3 ,stock ,no4 #bjjf-a ,stock ,no4 #bjjf-a ,knott's ,pop-corn ,stirring ,paddle1 #cf inches long ,this paddle is turned and finished from one piece of stock of straight and close grain4 ,made to our special design1 you will find it will take less strokes to mix your batch than is possible with any other4 ,illustration3 ,stock ,no4 #bjji-a ,stock ,no4 #bjji-a ,knott's ,pop-corn ,knife ,this is the knife to use with racks 7,stock ,no4 #bjjh-a7 for cutting the corn into ,bricks1 ,bars1 etc4 ,it is a quality product4 ,hand forged from the best grade of cast steel1 hand ground and carefully tempered4 ,illustration3 ,motor ,stock ,no4 #bjaf-g ,individual ,motor ,drive is the most flexible and economical method of driving pop-corn machines4 ,no shafting1 no belts1 no dirt or grease4 ,we have found by experience that this type of motor can be relied on at all times4 ,cheaper motors may be bought1 but they are not cheap to run4 ,here are the motors you should have3 ,stock ,no4 #bjaf-a ,h4,p4 #agjj ,r4,p4,m4 #aae v4 ,d4,c4 ,stock ,no4 #bjaf-b ,h4,p4 #agjj ,r4,p4,m4 #bcj v4 ,d4,c4 ,stock ,no4 #bjaf-c ,h4,p4 #agjj ,r4,p4,m4 #aae v4 ,d4,c4 ,stock ,no4 #bjaf-d ,h4,p4 #agjj ,r4,p4,m4 #bcj v4 ,d4,c4 ,stock ,no4 #bjaf-e ,h4,p4 #agjj ,r4,p4,m4 #aae v4 ,d4,c4 ,stock ,no4 #bjaf-f ,h4,p4 #agjj ,r4,p4,m4 #bcj v4 ,d4,c4 ,stock ,no4 #bjaf-ac #a ,h4,p4 #agjj ,r4,p4,m4 #aae v4 ,d4,c4 ,stock ,no4 #bjaf-ad #a ,h4,p4 #agjj ,r4,p4,m4 #bcj v4 ,d4,c4 ,stock ,no4 #bjaf-g ,h4,p4 #ahjj ,r4,p4,m4 #aaj v4 #fj cy4 #a phase ,a4,c4 ,stock ,no4 #bjaf-h ,h4,p4 #ahjj ,r4,p4,m4 #bbj v4 #fj cy4 #a phase ,a4,c4 ,stock ,no4 #bjaf-i ,h4,p4 #ahjj ,r4,p4,m4 #aaj v4 #fj cy4 #a phase ,a4,c4 ,stock ,no4 #bjaf-aj ,h4,p4 #ahjj ,r4,p4,m4 #bbj v4 #fj cy4 #a phase ,a4,c4 ,stock ,no4 #bjaf-aa ,h4,p4 #ahjj ,r4,p4,m4 #aaj v4 #fj cy4 #a phase ,a4,c4 ,stock ,no4 #bjaf-ab ,h4,p4 #ahjj ,r4,p4,m4 #bbj v4 #fj cy4 #a phase ,a4,c4 ,stock ,no4 #bjaf-ae #a ,h4,p4 #ahjj ,r4,p4,m4 #aaj v4 #fj cy4 #a phase ,a4,c4 ,stock ,no4 #bjaf-af #a ,h4,p4 #ahjj ,r4,p4,m4 #bbj v4 #fj cy4 #a phase ,a4,c4 ,also three phase ,motors ,,chapter ,,iv ,,raw ,,materials ,,measure your raw materials accurately for every batch4 ,have your color1 flavor1 salt1 butter1 etc41 put up in bottles or wax paper1 the measured quantity for each batch1 and thus maintain uniform quality4 ,buy these of a ,confectioners' ,supply ,house4 ,pop-,corn4--,use only the best1 for in the end that is cheapest at any cost4 ,that does not mean that you must pay high prices1 nor that high prices assure the best quality4 ,you must judge the quality of the goods by testing them4 ,write the ,e4 ,r4 ,knott ,machine ,company for a list of ,pop-corn dealers4 ,use the best of ,white ,rice ,pop-,corn4 ,secure samples from the dealers and test them in your popper for quality in size of popped kernels1 for quantity popped from a scoopful1 for length of time it takes to pop1 for the amount of waste or unpopped kernels4 ,pop-corn of one year's crop should not be used before the next ,june and pop-corn from that crop should be used up by the following ,june4 ,the corn maintains its popping quality best by being kept on the cob1 so that corn ought not to be shelled long before it is popped4 ,pop the day's supply of corn the same day you intend to use it4 ,use the best4 ,keep your barrels covered and clean4 ,corn ,syrup is used not only because it is cheaper than sugar but principally to prevent the candy from graining4 ,the amount of dextrine in it will have a direct effect upon the graining results4 ,corn syrup varies in the amount of dextrine it contains1 ranging from zero per cent4 to forty per cent4 ,twenty-five per cent4 at least is required in corn syrup in order to use it with sugar and stop graining1 that is1 to prevent the syrup from turning back to sugar4 ,too great a proportion of corn syrup will cause the candy to be tough4 ,for various kinds of goods and for the same goods in different seasons and climates you will vary the proportion of corn syrup4 ,you must experiment with the materials that you have available1 but you may take this as a basis to start from3 seventy-five per cent4 of sugar and twenty-five per cent4 or less of corn syrup4 ,this will grain and not be sticky or tough1 and you may use water on your tools to prevent sticking4 ,seventy-five per cent4 of sugar and twenty-five per cent4 or more of corn syrup will not grain4 ,wet your hand before picking up corn syrup so that it will not stick4 ,this method works well in cold weather1 but in warm weather use a dipper or let the corn syrup run out of the barrel4 ,butter and ,substitutes4 ,nothing will spoil the quality of your goods so quickly as a low quality of butter4 ,exercise great care to see that the butter is fresh1 pure and sweet4 ,put the butter into your candy in the kettle with your syrup4 ,there are substitutes for butter that may be used in some goods with good results1 but be careful1 for the keeping quality of the goods is important1 as well as the taste when freshly made4 ,many a business has been a failure because quality was neglected4 ,quality means freshness1 appearance1 keeping value1 wholesomeness1 and the power to stand heat or cold4 ,salt4 ,some brands of salt create chemical action and the result is poor goods4 ,do not use any low-grade salt4 ,use salt every batch4 ,most candy and pop-corn makers do not use enough salt4 ,molasses4 ,different grades of molasses will give different flavors to the product4 8,new ,orleans0 is good4 ,after once adopting a grade be sure to hold to it and not disturb your trade by radically changing the flavor of your goods4 ,molasses is graded by its sugar content4 ,water4 ,this does not