------------------------------          
,phrases between f and _/f              
are in ,old ,english ,font in           
the original book4                      
7e,book transcriber's note47            
------------------------------          
,illustration3                          
,,illuminations                         
,,from ,,the                            
,,ms                                    
,,froissart                             
,,in ,,the                              
,,bibliotheque ,,royale                 
,,paris                                 
,,and ,,other ,,sources                 
,,illuminated                           
,,illustrations ,,of ,,froissart4       
,,selected ,,from                       
f,the ,,ms4_/f                      ,,in
 ,,the ,,biblioth,,que ,,royale1        
,,paris1                                
,,and ,,from ,,other ,,sources4         
,,by ,h4 ,n4 ,,humphreys1 ,,esq4        
,,london3                     ,,william 
,,smith1 #aac1 ,,fleet ,,street4        

,,mdcccxlv4                             
,,list ,,of ,,plates1                   
,,with         ,,references ,,to        
,,smith',s ,,edition ,,of 8,,froissart10
 ,,in ,,two ,,volumes4      ,,plate     
,,vol4 ,,page         ,i4 ,,queen       
,,isabella ,,on ,,her ,,voyage ,,to     
,,england                  ,i4   #aj    
,,ii4 ,,execution ,,of ,,sir ,,hugh     
,,spencer                            ,i4
   #ac       ,,iii4 ,,coronation ,,of   
,,king ,,edward ,,the ,,third           
,i4   #ad        ,,iv4 ,,funeral ,,of   
,,philip ,,of ,,valois                  
,i4  #bjb         ,v4 ,,edward ,,the    
,,third ,,takes ,,berwick               
,i4   #cd        ,,vi4 ,,surrender ,,of 
,,bristol ,,to ,,queen ,,isabella       
,i4   #aa       ,,vii4 ,,robert ,,bruce 
,,defies ,,edward ,,the ,,third         
,i4   #af      ,,viii4 ,,earl ,,of      
,,pembroke ,,attacked ,,by ,,the        
,,spanish ,,fleet           ,i4  #dgb   
,,ix4 ,,sir ,,godfrey ,,de ,,harcourt   
,,encountering ,,the ,,men ,,of ,,amiens

   ,i4  #aeh         ,x4 ,,froissart    
,,in ,,his ,,study                      
,i4  ,,title        ,,xi4 ,a ,,female   
,,attendant ,,serving ,,wine ,,to ,a    
,,groom              ,,ii4  ,,title     
,,xii4 ,,the ,,duke ,,of ,,brittany     
,,and ,,his ,,barons                    
,i4  #eib      ,,xiii4 ,,philip ,,van   
,,artevelde ,,haranguing ,,the ,,people 
,i4  #gbd       ,,xiv4 ,,taking ,,of    
,,oudenarde ,,by ,,francis ,,atremen    
,,ii4    #h        ,,xv4 ,,the ,,battle 
,,of ,,rosebecque                       
,i4  #gdf       ,,xvi4 ,,death ,,of     
,,josse ,,de ,,hallebin                 
,i4  #fda      ,,xvii4 ,,combat         
,,between ,,nicholas ,,clifford ,,and ,a
 ,,french ,,knight     ,i4  #fcd        
,,xviii4 ,,jacob ,,van ,,artevelde      
,,holding ,,state ,,in ,,ghent          
,i4   #db       ,,xix4 ,,visit ,,of     
,,the ,,queen ,,of ,,naples ,,to ,,pope 
,,clement             ,i4  #egb         
,,xx4 ,,galeas ,,visconti ,,arresting   
,,his ,,uncle                     ,,ii4 

#cb       ,,xxi4 ,,funeral ,,of ,,jehan 
,,de ,,lyon                             
,i4  #ehf      ,,xxii4 ,,beheading ,,of 
,,silvester ,,budes                     
,i4  #egd     ,,xxiii4 ,,duke ,,of      
,,burgundy ,,entering ,,chartres        
,i4  #cbd      ,,xxiv4 ,,earl ,,of      
,,flanders ,,soliciting ,,aid ,,of      
,,charles ,,vi4 ,,of ,,france ,i4  #gbb 
,,xxv4 ,,murder ,,of ,,the ,,archbishop 
,,of ,,canterbury                   ,i4 
#feh      ,,xxvi4 ,,edward ,,the ,,third
 ,,before ,,rheims                      
,i4  #bgd     ,,xxvii4 ,,interview      
,,between ,,richard ,,ii4 ,,and ,,the   
,,insurgents         ,i4  #feg          
,,xxviii4 ,,lord ,,charles ,,of ,,blois 
,,obtaining ,,possession ,,of ,,jugon   
,i4  #aae      ,,xxix4 ,,battle ,,of    
,,poictiers                             
,i4  #bag       ,,xxx4 ,,assassination  
,,of ,,evan ,,of ,,wales                
,i4  #edf      ,,xxxi4 ,,earl ,,of      
,,flanders ,,and ,,citizens ,,of ,,ghent
                   ,i4  #eid    ,,xxxii4

 ,,earl ,,of ,,flanders ,,repairing     
,,oudenarde                      ,i4    
#eii    ,,xxxiii4 ,,earl ,,of           
,,buckingham ,,and ,,duke ,,of          
,,brittany ,,concerting ,,the ,,siege   
,,of  ,,nantes                          
,i4  #fah     ,,xxxiv4 ,,the ,,battle   
,,of ,,montiel                          
,i4  #chf      ,,xxxv4 ,,the ,,canon    
,,of ,,robesart ,,taking ,,jaffre       
,i4  #fhh     ,,xxxvi4 ,,john ,,ball    
,,preaching                             
,i4  #fed          ,,advertisement4     
,the volume of ,illuminated             
,illustrations of ,froissart1 from the  
celebrated ,,ms4 in the ,british        
,museum1 has created so much interest in
  the subject among the subscribers to  
that work1 that many letters have  been 
received requesting the publication of  
another volume to illustrate  the       
remaining portion of the ,chronicles3   
the ,,ms4 in the ,museum  containing    
unfortunately only the fourth book4     
,when that beautiful ,,ms4  went to the 

,british ,museum with the ,harleian     
,collection1 a sort of  tradition went  
with it to the effect1 that the         
remaining portion of the  ,,ms4 was in  
the ,bibliothque du ,roi1 at ,paris1 and
 that impression still  prevails among  
connoisseurs4 ,having determined1 at the
 solicitation of  our subscribers1 to   
publish a second volume illustrating the
 remaining  portion of the ,chronicles1 
,i went to ,paris1 in the full hope of  
discovering the other portion of the    
,museum ,,ms41 but found that no such   
volumes exist in the ,bibliothque du    
,roi1 nor is there any record of  their 
having been there4 ,that splendid       
library1 however1 contains  several     
,,mss4 of ,froissart2 among others1 a   
very beautiful one of the  first book1  
which is the earliest known1 and the    
standard authority for  that portion of 
the ,chronicles1 but it has only one    
small illumination  on the first page4  
,many other portions of the ,chronicles 
of different  ages possess no remarkable

