file :i* includes ! orig9al             
illu/rations4       ,see #fddaj-;h4htm  
or #fddaj-;h4zip3                       
7https3_/_/www4gut5b]g4org_/ca*e_/epub_/
#fddaj_/pg#fddaj-;images4html7       or 
7https3_/_/www4gut5b]g4org_/files_/#fdda
j_/fddaj-;h4zip7         ,images ( !    
orig9al pages are available ?r\gh       
,hathi,trust ,digital ,libr>y4 ,see     
https3_/_/hdl4h&le4net_/#bjbg_/;dul#a4;a
rk3_/#acifj_/t#hz#id;cz#et      ,,!     
,,/ory ,,( ,a ,,great ,,s*oolma/]       
99      99      99      99      99      
99   ,mr4 ,wells has also writt5 !      
foll[+ novels3       ,,! ,,:eels ,,(    
,,*ance      ,,love ,,& ,,mr4 ,,lewi%am 
,,kipps      ,,tono ,,bungay      ,,ann 
,,v]onica      ,,mr4 ,,polly      ,,!   
,,new ,,ma*iavelli      ,,m>riage       
,,! ,,passionate ,,fri5ds      ,,!      
,,wife ,,( ,,sir ,,isaac ,,h>man        
,,bealby      ,,! ,,rese>* ,,magnific5t 
,,mr4 ,,britl+ ,,sees ,,x ,,?r\gh       
,,! ,,s\l ,,( ,a ,,bi%op      ,,joan ,,&
 ,,pet]      ,,! ,,undy+ ,,fire      ,,!

 ,,secret ,,places ,,( ,,! ,,he>t    ,! 
foll[+ fanta/ic & imag9ative romances3  
,,! ,,"t ,,ma*9e      ,,! ,,wond]ful    
,,visit      ,,! ,,isl& ,,( ,,dr4       
,,moreau      ,,! ,,invisible ,,man     
,,! ,,w> ,,( ,,! ,,worlds      ,,!      
,,sleep] ,,awakes      ,,! ,,fir/ ,,m5  
,,9 ,,! ,,moon      ,,! ,,sea ,,lady    
,,! ,,food ,,( ,,! ,,gods      ,,9 ,,!  
,,days ,,( ,,! ,,comet      ,,! ,,w> ,,9
 ,,! ,,air      ,,! ,,_w ,,set ,,free   
,,m5 ,,l ,,gods  ,& num]\s ,%ort ,/ories
 publi%$ 9 sev]al diff]5t collections   
,a ,s]ies ( books ^u ,social1 ,religi\s 
& ,political que/ions3                  
,,anticipations 7#aijj7      ,,mank9d   
,,9 ,,! ,,mak+      ,,fir/ ,,& ,,la/    
,,?+s      ,,new ,,worlds ,,= ,,old     
,a ,,mod]n ,,utopia      ,,! ,,future   
,,9 ,,am]ica      ,,an ,,engli%man      
,,looks ,,at ,,! ,,_w      ,,:at ,,is   
,,com+8      ,,w> ,,& ,,! ,,future      
,,9 ,,! ,,f\r? ,,ye>      ,,god ,,!     
,,invisible ,,k+      ,,russia ,,9 ,,!  
,,%ad[s      ,,! ,,salvag+ ,,(          

,,civilization      ,,wa%+ton ,,& ,,!   
,,riddle ,,( ,,peace      ,,! ,,outl9e  
,,( ,,hi/ory      ,a ,,%ort ,,hi/ory ,,(
 ,,! ,,_w    ,& two little books ab\t   
*ildr5's play1 call$3       ,,floor     
,,games & ,,little ,,w>s        99      
99      99      99      99      99      
,illu/ration3 ,f4 ,w4 ,s&]son   ,,!     
,,/ory ,,( ,a ,,great ,,s*oolma/]  by   
,h4 ,g4 ,,wells       ,new ,york ,!     
,macmillan ,company #aibd  ,all rights  
res]v$  ,copyright1 #aibd1 by ,h4 ,g4   
,wells4  ,set up & electrotyp$4 ,publi%$
 ,janu>y1 #aibd4  ,pr9t$ 9 ! ,unit$     
,/ates ( ,am]ica by ,! ,f]ris ,pr9t+    
,company1 ,new ,york     ,,cont5ts      
,,*apt] ,i                              
,,page ,,s&]son ,,! ,,man               
#a   ,,*apt] ,,ii  ,,! ,,mod]nisation   
,,( ,,oundle ,,s*ool            #be     
,,*apt] ,,iii  ,,! ,,replacem5t ,,(     
,,competition ,,by ,,gr\p   ,,"w        
#de   ,,*apt] ,,iv  ,,!                 
,,re-,,e/abli%m5t ,,( ,,relations       
,,betwe5   ,,s*ool ,,& ,,reality        

#fa   ,,*apt] ,v  ,,! ,,gr[? ,,(        
,,s&]son ,,%[n ,,9 ,,8   ,,s]mons ,,&   
,,scripture ,,lessons               #gb 
,,*apt] ,,vi  ,,! ,,w> ,,& ,,s&]son',s  
,,propag&a ,,(   ,,recon/ruction        
#ig   ,,*apt] ,,vii  ,,! ,,h\se ,,(     
,,vision ,,& ,,! ,,s*ool ,,*apel    #aca
   ,,*apt] ,,viii  ,,! ,,la/ ,,lecture  
#adg     ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations   ,f4 
,w4 ,,s&]son          ,frontispiece     
,,fac+ ,,page  ,,int]ior ,,9 ,,sci5ce   
,,block            #cd  ,,! ,,head      
,,among ,,! ,,p>5ts           #hd       
,,! ,,/ory ,,( ,a ,,great ,,s*oolma/]   
,,*apt] ,i  ,,s&]son ,,! ,,man    #a  ,(
 all ! m5 ,i h met--& ,i h n[ _h a      
fairly long & active life & h met a v   
great v>iety ( int]e/+ p--"o only has   
/irr$ me to a biographical ef=t4 ,?is "o
 exception is ,f4 ,w4 ,s&]son1 = _m ye>s
 ! headma/] ( ,oundle ,s*ool4 ,i ?9k him
 beyond "q ! greate/ man ,i h ev] kn[n )
 any degree ( intimacy1 & x is 9 ! hope 
( convey+ to o!rs some?+ ( my s5se n    
m]ely ( 8 importance1 b ( 8 peculi>     

g5ius & ! ri* humanity ( 8 "*1 t ,i am  
sett+ out to write ?is book4 ,he 0 9    
himself a v delightful mixture (        
subtlety & simplicity1 g5]osity1        
adv5tur\sness1 imag9ation & /eadfa/     
purpose1 & he approa*$ ! g5]al life (   
our "t at su* an angle z to reflect !   
mo/ curi\s & pr(itable lights ^u x4 ,to 
tell 8 /ory is to reflect ^u all ! ma9  
educational ideas ( ! la/ half-c5tury1 &
 to revise our conception ( ! process & 
purpose ( ! mod]n community 9 relation  
to education4 ,= ,s&]son _h a m9d l an  
octopus1 x seem$ always to h a t5tacle  
free to rea* out beyond :at 0 already   
held1 & 8 t5tacles grew & radiat$ f>!r &
 f>!r4 ,be=e 8 end he _h come to a      
vision ( ! s*ool z a c5tre = ! complete 
reorganisation ( civilis$ life4  ,i knew
 him p]sonally only dur+ ! la/ eight    
ye>s ( 8 life2 ,i met him = ! fir/ "t 9 
#aiad1 :5 ,i 0 propos+ to s5d my sons to
 8 s*ool4 ,b our ?\ghts & int]e/s drew u
 v close to "o ano!r1 ,i nev] miss$ an  
opportunity ( meet+ & talk+ to him1 & ,i

 0 ! la/ p]son he spoke to be=e 8 sudd5 
dea?4 ,he 0 sixty-six ye>s ( age :5 he  
di$4 ,^? la/ eight ye>s 7 c]ta9ly !     
ri*e/ & mo/ productive ( 8 :ole c>e]2 he
 grew mo/ 9 ^? ye>s2 he travell$ f>!/4  
,i ?9k ,i saw all ! be/ ( him4 ,x is1 ,i
 ?9k1 no disadvantage to h kn[n him only
 9 8 bolde/ & mo/ *>act]i/ic phase4 ,x  
saves me f confusion betwe5 8 matur] & 8
 e>li] phases4 ,he 0 a mu* /ratifi$ man4
 ,he _h gr[n /eadfa/ly all 8 life1 he _h
 %ak5 (f _m habitual inhibitions & fre$ 
himself f once necess>y re/ra9ts &      
limitations4 ,he w\ld g discreetly :ile 
8 convictions accumulat$ & !n break =w>d
 v rapidly4 ,he _h a way ( leav+ p      
beh9d1 & if ,i _h fall5 "u 8 spell      
e>li]1 ,i1 too1 might h be5 left f>     
beh9d4 ,he 01 ,i recall1 a rock-climb]2 
he 0 a m5tal rock-climb] also1 & ?\gh he
 0 v w>y ( recalcitrance1 !re 7 times :5
 8 pace became s urg5t t ev5 8 /aff & 8 
own family 7 left tugg+1 brea?less &    
p]plex$1 at ! rope4  ,out ( a small     
c\ntry gramm>-s*ool he creat$ some?+ m  

sugge/ive ( ^? great mod]n tea*+ c5tres 
( :i* our _w /&s 9 ne$ ?an any?+ else t 
has yet be5 attempt$4 ,by all ord9>y    
/&>ds ! ,oundle ,s*ool ( 8 lat] ye>s 0 a
 brilliant success2 x prosp]$ amaz+ly1  
!re 0 an almo/ hopeless wait+-li/ (     
applicants2 boys _h to be ent]$ five    
ye>s ahead2 b successful z x 01 x 0 no m
 ?an a sket* & demon/ration ( ! great   
s*ools t are yet to be4 ,i saw my own   
sons get an education !re bett] ?an ,i  
_h ev] d>$ hope = !m 9 ,engl&1 b f !    
fir/ my int]e/ 9 ! int5tion & promise ( 
,oundle w5t f> beyond its work+         
actualities4 ,& all ! educational       
possibilities t ,i _h hi!rto felt to be 
unatta9able dreams1 matt]s (            
speculation1 ?+s a little too           
extravagant ev5 to talk ab\t 9 our dull 
age1 ,i f\nd be+ pu%$ f> t[>ds          
realisation by ?is bold1 p]si/5t1       
humor\s & mo/ capable man4  ,let me fir/
 try to give y a picture ( 8 p]sonality 
z he lives 9 my memory4 ,!n ,i w try to 
give an acc\nt ( 8 beg9n+s1 z f> z ,i h 

be5 able to le>n ab\t !m1 & s we w come 
to our ma9 !me1 ,s&]son contra ,mundum1 
! s*oolma/] :o set out to conqu] ! _w4  
,=1 z ,i %all %[1 t & no less 0 :at he 0
 try+ to d 9 ! la/ ye>s ( 8 life4       
',ruddy' & 'jolly' are ! adjectives t   
come fir/ to m9d :5 ,i ?9k ( describ+   
him4 ,he _h be5 a sl5d]1 en]getic "y man
 8 e>ly photographs witness2 b long be=e
 ,i met him he _h become plump &        
en]getic1 ) a tw9kl+ appreciation = mo/ 
( ! good ?+s ( life4 ,8 complexion _h a 
r$di% fairness2 he _h well-modell$      
features1 ?ick eyebr[s & ?ick m\/a*e    
t\*$ ) grey1 & he wore spectacles ?r\gh 
& ov] & beside :i* 8 active eyes took   
/ock ( y4 ,ab\t 8 eyes 7 k9dly wr9kles1 
& g5]ally ,i rememb] him z smil+--(t5 ) 
a t\* ( rogu]y 9 ! smile4 ,quick        
movem5ts ( 8 head caus$ animat+ fla%es (
 8 glasses4 ,he 0 c>ry+ a little too mu*
 body = 8 he>t1 & t made him %ort (     
brea?4 ,8 voice 0 9 8 *e/1 !re 0 a t\* (
 8 native ,nor?umbria 9 8 acc5t1 & he _h
 a habit ( speak+ 9 incomplete s5t5ces )

 a frequ5t use ( ! int]rogative =m4 ,8  
mann] 0 confid5tial2 he w\ld b5d t[>ds 8
 he>] & drop 8 voice a little4 ',n[ :at 
d y ?9k ( ----8' he w\ld say1 or ',i've 
be5 ?9k+ ( ----' s & s4 ,at times 8     
confid5tial mann] became ende>+ly       
sugge/ive ( a fri5dly conspirator4 ,?is1
 z yet1 he seem$ to say1 0 n = too      
c>eless a publication4 ,y & he und]/ood1
 b ^? o!r fell[s--!y 7 difficult fell[s4
 ,x might n be practicable to attempt   
ev]y?+ at once4  ,t res]vation1 t       
humor\s discretion1 is v ess5tial 9 my  
memory ( him4 ,x is ess5tial to ! :ole  
educational situation ( ! _w4 ,he 0 an  
exceptionally bold & creative man1 & he 
0 a s*oolma/]1 & t is p]haps z ne> z "o 
c come to a complete incompatibility (  
quality & conditions4 ,9 no "p ( our    
social life is dull traditionalism s    
p[]fully entr5*$ z x is 9 our           
educational organisation4 ,we h /ill to 
realise ! evil ( m5tal heav9ess 9       
s*ola/ic conc]ns4 ,we take1 v prop]ly1 !
 utmo/ precautions to exclude m5 & wom5 

( immoral "* n only f actual tea*+ b    
also f any ex]cise ( educational        
au?ority4 ,b no "o ev] makes ! lea/     
objection to ! f> m deadly influ5ces (  
/upidity & untea*able ignorance4 ,our   
conceptions ( morality are /ill grossly 
physical4 ,! heavi] & sl[] a man's m9d  
seems to be1 ! m addict$ he is to       
intellectual n>cotics1 ! m p tru/ him z 
a s*oolma/]4 ,he w '/ay put4'  ,a timid 
ob/ructiv5ess is ! atmosph]e 9 :i* almo/
 all educational ef=t has to "w1 &      
s*oolma/]s are d5i$ a lib]ty ( ?\ght &  
spee* conc$$ to e o!r class (           
respectable m54 ,!y mu/ /ill be         
mealy-m\!d ab\t ,d>w91 fatu\sly         
conv5tional 9 politics1 & emptily       
or?odox 9 religion4 ,if !y /imulate _!  
boys !y mu/ /imulate z a brass trumpet  
does1 )\t words or ideas4 ,!y may be    
great lead]s ( m5--provid$ !y lead      
backw>ds or n[hi!r4 ,s&]son 9 8 latt]   
days broke into unexampl$ fre$om1 b = ! 
great] "p ( 8 life he 0--l mo/ ( 8      
pr(ession--'wad+ hips-deep 9 fools1' &  

equally resolv$ to "w out 8 p]sonal     
impulse & reta9 ! great opportunities t 
! gov]n+ body ( ,oundle ,s*ool _h1 almo/
 unwitt+ly1 put into 8 h&s4 ,he 0 !re=e 
n only a great revolution>y b some?+ ( a
 ,vic> ( ,bray4 ,a l>ge "p ( ! amus+    
subtlety ( 8 p]sonality 0 ! result ( !  
balanc$ c\rse he _h to pursue4 ,9 all he
 did1 9 all he said1 he 0 feel+ 8 way4  
,no o!r s*oolma/]--& !re mu/ be _m a    
rebelli\s he>t ly+ /ill 9 ! graves (    
dead s*oolma/]s & _m a /ifl$ rebel 9 !  
s*oolrooms ( to-day--no o!r s*oolma/]   
has ev] felt 8 way s discreetly1 s f> &1
 at la/1 s triumphantly4  ,i rememb] z a
 v *>act]i/ic ?+ t he said "o day :5 ,i 
ask$ = 8 op9ion ( a p>ticul>ly          
progressive & hopeful addition to 8 bo>d
 ( gov]nors3 ',he does n "k mu* ab\t    
s*ools yet1 b he w le>n4 ,oundle w tea* 
him4' ,& 9 8 la/ great lecture1 he flung
 out a g5]al 'aside'--t lecture 0 full (
 a/oni%+ 'asides'--',i turn$ r\nd on !  
boys & ! p>5ts1' he said1 'bo? are my   
bus9ess4'  ,nev] 0 s*oolma/] s          

emancipat$ z he 9 8 latt] ye>s f !      
anci5t s]vility ( ! p$agogue4 ,n = him !
 h&+ on ( mell[ traditions & g5teel     
ge/ures ( ! m9d1 n = him ! ob$i5t       
adm9i/ration ( useful in=mation to      
employ]s' sons by ! docile employee4 ,he
 saw ! mod]n tea*] 9 univ]sity & s*ool  
pla9ly = :at he has to be1 !            
anticipator1 ! plann]1 & !              
f\ndation-mak] ( ! new & great] ord] (  
human life t arises n[ visibly amid/ !  
decay+ /ructures ( ! old4    #b  ,s&]son
 0 born & br\ght up outside ! ,briti%   
public-s*ool sy/em t he 0 to affect s   
pr(\ndly4 ,8 e>ly education 0 obta9$ 9 a
 p>i% s*ool4 ,8 fa!r 0 employ$ 9 ! e/ate
 (fice ( ,"l ,boyne at ,brancepe? 9     
,durham4 ,!re 7 sev]al bro!rs b !y all  
di$ be=e manhood1 & ! scanty indications
 "o c glean ( ^? e>ly ye>s sugge/ a     
sl5d]1 /udi\s1 & probably r delicate    
y\ng/]4 ,he 0 nev] v pr(ici5t 9 any     
out-(-door games4 ,9 ! e>ly days at     
,oundle he c>e]$ ab\t on a bicycle2 9   
lat] ye>s he play$ t5nis2 8 vacation    

ex]cise 0 rock-scrambl+4 ,he became a   
'/ud5t-tea*]1' s ! (ficial ,life phrases
 x1 at a s*ool at ,tudhoe1 b :e!r !re 0 
any diff]5ce betwe5 be+ a /ud5t-tea*] at
 a s*ool at ,tudhoe & be+ an ord9>y     
pupil-tea*] 9 an ord9>y elem5t>y s*ool  
"u ! ,engli% ,education ,dep>tm5t ,i h  
be5 unable to asc]ta94 ,he 0 already    
notable 9 8 village _w z exceptionally  
intellig5t1 indu/ri\s1 & ambiti\s1 & ) a
 little enc\ragem5t f ! local vic> & "o 
or two fri5ds he effect$ an escape f !  
/rangl+ limitations ( elem5t>y tea*+4   
,he may h aim$ at ! *ur* at t "t4 ,at   
any rate he ga9$ a s*ol>%ip & ent]$     
,durham ,univ]sity z a !ological /ud5t4 
,he did well 9 ,durham ,univ]sity bo? 9 
!ology & ma!matics2 he 0 made a ,fell[ &
 he 0 able to g on z a s*ol> f ,durham  
to ! wid] & m /r5u\s academic life (    
,cambridge4 ,at ,cambridge !ology drops 
out ( ! =egr\nd ( ! picture4 ,he took a 
fairly good degree 9 ma!matics1 & he    
work$ = ! ,natural ,sci5ce ,tripos4 ,he 
did n fight 8 way up into t select class

 :i* secures ,cambridge fell[%ips1 b he 
_h made a reputation z an able1 h>d1 &  
hone/ work]2 he 0 mu* s\ght aft] z a    
coa*1 & he 0 giv5 a lecture%ip 9 !      
woman's college ( ,girton4 ,f ?is he w5t
 z s5ior physics ma/] to ! big s*ool =  
boys at ,dulwi*4  ,a photograph ( him 9 
! e>ly ,dulwi* p]iod %[s him sl5d] &    
ke5-look+1 already bespectacl$ & ) a    
?ick m\/a*e2 except = ! glasses n unlike
 ano!r ruddy nor?-c\ntryman ,i once     
knew1 ! noveli/ ,george ,giss+4 ,bo? 7  
:at "o might call ,sc&9avian 9 type4 ,b 
,giss+ 0 z despond5t z ,s&]son 0        
buoyant4 ,9 ^? days1 an old ,dulwi*     
associate tells me1 ,s&]son 0 9 a /ate (
 great m5tal f]m5tation4 ,he lov$ long  
walks 9 8 sp>e "t1 & along ! pebbly pa?s
 & roads & up & d[n ! little hills ( t  
corn] ( ,k5t1 ! two ( !m talk$ out a    
hundr$ aspects & issues ( ! p]plex+     
*ang+ _w 9 :i* !y f\nd !mselves4  ,x 0 !
 _w ( ! eighte5-eighties !y 7 look+ at1 
be=e ! fir/ ,jubilee ( ,que5 ,victoria1 
& x may be wor? :ile to devote a        

p>agraph or s to a recon/ruction ( !    
moral & intellectual l&scape ?is lean & 
eag] "y man 0 confront+4  ,^u ! surface 
& 9 its g5]al /ructure t ,briti% _w ( ! 
eighties _h a delusive air ( f9al       
e/abli%m5t4 ,que5 ,victoria _h be5      
reign+ = close ^u half a c5tury & seem$ 
likely to reign = ev]4 ,! economic sy/em
 ( unre/rict$ private ent]prise )       
privately own$ capital _h yield$ a great
 h>ve/ ( mat]ial prosp]ity1 & few p     
suspect$ h[ rapidly x 0 exhau/+ ! soil (
 will+ s]vice 9 :i* x grew4 ,production 
increas$ e ye>2 population increas$ e   
ye>2 !re 0 a /eady progress ( inv5tion &
 discov]y1 com=t1 & conv5i5ce4 ,w>s w5t 
on1 a m>g9al /imulation ( ! empire1 b   
s9ce ! collapse ( ,napoleon ,i4 no w> _h
 happ5$ to fright5 ,engl& = its exi/5ce 
z a c\ntry2 no ?reat ( w>f>e t c\ld t\* 
,engli% life or ,engli% soil tr\bl$ m5's
 imag9ation4 ,rusk9 & ,c>lyle _h        
criticis$ ,engli% ideals & !            
righte\sness ( ,engli% comm]ce &        
indu/rialism1 b !y 7 reg>d$ g5]ally z   

ecc5tric & unacc\ntable m52 !re 0       
already a conflict ( sci5ce & !ology1 b 
x affect$ ! national life v little      
outside ! _w ( ! intellectuals2 a c]ta9 
am\nt ( trade competition f ! ,unit$    
,/ates & f o!r ,european c\ntries 0     
develop+1 b at mo/ x ruffl$ ! surface ( 
! national self-confid5ce4 ,!re 0 a     
sociali/ movem5t1 b x 0 /ill only a     
passionless criticism ( trade &         
manufactur]s1 a criticism pois$ betwe5  
ae/hetic fa/idi\sness & b5evol5ce4 ,p   
play$ ) t ,victorian socialism z !y w\ld
 h play$ ) a v "y tig]-cub4 ,! lab\r    
movem5t 0 a g5tle insi/5ce ^u r high]   
wages & r %ort] h\rs2 x _h /ill to      
discov] ,socialism4 ,9 a _w ( c]ta9ties 
! rate ( int]e/ fell by m9ute b         
p]ceptible degrees1 & z a consequ5ce    
money = inve/m5t w5t abroad until all ! 
_w 0 "u tribute to ,brita94 ,hi/ory     
seem$ to be ov]1 entirely sup]s$$ by !  
daily pap]2 trag$y & cata/rophe 7 l>gely
 elim9at$ f human life4 ,"o read (      
fam9es 9 ,india & civil *aos 9 ,*9a1 b  

"o felt t ^! 7 dim9i%+ di/resses2 !     
mission>ies 7 at "w !re & railways      
spread+4  ,x 0 inde$ a mild & massive   
,sphynx ( ,briti% life t confront$ our  
"y man at ,dulwi* & 8 fri5d1 an amoeboid
 ,sphynx :i* envelop$ & assimilat$ r ?an
 tore & dev\r$4 ,x _h n be5 /rick5 = a  
g5]ation1 & s x felt assur$ ( ! ages4 ,b
 b5ea? its tranquil-look+ surfaces _m   
f]m5ts 7 actively at "w1 & its s]5e &   
empty visage mask$ ext5sive processes ( 
decay4 ,! fifty-ye>-old fai? on :i* !   
social & political fabric re/$--= all   
social & political fabrics mu/ 9 ! la/  
resort re/ ^u fai?--0 be+ corrod$ &     
dissolv$ & remov$4 ,brita9 9 !          
mid-,victorian "t /ood /rong & /urdy 9 !
 _w because a great numb] ( its p1 its  
(ficials1 employ]s1 pr(essional m5 &    
work]s hone/ly believ$ 9 ! rightness (  
its claims & pr(essions1 believ$ 9 its  
/ate !ology1 9 ! ju/ice ( its economic  
relation%ips1 9 ! romantic dignity ( its
 mon>*y1 & 9 ! real b5efic5ce &         
righte\sness ( its relations to =eign]s 

& ! subject-races ( ! ,empire4 ,!y did  
:at !y und]/ood to be _! duty 9 ! light 
( t belief1 simply1 directly1 & )       
self-respect & mutual confid5ce4 ,if "s 
( its in/itutions fell %ort ( p]fection1
 few p d\bt$ t !y l$ t[>ds x4 ,b f !    
middle ( ! c5tury onw>d ?is assurance ( 
! prosp]\s ,briti% 9 _! _w 0 be+        
subject$ to a m & m de/ructive          
criticism1 spread+ sl[ly f intellectual 
circles into ! g5]al consci\sness4  ,x  
is int]e/+ to note "o or two dates 9    
relation to ,s&]son's life4 ,he 0 born 9
 ! ye> #aheg4 ,?is 0 two ye>s be=e !    
publication ( ,d>w9's ,orig9 ( ,species4
 ,he 0 gr[+ up ?r\gh boyhood z !        
application ( ! ,d>w9ian criticism (    
life to curr5t !ology 0 made1 & z !     
great controv]sy betwe5 ,sci5ce &       
or?odox beliefs came to a head4         
,huxley's *all5g+ book1 ,man's ,place 9 
,nature1 0 publi%$ 9 #ahfc2 ,d>w9 became
 completely explicit ab\t human orig9s  
only 9 #ahga ) ,! ,desc5t ( ,man4       
,s&]son1 !n a bright & =w>d boy (       

f\rte51 0 probably already beg9n+ to    
take notice ( ^! disputes ab\t !        
fundam5tals1 z !y 7 !n consid]$1 ( s\nd 
,*ri/ianity4  ,he 0 already at college  
:5 ,huxley 0 p\nd+ ,glad/one & ! ,duke (
 ,argyll ^u su* issues z :e!r ! fir/    
*apt] ( ,g5esis 0 /rictly p>allel ) !   
kn[n c\rse ( evolution1 & :e!r ! miracle
 ( ! ,gad>5e sw9e 0 a j treatm5t ( !    
,gad>5e sw9eh]ds4 ,s&]son's ,durham &   
,cambridge /udies & talks w5t on amid/ !
 ?und] ( ^! debates1 & !re c be little  
d\bt t 8 e>ly !ology und]w5t mu* b5d+ & 
adaptation to ! new realisations ( ! pa/
 ( man1 & ( human de/9y t ^! discussions
 op5$ out4 ,he did n take holy ord]s b  
he rema9$ 9 ! ,anglican ,*ur*2 manife/ly
 he c\ld /ill f9d a mean+ 9 ! ,fall & 9 
! s*eme ( ,salvation4 ,_m o!r promis+   
tea*]s ( 8 g5]ation f\nd ?is impossible2
 su* m5 z ,graham ,wallas1 = example1   
felt compell$ = consci5ce'-sake to ab&on
 ! public-s*ool tea*+ to :i* !y _h hop$ 
to give _! lives4 ,wallas f\nd scope = 8
 v great gifts ( sugge/ion & inspiration

 9 ! ,london ,s*ool ( ,economics1 b _m  
o!rs ( ^! ,victorian non-jurors 7 lo/ to
 education altoge!r4  ,! criticism ( !  
economic life & social organisation ( t 
age 0 go+ on almo/ p>allel ) !          
de/ruction ( its cosmogony4 ,rusk9's    
,unto ?is ,la/ 0 issu$ :5 ,s&]son 0 f\r 
ye>s old2 ,=s ,clavig]a 0 appe>+ 9 !    
sev5ties & ! e>ly eighties4 ,william    
,morris 0 a little lat] ) ,news f ,n[h]e
 & ,! ,dream ( ,john ,ball2 !y mu/ h    
/ill be5 vividly new books 9 ,s&]son's  
,cambridge days4 ,m>x 0 little he>d ( !n
 9 ,engl&4 ,he 0 already a p[] 9 ,g]man 
socialism 9 ! sev5ties1 b he did n rea* 
! read] ( ,engli% until ! eighties 7    
ne>ly at an end4 ,:5 ,s&]son discuss$   
socialism dur+ ^? ,dulwi* walks1 x mu/ h
 be5 ,rusk9 & ,morris r ?an ,m>x :o     
figur$ 9 8 talk4 ,al?\gh !re rema9s no  
acc\nt ( ^? e>ly conv]sations1 x is easy
 to guess t ?is /ir ( social            
recon/ruction & religi\s readju/m5t mu/ 
h play$ a l>ge "p 9 !m4 ,s&]son meant to
 tea* & want$ to tea*2 he 0 q unlike t  

too common sort ( s*oolma/] :o has fall5
 back into tea*+ aft] ! collapse ( o!r  
ambitions2 l all really s9c]e tea*]s he 
0 eag] to le>n1 op5 to e new & /imulat+ 
idea1 & free altoge!r f ! malignant     
cons]vatism ( ! disappo9t$ type4  ,he   
kept t adolesc5t p[] ( m5tal gr[?       
?r\gh\t life4 ,i rememb] my pleas$      
a/oni%m5t on my fir/ visit to ,oundle to
 f9d 9 8 libr>y--,i _h drift$ to 8      
book%elves :ile ,i await$ him--a r[ ( ! 
works ( ,nietzs*e 7:o came into !       
,engli%-speak+ _w 9 ! late n9eties7 &   
rec5t books by ,b]tr& ,russell & ,%aw4  
,"h 0 a s*oolma/]1 a ,briti% public     
s*oolma/]1 aw>e t ! _w 0 /ill go+ on6 ,x
 seem$ too good to be true4 ,b x 0 true1
 & 9 ! end ,s&]son 0 to die1 t5 ye>s1   
%all we say8--or tw5ty1 ahead ( 8 "t4   
,& :ile we are plac+ ,s&]son 9 relation 
to ! intellectual /ir ( ! age let u     
note1 too1 ! g5]al %ape ( human affairs 
z x 0 pres5t$ to 8 m9d4 ,x 0 an age (   
/eadily accel]at$ political *ange1 & ( a
 va/ increase 9 ! population ( ! _w4 ,! 

