,,art ,,pr9ciples ,,9 ,,lit]ature ,illu/ration ,,! ,,macmillan ,,company ,,new ,,york ,,bo/on ,,*icago ,,dallas ,,atlanta ,,san ,,francisco ,,macmillan ,,co41 ,,limit$ ,,london ,,bombay ,,calcutta ,,melb\rne ,,! ,,macmillan ,,co4 ,,( ,,canada1 ,,ltd4 ,,toronto ,,art ,,pr9ciples ,,9 ,,lit]ature ,,by ,,francis ,p4 ,,donnelly1 ,s4,j4 ,illu/ration ,,! ,,macmillan ,,company ,,publi%]s ,,new ,,york ,,mcmxxv ,,pr9t$ ,,9 ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,( ,,am]ica ,,copyright1 #aibc1 ,,by ,,! ,,macmillan ,,company4 ,,set ,,up ,,& ,,pr9t$4 ,,publi%$ ,,octob]1 #aibc4 ,,repr9t$ ,,april1 #aibe4 ,,repr9t$ ,,july1 #aibh4 ,,wynkoop ,,hall5beck ,,craw=d ,,company1 ,,new ,,york1 ,u4 ,s4 ,a4 ,,introduction ,9 ! ,art ( ,int]e/+ 7,k5$y1 #aibj7 ! writ] began a discussion ( ! pr9ciples ( art & ( _! application to writ+ & speak+4 ,9 ?is "w ! discussion is c>ri$ fur!r & is n re/rict$ to ! "o feature ( ar\s+ & fix+ att5tion1 especially 9 oratory1 :i* 0 ! *ief topic ( ! ,art ( ,int]e/+4 ,! foll[+ *apt]s repres5t ! reactions ( ! writ] to lit]ature bo? z compos$ today & z taught 9 our s*ools4 ,any active m9d1 bewild]$ by ! ceaseless exp]im5t+ 9 lit]ature & education1 & n satisfi$ ) a passive acceptance ( ev5 excell5t critics1 is necess>ily =c$ back ^u fir/ pr9ciples4 ,su* a m9d w n yield to ! despair ( skepticism1 t !re are no fir/ pr9ciples1 nor to ! despair ( agno/icism1 t !re may be su* pr9ciples b we _c "k !m1 nor yet to ! despair ( pragmatism1 t we mu/ wait & see :e!r ! human race ages f n[ w give u assurance t !re really are pr9ciples ( art because ! la/ man has se5 t ^! pr9ciples h be5 f\nd to "w up to ! mom5t prior to :i* he jo9$ ,tutankham54 ,art1 j z morals & pure sci5ce1 diff]s entirely f ! natural sci5ces1 :i* are g5]alizations bas$ ^u acquir$ in=mation & mu/ *ange z long z ! in=mation ^u :i* !y are bas$ c be modifi$ & enl>g$4 ,b :]e1 z 9 art or pure sci5ce1 pr9ciples are bas$ on f9al tru?s1 ! pr9ciples h also a f9ality & c only be reject$ if _! basis c be *ang$ or modifi$4 ,ari/otle's pr9ciples h some?+ ( t f9ality4 ,ari/otle _h = 8 /udy a body ( lit]ature t has = c5turies met ) ! approval ( ! be/ ta/e 9 e age & ( e critic4 ,ari/otle's biology or physics are n f9al1 b 8 e?ics1 8 logic1 8 e/hetics are 9 measurable di/ance ( f9ality except :]e "s additions h be5 made to ! mat]ials ^u :i* he bas$ 8 analysis4 ,9 religion1 because ( revelation1 9 music because ( discov]ies 9 in/rum5tation1 & p]haps 9 o!r arts1 "t has add$ to ! orig9al /ore1 b 9 lit]ature !re are few additions to ! fields :i* lay be=e ,ari/otle1 & subsequ5t ages h n develop$ any ke5] analytical p[]s ?an ^? ( ,ari/otle4 ,x is ,ari/otle's pr9ciples t 9 ! ma9 h dom9at$ ! writ]'s reactions to mod]n art & lit]ature4 ,:5 ,greek lit]ature held an honor$ place 9 our s*ools1 !re 0 less ne$ ( insi/+ on obvi\s tru?s ( art4 ,! int5se mod]nism n[ pr$om9at+ ev]y:]e has driv5 classical lit]ature & classical me?ods f s*ool & life4 ,hi/ory is mod]niz$ too or fails to supply ! vital contact ) ! ev]-liv+ pa/ :i* e>li] s*ools exp]i5c$ 9 ! poets1 hi/orians1 orators & philosoph]s ( ,greece & ,rome4 ,s-call$ cultural subjects 9 mod]n education are *iefly in=mational4 ,culture is a ^w :i* calls = def9ition1 b on its intellectual side at lea/1 culture = ! l>ge/ numb] ( p]sons 9 ! _w c be gaug$ mo/ satisfactorily by _! appreciation ( lit]ature & by _! capacity to produce lit]ature4 ,! /udy ( lit]ature z an art is ! *ief topic ( ?is book1 & ,ari/otle's great pr9ciples ne$ all ! m /ress+ n[ t 8 philosophy ( art & ! supreme lit]ature on :i* he bas$ 8 conclusions are pass+ away f pres5t-day consci\sness4 ,! *apt]s t foll[ are popul> r ?an sci5tific 9 pres5tation4 ,read]s :o seek a full] & wid] view may be int]e/$ 9 su* a "w z ,b5$etto ,croce's /hetic1 f ! ,italian by ,d\glas ,a9slie4 ,its hi/orical summ>y1 especially = mod]n times1 is valuable & good4 ,= ! ,greeks & e>li] p]iods1 ,but*]'s ,ari/otle's ,!ory ( ,poetry & ,f9e ,arts is easily be/4 ,pr(essor ,rhys ,rob]ts' editions ( ! works ( ,dionysius1 ,long9us & ,demetrius are excell5t = ! traditions ( classical rhetoric1 a tradition weak 9 ,am]ica4 ,9 !ory ,croce is an extreme intellectuali/ 9 ! pr9ciples ( art4 ,he locates all ( e/hetics 9 pure intuition1 :i* is 8lyrical10 t is1 emotional1 because x repres5ts 8! /ates ( ! s\l10 8passionality1 feel+1 p]sonality40 ,= ,croce 8natural beauty is simply a /imulus to e/hetic reproduction1 :i* presupposes previ\s production40 ,he is !re=e an ideali/ 9 8 conception ( beauty4 ,ev5 monum5ts ( art seem to be only 8/imulants to e/hetic reproduction0 & are n beautiful 9 !mselves4 ,9 ano!r place1 h[ev]1 ,croce seems to be a reali/4 8,art is gov]n$ entirely by imag9ation2 its only ri*es are images4 ,art does n classify objects nor pron\nce !m real or imag9>y nor qualify !m nor def9e !m4 ,art feels & repres5ts !m4 ,9 z f> z x appreh5ds #8! real' imm$iately be=e x is modifi$ & made cle> by ! concept1 x mu/ be call$ pure intuition40 ,q to ! o!r extreme 9 !ory goes ,! ,psy*ology ( ,beauty by ,e!l ,d4 ,puff]4 ,?is au?or has mu* ab\t s5sations & _! physiology & b little ab\t ideas4 ,= ,croce ! la/ /age is 9 ! idea2 = ,puff] x w\ld seem to be 9 ! "w ( art4 8,! l[-ly+ wide expanse ( "s ( ! old ,dut* l&scapi/s give u repose1 n because !y rem9d u ( ! peaceful happ9ess ( ! l& b because we _c melt ourselves into all ^? horizontal l9es )\t ! re/ful feel+ :i* accompanies su* relaxation40 ,?is passage might almo/ class ! writ] ) ! ,e9fhlung s*ool1--! s*ool :i* gives ,rusk9's 8pa!tic fallacy0 a numb] ( advocates4 ,pa!tic fallacy 0 a complete misnom] :5 appli$ by ,rusk9 to ! well-kn[n tropes ( metaphor & p]sonification4 ,k+sley 0 n insane en\gh to imag9e t a wave 0 actually cruel & actually crawl$4 ,he lik5$ ! wave t dr[n$ to a wild animal4 ,b ! s*ool ( ,lipps 9 ,g]many desires y to moan ) ! w9d & smile ) ! rose & lie flat ) pa9t$ horizontal l9es4 ,p]haps ,puff]'s =mula ( /imulation ) repose & ,croce's =mula ( intuition ) lyricism c be reconcil$ ) ,aqu9as' def9ition ( ! beautiful1 qu visa plac5t4 ,a /udy ( ,maurice ,de ,wulf's excell5t little volume ,l'uvre d',art et la ,beaut gives u briefly & cle>ly ! neo-s*ola/ic solution ( ! e/hetic problem4 ,! book is a good example ( ! reasonable discussion :i* has won = s*ola/ic philosophy ! univ]sal designation z ! philosophy ( common s5se4 ,longhaye's ,?orie des ,belles ,lettres1 :i* is s*ola/ic philosophy appli$ to lit]ature1 is ano!r cle> & sane pres5tation ( ! pr9ciples ( ! art4 ,! read] :o desires to supplem5t ! popul> exposition ( ?is book ) a sy/ematic treatise on ! e/hetic & its application to lit]ature is recomm5d$ to ,de ,wulf & to ,longhaye4 ,engli% is ri* 9 criticism b is defici5t 9 works treat+ ( ! philosophy ( beauty 9 lit]ature4 ,,cont5ts ,,page ,,introduction ,connection ) au?or's ,art ( ,int]e/+--,ne$ ( pr9ciples ( an art amid/ viol5t exp]im5tation 9 art & education--,ari/otle's pr9ciples valid except :]e ! basis ( 8 d$uctions has be5 modifi$--,) ,greek lit]ature leav+ our s*ools1 ,greek ta/e is ne$$ aga9/ excessive mod]nism--,rec5t art discussions-- ,croce's /hetic2 ,puff]'s ,psy*ology ( ,beauty2 ,de ,wulf's ,l'uvre d',art et la ,beaut v ,,art ,,pr9ciples ,,9 ,,lit]ature ,,"p ,,fir/ ,,art ,,9 ,,! ,,appreciation ,,( ,,lit]ature ,i ,,art ,,& ,,! ,,individual #a4 ,,individualism ,,& ,,responsibility #a ,talk+ to oneself 9 art--,*aos 9 religion1 morals & art f un*eck$ individualism--,altruism a bett] pr9ciple--,responsibility inevitable--,responsibility a help1 no h9drance to ! arti/--,greek drama2 ,italian ,madonnas2 ,horace4 ,,ii ,,art ,,& ,,! ,,individual #b4 ,,vag>ies ,,( ,,individualism #h ,mod]n lit]ature & art & a s5se ( humor--,fiction1 biographical & pa?ological--,new poetry %all[--,riot ( emotionalism--,novel ( satire1 ,european cont95tal type orig9at+ 9 l[ com$y--,novel ( ,scott1 epic 9 orig9--,nature1 exp]i5ce1 wisdom1 ! rem$ies ( individualism4 ,,iii ,,art ,,& ,,human ,,nature #a4 ,,! ,,univ]sal ,,elem5t #ad ,art movem5ts beg9 9 nature--,art is social--,p]man5ce ( lit]ature due to univ]sal appeal--,! cam]a & ! canvas--,p]sonality & individuality--,%ock ( n]ves n ! m5tal ?rill ( art4 ,,iv ,,art ,,& ,,human ,,nature #b4 ,,realism ,,& ,,reality #bj ,real cake ( soap on a pa9t$ wave--,art a di/9ct _w f reality--,motivation1 n ?r\gh logical discussion b ?r\gh probable incid5t--,pa9t+ 9 ! cake ( soap--,realism depress+ because ( cynic moraliz+--,evil 9 ,%akespe>e & ,hom]1 reliev$ by pa?os & humor1 n depress+4 ,v ,,art ,,& ,,! ,,div9e #a4 ,,religi\s ,,orig9 ,,( ,,art #bf ,ri* tombs ( ! pa/ te/ify to belief 9 immortality--,cro-,magnon cave pictures probably religi\s--,e>lie/ art ( all nations due to religion--,danc+1 song1 music1 sculpture1 ar*itecture1 drama1 epic--,go?ic ca!dral ( religi\s middle-ages1 syn!sis ( all arts4 ,,vi ,,art ,,& ,,! ,,div9e #b4 ,,! ,,k9%ip ,,( ,,art ,,& ,,religion #ca ,hebraism1 ,puritanism1 ,islamism1 react+ aga9/ art & ! result--,explanation ( ! orig9 ( art--,ta9e's environm5t !ory--,sp5c]'s play !ory--,!ory ( fe> & magic spells--,adequate explanation f\nd 9 man's intellectual nature--,art l religion intellectual--,art & religion ideali/ic--,p]sonal & emotional--,art & religion social 9 appeal--,sublimity ( art & ! revelation ( ,g5esis--,h>moni\s equation betwe5 s\l & ! tru? ( reality1 betwe5 s\l & ! good ( morality1 same z equation betwe5 s\l & beauty1 all f\nd$ on ! fact t bo? s\l & triple reality are images ( ,god4 ,,vii ,,art ,,& ,,! ,,div9e #c4 ,,art ,,9 ,,its ,,relation ,,to ,,virtue #ci ,! !omorphism ( man 9 ! ?reefold t5d5cy ( sci5ce1 morality & art--,religion1 a virtue2 art1 a function ( p]ceptions--,rusk9's s*ool ( ! religion ( beauty--,moraliz+ n a function ( art--,e/heticism nei!r asceticism nor s5sualism--,evil 9 art to be repres5t$ z evil--,evil to be a rationaliz$ elem5t--,contempor>y evil excites feel+s ( reality--,art & religion ennobl+--,art & religion purify+--,creation & dis9t]e/$ness mo/ div9e elem5ts 9 art4 ,,viii ,,! ,,visc]al ,,te/ ,,( ,,beauty ,! critic's equipm5t--,defective philosophy ( "s mod]n critics1 ,m5ck51 ,murry1 ,coh5--,ugly 9 art & its subdual--,e/hetic feel+ n concupisc5ce--,dis9t]e/$ness ( beauty excludes s5suality ( appetites--,visc]al reactions n f beauty #dh ,,"p ,,second ,,art ,,9 ,,! ,,tea*+ ,,( ,,lit]ature ,,ix ,,look+ ,,=w>d ,,9 ,,lit]ature ,lit]ature taught = use 9 ,greece1 ,rome1 & else:]e--,sci5ce & hi/ory always *ang+2 lit]ature la/+--,object ( lit]ature 9 univ]sity--,true humanism1 equipp+ man's faculties ) art--,e s*ool subject tea*es its l--,correlations ( lit]ature & creation--,contempor>y lit]ature n suitable--,sci5tific /udy p>tly2 arti/ic /udy is :olly satisfy+ #eg ,x ,,unify+ ,,education ,,?r\gh ,,lit]ature ,necessity ( unity--,9 univ]sity ?r\gh pr(ession--,no unity 9 college electivism--,unity impair$ by dep>tm5ts & by specializ+--,unity 9 ,france1 ,g]many & ,engl&--,dep>tm5tal sy/em de/roy+ ! art appeal ( lit]ature--,sci5ce ?r\gh kn[+2 art ?r\gh do+--,rec5t m5tal te/s acc5tuate expression & language--,g5]al education ?r\gh art ( lit]ature #fd ,,xi ,,! ,,int]e/+ ,,tea*] ,,( ,,lit]ature ,spread ( sci5ce--,sy/em & elim9at+ ( p]sonality--,diss]tations = ! doctorate--,s*ol>ly means encyclop$ic--,! imp]sonal lectur]--,ju/9 ,mc,carthy's tea*] & 8 me?ods--,n sci5tific specialization1 b ex]cise ( m5tal p[]s--,=mulas & p]sonality--,ano!r int]e/+ tea*]--,lit]ature educates equally ) sci5ce--,! ideal #gj ,,xii ,,educat+ ,,! ,,emotions ,life full ( emotions--,emotions int5se 9 our cr[d$ civilization--,morale1 organiz$ emotion--,emotions neglect$ 9 education--,education ( facts dom9at+ s*ools--,tw(old nature ( emotions--,emotions f concrete imag9+--,k9dl$ by contact--,lit]ature embodim5t ( emotions--,emotions develop$ by self-expression & controll$ by ex]cise #hc ,,xiii ,,keep ,,! ,,classics ,,b ,,tea* ,,!m ,classics to be kept b taught diff]5tly--,=m] help ( translation--,lit]ature ov]:elm$ by erudition--,g]many1 ,france1 ,engl&1 ,am]ica--,true use ( erudition--,natural sci5ces *ange2 art endures--,reproduction1 ! s\l ( lit]>y tea*+--,me?od ( tra9+--,mod]n lit]atures n yet able to supplant anci5t lit]atures #ia ,,xiv ,,! ,,vitaliz] ,,( ,,! ,,_w ,lit]>y r5aissances associat$ ) ,greek lit]ature--,revivals ?r\gh ,iri% monks--,spa91 ,france1 ,s*ola/icism--,g]many ) ,wolf1 ,w9ckelmann1 ,less+--,engl& "u ,que5 ,anne & ,que5 ,victoria--,y\? ( civilization 9 ,greece #ajj ,,xv ,,true ,,pr9ciples ,,( ,,hom]ic ,,criticism ,/ory ( ,phidias' /atue & ,hom]--,hom] te/$ by art--,flaws 9 mat]ial--,absorption 9 imm$iate effects--,told /ory diff]5t f /ory read--,outl9e ( a /udy on a broad scale--,v>iety1 alt]nation1 gr[? 9 ,hom]ic battl+--,hom]ic palace1 ! place ( ,hom]'s recital #ajf ,,xvi ,,! ,,*ild-,,te/ ,,( ,,lit]ature ,*ild-te/ 9 religion & morals1 9 ! ,bible--,hom]'s "m & *ild--,hector & ,&roma*e--,*ild 9 lat] lit]ature r>e--,lat9 writ]s--,conv5tionality in/ead ( ,hom]ic naturalness #aad ,,xvii ,,! ,,*ri/-,,*ild ,,te/ ,,( ,,lit]ature ,*ri/-,*ild 9 art--,*ri/mas & ! drama--,9 ,irel&--,m$ieval & ,r5aissance writ]s--,milton's w>-l *ild--,wordswor?1 ,%elley1 ,t5nyson1 ,longfell[--,return ( naturalness 9 ,/ev5son1 ,c>roll & o!rs--,fai? & its effects 9 ,?ompson & ,tabb #aai ,,app5dix ,,greek ,,speaks ,,= ,,itself ,mosaic ( etymology--,ecclesia/ical sph]e--,diet1 posies & programs--,geography1 zoology1 politics--,ph>macies & surg]y--,s*ools & composition--,apology & epitaph #abi ,,note3 ,,! ,,nature ,,( ,,e/hetic ,,enjoym5t ,own]%ip n ( ! ess5ce ( beauty z ( good--,p]ception suffici5t = ! enjoym5t ( ! beautiful--,no new faculty requir$--,pleasure is normal life consci\sly localiz$--,e/hetic ,enjoym5t 9 ! simple appreh5sion1 n 9 judgm5t or inf]5ce z su*--,fact n ( ! ess5ce ( e/hetic enjoym5t1 :i* is _h 9 fiction too--,causa ,exempl>is--,imag9ation1 s\rce ( orig9ality--,ari/otle's pr9ciples3 creation1 motivation1 unity1 univ]sality #acd ,a ,,=w>d-,,look+ ,,lesson ,,9 ,,lit]ature #aei ,,art ,,pr9ciples ,,9 ,,lit]ature ,,"p ,,fir/ ,,art ,,9 ,,! ,,appreciation ,,( ,,lit]ature ,i ,,art ,,& ,,! ,,individual #a4 ,,individualism ,,& ,,responsibility ,a gr\p 0 /&+ be=e a futuri/ or cubi/ picture4 ,! gr\p did n "k :at ! picture 0 all ab\t1 b "o spoke up 9 def5se ( ! bewild]+ "w3 8,well1 aft] all1 art is a language1 & :y %\ldn't a man be p]mitt$ to speak 8 own language80 ,a by/&]1 n d>+ to address /rang]s1 made answ] "u 8 brea?3 8,if art is a language1 ?is arti/ is talk+ to himself40 ,maudl91 incoh]5t rem>ks1 disjo9t$ utt]ances1 & 9 g5]al talk+ to "o's self1 all t1 does n pass = high art among m51 b = some?+ q diff]5t4 ,to talk to "o's self is ! extreme ( individualism 9 conv]sation2 to ignore ! _w address$ ?r\gh arti/ic composition is ! triumph ( individualism 9 art4 ,! abrupt break ) all tradition 9 e art1 & ! untrammel$ expression ( ! individual1 h work$ out to ! inevitable & biz>re conclusions :i* a l rebellion has br\ght ab\t 9 religion & morals4 ,e man 8 own dogmati/2 e man 8 own morali/2 t is ! individualism :i* has divid$ mank9d into multitud9\s sects & has made millions ( moral1 unmoral & immoral morali/s eag] = legislation ( inf9ite v>iety )\t any fix$ pr9ciples to en=ce ! obs]vance ( ev5 "o law4 ,consci5ce1 ! executive impulse ( all legislation1 us$ to be ! voice ( ,god1 b individualism has made x any?+ f a survival ( ! fitte/ or an economic /&>d1 ?r\gh c\ntless v>ieties all ! way to a ,freudian complex4 ,individualism has run amuck 9 art f classicism to cubism4 ,x is a b>r5 day :i* does n produce a new sy/em ( religion or morals1 & only ! occurr5ce ( e>?quake1 w>1 fire or "s o!r trem5d\s upheaval keeps our j\rnals f record+ "s new !ory ( art1 "s ,tomism1 ,dickism or ,h>ryism4 ,art = art's sake has be5 giv5 an individuali/ic int]pretation & has produc$ ! same ri* crop1 z ! individuali/ic cry1 e man 8 own dogmati/ & morali/1 has produc$--a ri* crop ( we$s4 ,if ev] an individual c\ld pursue 8 blissful way oblivi\s ( ! exi/5ce ( a surr\nd+ univ]se1 surely he may n d s n[ :5 ! univ]se imp+es ^u him e mom5t ?r\gh tick]1 telephone1 wireless & unlimit$ 8extras40 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 no su* ?+ z unre/rict$ individualism4 ,( ,god alone c be pr$icat$ exi/5ce = its own sake4 ,ev]ybody 8 own dogmati/ means ultimately ev]ybody 8 own god4 ,art = art's sake1 int]pret$ 9 an individuali/ic s5se1 w\ld n only de/roy art b w\ld de/roy ! _w4 ,art = art's sake %\ld read art = ev]ybody's sake & = ! sake ( ,god1 & su* a read+ w be inf9itely bett] = art's sake4 ,x 0 an ,iri% colle51 accept+ matrimony z a complete subm]g5ce ( individuality1 :o repli$ to a fri5d dwell+ on ! dang]s ( a long ocean trip to be tak5 by ! new bride & groom3 8,& :y %\ld ,i be afraid1 sure 'tis 8 loss if any?+ happ5 to me n[60 ,%e 0 ! c\nt]p>t ( ! ,iri% lad :o sang "u simil> circum/ances1 8,i'm n myself at all40 ,!re y h ! complete altruism result+ f ! p]fect union ( matrimony4 ,!re is ! anti!sis ( individualism1 & su* matrimonial communism is f> bett] = e "o ?an any cry ( 8wife = wife's sake0 or 8husb& = husb&'s sake40 ,x is q evid5t t no arti/ c exempt himself f responsibility z ?\gh 8 art 7 a deity4 ,if a picture or /atue or poem w\ld be an inc5tive to murd] or suicide1 ! arti/ mu/ /ay 8 h&4 ,he may n manufacture bombs = s\l de/ruction1 no matt] h[ arti/ic ! conta9]1 ev5 if someone else is to supply ! detonator4 ,a lie 9 beautiful language is a m ugly lie4 ,rec5t pret5d$ uphold]s ( ! ,vol/ead law h pr9t$ an emphatic w>n+ on comp\nds ( _! manufacture3 8,d n add su* an +r$i5t or ?is comp\nd w violate ! law40 ,may an arti/ navely dissociate himself f responsibility by /at+3 8,d n add human nature to my art-product or y w violate ! law08 ,7 ! arti/ a real creator1 he w\ld h to =eca/ results & be dom9at$ by a purpose4 ,nor may ! arti/1 l ,god1 p]mit evil1 because no arti/ has omnipot5ce & inf9ite wisdom & ju/ice & m]cy1 gov]n+ ! p]mission ( evil & gu>antee+ good z ! f9al result4 ,may a man :o owns a wild tig] ( surpass+ beauty1 tru/+ 9 ! "r ( prop]ty1 p>ade d[n a cr[d$ ?or\ghf>e ) 8 jungle pet te!r$ to a ?read8 ,b :y all ^! truisms8 ,because individualism 9 art aims 9 pr9ciple & production n only to free art f re/rictions b ev5 to exempt ! arti/ f responsibility4 ,! arti/ may n talk to himself unless he c f9d a ,s\? ,sea isl& :]e !re is nei!r man nor ,god4 ,nor is x a dead5+ ( 8 arti/ic impulse = ! arti/ to be rul$ by high purposes1 b r x is a /imulus & an inspiration4 ,es*ylus & ,sophocles h a sublim] beauty ?an ,euripides because ! e>li] dramati/s recogniz$ m fully & kept bett] 9 view ! religi\s purposes ( ,a!nian drama4 ,euripides1 wi%+ to cat] m to !atric effects1 succe$$ 9 be+ m emotional & 9 a*iev+ a reali/ic b transi5t int]e/1 ! hectic flu% t m>ks decay & dea? 9 twilight & autumn & s9i/] disease4 ,is ! m>k$ revival ( ,euripides )9 rec5t ye>s a sign ( decad5ce8 ,! ,madonnas ( ,italian art receiv$ f ! pa9t] a solemn beauty n only because !y depict ,div9e mat]nity1 b ev5 too because !y 7 to grace a religi\s %r9e & to con/itute "p ( a religi\s s]vice4 ,t may be "o reason :y ! ,madonnas ( ,italy are f> sup]ior to ! prett9ess & s5tim5tality ( m rec5t ,madonnas :i* are pa9t$ = private homes & = ephem]al int]e/4 ,! purpose ( ! arti/ is "o ?+ & ! purpose ( art is ano!r ?+4 ,! purpose ( a wat* is to keep "t :atev] purpose ! wat*-mak] may h4 ,x is likely1 h[ev]1 t if he makes ! wat* = 8 "m1 he w produce bett] results ?an if he work$ = 8 usual wage or ?an if he function$ z "p ( a ma*9e1 hav+ no cle>ly def9$ ult]ior purpose4 ,s an arti/ w be inspir$ 9 pa9t+1 9 sculpture1 9 music1 9 all arts1 to elicit bett] 8 full p[]s & to a*ieve f9] results :5 he toils = a ca!dral ?an :5 he works = a cab>et4 ,noble responsibility consci5ti\sly recogniz$ & fulfill$ is no *eck1 b r a spur to ! arti/4 8,art = art's sake0 may1 h[ev]1 be tak5 to mean1 8,embody beauty :]ev] f\nd1 or realize to ! full y\r ideal10 & su* a mean+ is excell5t & fruitful unless excessive individualism insi/s ^u express+ its own p]v]t$ ideas ( beauty & its own ecc5tric ideals4 ,:5 ,horace said1 8,let ju/ice be done ?