 interest2 but one magnificent and      
perfect ,,ms4  of all four books is a   
truly splendid work of art1 far         
surpassing1 in  many respects1 the      
,museum ,,ms4 ,it is evidently one of   
the splendid books  executed for ,louis 
of ,bruges1 ,lord of ,gruthyse1 who died
 in #adib1 and  the ,,ms4 was probably  
executed about #adfj or #gj4 ,this ,lord
 of ,gruthyse1  as is well known1 was   
one of the greatest patrons of art of   
that age1  and had a peculiar passion   
for richly illuminated books1 of which  
he  created a library which1 after that 
of the ,duke of ,burgundy1 was the  most
 celebrated in all ,flanders4 ,van      
,praet collected a most interesting     
list of the books still in existence    
which once formed part of this          
celebrated library1 and classed this    
,,ms4 of the ,chronicles of ,froissart  
among the most beautiful4 ,the ,gruthyse
 library passed to his son1 ,jean  of   
,bruges1 and afterwards to ,louis ,,xii4
 of ,france1 who added it to the        

library founded at the ,chteau de       
,blois1 by his father ,charles of       
,orleans2 from that library it was      
brought to the ,bibliothque ,royale of  
,paris4 ,the arms of ,gruthyse have     
been1 in every instance in which they   
occur in the illuminations1 painted over
 by those of ,france2 but in some       
places the more recent colour has peeled
 off a little1 exposing the  shield     
beneath1 and in every instance the      
,gruthyse arms may be easily  discerned 
by holding the parchment to the light4  
,this magnificent work of middle-age art
 will furnish most of the               
,illustrations in the present volume4   
,but a few will be added from other     
sources1 which will add to the variety  
and interest of the work even if        
inferior in execution4    ,i may here   
mention that ,i searched all the other  
public libraries of  ,paris1 in hope of 
meeting with the lost volumes of our    
museum ,,ms41  finding in that of the   
,arsenal a very beautiful and complete  

,,ms4 of the  ,chronicles1 with the     
borders in colours and gold1 but the    
miniatures  only in black and white1 of 
about the same date as the ,museum ,,ms4
 ,the  remaining volumes of that ,,ms41 
however1 could nowhere be discovered1   
and it is to be feared are lost4 ,but   
the ,gruthyse ,,ms41 being undoubtedly  
a finer work1 will no doubt afford our  
subscribers greater gratification  than 
the lost books1 could they have been    
found4                                  
,h4 ,n4 ,h4    ,,london1    ,january1   
#ahdd4    ,illustration3 f,isabella1    
,queen of ,edward ,,ii4 on her voyage to
 ,england1  with ,sir ,john of          
,hainault4_/f          ,,plate ,i4      
,,queen ,,isabella ,,on ,,her ,,voyage  
,,to ,,england4      ,before commencing 
the ,history of ,edward ,,iii41 with    
which ,froissart  commences his         
,chronicles1 he devotes a few short     
chapters to the latter  events of the   
previous reign4 ,in ,chapters ,,viii4   
and ,,ix4 he relates the  arrival of    

,isabella1 ,queen of ,edward ,,ii41 in  
,hainault1 and the  determination of    
,sir ,john of ,hainault1 brother to the 
,earl1 to accompany  her to ,england    
with an armed force1 and restore her and
 her son to their  rank and influence1  
usurped by the ,spencers1 the favourites
 of the weak  monarch4 ,the             
,illumination1#a which is most          
beautifully executed1  represents the   
,queen on her voyage2 ,sir ,john of     
,hainault is conversing  with her2 and  
she is accompanied by several ladies of 
her suite4 ,many  interesting details of
 costume are carefully and accurately   
executed1  and the whole miniature forms
 a most pleasing composition4           
,illustration3 f,execution of ,sir ,hugh
 ,spencer4_/f          ,,plate ,,ii4    
,,execution ,,of ,,sir ,,hugh ,,spencer4
      ,froissart relates that so many   
powerful ,barons joined the party of    
,queen  ,isabella and her son1 that they
 determined to besiege the city of      
,bristol1 where the ,king and the       

,spencers then were4 ,the ,king and the 
younger ,spencer retired to the ,castle1
 whilst the elder ,spencer1 then  ninety
 years of age1 and the ,earl of         
,arundel1 who had married his           
grand-daughter1 remained in the town2   
which being surrendered by the          
citizens1 they were taken prisoners and 
executed in front of the ,castle1  in   
sight of the ,king and the younger      
,spencer4 ,the weak ,king and his       
favourite1 seeing no other chance of    
escape1 embarked secretly in a  small   
boat at the back of the ,castle1        
thinking to gain the coast of  ,wales1  
but being driven back by stress of      
weather1 they were perceived  and       
captured4 ,the ,king was sent under     
strong guard to ,berkely ,castle1 by    
the advice of the ,barons1 where he     
remained a prisoner till his death2     
thus closing one of the most inglorious 
reigns of the ,english annals4  ,sir    
,hugh ,spencer was led to ,hereford1    
where the feast of ,all ,saints was     

celebrated with great magnificence1 in  
honour of the noble foreigners1  who had
 so mainly contributed to the successful
 termination of the cause  of the ,queen
 and ,prince ,edward4 ,chapter ,,xiii41 
at the head of which is  the            
,illumination represented in ,plate     
,,ii41 commences 8,quant la feste fut   
passe le ,mess ,huon1 qui point nestoit 
aim la10 c4 c4--8when the  feast was    
over1 ,sir ,huon1 who was not beloved in
 those parts1 was  brought before the   
,queen and the assembled ,barons and    
,knights40 ,he was  condemned to death1 
and executed with horrible mutilation1  
being affixed  to a high ladder in the  
market-place1 in order that the         
disgusting  ceremony might be visible to
 all the assembled populace#b4    ,the  
,illumination is executed with exquisite
 care and neatness1 and the  whole page 
surrounded with an elaborately wrought  
border of great  beauty4 ,our plate only
 takes in a portion of one column and   
the  adjoining angle of the border4     

,illustration3 f,coronation of ,edward  
,,iii4 on ,christmas day #acbf4_/;f     
,,plate ,,iii4    ,,the ,,coronation    
,,of ,,king ,,edward ,,iii4      ,edward
 ,,ii4 being formally deposed in a      
general assembly of the great  ,barons1 
his eldest son was called to the throne1
 and crowned on  ,christmas-day1 #acbf1 
in the sixteenth year of his age1       
8during the  lifetime of his father40   
,the ,illumination only represents the  
group immediately surrounding the       
,king1 but is very carefully executed2  
the white draperies in particular  being
 very elaborately finished4 ,the chair  
or throne bears sufficient  resemblance 
to that 7so called7 of ,edward the      
,confessor1 in ,westminster  ,abbey1 as 
to lead one to suppose that a           
description1 or perhaps a rough  sketch1
 had been furnished to the artist4      
,illustration3 f,the funeral of ,philip 
of ,valois1 ,king of ,france4_/f        
,,plate ,,iv4    ,,the ,,funeral ,,of   
,,philip ,,of ,,valois1 ,,king ,,of     