fifties & sixties ( ! n9ete5? c5tury _h 
se5 ! _w-wide spread ( ! railway &      
telegraph network1 & a consequ5t op5+ up
 ( va/ regions ( production t _h hi!rto 
la9 fall[4 ,! screw 0 replac+ !         
ineffective paddle-:eel ( ! e>li]       
/eam%ips & revolutionis+ ocean          
transport4 ,!re 0 a great increase 9    
me*anical & agricultural effici5cy4 ,we 
/ill call t "t ! mid-,victorian p]iod1 b
 ! hi/ory tea*] ( ! future1 m s5sible   
?an we are ( ! innoc5ce ( good ,que5    
,victoria 9 any conc]n ( importance to  
mank9d1 is m likely to di/+ui% x z !    
,adv5t ( ! ,new ,communications4 ,^! new
 inv5tions 7 'aboli%+ di/ance4' ,!y 7   
dem&+ a political syn!sis ( mank9d4 ,b  
!re 0 little und]/&+ z yet ( ?is n[     
manife/ tru?4 ,"o h>dly notes a sign (  
any su* aw>5ess 9 lit]ature & public    
discussions until ! end ( ! c5tury2 &   
fail+ a cle> und]/&+ ( _! nature ! new  
expansive =ces op]at$ ?r\gh ! *eap &    
uns\nd int]pretations fir/ ( s5tim5tal  
nationalism & !n ( romantic imp]ialism4 

,s&]son's boyhood saw ! diff]5ces ( !   
cultures ( nor? & s\? 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates 
( ,am]ica at fir/ exac]bat$ by ! new    
means ( communication & !n1 aft] f\r    
ye>s ( civil w>1 resolv$ into a /abl]   
unity4 ,! /raggl+ p59sula ( ,italy "u ! 
sway ( ! new syn!tic =ces recov]$ a     
unity x _h lo/ ) ! decay ( ! ,roman     
roads2 ! int]nal t5sion ( ! cont95tal   
p[]s culm9at$ 9 ! ,franco-,g]man w>4 ,b 
^! 7 insuffici5t adju/m5ts1 & a r5ew$   
gr[? ( armam5ts ^u l& & sea alike1      
betray$ ! gr[+ mutual pressure ( ! great
 p[]s4 ,all dreamt ( expansion & none ( 
coalesc5ce4 ,! dom9ant political fact 9 
,europe :ile ,s&]son 0 a "y man1 0 !    
rise ( ,g]many to political & economic  
pr$om9ance4 ,g]man en]gy1 re/ra9$ f     
geographical release1 drove upw>d along 
! l9es ( sci5tific & te*nical progress1 
& ! outw>d ?ru/ ( its p5t-up imp]ialism 
took ! =m ( a ga!r+ milit>y ?reat4      
,g]many fir/ & !n ! ,unit$ ,/ates1      
releas$ & r5ew$ aft] _! escape f !      
fragm5tation t _h ?reat5$ !m1 made !    

economic pace = ! re/ ( ! _w ?r\gh\t !  
eighties & ! n9eties4 ,!y /irr$ !       
,briti% manufactur] & p>5t to indignant 
inquiries2 !y =c$ ! dr[sy s*ools (      
,great ,brita9 into a reluctant         
admission ( sci5tific & te*nical tea*+4 
,b !y awak5$ z yet no pr(\nd]           
he>t-se>*+s4  ,! "y sci5ce-ma/] at      
,dulwi* talk$1 no d\bt1 z we all did 9  
^? days1 ( ,evolution & ,socialism1 ( ! 
rights ( lab\r & ! ,*ri/ianisation (    
indu/ry1 ( ! progress ( sci5ce & ! sc&al
 ( ! increas+ exp5diture ^u armam5ts1 ) 
! illusion ( an imm5se g5]al /ability 9 
! backgr\nd ( 8 m9d4 ,x 0 an illusion t 
ne$$ n only ! ,great ,w> ( #aiad-ah b   
its illum9at+ sequelae to %att] &       
de/roy4    #c  ,acc\nts ( ,s&]son's "w 9
 ,dulwi* s*ool diff] v widely4 ,at "o "t
 x w\ld seem t he _h tr\bles ab\t       
discipl9e1 & x is q conceivable t 8     
me?ods !re 7 exp]im5tal & fluctuat+4 ,no
 d\bt he 0 try+ ov] at ,dulwi* _m ( !   
?+s t 7 to e/abli% 8 success at ,oundle4
 ,on ! :ole ! ,dulwi* "w 0 good "w1 & x 

gave him suffici5t reputation to secure 
! headma/]%ip ( ,oundle ,s*ool :5       
pres5tly ! gov]n+ body ( t s*ool s\ght a
 man ( en]gy & "* to mod]nise x4  ,! mo/
 valuable result ( 8 ,dulwi* p]iod 0 !  
demon/ration ( ! int]e/+ness ( practical
 "w 9 physical sci5ce = boys :o rema9$  
apa!tic "u ! infliction ( ! /]eotyp$    
classical curriculum4 ,he 0 n gett+ !   
pick ( ! boys !re b ! residue1 b he 0   
gett+ an al]tness & int]e/ out ( ?is    
second-grade mat]ial t surpris$ ev5     
himself4 ,! int]e/ ( ! classical tea*+ 0
 l>gely ! int]e/ ( a spirit$ competition
 :i* dem&$ n only a special sort (      
lit]>y ability b a special sort (       
competitive disposition4 ,b !re are q   
clev] boys ( an amiable type to :om     
competition does n appeal1 & "s ( ^! 7  
among ! mo/ int]e/+ ( ! y\ng/]s :o 7    
awak5$ to indu/ri\s "w by 8 laboratory  
in/ruction4  ,x is cle> t be=e ,s&]son  
w5t to ,oundle he _h already develop$ a 
firm fai? 9 ! possibility ( a s*ool ) a 
new & m v>i$ curriculum1 9 :i* a f>     

great] proportion ( ! boys c\ld be      
int]e/$ 9 _! "w ?an 0 ! case 9 !        
contempor>y classical & 7=mal7          
ma!matical s*ool1 & also t he _h        
conceiv$ ! idea ( replac+ ! competitive 
motive1 :i* _h rul$ ! s*ools ( ,europe  
s9ce ! e/abli%m5t ( ! great ,jesuit     
s*ools ?ree hundr$ ye>s be=e1 by ! m    
vital /imulus ( int]e/ 9 ! "w itself4   
,he also took to ,oundle a prov$ & te/$ 
conception ( ! ne$ = ! utmo/ possible   
p]sonal p>ticipation by e boy 9 e       
collective function ( ! s*ool4 ,q e>ly 9
 8 ,oundle c>e] he came into conflict ) 
8 boys & c>ri$ 8 po9t ^u ! issue :e!r e 
boy 0 to s+ 9 ! s*ool s++ or :e!r t 0 to
 be left to ! specialis$ *oir ( boys :o 
_h voices & a ta/e = t sort ( ?+4 ,t 0  
an ess5tial issue = him4 ,f ! v fir/ he 
0 work+ = ! rank & file & aga9/ ! />    
sy/em ( s*ool "w by :i* a few boys s+ or
 "w or play ) di/9ction & enc\ragem5t1  
aga9/ a backgr\nd ( neglect$ %irk]s &   
defeat$ & disc\rag$ competitors4        
,s&]son m>ri$ soon aft] he w5t to       

,dulwi*4 ,8 wife came f ,cumb]l& & %e   
excell$ 9 all ^? dome/ic matt]s t made a
 successful headma/]'s wife4 ,?r\gh\t   
all ! re/ ( 8 life %e 0 8 loyal &       
passionate p>tisan4 ,8 fri5ds 7 h]      
fri5ds1 & 8 critics & oppon5ts 7 h]     
enemies1 & if %e _h a fault x 0 t %e    
f\nd x difficult to =give any "o :o _h  
seem$ ev] to diff] f him4 ,two sons 7   
born dur+ ! sev5 ye>s t pass$ 9 ! little
 home 9 ,dulwi*4 ,x mu/ h be5 a v brisk 
& happy little home4 ,"o c imag9e ! tall
 "y man ) 8 g[n a little p[d]$ )        
blackbo>d *alk1 fly+ out beh9d him1     
/rid+ along ! s*ool corridors to "s fre%
 & successful exp]im5t 9 laboratory "w1 
or 9 homely twe$s walk+ along ! ,k5ti%  
lanes ) 8 fri5d1 or snat*+ a delightful 
half-h\r 9 ! nurs]y to see ,ma/] ,roy's 
fir/ attempts to walk1 or read+ "s new &
 /irr+ book ) ! lamp ( ^? days be=e     
electric light+ at 8 elb[4 ,he 0        
?irty-five :5 he a*iev$ 8 la/ /ep 9 !   
upw>d c>e] ( a second>y s*oolma/] & 0   
appo9t$ headma/] ( ,oundle4 ,t success  

probably came z a surprise1 = ,s&]son's 
mode/ orig9s & ! fact t he 0 n 9 holy   
ord]s mu/ h be5 a s]i\s h&icap ^u 8     
application4 ,x mu/ h be5 a v elat$ "y  
c\ple :o pack$ _! h\sehold belong+s = ! 
unkn[n t[n ( ,oundle4     ,,*apt] ,,ii  
,,! ,,mod]nisation ,,( ,,oundle ,,s*ool 
#a  ,oundle ,s*ool1 :i* 0 to be !       
mat]ial ( ,s&]son's life "w1 :i* 0 to   
tea* him s mu* & pr(it s ri*ly by !     
reaction1 0 "o ( comp>atively old /&+4  
,x 0 a pre-re=mation f\ndation2 a c]ta9 
,joan ,wyatt hav+ end[$ a s*oolma/] 9 ! 
place 9 #adhe4 ,its ma9 rev5ues1 h[ev]1 
d]iv$ f ,sir ,william ,laxton1 ,"l      
,mayor ( ,london & ,ma/] ( ! ,groc]s'   
,company1 :o 9 #aeef left consid]able   
prop]ty to t body on condition t x      
support$ a s*ool 9 8 native t[n (       
,oundle4 ,! ,groc]s' ,company took ov] !
 ,joan ,wyatt s*ool & s*oolma/]1 & has  
dis*>g$ its obligations to ,oundle )    
int]mitt5t en]gy & hone/y to ?is day4   
,oundle has always be5 a s*ool (        
fluctuat+ =tunes4 ,! di/rict r\nd & ab\t

 does n su/a9 a suffici5t population to 
ma9ta9 full classes & an effici5t /aff1 
& only :5 ! pre/ige ( ! s*ool 0 great   
en\gh to attract boys f a di/ance _h x  
any *ance ( fl\ri%+4 ,"t aft] "t an     
en]getic head ) m or less support f !   
di/ant gov]n+ body w\ld pu% x into      
prom95ce & prosp]ity only to pass away &
 leave x to an equally rapid decl9e4 ,! 
,london ,groc]s' ,company is a v        
unsuitable body = educational "w4 ,x is 
n organis$ = any su* "w4 ,x 0 orig9ally 
a *>t]$ association ( city :olesal]s1   
spice-deal]s1 & s =?1 :o ma9ta9$ a c]ta9
 /&>d ( hone/ trad+ & protect$ _! common
 int]e/s 9 ! middle ages2 x comm5d$     
itself to ! spiritual c>e ( ,/4 ,an?ony1
 & built a great hall & act$ z almon] = 
its impov]i%$ memb]s & _! wid[s &       
orphans2 its normal function to-day is !
 ent]ta9m5t ( pr9ces & politicians4 ,x  
is n[ a =tuit\s collection ( m]*ants1   
bus9ess-m51 & prosp]\s p]sons1 & x is   
only by *ance t n[ & !n a gr\p ( its    
memb]s h _h ! consci5ce & intellig5ce to

 rise above ! normal indiff]5ce ( su* p 
to ! full possibilities ( ! ,laxton     
beque/4 ,g5]ally ! ,company's conduct ( 
! s*ool has v>i$ betwe5 half-he>t$ help 
& neglig5ce & ! div]sion ( ! funds to   
o!r ends2 x has no tradition ( compet5t 
gov]nor%ip1 & ! ups & d[ns ( ,oundle h  
be5 dep5d5t ma9ly ^u ! p]sonal qualities
 ( ! ma/]s :o h *anc$ to be appo9t$4    
,!re 0 a p]iod ( prosp]ity dur+ ! second
 qu>t] ( ! sev5te5? c5tury :i* 0 br\ght 
to an end by ! plague1 & by !           
impov]i%m5t ( ! s*ool ?r\gh ! fire (    
,london 9 :i* v>i\s ,laxton prop]ties 7 
de/roy$4 ,?r\gh\t a l>ge "p ( ! eighte5?
 c5tury ! s*ool 0 completely effac$1 & !
 entire rev5ues ( ! ,laxton beque/ 7 no 
d\bt exp5d$ 9 hospitality4 ,!re 0 a     
revival 9 #agif4 ,9 ! sev5ties ( !      
n9ete5? c5tury ! s*ool 0 do+ well 9     
ma!matics "u a c]ta9 ,dr4 ,/ansbury1 & 9
 ! eighties x _h z _m z two hundr$ boys 
"u ! ,rev4 ,h4 ,/4 ,j4 ,reade4 ,!n x    
decl9$ aga9 until ! numb]s sank bel[ a  
hundr$4 ,x 0 a "t ( quick5$ consci5ces 9

 educational matt]s1 & "s ( ! m en]getic
 & able memb]s ( ! ,groc]s' ,company    
det]m9$ to make a dra/ic *ange (        
conditions at ,oundle4 ,!y f\nd ,s&]son 
ready to _! h&s4    #b  ,! _w is *ang+ s
 rapidly t x may be well to say a few   
words ab\t ! type ( s*ool ,s&]son 0     
de/9$ to r5ovate4 ,ev5 9 ! sev5ties &   
eighties ^! small] 'classical' s*ools _h
 a qua9t old-fa%ion$ air amid/ !        
surr\nd+ l&scape4 ,!y 7 /aff$ by ! less 
vigor\s m5 ( ! univ]sity-s*ol> type2 m5 
( ! poor] educat$ classes 9 orig91 n    
able en\gh to secure any ( ! prizes     
res]v$ = univ]sity successes1 & n       
c\rage\s en\gh to /rike out into ! great
 _w on _! own acc\nt4 ,!y protect$      
!mselves f ! s5se ( inf]iority by an    
exagg]ation ( ! value ( ! s*ool+ &      
discipl9es ?r\gh :i* !y _h gone1 & !y   
ignor$ _! lack ( grasp 9 a wor%ip ( !   
petty accuracies )9 _! capacity4 ,_!    
ambition so>$ at its highe/ to holy     
ord]s & a headma/]%ip1 a com=table h\se1
 a compet5t wife1 dignity1 security1    

ease1 & a c]ta9 celebrity 9             
equation-dodg+ or ! imitation ( ,lat9 & 
,greek compositions4 ,contempor>y life &
 ?\ght ^! wor?y dom9ies reg>d$ ) a l(ty 
scorn4 ,! =mal ma!matical "w1 x is true1
 0 n old] ?an a c5tury or a c5tury & a  
half1 b ! classical tra9+ _h come d[n 9 
an unbrok5 tradition f ! sev5te5?       
c5tury4 ,"o ( ! /aff ( ,oundle :5       
,s&]son took x ov] is describ$ z a      
'wond]ful' classical ma/]4 ',8 ma/]     
passion1' we are told1 '= ,lat9 elegiacs
 & ,greek iambics fir$ _m ( 8 pupils1 ^:
 be/ ef=ts 7 copi$ into a book t bore ! 
title ,inscribatur4' ,^! ex]cises 9     
/]eotyp$ expression 7 go+ on at ,oundle 
"r into ! eighte5-n9eties4 ,!y _h _!    
ju/ification4 ,f ! s*ool ! boys pass$ on
 to ! ,univ]sities ( ,ox=d & ,cambridge1
 :]e sympa!tic exam9+ au?orities aw>d$ !
 great] prizes at _! disposal to ! m    
pr(ici5t ( ^! victims4 ,! ,civil ,s]vice
 ,commission]s by a m>k-rigg+ sy/em t   
w\ld h won ! respect ( an ,am]ican      
election boss1 kept ! ,high] ,division (

 ! ,civil ,s]vice z a pres]ve =         
ignorance 'classically' adorn$4 ,s t !  
s*ool c\ld boa/ ( 'an almo/ un9t]rupt$  
/ream ( s*ol>%ip successes at           
,cambridge' ev5 9 its decl9e 9 ! late   
eighties1 :5 its real educational value 
to ! c\ntry x s]v$ 0 a negative         
quantity4  ,?is sev5te5? c5tury         
'classical' gr9d con/itut$ ! ma9 "w ( ! 
s*ool1 & no o!r subject seems to h be5  
pursu$ ) any indu/ry4 ,mo/ ( ! /aff c\ld
 n draw or use _! h&s prop]ly2 l mo/    
second>y tea*]s ( t "t !y 7 innoc5t (   
educational sci5ce1 & no attempt 0 made 
to tea* e boy to draw4 ,draw+ 0 /ill    
reg>d$ z a 'gift' 9 ^? days4 ,! normally
 intellig5t boy )\t ! peculi> aptitudes 
& pla/icity ne$$ to take ,lat9 elegiacs 
s]i\sly1 _h no educational alt]native   
:atev]4 ,!re 0 no ma!matical tea*+      
beyond l[-grade =mal /uff ( a v bor+    
sort1 & ! only sci5ce available 0 a sort
 ( sci5ce tea*+ put 9 to sil5ce !       
compla9ts ( progressive-m9d$ p>5ts r ?an
 ) any educational int5tion1 sci5ce     

tea*+ t 0 v prop]ly call$ '/9ks4' ,x 0 a
 /9k+ impo/ure4 ,! boy ( good ord9>y    
quality 0 driv5 !re=e to games or       
'hobbies' or mis*ief z an outlet = 8    
en]gies1 z *ance might det]m9e4 ,! s*ool
 build+s be=e ,s&]son 0 appo9t$ 7 z     
cramp$ z ! curriculum2 old boys recall !
 'r$ol5t' aft]noon class-rooms2 !       
,groc]s' ,company 9 its wisdom _h built 
a new ,s*ool-,h\se dur+ ! brief boom "u 
,/4 ,john ,reade1 betwe5 a public h\se  
on ei!r side & a slum at ! back4 ,x mu/ 
h be5 pleasant = ma/] & boys alike to   
escape f ! /uff9ess ( g5]al tea*+ ^u ^! 
premises1 & f ! priggi% exploits 9      
v]sification ( ! 'inspir$' m9ority1 to !
 cricket field4 ,!re "o _h scope2 !re 0 
life4 ,! ,rev4 ,h4 ,/4 ,j4 ,reade1 !    
headma/] 9 ! eighties1 _h be5 ,capta9 ( 
! ,ox=d ,elev51 & drove ! ball h>d & f>1
 to ! admiration ( all behold]s4  ,!    
,rev4 ,mungo ,j4 ,p>k1 :o imm$iately    
prec$$ ,s&]son1 is describ$ z a man (   
consid]able p]sonal dignity1 alo( &     
leisurely1 & greatly respect$ by ! boys4

 ,"u him ! numb] ( ! boys 9 ! s*ool     
decl9$ to few] ?an a hundr$4 ,t dw9dl+  
b& l$ ! normal life ( boys at any small 
public s*ool 9 ,engl&4 ,mo/ ( !m 7      
frightfully bor$ by ! tea*+ ( ! bor$    
ma/]s2 ! wond]ful classical ma/] la%$   
himself p]iodically up to ! infecti\s   
level ( en?usiasm = 8 amaz+ ex]cises2   
!re 0 cribb+ & ragg+ & loaf+1 fe/]+     
curiosities & emotional exp]im5t+1 &1   
?ank ,heav56 games a fell[ c\ld und]/&4 
,if ^! boys le>nt any?+ ( ! m>vell\s new
 vision ( ! _w t mod]n sci5ce 0 unfold+1
 !y le>nt x by _! own private read+ &   
aga9/ ! wi%es ( _! antiquat$ tea*]s4 ,!y
 le>nt no?+ 9 s*ool ( ! outlook (       
contempor>y affairs1 no?+ ( contempor>y 
human "w1 no?+ ( ! social & economic    
sy/em 9 :i* _m ( !m 7 pres5tly to play !
 "p ( capta9s4 ,if !y le>nt any?+ ab\t  
_! bodies x 0 secretly1 furtively1 &    
dirtily4 ,! g5tlem5 9 holy ord]s ^u !   
/aff1 & ! s]mons 9 ! ,oundle p>i% *ur*1 
_h made s\ls incr$ible4 ,!re has be5 mu*
 criticism ( ! devotion to games 9 ^!   

d5s ( m5tal d+9ess1 b games 7 ! only    
hone/ & conclusive ex]cises to be f\nd 9
 !m4 ,f ! sun%9e & reality ( !          
swimm+-pool1 ! boats1 ! cricket or      
football field1 ! boys came back into ! 
ill-v5tilat$ class-rooms to pret5d1 or n
 ev5 to pret5d1 an int]e/ 9 languages n 
m]ely dead1 b n[1 ?r\gh a process (     
d]ivation & imitation f "o g5]ation to  
ano!r1 excessively decay$4 ,! memory (  
s*ool tak5 into aft] life f ^!          
e/abli%m5ts 0 a memory ( go+ f games &  
sun%9e & liv+ int]e/ into class-rooms ( 
twilight1 bad air1 & %am en?usiasm =    
exhau/$ ?+s4    #c  ,s&]son made 8      
application = ! headma/]%ip ( ,oundle at
 an unusually fav\rable "t4 ,!re 7      
sev]al m5 ( exceptional enlight5m5t &   
intellig5ce ^u ! gov]n+ body ( ! s*ool1 
& !y 7 resolv$ to mod]nise ,oundle      
?or\ghly & well4 ,to ! innovators ! v   
unor?odoxy ( ,s&]son's upbr++ &         
qualifications 0 a recomm5dation1 to _! 
oppon5ts !y made him a %ock+ c&idate1 & 
! ,groc]s' ,company 0 r5t 9 twa9 ov] 8  

application4 ,x requires a little ef=t  
n[adays = u to und]/& j h[ undesirable a
 c&idate ?is spectacl$ "y man f ,dulwi* 
mu/ h appe>$ to _m ( ! old] & rip]      
'groc]s4'  ,9 ! fir/ place he 0 n 9 holy
 ord]s1 & x 0 a fix$ belief ( _m p--9   
spite ( ! fact t few ( ! cl]ically-rul$ 
,engli% public s*ools ( t "t c\ld be    
describ$ z hotb$s ( *a/ity--t only      
cl]gym5 9 holy ord]s c\ld ma9ta9 a      
satisfactory moral & religi\s tone4 ,on 
! o!r h&1 he _h be5 a di/+ui%$ !ological
 /ud5t4 ,t1 h[ev]1 might involve h]esy2 
,engli% p h an in/9ctive p]ception ( !  
corrosive effect ( k & intellig5ce ^u   
s\nd dogma4 ,!n he 0 n a public-s*ool   
boy1 & ?is might involve a loss ( social
 atmosph]e m important ev5 ?an religion 
or morals4 ,! almo/ natural grace (     
deportm5t t has ende>$ ! ,engli%        
travell] & ! ,engli% (ficial to !       
=eign]1 & p>ticul>ly to ! subject-races 
?r\gh\t ! _w1 might fail "u 8 direction4
 ,moreov]1 he 0 no cricket]4 ,he _h no  
a?letic di/9ction2 a t]rible come-d[n   

aft] ! ,rev4 ,h4 ,/4 ,j4 ,reade4 ,^! 7  
all grave consid]ations 9 ^? days4      
,aga9/ !m weigh$ ! gr[+ dread ( ,g]man  
effici5cy t 0 already spread+ a :olesome
 mode/y ?r\gh\t ! comm]cial _w (        
,brita94 ,?is "y man f ,dulwi* might br+
 to ,oundle1 x 0 ?\ght1 ! base b        
valuable gifts ( te*nical sci5ce4 ,& !re
 0 app>5t 9 him a livel9ess & en]gy     
uncommon among s*ola/ic applicants4 ,8  
seem$ to be a brac+ p]sonality1 &       
,oundle 0 9 s]i\s ne$ ( a brac+ rgime4  
,! memb]s :o lik$ him lik$ him w>mly1 & 
he r\s$ prejudices z w>m2 feel+ seems to
 h run high at ! decision1 & he 0       
appo9t$ by a majority ( "o4             
,illu/ration3 ,int]ior 9 ,sci5ce ,block 
,! little _w ( ,oundle he>d ( ! new     
appo9tm5t ) mix$ & v>i\s feel+s1 9 :i*  
!re 0 no d\bt a consid]able am\nt (     
res5tm5t4 ,no man becomes headma/] ( an 
e/abli%$ s*ool )\t fac+ _m difficulties4
 ,if he is promot$ f among ! /aff ( 8   
pr$ecessor old disputes & rivalries are 
apt to take on an exagg]at$ importance1 

& if he comes 9 f outside he f9ds a /aff
 dispos$ to a meticul\s def5ce (        
e/abli%$ usage4 ,& ! "y c\ple f ,dulwi* 
came to ! place 9 direct condemnation ( 
its curr5t condition & its be/          
traditions4 ,!re c be no d\bt t at !    
outset ! s*ool & t[n bri/l$ def5sively &
 unpleasantly to ! new-com]s4  ,9 "o    
respect ! old educational ord] _h a     
great advantage ov] ! new t ,s&]son 0 to
 inaugurate4 ,x _h a complet$ tradition1
 & x provid$ ! /&>ds by :i* ! new 0     
tri$4 ,:atev] x taught 0 held to be     
necess>y to education1 & all t x did n  
"k 0 n k4 ,by su* te/s ! equipm5t (     
,s&]son 0 exhibit$ z bo? defective &    
sup]flu\s4 ,moreov]1 ! new sy/em 0      
confess$ly undevelop$ & exp]im5tal4 ,x  
c\ld n be d5i$ t ,s&]son might be mak+  
blund]s1 & t he might h to retrace 8    
/eps4 ,p _h be5 tea*+ ! classics = ?ree 
c5turies2 ! r\t9e _h become s me*anical 
t x 0 done be/ by m5 :o 7 intellectually
 & morally half asleep4 ,x l$ to no?+2  
except 9 v exceptional cases x did n ev5

 lead to a compet5t use ( ei!r ! ,lat9  
or ,greek languages2 x involv$ no       
intellig5t realisation ( hi/ory1 x      
deta*$ ! idea ( philosophy f curr5t     
life1 & x produc$ ! dre>ie/ arti/ic     
,phili/9ism1 b !re 0 a univ]sal         
p]suasion t 9 "s my/ical way x educat$4 
,! me?ods ( tea*+ sci5ce1 on ! o!r h&1 7
 /ill 9 ! exp]im5tal /age1 & _h /ill to 
conv9ce ! _w t ev5 at ! l[e/ levels (   
failure !y con/itut$ a highly b5efic5t  
discipl9e4  ,i d n propose to dis5tangle
 "h ! /ory ( ,s&]son's fir/ sev5 ye>s ( 
difficulty4 ,he f\nd ! s*ool & ! t[n    
sull5 & ho/ile1 & he 0 "y1 eag]1 &      
irascible4 ,! old] boys _h all be5      
promot$ ^u classical qualifications1 !y 
7 saturat$ ) ! old public-s*ool         
tradition t ,s&]son _h come to de/roy1 &
 beh9d !m 7 v>i\s memb]s ( a ho/ile &   
res5tful /aff incit+ !m to ob/ruction & 
mis*ief4 ,nei!r ,mr4 nor ,mrs4 ,s&]son 0
 old en\gh or wise en\gh to disreg>d    
slights or to ignore m]e ge/ures (      
ho/ility4  ,rem9isc5ces ( old boys 9 !  

