file :i* includes ! #ajg orig9al illu/rations4 ,see #fdchg-;h4htm or #fdchg-;h4zip3 7https3_/_/www4gut5b]g4org_/ca*e_/epub_/ #fdchg_/pg#fdchg-;images4html7 or 7https3_/_/www4gut5b]g4org_/files_/#fdch g_/fdchg-;h4zip7 ,images ( ! orig9al pages are available ?r\gh ,int]net ,ar*ive4 ,see https3_/_/ar*ive4org_/details_/egyptian> t/udi#jjmaspu(t ,transcrib]'s note3 ,text enclos$ by und]scores is 9 italics 7italics74 ,text enclos$ by equal signs is 9 bold face 7bold74 ,,egyptian ,,art 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,,by ,,! ,,same ,,au?or ,new ,light on ,anci5t ,egypt4 ,translat$ by ,,elizabe? ,,lee4 ,illu/rat$4 ,demy #hvo1 clo?4 #ab_/f net4 ,*eap ,edition #f_/- net4 ,egypt3 ,anci5t ,sites & ,mod]n ,sc5es4 ,translat$ by ,,elizabe? ,,lee4 ,) ,col\r$ ,frontispiece & #af o!r ,illu/rations4 ,demy #hvo1 clo?4 #ab_/f net4 ,,london3 ,t4 ,,fi%] ,,unw9 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,,egyptian ,,art ,/udies ,,by ,,sir ,,ga/on ,,masp]o ,hon4 ,k4,c4,m4,g41 ,hon4 ,d4,c4,l41 & ,fell[ ( ,que5',s ,college1 ,ox=d ,memb] ( ! ,in/itute ( ,france1 ,pr(essor at ! ,collge de ,france1 ,director-,g5]al ( ! ,s]vice des ,antiquits1 ,cairo ,translat$ by ,elizabe? ,lee ,) #ajg ,illu/rations ,t4 ,fi%] ,unw9 ,london3 ,adelphi ,t]race ,leipsic3 ,insel/rasse #bj ,fir/ publi%$ 9 #aiac 7,all rights res]v$7 ,,prefatory ,,note ,! foll[+ essays 7 writt5 dur+ a p]iod ( m ?an ?irty ye>s1 & publi%$ at int]vals ( v>y+ l5g?s4 ,! olde/ ( !m appe>$ 9 ,les ,monum5ts de l',art ,antique ( my fri5d ,olivi] ,rayet1 & ! o!rs 9 ,la ,nature at ! reque/ ( ,ga/on ,tiss&i]1 9 ! ,gazette des ,beaux-,arts1 9 ! ,monum5ts ,piot1 & *iefly 9 ! ,revue de l',art ,anci5 et ,mod]ne1 :]e my fri5d ,jules ,comte gave !m hospitality4 ,z mo/ ( ^! p]iodicals d n circulate 9 purely sci5tific circles1 ! essays are almo/ unkn[n to exp]ts1 & w = ! great] "p be new to !m4 ,inde$1 !y 7 n int5d$ = !m4 ,9 writ+ !m1 ,i desir$ to famili>ize ! g5]al public1 :o 7 sc>cely aw>e ( _! exi/5ce1 ) "s ( ! f9e pieces ( ,egyptian sculpture & goldsmi?s' "w1 & to po9t out h[ to approa* !m 9 ord] to appreciate _! wor?4 ,"s1 aft] v>i\s vicissitudes1 _h f\nd a home 9 ! ,museums ( ,p>is or ( ,cairo1 & ,i wrote ! notices 9 my /udy1 d$uc+ at leisure ! reasons = my criticisms4 ,o!rs ,i caught z !y em]g$ f ! gr\nd1 ! v day ( or ! day aft] _! discov]y1 & ,i describ$ !m on ! spot1 z x 71 "u ! influ5ce ( my fir/ enc\nt] ) !m3 !y !mselves dictat$ to me :at ,i said ( !m4 ,"s p]sons w p]haps be surpris$ to f9d ! same ideas develop$ at l5g? 9 sev]al p>ts ( ! book4 ,if !y w c>ry _! ?\ghts back to ! date at :i* ,i wrote1 !y w recognize ! necessity ( su* repetitions4 ,egyptologi/s1 absorb$ 9 ! task ( deciph]+1 _h eyes = sc>cely any?+ except ! hi/orical or religi\s lit]>y texts2 & s amateurs or inquir]s1 f9d+ no?+ 9 ! works ( exp]ts to help !m to any s\nd int]pretation ( ! *>act]i/ic manife/ations ( ,egyptian art1 7 r$uc$ to regi/] !m )\t always und]/&+ !m1 = lack ( k ( ! concepts t _h impos$ _! =ms on !m4 ,x is n[ admitt$ t su* objects ( art are above all utilit>ian1 & t !y 7 orig9ally commission$ ) ! fix$ purpose ( assur+ ! well-be+ ( human survival 9 an exi/5ce beyond ! grave4 ,?irty ye>s ago1 few 7 aw>e ( ?is1 & to conv9ce ! re/1 x 0 necess>y to insi/ cont9ually on ! pro(s & to multiply examples4 ,i might ( c\rse h suppress$ a portion ( !m "h1 b _h ,i done s1 %\ld ,i n h be5 reproa*$1 & q rightly1 ) misrepres5t+ & almo/ falsify+ a passage 9 ! hi/ory ( ! ,egyptian arts8 ,! ideas :i* gov]n our pres5t conception did n at once rea* ! po9t :]e !y n[ are4 ,!y came into be+ "o aft] ! o!r1 & spread !mselves by successive waves ( unequal int5sity1 welcom$ ) fav\r by "s1 reject$ by o!rs4 ,i _h to beg9 ov] aga9 a doz5 times & 9 a doz5 diff]5t ways be=e ,i obta9$ _! almo/ univ]sal acceptation4 ,i 0 at fir/ laugh$ at :5 ,i put =w>d ! op9ion t !re 0 n "o unique art 9 ,egypt1 id5tical f "o extremity ( ! valley to ! o!r except = almo/ imp]ceptible nuances ( execution1 b t !re 7 at lea/ half a doz5 local s*ools1 ea* ) its own traditions & its own pr9ciples1 (t5 divid$ into sev]al /udios1 ! te*nique ( :i* ,i tri$ to det]m9e4 ,9 ! end ! incr$ul\s ralli$ to my side1 & x w\ld h be5 bad grace on my "p to leave out ( ! articles :i* help$ to conv]t !m1 at lea/ ,i hope s1 ! repetitions :i* l$ to _! be+ conv9c$4 ,besides1 ,i am sure t !y w r5d] my read]s ( to-day ! same s]vice t !y r5d]$ =m]ly to my colleagues 9 ,egyptology4 ,:5 !y h ?or\ghly ent]$ into ! _s ( ! ,egyptian ideas conc]n+ exi/5ce 9 ?is _w & ! next1 !y w und]/& :at ,egyptian art is1 & :y x is above ev]y?+ reali/ic4 ,! "q = ,egyptian art 0 n to create a type ( indep5d5t beauty 9 ! p]son ( ! individuals :o furni% ! pr9cipal elem5ts ( x1 b to express tru?fully ! features :i* con/itut$ t p]son & :i* mu/ be pres]v$ id5tical z long z any?+ ( him p]si/$ among ! liv+ & ! dead4 ,b :y %\ld ,i epitomize "h 9 a necess>ily incomplete way ideas :i* are amply set =? 9 ! book itself8 ,i %all d bett] 9 us+ ! small space left me 9 ?ank+ ! publi%]s :o h k9dly au?oriz$ me to reproduce ! illu/rations :i* accompani$ my articles1 ,jules ,comte1 ! directors ( ,la ,nature1 & my old fri5ds ( ! firm ( ,ha*ette4 ,!y h ?us collaborat$ 9 ?is book1 & x w owe a l>ge "p ( its success to _! k9dness4 ,,cont5ts ,,page ,,prefatory ,,note #e ,i ,,egyptian ,,/atu>y ,,& ,,its ,,s*ools #ag ,,ii ,,"s ,,portraits ,,( ,,myc]9us #cf ,,iii ,a ,,scribe',s ,,head ,,( ,,! ,,iv? ,,or ,,v? ,,dyna/y #di ,,iv ,,skhemka1 ,,8 ,,wife ,,& ,,son3 ,a ,,gr\p ,,f\nd ,,at ,,memphis #ee ,v ,,! ,,cr\*+ ,,scribe3 ,,v? ,,dyna/y #fj ,,vi ,,! ,,new ,,scribe ,,( ,,! ,,gizeh ,,museum #ff ,,vii ,,! ,,kneel+ ,,scribe3 ,,v? ,,dyna/y #gd ,,viii ,,peh\rn[ri3 ,,/atuette ,,9 ,,pa9t$ ,,lime/one ,,f\nd ,,at ,,memphis #gi ,,ix ,,! ,,dw>f ,,khn\mhotp\3 ,,v? ,,or ,,vi? ,,dyna/y #he ,x ,,! 8,,favissa0 ,,( ,,k>nak1 ,,& ,,! ,,!ban ,,s*ool ,,( ,,sculpture #ij ,,xi ,,! ,,c[ ,,( ,,de,r-,,el-,,bah> #ajf ,,xii ,,! ,,/atuette ,,( ,,am5,,phis ,,iv #abj ,,xiii ,,f\r ,,canopic ,,heads ,,f\nd ,,9 ,,! ,,valley ,,( ,,! ,,k+s ,,at ,,!bes #abf ,,xiv ,a ,,head ,,( ,,! ,,ph>aoh ,,h>mhabi #ace ,,xv ,,! ,,colossus ,,( ,,ramses ,,ii ,,at ,,b$re*e,n #adj ,,xvi ,,egyptian ,,jewell]y ,,9 ,,! ,,l\vre #ade ,,xvii ,,! ,,treasure ,,( ,,zagazig #aed ,,xviii ,,?ree ,,/atuettes ,,9 ,,wood #agb ,,xix ,a ,,fragm5t ,,( ,a ,,!ban ,,/atuette #agh ,,xx ,,! ,,lady ,,t\ ,,( ,,! ,,l\vre ,,& ,,egyptian ,,indu/rial ,,sculpture ,,9 ,,wood #ahc ,,xxi ,,"s ,,p]fume ,,ladles ,,( ,,! ,,xviii? ,,dyna/y #aij ,,xxii ,,"s ,,gre5 ,,basalt ,,/atuettes ,,( ,,! ,,sa,,te ,,p]iod #aie ,,xxiii ,a ,,f9d ,,( ,,sa,,te ,,jewels ,,at ,,saqq>ah #bja ,,xxiv ,a ,,bronze ,,egyptian ,,cat ,,belong+ ,,to ,m4 ,,b>r,,re #bjh ,,xxv ,a ,,f9d ,,( ,,cats ,,9 ,,egypt #bad ,,index #bag ,,illu/rations ,,fac+ ,,page ,,! ,,myc]9us ,,( ,m,t-,,rah9eh #ch ,,myc]9us 7,,reisn] ,,head7 #ch ,,alaba/] ,,/atue ,,( ,,myc]9us #dj ,,myc]9us1 ,,ha?or1 ,,& ,,! ,,nome ,,oxyrrh9*us #db ,,myc]9us1 ,,ha?or1 ,,& ,,! ,,nome ,,cynopolite #db ,,myc]9us ,,& ,,8 ,,wife #dd ,,myc]9us1 ,,ha?or1 ,,& ,,! ,,nome ,,( ,,! ,,si/rum #df ,,myc]9us ,,& ,,8 ,,wife 7,,detail7 #df ,,myc]9us ,,& ,,8 ,,wife 7,,detail7 #dh ,,scribe',s ,,head #ej ,,skhemka ,,) ,,8 ,,wife ,,& ,,son #ef ,,cr\*+ ,,scribe #fj ,,! ,,new ,,scribe ,,( ,,! ,,gizeh ,,museum #ff ,,/atue ,,( ,r,,n(ir #gb ,,kneel+ ,,scribe #gd ,,peh\rn[ri #hj ,,! ,,dw>f ,,khn\mhotp\ #hf ,,! ,,works ,,at ,,k>nak ,,9 ,,janu>y1 #aijf #ib ,,mont\hotp\ ,v #id ,,head ,,( ,a ,,colossus ,,( ,,san\osr,t #id ,,san\osr,t ,,& ,,! ,,god ,,phtah #id ,,bu/ ,,( ,,?\tm,,sis ,,iii #if ,,isis1 ,,"m ,,( ,,?\tm,,sis ,,iii #if ,,sanma\t ,,& ,,! ,,pr9cess ,,naf,,r\riya #ih ,,/atuette ,,9 ,,petrifi$ ,,wood #ajj ,,!ban ,,khons\ #ajj ,,/atue ,,( ,,t\t,,n\khaman\ #ajj ,,! ,,s-,,call$ ,,taia #ajj ,,ramses ,,ii #ajj ,,ramses ,,iv ,,lead+ ,a ,,libyan ,,captive #ajj ,,! ,,prie/ ,,) ,,! ,,monkey #ajb ,,osorkon ,,ii ,,(f]+ ,a ,,boat ,,to ,,! ,,god ,,amon #ajd ,,que5 ,,ankhnasn(iriabr #ajd ,,mantimeh #ajd ,,nsiphtah1 ,,son ,,( ,,mantimeh #ajd ,,head 7,,sa,,te ,,p]iod7 #ajd ,,! ,,c[ ,,( ,,de,r-,,el-,,bah> ,,9 ,,h] ,,*apel #ajd ,,am5,,!s ,,ii ,,& ,,! ,,c[ ,,ha?or #ajf ,,am5,,!s ,,ii ,,& ,,! ,,c[ ,,ha?or #ajf ,,! ,,c[ ,,ha?or #ajh ,,an ,,unkn[n ,,figure ,,& ,,! ,,c[ ,,ha?or #aab ,,petesomt\s ,,& ,,! ,,c[ ,,ha?or #aad ,,psammeti*us ,,& ,,! ,,c[ ,,ha?or #aaf ,,psammeti*us ,,& ,,! ,,c[ ,,ha?or #aah ,,am5,,phis ,,iv #abj ,,k+ ,,kh\niaton\ #abf ,,k+ ,,kh\niaton\ #abf ,,k+ ,,kh\niaton\ #abh ,,k+ ,,kh\niaton\ #acj ,,k+ ,,kh\niaton\ #acj ,,que5 ,t,,yi 7,,full ,,face7 #acj ,,que5 ,t,,yi 7,,pr(ile7 #acj ,,pr9cess ,,( ,,! ,,family ,,( ,t,,yi 7,,pr(ile7 #acb ,,pr9cess ,,( ,,! ,,family ,,( ,t,,yi 7,,full ,,face7 #acb ,,k+ ,,kh\niaton\ #acb ,,k+ ,,kh\niaton\ #acd ,,head ,,( ,,! ,,ph>aoh ,,h>mhabi #acf ,,! ,,half-,,buri$ ,,colossus ,,( ,,ramses ,,ii #adj ,,! ,,colossus ,,( ,,ramses ,,ii ,,em]g+ ,,f ,,! ,,e>? #adj ,,egyptian ,,jewell]y ,,( ,,! ,,xix? ,,dyna/y #adf ,,gold ,,pectoral ,,inlaid ,,) ,,enamel #adf ,,pectoral ,,( ,,ramses ,,ii #adh ,,pectoral ,,9 ,,%ape ,,( ,a ,,hawk ,,) ,a ,,ram',s ,,head #adh ,,silv] ,,bracelets ,,& ,,e>r+s #aef ,,gold ,,e>r+ ,,f ,,! ,,treasure ,,( ,,zagazig #aef ,,"o ,,( ,,ramses ,,ii',s ,,bracelets 7,,op57 #aeh ,,"o ,,( ,,ramses ,,ii's ,,bracelets 7,,clos$7 #aeh ,,gold ,,cup ,,( ,,que5 ,,ta\asr,t #afj ,,small] ,,( ,,! ,,two ,,gold ,,vases 7,,front ,,view7 #afj ,,small] ,,( ,,! ,,two ,,gold ,,vases 7,,back ,,view7 #afb ,,mass ,,( ,,silv] ,,vases ,,sold]$ ,,toge!r ,,by ,,oxide #afb ,,l>g] ,,( ,,! ,,two ,,gold ,,vases 7,,front ,,view7 #afd ,,l>g] ,,( ,,! ,,two ,,gold ,,vases 7,,back ,,view7 #afd ,,! ,,vase ,,) ,,! ,,kid #afd ,,"o ,,( ,,! ,,silv] ,,pat] ,,( ,,zagazig 7,,side ,,view7 #aff ,,silv] ,,/ra9] #aff ,,! ,,bottom ,,( ,,"o ,,( ,,! ,,zagazig ,,silv] ,,pat] #afh ,,/atuettes ,,9 ,,wood #agb ,,! ,,mond ,,/atuette 7,,front ,,view7 #agh ,,! ,,mond ,,/atuette 7,,pr(ile7 #ahj ,,! ,,lady ,,t\1 ,,/atuette ,,9 ,,wood #ahd ,,/atuette ,,9 ,,wood #ahf ,,/atuette ,,9 ,,wood #ahf ,,p]fume ,,ladle #aij ,,p]fume ,,ladle #aij ,,p]fume ,,ladle #aib ,,p]fume ,,ladle #aib ,,p]fume ,,ladle #aid ,,gre5 ,,basalt ,,/atuettes ,,( ,,! ,,sa,,te ,,p]iod #aif ,,necklace ,,amulet #bjb ,,vulture ,,amulet #bjb ,,gold ,,palm-,,tree #bjb ,,boat ,,( ,,sok>is #bjb ,,ram',s ,,head #bjb ,,gold ,,hawk #bjb ,,hawk ,,) ,,human ,,head #bjb ,,hawk ,,) ,,ram',s ,,head #bjb ,,vulture #bjb ,,isis ,,) ,,! ,,*ild #bjb ,,cr\*+ ,,ne,,? #bjb ,,monkeys ,,wor%ipp+ ,,! ,,emblem ,,( ,,osiris #bjd ,,vulture ,,) ,,ext5d$ ,,w+s #bjd ,,hawk ,,) ,,ext5d$ ,,w+s #bjd ,,! ,,s\l 7,,front ,,view7 #bjd ,,! ,,s\l 7,,back ,,view7 #bjd ,,bronze ,,cat ,,( ,,! ,,sa,,te ,,p]iod #bjh ,,bronze ,,cat #bad ,,egyptian ,,art ,i ,,egyptian ,,/atu>y ,,& ,,its ,,s*ools#a ,i op5$ ,f4,w4 von ,biss+'s "w#b ) a c]ta9 feel+ ( melan*oly1 = x 0 a ?+ t ,i _h hop$ to d myself4 ,eb]s _h sugge/$ to ,bruckmann1 ! publi%]1 t he %\ld entru/ ! task to me1 & ,i 0 on ! po9t ( arrang+ ) him :5 ! prep>ations = an ,ori5tali/ ,congress to meet at ,p>is 9 #ahig depriv$ me ( ! leisure left me by my lectures & ! pr9t+ ( my 8,hi/ory10 & ,i 0 =c$ to give up ! project4 ,h]r von ,biss+1 :o 0 less occupi$ !n ?an ,i 01 cons5t$ to haz>d ! adv5ture1 & no "o c\ld h be5 bett] equipp$ ?an he 0 to c>ry x ?r\gh4 ,! seek+ ( mat]ials1 ! execution ( typographical cli*s1 ! composition ( ! text & its c>eful sett+ =? exact$ eight ye>s ( travell+ & cont9u\s lab\r4 ,biss+ issu$ ! fir/ "p at ! end ( #aije1 & five o!r p>ts h quickly foll[$1 =m+ almo/ ! half ( ! "w1 sev5ty-two plates folio1 & ! portions ( ! explanatory text belong+ to ! plates4 ,i ,! title is n1 at lea/ z yet1 exactly accurate4 ,egyptian sculpture includes1 9 fact1 besides /atues & gr\ps 9 alto-relievo1 bas-reliefs (t5 ( v l>ge dim5sions :i* adorn ! tombs or ! walls ( temples4 ,n[ ,biss+ has only admitt$ /atues & gr\ps to ! hon\rs ( publication3 ! few specim5s ( ! bas-reliefs t he gives are n tak5 f ! ru9s !mselves1 b h be5 select$ f pieces 9 ! museums1 /el1 or fragm5ts ( ru9$ build+s4 ,x is !n ! monum5ts ( ,egyptian /atu>y t he pres5ts to u r ?an ^? ( ,egyptian sculpture z a :ole4 ,hav+ made t /atem5t & ?us def9$ ! ext5t ( ! field ( action1 x mu/ be frankly admitt$ t he has always made a happy selection ( pieces to be reproduc$4 ,d\btless we may regret ! abs5ce ( "s fam\s pieces1 su* z ! ,cr\*+ ,scribe ( ! ,l\vre or ! ,c[ ( ,der el-,bah>4 ,! fault is n 81 & p]haps he w succe$ 9 ov]com+ ! ob/acles :i* =c$ him to deprive u ( !m4 ,! omissions1 at any rate1 are n num]\s4 ,:5 ! li/ pr9t$ on ! cov]s ( ! fir/ "p is exhau/$1 amateurs & exp]ts w h at _! disposal ne>ly ev]y?+ requir$ to foll[ ! evolution ( ,egyptian /atu>y f its e>lie/ beg9n+s to ! adv5t ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,! s*ools ( ! ,greek & ,roman epo*s1 unju/ly contemn$ by ar*ologi/s :o h writt5 on ^! subjects1 are n want+1 & = ! fir/ "t ! ord9>y read] c decide = himself if all ! arti/s ( ! decad5ce equally des]ve contempt or oblivion4 ,biss+ has attempt$ a complete picture1 n a sket* re/rict$ to ! pr9cipal ev5ts 9 art betwe5 ! ,i,vth ,dyna/y & ! ,x,x,xth4 ,no s]i\s attempt ( ! k9d _h be=e be5 made1 & on _m po9ts he _h to op5 out ! roads he trav]s$4 ,= ! mom5t he has /opp$ at ! beg9n+ ( ! ,sate p]iod2 ?us we h z yet no means ( judg+ if ! plan he has impos$ on himself is c>ri$ out to ! end ) a rig\r & firmness ev]y:]e equal3 b a rapid exam9ation ( ! p>ts t h appe>$ w %[ t x has be5 execut$ ) fullness & fidelity4 ,f\r plates are devot$ to ,ar*aic ,egypt3 ! two fir/ are facsimiles ( ! bas-reliefs t decorate ! /ele ( ! ,horus ,qa-ou1 & ! s-call$ palette ( ! k+ we designate ,nr-m]1 s9ce we h n deciph]$ 8 "n4 ,x is 9 tru? v little1 b ! excavations h r5d]$ su* poor acc\nts ( ^? di/ant ages t x is almo/ all t c\ld be giv5 ( !m2 x might1 h[ev]1 h be5 wor? :ile to add ! /atuettes ( ! ,ph>aoh ,khsakhm\4 ,not)/&+ ! omission1 ! objects t appe> give a suffici5t idea ( ! degree ( skill atta9$ by ! sculptors ( ^? days4 ,! /ele ( ,qa-ou does n1 ( c\rse1 equal t ( ! ,k+-,s]p5t#c :i* is 9 ! ,l\vre2 x is1 h[ev]1 ( a fairly good /yle1 & ! hawk ( ,horus is ne>] to ! real animal ?an ^? ( ! protocol 7 lat]4 ,simil>ly ! sc5es engrav$ on ! palette ( ,nr-m] te/ify to an indisputable virtuosity 9 ! mann] ( attack+ ! /one4 ,! draw+ ( ! p]sons is less s*ematic & _! be>+ fre] ?an 9 ! compositions ( classical art1 b x is evid5t t ! craftsman _h z yet no v cle> idea ( ! way 9 :i* to compose a picture & gr\p its elem5ts4 ,let u confess1 nev]!less1 t ! bas-reliefs are f> sup]ior to ! /atues yet kn[n4 ,we possess ab\t half a doz5 ( !m scatt]$ ov] ! _w4 ,biss+ /udi$ "o to ! exclusion ( ! o!rs1 ! "o 9 ! ,naples ,museum1 & x may be ?\ght to be suffici5t if only /hetic impressions are desir$1 = no?