,,france4      ,charles1 son of ,philip 
the ,fair1 having died in the year #acbf
 without  heirs male1 though thrice     
married1 the twelve ,peers and ,barons  
of ,france  assembled at ,paris1 and    
with one consent gave the throne to     
,philip of  ,valois1 nephew of ,philip  
the ,fair1 to the exclusion of          
,isabella1 ,queen  of ,england1 and her 
son1 who stood in the more direct line1 
she being  sister to the late king2 the 
,council1 however1 determined1 according
 to  ,froissart1 8that the kingdom of   
,france was of such great nobleness1    
that  it ought not to fall by succession
 to a female20 thus1 says ,froissart1   
8as it seemed to many people1 the       
succession went out of the right line1  
which has been the occasion of the most 
destructive wars and  devastations of   
countries1 as well in ,france as        
elsewhere1 as you will  learn hereafter2
 the real object of this history being  
to relate the  great enterprises and    
deeds of arms achieved in these wars2   

for1 from  the time of good             
,charlemagne1 ,king of ,france1 never   
were such feats  performed40    ,the son
 of ,isabella1 when crowned ,king       
,edward ,,iii41 was soon persuaded  to  
lay claim to the throne of ,philip1 who1
 during a reign of twenty-four  years1  
maintained the war with various success1
 suffering among his  reverses the      
ever-memorable defeat of ,crecy4 ,he    
died at ,nogent-le-roi1  in the year    
#acej1 and his burial1 which took place 
at ,st4 ,denis1 is  graphically         
delineated in the accompanying          
,illumination4    ,the architectural    
portion of the picture is very carefully
 drawn1 and  the dresses of the figures 
bearing the coffin are executed in a    
very  beautiful manner4 ,the style of   
arrangement is somewhat different from  
many other of the ,illuminations in this
 noble ,,ms42 the figures being  fewer  
and larger in proportion to the picture1
 and the landscape portion  made quite  
subordinate1 whilst it is generally     

treated with extreme care  as a         
principal feature of the composition4   
,illustration3 f,edward the third takes 
,berwick4_/f          ,,plate ,v4       
,,edward ,,iii4 ,,takes ,,berwick4      
,froissart commences the ,x,x,v,ith     
,chapter of his first ,book as follows1 
8,you have heard related all that passed
 between the ,english and ,scotch1      
during the three years that the truce   
lasted3--and for one year more the  two 
nations were at peace4 ,this had not    
happened before for two hundred  years1 
during which they had been constantly at
 war with each other4 ,it  fell out that
 king ,edward was informed that the     
young king ,david of  ,scotland1 who had
 married his sister1 kept possession of 
,berwick1 which  of right belonged to   
his kingdom1 and which king ,edward his 
ancestor had  held1 and the king his    
father also1 very peaceably for a long  
time  afterwards4 ,he was also informed1
 that the kingdom of ,scotland was      
dependant on his crown as a fief1 and   

that the young king of ,scots1 his      
brother-in-law1 had never acknowledged  
it1 or done homage for it4 ,the  king of
 ,england therefore sent ambassadors to 
the king of ,scots1 to  request that he 
would withdraw his people from the city 
of ,berwick and  give him possession of 
it1 as it was his just inheritance1 and 
had  always appertained to the kings of 
,england his predecessors4 ,they also   
summoned him to come and do his homage  
for the kingdom of ,scotland1  which he 
ought to hold from the crown of ,england
 as a fief----0    ,the answers of the  
,king of ,scotland1 a youth of fifteen1 
being  unsatisfactory1 it was           
determined1 on the meeting of           
,parliament1 that  the ,king should lead
 a powerful army into ,scotland3 an     
invasion  consequently took place1 the  
,king passed ,berwick1 penetrating as   
far as  ,dunbarton1 and laying waste the
 country in every direction1--then      
making  a 8handsome retreat10 as our    
,chronicler describes it1 he came before

  ,berwick1 which1 after an obstinate   
resistance1 was compelled to  surrender4
 8,the king10 continues ,froissart1     
8made his public entry into  ,berwick   
with great pomp and sounding of         
trumpets1 and tarried there  twelve     
days4 ,he appointed as governor thereof 
a knight called ,sir ,edward  ,baliol1  
with whom he left1 when he quitted      
,berwick1 many young knights  and       
esquires1 to assist him in keeping the  
conquests he had made from  the ,scots1 
and to guard the frontiers4 ,the king   
and all his people then  returned       
towards ,london1 and gave full liberty  
for every man to go to  his own home4   
,he himself went to ,windsor1 where he  
chiefly resided40    ,the ,illumination 
is in the same style as the surrender of
 ,bristol1  exhibiting great care in the
 landscape1 to the picturesque features 
of  which the artist seems to have paid 
peculiar attention4 ,his castles1 for   
instance1 are never represented as new1 
as in many other ,,mss4 is always  the  

case2 but the weather stains are        
introduced with clever and pleasing     
tinting1 and the parasitic weeds or     
climbing plants1 the tenants of old     
walls1 are made to minister to the      
general picturesqueness of the          
composition1 each in its proper         
situation1 with almost the skill of a   
modern landscape painter4               
,illustration3 f,bristol surrenders to  
,queen ,isabella cc4_/f          ,,plate
 ,,vi4    ,,bristol ,,surrenders ,,to   
,,queen ,,isabella4      ,this          
,illumination represents a group of     
citizens1 assembled at one of  the      
principal gates1 in the act of          
surrendering the city to the ,queen  and
 her party4 ,the whole picture forms a  
beautiful and spirited  representation  
of the period2--the town gate1 the      
turreted walls1 the  house roofs1 with  
the gray cathedral towering above       
them--the civic  costumes of the        
citizens1 the brilliant armour and rich 
housings of the  knights and their      

horses1 surrounding the ,queen1 and the 
characteristic  treatment of the distant
 landscape--all tend to exhibit with    
wonderful  faithfulness the striking    
features of an epoch1 of which we have  
no  other pictorial record than the     
,illuminations contained in the         
wonderful  manuscripts of the period4   
,illustration3 f,robert ,bruce sends a  
defiance to ,edward ,,iii4_/f           
,,plate ,,vii4    ,,robert ,,bruce1     
,,king ,,of ,,scotland1 ,,defies ,,king 
,,edward ,,iii4      8,it happened that 
,robert1 ,king of ,scotland1 who1 though
 brave1 had  suffered much in his wars  
with ,england1 having often been        
defeated by  ,king ,edward1 grandfather 
of the young king1 being at this time   
very old1  and afflicted with leprosy1  
hearing that the ,king 7,edward ,,ii47  
had been  taken prisoner1 and deposed1  
and his counsellors put to death1       
thought  this a favourable opportunity  
to send a defiance to the present ,king1
 as  yet a youth1 whose barons were not 

on good terms with each other1 and to   
attempt the conquest of some part of    
,england4 ,about ,easter1 #acbg1 he     
sent a defiance to ,king ,edward and all
 the country2 informing them that  he   
would enter the kingdom1 and burn it as 
far as he had done before1  after the   
defeat of ,stirling40    ,the           
,illumination represents the ,king      
receiving the messenger of ,bruce in  an
 open vestibule or pavilion1 who1 on one
 knee1 delivers the defiance  of his    
master to the ,english nation4 ,in the  
background1 the river ,thames  is seen1 
with the ,scottish vessel at anchor4    
,the whole is executed with  great care 
and neatness4    ,great armies were     
raised on either side1 but1 like most of
 the wars of  that period1 conducted    
without any settled object4 ,the affair 
ended  without any gain to either       
party--the great suffering of the       
unfortunate  people of the ,borders     
being the only permanent result4 ,a     
truce for three  years shortly followed1