(ficial life give u glimpses ( ! way 9  
:i* ! old ord] f\ght aga9/ ! new4       
,ev]y?+ 0 done to emphasise ! fact t    
,s&]son 0 'no g5tleman1' 'no sportsman1'
 'no cricket]1' 'no s*ol>4' ,x is !     
de>e/ delusion ( snobs ev]y:]e t able m5
 :o h made _! way 9 ! _w are incapable (
 acquir+ a valet's k ( :at is correct 9 
dress & deportm5t1 & ! d>k leg5d 0      
spread t he wore a flannel %irt ) a sort
 ( false front call$ a 'dicky' &        
deta*able cuffs1 9 place ( ! ev5+ %irt (
 ! g5teel4 ,moreov]1 8 dress tie 0      
report$ to be a made-up tie4 ,unless he 
is to undress 9 public ,i d n see h[ a  
man "u suspicion is to rebut su* s9i/]  
sc&als4 ,! boys1 ) ! help & enc\ragem5t 
( sev]al memb]s ( ! /aff1 made up a     
satirical play full ( ! puns & classical
 tags & anci5t v5]able turns ( hum\r    
usual 9 su* compositions1 aga9/ ?is     
,b>b>ian invad] & 8 new laboratories4 ,x
 0 ! mock trial ( an inc5di>y f\nd try+ 
to burn d[n ! new laboratories4 ,x 0    
'full ( env5om$ & insult+ ref]5ces' to  

all ! new headma/] 0 suppos$ to hold    
de>4 ,f9ally x 0 rehe>s$ be=e him4 ,he  
sat brood+ ov] x ?\ghtfully1 z %aft aft]
 %aft 0 laun*$ aga9/ him4 ',x didn't    
seem s funny !n1' said my in=mant1 'z x 
_h done :5 we prep>$ x4' ,x w5t to a    
'ragg$ & unconv9c$ applause4' ,at ! end 
'came a pause--a /illness t c\ld be     
felt4' ,! headma/] sat ) d[nca/ face1   
?9k+4  ,i suppose he 0 *iefly busy      
reckon+ h[ soon he w\ld be rid ( ?is    
ho/ile g5]ation ( eld] boys4 ,!y _h to  
g4 ,x 0 a pity1 b no?+ 0 to be done )   
!m4 ,! s*ool _h to gr[ out ( !m1 z x _h 
to gr[ out ( its disloyal /aff4  ,he    
rose sl[ly 9 8 seat4 ',boys1 we w reg>d 
?is z ! f9al p]=mance1' he said1 &      
dep>t$ ?\ghtfully1 mak+ no fur!r comm5t4
 ,he took no action 9 ! matt]1 attempt$ 
nei!r repro( nor puni%m5t4 ,he dropp$ ! 
matt] ) a magnific5t contempt4 ,&1 says 
! old boy :o tells ! /ory1 f t "t ! _s (
 ! s*ool seem$ to *ange 9 8 fav\r4 ,!   
old ord] _h dis*>g$ its v5om4 ,! boys   
began to realise ! true value ( ! =ces (

 spite & indol5t ob/ructiv5ess ) :i* _! 
y\? 0 9 alliance4    #d  ,n always did  
,s&]son c>ry ?+s (f ) an equal dignity4 
,8 temp]am5t 0 *ol]ic1 & ev] & aga9 8   
sm\ld]+ indignation at ! ob/9ate folly &
 jeal\sy t hamp]$ 8 "w blaz$ out        
viol5tly4 ,dignifi$ sil5ce is impossible
 z a p]man5t pose = a tea*] ^: duty is  
to express & direct4 ,s&]son's bus9ess 0
 to get ideas into resi/+ heads2 he 0 n 
a born orator b a confus$1 abundant     
speak]1 & he _h to scold1 to ?ru/ /range
 say+s at !m1 to =ce _! inatt5tion1 to  
beat d[n an answ]+ ridicule4 ,he 0 (t5  
simply & s9c]ely wra?ful ) !m1 & 9 8    
e>ly ye>s he ?ra%$ a great deal4 ,he    
?ra%$ h>d & clumsily 9 a :ite-heat (    
passion--'a hail ( swi%+ /rokes t seem$ 
almo/ to envelop "o4' ,a newspap] or    
copybook at ! normal c5tre ( infliction 
avail$ b little4 ,cuts fell ev]y:]e on  
back or legs or f+]s4 ,he _h be5 sorely 
tri$1 he _h be5 ov]tri$4 ,x 0 a sort (  
he>tbreak ( bl[s4  ,! boys argu$        
mightily ab\t ^! unor?odox swi%+s4 ,x 0 

all a "p ( ,s&]son be+ a /range creature
 & n 9 ! tradition4 ,x 0 lucky no "o 0  
ev] injur$4 ,b !y f\nd some?+ 9 _! own  
unreg5]ate natures t made !m und]/& &   
sympa?ise ) ?is eag]1 ?w>t$ /rang] & 8  
?und]/orms ( ang]4 ,g5]ally he 0 a g5ial
 p]son1 & t1 too1 !y recognis$4 ,x is   
manife/ q e>ly 9 ! /ory t ,s&]son       
int]e/$ 8 boys z 8 pr$ecessor _h nev]   
done4 ,!y discuss$ 8 motives1 8 /range  
say+s1 8 peculi> locutions ) accumulat+ 
curiosity4 ,two sorts ( s*oolma/]s boys 
respect3 ^? :o are completely dignifi$ &
 opaque to !m1 & ^? :o are transp>5t    
en\gh to %[ hone/y at ! core4 ,s&]son 0 
transp>5tly hone/4 ,if he 0 n pomp\sly  
dignifi$ he 0 also extraord9>ily free f 
vanity2 & if he ?ru/ "w & toil ^u 8 boys
 x 0 at any rate n to sp>e himself t he 
did s4 ,& he won !m also by 8 wond]ful  
tea*+4 ,9 ! e>ly days he did a lot ( !  
sci5ce tea*+ himself2 lat] on ! s*ool   
grew too big = him to d any ( ?is4 ,all 
! old boys ,i h be5 able to consult     
agree t 8 class in/ruction 0 magnific5t4

  ,e ye> 9 ! hi/ory ( ,s&]son's         
headma/]%ip %[s a gr[+ und]/&+ betwe5 ! 
boys & himself4 ',beans1' !y call$ him1 
b e ye> x 0 less & less necess>y to     
',give 'm ,beans1' z ! vulg> say4 ,!    
tale ( /orms & ?ra%+s dw9dles until x   
vani%es f ! /ory4 ,9 ! la/ decade ( 8   
rule !re 0 h>dly any corporal puni%m5t  
at all4 ,! :ole s*ool z "t w5t on grew  
into a humor\s affectionate appreciation
 ( 8 g5ius4 ,x 0 a sunny1 humor\s s*ool 
:5 ,i knew x2 !re 0 little h>%ness & no 
d>k corn]s4 ,no boy _h be5 expell$ = a  
long "t4    #e  ,! (ficial life gives a 
diagram & p>ticul>s ( ! gr[? ( ! s*ool  
dur+ ,s&]son's "t1 & !re is no ne$ to   
repeat ^? p>ticul>s "h4 ,f #ahib to     
#aijj !re 0 no v rem>kable increase 9 ! 
numb] ( boys2 x rose f n9ety-odd to a   
hundr$ & tw5ty or s4 ,!n z ,s&]son's    
grip became sure !re foll[$ a rapid     
expansion4  ,f #aijj onw>ds ,oundle grew
 ab\t z fa/ z x 0 possible to gr[4 ,new 
laboratories 7 built1 new subjects      
introduc$ s z to furni% a wid] & wid]   

v>iety ( c\rses to meet su* intellectual
 types z ! s*ool _h hi!rto fail$ to     
int]e/4 ,!re 0 a great developm5t (     
biological & agricultural "w f ab\t     
#aiji onw>d4 ,! att5tion giv5 to art    
increas$1 & !re 0 a great *ange &       
revolution 9 ! hi/ory tea*+4 ,by #aibj !
 numb]s ( ! s*ool 7 so>+ up t[>ds six   
hundr$4 ,he want$ !m to g to eight      
hundr$1 because he /ill want$ to        
increase ! v>iety ( c\rses1 & ! l>g]    
numb]s gave a bett] prospect ( classify+
 out ! boys effectively & mak+ sure t   
ea* c\rse ( /udies 0 suffici5tly att5d$ 
to keep x active & effici5t4  ,! pre/ige
 ( ! s*ool grew ev5 m rapidly ?an its   
size4 ,f #aije onw>d ! inquir+ p>5t :o  
want$ some?+ m ?an s*ool games & esprit 
de corps 0 sure to he> ( ,oundle4  ,&   
,s&]son 0 gr[+ ) 8 s*ool4 ,e in/allm5t (
 success /imulat$ him to new exp]im5ts &
 fre% innovations4 ,no "o le>nt s mu* at
 ,oundle z he did1 & x is ) t gr[? ( 8  
conception ( s*ool me?od & 8 wid5+      
vision ( ! s*oolma/]'s rle 9 ! _w t we  

mu/ n[ proce$ to deal4     ,,*apt] ,,iii
  ,,! ,,replacem5t ,,( ,,competition    
,,by ,,gr\p ,,"w    #a  ,:5 ,s&]son fir/
 came to ,oundle 8 ideas seem to h      
diff]$ f ! normal s*ola/ic op9ion ( 8 "t
 ma9ly 9 8 conviction ( ! int]e/+ness & 
attractiv5ess ( real sci5tific "w = _m  
types ( boys t ! e/abli%$ classical &   
/yli/ic ma!matical tea*+ fail$ to grip4 
,he develop$ ^! new aspects ( s*ool "w1 
& 8 e>lie/ success lay 9 ! fact t he got
 a high] p]c5tage ( boys int]e/$ &      
active 9 s*ool "w ?an 0 usual else:]e1 &
 t ! report ( ?is & ! report ( 8        
:olesome & /imulat+ p]sonality spread   
into ! _w ( anxi\s p>5ts4 ,b x e>ly     
became evid5t to him t ! new subjects   
necessitat$ me?ods ( h&l+ 9 vivid       
contra/ to ! me?ods /]eotyp$ = !        
classical & ma!matical c\rses4  ,!re h  
be5 ?ree *ief phases 9 ! hi/ory (       
educational me?od 9 ! la/ five c5turies1
 ! phase ( compulsion1 ! phase (        
competition1 & ! phase ( natural int]e/4
 ,!y ov]lap & m+le4 ,m$ieval tea*+ be+  

l>gely 9 ! h&s ( celibates1 :o _h       
acquir$ no natural und]/&+ ( *ildr5 & "y
 p1 & :o f\nd !m extremely irritat+1    
irksome1 or excit+1 0 /upid & brutal 9 !
 extreme4 ,"y p 7 driv5 along a /raight 
& n>r[ road to a sort ( prison ( du/y k 
by tea*]s almo/ z di/ress$ z !mselves4  
,! m$ieval s*ool w5t on to ! *ant (     
rote-le>n+ ) an accompanim5t ( bl[s1    
insults1 & degradations ( ! dunce-cap   
type4 ,! ,jesuit s*ools1 to :i* !       
,briti% public s*ools owe s mu*1 s\ght a
 human motive 9 vanity & competition2 !y
 turn$ to rew>ds1 di/9ctions1 &         
competitions4 ,sir ,francis ,bacon      
recomm5d$ !m ju/ly z ! model s*ools ( 8 
"t4 ,! class-li/ ) its pitiless         
relegation ( two-?irds ( ! class to     
self-consci\s m$iocrity & duff]dom 0 !  
symbol ( ?is second1 slightly m         
enlight5$ phase4 ,! s*ool ( ! rod gave  
place to ! s*ool ( ! class-li/4 ,an     
ari/ocracy ( lead+ boys made ! pace & ! 
re/ ( ! s*ool f\nd its comp5sation 9    
games or misbehavi\r4 ,s long z ! sole  

subjects ( in/ruction rema9$ two dead   
languages & =mal ma!matics1 subjects    
ess5tially unappetis+ to sanely         
con/itut$ boys1 !re 0 little prospect ( 
gett+ s*ool me?od beyond ?is po9t4  ,by 
! end ( ! eighte5? c5tury s*oolma/]s 7  
beg9n+ to realise :at mo/ mo!rs "k by   
in/9ct1 t !re is 9 all "y p a curiosity1
 a drive to "k1 an impulse to le>n1 t is
 available = educational ends1 & has    
/ill to be prop]ly exploit$ =           
educational ends4 ,x is n )9 our pres5t 
scope to discuss ,pe/alozzi1 ,froebel1 &
 ! o!r great pione]s 9 ?is ?ird phase ( 
education4 ,ne>ly all *ildr5 c be ke5ly 
int]e/$ 9 "s subject1 & !re are "s      
subjects t appeal to ne>ly all *ildr54  
,directly y cease to insi/ ^u a p>ticul>
 type ( a*ievem5t 9 a p>ticul> l9e (    
atta9m5t1 directly y\r s*ool gets out ( 
! n>r[ lane & moves across op5 pa/ure1 x
 goes =w>d ( its own accord4 ,!         
class-li/ & ! rod1 s necess>y 9 ! du/y  
fury ( ! lane1 cease to be necess>y4 ,9 
! effective realisation ( ?is ,s&]son 0 

a lead]4  ,= a "t he let ! classical &  
lit]>y "w ( ! s*ool run on ^u ! old     
competition-compulsion1 class-li/ l9es4 
,= "s ye>s he does n seem to h realis$ !
 possibility ( *anges 9 ^! fields4 ,b f 
! fir/ 9 8 me*anical tea*+ & v soon 9   
ma!matics ! "w ceas$ to h ! =m ( a l9e (
 boys all rac+ to acquire an id5tical   
p>cel ( k1 & took on ! =m m & m ( clu/]s
 ( boys surr\nd+ an attractive problem4 
,!re grew up out ( ! s*ool ,sci5ce a    
p]iodic display1 ! ,sci5ce              
,conv]sazione1 9 :i* gr\ps ( y\ng/]s    
display$ exp]im5ts & collections !y _h  
co-op]at$ to produce4 ,lat] on a ,junior
 ,conv]sazione develop$4 ,^!            
conv]saziones %[ ! ,oundle _s 9 its mo/ 
typical expression4 ,s&]son d]iv$ mu* f 
! zeal & int]e/ ^! gr\ps ( boys         
display$4 ,he realis$ h[ mu* f9] & h[   
mu* m fruitful 0 ! mutual /imulation ( a
 common end ?an ! vulg> ef=t = a class  
place4 ,! clev] boy "u a class-li/ sy/em
 loves ! %irk] & ! dull>d :o make !     
runn+ easy1 b a gr\p ( boys work+ = a   

common end display little pati5ce )     
%irk+4 ,! /imulus is mu* m intimate1 & x
 gr[s4 ,jones m9or is told to play up1  
exactly z he is told to play up 9 !     
play+ field4  ,9 ! summ] t]m !          
conv]sazione 9 its fully develop$ =m    
took up a l>ge "p ( ! en]gy ( ! s*ool4  
,says ! (ficial life3  ',all ! s5ior    
boys 9 ! s*ool 7 eligible = ?is "w1 !   
only qualification necess>y be+ a       
will+ness to "w & to sacrifice "s1 at   
lea/1 ( "o's free "t4 ,!re 0 nev] any   
de>? ( will+ work]s1 ! total numb] (t5  
exce$+ two hundr$4 ,! *ief divisions ( !
 conv]sazione 73 ,physics & ,me*anics2  
,*emi/ry2 ,biology2 & ,work%ops4 ,a boy 
:o volunte]$ to help 0 left free to     
*oose :i* bran* he w\ld adopt4 ,hav+    
*os51 he gave 8 "n to ! ma/] 9 *>ge2 if 
he _h any p>ticul> exp]im5t 9 view1 he  
m5tion$ x1 & if suitable1 x 0 allott$ to
 him4 ,if he _h no sugge/ion1 an        
exp]im5t 0 sugge/$1 & he 0 told :]e     
in=mation c\ld be obta9$4 ,z a g5]al    
rule two or ?ree boys work$ toge!r at   

any "o exp]im5t4  ',"s ( ! exp]im5ts    
*os5 requir$ weeks ( prep>ation2 !re 0  
app>atus to be made & fitt$ up1         
in=mation to be s\ght & absorb$1 s t on 
! f9al day an intellig5t acc\nt c\ld be 
giv5 to any visitor wat*+ ! exp]im5t4   
,?is "w 0 all done out ( s*ool h\rs4    
,f\r or five days be=e ,spee* ,day1     
ord9>y s*ool lessons ceas$ = ^? tak+ "p 
9 ! conv]sazione2 ! laboratories1       
class-rooms1 & work%ops 7 portion$ out s
 t ea* boy knew exactly :]e he 0 to "w1 
& h[ mu* space he _h4 ,! sett+ up ( !   
exp]im5ts began4 ,to any "o visit+ !    
s*ool on ^! p>ticul> days x mu/ h seem$ 
9 a /ate ( utt] confusion1 boys w&]+    
ab\t 9 all directions app>5tly "u no    
sup]vision1 & (t5 to all appe>ances ) no
 purpose4 ,a p>ty might be met ) a      
jam-j> & fi%+-net ne> ! riv]2 o!rs might
 be f\nd miles away on bicycles1 go+ to 
a place :]e "s p>ticul> fl[] might be   
f\nd4 ,?ree or f\r boys w\ld appe> to be
 sma%+ up an eng9e & scatt]+ its p>ts 9 
all directions1 :ile o!rs c\ld be se5   

:eel+ a b>r[-load ( bricks or try+ to   
mix a hod ( mort>4 ,gradually a c]ta9   
am\nt ( ord] appe>$1 "s exp]im5ts 7 tri$
 & f\nd to "w satisfactorily1 o!rs      
fail$1 & inve/igation into ! cause (    
failure _h to be c>ri$ out4 ,z ! f9al   
day approa*$ excitem5t increas$1 frantic
 telegrams 7 s5t to "k1 = example1 if ! 
liquid air _h be5 despat*$1 frequ5t     
visits to ! railway-/ation 7 made 9 !   
hopes ( f9d+ "s p>cel _h arriv$2        
sometimes x 0 ev5 necess>y to motor to  
,pet]bor\gh to pick up mat]ial :i*      
o!rwise w\ld arrive too late4 ,a        
programme giv+ a %ort description ( !   
exp]im5t or exhibit _h to pass ?r\gh !  
pr9t]'s h&s4 ,at la/ ev]y?+ w\ld be     
ready2 occasionally1 b v seldom1 an     
exp]im5t _h to be ab&on$ or ano!r       
sub/itut$ at ! la/ mom5t4'  ,! ye> #aije
 m>k$ a phase 9 ! co-op]ative sy/em ( "w
 on ! me*anical side ) ! ma*9+ &        
erection ( a six-horse-p[] rev]s+ eng9e1
 design$ = a m>9e eng9e ( #cejj         
horse-p[]4 ,ca/+s & draw+s 7 suppli$ by 

! ,nor? ,ea/]n ,m>9e ,eng9e]+ ,works4 ,!
 eng9e 0 a triumphant success1 & !reaft]
 a numb] ( eng9es has be5 built by gr\ps
 ( boys4 ,concurr5tly ) ?is /eady       
replacem5t ( ! in/ructional-ex]cise     
sy/em by ! gr\p-activity sy/em1 !       
ma!matical "w became less & less a s]ies
 ( ex]cises 9 /yle & m & m an attack ^u 
problems ne$+ solution 9 ! work%ops &   
laboratories1 ) ! solution z ! real     
inc5tive to ! "w4 ,^! dips into         
practical application gave a great      
/imulus to ! =mal ma!matical tea*+1 = ! 
boys realis$ z !y c\ld nev] h done      
o!rwise ! value ( su* "w z a            
'tool-%>p5+' ex]cise ( ultimately real  
value4    #b  ,q e>ly 9 8 ,oundle days  
,s&]son display$ 8 disposition t[>ds    
collective z aga9/ solit>y activity 9 8 
deal+s ) ! s*ool music4 ,:5 he came to !
 s*ool ! 'musical' boys 7 segregat$ f ! 
non-musical 9 a *oir2 ! re/ li/5$ 9     
consci\s exclusion & inf]iority4 ,b f ! 
outset he set himself to make ! :ole    
s*ool s+ & att5d to music4 ,! few boys )

 bad e>s 7 c>ri$ along ) ! g5]al flood2 
! discord !y made 0 lo/ 9 ! mass effect4
 ,t[>ds ! end a v great proportion ( !  
boys 7 ke5 li/5]s to & acute critics (  
music4 ,!y w\ld cr[d into ! ,great ,hall
 on ,sunday ev5+s to li/5 to ! organ    
recital ) :i* t day usually conclud$4   
#c  ,pres5tly ,s&]son began to apply !  
lessons he _h le>nt f gr\p+ boys =      
sci5tific "w to lit]ature & hi/ory4 ,mo/
 ( u c /ill recall ! extraord9>y        
dre>9ess ( s*ool lit]ature tea*+2 !     
lesson t 0 a ?ird-rate lecture1 !       
note-tak+1 ! rehe>sal ( silly op9ions   
ab\t books unread & au?ors unkn[n1 !    
horrible annotat$ editions1 ! /ill m    
horrible text-books ( lit]ature4 ,s&]son
 set himself to sweep all ?is away4 ,a  
play1 he held1 0 prim>ily to be play$1 &
 ! way to "k & und]/& x 0 to play x4 ,! 
boys mu/ be ca/ = p>ts & le>n ab\t ! o!r
 *>act]s 9 relation to ! "o !y _h tak54 
,que/ions ( language & syntax1 que/ions 
( int]pretation1 c\ld be dealt ) be/ 9  
relation to ! production4 ,b mo/ classes

 _h f> too _m boys to be treat$ z a s+le
 !atrical company1 s small gr\ps ( boys 
7 ca/ = ea* "p4 ,!re w\ld be ?ree or f\r
 ,o!llos1 ?ree or f\r ,desdemonas or    
,iagos4 ,!y w\ld act _! p>ts            
simultane\sly or successively4 ,! ?+    
might or might n rip5 into a *os5 ca/   
giv+ a co/ume p]=mance 9 public4 ,!     
important ?+ is t ! boys 7 br\ght into !
 mo/ active contact possible ) ! reality
 ( ! "w !y /udi$4 ,! gr\ps discuss$ /age
 'bus9ess' & ge/ure & ! precise /ress to
 lay on ?is or t phrase4 ,! ma/] /ood l 
a produc] 9 ! auditorium ( ! ,great     
,hall4 ,let any "o comp>e ! vitality ( t
 sort ( ?+ ) ! ord9>y lesson f an       
annotat$ text-book4  ,! gr\p sy/em 0    
ext5d$ ) increas+ effectiv5ess into m & 
m ( ! lit]>y & hi/orical "w4 ,"h !      
,s*ool ,libr>y took ! place ( !         
laboratory & 0 inde$ z necess>y to !    
effective developm5t ( ! gr\p me?od4 ,! 
(ficial life ( ,s&]son gives a typical  
s*eme ( op]ations pursu$ 9 ! case ( a =m
 /udy+ ! p]iod #aghc-aije4 ,! subject 0 

fir/ divid$ up into p>ts1 su* z ! /ate (
 affairs prec$+ ! ,fr5* ,revolution2 !  
,fr5* ,revolution 9 relation to ,engl&2 
! indu/rial sy/em & economic problems   
g5]ally2 & s on4 ,! =m divid$ up into   
gr\ps & ea* gr\p select$ a "p or a      
section ( a "p = its /udy4 ,! objective 
( ea* gr\p 0 ! prep>ation ( a report1   
illu/rat$ by maps1 s*$ules1 & s =?1 ^u !
 section x _h /udi$4 ,aft] a prelim9>y  
survey ( ! :ole field "u ! direction ( a
 ma/]1 ea* boy foll[$ up ! p>ticul>     
matt] assign$ to him by individual read+
 = a t]m1 supplem5t$ :5 necess>y by     
consultation ) ! ma/]4 ,!n came !       
prep>ation ( maps & o!r mat]ial1 !      
assembl+ ( illum9at+ quotations f !     
books /udi$1 ! draft+ ( ! gr\p's report1
 ! discussion ( ! report4 ,9 "s cases   
:]e ! gr\p 0 9 disagreem5t !re w\ld be a
 m9ority report4  ,9 ?is way !re 0      
sc>cely a boy 9 ! =m :o did n feel      
himself contribut+ & necess>y to ! g5]al
 result1 & :o 0 n call$ ^u n m]ely by 8 
ma/] b by 8 colleagues1 = "s special    

ex]tion4 ,x might be ?\ght t !          
dep>tm5talis+ ( ! subject among gr\ps   
w\ld mean t ! k w\ld accumulate 9       
pockets1 b ?is 0 n ! case4 ,boys (      
sep>ate gr\ps talk$ ) "o ano!r ( _! "w &
 f\nd a lively int]e/ 9 _! diff]5t po9ts
 ( view4 ,x is r>e t boys :o h receiv$ !
 same lesson c f9d mu* 9 x to talk ab\t1
 unless x is a comp>ison ( :o has reta9$
 mo/1 b a boy :o has be5 prep>+ maps ( !
 ,napoleonic milit>y campaigns may f9d !
 livelie/ int]e/ 9 ano!r :o has be5     
foll[+ ! hi/ory ( ! same p]iod f ! po9t 
( view ( sea p[]4 ,!re 0 inde$ a v      
consid]able am\nt ( int]*ange1 & :5 x   
came to fac+ ext]nal exam9]s & te/+ !   
g5]al k atta9$1 ! ,oundle boys 7 f\nd to
 comp>e fav\rably ) boys :o _h be5      
drumm$ 9 troops ?r\gh complete hi/ories 
( ! *os5 p]iod4  ,?is gr\p sy/em ( "w _h
 aris5 naturally out ( ! conditions ( ! 
new laboratory tea*+1 & x _h be5        
develop$ = ! sake ( its educational     
effectiv5ess2 b z x grew x became m & m 
evid5t to ,s&]son t its effects w5t f>  

beyond m]e intellectual atta9m5t4 ,x    
m>k$ a pr(\nd *ange 9 ! _s ( ! s*ool4 ,x
 0 n only t ! _s ( co-op]ation _h come  
94 ,t _h already be5 pres5t on ! cricket
 & football fields4 ,b ! boys 7 work+ to
 make some?+ or to /ate some?+ & n to   
ga9 some?+4 ,x 0 ! _s ( creation t n[   
p]vad$ ! s*ool4  ,& he p]ceiv$1 too1 t !
 boys he w\ld n[ be s5d+ out into ! _w  
mu/ ne$s c>ry t creative _s ) !m & play 
a v diff]5t "p f ! ambiti\s /> boys :o  
w5t on f a tra9+ "u ! old] me?ods4 ,!y  
w\ld play an z yet incalculable "p 9    
r$eem+ ! _w f ! wild orgy ( competition 
t 0 n[ afflict+ x4 ,9 "o ( 8 v          
*>act]i/ic s]mons he gave 8 rip5$       
conception ( ?is side ( 8 "w4 ,he _h be5
 speak+1 p]haps ) a c]ta9 idealisation1 
( ! old craftsm5's guilds--) a glance or
 s at ! ,groc]s' ,company4 ,! s*ool1 he 
decl>$1 0 to be no long] an ar5a b a    
guild4 ,= :at 0 a guild8  ',a community 
( co-work]s & no competition1 t 0 its   
idea4 ,x is all bas$ on ! sy/em (       
appr5tice%ips & co-work]s4 ,! appr5tices

 help$ ! ma/]s 9 e way !y c\ld2 ev5 !   
ma/]s 7 gr\p$ toge!r = mutual assi/ance 
& 7 call$ assi/ants4 ,! ,company 0 a    
my/]y or guild ( craftsm5 & deal]s1 & _!
 aim 0 to produce good craftsm5 & good  
deal]s4  ',to-day1 9 ^! days ( r5asc5ce1
 we return to ! aim & me?ods ( ! guilds4
 ,boys are to be appr5tices &           
ma/]-work]s & co-work]s4 ,9 a community 
?is ne$s mu/ be4 ,we are call$ to a     
def9ite "w1 all :o are privileg$ to     
att5d "h1 /aff & boys alike--! "w (     
infus+ life into ! boys committ$ to our 
c>e4 ,nor c any "o /& out ( ?is & seek  
"w else:]e4 ,nemesis sets 9 = all :o try
 to live = !mselves alone4 ,!y may try  
to "w--b _! "w is /]ile4 ,! community   
calls = ! en]gies & activities ( all4   
,we are beg9n+ to le>n some?+ ( :at ?is 
means4 ,x does n mean an ab&onm5t ( !   
be/ me?ods ( ! pa/4 ,b x does mean t we 
h to conc]n ourselves ) ! press+ ne$s & 
problems ( to-day1 & jo9 9 ! "w4 ,i d n 
dwell on ?is n[4 ,my m9d goes (f to !   
possible effect ( ^! ideas on ! g5]al   

life ( ! s*ool4  ',! work+ ( ^! ideas is
 well se5 already 9 ! outdoor life ( !  
s*ool4 ,we see x :5 h\ses are gett+ _!  
teams toge!r to jo9 a competition = a   
%ield1 say4 ,we see ! mutual help1 !    
volunt>y practice1 ! consultations ( !  
capta9 ) o!rs4 ,we see x 9 ! "w 9 !     
,cadet ,corps4 ,we see x 9 ! prep>ation 
= a play--?is "t1 ! ,midsumm] ,night's  
,dream4 ,we see x 9 ! new "w 9 ! libr>y1
 & we see x z cle>ly z 9 any?+ 9 !      
prep>ation = a conv]sazione4 ,no m      
valuable tra9+ c be giv5 ?an ?is        
la/--well wor? all ! _m k9ds ( sacrifice
 x entails4 ,f x1 at any rate1 ! _s (   
competition is1 ,i ?9k1 altoge!r remov$4
 ,boys1 we believe1 set =? to d _! "w z 
well z !y possibly c--b n to beat "o    
ano!r4444 ,i dwell ^u ^! ?+s because we 
hope t all boys w become work]s at la/1 
) int]e/ & zeal1 9 "s "p ( ! field (    
creation & inquiry1 :i* is ! true life (
 ! _w4 ,x is f su* work]s1 inve/igators1
 se>*]s1 ! s\l ( ! nation is drawn4 ,we 
w fir/ ( all trans=m ! life ( ! s*ool1  

!n ! boys1 gr[n into m5--& girls f _!   
s*ools gr[n into wom5--:om _! s*ools h  
enli/$ into ?is s]vice1 w trans=m ! life
 ( ! nation & ( ! :ole _w4'     ,,*apt] 
,,iv  ,,! ,,re-,,e/abli%m5t ,,(         
,,relations ,,betwe5 ,,s*ool ,,&        
,,reality    #a  ,9 ! previ\s *apt] ,i h
 told h[ ,s&]son 0 taught by 8          
laboratories & libr>y ! possibility ( a 
new type ( s*ool ) a new _s1 & h[ he    
grew to realise t an organisation ( su* 
new s*ools1 a multiplication ( ,oundles1
 mu/ necess>ily produce a new _s 9      
social & indu/rial life4 ,concurr5tly ) 
t1 ! obvi\s implications ( appli$ sci5ce
 7 also direct+ 8 m9d to ! close        
reaction betwe5 s*ools & ! organisation 
( ! economic life ( ! community4  ,x is 
amus+ to reflect t ,s&]son probably ow$ 
8 appo9tm5t at ,oundle to ! simple      
desire ( v>i\s memb]s ( ! ,groc]s'      
,company = a good s*ool ( te*nical      
sci5ce4 ,!y did n want any *ange 9      
!mselves1 !y did n want any *ange 9 ! _w
 nor 9 ! me?ods ( trad+ & employm5t1 b  

!y did want to see _! sons & directors &
 manag]s equipp$ ) ! %>p]1 m mod]n edge 
( a te*nical sci5tific tra9+4 ,g]many _h
 fright5$ !m4 ,if ?is new tra9+ c\ld be 
te*nical )\t sci5ce & mod]n )\t         
lib]ality1 s mu* ! bett]4 ,s ! bus9ess  
man br\ght 8 ideas to be> ^u ,oundle1 to
 produce q beyond 8 expectation a       
c\nt](f5sive ( ! s*ool ^u bus9ess       
organisation & me?ods4 ,oundle built its
 eng9es1 organis$ itself z an effici5t  
munitions factory dur+ ! w>1 made useful
 *emical inquiries1 ext5d$ its "w into  
agriculture1 analys$ soils & manures = !
 f>m]s ( its di/rict1 ran a f>m & did   
mu* able compet5t te*nical "w1 b x also 
set itself to f9d out :at 7 ! aims &    
processes ( bus9ess & :at 7 ! reactions 
( ^! processes ^u ! life ( ! community4 
,f ! laboratory a boy w\ld g to a c>eful
 exam9ation ( lab\r conditions "u !     
light ( ,rusk9's ,unto ,?is ,la/2 he 0  
br\ght to a balanc$ & discrim9at+       
attitude t[>ds /rikes & lock-outs2 he 0 
con/antly rem9d$ t ! end ( indu/ry is n 

pr(its b life--a m abundant life = m54  
,z "o reads ?r\gh ! s]mons & addresses t
 are giv5 9 ,s&]son ( ,oundle "o f9ds a 
/eadily gr[+ consci\sness ( ! fact t !re
 0 a consid]able & increas+ proportion (
 ,oundle boys de/9$ to become ma/]s1    
manag]s1 & lead]s 9 indu/rial & bus9ess 
life1 & ) t gr[+ consci\sness !re is a  
gr[+ det]m9ation t ! s*ool "w !y d %all 
be some?+ v f> beyond ! acquisition (   
money-gett+ dodges & devices &          
comm]cialis$ views ( sci5ce4 ,m & m does
 he see ! s*ool n z a tra9+ gr\nd ( sm>t
 m5 = ! _w t is1 b z a prelim9>y work+  
model ( ! _w t is to be4  ,two          
quotations f two ( ,s&]son's s]mons w   
s]ve to m>k h[ vigor\sly he is tugg+    
back ! ,engli% s*ools f ! g5tlemanly    
alo(ness ( s*ol>%ip & s*ool-games to a  
real relation%ip to ! curr5t disord] (  
life1 & h[ high he meant to c>ry !m to  
dom9ance ov] t disord]4  ,! fir/ extract
 is f a s]mon on ,f>aday4 ,"u ,s&]son1 x
 has be5 rem>k$1 ,f>aday ou/$ ,/4       
,an?ony f be+ ! patron sa9t ( ,oundle   