+ c\ld be r\gh] or m awkw>d4 ,! head & face might p]haps pass1 b ! re/ is ill-proportion$1 ! neck is too %ort1 ! %\ld]s & *e/ are massive1 ! legs lack sl5d]ness "u a heavy petticoat1 ! feet & h&s are enorm\s4 ,! defects _c be ascrib$ to ! h>dness ( ! mat]ial1 = ! ,scribe ( ! ,cairo ,museum1 :i* is 9 lime/one1 displays !m z flagrantly z ! good p 9 granite at ,naples1 ,muni*1 or ,leyd54 ,i mu/ n !re=e conclude1 h[ev]1 t !y are con/ant faults ) ! ,?9ites3 ! /atuettes ( ,khsakhm\ are ( a less heavy workman%ip & m ne>ly approa* t ( lat] /udios4 ,t ! ru9s h r5d]$ only a few t possess wor? does n prove t !re may n h be5 excell5t ones3 we mu/ h pati5ce & wait till "s happy *ance belies ! m$iocrity4 ,! ,memphian ,empire has furni%$ ?irte5 plates1 & ,i d\bt if !y are en\gh4 ,! numb] ( ma/]pieces1 & especially ( pieces :i*1 )\t possess+ claims to p]fection1 (f] int]e/ on "s c\nt1 is s l>ge t ,biss+ c\ld easily h f\nd1 9 ! ,cairo ,museum alone1 mat]ial en\gh to d\ble ! numb]4 ,v probably x 0 due to ! publi%] & a "q ( economy3 b all ! same ,i regret ! abs5ce ( half a doz5 /atues t w\ld h made a good appe>ance by ! side ( ! ,scribe ( ! ,b]l9 ,museum4 ,! *ief species ( ! p]iod are at lea/ repres5t$ by v good examples3 /atues ( ! ,ph>aoh seat$1 receiv+ homage1 are repres5t$ by two ( ! ,*ephrn ( ! ,cairo ,museum2 ( ! ,ph>aoh /&+1 by ! ,pi\pi 9 bronze2 ^? ( private individuals /&+ & isolat$1 or 9 gr\ps1 by ! ,*ekh el-,bel$ ( ! ,gizeh ,museum1 by ! ,sap\ & ! ,nasi ( ! ,l\vre1 or by ! pair at ,muni*2 ^? ( individuals seat$ by ! ,scribe ( ,b]l9 & by "o ( ! ,read]s ( ,cairo4 ,"o ( ! ,cairo /atues1 ( m$iocre workman%ip1 is1 h[ev]1 curi\s1 because x %[s u a prie/ completely nude1 by no means usual1 & circumciz$1 a fact /ill less usual4 ,?ree fragm5ts pres]v$ at ,muni*1 portions ( ?ree /el1 a complete /ele f ! ,cairo ,museum1 an episode borr[$ f ! tomb ( ,ap\1 ( :i* ,cairo possesses almo/ an entire wall1 provide specim5s ( bas-reliefs = ! /ud5t to /udy1 )\t1 h[ev]1 p]mitt+ him to suspect ! v>iety ( motives & abundance ( detail usually met ) 9 ! necropolises ( ,saqq>ah or ( ,gizeh4 ,r$uc$ to ^! elem5ts1 ,biss+'s book w make ! impression on its read]s ( a noble art exalt$ by inspiration1 m9ute & skilful 9 ! mat]ial execution1 b monoton\s1 & conf9$ 9 a r n>r[ circle ( concepts & =ms ( expression4 ,x is only fair to add t ! book is n f9i%$ & t1 ?anks to ! sy/em employ$ ( d\ble & triple plates1 x is q easy to ins]t new docum5ts among ^? ( ! p>ts t h already appe>$4 ,"s ( ! lacun w assur$ly be fill$ up1 & ! additions w place u 9 a bett] position to judge ! wor? ( ! anci5t ,memphian s*ool4 ,! notices ( ! fir/ ,!ban ,empire are m num]\s1 & !y r5d] x possible to /udy ! hi/ory ( /atu>y dur+ ! long int]val t sep>ates ! ,h]acleopolitan p]iod f ! dom9ation ( ! ,%eph]d ,k+s4 ,= ! ,x,ith ,dyna/y1 besides ! wond]ful /atue ( ,mont\hotp\ ,,iii1 !re are bas-reliefs or pa9t+s f\nd at ,gebelen 9 ! ru9s ( a temple ( ,mont\hotp\ ,i4 ,aft]w>ds1 we h1 9 ! ,x,i,ith ,dyna/y itself1 ! seat$ /atues ( ,san\osrt ,i1 ( ,n(rt & ( ,am5emhat ,,iii1 ! sph9x ( ,am5emhat ,,iii t ,m>iette decl>$ to be ! portrait ( a ,hykss k+1 an admirable k+'s head pres]v$ 9 ! ,vi5na ,museum1 & pieces ( less] int]e/1 among :i* a curi\s bas-relief ( ,san\osrt ,i danc+ be=e ! god ,mn\ at ,coptos %\ld be m5tion$4 ,= ! ,x,i,i,ith & foll[+ ,dyna/ies1 ,i only see z yet ! ,sovkhotp\ ( ! ,l\vre1 ! b>b>\s head ( ,mt-,f>es1 & ! ,sovkemsa\f ( ,vi5na1 b we mu/ wait = ! next p>ts be=e decid+ to :at po9t ,biss+ has made use ( ! ri* /ore ( docum5ts available = t p]iod4 ,! second ,!ban ,empire1 s ri* 9 s\v5irs ( all k9ds1 (f]$ an emb>rass+ *oice3 ! ,cairo ,museum alone possesses mat]ial en\gh = two or ?ree volumes1 especially s9ce ! =tunate excavations conduct$ by ,legra9 at ! favissa ( ,k>nak4 ,! subjects 9 fav\r ( :i* ,biss+ decid$ h _! special importance3 !y are ea* ! actual head ( a pill>1 ! type ( a s]ies t he c\ld1 9 _m cases1 h reproduc$ almo/ entire1 s well has *ance s]v$ u 9 ! c\rse ( ^! la/ ye>s4 ,! /atues ( ,am5!s1 ( ,?\tmsis1 ( ! ,ramses1 ( ! ,h>mais are celebrat$1 & x is unnecess>y to enum]ate !m "o aft] ! o!r3 ! read] w see !m aga9 ) pleasure z he goes along1 & w admire ! m>vell\s skill ) :i* ! photograph] has reproduc$ !m1 & ! pr9t] has respond$ to ! photograph]'s skill4 ,! pictures ( ! volume are (t5 p]fect1 & plates l ^? ( ! head ( "o ( ! sph9xes ( ,am5emhat ,,iii are s successful t 9 look+ at !m we h almo/ ! s5sation ( ! orig9al4 ,9 a few1 h[ev]1 ! pr9t+ is too heavy & ! ?ickness ( ! ink has di/ort$ & co>s5$ ! modell+4 ,z a g5]al rule ! l>g] numb] ( ! defects ,i h not$ are due to ?is tiresome "q ( inks4 ,i "k too well f my own exp]i5ce ! difficulties caus$ by ! ob/9acy ( ! workm5 on t po9t1 s ,i am able to make excuses = bo? ,bruckmann & ,biss+4 ,,ii ,s mu* = ! illu/rations3 ! portion ( ! text z yet publi%$ greatly increases _! int]e/1 & assures ! "w p]man5t value4 ,x conta9s in=mation z to ! orig9 ( ! object1 its migrations1 its actual home to-day1 its /ate ( pres]vation &1 at ne$1 ! re/orations x has und]gone3 descriptions %[+ c>eful rese>*1 & ext5d$ bibliographies complete ! sugge/ions made by ! picture1 & in=m u ( previ\s criticisms4 ,! %orte/ ( ! notices fills two compact qu>to columns1 & are re9=c$ by num]\s footnotes2 _m ( !m are v]itable essays 9 :i* ! subject is exam9$ on e side & z exhau/ively z is possible4 ,vignettes are ins]t$ :i* exhibit ! object 9 a diff]5t light f t ( ! plate1 or %[ ! read] "s ( ! analog\s motives ref]r$ to 9 ! discussion4 ,repetition ( simil> types has sometimes prev5t$ ,biss+ f develop+ 8 views z a :ole1 & we are compell$ to look "u sev]al rubrics be=e le>n+ 8 full op9ion4 ,?is is a s]i\s drawback unless x is rem$i$ 9 ! introduction3 we %all p]haps f9d all ! obs]vations br\ght toge!r !re into "o sy/em1 ) ju/ificatory ref]5ces to ea* ( ! notices 9 p>ticul>4 ,biss+'s criticisms are always well ju/ifi$3 !y te/ify to a mature ta/e or a sure tact1 & !re are v few ) :i* exp]ts w\ld n will+ly agree4 ,"h & !re1 h[ev]1 ,i mu/ make "s res]vations1 = example1 ) reg>d to ! ,*ephrn ( ,gizeh4 ,aft] discuss+ at l5g? ,bor*>dt's reasons = attribut+ x to a ,sate s*ool1 & refut+ !m1 ,biss+ decl>es t x is p]haps a late copy ( a "w contempor>y ) ! ,ph>aoh4 ,i rec5tly _h occasion to /udy x closely 9 ord] to det]m9e ! position 9 ! ,museum be/ suit$ to x1 & to decide ! height ( ! pl9? on :i* x %\ld be plac$4 ,i w5t ov] ,bor*>dt's argum5ts & ,biss+'s hypo!ses "o aft] ! o!r & came to ! conclusion t ! date assign$ by ,m>iette at ! mom5t ( its discov]y is ! only admissible "o4 ,! ar*ological details belong to ! ,memphian age1 & ! peculi>ities ( /yle :i* ,biss+ po9ts out1 & :i* actually exi/1 are n suffici5tly /rongly m>k$ to ju/ify its attribution to a lat] epo*4 ,i only see 9 !m ! div]g5ces :i*1 9 e age1 m>k works com+ f diff]5t & p]haps rival /udios4 ,! arti/s :o cut ! d\bles 9 diorite de/9$ = ! pyramid ( ! ,ph>aoh1 did n c]ta9ly h ! same ma/]s z ^? to :om we owe ! ,*ephrn 9 alaba/] & ! royal /atuettes ( ,mitrah9eh3 ! diff]5ce ( orig9 suffici5tly expla9s :y !y d n resemble ea* o!r4 ,i fe> t 9 criticiz+ c]ta9 sculptures ,bor*>dt & o!rs 7 gov]n$ 9 spite ( !mselves by ! ideas t long prevail$ on ! uni=mity & monotony ( ,egyptian art4 ,x seem$ to !m t at "o & ! same p]iod ! composition & inspiration mu/ always rema9 id5tical1 & :]ev] !y did n h>monize1 ! fact 0 attribut$ solely to an int]val 9 "t4 ,b we mu/ accu/om ourselves to ?9k t ?+s did n g diff]5tly ) ! ,egyptians ?an ) ! mod]ns4 ,9 a city l ,memphis !re 0 m ?an "o /udio1 & !y all possess$ _! traditions1 _! affectations1 _! /yle1 :i* di/+ui%$ !m f ea* o!r1 & :i* are f\nd 9 _! "w l a trade-m>k4 ,"s errors ( classification w be avoid$ 9 ! future if we c be p]suad$ to recognize t _m ( ! peculi>ities t we beg9 to note on /atues & bas-reliefs may be ! mann]isms ( ! s*ool to :i* !y belong1 & are n always indications ( relative age4 ,! c>e t ,biss+ has tak5 to r5d] :at is due to ea* ( ! exp]ts :o discov]$ a piece or spoke ( x1 des]ves ! m praise s9ce _m ,egyptologi/s ( ! pres5t g5]ation h adopt$ ! attitude ( ignor+ :at has be5 said or writt5 be=e !m4 ,!y seem to ins9uate to _! read]s t ar*ology1 religion1 gramm>1 hi/ory1 no?+ inde$ t !y t\* on1 has ev] be5 /udi$ be=e1 & t ! bibliography ( a subject beg9s ) ! fir/ essay !y h devot$ to x4 ,al?\gh ! pa/ ( ,egyptology is s %ort1 x is a difficult subject to "k1 & x is n surpris+ if ,biss+ has misrepres5t$ "s features or ignor$ o!rs4 ,= example1 he attributes ! m]it ( recogniz+ 9 ! animal's tail t ! k+s atta* to _! back1 n a lion's tail b a jackal's#d to ,wi$emann2 ,i d n "k if ,i 0 ! fir/1 b ,i ?9k t ,i c]ta9ly /at$ ?is be=e ,wi$emann4#e ,a little f>!r on1 ,i regret t ,biss+ 0 n acqua9t$ ) my notice ( ! /atue ( ,mont\hotp\ 9 ! ,muse ,egypti53#f ,i am curi\s to "k if he accepts my explanation ( ! disproportion betwe5 ! feet1 legs1 & bu/4 ,x seems to me t x 0 n int5d$ to be on ! same level z ! spectator1 b t x ought to be plac$ 9 a naos1 on a fairly high plat=m :i* c\ld be rea*$ by a /aircase 9 front3 se5 f bel[1 =e%ort5$1 ! effect ( ! p]spective w\ld r$eem ! exagg]ation ( =m & re-e/abli% ! balance betwe5 ! p>ts4 ,x seems also t ,biss+ 0 n acqua9t$ ) ! "p ( ! ,muse 9 :i* ?is ,mont\hotp\ is discuss$1 = he does n ref] to x aga9 ) reg>d to ! ,am5emhat ,,iii discov]$ by ,fl9d]s ,petrie at ,fay\m4#g ,f>!r on aga91 x w\ld h be5 9 keep+ to note t ,legra9 f\nd ! debris ( a /atuette 9 black granite 9 ! mud ( ! favissa at ,k>nak1 :i* s closely resembles ! admirable ,ramses ,,ii ( ,tur9 t x might almo/ be ! replica or a sort ( orig9al r\gh model4#h ,un=tunately ! head is want+1 b we h be5 almo/ entirely successful 9 re/or+ ! body3 if x is n by ! same sculptor :o took su* pleasure 9 modell+ ! ,tur9 /atue1 x comes f ! same royal /udio4 ,! few diff]5ces to be not$ betwe5 !m arise solely f ! inequality ( ! /ature3 x 0 necess>y to simplify c]ta9 details or to suppress !m 9 ! smalle/ ( ! /atues4 ,^! examples %[ t !re is no?+ v s]i\s 9 ! omissions & neglig5ces3 we are surpris$ n t !re %\ld be "s1 b t among su* a mass ( ref]5ces !re are n m4 ,i might p]haps disagree ) "s ( ! !ories or po9ts ( doctr9e ,biss+ con/antly advances1 b ,i w wait to d s until he has elaborat$ into a sy/em ! elem5ts s abundantly spread ?r\gh ! notices4 ,b !re is "o criticism ,i w make n[3 he sc>cely m5tions ! s*ools into :i* ,egypt 0 divid$1 s t we are tempt$ to conclude t1 l s _m contempor>y ar*ologi/s1 he believes 9 ! exi/5ce ( "o sole s*ool1 :i* work$ 9 an almo/ uni=m mann] ov] ! :ole ( ,egypt at "o "t4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 c]ta9 t !re 7 always sev]al s*ools on ! banks ( ! ,nile1 ea* ( :i* possess$ its traditions1 its designs1 its me?od ( int]pret+ ! co/ume or ! pose ( individuals1 ! works ( :i* h a suffici5tly special physiognomy to admit ( _! be+ easily sep>at$ into _! diff]5t gr\ps4 ,"h1 aga91 x seems to me t sometimes v>ieties ( execution :i* are ! result ( ! tea*+ are tak5 to be signs ( age1 & t pieces :i* are contempor>y )9 a few ye>s1 b :i* proce$ f di/9ct s*ools1 are spread ov] c5turies4 ,i h n discov]$ ,biss+ 9 su* errors3 8 natural insight & 8 k ( ! monum5ts pres]v$ him f mak+ !m4 ,i wi%1 h[ev]1 t he _h t\*$ on ! matt] m def9itely ?an he has1 &1 aft] lett+ x be se5 9 sev]al places t he admits ! exi/5ce ( ^? s*ools1 he %\ld h def9$ _! *>act]i/ics 9 accordance z ! progress ( 8 book br\ght _! "w be=e ! read]4 ,he has briefly t\*$ on ! matt] 9 reg>d to ! sph9xes ( ,tanis & ! /atue ( ,am5emhat ,,iii1 b he might1 = example1 h seiz$ ! opportunity ( ! ,mont\hotp\ 9 ord] to demon/rate ! t5d5cies ( ,!ban art at its bir?2 he c\ld h foll[$ !m 9 _! evolution1 & ! ,am5!s ,i ( ,tur9 might p]haps h s]v$ to tea* u h[ ^? t5d5cies 7 develop$ or modifi$ betwe5 ! beg9n+ ( ! fir/ ,!ban ,empire & t ( ! second4 ,a passage 9 ! notice ( ! s-call$ ,hykss sph9xes leads me to hope t he w d ?is = ! ,tanite s*ool 9 reg>d to ! celebrat$ ,be>]s ( (f]+s3 ,i greatly wi% t ,i may n be disappo9t$ 9 my hope4 ,,iii ,z f> z ,i c judge !re 7 at lea/ f\r l>ge s*ools ( sculpture 9 ! valley ( ! ,nile3 at ,memphis1 ,!bes1 ,h]mopolis1 & 9 ! ea/]n "p ( ! delta4 ,i h attempt$ f>!r on to sket* ! hi/ory & def9e ! pr9cipal *>act]i/ics ( ! ,!ban s*ool2#i ,i %all only ref] to x z f> z x is necess>y to make cle> 9 :at x is di/+ui%$ f ! ?ree o!rs4 ,& to beg9 )1 x is probable t ! fir/ ( ^? 9 date1 ! ,memphian1 is m]ely ! prolongation & cont9uation ( a previ\s ,?9ite s*ool4 ,if ,i comp>e ! few objects ( real art t h come to u f ! ,?9ites ) p>allel works ( :i* ! necropolises ( ,gizeh1 ,saqq>ah & ! ,fay\m h re/or$ to u s _m examples1 ,i am /ruck by ! resemblances 9 inspiration & te*nique t exi/ betwe5 ! two4 ,we h no /atues orig9at+ f ,?9is itself1 b ! /el1 ! amulets 9 alto-relievo1 ! fragm5ts ( m9ute furniture discov]$ 9 ! tombs ( ,omm-el-,gab f9d _! exact c\nt]p>t 9 simil> pieces t come f ! excavations ( ,ab\sr-el-,malak or ( ,med\m & f ! sub-/ructure ( ,memphian resid5ces4 ,i ?9k ,i see t at ! beg9n+ !re 7 m$iocre workm5 9 ! pla9 ( ! ,pyramids capable1 h[ev]1 ( sculptur+1 ill or well1 a /atue ( a man seat$ or /&+3 to ^? m5 ,i attribute ! /atue ,no4 #a 9 ! ,cairo ,museum1 ! ,maton\ 7,amt57 ( ,b]l91 ! ,sap\ 7,sepa7 ( ! ,l\vre1 & a few o!r less] ones4 ,! same defects are to be se5 9 all3 ! head out ( proportion to ! body1 ! neck ungraceful1 ! %\ld]s high1 ! bu/ summ>ily r\gh-hewn & )\t reg>d to ! dim5sions ( ea* "p1 ! arms & legs heavy1 ?ick1 angul>4 ,_! r\ghness & awkw>dness comp>$ ) ! beautiful appe>ance ( ! two /atues ( ,med\m1 :i* are almo/ contempor>y ) !m1 w\ld a/oni% u if we did n ?9k t ! latt]1 commission$ = relatives ( ,san(ra\1 proce$ f ! royal work%ops4 ,! transf]5ce ( ! capital to ,memphis1 or r to ! di/rict /ret*+ f ! entrance into ! ,fay\m to ! =k ( ! delta1 necess>ily result$ 9 impov]i%+ ,?9is-,abydos2 ! /one-cutt]s1 ar*itects1 /atu>ies1 & masons accompani$ ! c\rt1 & plant$ ! traditions & tea*+ ( _! respective fa!rl&s 9 _! new homes4 ,accord+ to :at is se5 9 ! tombs ( ,med\m1 ! late/ ,?9ite /yle1 or r ! transition /yle ( ! ,i,i,ird ,dyna/y1 pres5ts exactly ! same *>act]i/ics z ! p]fect /yle ( ! ,i,vth1 ,v?1 & ,v,ith ,dyna/ies1 b ) a less /iff mann]4 ,! pose ( ! p]sons & ! silh\ettes ( ! animals are already s*ematiz$ & encircl$ 9 ! l9es :i* w enclose !m almo/ to ! end ( ,egyptian civilization1 b ! detail is fre]1 & keeps v close to reality4 ,! t5d5cy is p]ceiv$ only 9 ! r\ndness & suppl5ess t prevails f ! "t ( ,*eops & ,*ephrn4 ,! ,memphites s\ght to idealize _! models r ?an to make a fai?ful copy ( !m1 & :ile respect+ ! g5]al resemblance1 desir$ to give ! spectator an impression ( calm maje/y or ( g5tl5ess4 ,_! mann] 0 adopt$ at ,?9is by a c\nt]-%ock1 & x may be said t f ! ,i,vth to ! ,x,x,v,ith ,dyna/y ,abydos rema9$ almo/ a bran* ( ! ,memphian s*ool1 :i*1 h[ev]1 grew out ( x4 ,! productions only diff] f ^? ( ! ,memphites 9 subord9ate po9ts1 except dur+ ! ,x,i,xth ,dyna/y1 :5 ,set\ ,i & ,ramses ,,ii summon$ ,!ban sculptors !re1 & = "s ye>s x became1 arti/ically1 a fief ( ,!bes4 ,if we w\ld indicate 9 "o ^w ! "* ( ?is ,?9ito-,memphian art1 we %\ld say t x resides 9 an idealism ( conv5tion z oppos$ to ! realism ( ,!ban art4 ,?anks to ! fluctuations ( political life :i* alt]nately made ,memphis & ,!bes ! capitals ( ! :ole k+dom1 ! /hetics ( ! two cities spread to ! neighb\r+ t[ns1 & did n all[ !m to =m an indep5d5t art3 ,h]acleopolis1 ,b5i-,hassan1 ,assi\t1 ,abydos took aft] ,memphis1 :ile ! ,sad & ,nubia1 f ,d5d]ah to ,napata1 rema9$ "u ! jurisdiction ( ,!bes4 ,an orig9al s*ool arose1 h[ev]1 9 "o place1 & p]si/$ = a fairly long "t1 9 ,h]mopolis ,magna1 ! city ( ,?ot4 ,we obs]ve !re1 f ! end ( ! ,anci5t ,empire1 sculptors :o devot$ !mselves to express+ ) a scrupul\s naturalism1 & (t5 ) an int5tional seek+ aft] ugl9ess1 ! be>+ ( individuals & ! movem5t ( gr\ps4 ,we %\ld obs]ve ) :at hum\r !y int]pret$ ! extremes ( obesity & emaciation 9 man & bea/1 9 ! two tombs call$ ! fat & ! lean4 ,! region :]e !y fl\ri%$ is s little explor$ t x is /ill unkn[n h[ long _! activity practis$ a cont9u\s /yle3 x 0 at its be/ "u ! fir/ ,!ban ,empire1 at ,b]*eh1 at ,b5i-,hassan1 at ,*ekh-,sad1 b ! p]iod at :i* x seems to me to be mo/ 9 evid5ce 0 at ! end ( ! ,x,v,i,i,ith ,dyna/y1 "u ! h]etic ,ph>aohs4 ,:5 ,am5!s ,,iv f\nd$ 8 capital ( ,kh\taton\1 if1 z is probable1 he settl$ "s ,!ban ma/]s !re1 he w\ld c]ta9ly h utiliz$ ! /udios ( ,h]mopolis4 ,! sc5es engrav$ on ! tombs ( ,el-,tell & ,el-,am>na are due to ! same _s & ! same tea*+ z ^? ( ! fat & lean tombs2 !re are simil> de=mations ( ! human figure bord]+ on c>icature1 ! same suppl5ess & sometimes ! same viol5ce 9 ! ge/ures & attitudes4 ,9 a numb] ( portraits ! ,!ban importation prevails1 b ! cavalcades1 processions1 royal audi5ces1 popul> sc5es1 mu/ be attribut$ to ! ,h]mopolitans1 = _! inspiration & execution pres5t s /rik+ a contra/ to ^? ( analog\s pictures t adorn ! walls ( ,l\xor or ,k>nak4 ,! fall ( ! little ,atonian ,dyna/y /opp$ _! activity2 depriv$ ( ! va/ commissions :i* op5$ a new field = _! ent]prise1 !y fell back into _! prov9cial r\t9e1 & we h n yet en\gh docum5ts to tell u :at _! successors became 9 ! c\rse ( ! c5turies4 ,9 ! delta two fairly diff]5t /yles may be se5 f ! beg9n+4 ,9 ! ea/1 at ,tanis & 9 its neighb\rhood1 !re is1 at ! beg9n+ ( ! fir/ ,!ban ,empire1 a v]itable s*ool1 ! productions ( :i* possess su* an individual physiognomy t ,m>iette did n hesitate to attribute !m to ! ,%eph]d ,k+s3 s9ce ! works ( ,gol5is*eff x is kn[n t ! s-call$ ,hykss sph9xes are ( ,am5emhat ,,iii1 & t !y belong to ! second half ( ! ,x,i,ith ,dyna/y4 ,?is ,tanite s*ool is p]petuat$ ?r\gh ! ages2 x 0 /ill fl\ri%+ "u ! ,x,x,ist & ,x,x,i,ind ,dyna/ies1 z is prov$ by ! f9e gr\p ( be>]s ( (f]+s 9 ! ,cairo ,museum4 ,! pr$om9ant features are ! en]gy & h>%ness ( ! modell+1 especially ( ! human face3 its ma/]s h copi$ a type1 & modes ( coiffure belong+1 z ,m>iette =m]ly po9t$ out1 to ! half-savage populations ( ,lake ,m5zaleh1 ! ,egyptians 9 ! m>%es ( ,h]odotus4 ,x seems to me t _! mann] is /ill to be not$ 9 ! ,grco-,roman p]iod 9 ! /atues ( pr9ces & prie/s t we h 9 ! ,cairo ,museum3 ! te*nical skill1 h[ev]1 is less ?an 9 ! sph9xes & ! be>]s ( (f]+s4 ,! c5tre & we/ ( ! delta1 on ! o!r h&1 came "u ! influ5ce ( ,memphis1 z f> z we c judge f ! r>e exi/+ fragm5ts belong+ to ! ,anci5t ,empire4 ,"u ! ,!bans ! dep5d5ce is cle>1 & all t comes f ^? regions diff]s 9 no?