receive the attention which it should4 ,you know that the chemical analysis of water from two local situations1 not to mention water from distant points1 often varies widely4 ,therefore1 water certainly has considerable to do with the quality of your candy4 ,some manufacturers do not use water in their recipes because they say it all has to be boiled out and that the chemical action is not good4 ,cream of ,tartar4 ,cream of tartar is used to prevent the sugar returning to sugar or graining1 as it is called4 ,a cream of tartar killed batch is short and dry4 ,soda4 ,soda used with molasses makes the candy a lighter color by generating gas1 which expands it4 ,colors and ,flavors4 ,the pure food law requirements must be followed and you can secure from your supply dealer the right articles4 ,color4 ,you may add your coloring to the batch in the kettle on the fire4 ,put up in measured amounts beforehand just what you want to use in your batches1 then all batches will be alike4 ,flavor4 ,use the best4 ,by putting it into small bottles1 each containing enough for a batch1 your goods will all be alike4 ,raisins4 ,there are several styles of raisins to be had2 seeded and seedless1 and of course1 several brands of each4 ,don't consider using raisins with seeds in them1 as these will not please your trade4 ,try the different kinds to be found in your local market4 ,not enough raisins is better than too many4 ,nuts4 ,peanuts are to be preferred to other kinds of nuts for mixing with pop-corn4 ,use the small1 well-cleaned1 roasted entire nuts with whole or medium ground pop-corn4 ,the small quantity of nuts will make the separate pieces stand out and one poor nut spoils the appearance of the cake and box4 ,a bad nut will make a customer refuse your brand4 ,peanuts broken up or ground to the size of half a pea is suggested as one good way to use them4 ,cocoanut4 ,care must be exercised in the purchase of cocoanut to see that you are getting quality4 ,cocoanut may be had either grated1 shredded1 thread and sliced4 ,chocolate4 ,use the bitter cake-chocolate and cut it up into small pieces4 ,paper4 ,crispette wrapping paper is eleven inches long by twelve inches wide4 ,the best paper we know of for this purpose is a forty pound manila wax paper1 seventy sheets to the pound4 ,have it printed at the mill before it is waxed1 otherwise the printing will fade1 or rub off4 ,a good method is to use a large type label to put inside to show through the plain waxed paper4 ,bricks are wrapped in wax paper1 size #i #ab inches wide1 and then a blue paper band with your name upon it is put around to hold the wax paper in place4 ,the wax paper weighs one hundred and twenty-eight sheets to the pound4 ,bars are wrapped in wax paper measuring #g #af inches4 ,one hundred and ninety sheets to the pound4 ,layer paper1 to be put into the boxes between unwrapped pop-corn1 may be had4 ,grade forty pound manila comes in sheets #bd #cf inches1 or cut to the size you want4 ,twelve sheets #bd #cf inches weigh one pound4 ,write ,e4 ,r4 ,knott ,machine ,co4 for a list of ,wax ,paper ,makers4 ,boxes4 ,the size of your box must be determined by what you want to put in it4 ,penny goods are packed #ej1 #gb1 #ajj1 #add1 etc41 in a box2 five-cent package goods #bj1 #bd1 #ej1 #ajj in a box4 ,buy your boxes of some local supply4 ,if that is not possible1 buy your boxes flat from the nearest convenient maker and use a ,corner ,box ,stitcher to put them together4 ,boxes take up less storage space4 ,you make them up as you need them4 ,boxes are stronger4 ,other pop-corn manufacturers find this the best way1 so you should investigate the method4 ,tin ,cans4 ,cans1 with covers to keep out moisture or the cover put on with a piece of wax paper under it1 to exclude moisture1 may be used to good advantage by a retailer to protect his stock or by the manufacturer in order to insure the keeping qualities of his corn in the retailer's hands4 ,cases4 ,cases for shipping boxes of pop-corn may be made of corrugated paper or fiber board4 ,use that which is the cheaper in your own locality4 ,crates made of wood may be the best method for your shipping4 ,put #aj1 #ab1 #bj or #bd boxes in a case or crate4 ,illustration3 ,stock ,no4 #bjjc-c ,popper ,,chapter ,v ,,recipes ,,and ,,formulas ,,pop-,,corn must form the base of the confection2 it is not a material that can be added to a confection with any improving result4 ,the public when it buys a nut bar1 wants a nut bar1 and when it buys a pop-corn bar1 wants a pop-corn bar1 and not a bar made up half and half4 ,in the use of cocoanut1 raisins1 or nuts in pop-corn1 let the quantity of these be very small in proportion to the pop-corn4 ,sell your partly popped and unpopped kernels for chicken or pig feed at one cent a pound4 ,do not harm your confectionery business by trying to use them in that4 ,you can grind that product in your mill 7,stock ,no4 #bjja7 as fine as coffee4 ,sell it as a breakfast food to be served with cream and sugar or to be cooked and served like oatmeal4 ,it will take more power to grind it than it takes to grind pop-corn1 so do not expect your popper motor to do it4 ,an excellent breakfast dish is made by putting a little milk upon a molasses fine pop-corn cake4 ,try it4 ,grind sifted pop-corn to make your fine corn cakes1 not the siftings4 ,if you desire to put up an extra fine grade of buttered pop-corn1 or pop-corn brittle1 you may use a wire screen size one and one-third to the inch and separate the largest popped kernels for these high-grade goods4 ,you will find that a small amount of cocoanut will add to the quality of pop-corn when made up in vanilla or molasses syrup in the form