,s*ool4 ',) :at abundant prodigality1'  
,s&]son exclaims1 'has ,nature giv5 up (
 h] secrets s9ce 8 day6'  ',a hundr$    
ye>s ago ,man & ,nature z we ?9k ( !m   
to-day 7 unexplor$ by sci5ce2 to-day a  
new _w1 a new creation4 ,indu/rial life 
has develop$1 ma*9]y1 discov]ies1       
inv5tions--/eam eng9e1 gas eng9e1       
dynamo--electrical ma*9]y1 telegraphy1  
radioactive bodies1 trem5d\s op5+s out (
 *emi/ry1 biology1 economics1 e?ics4    
,all new4 ,^! are ,?y works1 ,o ,god1 & 
tell ( ,!e4 ,n n[ only may we se>* = ,?y
 ,pres5ce 9 ! places :]e ,?\ w]t wont 9 
days ( old to come to man4 ,n !re only4 
,n only n[ 9 ! />s ( heav52 or by !     
sea%ore1 or 9 ! wat]s ( ! riv]1 or ( !  
spr+s2 among ! trees1 ! fl[]s1 ! corn & 
w9e1 on ! m\nta9 or 9 ! pla92 n n[ only 
do/ ,?\ come to man 9 ,?y works ( art1 9
 music1 9 lit]ature2 b ,?\1 ,o ,god1 do/
 reveal ,?yself 9 all ! multitude ( ,?y 
works2 9 ! work%op1 ! factory1 ! m9e1 ! 
laboratory1 9 indu/rial life4 ,no       
symbolism "h1 b ! ,div9e ,god4 ,a new   

,muse is "h--        ',mighti] ?an      
,egypt's tombs1      ,fair] ?an         
,grecia's1 ,roma's temples4      ,pr\d] 
?an ,milan's /atu$1 spir$ ca!dral1      
,m picturesque ?an ,rh5i% ca/le-keeps1  
,we plan ev5 n[ to raise1 beyond !m all1
      ,?y great ca!dral1 sacr$ indu/ry1 
no tomb--              ,a keep = ,life4'
   ,& ! build]s1 a mighty ho/ ( m53     
,hom]ic h]oes1 fight+ aga9/ a foe1 & yet
 n a foe1 b an invisible1 impalpable ?+ 
:]e9 ! combatant is ! %ad[ ( !          
assailant4  ',mighty m5 ( sci5ce &      
mighty de$s4 ,a ,newton :o b9ds !       
univ]se toge!r 9 uni=m law2 ,lagrange1  
,laplace1 ,leibnitz ) _! wondr\s        
ma!matical h>monies2 ,c\lomb measur+ out
 electricity2 ,ov]/$ ) ! brilliant fla% 
( insight t ! electric conflict acts 9 a
 revolv+ mann]2 ,f>aday1 ,ohm1 ,ampre1  
,j\le1 ,maxwell1 ,h]tz1 ,rntg52 & 9     
ano!r bran* ( sci5ce1 ,cav5di%1 ,davy1  
,dalton1 ,dew>2 & 9 ano!r1 ,d>w91       
,m5del1 ,pa/eur1 ,li/]1 ,sir ,ronald    
,ross4 ,all ^! & _m o!rs1 & "s ^: names 

h no memorial1 =m a great ho/ ( h]oes1  
an army ( soldi]s--fit companions ( ^? (
 :om ! poets h sung2 all1 we may be     
sure1 liv+ daily 9 ! pres5ce ( ,god1    
b5d+ l ! re$ be=e ,8 w2 fit companions (
 ! knights ( old ( :om ! poets s+1 fit  
companions ( ! m5 ^: names are r5[n$ 9  
hi/ory1 fit companions ( ! great /atesm5
 & w>riors ^: names res\nd ?r\gh ! _w4  
',!re is ! great ,newton at ! head ( ?is
 li/ comp>+ himself to a *ild play+ on !
 sea%ore ga!r+ pebbles1 :il/ he c\ld see
 ) prophetic vision ! imm5se ocean (    
tru? yet unexplor$ be=e him4 ,at ! end  
is ! discov]] ,sir ,ronald ,ross1 :o _h 
gone out to ,india 9 ! m$ical s]vice ( !
 ,army1 & employ$ 8 leisure 9 inve/igat+
 ! ravi%+ diseases :i* _h laid ,india l[
 & /emm$ its developm5t4 ,9 tw5ty ye>s (
 lab\r he discov]s h[ mal>ia is         
transmitt$ & br+s ! disease )9 ! hold ( 
man4'  ,! second is f a s]mon call$ ',! 
,g>d5 ( ,life4'  ',z ,canon ,driv] says1
 ,man is n made simply to enjoy life2 8 
end is n pleasure2 nor are ! ?+s he has 

to d necess>ily to give pleasure or lead
 to :at m5 call happ9ess4 ,?is is n !   
biological purpose ( man4 ,8 purpose or 
in/9ctive end is to develop ! capacities
 ( ! g>d5 9 ! wild]ness ( nature2 to    
adapt x to 8 own ends1 i4e4 to ! ends ( 
! races ( m54 ,or1 z we w\ld n[ say1 8  
aim is to take 8 "p 9 ! mak+ ( 8 k9d2 & 
he is to keep x1 or gu>d x--i4e4 he is  
to conqu] ! jungle 9 x1 to prev5t x f   
rov+ wild aga91 f rev]t+ to ! jungle1 f 
los+ law & ord]1 f becom+ unruly &      
disord]ly1 f break+ loose & runn+ amok4 
,he is to br+ & ma9ta9 ord] out ( !     
tangle ( ?+s1 he is to diagnose         
diseases2 he is to co-ord9ate ! =ces (  
nature2 he is above all ?+s to reveal ! 
_s ( ,god 9 all ! works ( ,god4  ',& 9  
all ?is we read ! duty & s]vice (       
s*ools4 ,! bus9ess ( s*ools is ?r\gh &  
by ! use ( a common s]vice to get at !  
true spiritual nature ( ! ord9>y ?+s we 
h to deal )4 ,! _s ( ! true active life 
does n come to u only 9 ^? exp]i5ces we 
h be5 s accu/om$ to ?9k ( z beautiful & 

reveal+4 ,! active _s ( life is n       
reveal$ simply by ! arts--! beautiful   
arts z !y may be ?\ght--( music or      
pa9t+1 or lit]ature4 ,^! inde$ may be   
only & abundantly mat]ial1 & ! eye & e> 
may be bl9d & deaf to ! active1         
creative1 discov]+1 reveal+ _s4 ,pa9t+1 
or art g5]ally1 z su*1 says ,rusk9 9 8  
,mod]n ,pa9t]s1 ) all its te*nicalities1
 difficulties1 executive skills1        
pleasant & agreeable s5sations1 & its   
p>ticul> ends1 is no?+ b an expressive  
language1 invaluable if we "k x z we    
might "k x z ! vehicle ( ?\ght1 b by    
itself no?+4 ,he :o has le>nt :at is    
commonly consid]$ z ! :ole art ( pa9t+1 
t is ! art ( repres5t+ any natural      
object fai?fully1 has z yet only le>nt !
 language by :i* 8 ?\ghts are to be     
express$4 ,"o language or mode (        
expression may be m difficult ?an ano!r2
 b x is n by ! mode ( repres5t+ & say+1 
b by ! greatness1 ! awak5+1 ! transmut+ 
& transfigur+ conception & k ( ! ?\ght  
pres5t$1 t ! gift come?1 t man is       

creat$4 ,awkw>d1 discordant1 /amm]+     
attempts may be ! burn+ message ( a new 
hope4 ,b ?is voice ( art is too (t5     
dr[n$4 ,x is dr[n$ by executive skill--z
 is ! hi/ory ( all art--:5 ?is skill    
/ret*es itself to pres5t ?+s t are      
/atic1 motionless1 dead4444  ',x is     
especially our duty to reveal ! _s (    
,god 9 ! ?+s ( sci5ce & ( ! practical   
life4 ,h]e9 lies a new revelation1 a new
 language1 a direct symbolism4 ,sci5ce1 
j l art & music1 c be                   
mat]iali/ic--sci5ce c aim only at       
me*anical advancem5t & worldly weal?1   
:i* is n weal? at all--j z art c aim    
only at pleasure1 desire1 & draw+-room  
appreciation4 ,b ?is ne$ n be s4        
,c]ta9ly no "o 9 a responsible position 
c tea* sci5ce = long )\t ! com+ ( !     
revelation ( a new voice1 a new me?od ( 
expression1 a new art--reveal+ q *ang$  
/&>ds ( value1 q new significances ( :at
 we speak ( z culture1 beauty1 love1    
ju/ice4 ,a new voice speaks to ! s\ls ( 
m5 & wom5 call+ = a new age ) all its   

alt]$ relation%ips & adv5tures ( life4  
',) eyes op5$ to ?is new art y c w&]    
?r\gh ! sci5ce block & f9d 9 x all a new
 ,bible1 a new book ( ,g5esis4 ,s we    
believe4 ,?is is our duty & our fai?4   
,into ?is ,p>adise h y be5 plac$ to     
dress x & to keep x4'  ,let me turn f ^!
 two passages ( talk to 8 boys--!y are  
rescu$ f a mass ( p5cil notes 9 8       
/udy--to a passage f an address deliv]$ 
9 ! ,great ,hall 9 ,le$s 9 #aibj4 ,x %[s
 v pla9ly ! quality ( 8 conception ( :at
 ,i h call$ ! return ( s*ools to        
reality4  ',s*ools %\ld be m9iature     
copies ( ! _w4 ,we (t5 f9d t me?ods     
adopt$ 9 s*ool are j ! me?ods we %\ld l 
appli$ 9 ! /ate4 ,we %\ld1 9 fact1      
direct s*ool life s t ! _s ( x may be ! 
_s :i* w t5d to alleviate social &      
indu/rial conditions4 ,i w give an      
example ( ! k9d ( influ5ce ! ideals &   
me?ods ( a s*ool c ex]t ^u ! work+ life4
 ,i w take a condition ( lab\r :i* is n[
 recognis$ z probably ! greate/ (       
trag$ies4 ,x is ! sl[ decay ( !         

faculties ( cr[ds ( m5 & wom51 caus$ by 
! nature ( _! employm5t--! trag$y ( !   
un/ret*$ faculties4 ,s common is x1 &   
ord9>y1 t we pass x by on "o side2 b no 
"o c g into a factory )\t see+ work]s   
engag$ 9 "w :i* is f> bel[ _!           
capacities4 ,decay sets 91 & ! dea? (   
tal5t & en?usiasm1 ! inspir] ( creative 
"w4 ,a little ?\ght w conv9ce u t !     
process ( decay ( su* a delicate & vital
 organism z ! bra9 is b\nd to set up    
viol5t1 de/ructive1 an>*ic =ces :i* g on
 = sev]al ye>s4 ,a rec5t writ] 9 !      
,times ,educational ,supplem5t 7& ?is   
pap] _c be call$ revolution>y7 says t ! 
trag$y ( undevelop$ tal5t is be+ se5 m &
 m to be a gigantic wa/e ( pot5tiality &
 an unp>donable cruelty4 ,x is a tragic 
disease & produces 9 e>ly life />tl+    
intellectual & moral di/urbances1 :i*   
are ! natural s\rces ( unre/4 ,z ye>s g 
on a m5tal /upor sets 91 & !re is peace1
 b peace on a l[ plane ( life4 ,! loss  
to ! community by ?is wa/e is colossal1 
& x is n too mu* to say t ! output ( man

 c\ld be multipli$ beyond conception4   
',s*ools %\ld s5d boys out into !       
indu/rial _w ^: aim %\ld be to /udy ^!  
trag$ies1 & by exp]im5ts1 by new        
inv5tions1 by organisation1 try1 we may 
hope1 by "s ( _! own s*ool exp]i5ce1 to 
alleviate ! disease4 ,to my m9d ?is is !
 supreme aim ( s*ools 9 ! new era4'     
,,*apt] ,v  ,,! ,,gr[? ,,( ,,s&]son     
,,%[n ,,9 ,,8 ,,s]mons ,,& ,,scripture  
,,lessons    #a  ,be=e ,i g on to a     
discussion ( ! late/1 broade/1 & mo/    
int]e/+ phase ( ,s&]son's m5tal life1 ,i
 w\ld l to give my read]s z vivid a     
picture z ,i c ( 8 p]sonality & 8 me?ods
 ( deliv]y4 ,i h tri$ to convey an      
impression ( 8 /\t & ruddy pres5ce1 8   
glanc+ spectacles1 8 %ort1 compact b    
allusive deliv]y1 8 g5]al p]sonal       
joll9ess4 ,i w give n[ a sket* ( "o ( 8 
,scripture lessons made by two ( ! boys 
9 ! s*ool4 ,no?+ ,i ?9k c\ld convey s   
well 8 ri* discursiv5ess nor !          
affectionate hum\r he inspir$ ?r\gh\t ! 
s*ool4 ,"h x is4       ',,scripture     

,,lesson       ',deliv]$ by ,f4 ,w4     
,s&]son on ,sunday1 #be? ,may #aiai1 &  
tak5      d[n ^w = ^w by ,x & ,y1 &     
subsequ5tly writt5 up by      !m4       
',limitations ( space & "t h prev5t$ !m 
f includ+      all ! lesson4 ,omissions 
h be5 indicat$4 ,!y apologise =      !  
lapses ( ! speak] into inaudibility1 :i*
 7 n _!      fault4 ,!y d n hold        
!mselves 9 any way responsible = !      
op9ions express$ h]e94                  
',,analysis       '( ! portions copi$4  
',*>act]i/ic portions 9 ! ,gospel ( ,/4 
,mat!w4       ',ob/9acy ( ! ,ox=d &     
,cambridge ,s*ools ,exam9ation ,bo>d4   
',"* ( ! devil1 accord+ to "s mod]n     
writ]s4       ',fir/ act ( our ,"l on   
beg9n+ ! ,galilean ,m9i/ry4             
',empire ,day4        ',subject ( !     
,scripture lesson3--,/4 ,mat!w1 *aps4 iv
 & v4       7',! ,temptations1 !        
comm5cem5t ( ! ,galilean ,m9i/ry1 !     
fir/ portion ( ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt4'7   
'7,! headma/] ent]s1 worries 8 g[n1 sits
 d[n1 adju/s 8 wai/coat1 & c\ghs once47 

',!--um--er--,i am tak+ y ?r\gh !       
,gospel ( ,/4 ,mat!w4 ,i ?9k1 z a matt] 
( fact1 we got to ! end ( ! ?ird *apt]4 
,we won't sp5d mu* "t ov] ! f\r?4 ,!    
f\r?1 ,i ?9k1 is                        
!--er--er--,temptations1 :i* ,i h       
already tak5 ) y--a r--er--v            
int]e/+--ah--v int]e/+--er--survival4 ,t
 ! ,temptation ,n>rative %\ld h surviv$ 
%[s t !re is probably some?+ ( value 9 x
 or ,i d n ?9k x w\ld h surviv$4 ,!re   
are two incid5ts ( v simil> "*          
(--er--v--er--simil> "* &--ah--diff]5t  
to a c]ta9 ext5t f ev]y?+ else--er--ah--
 ,!re is a boy 9 t corn] n li/5+ to me4 
,:o is t boy 9 ! corn] !re8 ,no1 n      
y--two r[s 9 front4 ,i w come d[n to y  
lat]1 my boy4 ,!re are two incid5ts 9 ! 
,gospel ,n>rative :i* are simil>        
9--er--"* & :i* ,i h = ! mom5t call$    
,survivals--v *>act]i/ic1 namely1 !     
some:at surpris+ n>rative ( !           
,temptation ( our ,"l1 & ! o!r ! acc\nt 
( ! ,transfiguration4 ,^! are diff]5t 9 
=m & "* f o!r n>ratives1 j 9 ! same way 

z ! acc\nt ( our ,"l s5d+ messages to ! 
,bapti/ diff]s f o!rs4 ,er--yes--t la/  
"o4 ,i %\ld put !m toge!r z com+ f a    
simil> s\rce 7lapse into                
inaudibility--b[ w[ w[4 ,unique 9       
*>act]i/ic--b[ w[ w[--,some:at          
subtle--b[ w[74 ,"o rem>ks t !          
,temptations are always look$ at f !    
p]sonal po9t ( view1 :i* ,i h put d[n 9 
my synopsis4 ,has anybody "h got my     
synopsis8 l5d x to me a mom5t4 ,i don't 
?9k ! p]sonal significance ( ! ,gospel  
/ories has importance n[adays4 ,we      
ne$n't consid] x4 ,t's :at ,i ?9k ab\t  
?+s 9 g5]al4 ,p]sonal importance giv+   
place to univ]sal ne$s4 ,we are n s mu* 
conc]n$ ) :e!r boys d evil or n4 ,(     
c\rse x annoys me if ,i f9d a boy do+   
evil4 ,lead+ o!rs a/ray4 ,%ock+ly       
annoy+4 ,oughtn't to be4 ,l cont9u\s    
ma!matics n enabl+ a boy to pass 9      
ari?metic--b[ w[ w[--screw loose4 ,see  
:at ,i mean1 ,k----8 ,n ref]r+ to y1 my 
boy 7laught]74 ,hunt me up some?+ 9     
,plato ab\t all ^! ?+s4 ,dur+ ! la/     

g5]ation--  '7,half a page omitt$47  ',j
 9 ! same way f ano!r po9t ( view %all  
we live = own advancem5t1 :i* we are    
cont9ually tempt$ to d8 ,x's awfully    
annoy+ if y d c]ta9 ?+s & p won't       
recognise !m4 ,i 0 pretty heftily annoy$
 myself at a meet+ ( ! ,ox=d &          
,cambridge ,bo>d4 ,pr(essor ,b>k]--great
 man--,i ne>ly always agree ) him4      
,pr(essor ,b>k]4 ,!y _h made sci5ce     
compulsory = ! s*ool c]tificate4 ,b[ w[ 
w[4 ,i don't want boys turn$ aside f _! 
ma9 purpose to h to get up scraps &     
snippets ( sci5ce4 ,lit]>y pursuits & s 
on4 ,i w\ldn't h x at any price4 ,b[ w[ 
w[4 ,mod]n languages are compulsory too4
 ,by look+ at a boy's ,fr5* set ,i c    
tell :e!r he c pass or n4 ,b[ w[4       
,pr(essor ,b>k] propos$ t sci5ce %\ld be
 volunt>y4 ,i second$ him1 b ,i said t  
languages %\ld be volunt>y z well4 ,he  
didn't see t at all4 ,isn't x en\gh to  
make a man angry8  '7,half a doz5 l9es  
omitt$ f our note z incompreh5sible47   
',n[ ,i am incl9$ to ?9k t ,satan 9 ?is 

,gospel is n int5d$ to be ! ,satan ( our
 m9ds--! pr9ce ( evil4 ,he is int5d$ to 
be m l ! ,satan 9 ! book ( ,job4 ,he is 
! devil's advocate4 ,he argues = ! o!r  
side4 ,= ! opposition4 ,he is put up to 
create opposition4 ,?is may 9 itself be 
a valuable ?+4 ,i don't "k t ,i ne$ g   
fur!r into x4 ,i w\ld j l to tell y ?is1
 boys4 ,"s mod]n writ]s1 especially     
,b]n>d ,%aw1 h a v high e/eem = ! devil4
 ,he#a pref]s hell to heav54 ,s he says4
 ,( c\rse he hasn't be5 !re1 s he c't   
tell4 ,s he is vot$ a dang]\s p]sonage  
because1 de> s\ls1 !y don't "k :at he   
means4 ,:at he means is t heav5 z x has 
be5 run d[n to & ,god z ,he has be5 run 
d[n to--ev]y?+ placid & simple &        
inactive & non-creative & sleepy4 ,p    
don't wor%ip ,god4 ,!y wor%ip 7burble   
burble74 ,!y don't di/urb _! m9ds & ?9k 
ab\t ?+s4 ,t's :at he means4 ,yes4 ,man 
& ,sup]man4 ,activity ( intellect4 ,t's 
m or less :at he has 9 m9d4 ,he pref]s p
 do+ some?+ outrage\sly wrong ?an do+   
no?+ at all4 ,i don't "k if x's true2   

x's all express$ 9 ,greek ?\ght4  '7,f\r
 pages omitt$ on runn+ ) ! tide1 ,lloyd 
,george1 ! importance ( ,fr5* 9         
exam9ations1 & ! correct way ( gett+ a  
true national _s47  ',well1 our ,"l n[  
proce$$ to f\nd ,8 ,galilean ,m9i/ry4 ,&
 :at 0 ! fir/ ?+ ,he did1 ,l----8 ,x's q
 obvi\s4 ,:at did ,he d8 ,obvi\s4 ,7 y  
?9k+ ( :at ,i said j n[8 ,no1 sir4 ,my  
/ream ( words goes ov] y1 n ?r\gh y4    
,obvi\s4 ,n[ :at 0 ! fir/ ?+ ,he did8   
,:at is obvi\sly ! fir/ ?+ ,he did8 ,:y1
 x's pa9fully obvi\s1 ev5 to ,l----4    
,:at 0 x8 ,:at8 ,:]e are we1 ,l----8    
,l---- has lo/ ! place4 ,:i* p>agraph d 
,i mean1 ,l----8 ,read ! p>agraph ,i    
mean4 ,no4 ,i h f9i%$ t4 ,next "o4      
,obvi\s4 ,:at is x ab\t8 ,yes1 :at is x 
ab\t8 ,:at is x ab\t8 ,two or f\r8 ,yes1
 f\r6 ,n[ :at is obvi\s8 ,obvi\s6 ,n[   
y've j got x1 & y're t5 m9utes beh9d4 ,(
 c\rse4 ,! fir/ obvi\s ?+ ,he _h to d 0 
to get a b& ( fai?ful disciples4 ,v fir/
 ?+ ,he did4 ,:at did ,he call !m to be8
 ,to be :at8 ,fi%]s ( ,m54 ,obvi\s4     

'7,five pages omitt$ on ,empire ,day1   
,m$ical ,/udy1 & ,canc]47  ',n[ !--er--!
 ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt4 ,y h he>d ?is ev]   
s9ce y 7 on y\r "m's knee4 ,at lea/ ,i  
hope s4 ,beyond ! hi/orical times ( y\r 
memory4 ,= y1 ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt is z  
old z ! ages4 ,& yet ,i d>e trespass on 
! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt4 ,i've he>d ( x     
be=e1 y say4 ,i'm tir$ ( x4 ,d some?+   
fre%4 ,boys1 y mu/ g & read old ?+s &   
brea! into !m ! new ,_s ( ,life4 ,n[ :at
 is t *apt] 9 ,ezekiel1 boys8 ,d y "k ! 
numb] ( ! page1 & ! p>agraph1 & ! *apt]8
 ,no4 ,:at am ,i talk+ ab\t8 ,:y1 !     
valley ( dry bones4 ,nev] he>d ( x6 ,no4
 ,is x 9 ,j]emiah1 ,ezekiel1 or :]e1 or 
,habakkuk8 ,is x 9 ,ezekiel #a8 ,no4    
#cf8 ,no4 #cg8 ,yes4 ,dry ,bones4       
,bones4 ,yes4 ,t's :at4 ,i am go+ to    
take y to a valley ( dry bones4 ,dry    
,bones4 ,bones4 ,x is y\r bus9ess to g  
into ! dry bones ( ! pa/ & cov] !m )    
fle%1 & brea! into !m ! new ,_s4 ,i (t5 
read ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt4 ,x nev] bores 
me4 ,i h m excuse to be bor$ ?an y4 ,i  

le>n$ x1 graci\s goodness1 h[ long ago6 
,beyond ,hi/oric times4 ,i lov$ x z a   
boy4 ,dry ,bones4  '7,?ree pages on !   
,s]mon on ! ,m\nt47  ',n[ ye/]day 0     
,empire ,day4 ,:y did y want me to put !
 flag up8 ,rule ,britannia6 ,britannia  
rules ! waves6 ,is n t x8 7,yes1 sir47  
,de> boys6 ,i w\ldn't ?r[ cold wat] on x
 = worlds4 ,well1 y _h y\r flag4 ,x     
didn't fly4 ,!re 0 no w9d beh9d x4 ,!re 
0 no devil to bl[ x4 ,de> boys1 y want$ 
t flag = a reason ,i ?9k a %ade wrong4  
,x w\ldn't be )9 !--:at's ! ^w ,i       
want8--suit$ = our mod]n gauges4 ,! new 
_w won't come until we give up ! idea ( 
,conque/ & ,ext5sion ( ,empire--no new  
k+dom until its memb]s are imbu$ ) !    
pr9ciples t competition is wrong1 t     
conque/ is wrong1 t co-op]ativ5ess is   
"r1 & sacrifice a law ( nature4 ,n[1 h[ 
d ! sev5 ,beatitudes read ) ,rule       
,britannia8 ,n[ y say y believe 9 y\r   
,bibles4 ,y say y are ,*ri/ians4 ,pi\s  
,*ri/ians4 ,y w\ld be mo/ annoy$ if ,i  
call$ y hea!ns4 ,well1 if s1 y believe t

 ^! are "r3--  ',bless$ are ! poor 9 _s1
 = !irs is ! k+dom ( heav54 ,rule       
,britannia6  ',bless$ are !y t m\rn1 =  
!y %all be com=t$4 ,rule ,britannia6    
',bless$ are ! meek1 = !y %all inh]it ! 
e>?4 ,rule ,britannia6  ',bless$ are !y 
t hung] & ?ir/ aft] righte\sness1 = !y  
%all be fill$4 ,britannia rules ! waves6
  ',bless$ are ! m]ciful1 = !y %all     
obta9 m]cy4 ,rule ,britannia6  ',bless$ 
are ! pure 9 he>t1 = !y %all see all t  
is wor? see+ & liv+ =4 ,wave y\r flag6  
,rule ,britannia6  ',bless$ are !       
peacemak]s1 = !y %all be call$ sons (   
,god4 ,rule ,britannia6  ',bless$ are !y
 t h be5 p]secut$ = righte\sness sake4  
,rule ,britannia6 ,x is incongru\s4444  
',de> s\ls6 ,my de> s\ls6 ,i w\ldn't    
lead y a/ray = any?+4 ,i c't expla9 x   
444 ?is national _s ( y\rs4 ,b5ea? x all
 !re is a _s ( great righte\sness4 ,i   
w\ldn't tamp] ) x = ?\s&s ( p\nds4 ,b y 
mu/ j see ! o!r side4444  '7,/>ts on !  
,salt ( ! ,e>?1 b is int]rupt$ by "t4   
,sets a heavy prep41 & goes47'    #b    

,n[ t 0 ! key 9 :i* ,s&]son dealt ) 8   
boys & 9 :i* he gave 8 message to ! _w4 
,& t is also ! key 9 :i* !y dealt ) him4
 ,i want to cle> out ( ! read]'s m9d any
 idea t ?is great tea*] ( m5 0 a solemn 
& sup]ior p]son1 cle>1 exact1 & exalt$1 
& t 8 boys _h any vague s5tim5tal wor%ip
 = him4 ,!y laugh$ at him1 lov$ him1    
und]/ood him1 assimilat$ 8 ideas1 &     
work$ ) him4 ,he 0 mu* m l a sweat+1    
pant+1 burly lead] pu%+ a way = himself 
& o!rs ?r\gh a ?orny ?icket4 ,& :5 ,i   
sat 9 8 /udy & read ov] ! notes ( 8     
s]mons & scripture lessons ,i got ! same
 impression ( a /urdy fight] ?ru/+ ?r\gh
 a tangle4  ,altoge!r !re 7 sev]al      
hundr$ ( ^! s]mon-memor&a4 ,he w\ld take
 a quire ( manuscript pap] & write d[n 8
 notes1 n head+s m]ely b s5t5ces1 writ+ 
v fa/1 miss+ out halves ( words1 leav+  
phrases incomplete4 ,! result w\ld be a 
little book ) p]haps a title & a date   
scribbl$ on ! back page4 ,! doz5 specim5
 s]mons 9 ! (ficial ,life 7 mo/ly tak5 f
 ^! r\gh drafts4 ,!re 0 also a quantity 

( pr9t$ s]mons dat+ f 8 e>lie/ days at  
,oundle4 ,s t x 0 possible to trace 8   
developm5t f ! days :5 e h]etical       
utt]ance 0 jeal\sly not$1 to ! days (   
complete fre$om ( ?\ght & expression4   
,he came into ! int]lac$ bri>s & brakes 
( mod]n religi\s ?\ght1 a tra9$         
!ological /ud5t1 b already a v broad "o1
 f> f ! trite mat]iali/ic sup]/itions ( 
! n>r[ly or?odox4 ',( :at is t]m$       
def9ite religi\s tea*+ 8 boys receiv$   
little1' says "o ( 8 cl]ical assi/ants4 
',! ,head f\ght %y ( any?+ :i* he felt  
might cramp a boy's t5d5cy to ?9k =     
himself & develop 8 own views4'  ,?is is
 f> f ! old days ( salvation by belief4 
,he took ,*ri/ z ! c5tral figure 9 8    
tea*+4 ,9 8 e>ly days he _h prep>$ a    
p>allel arrangem5t ( ! gospels1 & ?is   
develop$ into 8 ,synopsis ( ! ,life (   
,*ri/4 ,he seems to h clung /\tly to !  
au!nticity ( ! record$ say+s ( ,*ri/1 b 
he held himself free to d\bt :e!r we h z
 yet 'got to ! bottom ( _m say+s ( !    
,ma/]4' ,&1 says ! same witness1 at once

 r vaguely & r illum9at+ly3 ',he bru%$  
aside impati5tly d\bts z to !           
feasibility ( ?is miracle or t4 ,to any 
:o seem$ to be worry+ ab\t ! actual     
turn+ ( wat] into w9e at ,cana he w\ld  
urge t !y 7 miss+ ! :ole po9t2 cold1    
lifeless wat] 0 turn$ into w>m1         
life-giv+ w9e--& ?is 0 ! "w ( ! ,ma/] & 
,8 new tea*+4 ,c\ld !y d\bt t8 ,he seem$
 to feel acutely t ! pass+ ( ! c5turies 
is liable to br+ a di/ortion z well z an
 enri*m5t ( ! ,*ri/ian revelation1 & = t
 reason he 0 always try+ to m$itate     
himself1 & to get o!rs to m$itate1 on ! 
true *>act]i/ics ( ! ,ma/] 9 ! e>lie/   
portraits ( ,him h&$ d[n to u 9 !       
,gospels4'  ,illu/ration3 ,! head among 
! p>5ts  ,l all religi\s tea*]s he      
emphasis$ "s aspects ( ! g5]al doctr9e 9
 pref]5ce to o!rs1 b 8 acc5t 0 nev] on !
 sacram5tal or c]emonial side4 ,! root  
ideas ( or?odox ,*ri/ianity1 ! ideas (  
s9 & an atonem5t1 nev] v prom95t 9 8    
tea*+1 fad$ m & m f 8 disc\rses z ! ye>s
 w5t on4 ,he nev] seems to h _h mu* s5se