\gh ! heav5s come cra%+ d[n10 a l9e t might be r5d]$1 8,ju/ice = ju/ice's sake10 he 0 f> f advocat+ ! explosion ( a bomb by "s ,roman an>*i/ ^: idea ( ju/ice 0 to br+ all to a dead level ( ru94 ,! progressive improvem5t 9 ! realization ( art-ideals may be v well illu/rat$ f ! c>e] ( ,horace4 ,horace gradually work$ himself free f ! conv5tionality & bas5ess ( 8 epodes & e>li] satires1 exp]i5c$ ! cleans+ process ( true humor 9 lat] satires1 took fire at ! moral deg5]acy ( ,rome 9 ! initial odes ( ! ?ird & la/ book ( 8 fir/ edit$ lyrics4 ,!re ! sva indignatio ( ,horace br\ght him )9 di/ant sight ( sublimity4 ,8 progress 9 philosophy weight$ ! w+s ( 8 song b d[]$ him ) ! cry/al & clean wisdom ( 8 epi/les1 ( :i* x has be5 said "o ne$ n blot out a s+le l9e4 ,_h ,horace reta9$ ! y\?ful vehem5ce ( ! republican amid ! en]vat+ peace ( ! new empire1 he might h foll[$ ,dante & ,milton f lyric beauty to epic sublimity1 or might h ris5 ) ,%akespe>e & ,molire f song to com$y or ev5 to trag$y1 b 8 h$oni/ic sleekness & 8 excessive self-consci\sness kept 8 rip5$ philosophy 9 brief lett]s1 :5 a m vigor\s m5tality ) ! help ( philosophy might h conv]t$ 8 ennobl$ p[] ( satire into com$y or trans=m$ ! lyric portraits ( 8 e>ly days into trag$y or epic /ory4 ,,ii ,,art ,,& ,,! ,,individual #b4 ,,vag>ies ,,( ,,individualism ,mod]n art has n foll[$ ,horace v f>4 ,x has brok5 ) conv5tionality z ,horace did ) ! cli*s ( ,alex&ria1 b x has n yet ent]$ ^u ! pa? ( "r philosophy4 ,! ,spoon ,riv] ,an?ology1 a typical specim5 f ! individuali/ic s*ool ( :at might be call$ locali/s or village gossips1 is 9 ! epode-/age ( ,horace1 ! /age ( p]sonalities1 lubricity & g>lic gruesom5ess4 ,hopes might be ent]ta9$ t ,spoon ,riv] & ,ma9 ,/reet & o!r individuali/ic photographs w\ld progressively improve ) ,horace except = "o sad defici5cy3 ,horace _h humor & laugh$ at o!rs1 & ev5 at himself2 mod]n individuali/s are s heavily armor$ ) ! s]i\sness ( _! own views1 t !y don't ev5 smile4 ,to imag9e ! ,new ,art laugh+ is impossible2 if ! ,new ,art _h humor & laugh$1 x w\ld cease to be ,new ,art & w\ld jo9 ! l>g] bro!rhood ( art uncapitaliz$4 ,_h ! new arti/s a s5se ( humor1 x w\ld probably be _! dea? s5t5ce4 ,9 ! c\rse ( "t !y might cat* sight ( _! own art products1 :e!r ( pa9t+ or ( poetry4 ,is x n an indication ( individualism t s _m rec5t novels are biographies1 t ! /age is n hold+ up ! mirror to life b apply+ ! scalpel to an ulc]8 ,! biography or p]sonal views ( ,scott & ,%akespe>e _c be discov]$ 9 _! works4 ,! mod]n pamphlete] di/ributes 8 p>adoxes among v>i\s m\?pieces ^: only diff]5ce is 9 "n1 & ?is is call$ a play1 :5 x is 9 reality propag&a4 ,!re are probably n[ no less ?an #ajj1jjj college graduates turn+ college escapades & flirtations into *apt]s1 :i* _! au?ors consid] typical ( life because ! incid5ts 7 individually exp]i5c$4 ,&1 z ! long /ories ( ! day are biographies or problems & z ! drama is a diagnosis ( diseases1 9 ! same way _m ( ! %ort /ories are pa?ological1 b all are t5d+ to be individuali/ic4 ,! arti/ makes 8 own subjective exp]i5ce ! full measure ( 8 arti/ic expression & seems to imag9e t 8 own peculi>ities are good art because he s9c]ely expresses :at he feels4 ,individual nature is n human nature4 ,ari/otle has describ$ poetry z ! univ]sal 9 ! concrete4 ,! 8new poets0 give ! individual 9 ! concrete4 ,hom]1 ,%akespe>e1 ! true poets1 plumb to ! dep?s ( ! human he>t2 !y voice rip5$ exp]i5ce & en%r9e mell[ wisdom1 & s appeal to all m5 ( all times4 ,mu* ( ! new poetry o/5tati\sly disda9s tradition & rejects ! wisdom ( ! ages 9 disc>d+ its dress4 ,y may see ! r\ge on ! *eek & ! freckle on ! nose1 b z f> z life & exp]i5ce & he>t are conc]n$1 mo/ ( ! new poetry is pitiably "y & call\s4 ,meticul\s record+ ( disconnect$ & unrelat$ novelties is no adequate sub/itute = ! w>m? & dep? ( life cry/alliz$ by ! ard5t gaze ( ! true poet out ( 8 exp]i5ce4 ,new poetry is contemporane\s ) ! inv5tion & use ( ! ,kodak & has all ! responsibility & pr(undity ( t in/rum5t4 ,individualism has come to su* a pass 9 mod]n art t ev]y?+ 9 x is resolv+ itself into pure emotionalism1 & t an emotionalism :i* does n belong to art at all4 ,deg5]ates are ! products ( civilization2 !y are decay$ exotics4 8,! high] ! organism1 ! m noisome ! decay10 a sci5ce pr(essor us$ to say :5 pay+ 8 respects to diseas$ metaphysics4 ,z only a believ] c blaspheme luridly1 s :5 an arti/ goes wrong1 he goes wrong hide\sly4 ,a pi/ol 9 ! h&s ( a m>ksman gone mad is m de/ructive ?an 9 ! h&s ( a savage4 ,colors1 s\nds1 %apes1 fair words & gorge\s imag9+s are in/rum5ts ( degradation & dea? if !y are a f9] v5e] ov] :at is false4 ,individual vag>ies & :ims1 no matt] h[ unusual1 w n h ! p]man5ce ( art because !y are bas$ on no pr9ciples1 b devis$ simply to />tle4 ,degrade ! appeal ( beauty to a sp9al ?rill & y\r arti/ w p&] to concupisc5ce4 ,x is notewor?y t ,hom]'s wor/ lapse 9 /ory-tell+ takes place among ! luxuri\s ,phacians1 anci5t prototypes ( deg5]acy4 ,hom] may h felt ju/ifi$ arti/ically because he 0 depict+ ! non-,grecian _w ?r\gh ^: mon/]s & m>vels ,odysseus 0 pass+ & mak+ ! fir/ collection ( sailors' y>ns4 ,b ,hom] %ock$ ev5 ! pagan _w & set an unhappy prec$5t4 ,lucian & ,ovid1 ,petronius & ,apuleius & ! ,byzant9e erotici/s made :at 0 incid5tal 9 ,hom] _! *ief conc]n & practice4 ,!y p]v]t$ fiction into calculat$ sugge/iv5ess4 ,t deprav$ & s5sual !ory ( /ory-tell+ 01 h[ev]1 m ,ari/ophanic ?an ,hom]ic1 despite ! s+le un=tunate prec$5t 9 ! ,odyssey4 ,! tradition ( ,greek & ,lat9 com$y 0 c>ri$ on by ! m$ieval tr\bad\rs & by ! /ory-tell]s :o cat]$ to ! decad5t nobility ( ,italy & ,france4 ,!y retort$ on _! cl]ical c5sors & /imulat$ jad$ appetites1 sub/itut+ 9 %ameless intrigues prie/s & nuns = ! pagan gods4 ,x 0 & is ! glory ( ,scott t he broke away f ^! evil traditions :i* made ! novel a hateful ?+ to our =efa!rs4 ,scott des]t$ ! cont95tal s*ool ( noveli/s & _! ,engli% imitators1 ,field+1 ,/]ne1 ,smollett1 ! la/ ( all ,byron4 ,scott gave up ! satirical purposes :i* h&$ on 9 fiction ! vulg> devices ( l[ com$y4 ,he w5t to hi/ory1 to *ivalry1 to heal?y m5 & wom5 & creat$ romances1 n pa?ological /udies4 ,engli%1 ,iri% & ,am]ican fiction = a :ole c5tury yield$ to ! heal?y & brac+ impulse ( ,scott1 b ! y\ng] noveli/s 9 vogue today 9 ,engl&1 ,irel& & ,am]ica h gone back to ! cont95tal type1 individual1 pa?ological biographical problems1 =sak+ ,scott's revival ?r\gh balladry ( ! be/ ,hom]ic mann]1 :]e m5 8drank delight ( battle ) _! pe]s f> on ! r++ pla9s ( ,troy40 ,! individuali/ mu/ emancipate himself by ! contemplation ( nature4 ,pa?ological specim5s1 freaki% oddities1 all ! surface impressions ( ! local colori/s are n nature any m ?an a face contort$ ) a too?a*e is a man's lik5ess4 ,su* exceptional exhibitions _c =m ! endur+ basis ( art4 ,p]sonal exp]i5ce mu/ be wid5$ by l5g? ( "t1 by m]g+ into ! /ream ( wisdom1 fl[+ freight$ f ! pa/1 or mu/1 9 exceptional cases1 be won quickly by t int5se & prob+ compreh5sion ( g5ius1 :i* seems almo/ ,div9e intuition4 ,excessive individualism1 l ! late/ fa%ion1 w be qua9t & incongru\s on ! morr[4 ,hom] lives et]nal because ?r\gh /range names & /range language & /range co/umes we see our own sun & fields & ocean & sky & put our f+]s on a pulse :i* regi/]s ! beat ( a he>t ?robb+ z ours4 ,,iii ,,art ,,& ,,human ,,nature #a4 ,,! ,,univ]sal ,,elem5t ,a s]i\s defect 9 mo/ mod]n art movem5ts is t !y />t f art2 !y are modifications ( previ\s art movem5ts4 ,true art movem5ts />t f human nature4 ,:5 p]fection 9 any art is /&>diz$1 :5 tradition & conv5tionality prevail1 & ! arti/ has orig9ality en\gh to *afe at ! re/ra9ts ( classicism b n orig9ality en\gh to reveal f9] ideals ?r\gh classic expression1 8 temptation is to rebel at conv5tionalities & to deem himself orig9al because he is unconv5tional4 ,he wi%es to be diff]5t f o!r arti/s & seeks = ! diff]5ce by disc>d+ ! traditional m$ium r ?an by improv+ 8 own p]sonal message4 ,he pref]s to be diff]5t & ev5 orig9al by cutt+ 8 g+]-bread into ! %ape ( automobiles & air-planes in/ead ( go+ back to "m's classic make & bl5d+ 8 +r$i5ts into a new creation1 a creation :i* w make fre% appeal ev5 9 =m] animal %apes or 9 ! traditional g+]-bread c>t-:eels4 ,art is a social in/itution4 ,if n by ! p1 art is ( ! p1 & c]ta9ly = ! p4 ,:5 ,greek lit]>y art grew conv5tional 9 its diff]5t =ms1 ! arti/s w5t back to ! p = ano!r m$ium to be transfigur$ by art4 ,rusk9 has call$ ar*itecture a 8glorifi$ ro(40 ,! sonata is a glorifi$ folk melody2 epic is glorifi$ folk lore2 & ,greek drama is a glorifi$ folk song1 z ,elizabe?an drama is a glorifi$ folk *ronicle4 ,bo? dramas h _! roots 9 ! religi\s s]vices ( ! p4 ,hom] told u ab\t ! public he _h1 b ! n9ete5? c5tury w\ld n tru/ 8 ^w until ,s*liemann dug up ! great halls :]e ,demodokos & 8 fell[s told ! p _! own folk /ories 9 a glorifi$1 arti/ic =m4 ,greek lyric & ,greek pa/oral 7 z public z ,greek oratory1 ,greek *oruses1 temples & /atu>y4 ,x 0 left = ,roman conqu]ors to beg9 ! segregation ( art into ! cold /orage ( ! mod]n millionaire & ( ! mod]n museum4 ,! p]man5ce ( ,greek art is bas$ ^u t public appeal4 ,art is long because x embodies nature1 & mo/ ( all human nature4 ,hom] has appeal$ to man1 woman & *ild = ?\s&s ( ye>s4 ,8 human nature is our human nature despite ext]nal diff]5ces ( e k9d4 ,hom] himself 0 aw>e ( ! appeal ( nature 9 art4 ,on ! %ield ( ,a*illes1 he m>vel$ at ! field :i* grew black beh9d ! pl[+1 a m>vel ( ,hom]'s close /udy ( nature z well z an expression ( 8 ideal = art4 ,nature is a language all c und]/& & human nature is a language all mu/ & d und]/&4 ,:5 lam5t 0 made ov] ! body ( ,patroklos1 ! elegy ( ,briseis /irr$ all1 8& !reon ! wom5 wail$1 9 semblance = ,patroklos1 b ea* = h] own woe40 ,simil> is ! appeal ( art :]e 9 semblance ( some?+ else1 ea* sees :at belongs to self4 ,ari/otle 9 seek+ to expla9 ! *>act]i/ic pleasure ( art ascribes x to mimesis or re-pres5tation 9 ano!r m$ium4 ,su* /ag+1 he says1 n only robs ! t]rify+ ( its t]rors b enables all to und]/& & reason to ! nature ( ea* art product4 ,su* und]/&+ & reason+ mean surely some?+ m ?an ! m]e recognition ( photographic accuracy & lik5ess4 ,if we may press ! mean+ ( ! ,greek ^w us$ = reason1 ! process ( art enjoym5t is simil> to ! syllogi/ic process :i* involves an appeal to a g5]al /atem5t4 ,! process is "o :i* recognizes ! g5]al 9 a p>ticul> case1 z ! grief ( ,briseis f\nd an e*o+ grief 9 e he>t4 ,:e!r ,ari/otle & ?is int]pretation ( him is correct or n1 x is evid5t t art mu/ g5]alize4 ,art mu/ select1 bo? by *oice ( ! arti/ & by ! limitations ( 8 m$ium4 ,art does n photograph1 because x has no s5sitive plate = its m$ium4 ,! photograph]'s art l>gely prec$es ! cam]a & consi/s 9 select+ t pose & t expression1 out ( _m1 :i* is y\rs4 ,! cam]a is nature1 controll$ by me*anism1 & is n art4 ,if ! photograph] or pa9t] or sculptor photograph$ y 9 "s pass+ spasm1 we %\ld n le>n & reason t x 0 y4 ,! spasm 0 realism & fact1 b x 0 peculi> & individual2 x 0 n y :om we h kn[n & g5]aliz$ f exp]i5ce4 ,9 su* a case1 ,ari/otle says %rewdly1 we might get arti/ic pleasure f ! workman%ip or colors1 t is1 f ! m$ium & ! me*anics ( art1 b we %\ld h no arti/ic pleasure f ! s\l & sub/ance ( ! art product because ! product f\nd no prototype 9 our exp]i5ce1 because we c\ld n def9e x or g5]alize x4 ,art selects4 ,x _c give ev]y?+1 & if x w\ld be true1 x mu/ give :at all may und]/&2 x mu/ give :at is g5]ally true1 & :at is g5]ally true ( all m5 is human nature4 ,selective idealism has usually ! advantage ( be+ intelligible1 b x labors "u ! disadvantage ( becom+ m]ely intelligible4 ,x gives ! tru?1 b ?r\gh famili>ity ! beauty or arti/ic appeal ( ! tru? has be5 dull$ & t>ni%$1 or1 l ! d&elion1 until a ,l[ell gives x a new lu/]1 its v commonness leaves u unmov$4 ,we enjoy human nature 9 ,hom] because he 0 ! creator ( sleep+ w9ds & ( rosy-f+]$ dawns & ( ! "m's smile alight ?r\gh te>s4 ,a mod]n :o w\ld transf] ^! same t\*es to 8 own composition w\ld leave u cold4 ,he too mu/ create2 he mu/ be p]sonal1 b he mu/ n be individual4 ,p]sonality is ! kn[+ & lov+ pr9ciple1 & looks to ! _m ) its ?\ghts & wi%es4 ,individuality is ! pr9ciple ( sep>ation & isolation & is look+ inw>d1 n outw>d4 ,:5 ! arti/1 !re=e1 creates & gives 8 own w9ds or dawn or "m love1 he %\ld speak to u 9 8 own concrete embodim5ts ( nature1 & ( human nature1 us+ a language man und]/&s4 ,if selective idealism t5ds to become m]ely intelligible & unappeal+1 individualism t5ds to become un9telligible & to my/ify4 ,! poet1 ! noveli/1 ! pa9t] h m dep? ?an silv] nitrate on a photographic plate4 ,arti/s d n simply mirror nature2 !y d n cat* at ! odd or freaki%4 ,t is photography1 n creation4 ,horace did n give u a mov+ picture ( a fall+ tree1 b he saw ! humor & human int]e/ ( t 8sorry log40 ,burns did n give u an anatomical /udy ( ! typhus-c>ri] on a lady's bonnet 9 a kirk1 mak+ x crawl ^u ourselves & s5d+ u aft] ! k]os5e c & ba? tub1 b ,burns so>$ away1 f t sight ) ,horatian humor & ,horatian human nature1 into ! immortal l9es1 8,o wad "s p[] ! giftie gie u40 ,! arti/ :o conf\nds ! g5]aliz$ m5tal attractiv5ess f\nd 9 true art ) ! %ock ( n]ves or ! tickl+ ( concupisc5ce or ) misguid$ realism1 w n produce ?+s ( beauty4 ,he gets a ?rill1 b x is n ! p]man5t1 undy+ ?rill ( art1 n ! ?+ ( beauty1 :i* is a joy =ev]4 ,,iv ,,art ,,& ,,human ,,nature #b4 ,,realism ,,& ,,reality ,at an exhibition 9 ,new ,york ,city !re 0 display$ a picture ( an ocean wave ^u ! cre/ ( :i* ! arti/ _h nail$ a real b> ( soap4 ,! fir/ idea ( ! spectator 0 to consid] ?is peculi> product an adv]tisem5t1 b x seems to h be5 int5d$ z a s]i\s1 if p]v]t$1 attempt at art4 ,if ! arti/ 0 n slyly propos+ ! c>icature ( excessive realism1 ! cake ( soap w s]ve well z a p>able = ^? arti/s :o d n di/+ui% betwe5 realism & reality4 ,! ultra-reali/ =gets t art is a creation1 ! mak+ ( ano!r _w4 ,! arti/ _c really create :at he puts into 8 new _w ( sight or he>+ or imag9ation1 ( color1 ( s\nd1 ( words4 ,if he c\ld actually make some?+ new1 n bas$ on nature or on human nature1 he w\ld d s on ! p5alty ( be+ un9telligible4 ,nei!r %\ld he g to ! o!r extreme & n leave ! _w ( reality at all4 ,he may n eat 8 cake & h x4 ,if :at he takes f actuality is n m]g$ fully into 8 art =m1 he tries to give u fact & fiction1 hi/ory & art1 9 ! same product1 & he nails a piece ( soap on a pa9t$ wave4 ,ari/otle insi/s above all on probability 9 art1 or motivation1 z x is n[ commonly call$4 ,a probable or well-motiv$ impossibility1 he says1 is m arti/ic & pleas+ ?an an improbable1 t is1 an unmotiv$ fact4 ,= a l reason he dem&s t fiction be m philosophical ?an hi/ory4 ,we accept a *ronicle ( facts )\t necess>ily be+ aw>e ( _! causal connections4 ,9 ! realms ( art ! connection mu/ be e/abli%$4 ,?is pr9ciple1 s fruitful = art1 is n to be und]/ood z ju/ify+ or approv+ t s*ool ( subjective noveli/s :i* is p>simoni\s 9 happ5+s b diffuse 9 reason+ & gives u a maximum ( discussion ) a m9imum ( incid5t4 ,ari/otle is ?9k+ m ( ! p :o witness ! drama4 ,! spectators want ! motivation & plausibility ( action r ?an t ( logic4 ,! soliloquy has gone f ! /age2 ! pr9t$ soliloquy %\ld be curtail$ 9 ! novel4 ,a true und]/&+ ( motivation w s5d all arti/s back to nature & to human nature = ^? incid5ts :i* are ! spr+s ( action & d n require l5g?y logic to labor at _! explanation4 ,hom] is completely lack+ 9 logical ref9+4 ,incid5t leads to feel+ & talk1 :i* gives rise to fur!r incid5t4 ,action1 feel+ & "*1 ,ari/otle's tr9ity ( art subjects1 are m+l$ & detail$1 & ! /ory moves on 9 a way plausible & pleas+ to ,hom]ic audi5ces4 ,:5 ,hom] runs %ort ( motivation1 he does n resort to logic2 he ref]s ! causality to ! gods1 z mod]n writ]s ref] all insoluble problems to evolution1 :i* puts h>dly m re/rictions ^u imag9ation ?an ,hom]ic my?ology4 ,! arti/ mu/ transf] 8 product :olly to ! _w ( art4 ,sculptur$ horses mu/ n neigh1 nor pa9t$ fl[]s give p]fume1 b neigh+ & sc5ts may be sugge/$ ev5 9 /one1 & 9 l9es by art happ5+s1 :i* all may read runn+ if ! arti/ w use ! language ( human nature4 ,he %\ld pa9t 8 cake ( soap 91 n nail x on4 ,if ! exig5cies ( ! /ory dem& x1 co/umes ( ! night or co/umes ( ba?+ may be 9 place1 b x is nail+ on a cake ( soap1 x is outrag+ probabilities1 to =ce a /ory into a sett+ or to adopt a /yle ( dress or ( undress simply = ! sake ( produc+ a %ock4 ,t is ! %ock ( reality1 n ( art & beauty4 ,%\ld ! dramati/ h an excell5t qu>tet & /op ! play 9 ord] to give a song1 he is nail+ on a piece ( soap1 :i* may be magnific5t soap1 b x is n art4 ,:y is ! s-call$ realism depress+8 ,:y is ! ,russian noveli/ left = ! connoisseur b is cavi> to ! g5]al8 ,is x ! pres5ce or abs5ce ( evil8 ,h>dly t4 ,hom]'s /ories are full ( evil & ( dea?2 ,sophocles' ,k+ dipus & ! ,prome!us ( ,es*ylus are sur*>g$ ) evil1 b !y d n depress4 ,euripides1 on ! o!r h&1 & ,lucian h m alleg$ realism & are depress+1 ev5 :5 !y cause a smile4 ,! reali/ is cynical1 & cynics d n so> (f into ! _w ( art1 b keep te!r+ !mselves to ! real _w4 ,!y d n lose !mselves 9 _! /ory because !y are always ?9k+ ( keep+ "s "o's nose aga9/ _! gr9d/one4 ,:y %\ld ! optimi/ic moraliz+ ( ,polyanna be res5t$ by critics any m ?an ! cynic moraliz+ ( ,%aw or ( ,ma9 ,/reet8 ,! *e]ful idiot & ! purbl9d dyspeptic are depress+ 9 real life1 especially :5 !y are moraliz+1 b 9 & out ( art we c laugh at ! idiot1 :ile we squirm at ! assum$ sup]iority ( ! cynic4 ,! moraliz+ is a cake ( soap4 ,%akespe>e is n depress+ & ,hom] is n depress+4 ,!y d n bl9k ! facts ( life1 & beyond ! humor & humanity :i* saves !m & _! audi5ce1 !y lose !mselves 9 _! /ory4 ,! evil !y depict is true evil1 s recogniz$1 9 _! art-_w4 ,x is1 besides1 evil call$ = by _! /ory1 n lugg$ 9 = a moral or to exemplify a !ory ( art4 ,!y "k t drab is n ! only color 9 life4 ,!y "k t bright ?+s are z real z black ?+s1 b !y are n illu/rat+ a !ory b giv+ u a /ory4 ,we pass ) !m into a fictiti\s _w1 & ! ?+s :i* depress ! d5iz5s ( t _w d n depress u if we are n br\ght back to reality by /umbl+ on a cake ( real soap1 n integrat$ ) ! /ory4 ,! sight ( 8 dog ,argos made ! he>t ( ,odysseus s9k4 ,ev5 = ^? :o ?9k ugl9ess ! only reality1 ,argos 0 cov]$ ) realities & squatt$ on reality4 ,he depress$ 8 ma/] b he does n depress u4 ,he lies ^u ,ma9 ,/reet & has a ,polyanna wag to 8 tail4 ,8 optimism & 8 pessimism are1 h[ev]1 n tack$ on4 8,& lo1 a h\nd rais$ up 8 head & prick$ 8 e>s1 ,argos1 ! h\nd ( ,odysseus4444 ,despis$ he lay 78 ma/] be+ af>7 9 ! deep dung ( mules & sw9e4444 ,!re lay ! dog ,argos1 full ( v]m94 ,yet ev5 n[ :5 he 0 aw>e ( ,odysseus /&+ by1 he wagg$ 8 tail & dropp$ bo? 8 e>s1 b ne>] to 8 ma/] he _h n ! /r5g? to draw4 ,b ,odysseus look$ aside & wip$ a te>40 ,argos is ! ideal dog ( a f> away ma/]2 8:o has lo/ 8 dom9ion10 z ,eumu1 ! %eph]d ( ,odysseus1 says4 ,argos regi/]s ! fate ( 8 ma/]4 ,we feel1 b we d n feel depress$4 ,x is human2 x is all inevitable2 x is real z life b p]fectly idealiz$ by p]fect transf] to ! realm ( art4 ,eumu gives u ! morality ( x1 ! tru? ( x1 b he is f> f moraliz+1 ei!r pessimi/ically or optimi/ically4 ,argos is ! dog ,s*neid] t ,jeff]son's ,rip ,van ,w9kle c\ld n f9d to recognize him2 he is ! picture 9 brief ( 8 ma/]'s fate4 ,eumu is z free f all obtrusive soap z ,argos himself4 ,! dog's fate is ascrib$ to ! c>eless wom5 :o 8are no m incl9$ to hone/ s]vice :5 _! ma/]s h lo/ dom9ion1 = ,zeus takes away ! half ( a man's virtue :5 ! day ( slav]y comes ^u him40 ,v ,,art ,,& ,,! ,,div9e #a4 ,,religi\s ,,orig9 ,,( ,,art ,! rec5t discov]y ( ! tomb ( ,k+ ,tutankham5 has ar\s$ ! int]e/ ( ! _w4 ,! p]sev]ance ( ! explor]1 ! v>iety1 arti/ic excell5ce & intr9sic value ( ! discov]y gave ! news a place 9 ! press & signaliz$ ! late/ triumph ( ! spade1 :i* ,s*liemann conv]t$ into ! be/ ( hi/orians4 ,dig 9 y\r back-y>d1 & y c read its pa/ 9 ! lay]s be=e y\r eyes4 ,make a cross-section ( ! c\ntry1 & successive deposits w tell y its /ory4 ,lay b>e ! /rata ( ! e>?1 & ! buri$ fossils1 ! m9]als1 ! gas1 ! oil1 reveal ! hi/ory ( ! _w4 ,grave-digg+ is ! mo/ productive occupation to :i* sci5ce1 art & ev5 comm]ce c n[ be vocationally guid$4 ,:at 0 x t enri*$ ! ,egyptian tomb & o!r tombs ( ! pa/ 9 :i* man 0 buri$8 ,x 0 religion1 & specifically x 0 belief 9 ! immortality ( ! s\l4 ,! late/ op5$ tomb repeats ! tru? t 0 manife/ 9 ! pyramids ( ,egypt1 :i* 7 temples z well z tombs4 ,! beehive tombs ( ,myc5 f :i* ,s*liemann actually %ovel$ gold ornam5ts ( v>i\s k9ds 7 also temples z well z tombs4 ,! alt>-/ones 9 ,ca?olic *ur*es ) _! t9y loculi = ! relic ( a sa9t keep /ill ! memory ( ! days :5 p]secut$ ,*ri/ians f\nd ! ,catacombs ( ! dead places ( wor%ip z well z ( escape f ! p]secutor4 ,! caves ( ,cro-,magnon & ,aurignac & o!r anci5t deposits 9 ,france & ,spa9 h disclos$ ! e>lie/ evid5ce ( man's art4 ,! man 0 no mean arti/1 & ! color+ & skillful draw+ h a/oni%$ e "o4 ,:y d>k cav]ns1 inaccessible to light1 %\ld h be5 s decorat$ has puzzl$ obs]v]s4 ,re9a* calls ! pictures e>ly 8magic10 pa9t+ ( animals to capture !m4 ,b !re are pa9t+s ( m5 z well z ( bisons & re9de]4 ,pr(essor ,osborne is quot$ z say+ t x seems to be art = art's sake1 namely1 t ! %e] pleasure ( ! draw+ is its reason4 ,an admission1 x w\ld seem1 t ! pr(essor has no real explanation to (f]4 ,sir ,b]tram ,w9dle has rec5tly ass]t$ ! religi\s orig9 ( ^! pictures4 ,!y w\ld seem to be ! e>lie/ appe>ance ( /a9$-glass w9d[s4 ,! caves 7 temples1 & ! explanation is confirm$ by a comp>ison ) ! beehive tombs ( ,myc5 & ) ! ,egyptian tombs4 ,! alt>1 ! sacrifice1 ! victims1 ! food1 clo?