of brittle or cakes4 ,ground1 shredded1 thread or flaked cocoanut may be used to increase variety and please various trade4 ,in fact1 all three styles of cocoanut added to one style of pop-corn is a good thing4 ,the use of cocoanut in winter and in summer and its use in pop-corn in different climates with the risk of its becoming rancid are to be considered4 ,fresh cocoanut will make a better tasting piece of confection1 for it gives a flavor all its own4 ,you must cut it up1 grate it and use it in your confection on the same day in order to insure the quality of your goods4 ,if the cocoanut is enclosed in a coating of the candy it will keep as well as the pop-corn4 ,dried cocoanut will not become rancid1 and will add to the quality of your confection4 ,you need not be afraid of its becoming rancid when you do not get it completely incased with candy4 ,as to whether the cocoanut is ground1 shredded or flaked1 makes no difference as far as its use is concerned1 but it gives a different flavor and appearance to the confection4 ,butter should be cooked into the candy to get the best results4 ,use a heaping tablespoonful of cream of tartar to ten pounds of sugar to stop graining when you use no corn syrup4 ,cook it in the candy4 ,a little ,konut cooked in the candy for coating whole pop-corn makes it stir more easily4 ,use half as much as the recipe calls for butter4 ,boiling or ,cooking ,syrup4 ,this is the most important operation4 ,if you do it wrong nothing done afterwards can correct it4 ,boiling is to take out the water from your syrup4 ,the proportions of ingredients will affect the amount of boiling required4 ,the higher the altitude at which the boiling is done the lower is the degree required to boil it1 and the degree will vary to which the candy must be cooked to have it harden in cold water4 ,you must cook your syrup higher in summer than in winter to attain the same keeping qualities4 ,sometimes it is advisable1 especially in warm weather1 to cook your syrup high and then add molasses1 which will set it back4 ,then boil to your test4 ,cooking your candy high may prevent you having time before it hardens to get it well spread over the corn4 ,at the same time you must carry the various operations through as fast as possible so you may be able to use high cooked candy4 ,any time you let a batch cook too high you can set it back by adding a little syrup or water4 ,the degree of cooking alone does not regulate the keeping4 ,the proportion of the materials also has to do with the keeping qualities4 ,if you are using too small a proportion of corn syrup to the sugar the resulting candy will turn back to sugar1 that is1 it will grain just the same1 no matter to what degree you cook it1 unless you use cream of tartar4 ,in some kinds of ground pop-corn penny goods1 it is desirable to let the candy grain in order to prevent stickiness4 ,this is attained by the use of a smaller proportion of corn syrup to sugar and by not letting the goods cool off entirely before boxing4 ,boxing while warm induces graining4 ,candied pop-corn that it is intended should grain a little1 may be kept from sticking to the machines and tools by wiping them with a wet rag or sponge4 ,you can easily tell whether to use water or butter when the other will not prevent sticking4 ,grease is used in the candy to give the required elasticity and make it less moisture attracting4 ,the coating of pop-corn with candy is done to keep the pop-corn from absorbing moisture4 ,consequently the candy must be as moisture proof as possible4 ,and each kernel of pop-corn should be entirely enclosed in a candy casing4 ,a recipe containing corn syrup and sugar may be boiled to a higher degree than a recipe with molasses in it4 ,also a clear sugar batch may be boiled to a higher degree than any other4 ,it takes an expert to boil sugar to #cde degrees over an open fire and not burn it4 ,if you use a lot of molasses you cannot boil high enough to prevent sticking and spoiling4 ,use light molasses1 ,new ,orleans molasses4 ,it costs more1 but gives quality4 ,cooking to a high degree dries out the candy so that it attracts moisture more unless other ingredients1 such as grease1 are put in to counteract it4 ,days when the air is heavy with moisture and the weather warm1 it is better not to make candy or make only what you cannot get along without1 for the reason that it becomes sticky so quickly that you cannot wrap it before it is in condition to stick to the paper4 ,you see that you cannot be told just what proportions of materials1 cooked to a certain test1 will result in a candy that will keep in your territory4 ,you must find that out for yourself4 ,this book merely points out the way4 ,,recipes ,when measuring pop-corn for these recipes a peck is a heaping peck measureful4 #a4 ,buttered ,pop-,corn4 ,put one pound of best creamery butter into the pop-corn kettle 7,no4 #bjjd-b7 and set it on the stove4 ,melt and boil the butter4 ,considerable steam will rise from it4 ,when that steam has cleared away1 which will be in a very short time1 the butter is boiled enough4 ,take the kettle off the fire1 set it on top of a barrel1 and stir in a handful of salt4 ,dump two pecks of whole pop-corn into the kettle4 ,mix it by a motion of stirring and lifting the paddle 7,no4 #bjjf-a7 up through it4 ,after thoroughly mixing1 bag from the kettle or put the corn in a water jacketed buttered corn tank 7,no4 #bjai-a7 from which it is sold hot4 ,after a batch or two you can make the proportions to suit your trade4 ,this article should be made fresh and sold retail at five cents for a pound bag holding a pint4 ,use ,knott's ,pop-,corn ,mixing ,machine