+ f :at we h f ! ,memphian necropolises4 ,only 9 ! ,e?iopian p]iod1 & "u ! influ5ce ( ! successors ( ,boc*oris1 is a ,sate s*ool reveal$ to u1 :i*1 borr[+ its g5]al composition f ! ,memphian s*ool1 comes clos] to nature & impresses an individual /amp on c]ta9 elem5ts ( ! human figure t until !n _h be5 h&l$ 9 a loose1 s to say1 an ab/ract fa%ion4 ,! modell+ ( ! face is z full ( expression z 9 ! f9e works ( ! ,!ban s*ool1 b ) great] f9i% & less h>% effects2 ! ravages ( old age1 wr9kles1 cr[s'-feet1 flabb9ess ( fle%1 ?9ness1 are all reproduc$ ) a c>e unusual 9 prec$+ g5]ations2 ! skull1 inde$1 is s m9ute 9 detail t x might almo/ be call$ an anatomical /udy4 ,?is impulse t[>ds skill$ realism1 begun by in/9ct 9 ! he>t ( ! s*ool1 became acc5tuat$ & accel]at$ by contact ) ! ,hell5es1 :o f ! "t ( ,psammeti*us ,i sw>m$ 9 ! prov9ces ( ! delta4 ,c]ta9 bas-reliefs ( ,alex&ria & ,cairo1 ! date ( :i* is assign$ to ! reign ( ,nectanebo ,,ii1 :i* ,i %\ld l to place 9 t ( "o ( ! fir/ ,ptolemies1#aj may be reg>d$ z extant witnesses ( a k9d ( composite art analog\s to t :i* 0 develop$ two c5turies lat] at ,alex&ria or at ,memphis1 & ( :i* ! ,cairo ,museum possesses "s r>e examples4 ,x %\ld be cle>ly und]/ood t ,i d n claim to put ! complete result ( my /udy ( ! s*ools1 ! pres5ce ( :i* 9 ,anci5t ,egypt is n[ confirm$1 9 ^! few l9es4 ,i am only anxi\s to po9t out ! "p play$ by !m 9 hi/oric times1 & ! errors into :i* ^? :o h writt5 ! hi/ory ( ,egyptian art )\t suspect+ _! exi/5ce1 or )\t tak+ into consid]ation :at we d "k ( !m1 h fall54 ,biss+ does n ignore !m1 & is d\btless wait+ to criticize !m 9 8 ,introduction4 ,he has s mu* mat]ial t x w be easy = him to rectify my hypo!ses1 & to confirm !m :]e necess>y2 9 t way 8 book w ga9 by be+ no long] a m]e collection ( monum5ts ea* describ$ z an isolat$ piece1 b a v]itable treatise on sculpture1 or at lea/ on ,egyptian /atu>y4 ,i %all be s9c]ely sorry if he fails 9 t p>ticul>1 b ev5 s1 ,i %\ld feel x "r to decl>e t he has come hon\rably out ( an ent]prise 9 :i* he _h no pr$ecessors4 ,! few plates t ,i ins]t$ a qu>t] ( a c5tury ago 9 ! ,monum5ts de l',art ,antique1 & ! notices conta9$ 9 ! p>ts ( ! ,muse ,egypti5 t h already appe>$1 af=d$ bo? exp]ts & amateurs a =eta/e ( ! surprises t ,egypt has 9 /ore 9 ! matt] ( art2 !y h be5 too few1 & h relat$ to subjects too scatt]$ 9 po9t ( "t1 to produce a body ( doctr9e4 ,b "h1 on ! contr>y1 ne>ly two hundr$ pieces are available1 classifi$ accord+ to ! ord] ( ! ,dyna/ies1 & = ! mo/ "p unpubli%$1 or bett] reproduc$ ?an 9 ! pa/4 ,ea* w be accompani$ by an analysis 9 :i* ! rese>*es previ\sly connect$ ) x w be set =? & discuss$2 = ! fir/ "t ,egyptologi/s & ! g5]al public w h ! arti/ic & critical app>atus requir$ = judg+ ! value ( ! pr9cipal pieces ( ,egyptian /atu>y be=e _! eyes & 9 _! h&s4 ,^? :o "k ! am\nt ( ! lit]ature exi/+ on ,egyptology1 & h[ scatt]$ x is1 c easily imag9e ! pati5ce & bibliographical flair t ,biss+ mu/ h ne$$ = ga!r+ f libr>ies ! in=mation s g5]\sly scatt]$ on e page ( 8 notices4 ,b t 0 only ! lea/ "p ( 8 task2 ! appreciation ( ! objects !mselves dem&$ ( him an ev] al]t att5tion & a cont9u\s t5sion ( m9d :i* w\ld promptly h exhau/$ a man less devot$ to ! m9uti ( arti/ic obs]vation4 ,9 o!r bran*es ( ! sci5ce1 ! mat]ials h = ! mo/ "p be5 s (t5 & s repeat$ly knead$ t ne>ly always half ( ! "w has be5 already done2 "h1 no?+ ( t sort exi/s1 & 9 _m cases ,biss+ has dealt ) objects t he 0 ! fir/ to "k1 & ( :i* no previ\s /udy _h be5 attempt$4 ,t he is sometimes we>y1 & t "h & !re 8 op9ions may be controv]t$1 he will+ly confesses4 ,b :at surprises me is h[ v r>ely x is necess>y to upset !m1 ev5 p>tially4 ,i hope !n t we %all n h to wait too long = ! completion ( ?is admirable "w4 ,may ,i v5ture to add t aft] ! pres5t edition1 :i* is an dition de luxe1 a popul> edition w\ld be welcome8 ,egyptologi/s l myself are condemn$ to pay su* l>ge sums = our books t ! price ( ^! 8,d5kml]0 does n al>m u1 b ! fact has great] importance = o!rs4 ,a reproduction 9 a small] =mat1 & less exp5sive1 w\ld greatly help to spread ! k ( ,egyptian art among classes ( read]s :om ! book 9 its pres5t =m w n rea*4 ,,ii ,,"s ,,portraits ,,( ,,myc]9us#aa ,x has long be5 a debatable "q if ! ,egyptian /atues ( k+s & private individuals c be reg>d$ z fai?ful portraits or z m]ely approximate to _! orig9als4 ,no "o has ev] d5i$ t _! au?ors desir$ to make !m z l z possible1 b we hesitate to believe t !y succe$$ 9 do+ s4 ,! air ( uni=mity l5t !m by ! repeat$ employm5t ( ! same expressions & ! same po/ures enc\rag$ ! notion t1 judg+ !mselves incapable ( exactly transcrib+ ! details ( bodily =m or physiognomy prop] to ea* individual1 ! sculptors decid$ t su* details 7 n necess>y = ! k9d ( s]vice to :i* ! /atues 7 de/9$3 !y consid]$ t ! task entru/$ to !m 0 suffici5tly fulfill$ if ! s\l or ! d\ble = :i* ^! /atues provid$ an imp]i%able body recogniz$ 9 !m en\gh ( ! p]i%able body to enable !m to atta* !mselves to x )\t hurt 9 ! c\rse ( _! po/hum\s exi/5ce4 ,! /udy ( ! monum5ts has dissipat$ ^? d\bts4 ,any "o :o has c>efully h&l$ "o ( ! ,sate heads1 ! skull & face ( :i* pres5t su* cle>ly individual *>act]i/ics1 mu/ ackn[l$ge t s _m details not$ ) su* felicit\s c>e indicate an absolute int5tion ( transmitt+ ! exact appe>ance ( ! model to po/]ity4 ,& if1 proce$+ =w>d1 we rea* ! second ,!ban p]iod1 we %all soon1 ?anks to ! *ances :i* h deliv]$ to u ! well-pres]v$ corpses ( ab\t fifty pr9ces & pr9cesses1 recognize ! success ) :i* ! royal /udios p]petuat$ 9 /one ! effigies ( _! contempor>ies4 ,! pr(ile ( ,set\ ,i photograph$ 9 8 c(f9 w\ld co9cide l9e = l9e ) t ( 8 bas-reliefs ( ,k>nak or ,abydos 7 x n = ! ?9ness result+ f embalmm5t4 ,let u g back eight or t5 c5turies & see h[ ! ma/] sculptors ( ! fir/ ,!ban p]iod treat$ _! ,ph>aohs4 ,! /atues ( ,am5emhat ,,iii & ( ,san\osrt h s p]sonal a note t we %\ld be wrong to imag9e !y c\ld be any?+ b a s9c]e1 almo/ a brutal lik5ess4 ,! two ,*ephrn ( ! ,cairo ,museum 7 n long ago alone 9 sugge/+ to u ! conviction t ! ,memphian times yield$ no?+ 9 ?is matt] ( resemblance to ages f>!r remov$ f u2 ! rec5t discov]y ( t5 /atues ( ,myc]9us prev5ts any fur!r d\bt4 ,mo/ ( !m h n left ,egypt4 ,! fir/ t came to u 0 acquir$ by pur*ase 9 #ahhh1 ) f\r /atuettes ( ,na\sirrya1 ( ,mankahor\1 ( ,*ephrn1 & p]haps ( ,*eops4 ,accord+ to ! in=mation collect$ at ! "t by ,grbaut1 !y 7 f\nd toge!r1 two or ?ree weeks be=e1 by fellahs ( ,mt-,rah9eh "u ! ru9s ( a little brick build+ situat$ at ! ea/ ( :at 0 =m]ly ! sacr$ lake ( ! temple ( ,phtah at ,memphis4 ,t 0 c]ta9ly n _! orig9al place2 !y _h probably ea* adorn$ fir/ ! fun]>y *apel annex$ to ! pyramid ( its sov]eign3 _! transf]5ce to ! t[n & _! reunion 9 ! place :]e !y 7 discov]$ are n e>li] ?an ! reign ( ! la/ ,sates or ! fir/ ,ptolemies4 ,x 0 !n1 9 fact1 t hatr$ ( =eign dom9ation hav+ exalt$ ! love ( all t 0 peculi>ly ,egyptian 9 ! eyes ( ! p1 rev]5ce = ! glori\s ,ph>aohs ( =m] ages reviv$3 _! prie/hoods 7 reorganiz$1 & !y aga9 receiv$ ! wor%ip to :i* c5turies ( neglect _h disaccu/om$ !m4 ,none ( our figures are life-size1 & ! ,myc]9us 9 diorite1 :i* is n "o ( ! smalle/1 is sc>cely #ba in*es 9 height4 ,x is en?ron$ on a cubical block ) ! impassibility t ! ,*ephrn has made famili> to u2 ! bu/ is /iff1 ! arms re/ on ! ?ighs1 he looks /raight be=e him1 8 face expressionless1 z 0 impos$ on ,ph>aoh by etiquette1 :ile ! cr[d ( c\rti]s & vassals fil$ pa/ at 8 feet3 if 8 "n1 engrav$ on ! sides ( 8 seat to ! "r & left ( 8 legs1 _h n told :o he 01 we %\ld h guess$ x f 8 be>+4 ,! composition1 al?\gh n ! be/ imag9able1 is good3 b ! head makes a poor effect 9 relation to ! torso1 a defect always at fir/ ascrib$ to ! he$lessness ( ! sculptor4 ,b x is to be not$ t ! face some:at recall$ t ( two ( ! o!r ,ph>aohs1 a fact to be expla9$ by ! relation%ip1 ! second1 ,*ephrn1 be+ ! fa!r ( ,myc]9us1 & ! ?ird1 probably ,*eops1 8 gr&fa!r4 ,t is a reason = presum+ t !y are portraits1 b are !y au!ntic portraits8 ,sev]al ,b]l9 ,egyptologi/s ^: natural +5uity enc\rag$ !m to revise ,m>iette's criticisms on art1 ?\ght to disc]n 9 c]ta9 details ( ! co/ume & ornam5tation a pro( t if !y 7 n figures ( pure imag9ation1 !y 7 at lea/ copies ( anci5t orig9als freely execut$ "u "o ( ! ,sate ,dyna/ies1 & _! !ory1 al?\gh oppos$ by exp]ts :o _h a long] exp]i5ce1 disconc]t$ ! majority4 ,x 0 soon upset by facts1 b1 z (t5 happ5s1 ! consequ5ces d$uc$ f x surviv$ by =ce ( habit4 ,_m ( u fe>$ = "s ye>s aft] to be ass]t+ too mu*1 to decl>e op5ly t our ,myc]9us 0 :at we _h entitl$ him on ! fai? ( 8 inscription1 ! real ,myc]9us4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,myc]9us ,,( ,m,t-,,rah9eh4 ,diorite4 ,cairo ,museum4 ,illu/ration3 ,,myc]9us 7,,reisn] ,,head7 ,alaba/]4 ,cairo ,museum4 ,we did n d s until #aijh1 :5 ,reisn] & 8 ,am]icans1 excavat+ at ,gizeh r\nd ab\t ! ?ird pyramid1 br\ght to light monum5ts t ) ! be/ w 9 ! _w no "o c\ld assign to any o!r epo* ?an t ( ,myc]9us4 ,x seems t ! fame ( piety :i* popul> /ory ascrib$ to him 0 n :olly unm]it$1 at lea/ z f> z 8 own div9ity is conc]n$1 = ) ! elem5ts ( a volum9\s fun]>y equipm5t 9 all k9ds ( /ones1 ! workm5 br\ght out ( ! ru9s ( ! *apel1 fragm5ts ( a multitude ( /atues 9 alaba/]1 s*i/1 lime/one1 & r>e breccia4 ,among !m 7 "s unf9i%$ or sc>cely %ap$ out1 = ! sov]eign hav+ di$ :ile !y 7 be+ fa%ion$1 ! works1 accord+ to ,ori5tal cu/om1 _h be5 imm$iately int]rupt$ & ! work%ops ab&on$ 9 confusion4 ,! /atues :i* 7 already f9i%$ & set up 9 _! places 7 ov]turn$ at "s unkn[n p]iod1 p]haps :5 ,salad9 dismantl$ ! pyramids to build ! new ramp>ts & citadel ( ,cairo1 & ! fragm5ts 7 s ill-treat$ t an enorm\s numb] ( !m h disappe>$4 ,out ( a hundr$ baskets ( debris collect$ by ! ,am]icans1 !y f\nd at mo/1 besides five or six intact heads1 en\gh to put toge!r1 almo/ completely1 two alaba/] /atues4 ,! be/ ( ! heads is 9 ! ,cairo ,museum1 & x has suffici5t resemblance to our /atuette = u to h no hesitation 9 recogniz+ ,myc]9us1 ev5 if ! place :5ce x comes did n help u to guess x4 ,! /atue t ! f9d br\ght u is seat$1 b ! block on :i* x is sculptur$ is n p]p5dicul> to its base1 s t x leans slightly backw>d4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! two arms be+ cut betwe5 ! armpit & ! hip1 ! accid5t makes x appe> at fir/ glance z if ! bu/ is too n>r[ = its height4 ,b1 & ?is is ! important po9t1 ! head is small1 s small t ! head-dress1 9 spite ( its size1 is n suffici5t to correct ! bad effect ( ?is disproportion betwe5 its smallness & ! amplitude ( ! %\ld]s4 ,! fault is n to be ascrib$ to ! arti/'s ignorance & lack ( skill1 z is probably done4 ,he 0 n1 x mu/ be admitt$1 a man ( tal5t1 b he knew 8 bus9ess1 & prov$ x by ! g5]al quality ( 8 "w4 ,! h>mony betwe5 ! trunk & ! leg1 ! muscles ( ! *e/1 ! texture ( ! co/ume1 ! modell+ ( ! knee & calf1 con=m to ! /hetics ( ! "t2 ! foot & ankle are p>ticul>iz$ ) ! virtuosity ( a craftsman skill$ 9 all ! subtleties ( 8 call+4 ,s1 n[1 return+ to ! /atuette ( ,mt-,rah9eh1 ! te*nique ( :i* %[s x to proce$ n f a diff]5t s*ool b f a diff]5t /udio1 we %all f9d a difficulty 9 imag9+ t two sculptors w\ld ea* h fall5 into s great an error1 if !y _h n se5 x !mselves 9 _! model4 ,s9ce _! /atues are microcephal\s1 ,myc]9us mu/ h be5 microcephal\s almo/ to de=mity4 ,illu/ration3 ,,alaba/] ,,/atue ,,( ,,myc]9us4 ,cairo ,museum4 ,! se>* among ! b$s ( fragm5ts ( /one 0 cont9u$4 ,a few weeks be=e x 0 f9i%$1 at ! end ( ,may1 #aijh1 x produc$ f\r gr\ps 9 s*i/1 ! te/imony ( :i* fully confirm$ t ( ! alaba/] /atues4 ,! disposition is ! same1 ) v slight div]g5ces1 :i* d n s5sibly modify ! aspect ( ! pieces4 ,?ree p]sons /& side by side aga9/ a slab #ag to #bc in*es high4 ,myc]9us is 9 ! middle1 8 left foot advanc$1 ! wai/-clo? flut$ on ! lo9s1 & on 8 =ehead ! :ite cap ( ! k+dom ( ,upp] ,egypt4 ,he always has a goddess on 8 "r1 a ,ha?or m\ld$ 9 ! sleeveless smock op5 on ! *e/1 & on h] hair ! %ort wig & ! c\fieh4 ,on ! top ( ?is head-dress %e we>s h] two c['s horns & ! sol> disk4 ,9 "o ( ! gr\ps %e is walk+1 h] arms hang+ d[n & h] h&s laid flat on h] ?ighs2 9 ! second1 %e embraces him ) h] left arm & presses aga9/ him2 9 ! ?ird %e holds 8 "r h& 9 h] left4 ,! la/ ( ! figures is sometimes a woman1 sometimes a man3 ! man1 :o is %ort] by a ?ird ?an 8 companions1 walks =w>d sw++ 8 arms2 ! two wom5 are at re/1 & "o ( !m puts h] "r arm r\nd ! k+'s wai/1 9 symmetry ) ! ,ha?or on ! left4 ,!y are geographical entities1 nomes1 & ! /&>ds on _! heads tell u _! names3 ! two wom5 p]sonify ! nomes ( ,si/rum & ! ,dog1 ! man t ( ,oxyrrh9*us4 ,! fragm5ts ( s*i/ "u :i* !y 7 buri$ assur$ly belong to o!r gr\ps n[ de/roy$1 b h[ _m ( !m 7 !re 9 ! beg9n+8 ,! decorative !me ( :i* !y =m$ "p is "o ( :i* ! int5tion is grasp$ at ! fir/ glance1 b if we ne$$ a comm5t>y to expla9 x1 ! brief leg5ds at ! base w\ld provide ! mat]ial4 ,!y in=m u1 9 fact1 t our ,ha?or is ! lady ( ! ,canton ( ! ,sycomore1 & t ! nome ( ! ,dog1 t ( ! ,si/rum1 t ( ,oxyrrh9*us1 br+ ! sov]eign all ! good ?+s ( _! t]ritory4 ,myc]9us1 9 8 quality ( k+ ( ! ,sad & ( ! delta1 _h a "r to tribute dur+ 8 life1 & to (f]+s aft] 8 dea? f ! :ole c\ntry1 & on ! o!r h&1 ,ha?or1 lady ( ! ,sycomore1 is ! patron ( dead ,osirians 9 ! ,memphian prov9ce :]e ! palaces & tombs ( ! ,ph>aohs are4 ,x 0 natural !n t %e %\ld s]ve z ! introduc] ( ! delegates ( ! nomes :5 !y came to pay _! tribute to ! common ma/]4 ,) ri* private individuals1 ! op]ation 0 symboliz$ on ! walls ( ! fun]>y *apels by long processions ( m5 or wom5 9 bas-relief1 ea* ( :om inc>nat$ "o ( ! doma9s *>g$ ) ! upkeep ( ! tomb4 ,"h x 0 express$ 9 ev5 a m concrete fa%ion by two s]ies ( gr\ps 9 rondo-bosso1 :i* 7 probably develop$ on ! walls 9 "o ( ! c\rt-y>ds ( ! temple ( ! pyramid4 ,! f\r :i* h escap$ de/ruction belong$ to ! s]ies ( ! ,sad1 z is prov$ by _! names & ! head-dress ( ! sov]eign1 b ^? ( ! delta c\ld n h be5 omitt$ )\t caus+ regrettable privations to ! d\ble 9 8 life beyond ! tomb2 !re 7 !n ab\t =ty 9 all1 z _m z !re 7 nomes 9 ! :ole ( ,egypt4 ,illu/ration3 ,,myc]9us1 ,,ha?or1 ,,& ,,! ,,nome ,,oxyrrh9*us ,s*i/4 ,cairo ,museum4 ,illu/ration3 ,,myc]9us1 ,,ha?or1 ,,& ,,! ,,nome ,,cynopolite ,s*i/4 ,cairo ,museum4 ,! excell5ce ( ^? t h surviv$ fills u ) regret = ^? t are lo/4 ,at ! in/ant !y em]g$ f ! e>?1 !y pres]v$ some?+ ( _! primitive col\r+1 b contact ) ! air & light spe$ily depriv$ !m ( x1 & only traces rema9 on ! *e/1 at ! neck1 wri/s1 wai/1 places protect$ by ! cu/om>y ornam5ts ( p ( high rank4 ,! gold-leaf ) :i* ! necklaces & bracelets 7 decorat$ 0 /ol5 9 times ( antiquity1 b ! ?ick] lay]s ( pa9t on :i* !y 7 plac$ pres]ve _! cont\rs fairly exactly4 ,x w\ld be easy = u to re/ore to ! :ole ! aspect x _h :5 fre% & new--a light yell[ complexion = ! wom51 & r$-br[n = ! m51 black hair1 blue or :ite head-dresses1 :ite cr[ns1 & g>m5ts reliev$ by ! tawny brilliance ( ! jewels4 ,9 pieces :]e ev]y?+ is s m9utely calculat$ = reality1 x is sc>cely probable t any?