 ( s91 & he laid an increas+ /ress on   
action1 on c\rage & exp]im5t4 ,"o say+  
he repeat$ endlessly1 ',give1 & x %all  
be giv5 unto y2 good measure1 press$    
d[n1 %ak5 toge!r1 runn+ ov]1 %all m5    
give into y\r bosom4' ,/ill m frequ5tly 
he quot$1 ',i came t ye might h life1 & 
t ye might h x m abundantly4' ,9 8 lat] 
days t _h become a new motto = ,oundle  
,s*ool2 x ou/$ ',god grant ,grace' f !  
boys' ?\ghts 9 mu* ! same way t ,f>aday 
= all spiritual purposes ou/$ ,/4       
,an?ony z ! patron sa9t ( ! s*ool4 ,& 9 
! lat] s]mons "o w\ld f9d side by side )
 ,gospel say+s1 exhortations f q ano!r  
qu>t]4 ,! boys 7 told to 'live          
dang]\sly4' ,! ,*ri/ ( lat] ,oundle     
became inde$ a v ,nietzs*ean ,*ri/4     
#c  ,or?odox ,*ri/ianity is built ^u !  
doctr9e ( ! ,fall ( ,man & ! damnation (
 mank9d1 b ,i c\ld f9d only ! r>e/ &    
remote/ allusions to ?is gr\nd b5ea? !  
,*ri/ian corn]-/one ( salvation 9 ! bale
 ( s]mons ,i exam9$4 ,!re is no evid5ce 
t ,s&]son ev] d5i$ ! fall5 /ate ( man1 b

 he nev] allud$ to x1 & ! g5]al effect (
 8 tea*+ w5t f> beyond a m]e avoidance4 
,z 8 tea*+ develop$1 ano!r ^w1 a ^w     
infrequ5t 9 ! gospels1 became dom9ant1 !
 ^w 'creative4' ,= any m5tion (         
'salvation' y w f9d tw5ty repetitions ( 
'creative4' ,s f> z ,i c ga!r he took ! 
^w f a hi!rto unrecognis$ ,*ri/ian fa!r1
 ,/4 ,b]tr& ,russell4 ,& ,i %\ld submit 
! foll[+ passage f a s]mon on ,! ,g>d5 (
 ,life1 to any compet5t !ological body )
 v grave d\bts :e!r !y w\ld accept x z  
consi/5t ) ! tea*+ ( any recognis$      
,*ri/ian ,*ur*4  ',god _h creat$ man1 & 
_h m\ld$ & fa%ion$ him1 & _h brea!d into
 8 no/rils ! brea? ( life1 & man became 
a liv+ s\l1 possess$ ( ! div9e & et]nal 
inde/ructible _s1 ! ,god-l _s :i* w\ld  
fill him ) ! glori\s & life-giv+ _s (   
unre/1 ( unsatisfi$ long+s & desire1 ( !
 in/9ctive natural urge to h m ( life4  
,a mighty p[]1 a dynamic creative =ce1 a
 daemonic increas+ urge--aga9/ :i* !    
=ces ( hell1 ( de/ructiv5ess1 ( caprice1
 ( lawlessness1 ( ! jungle1 _c prevail4 

,"u ?is p[] man & ! races ( man         
progress3 b )\t ?is m5tal fight1 ?is    
con/ant /ruggle1 no life c come4 ,i     
dwelt on ?is fact la/ "t ,i spoke to y1 
hav+ 9 m9d ! m5tal or intellectual      
aspect ( x1 especially = ^? ( y :o are  
work+ = "s se>*+ exam9ations3 = )\t a   
p]si/5t1 pa9ful1 & (t5 en\gh disappo9t+ 
ef=t ! und]/&+ ( ?+s w n come to y1 or  
to any ( u4  ',be true to y\rselves1    
suff] no artifice1 or artificial        
und]/&+1 to ?r[ du/ 9 y\r eyes4 ,d n    
/ruggle = a /atic victory4 ,be true to  
y\rselves4 ,d n /ruggle = y\r own       
recognition1 z x 71 or = ! m]e appe>ance
 ( k--r /ruggle to ent] into ! k+dom1 ! 
k+dom ( s]vice4  ',& :]e c y f9d !      
inspiration & urge ( life8 ,! s\rce is  
wond]fully drawn out = u 9 ! illum9at+ &
 sugge/ive comm5t>y on ,g5esis y h !    
advantage to /udy4 ,a great human book  
is ,canon ,driv]'s ,comm5t>y1 digg+ out 
= u ! deep tru?s ( life emb$d$ 9 !      
anci5t my?s ( ,g5esis4 ,a /udy 9 ! use (
 words2 ( :at we c le>n f words2 a new  

=m ( text-book4 ,su* a text-book z we   
%\ld h = ! new era4 ,?is picture ( !    
com+ & mak+ ( man tells u a /ory ( !    
wide/ applicability4 ,x is f\nd 9 all ! 
works ( ,god2 x is f\nd 9 all our       
surr\nd+s2 x is f\nd 9 all our "w &     
toil2 x is f\nd mo/ fully & actively 9  
all our daily work+ life4 ,god1 we are  
told1 made a g>d5 = man1 & !re ,he plac$
 him & gave him *>ge ( x2 & !re ! ,"l   
,god came & walk$ ) man1 & commun$ )    
man1 & brea!d into 8 no/rils ! brea? (  
life4 ,& !re ,he gave him 8 *ief aim (  
life1 8 "o purpose4 ,& ! ,"l ,god took  
man1 & put him 9 ! ,g>d5 ( ,ed51 to     
dress x & to keep x4 ,& !n ) ! memory & 
ord] ( t g>d5 9 8 m9d ,he p]mitt$ him to
 receive k1 & !n s5t him out into !     
great wild]ness to f9d 8 g>d5 !re4'  ,& 
"h is ano!r passage f a s]mon entitl$   
',creative4'  ,9 ! beg9n+ ,god creat$ ! 
heav5 & ! e>?1 & ! e>? 0 wa/e & void4 ,!
 _w 0 9 *aos1 d>kness1 & gloom4 ,b x 0 n
 to be left 9 ?is /ate4 ,all ?is        
condition ( an>*y1 ?is wa/e & void1 0 ! 

mat]ial out ( :i* a new _w 0 to be      
creat$4 ,confus$ & impossible ?\gh      
ev]y?+ appe>$1 yet !re 0 some?+ pres5t t
 made /eadfa/ly & incessantly = ord]4 ,s
 we believe x is n[1 9 ! pres5t /ate (  
?+s4 ,all ! conflicts & /rifes ( to-day 
are ! break+ up ( ! fall[ gr\nd4 ,!y are
 ! ef=t to create life4 ,!y are !       
mess5g]s ( ! com+ ( ! ,son ( ,man4 ,9   
/orm & tempe/ come? ! ,son ( ,man4 ,ov] 
all ?is lawless1 %apeless1 impossible   
mat]ial ( *aos !re brood$1 we are told1 
! ,_s ( ,god4 ,! ,_s ( ,god 0 brood+ ov]
 ! wat]s l a bird ov] its ne/1 & 9 due  
"t1 9 ! ord] ( creation1 a new life 0 to
 take %ape1 & a new _w 0 to rise up4 ,9 
/ately1 ord]$1 maje/ic mann] ) all !    
c]ta9ty & irresi/ible p[] ( gravitation1
 /ep by /ep1 /age by /age1 out ( ! welt]
 ( an>*y1 a life--a new life--0 to come 
into ! _w4 ,a new life came4  ,& at ea* 
/age we he> ! words ( ! ,"l ,god1 ,let  
!re be1 & !re 04 ,& !n3 ,god saw t x 0  
good4 ,!re 0 ev5+1 & !re 0              
morn+--d>kness *ang$ into light--& !    

day's "w 0 done4 ,& ,god saw t x 0 good4
  ,s1 too1 x is & w be 9 ! hi/ory ( !   
human race4 ,! uplift+ ( mank9d1 ! com+ 
( full] life to nations1 to man1 to     
classes & sections ( m51 has come 9     
epo*s ( *ange4 ,su* /ages 9 hi/ory are l
 ! /ages 9 ! life hi/ory ( a plant4 ,!re
 seem to be re/+ phases1 epo*s ( app>5t 
quiesc5ce1 ! cessation ( /ruggle4  ,!   
fact is t "s new fre$om1 "s new pr9ciple
 ( life1 "s desire to gr[1 has = a long 
"t be5 tak+ root 9 ! m9ds & s\ls ( m54  
,! urge to become m creative--to ga9 m (
 life & give m ( life--becomes at la/   
int5se4 ,& !re is an imm5se desire to   
satisfy ! great urge ( nature4 ,! old   
ord] passes4 ,! ga!r$ =ces seek release4
 ,! pangs ( bir? are ^u u4'  ,! fur!r "o
 goes ) ,s&]son1 ! /rong] is "o's s5se (
 new w9e f]m5t+ 9 ! old bottle ( or?odox
 ,*ri/ian =mul4 ,9 "o ( ! late s]mons he
 delib]ately sets aside ! ,epi/les ( !  
,new ,te/am5t z ( less acc\nt ?an !     
gospels4 ,he 0 /ill div]g+ :5 he di$4 ,9
 ! la/ ye> or s ( 8 life a new ^w crept 

into 8 talk & play$ an increas+ly       
important "p 9 x4 ,t ^w 0 'syncretism4' 
,he spoke ( x m & m pla9ly z an evil ?+4
 ,& ,i _c b believe1 kn[+ 8 s\rces ( k &
 ! angle at :i* he approa*$ hi/ory1 t he
 mu/ h be5 aw>e t doctr9al              
,*ri/ianity--z deta*$ f ! p]sonal tea*+ 
( ,jesus--is1 ) its ,mi?raic blood      
sacrifice & ,sabba? keep+1 its ,alex&r9e
 tr9ity1 its ,egyptian prie/s1 %av5 &   
celibate1 its ,/ella ,m>is & infant     
,horus1 ! complete/ example ( a         
syncretic religion 9 ! _w4 ,my          
impression is t if he _h liv$ ano!r two 
ye>s he w\ld h %$ 8 la/ ve/iges (       
!ological p>aph]nalia & gone /raight    
back to ! tea*+ ( ! ,naz>5e1 op5ly &    
pla9ly4 ,& t w\ld h creat$ a v emb>rass+
 situation = ! memb]s ( ! ,groc]s'      
,company1 9 ! s*ool at ,oundle4    #d   
,& :at cre$ 0 tak+ ! place ( ! old      
!ological tangle8 ,:at int]pretation 0  
,s&]son putt+ ^u ?is ev]-new tea*+ (    
,*ri/ 9 ! _w1 t he 0 /ripp+ s /eadily   
out ( its irrelevant cas+s ( dogma &    

sup]/ition8 ,i _c d bett] 9 answ] to t  
?an quote f "o ( 8 late/ s]mons1 a s]mon
 deliv]$ on ! reassembly ( ! s*ool at ! 
op5+ ( a new s*ool ye>4  ',! fundam5tal 
in/9ct ( life is to create1 to make1 to 
discov]1 to gr[1 to progress4 ,e "o 9 "s
 =m or o!r has exp]i5ce ( ?is joy (     
creat+2 ! joy ( see+ ! gr[?1 ! build+1 !
 *ange1 ! com+4 ,! in/9ct ( ^? 9        
au?ority has recognis$--)\t p]haps kn[+ 
x--! love to create1 :5 !y devis$       
puni%m5t--! treadmill1 prisons1 r\t9e1  
all ?w>t+ t free creative impulse to !  
po9t ( torture4 ,or on a m9or scale !   
trivial s*ool /upidities & idl5esses (  
'l9es'2 det5tions )\t lab\r or sacrifice
 or bo?2 or ev5 ! *eap & easy physical  
puni%m5t4 ,su* puni%m5t1 if n all       
inflict$ puni%m5t1 spr+s out ( !        
di/9ctive protective aim ( slav]y4      
,creative life comes sl[ly4  ,life1 ?is 
beautiful1 creative life1 comes sl[ly   
?r\gh ! ages1 b x comes4 ,sl[ly mank9d  
is em]g+ out ( slav]y into ! beautiful  
fre$om ( creative life4 ,sl[ly mank9d is

 realis+ ! natural desire1 ! in/9ctive  
natural urge1 ! ess5tial ne$ = life--(  
ea* individual to be free4 ,free--i4e4  
free to /rive1 to endeav\r1 to rea*     
onw>ds1 to create1 to make1 to beget4 ,!
 economic fre$om ( ! individual has be5 
sl[ly escap+ ?r\gh\t hi/ory4 ,x bur/    
into a new vigor\s life ?r\gh ! hamm]+  
bl[s ( ! ,fr5* ,revolution4 ,dur+ ! la/ 
c5tury or m ?is pr9ciple ( fre$om has   
be5 *ang+ our political relation%ips &  
values4 ,?is economic escape may be said
 to h react$ on sci5ce1 & ! mod]n       
developm5ts ( evolution h b5efit$ by !  
spread+ *ange 9 ! temp] ( m9d1 & by !   
influx ( work]s & creative ?9k]s f !    
enslav$ ord]4  ,& ?is raises a l>ge "q  
:i* ,i h 9 m9d ?is morn+4 ,e "o c see   
to-day ! imm5sity ( ! problems be=e !   
_w4 ,x does n ne$ mu* reflection1 or    
=esight1 or k1 to see t ! organisation (
 ! int]c\rse ( races is hurry+ on to    
becom+ a dang]\s problem4 ,z has be5    
said1 & z any "o ,i ?9k ) p[]s ( sight c
 see1 x is 9 a l>ge s5se a race betwe5  

education & cata/rophe4 ,& ! "q we 9    
s*ools h to ask is1 ,c we 9 s*ools be   
outside all ?is8 ,c we conf9e our "w1   
our play1 our necess>y "w1 our necess>y 
play1 to ! recognis$1 traditional "w or 
play ( s*ools8 ,we "h ?9k n4 ,we believe
 t s*ools %\ld move on t[>ds becom+     
always a microcosm ( ! new _w4 ,a       
microcosm1 & exp]im5t1 ( ! /&>ds (      
value1 ( ! comm&m5ts1 ! /atutes &       
judgm5ts1 ( ! organisation1 ( ! visions 
& aims ( a com+ _w4 ,we mu/ n get into  
our heads t ^! are !oretical ?+s1 x may 
be pure ideali/ic sort ( ?+s1 or1 x may 
be new & dang]\s ?+s4 ,!y are none ( ^! 
?+s--!y c be express$ 9 v ev]yday1      
homely1 matt]-(-fact ?+s & 9 ! do+ ( our
 ord9>y "w4 ,( c\rse !y d mean ?\ght1 a 
t5d5cy to believe1 a fai? 9 boys--& !y d
 mean lab\r1 & sacrifice--z !y are call$
 or ?\ght ( at fir/--until bo? pass on  
into ! beautiful life4  ,su* aims &     
urges become t]rific p[]s = prolong+ !  
life ( man2 & z ! /ream ( life goes on x
 becomes m & m l a va/ riv] mov+ sl[ly  

=w>d ) great p[]1 receiv+ m & m (       
tribut>ies1 sl[ly1 /rongly1 surely fl[+ 
on unto ! e/u>y t enl>ges1 & spreads    
itself gr&ly z x p\rs its wat]s into !  
great ocean ( sea4  ,b ! beg9n+s are "h3
 & "h boys mu/ f9d !mselves 9 ! great   
/ream ( true life4 ,!y mu/ f9d !mselves 
9 ! l& ( ! great vision1 ( fai?1 (      
s]vice4 ,no beat+ or m>k+ ( "t "h4 ,no  
easy /atic /ate4 ,no satisfaction )     
conv5tional /atic com=t4 ,"h !y w jo9 9 
?is great _w-life4 ,!y came f _! homes  
to jo9 ! great _w-life "h4 ,ev5 ^! t9y  
boys "h w feel t some?+ is be=e !m t    
matt]s1 some?+ ( true life & true int5t4
 ,!y w get ! g]ms ( life f "s ( ^? ?+s  
we are p]petually try+ to d1 & nev]     
succe$+ 9 do+4 ,!y w cat* ! contagion ( 
ef=t4 ,= le>n+ is n our object "h1 b    
do+4 ,!y may le>n ?+s 9 a deadly /atic  
way1 !y may le>n mu* 9 a /atic way & ga9
 no?+ ( life4 ,n "h1 ,i hope4 ,no1 !    
g]ms ( life come f ! _s2 f ! incessant  
travail ( ! s\l2 f high int5t2 !y come f
 ! burn+ desire to "k ( ! ?+s t are com+

 into ! _w4444'  ,,footnote3  #a ,mr4   
,%aw4     ,,*apt] ,,vi  ,,! ,,w> ,,&    
,,s&]son',s ,,propag&a ,,(              
,,recon/ruction    #a  ,! disa/] ( !    
great w> came to ,s&]son z a trem5d\s   
di/ressful /imulant1 a mon/r\s & tragic 
turn 9 human affairs t he _h to squ>e ) 
8 aims & tea*+4 ,he _h _h our common    
aw>5ess ( its possibility1 & yet :5 !   
cra% came x took him1 z x took mo/ ( u1 
by surprise4 ,at fir/ he accept$ ! w> z 
a dire h]oic necessity4 ,?is aggression 
( a milit>y imp]ialism _h to be fac$    
valiantly4 ,t 0 h[ he saw x4 ,bo? 8 sons
 jo9$ up at ! e>lie/ possible mom5t1 & !
 s*ool brac$ itself up to tra9 its s5ior
 boys z (fic]s1 to help 9 ! production (
 munitions1 to produce aviators1 gunn]s 
& eng9e]s = ! great s]vice ( ! w>4  ,!  
practical quality ( ! old boys f ,oundle
 became app>5t at once4 ,!y /epp$ f     
laboratory & factory & (fice into       
commissions2 !y return$ f all ov] ! _w  
to prep>e = ! battlefields4 ,by #aiah   
ov] a ?\s& ,oundle boys _h gone into !  

fight+ s]vices1 ?ree _h ,v4,c4's1 _m _h 
be5 m5tion$ 9 despat*es1 aw>d$ !        
,milit>y ,cross & ! l4  ,he did 8 be/ to
 f9d ,god & creative =ce 9 ! _w         
convulsion4 ,"h is a "p ( an address to 
! ,*ur* ,p>ade ( ! ,cadet ,corps :i* %[s
 8 v f9e & v human /ruggle to impose a  
nobility ( int]pretation ^u ! grim      
di/ressful la/ /ages ( ! w>4  ',x is a  
pleasant ?+ to w&] ab\t ^! fields & wat*
 ! cadets :o are told (f to in/ruct _!  
squads4 ,x is a spl5did illu/ration ( ! 
p[] ( co-op]ation 9 education--:]e boys 
& m51 or :]e a community "w toge!r1     
tea*+ "o ano!r1 le>n+ "o f ! o!r1 :]e   
all are tea*]s & s*ol>s1 a body (       
co-work]s1 help+1 enc\rag+1 /imulat+ ea*
 o!r4 ,?is community me?od is dom9ant   
:]ev] !re is a great /irr+1 e4g4 a great
 call1 a great press+ into a new k+dom2 
:]ev] !re is a great discov]y & a new   
ne$4 ,! w> w e/abli% x 9 s*ools4  ,& j  
"o ^w :5 y g =? f "h4 ,y w c>ry ?is     
mutual co-op]ative _s ) y4 ,y w love y\r
 m51 take c>e ( _! int]e/s1 mak+ full   

use ( _! individual faculties1 & le>n to
 be co-work]s ) !m4  ,x is (t5 said t   
w>s w nev] cease--t !y are a            
necessity--& 9 a s5se ?is is true4 ,"o  
?+ we "k q well1 t 9 all affairs ( life 
peace may be simply ! peace ( dea?4 ,!re
 is ! peace ( lifelessness1 (           
inactivity1 not)/&+ all its autumnal    
beauty4 ,!re is ! quiet peace :i* *anges
 n1 ! conv5tional belief1 ! conv5tional 
k9d ( r\nd ( "w1 ) lack ( initiative1 ( 
exp]im5t1 ( te/+ & trials4 ,!re is !    
peace :i* foll[s on cont5tm5t ) ?+s z !y
 are1 ! peace ( dea?4 ,! l& ( peace & ( 
conv5tion1 & ( cruel cont5tm5t4 ,! l& ( 
d>k ,satanic mills--z 9 ,blake's imag]y4
 ,w> may come to break up ?is dea?ful   
peace4 ,s said ,john ,rusk94 ,i h a     
lett] writt5 to me j :5 ! w> broke out4 
,9 ,july #aiad ! ,o4,t4,c4 0 inspect$ by
 ,g5]al ,birkbeck1 & 9 8 spee* he       
express$ 8 belief t w> 0 com+4 ,on #bnd 
,augu/1 #aiad1 he wrote to me3--        
,,de> ,,mr4 ,,s&]son1--,we little ?\ght 
:5 ,i spoke to ^? boys      ( y\rs h[   

ne> we 7 to our trial6 & he adds3 ,^!   
are      ! words ( a peaceful           
philosoph]1 ,mr4 ,rusk91 :5 conclud+ a  
s]ies ( lectures on ,w> at ,woolwi*     
,royal ,academy ,in/itution1      :i*   
may give y com=t4 ,m5 talk ( peace &    
pl5ty1 ( peace      & le>n+1 ( peace &  
civilisation2 b ,i f\nd t ^?      are n 
! words :i* ! muse ( hi/ory has c\pl$   
toge!r6      ,on h] lips ! words are    
,peace & ,selfi%ness1 ,peace &          
,s5suality1 ,peace & ,dea?666 ,i le>n$1 
9 %ort1 t all great      nations le>n$  
_! tru? ( ^w & /r5g? ( ?\ght 9      w>2 
t !y 7 taught by w> & betray$ by        
peace--tra9$      by w> & deceiv$ by    
peace--n\ri%$ 9 w> & decay$ 9           
peace2 9 a ^w1 t !y 7 born 9 w> & expir$
 9 peace4   ,?is is ! prophet's call to 
arise & awak5 out ( sleep2 to ab&on !   
easy life ( r\t9e & r\t9e's belief4 ,x  
is a call to rise up & brea! life into !
 dry bones ( ! pa/2 x is ! trumpet bla/ 
= active w>f>e aga9/ all ?+s t h become 
lifeless & dead4 ,x is ! h]ald call = a 

new army1 to build up a new _w ( active1
 creative1 dynamic ,peace4'    #b  ,9   
,april #aiah 8 elde/ son1 ,roy1 di$ (   
w\nds at ,e/aires aft] ! battle ( !     
,lys4 ,loss aft] loss ( boys & tru/$    
colleagues _h griev$ & di/ress$ him2 n[ 
came ?is culm9at+ bl[4 ,!re _h be5 !    
close/ und]/&+ betwe5 fa!r & son2 ,roy  
_h left eng9e]+ to become a ma/] at !   
,royal ,naval ,college1 ,osborne1 :i*   
,s&]son _h help$ to recon/ruct1 & m & m 
_h ! fa!r look$ to 8 boy z 8 *os5       
disciple & possible successor4  ,on !   
,:itsunday foll[+ ,s&]son prea*$ a s]mon
 on ! text3 ',i w n leave y desolate1 ,i
 w come unto y4' ,! notes ( ! s]mon 7   
untidy1 & h _h to be c>efully piec$     
toge!r1 b ,i ?9k !y rise to a v high    
level ( poetry4 ,& :5 ,i copy !m out ,i 
?9k h[ ! de> /urdy man 9 8 academic g[n 
mu/ h /ood up & clung to 8 desk1 aft] 8 
mann]1 full ( grief & sorr[ful memories 
( ! "o 'g5tle s\l1' 9 p>ticul>1 & ( _m  
o!r g5tle s\ls1 he _h lo/--cl++ to 8    
desk ) bo? h&s z he clung to 8 fai? &   

speak+ /\tly4  ,:itsunday--,:ite        
,sunday--:ite1 pure1 unta9t$--day (     
consolation--day ( inspiration--p]haps !
 mo/ joy\s "t ( all ! ye>4 ,spr+ 9 its  
p[]1 life1 ,_s ( ,peace1 joy4 ,ev]y:]e  
joy--sanctifi$1 subdu$4 ,joy1 & peace1 &
 new life 9 ! music1 ! h>monies &       
discords1 ( ,nature--"h1 9 ! c\ntry4 ,! 
s++ ( ! birds1 _! twitt]+1 *att]+1      
call+2 _! excitem5t2 _! re/ful *irp+1   
ab&on ( joy1 peace )\t alloy--!y are    
fri5ds ( ! s\l4 ,! atmosph]e too--!     
g5tl5ess ( x1 ! life )9 x & s(t w>m? (  
x3 fre$om1 imag9ation1 inspiration are 9
 ! air2 ! w9d bl[e? :]e x li/e?4 ,joy1  
innoc5t1 :ite1 pure1 & happy4 ,happ9ess 
too4 ,life /eep$ 9 ! sun%9e ( happ9ess4 
,! spr+1 ! ela/icity1 ! eutrophy ( life3
 life-creat+ life2 life-giv+ life4      
,happ9ess on e h& my/ic1 elusive z !    
=ces ( ,nature4 ,! w9d bl[e? :]e x      
li/e?1 & ?\ he>e/ ! voice !re(1 b _c    
tell :5ce x come?1 nor :i!r x goe?4     
,happ9ess6 ,n fre$om f c>e1 or f sorr[1 
or f sleepless angui%2 n fre$om f       

abasem5t1 n ev5 f d>k gloom--! accidie (
 depression--yet nev]!less ! increas+   
s5se ( ! life ( love & s]vice1 ! p[] (  
s]vice1 ! complet5ess ( x4 ,! happ9ess  
:i* breaks ev] & aga9 ?r\gh ! cl\ds (   
unc]ta9ties1 d\bts1 d>knesses (         
life--reveal+ x may be1 = a mom5t1 !    
signs ( long ye>s ( ef=t--= z life goes 
on x is giv5 to cat* glimpses ( ! gr[? (
 ! s\l1 some?+ ( ! "p ! s\l has tak5 9 !
 build+ ( ! k+dom4 ,x is 9 ?is life (   
love & s]vice ! words ( ! ,ma/] come to 
u3 ,i w n leave y desolate1 ,i w come   
unto y4'  ,foll[$ praise ( ! beauty ( "w
 ) :i* 8 congregation mu/ h be5 famili>4
 ,& !n came ?is conclud+ passage3--  ',&
 :5 ^! days ( wra? are pass$ away1 !re w
 be a great battlefield = a new bir?4   
,days ( wra? & !n a new revelation4 ,:5 
,god came d[n on ! fir/ ,p5teco/ on     
,m\nt ,s9ai1 ,he came amid ?und]s &     
lightn+s1 & 9 a ?ick d>k cl\d--& :5 !   
,holy ,_s ( ,god came to ! wait+        
disciples !re 0 a s\nd ( a ru%+ mighty  
w9d4 ,& x mu/ be s4 ,new bir? comes     

?r\gh mu* sorr[4 ,s we may hope t new   
!ories ( life :i* = a c5tury h be5 gr[+ 
t[>ds bir? w spr+ =? out ( ?is great    
conte/ 9 all ! l&s ( ! e>?4 ,va/ "w !re 
w be1 & ! lab\r]s sadly few]4 ,! nation 
is n[ s5d+ ( h] v be/ into !            
battlefield4 ,!re w be great call = new 
recruits to re/ore ! c\ntries :i* are   
deva/at$--great calls1 too1 =           
inve/igators 9 all bran*es ( k4 ,pione]s
 are n[ lead+ ! way 9 rese>*1 9         
ma!matics1 9 sci5ce1 9 indu/ry1 9 ! laws
 ( logic & ?\ght1 ) new ways (          
expression 9 language & art4  ',!re is !
 great press+ ne$ ( revolution 9 ! laws 
& relation%ips 9 ! social life4 ,we may 
h visions ( a reg5]at$ social /ate1 9   
:i* c\rtesy1 ju/ice1 m]cy1 ! _s ( !     
g5tle knight1 w %[ !mselves 9 *ange (   
?\ght1 ( belief2 we may h visions (     
communities guid$ by pr9ciples :i* we   
hope & believe rule 9 our great s*ool4  
,c>e = ! weak2 clo?+1 fe$+1 h\s+1 m$ical
 c>e = all2 a crime to be poor2 to be   
diseas$1 to be und]f$2 ^! reg5]ations   

controll$ by ! true & public _s at ! co/
 ( ! community4 ,laws = re=m &          
r$emption1 & n = puni%m5t4 ,ea* memb] ( 
! /ate c>$ =1 z x is our hope ea* boy ( 
?is s*ool is4 ,great *anges--ess5tial to
 ! well-be+ ( a /ate1 & to ea* memb] (  
x4 ,we may h visions t ! _s ( *ivalry1 (
 k9dness1 ( c\rtesy1 ( g5tl5ess1 ( all t
 goes to make ! g5tle s\l w br+ ?is     
r$emption to ! p4'    #c  ,! w> turn$   
,s&]son f a successful s*oolma/] into an
 amateur /atesman4 ,life _h become      
intol]able = him unless he c\ld int]pret
 all its pres5t disord]s z ! wreckage & 
confusion ( ! h\se-break]s prep>+ ! site
 = a f> nobl] & bett] build+4 ,he %[s   
himself at times by no means c]ta9 t ?is
 w\ld ev] prove to be ! case1 b he _h ! 
brave man's assurance t ) luck & c\rage 
!re 0 no?+ impossible 9 ! hope t a m    
spl5did human ord] might be built at la/
 ^u ?is tr\bl$ & di/ressful planet4 ,b =
 t to happ5 e possible s\l mu/ be /irr$1
 no lat5t w = ord] b mu/ be r\s$ &      
br\ght into active s]vice4 ,he _h no    

belief 9 hopeless & irrem$iable         
vulg>ity4 ,p are mean1 base1 n>r[1      
implacable1 un=giv+1 cont5ti\s1 selfi%1 
competitive1 because !y h /ill to see ! 
creative light4 ,let t b %9e ^u !m &    
seize !m & !y w\ld come into _! places 9
 t creative treatm5t ( life :i* ennobles
 ! s]vant & enri*es ! giv]1 :i* is !    
true salvation ( s\ls4  ,he became a    
propag&i/4 ,he felt he _h n[ made good  
suffici5tly 9 8 s*ool4 ,he _h e/abli%$ a
 claim z an able & successful man to g  
out to able m51 to bus9ess m51 to       
influ5tial m5 ( all sorts1 & tell !m !  
significance ( ?is s*ool ( 81 ?is       
h&-specim51 ?is assay sample1 ( :at c\ld
 be done ) ! _w4 ,he w5t to ,*amb]s (   
,comm]ce1 to ,rot>y ,clubs1 to ,civic   
,assemblies1 to ,lun*eon ga!r+s (       
bus9ess m51 to tell !m ( ?is idea (     
organisation = s]vice1 in/ead ( = pr(it 
& possession4 ,he tri$ to f9d indu/rial 
magnates :o w\ld take up ! me?ods (     
,oundle 9 productive organisation4 ,he  
correspond$ ext5sively ) su* m5 z1 =    

example1 ,"l ,weir & ,sir ,alfr$ ,y>r[ &
 ,"l ,bl$isloe4 ,he want$ to see !m do+ 
= indu/rial & agricultural production   
:at he _h done = education1 recon/ruct+ 
x ^u a basis ( corporate s]vice1 aim+   
prim>ily at creative a*ievem5t1 sett+   
aside altoge!r competitive success or ! 
amass+ ( private weal? z ! ends ( human 
activity4 ,surely !y w\ld see h[ mu* f9]
 ?is new objective 01 h[ mu* full] &    
ri*] x mu/ make _! own lives6  ,:5 ,i   
tell ( ?is se>* = a k9dr$ _s among      
ironma/]s & great l&lords & ! l ,i am   
rem9d$ ( ,confucius & 8 se>* = a duke 9 
,*9a1 or ( ,plato or ,ma*iavelli look+ =
 a pr9ce4 ,!re is ! same belief 9 ! p[] 
( a lead] & ! ne$ ( a p]sonal w2 ! same 
utt] scepticism 9 any automatic or cr[d 
a*ievem5t ( good ord]2 once aga9 !      
s*oolma/] sets out to conqu] ! _w4      
,p]haps "s day t p]5nial attempt w come 
to fruition1 & ! s*oolma/] w !n inde$   
conqu] ! _w4 ,p]haps ! se$s t ,s&]son   
has s[n w pres5tly be g]m9at+ 9 a crop (
 ma/]ful bus9ess m5 ( a new creative    

type4 ,p]haps !re are ,s&]sons yet to   
come1 m5 ( en]gy2 ea* ) 8 individual    
diff]5ce1 b all alight ) ! new          
conception ( man's creative life4       
,p]haps ,oundle may1 aft] all1 prove to 
be ! egg ( a new _w4 ,oundle may        
relapse1 probably w relapse1 b o!r1 m   
endur+ ,oundles may foll[ 9 o!r p>ts ( !
 _w4 ,at pres5t all t ,i c tell is ( !  
message ,s&]son 0 prea*+ dur+ ! la/ six 
ye>s ( 8 life4  ,"h he is1 talk+ to !   
textile manufactur]s ( ,brad=d4 ,?is t  
foll[s is f 8 pr9t$ address1 re/ra9$ &  
prun$1 b = ! mann] ( 8 deliv]y1 ! read] 
%\ld ?9k r ( t sample s]mon & ! o!r     
descriptions ,i h giv5 ( 8 p]sonal      
quality4  ',i am v mu* hon\r$ by y\r    
invitation to address ?is important     
congress1 & ,i am hon\r$1 too1 9 be+    
p]mitt$ to speak on education 9 ?is     
great city ( ,brad=d4 ,= y\r city /&s   
out v prom95tly 9 ! annals ( education1 
& its "w is well kn[n by all :o h wat*$ 
educational progress4  ,y1 g5tlem51 are 
conc]n$ ) education3 y are mu* conc]n$ )