and put in four pecks of pop-corn to one pound of butter4 ,never sell buttered corn made the day before4 ,it will drive trade away4 #b4 ,sugared ,pop-,corn4 ,this is made in three flavors and put up in seven different styles4 ,it is sold extensively in ,philadelphia and that section of the country4 ,it is generally made in three colors and flavors4 ,chocolate1 white with vanilla flavor1 and pink with wintergreen flavor4 ,other flavors may be made with colors to correspond1 such as orange1 lemon and sassafras4 ,when put into -pound glacine bags to sell for five cents1 or when put into gelatine-covered boxes1 so the corn will be protected but still visible1 you can have it in single flavors or any desired combinations4 ,here is the way to make it3 ,put in your kettle 7,no4 #bjjd-b7 on the stove 7,stock ,no4 #aac7 #be pounds sugar 7#ab quarts71 #b pounds corn syrup 7#a quarts71 #c quarts water4 ,bring to a boil and pour into syrup stock tank 7,stock ,no4 #bjac-a74 ,put in kettle on fire #b quarts syrup and ounce butter4 ,boil until it hardens in cold water2 set kettle on ,mixing ,machine2 add a little vanilla for flavor4 ,dump in one peck of whole pop-corn2 stir until it separates2 add your chocolate or color over the fire and add the flavor after the kettle is set on the stirring stand4 #c4 ,brittle4 ,this may be made in different flavors and colors3 chocolate1 vanilla1 wintergreen1 molasses1 etc4 ,use soda only in molasses brittle4 ,the most common is molasses brittle with cocoanut4 ,place your kettle 7,stock ,no4 #bjjd-b7 on the stove with #dh pounds sugar 7#bd quarts71 #ah pounds corn syrup 7#i quarts71 #b gallons water 7#h quarts71 #a quart molasses4 ,bring to a boil and pour into syrup stock tank 7,stock ,no4 #bjac-a74 ,put in kettle 7,stock ,no4 #bjjd-b7 #c quarts syrup and pound butter and heaping teaspoonful salt4 ,boil #cbj degrees4 ,before entirely cooked put in half a pound of long thread cocoanut4 ,set the kettle on the ,mixing ,machine and stir in a heaping teaspoonful of baking soda4 ,dump in two pecks of whole pop-corn4 ,stir well4 ,dump on table while hot and spread out in open thin style to cool4 ,put up in -pound1 #a-pound bags1 #e-pound1 #aj-pound boxes1 or in barrels4 #d4 ,crispettes or ,molasses ,round ,whole ,pop-,corn ,cakes or ,fritters4 ,recipe ,a4 ,place in your kettle 7,stock ,no4 #bjjd-b7 #dh pounds sugar 7#bd quarts71 #af pounds corn syrup 7#h quarts71 #b handfuls of salt 7 quart71 #b gallons of water 7#h quarts71 #b quarts of molasses4 ,bring to a boil and pour into syrup stock tank 7,stock ,no4 #bjac-a74 ,put in your kettle 7,stock ,no4 #bjjd-b7 #a quart of syrup1 ,konut half size of a hen's egg 7,konut is a butter substitute7 and butter size of a large hen's egg4 ,boil to #cjj degrees4 ,set kettle on ,mixing ,machine4 ,dump in two pecks of whole pop-corn4 ,stir thoroughly4 ,scoop out onto crispette mould and proceed as instructed1 page #ca4 ,recipe ,b4 ,put into the kettle #ah pounds corn syrup 7#i quarts71 #a gallon molasses 7#d quarts71 #a gallon water 7#d quarts71 #d pounds butter1 #d pounds parasub 7a butter substitute71 #aj pounds 8,c0 7a grade of brown7 sugar4 ,bring to a boil4 ,melt in #dj pounds white sugar4 ,pour this in syrup stock tank4 ,letting this syrup stand over night seems to season it so it uses better4 ,put in the kettle #a quart of syrup4 ,boil to #cjj degrees4 ,drop in a tablespoonful of salt just as you take the kettle off the fire4 ,put kettle on ,mixing ,machine4 ,dump in two pecks of whole pop-corn4 ,stir thoroughly4 ,scoop out onto crispette moulds and proceed as instructed1 page #ca4 ,the maker of this recipe claims that cooking the salt in the batch makes the candy sticky4 ,recipe ,c4 7,with soda47 ,put in kettle 7,stock ,no4 #bjjd-b7 #ge pounds 7#cg quarts7 sugar1 #be pounds 7#ab quarts7 corn syrup4 ,bring to a boil and pour into syrup stock tank 7,stock ,no4 #bjac-a47 ,take quarts of stock in kettle on fire4 ,add quart molasses1 pound ,konut1 parasub or other good butter substitute4 ,put in pound butter and a tablespoonful of salt4 ,boil to #bhe degrees4 ,set kettle on ,mixing ,machine and put in pinch of soda4 ,dump in one peck of sifted whole pop-corn4 ,stir thoroughly and quickly4 ,scoop out to fill crispette moulds or dump batch on three pans and proceed as instructed on page #cj4 ,recipe ,d4 7,with cream of tartar47 ,put in kettle 7,stock ,no4 #bjjd-b7 #fj pounds sugar 7#cj quarts71 #b gallons water 7#h quarts74 ,bring to a boil and pour into syrup tank 7,stock ,no4 #bjac-a74 ,put in kettle on fire #a quart stock1 quart molasses1 pound butter1 #a even teaspoonful cream of tartar4 ,boil until hard in cold water4 ,set kettle on ,mixing ,machine4 ,dump in two pecks whole pop-corn4 ,stir thoroughly and quickly2 dump while hot on pans or fill moulds4 #e4 ,whole ,pop-,corn4 ,this may be made up in round sticks1 bars1 bricks1 blocks1 round cakes and balls1 any shape4 ,many flavors and colors may be used4 ,the white pop-corn yields well to using colors to represent various flavors4 ,chocolate is its own color4 ,use pink color with wintergreen flavor1 vanilla with the natural white color of the pop-corn1 molasses is its own color1 orange color with the orange flavor1 etc4 ,these five colors1 each in eight shapes1 give forty varieties of pop-corn packages4 ,use #fj pounds sugar 7#cj quarts71 #dj pounds corn syrup 7#bj quarts71 #b gallons water 7#h quarts74 ,bring to a boil and pour into syrup stock tank 7,stock ,no4 #bjac-a74 ,put in your kettle #a quarts of this stock4 ,the color1 or chocolate1 you may put in the batch on the fire1 the flavor 7wintergreen1 orange1 vanilla1 etc47 you must add to the batch when you take the