+ & o!r accompanim5ts ( life1 are all evid5ces ( religi\s feel+s & a belief 9 a cont9u$ exi/5ce4 ,! abs5ce ( ! bodies 9 ^! caves may easily be acc\nt$ =4 ,fleet+ "t ) pr[l+ animals has de/roy$ !m :ile x left ! pictures on ! wall4 ,art is ev5 long] ?an ,longfell[ imag9$4 ,if ! e>lie/ art s f> f\nd is religi\s 9 orig91 ^! s call$ ,cro-,magnon or ,aurignacian arti/s exemplify aga9 :at is a commonplace 9 ! hi/ory ( art4 ,x w\ld be easy to add to ! foll[+ /atem5ts f\nd "u 8,art0 9 ,ha/+'s ,diction>y ( ,religion3 8,! religi\s aspect ( art 9 ,egypt includes almo/ all t is kn[n ( x40 8,!re is h>dly any d\bt t ! high level ( ,assyrian & ,babylonian art is due to ! deep religi\s feel+ ( ! two nations40 8,! hi/ory ( art 9 ,greece is ?r\gh\t its c\rse intimately connect$ ) religion40 ,! fact is beyond all d5y+4 ,religion & art are unit$1 9 music & song1 f ! dances ( savages to ! ,hebrew psalms & ! /atelie/ liturgies2 9 pa9t+1 f ! e>ly caveman to ! mod]n man2 9 sculpture1 f ! crude/ icons dug up at ,troy to ! idol /atues ( ,greece & ,rome1 9 ! lions & bulls ( buri$ ,myc5 & ,crete1 ( ,assyria & ,egypt1 9 ! t9y seal r+s1 9 ! ornam5ts & /atu>y ( our mod]n *ur*es2 9 oratory1 f ! pray]s ( ! prie/ 9 ! ,iliad1 to ! fulm9ations ( ! prophet & ! eloqu5ce ( ! pulpit2 ev5 9 civic oratory we f9d ,demo/h5es & ,cic]o 9 _! sublime/ heights t\*+ ^u religi\s motives2 9 ! poetry ( incantation1 ( oracle1 ( revelation1 9 liturgy & drama2 9 ! little tale ( ! fable & 9 ! mighty /ory ( ! epic1 = ! full sweep ( :i* ,hom] & ,virgil1 ,dante & ,milton mu/ /age _! ev5ts ^u ! backgr\nd ( a ,div9e ,provid5ce2 9 ar*itecture1 f ! tombs & temples ( ! ea/]n _w1 to ! temples ( ! ,aztecs & to ! ,go?ic ca!dral4 ,aqu9as gave 9 8 ,summa a syn!sis ( all sci5ce2 ,dante gave 9 8 ,div9a ,com$ia a syn!sis ( man's life & de/9y2 ! ,go?ic ca!dral ( ! same age gave a syn!sis ( all ! arts 9 "o /ructure1 exemplify+ 9 fullness & excell5ce ! mutual int]action ( art & religion 9 ! middle ages1 :]e manife/ly religion held sway z nev] be=e or s9ce4 ,! ,morgan 8,collection0 9 ! ,metropolitan ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts 9 ,new ,york exhibits ! du/y wreckage ( t wond]ful union ( religion & art4 ,no poet's imag9ation is ne$$ to rebuild ^? fragm5ts into t m>vel\s /ructure1 "u ^: myriad /atu>y ( s]i\s sa9ts & grotesque g>goyles1 y pass ?r\gh c>v$ portals into ! spaci\s aisles ov] :i* ar*es leap aspir+ly4 ,! pa9t] fasc9ates y ) ! /ory ( _m colors 9 ! w9d[s4 ,! weav] hangs o!r pictures on ! ri* tape/ry curta9+ ! walls4 ,! wood-c>v] is ev]y:]e evok+ beauty ) cunn+ f+]s4 ,music & song 9 ! dramatic & antiphonal liturgy1 ! sublime eloqu5ce ( ! pulpit 9 turn *>m & re/ ! e>s4 ,! m9ute/ detail is z arti/ic z ! ri* magnific5ce4 ,! missal on ! alt> w be a 8,book ( ,kells10 a reflection on illum9at$ p>*m5t ( ! religi\s & mona/ic life :i* produc$ x1 by its pati5ce1 le>n+1 devotion1 sil5t application1 & scrupul\s exactness2 8exam9$ ) a microscope = h\rs10 says an au?ority1 8)\t detect+ a false l9e or irregul> int]lacem5t40 ,ne> ! missal ( ! ,go?ic ca!dral w\ld be f\nd a jewel$ *alice1 l t ( ,ardagh1 ) ?ree hundr$ & fifty-f\r di/9ct pieces1 classic & ri* 9 all k9ds ( ornam5t4 ,baldw9 ,br[n 0 surely "r 9 decl>+3 8,x is probable t no?+ m arti/ically beautiful has ev] be5 se5 ?an ! ,go?ic ca!dral10 & ! ,go?ic ca!dral is ! cr[n+ glory ( a deeply religi\s age4 ,,vi ,,art ,,& ,,! ,,div9e #b4 ,,! ,,k9%ip ,,( ,,art ,,& ,,religion ,! hi/ory ( art f its l[e/ manife/ations to its highe/ gives evid5ce ( its union & intimacy ) religion4 ,! fact is admitt$1 & might easily be confirm$ by ! v way 9 :i* religi\s movem5ts viol5tly react$ aga9/ art4 ,hebraism knew ! p[] ( art ov] its foll[]s1 & ,hebraic antagonism to sculpture & pa9t+ s]v$ to give religi\s impulse fre] outlet 9 ,hebrew poetry & oratory & o!r lit]ature4 ,! ,bible is ! supreme illu/ration ( ! influ5ce ( religion ^u lit]>y art4 ,islamism oppos$ art1 b gradually succumb$ to its influ5ce at lea/ 9 ar*itecture4 ,t ,islam has n yield$ m to art is an evid5ce ( arre/$ civilization1 z well z ( bas] & m s5sual religi\s feel+s4 ,puritanism1 ! int5se/ =m ( ,prote/antism1 oppos$ art 9 all its manife/ations1 b ,puritanism ei!r div]t$ art en]gy to poetry & lit]ature or provok$ excesses by its attempt to *eck ! natural impulses ( art1 & ,puritanism f9ally yield$ to art4 ,x is cle> !n t religi\s opposition to art s]ves b to %[ m /rik+ly ! union ( religion & art4 ,! religion t opposes art mu/ direct ! art impulse into o!r *annels or ! religion deg5]ates4 ,by _! nature religion & art are cong5ial4 ,:at n[ is ! explanation ( ?is close & cont9u\s union ( art & religion1 f\nd ev]y:]e & 9 all ages8 ,ta9e & 8 s*ool1 l$ a/ray by "s details 9 ! arti/'s subject matt]1 h tri$ to expla9 art by environm5t2 b environm5t is an explanation absurd 9 itself1 & cannon be adequate = an ubiquit\s fact :i* transc5ds all environm5t4 ,! !ori/s :o ascribe ! orig9 ( art to play & ! deploy+ ( sup]flu\s en]gies lik51 ) ,h]b]t ,sp5c]1 ! art impulse to ! acts ( a kitt5 play+ ) a ball4 ,play may be p>tly an excess ( en]gy1 b n all en]gy is arti/ic1 & animal play is ! /irr+ ( appetite1 be>+ b a slight1 sup]ficial resemblance to man's e>ly /riv+s = arti/ic expression4 ,h[ _m games are imitative & made m attractive by art6 ,f ! v fir/1 m9d ent]s into e>ly & ev5 *ild art1 & at ! la/ ! devotion ( ! arti/s to _! ideals 9 ! high] manife/ations ( art1 a devotion q unlike play1 %[s t ! art impulse is ess5tially diff]5t f ! in/9ctive impulse ( ! kitt51 :i* p\nces on a rat z x p\nc$ on a ball ( wool4#a ,ano!r s*ool1 /riv+ to expla9 ! connection betwe5 art & religion1 takes a directly opposite view to ! play !ory4 ,fe> & magic are1 accord+ to ^! au?ors1 ! controll+ factors4 ,! difficulty 9 ?is !ory is ! utt]ly selfi% elem5t 9 ! fe> & magic impulse1 :]eas ! art impulse is dis9t]e/$ & unselfi%4 ,besides1 religi\s belief prec$es ! fe> & magic propitiation ( (f5d$ p[]s4 ,! voodoo & ! hoodoo m>k degradations ( religi\s impulses4 ,impulses 9 h>mony ) man's nature may g d[n z well z up1 & ev5 %\ld we suppose t ! unselfi% impulse ( art1 :i* f9ally becomes ! evid5ce & glory ( man's highe/ civilization1 c\ld be trac$ back to ! sordid details ( selfi% sup]/ition1 :y %\ld su* an ugly duckl+ evolve into a fair swan8 ,devolution & degradation are easi] ?an evolution4 ,:y did ! art impulse take ! n>r[1 upw>d pa? & %un ! broad way d[n to p]dition8 ,! p]fection ( ! oak mu/ h be5 9 ! pot5cy ( ! acorn4 ,! oak c\ld n come f a peanut1 nor c all ! p[]s ( sun1 ra9 & soil or any o!r factor ( ! environm5t evolve ! fruit ( ! peanut v9e into ! maje/y ( ! oak4 ,we c expla9 by an extr9sic cause ! /unt+ ( an oak or ! rott+ ( an oak1 b we _c acc\nt = ! exi/5ce ( ! oak--except by an acorn4 ,we may f9d p]haps a ?w>t$ or corrupt$ art t5d5cy 9 sup]/iti\s fe> & its products1 b t elem5t ( fe> c\ld n write a poem or compose a sonata or re> a ,go?ic ca!dral4 ,! p]fection rea*$ by ! art product mu/ h be5 9 ! pot5cy ( ! fir/ arti/ic impulse 9 g]m4 ,religion & art 7 !n unit$ pot5tially 9 ! orig9al art impulse j z ! /r5g? & l(ty beauty ( ! oak 7 lat5t 9 ! acorn4 ,! art impulse is natural to man2 x is intellectual4 ,x requires bra9s to be arti/ic1 z x requires bra9s to laugh1 & no animal has done ei!r or w ev] d ei!r4 ,! bird 9 build+ its ne/ displays an intellig5ce n its own2 its ne/ build+ is inh]it$ j z its song is4 ,jean ,fabre's obs]vations h %[n conclusively ! wond]s ( in/9ct1 c\pl$ ) ! /upidity ( ! creature possess+ ! in/9ct4 ,b ! e>lie/ scrawl or daub ( ! *ild displays ! m9d work+ on matt] & ! delib]ate %ap+ ( means to an end4 ,all intellectual te/]s f ,simon-,b9et to ! late/ h f\nd ! mak+ or int]pret+ ( pictures a measure ( intellectual p[]4 ,!y are "r4 ,art is rationaliz$ pigm5ts or s\nds or words ) _! images or "s o!r rationaliz$ mat]ial4 ,dr4 ,james ,h>vey ,rob9son 9 ,m9d 9 ! ,mak+ says t we are wrong 9 rationaliz+ ! pa/ to make up our m9ds1 & h[ does he %[ x8 ,by rationaliz+ ano!r pa/ = u4 ,! tru? is we mu/ rationalize ! pa/1 & ,dr4 ,rob9son %\ld induce u1 n to /op rationaliz+1 b to rationalize correctly & %\ld give u some?+ bett] ?an univ]sal skepticism ) :i* to rationalize4 ,! art t5d5cy is "o ) ! religi\s t5d5cy 9 be+ rational & intellectual4 ,art & religion /rive = high ideals2 !y are dis9t]e/$ & unselfi%4 ,la,farge says to ,sa9t ,gaud5s3 8,t "w is n wor?y ( y10 & ,sa9t ,gaud5s picks up a hamm] & sma%es ! sculpture4 ,t is an in/ance p>allel+ ! h]oic foll[+ ( religi\s ideals ) l sacrifices4 ,0 x fe> ( bogies or love ( _! dead :i* fill$ s _m tombs ) preci\s articles8 ,believ+ 9 immortality1 ,egyptians & ,myc5eans gave to ! dead :at 0 mo/ preci\s1 & :at 0 mo/ preci\s 0 ! f9e/ art 9 ! co/lie/ mat]ial4 ,love keeps graves gre53 fe> erects a crematory4 ,art & religion are p]sonal & emotional4 ,ea* has its own prop] expression4 ,( religion ! expression is wor%ip & ( art x is concrete embodim5t ( ! ideal1 & 9 bo? cases ! expression is intimately p]sonal & p]meat$ ) feel+4 ,art is m s5sible & s m emotional because its expression mu/ be pres5t$ to ! s5ses or at lea/ to ! imag9ation4 ,religion ^: prim>y expression is an act ( ! w1 ne$ n ( its nature be att5d$ ) emotion or ext]nal display b x usually is1 & feel+ & expression commonly help to ! full] expression ( religion4 ,! rapture ( art & ! ec/asy ( religion1 ?\gh diff]+ 9 mu*1 h also mu* 9 common4 ,9 _! social appeal art & religion are ak94 ,! arti/ & ! sa9t h _! h\rs ( solit>y contemplation4 ,/4 ,pet] at ,p5teco/1 describ+ ! religi\s ec/asy ( ! inspir$ apo/les1 cri$ out3 8,^! are n drunk z y suppose10 &1 cont9u+1 he quot$ ! prophet ,joel3 8,y\r "y m5 %all see visions & y\r old m5 %all dream dreams40 ,9 ! =m+ ( _! visions & dreams sa9t & arti/ are alike1 ?\gh ! sub/ance ( _! visions diff]4 ,!y are alike also 9 _! impulse to give _! visions expression & to influ5ce m5 ) !m4 ,religion is apo/olic & art is social1 & t is :y 9 hi/ory !y h gone =? s (t5 h& 9 h& to subdue ! _w4 ,:ole nations _h to conspire to erect ! ,egyptian pyramids1 ! t[] ( ,babel1 ! temples ( ,israel1 ( ,rome1 ( ,greece & ( ! ,ori5t1 & ! ,go?ic ca!drals4 ,only a union ( art & religion c\ld produce su* /up5d\s results4 ,patriotism & ! /ate h at times come ne> to ^! great effects1 :5 patriotism or love ( c\ntry assum$ ! nature ( religion4 ,to produce ^! national monum5ts a la/+ cause z well z a cause ( wide appeal 0 necess>y4 ,"h aga9 art & religion are ak94 ,art is long1 & religion is immortal4 ,art rea*es its highe/ & mo/ p]fect expression 9 ! sublime4 ,"h religion does n walk h& 9 h& ) art1 b be>s art on high & gives to art "s ( its own div9ity by end[+ ! arti/ic expression ) sublimity4 ,! lit]ature ( ! ,bible atta9$ to heights :i* writ]s ( o!r nations c\ld n dream ( nor ambition4 ,g5esis sets poets & all arti/s ^u a l(ty em95ce4 ,by ! revelation ( creation1 ! imag9ation & ! vision ( ! arti/ became cot]m9\s almo/ ) t ( ! ,creator4 ,newton's !ory ( gravitation :i* %eph]d$ ! />ry ho/s ( ! univ]se into "o ob$i5t flock1 gives u a realization ( ! effect ( ,g5esis ^u ! _w's imag9ation4 ,! creation motif 9 lit]ature emancipat+ man's imag9ation1 enl>g+ ! b\nd>ies ( vision1 & d[]+ ! arti/ ) sublimity1 des]ves a treatise by itself & a hi/ory wor?y ( its greatness4 ,art & religion are unit$ 9 fact1 s hi/ory tea*es2 art & religion are ak91 s ! /udy ( _! attributes reveals4 ,:at !n is ! only & full explanation ( t fact & ( t h>mony8 ,philosoph]s hold t ! only & ! full explanation ( ! h>mony subsi/+ betwe5 ! m9d & reality1 :i* is call$ tru?1 is f\nd 9 ! fact t bo? m9d & reality are reproductions 9 creation ( ,god's tru?ful k ( ,himself4 ,e?ici/s hold t ! only & full explanation ( ! h>mony subsi/+ betwe5 ! w & law1 :i* is call$ moral good1 is f\nd 9 ! fact t bo? w & law are reproductions 9 ! f9ite ( ,god's love ( ,himself4 ,s philosoph]s mu/ hold t ! full & only explanation ( ! h>mony subsi/+ betwe5 ! s\l & art1 :i* is call$ ! expression ( ! beautiful1 is f\nd 9 ! fact t l ! innate t5d5cy to tru? & good1 ! t5d5cy to beauty is a reproduction ( ,god's contemplation ( ,himself4 ,creation1 z has (t5 be5 decl>$1 is a manife/ation ( ! art ( ,god1 a mimetic pres5tation 9 f9ite matt] & _s ( ! inf9ite ideal4 ,all advance 9 tru? & virtue is an approa* to div9e tru? & goodness1 & all true progress 9 art is an approa* to div9e beauty4 8,fill$ ) en?usiasm10 says ,de ,wulf 9 ,l'uvre d',art et la ,beaut1 8be=e ! greatness ( ! arti/'s p[]1 ,dante ,alighi]i comp>es x to t ( ,omnipot5ce3 8#8,y\r art l ! gr&-*ild ( ,god' 7,inf]no1 ,,xi1 #ajc74 8,art is ! gr&-*ild ( ,god because x is ! (fspr+ ( man's creative p[] z man himself has come f ! h&s ( ,god40 ,,vii ,,art ,,& ,,! ,,div9e #c4 ,,art ,,9 ,,its ,,relation ,,to ,,virtue ,! fact t religion & art are connect$ is abundantly e/abli%$ by hi/ory4 ,! naturalness ( t connection is made cle> by ! _m traits art & religion possess 9 common4 ,z philosoph]s h argu$ to ! exi/5ce ( ,god f ! fact t ! univ]sal belief 9 ,8 exi/5ce c be acc\nt$ = satisfactorily on no o!r supposition2 z philosoph]s also argue to ! immortality ( ! s\l f man's univ]sal & inevitable t5d5cy to un5d+ exi/5ce1 s 9 l mann]1 x may be argu$ t s9ce always & ev]y:]e ! art impulse is connect$ 9 its orig9 & gr[? ) religion1 t impulse too1 l belief 9 ,god & desire ( immortality & consci5ce = law & t5d5cy to tru?1 is a projection ( ! div9e ^u humanity1 n ! an?ropomorphism ( ,god b ! !omorphism ( man4 ,! /ructure ( our eye1 made to respond to light1 ju/ifies u 9 conclud+ !re is light4 ,! nature ( ! s\l1 :i* c respond to inf9ite beauty1 ju/ifies u 9 conclud+ !re is inf9ite beauty4 ,he :o said1 8,let !re be light10 said also1 8,let u make man aft] our own image & lik5ess40 ,an explanation ( ! nature ( ^! two human acts ( art & religion w disclose m analogies :ile reveal+ ess5tial diff]5ces4 ,religion is a virtue ( ! w1 a habit develop$ by ! free act ( man1 a virtue :i* culm9ates 9 wor%ip ( ,god z ! supreme be+4 ,! impulse ( art has n be5 analyz$ z fully & z satisfactorily z ! virtue ( religion1 b f ,ari/otle's analysis 9 ! ,poetics1 ?r\gh ! ,neo-,platoni/s & ! ,s*ola/ics d[n to ,kant & 8 foll[]s1 !re is common agreem5t t ! t5d5cy to beauty does n belong to ! incl9ation t[>ds good1 actuat+ appetite & w1 b t ! enjoym5t ( beauty is a function ( ! p]ceptions1 ! imag9ation1 & ! m9d4 ,! admitt$ dis9t]e/$ness ( ! art impulse is ! p>am\nt & irresi/ible evid5ce t x diff]s ess5tially f ! self-seek+ t5d5cy ( w & appetite :i* _c be indiff]5t to good1 s9ce good is ! v cause & condition ( ! appetite's exi/5ce4 ,! enjoym5t ( a pa9t$ fruit is ak9 to ! enjoym5t ( v]ifi$ !ory or ( a triumphant conclusion1 & n l ! satisfaction felt 9 ! own]%ip ( ! pa9t+ ( fruit or 9 ! actual crav+ or eat+ ( ! fruit4 ,x is evid5t1 !re=e1 :y a man may be arti/ic )\t be+ religi\s4 ,!re is no m difficulty 9 und]/&+ :y an arti/ is n a sa9t ?an 9 kn[+ t consci5ce is "o ?+ & act+ up to x ano!r ?+4 ,improvem5t 9 art does n always mean improvem5t 9 morals or 9 religion1 any m ?an to "k is to w4 ,nor1 on ! o!r h&1 w ! evil ( an arti/ or ( 8 "w be evid5ce aga9/ ! div9ity ( art4 ,! div9e orig9 ( consci5ce & ! natural law is evid5t 9 ! vice ( ! s9n] z 9 ! virtues ( ! sa9t4 ,! ess5tial diff]5ce betwe5 art & religion %[s also t ! s*ool 9 :i* ! prophet is ,rusk91 ! s*ool :i* f9ds a religion 9 ! beauty ( _w or ( art1 is incorrect 9 its tea*+4 ,love & fe> are ! ma9spr+s ( action1 ! inc5tives to virtue4 ,beauty may grace ! attraction ( good2 x _c take ! place ( good 9 virtue & religion4 ,e/heticism is n asceticism4 ,francis ( ,assisi 0 a poet & a sa9t1 ,francesca da ,rim9i enjoy$ poetry1 might h be5 a poet1 b 0 n always a sa9t1 & _m a ,francisco & ,francesca may be f\nd nei!r arti/ic nor religi\s1 z _m are tal5t$ )\t be+ virtu\s & virtu\s )\t be+ tal5t$4 ,despite ! sad lack ( h>mony betwe5 ! beauty ( _! art & ! virtue ( _! lives1 arti/s h nev]!less always be5 rev]$4 ,! honor ( _! art has won !m 9 _! lapses a g5tl5ess ( treatm5t n accord$ to less favor$ mortals4 ,!y are fall5 angels if !y fall4 ,does ! union ( religion & art mean !n t ! arti/ mu/ be a morali/8 ,to moralize is n a function ( art z su*4 ,i enjoy ! beauty ( a tree )\t any feel+ t x conveys a tru? or inculcates a virtue4 ,! arti/ may transf] ! tree to canvas1 :]e ,i enjoy x z ,i did 9 nature )\t any accessory implication1 in=m+ or e?ical4 ,joyce ,kilm] may put ! tree 9 a poem & ) x add beauty to ! tru? t1 8only ,god c make a tree40 ,! psalmi/ may put a tree 9 8 sacr$ hymn & ) x add beauty to 8 praise ( ! life ( a good man1 :o %all be 8l a tree plant$ ne> ! runn+ wat]s40 ,logical tru? & moral good are n exclud$ f art1 al?\gh ! arti/ by pr(ession is n a tea*]4 ,mod]n critics are (t5 inconsi/5t & hypocritical 9 welcom+ e dramati/ or poet or noveli/ :o undisguis$ly advocates v>i\s !ories1 b w be )]+ 9 _! scorn = any "o :o advocates ! t5 comm&m5ts4 ,to moralize1 to dogmatize1 to !orize is n ! function ( art1 & ?\gh ^! actions are n incompatible ) ! functions ( art1 v r>ely 9 ! hi/ory ( art has x be5 successful :5 x und]took to tea* or to prea*4 ,didactic poetry1 satire poetry & propag&a drama1 h great difficulty 9 becom+ poetry & rema9+ poetry4 ,religion !n is a virtue ( ! w1 result+ 9 acts ( wor%ip2 art1 a p[] ( ! m9d1 result+ 9 v>i\s arti/ic creations4 ,religion may rema9 :olly spiritual1 ev5 9 its expression1 b1 ?\gh ! m9d's appreciation ( beauty may re/ on purely spiritual & intellectual objects1 su* z !ories or virtues or ,god & heav51 art mu/ express itself 9 s5sible objects4 ,ev5 9 lit]ature1 ! mo/ intellectual ( arts1 words & pictures ( ! imag9ation are ess5tial4 ,angels might be conceiv$ z hav+ an art ^: sole m$ium 0 spiritual ideas1 n s man1 ^: m9d works ?r\gh imag9ation4 ,aqu9as1 /ress+ ! intellectual nature ( beauty1 calls att5tion to ! fact t :ile m5 speak ( beautiful sights & beautiful s\nds1 !y w r>ely & only figuratively consid] ! acts ( o!r s5ses1 z ta/e1 t\* & sc5t1 beautiful4 ,! actions ( ^! s5ses are imm]s$ 9 ! mat]ial1 :]eas sight & he>+ are clos] to ! intellectual & spiritual4 ,man has n yet succe$$ 9 mak+ a f9e art ^: m$ium w\ld be ta/es & t\*es & fragrances4 ,! unselfi% enjoym5t ( art _c be releas$ 9 objects s mat]ial & s ne> to ! appetites4 ,! s5suali/ is n an arti/ 9 yield+ to s5se enjoym5t1 al?\gh he may wi% to give 8 unhall[$ ways an arti/ic gloss4 ,! "o :o sees only an apple pie 9 rosy apples or s5ses slumbr\s ease 9 s(t velvets & 9 iridesc5t silks or p]ceives only ! p]fume 9 fl[] & fruit1 is n exp]i5c+ e/hetic emotions1 b r /irr+s ( ! bodily appetites4 ,if e/heticism is n asceticism1 nei!r is x1 on ! o!r h&1 concupisc5ce or m]e s5sualism4 ,does ! connection betwe5 art & religion exclude ! pres5tation ( evil 9 art8 ,art w\ld be mu* h&icapp$ if x 7 re/rict$ entirely to good objects4 ,art is a manife/ation ( man's intellect & mu/ act 9 accord ) ! nature ( t faculty4 ,if evil is arti/ically pres5t$1 x mu/ be depict$ z evil4 ,to pres5t moral evil z a good is a falsification z repugnant to ! m9d z w\ld be ! pa9t+ ( a blue sunrise1 ( a gre5 moon or ( a black-&-tan sea1 & z absurd z ! sculpture ( a five-legg$ lion4 ,! enlight5$ m9d rejects su* physical mon/rosities1 & ! enlight5$ m9d1 despite ! l[] appetites1 rejects moral disord]s ) equal1 if n great]1 repugnance4 ,aga91 art requires t ! evil1 ! moral ugl9ess or physical ugl9ess1 be a necess>y & rational "p ( ! pres5tation4 ,a fact ( nature becomes at once ! mat]ial ( sci5ce1 because sci5ce conc]ns itself ) unadorn$ tru?4 ,b = a fact ( nature to be mat]ial ( art1 x mu/ be idealiz$1 t is1 x mu/ be made an integral "p ( ! art product4 ,! pleasure ( art does n arise f deception b f illusion :i* does n deceive4 ,pa9t$ grapes might deceive birds2 b did !y deceive m51 !n ! effect w\ld n be t ( art b ( reality4 ,! evil or ugly c nev] be pleasant z long z x is pres5t & actual4 ,! transf] ( evil to ! _w ( art if x becomes an integral1 ju/ifi$ & rationaliz$ "p ( ! illusion1 is usually en\gh to rob evil ( its actuality & unpleasantness4 ,sometimes 9 contempor>y realism1 ) e ju/ification ( ugl9ess f ! art product1 !re is depression & n true art pleasure1 because we _c =get ! actual _w :5 contemplat+ ! imag9>y _w ( art4 ,suppose 8,macbe?0 or 8dipus0 7 really hi/orical & 7 act$ 9 ! pres5ce ( _! contempor>ies or ( ! next g5]ation4 ,w\ld !re be satisfaction & ! emotional relief aris+ f illusion8 ,h>dly4 ,memories w\ld be too mu* lac]at$ ) ! actual to surr5d] to ! illusion ( art & to enjoy its contemplation4 ,actuality w\ld put back ! salt into ! te>s t else might h be5 sweet5$ by transf] ( evil to remote & imag9>y realms4 ,! ,greeks & ,%akespe>e 7 "r 9 mak+ _! trag$ies hi/orical1 :]eas mod]n reali/s are somb] ) pessimism because !y nev] =sake ! actual4 ,art & religion are bo? conc]n$ ) life & s !y bo? mu/ t\* evil & ugl9ess1 unhappily a l>ge "p ( life4 ,religion z a virtue mu/ ov]come evil & n p]mit x to ma/] ! w4 ,art depicts evil 9 su* a way z n to (f5d ! enlight5$ m9d1 by approval ( evil or by ! arti/ically unju/ifi$ introduction ( evil or by actual exp]i5ce ( evil4 ,9 all ^! cases ! m9d w\ld n exp]i5ce ! true & la/+ pleasure ( art4 ,! ta/e ( fruit passes2 ! contemplation ( pa9t$ fruit is a joy =ev]4 ,art pleasure is n ! play+ ) toys1 z ,plato w\ld seem to make x1 b ! f9e occupation ( rational m9ds1 :i* ,ari/otle made x1 an occupation wor?y ( man because art int]prets nature & man to himself1 because art ex]cises man's rational faculties1 because art releases man's emotions "u conditions :]e ! evil ( actual life is remov$4 ,macbe? & dipus 9 life 7 sadd5+ spectacles2 ! e*o ( t sadness felt ?r\gh dramatic repres5tation has high pleasure = ! m9d4 ,! ca?>tic function ( art br+s x close to ! virtu\s & ! div9e4 ,:at virtue does really1 art does ideally1 trans=m+ evil into good4 ,! vic>i\s sacrifice ( ,calv>y 0 ! ca?>sis ( mank9d1 an inf9ite cleans+1 comp>$ ) :i* ! vic>i\s feel+ ( dramatically enact$ evil is b z a drop to ! ocean4 ,close to ! div9e1 too1 al?\gh at ! same "t inf9itely remote1 is ! creation ( art4 ,wisdom & love inspir$ ,god 9 ,8 creation1 b s also did ! que/ ( beauty4 ,aqu9as call$ ! univ]se ,god's s]mon1 & ! univ]se is a div9e pictur+ & sculptur+ & h>moniz+4 ,! arti/ foll[s f> aft]1 re?9k+ ?r\gh f9ite images ! ideals :i* fill$ ! ?\ghts ( ! ,div9e ,arti/4 ,9 idealiz+1 9 creat+1 is art ak9 to ! div9e1 &1 la/ly1 9 its dis9t]e/$ness is art div9e4 ,all appreciation ( beauty is div9e4 ,contemplation w be ! occupation ( et]nity1 & contemplation is ! prop] & ! cong5ial attitude ( ! s\l t[>ds beauty4 ,good inspires love & attracts to union1 b :5 union has be5 effect$ 9 et]nity1 ! enraptur$ ec/asy ( ! beautiful w be ! s\l's un5d+ activity4 ,beauty is ! supreme excell5ce ( tru?1 ! poli% on ! granite ( fact1 ! uncloy+ fasc9ation arre/$ ^u p]fection4 ,9 et]nity inf9ite good & inf9ite tru?1 obscur$ 9 "t1 w /ream into ! s\l uncl\d$ & refulg5t1 & beauty w grace love & cr[n wisdom4 ,! millions ( mank9d :o admire ! r$ ( e morn+1 & ! =e/s break+ gre5 ?r\gh ! silv] mi/s & ! birds 9 awak5$ song ris+ f ! fl[]s to ! bright5+ sky1 ^! millions d n begrudge "o ano!r su* beautiful spectacles1 nor are !y mutually jeal\s z !y li/5 to beautiful s\nds4 ,t unselfi%1 t un5vi\s contemplation ( beauty m>ks (f man f animals by an impassable *asm & makes him an image ( ! self-suffic+ ,creator1 ! s\rce ( all beauty1 ! exempl> ( all beauty1 :om ! ,bless$ =ev] contemplate & =ev] enjoy1 un5vy+ & un5vi\sly4 ,,viii ,,! ,,visc]al ,,te/ ,,( ,,beauty 8,:at is ! prime requisite ( a critic80 0 ! "q4 8,8 s9c]ity10 said "o2 88 sympa?y10 said a second2 88 philosophy10 said a ?ird1 8because ev]y?