 during which ,king ,robert1 of         
,scotland1 died4    ,illustration3 f,the
 ,earl of ,pembroke attacked by the     
,spanish ,fleet1  before la             
,rochelle_/f4          ,,plate ,,viii4  
,,the ,,earl ,,of ,,pembroke ,,attacked 
,,by ,,the ,,spanish ,,fleet4      ,this
 is one of the finest ,illuminations of 
the splendid ,,ms4 in the  ,bibliothque 
,royale1 and exhibits1 in a most        
striking manner1 the great  features of 
a naval combat of the period4 ,the      
immense number of figures1  all in      
appropriate and energetic action1 and   
the general effect of  multitude and    
movement1 forcibly call to mind the     
celebrated1 though  uncompleted1 picture
 of ,raphael1 of the ,battle of         
,constantine and  ,maxentius1 so ably   
finished by his great pupil1 ,julio4    
,but it is  impossible1 in a plate      
coloured in by hand in large numbers1 to
 convey  an adequate idea of the extreme
 beauty and careful execution of every  
minute part of this beautiful           

,illumination2 though our ,plate will   
convey  an excellent general idea of the
 composition and effect4    ,the ,earl  
of ,pembroke was appointed by ,king     
,edward ,,iii41 in #acgb1 to  command an
 expedition sent to the assistance of   
the ,gascons and  ,poitevins4#c         
,illustration3 f,sir ,godfrey de        
,harcourt encounters the men of ,amiens 
on  their way to ,paris4_/f             
,,plate ,,ix4    ,,sir ,,godfrey ,,de   
,,harcourt ,,encountering ,,the ,,men   
,,of ,,amiens4      ,sir ,godfrey de    
,harcourt1 who had espoused the cause of
 the ,english1 in  consequence of his   
disgrace and banishment by the court of 
,france1  performed many deeds of great 
bravery1 but was eventually defeated and
  slain at the battle of ,coutantin4    
,froissart gives the following spirited 
account of his death3--8,the army of    
,sir ,godfrey would not keep the order  
he had appointed1 according to the      
promise made to him2 but the greater    
part fled1 and could not withstand the  

,french4 ,sir ,godfrey1 on seeing  this1
 declared1 that he would prefer death to
 being taken2 and arming  himself with a
 battle-axe1 halted where he was2 he    
placed one foot  before the other1 to be
 firmer2 for he was lame of one leg1    
though very  strong in his arms4 ,in    
this position he fought a long time most
  valiantly1 so that few dared to       
encounter his blows3 when two ,frenchmen
  mounted their horses1 and placing     
their lances in their rests1 charged    
him at the same time1 and struck him to 
the ground3 some men-at-arms            
immediately rushed upon him with their  
swords1 which they ran through  his     
body1 and killed him on the spot4 ,the  
greater part of his army were  slain or 
made prisoners1 and those who were able 
to escape returned to  ,saint ,sauveur  
le ,viscomte4 ,this happened in the     
winter of #acef1 about  ,martinmas40    
,the ,illumination 7one of the most     
beautifully drawn and executed of the   
,,ms471 represents the defeat1 by ,sir  

,godfrey1 of a body of men from         
,amiens1 on their march to join the     
,king of ,france4    ,illustration3     
f,froissart in his ,study4_/f           
,,plate ,x4    ,,froissart ,,in ,,his   
,,study4      ,this ,illumination is    
taken from an odd volume of a ,,ms4 of  
,froissart's  ,chronicles1 among the    
royal ,,mss4 now in the ,british        
,museum4 ,it contains  few illuminations
 beyond the present subject1 which forms
 a sort of  frontispiece1 or title-page1
 in which the illuminator has not1 as   
usual1  represented the principal event 
of the first chapter1 but has thought it
  more appropriate to picture the author
 of the book in his study4 ,he is  just 
receiving a letter from some person of  
note1 7as appears from the  bearer      
wearing the arms or badge of his lord   
upon his breast17 whilst a  clerk1 or   
amanuensis1 is busily employed in       
transcribing what we may  suppose to be 
a portion of the famous ,chronicles4    
,the present plate only  represents a   

portion of the original illumination1 in
 which1 not only  the interior of       
,froissart's study is exhibited by the  
usual device1 an  excision of a portion 
of the wall1 but also the exterior of   
the  building1 with a side-entrance1    
court-yard1 and a distant view2 a       
portion of which is given in the next   
plate4    ,the present plate conveys a  
very vivid and pleasing impression of a 
comfortably furnished apartment of the  
fifteenth century2 the whole  being     
executed with great care2 but the       
figures are inferior to many  works of  
the period1 and are principally         
interesting on account of the  costume4 
,illustration3 f,a female attendant     
serving wine to a groom4_/f             
,,plate ,,xi4    ,a ,,female ,,attendant
 ,,serving ,,wine ,,to ,a ,,groom4      
,this subject is another portion of     
illumination1 partly given in the       
previous plate1 and forms the principal 
part of the exterior view4 ,a  groom is 
holding the horse of the messenger1 who1

 in the previous plate1  delivers the   
letter1 whilst a female attendant is    
serving him with wine1  from a tankard  
of precisely similar form to those still
 used in many  parts of ,belgium4       
,though1 in some respects1 rudely drawn1
 it forms a  very characteristic group1 
and serves to convey an idea of the     
entire  ,illumination1 which is         
surrounded by a rich border1 the whole1 
nearly  occupying the entire page of a  
large folio volume2 leaving space only  
for an enriched capital1 and four or    
five lines of the beginning of the      
chapter4    ,illustration3 f,the ,duke  
of ,brittany and his ,barons4_/f        
,,plate ,,xii4    ,,the ,,duke ,,of     
,,brittany ,,and ,,his ,,barons4        
,this ,illumination is from another     
volume1 containing a portion of         
,froissart's ,chronicles1 among the     
,royal ,,mss4 in the ,british ,museum1  
from  which several of the ensuing      
subjects will be selected1 some with    
remarkably rich borders4 ,the present   

subject represents a meeting of the     
,barons of ,brittany to remonstrate with
 their ,lord1 the ,duke4                
,illustration3 f,philip van ,artevelde  
preaching4_/f          ,,plate ,,xiii4  
,,philip ,,van ,,artevelde ,,haranguing 
,,the ,,people4      ,the story of      
,philip van ,artevelde1 the ,rienzi of  
,flanders1 has been  rendered popular1  
in the highest sense of the term1 by the
 noble drama  of ,mr4 ,taylor4 ,in the  
present ,illumination1 we see him       
exhibited1 by a  nearly contemporary    
artist1 haranguing the people in the    
market-place of  ,ypres4 ,the artist1   
although in a rude manner1 has attempted
 to exhibit  the scene at the moment    
when ,philip1 at the close of his       
oration1  exclaimed3--8,let all those   
who are determined to remain true to the
  cause1 according to the oath they     
took1 gallantly lift up their hands to  
heaven as a token of their loyalty20--an
 example1 if one were wanting1  that at 
public meetings then1 as now1 a majority