+ is ! effect ( *ance or ( lack ( skill2 if !n ! sov]eign's head is too small x is because x 0 s 9 reality4 ,9 fact1 ! lack ( proportion ) ! re/ ( ! body is less p]ceptible "h ?an 9 ! isolat$ /atues1 & x is n p]ceptible at ! fir/ glance3 b x is soon recogniz$ :5 ! sov]eign is comp>$ ) 8 two companions4 ,n only are _! heads l>g] & m massive ?an 81 b x w\ld seem t ! sculptor desir$ to acc5tuate ! inequality betwe5 !m by a trick ( 8 craft3 he has p]ceptibly n>r[$ _! %\ld]s1 & ! contra/ betwe5 ! small head t surm\nts ! va/ %\ld]s ( ,myc]9us ) ! two l>ge heads t weight ! n>r[ %\ld]s ( ! acolytes1 emphasizes ! de=mity t ! plac+ toge!r ( ?ree figures on ! same level _h almo/ conceal$4 ,/udy ( ! s*i/s leads to ! same conclusion z t =m$ ( ! alaba/]s4 ,x is ! real ,myc]9us t contempor>ies h b\nd !mselves to transmit to po/]ity1 & !y h sp>$ no details :i* 7 naturally calculat$ to make u bett] acqua9t$ ) him4 ,we h only to analyse _! works to see him /& be=e u 9 8 habit z he liv$4 ,he 0 tall1 robu/1 sl5d]1 ) long legs1 p[]ful %\ld]s surm\nt$ by a small face1 an a?lete ) ! head almo/ ( a *ild4 ,9 addition1 project+ eyes1 big e>s1 a %ort nose1 ! tip turn$ up1 a s5sual m\? ) full lips1 a *9 rec$+ "u ! artificial be>d2 ! expression ( ! face is b5evol5t1 ev5 weak4 ,9 va9 has ! sculptor /iff5$ ! backbone & ! neck1 ?r[n out ! *e/1 /ret*$ ! biceps1 cl5*$ ! fi/1 & immobiliz$ ! features into a hi]atic gravity3 he has n succe$$ 9 inculcat+ ! sov]eign maje/y t makes our ,*ephrn ! ideal ,ph>aoh1 ! equal ( ! gods4 ,he has ! sanctimoni\s appe>ance ( a private individual ( good family1 b 8 g5]al be>+ is bel[ 8 condition4 ,we c\ld easily po9t to a doz5 /atues1 8 neighb\rs 9 ! ,cairo ,museum1 t ( ,rnafir1 = in/ance1 :i* h a m exalt$ appe>ance & a pr\d] mi54 ,illu/ration3 ,,myc]9us ,,& ,,8 ,,wife4 ,s*i/4 ,bo/on ,museum4 ,& ! new s*i/ gr\p t ,reisn] discov]$ dur+ ! w9t] ( #aiji has n made any *ange 9 our op9ion necess>y4 ,?is "t ,myc]9us is repres5t$ ) 8 wife2 ! l[] portions ( ! two figures _h n receiv$ ! f9al poli% :5 dea? int]v5$1 b ^? ( ! upp] "p 7 f9i%$ & are admirable4 ,myc]9us we>s ! head-dress ( ! ord9>y claft1 :i* squ>ely frames ! face1 & 8 features are ^? ) :i* we h become famili> 9 ! /atues describ$ above2 eyes />t+ f 8 head1 a fix$ expression1 turn$ up nose1 a l>ge1 loose m\?1 ! l[] lip protrud+1 ! physiognomy ( a man ( ! middle class /ra9+ to appe> dignifi$4 ,! que5 does n appe> mu* m noble1 b 9 look+ at h] we are dispos$ to ?9k t %e _h m intellig5ce & vivacity4 ,we %\ld n say t %e 0 exactly smil+1 b a smile has j pass$ ov] h] face1 & traces ( x rema9 on h] lips & 9 h] eyes4 ,%e has beautiful r\nd *eeks1 a little turn$-up nose1 a full *91 full lips cleft f top to bottom by a /rongly m>k$ furr[3 a det]m9$ expression %[s itself betwe5 h] n>r[1 heavy eyelids4 ,%e resembles h] husb&1 a fact t is n surpris+1 s9ce unions betwe5 bro!rs & si/]s 7 n only tol]at$ b comm&$ by cu/om2 !re is ?us e *ance t ! c\ple 7 born ( ! same fa!r & "m2 %e has only a great] appe>ance ( /r5g? ?an he has4 ,cu/om exact$ t1 :5 a husb& & wife 7 associat$ 9 a gr\p1 !y %\ld n be plac$ side by side on a level ( absolute equality1 b t ! woman %\ld be giv5 a po/ure or m]ely a ge/ure imply+ a /ate ( m or less affectionate dep5d5ce on ! husb&2 %e cr\*$ at 8 feet1 h] *e/ aga9/ 8 knees1 or h] arm 0 r\nd 8 wai/ or 8 neck1 z if %e _h no tru/ except 9 8 protection4 ,"h ! que5's ge/ure is 9 con=mity ) conv5tion1 b ! mann] ( its execution contradicts ! int5tion ( submission3 %e leans less aga9/ ! ,ph>aoh ?an %e draws him close to h]1 & looks z if %e is protect+ him at lea/ z mu* z he is protect+ h]4 ,%e is 8 equal 9 height1 & ev5 if %e is m sl5d] ?an he is1 z is prop] to h] sex1 h] %\ld]s are z robu/4 ,does x mean t ! sculptor has attribut$ to h] ! massive %\ld]s ( a man8 ,n at all3 b foll[+ ! example ( 8 colleagues 9 ! triads1 he has *eat$ a little 9 ord] to dissimulate ! defect ( 8 model4 ,z d\btless he w\ld n h lik$ to %[ a de=m$ ,ph>aoh1 & z he might n alt] features :i*1 aft] all1 7 ^? ( a god1 he has made ! de=mity less visible by tak+ away f ! %\ld]s :at 0 want$ 9 ord] to e/abli% a sort ( app>5t equilibrium betwe5 ! p>ts1 & s we are br\ght back by a fre% det\r to ! po9t to :i* ! exam9ation ( ! alaba/]s & triads _h l$ u4 ,let u once m conclude t ! effigies ( ! ,memphian ,ph>aohs & _! subjects 7 real portraits ( ! p]sonages !y claim$ to reproduce4 ,illu/ration3 ,,myc]9us1 ,,ha?or1 ,,& ,,! ,,nome ,,( ,,! ,,si/rum4 ,s*i/4 ,cairo ,museum4 ,illu/ration3 ,,myc]9us ,,& ,,8 ,,wife 7,,detail74 ,s*i/4 ,bo/on ,museum4 ,!y 7 real1 b n reali/ic unless !re 0 special necessity4 ,i h repeat$ly attempt$ to def9e ! two *ief s*ools ( ,egyptian sculpture1 ! ,!ban & ! ,memphian4 ,f ! beg9n+ ! ,!ban s*ool t5ds to copy ! model brutally1 z x 0 at ! mom5t :5 x 0 portray$4 ,take ! /atues ( ,san\osrt ,i or ( ,san\osrt ,,iii1 :i* lately came to ! ,cairo ,museum4 ,! family lik5ess betwe5 all ( !m is indubitable1 b1 accord+ z !y come f a ,!ban or ,memphian /udio1 ! features :i* con/itute ! complete resemblance are not$ 9 su* div]g5t ways t at ! fir/ glance we are incl9$ to ?9k t x sc>cely exi/s4 ,! ,!bans scrupul\sly m>k$ ! ?9ness ( ! *eeks1 ! h>dness ( ! eye1 ! h>%ness ( ! m\?1 ! heav9ess ( ! jaw1 & h exagg]at$ r ?an dim9i%$ ^? po9ts4 ,! ,memphians d n neglect !m1 b h treat$ !m 9 a m m]ciful mann]1 &1 f ! hagg>d faces 9 :i* ! rival s*ool took pleasure1 h br\ght out ! happy smil+ expression t its own traditions ascrib$ )\t exception to all ! ,ph>aohs4 ,we _c in/itute comp>isons ( t k9d = ! epo* ( ,myc]9us3 ! ,!ban s*ool1 if1 z is probable1 x 0 !n 9 exi/5ce1 /ill sleeps buri$ b5ea? ! ru9s1 & we "k no?+ belong+ to x to place by ! side ( ! ,memphian4 ,x is suffici5t1 h[ev]1 to walk ?r\gh ! rooms ( ! ,cairo ,museum res]v$ = x to be conv9c$ t if ! ,*ekh-el-,bel$1 ! ,*ephrn /atues1 ! royal c\ple ( ,med\m1 ! ,rnafir /atues are portraits & lik5esses1 !y are at ! same "t idealiz$ portraits accord+ to ! =mula1 ! influ5ce ( :i* we h se5 9 ! monum5ts ( ! ,x,i,ith ,dyna/y4 ,:atev] ! models pres5t$ t 0 too pron\nc$1 0 s(t5$ 9 ord] to give !m ! s]5e be>+ fitt+ ! imp]i%able bodies ( su* noble & respectable p]sons4 ,!y only dep>t$ f ?is r\t9e :5 !re 7 mon/rosities1 ! entire suppression ( :i* w\ld h be5 fraught ) dang] = ! immortality ( ! subject1 z 9 ! case ( ! two dw>fs 9 ! ,cairo ,museum2 b x is n q c]ta9 if ev5 9 ^? cases "s modification ( ! ugl9ess has n be5 contriv$4 ,:at has happ5$ to ,myc]9us r5d]s x probable3 h we n se51 9 fact1 t ! arti/ ex]t$ 8 +5uity to dissimulate ! di/urb+ exiguity ( ! head by an artifice8 ,& he mu/ (t5 h tak5 simil> lib]ties1 al?\gh we h no actual means ( prov+ x4 ,i w v5ture to ass]t x ( ,*ephrn1 al?\gh almo/ ! half ( "o ( 8 two /atues1 t 9 gre5 s]p5t9e1 is a re/oration by ,vassalli4 ,= if we comp>e _! pr(iles1 we notice t t ( ! s]p5t9e /atue is weak] ?an t ( ! diorite /atue3 ! eye is small] & ! *9 less au?oritative1 ! tip ( ! nose rec$es a little1 & !re is a slight resemblance ) ,myc]9us4 ,! l(ty dignity :i* ,i not$ j n[ z appe>+ 9 ! fa!r 9 contra/ to ! son may be ! result ( ! ,memphians' det]m9ation to idealize _! subjects s z to make ea* ( !m an almo/ ab/ract type ( ! class to :i* !y belong$4 ,z might be expect$1 ! alaba/]s ( ,myc]9us are a long way f equall+ ! s*i/s4 ,inde$1 :5ev] we f9d /atues ( a p]son 9 diff]5t mat]ials1 x is seldom t ^? mo/ difficult to "w 9 are n also ! be/4 ,petrie conclud$ t 9 all p]iods ,egypt _h a s*ool ( sculpture 9 lime/one & s(t /ones1 & "o 9 granite & h>d /ones4 ,b :o w\ld ?9k ( classify+ mod]n sculptors 9 diff]5t s*ools accord+ z !y us$ bronze or m>ble8 ,9 ,egypt1 z 9 lat] times1 ! in/ruction giv5 to le>n]s prep>$ !m to practise ! complete call+1 :atev] ! special bran* to :i* !y lat] conf9$ !mselves might be1 b z ! h&l+ ( c]ta9 /ones requir$ a m ext5d$ practice1 c>e 0 tak5 9 ! work%ops to entru/ !m to ! mo/ exp]t4 ,t is evid5tly :at happ5$ 9 ! case ( ,myc]9us4 ,8 alaba/]s are c]ta9ly v e/imable2 b ^? to :om we owe !m 7 n skill$ virtuosi1 & if !y acquitt$ !mselves ( _! task hon\rably1 !y only produc$ ord9>y "w4 ,^? :o execut$ ! s*i/s 7 mu* m skill$4 ,i w n v5ture to ass]t t !y entirely triumph$ ov] _! mat]ial3 ! bodies ( pr9ces & gods sculptur$ 9 matt] s unyield+ & ( s gloomy a tone pres5t a rigidity ( cont\r :i* we feel z ke5ly z we d ! lack ( col\r :i* w\ld enliv5 !m4 ,!y almo/ repel any "o :o sees !m = ! fir/ "t1 b ! repulsion once ov]come1 !y reveal !mselves z p]fect ( _! k9d4 ,! arti/ has done :at he wi%$ ) ! ungrateful mat]ial1 & has h&l$ x ) ! same suppl5ess z if he _h be5 knead+ ! mo/ ductile clay4 ,! wom5 are especially rem>kable ) _! full r\nd %\ld]s1 _! small brea/s plac$ l[1 ! belly /rong & well design$1 ! ?ighs full & graceful1 ! legs vigor\s1 "o ( ! mo/ elegant types creat$ by ,memphian ,egypt4 ,x does n equal ! diorite ,*ephrn1 nor ! ,*ekh-el-,bel$1 nor ! ,cr\*+ ,scribe1 nor ! lady ( ,med\m1 b x is n s f> remov$ f !m1 & few pieces take s high a rank 9 ! "w ( ! old ,memphian s*ool4 ,illu/ration3 ,,myc]9us ,,& ,,8 ,,wife 7,,detail74 ,s*i/4 ,bo/on ,museum4 ,,iii ,a ,,scribe',s ,,head ,,( ,,! ,,iv? ,,or ,,v? ,,dyna/y 7,! ,l\vre7 ,! inv5tories give no indication ( ! orig9 ( ?is head4 ,s little 0 its s\rce suspect$ t = a long "t x 0 believ$ to be ( ,p]uvian "w3 ,m4 de ,longpri] ) 8 usual tact re/or$ x to its rightful place 9 ! ,egyptian s]ies4#ab ,at ! fir/ glance ! /yle is se5 to be t ( ! anci5t ,memphian ,empire3 x has evid5tly be5 deta*$ f a /atue f\nd 9 "o ( ! necropolises ( ,saqq>ah4 ,! abs5ce ( ! pl9? & ! p>ts :i* usually be> ! inscription prev5ts u f kn[+ ! "n ( ! individual x repres5ts1 a scribe contempor>y1 or v ne>ly1 ) ! celebrat$ ,cr\*+ ,scribe4 ,a n>r[ & some:at rec$+ =ehead1 a long prom95t eye slightly drawn up t[>ds ! temples1 snub-nose1 ?9 no/rils1 acc5tuat$ *eekbones1 ?9 *eeks1 l>ge m\? ) full lips1 a firm r\nd$ *91 d n make a flatt]+ portrait b c]ta9ly an exact "o4 ,! mat]ial is ! excell5t lime/one ( ,t\rah pa9t$ bright r$3 ! te*nique %[s delicacy & skill r>e ev5 at t p]iod ( admirable arti/s4 ,almo/ all ! /atues ( m]e private individuals come f temples or tombs4 ,! "r ( sett+ up a /atue 9 ! temples belong$ exclusively to ! k+2 s ! great] numb] ( ^? we h (f] a special =mula3 8,grant$ z a fav\r on ! "p ( ! k+ to a son ( s & s10#ac sometimes too ! fav\r is qualifi$ z great or v great4 ,x 0 !n by "s exceptional title1 9 rew>d ( s]vices r5d]$1 or by a caprice ( royalty1 t an ,egyptian 0 au?oriz$ to place 8 portrait 9 a temple1 :e!r ( 8 native city or ( "s o!r t[n1 to ! god = :om he pr(ess$ a special devotion4 ,! great feudal lords1 :o all m or less aspir$ to possess royal rights1 sometimes took ! lib]ty ( sett+ up a /atue ( !mselves )\t ! prelim9>y p]mission ( ,ph>aoh2 b 9 spite ( ^! usurpations ( ! royal pr]ogative1 ! numb] is relatively small4 ,civil w>s1 =eign invasions1 ! ru9 ( t[ns1 ! de/ruction ( idols by ! ,*ri/ians1 contribut$ to make private /atues com+ f temples r>e 9 our museums4#ad ,illu/ration3 ,,scribe',s ,,head4 ,! ,l\vre4 ,b1 on ! o!r h&1 ^? t come f cemet]ies are v num]\s4 ,e tomb t 0 some:at c>$ = 9 ! anci5t or new empire conta9$ sev]al :i* repres5t$ ! defunct alone1 or accompani$ by ! pr9cipal memb]s ( 8 family4 ,!y 7 n always plac$ 9 ! same spot3 9 ! ,i,vth ,dyna/y !y 7 sometimes plac$ 9 ! out] c\rt1 9 ! op5 air1 sometimes also 9 ! *apel1 :]e on c]ta9 days ! family celebrat$ ! wor%ip ( ! ance/or4 ,mo/ (t5 !y 7 imprison$ 9 a n>r[ *amb]1 ) a l(ty ceil+1 some?+ l a corridor1 & = t reason call$ ,s]db by ! ,arabs4 ,sometimes ! ,s]db is lo/ 9 ! masonry & does n communicate ) any ( ! o!r *amb]s4 ,sometimes x is connect$ ) ! fun]>y *apel by a sort ( quadrangul> pipe1 s small t a h& c sc>cely be ins]t$4#ae ,! prie/s w\ld burn inc5se ne> ! orifice1 p\r libations1 pres5t (f]+s1 murmur pray]s1 & ev]y?+ 0 suppos$ to p5etrate to ! little ap>tm5t4 ,"s ( ^! ,s]db conta9$ "o or two /atues at mo/1 o!rs w\ld conta9 tw5ty4 ,"s are 9 wood or h>d /one1 b ! great] numb] are 9 pa9t$ lime/one4 ,seat$ or /&+1 cr\*+ or 9 ! attitude ( walk+1 !y all claim to be portraits--portraits ( ! dead man1 ( 8 wife1 ( 8 *ildr51 ( 8 s]vants4 ,if !y 7 m (t5 f\nd 9 places :]e !y w\ld h be5 visible1 _! pres5ce w\ld be expla9$ by ! pleasure memb]s ( a family w\ld feel 9 see+ ! features ( ^? !y _h lov$4 ,b !y are g5]ally wall$ up = all et]nity 9 hidd5 corn]s :]e no "o w\ld ev] p5etrate3 we mu/ seek o!r reasons4 ,! ,egyptians =m$ a some:at co>se idea ( ! human s\l4 ,!y reg>d$ x z an exact reproduction ( ! body ( ea* individual1 =m$ ( a sub/ance less d5se ?an fle% & bones1 b susceptible to ! sight1 feel+1 & t\*4 ,! d\ble1 or to call x by ! "n !y gave x1 ! ka1 0 subject1 ?\gh 9 a less] degree ?an its t]re/rial type1 to all ! infirmities ( our life3 x drank1 ate1 clo!d itself1 ano9t$ itself ) p]fumes1 came & w5t 9 its tomb1 requir$ furniture1 a h\se1 s]vants1 an income4 ,a man mu/ be assur$ beyond ! tomb ( ! possession ( all ! weal? he _h enjoy$ 9 ! _w1 "u p5alty ( be+ condemn$ to an et]nity ( unspeakable mis]y4 ,8 family's fir/ obligation t[>ds him 0 to provide him ) a durable body2 !y !re=e mummifi$ 8 mortal rema9s to ! be/ ( _! ability1 & buri$ ! mummy at ! bottom ( a pit :]e x c\ld only be rea*$ ) ! greate/ difficulty4 ,! body1 h[ev]1 9 spite ( ! c>e tak5 9 prep>+ x1 only v remotely recall$ ! =m ( ! liv+ p]son4 ,x 01 besides1 unique & easily de/roy$3 x c\ld be brok51 me?odically dismemb]$1 & ! pieces scatt]$ or burnt4 ,if x disappe>$1 :at w\ld become ( ! d\ble8 ,= its support /atues 7 provid$1 repres5t+ ! exact =m ( ! individual4 ,effigies 9 wood1 lime/one1 h>d /one1 bronze1 7 m solid ?an ! mummy1 & !re 0 no?+ to prev5t ! manufacture ( any numb] ( !m desir$4 ,"o body 0 a s+le *ance ( durability = ! d\ble3 tw5ty gave x tw5ty *ances4 ,& t is ! explanation ( ! a/oni%+ numb] ( /atues sometimes f\nd 9 "o tomb4 ,! piety ( ! relatives multipli$ ! images1 & consequ5tly ! supports1 ! imp]i%able bodies1 ( ! d\ble w\ld1 by !mselves alone1 almo/ assure him immortality4#af ,bo? 9 ! temples & hypogeums1 ! /atues ( private p]sons 7 int5d$ to s]ve z a support to ! s\l4 ,! consecration !y receiv$ animat$ !m1 s to speak1 & made !m sub/itutes = ! defunct3 ! (f]+s de/9$ = ! o!r _w 7 s]v$ to !m4 ,! tomb ( a ri* man possess$ a v]itable *apel to :i* a special body ( prie/s 0 atta*$1 =m$ ( hon-ka or prie/s ( ! d\ble4 ,at ! sacram5tal fe/ivals ! prie/s ( ! d\ble p]=m$ ! necess>y rites1 !y look$ aft] ! upkeep ( ! edifice & adm9i/]$ its rev5ues4 ,! /atues ( ! t[ns !mselves dem&$ p>ticul> c>e4 ,inde$1 ! cl]gy ( ! temple 9 :i* !y 7 plac$ claim$ _! "p 9 ! advantages d]iv$ f ance/or wor%ip3 v]itable acts ( donation 7 drawn up 9 _! fav\r1 9 :i* 7 specifi$ ! "p !y 7 to play 9 ! c]emonies1 ! quantity ( ! (f]+s t fell to _! %>e = ! s]vice r5d]$1 ! numb] ( days 9 ! ye> consecrat$ to ea* /atue4 8,agreem5t betwe5 ,pr9ce ,hapi-,t'aufi & ! h\r-prie/s ( ! temple ( ,anubis1 ma/] ( ,si\t1 9 reg>d to "o :ite loaf t ea* mu/ give to ! /atue ( ! pr9ce1 "u ! h& ( ! ka-prie/1 ! #ah? ,?ot1 ! day ( ! fe/ival ( ,ouaga1#ag & also ! gifts :i* e tomb owes to its "l2 aft]w>ds 9 reg>d to ! c]emony ( k9dl+ ! flame1 & ! procession t !y ought to make ) ! ka-prie/ :ile he celebrates ! s]vice 9 hon\r ( ! defunct1 & t !y m>* to ! nor? corn] ( ! temple on ! day ( k9dl+ ! flame4 ,= t ,hapi-,t'aufi gives ! h\r-prie/s a bu%el ( corn f ea* ( ! fields belong+ to ! tomb1 ! fir/fruits ( ! h>ve/ ( ! pr9ce's doma91 z ea* common] 9 ,si\t is accu/om$ to d f ! fir/fruits ( 8 h>ve/1 = e peasant always makes a gift f ! fir/fruits ( 8 h>ve/ to ! temple40#ah ,! c]emonial is set out 9 detail1 & ! monum5t tells u h[1 & "u :at conditions1 a dead p]son is f$ 9 ,egypt4 ,! loaves1 meat & corn 7 plac$ 9 front ( ! /atue by ! prie/s3 !nce !y rea*$ ! gods1 :o1 aft] tak+ _! "p1 transmitt$ ! re/ to ! d\ble4 ,we n[ und]/& :y ! /atues t d n repres5t gods are always & uniquely portraits z exact z ! arti/s c\ld r5d] !m4 ,ea* 0 a /one body2 n an ideal body 9 :i* only beauty ( =m or expression 0 s\ght1 b a real body 9 :i* c>e %\ld be tak5 nei!r to add nor take away any?+4 ,if ! body ( fle% _h be5 ugly1 ! body ( /one mu/ be ugly 9 ! same way1 o!rwise ! d\ble w\ld n f9d ! support x ne$$4 ,! /atue f :i* ! head pres]v$ 9 ! ,l\vre 0 brok5 (f 01 und\bt$ly1 ! fai?ful portrait ( ! individual ^: "n 0 engrav$ on x3 if ! realism ( ! expression is some:at brutal1 x is ! fault ( ! model1 :o _h n tak5 c>e to be h&some1 & n t ( ! sculptor1 :o w\ld h be5 guilty ( a sort ( impiety if he _h alt]$ ! physiognomy ( 8 model 9 ! lea/ detail4 ,,iv ,,skhemka1 ,,8 ,,wife ,,& ,,son ,a ,,gr\p ,,f\nd ,,at ,,memphis 7,! ,l\vre7 ,skhemka liv$ at ,memphis at ! end ( ! ,v? ,dyna/y4 ,he 0 atta*$ to ! adm9i/ration ( ! doma9s1 & 0 buri$ 9 ! necropolis ( ,saqq>ah4 ,8 tomb1 discov]$ by ,m>iette dur+ ! excavations ( ! ,s]apeum1 furni%$ ?ree pretty /atues to ! ,l\vre4#ai ,i knew ! gr\p reproduc$ "h at a "t :5 ! coat+ t cov]$ x _h suff]$ v little2 ! gall]ies ( ,europe possess no?+ to be comp>$ ) x = f9i% ( execution4 ,i %all n say mu* ( ! pr9cipal p]sonage3 he possesses all ! qualities & all ! defects to :i* we are accu/om$ 9 ! "w ( ! sculptors ( ! ,anci5t ,empire4 ,! modell+ ( ! torso1 arms1 & legs is excell5t1 ( ! foot m$iocre1 ( ! h&s execrable2 ! head lives1 alive & intellig5t "u ! l>ge wig1 ) its r[s ( braids "o above ! o!r1 :i* frames x4 ,! two accessory /atues are *>m+ 9 design & composition4 ,on ! left ,ati1 ! dead man's wife1 /&s lean+ aga9/ ! back ( ! seat embrac+ h] husb&'s leg4 ,! face & limbs are pa9t$ yell[ 9 accordance ) a conv5tion almo/ always respect$ 9 ,egypt4#bj ,a lay] ( bright r$ d5otes ! tan t ! sun lays on ! m5's sk92 ! light yell[ reproduces ! m delicate %ade induc$ by ! indoor life ( ! wom54 ,! hair1 p>t$ ov] ! =ehead1 falls 9 two masses alongside ! *eeks4 ,! sleeveless dress is op5 9 front1 & ! op5+ ext5ds 9 a po9t to betwe5 ! two brea/s3 ! /uff exactly foll[s ! l9es ( ! body1 & ! skirt ends a little above ! ankle4 ,! position ( ! brea/s is indicat$ by a special design2 all ! re/ f ! wai/ to ! feet is embroid]$ ) ornam5ts 9 col\r1 imitat+ ! network ( glass beads to be se5 9 ! museums4#ba ,a necklace ) two r[s & bracelets complete ! co/ume4 ,on ! "r1 ,knom1 son ( ,skhemka & ,ati1 s]ves z a p5dant to 8 "m3 he is nak$ except = a necklace r\nd ! bottom ( 8 neck & a little squ>e amulet t falls on 8 *e/4 ,! grace & *>m ( ! figures _c be too mu* admir$4 ,al?