+ he says w be rul$ by 8 pr9ciples1 ev5 8 s9c]ity & sympa?y40 ,! answ] ( ! ?ird speak] is p]t95t to a symposium pr9t$ 9 ! ,new ,republic on ! function ( criticism4 ,x is ! common view ( ! sev5 writ]s t criticism is an art & ! critics1 arti/s1 b no "o1 except ,mr4 ,francis ,hackett1 tries to %[ :at ! label ( arti/ means4 ,mr4 ,dick9son ,mill]1 a pr(essor 9 a !ological sem9>y1 v ju/ly & q fitt+ly insi/s on ! social responsibility ( ! arti/1 z "o :o deals ) life4 ,mr4 ,lovett goes to hi/ory & prep>es ! gr\nd = a discussion ( pr9ciples by gr\p+ critics 9 sev]al classes4 ,mr4 ,clive takes ! humble/ & mo/ practical view ( ! critic1 call+ him an apprais]1 a function :i* ,mr4 ,h4 ,l4 ,m5ck5 vehem5tly repudiates & places a *ip on 8 %\ld] :ile bellig]5tly proclaim+ himself impressioni/ic4 ,he makes "o deep rem>k :i* w\ld seem to put him 9 ! same s*ool ( e/hetics ) ,mr4 ,hackett4 ,presumably ) humor\s int5t1 or p]haps s]i\sly1 ,mr4 ,m5ck5 locates ! arti/ic impulse 9 8hormones & inte/9al flora40 ,hormones are secretions ( ! gl&s 7we j look$ x up67 & 8inte/9al flora0 may mean f]m5ts4 ,mr4 ,m5ck5 is abrea/ ( ! times4 ,graft on a new gl& & ma/icate yea/1 ^! are ! new specifics = all ! ills t fle% is heir to4 ,! o!r contributors to ?is int]e/+ symposium1 ?\gh n1 ) ! exception ( ,mr4 ,hackett1 delv+ z deep z ,mr4 ,m5ck51 w\ld appe> to be 9 philosophy individuali/s & subjectivi/s4 ,! =m] editor ( ! ,a!num1 ,mr4 ,j4 ,middleton ,murry1 accepts ! dictum ( ,rmy de ,g\rmont3 8,erect p]sonal impressions into laws10 z ! 8true motto ( a critic40 ,mr4 ,murry is1 h[ev]1 too s5sible to accord to individual impressions undue fre$om & ) "s viol5ce to 8 consi/5cy ass]ts t p]sonal laws /& or fall by _! agreem5t ) common exp]i5ce & ) human nature4 ,mr4 ,morris ,coh5 puts himself into a fallaci\s dilemma f :i* he does n successfully extricate himself4 ,accord+ to ,mr4 ,coh51 all critics are l$ by p]sonal impressions or by ! au?ority ( o!rs4 ,he %\ld "k t betwe5 ! bl9d feel+ ( impressionism & ! bl9d fai? ( au?ority !re is enlight5$ reason4 ,mr4 ,coh5 does n take ! pa? ( reason1 b endeavors to escape ! horns ( 8 own dilemma by rec\rse to pragmatism4 ,he claims1 :at w be news to hi/orians ( philosophy1 t ,euclid 0 ! fir/ pragmati/1 al?\gh 9 ! next brea? ,mr4 ,coh5 /ates t 8ma!maticians ( ! n9ete5? c5tury h %[n t ,euclid's axioms are m]e guesses to be ju/ifi$ by _! consequ5ces 9 ! factual realm40 8,factual realm0 seems to mean ! indef9itely remote future ( pragmatism :]e ! gold ( tru? is sep>at$ f mean] elem5ts4 ,"s *os5 spirits ( ! 8factual realm0 n[ assure u t ! 8self-evid5t pr9ciples0 ( ,euclid are 8guesses40 ,mr4 ,coh5 is equipp$ to write an inside hi/ory ( philosophy ) "s entirely orig9al features4 ,! 8factual realm0 leads back to skepticism1 & ,mr4 ,coh5 is /ill impal$ by 8 dilemma4 ,mr4 ,francis ,hackett makes ! mo/ s]i\s attempt to get at ! philosophy ( criticism & ( art1 & attacks at once ! "q ( ! beautiful4 ,x is evid5ce ( 8 ?or\ghness t he goes /raightway to ! great problem ( e/hetics1 8,c an object be at once beautiful & evil80 ,mr4 ,hackett answ]s promptly 9 ! negative1 b !n proce$s to confuse ! po9t by go+ to ano!r & diff]5t "q1 8,c evil or an ugly object be repres5t$ 9 art80 ,! answ] to ?is "q is evid5t4 ,! elopem5t ( ,hel51 ! patricide & ince/ ( dipus1 ! gall]ies ( ,dante's ,inf]no & ,purgatorio1 & c\ntless o!r happ5+s 9 ! _w ( art1 %[ t ! evil & ! ugly h be5 & may be repres5t$ 9 art4 8,i c h>dly conceive10 says ,mr4 ,hackett1 8an arti/ z subdu+ a canc]\s object to an e/hetic design40 ,b :y n8 ,m>riage ) "o's "m is m repugnant ?an a canc]1 & yet x 0 h&l$ successfully by ,sophocles1 h[ev] repulsive "s ( 8 imitators h be5 9 _! details4 ,! v transf] to ! realm ( art robs ! ugly object ( its actuality & imm95ce4 ,surely ! ugly & evil h be5 & may be repres5t$ 9 art1 b su* objects may n be repres5t$ z beautiful & good4 ,t 7 z false & untrue to nature z a c5tip$e c[ 9 a picture4 ,p]haps a canc] c\ld n appe> 9 a picture or poem or /ory except by sugge/ion4 ,a />k realism w\ld disgu/1 b a true arti/ might subdue a canc]\s object to arti/ic design z effectively z ,hom] subdu$ 9 8 /ory ! fleas ( ! dog1 ,argos1 & ! dung-heap :]e he lay4 ,beauty 9 art w\ld lose "o ( its *>ms1 ! spl5dor ( contra/1 did n admitt$ ugl9ess or evil occur 9 art4 ,bad art disgu/s & s does badness 9 art1 :5 badness is approv$ or :5 x is project$ into art = purposes n arti/ic4 ,mr4 ,hackett's real tr\ble is t he has n prop]ly isolat$ ! feel+ ( art awak5$ by beauty4 ,he ?9ks t ! e/hetic s5se is sexual & visc]al4 ,if ! m\? wat]s at pa9t$ fruit1 w\ld ,mr4 ,hackett call art salival8 ,human be+s are composites1 & ext]nal objects :ile produc+ _! ess5tial & prop] effects may h concomitant effects accid5tally br\ght into be+4 ,to admire ! beauty ( an apple is an e/hetic feel+ entirely di/9ct 9 cause & faculty & 9 op]ation f ! feel+ ( s5sible satisfaction1 anticipat$ or actual1 :i* comes to ! ta/e-buds1 & diff]5t aga9 f any visc]al qualms t may arise f associat$ ideas ( unhappy exp]i5ce ) o!r apples4 ,mr4 ,hackett has be5 l$ a/ray by n di/+ui%+ ! dis9t]e/$ emotions ( beauty f ! selfi% emotions ( appetite4 ,he calls beauty1 8dis9t]e/$ satisfaction10 & 9 t ^w 8dis9t]e/$0 he has a fact ab\t beauty1 a fact solv+ 8 problems1 a fact :i* has be5 admitt$ by e "o :o has /udi$ ! subject1 & a fact :i* is capable ( exp]im5tal demon/ration at any mom5t4 ,pr(essor ,phelps ( ,yale once call$ e/hetic emotions a sp9al ?rill2 ,mr4 ,m5ck5 w\ld call !m 8hormones or inte/9al flora02 & ,mr4 ,hackett decl>es t 8! true s\rces ( e/hetic satisfaction & dissatisfaction are deep 9 our emotional & visc]al life40 ,! "o ess5tial quality ( dis9t]e/$ness1 f\nd 9 e/hetic satisfaction1 %[s ! absurdity ( all su* /atem5ts4 ,bodily emotions are all ! outcome ( appetites1 & appetites are nev] dis9t]e/$ b always self-seek+ by _! v nature4 ,!y are actuat$ by good2 !y t5d to an end1 an end :i* !y d n & _c seek dis9t]e/$ly4 ,ev5 ! act ( ! highe/ dis9t]e/$ love may be ak9 to ! s5se ( beauty1 b x is n z :olly dis9t]e/$ because t unselfi% love is /ill seek+ good1 & good z su* does n come )9 ! purview ( beauty at all4 ,x is impossible to be dis9t]e/$ t[>ds good or evil4 ,mr4 ,hackett speaks ( beauty be+ a 8s5su\s satisfaction40 ,"h aga9 !re is a confusion betwe5 beauty ( art & o!r beauty4 ,art appeals to ! s5ses because art pres5ts its beauty 9 concrete embodim5ts4 ,to t ext5t ! satisfaction ( beauty arises f s5sible objects1 b ! feel+ ( beauty transc5ds m]e s5sation4 8,art is long40 8,a ?+ ( beauty is a joy =ev]40 ,! satisfaction ( appetite is pass+2 ! satisfaction ( beauty abides4 ,mr4 ,hackett does well to seek ! spr+s ( beauty 9 p]sonality4 ,p]sonality is an abid+ pr9ciple ( intellectual be+s4 ,! endur+ joy ( beauty argues to an abid+ pr9ciple :i* be>s ! dynamic *>ge ( t joy4 ,beauty supposes a s\l4 8,beauty is a light t may foll[ any reality :atev] & give u ! p[] to release our emotions happily 9 ! pres5ce ( t reality40 ,s /ates ,mr4 ,hackett1 & he is "r1 if he gives ! correct mean+ to 8emotions40 ,light or lu/] has be5 recogniz$ f all "t z an objective elem5t ( beauty1 :i* has be5 def9$ z ! light ( tru?4 ,mr4 ,hackett p>aphrases a def9ition :i* has be5 incorrectly attribut$ to ,plato4 ,kleutg5 has def9$ beauty z ! p]fection ( any?+ respl5d5tly manife/$4 ,let u hope t ,mr4 ,hackett w remove 8visc]al0 f among ! qualities ( beauty & preclude critics f add+ a fiftie? explanation ( ,ari/otle's ca?>sis to ! =ty-n9e v>ieties already set =?4 ,we>]s ( ,murphy buttons or ^? :o h lo/ or may lose sections ( ! inte/9al tract %\ld be assur$ 9 an am5d$ edition ( ,mr4 ,hackett's e/hetics t _! s5se ( beauty has n be5 abbreviat$ or impair$4 ,sane philosophy is ! prime requisite ( true criticism4 ,,"p ,,second ,,art ,,9 ,,! ,,tea*+ ,,( ,,lit]ature ,,ix ,,look+ ,,=w>d ,,9 ,,lit]ature ,! tea*] ( lit]ature today is look+ backw>d :5 he %\ld be look+ =w>d4 ,greek lit]ature1 ,lat9 lit]ature &1 to a l>ge ext5t1 ,engli% lit]ature are n ori5tat$2 !y d n face ! ris+ sun4 ,x 0 n s 9 ! ,greek s*ools ( ,greek lit]ature4 ,gorgias & ,isocrates taught lit]ature = ! morr[1 & = practical & imm$iately practical purposes4 ,9 ! ,roman s*ools x 0 s f fir/ to la/4 ,recall ,cic]o's /udies "u ,greek rhetoricians & ,cic]o's own prea*m5t 9 ! ,ar*ias spee*4 8,%ame on ^? :o bury !mselves s deep 9 lit]ature t !y h>ve/ no?+ = ! good ( all & br+ no?+ to light = our eyes to look ^u40 ,recall ,qu9tilian's ,in/itutes ( ,oratory1 & all ! int]v5+ s*ools ( ,rome4 ,rome _h no vocational s*ools = road-build+1 b ,rome did h s*ools ( gramm>1 poetry1 rhetoric & philosophy :]e x tra9$ lead]s ) vision & ) ! p[] to act4 ,! bra9s ( ,rome tra9$ 9 lit]ature guid$ b>b>ian h&s to lay d[n ! roads ov] :i* ,*ri/ianity travel$ & civilization came d[n to u4 ,lit]ature look$ =w>d 9 e p]iod ( ! _w's s*ool+4 ,ausonius & ,isidore1 ,alcu9 & ,petr>*1 ,boileau & ,pope1 ,engl& & ,france1 & ev5 ,g]many until ab\t ! middle ( ! n9ete5? c5tury & ,am]ica until a little lat]1 kept ! lit]atures ( ,greece & ,rome ori5tat$ to ! future by tea*+ !m z arts1 by mak+ composition ( lit]ature ! goal ( ! tea*+ ( lit]ature4 ,sci5ce is ev] gr[+ old2 hi/ory is always be+ rewritt52 lit]ature is ev] "y4 ,we "k m ab\t ,hom]'s hi/ory ?an ,long9us knew1 b we d n ta/e ! delight ( 8 poetry any bett] ?an ,long9us ta/$ x4 8,h&+ on ! tor* ( le>n+0 is a trite phrase1 b x is lit]ally v]ifi$ 9 ! true tea*+ ( lit]ature4 ,ea* age adds to ! advance ( sci5ce & in=mation1 b art is long4 ,lit]ature & art d n belong to ! pa/4 ,lit]ally & )\t figure ( spee* !y are ! pa/ liv+ 9 ! pres5t4 ,!y are ! flam+ tor*1 k9dl$ 9 ! pa/1 nev] dimm+ & nev] to dim4 ,write a hi/ory ( arti/s2 d n write a hi/ory ( art4 8,a ?+ ( beauty is a joy =ev]40 ,! in=mation ( sci5ce *anges e mom5t2 ! appreciation ( art once ga9$ is endur+4 ,! ,encyclop$ia ,britannica has rewritt5 all its sci5ce & hi/ory2 x repr9ts its appreciations ( ,sophocles by ,campbell & ( ,demo/h5es by ,jebb & ev5 ( ,johnson by ,macaulay4 ,:]e ! cause is ! same1 ! effect is ! same1 & s ! beauty ( ,hom]'s rosy-f+]$ dawn awak5s /ill ! same appreciation4 ,( lit]ature z a subject ( inve/igation 9 univ]sity or graduate "w !re is "h no "q4 ,! inve/igator /udies ! orig91 ! developm5t1 ! hi/ory ( lit]ature4 ,he looks backw>d2 8 purpose is to amass in=mation & to codify a sci5ce4 ,t is n or %\ld n be ! purpose ( ! tea*] 9 high s*ool & college4 ,he is educat+2 he wi%es to set 9 op]ation & p]fect ! faculties ( ! class be=e him1 to impress ^u e faculty its own prop] art1 t is1 its habitual & excell5t way ( act+4 ,! s*ool tea*] is conc]n$ ) ! education ( acts2 ! univ]sity lectur] ) ! education ( facts4 ,take ! ,ratio ,/udiorum ( ! ,jesuits1 a sy/em embody+ ! traditions ( education & n diff]+ fundam5tally f o!r sy/ems ( its "t4 ,! ,ratio ,/udiorum _h no hi/ory ( lit]ature or lectures on ! evolution ( lit]ature4 ,x did n approa* lit]ature z a sci5ce b z an art4 ,x took ! /&>d au?ors ( ,lat9 & ,greek4 ,cic]o 0 ! /aple ( e class 9 ,lat9 because = ne>ly e k9d ( ,lat9ity1 hi/ory & poetry except$1 he 0 a model4 ,cic]o 0 analyz$1 0 appreciat$1 0 imitat$1 t ! /ud5t might express himself 9 writ+ & speak+ z cle>ly1 z int]e/+ly1 z =cibly z ,cic]o1 t ! /ud5t might be ma/] ( acts ( lit]ature1 n ( facts ab\t lit]ature4 ,t 0 & is humanism2 t is1 mak+ a man a man by equipp+ all 8 faculties ) ! art prop] to ea*4 ,! humanities 7 s call$ because !y embody man4 ,sci5ce is classifi$ nature2 lit]ature is nature br\ght into t\* ) man's p]sonality & transmut$ into art1 man's only creation4 ,y _c get grapes f ?orns or figs f ?i/les4 ,e o!r subject 9 ! curriculum produces its k9d2 s %\ld lit]ature4 ,ma!matics makes ma!maticians1 *emi/ry *emi/s1 & physics physici/s4 ,art %\ld produce arti/s2 lit]ature %\ld result 9 lit]ature1 9 arti/ic expression1 b x is made to produce hi/orians1 biograph]s1 p]haps critics4 ,! hi/ory ( lit]ature1 ! evolution ( lit]ature %\ld be put out ( high s*ool & college & relegat$ to ! univ]sity or h&$ ov] to ! lectures on hi/ory1 leav+ ! valuable "t ( lit]ature = appreciation & expression4 ,today we h lit]ature 9 "o class & composition 9 ano!r & p]haps rhetoric 9 ano!r4 ,dep>tm5ts are ! (fspr+ ( univ]sities & ! in/rum5ts ( sci5ce4 ,! rational s*ool ( lit]>y expression correlates au?or1 precept & ex]cise4 ,in=mation may be imp>t$ piecemeal & f diff]5t s\rces2 x is multitud9\s & capable ( division4 ,=mation is "o & unit$2 x is ! faculty or p[] br\ght to ! p]fection ( self-expression4 ,art requires a tea*] & unify+ ( means2 sci5ce may h a score ( lectur]s z its tru?s are f\nd 9 a score ( books4 ,let ! tea*] ( lit]ature !re=e take /&>d lit]ature1 make x und]/ood1 feel its p]sonality t /ud5ts may feel x1 note & appreciate its beauty t o!rs may take fire or at lea/ get heat f ! en?usiasm k9dl$ )9 him1 & !n let ! tea*] see to x t 8 class express _! own selves z ! au?or express$ himself4 ,let /ud5ts d = ,l9coln :at ,%akespe>e did = ,julius ,cs>4 ,if !y _c d a play1 p]haps !y c d an act2 if !y _c create a "*1 p]haps !y c give "o *>act]i/ic action2 if !y _c write a description or tell a /ory1 p]haps !y c supply a n\n = ,l9coln or visualize 8 de$s 9 a v]b or pa9t him 9 an epi!t or co9 him 9 a metaphor4 ,& all ?is1 n = an ,elizabe?an public1 b = ! /ud5ts' own public "h & n[1 look+ =w>d1 n backw>d4 ,desp]ate ef=ts h be5 made to galvanize lit]>y c\rses by lectures on mod]n novels1 curr5t magaz9es & daily pap]s4 ,! lam5table fact is t mo/ rec5t products are n lit]ature2 t if !re is 9 !m art1 x has n be5 made available = /ud5ts1 z ! art ( lit]>y classics has be5 made available by c5turies ( criticism1 & t1 f9ally1 ! cont5ts ( contempor>y writ+s are s easy ( access & s invit+ to ! read] & yet (t5 s ephem]al1 t ! arti/ic =m is neglect$4 ,!re is no contempor>y hi/ory1 nei!r is !re contempor>y criticism4 ,lit]ature1 l all art1 mu/ pass beyond ! prejudices & passions ( ! day to be kn[n & appreciat$ z art at all4 ,x is = ! enlight5$ tea*] ( lit]ature to make ! /ud5ts embody _! own exp]i5ce 9 ! f9e/ art molds ( ! pa/1 n di/ract+ !m by ! multiplicity ( mod]n lit]ature1 b hold+ up ! ideals1 l tor*es1 to light ! pa?s be=e !m &1 l exp]t guides1 to direct ! trembl+ /eps ( beg9n]s to new goals4 ,lit]ature is n ! /udy ( words4 ,gramm> or philology is ! /udy ( words4 ,sci5ce dehumanizes ev]y?+2 x elim9ates ! p]sonal equation2 x is objective1 unimpassion$1 imp]sonal1 subord9at+ ev]y?+ to laws & pr9ciples4 ,lit]ature is ! opposite 9 e respect4 ,x is embodi$ humanity4 ,sci5ce conta9s "s ( man's op]ations2 lit]ature en%r9es all2 n tru? alone1 b good & beauty z well2 n simply ! cle> idea1 ! accurate /atem5t1 ! correct conclusion1 ! consi/5t reason+1 b also ! myriad visions ( ! imag9ation1 ! subtle analogies1 ! sugge/ive creations1 haunt+ beauties & idealiz$ good4 ,s lit]ature actuates e p[] ( man :e!r t p[] is a con/itu5t "p ( man's s\l or is a bodily p[] ^: op]ation by reaction t]m9ates 9 man's s\l4 ,z lit]ature is !re=e ! :ole man1 s f> z humanity c be put 9 language1 ! und]/&+ ( lit]ature1 its appreciation & mo/ ( all its creation w make e p[] ( ! /ud5t op]ate1 if lit]ature is taught z lit]ature4 ,su* results w n come automatically2 !y come :5 ! tea*] by true appreciation creates aga9 be=e ! /ud5t ! lit]>y ma/]piece & :5 ! /ud5t /rives to rival ! ma/]piece 9 ! expression ( 8 own exp]i5ce & ( 8 own dawn+ humanity4 ,lit]ature is look+ =w>d :5 x is mak+ m9ds ?9k & imag9ations imag9e & reasons reason & ta/es ta/e & emotions ?rill4 ,tea* lit]ature z an art1 :i* x is2 n z a sci5ce1 :i* x is n4 ,x ,,unify+ ,,education ,,?r\gh ,,lit]ature ,unity is mo/ useful1 if n ess5tial1 to a satisfactory c\rse ( /udies4 ,9 ! univ]sity ?is unity is effect$ by ! pr(ession :i* ! /ud5t has *os54 ,8 field ( conc5tration 9 art1 lit]ature1 law1 m$ic9e1 sci5ce1 eng9e]+ or div9ity dictates to him 8 subjects1 & 8 own e>ne/ *oice1 toge!r ) prescriptions & exam9ations1 insures unity & ?or\ghness 9 conc5tration c\rses4 ,lectur+ is ! pr$om9ant me?od ( ! univ]sity because pr(essors ( high] bran*es are few & /ud5ts are comp>atively num]\s4 ,lectur+ is ! weake/ & mo/ ineffective ( all means ( education1 & is only sav$ f complete failure by ! s]i\s purposes ( univ]sity /ud5ts & mu* m by ! sanction ( repetitions & exam9ations4 ,9 ! colleges1 h[ev]1 ) ! adv5t ( electivism !re 0 no unify+ bond to ! /udies4 ,univ]sity me?ods ( /udies & lectures prevail$ :]e !re 7 no univ]sity conditions4 ,?or\ghgo+ electivi/s1 l ,dr4 ,eliot1 admitt$ t ! purpose ( ! college 0 a g5]al education or culture1 b held t any & e /udy c\ld give su* g5]al tra9+4 ,presid5t ,l[ell1 ,dr4 ,eliot's successor1 began to put ord] into ! *aos ( extreme electivism4 ,he saw 8 coa*es on ! a?letic fields build up exp]t a?letes by a rigidly prescrib$ c\rse ( tra9+1 & proclaim$ ! analogy betwe5 body & m9d1 an analogy :i* w\ld h be5 all ! m cog5t _h 8 philosophy be5 mat]iali/ic l t ( ,dr4 ,eliot4 ,! prescrib$ exam9ation 9 "o dep>tm5t at ! end ( f\r ye>s is ! late/ advance ( ,h>v>d t[>d def9it5ess & unity4 ,all colleges 9 ,am]ica took up electivism to "s ext5t1 & ev5 :]e /udies 7 /ill prescrib$ !y adopt$ 9 _! catalogs ! language & me?ods ( electivism4 ,no long] 7 !re classes1 b ev]y:]e y _h c\rses & dep>tm5ts4 ,"o effect ( ?is sy/em has be5 to make cord9ate & ( equal importance _m subjects :i* _h =m]ly be5 subord9ate4 ,colleges ^: major subject1 or field ( conc5tration1 _h be5 language1 ) o!r subjects subord9ate1 n[ t5d$ to make e subject a major & e field a field ( conc5tration4 ,! dep>tm5tal sy/em has help$ to impair unity ( education by di/urb+ ! hi]>*y ( /udies & by remov+ all subord9ation4 ,x does n appe> to be feasible to conc5trate on ev]y?+4 ,9 "s cases colleges seem ab\t to give up ! g5]al-tra9+ idea & are t5d+ to make _! :ole c\rse subs]vi5t to a pr(ession1 oblig+ e "o to take a pre-m$ical c\rse because ! ,am]ican ,m$ical ,association is mighty & m$ical s*ools are v exact+4 ,=m]ly high s*ools & colleges made language or self-expression ! field ( conc5tration1 & o!r subjects1 l hi/ory1 ma!matics1 sci5ces1 7 kept subord9ate4 ,college & high s*ool _h !n "o purpose1 :i* unifi$ all _! /udies1 z a pr(ession unifi$ lectures 9 ! univ]sity--t purpose 0 ! ma/]y ( ! art ( expression4 ,! ,fr5* lyces1 ! ,g]man gymnasia1 ! ,engli% public s*ools1 ! ,jesuit ,ratio ,/udiorum1 prep>$ = ! univ]sity by mak+ /ud5ts ma/]s ( writ+ & speak+4 ,! writ] & speak] c\ld express himself2 8 intellectual faculties c\ld "w prop]ly1 & !re=e !y _h receiv$ a g5]al tra9+ :i* prep>$ !m = pr(essional "w ( a special k9d4 ,! field ( conc5tration 0 %[n 9 ! names ( ! classes4 ,! tea*]s 7 tea*]s1 n ( ,lat91 ,greek1 ,engli%1 b ( gramm>1 ( poetry1 ( oratory1 ( cle>1 int]e/+1 =ceful expression4 ,! dep>tm5tal sy/em de/roys ?is f9e unity or r5d]s x v difficult ( atta9m5t4 ,! dep>tm5tal sy/em has be5 p]haps ! *ief reason :y ! classics h be5 taught z means t[>ds ! acquisition ( v>i\s sci5ces r ?an z exemplifications ( lit]>y art4 ,x is z lit]ature & z models ( p]fect expression t ! classics h hi!rto surviv$2 z lit]ature & models ( expression !y 7 taught 9 ! days prec$+ ! univ]sity sy/em ( dep>tm5ts4 ,cic]o 0 a model ( lett]-writ+1 ( essay-writ+1 ( spee*-mak+4 ,he 0 *os5 ) a view to composition2 he 0 grad$ ) a view to composition4 ,h[ c a dep>tm5t tea*] pres]ve ! =m] unity ( sy/em1 :]e all lit]ature 0 /udi$ ) "o dom9at+ purpose1 self-expression8 ,if ! grade ( ! class is rhetoric or oratorical expression1 w ea* dep>tm5t tea* its own au?ors1 ,greek1 ,lat9 & ,engli%1 foll[+ ! same rhetorical precepts 9 ! same ord]1 or w ea* dep>tm5t foll[ its own t]m9ology & its own ord]1 or w1 z has happ5$ ev]y:]e1 ! tea*+ ( rhetoric be relegat$ to ,engli% or to a sep>ate pr(essor1 leav+ ,cic]o & ,demo/h5es to be taught z grammatical docum5ts or hi/orical docum5ts or z legal docum5ts1 n z spee*es1 n z models ( oratorical expression8 ,w ! pr(essor ( ,lat9 tea* ,virgil z epic poetry1 & ! pr(essor ( ,greek tea* ,hom] z epic poetry1 & ! pr(essor ( ,engli% tea* ,milton z epic poetry1 or w ! tea*+ ( poetry be avoid$ by ! ,greek & ,lat9 dep>tm5ts entirely8 ,cic]o & ,demo/h5es survive because !y are orators2 ,hom] & ,virgil live because !y are epic poets1 b ! dep>tm5tal sy/em ei!r =gets t fact entirely or has ?ree pr(essors tea*+ ! same ?+ ) confusion 9 ! ord] & 9 ! rules ( art4 ,! dep>tm5tal sy/em1 :i* is a univ]sity device adapt$ = specialization1 makes unity ( education extremely difficult1 & has tak5 all ! int]e/ out ( lit]ature by tea*+ x z ev]y?