 was determined by a  show of hands4    
,the commencement of the chapter1 given 
under the ,illumination1  is--8,cestui  
meschret se passa1 on le mist en        
oubliance et ,phle'  ,dartevelle se     
parti de ,bruges et vint a ,ypre ou il  
fut recuelli a grand  joye et pietre du 
,bois sen vint a ,commines ou le plat   
pays etoit  assemble et la entendi a ses
 besoignes et fut tous40 ,of which the  
following is ,johnes's                  
translation3--8,this affair passed off1 
and was  soon forgotten4 ,philip van    
,artevelde departed from ,bruges1 and   
came to  ,ypres1 where he was most      
joyfully received4 ,peter ,du ,bois went
 to  ,comines1 where all the inhabitants
 of the flat country were assembled1    
and instantly began his preparations1   
and all--0 which relates to the         
destruction of the bridges1 to oppose   
the entry of the army of the ,king  of  
,france into ,flanders4#d               
,illustration3 f,the taking of          
,oudenarde by ,francis ,atremen4_/f     

,,plate ,,xiv4    ,,the ,,taking ,,of   
,,oudenarde1 ,,by ,,francis ,,atremen4  
,froissart tells us that ,francis       
,atremen1 ,peter du ,bois1 ,peter le    
,nuitre1  and other captains of the     
,artevelde party1 having returned from  
the  siege of ,ypres1 8were daily and   
nightly imagining how they could annoy  
their enemies40 ,among their various    
plans the favourite one was the  taking 
of ,oudenarde1 which had successfully   
resisted all their former  attempts4    
,the men of ,oudenarde holding the      
,ghent men in contempt1 were  grown     
somewhat careless2 and the governor1    
,gilbert de ,lienegen1 being  absent1 no
 doubt causing the watch and general    
discipline to be still  more lax1       
,francis ,atremen and his followers     
stormed the place by  surprise1 with    
ladders1 as represented in the          
,illumination4 ,the  operation was much 
facilitated by the ditches being dry1   
the inhabitants  having emptied them of 
water to get the fish4 ,the captors     

pillaged the  town1 sending out all the 
women and children in the meanest dress 
they  had1 who were forced to take      
refuge in ,mons1 ,arras1 and other      
places4    ,illustration3 f,the ,battle 
of ,rosebecque4_/f          ,,plate     
,,xv4    ,,the ,,battle ,,of            
,,rosebecque4      ,the ,illuminator1 in
 this attempt to convey an idea of the  
battle of  ,rosebecque1 has not omitted 
the story of the ,white ,dove1 related  
by  ,froissart1 who tells that he heard 
from the ,lord d',estonnenort1 who      
witnessed it as well as many others1    
that when the oriflamme was  displayed1 
a white dove hovered round1 and making  
several circles1  settled on one of the 
banners of the ,king of ,france2 which  
was  considered an omen of victory4 ,the
 ,chronicle informs that it was the     
general opinion among men of arms1 that 
the defeat and death of ,philip  van    
,artevelde1 at the battle of            
,rosebecque1 was owing to his having1 in
  over-confidence in his numbers and    

anxiety to engage more quickly1  quitted
 a strong position1 which he had taken  
up with great judgment1 to  fight at a  
disadvantage in one where the compact   
mass of his ,flemish  infantry could be 
assailed on all sides by the cavalry of 
,france4 ,the  consequence was the      
well-known defeat and slaughter of      
,rosebecque1 in  which disastrous       
conflict ,froissart states the loss of  
the ,flemings to  have exceeded1 in the 
battle and pursuit1 upwards of thirty   
thousand4  ,when once seized with panic1
 they were unable to offer any          
resistance1  and in one dense disorderly
 crowd were slain without mercy4        
,froissart  describes the pursuit by the
 ,french1 as making a noise 8greater    
than if  all the armourers of ,bruxelles
 and ,paris had been there working at   
their  trade10 so constant was the      
clattering of maces and battle-axes on  
the  helmets of the unfortunate         
,flemings1 making a din that prevented  
any  other sound being heard4 ,such was 

the last scene in the career of ,philip 
van ,artevelde1 whose bold but          
ill-matured and irregular attempt to    
free  ,flanders from the despotic       
government of its feudal tyrants could  
scarcely have been successful under any 
circumstances at that period4  ,his body
 was sought among the slain1 and hanged 
upon a tree4    ,froissart exhibits     
strongly the aristocratic prejudices of 
the time in  his concluding remarks on  
this event2 which1 he says1 was 8very   
honourable to all ,christendom as well  
as to the nobility and gentry2 for  had 
those lowbred peasants succeeded1 there 
would have been unheard-of  cruelties   
practised1 to the destruction of all    
gentlemen1 by the common  people4#e ,the
 banners of the ,flemings in            
illumination are very  interesting1 as  
exhibiting the implements of the        
different trades1  precisely as in the  
flags of trades-unions of the present   
day4    ,illustration3 f,messire ,josse 
de ,hallebin1 killed before ,ghent4_/f  

,,plate ,,xvi4    ,,death ,,of ,,josse  
,,de ,,hallebin4      ,this             
,illumination represents the death of   
,sir ,josse de ,hallebin1 at the        
passage of ,long-pont1 one of the       
innumerable encounters and disasters    
consequent upon the revolt of ,flanders4
    ,illustration3 f,combat between     
,nicolas ,clifford and a ,french        
,knight4_/f          ,,plate ,,xvii4    
,,combat ,,between ,,nicholas ,,clifford
 ,,and ,a ,,french ,,knight4      ,this 
,illumination has been selected as      
exhibiting the mode and  ceremonial of a
 single combat1 and though coarsely and 
somewhat  carelessly executed1 it       
portrays1 with considerable graphic     
effect1 the  arrangements1 and positions
 of the witnesses1 judges1 and          
combatants1 on  such occasions4    ,it  
is intended to represent the encounter  
between an ,english esquire1  named     
,nicholas ,clifford1 and a ,french      
knight1 the latter of whom was  slain4  
,illustration3 f,jacob ,van ,arteveld   

holding his state in ,ghent4_/f         
,,plate ,,xviii4    ,,jacob ,,van       
,,artevelde ,,holding ,,state ,,in      
,,ghent4      ,though so frequently     
occurring in illuminated manuscripts of 
the  fifteenth century1 it has so       
happened that our selection of subjects 
has  not fallen on one containing a     
portraiture of the ,fool or ,jester--a  
prominent figure in the social groups of
 that period4    ,in the present        
miniature the artist has attempted to   
exhibit the great  state kept by ,jacob 
van ,artevelde1 who1 after assuming the 
supreme power  in ,flanders1 surrounded 
himself with men-at-arms1 numerous      
attendants1  not omitting the ,jester1  
it would seem1 and such a train of      
retainers as  was usual with the great  
,lords and ,sovereigns of that time4    
,illustration3 f,the ,queen of ,naples  
visits ,pope ,clement at ,rome4_/f      
,,plate ,,xix4    ,,visit ,,of ,,the    
,,queen ,,of ,,naples ,,to ,,pope       
,,clement4      ,queen ,joan of ,naples1