 ! education :i* w promote ! welf>e ( ! 
lead]s & work]s 9 y\r indu/ry2 & !      
welf>e ( ! p 9 y\r di/ricts4            
,indu/rialism has tumbl$ ^u u1 & x is an
 untam$1 unruly be+1 ! laws ( :i* are n 
yet kn[n1 & ne$ /udy4 ,= "s ?irty-five  
ye>s--a long spell--,i h1 9 places      
remov$ f> away f ! voices ( indu/ry1    
devot$ my "t t[>ds ! introduction into  
,public ,s*ools ( ^? ,sci5tific &       
,te*nical /udies :i*1 z ,i und]/& x1 lie
 at ! basis ( indu/rial life4 ,i h      
always _h be=e me ! "w ( organis+       
,te*nical ,subjects s t !y might give   
all t is be/ to give ( spiritual &      
intellectual tra9+4 ,& our object is to 
s5d =? f s*ool boys t w be 9 sympa?y ) !
 "w t !y h to d1 t !y w be privileg$ to 
d1 & to s5d !m =? equipp$ = x4 ,y h !   
same purpose4 ,y\r wi% is t ! boys &    
girls ( y\r c\ntry %\ld h e *ance (     
develop+ into effective work]s 9 !      
community1 & t !y %\ld take a zeal\s    
intellectual int]e/ 9 _! "w--t !y %\ld  
love _! "w1 love to d x well1 ev] anxi\s

 to m\nt to high] ?+s4  ,& "o ( !       
difficulties ( ! imm$iate future w be to
 reorganise indu/rial conditions s t ea*
 work] may h ! *ance ( /ret*+ 8         
faculties & ( gett+ ! "w t w give him   
reasonably full play = 8 abilities4 ,!  
fact t able & clev] m5 are1 9 ! pres5t  
sy/em1 kept too long at "w :i* does n   
/ret* _! bra9s1 is a cause ( unre/4     
,=tunately !re is a gr[+ cons5sus (     
op9ion t m fre$om = opportunity & =     
advancem5t is s]i\sly necess>y1 & ?is   
sympa!tic op9ion w lead t[>ds a         
solution4 ,x is also well )9 ! "w ( a   
s*ool to promote ?is sympa?y by s5d+ out
 boys ) ^? intellectual & sci5tific     
ta/es & k :i* w react ^u !mselves &     
attract !m to ! work]s4  ,!re are two   
o!r que/ions :i* ,i w m5tion be=e ,i    
come to ! actual "w :i* may be done 9   
s*ools4 ,"o ( ! ma9 aims ( a good s*ool 
is to see t ea* boy & girl is c>$ =1 t  
ea* "o has e opportunity = developm5t4  
,we mu/ n ca/ out1 or s5d our weak ones 
away1 we mu/ keep !m 9 s*ool--we mu/ f9d

 out :at k9d ( "w w appeal to !m1 s t   
!y1 too1 may move upw>ds1 ga9 9         
self-respect1 & love _! life4 ,& we     
claim t ?is is :at we w\ld h done 9 all 
factories1 or 9 any occupation4 ,x is ! 
ess5tial duty ( e nation4 ,we are anxi\s
 t no work] %\ld be /unt$ m5tally or    
physically by ! k9d ( "w he has to d4   
,?is aga9 is a difficult z x is an urg5t
 problem4 ,x is "o :i* c be /udi$ 9     
s*ools1 & !re is no d\bt t ! attempts ( 
a s*ool to provide av5ues ( advance =   
all k9ds ( boys w t5d to br+ ! "r _s    
into indu/rial & agricultural life4444' 
#d  ,s mu* = ! ,brad=d disc\rse4 ,"h is 
! gi/ ( a disc\rse giv5 to !            
,recon/ruction ,c\ncil 9 ,london a ye>  
lat]4  ',! object ( ?is pap] is to      
describe 9 practical work+ t]ms an      
organisation ( s*ools :i* %all be bas$  
on a close association ) ! manifold ne$s
 & lab\rs ( ! community life4 ,at !     
outset ,i may say t ! proposals w       
ref]--ev5 if n specifically s /at$--to  
all types ( s*ools1 f ! elem5t>y to !   

,public ,s*ools4 ,x w be se5 t ! *ange  
ne$s a *ange 9 ! ideals :i* h usually   
prevail$ 9 s*ools ( ! pa/4 ,9 !         
community life ! "o urg5t ?+ to be done 
to-day is to reorganise indu/ry & !     
conditions ( lab\r4 ,?is reorganisation 
may require q organic or ev5 an>*ic     
*anges--& = ^! *anges ! ideals ( boys & 
girls mu/ be *ang$1 & to prep>e = ?is   
*ange is ! urg5t "w ( ! s*ools4  ',be=e 
,i come to ! proposals = recon/ruction (
 s*ools1 ,i w /ate v briefly "s facts 9 
indu/ry :i* are n[ meet+ ) acceptance3  
'#a4 ,mod]n indu/rial life has come 9 ) 
a tumultu\s ru%1 9 a haphaz>d1 ungov]n$ 
way1 ?r\gh ! activities ( =ceful1       
capable1 & indu/ri\s lead]s :o h made   
use ( ! sci5tific discov]ies ( ano!r    
type ( m54  '#b4 ,! %r9kage ( ! _w1 & ! 
gr[? ( population :i* foll[$1 has l$ to 
fi]ce competition2 & ?is _s (           
competition has rul$ ev]y:]e4  '#c4 ,9 !
 ungov]n$ ru% = production all sorts (  
me?ods are adopt$ :i* seem to be ju/ifi$
 by _! effectiv5ess4 ,an example is !   

mod]n sy/em ( effici5cy1 at fir/ sight  
captivat+ to ! intellect & ! desires1 b 
yet a me?od :i* ne$s v c>eful /udy4     
'#d4 ,n[ m5 are beg9n+ to believe t !   
fir/ product ( indu/ry mu/ be = ! work]2
 t ! work] %\ld gr[ physically1         
intellectually1 spiritually by 8 "w4    
',i %all claim t ! "w 9 s*ools %\ld be  
p]meat$ by ,sci5ce & by ! sci5tific     
me?od & outlook1 & x w be f\nd t ,sci5ce
 itself does n set all ?is /ore on      
effici5cy4 ,effici5cy1 ,i believe1 is   
entirely conta9$ )9 ! fir/1 or          
quantitative law ( ,!rmo-dynamics4 ,b   
eutrophy bas$ on ! m elusive qualitative
 law is conc]n$ ) ! quality :i* leads to
 ! giv+ up ( life to o!rs4 ,we mu/ see  
to x t :atev] ! effici5cy may be1 !     
eutrophy ( indu/ry be high4  ',!        
pr9ciple t ! fir/ product ( indu/ry mu/ 
be ! work] leads to great organic       
*anges4 ,x w lead to no less a ?+ ?an   
clos+ d[n c]ta9 productions1 c]ta9      
classes ( occupations1 c]ta9 indu/ries  
or processes4 ,x w lead to a            

modification 9 repetition "w2 & to      
adju/m5ts 9 organisation4 ,i hope to %[ 
! be>+ ( ?is on our educational me?ods1 
& h[ ! ideals impli$ may br+ "s help 9  
diagnos+ ,lab\r unre/4  ',x w be se5 t  
mo/ ( ! *anges ne$$ to-day dep5d ^u     
int]national agreem5ts2 & a league (    
nations is ess5tial1 n1 ,i ?9k1 to end  
w>s1 b to make ! *ange f competition to 
co-op]ation possible4  ',we are conc]n$ 
to-day ) ! "p education mu/ take 9 ?is  
*ange ( ideals ( life4 ,x is n too mu*  
to say t )\t ! influ5ce ( a recon/ruct$ 
education ! way to *ange 9 ! ideals ( m5
 w be h>d to f9d4 ,! *ange has to be    
made f competitive me?ods & ideals to   
co-op]ative me?ods2 f ! _s ( dom9ance to
 creativ5ess2 & ! pres5t sy/em (        
ari/ocraticism 9 s*ools mu/ give way to 
democratisation4  ',competition holds   
sway to-day 9 indu/rial life ) disa/r\s 
results4 ,e employ] ( lab\r feels ?is1 &
 wre/les1 & w\ld be glad ( a *ange1 b he
 is held 9 ! grip ( a sy/em4 ,e "o feels
 t competition de/roys ! creative1      

inv5tive life--& is ! seat ( unre/4 ,&  
yet ! _s ( competition holds sway1 n 9  
comm]ce only nor 9 diplomacy1 b 9 !     
s*ools4 ,our public s*ools are pr(ess$ly
 s*ools = tra9+ a dom9ant class2 ! aims1
 ! educational me?ods1 ! s*ool subjects 
& _! relative values1 ! books read1 !   
life l$--are all bas$ on ?is _s4 ,!     
me?ods are l>gely competitive1          
possessive4 ,)1 z ,i believe1 tragic    
results 9 indu/rial life ?is same sy/em1
 ) ! ideals beh9d x1 has be5 unwitt+ly  
impress$ on ! work+ class 9 ! elem5t>y  
s*ools4444  ',! *ange :i* ,i am advocat+
 w dem& a new organisation1 & w call = a
 new type ( s*ool build+s1 & new values 
( subjects4 ,! new-com] ,sci5ce1 & ) x  
organis$ indu/ry1 :i* spr+s out ( x1 mu/
 take a prom95t & inspirit+ place 9     
s*ool1 & 9 e "p ( s*ool "w4 ,x is n     
suffici5t to say t ,sci5ce %\ld be      
taught 9 s*ools4 ,! "t has gone by =    
?is4 ,we claim t sci5tific ?\ght %\ld be
 ! inspir+ _s 9 s*ool life4 ,sci5ce is  
ess5tially creative & co-op]ative1 its  

outlook is onw>ds t[>ds *ange1 x means  
se>*+ = ! tru?1 x dem&s rese>* &        
exp]im5t1 & does n re/ on au?ority4 ,"u 
?is new _s all hi/ory1 lit]ature1 art1 &
 ev5 languages %\ld be rewritt54  ',a   
new type ( s*ool build+s & requirem5ts w
 arise4 ,no long] build+s compris$ only 
( class-rooms1 b l>ge & spaci\s         
workrooms4 ,class-rooms are places :]e  
boys g to be taught4 ,!y are tool-%>p5+ 
rooms--necess>y1 b subsidi>y4 ,= rese>* 
& co-op]ative creative "w ! l>g] halls  
are ne$$4 ,spaci\s eng9e]+ & wood-work+ 
%ops1 well suppli$ ) all k9ds ( ma*9e   
tools1 a smi?y1 a f\ndry1 a c>p5t]'s    
%op1 a draw+ (fice--all c>ri$ on =      
manufactur+ purposes4 ,pl5ty ( "w :i* w 
employ boys ( all ages w be f\nd to d4  
',!re w be a correspond+ spaci\s lit]>y 
& hi/orical work%op ) a really spaci\s  
libr>y full ( books3 books on mod]n     
subjects1 z well z ref]5ce books4 ,!    
build+ %\ld h w+s 9 x = =eign           
books--mod]n z well z classic1 hi/ory1  
economics1 lit]>y1 sci5tific4 ,z _m z   

possible ( ! =eign languages %\ld be    
repres5t$ "h1 t boys may gr[ up ) k &   
sympa?y & respect = o!r nations1 & ?us  
aid 9 promot+ wid] & deep] ideals (     
life4 ,ano!r gall]y = geography1 &      
natural hi/ory1 travels1 e?nology4  ',"h
 is full scope = a l>ge numb] ( boys (  
all ages to be engag$ 9 rese>*4 ,x is   
all ( a co-op]ative "*4 ,!y c /udy !    
v>i\s social & economic sy/ems--f       
co-p>tn]%ip to syndicalism2 or !        
,lib]ation ( ,slaves2 or ! ,league (    
,nations2 or ! ,lib]ation ( ,italy4     
',ano!r block w be a sci5ce block ) an  
eng9e]+ laboratory1 ma*9]y hall1        
physical1 *emical1 & biological         
laboratories--well suppli$ ) app>atus & 
plant = appli$ sci5ce2 plant1 too1 to   
lead to ! inve/igations ( ! day2 te/+   
ma*9e1 %ip tank1 air tunnel2 a m9iature 
/&>dis+ laboratory2 & ) ?is a botanical 
g>d5 & an exp]im5tal f>m4  ',ano!r w\ld 
be an art-room1 music-room1 !atre1 a    
home ( indu/ry = /udy+ indu/rial        
developm5t & indu/rial life4  ',?is is n

 a ,utopian s*eme1 b "o )9 possibility 9
 t[n & c\ntry4 ,to ea* l>ge c5tral high 
s*ool %\ld be associat$ gr\ps ( elem5t>y
 s*ools1 & !re %\ld be free highways    
betwe5 !m1 nei!r b>r$ by exam9ations nor
 b>r$ by exp5se4444  ',ano!r *ange mu/  
also come4 ,books on mod]n problems1    
/rangely en\gh1 are n yet read 9 s*ools4
 ,= example1 ! "t is ov]due = a *ange 9 
! ,engli% books3 ,burke's ,reflections &
 ,pitt's ,w> ,spee*es1 or ,addison1 to  
,rusk9's ,unto ,?is ,la/ & ,"t & ,tide1 
or to ,b]n>d ,%aw1 ,wells1 ,galswor?y1 &
 ! mod]n poets4 ,"s w\ld g s f> z to    
give ,%akespe>e a re/4 ,x is a/oni%+ h[ 
! new] books be>+ on ! l>ge que/ions ( !
 day1 & be>+ on ! actual life ( ! boy1  
/rike ! imag9ation ( boys--ev5 q "y boys
 ( ! upp] elem5t>y s*ool age4 ,!y /ir up
 ! faculties & appeal to a less us$ k9d 
( imag9ation4 ,x is surpris+1 too1 :at  
op5 & live views "y boys w rea*4 ,& "o  
?+ ! /udy ( ^! books possesses1 :i* ,i  
hope to dwell ^u lat]1 is t !y br+ !    
s*ools into close t\* ) ! ev]yday life (

 _! homes & ( ! community4  ',creative  
education dem&s t s*ools %\ld be br\ght 
into h>mony ) ! community life1 & %\ld  
take "p 9 ! indu/rial & economic life4  
,:5 boys & girls g home f s*ool 7ev5 to 
! humble/ home7 ! p>5ts %\ld f9d !re is 
some?+ _! *ildr5 h done at s*ool :i* w  
help !m 9 _! "w4 ,?is means t te*nical &
 vocational tra9+ %\ld hold a prom95t1 &
 n a subsidi>y1 place 9 ! s*ools4 ,x is 
n difficult to see t ?is k9d ( "w       
conta9s )9 x ! _s & g5ius ( ,sci5ce4 ,we
 claim t education %\ld be turn$ 9 ?is  
direction1 ) confid5ce & inspiration4 ,!
 divorce ( indu/rial life f ! life ( !  
_s is "o ( ! trag$ies ( ! age4 ,x       
produces calamit\s results4 ,a man's "w 
may be ( an impossible k9d1 x may be    
sordid & de/ructive ( life--& ! cure    
propos$ is t he %\ld h %ort] h\rs & m   
pay4 ,?is leads to bad diagnosis ( !    
cause ( ! ,lab\r difficulty1 & prev5ts  
necess>y re=ms 9 ! indu/ries4444        
',creativ5ess1 ! co-op]ative _s & me?od1
 ! vision1 ! exp]im5tal me?od ( se>*+ = 

! tru?1 =m ! unique gift ,sci5ce &      
,indu/ry h to give to ! ,new ,education4
 ,"u ! influ5ce ( ?is new outlook all   
o!r dep>tm5ts ( k mu/ be re/udi$4 ,"u   
its influ5ce ! life ( s*ool w become    
active1 ! work]s self-reliant1 love     
ab\nd+4 ,x w make good craftsm5 & make !
 s*ool ( use 9 ! community--:e!r 9 !    
manufactur+ life or 9 ! inve/igation (  
economic conditions4 ,incid5tally x w   
give rise to a new body ( m5 capable (  
go+ :olly or 9 "p to tea*+1 & ! s*ool w 
be ?us l9k$ up ) ! life ( ! place4  ',x 
may be well to /ate t ) an education (  
?is k9d bas$ fundam5tally on ,sci5ce a  
capable boy w leave a second>y s*ool ) a
 good k ( ,sci5ce & ( its application1 )
 a rese>* attitude t[>ds hi/ory & mod]n 
problems1 & ) a good work+ k ( two1 or  
?ree1 or ev5 f\r languages4444  ',! /udy
 ( social que/ions is s]i\sly ne$$4     
,indu/ries w\ld !n h a close connection 
) ! boys & girls1 & yet boys & girls    
w\ld be free to foll[ ! be/ ( _! own    
tal5ts & incl9ations--! indu/rial life  

w\ld n be sep>at$ f ! spiritual life2 & 
we may hope t "s "p ( ?is ideal w\ld    
pass ov] into ! work%ops & factories2 s 
t ! lab\r] w\ld le>n to love 8 "w bett] 
?an 8 wage--= s inde$ he w\ld wi% to d4 
,& ! faculties ( ! work] w\ld gr[4 ,!   
me?od ( ! "w w\ld foll[ ! me?od ( !     
s*ool1 z x is do+ m & m 9 our own l& & 9
 _m a work%op4 ,= ! _s is ) ^! ideals2 !
 practice difficult = any s+le firm to  
c>ry out4 ,h5ce is ! ne$ = radical *ange
 9 s*ools4 ,firms are be+ driv5 to />t  
trade s*ools ( _! own1 :5 !y w\ld pref] 
! "w to be done ) all ! wid] scope ( a  
s*ool4 ,& ! same enlight5$ firms        
endeav\r to promote _! m54  ',& "h we   
come to :at is probably ! natural s\rce 
( all lab\r unre/--! un/ret*$ faculties 
( ! work]4 ,m5 !re are 9 any great %ops 
:o h intellectual faculties ( ! highe/  
ord]1 & ^! faculties are n us$1 s !     
greate/ possession a man has1 & !       
greate/ 8 c\ntry has--! faculties ( its 
own]s--is all[$ to dissipate4 ,& 9 !    
feel+ ( ! m5tal want ( equilibrium1 9 ! 

sl[ fritt]+ away ( life1 !re arrives !  
turbul5t _s4 ,! /udy ( ^! que/ions is ! 
problem = our com+ int]national         
univ]sity4 ,! indu/rial & economic      
problems involv$ c only be approa*$ "u  
int]national agreem5t4 ,all t has be5   
possible at pres5t 9 ! way ( mak+       
indu/rial life pure & holy is by        
legislative re/rictions1 (t5 en\gh      
rankl+ to ! work] ev5 :5 ne$$ = 8       
amelioration4 ,su* legislation 7,factory
 ,acts1 ,insurance ,acts1 wages1 h\rs7  
does n remove ! s\rce ( ! disease2 at   
be/ x only mitigates ! wor/ results4 ,m 
dra/ic *anges may be ne$$ 9 ! nature ( !
 "w--to ! rul+ out c]ta9 manufactur+    
processes until new discov]ies c be     
made4  ',s ) ! "w 9 ! %ops4 ,m5 d n want
 wages1 or %ort] h\rs2 ^! dem&s are only
 symptoms ( a disease2 %ort cuts to     
amelioration4 ,!y are doctor+4 ,:at m5  
want is t _! "w may be su* t !y c love  
x1 & want m ( x4 ,!y d n want slaves' "w
 9 ! %ops & a dose ( ! spiritual life   
out ( x4 ,s we believe4  ',p>5ts1 too1  

w\ld let _! *ildr5 rema9 at s*ool4 ,z a 
class !re is no "o m unselfi% &         
self-sacrific+ & co-op]ative ?an !      
work+-class p>5t4 ,boys want to leave   
s*ool because ( ! natural urge = mak+   
some?+ & gett+ to bus9ess--z !y see x at
 home4 ,to rema9 at s*ool )\t jo9+ 9 "s 
"w is un?9kable :5 !y see ! life _!     
p>5ts lead4  ',i may be p]mitt$ to ins]t
 "o p>agraph on ! un=tunate opposition  
to ?is new position :i* is claim$ =     
,sci5ce 9 ! s*ools4 ,! opposition spr+s 
f ! belief t vocational "w is simply    
mat]ial1 hav+ no spiritual outlook4 ,b !
 tru? is all ! o!r way4 ,un=tunately !  
pres5t /udies ( hi/ory1 art1 economy1   
lit]ature1 are biass$ by possessive     
in/9cts & education1 & we claim t       
,sci5ce & its me?ods are s]i\sly dem&$ =
 a new read+ ( ^! ?+s4 ,h[ev]1 !        
opposition f9ds expression 9 high       
qu>t]s4 ,! ,work]s' ,educational ,union1
 act+ 9 sympa?y ) ! ,lab\r view--t      
vocational /udies are to be             
avoid$--practically taboos te*nical     

/udies4 ,?is is reasonable z ?+s are    
to-day1 :5 a man's "w is too (t5 = !    
pr(it ( o!rs1 & = ?is reason ! work]s   
are n 9 love ) _! "w1 & :5 ! day is ov] 
!y h se5 pl5ty ( x2 s ! be/ ( !m g      
else:]e = ! spr+s ( ! spiritual life4 ,b
 ?is is all disa/r\s to individuals &   
disa/r\s to progress4 ,:at ! work]s %\ld
 d is to wat* = ! _s 9 _! daily "w1 = x 
is ! "w itself :i* w hold a man to      
,god--no?+ else w4'    #e  ,i h quot$ f 
?is ,london ,recon/ruction disc\rse v   
fully4 ,9 ! (ficial ,life !re are a     
numb] ( su* addresses 9 :i* ! /ud5t w   
f9d ! ma9 doctr9es ( t p>ticul> address 
repeat$1 v>i$1 amplifi$1 b z my object 9
 ?is book is to /rip ,s&]son's views d[n
 to 8 ess5tial ideas1 ,i w make only "o 
fur!r quotation f ?is propag&a mat]ial  
"h4 ,?is is f ! notes he arrang$ = an   
address to ! ,newca/le ,rot>y ,club4 ,8 
fav\rite contra/ betwe5 ! possessive    
in/9cts & ! creative in/9cts comes out v
 cle>ly "h4 ,l all ! great religi\s     
tea*]s1 ,s&]son aims q cle>ly at an     

ultimate communism1 to be a*iev$ n by   
revolution b by ! /eady developm5t ( a  
creative _s 9 ! _w4  ',s*ools %\ld be   
m9iature copies ( ! _w we %\ld love to  
h4 ,h5ce our outlooks & me?ods mu/ h ^! 
aims 9 m9d4 ,s*oolma/]s h great         
responsibilities4 ,we %\ld be able to   
say to a boy1 we h endeav\r$ to d su*   
?+s = y1 & we ask y to g =?1 x may be1  
into y\r fa!r's bus9ess or factory & d !
 same to ! work]s4 ,let me illu/rate f !
 work%ops4 ,work%ops 9 a s*ool are by f>
 ! mo/ difficult ?+s to c>ry on along ! 
l9es ,i h 9 m9d4 ,"h are ?ree conditions
 :i* mu/ be kept 9 ! %ops3--        '7a7
 ,! "w boys are do+ %\ld n be =         
!mselves1 or      ex]cises to le>n by2 x
 mu/ always be "w requir$ by !          
community4       '7b7 ,ea* boy mu/ h !  
opportunity ( do+ all ! ma9             
op]ations1 & all ! op]ations %\ld be go+
 on 9 !      work%ops4       '7c7 ,:5ev]
 a boy goes into ! %op he %\ld f9d      
himself      set to "w :i* is up to !   
hilt ( 8 capacity4 ,!re is      no      

sli!r+ d[n to "w :i* is easy1 no        
unnecess>y &      automatic repetition1 
no work+ = himself b = ! community4     
',& we c say1 & are entitl$ to say1 to !
 boy1 :5 y g =? into life1 p]haps into  
y\r fa!r's "w or bus9ess or pr(ession1 y
 mu/ try to d = y\r appr5tices & work]s 
:at we h tri$ to d = y4 ,y1 too1 w try  
to see t e "o has "w :i* exacts _!      
faculties--by :i* !y w gr[ & develop2 y 
w see to x t !y are work+ directly on   
behalf ( & = ! welf>e ( ! community1 & n
 = y\rself4  ',?is is y\r real duty     
t[>ds y\r neighb\r4 ,x is a va/ly h>d ?+
 to d4 ,?is duty ( believ+ t o!rs are ( 
! same blood ) y\rself1 & h ! same      
feel+s1 & loves1 & desires & ne$s1 &    
natural elem5t>y rights2 ?is duty (     
sett+ !m free to ex]cise _! faculties   
spaci\sly t !y1 too1 may get m (        
life--is ! real duty t[>ds y\r neighb\r4
 ,x is a h>d ?+4 ,if y ?9k ( ! works1 ! 
factory1 ! (fice1 x is a h>d ?+4 ,x     
involves va/ sacrifice--! h>de/         
sacrifice--! sacrifice ( belief &       

economic tradition4 ,we ne$ n be        
surpris$ t ,*ri/ianity has sli!r$ d[n to
 an easi] & s(t] level ( culture & duty 
t[>ds our neighb\rs4 ,b :e!r ! work]s "k
 x or n1 ?is h>d duty is ess5tial 9     
consid]+ ! relation%ips ( our community 
sy/em & our int]national sy/em to-day4  
',x is a h>d duty1 & boys mu/ be imm]s$ 
9 x 9 s*ool4 ,! outlook1 values1 &      
organisation ( a s*ool %\ld be bas$ on !
 fundam5tal fact ( ! community s]vice4  
,by habit ( m9d1 & by ! activity ( !    
s*ools1 boys %\ld be imbu$ ) ?is high   
duty4 ,x means a reorganisation ( me?ods
 & aims4  ',x is a h>d duty1 ?is duty   
t[>ds y\r neighb\r--! h>de/ "p be+ to   
believe t he has l feel+s ) y\rself &   
equal rights4 ,! "y man w5t away        
sorr[ful1 = he _h great ri*es--ri*es    
intellectual or o!r4 ,yet ! "y man w5t  
away sorr[ful1 & !re is no d\bt t he    
ev5tually sold all t he _h4 ,?is is     
,watts' v]sion ( x4 ,! "y man 0 at he>t 
a foll[] ( ,jesus2 he did n say t !     
comm&m5t 0 an old "o & well kn[n1 t x _h

 be5 said be=e 9 ! ,hagadah & by ,moses2
 he did n say t ! language 0 ! language 
( ,plato or ,philo2 he did n say t x 0  
too difficult & c\ld n be true = e      
"o--he w5t away sorr[ful4 ,we h no d\bt 
t he sold all t he _h4  ',! sy/em (     
education 9 ! pa/ has be5 bas$ on tra9+ 
= lead]%ip1 i4e4 = a ma/] class1 & its  
me?od has be5 a tra9+ ( ! faculties4 ,b 
! %>ply def9$ l9e betwe5 ! lead]s & ! l$
 has be5 brok5 d[n4 ,! :ole mass ( p has
 be5 ar\s$ t[>ds intellectual creative  
ef=ts4 ,! /ruggle go+ on 9 all          
communities & among/ all races is a     
/ruggle to gr[ & h m ( life4 ,:e!r at   
home among/ our work]s1 or 9 ,india1 or 
,egypt1 or ,irel&2 or betwe5 ,*9a &     
,europe--! /ruggle is ! same4 ,x is a   
/ruggle to make progress1 & h m ( life4 
,?is urge to gr[ is a biological fact4  
,we _c tell :y x is or :at creates x--b 
ev]y?+ ar\nd u has ?is urge to gr[1 & to
 gr[ 9 its own p>ticul> way4 ,"o se$    
gr[s into a tulip1 ano!r into :eat4 ,we 
"k n h[1 b we recognise x4 ,& x is      

precisely ! same urge to gr[ t is caus+ 
all ?is app>5t conflict4 ,x is !        
fundam5tal creative in/9ct--! mo/ p[]ful
 in/9ct ( ! human race1 by :i* ! race is
 pres]v$4 ,deep d[n 9 human nature lies 
?is in/9ct2 x is nev] =gott51 x is      
always pres5t 9 ! m9d4 ,x is voluptu\s1 
an>*ic1 joyful1 viol5t1 p[]ful4  ',! o!r
 in/9ct is call$ ! fight+1 aggressive1  
acquisitive1 possessive in/9ct4 ,x is ! 
in/9ct to acquire1 to ov]come4 ,x is    
di/9ct f ! creative in/9ct ev5 9 !      
biological gr[?1 b ! di/9ction manife/s 
itself m cle>ly 9 ! community or h]d    
relation%ips4 ,x has none ( ! beautiful 
& life-giv+ qualities ( ! creative urge4
 ,x is ess5tially1 ev5 9 its romance 7( 
:i* we h pl5ty71 dull1 selfi%1          
de/ructive4 ,x v>ies its =ms f %e]      
animal =ce to ! dialectical me?ods :i* h
 assum$ ! names ( tal5t & culture4 ,!   
same *>act]i/ics are se5 9 ! =ce ( !    
slave-driv]1 9 ! =ces ( ! wage-nexus1 & 
9 ! dialectical =ce ( ! c\ncil4 ,^! are 
h>d say+s1 b = ! solution ( ! problems (