\gh ( small dim5sions1 ! arti/ has end[$ !m ) ! physiognomy & features suit$ to _! age ) z mu* exactness z if he _h be5 deal+ ) a colossus4 ,! firm fle% & r\nd$ b muscul> limbs ( ! woman 9 h] prime1 & ! *ubby fle% & s(t limbs ( ! *ild1 are treat$ equally happily4 ,! "m's face has a smil+ *>m1 ! son's a nave & wond]+ grace3 ! ,egyptian *isel did n (t5 "w ) s mu* intellig5ce & lightness4 ,illu/ration3 ,,skhemka ,,) ,,8 ,,wife ,,& ,,son4 ,lime/one4 ,! ,l\vre4 ,! ge/ure ) :i* ea* ( ! two small p embraces ! leg ( ! big "o is n an artifice ( composition1 a simple way ( atta*+ ! subord9ate elem5ts ( ! gr\p to ! pr9cipal "o4 ,x is (t5 to be f\nd 9 turn+ ov] ! plates ( ,lepsius's f9e "w4#bb ,! inscriptions repeat$ly /ate ( ! wife t 8%e lov$ h] husb&10 & ! arti/s reveal x 9 action4 ,seat$ or /&+ by 8 side1 %e puts h] h& on 8 %\ld] or h] arm r\nd 8 neck2 cr\*+ or kneel+1 %e leans aga9/ him1 h] brea/ press$ aga9/ 8 leg1 h] *eek lean+ aga9/ 8 knee4 ,& x is n only 9 ! privacy ( ! home t %e treats him ) ?is affectionate ab&on1 b 9 public1 be=e ! s]vants or ! assembl$ vassals1 :ile he is inspect+ 8 l&s & review+ 8 possessions4#bc ,9 ! same way x is r>e to f9d a p]sonage )\t 8 *ildr51 8:o love him10 at 8 feet or by 8 side1 f ! little1 nak$ long-hair$ boy1 l ,knom1 to ! gr[n-up sons & m>ri$ daught]s4 ,to sum up1 ! sculptor to :om we owe ! ,l\vre monum5t has c>v$ 9 /one a sc5e ( contempor>y life4 ,he %[s u ,skhemka1 ,ati1 & ,knom gr\p$ z !y 7 e day3 & :at is conv5tional 9 8 "w is n ! gr\p+ ( ! ?ree p1 b ! disproportion 9 /ature betwe5 ! husb& & wife1 & betwe5 ! "m & son4 ,b "h1 aga91 he is only con=m+ to a prevail+ tradition ( 8 art4 ,9 all ! tombs ( e p]iod1 ! ma/] ( ! hypogeum is g5]ally ( ! height ( ! wall1 :ile s]vants1 fri5ds1 sons1 & wives are only ( ! height ( "o ( ! r[s4 ,! k+1 9 ! w>like pa9t+s ( ! temples1 is ( colossal size1 :ile ! o!rs1 fri5ds or enemies1 beside him1 look l a cr[d ( pigmies4 ,9 t case we might imag9e t ! diff]5ce 9 size %[$ only ! diff]5ce ( rank1 b ! explanation does n suffice else:]e4 ,a slave m>ri$ = h] beauty pres]v$ some?+ ( ! inf]iority ( h] =m] condition2 a pr9cess ( ! blood royal1 unit$ 9 m>riage to a private individual1 did n !re=e r5\nce h] royal rank4 ,if inequality ( /ature correspond$ to inequality ( rank1 ! sculptor w\ld h made ! fir/ small] & ! second bigg] ?an h] husb&4 ,!y did n1 h[ev]1 d t3 slave or pr9cess1 !y gave ! wife a /ature sometimes equal b m (t5 l[] ?an t ( ! husb&4#bd ,?us ! treatm5t does n %[ social di/9ction2 ! woman 0 legally on ! same level z ! man4 ,if ! ma/] ( ! tomb is alone 9 8 height1 x is m]ely because he alone is at home 9 ! tomb1 & x 0 desir$ to %[ 9 him ! "o ma/]1 ! p]sonage :o mu/ be protect$ aga9/ ! dang]s ( ! o!r _w3 s he 0 design$ ( l>ge size1 z we und]l9e a ^w 9 a s5t5ce 9 ord] to emphasize x4 ,9 fact1 ! sculptor1 9 modell+ 8 "w1 ?\ght ( ! necessities ( ! life beyond ! tomb4 ,skhemka's wife liv+ might be sup]ior to ,skhemka by =tune or bir?1 & s take prec$5ce ( him2 be=e ! dead ,skhemka %e 0 only a subord9ate p]sonage4 ,egyptian !ology suppos$1 x w\ld seem1 t ! wife 0 z indisp5sable to ! man aft] z dur+ life1 & t is :y %e is repres5t$ by 8 side on ! walls ( 8 tomb2 b1 z %e is only an accessory !re1 ! sculptor & ! pa9t] are free to treat h] z !y und]/& ! matt]4 ,if ! husb& dem&$ x1 !y gave bo? ! same /ature1 seat$ !m on ! same seat1 made no sort ( diff]5ce betwe5 !m4 ,b if he express$ no wi%1 !y c\ld ei!r suppress h] altoge!r or relegate h] to ! backgr\nd & give h] ! dim5sions ( h] son1 z !y did ) ,ati1 9 ord] t %e may lean aga9/ ! seat on :i* h] husb& is en?ron$4 ,v ,,! ,,cr\*+ ,,scribe ,,v? ,,dyna/y 7,! ,l\vre7 ,he 0 f\nd by ,m>iette 9 ! tomb ( ,skhemka 9 #ahea1 dur+ ! s\nd+s :i* prec$$ ! discov]y ( ! ,s]apeum4 ,he is n[ 9 ! ,l\vre1 9 ! c5tre ( ! 8,salle civile0 ( ! ,egyptian ,gall]y1 surr\nd$ by %[-case tables4 ,8 attitude1 9 conjunction ) ! un=tunate place assign$ him1 makes him look l a fellah deal] 9 antiquities seat$ 9 ! mid/ ( 8 goods1 pati5tly wait+ = cu/om]s4 ,! r$ pa9t1 :i* 0 p]fect :5 he 0 br\ght to ! ,l\vre1 has worn (f 9 places ) ! coat+ on :i* x 0 appli$1 & s ! :ity col\r ( ! lime/one %[s ?r\gh "h & !re2 ! cross light f ! two w9d[s falls on him 9 su* a way z almo/ to efface ! modell+ ( ! %\ld]s & *e/3 ord9>y visitors1 = :om !re is no?+ to m>k x1 sc>cely look at x1 & pass x by 9 complete indiff]5ce to ! fact t "o ( ! ma/]pieces ( ,egyptian sculpture is be=e !m4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cr\*+ ,,scribe4 ,! ,l\vre4 ,does he repres5t ! great "l 9 ^: tomb he 0 f\nd8 ,o!r /atues t ent]$ ! ,l\vre ) 8 be> ! "n ( ,skhemka & pass = ! fai?ful portrait ( t p]sonage4#be ,if1 z _! c>eful composition leads u to believe1 t claim is ju/ifi$1 ! ,cr\*+ ,scribe 0 only "o ( ! num]\s relatives or s]vants nam$ 9 ! inscriptions ( ! *apel4 ,! p ( ! ,anci5t ,empire _h ! cu/om ( %utt+ up 9 ! ,s]db1#bf by ! side ( ! /atue ( ! dead p]son1 ^? ( o!r individuals belong+ to 8 family or 8 h\sehold4 ,!y are m\rn]s1 bo? m5 & wom5 cr\*+ d[n1 "o h& hang+ or ca/ on ! gr\nd ab\t to pick up ! du/ 9 sign ( m\rn+1 ! o!r held 9 front ( ! face & plung$ into ! hair2#bg wom5 :o cru% ! gra9 on ! /one2 s]vants :o ?ru/ _! arm into an amphora1 probably to coat x ) pit* be=e p\r+ 9 ! be] or w9e4 ,ours is a scribe3 8 legs b5t "u him & plac$ flat on ! gr\nd 9 "o ( ^? positions famili> to ,ori5tals1 b almo/ impossible = ,europeans1 ! bu/ upright & well-balanc$ on ! hips1 ! head rais$2 re$ 9 h&1 & ! %eet ( papyrus spread ov] 8 knees1 he /ill waits1 at an int]val ( #f1jjj ye>s1 = 8 ma/] to resume ! int]rupt$ dictation4 ,! pa9t+s 9 ! contempor>y tombs tell u a hundr$ times r ?an once :at he is prep>+ to write4 ,9 ord] to su/a9 himself 9 ! o!r _w1 ! great ,egyptian "l receiv$ on appo9t$ days ! (f]+s due to him f ! doma9s atta*$ to 8 tomb3 "o 0 to br+ bread1 "o meat1 o!rs w9e1 cakes1 fruit4 ,x 0 q a big piece ( bookkeep+1 id5tical ) t usual 9 8 lifetime4 ,! scribes ( fle% & blood ent]$ ! real rev5ues z !y came 92 ! scribe ( /one r5d]$ ! same s]vice to ! ma/] ( /one :om he att5d$ = ev]4 ,we _c say t our scribe 0 h&some 9 8 lifetime1 b ! tru? & vig\r ( 8 portrait comp5sates l>gely = :at he lacks 9 beauty4 ,! face is almo/ squ>e1 & ! /rongly acc5tuat$ features indicate a man 9 8 prime2 ! l>ge m\? ) ?9 lips is slightly rais$ at ! corn]s & almo/ disappe>s 9 ! prom95t muscles t frame x2 ! *eeks are r h>d & bony2 ! e>s are ?ick & heavy1 & /& out awkw>dly f ! head2 & ! l[ br[ is cr[n$ ) co>se1 %ort hair4 ,! eye is well op5$1 & owes its special vivacity to an artifice ( ! anci5t sculptor4 ,! /one 9 :i* x is set has be5 cut away & ! holl[ fill$ ) black & :ite enamel2 a bronze m\nt+ m>ks ! edges ( ! eyelids1 :ile a little silv] nail#bh fa/5$ "u ! cry/al at ! bottom ( ! eyeball receives ! light1 & reflect+ x1 simulates ! pupil ( a real eye4 ,x is difficult to imag9e ! /rik+ effect t ?is comb9ation may produce 9 c]ta9 circum/ances4 ,:5 ,m>iette cle>$ out ! tomb ( ,rhotp\ at ,med\m1 ! fir/ ray ( light :i* ent]$ ! tomb1 t _h be5 clos$ = #f1jjj ye>s1 fell on ! =ehead ( two /atues lean+ aga9/ ! wall ( ! ,s]db1 & made ! eyes sp>kle s brilliantly t ! fellahs ?rew d[n _! tools & fl$ 9 t]ror4 ,recov]$ f _! fe>1 !y want$ to de/roy ! /atues1 p]suad$ t !y conta9$ an evil g5ius1 & 7 only prev5t$ f do+ s at ! po9t ( ! pi/ol4 ,m ?an "o /atue ( ! ,anci5t ,empire1 intact at ! mom5t ( its discov]y1 0 mutilat$ = ! same reason t ne>ly prov$ fatal to ^? ( ,med\m4 ,9 ! bad light 9 :i* ! ,cr\*+ ,scribe is plac$1 ! eyeball does n %9e ) a suffici5tly /rong sp>kle1 b x really does seem to h life 9 x & to foll[ ! visitor ) its look4 ,! re/ ( ! body is equally full ( expression4 ,! fle% hangs a little1 z is fitt+ ) a man ( a c]ta9 age ^: occupations prev5t ex]cise4 ,! arms & back are good 9 detail2 ! lean bony h&s h f+]s ( a great] l5g? ?an is usual2 ! r5d]+ ( ! knee is m9ute & exact 9 a way r>ely f\nd else:]e 9 ,egyptian art4 ,! :ole body is1 s to speak1 gov]n$ by ! animation ( ! physiognomy1 & "u ! influ5ce ( ! same feel+ ( expectation t dom9ates x3 ! muscles ( ! arm1 bu/1 & %\ld] are only p>tly at re/1 ready at ! fir/ signal to resume ! task t has be5 begun4 ,no "w bett] refutes ! reproa* ( /iffness usually made 9 reg>d to ,egyptian art4 ,let u add t x is unique 9 ,europe1 & t we mu/ g to ,b\laq = pieces f9e en\gh to su/a9 comp>ison )\t disadvantage4 ,b x is n en\gh to possess a ma/]piece1 x is /ill m important to pres]ve x4 ,9 its pres5t position ! ,cr\*+ ,scribe runs m risks ?an =m]ly 9 ,egypt4 ,! ?\s&s ( ye>s sp5t buri$ b5ea? ! s& 9 a hypogeum on ! tablel& ( ,saqq>ah ?or\ghly dri$ up ! lime/one ( :i* x is made4 ,transport$ to our damp climate1 & submitt$ to its sudd5 *anges ( temp]ature1 x is only too mu* expos$ to det]ioration4 ,x %\ld n h be5 in/all$ )\t protection & nak$1 s to say1 9 ! c5tre ( a room1 betwe5 two l>ge doors always op51 r\nd ab\t :i* !re are p]petual draughts4 ,! curators at ,tur9 h plac$ ! f9e lime/one /atue ( ,am5phis ,i possess$ by ! ,museum 9 a tightly clos$ glass cage1 & to t protection is due ! fact t ! ,ph>aoh has pres]v$ its epid]mis & col\r intact2 ! exp5se is n s great t ! ,l\vre w\ld be impov]i%$ by au?oriz+ a simil> proce$+4 ,! demotic inscriptions ( ! ,s]apeum are c>efully plac$ "u glass1 & ! precaution is praisewor?y1 al?\gh x makes ! /udy ( !m impossible2 x is !n high "t to take simil> precautions ) ! ,scribe4 ,! damp has already act$ on x a little2 ! r$ coat+ has be5 loos5$ & has fall5 away 9 "s places4 ,if ! me*anical "w ( de/ruction is all[$ to proce$ x w soon be 9 ! same condition z ! ?ree /atues ( ,sap\ & 8 wife1 & ! ,l\vre w h lo/ "o ( ! f9e/ pieces ( sculpture ,egypt has giv5 u4 ,9 comp>+ x ) ! /atues ( ,skhemka t we h already describ$1#bi we are l$ to ask :y ! /atue ( a subord9ate p]son %\ld be s sup]ior to t ( 8 ma/]4 ,! ,egyptians knew no?+ ( :at we t]m art & ! arti/'s pr(ession3 _! sculptors 7 p]sons :o cut /one ) m or less skill1 b ^: "w1 always subord9at$ to ! plan ( a build+1 or to !ological consid]ations1 did n possess ! absolute value belong+ to ! lea/ important /atue ( classical antiquity or ( mod]n times4 ,! effigy ( an individual 0 plac$ 9 8 tomb1 n because x 0 beautiful1 b because x repres5t$ him & s]v$ z a support to 8 d\ble4 ,! "q ( skill or arti/ic feel+ 0 a subord9ate "o1 & we f9d tw5ty /atues ( ! same p]son1 "s ( :i* are ( f9i%$ workman%ip & o!rs co>se sket*es3 :e!r a ma/]piece or n1 ! /one body equally s]v$ its purpose4 ,skhemka fell into ! h&s ( a m]ely consci5ti\s workman1 8 scribe into ^? ( a highly skill$ craftsman4 ,i imag9e t !y c>$ little en\gh if ! sculptor br\ght m or less tal5t to 8 task3 s long z ! resemblance 0 !re1 !y ask$ = no?+ m4 ,,vi ,,! ,,new ,,scribe ,,( ,,! ,,gizeh ,,museum#cj ,! excavations und]tak5 by ,m4 de ,morgan 9 ! nor!rn "p ( ! necropolis ( ,saqq>ah h rec5tly br\ght to light a ma/aba 9 f9e :ite /one1 ne> ! tomb ( ,sab\1 a little to ! ea/ ( ,m>iette's old h\se4 ,no ar*itectural faade or *apels accessible to ! liv+ 7 f\nd1 only a n>r[ corridor t plunges into ! masonry f nor? to s\? ) #e deviation to ! ea/4 ,! walls _h be5 prep>$ & made smoo? to receive ! usual decoration1 b :5 ! mason _h complet$ 8 task1 ! sculptor1 x w\ld seem1 _h no "t to beg9 84 ,none ( ! sket*es ) ! *isel or bru% cu/om>ily f\nd 9 ! unf9i%$ tombs ( all p]iods are to be se54 ,two l>ge /el1 or1 if x is pref]r$1 two ni*es 9 ! =m ( doors1 _h be5 prep>$ 9 ! "r-h& wall1 & a /atue /ood 9 front ( ea* 9 ! same spot :]e ! ,egyptian workm5 _h plac$ !m on ! day ( ! fun]al4 ,! fir/ repres5ts a man seat$ squ>ely on a /ool1 we>+ ! lo9-clo?1 & on 8 head a wig ) r[s ( small curls "o above ! o!r4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,new ,,scribe ,,( ,,! ,,gizeh ,,museum4 ,pa9t$ lime/one4 ,! bu/ & legs are b>e2 ! =e-arms & h&s re/ on ! knees1 ! "r h& clos$ ) ! ?umb /ick+ out1 ! left flat ) ! tips ( ! f+]s rea*+ beyond ! hem ( ! lo9-clo?4 ,s f> z may be judg$ f a photograph1 ! g5]al /yle is some:at weak2 b ! detail ( ! knee1 ! /ructure ( ! leg & foot1 are c>efully r5d]$1 ! *e/ & back /& out by ! excell5t modell+1 ! head1 weight$ z x is by ! coiffure1 is atta*$ to ! %\ld] ) an easy & n ungraceful vivacity4 ,! face is n 9 good relief1 & has a %eepi% expression1 b ! m\? is smil+1 & ! eyes ( qu>tz & cry/al h an extraord9>ily g5tle expression4 ,tak5 altoge!r x is a v good piece ( ,egyptian portraiture1 & w\ld be a valuable addition to any museum4#ca ,! new scribe 0 cr\*+ 9 front ( ! second /ele4#cb ,he measures 9 height almo/ ! same z 8 colleague 9 ! ,l\vre1 & suffici5tly resembles him to p]mit bo? be+ describ$ 9 almo/ simil> t]ms4 ,! legs are b5t "u & are flat on ! gr\nd1 ! bu/ upright & well balanc$ on ! hips1 ! head rais$1 ! h& arm$ ) ! re$1 & 9 its place on ! op5 papyrus %eet2 !y are bo? wait+ at an int]val ( #f1jjj ye>s = ! ma/] to resume ! int]rupt$ dictation4#cc ,! pr(essional ge/ure & attitude are reproduc$ ) a tru? t leaves no?+ to be desir$3 x is n only a scribe :om we h be=e u1 x is ! scribe z ! ,egyptians knew him f ! beg9n+ ( _! hi/ory4 ,! skill ) :i* ! sculptors h br\ght out & co-ord9at$ ! g5]al features belong+ to ea* class ( society is l>gely responsible = ! impression ( monotony produc$ by _! works on mod]n spectators4 ,t impression is less5$ & ne>ly effac$1 if we look a little m closely & see h[ c>efully ! sculptors h not$ & reproduc$ ! details ( =m & be>+ t make up ! physiognomy prop] to ea* ( ! individuals :o live 9 ! same social surr\nd+s or practise ! same pr(ession4 ,our two scribes d n cross _! legs 9 id5tical fa%ion2 he ( ! ,l\vre puts ! "r leg 9 front1 he ( ,gizeh ! left4 ,!re is no fix$ *oice1 & *ildr5 at fir/ tuck _! legs "u )\t ?\ght ( pref]5ce = "o or ! o!r2 soon !y acquire a habit :i* makes !m keep to ! position once adopt$1 & 9 ! ,ea/ to-day y f9d p :o put ei!r ! left or "r leg 9 front1 & j a few :o put ei!r "o or ! o!r indiff]5tly4 ,! ,l\vre scribe flatt5s out ! h& t holds ! re$1 ! man ( ,gizeh s9ks d[n1 & 8 back is slightly b5t4 ,?is %[s ! habit ( ! individual1 & is n a "q ( age1 = a glance at ! two /atues %[s t ! ,gizeh scribe is y\ng] ?an 8 colleague ( ! ,l\vre3 he is n out ( ! ?irties1 :ile ! o!r is c]ta9ly ov] =ty4 ,inde$1 ! age ( ! two m5 is an important po9t ( :i* we mu/ n lose sight1 if we desire to judge sob]ly ! real value ( ! two works4 ,i h he>d ar*ologi/s1 :5 comp>+ !m1 regret t ! scribe ( ,gizeh does n %[ ! same abundance ( c>efully /udi$ anatomical detail z ! scribe ( ! ,l\vre2 t !re9 lies ! real inf]iority ( ! fir/1 :e!r x 0 t ! sculptor 0 less conv]sant ) ! anatomy ( ! human body ?an ) t ( ! face1 or t "t _h press$1 & he _h cont5t$ himself ) giv+ 8 subject ! conv5tional body t = ! mo/ "p suffic$ 9 fun]>y /atues4 ,! c>e1 z ,i h po9t$ out1 ) :i* ! small details ( ! attitude are express$ %[s t ! reproa* is undes]v$1 & t ! arti/ has work$ to give a portrait complete f top to toe1 & n only to reproduce a head on a conv5tional body4 ,! r\ndness ( ! =m pres]ves ! appe>ance ( ! orig9al1 & %[s1 reali/ically1 ! age ! subject 0 at ! "t ( 8 dea?1 or at lea/ at ! p]iod ( life at :i* 8 relatives desir$ to h a portrait ( him4 ,9 ! be/ facsimile some?