 the daughter of ,louis of ,sicily1     
remaining without  heirs1 having been   
four times married1 determined to fulfil
 the last  request of her father1 to the
 effect that1 should she die without    
offspring1 she should surrender ,naples1
 and all her other possessions1  to the 
church4 ,for this purpose she met       
,clement1 ,pope of ,avignon1 at  ,fondi1
 which interview is represented in the  
accompanying ,illumination4  ,pope      
,clement1 as is well known1 made over   
these possessions to the ,duke  of      
,anjou1 brother to the ,king of ,france4
    ,illustration3 f,galeas of ,milan   
surprises and imprisons his ,uncle4_/f  
,,plate ,,xx4    ,,galeas ,,visconti    
,,arrests ,,his ,,uncle4      ,galeas   
,visconti1 count of ,vertus1 imagining  
that his uncle1 ,sir ,bernabo           
,visconti1 duke of ,milan1 had some     
intention of dispossessing him of his   
,lordships1 proved himself the keener   
politician of the two1 by being         
beforehand with his uncle and arresting 

him4 ,he the more easily formed a  party
 for this purpose1 as ,sir ,bernabo had 
cruelly oppressed that part  of         
,lombardy over which he ruled4 ,sir     
,galeas fixed upon the opportunity  of  
his uncle's passing from one castle to  
another1 to waylay him1 by  three       
ambuscades1 as represented in the       
,illumination1 which it was  impossible 
to escape4 ,the person of ,sir ,bernabo 
being thus treacherously  secured1 he   
was thrown into prison1 where he died   
shortly after1 as it  is supposed1 by   
foul means4    ,the cotemporary opinion 
respecting events of this description   
may be  inferred from the circumstance  
that ,galeas ,visconti1 becoming thus   
duke  of ,milan1 was enabled to marry   
his daughter to the then most powerful  
prince in ,europe1 ,charles ,,vi41 king 
of ,france4    ,illustration3 f,the     
,funeral of ,jehan de ,lyon4_/f         
,,plate ,,xxi4    ,,the ,,funeral ,,of  
,,jehan ,,de ,,lyon4      ,froissart    
enters into great detail upon the       

subject of the petty  quarrels which he 
supposes led to the revolt of ,ghent4   
,the favour of  ,jehan de ,lyon with the
 ,earl of ,flanders1 and his subsequent 
disgrace1 he  makes one of the principal
 causes4 ,it is well known that ,jehan  
de ,lyon  was the leader of the first   
serious rising1 and the founder of the  
association called ,white-hoods4 ,after 
the taking of ,bruges1 he was  seized   
with sudden illness1 at the small town  
of ,damme1 8after having  supped in     
great revelry with the ladies of the    
place10 whence he was  carried on a     
litter to ,ardenburg1 where he died4    
,from the swelling of  his body and     
other symptoms1 it is supposed he was   
poisoned by some  agent of the ,earl of 
,flanders4 8,his body was conveyed to   
,ghent1 where he  was much beloved by   
all except the party of the earl4 ,the  
clergy went  out to meet the body1 and  
conducted it into the town with as much 
solemnity as if it had been that of the 
earl himself40 ,this is the  passage    

illustrated by the ,illuminator4        
,illustration3 f,the beheading of       
,silvester ,budes4_/f          ,,plate  
,,xxii4    ,,beheading ,,of ,,silvester 
,,budes4      ,silvester ,budes1        
marching against ,pope ,urban the       
,sixth1 was defeated by  ,sir ,john     
,hawkwood1 who commanded the ,papal     
forces1 and carried prisoner  to ,rome3 
he was in daily expectation of being put
 to death1 when he  effected his escape1
 and took shelter with the rival        
,pope--,clement1 at  ,avignon2 he was1  
however1 unfavourably received1 and at  
the instigation  of the ,cardinal of    
,amiens1 whose baggage and plate he had 
formerly  plundered to pay his soldiers1
 he was beheaded in the city of ,mascon4
  ,the ,illumination represents the     
headsman performing his office with a   
two-handed sword1 in the presence of the
 ,pope and ,cardinal4    ,illustration3 
f,the ,duke of ,burgundy and his        
,army4_/f          ,,plate ,,xxiii4     
,,the ,,duke ,,of ,,burgundy ,,entering 

,,chartres4      ,the ,duke of ,burgundy
 having received the command of an      
expedition from  his brother1 ,charles  
the ,fifth of ,france1 after taking     
several towns and  castles1 retired to  
,chartres to recruit his forces3 his    
entrance into  that town appears to be  
the subject of the present              
,illumination1 which1  surrounded by a  
rich border1 forms the frontispiece to a
 manuscript of  the ,chronicles of      
,froissart1 which are unfortunately     
incomplete1 the  first volume only being
 preserved in the collection of the     
,british  ,museum4 ,the background1 and 
some unimportant features1 have been    
slightly compressed1 to accommodate the 
subject to the size of our work2  in    
other respects1 the ,plate is an exact  
copy of the original1 which  exhibits in
 an interesting manner the              
party-coloured uniform of the  ,archers1
 and many other details of contemporary 
costume4    ,illustration3 f,the ,earl  
of ,flanders soliciting the aid of      

,charles_/f ,,vi4 fof ,france4_/f       
,,plate ,,xxiv4    ,,the ,,earl ,,of    
,,flanders ,,soliciting ,,aid ,,of      
,,charles ,,vi4 ,,of ,,france4      ,the
 ,earl of ,flanders1 finding his own    
force insufficient to cope with  his    
revolted subjects1 sought the aid of the
 young ,charles the ,sixth of  ,france1 
whose assistance1 readily granted1 led  
to the defeat of the  ,flemings1 and the
 death of ,philip ,van ,artevelde1 at   
the famous battle of  ,rosbecque4 ,the  
,illumination represents the ,earl      
soliciting the aid of  the ,king of     
,france at ,peronne1 where the interview
 took place4    ,illustration3 f,the    
,murder of the ,archbishop of           
,canterbury4_/f          ,,plate ,,xxv4 
,,the ,,murder ,,of ,,the ,,archbishop  
,,of ,,canterbury4      ,in the revolt  
headed by ,wat ,tyler1 ,john ,ball1 and 
others1 many excesses  were committed2  
among others1 the murder of the         
,archbishop of  ,canterbury1 in the     
,tower1 which1 according to ,froissart1 

happened in the  following              
manner3--8,the king having agreed to a  
parley with the rebels  in a meadow at  
,mile ,end1 passed out of the ,tower    
with his retinue1 for  the purpose of   
proceeding there2 the mob1 taking       
advantage of the open  gates1 rushed in1
 and running from chamber to chamber1 at
 last found the  ,archbishop of         
,canterbury1 who was ,chancellor of     
,england1 and put him  instantly to     
death40 ,they also murdered the ,prior  
of ,st4 ,john's1 and a  ,franciscan     
,friar1 a doctor of physic1 as          
represented in the  ,illumination4      
,illustration3 f,edward ,,iii4 before   
,rheims4_/f          ,,plate ,,xxvi4    
,,edward ,,iii4 ,,before ,,rheims4      
,the present ,plate represents ,king    
,edward the ,third before the city of   
,rheims1 whence it appears his followers
 proceeded to pillage the country  round
 to a considerable distance in every    
direction1 which our  chronicler navely 
terms1 8seeking adventures40 ,after     