kettle off the fire1 otherwise the flavor will boil away4 ,add chocolate just before you take kettle off the fire4 ,put in a teaspoonful of salt and a piece of butter size of half an egg4 ,boil to #bhf degrees4 ,take kettle off fire and set on ,mixing ,machine2 add flavor4 ,dump in one peck of sifted whole pop-corn and stir thoroughly4 ,fill crispette moulds or dump on pans and proceed as instructed1 page #cj4 ,remember that a handful of fresh ground flaked or shredded cocoanut adds a variety to the goods2 also raisins and peanuts4 ,add these at the time you set the kettle off the fire onto the stirring stand4 ,these increase the number of styles under this recipe over two hundred and forty4 #f4 ,fine ,pop-,corn4 ,follow the foregoing recipe for making fine or medium ground pop-corn cakes4 #g4 ,pop-,corn ,sandwiches4 ,make pop-corn in sheets three-eighths or one-half inches thick4 ,between two sheets put peanut butter1 whole peanuts1 raisins1 etc4 ,the particular likes of your neighborhood may be catered to by the filling you put into these sandwiches4 ,you can cut them into various sizes1 even as small as a caramel if you wish4 #h4 ,pop-,corn ,bricks4 ,make five batches3 first1 molasses2 second1 vanilla2 third1 chocolate2 fourth1 wintergreen2 fifth1 molasses4 ,fine pop-corn4 ,each batch is panned1 pressed one inch thick and cut up in rack2 make as many piles as you run pans2 place the vanilla on top of the molasses4 ,the cutting rack has a beveled edge so that it will easily slip over the previous sheet to register the cut cakes one on top of the other4 ,when the five sheets are piled you can easily separate the bricks for wrapping4 ,use ,knott's ,brick and ,bar ,cutting ,machine1 it does the best work4 ,oh6 ,what to ,do ,when ,materials ,cannot ,be ,had4 ,sugar in the shape of the good old white granulated sugar is not in sight sometimes 7as in #aiai1 or in the year #aiag all through the ,eastern ,states74 ,consider brown sugar4 ,remember that brown sugar is not to be used in white goods4 ,it can be used in place of combined white sugar and molasses2 weight of brown sugar for weight of white sugar1 plus molasses1 with nearly same results4 ,there are several grades of brown sugar and the price increases as the grade improves4 ,if you use brown sugar1 where formerly you used white1 reduce by from #aj to #bj per cent4 the quantity of corn syrup to a batch4 ,no ,sugar of ,any ,kind to ,be ,had8 ,then get some grape or corn sugar4 ,you will have to work out new formulas1 yes2 but that is oftentimes better than going out of business4 ,corn syrup8 ,yes1 even get along without it4 ,before corn syrup was on the market cream of tartar was used to cut the grain of sugar4 ,it needs more accurate handling of the batch and requires working with cleaner kettles than is required with corn syrup4 ,try using an invert sugar1 or corn sugar4 ,water will cut the grain in sugar if enough is used4 ,without cane sugar and without corn syrup1 how is pop-corn to be made8 ,do not forget there is honey1 corn1 or grape sugar1 maple sugar1 molasses and sugar substitutes on the market4 ,molasses alone cooked as high as it will go without burning will make a good winter corn cake4 ,honey is a very fine flavor and of high sugar content4 ,pop-corn cakes can be made1 even without sugar or corn syrup and be mighty nice in flavor and wholesome4 ,when you do not get sugar1 others do not have it and if you can deliver goods1 you make the price to cover any increase in cost of materials4 ,,chapter ,,vi ,,distribution ,,be afraid to have accounts receivable as well as accounts payable4 ,well-made pop-corn keeps about as well as crackers4 ,you can1 therefore1 follow the cracker manufacturers' distribution methods somewhat1 the taking of orders and delivery by wagon to retail stores1 the packing in tin cans1 the wrapping in wax paper sealed packages1 etc4 ,you must depend on the consumer to keep your factory in operation1 so always let the consumer take up most of your mind4 ,the methods used in getting your goods to the consumer will be chosen according to where the consumers you want to serve are located4 ,mail ,order4 ,you have the mail order method which will enable you to reach a large market4 ,you get the retail price for your goods1 you can do your business where rents are low1 you can get the goods to the customer fresh4 ,however1 you must secure a way of getting orders that will not take all the profit4 ,the package to insure delivery of the pop-corn in perfect1 wholesome condition must not be unreasonable as to its cost4 ,retail4 ,you may sell at retail over a store counter4 ,your sales in this case depend on your location and your advertising to draw trade to the store4 ,best locations in cities require the payment of big rent1 which pop-corn will not warrant4 ,a good location in a center of population at a fair rent1 then advertising to your prospective customers with samples is the best1 but be sure your advertising is consistent with your prospects4 ,now1 in addition to this1 send out pedlers on a commission basis4 ,have your goods on sale at the moving-picture theatre entrances1 at the band concerts1 at the ball games1 at every picnic4 ,in fact1 every time a crowd collects have your goods sold4 ,when displaying goods on counter1 or when using cans or boxes to store the goods1 be sure the oldest goods are at the top of the can1 or at the top of the pile on the counter so that those will be sold first4 ,use tins to keep pop-corn in2 it keeps better4 ,wholesale4 ,remember the consumer must get your goods under your trade-mark when they are fit1 to make him want more4 ,besides making your goods so they will