 ! pres5t times x is wise1 & necess>y1  
to look facts 9 ! face4 ,at any rate x  
is well to "k ( ! possibilities1 feel+s1
 & loves ( ! upris+ mass4444  ',b :at   
has ?is to d ) s*ools8 ,my answ] is t if
 we are to deal ) ! problems ?r[n up by 
sci5ce 9 our indu/rial sy/em1 & our     
close national & int]national contacts1 
! s*ools mu/ be ! se$ gr\nds ( ! new    
?\ght & visions4444'     ,,*apt] ,,vii  
,,! ,,h\se ,,( ,,vision ,,& ,,! ,,s*ool 
,,*apel    #a  ,i come n[ to "o ( ! mo/ 
curi\s & *>act]i/ic ?+s 9 ,s&]son's lat]
 life1 a conflict & int]action t w5t on 
betwe5 two closely relat$ & yet 9 _m    
ways int5sely competitive ideas1 ! idea 
on ! "o h& ( a new sort ( build+        
unprec$5t$ among s*ools1 a build+ :i*   
%\ld symbolise & embody ! :ole aim ( !  
s*ool & ! r5ew$ community ( :i* x is !  
g]m1 & on ! o!r h& ! idea ( a great     
memorial *apel to commemorate !         
sacrifice ( ^? :o _h fall5 9 ! w>4 ,^!  
ideas assum$ protean =ms 9 8 m9d1 !y    
grew1 !y bl5d$ & sep>at$ aga94 ,i w call

 ! fir/1 = reasons t w appe> lat]1 !    
,h\se ( ,vision2 ! second1 ! s*ool      
*apel4 ,= ?\gh ,oundle _h ?r[n up a     
great clu/] ( h\ses1 halls1             
laboratories1 & o!r build+s dur+ its    
qu>t] ( a c5tury ( gr[?1 x _h nev] yet  
produc$ any?+ m ?an a corrugat$-iron    
meet+-h\se = its religi\s s]vices4 ,!   
want ( "s m dignifi$ *apel _h long be5  
evid5t1 & ev5 be=e ! w> 0 v mu* 9       
,s&]son's m9d4  ,! idea ( a ,h\se (     
,vision 0 !re=e ! lat] ( ! two4 ,v e>ly 
9 ! w> a boy ( great promise1 ,eric     
,y>r[1 ! son ( ,sir ,alfr$ ,y>r[1 !     
great %ipbuild]1 0 kill$ at ,ypres1 &   
p>5t & s*oolma/] met at ! h\se ( ! =m]  
to m\rn _! common loss4 ,s&]son & ,eric 
,y>r[ _h be5 close fri5ds2 !y _h        
discuss$ & develop$ ! idea ( a creative 
recon/ruction ( indu/ry toge!r2 ,eric   
,y>r[ 0 to h play$ a "p 9 ! indu/rial _w
 simil> to ! "p t ,roy ,s&]son 0 to h   
play$ 9 ! educational _w4  ,! two m5 sat
 late at night & talk$ ( ^! vani%$      
hopes4 ,c\ld n some?+ be done1 !y ask$1 

to record at lea/ ! _s ( ^! f9e         
int5tions1 & !y sket*$ out a project = a
 memorial build+ t %\ld be a symbol &   
incitem5t to ef=t = ! reorganis$        
indu/rial /ate4 ,x %\ld be 9 a s5se a   
museum conta9+ a record ( human ef=t &  
inv5tion 9 ! pa/2 a museum ( !          
developm5t ( "w & production & a /atem5t
 ( ! economic problems be=e mank9d4 ,sir
 ,alfr$ produc$ a *eque m ?an suffici5t 
to cov] ! build+ ( su* a memorial z !y  
_h plann$1 & ,s&]son return$ to ,oundle 
to put ! realisation ( ! project 9 h&4  
,probably ! two ( !m also discuss$ ! ne$
 = a memorial *apel & probably nei!r (  
!m realis$ a possible cla% betwe5 t old]
 project & ! new "o !y 7 n[ />t+4  ,x 0 
9 ! e>ly /age :5 ! ,eric ,y>r[ memorial 
0 to be no?+ m ?an a museum ( indu/rial 
hi/ory & organisation t ,s&]son set     
afoot ! build+ at ,oundle :i* is n[ kn[n
 by t "n4 ,app>5tly he did n get mu*    
inspiration ov] to ! ar*itect1 & at any 
rate ! edifice t pres5tly rose 0 a v    
weak & dull-look+ "o1 m suitable = a    

h]b>ium or a m9or lecture-hall ?an = a  
temple ( creative dreams4 ,x 0 a        
premature mat]ialisation1 done 9 ! /ress
 & "u ! cramp+ limitations ( w> "t4     
,long be=e x 0 f9i%$ ,s&]son's          
imag9ations _h outgr[n x4 ,i ?9k ?is    
unconfess$ ar*itectural disappo9tm5t    
probably play$ a l>ge "p 9 ! subsequ5t  
developm5t ( ! idea ( ! s*ool *apel1    
/ill to be plann$1 /ill capable ( be+   
made a spaci\s & beautiful build+4 ,to !
 latt] dream he transf]r$ m & m ( !     
ideas t arose prop]ly out ( ! g]m ( !   
,eric ,y>r[ memorial4  ,at fir/ ! ,h\se 
( ,vision 0 to h be5 no m ?an an        
indu/rial museum4 ,x 0 n to be us$ z a  
class-room or lecture-room4 ,x 0 to be  
empty ( *airs1 desks1 & ! l1 & cle> =   
any "o to g 9 to ?9k & dream4 ,ab\t its 
walls1 diagrams & *>ts 7 to display !   
progress ( man f ! sub-human to 8 pres5t
 phase ( futile p[] & hope4 ,!re 7 to be
 "t-*>ts ( ! :ole process ( hi/ory1 & a 
few ( ^! h be5 made4 ,z 8 idea rip5$ x  
broad5$4 ,! memorial ceas$ to be a      

symbol m]ely ( indu/rial reorganisation 
& progress1 & became a temple to ! :ole 
human adv5ture4 ,he began to /ress fir/ 
social & !n imag9ative gr[?4 ,! *>ts 7  
to be full & accurate1 ev]y?+ %[n 0 to  
be precisely true1 b !re 0 to be no     
tea*+ 9 ! build+1 no direction beyond ! 
=m & _s ( ! place4  ,& s :ile !         
scaffolds ( ! workm5 rose ab\t !        
commonplace little erection 9 ! s*ool   
fields1 ! s*oolma/] 9 8 day-dreams      
realis$ m & m ! full measure ( !        
opportunity he 0 miss+4  ,! realisation 
( ! pa/ is ! realisation ( ! future1 & x
 0 an easy transition to pass to ! idea 
( ?is build+ z an expression ( !        
creative w 9 man4 ,9 x ! individual boy 
0 to realise ! aim ( ! s*ool & ( s*ool+ 
& liv+4 ,x 0 to be ! eye ( ! s*ool1 its 
s\l1 its headlight4  ,! idea ( ?is      
',h\se ( ,vision' 0 /ill gr[+ 9 8 m9d :5
 he di$4 ,he _h n yet settl$ ^u a "n =  
x1 ?\gh he _h tri$ ov] a numb] (        
names--a ,h\se ( ,vision1 :i* is ! "n we
 h tak5 = x "h1 ! ,home ( ,sil5ce1 !    

,hall ( ,indu/ry1 ! ,an?ropaeum1 ! ,mak+
 ( ,man1 ! ,life ,creative1 ! ,s\l ( !  
,s*ool4 ,all ^! names conv]ge ^u ! end  
he 0 seek+4 ,?is approa* by trial1 by   
leav+ ! idea to %ape itself = a "t & !n 
tak+ x up aga91 by talk+ x ov] ) ?is man
 & t1 0 v *>act]i/ic ( 8 m5tal          
processes4  ,a memb] ( ! /aff recalls a 
/age 9 ! developm5t ( ! idea4 ',i talk$ 
) ! headma/] ab\t ! ,y>r[ ,memorial 9   
,octob] #aibj1' he says4 ',he !n seem$  
to dally ) a sugge/ion to "n x ! ,temple
 ( ! ,_w--he express$ 8 hatr$ ( ! t5d5cy
 to call x ! ,museum4 ,i ga!r$ t 8 idea 
0 to fill x ) *>ts ( all ?+s & all ages1
 includ+ pictures ( at lea/ all ! _w's  
great m5--!n to turn a boy loose 9 x1   
!reby to realise 8 position 9 ! _w z a  
unit ( its "t1 z oppos$ to ! inculcation
 ( any idea ( 8 hav+ a "p 9 8           
nationality only4 ,8 root idea seem$ to 
be t x %\ld be a place =                
m$itation--re/ful z well z invigorat+4' 
,"h is a passage writt5 by ,s&]son      
himself a little lat]4 ,! idea rip5s &  

broad5s out v manife/ly4  ',e s*ool1 e  
locality & indu/ry1' he writes1 'might  
build )9 _! b\nd>ies a new k9d ( *apel1 
a h]itage1 a temple--a beautiful build+ 
9 :i* are ga!r$ toge!r & exhibit$ !     
records ( man's great de$s & ( man's    
progress1 & ! records ( 8 ne$s4 ,x is   
su* a ,hall ( ,ne$s t we reg>d ! ,y>r[  
,memorial1 & to ?is end x is be+        
equipp$4'  ,& "h ,s&]son speaks aga9 9 a
 s]mon prea*$ ^u ! text ( ,moses'       
)drawal to ! m\nt4  ',a s*ool w gr[ into
 a book4 ,x w take ^u itself ! =m ( a   
,bible4 ,)9 x w appe> ! /ages 9 ! life (
 ! s\l--! com+ ( a k+dom2 ! f\ndations1 
! build+1 ! furniture1 ! complex        
app>atus1 ! organis$ beauty4 ,a         
s*ool--its build+s1 work%ops1           
class-rooms1 & all t goes t[>ds a great 
s*ool--c take on ! =m ( a p>able4 ,z we 
w&] f "o place to ano!r all t speaks (  
life w manife/ itself be=e u4 ,h[ life  
beg9s1 :at is ne$$ = its gr[?2 :at %all 
be its /&>ds1 its ideals2 :at ! nature (
 its pro(-plate2 ! craftsman & :at he   

is2 ! craftsman 9 languages1 9          
ma!matics1 9 sci5ce1 9 art2 ! secrets ( 
nature reveal+ !mselves2 progress1      
*ange1 vision4  ',& boys w g out into ! 
factory1 or m9e1 or bus9ess1 or         
pr(ession1 imbu$ ) ! _s ( ! active love 
( humanity4 ,"s w be call$ to lead1 z   
,moses 0 call$4 ,!y1 too1 w plant ! ,t5t
 ( ,meet+1 ! ,temple ( ,vision4 ,a      
return ) a new view-po9t w be made to ! 
temple ( ages gone by4 ,! ,assyrian     
fresco$ 8 walls ) sculptures ( ! de$s ( 
8 h]o-k+s2 ! ,franciscans fresco$ !     
walls ( _! *apels ) ! life ( ,jesus z   
told 9 ! ,gospels--! life ( ! ,div9e    
build]1 ( ,him :o came to re/ore a      
k+dom1 by ^: life & dea? a new _w 0     
creat$4  ',b ! ,temple ( ,vision (      
to-day2 ! new ,t5t ( ,meet+4 ,:at ( x8  
,! new home ( vision w be fresco$ ) !   
?\ghts ( to-day1 *ang+ into ! ?\ghts (  
to-morr[4 ,g5]ations ( work]s w g up    
into ! m\nt1 & to !m1 too1 w be %[n !   
patt]n4 ,see t ?\ make !m aft] _! patt]n
 :i* ha? be5 %[n !e 9 ! m\nt4'    #b    

,n[ ?is is a v great & novel idea1 !    
idea ( a mod]n temple set l a m9]'s     
lant]n 9 ! =efront ( s*ool or college to
 light its task 9 ! _w4 ,x r\nds (f &   
completes ,s&]son's vision ( a mod]n    
s*ool2 x is logically ess5tial to t     
vision4 ,b mean:ile :at 0 happ5+ to !   
s*ool-*apel project8  ,=1 aft] all1 9 ! 
old] type ( s*ool1 ! *apel ) its mat9s &
 ev5song1 its ,onw>d ,*ri/ian ,soldi]s &
 su*like /irr+ hymns1 its confirmations 
& fir/ communions1 0 9 a r dreamy1      
=mless me*anical way und]tak+ to d      
precisely :at ! new ,h\se ( ,vision 0   
also to d1 t is1 to give a direction to 
! :ole subsequ5t life4 ,b 0 x ! same    
direction8 ,! normal s*ool-*apel po9ts  
up--n v effectively "o feels2 ! ,h\se ( 
,vision 0 to po9t onw>d4 ,s&]son _h a   
cr[d$1 capaci\s m9d1 b soon] or lat] !  
"q beh9d ^! two discrepant objectives1  
:e!r m5 are to live = heav5 or =        
creation1 0 b\nd to h come to an issue4 
,8 m5tal process 0 at fir/ syncretic4   
,he began to ?9k ( a s*ool-*apel1 n z a 

place = =mal s]vices b z a place (      
m$itation & resolve4 ,he began to speak 
( ! *apel also z ?\gh x 0 to be '! t5t  
on ! m\nt1' ! place ( vision4 ,he       
betray$ a gr[+ ho/ility to ! inton$     
pray]s1 ! trite responses1 ! tuneful    
empty hymns1 ! ,anglican vacuity ( !    
normal *apel proc$ure4 ,_h he liv$ to   
guide ! build+ ( ,oundle *apel ,i       
believe x w\ld h div]g$ m & m f any     
prec$5t1 m & m 9 ! direction ( t ,h\se (
 ,vision1 t ! premature & insuffici5t   
,eric ,y>r[ build+ _h s pitifully fail$ 
to realise4  ,"h is evid5ce ( t div]g5ce
 9 a passage f a s]mon prea*$ aft] a    
ga!r+ ( p>5ts & old boys 9 ! ,c\rt ,room
 at ! ,london ,groc]s' ,hall to discuss 
! *apel project4 ,i ask any "o tra9$ 9 !
 s]vices ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& & accu/om$  
to ent]1 pray into a silk hat1 deposit x
 "u ! seat1 sit d[n1 /& up1 b[1         
g5uflect1 kneel decor\sly on a hassock1 
s+1 repeat responses1 & g ?r\gh ! simple
 & :olesome ,sw$i% ex]cises ( !         
,anglican pray] book1 :at is to be ?\ght

 ( ?is project ( a *apel ) h>dly a sitt+
 9 x8 ,& :at is to be ?\ght ( ?is       
sugge/ion ( w&]+ r\nd ! aisles8 ,& :at  
is ?is talk ( "y g5tlem5 :o h di$ '= k+ 
& c\ntry1' ca/+ d[n _! lives = ! rescue 
( man8  ',= ! ye>s to come1 :5 ! w> is  
ov]1 x w be well to h "s visible        
memorial2 "s symbol ( ! r$emption ( !   
,great ,w>1 & ( ! h]oic "p old boys h   
tak5 9 x2 "s record ( ! great /ruggle f 
out ( :i* ! new _s w rise2 "s record ( !
 "p ! :ole s*ool took 9 ?is2 "s record (
 ! boys :o h fall52 "s ?anksgiv+ symbol 
= all :o h giv5 _! s]vice4 ,& = ?is x is
 propos$ to build a *apel4 ,b :5 ! "t   
comes we %all be sad to leave our pres5t
 build+4 ,x is a poor build+1 b x is v  
ri* 9 its associations4 ,! s]vices 9 ?is
 tempor>y *apel h tak5 a l>ge "p 9 !    
build+ ( ! s*ool4 ,simple z is ! ,t5t 9 
! ,wild]ness1 yet we h hop$ t ! ,_s (   
,god w\ld come & dwell 9 x4 ,we h hop$ t
 ! ,div9e ,_s w\ld come into all !      
activities & outlook ( ! s*ool 9 its    
div]se occupations1 :e!r !y be lit]>y or

 :e!r !y be sci5tific or te*nical4 ,& we
 h always look$ onw>d to ! day :5 a     
p]man5t *apel %\ld be built1 symbolic ( 
! ,div9e ,omnipres5ce = wor%ip & =      
sacrifice4  ',& ?is is :at is 9 m9d to  
d--& yet ,i confess to a c]ta9 am\nt (  
fe>4 ,a l(ty1 spaci\s *apel ,i h _h no  
d\bt w\ld at ! "r mom5t be built by !   
,groc]s' ,company4 ,j be=e ! w> ! build+
 ( ?is *apel 0 em]g+ z ! next great     
build+ to und]take--a *apel1 su* z a    
college *apel ) /alls1 z = private      
s]vice4 ,b n[ we look beyond ?is4 ,we   
want some?+ diff]5t1 m op54 ,a l(ty1    
spaci\s *apel to =m ! nave--no fix$     
seats1 ! cle> op5 space2 quiet1 /ill1   
urg5t ) beauty4 ,jo9$ to ?is ! *oir &   
sanctu>y1 ) aisles r\nd ! ?ree sides (  
x1 =m+ an ambulatory4 ,r\nd ^! aisles1  
on ! walls & 9 ! w9d[s1 ! record$ memory
 ( ! boys :o h fall54 ,an ea/ w9d[1 a   
r]$os1 /alls1 alt>4 ,a *apel1 abundant 9
 space1 n = ! m9d to sit d[n 91 b = !   
m9d to move ab\t 91 = contemplation1 =  
dwell+ 9 ! inf9ite1 = pi]c+ ?r\gh !     

night1 = vision1 = ! cle> _s (          
?ankfulness1 = communion ) ! sa9ts1 our 
own "y sa9ts among !m4 ,s we hope4 ,z y 
w&] r\nd ! aisles !re w pass be=e y !   
memorial ( ^? boys :o h ca/ d[n _! lives
 = ! rescue ( man4'    #c  ,i _c guess  
h[ ,s&]son1 _h he liv$1 w\ld h resolv$  
?is conflict betwe5 8 ,h\se ( ,vision & 
8 ,great ,*apel1 j z ,i c haz>d no      
op9ion ( ! ultimate =m 8 int]pretation (
 ,*ri/ianity w\ld h tak54 ,b !          
recognition ( ^! conflicts is fundam5tal
 to my conception ( ! man & 8           
significance4  ,he /&s = a great        
multitude reluctant to ab&on _m ( !     
famili> phrases ( ! ,*ri/ian use & eag] 
to read new & deep] mean+s into !m4 ,b  
he nev] took 'holy ord]s'2 he knew !    
days ( ! prie/1 except = evil1 7 pa/1 & 
x is only by its be+ born aga9 z a ,h\se
 ( ,vision t he c\ld anticipate 8 *apel 
) cont5tm5t4 ,! "t has come = mank9d to 
*oose pla9ly betwe5 ! prie/ & ! tea*]4  
,"s six mon?s aft] ,s&]son's dea? ,i w5t
 to ,oundle & visit$ ! ,y>r[ ,memorial1 

t abortive fir/ ,h\se ( ,vision4 ,except
 = a bronze /atue ( a boy by ,lady      
,scott t ,s&]son _h lik$ & b\ght1 x 0 z 
,i _h se5 x ) ,s&]son a ye> be=e4 ,x 0  
/ill1 des]t$1 & ,i suppose ,i mu/ c\nt x
 dead4 ,! "t-*>ts _h n be5 c>ri$ on4 ,! 
collection ( inv5tions1 ! display (     
humanity's gr[?1 7 /ill repres5t$ by    
empty cases4 ,! /atue 0 int5d$ = ! s*ool
 *apel1 b mean:ile x _h be5 dump$ 9 !   
,h\se ( ,vision z a conv5i5t vacant     
place = su* dump+4 ,! bronze boy is 9 an
 eag] pose2 !re is duty to be done &    
dang] to be fac$ & a great creative ef=t
 to be made4 ',s5d me6' he said1 9 t    
empty1 neglect$ ,h\se ( ,vision4 ,b ! h&
 t w\ld h put t d>t to ! b[/r+ & aim$ x 
at "w & s]vice 0 !re no m4  ,build+     
op]ations ^u ! *apel 7 proce$+ sl[ly4 ,!
 ris+ walls 7 v l ! ris+ walls ( ! sort 
( *ur* = respectable p t gets built 9   
,surbiton or ,beck5ham4 ,i ga!r t 9 all 
probability x w ev5 c>ry ! debt cu/om>y 
9 su* cases4 ,! new headma/] 01 ,i f\nd1
 a ?or\ghly pleasant man :o came n f an 

elem5t>y s*ool b f ,eton1 & _h nev] met 
,s&]son 9 8 life & knew no?+ ( 8 "w4 ,he
 seem$ dispos$ to reg>d ,s&]son z a bit 
( a crank & to be intellig5tly puzzl$ by
 8 orig9alities4 ,i felt assur$ t :5 at 
la/ t old corrugat$-iron build+ is      
ab&on$ = ! new *apel !re w\ld be pews 9 
! new nave 9 spite ( ,s&]son1 & s]vices 
( an altoge!r normal type & no nons5se (
 walk+ ab\t & ?9k+ or any?+ ( t sort4   
,b ?\gh ,i h se5 ! ,h\se ( ,vision at   
,oundle dead & vacant z a museum skull1 
yet ,i "k surely t nei!r ,s&]son nor 8  
,h\se ( ,vision are 9 any real s5se dead
 at all4 ,a day w c]ta9ly come :5 8 "n w
 be hon\r$ above all o!r contempor>y    
s*oolma/]s z ! precursor ( a new age 9  
education & human affairs4 ,9 t age (   
realisation e village w be dom9at$ by   
its s*ool1 ) its libr>y & !atre1 its    
laboratories & gymnasium1 e t[n w       
conv]ge ^u its clu/] ( s*ools &         
colleges1 its rese>* build+s & ! l1 & x 
w h its ,great ,*apel1 its ,h\se (      
,vision z its cr[n & symbol ev5 z !     

ca!dral 0 ! cr[n & symbol ( ! be+ &     
devotion ( ! m$ieval city4 ,& !re9      
,s&]son's /\t hopefulness & pione]      
?ru/+s w be kept 9 remembrance by       
g5]ations t h come up to ! pit* (       
und]/&+ him4     ,,*apt] ,,viii  ,,!    
,,la/ ,,lecture    #a  ,s&]son's        
propag&a ( ?is idea ( ! possible        
reorganisation ( ! _w ?r\gh s*ools came 
to an abrupt end 9 ! summ] ( #aibb4 ,he 
di$ sudd5ly ( he>t failure 9 !          
,botanical ,!atre ( ,univ]sity ,college1
 ,london1 at ! end ( an address to !    
,national ,union ( ,sci5tific ,work]s4  
,he _h *os5 z ! title ( ! address1 ',!  
,duty & ,s]vice ( ,sci5ce 9 ! ,new      
,era1' & x 0 9 effect a recapitulation (
 8 mo/ *>act]i/ic views4 ,he atta*$     
consid]able importance to ! deliv]y & he
 made unusual prep>ations = x4  ,^u 8   
desk aft] 8 dea? sev5 sep>ate drafts1 & 
!y 7 all v full drafts1 ( ?is address 7 
f\nd4 ,9 ! m>g9s ( ! pages little sums h
 be5 work$ out--s _m pages at ?ree      
hundr$ words a page1 f\r ?\s&1 five ?\s&

 words2 a full h\r's talk+1 & /ill s mu*
 to say6 ,!re are little notes fram$ 9 a
 sort ( ,ox=d frame ( l9es rem9d+ him1 =
 example1 to 'say m ( br++ sci5tific    
me?od into all p>ts ( s*ool4' ,on !     
rev]se ( ! pages ( manuscript are trial 
re/atem5ts4 ,he tri$ back sev]al times  
to a fre% beg9n+4 ,!re is a page head$  
',! ,new ,s*ool1' & giv+ ?ree head+s3 ! 
fir/1 :i* he aft]w>ds m>k$ z second1 is1
 ',! faculty ( ea* memb] %all be        
develop$'2 ! second1 :i* became ! fir/1 
is ',community s]vice--no competition'2 
! ?ird is1 ',outlook--aim1 m value ?an  
ability4 ,s]vice4 ,all are equal4 ,! ,_s
 & ! ,bride say1 ,come4 ,let all t w1   
come4'  ,!n we f9d him try+ ov] 8 ideas 
ab\t sci5ce "u a head+1 ',:at we claim =
 sci5ce4' ,"u t are a numb] ( int]e/+   
subheads3--        ',its own value 9 !  
great discov]ies4       ',t its _s is t 
( life1 giv+1 *ang+1 se>*+4             
7,m>g9al note3--)\t be+ det]r$ by any ( 
! results      :i* may foll[47       ',x
 is natural to ! va/ numb] ( boys4      

',v directly applicable to ne$s4        
',t x has a language & a message4       
7,m>g9al note3--x seeks      to te/1 to 
create new /&>ds1 to fe>lessly rewrite  
k47       ',! same _s4 78 z ,*ri/ianity3
 ,editor47   ,f9ally he produc$ a draft 
:i* 0 at lea/ 8 eigh?4 ,?is he _h pr9t$ 
& ?is he may h int5d$ to read to !      
meet+4 ,b he did n d s4 ,9 ! end he     
spoke f a fre% set ( notes1 :i* mu/ h   
be5 at lea/ ! n9? draft4 ,t eigh? draft 
is giv5 9 full 9 ! (ficial ,life4  ,8   
heal? _h n be5 good = "s "t1 & he kept  
?is lecture & 8 exceptional int]e/ 9 x m
 or less secret f 8 wife4 ,he sp5t a    
long & int]e/$ morn+ at ! exp]im5tal f>m
 at ,ro?am/$1 & 9 ! aft]noon he w5t to !
 opticians to get a new pair (          
spectacles & att5d$ to o!r small        
bus9esses4 ,he met a small p>ty ( u at !
 ,london ,univ]sity ,club 9 ,g[] ,/reet 
to take tea be=e lectur+4 ,sir ,ri*>d   
,gregory1 ! editor ( ,nature1 0 pres5t1 
,major ,*ur*1 ! secret>y ( ! ,national  
,union ( ,sci5tific ,work]s1 & ,dr4     

,*>les ,s+]1 ! hi/orian ( classical     
sci5ce4 ,s&]son 0 evid5tly hot & r tir$1
 b he did n seem to be ill2 he gossip$  
pleasantly ) u & %[$ u 8 new spectacles4
 ,!y 7 made ( a rec5tly discov]$ glass1 
opaque to ultra-violet rays & he betray$
 ! pride & int]e/ ( a boy 9 possess+ !m4
  ,univ]sity ,college 0 n v f> away1 b  
he ask$ = a cab ?i!r because he felt    
fagg$4 ,! audi5ce 0 already assembl$ &  
he w5t /raight on to ! plat=m4 ,! pres5t
 writ] made a few introductory rem>ks1 &
 ! lecture began4 ,x is a matt] ( ke5   
regret to all ( u t we all[$ him to /&  
?r\gh\t 8 disc\rse4 ,x w\ld h be5 s easy
 to h arrang$ = him to talk f a *air2 ! 
,botanical ,!atre is n a l>ge "o & x is 
q conceivable t he might be alive n[1 if
 "o ( u c\ld h _h t mu* ?\ghtfulness =  
him4 ,we _h ?\ght ( x--t5 m9utes aft] 8 
dea?4  ,b we 7 all s us$ to ! quality ( 
ef=t 9 8 voice1 s accu/om$ to its sudd5 
fall into almo/ inaudible asides1 t we  
did n m>k :at hung ov] u until ! v mom5t
 ( cata/rophe4 ,8 s5t5ces seem$ to me a 

little m brok5 ?an usual2 he 0 r m      
disconnect$1 he 0 leav+ r m ?an usual to
 ! intellig5ce ( 8 audi5ce1 & z he talk$
 ,i wat*$ ! faces be=e me r anxi\sly to 
see j h[ mu* !y miss$ ( :at he 0 try+ to
 get ov] to !m4 ,he got ov] mu* m ?an ,i
 suppos$1 = ,i h s9ce talk$ ) _m :o 7   
pres5t4 ,a fairly full %or?& note 0 made
 at ! "t1 & on ?is ! foll[+ r5d]+ ( !   
la/ address is bas$4 ,l ev]y?+ t has be5
 pr9t$ ( 8 "h1 x has be5 clipp$ & %orn1 
little di/ract+ side glances h be5      
elim9at$ & brok5 s5t5ces fill$ 9 & r\nd$
 (f4    #b  ',x is a great hon\r1' he   
began1 'to come & address sci5tific     
work]s 7,i h only rec5tly discov]$ my   
claim to be a sci5tific work]71 & to    
describe to y :at has turn$ out to be a 
sci5tific exp]im5t4 ,i hope to %[ !     
results ( an exp]im5t c>ri$ on1 n 9 a   
sci5tific laboratory s-call$--physical1 
*emical1 biological1 or                 
an?ropological--b 9 a s*ool = boys4     
',be=e do+ t1 ,i %\ld l to say t we     
sci5tific work]s d v mu* dep5d on hav+ a

 numb] ( u toge!r4 ,"o sci5tific work]  
plac$ 9 *>ge ( any great "w f9ds x      
difficult2 sci5tific work]s d n get !   
*ance ( appo9t+ m5 9 sympa?y ) !mselves 
(t5 en\gh2 s x is frequ5tly said t      
sci5tific m5 plac$ 9 comm& ( a factory 9
 indu/ry or a dep>tm5t ( /ate at home or
 9 ! colonies fail4 ,well1 if s1 !y fail
 because sci5tific m5 h n (t5 got !     
opportunity ( gett+ m5 ( l sympa?y to "w
 ) !m4 ,i take x t ! object ( !         
,national ,union ( ,sci5tific ,work]s is
 to get sci5tific m5 ) sci5tific views (
 life & exp]im5tal exp]i5ce to jo9      
toge!r 9 "s great "w4 ,:5 ,i speak ( !  
duty & s]vice ( sci5ce 9 ! new era1 ,i  
mean t ,i want sci5tific m5 to claim    
ju/ly a l>g] %>e 9 ! "w ( ! _w1 & n to  
conf9e !mselves to :at is call$ purely  
sci5tific "w4 ,we want !m to exp&       
!mselves ov] a wid] area4 ,z a matt] (  
fact1 t is :at two di/+ui%$ writ]s h    
sugge/$3 t ! "t has come :5 ! ord9>y    
discov]ies & inv5tions ( sci5ce %\ld be 
clos$ d[n 9 ord] to enable sci5tific    

m9ds to d ?is simple ?+4 ,practically   
ev]y?+ t exi/s n[ is ! "w ( sci5tific   
m51 _! discov]ies & _! inv5tions4 ,!    
:ole _w teems ) ! results ( ! "w (      
sci5ce4 ,! great ma*9es we see us$ 9    
indu/ry--! indu/rial ma*9e itself--h be5
 creat$ by m5 ( sci5ce4 ,n[1 ,i put x to
 y t :5 motor c>s came 91 ! nobility ( !
 l& f\nd _! coa*m5 ( little use4 ,!     
sci5tific ma*9e requires sci5tific m5 to
 manage x4 ,our indu/rial life is       
imp]fectly organis$2 all our tr\bles are
 due to ! fact t we h a process creat$  
by sci5ce1 b organis$ 9 ! old way by m5 
( a diff]5t outlook4 ,! discov]ies (    
sci5ce h ru%$ into ! _w a consid]able   
am\nt ( unexpect$ ability4 ,work+ m5    
engag$ 9 indu/rial pursuits h _h _!     
intellig5ce discov]$ & br\ght out1 & x  
is "o ?+ to control a mass ( human be+s 
:o are n ?us inspir$ ) ! k ( _! own     
possibilities1 & ano!r to control ^? :o 
are4 ,x is l try+ to control a set (    
live molecules4 ,x is "o ?+ to control a
 h>d atom & ano!r to control a live     