seven weeks1 the  siege was abandoned1  
without attempting any serious assault2 
and the  scene of operations transferred
 to ,troyes and other places in         
,champagne1  where a similar mode of    
warfare was carried on4 ,the illuminator
 has  bestowed extraordinary pains in   
the enrichment of the tents and in      
delineating the cannon and other        
preparatives for a siege4 ,this ,plate  
is  from the fine ,manuscript in the    
,bibliothque ,royale1 ,paris4           
,illustration3 f,interview on the       
,thames between ,richard ,,ii and the   
,insurgents4_/f          ,,plate        
,,xxvii4    ,,interview ,,between       
,,richard ,,ii4 ,,and ,,the             
,,insurgents4      ,in the commencement 
of the ,wat ,tyler rebellion1 an        
interview was  attempted between the    
king and the rebels at ,rotherhithe1    
which is thus  described by             
,froissart3--    8,on ,corpus ,christi  
day1 ,king ,richard heard mass in the   
,tower of ,london1  with all his ,lords1

 and afterwards entered his barge1      
attended by the  ,earls of ,salisbury1  
,warwick1 and ,suffolk1 with other      
knights4 ,he rowed  down the ,thames    
towards ,rotherhithe1 a manor belonging 
to the ,crown1  where were upwards of   
ten thousand men1 who had come from     
,blackheath to  see the king and to     
speak to him3 when they perceived his   
barge  approach1 they set up such shouts
 and cries as if all the devils in hell 
had been in their company4 ,they had    
their knight1 ,sir ,john ,newtoun1 with 
them3 for in case the king did not come 
and they found he had made a  jest of   
them1 they would1 as they threatened1   
have cut him to pieces4  ,when the king 
and his lords saw this crowd and the    
wildness of their  manner1 there was not
 one among them so bold and determined  
but felt  alarmed3 the king was advised 
by his barons not to land1 but to have  
his  barge rowed up and down the river4 
#8,what do you wish for8' demanded the  
king2 #8,i am come hither to hear what  

you have to say4' ,those near him  cried
 out1 #8,we wish thee to land1 when we  
will remonstrate with thee and  tell    
thee more at our ease what our wants    
are4' ,the ,earl of ,salisbury  then    
replied for the king1 and said1         
#8,gentlemen1 you are not properly      
dressed1 or in fit condition for the    
king to talk with you4' ,nothing  more  
was said2 for the king was advised to   
return to the ,tower of  ,london1 from  
whence he had set out40                 
,illustration3 f,lord ,charles of ,blois
 obtains possession of the town of      
,jugon4_/f          ,,plate ,,xxviii4   
,,lord ,,charles ,,of ,,blois           
,,obtaining ,,possession ,,of ,,jugon4  
,between the feasts of ,st4 ,remy and   
,all ,saints in the year #acdb1 a rich  
merchant of ,jugon was taken prisoner by
 a follower of the ,lord ,charles  of   
,blois4 ,being in fear of his life1 he  
agreed to betray the town into  the     
hands of the ,lord ,charles1 upon being 
set free2 and he had every  opportunity 

of doing so1 as he was so much respected
 that none had any  suspicion of his    
intentions4 ,the gate was thrown open at
 midnight1 and  ,lord ,charles obtained 
possession of the place1 but the        
citizens having  retreated to the       
castle1 and with them the treacherous   
merchant1 his  treason was soon         
discovered1 and he was hanged outside   
the battlements  before the surrender of
 the castle4    ,illustration3 f,the    
,battle of ,poictiers4_/f               
,,plate ,,xxix4    ,,battle ,,of        
,,poictiers4      ,the present beautiful
 ,illumination is a spirited composition
 full of  movement and invention1       
representing the great victory of       
,poictiers  gained by the ,black ,prince
 over ,king ,john of ,france1 whose army
 numbered  seven to one of the ,english4
 ,the ,illumination is especially       
intended to  exhibit the great havoc and
 confusion caused by the ,english       
archers  among the ,french horsemen1    
which1 as ,froissart asserts1 mainly    

contributed to the fortune of the day4  
,illustration3 f,,evan of ,wales        
assassinated before                     
,mortmain-sur-mer4_/f          ,,plate  
,,xxx4    ,,assassination ,,of ,,evan   
,,of ,,wales4      8,evan of ,wales10   
says ,froissart1 8was the son of a      
,prince of ,wales1 whom  ,king ,edward1 
for some reason ,i am ignorant of1 had  
put to death1 and  seized his           
principality1 which he had given to his 
son the ,prince of  ,wales40 ,evan      
having gone to ,france to lay his       
complaint before the  ,french ,king1    
received the command of a body of men1  
and much annoyed the  ,english on many  
occasions2 he eventually laid siege to  
the town of  ,mortmain in ,poitou2      
during the siege it was his custom to   
seat himself  in the open air1 to have  
his hair combed and plaited1 attended   
only by  one ,john ,lamb1 by whom1 on   
one of these occasions1 he was          
treacherously  stabbed to death with a  
short ,spanish dagger1 and not the      

singular  weapon represented by the     
illuminator4 ,it appears from an entry  
relating  to the expenses of the war1   
that ,lamb received a hundred francs    
recompense for this deed1 as one        
exceedingly agreeable to the ,prince of 
,wales4    ,illustration3 f,the ,earl of
 ,flanders receives the men of          
,ghent4_/f          ,,plate ,,xxxi4     
,,earl ,,of ,,flanders ,,and ,,citizens 
,,of ,,ghent4      ,this ,illumination  
represents an interview between the     
citizens of ,ghent  and the ,earl of    
,flanders1 and is very carefully        
executed in every  detail4 ,it was      
principally selected1 however1 for the  
purpose of  introducing a portion of the
 rich border which surrounds the page of
  which it forms a part4                
,illustration3 f,the ,earl of ,flanders 
directing the ,repairs of               
,oudenarde4_/f          ,,plate ,,xxxii4
    ,,the ,,earl ,,of ,,flanders        
,,repairs ,,oudenarde4      ,this       
,illumination has been selected for the 

purpose of showing masons at  work in   
the fifteenth century1 which it does in 
a very graphic and  interesting manner4 
,illustration3 f,the ,duke of ,brittany 
and the ,earl of ,buckingham  concerting
 the ,siege of ,nantes4_/f              
,,plate ,,xxxiii4    ,,the ,,earl ,,of  
,,buckingham ,,and ,,the ,,duke ,,of    
,,brittany ,,concert ,,the ,,siege ,,of 
,,nantes4      ,the ,earl of ,buckingham
 7the ,compte de ,bouquingh1 as he is   
called in the  ,chronicles17 being      
appointed to the command of a force     
despatched to the  assistance of the    
,duke of ,brittany1 their meeting is    
thus described by  ,froissart3--        
8,fair brother of ,brittany10 said the  
,earl1 8it shall not be long1 if you    
follow my advice1 before you punish     
these rebels2 for1 with the forces      
which you have yourself1 and those we   
have brought1 with the additional       
reinforcements that may arrive from     
,england every day1 we shall bring  your
 subjects into such a state of          