+ ( ! delicacy ( ! monum5t itself mu/ be lo/1 & 9 spite ( ! great c>e tak5 9 engrav+ x1 its orig9al aspect is n entirely pres]v$4 ,i ?9k1 h[ev]1 t 9 look+ closely at x !re c /ill be se5 9 _m places ! arti/ic1 supple workman%ip by :i* ! *isel express$ ! delicacy & vig\r ( ! model4 ,! mo/ vigor\s fellah ( our day1 :5 "y & 9 good heal?1 has app>5tly sl5d] muscles t d n /& out3 l ^? ( ! port]s ( ,b\laq1 "o ( :om )\t aid mov$ a /one /atue ( ne>ly ! same height z himself1 & yet _h h&s & calves l ^? ( a woman1 t look$ ( slight /r5g? & incapable ( cont9u\s ef=t4 ,! knotty & twi/$ excresc5ces to be se5 on ! arms1 back1 or *e/ ( our a?letes 7 r>ely f\nd 9 ,egyptians ( anci5t race1 at lea/ 9 y\?4 ,! anci5t sculptor rightly not$ t physiological trait ( 8 p4 ,he _h a "y man be=e him3 s he evolv$ f ! lime/one a "y ,egyptian body 9 :i* ! play ( ! muscles is hidd5 b5ea? ! sk91 & is only betray$ by a numb] ( t\*es manipulat$ ) k & discretion4 ,if1 l 8 colleague :o sculptur$ ! ,l\vre scribe1 he _h _h to portray a p]son ( ripe age1 he w\ld n h ex]t$ himself to br+ out ! flabb9ess ( ! fle% & ! heav9ess ( its folds1 to execute all ! pleasant "w ( ! *isel :i* s well reproduces ! depr$ations ( age 9 a ri* s$5t>y man ( fifty4 ,9 %ort1 he work$ diff]5tly because he _h a diff]5t subject4 ,!re is no sort ( inscription on ei!r /atue to in=m u ( ! "n & *>act]i/ics ( its orig9al1 :o mu/ h be5 a p]son ( "s importance3 a l>ge tomb inv>iably meant a consid]able =tune1 or a high po/ 9 ! adm9i/rative hi]>*y :i* comp5sat$ = m$iocrity ( =tune4 ,x might also be t ,ph>aoh1 desir+ to rew>d s]vices r5d]$ him by "s "o 9 8 ent\rage1 grant$ him a /atue1 a /ele1 an entire tomb built by ! royal ar*itects at ! exp5se ( ! ,treasury4#cd ,x is c]ta9 t our anonym\s scribe held high rank 9 8 lifetime1 b to :at ,dyna/y did he belong8 ,he s closely resembles ! scribe ( ! ,l\vre t he 0 evid5tly 8 contempor>y3 he mu/ !n h liv$ at ! end ( ! ,v? ,dyna/y1 & we rea* a simil> result if we comp>e him ) ! o!r /atues pres]v$ at ,gizeh4 ,x is ( ! /yle ( ! /atues ( ,ti & ( ,rn(ir1 especially ( ! la/ two4 ,"o ( !m1 :i* =m]ly 0 ,no4 #ige 9 ! ,b\laq ,museum1 is full ( dignifi$ feel+4#ce ,rn(ir is /&+1 8 two arms press$ aga9/ 8 body1 "o leg 9 advance1 9 ! attitude ( a pr9ce :o is look+ at 8 vassals m>* pa/ him4 ,:oev] has se5 him _c fail to obs]ve h[ mu* he resembles our new scribe4 ,fir/ly1 ! head-dress is ! same2 !y bo? h ! head fram$1 s to speak1 9 a bell-m\!d wig4 ,! hairs or fibres ( :i* x is made 7 gumm$1 z is ! case to-day ) ! hair ( c]ta9 ,african tribes4 ,! hair is c>efully smoo!d on ! =ehead & ! top ( ! head1 & be+ p>t$ on ! cranium1 hangs d[n & =ms a k9d ( d>k case r\nd ! face :i* acc5tuates ! ruddy t9t ( ! fle%4 ,! modell+ ( ! torso1 ! muscl+ ( ! arms1 are treat$ 9 ! same way 9 bo? /atues1 & ! dignifi$ expression :i* *>act]izes ! physiognomy ( ,rn(ir relieves ! some:at commonplace features ( ! new scribe4 ,^? are all facts t are n to be not$ 9 o!r portraits ( our p]sonages4 ,! seat$ /atue t ,i fir/ describ$ possesses ! g5]al aspect ( ! individual1 & und\bt$ly repres5ts him2 b ! te*nique & feel+ diff]1 s9ce x is necess>ily t ( a diff]5t sculptor4 ,x is ! same ) ,rn(ir4 ,! /atue ( him numb]$ #ajdi 9 ! ,b\laq ,museum lacks ! high dignity we admire 9 ,no4 #ige4 ,x is s heavy1 s expressionless1 t x almo/ seems to be ano!r ,egyptian4 ,! diff]5ce 9 ! workman%ip proves t two arti/s 7 commission$ to execute /atues ( ! same man4 ,! id5tity ( workman%ip1 on ! o!r h&1 compels u to recognize ! same h& 9 ! /atue ,no4 #ige ( ,rn(ir & 9 t ( our new scribe3 ! two works proce$$ almo/ at ! same "t f "o /udio4 ,illu/ration3 ,,/atue ,,( ,r,,n(ir4 ,cairo ,museum4 ,x w\ld be int]e/+ to f9d out if1 among ! /atues 9 ! museums1 !re are o!rs t may be relat$ to ^! & h a common orig94 ,i d n s f> "k any1 b ,i ought to add to :at ,i h said ! indication ( a special sign by :i* !y c be di/+ui%$4 ,! ,egyptians 7 accu/om$ to pa9t _! /atues & bas-reliefs1 & ! col\rs 9 :i* !y clo!d !m 7 m v>i$1 & m subject to *ange1 ?an is g5]ally recogniz$4 ,we are us$ to see only a r$-br[n tone = ! fle%1 & !y c]ta9ly employ$ x v (t52 !y did n1 h[ev]1 employ t tone only1 & m5's faces are occasionally col\r$ 9 a v diff]5t way4 ,! col\r+ ( /atue ,no4 #ige & ( ! new scribe diff]s f ! usual mann]4 ,t ( /atue ,no4 #ige has gr[n pal] s9ce ,rn(ir left 8 tomb & became expos$ to ! light1 b t ( ! ,gizeh scribe is /ill fre%1 & resembles z fai?fully z possible ! yell[ complexion bord]+ on r$ ( ! mod]n fellah4 ,! great] numb] ( ar*ologi/s :o occupy !mselves ) ,egyptian art neglect facts ( ?is k9d4 ,dur+ my /ay 9 ,egypt ,i h endeav\r$ to br+ !m out1 & x is 9 co-ord9at+ !m sy/ematically t ,i h be5 able to v]ify ! exi/5ce1 ei!r at ,memphis itself or 9 ! anci5t village ( ,saqq>ah1 ( two pr9cipal /udios ( sculptors & pa9t]s to :i* cu/om]s ( ! lat] p]iods ( ! ,v? ,dyna/y entru/$ ! task ( decorat+ ! tombs & c>v+ ! fun]>y /atues4 ,ea* _h its special /yle1 its traditions1 its models1 f :i* x did n will+ly dep>t4 ,commissions 7 divid$ betwe5 !m 9 unequal proportions1 accord+ to :e!r x 0 a "q ( isolat$ /atues or ( bas-reliefs4 ,i d n rememb] obs]v+ s5sible diff]5ces ( /yle 9 ! pictures t cov] ! walls ( ! same ma/aba3 = t k9d ( "w application 0 made to "o or ! o!r /udio1 & x alone und]took ! commission4 ,= ! /atues1 on ! contr>y1 rec\rse 0 _h to bo? at ! same "t3 ! task1 ?us divid$1 0 m quickly accompli%$1 & !re 0 m *ance t x w\ld be f9i%$ by ! day ( ! fun]al4 ,i d n mean to /ate t !re 7 !n only ! two /udios ( :i* ,i speak3 ,i ?9k ,i h f\nd traces ( sev]al o!rs1 b !y p]haps enjoy$ less vogue1 or ! *ances ( excavation h n s f> be5 fav\rable to !m4 ,to sum up1 we may say1 )\t ! risk ( be+ tax$ ) exagg]ation1 t ! art ( ! ,anci5t ,empire c\nts ano!r ma/]piece4 ,x 0 a gift ( happy *ance to ,m4 de ,morgan 9 8 fir/ s]i\s excavations z e>ne/ ( good =tune3 x is ( good augury = ! future1 &1 z he is n a man to let a *ance slip once he holds x1 & s9ce he has ! mat]ial means & ! money requir$ = me?odical exploration1 we may hope = fur!r f9ds )\t long delay4 ,,vii ,,! ,,kneel+ ,,scribe ,,v? ,,dyna/y 7,b\laq ,museum7 ,if he _h n be5 dead = #f1jjj ye>s1 ,i %\ld swe> t ,i met him six mon?s ago 9 a little t[n ( ,upp] ,egypt4 ,x 0 ! same commonplace r\nd face1 ! same flatt5$ nose1 ! same full m\?1 slightly contract$ on ! left by a fooli% smile1 ! same banal expressionless physiognomy3 ! co/ume alone 0 diff]5t & prev5t$ ! illusion f be+ complete4 ,! lo9-clo? is no long] 9 fa%ion1 & nei!r is ! l>ge wig2 except ! fellahs :5 at "w1 no "o n[ goes ab\t ) b>e legs & torso4 ,"s foll[ fairly closely ! cu/om ( ,cairo1 & we> ! too small t>b\*e1 ! /iff /amb\l9e1 ! ,european />*$ %irt1 b )\t a cravat1 black or crude blue tr\s]s1 %oes ) clo? gait]s4 ,o!rs keep to ! turban1 long g[n1 wide tr\s]s1 & r$ or yell[ morocco lea!r bab\*es4 ,b if 8 clo!s h *ang$ s9ce ! ,v? ,dyna/y1 8 deportm5t has rema9$ p]ceivably id5tical4 ,! mod]n secret>y1 aft] deliv]+ 8 pap]s to 8 ma/]1 crosses 8 h&s ov] 8 *e/ or 8 /oma* 9 ! fa%ion ( ! anci5t scribe2 he no long] kneels :ile wait+1 b assumes ! humble/ attitude imag9able1 & if 8 co/ume did n hide x1 we %\ld recognize ! suppl5ess t *>act]izes ! ,b\laq /atue 9 ! movem5t ( 8 %\ld]s & sp9e4 ,8 *ief f9i%es read+ ! pap]s1 affixes 8 seal to ?is "o or t1 writes a few l9es across ano!r1 & ?r[s ! %eets on ! gr\nd3 ! secret>y picks !m up1 & returns to 8 (fice )\t (f5ce at ! cavali] mann] 9 :i* 8 "w is giv5 back to him4 ,inde$1 is x to be expect$ t a m\dir1 a man receiv+ a l>ge sal>y1 w\ld take ! tr\ble to /ret* out 8 arm to meet ! h& ( a m]e ill-paid employee8 ,9 fact1 he treats 8 subord9ates z 8 sup]iors treat him2 8 subord9ates1 9 _! turn1 act 9 a simil> way t[>ds !irs1 & s ?+s g on "r d[n ! ladd]1 & no "o dreams ( object+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,kneel+ ,,scribe4 ,cairo ,museum4 ,our scribe 0 "o ( ^? to :om ! pap]s 7 ?r[n m (t5 ?an to o!rs4 ,he occupi$ a some:at l[ place 9 ! hi]>*y1 & no bond atta*$ him to ! great families ( 8 p]iod4 ,if he is kneel+1 x is t ! sculptor has repres5t$ him 9 "o ( 8 ord9>y attitudes dur+ ! h\rs ( "w2 he has also drawn 8 portrait ) ! fidelity & jovial good hum\r adopt$ by arti/s 9 portray+ sc5es ( ev]yday life4 ,! man has j br\ght a roll ( papyrus or a tray lad5 ) pap]s2 kneel+ 9 ! approv$ mann]1 ! bu/ well-balanc$ on ! hips1 ! h&s cross$1 ! back b[$1 ! head slightly b5t1 he waits until 8 ma/] has f9i%$ read+4 ,does he ?9k8 ,scribes felt "s secret appreh5sion :5 appe>+ be=e _! ma/]s4 ,! rod play$ a l>ge "p 9 ! discipl9e ( ! (fices4 ,an error 9 ! addition ( an acc\nt1 a ^w omitt$ 9 copy+ a lett]1 an in/ruction misund]/ood1 an ord] awkw>dly execut$1 & ! bl[s fell4 ,few employees escap$ flogg+4 ,if !y did n des]ve x1 x w\ld be inflict$ on pr9ciple3 8,t "y fell[ requires a beat+4 ,he obeys :5 he is flogg$60#cf ,! sculptor has admirably transf]r$ to ! /one ! expression ( resign$ unc]ta9ty & %eepi% g5tl5ess ) :i* ! r\t9e ( an entire life sp5t 9 s]vice _h end[$ ! model4 ,! m\? is smil+1 = su* is ! dem& ( etiquette1 b !re is no joy 9 ! smile4 ,! nose & *eeks grimace 9 unison ) ! m\?4 ,! two big enamel eyes1 surr\nd$ ) bronze1 h ! fix$ expression ( a man :o is vaguely wait+1 )\t look+ att5tively at any?+ or conc5trat+ 8 ?\ght on a def9ite object4 ,! face lacks intellig5ce & vivacity4 ,aft] all1 ! pr(ession did n exact great al]tness ( m9d4 ,! =mulas ( adm9i/ration 7 simple & ( little v>iety1 ! ari?metic 0 n complicat$2 x 0 possible to get on easily ) memory & indu/ry1 & s1 )\t mu* tr\ble1 to e>n suffici5t to pur*ase a good fun]>y /atue4 ,our /atue 0 f\nd at ,saqq>ah#cg 9 a tomb ( some:at m$iocre appe>ance4 ,nei!r ! "n nor filiation ( ! man in=ms u "u :at k+ or ,dyna/y he vegetat$2 b 9 comp>+ him ) ! /atue ( ,rn(ir#ch we are able to assign him 8 place 9 ! s]ies4 ,fir/1 bo? our scribe & ,rn(ir we> a wig ( a =m some:at r>e at t p]iod2 ! hair1 p>t$ f ! c5tre ( ! br[1 is drawn back 9 a mass beh9d ! e>s & hangs d[n /raight r\nd ! neck4 ,our scribe1 in/ead ( ! r$ complexion usually attribut$ to m5's faces1 is pa9t$ light yell[1 v l ^? ( wom54 ,rn(ir %[s ! same peculi>ity1 an unusual "o "u ! ,anci5t ,empire4 ,i d n ?9k x c\ld h be5 m]e caprice on ! "p ( ! arti/4 ,a scribe1 =c$ to live always 9 8 (fice z wom5 d 9 _! homes1 w\ld h a less sunburnt sk9 ?an 8 colleagues :o work$ 9 ! op5 air3 ! yell[ col\r ( ! lime/one w\ld ?us be a sort ( pr(essional sign1 & w\ld correspond ) a light] complexion 9 ! orig9al4 ,! titles ( ,rn(ir prove t he liv$ "u ! la/ reigns ( ! ,v? ,dyna/y1#ci & 9 plac+ ! kneel+ scribe at ! same p]iod1 we are sure ( n be+ mu* 9 error4 ,i h pref]r$ to base my op9ions on purely ar*ological gr\nds1 b ,i ?9k an exam9ation ( ! /yle ( ! two /atues w\ld c>ry ! connection /ill f>!r3 ! way 9 :i* ! neck is atta*$ to ! %\ld]s1 & p>ticul>ly ! way 9 :i* ! h&s are treat$1 is almo/ id5tical 9 ! two cases4 ,i d n "k if ,i am mi/ak51 b ,i h almo/ p]suad$ myself t ! /atue ( ,rn(ir & t ( ! kneel+ scribe come f ! same /udio1 & are p]haps ! fruit ( ! same *isel4 ,i d n despair ( f9d+ o!r monum5ts ( a simil> orig91 & ( recon/itut+ 9 "p ! "w ( "o ( ! ma/]s ( :i* ! tombs ( ,memphis h pres]v$ ! v>i\s productions1 b )\t pres]v+ _! names4 ,! execution is v c>eful3 un=tunately ! lime/one 9 :i* ! scribe is cut 0 too s(t1 & x is worn away 9 places4 ,! knees h suff]$ mo/1 & x is a great pity1 = we c see by :at is left ( !m h[ c>eful ! arti/ has be5 ) ! modell+4 ,! arms are n divid$ f ! bu/1 ! h&s are heavy1 ! feet long1 b ! play ( ! muscles ( ! *e/ & neck is well not$4 ,9 %ort1 x is an e/imable "w ( a consci5ti\s sculptor :o ?or\ghly und]/ood 8 vocation4 ,,viii ,,peh\rn[ri ,,/atuette ,,9 ,,pa9t$ ,,lime/one ,,f\nd ,,at ,,memphis 7,! ,l\vre7 ,m>iette f\nd ! /atuette by *ance :5 se>*+ ! ,s]apeum4 ,x _h =m]ly be5 tak5 f ! pit 9 :i* x 0 %ut up & ?r[n amid ! rubbi% ( ! great sph9x av5ue t leads to ! tomb ( ,apis4 ,! individual 0 nam$ ,peh\rn[ri2 he 0 c\s9 royal1 & fulfill$ functions t ,i d n "k h[ to def9e4 ,no?+ 9 ! inscription helps u to conjecture ) :at k+ he claim$ relation%ip1 b its /yle proves t he liv$ "u ! ,v? ,dyna/y4 ,t he 0 ( mature age is indicat$ by ! pl5itude ( =m1 by ! f9e proportions & ! b5evol5t & b5ign aspect4 ,a %ort wig1 a necklace1 a lo9-clo? sc>cely rea*+ ! knees1 completes 8 co/ume4 ,8 /atue is n "o 9 front ( :i* we naturally pause :5 walk+ ?r\gh a museum4 ,i d n ?9k t dur+ ! ?irty ye>s x has be5 9 ! ,l\vre x has attract$ ! att5tion ( any "o except exp]ts 9 ,egyptology4 ,n t x lacks m]it3 ! modell+ is exact1 ! execution skillful & delicate1 ! expression frank & successful1 b ! pose diff]s v slightly f t :i* hundr$s ( o!r arti/s h giv5 to hundr$s ( o!r /atues4 ,! c>eless visitor :o passes f "o seat$ man to a second1 & !n to _m o!rs1 does n ?9k ( look+ = ! details ( execution t di/+ui% !m4 ,he ?9ks t :5 he has se5 "o or two he has se5 all1 & dep>ts ) ! idea t ! *ief attribute ( ,egyptian art is monotony4 ,egyptian sculptors did n greatly v>y ! pose ( _! sitt]s4 ,sometimes !y repres5t$ !m /&+ & walk+1 "o leg 9 advance ( ! o!r1 sometimes /&+1 b motionless1 ) ! feet toge!r1 sometimes sitt+ on a seat or a /one p$e/al1 sometimes kneel+1 m (t5 cr\*+1 ! *9 aga9/ ! knees l ! fellahs ( to-day1 or ! legs flat on ! gr\nd l ! scribe ( ! ,l\vre4#dj ,! details ( arrangem5t & co/ume may be modifi$ ad inf9itum1 b ! attitude is ne>ly always regulat$ by ! six types ,i h enum]at$4 ,"s mod]n critics attribute ?is fact to ! inexp]i5ce ( ! sculptors1 o!rs to ! inflexibility ( c]ta9 hi]atical rules4 ,b hav+ se5 n only ! few incomplete pieces to be f\nd 9 ,europe1 b also ! monum5ts /ill exi/+ 9 ,egypt1 ,i _c admit ^? reasons4 ,ev]y:]e 9 ! bas-reliefs ( ! temples & tombs a multiplicity ( ge/ures or attitudes are to be se5 :i* %[ to :at po9t ! arti/s c\ld1 :5 !y pleas$1 div]sify ! human figure3 ! peasant b5ds ov] ! hoe1 ! jo9] leans ov] 8 b5*1 ! scribe /oops ov] 8 pap]1 ! danc]s1 girls & m51 twi/ & balance _! bodies1 ! soldi]s br&i% _! lances or m>* 9 "t1 z naturally z possible4 ,& ! sculptors ev5 reproduc$ positions 9 _! /atues v diff]5t f ^? we are accu/om$ to see at ! ,l\vre3 ! kneel+ woman :o is gr9d+ h] corn1 ! bak] :o is knead+ ! d\gh1 ! slave :o coats ! amphora ) pit* be=e p\r+ 9 ! w9e1 ! cr\*+ m\rn] ( ,b\laq1#da are all compos$ & modell$ ) a lightness ( action & a p]fection ( expression t leaves no d\bt z to ! skill ( ! arti/4 ,x is true t hi]atical rules exi/$1 & no "o w dispute t fact1 b !y 7 res]v$ = matt]s ( religion & = ^? alone4 ,!y exact$1 = in/ance1 t ,amon mu/ always1 9 e case1 h ! attributes1 co/ume1 & attitude prop] to ! god1 b !y 9 no wise ord]$ t all m5 7 to be conf9$ to "o ( ! five attitudes ,i h j describ$4 ,! fre$om ( composition to :i* ! l>ge hi/orical pictures ( ! temples or ! dome/ic sc5es ( ! tombs te/ify1 does n agree ) :at we are told conc]n+ ! inflexibility ( ! hi]atical rules4 ,illu/ration3 ,,peh\rn[ri4 ,! ,l\vre4 ,i %all n n[ t\* on ! /atues ( k+s or div9ities3 ,i %all h an opportunity lat] ( treat+ !m at leisure4 ,^? ( private individuals repres5t = ! mo/ "p p]sons ( rank1 great nobles1 p ( ! c\rt1 (fic]s1 magi/rates1 prie/s1 employees ( bir? or =tune2 !y come f ne>ly all ! cemet]ies1 & are portraits ( ! man = :om ! tomb 0 holl[$ out or ( p ( 8 h\se4 ,! ma/] /&s 9 an attitude ( comm&1 or sits l ,peh\rn[ri1 & he c\ld only h "o or ! o!r ( ^? attitudes4 ,! tomb is1 9 fact1 8 private h\se1 :]e he re/s f ! fatigues ( life1 z he us$ to d 9 8 t]re/rial home4 ,a soldi] :5 at home does n c>ry 8 arms1 a magi/rate does n we> 8 robe3 soldi] or magi/rate1 ! insignia ( ! pr(ession are laid aside :5 he returns home4 ,?us ! ma/] ( ! tomb always we>s 8 civil co/ume1 & leaves ! m>ks ( 8 pr(ession at ! door4 ,!n1 also1 ! accessible "p ( 8 dwell+ has a special de/9ation :i* regulates ! pose ( ! /atues3 x is1 9 fact1 8 reception-room1 :]e on c]ta9 days ! family assembl$ to pres5t ! (f]+s to him1 9 m prosaic words1 to d9e ) him4 ,:e!r 8 /atue 0 visible 9 "o ( ! op5 *amb]s or invisible 9 ! ,s]db1#db x 0 8 sub/itute4 ,x is suffici5t to look at ! neighb\r+ bas-reliefs to discov] :at 7 ! (ficial attitudes ( ! dead man 9 ! tomb4 ,he 0 pres5t at ! prelim9>ies ( ! sacrifice1 ! s[+ & ! h>ve/1 ! re>+ ( ! cattle1 fi%+1 hunt+1 ! execution ( crafts1 & he saw all ! works c>ri$ out = ! et]nal dwell+3 he 0 !n /&+1 "o foot 9 advance1 head erect1 h&s hang+ d[n1 or arm$ ) ! /aff ( comm&4 ,else:]e1 "o aft] ! o!r1 ! diff]5t c\rses ( ! meal are s]v$ him1 cakes1 w9es1 canonical meats1 fruits :i* he ne$s 9 ! _w ( ! dead3 !n he is seat$ 9 an arm*air alone or ) 8 wife4 ,! sculptor employ$ = 8 /atues ! two positions he has 9 ! pa9t+s3 /&+1 he receives ! homage ( 8 vassals2 seat$1 he takes "p 9 ! meal4 ,& 9 ! same way ! /atues :i* embody ! memb]s ( ! family & ( ! h\sehold h likewise ! attitude suit$ to _! rank & occupation4 ,! wife is sometimes /&+1 sometimes sitt+ on ! same seat z h] husb&1 or on a sep>ate "o2 sometimes1 z 9 life1 cr\*+ at 8 feet4 ,! son we>s ! co/ume ( *ildhood1 if ! /atue 0 c>v$ :ile he 0 /ill a *ild1 or ! co/ume & attitude ( 8 (fice if he 0 an adult4 ,! act+ scribe cr\*es1 ! roll spread on 8 knees1 z if he 0 writ+ f dictation or read+ f an acc\nt-book4#dc ,! slave gr9ds ! corn1 ! bak]s knead ! d\gh1 ! cell>]s pit* _! amphoras1 ! m\rn]s lam5t & te> _! hair