electron4  ',s t ! duty & s]vice (      
sci5ce w\ld seem to lie 9 sci5tific m5  
br++ _! ideal ( life1 _! /&>ds1 _!      
vision1 _! outlook1 & _! me?ods to      
organise ! great ma*9e t _! inv5tions h 
creat$4 ,y _c h a _w half sci5tific & ! 
o!r half no?+ ( ! sort4  ',t is to say1 
sci5tific work]s w h to consid] ! :ole  
"q1 = in/ance1 ( economics4 ,i he>d     
ye/]day a di/+ui%$ memb] ( ! ,gov]nm5t  
say+ t we _c *ange economics4 ,( c\rse1 
t is "o ?+ sci5tific m5 h got to d1 to  
*ange economics s t ! sy/em ( our       
indu/ry %all be recreat$4 ,! sy/em (    
managem5t by dual control ( ! ma/] & !  
slave w n "w :5 ! slave becomes an      
alive1 active1 intellig5t1 an>*ic be+4  
,he w n be gov]n$ by ! re9 b by a sy/em 
:i* ! magnet c influ5ce4 ,h[ev]1 ! la/  
hundr$ ye>s has result$ 9 a race betwe5 
! *ang$ conditions t sci5ce has br\ght  
ab\t & ! organisation requir$ to control
 !m1 9 :at has be5 call$ by ,mr4 ,wells 
a race betwe5 education & cata/rophe4 ,9
 sci5tific language1 x has produc$ a    

s]i\s /ress because ( ! hurry+ on (     
*ange ( conditions & ! lagg+ beh9d ( !  
me?ods ( controll+ !m4 ,x is ?is /ress1 
,i ?9k1 :i* has brok5 up ! sy/em4 ,y may
 ev5 say t ! w> itself is no cause (    
any?+1 b a result ( ! purely automatic  
action ( %e>+ =ces1 z :5 a te/+ ma*9e   
breaks a metal b>4  ',! end ( ! w> has  
left u ) a :ole ho/ ( individuals set   
free1 & ! bus9ess be=e sci5ce m5 is to  
organise ?is new body4 ,x is a big      
problem1 & requires sci5tific ?\ght1    
temp]am5t1 & outlook to rewrite         
practically ! :ole ( our k4 ,x rem9ds me
 ( ! trem5d\s ru% !re 0 among/ sci5tific
 m5 to provide work]s to ov]haul        
practically ev]y?+ 9 biology 7& !ology7 
& o!r p>ts ( human k aft] ! doctr9es (  
,d>w9 7 well e/abli%$4 ,i take x t all !
 dep>tm5ts ( human life h to be rewritt5
 by m5 "u ! influ5ce ( ! _s ( sci5ce4   
,our books h to be rewritt51 our v      
diction>ies4 ,i h (t5 amus$ myself ) !  
,ox=d ,diction>y1 or f\nd x necess>y to 
s5d a boy to t au?ority = a def9ition1 &

 x has pretty ne>ly always be5 false4   
,take su* a simple case z ! ^w          
democracy4 ,! ,ox=d ,diction>y hasn't a 
?+ to tell y ab\t ! mean+ ( democracy z 
we use x to-day4 ,x tells y no?+ ( !    
liv+ use ( words4 ,t is "o ( ! t]rible  
dang]s ( leav+ our books 9 ! h&s ( m5 :o
 h n got t outlook :i* exp]im5t 9 sci5ce
 br+s to ! individual4 ,consequ5tly ,i  
say t ! duty ( sci5tific m5 is to sc\r !
 :ole area ( k & rewrite x to br+ out   
new /&>ds1 new values1 by means ( :i*   
lab\r & indu/ry itself1 9 ! fir/        
in/ance1 c be reorganis$ 7! s*ools fir/ 
%\ld be reorganis$71 & !n y c ext5d x   
into ! wid] area ( int]national affairs4
  ',!y tell u t economics _c *ange our  
human nature4 ,t is ! great duty &      
s]vice ( sci5ce--to *ange human nature4 
,sci5tific m5 h to collect a b& (       
disciples & make a new _w4 ,z f> z ,i c 
ga!r1 f a long connection ) boys1 ! only
 sci5tific quality :i* is con/ant is    
in]tia 9 response to *ange4 ,! actual   
*ange itself1 :5 x has arriv$1 no "o    

objects to1 & e "o says1 ,:y didn't we d
 t be=e8 ,sci5tific work]s r>ely h _!   
opportunity 9 indu/ry4 ,to h _! full    
opportunity !y are to set =? 9 ! _s ( ! 
,great ,ma/] to f\nd a new k+dom3 n to  
manage indu/ry by ! /&>ds & values ( !  
pres5t1 b to trans=m !m4 ,& !y mu/ d :at
 our ,ma/] ,himself did--collect a      
fai?ful b& ( disciples imbu$ ) ! same   
belief4 ,i "k x is freely said 7,i h be5
 correspond+ ) "s ( ! lead]s 9 indu/ry7 
t sci5tific m5 _c d ?is ?+4 ,!y c1 if   
only !y are true to !mselves & _!       
vision2 !y c absolutely *ange ! :ole    
sy/em "u :i* indu/ry is work$1 & *ange !
 _w to _! ideals4  ',come1 & ,i w make y
 fi%]s ( m54444 ,! great "w t lies be=e 
sci5tific work]s to-day is to ext5d !   
area ( _! lab\rs1 to become n fi%]s (   
facts b fi%]s ( m54 ,!re w always be a  
di/+ui%$ b& ( purely sci5tific m5 devot$
 to pure sci5ce1 :o w abide devot$ to   
pure sci5ce2 b ) ! pres5t numb] tra9$ 9 
sci5ce1 we claim !m also to organise !  
ma*9]y t sci5ce has creat$4 ,!y mu/     

leave _! %ips & nets & become fi%]s (   
m54444 ,i d>e-say ev5 sci5tific work]s  
"k t is f ! ,bible4 ,"o ( ! greate/     
trag$ies sci5tific m5 h all[$ is = o!rs 
to /eal ! ,bible f !m4 ,! ,old & ,new   
,te/am5ts1 ) _! record ( progressive    
revelation1 =m ! mo/ sci5tific book ev] 
se54 ,yet sci5tific m5 h all[$ a c]ta9  
type ( m5 to /eal x f !m4 ,bible /eal+  
is an old ?+1 & "o fav\rite me?od is to 
b9d x 9 morocco & to put x on a top     
%elf4444  ',b ,i mu/ return to my       
sci5tific bus9ess4 ,:5 ,i 0 at          
,cambridge ,i 0 n reg>d$ z sci5tific4 ,i
 0 among/ ^? :o took ma!matics1 & ^? :o 
took ma!matics & classics 7 respectable 
& _h to att5d *apel4 ,b if y incl9$ at  
all t[>ds sci5ce1 or ev5 e?ics1 y 7 n   
suppos$ to att5d *apel4444  ',i said t  
,i h rec5tly discov]$ ,i am a sci5tific 
work]1 t ,i h be5 work+ a sci5tific     
exp]im5t1 ?\gh n ( ! k9d accept$ =      
report to ! ,royal ,society4 ,x has be5 
work$ by be+ headma/] ( a s*ool = ?irty 
ye>s & by hav+ taught = =ty ye>s4 ,:5 ,i

 became a headma/] ,i began by introduc+
 eng9e]+ into ! s*ool--appli$ sci5ce4 ,!
 fir/ effect 0 t a l>ge numb] ( boys :o 
c\ld n d o!r ?+s c\ld d t4 ,!y began to 
l _! "w 9 s*ool4 ,!y began to l s*ool4  
,t l$ on to introduc+ a l>ge numb] ( o!r
 sci5ces1 su* z agricultural *emi/ry1   
horse-%oe+ 7if t is a sci5ce71          
metallurgical *emi/ry1 bio-*emi/ry1     
agriculture2 &1 ( c\rse1 ^! new sorts ( 
"w int]e/$ a l>ge numb] ( o!r boys ( a  
type diff]5t f ! type int]e/$ 9 ! old   
"w1 s we got an exceptional numb] (     
boys1 curi\sly en\gh1 unexpect$ly lik+  
:at !y _h to d 9 s*ool4 ,!n ,i v5tur$ to
 d some?+ d>+2 x is mo/ d>+ to introduce
 ! sci5tific me?od ( f9d+ out ! tru?--a 
dang]\s ?+--by ! process ( exp]im5t &   
rese>*4 ,we began to replace explicit   
tea*+ by f9d+ out4 ,we did ?is fir/ ) ^!
 newly introduc$ sci5ces4 ,!n we began  
to impress ! aims & outlook ( sci5ce on 
to o!r dep>tm5ts ( s*ool life4 ,hi/ory1 
= in/ance3 we began to replace ! old    
class-room tea*+ & le>n+ by a laboratory

 = hi/ory1 full ( books & o!r ?+s       
requir$ 9 abundance1 s t boys 9 all p>ts
 ( ! s*ool c\ld1 = "s specific purpose  
7n to le>n2 to g into s*ool to le>n 0   
egoti/ical71 f9d out ! ?+s we requir$ = 
to-day4 ,we set !m to f9d out ?+s = !   
s]vice ( sci5ce1 ! s]vice ( lit]ature1  
mod]n languages1 music4  ',?is began to 
*ange ! :ole organisation ( ! s*ool1 its
 aims & me?ods4 ,x 0 no use organis+    
boys 9 =ms by ! ord9>y me?ods (         
promotion = ?is sort ( "w4 ,y h to make 
up y\r m9d :at y h to d1 & !n g ab\t &  
collect anybody :o w\ld be ( s]vice to t
 p>ticul> "w4 ,y w\ld require boys ( "o 
*>act]i/ic & boys ( ano!r4 ,y make !m up
 into teams = ! p>ticul> "w !y h to d4  
,! boys :o d n fit into ?is or t        
p>ticul> "w mu/ h "s o!r p>ticul> "w    
f\nd = !m4 ,y beg9 to design ! "w ( !   
s*ool = !m4 ,y mu/ h all ! app>atus y   
want = x1 & y mu/ organise = x1 b y beg9
 by organis+ ! "w = ! boys & :at !y ne$ 
to f9d out1 & n by putt+ ! boys into !  
organisation4 ,n[1 pres5tly y discov]1  

:5 y d ?is1 t n a s+le boy exi/s :o is n
 want$ = "s p>ticul> "w2 to c>ry out y\r
 object e boy is fundam5tally equal4 ,"o
 does ?is1 "o does t4 ,ea* boy has 8    
place 9 ! team1 & 9 8 place he is z     
important z any o!r boy4 ,plac+ !m 9    
ord] ( m]it does n "w any m4 ,!         
sci5tific me?od absolutely *ang$ !      
position t[>ds class li/s & ord] ( m]it4
 ,t 0 an a/oni%+ result4  ',ano!r       
a/oni%+ result 0 t we c\ld n h anybody  
:o 0 n work+4 ,if a boy 0 n work+1 y    
c\ld see t he 0 n work+4 ,y c\ld see t  
he 0 do+ no?+4 ,he c\ld n sit at ! back 
( a class-room & seem to be work+4      
,ev]ybody 0 work+4 ,y c manage t 9      
s*ool1 b :at ab\t ! _w8 ,all sorts ( p  
may seem to be work+ & n be work+ at    
all4 ,! curate may be do+ no?+6 7,*uckle
 & some?+ inaudible47 ,?is seems to l& u
 into ! extraord9>y fact t no community 
if x is sci5tifically organis$ c c>ry   
any "o :o does n d s]vice4 ,i hope y w  
agree ) me t t is sci5tific4  ',a little
 f>!r on ,i turn$ r\nd on ! boys & !    

p>5ts4 7,bo? are my bus9ess47 ,i said1  
,i h & ! s*ool has tri$ all x c\ld to   
see to x t y\r boy got ! "r k9d ( "w to 
d4 ,we sp>$ no tr\ble or exp5se to see  
to x t he might be able to p]=m 8 s]vice
 9 ! s*ool & to ! community4444 ,:5 y g 
=? to y\r fa!r's works1 keep 9 m9d t x  
is y\r bus9ess to see to x t e p]son t  
comes )9 y\r influ5ce has a l           
opportunity4 ,t is totally diff]5t f y\r
 duty to y\r neighb\r z taught 9 ! ,*ur*
 ,cate*ism4 ,we h l&$ ourselves         
hopelessly 9 ! position ( hav+ a        
practical community def9ition ( our duty
 t[>ds our neighb\r4 ,y rememb] ! ri* "y
 rul] :o came to ask :at 8 duty 01 & w5t
 away sorr[ful because he _h great      
possessions4 ,"s ( ^! possessions 7     
p]haps intellectual4 ,i l to ?9k (      
,watts' picture ( t man & ,i l ,watts'  
idea t he came back4 ,i hope if any (   
our boys g away !y w come back4  ',ano!r
 /ep4 ,?is actual love ( "w spreads1 &  
ultimately e "o comes )9 its influ5ce1 &
 !y beg9 to l ! s]vice !y are r5d]+4    

,f9ally1 competition dw9dles & passes   
away1 s t we h rea*$ :at appe>s to be a 
*ange 9 human nature4 ,x is n really a  
*ange1 b by c>e & att5tion call+ out :at
 has always be5 ready !re 9 human       
nature1 namely1 a fir/ in/9ctive love to
 create4 ,i h always held t competition 
is a second>y int]e/ & creation a prim>y
 in/9ct4 ,competition dw9dles & passes  
away4 ,competition is a v feeble        
inc5tive to live4 ,x is *eap & easy to  
ar\se ! motive1 x is a swift motive & on
 ! surface ( ?+s ready = y1 b x is n ev5
 a p[]ful motive4 ,half ! boys x        
dispirits & leaves idle & useless4  ',! 
pass+ ( competition leads on to ano!r ?+
 pass+ away1 :i* is ?is3 y soon f9d t a 
body ( work]s t z a community has       
attempt$ to provide = itself1 z a       
community adapts itself to ! community  
_s1 & puni%m5t is totally unnecess>y4 ,x
 0 a long "t be=e t dawn$ on me4 ,i h n1
 z a headma/]1 tak5 any "p 9 any %ape 9 
puni%+ boys directly1 ei!r by ! easy    
me?ods suppos$ to tra9 !m = aft] life or

 by ! o!r me?ods t h sprung f ! f]tile  
bra9s ( a dom9ant ord]4 ,puni%m5t1 ,i   
decl>e f ye>s ( exp]i5ce 9 ?is exp]im5t1
 is a crime3 n only a crime b a blund]4 
,:y8 ,because x is a *eap & easy ?+4 ,if
 y puni% x is easy1 b if a community has
 s to arrange itself & adapt itself z to
 produce ! reaction on ! individual n to
 d objectionable ?+s1 t is h>d4 ,x is   
complicat$4 ,x requires an abundance (  
real sacrifice4 ,x dem&s readju/m5t (   
ev]y?+ ^u a basis ( s]vice4 ,i h be5 mu*
 impress$ rec5tly by ! effect ( hav+    
puni%m5t organis$ 9 remov+ any activity 
on ! "p ( ! community itself t[>ds      
adju/+ itself s t puni%m5t %\ld n be    
necess>y4 ,i us$ to flatt] myself1 ,i   
don't puni% t boy1 my prefects d2 !y    
keep me "r4 ,b ,i h be5 conv9c$ by my   
?irty ye>s ( exp]im5t t t 0 all wrong4  
,^! ?+s come sl[ly4 ,n[1 )\t any action 
on my "p1 ! prefects h /opp$ puni%+1 & a
 good ?+ = !m4 ,if !y leave _! boots    
ab\t1 ! small boys w too1 & !y w h to   
puni% !m = do+ s4 ,to leave y\r own     

boots ab\t l a "l is a f9e ?+1 & to     
puni% ! small boy :o does s is also a   
f9e ?+6 ,b x is easy4 ,! h>d ?+ is nev] 
to leave y\r own boots ab\t4444  ',!    
reactions t we h be5 taught to make 9 ! 
_w are weakly /atic4 ,:at is ! good (   
/atic me?ods8 ,!re is friction2 we are  
told h[ to ov]come frictional resi/ance4
 ,we c put an end to friction by /opp+ !
 ma*9e4 ,t is ! /atic me?od ( deal+ )   
friction4 ,or we c g on work+ ! ma*9e1 )
 oil & c>e 444 :i* is n s *eap & easy1 b
 :i* gets some:]e4444 ,if we try to     
remove friction by ! /atic me?ods (     
puni%m5t we are remov+ ! inc5tive to    
live a dang]\s life4 ,! secret ( a      
joyful life is to live dang]\sly4 ,y    
only live dang]\sly if y are p]petually 
try+ to ov]come y\r own in]tia & try+ to
 get ! capacity to d great ?+s4 ,if y   
are only def5sive1 /atic1 x is a wa/e ( 
"t4 ,yet ^? def5ces & resi/ances are    
securely plac$ 9 ! gov]nance ( ! /ate4  
,:at a curi\s ?+ is ! =m ( gov]nm5t6    
,its *>act]i/ics include no rep5tance1  

no regret1 o!rwise x w\ld ackn[l$ge     
itself less ?an ! gov]n$4 ,its ideal is 
a p]petual /atic calm4 ,suavit] 9 modo1 
=tit] 9 re4 ,x is ! me?od ( p :o p]=m ! 
confid5ce trick4 ,x is ! me?od ( ,if y  
want peace1 prep>e = w>4 444'  ,= "s    
m9utes ,mr4 ,s&]son paus$4 ,he look$ at 
8 notes4 ,he 0 obvi\sly v fatigu$1 b v  
resolute to cont9ue4 ,he read3--        
',acquisitiv5ess leads to ^! glorifi$   
?+s3 g5]al sci5ce1 g5]al k1 national    
hi/ory1 s*ol>%ips1 exam9ations1 advanc$ 
c\rses1 int]e/+ ?+s 7:oev] want$ to be  
int]e/$871 ! !ological ?+ call$         
syncretism1 tact1 sw9dl+4444'  ,mr4     
,s&]son /opp$ & smil$ 9 a brea?less     
mann]1 half pant+1 half laugh+1 v       
*>act]i/ic ( him4 ,8 glasses gleam$ at !
 audi5ce4 ,8 smile meant3 ',we are go+ a
 little too fa/1 boys4 ,:]e are we gett+
 to8 ,:]e are we gett+ to8' ,he affect$ 
to ref] to 8 notes & !n broke away ^u a 
new l9e4  ',out ( all ^! ?+s ,i h be5   
tell+ y1 out ( all ^! consid]ations1    
evolves ! mod]n s*ool4 ,! mod]n s*ool is

 n made by ! v simple & easy me?od (    
ab&on+ ,greek4 7,laught]47 ,nor is x    
made by introduc+ sci5ce or eng9e]+4 ,! 
mod]n s*ool's bus9ess is to impress into
 ! s]vice ( man e bran* ( human k we c  
get hold (4 ,! mod]n me?od 9 ! mod]n    
s*ool does n dep5d on any me?od ( tea*+4
 ,we he> a great deal ab\t me?ods (     
tea*+ languages1 ma!matics1 sci5ce2 !y  
are all trivial4 ,! great purpose is to 
enli/ ! boys or girls 9 ! s]vice ( man  
to-day & man to-morr[4 ,! me?od :i*     
makes le>n+ easy is wa/e ( "t4 ,:at boy 
w succumb to ! entreaty3 ,come1 ,i w    
make y clev]2 x w be s easy = y2 y w be 
able to le>n x )\t an ef=t8 ,:at !y     
succumb to is s]vice = ! community4 ,i h
 te/$ t 9 ! work%ops4 ,!y don't want to 
make ?+s = !mselves2 !y soon cease to h 
any long+ desire to make any?+ ev5 = _! 
mo!rs4 ,:at !y love to d is to take "p 9
 "s great "w t mu/ be done = !          
community2 "s "w t goes on beyond !m1 "s
 great spaci\s "w4 ,y c spread !m out   
into all sorts ( spaci\s ?+s1 9 all     

dep>tm5ts1 su* ?+s z tak+ "p 9          
inve/igat+ ! tru?4 ,! tru?1 = in/ance1 (
 ! actual condition ( ! coal-m9]s or (  
any m9]s4 ,an important "q :i* we h be5 
conc]n$ ) = at lea/ ?ree ye>s is ,:at is
 ,*9a8 ,:at is x l8 ,y may say1 ,me?ods 
( tea*+ geography4 ,b :o ev] le>n$ any?+
 f geography--z geography8 ,:o wants to 
"k geography--z geography8 ,books exi/ =
 x1 maps1 pla/ic9e exi/s = x4 ,we want  
to "k ab\t ,*9a4 ,if we are go+ to see  
to x t e "o ( our work+ m5 has ! same   
opportunities t 9 our s*ool we give to  
our boys we %all h "s difficulty ) ,*9a4
 ,we %all nev] be able to give our work+
 p ^! opportunities unless ! ,*9ese give
 !m too4 ,sci5tific m5 mu/ f9d !mselves 
dom9ant 9 ! ,=eign ,(fice & ,colonial   
,s]vice s z to "k :at is ! nature ( ! p 
9 ^! di/ant places1 h[ we c br+ to !m   
:at we are able to give to our sons--!  
opportunity ( mak+ ! highe/ & be/ use ( 
_! faculties4 ,we %all n get t sort ( ?+
 f geography books4 ,y w h to take !    
boys & let !m f9d out :at m5 h done :o h

 be5 9 ,*9a3 to get products f ,*9a2 to 
"k its geology1 & :e!r1 aft] all1 !     
,*9ese d s deeply love rice t !y want to
 live on a v little a day4 ,d ! ,*9ese  
love rice8 ,d !y love und]sell+ :ite    
lab\r8 ,d !y want to8 ,t is real        
geography1 b n class-room geography4 ,t 
ext5sion ( int]e/1 until ,*9a is br\ght 
into ! class-room & ! boys are f9d+ out 
ab\t x1 is1 ,i claim1 "o ( ! deepe/ &   
greate/ tasks to be und]tak54           
,*9a--,india--! ,durham m9]s--spaci\s   
und]tak+s4444  ',s*ools mu/ be equipp$  
spaci\sly1 spaci\sly1 & !y mu/ h a      
spaci\s /aff4 ,i h ! li/ ( our /aff "h4 
,we h ma/]s = ma!matics1 physics1       
*emi/ry1 me*anics1 biology1 zoology1    
an?ropology1 botany1 geology1           
ar*itecture1 classics1 hi/ory1          
lit]ature1 geography1 ar*aeology1       
economics1 ,fr5*1 ,g]man1 ,spani%1      
,italian1 ,russian1 ,ea/]n languages1   
art1 appli$ art1 h&icrafts1 & music4    
',impossible1 "s p say4 ,!re is no great
 s*ool 9 ! l& b c\ld q well af=d x4444  

',we mu/ s5d out work]s imbu$ ) !       
det]m9ation to seek & inve/igate        
tru?--tru? t w make !m free--& to take  
great c>e t 9 ! se>* = tru? !y w nev]   
take "p 9 or sympa?ise ) ^? me?ods by   
:i* ! edge ( tru? is blunt$4'    #c  ,! 
voice beside me /opp$4 ,"s "o pu%$ up a 
*air = ,s&]son & he sat d[n4 ,!re 0     
applause4 ,i /ood up & !n /ruck by a    
?\ght1 :isp]$3 ',w\ld y l to answ] a few
 que/ions8'  ',yes1 yes4 ,c]ta9ly1' he  
said4  ',n too tir$ to answ] !m8'       
',no--no4'  ,i _h a little /rip ( notes 
9 my h& & ,i ?\ght ( und]l9+ "o or two  
po9ts 9 ?is trem5d\s project ( a s*ool  
he _h spread be=e 8 audi5ce be=e ,i let 
9 ! que/ion]s4 ,i began by say+ t !     
lecture _h be5 a little h>d to foll[ b t
 x w\ld repay foll[+ into ! remote/     
corn]s ( its mean+4 ,!n ,i he>d a little
 commotion beh9d me & turn$ r\nd to see 
:at 0 ! matt]4 ,s&]son _h slipp$ f 8    
*air on to ! plat=m & 0 ly+ on 8 back   
brea?+ ho>sely4 ,8 coll> & tie 7 remov$ 
=?)4 ,!re 7 sev]al doctors on ! plat=m )

 u & !y set to "w ^u him4 ,i hesitat$ = 
a mom5t & !n decl>$ ! meet+ at an end1 &
 ask$ ! audi5ce to disp]se z spe$ily z  
possible4 ,i ?\ght x 0 an epileptic fit 
& ,i _h no s5se ( ,s&]son's imp5d+ dea?4
 ,i _h nev] se5 any?+ ( ! sort be=e4 ,i 
c\ld n believe x :5 !y told me he 0     
dead4  ,! w9d[s ( ! hot & sultry room 7 
op5$ & mo/ ( ! p made _! way out1 b !   
report]s rema9$ & "o or two p]sons ( !  
curi\s type :o hung ab\t vaguely ) an   
affectation ( decor\s sympa?y4 ,!       
lecture _h be5 a v difficult "o = !     
newspap] m51 & !y came n[ ) a c]ta9     
eag]ness to ask que/ions ab\t ,oundle & 
,s&]son's c>e]4 ,i answ]$ !m z well z ,i
 c\ld4 ,s&]son lay across ! back ( !    
plat=m1 b>e-*e/$ & /ill4 ,x became      
evid5t t ,i _h to seek out ,mrs4 ,s&]son
 & tell h] ( ?is disa/]4  ,!re 0 a      
little difficulty 9 asc]ta9+ at :i*     
hotel ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,s&]son _h be5 /ay+1 
& :5 ,i got !re ,i f\nd %e 0 out %opp+1 
& ,i wait$ "s "t = h] return4 ,mean:ile 
h] daught] & h] daught]-9-law at ,oundle

 7 call$ up by telephone to come to h]  
at once 9 ,london4 ,i told h] at fir/ t 
h] husb& 0 ill1 & !n1 z we w5t toge!r 9 
a cab to ,univ]sity ,college1 dang]\sly 
ill4 ,%e 0 fully prep>$ to he> f !      
doctors at ! hospital t ! end _h come4  
,! poor lady took ! news v simply &     
bravely4  ,9 ! ,mortu>y ,*apel (        
,univ]sity ,college ,hospital ,i saw my 
fri5d's face = ! la/ "t1 9 all !        
irresponsive dignity ( dea?4 ,we took   
,mrs4 ,s&]son to him & left h] = a "t   
alone ) him4 ,f\r ye>s be=e 9 ! same    
,london hotel at :i* %e 0 n[ solit>y1 he
 & %e _h %>$ ! bitt] grief ( _! elde/   
son's dea? toge!r4    #d  ,an ev5t ( ?is
 sort produces ! mo/ v>i\s reactions 9  
p1 & ,i recall ) a di/ressful amusem5t  
two unkn[n p]sons :o acco/$ me z ,i w5t 
out f ,univ]sity ,college to f9d a taxi 
to take me to ,mrs4 ,s&]son4 ,"o 0 a "y 
woman :o came up to me & said3 ',don't  
be griev$ = y\r fri5d1 ,mr4 ,wells4 ,x 0
 a spl5did ?+ to die l t 9 ! mid/ (     
life1 aft] giv+ 8 message4'  ,i did n   

accept ^! congratulations & ,i made no  
reply to h]4 ,i 0 ?9k+ t a little acute 
obs]vation1 a little m consid]ation on  
my "p1 a f9] s5se ( ! lab\r ,i 0 putt+  
^u my fri5d1 might h av]t$ 8 dea?       
altoge!r4 ,& ,i 0 by no means conv9c$ t 
8 message 0 deliv]$1 t x _h rea*$ ! p ,i
 _h hop$ x w\ld rea* & awak54 ,i _h     
c\nt$ on mu* m f ,s&]son4 ,?is dea?     
seem$ to me & /ill seems f> m l         
fru/ration ?an release4  ,!n pres5tly z 
,i ge/iculat$ = a cab ne> ,g[] ,/reet   
,/ation1 ,i f\nd a pale-fac$1           
e>ne/-look+ man beside me ask+ = a      
mom5t's spee*4 ',mr4 ,wells1' he said1  
'does n ?is sudd5 ev5t give y new views 
( immortality1 new lights ^u spiritual  
realities8'  ,i />$ at a sort ( gre$y   
excitem5t 9 8 face4 ',none :atev]6' ,i  
said at la/ & got into my taxi4  ,i mu/ 
confess t to ?is day ,i c f9d 9         
,s&]son's dea? no?+ b irrep>able loss4  
,he left mu* ( 8 "w 9 a /ate s          
incomplete t ,i _c see h[ 8 successors c
 c>ry x on4 ,9 matt]s educational he 0  

be=e all ?+s a practical arti/1 &       
education is altoge!r too mu* ! prey (  
!ories4 ,he fill$ me--a m]e writ]1 )    
envi\s admiration :5 ,i saw h[ he c\ld  
control & %ape ?+s to 8 w1 h[ he c\ld   
exp]im5t & le>n & h[ he c\ld use 8 boys1
 8 gov]nors1 8 /aff1 to try out & %ape 8
 creative dreams4  ,he 0 a /rong man & 9
 a v pr(\nd & simple way a good man1 & x
 0 a v helpful ?+ to feel oneself 8     
ally4 ,b n[ t he is gone1 n[ t all 8    
lat] projects & int5tions %rivel & fade 
& 8 great s*ool rec$es visibly t[>ds !  
commonplace1 ,i d n "k :]e to turn to d 
an effective /roke = education4 ,x is   
only s*oolma/]s & s*oolmi/resses &      
educational au?orities & s*ool gov]nors 
& s*ool promot]s & univ]sity tea*]s :o c
 really c>ry on ! "w t he began4 ,9 ?is 
book ,i h tri$ to set out z cle>ly z    
possible1 & l>gely 9 8 own words1 8     
fundam5tal ideas ( ! sup]session (      
competition by co-op]ation1 ( ! return (
 s*ools to real s]vice & ( a ,h\se (    
,vision1 a ,temple ( ,hi/ory & !        

,future1 z ! bra9 & c5tre ( community   
life4 ,?is pres5t book is1 z x 71 a     
simplifi$ diagram ( ! tea*+s less       
lum9\sly & m fully set out 9 ! (ficial  
,life4  ,"o ?+ ,i %>$ ) ,s&]son         
altoge!r1 & t 0 our conviction t !      
pres5t common life ( m51 at once dull & 
disord]ly1 competitive1 uncreative1     
cruelly /upid & /upidly cruel1 unless x 
is to be reg>d$ m]ely z a necess>y phase
 9 ! developm5t ( a nobl] exi/5ce1 is a 
?+ n wor? hav+1 t x does n matt] :o     
drops dead or h[ soon we drop dead out (
 su* a _w4 ,unless !re is a m abundant  
life be=e mank9d1 ?is s*eme ( space & "t
 is a bad joke beyond our und]/&+1 a    
fl>e ( vulg>ity1 an empty laugh1 bray+  
across ! my/]ies4 ,b we two %>$ ! belief
 t lat5t 9 m5 & p]ceptible 9 m5 is a    
great] mank9d1 great en\gh to make e    
ef=t to realise x fully wor? :ile1 & to 
make ! :ole bus9ess ( liv+ wor? :ile4   
,& ! way to t realisation lies1 we bo?  
believ$1 ?r\gh ?\ght & ?r\gh creative   
ef=t1 ?r\gh sci5ce & art & ! s*ool4