submission that they will gladly  throw 
themselves on your mercy4 ,with these1  
and such like speeches1 they  conversed 
for a long time1 when each returned to  
his hotel4 ,on the  morrow they rode out
 together2 it was then settled that the 
council10  c4 c4    ,the ,illumination  
exhibits the arms of ,brittany and      
,england correctly2  and the rich       
housings of the leaders' horses are     
executed with good  effect4             
,illustration3 f,the ,battle of         
,montiel4_/f          ,,plate ,,xxxiv4  
,,the ,,battle ,,of ,,montiel4      ,don
 ,pedro1 ,king of ,castille1 having been
 excommunicated by the ,pope1 and  his  
bastard brother1 ,don ,henry1 having    
been legitimated and declared  king1 a  
fierce contention commenced between     
them--,pedro seeking  alliances among   
the ,moors and ,jews of ,spain2 and     
,henry assistance from  the free        
companies of ,france and ,brittany4     
,after many vicissitudes and  battles1  
gained and lost1 on both sides1 a       

decisive engagement took  place near    
,montiel1 which ended in the complete   
rout of the army of  ,pedro4 ,froissart 
thus commences his description of this  
famous  battle3--8,this battle1 of      
,spaniards against ,spaniards1 and two  
brother  kings with their allies1 near  
,montiel1 was very grand and horrible4  
,many  were the good knights on ,king   
,henry's side2 such as ,sir ,bertrand du
  ,guesclin1 ,sir ,godfrey ,ricon1 ,sir 
,arnold de ,simonsin1 ,sir ,gauvain de  
,bailleul1 ,le ,bgue de ,villaines1     
,alain de ,st4 ,pot1 ,aliot de ,calais1 
and  the ,bretons who were there4 ,from 
the kingdom of ,arragon were the        
,viscount de ,rocabarti1 the ,viscount  
de ,rodais1 and many other good  knights
 and squires1 whom ,i cannot name1 who  
performed various gallant  deeds of     
arms1 as1 in truth1 they had full need3 
they had strange people  to encounter1  
such as ,moors and ,portuguese4 ,the    
,jews who were there very  soon turned  
their backs1 and would not fight2 but   

those from ,granada and  ,bellmarine    
fought valiantly3 they were armed with  
bows and lances1 of  which they made    
good use1 and behaved themselves right  
well4 ,don ,pedro  was in the midst1    
and1 with intrepid courage1 fought      
valiantly with his  battle-axe1 that    
scarcely any dared to come near him40   
,seeing all hope  of escape vain1 ,pedro
 surrendered himself to the ,bgue de    
,villaines1 who  promised not to give   
him up to his brother1 and concealed him
 in his own  tent2 but 8he had not been 
there an hour1 when ,king ,henry and the
  ,viscount de ,rocabarti1 with their   
attendants1 but not in great numbers1   
came hither4 ,as soon as ,king ,henry   
had entered the chamber where ,don      
,pedro was1 he said1 #8,where is the son
 of a ,jewish whore1 who calls  himself 
,king of ,castille6' ,don ,pedro1 who   
was a bold as well as a cruel  man1     
stepped forward1 and said1 #8,why1 thou 
art the ,son of a whore1 and ,i  am the 
son of ,alphonso4' ,on saying this1 he  

caught hold of ,king ,henry in  his     
arms1 began to wrestle with him1 and    
being the strongest1 threw him  down    
under him upon a #8materat de soye1' and
 placing his hand on his  poniard1 he   
would infallibly have killed him1 if the
 ,viscount de  ,rocabarti had not been  
present1 who1 seizing ,don ,pedro by the
 legs1  turned him over1 by which means1
 ,king ,henry being uppermost1          
immediately  drew a long poniard1 which 
he wore in his sash1 and plunged it into
 his  body4 ,his attendants entered the 
tent1 and helped to despatch him4 99 99 
99  ,thus died ,don ,pedro1 ,king of    
,castille1 who had formerly reigned in  
great  prosperity4 ,those who had slain 
him1 left him three days unburied1 which
  was a pity1 for the sake of humanity2 
and the ,spaniards made their joke  upon
 him40    ,this is one of the finest and
 most elaborate ,illuminations of the   
famous  ,,ms4 of the ,bibliothque       
,royale2--the number of single combats1 
the  picturesque costumes of the ,moors1

 and the general rush and confusion of  
the mele1 7in the midst of which ,pedro 
is seen wielding his  formidable        
battle-axe17 are most capitally         
pourtrayed1 and every part is  finished 
with the greatest care and precision4   
,the landscape exhibits  the romantic1  
rocky character which distinguish nearly
 all the finest of  the pictures in     
these beautiful volumes2 and in the     
present instance it  is treated with    
great care and finish4    ,illustration3
 f,the ,chanoine of ,robesart takes     
,jaffre4_/f          ,,plate ,,xxxv4    
,,the ,,canon ,,of ,,robesart           
,,surprises ,,the ,,town ,,of ,,jaffre4 
,this ,illumination represents one of   
the exploits of the warlike ,canon of   
,robesart4 ,to convey an idea of        
surprise1 the illuminator has exhibited 
an inhabitant of the town coming out of 
the gate1 fingering his  walking-stick  
with an air of self-satisfaction that   
evidently shows he  has no idea even of 
the approach of the enemy--who already  

stand ranged  close to the walls1 with a
 formidable piece of artillery1 which   
looks as  likely to be detrimental to   
themselves as their adversaries4        
,illustration3 f,john ,ball             
,preaching4_/f          ,,plate ,,xxxvi4
    ,,john ,,ball ,,preaching4          
,john ,ball1 a priest1 was one of the   
chief instigators of the rebellion  of  
#acha4 ,he harangued the people of his  
village every ,sunday after mass2  and  
as he preached equality of rank and     
property1 he was soon popular  among the
 lower orders2 and when the men of      
,kent1 ,essex1 c41 c41  marched to      
,london1 he1 with ,jack ,straw1 and ,wat
 ,tyler1 became one of  their leaders4  
,after the fall of ,wat ,tyler1 and the 
dispersion of the  rebels in            
,smithfield1 ,john ,ball and ,jack      
,straw concealed themselves in a  ruin1 
but were betrayed by their own men1 and 
beheaded4 ,in this  ,illumination the   
names of ,john ,ball and ,waultre le    
,tieullier are written  in white on the 

respective dresses1 which would seem to 
render it  probable that they are actual
 portraits4      ,,footnotes3    #a     
,this and the following ,illuminations  
are from the famous ,gruthyse  ,,ms4 in 
the ,paris ,library4    #b ,see ,smith's
 ,edition of ,froissart1 vol4 i41 page  
#ac4    #c ,for a most interesting      
account of his meeting with the ,spanish
  fleet off ,rochelle1 his defeat1      
captivity1 and death1 see ,smith's      
edition of ,froissart1 ,vol4 ,i4 pp4    
#dgj1 #dga1 #dge1 and #eja4    #d ,see  
,smith's edition of ,froissart1 vol4 i4 
page #gbd4    #e ,see ,smith's edition  
of ,froissart1 vol4 i4 p4 #gdf4