+ else b lit]ature6 ,besides1 z art is ! p[] ( do+1 & sci5ce is *iefly sy/ematiz$ in=mation1 ! process ( education = do+ w be diff]5t f ! process ( acquir+ in=mation4 ,too _m cooks may spoil ! bro? because cook+ is an art1 b too _m sign-po/s may n always confuse ! travel]4 ,x is f> easi] to divide in=mation among v>i\s ag5ts & imp>t x piecemeal ?an to apportion ! diff]5t faculties us$ 9 an art to diff]5t individuals :o w tra9 !m to act toge!r h>moni\sly4 ,diff]5t tea*]s may v well tea* ! geography ( diff]5t c\ntries1 b x w\ld n be feasible to let "o tea*] h ! "r h& & ano!r ! left 9 tea*+ ! art ( piano-play+4 ,omitt+ ! effect ( p]sonality1 :i* is p>am\nt 9 art1 z ! hi/ory ( all religi\s movem5ts %[s x also to h be5 9 ! =mation ( "* & 9 virtue1 "o _c fail to see t dep>tm5ts _c well cop]ate 9 giv+ ! =mation ( art4 ,9 fact1 practically ! art ( composition has ceas$ to be ! field ( conc5tration 9 mod]n high s*ools & colleges4 ,all lit]atures1 ev5 ,engli%1 are taught mo/ly z sci5ces4 ,! only :olesome reaction 9 mod]n education aga9/ ! pr$om9ance ( sci5ce or sy/ematiz$ in=mation is f\nd 9 ! pres5t vogue = psy*ological te/s4 ,^! are pr(ess$ly te/s ( p[]1 n ( m]e in=mation1 & 9 !m ! p[] ( self-expression ?r\gh language is prem95t4 ,all ! exam9ations are condition$ by ! necess>y m$ium ( language1 & by f> ! great] numb] ( te/s are & mu/ always be te/s 9 l+ui/ic expression4 ,language is ! only practical measure ( intellig5ce1 & if su* te/s w9 favor1 !y may result 9 e/abli%+ once m ! art ( expression z ! field ( conc5tration or major subject 9 high s*ools & colleges :i* give a g5]al education4 ,language1 :5 taught z an art1 educates ! m9d1 giv+ x ! p[]s ( expression :i* are ! gu>anties ( ! m9d's adequate education4 ,pr(essors become tea*]s ( an art1 n lectur]s 9 a sci5ce4 ,p]fect unity is f\nd :]e ! f9e/ models ( self-expression 9 all languages1 especially ! classical languages1 are direct$ by "o tea*] to ! ma/]y ( ! art ( expression 9 "o's own language4 ,,xi ,,! ,,int]e/+ ,,tea*] ,,( ,,lit]ature ,! n9ete5? c5tury 0 a c5tury ( sci5ce4 ,its atmosph]e 0 sur*>g$ ) sci5tific discov]ies & sci5tific !ories1 & radiat$ a sci5tific influ5ce 9 e direction4 ,among o!r effects ( t all-p]vad+ _s we may m5tion two t ent]$ ! classroom & deeply modifi$ ! tea*+ ( lit]ature4 ,sci5ce insi/$ on concrete results & t5d$ to emphasize me*anical me?ods1 enhanc+ sy/em at ! exp5se ( p]sonality4 ,sy/em 0 look$ ^u 9 "s s5se z automatic4 ,su* a widespread delusion1 :i* is n yet fully dissipat$1 0 ! logical outcome ( ! me*anical explanation ( ! univ]se4 ,! _w _h evolv$ along ! l9es ( inflexible laws4 ,man 0 "p ( ! ma*9e1 & ?\gh ! me*anism 0 complicat$ 9 8 case1 yet x 0 no?+ b me*anism aft] all4 ,if sy/em c\ld run ! univ]se )\t ! help ( p]sonality1 x w\ld n be h>d = x to run ! little univ]se ( man4 ,! same reason+ w\ld hold 9 a classroom4 ,! tea*] might be ask$ to t\* ! button1 b ! sy/em w\ld d ! re/4 ,x w\ld n seem to require mu* argum5tation to %[ ! fallacy ( su* a !ory4 ,d we n all "k t no?+ 9 ?is _w is :olly automatic8 ,motion is a function ( p]sonality4 ,p]petual motion 9 sy/ems & organizations1 t w\ld disp5se ) p]sonality1 is j z absurd z ! same proposal 9 ! physical ord]4 ,no?+ 9 ?is _w w run ( itself )\t p]sonal cop]ation4 ,some:]e !re mu/ be a liv+1 brea?+1 responsible individual4 ,we may h to travel a long way to f9d him1 b we %all f9d him1 ! man beh9d ! motion4 ,x is s ) ma*9es2 x is mu* m s ) organizations & sy/ems & laws2 x is mo/ ( all s 9 education4 ,lat9 or ,g]man or physics or any?+ else )\t a tea*] 7cf4 catalog ( correspond5ce s*ools7 are phrases t belong to ! language ( adv]tisem5t :i* has omitt$ f its e?ics ! *apt] on ly+4 ,all success1 all int]e/1 all en?usiasm are h>ve/s ^: s[+ is 9 a human head or human he>t4 ,ev5 ! univ]se calls = ! con/antly appli$ =ce ( omnipot5ce to keep x f dis9tegrat+ into no?+ness & ! wat*fulness ( ,provid5ce to prev5t x f wreck+ itself4 ,:ile writ]s on education h be5 trac+ ! causes ( ! decrease ( int]e/ 9 ! classics h !y n be5 ov]look+ ! necess>y factor ( p]sonality8 ,! o!r depress+ effect ^u education ex]cis$ by ! sci5tific atmosph]e 0 ! insi/5ce ^u concrete results1 lead+ likewise to ! elim9ation ( human int]e/4 ,sci5ce said to e bran* ( k1 8,collect y\r data1 classify y\r in/ances1 make y\r d$uctions1 enunciate y\r laws40 ,! lit]>y classics 7 bade to /& & deliv]4 ,!y _h to h data & d$uctions & laws4 ,hom] & ,virgil1 ,demo/h5es & ,cic]o became ! *os5 camp+-gr\nd ( ! speciali/s4 ,! pupils t f9i%$ ! ,iliad ) a ta/e develop$1 an imag9ation w>m$1 a s\l uplift$1 might be refus$ a degree4 ,! pupil :o _h ,hom] und]go ! surgical op]ations ( specialism1 :o _h him pigeon-hol$1 :o _h him weigh$ & c\nt$1 0 ! honor man ( ! class4 ,he c\ld write an essay on ,hom]ic olisms or ,hom]ic %ip-build+ or ,hom]ic ^w-build+4 ,he knew m ab\t ,hom]ic pott]y ?an ,hom]ic poetry4 ,:at if 8 he>t nev] beat fa/] z he read2 :at if he 0 too busy measur+ ! l5g? ( ,hom]ic swords or analyz+ ! metal ( ,hom]ic armor1 to dr9k 9 ! imag9ative delight ( battle1 ) ,hom]ic pe]s1 8f> on ! r++ pla9s ( w9dy ,troy10 he 0 sci5tific1 he _h "s concrete results to %[ = 8 s*ool+1 & he 0 ! pet *ild ( ! c5tury4 ,assets ( ! m9d c\ld n be weigh$ or measur$2 8 doctor's diss]tation 9 8 grip c\ld4 ,x conta9$ j tw5ty-five ?\s& words1 & weigh$ "o p\nd & a half1 & _h a sup]ficial area ( ab\t a hundr$ squ>e y>ds4 ,! f9al outcome ( ! baneful influ5ce ( ! sci5tific atmosph]e is ! almo/ complete p]v]sion ( ! good old ^w1 s*ol>4 ,no "o c lay claim n[ to ! title s*ol>ly1 unless he is equipp$ ) a =midable array ( facts & figures4 ,he mu/ bri/le ) ! fretful quills ( half a hundr$ sci5ces4 ,9 ! /udy ( ! classics he is s busy ) ! words ( ! text t he has n "t = _! mean+4 ,:5 he has settl$ ! conflict+ claims ( innum]able v>iant read+s & all ! argum5ts = ! same1 he has no leisure left = ! old-fa%ion$ practice ( try+ to appreciate ! accept$ read+4 ,s*ol>%ip is n[ a matt] ( memory1 a some?+ t deals ) introductions1 footnotes1 excursuses & critical app>atuses4 ,plead guilty to an ignorance ( all ?is1 & y may be indulg5tly p]mitt$ to call y\rself judici\s1 appreciative1 disc]n+1 capable ( enjoy+ a lit]>y ma/]piece1 b y c\ld n presume to call y\rself s*ol>ly4 ,ju/9 ,mc,carthy1 9 an article ab\t 8 old s*oolma/]1 alludes to ! same fact4 8,i nev] knew a s*ol>10 he decl>es1 8s ?or\gh :o 0 less ( a p$ant1 b ,i ought to say1 p]haps1 t ! g5]al "* ( 8 tea*+ 0 n :at w\ld be call$ 9 our days s*ol>ly40 ,?is /eady elim9ation ( ! subjective elem5t ( education ) ! correspond+ developm5t ( ! objective side dur+ ! ye>s ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 all t5d$ to ! ext9ction ( ! individual4 ,ano!r factor also cop]at$ 9 a*iev+ ?is result4 ,! classes 9 s*ool & college grew m num]\s1 & ! s*oolma/] became 9 turn a tea*]1 a pr(essor1 a lectur]4 ,) ea* *ange he drew fur!r away f 8 he>]s4 ,! great] ! audi5ce ! weak] ! p]sonal note1 ! less individual ! expression4 ,! lectur] on a classical au?or mu/ /ray m f ! text ?an ! tea*]4 ,he is necess>ily m g5]al & h5ce m imp]sonal4 ,he feels b\nd to give facts m ?an impressions4 ,he is committ$ to ! =mulat+ ( !ories bas$ on a dissection ( ! text1 & %r9ks f sett+ =? ! feel+s :i* a ma/]piece excites4 ,! lectur] t5ds to subord9ate ! au?or to 8 lecture1 :]e ! tea*]'s m humble lot leads him to efface himself 9 ! pres5ce ( ! au?or4 ,?is leads u to set =? ! prop] attitude ( ! tea*] t[>d ! text1 & we c\ld n beg9 ! discussion bett] ?an by giv+ a fur!r description ( ,ju/9 ,mc,carthy's old s*oolma/]4 8,i h10 he wrote1 9 ,m>*1 #ahii1 8! mo/ delightful & t5d] memories ( my de> old s*oolma/] 9 ,cork4 ,he 0 n1 inde$1 ! fir/ s*oolma/] ,i ev] _h1 b he taught me all or put me 9 ! way ( le>n+ all t ,i h ev] kn[n1 & aft] ?is long lapse ( "t ,i feel z /rongly z ev] h[ mu* ,i owe him4 ,8 "n 0 ,john ,g\ld+1 & he kept a s*ool 9 ! city ( ,cork1 my bir?place4 8,to make u und]/& :at we 7 read+ & enjoy x1 to make u wi% to read m & und]/& x bett]--su* 0 ! object ( 8 :ole me?od4 ,!re 0 v little ( :at is call$ #8gett+ by he>t' 9 8 sy/em1 unless :5 he wi%$ to tra9 memory m]ely = ! sake ( tra9+ x4 ,:5 we 7 /udy+ "s ,lat9 au?or he told u all ab\t ! au?or & ! sc5es describ$ 9 ! pages be=e u1 & he invit$ all mann] ( que/ions on ! subject4 ,he %[$ u on ! maps :]e ! places 7 :i* ! au?or 0 describ+1 & he illu/rat$ ! au?or's mean+ z if he 7 an arti/ illu/rat+ a /ory4 8,i d n "k to describe 8 me?od ( tea*+ bett] ?an by say+ t x 0 lit]>y r ?an s*ola/ic4 ,8 great desire 0 t a boy %\ld be able to read ,greek & ,lat9 z easily z he read ,%akespe>e & ,addison1 & he reg>d$ gramm> z a necess>y means to t end1 b n z ! end itself4 ,he always took c>e t hi/orical & geographical k %\ld "w 9 ) & illu/rate our lit]>y /udies4 8,i c only say = myself t :atev] love ( books ,i may h _h ,i owe 9 ! ma9 to 8 tea*+ & to 8 influ5ce1 & ,i c say ) lit]al tru?fulness t ?r\gh\t a busy life 9 public & 9 private 8 influ5ce & tea*+ h always be5 ) me & are ) me /ill40 ,john ,g\ld+ w\ld n be consid]$ 9 our day a rem>kable p$agogi/ & has n bequea!d 8 "n to a sy/em ( education2 yet he pres5ts _m traits ( ! true tea*]1 & ^! details ( 8 life are p]t95t to our "q4 ,! true comm5tator1 ^: sugge/ion we see 9 ! ,cork s*oolma/]1 w n be a philologi/1 b w use philology2 he w n be a gramm>ian1 b he w refuse no po9t ( gramm> t w help4 ,he w press e sci5ce into s]vice1 b he w be ! slave ( none4 ,he w rememb] t 8 supreme object 9 tea*+ is n to compose a diction>y ( antiquities nor to collect extracts = rhetoric or examples = gramm>4 ,8 object r is & %\ld be to br+ ! pupil to ! text1 to br+ ! m9d ( ! au?or to ! m9d ( ! read]4 ,away f diction>y & gramm>1 away f footnote & app5dix1 back to ! text1 %\ld be ! tea*]'s cry4 ,! text %\ld be ! c5t] ^u :i* e s\rce ( in=mation %\ld be focus$1 n ! c5t] f :i* to radiate to ! *e]less circumf]5ce ( specializations4 ,we d n cont5d = sup]ficiality1 = slip%od gramm>1 = inaccurate erudition4 ,?or\ghness1 c>e1 accuracy1 mu/ rule 9 ! classroom4 ,we are simply = lib]al education1 :i* opposes e>ly specialization 9 c\rses & mu/ equally oppose x 9 ! tea*+ ( lit]ature4 ,! /udy ( ! classics %\ld key up ! :ole intellectual app>atus4 ,x %\ld %>p5 ! critical faculties1 w>m ! imag9ation1 cultivate ! judgm5t1 develop ! ta/e1 ennoble ! appreciation1 ex]cise1 p>tially at lea/1 ! reason+ faculty1 & f9ally end[ ! /ud5t ) p]fect$ p[]s ( expression4 ,to subord9ate lit]ature to any "o ( ! sw>m ( sci5ces t sprang into life la/ c5tury is to limit its effici5cy & degrade x z a means ( g5]al culture4 ,! tea*]1 h[ev]1 mu/ n look = an infallible recipe 9 ?is matt]4 ,he _c expect to /ir up int]e/ 9 ! pupils by any prescrib$ =mula1 by a rigid sy/em ( h&l+ ! text4 ,a s*eme ( sugge/ions may be drawn up1 topics = discussion or obs]vation may be arrang$4 ,su* devices are helpful1 b !y %\ld n become /]eotyp$1 because !y dead5 :5 !y are h>d & fa/4 ,x is a m>k ( a cry/al to settle into /raight l9es at fix$ angles2 x is *>act]i/ic ( organisms to be yield+ & pliable 9 _! outl9es1 :ile !y reta9 _! life4 ,! mean+ is ! life ( ! text1 ! mean+ z x 0 9 ! au?or's m9d1 ) all ! associations t x _h = him4 ,let ! mean+ be ! guide1 & ! explanation w n be dead4 ,let ! tea*] use sy/ems & h9ts & topics & all o!r devices z helps to arrive at ! s5se & mean+1 n z inflexible molds into :i* he mu/ always p\r 8 comm5t>y4 ,a *emi/ may h weigh$ & label$ all ! con/itu5t elem5ts ( a liv+ cell1 & he may ev5 succe$ 9 m+l+ !m 9 su* a way z to h all ^! elem5ts 9 ! v places !y are 9 life1 b 8 mixture w n h ! pr9ciple ( life1 t wond]ful1 unanalyzable bond t unites into "o organism1 p]meates & vivifies ! sep>ate atoms & molecules4 ,because 8 analysis is complete & p]fect1 x does n foll[ t 8 syn!sis w be complete & p]fect4 ,nei!r may a tea*] expect to get ! syn!sis ( a vital1 int]e/+ comm5t>y f ! detail$ =mula ( ! lit]>y laboratory4 ,he mu/ h 8 f+] on ! pulse2 he mu/ h seiz$ ! beat+1 w>m he>t2 he mu/ h grasp$ ! p]meat+1 vivify+ s\l ( 8 au?or1 if he w\ld make 8 comm5t>y liv+1 & !re is no o!r way to ! he>t blood ( an au?or1 except by lov+1 en?usia/ic m$itation ( 8 full mean+4 ,i rememb] ! fir/ "t 9 class t ,hom] ceas$ to be = me an example factory = gramm> or a %op = ,grecian antiquities4 ,we _h be5 translat+ ,hom] & p>s+ ,hom]2 we n[ began to read him4 ,! *ange 0 z easy z x 0 pleasant4 ,! tea*] simply w5t back beh9d ! diction>y & ! gramm>1 beh9d ! cases & ! t5ses1 to ! au?or's mean+4 ,he made u see ! old prie/ ( ,apollo walk+ along ! sea%ore4 ,he made u realize ! fact t he 0 com+ to speak = 8 daught]4 ,our att5tion 0 call$ to ! complet5ess & appropriat5ess ( 8 little spee*4 ,9 a ^w1 we began to move 9 ! poet's _w4 ,we _h us$ ! gramm> & diction>y to get !re1 b :5 we rea*$ our de/9ation1 we alight$ f ! tra94 ,we 7 b\nd = ! l& ( ,hom]1 n = t ( ,goodw9 or ,liddell ,scott1 & ! soon] we left our du/y1 noisy c>s1 ! bett] = u4 ,our pr(essor knew ! translation & knew ! gramm>1 b he _h left !m beh9d him4 ,he 0 on high] levels1 & he ?rew away 8 m\nta9 /aff & 8 guide rope4 ,we 7 ) him !re1 & we ent]$ into 8 en?usiasm = ! broad view be=e u4 ,hom] _h be5 = u a v5]able mausoleum ( well-pres]v$ & dignifi$1 b v dead mummies4 ,8 en?usiasm let ! life & light into t anci5t tomb1 & ! mummies took (f _! wraps & liv$ & mov$4 ,f t day ( resurrection until ! pres5t1 ,hom] has liv$ = me2 f t "t ,i h he>d ! ,hom]ic he>t beat & felt ! ,hom]ic pulse ?rob4 ,nor ne$ ! tea*] :o foll[s ^! me?ods h fe> t he is go+ wrong1 or t he is neglect+ ! prop] education ( 8 pupils4 ,he is a*iev+1 too1 concrete results1 an a*ievem5t t mu/ n be consid]$ ! monopoly ( sci5ce4 ,sci5ce may n supplant lit]ature 9 ! s*ool-room4 ,x w\ld be a sad day = bo? if ev] x did4 ,z reg>ds obs]vation & induction1 x has n be5 our wi% to prote/ aga9/ ! use ( ^! me?ods1 b r aga9/ ! limit+ ( _! scope4 ,to obs]ve gramm> only or ar*eology or philology & neglect ! au?or's mean+ is z ridicul\s z to obs]ve ! pa9t & n ! picture1 to put a microscope to ! m>ble & n notice ! /atue4 ,we d n want less developm5t1 r we want m4 ,develop ! p[]s ( obs]vation1 b d n ?9k t ! only p[]s are ! s5ses4 ,! _w ( imag9ation & ! _w ( ?\ght (f] wid] fields = obs]vation ?an ! _w ( ext]nal s5se4 ,! horizon ( ! m9d is n re/rict$ to ! sky l9e t n>r[s ! vision ( ! eye4 ,if y tra9 ! p[]s ( obs]vation 9 ! laboratory by ask+ ! pupil to see1 to t\*1 to ta/e1 to smell1 tra9 !m1 too1 9 ! classroom1 by ask+ !m to li/5 to ! h>mony ( a s5t5ce1 to trace out ! developm5t ( a ?\ght1 to appreciate ! wit1 ! beauty1 ! sublimity ( a passage4 ,!re 0 obs]vation & tra9+ ( ! p[]s ( obs]vation be=e ! te/ tube 0 bl[n or ! dynamo 0 w\nd4 ,sci5ce has op5$ up new & wond]ful worlds1 n "o ( :i* w\ld we see clos$2 b ! l&s ( lit]ature h n ceas$ = t reason to be invit+1 & ! s\l1 we>i$ ) facts & hamp]$ ) figures1 gladly escapes into ! re/ful regions ( high] & ampl] realities4 ,! cross+ ( ! bord]s ( m]e expression1 ! liv+ & mov+ 9 ! realms ( mean+1 ! appreciative foll[+ ( an au?or's m9d 9 all j\rney+s1 may n develop gramm>ians or philologi/s or e?nologi/s or ar*eologi/s4 ,p]haps x is n ! life-"w ( classical lit]ature to /ock ! m>ket ) su* commodities4 ,! /ud5t :o travels ) a ma/]-m9d ?r\gh ! l& ( ?\ght1 n[ captivat$ ) a view j "u 8 eyes1 aga9 cat*+ a glimpse ( "s f>-(f sc5e1 all ! m glori\s 9 promise1 because x lacks def9it5ess ( detail1 su* a "o may turn out to be m ( a t\ri/ ?an a local antiqu>ian & may suff] "s inconv5i5ces 9 consequ5ce4 ,he w be set "r by ! local antiqu>ian on names & dates connect$ ) "s obscure t[n1 b 9 turn he w convey to 8 le>n$ fri5d "s ideas on ! relative importance ( localities & on ! topography ( ! :ole c\ntry4 ,! t\ri/ w n be prov9cial or municipal or suburban4 ,he w n mi/ake 8 native hamlet = ! _w or make x ! sole /&>d ( excell5ce4 ,! t\ri/ w give y a map2 ! local antiqu>ian w draw up a surveyor's *>t1 ) ! numb] ( in*es to ! grade & ! numb] ( feet to ! surface4 ,%\ld n ! tea*] ( lit]ature consid] x 8 duty to enc\rage ! t\ri/1 to introduce ! /ud5t into ! _w ( mean+1 & n to keep him ) !odolite & ! level+-rod along ! bord]s ( expression1 c\nt+ words1 measur+ phrases1 or draw+ up lifeless *>ts ( tabulat$ facts8 ,:5 ! /ud5t has come home f 8 travels1 he may1 if he *ooses1 lay aside 8 guide book1 &1 hav+ se5 ! _w1 conf9e 8 en]gies to ma/]+ a portion ( x4 ,if1 h[ev]1 he %\ld h br\ght home f 8 w&]+s no?+ m ?an a love ( lit]ature & all t means1 w 8 tea*]'s life h be5 9 va98 ,john ,g\ld+ ( ,cork might be consid]$ n entirely useless1 if he gave u no m ?an ,ju/9 ,mc,carthy1 :o ?us describes ! results ( 8 ma/]'s "w3 8,i d n v5ture to say t ,mr4 ,g\ld+'s me?od ( tea*+ 0 directly adapt$ to create a ?or\ghly s*ola/ic k ( ,greek & ,lat91 & ,i d n "k :e!r 8 pupils w\ld h be5 likely by means ( 8 in/ruction alone to take honors 9 any univ]sity competition1 b ,i "k t x made all ( u1 :o _h a ta/e = su*1 ready & flu5t read]s 9 ,greek & ,lat9 & z famili> ) mo/ ( ! ,greek & ,lat9 poets z ) ,%akespe>e & ,keats4 ,x 0 9 tru? lit]>y r ?an s*ola/ic in/ruction40 ,,xii ,,educat+ ,,! ,,emotions ,life is full to ! brim ) emotions4 ,n w> only nor political rallies nor ! excit$ ?rongs at sports are vibrant ) emotion1 b !re is n a s+le act ( life :i* has n "s emotion1 quiet or int5se1 z its s\rce1 its companion & its effect4 ,man ought to be rul$ by cold reason1 b he responds to feel+s & succumbs to feel+s4 ,today m ?an ev] 9 ! hi/ory ( ! _w is emotionalism rampant4 ,civilization has made mank9d a cr[d4 ,we t\* elb[s ) ! _w4 ,! ,egyptian h]mit has n[ 8! privacy ( a goldfi% 9 a glass b[l40 ,an individual by himself may inde$ delib]ate & philosophize1 b a cr[d feels & acts4 ,z soon z x /ops *e]+1 x beg9s to dis9tegrate into ?9k+ individuals1 :o creep sil5tly back to ! h]mitage ( home4 ,! w>1 ) its drives ( all k9ds1 ! elections1 ! a?letic conte/s1 h made u famili> ) ! nature ( a cr[d4 ,! mob is a high-pressure cr[d1 & ! feel+s :i* burn 9 ! cr[d explode viol5tly 9 a mob4 ,civilization has br\ght mank9d into ! clos5ess ( a cr[d1 b n yet to ! explosive confusion ( a mob4 ,w> taught u too ! great value ( morale4 ,:at is morale8 ,:at is t light 9 ! sky1 t solid gr\nd "u foot1 t w+$ buoyancy ( ! he>t8 ,morale might be describ$ z organiz$ emotion4 ,a cr[d is fickle because x feels in/ead ( reasons4 ,morale is ! c\nt]-=ce to fickl5ess4 ,emotions are awak5$1 are focus$ on a giv5 po9t1 are /abiliz$1 & ! result is morale4 ,c\rage h>d5s to pluck1 duty flames into devotion & brav]y is transfigur$ into h]oism4 ,life !re=e is flood$ ) emotion1 all ! way f e action ( ! individual up to ! responsive cr[d1 yield+ to panic1 explod+ into viol5ce or /eadi$ by morale4 ,:at !n is education do+ = ! emotions8 ,:e!r education be consid]$ a developm5t ( ! individual capacities1 or an adju/m5t ( man to ! community1 education %\ld n neglect ! emotions4 ,! controll+ t5d5cies1 h[ev]1 ( ! mod]n s*ool w\ld seem to ignore or belittle emotions4 ,mod]n s*ools pride !mselves on be+ practical & sci5tific4 ,!y h become m imm]s$ 9 matt] ?an 9 man4 ,!y are mat]iali/ic 9 ! wide s5se1 or naturali/ic1 b !y are less & less humani/ic4 ,?ree great fields lie be=e ! _s ( man1 ! field ( tru?1 ! field ( beauty & ! field ( good4 ,no travel] c rea* beauty & good except ?r\gh tru?1 b education seems to ?9k its "w is done if x travels ! regions ( tru? & ignores ! regions ( beauty & good4 ,all education =m]ly c\ld be divid$ into two /ages1 ! e>li] ( prep>ation1 ! lat] ( application4 ,! individual 0 taught to speak & write & 0 equipp$ ) ! g5]al in=mation necess>y to all4 ,he :o 0 able to speak & write 0 able to express himself1 & self-expression1 :i* argu$ t man's p[]s 7 work+ normally1 0 ! satisfactory goal 9 ! fir/ /age ( education4 ,aft] ! developm5t ( ! individual came 8 application to ! /udy ( 8 life-"w 9 pr(essional s*ools & univ]sities4 ,9 ! =m] ( ^! two /ages1 z self-expression 0 ! end1 language 0 ! *ief & almo/ exclusive means4 ,sci5ces 7 relegat$ to ! univ]sity & in=mational subjects 7 left /rictly subord9at$1 & ! :ole c\rse 0 pr$om9ately humani/ic4 ,mod]n education has pr(\ndly *ang$ ?is simple arrangem5t4 ,! univ]sity me?od ( education & electivism & specialization h be5 advanc$ to college1 to high s*ool & to grade s*ool4 ,_m natural sci5ces h be5 sy/ematiz$ & br\ght into e>ly classes4 ,! univ]sity *emi/ry & physics ( fifty ye>s ago are n[ 9 ! grades4 ,besides pr(essional c\rses1 pre-m$ical1 pre-law1 pre-div9ity1 pre-eng9e]+1 pre-j\rnalism1 & 9 g5]al pre-pr(essional /udies are 9 our s*ools or at ! doors4 ,! trades are n beh9d ! pr(essions4 ,! million trades :i* conc]n !mselves ) ! production ( raw mat]ial or ) ! manufacture ( raw mat]ial into f9i%$ products or ) ! di/ribution ( f9i%$ products1 all ^! are knock+ at ! door or look+ 9 ! w9d[ ( our s*ool4 ,nor is t all4 ,z ! pr(essions want pre-pr(essional & ! trades pre-trade c\rses1 s ! /ate dem&s pre-citiz5 c\rses 9 civic & hygi5ics & milit>y tactics1 & ! home exacts pre-family c\rses 9 eug5ics & _m dome/ic sci5ces4 ,d n close y\r curriculum li/ yet4 ,! pr(ession1 ! trade1 ! home1 ! /ate are n all1 & to leave out religion1 :i* calls = pre-religi\s c\rses 9 private s*ools1 we h ! :ole field ( sport & play 9 pre-danc+1 pre-ball-play+1 & at la/ pre-movies4 ,to make ! conque/ ( ! practical complete1 x is s]i\sly advocat$ by a special committee ( ! ,n4 ,e4 ,a4 t ?is bewild]+ multiplicity ( sci5ces1 pr(essions1 trades1 civic1 dome/ic & amusem5t c\rses %\ld be begun at ! junior high s*ool or sev5? grade4 ,!re is ! contra/4 ,life is emotional4 ,! e>ly s*ools t us$ to be devot$ *iefly to writ+ & speak+1 are n[ cr[d$ ) a multiplicity ( fact subjects1 & ev5 language & lit]ature1 ! mo/ humani/ic & emotional subjects ( our c\rses1 are taught !oretically by univ]sity & sci5tific me?ods4 ,9 ! ,jesuit ,ratio ,/udiorum1 :i* did n diff] ess5tially f o!r sy/ems1 f\r ye>s ( ! l[] s*ools 7 giv5 to correct expression ( ! tru?1 "o ye> to ! elem5t ( int]e/1 or beauty1 9 expression1 & "o :ole ye> to ! elem5t ( =ce1 or good1 9 expression4 ,^! two latt] classes 7 call$ humanities & rhetoric & correspond to ! pres5t fre%man & sophomore classes 9 ,jesuit colleges4 ,! reason :y a :ole ye> 0 giv5 to ! elem5ts ( int]e/ & =ce 9 self-expression is f\nd 9 ! tw(old nature ( emotions4 ,"o set ( emotions arises f ! appreh5sion ( good or avoidance ( evil4 ,ano!r set arises f ! p]ception ( ! novel1 