keep as long as possible1 and packing them so as to exclude dampness1 you should endeavor to know about the goods in the dealers' hands so that the consumer may buy nothing stale4 ,seldom is it advisable to sell pop-corn through jobbers because they merely provide another shelf for the goods to grow old on4 ,therefore1 sell to the retailer and follow him up every few days4 ,if a retailer does not sell a particular kind of pop-corn you have sold him1 take it back and give him another to try4 ,if that does not go1 try another4 ,his trade will like some kind of pop-corn4 ,when you have found the right kind1 you have a steady customer adding to your sales4 ,possibly his trade wants penny pieces1 perhaps package goods2 five-cent1 ten-cent1 pound4 ,instead of one for a cent cake1 maybe there is sale for the same goods in smaller1 two for a cent cakes4 ,possibly raisins or nuts or cocoanut and pop-corn may be preferred4 ,an examination of his class of customers will help decide4 ,include in the box of goods a small1 neat price sign4 ,if package goods1 include one glass-covered package for display4 ,all these selling helps work to your benefit4 ,follow the experience of cracker1 breakfast food and other manufacturers4 ,advertise through window displays in prominent locations1 and give away samples4 ,furnish show-cases1 shelves1 racks1 counter displays1 etc4 ,get your goods up1 on top1 in front1 where the public1 the consumers1 must see4 ,get samples into their mouths so they may get a taste4 ,if you must sell through jobbers1 number your packages4 ,keep a record of the numbers on your shipping orders4 ,plainly print on your package something like this3 8,to insure the public receiving our goods in wholesome condition this number #bgdf is on our shipping record4 ,if you receive this package in unfit condition1 send it to us and you get right back two fresh from our packing table4 ,only by satisfying the public do we expect to have our business prosper40 ,by shipping in tin cans1 or waxed paper sealed packages1 you increase the keeping life of your goods4 ,,chapter ,,vii ,,national ,,confectioners' ,,association ,,of ,,the ,,united ,,states1 ,,organized #ahhd ,this should be your association4 ,do you belong8 ,object4 ,to advance the standard of confectionery in all practicable ways1 and to absolutely prevent adulterations4 ,to promote the common business interests and to establish and maintain more intimate relations between its members4 ,to take united action upon all matters affecting the welfare of the industry4 ,to promote uniformity between such ,national and ,state ,laws and ,municipal ,ordinances and ,rules1 ,regulations and ,standards governing their enforcement as shall affect the industry4 ,to promote1 in all practicable ways1 sanitary conditions in the manufacture and sale of confectionery and kindred products4 ,members4 ,all manufacturing confectioners1 all manufacturers of chocolate1 licorice1 confections1 pop-corn confectionery and chewing gum1 of reputable mercantile standing1 selling to the wholesale trade1 shall be eligible to active membership4 #gj members #ahhd4 #hfc members #aiai4 ,general service rendered to the membership by the association is varied and a great credit to it4 ,the departments maintained by the association and the sources of information always available to members are the following3 ,chemistry ,department4 ,sanitary ,department4 ,legal ,department4 ,traffic ,department4 ,publicity ,department4 ,trade-mark ,department4 ,circulars are issued from time to time by all of these departments containing valuable information4 ,circulars containing information of a general character are also issued from time to time by the ,executive ,committee4 ,,chapter ,,viii ,,costs ,,your costs are made up of three classes of items3 ,labor of making2 material they are made of2 the container they are sold in4 ,the other expenses of the doing of business are the 8overhead10 so called4 ,to arrive at the cost of goods by the box and to know what profit you ought to expect1 should be your first endeavor4 ,selling is ninety per cent4 of any business4 ,to make sales enough to keep your plant going to its full capacity and be able to refuse undesirable business should be your constant aim4 ,then and only then are you making the greatest profit possible from your investment4 ,your labor cost of making any piece of goods is easily figured4 ,if a man1 a boy and a girl turn out one hundred boxes in a day1 the sum of the wages you pay them divided by one hundred gives the labor cost per box4 ,the material cost per box is easily found by finding how much raw corn it takes to give you pop-corn for a batch4 ,figure its cost4 ,the candy and other materials you mix with a batch cost you a certain amount4 ,divide the sum of these by the number of boxes you get from a batch and add the cost of paper1 string and box1 then you have the material cost4 8,overhead0 contains a large number of items and is the class of costs that is the worst to figure4 ,it contains rent1 heat1 light1 power1 shipping1 freight1 express1 cartage1 advertising1 printing1 postage1 stationery1 insurance1 taxes1 repairs1 depreciation1 and all non-productive labor1 such as sweeping out shop1 bookkeeping1 managing1 etc4 ,you must take these1 figure the total for a week or a month1 divide by the number of working days in the week or month1 then divide by one hundred1 the number of boxes made in a day4 ,then you have the 8overhead0 cost per box4 ,add together the 8overhead10 material and labor cost per box and you have the total cost per box if you are running your shop to capacity on that piece4 ,remember1 in figuring your selling