z x 0 _! duty to d 9 ! _w above2 ea* individual is occupi$ accord+ to 8 condition4 ,! social hi]>*y foll[$ ! ,egyptian aft] dea?1 & x regulat$ ! pose ( ! /atue aft]1 z x _h regulat$ t ( ! model be=e1 dea?4 ,up to a c]ta9 po9t x is ! same to-day1 & he :o c>ves ! /atue ( a pr9t] is c>eful n to attribute to him ! action & co/ume ( a m9] or a sailor4 ,^! /atues1 %ut up 9 ! tomb1 =m$ a sort ( tableau 9 :i* ea* p]son held = ev] ! pose *>act]i/ic ( 8 rank or 8 pr(ession4 ,! arti/ 0 free to v>y ! detail & regulate ! accessories accord+ to 8 fancy1 b he c\ld n *ange ! g5]al disposition )\t injur+ ! utility ( 8 "w4 ,at bottom1 x is ) ! /atues ( ,anci5t ,egypt z ) ! pictures ( sa9ts ( ! ,italian s*ools4 ,! pa9t]s _h to treat _! subject on l9es f :i* !y c\ld n dep>t )\t falsify+ or disfigur+ x4 ,br+ sixty or eighty ,/4 ,seba/ians toge!r 9 a room3 h[ _m ( ^? :o saw !m w\ld escape ! bor$om t infallibly results f con/ant repetition8 ,:5 ! t5? ,/4 ,seba/ian 0 rea*$ only a few pr(essional arti/s w\ld n h already gone away4 ,i am suppos+1 too1 t only *oice pictures _h be5 collect$ 9 :i* ! qualities ( a ma/] are easily recogniz$4 ,if1 on ! contr>y1 !re _h be5 collect$ at r&om all ! available ,/4 ,seba/ians )\t fir/ elim9at+ ! bad pictures1 ! f9e/ ,/4 ,seba/ians 9 ! _w1 lo/ 9 ! cr[d1 w\ld be likely to attract no m att5tion f ! public ?an ! ,cr\*+ ,scribe or ! o!r ma/]pieces ( ,egyptian sculpture 9 ! ,l\vre4 ,! hypo!sis appe>s absurd1 because no "o w easily admit t any "o c\ld h ! idea ( mak+ su* a collection4 ,i agree s f> z mod]n or anci5t works1 ! value ( :i* is kn[n1 are conc]n$2 b ,egyptian ,museums h s f> always be5 classifi$ z depts ( ar*ological objects1 n z art gall]ies4 ,ea* /atue is a scribe1 a god1 a k+2 x is ! scribe ,hor ( ! ,x,i,xth ,dyna/y1 or ! scribe ,skhemka ( ! ,v?1 or ! k+ ,sovkhotp\1 we>+ ! head-dress ( ! ps*5t1 & t is all4 ,! trump]y scribes & ! scribes t emanate f ! h&s ( a ma/] are confus$ "u ! same rubric1 & no m>k is plac$ to di/+ui% ! good f ! bad4 ,peh\rn[ri is a scribe1 ,ramke a second scribe1 ,rahotp\ a ?ird scribe1 j z ! ,/4 ,seba/ian ( su* or su* a great ,italian ma/] & ! ,/4 ,seba/ians ( ! ,ep9al pictures are two ,/4 ,seba/ians3 ! public :i* is n w>n$1 & :i* has no m int]e/ 9 "o scribe ?an 9 ano!r1 passes on )\t look+4 ,! impression ( monotony is produc$ by ! p]petual repetition ( ! same types & by ! me?od ( classification adopt$ 9 ! museums4 ,if x 0 decid$ to d = ,egypt :at has be5 done = ,greece & ,rome1 to sep>ate ! productions ( art & ! objects ( ar*ology1 p's op9ion w\ld be promptly modifi$4 ,! impression ( monotony w\ld n :olly disappe>1 because ! numb] ( types /udi$ by ! ,egyptian sculptors 0 n suffici5tly num]\s3 x w\ld be less5$ & w\ld no long] bl9d ! cr[d to ! real beauty & p]fection t reside 9 ,egyptian sculpture4 ,,ix ,,! ,,dw>f ,,khn\mhotp\ 7,,v? ,,or ,,vi? ,,dyna/y7 7,b\laq ,museum7 ,! *>m+ p]son :o left u ?is /atue is kn[n1 s9ce ! ,exhibition ( #ahgh1 by ! "n ( ! ,sup]9t5d5t ( ! ,cooks2 8 title 9 ! inscription on ! p$e/al indicates a keep] ( ! w>drobe4 ,9 8 lifetime he d\btless enjoy$ "s notoriety1 s9ce he _h "o ( ! f9e tombs ( ,saqq>ah = himself alone1 b we "k no?+ ( 8 hi/ory4 ,8 "n 0 ,khn\mhotp\1 a "n lat] made illu/ri\s by a pr9ce ( ,m9ieh "u ! ,x,i,ith ,dyna/y3 8 place ( burial proves t he 0 born at ! end ( ! ,v? or beg9n+ ( ! ,v,ith ,dyna/y4 ,he 0 a dw>f1 & a v small dw>f4 ,! /atue is sc>cely a foot 9 height1 & ! dim5sions ( ! head %[ t x 0 probably half ! natural size4 ,x reproduces ! *>act]i/ics prop] to dw>fs )\t exagg]at+ !m4 ,! head1 ( a suitable size1 is long-%ap$ & flank$ by two l>ge e>s4 ,! expression ( ! face is heavy & /upid1 ! eyes n>r[ & rais$ at ! temples1 & ! m\? wide & ill-=m$4 ,! *e/ is /rong & well develop$1 b ! arti/ has employ$ 8 +5uity 9 va9 9 ord] to dissimulate ! h9d-qu>t]s by cov]+ !m ) a va/ :ite petticoat2 not)/&+1 we feel t ! torso is n 9 proportion to ! arms & legs4 ,! /oma* =ms a r\nd projection1 & ! hips rec$e 9 ord] to c\nt]balance ! /oma*4 ,! ?ighs only exi/ 9 a rudim5t>y /ate1 & ! :ole individual1 m\nt$ z he is on little de=m$ feet1 seems ab\t to fall face d[nw>ds on ! gr\nd4 ,! fle% 0 pa9t$ r$1 ! hair black1 b ! col\r has peel$ (f or be5 effac$ 9 places4 ,! two legs 7 brok5 =m]ly at ! ankle1 !n /uck on aga9 :5 ! /atue 0 transport$ to ! ,museum4 ,x is v possible t ! accid5t happ5$ dur+ ! execution ( ! /atue1 = ! lime/one us$ by ! ,egyptians is s fragile t ! sculptor did n v5ture to deta* ! arms f ! body3 too h>d a bl[ ( ! mallet :ile free+ ! legs may h caus$ ! un=tunate fracture t spoils ! bottom ( ! monum5t4 ,khn\mhotp\ is1 s f>1 ! only dw>f t has come to light :o is a nobleman4 ,simil> dw>fs 7 n lack+ 9 ,egypt1 b !y ne>ly all belong$ to ! class ( juggl]s & buffoons4 ,! ,ph>aohs & ! pr9ces ( _! c\rt be/[$ ! same affection on ^! de=m$ creatures z did ,*ri/ian or ,mussulman k+s 9 m$ival times2 _! h\sehold w\ld n h be5 complete )\t two or ?ree ( !m ( an aspect m or less grotesque4 ,ti possess$ "o t figures by h] 9 h] tomb3 ! poor wret* holds 9 8 "r h& a k9d ( l>ge wood5 sceptre t]m9at$ by a model ( a human h&1 & leads a greyh\nd almo/ z tall z himself 9 a lea%4 ,else:]e dw>fs are repres5t$ cr\*+ on a /ool at ! feet ( _! ma/]s1 by ! side ( ! fav\rite monkey or dog4 ,we "k f ! pictures ( ,b5i-,hassan t two ( !m belong$ to ! pr9ce ( ,m9ieh's suite2 "o1 despite 8 small size1 does n lack elegance1 b ! o!r enjoys ) ! exiguity ( 8 /ature ! pleasure ( be+ club-foot$4 ,! ,egyptian heav5 did n escape ! prevail+ mania any m ?an ! c\rt ( ! ,ph>aohs1 & x includ$ sev]al dw>fs1 ( :om two at lea/ _h an important rle3 ,bsa1 :o presid$ ov] arms & ! toilet1 & ! ,phtah1 :o = a long :ile has1 )\t reason1 be5 call$ embryonic ,phtah4#dd ,p]haps ,kn\mhotp\ jo9$ to 8 functions ( keep] ( ! w>drobe ! (fice ( c\rt buffoon2 p]haps he 0 ( noble bir?1 & pres]v$ by 8 orig9 f ! disagreeables to :i* 8 bre?r5 ( l[ extraction 7 expos$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,dw>f ,,khn\mhotp\4 ,cairo ,museum4 ,b we h no ne$ to "k :at he 03 m]ely 9 leav+ u 8 portrait1 he has r5d]$ signal s]vice to sci5ce4 ,let u recall ! "p play$ by ! /atues ( ! tombs 9 ! !ological conceptions ( ! ,egyptians3 !y 7 ! indisp5sable support ( ! d\ble1 ! body )\t :i* ! s\l ( ! dead p]son c\ld n exi/ 9 ! o!r _w4 ,x might be ?\ght t 9 pass+ f life 9 ?is _w to t beyond ! tomb1 ! p to :om beauty _h be5 *>y might n h be5 sorry to assume a new appe>ance2 if we are to be re-born1 x is bett] to be re-born less ugly4 ,! c>e t poor ,khn\mhotp\ has tak5 to rea* u de=m$ %[s t ! old ,egyptians did n hold our views on ! subject3 !y desir$ to rema9 always z nature creat$ !m at ! mom5t ( conception4 ,x 0 n abs5ce ( coquetry on _! "p1 b necessity3 _! idea ( ! s\l compell$ !m s to act4 ,f ! mom5t t _! p]sonality 0 indissolubly b\nd up ) ! exi/5ce ( ! body1 ! fir/ condition impos$ on !m = rema9+ id5tical ) !mselves aft] dea?1 z be=e1 0 to pres]ve _! e>?ly =m intact4 ,9 ord] t ! ,khn\mhotp\ :o dwelt 9 ! hypogeum ( ,saqq>ah might n be a diff]5t be+ f ! ,khn\mhotp\ :o walk$ ?r\gh ! /reets ( ,memphis1 x 0 necess>y t 8 dis9c>nat$ d\ble %\ld f9d !re ! support ( a /atue ( a dw>f4 ,give him ! f9e proportions ( ,ti or ,rn(ir1 ! pr\d be>+ & haughty mi5 ( ! ,*ekh-el-,bel$1 ev5 ! m common type ( ! ,cr\*+ ,scribe1 he w\ld n h kn[n :at to d4 ,8 sub/ance1 p\r$1 s to speak1 into ! exigu\s & de=m$ m\ld ( ! dw>f1 c\ld nev] h adapt$ itself to ! new m\ld into :i* ! arti/ w\ld h tri$ to ca/ x4 ,khn\mhotp\ beautifi$ w\ld no long] h be5 ,khn\mhotp\2 8 tomb1 )\t ! /atue ( a dw>f1 w\ld only h %elt]$ a d\ble & a support /rang]s to ea* o!r4 ,x 0 !n ! lik5ess1 & ! absolute lik5ess1 t ! arti/ _h to seek to reproduce1 & ! s]i\sness & scrupul\sness ) :i* he r5d]$ ! de=mity ( 8 model is ?us expla9$4 ,! ,egyptians 7 sc(f]s by nature1 & lik$ to m+le ! comic ) ! s]i\s1 n only 9 lit]ature b 9 ! arts4 ,to take only "o example3 ! pa9t] :o1 at ,!bes1 pictur$ ! int]m5t ( ,n(rihotp\1 has drawn1 by ! side ( ! l>ge boats lad5 ) m\rn]s & all ! app>atus ( grief1 ! contortions ( two sailors ^: %allop 0 brutally /ruck by ! o>s ( ! fun]>y b>que4 ,if ! sculptor :o *isell$ ,khn\mhotp\ _h be5 free to foll[ 8 natural incl9ation1 he w\ld probably h exagg]at$ c]ta9 features & giv5 ! un=tunate creature a slightly absurd physiognomy4 ,8 religi\s consci5ce w\ld n p]mit him to risk any?+ ( ! k9d3 a /atue ugli] ?an nature w\ld h be5 z inconv5i5t to ! s\l ( ! orig9al z a /atue m beautiful ?an nature4 ,a body ( /one id5tical at all po9ts ) ! body ( fle% 0 :at ! ,egyptian dem&$1 & t is exactly :at ! sculptor fa%ion$ = ! little ,khn\mhotp\4 ,we see "h t :at we call ! "q ( art is subsidi>y3 a /one-cutt] :o und]/ood 8 bus9ess suffic$ = all t 0 requir$4 ,x mu/ n1 h[ev]1 be conclud$ f :at prec$es t ,i reg>d ! portrait ( ,khn\mhotp\ z ! "w ( a m]e artisan4 ,x has be5 too (t5 repeat$ t /atu>y 9 ,egypt 0 a me*anical craft2 sculptors 7 taught to fa%ion arms1 legs1 heads1 & torsos1 & to jo9 !m1 accord+ to ! =mula1 9 imitation ( two or ?ree models always ! same4 ,t op9ion1 repeat$ by ! ,greeks1 is fairly difficult to uphold 9 ! pres5ce ( ! /atue ( ,kn\mhotp\2 x might be possible to set up patt]ns = bodies ( ord9>y =mation1 b all v>ieties ( de=m$ bodies c\ld n possibly be =ese54 ,! unkn[n ma/] ^: "w we h at ,b\laq proce$$ 9 exactly ! same mann] z a mod]n sculptor1 ! necessities ( ^: "w confront$ him ) a de=m$ model3 he produc$ a "w ( art1 n ! task ( a me*anic4 ,x ,,! ,,favissa ,,( ,,k>nak ,,& ,,! ,,!ban ,,s*ool ,,( ,,sculpture#de ,i ,a l>ge pool among ! ru9s1 & at ! s\!rn end two batt]ies ( *ad\fs1 "o on top ( ! o!r1 work+ to exhau/ ! wat] cont9ually r5ew$ by ! infiltrations4 ,on ! banks are blocks & muddy /atues1 r\nd :i* half-nak$ workm5 are busily occupi$1 beams1 lev]s1 coils ( rope1 & ! beg9n+s ( a ,decauville l9e2 rema9s ( /ori$ walls dom9ate ! work%ops1 & ! mod]n village ( ,k>nak /&s out cle>ly on ! horizon beyond _! irregul> tops4 ,:5 ! fir/ ,ptolemies decid$ at ! beg9n+ ( ! ?ird c5tury ,b4,c4 to re/ore ! ,!ban temple ( ,amon1 !y f\nd x encumb]$ ) ex-votos4 ,ev]y:]e1 9 ! halls1 ! corridors1 ! c\rt-y>ds1 !re 7 /el1 /one /atues1 little wood5 or bronze figures1 sacr$ or royal insignia1 heap$ up "o on ! o!r1 & 9 su* quantities t !re 0 no space = new ones4 ,x 0 a legacy ( ext9ct ,dyna/ies or ( noble families :o _h di$ out1 to :om ! ,ph>aohs _h grant$ ! privilege ( consecrat+ _! image 9 ! h\se ( ! god1 & to sell or de/roy any ( !m w\ld h be5 to commit sacrilege4#df ,!y 7 dealt ) accord+ to ! cu/om ( ! contempor>y peoples3 a va/ pit 0 dug betwe5 ! sev5? pylon & ! hypo/yle hall1 & !n !y 7 buri$ pell-mell 9 holy gr\nd4 ,tw5ty c5turies lat]1 9 #ahhc1 ha/ily made s\nd+s reveal$ ! ri*ness ( ! site to me1 b1 lack+ money1 ,i c\ld n v5ture to und]take any?+4 ,x 0 n until #aija1 :5 ! regul> progress ( cle>+ away br\ght ! workm5 to ! spot1 t ,i advis$ ,m4 ,legra9 to dig m deeply ?an usual1 s t no?+ :i* 0 hidd5 b5ea? ! e>? might escape obs]vation4 ,! excavations yield$ j :at ,i _h =ese51 royal colossi 9 granite1 lime/one1 s&/one :i* 7 re/or$ to _! anci5t places along ! pylon2 a little bel[ came fragm5ts ( a f9e lime/one build+ ( ,am5!s ,i t ,?\tmsis ,,iii _h us$ = bank+ up :5 he enl>g$ ! temple2 & at ! v bottom1 at a dep? ( ov] six1 twelve1 f\rte5 y>ds1 :at none ( u _h ?\ght (1 an intact favissa 9 :i* hundr$s ( /atues & small objects await$ 9 ! mud ! h\r ( _! deliv]ance4 ,= f\r ye>s ,m4 ,legra9 has be5 explor+ ! spot foot by foot1 & ,i ?9k he has succe$$ 9 entirely empty+ x4 ,we mu/ n[ draw up ! inv5tory ( ! treasures x has be/[$ on u4 ,! greate/ b5efit conf]r$ by !m is assur$ly on political hi/ory4 ,all epo*s are n repres5t$ 9 equal abundance--! fir/ ,!ban ,empire is1 s to speak1 m]ely m5tion$1 & ! two great ,dyna/ies ( ! second are repres5t$ only by ab\t a hundr$ pieces--b f ! fall ( ! ,ramessides to ! ,p]sian conque/ ! s]ies ( ! high prie/s ( ,amon reappe>s almo/ complete1 ) _! wives1 sons1 bro!rs1 ! *ildr5 or late/ desc5dants ( _! bro!rs1 & f ! day :5 ! male l9e fail$1 ! pr9cesses :o inh]it$ its rights1 ) ! noble p]sons :o wield$ ! p[] 9 _! "n4 ,h[ev]1 ! l>ge f9d all at once ( /atues & inscriptions s]ves n only to give in=mation ab\t ! revolution t trans=m$ ! milit>y k+dom ( ,!bes into a !ocracy1 b also furni%es docum5ts = ! /udy ( ! progress ( art dur+ ! tw5ty c5turies & m t ! revolution took4 ,! arti/ic m]it ( ! objects is v unequal1 & _m ( !m are only int]e/+ to ! ar*ologi/2 "s1 h[ev]1 /& out di/+ui%$ above ! mass1 & take _! rank wor?ily beside ! be/ kn[n productions ( ,egyptian art4 ,z !y come f ! same temple1 & h be5 erect$ by diff]5t memb]s ( ! same families1 x is natural to see 9 !m ! "w ( "o s*ool1 e/abli%$ at ,!bes 9 f>-(f antiquity4 ,inde$1 a unity ( "* common to all is easily disc]n$1 :i*1 p]petuat+ itself )\t notable *ange f g5]ation to g5]ation1 fixes und5iable aff9ities ( conception & te*nique4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,works ,,at ,,k>nak ,,9 ,,janu>y1 #aijf4 ,,ii ,sett+ aside a few /el 9 :i* ! arrangem5t is bad & ! composition co>se1#dg ! mo/ anci5t monum5ts we possess ( t s*ool are ^? discov]$ by ,c>t] & ,naville betwe5 #aijj & #aijf 9 ! tomb ( ,mont\hotp\ ,v at ,der-el-,bah>4 ,! bas-reliefs ( ! *apel belong+ to ! pyramid are z correct 9 design & z firm 9 t\* z ! f9e ,memphian bas-reliefs ( ! ,v? or ,v,ith ,dyna/y2 b ! relief is m acc5tuat$1 ! outl9e bold] & fre]1 ! man m ?ick-set1 & m firmly plac$ on ! gr\nd1 ! woman ( a m sl5d] figure1 ) l>g] hips & a m ample bosom4 ,! /atue ( ! k+ :i* is 9 ! ,cairo ,museum#dh 0 cut 9 ! s&/one ) a bold1 firm *isel4 ,! feet & knees are ?ick1 ! h&s massive1 ! bu/ indicat$ 9 summ>y fa%ion1 ! face boldly modell$4 ,! col\r is h>%1 ! fle% black1 ! co/ume :ite1 ! cap r$1 accord+ to ! ritual ( ! c]emonies = :i* x 0 de/9$2 ! :ole has an aspect ( b>b>ism1 b a prem$itat$ b>b>ism1 hav+ reg>d to ! religi\s effect to be produc$4 ,if a ,memphian sculptor _h treat$ a simil> subject1 he w\ld n h fail$ to h>monize ! l9es & s(t5 ! col\r3 unconsci\sly he w\ld h fus$ its type ) ! s(t] type ( human physiognomy t prevail$ 9 8 s*ool1 at ! risk ( enfeebl+ its en]gy4 ,! ,!ban sculptor1 on ! contr>y1 ex]t$ himself above all to reproduce ! tru? z x reveal$ itself to him1 & t preoccupation is dom9ant to ! end ) all ( 8 s*ool4 ,!y s\ght ! lik5ess ) ! int5tion ( exagg]at+ r ?an ( s(t5+ ! individual features ( ! subject1 & 9 ord] to atta9 x1 did n %r9k f r\ghness ( execution nor viol5ce ( col\r3 !y (t5 fell into b>b>ism1 b sc>cely ev] into banality4 ,:51 "u ! ,x,i,ith ,dyna/y1 ,!bes became "o ( ! capitals ( ,egypt1 its k+s sometimes employ$ local arti/s1 sometimes call$ 9 sculptors imbu$ ) ! ,memphian tradition f ,h]acleopolis or ! ,fay\m4 ,*ance has pres]v$ = u two colossal heads1 "o ( ,san\osrt ,i 7,ousirtas571#di discov]$ by ,m>iette 9 ! ru9s ( ,abydos1 ! o!r ( ,san\osrt ,,iii1 extract$ by ,m4 ,legra9 f ! pit at ,k>nak4 ,! h&icraft is excell5t 9 bo? cases1 & seldom has ?is unpromis+ /one be5 work$ ) great] skill1 b ! inspiration ( ! :ole is diff]5t4 ,"h are two p]sons ( ! same race1 & ! g5]al resemblance is suffici5t to set aside any d\bt3 = if x 7 n !re1 we %\ld be tempt$ to see 9 ea* a sov]eign ( a diff]5t ,dyna/y4 ,! fir/ belongs to a s*ool inspir$ by ! ,memphian tradition3 ! sculptor has idealiz$ or1 if pref]r$1 symboliz$ 8 model1 & has giv5 x ! %ort full oval1 ! smil+ good-hum\r$ face t ! s*ool adopt$ = (ficial /atues ( ! ,ph>aohs4 ,! second1 on ! o!r h&1 copi$ ! features )\t s(t5+ a s+le "o2 ! face is long & ?91 ! br[ n>r[1 ! *eek-bones prom95t1 ! jaw bony & heavy4 ,he has holl[$ ! *eeks1 surr\nd$ ! nose ) two deep furr[s1 tight5$ ! l[] lip & project$ x into a contemptu\s p\t2 he has realiz$ a /rong "w1 :]eas ! o!r1 p5etrat$ by opposite pr9ciples1 has only evolv$ f ! /one an agreeable composition1 b "o lack+ individuality4 ,illu/ration3 ,,mont\hotp\ ,v4 ,pa9t$ s&/one4 ,illu/ration3 ,,head ,,( ,a ,,colossus ,,( ,,san\osr,t4 ,p9k granite4 ,! contra/ betwe5 ! two me?ods is less /rik+ 9 ! bas-reliefs ?an 9 ! /atues4 ,among ! fragm5ts us$ by ,?\tmsis ,,iii = fill+ up is a squ>e pill> emanat+ f a lime/one build+ ( ,san\osrt ,i4 ,! ,ph>aoh is se5 on "o ( ! sides accompani$ by ,phtah4 ,!y are !re1 ! sov]eign & ! god1 face to face1 brea?