humor\s & beautiful4 ,^! latt] compreh5d ! emotions ( surprise1 wond]1 delight1 awe1 9 g5]al1 ! e/hetic emotions4 ,! o!r emotions1 call$ appetitive1 include love & hate1 ) desire & fe>1 joy & sadness1 pity & ang] & _m o!rs4 ,=tunately = ! tea*] ! tea*+ ( emotions is some:at simplifi$ by ! fact t bo? k9ds ( emotions respond1 n to ab/ract tru? b to tru? 9 ! concrete & concrete tru? takes on beauty or good & awak5s emotions ?r\gh ! imag9ations ( tea*] & /ud5t4 ,tea*]s :o !mselves imag9e w awak5 emotions & educate emotions by ex]cis+ !m4 ,tea*]s :o imag9e w make pupils imag9e by mak+ !m translate all tru? f ! ab/ract to ! concrete4 ,! p]petual "q on ! lips ( ! tea*]1 8,= in/ance80 w embody tru? 9 ! concrete1 ex]cise /ud5ts 9 imag9ation & make tru? emotional & abid+4 ,int]e/+ & en?usia/ic tea*]s are always tra9+ emotions4 ,emotion is n imp>t$ by in/ruction2 x is k9dl$ by contact4 ,tea*]s :o h _! subjects transf]r$ f dead books to _! w>m1 liv+ imag9ations1 w be int]e/+1 w be mov+4 ,!y w excite surprise & wond] by novelty & beauty ( pres5tation4 ,!y w make _! classes exp& ) love or %r9k 9 horror at ! pictures ( good or evil4 ,aft] imag9ation & actual feel+ on ! "p ( bo? /ud5t & tea*]1 ! next be/ means ( educat+ emotions is ! /imulat+ ( action1 especially 9 ! way ( orig9al self-expression ?r\gh ! writt5 & spok5 ^w4 ,"o ( ! happy t5d5cies ( our mod]n education is ! re/or+ ( oral expression to its =m] high place4 ,^! means j m5tion$ w be helpful 9 any subject ( ! curriculum1 b ! pr9cipal in/rum5t 9 ! s*ools = tra9+ ! emotions w be lit]ature4 ,lit]ature is ! embodim5t ( human emotions1 9 /ory1 9 essay1 poem1 & spee*4 ,! s*ools mu/ hold on to ! tea*+ ( lit]ature4 ,!y mu/ make a /& aga9/ ! imp]ialism ( facts & s-call$ practical subjects4 ,! s*ools mu/ nev] =get t x is at lea/ j z practical to h a he>t 9 life z to h a head4 ,a mod]n ,fr5* s*ol> has said3 8,humanities & lett]s are man himself1 to remove !m f education1 x w\ld be necess>y to comm5ce by tak+ man f man40 ,in/ruction 9 trades is a knack1 n an education ( man4 ,a savage c le>n to run an automobile1 & !re are _m today runn+ automobiles1 b a savage does n enjoy lit]ature or produce lit]ature4 ,sci5ce has its c5t] outside ( man1 x is imp]sonal & unemotional4 ,lit]ature is human1 is p]sonal1 x appeals to ! he>t :i* mu/ n be />v$ :ile ! head is /uff$4 ,b ev5 :5 ! tea*]s ( lit]ature h ! works ( man 9 _! h&s1 !y mu/ n rob !m ( all emotions by mak+ _! tea*+ ( !m hi/orical only1 or analytical only or !oretical only1 l[]+ ,macbe? to a footnote 9 ,scotti% hi/ory or to an argum5t = ! !ory ( ! romantic movem5t or to a diss]tation on ! psy*ology ( temptation4 ,lit]ature mu/ be taught z lit]ature1 n z hi/ory1 n z e?ics4 ,lit]ature %\ld be taught z an art1 n z a sci5ce4 ,! tea*] %\ld keep self-expression 9 view4 ,! tea*] w consid] ! "w ( lit]ature z ! expression ( a man4 ,be=e ! class ! ma/]piece ( lit]ature w gr[ & cry/allize into unity4 ,! /ud5ts w wat* its creation2 !y w reflect ! light f ! eyes ( an en?usia/ic tea*]2 !y w grasp ! tru? vividly & emotionally2 !y w be ?rill$ ) ! tru? t has tak5 %ape 9 _! tea*]'s imag9ation1 t has be5 dramatiz$ be=e !m 9 sugge/ive detail1 t w tea* ! /ud5ts !mselves h[ to ?9k1 h[ to imag9e1 h[ to f9d = ! embodi$ tru? a local habitation & a "n1 h[ to express !mselves 9 words :i* fasc9ate & inflame4 ,s w ! emotions by _! ex]cise be develop$ & by _! expression be controll$4 ,! _w ( ! classroom is a little _w & its t9y emotions are z dew-drops to a deluge1 b = ! "y he>ts 9 s*ool ! _w ( ! classroom is a gigantic _w & its slight emotions are adequate to tea* beg9n]s4 ,= a dew drop may be a deluge = a violet & its v food & life4 ,,xiii ,,keep ,,! ,,classics ,,b ,,tea* ,,!m ,?is is n ! "t to drop ,lat9 or ,greek op5ly or "u ! subt]fuge ( optional electives4 ,colleges ev]y:]e are cr[d$4 ,build+s are too small = ! /ud5ts2 classes are too l>ge = ! pr(essors4 ,n[ is ! "t to impose /rict] conditions r ?an to op5 wid] ! doors to colleges1 & n[ is ! prop] "t to re/ore ! classical languages1 & especially ,greek1 if n to favor1 because k make? a bloody entrance1 & its weapons are res5t$1 at lea/ to respectable tol]ation1 by tea*+ !m 9 ! "r way4 ,d n empty ! baby ) ! ba?1 b d draw (f ! /agnant wat]s & let ! bright %[]s sp>kle & s+ & refre%4 ,don't ?r[ out ,greek1 b d tea* ,greek z lit]ature1 z ! art ( self-expression1 z a practical & p]man5t possession ( ! /ud5t ?r\gh appreciation & ?r\gh composition 9 8 own language4 ,greek au?ors us$ to be put 9 ! /ud5ts' h&s ) a ,lat9 p>aphrase4 ,9 ,jesuit s*ools ! explanation ( ! au?or includ$ a translation :i* might be dictat$ to ! class4 ,?is 0 done because 9 ,lat91 & especially 9 ,greek1 :i* 0 n ! language to be us$ 9 life1 ! prop] & real "w began aft] ! int]pretation 0 kn[n4 ,t prop] "w 0 arti/ic appreciation & arti/ic reproduction 9 "o's own language1 =m]ly ,lat9 & n[ v>i\s languages4 ,r ?an ca/ out ,greek1 furni% ! /ud5ts ) ,loeb or ,jebb or ,murray or ,lang1 %ort5 grammatical drill1 & !n c5t] att5tion on ! appreciation & ! reproduction ( ! f9e/ lit]>y art ( all ages1 exact+ compositions writt5 & spok5 9 ! /ud5t's own language4 ,?is is n a revolution>y proposal1 ! sy/em n[ preval5t is revolution>y2 b x is a proposal to relegate to ! univ]sity ! specialism & sci5tific h&l+ ( lit]ature1 & an e>ne/ plea to reta9 or re/ore to ! classics1 especially ,greek1 _! age-old me?od1 prop] to ! g5]al tra9+ ( academy & ( college & pr(itable to e /ud5t if ! art ( speak+ & writ+ is ( lifelong utility4 ,! tea*+ ( lit]ature has a h&icap :i* is n f\nd 9 ! tea*+ ( o!r arts4 ,a pa9t] mu/ "k "s practical facts ab\t prep>+ & apply+ pa9ts1 b he ne$ n "k ! :ole *emi/ry ( pigm5ts or ! physics ( colors4 ,! sculptor mu/ *oose ! "r k9d ( m>ble1 b he does n take a c\rse 9 geology4 ,9 all arts except lit]ature ! contact ) ! arti/'s "w is almo/ imm$iate4 ,b 9 lit]ature a language mu/ be ma/]$1 & 9 ma/]+ t language a ?\s& sci5ces h obtrud$ !mselves betwe5 ! /ud5t & ! ma/]piece4 ,gu/av ,fo* ( ,leipsic publi%$ "s ye>s ago a catalog ( diss]tations pr9t$ 9 ,g]many dur+ ! latt] "p ( ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,! catalog1 :i* 0 by no means complete1 conta9+ only ! items he 0 prep>$ to furni%1 li/$ #bg1jjj titles4 ,?is =midable numb] conc]n$ itself entirely ) ! ,greek & ,roman writ]s & embodi$ special /udies on ! hi/ory1 ! evolution1 ! text1 ! erudition ( classical lit]ature4 ,practically no?+ ( ?is imm5se flood ( special diss]tations t\*$ on ! art ( lit]ature4 ,n[1 if all ?is trem5d\s erudition 7 left to ! univ]sity1 :]e x prop]ly belongs1 n mu* h>m w\ld be done2 b unhappily ! /udy ( lit]ature z a sci5ce has almo/ completely exclud$ its /udy z an art4 ,! small s*ool ( ,diss51 ,rehdantz & ,blass1 :o repres5t$ 9 ,g]many ! arti/ic appreciation ( ,greek lit]ature1 0 subm]g$ by ! imm5sely great] numb] ( sci5tific inve/igators4 ,! classical poets1 ) ! exception ( ,hom]1 f>$ bett] ?an ! prose au?ors2 b all lit]ature1 in/ead ( be+ a help to ! art ( composition1 0 subord9at$ to e/abli%+ a !ory or to exemplify+ a g5]alization4 ,france resi/$ almo/ entirely ?is sci5tific obsession ( lit]ature4 ,engl& held out long4 ,9 bo? ( ^! nations composition 9 ! classical languages 0 a fix$ feature ( ! s*ools4 ,victorian lit]ature is /eep$ 9 ! classics1 especially ( ,greece2 ! gold5 age ( ,engl&'s eloqu5ce1 ! age ( ,*a?am1 ,fox & ,burke1 prec$$ ! sci5tific era ( classicism & 0 ! product ( arti/ic appreciation & ( composition4 ,:at ( ,am]ica8 ,! e>li] s*ools foll[$ ,fr5* & ,engli% traditions & taught ! classics ) lit]>y appreciation & ) fruitful results = ! lit]ature ( ,am]ica4 ,!n lat] ,am]ica s5t its pr(essors to ,g]many2 specialism & ! dep>tm5tal sy/em sep>at$ lit]ature entirely f ! classics2 composition ceas$ except z a means ( le>n+ gramm>1 ?us e/abli%+ a complete rev]sal ( ! orig9al practice1 :]e gramm> 0 a means to composition4 ,x w\ld be untrue to say t all ! erudition1 discov]$ & sy/ematiz$ by num]\s sci5ces & c5t]+ ^u ! classics1 0 useless or unpr(itable4 ,ev5 ! imm5se libr>y :i* ! ,wolfian !ory ( ,hom]ic orig9s br\ght into exi/5ce has n be5 entirely 9 va94 ,g]many ( ! n9ete5? c5tury 0 ! ,alex&ria ( ! mod]n _w1 & z ,alex&rian criticism 0 ! =]unn] ( ! be/ 9 ,lat9 lit]ature1 p]haps ! imm5se activity ( sci5tific inve/igators may h an arti/ic outcome4 ,a selection ( :at is good & true1 & a cle>1 concise pres5tation ( well-e/abli%$ facts1 su* z ,pre ,laur& gives 9 8 excell5t s]ies1 ,manuels des ,etudes ,grecques et ,lat9es 7,pic>d1 ,p>is71 w help ! /udy ( ! classics4 ,erudition %\ld take n[ its prop] place ( subord9ation4 ,! classics %\ld resume ! functions :i* hi/ory1 evolution1 orig9s & o!r sci5tific approa*es h tak5 away2 ! classics %\ld once m be /udi$ prim>ily z works ( art4 ,! m$ium & mat]ials d n dom9ate o!r arts2 !y %\ld n dom9ate lit]ature4 ,self-expression is ! goal ( all art2 x %\ld be ! goal ( lit]ature4 ,h ! tea*]s ( ! classics lo/ fai?8 ,is arti/ic appreciation an idle ?+ or is x a ?+ ( beauty1 a joy =ev]8 ,! exp]im5tal sci5ces are always *ang+ 9 facts & !ories4 ,! *emi/ry ( a c5tury ago is absurd2 ! *emi/ry ( tw5ty-five ye>s ago is antiquat$2 ! *emi/ry ( today w be old tomorr[4 ,z ,rems5 long ago saw & insi/$ on1 :at is valuable 9 ! tea*+ ( *emi/ry are ! processes1 n ! !ories1 :i* w likely *ange tomorr[4 ,*emi/ry1 z a sci5ce1 is a bit ( classifi$ in=mation always modifi$ by rese>*4 ,art & arti/ic appreciation is a ?+ ( beauty & a joy =ev]4 ,give a man appreciation ( lit]ature2 let him ta/e ! beauty ( ,hom] & ( ,sophocles & ( ,demo/h5es1 & y h giv5 him1 n a catalog ( facts :i* mu/ always be rectifi$1 n a !ory :i* mu/ *ange ) ! facts1 b a preci\s treasure 9 ! m9d :i* w always rema94 ,9 tea*+ *emi/ry ! processes are m important ?an ! tempor>y in=mation2 9 ! tea*+ ( lit]ature ! processes are at lea/ equally valuable1 & besides la/ ?r\gh life 9 abid+ ta/e & 9 p]fect$ self-expression4 ,=m]ly reproduction 0 ! aim ( ! tea*] ( ! classics4 8,reproduction is ! s\l ( ! explanation or prelection10 is ! way e>ly ,jesuit p$agogy put x1 & e /ud5t ( philosophy kn[s :at ! s\l or =mal cause contributes to ! effect4 ,h[ _m 9 expla9+ classical lit]ature today guide !mselves ?r\gh\t by ! pr9ciple t _! /ud5ts are to reproduce arti/ically ! ma/]piece :i* !y expla98 ,no d\bt pr(essors insi/ ^u ! =mation ( cle> ideas & fur!r dem& explicit judgm5ts 9 ! way ( propositions4 ,mo/ too require t ! l9ks ( reason+ be %>ply & def9itely /at$4 ,int]pretation1 9 a ^w1 is well done4 ,! intellectual elem5t ( ! ma/]piece is h&l$ satisfactorily4 ,b :at ( ! arti/ic =m8 ,does ! lit]ature take %ape 9 ! /ud5t's imag9ation8 ,is ! picture realiz$ 9 ! tea*]'s imag9ation & !n by sugge/ion1 ?r\gh ! sp>kl+ eye & sympa!tic voice & int]pret+ ge/ure1 by vivid1 ?\gh n hi/rionic1 dramatization1 is ! au?or's message /ag$ 9 ! /ud5t's imag9ation8 ,sci5tific analysis1 especially :]e a text becomes a tag to "s le>n$ g5]alization1 (t5 prev5ts imag9ative realization & ?us precludes arti/ic appreciation ( lit]ature4 ,! tea*+ ( ! classics has be5 & is n[ ju/ifi$ by ! g5]al tra9+ !y imp>t1 b x is *iefly :5 taught z lit]ature t !y imp>t t g5]al tra9+4 ,if ! classics are subord9at$ to ! univ]sity lectur]'s specialty1 !n ! classics are imp>t+ little g5]al tra9+ & h h>dly m "r 9 ! classroom1 except = indirect results :i* may accrue f contact ) art1 ?an h special c\rses 9 con*ology or entomology4 ,let ! tea*] look ^u ! classics z art to be reproduc$ aft] be+ appreciat$1 & a g5]al tra9+ w be ! outcome4 ,composition %\ld be made ! aim ( lit]ature4 ,idioms ( languages1 & _! vocabul>y & _! /ructure diff]1 b ?\ght & imag9ation may be ! same4 ,set all ! languages ( ! _w be=e a mov+-picture1 & ea* language w tell ! common /ory on ! scre5 to its *ildr5 9 its own way ( speak+4 ,s ! /ud5t ( any language may le>n f ,hom] h[ to select details & gr\p !m into arti/ic :oles1 h[ to c>ry on ! n>rative ?r\gh significant & *oice ev5ts1 h[ to dwell on ! important & t\* lightly on ! insignificant1 h[ to relieve a /ory & int5sify a "p ( x by appropriate comp>isons4 ,z ! /ud5t le>ns h[ to tell a /ory1 s too may he ma/] ! art ( describ+ a sc5e1 ( creat+ a "*1 ( mak+ a spee*4 ,he w be taught ! way to focus an idea & give x discrim9at+ expression by ! "r ^w1 ! way to embody good or evil 9 concrete & picturesque words & ! way to be pr(ici5t 9 all ! elem5ts & processes ( composition4 ,! ,greek ,hom] made ! ,lat9 neid1 ! ,greek ,!ocritus made ! ,lat9 ,eclogue &1 if ,/$man is "r1 also ! ,t5nysonian ,idyll4 ,! lit]>y art ( ,greek & ,lat9 has giv5 & w give arti/ic =m to ! /ud5t's v]nacul>4 ,! classics w give a g5]al tra9+ if !y are made to d s4 ,lit]ature w n imp>t a g5]al tra9+ automatically4 ,art is a habit aris+ f a repetition ( acts4 ,! art ( ?9k+ is ma/]$ by ?9k+1 & ! art ( imag9+ by imag9+1 & t ?9k+ & imag9+ w be done well if done "u ! guidance ( ma/]s4 ,has ! lit]>y art ( ,greece1 :i* creat$ ,lat9 lit]ature & directly & indirectly %ap$ ! lit]ature ( all civilization1 done its full "w8 ,:o c believe x8 ,e g5]ation s9ce ,hom] has be5 influ5c$ by ! art ( ,hom] 9 translation & imitation1 & no g5]ations m s ?an ^? ( ,c[p] & ,morris & ,lang 9 ,engl& & ( ,bryant & ,palm] 9 ,am]ica4 ,! "t may come :5 lit]>y ta/e & lit]>y art w be z well /udi$ & demon/rat$ 9 mod]n languages z 9 ^? ( ,lat9 & ,greek2 ! "t may come :5 mod]n classics may be z well adapt$ = education z ! classics ( ,greek & ,rome :i* h be5 9 ! classroom = c5tury ^u c5tury1 b t "t does n appe> to be tomorr[ or ! day aft]4 ,if ! art ( self-expression is ! be/ te/ ( education1 if ! art ( self-expression is ! mo/ practical ?+ 9 life & ! mo/ p]man5t treasure t c be ga9$ 9 s*ool1 !n ,greek lit]ature1 ! f9e/ ma/]piece ( self-expression1 %\ld rema91 & ,greek lit]ature %\ld be taught1 z = c5turies x 0 taught1 ) int]pretation & translation furni%$ to ! /ud5t1 leav+ ! "t ( tra9+ to be devot$ n to special sci5ces prop] to ! univ]sity1 b to ! g5]al tra9+ 9 appreciation & expression1 prop] to academy & college4 ,,xiv ,,! ,,vitaliz] ,,( ,,! ,,_w ,?is title is n an adv]tisem5t = a pat5t m$ic9e2 x is ! brief /atem5t ( an important hi/orical fact4 8,e s*oolboy kn[s0 t ! revival ( le>n+ 9 ,italy came f ! vitaliz+ t\* ( ,greek4 ,out ( t r5aissance1 :i* ! ,jesuits took ov] & embodi$ 9 _! sy/em ( tea*+1 grew mod]n s*ol>%ip 9 ,engl& ?r\gh ,l9acre1 ,lilly1 ,colet & ,m1 ! =]unn]s ( ! ,elizabe?ans4 ,x 0 ! beg9n+ ( mod]n s*ol>%ip 9 ,g]many1 ?r\gh ,erasmus1 ! fri5d ( ^! ,engli%m51 & ?r\gh ,melan*?on1 ^: "n1 l t ( ,erasmus1 m>ks ! p[] ( ,greek3 out ( t r5aissance sprang ! rejuv5at$ civilization ( our day4 ,e s*oolboy kn[s t ,greek br\ght ! mod]n _w to life1 b is x z well kn[n or rememb]$ t ,greek has always be5 vivify+ ev]y?+ x t\*$8 ,! civilization ( ,rome 9 e "p felt ! influ5ce ( ,greece4 ,rome conqu]$ ! _w by =ce ( arms1 b itself 0 humaniz$ & !n humaniz$ ! _w ?r\gh ,greece4 ,e mod]n language today feels ! =ce ( ,isocrates & ,demo/h5es ?r\gh ,cic]o1 & ( ,alcu & ,sappho ?r\gh ,horace1 & ( ,greek trag$y ?r\gh ,s5eca & ( ,hom] ?r\gh ,virgil4 ,:5 lat] ! b>b>ians ( ! nor? sev]$ ,rome f ,greece & ! ,roman ,empire & its civilization lay dead1 :o br\ght ! _w to life aga98 8,:5 ! accurate k ( ,lat9 0 decl9+ 9 ,gaul1 ev5 ,greek 0 n unkn[n 9 ,irel&40#b ,x 0 ! ,iri% monks :o fre%5$ into flame ! black5+ emb]s ( ,european civilization & began its re/oration4 ,! revival 0 br\ght ab\t ?r\gh ! s*ools ( ,bobbio & ,/4 ,gall1 mo/ly inde$ z ! scatt]$ books ( _! libr>ies %[1 by means ( ,lat9 lit]ature b always ) ! help ( ,greek1 z ! same libr>ies te/ify4 ,t 0 an e>li] r5aissance 9 ,italy & ,switz]l&4 ,& :o 0 ! lead+ figure 9 ! revival 9 ,spa9 ab\t ! same "t8 ,x 0 ! ,greek s*ol>s1 ,isidore ( ,seville &1 a little e>li]1 ,hosius ( ,cordova1 &1 a little lat]1 ,john ( ,g]ona4 ,!n ,france began to grope out ( b>b>ism "u ! lead]%ip ( ,*>lemagne1 resum+ close relations ) ,greece & import+ ! ,iri% monks1 ,clem5t & ,dungal1 & ! ,engli% monk1 ,alcu94 ,b x 0 "u ,*>lemagne's successor1 ,*>les ! ,bald1 t ?is new r5aissance took on a fre% en]gy :i* did n sp5d itself be=e ! decl9e ( s*ola/icism4 ,john ,scotus1 ,john ! ,iri%man1 :o /yl$ himself 9 8 translation ( ,dionysius f ! ,greek by ! title ( ,er9-born1 = a qu>t] ( a c5tury kept ,france intellectually alive1 & did x *iefly by 8 ,greek4 ,john1 ! ,er9-born1 0 ! =]unn] ( s*ola/ic philosophy1 :i* caught ! vital =ce ( ,greek ?r\gh ano!r *annel also4 ,:5 ,spa9 0 conqu]$ by b>b>ians & lo/ its civilization1 :]e did its ,arabian conqu]ors g = ! se$s ( ! new life8 ,! ,arabs w5t to ,greece1 gave ,ari/otle 9 translation to ,europe1 & u%]$ 9 ! gold5 age ( m$ieval philosophy4 ,rightly does ,tra9i 7#acde71 on an alt>-piece 9 ,pisa1 picture ,/4 ,?omas ,aqu9as receiv+ ! light ( k f ,*ri/ ?r\gh ! ,greek ,new ,te/am5t & f ,ari/otle on 8 "r & f ,plato on 8 left4 ,z ,aqu9as comb9$ patri/ic & s*ola/ic !ology1 he m]g$ 9 8 works ! tw(old ,greek influ5ces ( ,plato & ,ari/otle1 :o 7 ! human aids 9 ea* ( ^! !ologies4 ,pass ov] sev]al c5turies to ! "t :5 ! ,italian r5aissance _h gr[n s5ile & :5 s*ol>%ip left ,spa91 ,italy &1 to a l>ge ext5t1 ,france1 & f\nd its home 9 ! nor?4 ,^! nations lo/ t\* ) ,greek & _! s*ol>%ip di$ d[n1 :ile life mov$ nor?w>d 9 ! wake ( ,greek4 ,:5 ,f4 ,a4 ,wolf w5t to ,halle ab\t ! beg9n+ ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 he repres5t$ ! reaction aga9/ ! realism ( t day1 & 88 conflict ) ! s*ool ( useful k br\ght into cle> relief 8 ideal ( a culture f\nd$ on ,greek traditions40#c ,"t has %[n t ,wolf's !ories ( ,hom]ic au?or%ip are all wrong1 b ! /imulus he gave to s*ol>%ip la/$ all ?r\gh ! n9ete5? c5tury1 & to no o!r s+le influ5ce m ?an to ,wolf may ,g]many ascribe its und\bt$ supremacy 9 classical le>n+ dur+ ! la/ c5tury4 ,8 inspiration came f ! ,greek1 & 9 8 vitaliz+ ( ,g]many he 0 associat$ ) o!rs :o _h felt ! same inspiration & 7 already beg9n+ ! influ5ce t /ill 9 a measure p]si/s3 ,heyne 9 ! classics1 ,less+ 9 criticism & ,w9ckelmann 9 art4 ,engl&'s p>tial reawak5+ "u ,que5 ,anne saw ,b5tley1 ! ,greek s*ol>1 & 8 contempor>y1 ,pope1 translator ( ! ,iliad & ,odyssey1 & let s*ol>s say :at !y w ab\t ,pope's translation1 !y _c impugn ! f9e criticism ( 8 introductions or ! la/+ influ5ce = good ( 8 v]sions4 ,pass+ ov] ! prime ( ,engli% eloqu5ce1 ^: liv+ roots1 z ,goodri* has %[n1 are 9 ,greek lit]ature1 we come to ! fre% memories ( our own "t & to ! ,victorian era4 ,aga9 x is ,greek :i* vitalizes e bran* ( lit]ature1 philosophy & art ) new & unexpect$ tru? & life4 ,)\t ,greek ! ,victorian revival w\ld n h come ab\t4 ,9 poetry recall ,keats1 :o awoke to life ?r\gh ! reflect$ glory ( ,hom]2 recall ,c[p]1 translator ( ,hom]1 & ,byron1 :o di$ = ,greece1 & ,moore1 :o translat$ ,anacreon1 & ,l&or & ,arnold & ,t5nyson & ,br[n+1 all ( :om took sub/ance & =m & fire f ,greek s\rces4 ,9 essay-writ+ y h ,br\gham1 eloqu5t advocate ( ,greek oratory2 ,de ,qu9cey1 :o c\ld1 z 8 tutor said1 at ! age ( ?irte5 h>angue a ,greek cr[d2 ,macaulay1 :o1 ev5 9 manhood1 weeps ov] 8 ,hom] on ! /reets ( ,london4 ,9 art !re are ,rusk9 & ,morris & ,pat]1 :o are saturat$ ) ,greek ?\ght4 ,?9k ( /atesman%ip & y w recall ,"l ,d]by & ,glad/one1 political rivals1 at "o 9 _! love ( ,hom]2 ?9k ( criticism1 & ,lang1 ,sa9tsbury1 ,blackie1 ,but*] & ,jebb w say t ?r\gh ,greek !y h dom9at$ mod]n criticism2 ?9k ( hi/ory1 & ! names ( ,rawl9son & ,grote & ,hallam1 ,grecians1 w come =w>d 9 y\r m9d4 ,hi/ory6 ,:y1 y w rememb] t all anci5t hi/ory has rec5tly be5 rewritt5 ) ! spade1 & x 0 ,s*liemann "u ! spell ( ,hom] :o turn$ ! fir/ sod4 ,g ov] ! great names 9 lit]ature & art1 9 philosophy1 !ology & scripture1 9 ! sci5ces ( hi/ory1 ma!matics1 law1 gov]nm5t1 & y w f9d ,greek giv+ life & vigor4 ,ev5 9 ! new] sci5ces f\nd$ on obs]vation & exp]i5ce1 :i* h come into be+ )9 a c5tury1 :5ev] an obs]v] gets beyond ! elem5t>y /age ( rese>* & classification1 he w resort to ,greece = pr9ciples & intellectual categories j z he borr[s ! language ( ,greece ) :i* to "n 8 discov]ies4 ,hi/ory %[s t e p & e sy/em ( education & e h\se ( le>n+1 :5 x gives up ,greek1 is head$ t[>ds inf]iority & decay1 b :5 x turns ) fre% endeavor t[>d ,greek x rea*es =? to life & to light4 ,nor is all ?is surpris+ or /ra9$4 ,our civilization 0 born & grew = c5turies 9 ,greece4 ,our ,*ri/ianity 0 e>ly translat$ into ! language ( ,greece & = c5turies spoke & ?