price and profit that making several kinds in a day increases the cost per box because of the time and labor lost in getting ready1 and remember that some dull days will come when your 8overhead0 continues on just the same1 but you have less boxes of goods to carry it4 ,before you turn a wheel you should estimate your 8overhead0 expenses1 and then watch them close to see that you do not increase them4 ,the manufacturing retailer receives one hundred cents of the consumers' dollar4 ,the wholesale manufacturer must sell to the retailer at a price at which the retailer can make a profit4 ,a wholesaler gets from sixty to seventy-five cents from the retailer for goods sold by the retailer at one dollar4 ,some goods are sold for less but only at a reduced quality1 or the loss of part of the legitimate profit4 ,when you put in new machinery that cuts cost you keep the saving in your own business4 ,talk quality1 maintain the selling price and put part of your saving into selling endeavor to increase your business and the other part into a bank account4 ,cutting prices pays no one a profit4 ,you ask how much profit there is in pop-corn8 ,you know of fortunes made in pop-corn2 some from buttered pop-corn2 some from sugared pop-corn4 ,some from pop-corn cakes that sell for a cent1 some from pop-corn packages that sell for five cents4 ,in one case the goods were sold all retail1 in another at wholesale4 ,in one case a local business1 in another nation-wide business4 ,what is profit8 ,net profit is the return over and above all expenses4 ,gross profit is the return over the cost of simply making the goods4 ,what is cost8 ,prime cost1 which is the material plus the actual labor of making1 or it may be the total cost with all the expenses of doing business added4 ,you might make a gross profit of two hundred per cent4 of your prime cost1 which might be sixty per cent4 of your sales and then you might make twenty per cent4 net profit on your sales1 or sixty per cent4 net profit on your prime cost4 ,but it is possible to come out with no net profit in the end4 ,in other words you must understand that the part of the cost that will determine your profit is what is called the 8overhead10 meaning what is termed the operating expenses1 something that is up to you and you alone4 ,to prevent errors you should figure your profit percentage on your selling price1 because the sales figures are always handy to get at4 ,thus if you find the gross cost of a box of pop-corn to be twenty-five cents and you sell it for fifty cents1 your twenty-five cents profit is fifty per cent1 of your sales4 ,a small net profit and turning your money over often will amount up big in the run of a year4 ,if you make a net profit of twenty per cent4 and turn your money over twelve times a year you are making two hundred and forty per cent4 upon your working capital4 ,returning to your question3 8,what profit is there in pop-corn80 ,prime ,gross ,per ,cent4 ,per ,cent4 ,selling ,price ,cost ,profit ,sales of ,cost ,salted ,pop-corn #e;c per bag #a cts4 #d cts4 #hj #djj ,buttered ,pop-corn #e;c per bag #b 8 #c 8 #fj #aej ,sugared ,pop-corn #e;c per small bag #a 8 #d 8 #hj #djj ,pop-corn ,brittle #ej;c per pound #bj 8 #cj 8 #fj #aej ,pop-corn ,bar #aj;c each #b 8 #h 8 #hj #djj ,pop-corn ,brick #e;c per package #a 8 #c 8 #gj #bcc ,pop-corn ,crispette #e;c per package #a 8 #d 8 #hj #djj ,your costs will perhaps show some variation from these figures1 for it is not to be expected that costs will be the same everywhere4 ,the costs here given are figured from the formulas in this book using the machinery herein described4 ,they are not the lowest at which the goods can be produced1 and of course1 you see that they contain no 8,overhead0 and therefore are gross and not net profit4 ,no two men running business under identical conditions will have the same prime cost1 gross cost1 or gross profit1 but they may come out with an equal net profit4 ,the only thing by which you can judge the future is the past4 ,all information and figures in this book are from records compiled from years of experience and practice4 ,,save ,,on ,,your ,,repair ,,and ,,power ,,bills ,every machine has grease cups1 oil cups1 or oil holes1 and the directions with each machine call attention to the particular places1 if any1 that require particular attention4 ,machine makers find ninety per cent4 of customers' troubles are directly traceable to lack of attention of cleaning and oiling4 ,why is it you expect a machine to oil itself and keep the dirt out of its way8 ,dry bearings wear fast and once you let them get real dry and start to cut1 then oil will not bring them back1 and sometimes does not stop the cutting4 ,you know dry bearings require more power to drive them4 ,some of you clean your machines but you do not oil them enough4 ,again you oil them without cleaning them4 ,one belt dressing ,i have found and used in my shop that keeps the belts always in condition to pull the load4 ,i use no soap or other emergency so-called belt dressing2 no use for it4 ,this belt dressing is put on once in three to six months4 ,that is efficiency1 a saving of time and money4 ,i would like an opportunity to show you real power plant efficient management4 ,i know of one where even the eight elevators automatically indicate in the office on a time clock4 ,red tape8 ,no1 sir4 ,it is a check on the elevator boys and the watchman1 and is an automatic record of breakdowns4 ,you see each elevator is in a separate part of the building from the others4 ,that indicator cannot misrepresent4 ,illustration3 #aja4 ,twist ,end ,wrapping ,machine ,illustration3 #ajb4 ,stick ,spinning ,machine ,illustration3 #ajc4 ,kiss ,sizer ,cutter ,illustration3 #ajh4 ,potato ,slicing ,machine ,continuous ,feed ,illustration3 #aaf4 ,knott's ,candy ,cooler is a ,fast ,cooler ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,write us about your requirements4 ,if we do not have it1 we can tell you where to go for it4 ,illustration3 ,company ,logo ,e4 ,r4 ,,knott ,,machine ,,co4 ,,boston1 ,,mass4 ,,index ,a ,advertise1 #ed4 ,agricultural ,department1 ,bulletins1 #f4 ,arranging ,machines1 #f1 #g1 #h1 #ae1 #af4 ,association1 ,national ,confectioners'1 #ee4 ,b ,balls1 #ci4 ,barrels1 #af4 ,bench1 #ae4 ,boiling1 #ad1 #dh4 ,boxes1 #de4 ,breakfast ,food1 #dg1 #ed4 ,bricks and ,bars1 #h1 #i1 #aj1 #cj1 #ca1 #cb1 #cc1 #cd1 #cg4 ,brittle1 ,pop-,corn1 #di4 ,brittle ,bitts1 #ci1 #dj4 ,bulletins1 #f4 ,butter1 #dc4 ,butter ,substitutes1 #dc4 ,buttered ,pop-,corn1 #di4 ,buttered ,pop-,corn ,tank1 #da4 ,c ,candy ,machines1 #ei4 ,cans1 #df4 ,cases and ,crates1 #df4 ,charts1 #h1 #i1 #aj4 ,chocolate1 #de4 ,cocoanut1 #de4 ,colors1 #dd4 ,consumers1 #ec1 #ef4 ,costs1 #ef4 ,cover for ,kettle1 #bg4 ,cream of ,tartar1 #dd4 ,crispettes1 #ca1 #ej4 ,crispette ,machine1 #ca1 #ch4 ,cutting1 #cd1 #ce1 #cf4 ,cutting ,machine1 #ce1 #cf1 #cg1 #ei4 ,cutting ,pack1 #cd1 #ce1 #cf1 #cg4 ,d ,distribution1 #ec4 ,dumping ,batch1 #cj4 ,e ,ear1 #f4 ,expenses1 #ef4 ,f ,flavors1 #dd4 ,fire1 #af1 #ah4 ,food ,value1 #f1 #g4 ,fritters1 #ca1 #ch1 #ej4 ,g ,gas ,fuel1 #ag4 ,gasoline ,fuel1 #ag4 ,grinder1 #ba1 #bb1 #bc1 #bd4 ,ground ,pop-,corn1 #ea4 ,h ,home1 ,pop-,corn in ,the1 #f4 ,hopper for ,mill1 #bd4 ,j ,jobbers1 #ec1 #ed4 ,k ,keeping ,quality1 #dd4 ,kettle1 #aa1 #ab1 #ac1 #ad1 #bf1 #cj4 ,knife1 #da4 ,l ,labor1 #ef4 ,lubrication1 #eh4 ,m ,mail ,orders1 #ec4 ,measures1 #be4 ,mill ,stand1 #ae4 ,mixing1 #aa1 #ab1 #ac1 #bg1 #bh1 #bi4 ,molasses1 #dd4 ,motors1 ,electric1 #af1 #db4 ,n ,national ,confectioners' ,association1 #ee4 ,nuts1 #de4 ,o ,oiling1 #eh4 ,overhead1 #ef4 ,p ,paddle1 #da4 ,panning1 #cj4 ,pans1 #cj1 #ca1 #ci4 ,paper1 #de4 ,peanuts1 #ah4 ,penny ,goods1 #de1 #ea1 #ec4 ,popped ,corn1 #f1 #ag4 ,popping ,machine1 #ae1 #af1 #ai1 #df4 ,popping ,machine ,stand1 #af4 ,popping of ,corn1 #f1 #g4 ,potato ,slicer1 #ei4 ,press1 #ca1 #cb1 #cc1 #cd4 ,pressing1 #ca1 #cd4 ,prices1 #ef1 #eg4 ,process1 #h1 #i1 #aj1 #aa4 ,profit1 #ef4 ,q ,quality1 #dd4 ,r ,raisins1 #dd4 ,raw ,grain1 #f1 #g1 #dc4 ,raw ,materials1 #dc4 ,recipes and ,formulas1 #dg1 #di4 ,retail1 #ec4 ,round ,cakes1 #ca1 #ch1 #ej4 ,s ,salt1 #dd4 ,sandwiches1 #ea4 ,self ,filling ,machine1 #ch4 ,sifter1 #af1 #bj4 ,soda1 #dd4 ,square ,cakes1 #h1 #i1 #cj1 #cg4 ,stirring ,pop-,corn1 #aa1 #ab1 #ac1 #bg1 #bh1 #bi4 ,stirring ,stand1 #ae1 #bg4 ,stock ,tanks1 #be4 ,stock ,tank ,stand1 #ae1 #be4 ,stove1 #be4 ,sugar1 #eb4 ,sugared ,pop-,corn1 #di4 ,syrup1 ,corn1 #dc4 ,syrup1 ,stock1 #be1 #dh4 ,t ,thermometer1 #be1 #bf4 ,transfer ,racks1 #ce1 #cf4 ,two ,way ,cutting ,machines1 #cg4 ,u ,unpopped ,kernels1 #af1 #ah1 #bj1 #dg4 ,w ,water1 #dd4 ,weight of ,raw ,corn1 #g4 ,wholesale1 #ec4 ,wrapping ,machine1 #ca1 #ei4 ,,transcriber',s ,,notes ,some illustrations have been moved closer to relevant text1 and some section headings have been moved closer to the top of the relevant section4 ,the symbol denotes an illustration description that is not part of the original work4 ,the following amendments have been made to tables1 for legibility on electronic devices3 #a4 ,page #aj3 the column headings in the table have been replaced by letters and a key provided4 #b4 ,pages #bc1 #bd1 #bi1 #cc1 #cf1 #cg3 the small tables have been transposed from horizontal to vertical layout4 ,the following further changes have been made to the text as printed3 #a4 ,page #aj 7,key1 ,item ,e73 ,paddle ,no4 #ajjf-a changed to ,paddle ,no4 #bjjf-a #b4 ,page #ad3 'must be at a high tempreature' changed to ' 444 temperature' #c4 ,page #ag3 'neither does if' changed to 'neither does it' #d4 ,page #bc 7table73 ,the ',throat' measurements have been shown as inches 77 #e4 ,page #bd3 ',no4 #bjaf-f1 or ,no4 #bjjf-aa' changed to ' 444 or ,no4 #bjaf-aa' #f4 ,page #bd3 ',stock ,no4 #aji-d ,knitt's' changed to ' 444 ,knott's' #g4 ,page #bd 7table73 ,the ',pulley' measurements have been shown as inches 77 #h4 ,page #bd3 ',stock ,no4 #bjaf-a1 or ,no4 #bajf-b' changed to ' 444 or ,no4 #bjaf-b' #i4 ,page #bf3 'so called 8ragging off the paddle0' changed to 'so-called 444' #aj4 ,page #cj3 'in making square corn-cakes' changed to '444 corn cakes' #aa4 ,page #cb3 'made with small cap screws' changed to '444 cap-screws' #ab4 ,page #cd3 ',twofors' changed to ',two-fers' 7two occurrences in stock list7 #ac4 ,page #cg3 ',stock ,no4 #bjjg-b-;inch pans' changed to ',stock ,no4 #bjjg-b #ab-;inch pans' #ad4 ,page #dj3 ',stock ,no4 #ajjg-a' and ',stock ,no4 #ajjg-c' changed to ',stock ,no4 #bjjg-a' and ',stock ,no4 #bjjg-c' respectively4 #ae4 ,page #dc3 period inserted after 'with your syrup' #af4 ,page #de3 'a forty pound manilla wax paper' changed to '444 manila 444' in line with ',grade forty pound manila' on same page #ag4 ,page #de3 ',boxes stronger4' changed to ',boxes are stronger4' #ah4 ,page #di3 comma inserted after 'corn syrup 7#a quarts7' #ai4 ,page #ej 7,recipe ,a73 period changed to comma following ',put in your kettle 444 #a quart of syrup' #bj4 ,page #ea3 ',put in teaspoonful of salt' changed to ',put in a 444' #ba4 ,page #eg3 'your your selling price' changed to 'your selling price' ,the following anomalies in the printed text are noted1 but no change has been made3 #a4 ,page #g3 'proteid' is an earlier spelling of the word 'protein' #b4 ,page #di 7,recipe #b73 'glacine' is more commonly spelt 'glassine' 7a type of wrapping paper74