\ght *iefly 9 t tongue4 ,s !n 9 our m9ds & s\ls our y\? w ev] h be5 ,greek1 & f ,greek mu/ ev] come1 z x has come 9 ! pa/1 ! new blood t w flu% ) dynamic en]gy ! anemic art]ies ( cosmos1 ! _w1 & ( ! microcosm1 man4 ,,xv ,,true ,,pr9ciples ,,( ,,hom]ic ,,criticism ,! /ory ( ,phidias & 8 pupil1 ,alcam5es has (t5 be5 told4 ,!y compet$ = a prize 9 sculpture4 ,! /atue ( ,alcam5es 0 ab\t to be *os5 because ( its exquisite f9i% :5 ,phidias object$ to any decision until ! /atues %\ld be put 9 ! high position !y 7 design$ to occupy4 ,at once1 ! op9ions ( ! judges 7 rev]s$1 = ! app>5tly r\gh l9es ( ,phidias's creation /ood out 9 sublime maje/y1 :ile ! poli% ( ,alcam5es's 0 lo/ :5 ! /atues 7 rais$ al(t4 ,! /ory illu/rates a spl5did rule ( art :i* has (t5 be5 =gott5 9 ! /udy ( ,hom]4 ,! epics ( ,hom] 7 n made = ! te/-tube & ! microscope4 ,!y 7 n made ev5 = read]s2 !y 7 compos$ = li/5]s4 ,put !m on _! prop] p$e/als & ! m9uti reveal$ by ! gramm>ian's microscope w be lo/ 9 ! gr& sweep ( ! /ory4 ,y w\ld z soon halt ,%akespe>e's ,macbe? because ( ! ana*ronisms1 or condemn ,leon>do da ,v9ci's 8,la/ ,supp]0 because ( mod]n masonry 9 ! walls or c>p5try 9 ! table1 z apply ! philological & ar*eological te/s ( ! high] critics to ,hom]4 ,apply ! te/s ( art to ,hom] & judge him by ^?4 ,take ! matt] ( ! contradictions :i* critics h talk$ s mu* ab\t4 ,9 _m cases1 especially :]e my?ology 0 conc]n$1 ! mat]ial ! poet _h to h&le bri/l$ ) inconsi/5cies & contradictions4 ,long ago ,ari/otle laid d[n ! s5sible rule = drama1 & x is equally true = epic poetry1 t ! poet is n responsible = ! improbabilities 9 8 mat]ials4 ,! sculptor may h flaws 9 8 block ( m>ble2 ! pa9t] may h defects 9 8 lead or oil1 or pigm5ts2 & ! epic poet f\nd contradictions 9 ! fairy /ories ( mank9d :i* he wove into ! /ory he sang4 ,t "o consid]ation w sweep away in/antly heaps ( high] criticism4 ,aga91 ! arti/ is m tak5 up ) ! end ?an he is ) ! means4 ,9 ! f]vor ( 8 composition he wreaks himself ^u expression1 he burns to embody 8 ideal &1 engross$ 9 t1 he is likely to be less obs]vant ( ! mat]ial ( 8 art4 ,! a*iev+ ( ! effect is m to him ?an ma!matical accuracy 9 ! use ( ! in/rum5ts by :i* he a*ieves ! effect4 ,he makes 8 h]o w9 8 battle2 he may unhappily =get "s ( ! tactics or ev5 ! geography ( ! battlefield4 ,8 object is n to tea* ! art ( w>f>e or furni% ! topography ( ! c\ntry1 b to tell an int]e/+ /ory 9 an int]e/+ way4 ,! ,iliad has a wall t vexes _m critics4 ,x 0 built 9 ! t5? ye> ( ! w>1 :i* 0 no "t to build a wall1 & 0 put up simply because ,a*illes left ! field4 ,besides1 accord+ to ^! critics ! wall appe>s & disappe>s /rangely4 ,s ! conclusion is3 ,hom] did n build ! wall1 b "s o!r poet came along & project$ 8 masonry into ! epic4 ,9 answ] x has be5 %[n t ! wall behaves v well1 b1 :e!r x does or n1 x matt]s little4 ,! poet is n a surveyor or a /reet commission]4 ,he wi%$ to make 8 /ory int]e/+1 to make ! "* ( ,a*illes prom95t1 to br+ "s agreeable v>iety into :at might prove a monoton\s catalog ( simil> battles4 ,^? are reasons en\gh = a poet to build a ,*9ese wall or r$uce x to du/ :5 he does n want x1 or conv5i5tly ov]look x 9 ! heat ( an imag9>y *>ge4 ,a /ory-tell] is m conc]n$ to please 8 he>]s ?an to gu>d aga9/ inconsi/5cies :i* !y w\ld nev] detect z li/5]s1 & :i* ev5 close read]s did n detect = ab\t ?irty c5turies4 ,a "w ( art is n to be judg$ z a mass ( ma*9]y is1 nor is a poem to be scrut9iz$ ) diction>y & gramm> z y w\ld a s*oolboy's ex]cise4 ,?is is ! /atue ( ,phidias ov] aga94 ,a /age sc5e w diff] some:at f a m9iature1 & an epic takes lib]ties ) walls & riv]s & ev5 m\nta9s & oceans1 lib]ties :i* w\ld n be tol]at$ 9 a quatra94 ,^! pr9ciples are z obvi\s z daylight1 b apo/les ( ! obvi\s are ne$$ 9 abundance 9 ! h>ve/ fields ( high] criticism4 ,:at is ne$$ = ,hom] is a /udy ( 8 art 9 a broad b n %all[ way1 compreh5sive & fundam5tal l ,ari/otle's brief discussion4 ,= ! wond]fully analytical m9d ( ,ari/otle ,hom]'s ,iliad & ,odyssey 7 models ( unity1 because he look$ ^u !m z works ( art1 n scrap-heaps ( philology & ar*eology4 ,put ! poems ( ,hom] on ! p$e/als = :i* he made !m1 = li/5]s :o _h to be ent]ta9$ & clamor$ = v>iety4 8,x is a trait ( ,hom]10 says a writ]1 8con/antly to %ift ! sc5e4 ,! motive may be weak1 b ! eye ( ! poet 0 n on ! motive1 b on ! sc5e2 s he n only %ifts ! sc5e b v>ies ! description ( ! ev5ts40 ,! poet's eye1 x might be add$1 is also l ! orator's1 fix$ /eadily on 8 audi5ce1 & ! audi5ce mu/ be reliev$ ev5 if masonry or geography suff]4 ,! p>am\nt pr9ciples ( v>iety & gr[? ( int]e/ :i* gov]n e good /ory hold sway 9 ,hom]4 ,take a /aple action ( ! ,iliad1 ! battles4 ,hom]'s audi5ce want$ fight+1 yet jad$ li/5]s & ! arti/ic poet knew !re mu/ be 9 ! fight+ v>iety & gr[? ( int]e/4 ,ev5 9 ! matt] ( kill+ m51 :i* seems to u unimportant b :i* w\ld n be to an audi5ce ( fight]s1 ,hom] has %[n a wond]ful v>iety4 ,a ,g]man pr(essor has diagnos$ ! ,hom]ic surg]y ) all ! ?or\ghness ( 8 class4 ,! conclusions may be f\nd 9 ,seym\r's ,life 9 ! ,hom]ic ,age4 ,! numb] & v>iety ( ! w\nds1 ! weapons us$1 ! p]c5tages ( fatalities1 are all giv5 9 full detail4 8,h>dly c\ld ! poet h cov]$ m completely ! possibilities ( w\nds = ! human body if he _h proce$$ sy/ematically & me*anically40 ,"s w h x t ,hom] 0 a surgeon & an army doctor4 ,c]ta9ly ! hi/ory ( anatomy has its fir/ *apt] 9 ! ,iliad4 ,b to pass ov] ! v>iety display$ 9 ! w\nds & o!r small] po9ts1 consid] ! actual fight+4 ,= ! maneuv]s we may ref] to two int]e/+ *apt]s 9 ,lang's ,_w ( ,hom]1 :]e ! v>iety & consi/5cy ( ,hom]ic w>f>e are well describ$ & def5d$ aga9/ ! dissectioni/s4 ,! po9t1 h[ev]1 we are work+ t[>d is ! v>iety %[n 9 ev5 ! ext]nal circum/ances ( ! w>f>e4 ,a clos] /udy ?an we c af=d to give w\ld reveal m v>iety1 b we may m5tion ! pla91 ! wall1 ! riv]1 ! night z 9 ! t5? book1 ! mi/4 ,^! are ! v>i\s circum/ances :i* ! poet introduces into 8 battles1 reliev+ ! monotony & su/a9+ ! int]e/4 ,!re is no fall+ (f4 ,! diff]5t h]oes1 too1 succe$ "o ano!r2 ! victory alt]nates f "o side to ! o!r2 ! battle on e>? has its e*o among ! gods4 ,! int]e/ rises4 ,patroclos ent]s ! fight1 & !n 8 fall5 body becomes ! c5t] ( ! /ruggle1 z ! wall & ! %ips _h be5 be=e4 ,some?+1 too1 is left = ,a*illes4 ,f]oci\s z may h be5 ! fight+ be=e1 x becomes a v]itable %ambles :5 ,a*illes ent]s ! fray4 ,nev] 7 su* frightful w\nds1 nev] su* riv]s ( blood z may be witness$ 9 ,book ,,xx 8:5 ! black e>? ran blood10 8:5 b5ea? ! great-he>t$ ,a*illes 8 :ole-hoov$ horses trampl$ corpses & %ields toge!r2 & ) blood all ! axle-tree bel[ 0 spr9kl$ & ! rims t ran ar\nd ! c>1 = blood-drops f ! horses' hooves spla%$ !m & blood-drops f ! tires ( ! :eels4 ,b ! son ( ,peleus press$ on to w9 8 glory1 fleck+ ) gore 8 irresi/ible h&s40 ,!n foll[s ! battle 9 ! riv]1 & f9ally ! battle ( ! gods !mselves1 & aft] ! necess>y relief & lull & reawak5+ ( int]e/ comes ! la/ battle ( all & ! climax ( ! poem 9 ! conflict ( ,a*illes & ,hector4 ,a /udy ( ! art ( ,hom] along its great l9es w give u ! true pr9ciples ^u :i* to judge him4 ,su* a /udy w put him 9 ! "r p]spective4 ,! /atue ( ,phidias w m\nt on high :]e its arti/ wi%$ to h x en%r9$4 ,! ,iliad & ,odyssey 7 meant to cross ! bronze ?re%old ( "s great palace1 8:]e !re 0 a gleam z x 7 ( sun or moon ?r\gh ! high ro($ hall ( a great-he>t$ ,k+4 ,braz5 7 ! walls :i* ran ?is way & t f ! ?re%old to ! inmo/ *amb]1 & r\nd !n 0 a frieze ( blue & )9 7 seats array$ aga9/ ! wall ?is way & t40 ,!n 8aft] ! m5 _h put f !m ! desire ( meat & dr9k10 !y call$ ^u ! m9/rel4 8,= m9/rels f all m5 on e>? get _! me$ ( honor & wor%ip2 inasmu* z ! muse tea*e? !m ! pa?s ( song & love? ! tribe ( m9/rels40 8,& ! m9/rel be+ /irr$ by ! god began & %[$ =? 8 m9/relsy & took up ! tale :]e x tells h[ ! ,argives sail$ away40 ,t 0 ! sett+ ( ! ,hom]ic ,epic1 & ?us speaks "o ^: 8he>t _h melt$ at ! song & ^: te>s wet 8 *eeks b5ea? 8 eyelids40 8,v]ily x is a good ?+ to li/ to a m9/rel1 l to ! gods 9 voice4 ,nay1 z = me1 ,i say !re is no m graci\s or p]fect delight ?an :5 a :ole p makes m]ry1 & ! m5 sit ord]ly at fea/s 9 ! halls & li/5 to ! s+] & ! tables by !m are lad5 ) bread & fle%1 & p\rs x into cups4 ,?is fa%ion seems to me ! faire/ ?+ 9 ! _w40 ,!re is ! place t ,hom] *ose = 8 mat*less poems1 & !re !y %\ld be judg$4 ,! he>ts t melt ) song are n se>*+ = digammas or olic =ms4 ,!y want ! /ory1 ! long voyages & ! /range adv5tures1 ! sway+ l9es ( battle & ! pr[ess ( h]oes4 ,!y look = & recognize ! diff]5t *>act]s :i* mu/ be z v>i$ & z cle>ly m>k$ z 9 ! life ar\nd !m4 ,!y mu/ n be surfeit$ ) too mu* ( any?+4 ,voyages & battles mu/ v>y & gr[ 9 int5sity & be cross$ ) pictures ( nature1 brief b ?rill+ & imm5sely reliev+1--! lion1 ! :eat field1 ! toss+ ocean & ! /eady d[nfall ( an un5d+ sn[ /orm4 ,) ^! & ! plot entangl+ & dis5tangl+1 ! li/5]s to ,hom]ic song & /ory w n look = t poli%$ smoo?ness & frigid exactness1 ! abs5ce ( :i* vexes ! m9ds ( mod]n ,g]many4 ,phidias' /atue occupies its prop] p$e/al1 & ! true judges aw>d to ,phidias 8 well-des]v$ prize4 ,,xvi ,,! ,,*ild-,,te/ ,,( ,,lit]ature ,_! eld]s are too busy ^! days devis+ te/s = ! *ildr54 ,is x n "t = ! *ildr5 to retort on _! te/]s8 8,hav+ pri$ & prodd$ into u to see if we measure up to y1 de> eld]s1 let u n[ see10 ! *ildr5 may well say1 8:e!r y measure up to u40 ,a great philosoph] wi%$ to make man ! measure ( ev]y?+4 ,we h a tru]1 a div9e philosophy1 a philosophy all ! m p]suasive1 & t philosophy makes ! *ild ! measure & te/ ( man's wor? & ! arbit] ( 8 et]nal de/9y4 8,:osoev] %all n receive ! k+dom ( ,god1 z a *ild1 %all n ent] x40 ,! mill/one moor+ ! sc&aliz] 9 ! ooze ( ocean's d>ke/ dep?s & ! angels :o see ! face ( _! little "o's ,fa!r1 ^! are ! extreme sanctions :i* gu>antee ! accuracy ( ! *ild-te/ = ! measurem5t ( man4 ,! *ild-te/ has (t5 be5 appli$ to man's morals4 ,onan & ,sang]1 ,sp>ta & ,*9a1 ,calv9's un*ri/ian infant damnation & ! ,*ri/less infant sanctification ( ,pelagius1 ,mal?us ) 8 8,decrease & subtract0 & ,moses ) 8 8,increase & multiply10 all1 f individuals to nations1 are ample evid5ce t ! *ild is set = ! ru9 & resurrection ( _m 9 ,israel4 ,! *ild-te/ is surely pot5t 9 rat+ ! _w's moral morons & moral g5iuses4 ,c ! *ild-te/ be appli$ to man's art & lit]ature8 ,recall ! words ( ,job1 8,:o %ut up ! sea ) doors1 :5 ,i made a cl\d ! g>m5t !re( & wrapt x 9 a mi/ 9 swaddl+ b&s80 ,t view ( ! sea 9 ! swaddl+ b&s ( infancy is a pro( ( an imag9ation look+ at ! univ]se ) ! eyes ( ! ,creator4 ,! *ild-te/ is a measure ( ! sublimity ( ,hebrew lit]ature4 ,! revelation ( ,g5esis gave ! lit]ature ( ! ,bible an outlook nev] rea*$ by o!r lit]atures4 ,z ! promise ( ! ,messiah kept a hall[+ gu>d ov] ! cradles ( ,israel1 s ! vision ( ! ,creator blott$ out f ! concepts ( ! ,hebrew imag9ation ! crude & mon/r\s nativities :i* make all pagan my?ologies hybrid & misceg5etic4 ,hom] has few] ?an o!rs h ( ^! nightm>es1 b x is n 9 !m nor 9 ! t9sel sublimity ( 8 div9e ma*9]y t ,hom] has t\*$ a wid] circle ( read]s ?an any ( 8 epic bre?r54 ,r x is 9 8 unaffect$ & transp>5t portrayal ( ! human nature we all und]/& t ,hom] has set ! he>t ( ! _w ?robb+ fa/]4 ,n ! celibate ,virgil1 nor ! ,puritanic ,milton1 dissolv] ( matrimony1 nor yet ,dante1 idealiz] ( ! maid5 ,beatrice1 gave u *ildhood & mo!rhood z ,hom] has done4 ,hom] is no s5tim5tali/1 b he has wid] sympa?ies ) "m & *ild ?an any au?or on ! rolls ( lit]ature4 ,! "m c[1 l[+ ov] its fir/-born2 ! "m dog1 gr[l+ 9 def5se ( its litt]2 ! "m lion1 all its br[ wr9kl$ ) ! greate/ fr[n ev] sket*$2 ! "m bird1 />v+ & dy+ = its "y1 yes1 ev5 ! "m wasp1 solicit\s = its m5ac$ brood 7note t1 ,s4 ,p4 ,c4 ,a467 ^! are evid5ces ( ,hom]'s t5d]ness4 ,a*illes lik5s 8 fri5d ,patroclus to a little maid fondly cat*+ at h] "m's dress & gett+ 9 h] way ) p]si/5t te>ful plead+ till ! "m takes h] up4 ,9 ! ,iliad1 ,hel5's sorr[ = h] ab&on$ ,h]mione is a pleas+ elem5t 9 h] rep5tance4 ,odysseus pr\dly /yles himself ! fa!r ( ,telema*us2 ! "m ( ,odysseus dies = long+ ( him1 & 8 fa!r1 ,la]tes1 9 ! mo/ exquisite ( ! _m recognition sc5es ( ! ,odyssey1 passes f view 9 t /ory1 :ile 8 long-abs5t son tells him ( ! fruit trees1 8:i*10 says ,odysseus1 8?\ once gave/ me = m9e own1 & ,i 0 begg+ ( !e ?is & t1 be+ b a *ild & foll[+ !e ?r\gh ! g>d540 ,we h natural sket*es ( ! babyhood ( 8 two h]oes1 ,a*illes & ,odysseus4 ,yet1 m ?an all ^! pictures1 /&s out 9 ! _w's imag9ation ,hector's boy1 ^: future fate ,&roma*e1 aft] ,hector's dea?1 details ) a "m's despair+ vividness1 ^: *ildi% t]ror at 8 fa!r's helmet1 :ile ,&roma*e smiles ?r\gh h] te>s1 has br\ght home to unnumb]$ ?\s&s ! grim spect] ( w>4 ,t sc5e has et*$ itself s deeply into ! he>t ( mank9d t x has almo/ ru9$ ,hom]'s poem1 ali5at+ univ]sal sympa?y f ,a*illes to ,hector4 ,aft] ,hom]1 ! *ild motif 9 lit]ature is less 9 evid5ce4 ,drama1 ( its nature1 has little place = ! *ild except to put a ke5] poignancy 9 trag$y4 ,s ,sophocles us$ ! *ildr5 ( dipus4 ,s 9 8 "t did ,%akespe>e ) ! pr9ces ( ,ri*>d ,,iii1 ) ,m>cellus 9 ,coriolanus1 ) ,macduff's sprightly lad1 & ) o!rs4 ,!ocritus has a *ild to furni% an aside = ! gossipy ,syracusan dames4 ,anacreon introduces ! c\nt]feit ( *ildhood 9 ! ,cupids1 ^: sophi/icat$ conv5tionality *eck$ inv5tion 9 ,elizabe?an lyrics z x did 9 art f ,pompeii to ,rub5s & lat]4 ,cupids are symbols1 *ildr5 ( ! bra91 n ( ! he>t1 & figure 9 song & pa9t+ z signs4 ,!y h a message = ! m9d2 !y d n t\* ! feel+s1 :ile on ! o!r h&1 !y free ! arti/ f seek+ 9 life ! expressive significance t ,hom] gave ! *ild4 ,lit]ature _h to wait long = ! naturalness ( ,hom] to reappe>4 ,virgil has a little ( x 9 ,ascanius1 ano!r ,cupid1 & x is significant t ,virgil's "o out/&+ natural t\* is f\nd 9 ! fam\s ,messianic eclogue3 ,incipe1 p>ve pu]1 risu cognosc]e matrem4 ,z = o!r ,lat9s1 :e!r x be ba*elor%ip or ! erotic preoccupation ( ! lyrici/s1 or ! supreme p[] ( ! fa!r 9 ,roman cu/oms & law1 ,lat9 lit]ature does n mirror = u prom95tly ! *ild & "m nor reflect _! natural attractiv5ess z f\nd 9 ,hom]4 ,well1 ev5 ,greece seems to h lo/ ! art1 & a new inspiration 0 ne$$4 ,t inspiration came ) ! ,div9e ,*ild ( ,be?lehem4 ,,xvii ,,! ,,*ri/-,,*ild ,,te/ ,,( ,,lit]ature ,! influ5ce ( ! ,*ri/-,*ild on pa9t+ 0 trem5d\s & la/+4 ,a hi/ory ( ,*ri/ian art c\ld be writt5 ar\nd ! ,madonna1 & ! subject has attract$ ! notice ( _m writ]s1 index$ 9 art libr>ies4 ,alice ,meynell has treat$ ! subject attractively & ) h] /udi\s insight 9 ! ,*ildr5 ( ! ,old ,ma/]s4 ,9 ! ,catacombs1 ,*ri/ian art felt & portray$ ! ,div9e ,*ild & ,8 ,"m4 ,byzant9e ornam5tation & mosaics gave ! ,*ild a rigid maje/y :i* veil$ ,8 w9som5ess1 b ! ma/] pa9t]s came clos] to *ildhood & br\ght ,madonnas f ! walls ( crypts & ( ca!drals to ! devotional %r9e & ! *apel1 mak+ ! ,*ild less ar*itectural & m natural4 ,9 lit]ature ! ,*ri/-,*ild _h equal influ5ce until ,puritanism tri$ to remove ,*ri/mas f ! cal5d>4 ,drama orig9at$ 9 ! liturgy ( ,ea/] & ( ,*ri/mas1 & al?\gh ,holy ,week 0 m elaborate & 9 sub/ance m dramatic1 ,*ri/mas to ,twelf? ,night1 (f]+ m inc5tive to play & song & m holidays1 ex]cis$ a l>g] influ5ce on ! /age4 ,9 lyric poetry at ! beg9n+ ( ! six? c5tury we h already ! famili>1 intimate & lov+ contact ) ! ,*ri/-,*ild1 :i* f9ds its late/ expression 9 ,?ompson & ,tabb4 ,/4 ,ita1 ! ,iri% sa9t 7#dhj-egj71 is ( _! fai? & t5d]ness 9 ! song ( 8,isucan10 8,little ,jesus10 giv5 9 ,sig]son's ,b>ds ( ! ,gael & ,gall3 ,jesuk9 ,lives my little cell )9 444 ,jesu ( ! skies :o art ,next my he>t ?ro' e night4 ,! bamb9o %9es ?r\gh m$ieval song 9 ,adam ( ,/4 ,victor & 9 o!r writ]s ( hymns4 ,! ,ca?olic writ]s ( ! ,r5aissance celebrate ! same !me 9 ! reviv$ met]s ( classicism4 ,s>bievius1 ! ,jesuit lyrici/ ( ,pol&1 is full ( ! ,*ri/-,*ild1 & 9 8 well-kn[n l9es 8,to ! ,violet0 he calls ^u t 8dawn ( spr+0 to cr[n 8 8,little ,lad0 ) its fl[]s 9 place ( ! gold & gems & purple :i* weight$ ! ,infant4 ,s>bievius 0 do+ :at ! pa9t]s did1 disc>d+ ! ,byzant9e ornam5t & conv5tion4 ,te/ ,puritanism ) ! *ild & x fails2 te/ x ) ! ,*ri/-,*ild1 & y w get ! pond]\s 8,hymn to ! ,nativity0 ( ,milton1 an imp]iali/ic ode :i* mu/ h gladd5$ ,cromwell4 ,no famili>ity !re1 no mir?fulness1 no ,jesuk9 ) violets = cr[n jewels1 n ev5 ,byzant9e immobility4 ,milton does n ev5 d(f ! helmet ( w>1 z ,hector did2 no1 he sees f ,juda's l& ,! dread$ ,infant's h&2 ,! rays ( ,be?lehem bl9d 8 ,osiris' dusky eyes4 444 ,our ,babe to %[ ,8 ,godhead true ,c 9 ,8 swaddl+ clo!s control ! damnd crew4 ,a ,pr9ce ( ,peace inde$ ) a mail$ fi/6 ,m]ry m$ieval ,engl& w\ld n recognize ,jesuk9 9 ,miltonic panoply4 ,=tunately = art x _h atta9$ excell5ce be=e ! ,puritanic blight fell ^u ! _w1 b = lit]ature 9 ! ,engli% language we mu/ wait until ! n9ete5? c5tury to see ! *ild come to its own4 ,wordswor? attempt$ a revival ( ,plato's philosophy & f\nd immortality1 if n famili>ity1 9 *ildhood :5 he wrote 8 8,ode on ! ,intimations ( ,immortality40 ,wordswor? took a m fruitful lesson f ! ,greeks :5 he w5t back to nature 9 o!r poems to /udy *ildhood4 ,ev5 be=e him1 ,blake1 pa9t] & poet1 influ5c$ no d\bt by ! traditions ( pa9t+1 began to see ! he>t 9 *ildhood4 ,! int]m9able moraliz+ /ories ( ,ann & ,jane ,taylor & ( ,elizabe? ,turn]1 :i* date f ?is "t1 are heavy ) gr[n up condesc5sion4 ,e4 ,v4 ,lucas w\ld h done bett] to republi% 9 8 ,book ( ,v]ses = ,*ildr5 ! graceful & humor\s lessons ( ! ,greek fables ?an p]petuate ,taylor & ,turn]4 ,aft] ,wordswor? we see ! *ild motif gradually tak+ a l>g] place 9 ! lit]ature ( ,engl& & ,am]ica4 ,despite ,francis ,?ompson's vigor\s ef=t 9 8 fam\s essay1 he has n succe$$ 9 mak+ ,%elley pass ! *ild-te/4 ,%elley _h no fai?1 no humility1 no humor1 no real t5d]ness1 & ev5 grant+ him ! dream+ p[] ( *ildhood1 :i* 9 ,?ompson's essay is l>gely a reflection ( ,?ompson1 ,%elley _h n ! he>d ( a *ild to ent] into ! ,k+dom4 ,walt] ,scott's fri5d%ip = ,m>jorie ,flem+ %[s t ! great poet & noveli/ _h ! necess>y qualifications1 b no p]=mance comes n[ to m9d except a lullaby & ! glorification ( m]ry ,engl& at ,*ri/mas4 ,sw9burne glimpses gleams ( a baby's p9k toes & li/s to l[ laught] ( m\?s ( gold4 ,! *ild is picturesque = him4 ,moore1 ,byron1 ,br[n+1 = diff]5t reasons1 fail 9 ! *ild-te/4 ,t5nyson t\*$ ! surface1 al?\gh 9 ! 8,pr9cess0 he came close to ! my/]y4 ,patmore1 uxori\s & pat]nal1 came clos] & ev5 t\*$ ! dep?s ( ! *ild 9 8,toys40 ,longfell[ & ,:itti] 7 ( ! same s*ool4 ,x 0 ,/ev5son1 9 a ,*ild's ,g>d5 ( ,v]ses :o br\ght back into poetry1 z ,lewis ,c>roll did 9 prose & v]se1 ! natural *ild t ,hom] saw ab\t him1 & t pa9t+ disc]n$ 9 ! ,babe ( ,be?lehem4 ,humor1 imag9ation1 sympa?y1 ^! 7 ! factors :i* discov]$ ! he>t ( *ildhood = our mod]n _w4 ,b>ry & ,belloc 9 ,engl&1 ,eug5e ,field & ,riley 9 ,am]ica1 ,e>ls & 8,tom0 ,daly & _m o!rs h fur!r$ ! discov]ies4 ,!re is no hope = ! *ild 9 ! 8,new ,poetry0 :i* takes itself too s]i\sly4 ,:o w\ld hold up ! _w if ! 8new poets0 />t$ 9 to m9d ! baby8 ,"o m elem5t 0 ne$$1 & sorely ne$$1 to ent] fully into ! my/]y ( ! *ild4 ,t elem5t is fai?4 ,evolution look$ on ! *ild z an epitome ( its !ory2 p$agogy plott$ out1 weigh$ & measur$ ! *ild & drew up =midable /ati/ics2 eug5ics fac$ ! *ild z ?\gh x 7 a dire microbe1 s\rce ( pov]ty1 ignorance1 bootlegg+1 w>1 pe/il5ce & fam9es4 ,! mod]n *ild _h & /ill has be=e x a dismal prospect4 ,x is ! camp+ gr\nd ( ! speciali/1 ! exp]im5tal laboratory ( ! !ori/1 & ! peculi>ly delectable victim ( physical & moral vivisectioni/s4 ,fai? mu/ save ! *ild1 fai? 9 ! ,babe ( ,be?lehem4 ,tabb & ,?ompson _h t fai?4 ,!y are ! c\nt]p>t 9 lit]ature ( a ,/4 ,an?ony or a ,/4 ,/anislaus 9 life & art4 ,!y play ) ! ,*ild ,jesus4 ,isucan has come into ,8 own aga94 ,tabb s+s 9 8,out ( ,b\nds03 ,o comrades1 let u "o & all ,jo9 9 to get ,him back 8 ball6 ,& ,francis ,?ompson ) m$ieval intimacy asks 9 8,ex ,ore ,infantium03 ,& did ,?y ,"m at ! night ,kiss ,!e1 & fold ! clo!s 9 "r8 ,& did/ ,?\ feel q good 9 b$1 ,kiss$1 & sweet1 & ,?y pray]s said8 8,look = me 9 ! nurs]ies ( ,heav510 said ,?ompson4 ,he w surely be at home !re1 & ,tabb & _m ano!r w be ) him4 ,! fir/ sev5 *apt]s ( ?is "w 7 giv5 9 sub/ance z lectures at ! ,*ampla9 ,assembly1 ,cliff ,hav51 ,n4 ,y4 ,*apt] ,,xii1 ,educat+ ! ,emotions1 is a summ>y ( an address giv5 to ! ,public ,s*ool ,tea*]s ( ,rhode ,isl&4 ,o!r *apt]s h appe>$ 9 ,am]ica1 ,ca?olic ,_w1 ,educational ,review ( ,wa%+ton1 ,s*ool ,int]e/s1 ,classical ,weekly1 ,magnificat & are reproduc$ ?r\gh ! c\rtesy ( ! editors4 ,,app5dix ,,greek ,,speaks ,,= ,,itself ,,an ,,etymological ,,phantasy#d ,dur+ a p]iod ( le?>gy ,i 0 petrifi$ at a phantom1 b\nd+ f my lexicon1 ) ?is cat>act ( phrases3 8,are y ,bapti/1 ,me?odi/1 ,presbyt]ian1 ,episcopalian1 ,ca?olic1 or ,*ri/ian8 ,)\t me1 y are anonym\s4 ,d y /igmatize h]esy & s*ism1 hypocrisy & blasphemy4 ,d y blame s*em]s aga9/ ! ,mosaic decalog8 ,d y impose ana!mas 9 apo/ates1 idolat]s & a!i/s or exorcise ! devil & 8 demons ) _! diabolical pomps8 ,are y zeal\s = proselytes1 & to baptize neophytes aft] cate*ism1 & to canonize or?odox m>tyrs ) halos & emblems1 sc&aliz+ fr5zi$ iconocla/s8 ,!n all t is done ?r\gh me4 ,! ecclesia/ical sph]e is practically m9e4 ,i am ! ar*itect ( *ur*es1 ca!drals & basilicas1 f ! asphalt base 9 ! crypts ( ! catacomb1 up to ! apse & ! *imes 9 ! dome4 ,i am ar*itect ( mona/]ies = monks & an*orites1 & ( asylums = orphans & lep]s & maniacs4 ,m9e is ! ,hi]>*y1 f ! ,pope on 8 dais ) 8 ti>a1 to ! mit]$ ,bi%op 9 8 diocese1 & to ! p>i% prie/ 9 8 presbyt]y4 ,deacons & acolytes1 cl]gy & laity1 ,papal encyclicals1 diocesan synods1 p>o*ial homilies1 & all dogmatic !ology1 ) its my/]ies & myriad topics1 are m9e4 ,! ,bible is m9e f ,g5esis1 ,exodus1 ,deut]onomy ( ! ,p5tateu*1 to ! ,p>alipom5on & ! ,psalms1 to patri>*s & prophets1 to ! ,evangeli/s ( ,*ri/1 to ! ,epi/les & ,apocalypse ( ,8 ,apo/les4 ,epiphany1 ,p5teco/1 ! ,p>asceve are m9e ,! tunes ( ! hymns1 ! quir+ ( an!ms1 ! ,gregorian tones ( ! litanies & antiphons are melodi\s ?r\gh me & ,i compos$ ! canon ( liturgy ) its symbols4 ,g to y\r home ) me4 ,bu%els ( an?racite = ! *imney1 & a diet ( fanci$ nect>6 ,*airs & plates & di%es2 oy/]s2 butt] & treacle2 p]* or tr\t or s>d9es 9 olive oil2 ! aroma ( capon or p>tridge or pheasant2 cel]y & asp>agus & pepp]s2 *]ries & dates & currants1 citrons & melons1 prunes & qu9ces & plums2 pumpk9s m>malade & pa/ry2 *e/nuts & pipp9s2 masses ( purple hyac9?s1 ) lily & crocus1 ) g]aniums & heliotropes1 ) n>cissus & peony1 ) a/]s & or*ids & posies ( roses4 ,:at ze/6 ,isn't t a panorama ( p>adise to tantalize y8 ,be n economical or dyspeptic4 ,ma/icate b5ea? y\r mu/a*e4 ,let *oruses e*o 9 ! p>lor ) music ( organ & guit>1 or let !re be anecdotes on ! piazza ar\nd a bottle ( *e]+ tonic4 ,i telephone or telegraph = my 8auto10 & my ma*9e goes to my !at] or hippodrome4 ,!re is on my program ! symphony or*e/ra ) h>moni\s melodies2 or on my program are sc5es melan*oly ) trag$y1 or hil>i\s ) pantomime & melodrama1 ) comic monolog or dramatic dialog1 ) cycli/s1 gymna/s & acrobats4 ,aft] ! drama or k9ematic photography1 ) mat* & lamp y g to attic canopies1 & to ! climes ( ,morpheus4 ,= all ^! y are to reimburse me ) ! treasuries ( ! purse4 ,g ) me to ! ocean1 oppos+ ! /ratagems & tactics ( b>b>\s pirates1 to me&] by gulf & i/hmus & ar*ipelago1 nomads ?r\gh all climates1 *>t+ geography ) my nautical atlases1 f ! ,arctic to ! ,ant>ctic ?r\gh ! tropic zone1 f ,polynesia to its antipodes4 ,!n = my a/ronomy6 ,:at a panorama ?r\gh my telescope 9 ! cry/al atmosph]e6 ,above ! horizon 9 ! empyrean are my planets & comets & meteors & galaxies ( a/]oids4 ,)\t me :]e is y\r 8zoo0 ) its pan!rs & leop>ds ) dolph9 & crocodile & hippopotamus1 ) lynxes & hy5as1 ) o/ri* & pelican1 ) buffalo & drom$>y1 ) i*neumons & scorpions1 ) ! gigantic elephant & its proboscis & ! pygmy squirrel6 ,oh1 :at ( my *im]ical & utopian 8zoo10 ) ! ph5ix & dragon & griff9s & *ameleons & gorgons & gnomes & basilisks & sph9xes & hybrids6 ,b ,i am n ar*aic2 ! scope ( my dynamic en]gy is practical & n ecc5tric4 ,m9e are politics1 ! diadems ( mon>*s1 ! scept]s ( tyrants1 b>b>\s an>*y & despotic autocracy1 ! panics ( demagogue & ! p>liam5ts ( autonomy & democracy4 ,*emi/ry & *emical analysis1 physics ) ph5om5a ( electricity1 ac\/ics1 & optics1 me*anics1 botany1 geology1 entomology1 & all ! 8ologies0 ) _! te*nical gloss>ies2 !y are m9e4 ,s are all ! apo!c>ies & ph>macies ) glyc]9e & licorice & creosote & ! antidotes = qu9sy2 = cat>rh1 dropsy1 neuralgia1 & = e 8-itis0 & 8-osis02 emetics = ! /oma*2 ! ca?>tics1 calomel & ca/or-oil2 doses ( p>egoric = colic2 pla/]s = impo/humes2 ars5ic = spasms ( epilepsy1 & tonics = anemic art]ies2 a peptonoic diet = dys5t]y2 oxyg5 aga9/ bron*ial phlegm2 bromides = a/hma2 iod9e = pleurisy & p>asites2 n>cotics to calm hy/]ia2 antipyr9 = agoniz+ rheumatism2 antitox9s = diph!ria & = ! delet]i\s microbes ( *ol]a or typhoid1 & bottles ( panaceas4 ,anatomy is m9e & ! surgeon1 diagnos+ symptoms1 *>t+ septic organs on ! diagrams1 trepann+ ! cranium1 caut]iz+ = hemorrhage1 is m9e2 s are 8 sponges & syr+es & silk & 8 /yptics1 & 8 prophylactic hygi5e1 & 8 an/hetics1 *lor(orm & e!r1 & 8 antiseptics aga9/ bact]ia & gangr5e1 & 8 autopsy & 8 skeletons4 ,! s*ool is m9e ) its desks1 its programs & s*$ule & ! s*ol>s1 f _! alphabet to _! diploma1 _! ari?metic & geometry1 _! gymnasiums & a?letics1 & ! s*ool diamond & amphi!at]4 ,pause be=e y o/racize me f my s*ools4 ,w\ld y be an essayi/1 sket*+ graphic /ories or typical *>act]s2 an hi/orian1 catalog+ ! treasures ( ar*ives1 & *ronicl+ epo*s ( cata/rophe & calm2 or a philosoph]1 sy/ematiz+ !ories ( ,/oics1 ,h$oni/s1 ,p]ipatetics & ,s*ola/ics2 or a poet1 compos+ idylls & madrigals1 lyrics & odes ) /rophes & ! epics ) episodes1 y are m9e4 ,)\t me y h n tal5ts or ideas or pap] or ink4 ,m9e are y\r gramm> & syntax1 y\r syllables1 y\r p>agraphs ) _! commas & colons & p>5!ses1 y\r lexicons & encyclop$ias & c>d-catalogs1 y\r topics & !mes = ec/atic rhapsodies or = au/]e logic1 y\r fanta/ic p>adoxes & y\r idiotic !ories4 ',tis ,i :o phrase = y y\r axioms1 cau/ic criticisms1 laconic epigrams1 all y\r irony & s>donic s>casm4 ,if y\r te*nique is idiomatic1 y\r me?ods puzzl+ or cry/al1 y\r tropes are metaphors graphic1 y\r fancies hectic or anmic1 y are m9e4 ,i am y\r en?usia/ic /5ograph]1 jott+ d[n & synopsiz+ y\r ideas & typ+ !m to be /]eotyp$ 9 y\r au!ntic tomes1 :e!r anonym\s or "u a pseudonym4 ,i apologize = my tautologies1 = ?is monoton\s labyr9?1 = ! phalanx ( te*nicalities & = ! etymological mosaic :i* /rangles y\r l>ynx ) 8ics0 & 8isms40 ,:e!r x is all abysmal ba?os1 or ! climax & acme ( ! practical1 ,i am to blame = x4 ,b pause be=e y o/racize me f my s*ools2 pause ere ! nemesis ( *aos & disa/] is y\rs2 b if y are to be *>act]iz$ z adamant & )\t sympa?y1 let ! poets e*o a ?r5ody ab\t my c(f92 let !re be a *orus ( pans "u ! cypress & c$>1 ! l>* & osi]1 ! myrtle & am>an?1 ab\t my c5otaph2 let !re be 9 my cemet]y a mausoleum ) a monoli?1 & on x my epitaph3 ,! ,lexicons ( ,europe ,are ! ,trophies ( ,greece4 ,,note3 ,,! ,,nature ,,( ,,e/hetic ,,enjoym5t ,e/hetic pleasure or ! enjoym5t ( ! beautiful is g5]ally admitt$ to be dis9t]e/$4 ,possession & own]%ip d n ent] into ! e/hetic act4 ,! own]%ip ( ,da ,v9ci's 8,mona ,lisa0 is n an object ( indiff]5ce or ( dis9t]e/$ att5tion4 ,?ieves s*eme = ! own]%ip1 ?\s&s covet x1 gu>ds protect x4 ,b ! enjoym5t ( 8,mona ,lisa0 is n selfi% & exclusive 9 its nature4 ,e/hetic enjoym5t makes ab/raction ( possession & ( selfi% good4 ,x foll[s !re=e t e/hetic enjoym5t is a function ( man's k1 n ( man's desires & appetites4 ,! only condition ^u :i* ! appetites1 :e!r bodily or spiritual1 c op]ate is t !y be en]giz$ by p]sonal good4 ,volition may be free1 b x _c be dis9t]e/$4 ,y may enjoy ano!r's picture2 y _c eat 8 d9n]1 nor c y be indiff]5t to :at y "k to be = y\r good4 ,"s h ass]t$ t e/hetic enjoym5t belongs to a special p[] ap>t f bo? k & appetite4 ,!re is h[ev] no ne$ ( su* p[]4 ,c]ta9ly beauty mu/ be kn[n to be enjoy$1 b is n ! k itself adequate to produce ! *>act]i/ic effect ( beauty8 ,is n ,aqu9as "r 9 say+1 8,pul*rum dicitur id cujus ipsa appreh5sio placet0 7t is call$ beautiful :i* simply by its p]ception pleases78 ,good1 be+ an end1 _c delight solely by be+ p]ceiv$2 good mu/ be atta9$4 ,b = beauty1 is n its v p]ception an enjoym5t8 ,! solution ( ?is "q w be f\nd 9 ! nature ( enjoym5t4 ,emotions & feel+s1 pleasure & pa9 are easy to und]/& & = t reason difficult to express 9 satisfactory =mulas4 ,by its v nature e faculty ( man op]at+ normally has an accompany+ pleasure1 :ile if op]at+ abnormally x has pa94 ,! faculty itself is !re=e ! subject ( ! feel+ j z life is inh]5t 9 ! organism4 ,inde$ feel+ is consci\sly localiz$ life4 ,! feel+ ( ! toe is felt by ! toe2 ! joy ( see+ is felt by ! eye4 ,no di/9ct p[] is requir$ to c>ry ! feel+4 ,s x is ) e/hetic emotions4 ,! m9d itself feels ! delight ( beauty4 ,e/hetic enjoym5t is a function ( p]ception4 ,does e/hetic enjoym5t belong to ! s5ses & to ! imag9ation8 ,"h aga9 !re is diff]5ce ( op9ion4 ,x is probable1 h[ev]1 t s5sible p]ception has no accompany+ e/hetic pleasure4 ,/4 ,augu/9e appeal$ to exp]i5ce & decl>$ t e/hetic enjoym5t ( ! beauty1 say1 ( ! sun1 0 possible1 ev5 :5 ! sight suff]$ pa94 ,a bett] reason may be f\nd 9 ! behavior ( animals :i*1 ?\gh clo!d 9 beauty1 give u no c]ta9 evid5ce ( e/hetic appreciation & enjoym5t4 ,e/hetic enjoym5t !re=e belongs to intellectual cognition4 ,n[ ! intellect has _m op]ations4 ,:i* "o ( ^! c>ries ! e/hetic pleasure or e/hetic pa91 :i* "o is *>g$ ) ! vital ?rill t creates & appreciates ! _w ( art8 ,! m9d reasons1 ! m9d judges1 ! m9d appreh5ds4 ,e/hetic enjoym5t belongs to ! la/4 ,judgm5ts & inf]5ces may be objects ( e/hetic enjoym5t2 to reason1 to judge may prec$e or foll[ or may be ev5 necess>y conditions1 b ! e/hetic act is mo/ probably "o ( simple appreh5sion4 ,!re w\ld seem to be g5]al agreem5t t contemplation is ! *>act]i/ic attitude ( ! m9d 9 ! pres5ce ( beauty4 ,aqu9as excludes di/9ctly ! idea ( end f beauty4 ,beauty is a =m :i* we contemplate4 ,croce calls ! e/hetic p]ception intuition4 ,!odore ,watts-,dunton seems to be describ+ ! same act :5 he calls poetry 8! r5asc5ce ( wond]40 ,! ef=ts ( reason+ & ( judg+ appe> to be ali5 to ! m5tal attitude 9 ! pres5ce ( beauty4 ,! simple appreh5sion is conc]n$ ) :at is t]m$ ontological tru?1 :]eas reason+ & judg+ result 9 logical tru?4 ,n[1 j z e/hetic enjoym5t ab/racts f possession or good1 s does x ab/ract f ! affirmations belong+ to ! logical tru? ( judgm5t & ( rational inf]5ce4 ,!re is e/hetic enjoym5t ( fiction z well z ( fact4 ,ari/otle long ago saw t al?\gh ! sub/ance ( art mu/ be ! p]sons1 actions & feel+s ( man1 ! pleasure f\nd 9 ! "w ( art does n arise f its correspond5ce ) reality4 ,! correspond5ce ) reality gives ! satisfaction ( logical tru?1 ( sci5tific tru?1 ( hi/orical fact4 ,! tru? :i* is ! object ( e/hetic pleasure 9 art is ! tru? ( consi/5cy1 ( realization ( ideal1 ! tru? ( reasonable congruity1 ( plot 9 a wide s5se ( ! t]m4 ,?is vision1 ?is dream ( ! arti/1 s*ola/ic philosoph]s call causa exempl>is or ideal4 ,if we are "r 9 our und]/&+ ( ,croce1 8 intuition is no?+ else b ! simple appreh5sion ( ! ideal4 ,e/hetic enjoym5t comes also1 z is cle>1 f ! simple appreh5sion ( beauty 9 natural realities :]e !re is no fiction ( art4 ,to localize ! e/hetic enjoym5t 9 ?is way does n det]m9e ! con/itu5t elem5ts ( beauty1 b cle> def9itions help to exclude _m false notions ( beauty4 ,! ideal ( ! arti/ is embodi$ 9 8 imag9ation be=e x is express$ 9 its prop] m$ium4 ,! art ( man always mu/ h a m$ium :i* c be p]ceiv$ by ! s5ses4 ,t is :y a vigor\s imag9ation1 :i* /ores up & disp5ses to its own] quickly & abundantly ( its ri*es1 is s useful to ! arti/4 ,?r\gh 8 imag9ation ! arti/ is orig9al & p]sonal4 ,! pure ?\ght ( sci5ce is ab/ract & alike 9 all m9ds2 ! arti/ic vision =m$ f individual exp]i5ce w be diff]5t 9 e "o4 ,!re=e no two arti/s express+ !mselves 9 ! concrete c be alike z no two sc5es ( nature are alike 9 beauty4 ,ari/otle put ! pleasure ( art 9 p]ception4 ,art = him is a mimesis1 :i* does n mean an imitation1 9 ! s5se ( mirror+ or copy+4 ,t 0 ,plato's notion1 :i* ,ari/otle combat$4 ,art is1 9 ,ari/otle1 a p[] analog\s to nature1 work+ l nature 9 ano!r & limit$ _w1 ( s\nd1 ( color1 ( human ?\ghts4 ,art is fiction1 a dramatiz+1 a /ag+ ( life1 to be judg$1 n by correspond5ce ) fact1 b by its own plausible & conv9c+ rationalization4 ,no "o has done m = art ?an ,ari/otle 9 8 insi/5ce ^u ! necessity ( cause & effect1 ( a motivation1 suffici5t at lea/ = ! arti/'s public4 ,intr9sic unity1 ! fruit ( p]fect motivation1 0 ano!r necess>y requisite 9 ,ari/otle's analysis ( art4 ,x is only :5 ! v>i$ elem5ts ( ! arti/'s imag9ative exp]i5ce h fus$ !mselves into a unity by hav+ a well-motivat$ beg9n+1 middle & end t ! m9d feels ! beauty ( its vision4 ,univ]sality 9 art is ano!r fruitful idea ( ,ari/otle4 ,:ile conf9$ to 8 s5sible m$ium1 ! arti/ mu/ l9k up ! sep>ate elem5ts ( 8 vision m closely ?an 9 ! realm ( fact4 ,he w by t v reason be g5]al & univ]sal because 8 motivation mu/ approve itself to all4 ,a mov+ picture ( ! dea? ( ,cs> z x really occurr$ w\ld be valuable hi/ory4 ,x w\ld1 h[ev]1 be individual4 ,%akespe>e's dea? ( ,cs> has a beg9n+1 middle & end1 & ! spectators see 9 x ! work+ out ( a plot 9 :i* e ^w & act has be5 c>efully plann$ & fitt$ into ! design4 ,! individuat+ notes are left out1 & ! dea? ( a ,cs> has univ]sal appeal4 ,arti/ic creation1 motivation1 unity1 univ]sality1 ^! are great pr9ciples ( art =mulat$ by ,ari/otle & n likely ev] to be sup]s$$4 ,! cognitive idea ( beauty & ^? pr9ciples ( ,ari/otle h be5 foll[$ 9 ! *apt]s ( ?is book4 ,= fur!r discussion ( ! nature ( e/hetic pleasure1 see au?or's 8,art ( ,int]e/+10 ,*ap4 ,v1 ,int]e/ f ,emotions2 ,*ap4 ,,xvii1 ,is ,e/hetic ,emotion a ,sp9al ,?rill8 ,a ,,=w>d-,,look+ ,,lesson ,,9 ,,lit]ature 7,to exemplify ,*apt] ,,ix7 ,,! ,,me?od ,,! dry bones 9 ! cold pr9t ( ?is lesson are to be galvaniz$ into life by a tea*] 9 con/ant t\* ) ! class & enli/+ ! cop]ation by que/ions1 by hav+ ! passage read al\d1 by writ+ on ! bo>d1 by int]*anges ( ideas1 by lively disputes betwe5 individuals4 ,no m]e lecture ) passive li/5]s1 no m]e /udy p]iod ) a passive ov]se]1 b real tea*+1 :i* is a f9e conv]sation1 direct$ ^u select subjects & c>ri$ to a de/9$ end "u exp]t guidance4 ,all ( ! te*nical t]ms1 appreh5sion1 judgm5t1 inf]5ce & ! re/ are to be omitt$4 ,! intellig5t use ( su* t]ms belongs to college1 al?\gh ! op]ations & objects :i* ! t]ms designate belong to all grades4 ,?r\gh simple1 unte*nical que/ions ! :ole tru? may be und]/ood by ea*1 & e /ud5t may be made to g ?r\gh op]ations :i* are ( daily occurr5ce & :i* ! /ud5t mu/ make habitual by repeat$ ex]cise to insure a ma/]y ( ! art ( expression4 ,! tea*] is an exp]t m5tal director1 &1 sett+ be=e ! class a good passage ( lit]ature1 he w make !m ?9k aga9 & put 9 ord] aga9 & express aga9 :at ! au?or has done2 he w make !m conceive1 arrange & express ?\ghts ( _! own ) ! excell5ce :i* tea*] & class h not$ & appreciat$ 9 ! passage4 ,! tea*] ( lit]ature w be no lectur] 9 hi/ory or 9 philosophy or 9 ma!matics1 b w be l ! tea*] ( music or l ! physical tra9]1 :o makes 8 class g ?r\gh ex]cises :i* he himself has exemplifi$ & :i* ! class imm$iately practice to acquire bodily skill !n & = ! future4 ,a passage ( poetry is design$ly tak5 9 ?is lesson to %[ h[ poetry c be made to contribute to ! art ( expression4 ,lit]ature = "s is hi/ory1 = o!rs philosophy4 ,^! c5t] att5tion on ! facts or ideas4 ,lit]ature = o!rs is a dreamy1 my/]i\s ?+1 :i* y mu/ look at ) awe1 speak ab\t ) esot]ic rhapsody & c>efully lock up aga9 9 a glass case4 ,a =w>d look+ lesson 9 lit]ature mu/ "k :at ! passage means1 b is usually n conc]n$ ) ! orig9 & pa/ hi/ory ( ! au?or's mean+4 ,! =w>d-look+ lesson w n pret5d to solve all ! my/]ies ( art & beauty b w take out ( ! cl\ds & put cle>ly be=e ! class "s po9t 9 ! art ( expression1 a po9t :i* w be practical & ( ev]yday use4 ,su* a lesson w be z decid$ly vocational z hamm]+ a nail or rigg+ up a radio set or ru%+ ar\nd a gymnasium4 ,! purpose ev] be=e ! lit]ature tea*]'s m9d is appreciation1 lead+ to m5tal action & ?r\gh repeat$ action to ! art ( expression4 ,,! ,,lesson ,! curfew tolls ! knell ( p>t+ day1 ,! l[+ h]d w9d sl[ly o'er ! lea1 ,! pl\ghman homew>d plods 8 we>y way1 ,& leaves ! _w to d>kness & to me4 ,i4 ,,analysis ,,( ,,?\ght #a4 ,und]/&+4--,! mean+ ( ea* ^w1 ! mean+ ( ea* l9e1 ! mean+ ( ! :ole /anza4 ,?is %\ld n be a m]e passive und]/&+4 ,/ud5ts %\ld be made to rexpress ! ideas1 n only by p>aphrase 9 o!r words b especially by imag9ative realization4 8,= in/ance10 8,j l :at80 are two phrases to be (t5 on ! tea*]'s lips4 8,h y a he>d a curfew80 8,h y he>d a knell toll+80 8,did y ev] see 9 picture or 9 reality a l[+ h]d w9d+ o'er ! lea80 ,a ?\ght illu/rat$ by ! ?9k]'s imag9ation is realiz$ fully1 is felt z well z grasp$1 & w p]si/4 #b4 ,judgm5t4--,:at is ! logical subject & logical pr$icate ( ea* l9e & ( ! :ole /anza8 ,t is1 :at is ! au?or's *ief topic & :at does he say ab\t x8 ,?is ne$ n always be ! grammatical subject ( ! passage4 ,! art ( expression is n only appreh5d+ by vivid und]/&+1 b x is also judg+ by pr$ication1 by affirm+ or d5y+ some?+ ( ! subject4 ,!re is n a class ( any grade :i* _c pr(itably ex]cise itself 9 cle> & concise judgem5ts4 ,! successive judgem5ts briefly put are3 ,! bell tells ! end ( day3 ! c[s return to ! b>n3 ! pl\ghman comes home3 ,i am left alone 9 ! d>kness4 #c4 ,reason+4--,z z s+le s5t5ce may be analyz$ into a def9ite subject & a def9ite pr$icate = a judgm5t1 s two or m s5t5ces may be comp>$ to grasp ! relation betwe5 !m4 ,poetry does n g ?r\gh a process ( reason+4 ,x /ates ?\ghts & pres5ts pictures1 p]mitt+ ! m9d to inf]4 ,! ?ree pictures 9 ! op5+ l9es h a common trait :i* ! m9d detects3 all ?ree pictures are signs ( nightfall4 ,! m9d draws an inf]5ce :i* is inductive 9 nature1 & ! :ole /anza may be briefly /at$3 ,! com+ ( night leaves me alone 9 d>kness4 ,^! /ages 9 analyz+ ! ?\ght are elaborat$ "h4 ,9 practice !y may be exp$it$4 ,be=e be+ read1 ! judgm5t & inf]5ce may be pres5t$ z problems = solution3 ,:at does ! writ] say 9 ea* l9e8 ,:at "o idea is f\nd 9 ! fir/ ?ree l9es8 ,:at w be ! title1 ! head-l9e1 ! summ>y ( ea* l9e & ( ! :ole /anza8#e ,,ii4 ,,analysis ,,( ,,=m ,=m includes n only ! words & s5t5ces1 _! *oice & _! arrangem5t1 b also ! texture & color ( ! ?\ghts & _! modification end+ 9 _! p]fect expression1 z contra/$ ) ! b>e & limit$ /atem5ts already det]m9$4 ,9 ! /udy ( lit]ature1 words are n m]ely mat]ials = philologiz+1 or m]ely s5t5ces1 free opportunities = grammatical anatomiz+ ) all ! bones prop]ly numb]$ & label$4 ,su* analyses look *iefly backw>d & are n productive ( writ]s4 ,language anatomy has its great utility1 b lit]ature1 or ! art ( expression1 mu/ look to ! fle% & blood ( ! ?\ghts1 to ! p]sonality1 to ! imag9ation1 to ! concrete embodim5t ( ! writ]'s art4 ,! /ud5t w take up1 !re=e1 ! ?\ght already analyz$ & note & appreciate h[ 8 au?or has clo!d ! ideas1 ! judgm5ts1 ! reason+4 ,he w renact ! creative process ! au?or w5t ?r\gh1 & s "h1 ) a view to expression1 he w /rive to rival ! excell5ce ( ,gray1 b w d s ) 8 own ?\ghts4 ,grad+4--,at ?is /age ! tea*] may po9t out incid5tally _m excell5ces 9 ! art ( expression1 b w drill & h practice on ! p>ticul> excell5ce 9 expression1 prop] to 8 class4 ,! textbook ord9>ily det]m9es ! grade1 b if !re is no textbook or prescrib$ program1 ! tea*] w det]m9e 8 own ord] ( matt]4 ,"r ,^w4--,let u suppose ! tea*] is tea*+ ! art ( us+ ! "r ^w 7,model ,engli%1 #c71 ! ^w :i* /ates ! ?+ exactly 9 k9d4 ,he may c5t] att5tion on ! l9e3 ,! l[+ h]d w9d sl[ly o'er ! lea4 ,! class w be drill$ 9 ! au?or's *oice ( ! "r ^w by consid]+ o!r possible b less exact comb9ations1 e4g43 ,a numb] ( noisy c[s w5t reluctantly along4 ,aft] ?is drill1 ! class w appreciate :at ! "r ^w is & be ready = ! expression ( _! own ideas 9 "r words4 ,!y are n to p>aphrase ,gray's mean+4 ,t has already be5 done1 b !y are to provide subject-matt] ( _! own & express x ) a l excell5ce4 ,did !y cont9ue to speak ( c[s1 !y c\ld n bett] ,gray1 b if !y speak ( bees or bloodh\nds or cavalry or autumn leaves or riot]s or any?+ else t has come "u _! exp]i5ce 9 life or 9 read+1 !y might approa* ! exactness ( ,gray 9 giv+ ! "r ^w = ! s\nd1 = ! collection1 = ! action1 = ! mann] & = ! place4 ,bees3 ! buzz+ sw>m ( bees circl$ ?ickly ab\t ! hive4 ,bloodh\nds3 ! bay+ pack ( h\nds foll[$ ! trail eag]ly4 ,cavalry3 ! clatt]+ squadron ( cavalry gallop$ swiftly along ! road4 ,autumn3 ! heaps ( ru/l+ leaves 7 swept into e corn] by autumn w9ds4 ,riot]s3 ! yell+ mob ( riot]s ru%$ wildly t[>ds ! jail4 ,imag9ation4--,suppose ! tea*] is giv+ a lesson 9 imag9ation 78,model ,engli%10 ,*ap4 ,x74 ,if "o ( ! ,g5]al ,me?ods1 say ,reflect+ 7,no4 #fi71 is to be taught1 !n ! class mu/ vividly picture 9 _! imag9ations ,gray's /anza4 ,) ! help ( books on ! desk & ) a ge/ure or two ! sc5e & all its *>act]s may be dramatiz$4 ,all ?is sugge/ively r ?an ) exact mimicry1 unless !re is 9 "q a passage t may be reproduc$ by ! class 9 a m9iature pageant or play4 ,to te/ :e!r ! class is actually imag9+1 h !m quickly numb]1 "o aft] ano!r1 ! ?+s !y see & he> directly by ! words & indirectly sugge/$ by ! words4 ,or te/ 9 ano!r way4 ,let ea* draw an outl9e ( ! frame ( a picture & %[ h[ !y w\ld illu/rate any l9e or ! :ole /anza1 putt+ numb]s on ! blank space to locate ! details & expla9+ to ! side :at ! numb]s /& =4 ,suppose a p>ticul> me?od1 significant "p = ! :ole 7,no4 #gc7 be ! matt] ( ! lesson1 !n ! :ole :i* is express$ by ,gray is 8ev5+10 or 8p>t+ day10 pictur$ by ?ree significant details--curfew1 c[s & pl\ghman4 ,h ! class take an opposite situation--n ev5+ 9 a gravey>d 9 prep>ation = gloomy ?\ghts1 b morn+ on ! f>m look+ to a busy1 joy\s day4 ,or aga91 :at significant details w sugge/ ! hu% ( ev5+ 9 a city or on ! sea2 noon 9 a factory1 clos+ ( s*ool 9 ! aft]noon1 com+ ( w9t] 9 ,decemb]1 dawn+ ( spr+ 9 ,april1 etc4 ,int]e/ may be acc5tuat$ if "o /ud5t gives ! details & o!rs imag9e :at is ! :ole sugge/$4 ,= example3 ,! cock cr[s a greet+ to ! ris+ sun2 ! team ( horses is hit*$ to ! m[+ ma*9e1 & soon ! click+ knives lay l[ ! wav+ grass 7f>m72 ! crank is :irl$ ab\t ) a swift revolution & j]k+ /op2 ! l[ purr ( a hidd5 eng9e /eals ^u ! e> & a cl\d ( du/ swall[s up ! rattl+ c> 7a ,=d72 a sprig ( %amrock graces ! lapel ( ! coat2 gre5 ribbons flaunt gayly above ruddy *eeks1 & d[n ! /reet /eps a b& jigg+ ,g>ry[5 7,/4 ,patrick's ,day74 ,9 ! same way elem5ts ( =ce or int]e/1 metrical *>m or poetic ?\ght & _m o!r po9ts c\ld be taught f ?is /anza1 accord+ to ! grade ( ! class be=e ! tea*]4 ,:atev] ! passage tak51 once ! grade has be5 settl$1 ! arti/ic drill %\ld be c>ri$ ?r\gh ! /ages ( grasp+ ! ?\ght def9itely1 ( appreciat+ x ) discrim9ation1 ( repeat+ ! process ( creation1 ( dramatiz+ ! complete product1 & f9ally ( self-expression on ! "p ( ! /ud5t1 /riv+ to rival ! au?or 9 ! excell5ce he has /udi$4 ,,footnotes #a ,cf4 ,de ,wulf3 ,l'uvre d',art et la ,beaut1 p4 #dj4 #b ,s&ys3 ,hi/ory ( ,classical ,s*ol>%ip1 ,i1 #dch4 #c ,s&ys1 ,,iii1 #ed4 #d ,?is 8mosaic ( etymology0 :i* ,i (f] is n1 ,i ?9k1 simply an +5i\s t\r de =ce4 ,x has a significance & a practical value4 ,x may illu/rate ! composite nature ( ! ,engli% language2 x may amuse a curi\s read]2 x may enliv5 a ,greek class ) ! t\* ( actuality2 x may disclose dim vi/as into ! di/ant pa/ ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ev]yday language1 exemplify+ hi/ory ?r\gh common ?+s4 ,all ! words ( ?is phantasy are ( ,greek orig91 except ! article1 ! pron\ns1 ! prepositions & conjunctions1 & a few o!r small words3 8s1 z1 !n1 home1 let1 g1 d1 all0 & p>ts ( ! v]b 8to be40 ,skeat's ,etymological ,diction>y 7,/ud5t's edition7 is ! au?ority4 ,! exclusively te*nical words ( mod]n sci5ces :i* are almo/ :olly ,greek h n1 = ! mo/ "p1 be5 m5tion$4 ,x is ne$less to rem>k t ! prescriptions ( ! phantom's ph>macy are n au?oritative4 ,?is jeu d'esprit has attract$ s mu* att5tion z to be repr9t$ by ! ,am]ican ,classical ,association & to be notic$ by sev]al metropolitan editors4 ,t att5tion is ! motive = giv+ ! article p]man5t position 9 a book ) :i* a novel plea = ,greek has a c]ta91 ?\gh remote1 connection4 #e ,= analysis ( ?\ght1 see ,model ,engli%1 bk4 ,,ii1 *ap4 ,x1 by ,f4 ,p4 ,donnelly1 ,s4 ,j4 ,allyn & ,bacon3 ,bo/on1 ,new ,york & ,*icago4