+ ea* o!r's brea?1 accord+ to ! etiquette ( greet+ betwe5 p]sons equal 9 rank4 ,! /yle greatly resembles t ( ! ,memphian s*ool1 b :5 exam9$ m closely1 peculi>ities ( ! ,!ban s*ool are to be di/+ui%$4 ,! cont\rs are firmly fix$1 ! relief is less flat1 & consequ5tly ! %ad[s less ?91 & ?us ! outl9e ( ! figures /&s out m /rongly aga9/ ! backgr\nd ?an 9 ! pictures ( ,gizeh or ,saqq>ah3 a ,memphian w\ld p]haps h display$ m elegance1 b w\ld h rema9$ true to conv5tion4 ,! sc5es engrav$ on ! o!r ?ree sides also pres5t ! *>act]i/ics ( ,!ban art1 & x is a pity t ! fragm5t is s f> unique4 ,if ! re/ ( ! temple 0 decorat$ 9 ! same happy fa%ion1 ! ,x,i,vth ,dyna/y enc\rag$ at ,!bes a "w comp>able to ! f9e/ ( ! ,x,v,i,i,ith or ,x,i,xth on ! porticoes ( ,der-el-,bah>1 9 ! sanctu>y ( ,g\rnah1 & 9 ! ,memnonium erect$ by ,set\ ,i at ,abydos4 ,illu/ration3 ,,san\osr,t ,,& ,,! ,,god ,,phtah4 ,f9e s&/one4 ,,iii ,x is ) ! /atues ( ! ,x,v,i,i,ith ,dyna/y discov]$ at ,k>nak by ,m4 ,legra9 z ) ^? ( ! ,x,i,ith3 directly we look at !m we notice di/9ctive signs ( ! s*ool1 ) modifications t are expla9$ :5 we consid] ! position ( ,!bes at t p]iod4 ,! fav\rite resid5ce ( ! ,ph>aohs & p]man5t seat ( _! gov]nm5t1 its prosp]ity 0 cont9ually increas$ by ! booty ga9$ 9 ,syria or ,e?iopia1 & z weal? increas$1 s did ! ta/e = build+4 ,n only did ! k+s nev] tire ( embelli%+ ! city1 b1 foll[+ _! example1 private individuals built sumptu\s palaces & tombs !re4 ,= s mu* activity a l>ge supply ( arti/s 0 ne$$3 /udios multipli$1 sculptors came f all p>ts ( ! c\ntry to supplem5t ! few ,!ban sculptors4 ,^? /rang]s did n jo9 ! local s*ool )\t ex]cis+ "s influ5ce on x3 x 0 subdivid$ into sev]al bran*es1 ea* ( :i*1 :ile pres]v+ a common gr\nd ( precepts & habits1 soon assum$ its p]sonal physiognomy4 ,we already "k two or ?ree ( !m1 b h[ _m mu/ !re h be5 dur+ ! ?ree c5turies t ! ,dyna/y la/$1 all ! "w ( :i* is lo/ = u or confus$ ) ! mass8 ,illu/ration3 ,,bu/ ,,( ,,?\tm,,sis ,,iii4 ,grey ,s*i/4 ,i l to attribute to ! same /udio1 besides a c]ta9 numb] ( pieces rec5tly acquir$ by ! ,cairo ,museum1 ?ree ( ! be/ fragm5ts extricat$ by ,m4 ,legra9 f ! favissa1 ! ,?\tmsis ,,iii1 ! ,isis1 & ! ,sanma\t4 ,! ,?\tmsis ,,iii is 9 a v supple s*i/ t all[s ! mo/ delicate *isell+1 & no engrav+ c d ju/ice to ! delicacy ( ! modell+3 ! play ( ! muscles is discreetly not$1 b ) extraord9>y sur5ess1 &1 ! imp]ceptible %ad[s x produces v>y+ 9 proportion z we walk r\nd ! figure1 ! aspect ( ! physiognomy seems to *ange f mom5t to mom5t4 ,isis 0 n ( royal bir?1 & p]haps came f "o ( ! l[] /rata ( society3 five-&-tw5ty ye>s ago h] exi/5ce 0 n suspect$1 & ! ,k>nak /atue 9 p9k granite is ! fir/ portrait we h ( h]4 ,x is ?r\gh h]1 h[ev]1 t ,?\tmsis ,,iii possesses ! features by :i* he diff]s f 8 pr$ecessors1 ! l>ge aquil9e nose1 wide-op5$1 almo/ protrud+ eyes1 full m\?1 r\nd$ face4 ,! heavy wig he we>s made ! sculptor's task difficult2 s mu* ! great] !n is ! m]it 9 conceiv+ a "w be=e :i* we pause1 ev5 by ! side ( ! prec$+ "o4 ,x conta9s all ! *>act]i/ics ( ! ,!ban s*ool1 ! seek+ aft] ! p]sonal expression1 ! s9c]ity ( ! r5d]+1 ! wid? ( ! %\ld]s &1 z a set-(f1 ! int5tional smallness ( ! wai/ betwe5 ! ample brea/s & broad hips4 ,/udy ( ! composition compels u to attribute x to ! same /udio1 if n to ! same arti/ to :om we owe ! /atue ( ,?\tmsis ,,iii4 ,i ?9k ! same ab\t ! gr\p repres5t+ ,sanma\t & ! little pr9cess ,nafr\rya ^: /ew>d he 03 no?+ c\ld be less conv5tional ?an ! free1 firm ge/ure ) :i* he holds ! *ild1 or ! po/ure ( tru/+ ab&on ) :i* %e leans aga9/ 8 brea/4 ,! frankness ( ! movem5t well h>monizes ) ! spiritual g5tl5ess ( ! face & ! smile t animates ! eyes & ! full lips4 ,sanma\t 0 ,que5 ,ha*ops\t\'s major-domo1 & 8 sov]eign _h au?oriz$ him to erect 8 /atues 9 ! temple ( ,amon4 ,aft] exam9+ ^? t rema9 to u1 x _c be d\bt$ t !y all come f "o ( ! royal /udios1 mo/ probably ! "o :5ce came lat] ! /atues ( ,?\tmsis & 8 "m ,isis4 ,illu/ration3 ,,isis1 ,,"m ,,( ,,?\tm,,sis ,,iii4 ,& we h direct pro( t ! ,!ban sculptors ( t p]iod tri$ above ev]y?+ to make sure ( ! lik5ess4 ,!y drew _! subject ov] & ov] aga9 be=e def9itely mak+ ! r\gh sket*1 & ! dry climate ( ,egypt has pres]v$ _m ( _! c>toons4 ,c>toon is n exactly ! t]m1 s9ce !y us$ fragm5ts ( lime/one = _! /udies1 b ! ^w o/raca by :i* !y are designat$ is n mu* bett]1 &1 fur!r1 is only intelligible to exp]t ,egyptologi/s4 ,hundr$s ( !m h f\nd _! way to ! ,cairo ,museum1 & !y %[ ! attempts ( ! arti/1 8 hesitations & corrections1 ! v>iations ( 8 ?\ght & ( 8 h&1 d[n to ! mom5t :5 he became absolute ma/] ( 8 model4 ,m ?an once1 too1 ! *ances ( excavation h br\ght ! model itself to light1 & provid$ u ) ! means ( comp>+ ! portrait ) ! orig9al4 ,t is ! case ) ,?\tmsis ,,iii4 ,8 mummy 0 f\nd 9 #ahha 9 ! favissa ( ,der-el-,bah> & is exhibit$ ) ! o!rs 9 ! ,gall]y ( ,sov]eigns 9 ! ,cairo ,museum4 ,! face has c]ta9ly greatly *ang$ 9 c\rse ( mummification1 & ! %runk5 fle%1 ! sunk5 eyes1 ! flatt5$ nose1 & ! discol\r$ sk9 make him v diff]5t f :at he 0 =m]ly4 ,b if ! sup]ficies has *ang$1 :at is b5ea? has endur$3 if we comp>e ! pr(ile ( ! face ) ! mask ( ! /atue1 we mu/ admit t !y are id5tical1 ) ! addition ( ! life1 ! expression ( :i* 0 p]petuat$ by ! sculptor4 ,illu/ration3 ,,sanma\t ,,& ,,! ,,pr9cess ,,naf,,r\r,,ya4 ,black granite4 ,let u skip a c5tury & a half1 & transport ourselves to ! la/ ye>s ( ! ,dyna/y3 !y h bequea!d u sev]al pieces t mu/ be relat$ to a common orig93 ! f9e woman's head t ,m>iette call$ ,taia1 ! ,khons\ & ! ,amon ( ,h>mhbi1#ej ! ,t\tn\khaman\1 & p]haps also ! /atuette 9 petrifi$ wood extract$ f ! favissa by ,legra9 9 #aije4 ,is n a portrait ( ,a to be recogniz$ !re8 ,x is broadly treat$ despite its re/rict$ dim5sions1 b ! un=tunate mat]ial employ$ did n all[ ! arti/ to g f> z reg>ds execution3 ! lik5ess rema9s unc]ta94 ,b x pres]ves ! m>k ( ! s*ool1 & v>i\s details 9 ! nose1 m\?1 ! cut ( ! eyes1 ! inset ( ! eyebr[s1 lead me to ?9k t we %all probably be "r 9 attribut+ x to ! gr\p ( arti/s to :om we owe ! ,khons\ & ! ,t\tn\khaman\4 ,i am c]ta9 t !y come f ! same h&1 & an in/ant's exam9ation w prove x4 ,! two figures might almo/ be sup]impos$3 ! eye is holl[$ out 9 an id5tical am\nt 9 bo?1 ! atta*m5t ( ! nose is simil>1 & s is ! way ( slightly inflat+ ! no/rils & ( dilat+ ! middle ( ! lips & compress+ ! corn]s4 ,! physiognomy has some?+ ail+ 9 x1 b ! indications ( ill-heal?1 ! obliquity & bruis$ appe>ance ( ! eyes1 ! ?9ness ( ! *eeks & neck1 ! prom95ce ( ! %\ld]-bones1 are m p]ceptible 9 ! ,khons\ ?an 9 ! ,t\tn\khaman\2 we might say t ! model ( ! ,khons\1 if x is n ,t\tn\khaman\ at a m advanc$ age1 _h a m visible t5d5cy to consumption4 ,a doctor %\ld /udy !m bo?3 he alone c\ld decide1 if1 z ,i imag9e1 !y repres5t a sick man1 & possibly he c\ld1 accord+ to ! ext]nal aspect ( ! subject1 e/abli% ! exact diagnosis ( ! disease4 ,! simil>ities are less m>k$ 9 ! head call$ ,taia1 & !y are n at once noticeable 9 ! engrav+3 b !y are cle> to ^? :o h /udi$ ! orig9als4 ,9 a slight] degree all ! details ,i h not$ 9 ,khons\ & ,t\tn\khaman\ are !re3 ! que5 is n a sick woman1 b ! diff]5t p>ts ( h] face are treat$ 9 ! same way1 & ! h& :i* sculptur$ !m is t :i* s delicately *isell$ ! portraits ( ! god & ! ,ph>aoh1 its contempor>ies4 ,ev5 :5 only ! que5 0 kn[n1 h] /range physiognomy greatly excit$ ! imag9ation ( s*ol>s4 ,m>iette1 :o discov]$ h]1 ?\ght h] a /rang] to ,egypt2 he id5tifi$ h] ) ,tyi1 ! wife ( ,am5!s ,,iii1 & decl>$ h] to be ,syrian1 ,hittite1 ,arm5ian1 & 8 op9ion long prevail$4 ,we "k n[ t h] date is at lea/ a qu>t] ( a c5tury aft] ,tyi1 & t %e repres5ts ! wife or "m ( ,h>mhbi1 "o ( ! ,ph>aohs :o succe$$ ! h]etical sov]eigns ( ! ,x,v,i,i,ith ,dyna/y4 ,& 9 fact ! portraits ( ,tyi t h rec5tly em]g$ f ! e>? h no po9t ( lik5ess ) t ( ,m>iette's que54 ,!y pres5t a woman ( a ?9 bony type1 ) heavy jaw & long depress$ *91 a l[ rec$+ =ehead1 ! physiognomy ( ! ,ph>aoh ,kh\niaton\ ) :i* ! bas-reliefs & /atues ( ,el-,am>na h famili>iz$ u4 ,by ! =m & expression ( h] face our que5 is alli$ to ! family ( ,h>mhbi or ,t\tn\khaman\3 ! resemblance ( h] /atue to ^? ( ,legra9 w\ld suffici5tly prove x1 if fur!r pro( 7 requir$4 ,& n[1 :5 ! two gr\ps ,i h j describ$ h be5 comp>$1 x is easily admitt$ t ! inspiration & te*nique ( ! second proce$ directly f ! inspiration & te*nique ( ! fir/4 ,ta/e fluctuat$ dur+ ! five or six g5]ations t divide !m1 & ! caprices ( fa%ion h influ5c$ ! execution3 b ! g5]al *>act]i/ics rema9 un*ang$1 & _! p]si/5ce all[s u once aga9 to ass]t ! cont9uity ( ! s*ool4 ,illu/ration3 ,,/atuette ,,9 ,,petrifi$ ,,wood4 ,illu/ration3 ,,!ban ,,khons\4 ,granite4 ,illu/ration3 ,,/atue ,,( ,,t\t,,n\khaman\4 ,r$ granite4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,s-,,call$ ,,taia4 ,:ite lime/one4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ramses ,,ii4 ,alaba/]4 ,tur9 ,museum4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ramses ,,iv ,,lead+ ,a ,,libyan ,,captive4 ,grey granite4 ,,iv ,x ma9ta9$ its fl\ri%+ condition dur+ ! ,x,i,xth ,dyna/y1 & ! favissa has re/or$ to u works t yield 9 no?+ to ^? ( ! prec$+ age4 ,9 my op9ion ! be/ is a mutilat$ /atue ( ,ramses ,,ii1 s l ! big ,tur9 /atue 9 pose & execution t x might be ! fir/ r\gh draft ( x1 or ! exact small] copy4 ,a few pieces ( ! ,x,xth ,dyna/y are wor?y ( e/eem )\t ris+ f> above m$iocrity1 z 9 a little gr\p 9 granite ( ,ramses ,,vi br++ a ,libyan prison] to ! god ,amon3 ! be>+ ( ! victori\s ,ph>aoh does n lack pride1 ! con/ra9$ po/ure ( ! b>b>ian is skillfully not$1 & ! movem5t ( ! m9iature lion t glides betwe5 ! two is int]pret$ ) ! cu/om>y naturalness ( ! ,egyptians :5 !y portray animals4#ea ,i pref] ! prie/ ) ! monkey1 or1 to give him 8 "n1 ,ramses-,nakh\ti1 ! *ief prophet ( ,amon4 ,9 a cr\*+ po/ure1 ) calves & ?ighs flat on ! gr\nd1 a roll spread out be=e him across 8 legs1 bewigg$ & petticoat$1 uncom=table 9 8 robes ( c]emony1 ) an air ( ab/raction he m$itates1 or sil5tly recites pray]s to himself4 ,a little hairy cynocephalus p]*es on 8 %\ld]s1 & looks at him ov] 8 head3 x is ! god ,?ot :o is reveal$ 9 ?is unusual position1 & x 0 difficult to co-ord9ate ! bea/ & ! man 9 a mann] t %\ld be nei!r absurd nor simply ugly4 ,! sculptor has come out ) hon\r4 ,! prie/ slightly b5ds 8 neck1 b we feel t ! bea/ does n weigh on him3 ! monkey on 8 "p half %r9ks beh9d ! head-dress1 & ! deep fr[n ( 8 face prev5ts ! mis*iev\s effect t ! c\nt5ance ( an animal above a human face might h produc$4 ,l ! gr\p ( ,ramses ,,vi1 x be>s ! impr9t ( ! s*ool1 b ) notable diff]5ces ( te*nique3 if ! fir/ 0 sculptur$ 9 "o ( ! royal /udios1 ! second comes f ano!r /udio ( :i* ! orig9 c be indicat$4 ,we "k h[1 ab\t a c5tury aft] ! dea? ( ,ramses ,,iii1 ! pontiffs ( ,amon made !mselves ma/]s ( ! :ole ( ! ,!bad3 :ile a new ,dyna/y e/abli%$ itself at ,tanis 9 ! ea/]n delta1 !y ex]cis$ supreme au?ority ov] ,s\!rn ,egypt & ,e?iopia1 sometimes ) ! title ( high-prie/1 sometimes ) t ( k+1 & _! sac]dotal h\se 0 ! seat ( _! gov]nm5t4 ,we d n "k ! exact site1 b we le>n f an inscription t x 0 situat$ ne> ! sev5? pylon1 n f> f ! spot :]e ! favissa 0 dug out4 ,x is probable t _! relatives obta9$ ! privilege f !m1 at ! mom5t !y assum$ dom9ation1 ( erect+ _! /atues 9 ! temple4 ,! c\rt-y>d betwe5 ! sev5? pylon & ! hypo/yle hall conta9s only a small numb] ( ex-votos3 !y *ose x z ! place 9 :i* to consecrate _! monum5ts1 & fill$ x 9 ! c\rse ( g5]ations4 ,:at has come d[n to u does n include all !y erect$ 9 _! own "n or to ! memory ( ^? !y lov$4 ,_m /atues 7 seiz$ or de/roy$ dur+ civil or =eign w>s1 b :5 ! ,mac$onians conqu]$ ! l& en\gh rema9$ = m ?an five hundr$ to be ?r[n into ! favissa4 ,a l>ge numb] ( arti/s mu/ h be5 ne$$ to execute s _m commissions1 &1 besides its royal /udio1 ,!bes long possess$ "o or sev]al pontifical /udios4 ,to "o ( ^? mu/ be assign$ ! man ) ! monkey1 & ne>ly all ! /atues aft] ! fall ( ! ,ramessides4 ,= ! mo/ "p !y h a real value1 & sc>cely yield to ! old royal works1 su* z ! lime/one /atuette ( ,orsorkon ,,ii1 :o drags himself along ! gr\nd & (f]s a boat to 8 god1 ! fragm5ts ( :i* h disappe>$4 ,we are =c$ to confess1 h[ev]1 t _m are1 if n bad1 ( no int]e/ = ! hi/ory ( art4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,prie/ ,,) ,,! ,,monkey4 ,! usual po/ure did n l5d itself to elegance4 ,!y are ne>ly all cr\*+1 ! ?ighs up to ! *e/1 ! arms cross$ on ! knees3 :at advantage 0 to be obta9$ f an attitude t r$uc$ a man to a m]e packet surm\nt$ by a head8 ,:]e ! model dep>t$ f ! hi]atical po/ure1 ! qualities ( ! s*ool are reveal$4 ,! ,ankhnasn(iriabr en ,ha?or has a some:at /ra9$ gracefulness3 x w\ld almo/ be> comp>ison ) ! ,am5]taous s mu* admir$ by ,m>iette1 if x 7 n lean+ aga9/ a big ugly pill>4 ,p]haps ! contra/ betwe5 ! sl5d] wai/ & ! inflat$ bu/ & belly is too m>k$ 9 ! ,ankhnas1 b ! composition ( ! head is irreproa*able4 ,x is ne>ly always s at t epo*3 if ! sculptors sometimes neglect$ ! bodies or int]pret$ !m ill1 !y c>$ lov+ly = ! heads4 ,f9e portraits may be c\nt$ by ! score among ! /atues f\nd 9 ! favissa4 ,i %all only give two "h1 t ( ,mantimeh & 8 son1 ,nsiphtah1 :o liv$ "u ,tah>k\ & ,psammeti*us ,i4 ,!bes 0 !n "u a curi\s gov]nm5t4 ,:5 ! male desc5dants ( ! prie/s fail$1 ! p[]1 & ^? sac]dotal functions t c\ld be ex]cis$ by wom51 pass$ into ! h&s ( ! pr9cesses3 "o ( !m 0 elect$1 :o1 w$d$ to ! god 9 a my/ic m>riage1 h5ce=? enjoy$ ! "r ( liv+ free z %e pleas$4 ,to assi/ !m 9 ! gov]nm5t1 ^! pallacides ( ,amon _h major-domos1 :o (t5 fill$ ) !m a simil> rle to t ( ! *ief m9i/] ) ! que5s ( ,madagasc> be=e ! occupation ( ! isl& by ! ,fr5*4 ,mantimeh & 8 son are ! be/ kn[n ( ^! p]sons1 & ! arti/s to :om ! c>e ( sculptur+ _! portraits 0 entru/$ w\ld c]ta9ly be ! be/ among ^? ( ! sac]dotal /udio4 ,x is1 9 fact1 nature itself1 & no ma/] ( a =m] age c\ld h express$ bett] or ) a bold] *isel ! bu/l+ vulg>ity ( ! fa!r & ! ari/ocratic inanity ( ! son4 ,! second ,sate p]iod & ! beg9n+ ( ! ,greek p]iod are almo/ entirely unrepres5t$ 9 ! favissa2 "u ! ,p]sians1 di/ress 0 too g5]al = arti/ic matt]s to be ?\ght (1 & ! ,mac$onian rule _h only j be5 consolidat$ :5 ! common pit 0 dug4 ,a granite head1 ( ha/y workman%ip b dignifi$ appe>ance1 %[s1 h[ev]1 t ! ,!ban /udio foll[$ ! movem5t t prevail$ 9 ! s*ools ( ,l[] ,egypt1 & t1 d\btless "u ! influ5ce ( ,greek models1 x gave att5tion to details hi!rto neglect$3 ! skull is /udi$ ) a great] c>e = accuracy1 & also ! slight accid5ts ( ! physiognomy1 ! furr[s ( ! =ehead1 ! l9es betwe5 ! eyes & at ! rise ( ! nose1 ! fall+ 9 or puff+ out ( ! *eeks1 ! play ( ! muscles r\nd ! no/rils & m\?4 ,! sculptor desir$ to note 9 8 "w n only ! broad l9es ( ! face1 b ! small details t *>act]ize ! individual & det]m9e 8 p]sonality4 ,illu/ration3 ,,osorkon ,,ii ,,(f]+ ,a ,,boat ,,to ,,! ,,god ,,amon4 ,illu/ration3 ,,que5 ,,ankhnasn(iriabr4 ,illu/ration3 ,,mantimeh4 ,illu/ration3 ,,nsiphtah1 ,,son ,,( ,,mantimeh4 ,illu/ration3 ,,head 7,,sa,,te ,,p]iod74 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,c[ ,,( ,,deir-,,el-,,bah> ,,9 ,,h] ,,*apel4 ,v ,x is a long "t s9ce ,i und]took to di/+ui%1 "u ! app>5t uni=mity ) :i* ,egypt is reproa*$1 ! v>ieties ( composition & conception t may s]ve = ! recognition ( s*ools1 &1 9 ! "w ( ! s*ools1 = t ( p>ticul> /udios4 ,i h n f\nd x difficult to %[ h[ ! ,memphian mann] diff]s f ! ,!ban1 nor :at di/+ui%es bo? f t :i* fl\ri%$ at ,h]mopolis1 ,tanis1 ,sas2 b = ! lack ( suffici5tly num]\s docum5ts1 ,i _h n succe$$ 9 m>k+ out ! developm5t ( "o same s*ool ?r\gh a long s]ies ( c5turies4 ,! f9d at ,k>nak gave me ! mat]ials ,i lack$1 & s9ce ,m4 ,legra9 has be5 exploit+ x1 ,i h n ceas$ to se>* 9 x = in=mation on t po9t4 ,i h obta9$ mu* !re1 sometimes1 x is true1 ( v>y+ value1 & ,i h /ill mu* to le>n bo? ab\t ! mo/ anci5t p]iods & ab\t c]ta9 mom5ts ( transition 9 m rec5t p]iods4 ,i believe1 h[ev]1 ! results already obta9$ are suffici5tly important & significant to compel u to remodel ! hi/ory ( ,egyptian art4 ,i h n v5tur$ to d t "h1 b1 %ort z ! pres5t essay is1 x may cle>ly be se5 to :at results x has l$ me4 ,i h confirm$ ! fact t ! *>act]i/ics ( ,!ban art 7 ^? ,i ?\ght ,i recogniz$ at ! beg9n+ ( my /udies3 ,i !n rapidly not$ ! /ages t ! art pass$ ?r\gh f ! mom5t t ,!bes awoke to political life almo/ to t :5 x ceas$ to exi/ z a great city4 ,,xi ,,! ,,c[ ,,( ,,deir-,,el-,,bah>#eb ,at two o'clock 9 ! aft]noon ( ,febru>y #ab1 #aijf1 :ile ,naville 0 f9i%+ 8 lun*1 a workman came runn+ up to tell him t ! top ( a vault 0 beg9n+ to em]ge f ! e>?4 ,= sev]al days c]ta9 indications _h l$ him to ?9k t a discov]y 0 at h&3 he w5t to ! spot & at once saw 9 ! m\nd ( s& t dom9at$ ! back porticoes ( ! temple ( ,mont\hotp\ a spectacle t fill$ him ) joy4 ,! vault 0 almo/ half dug out2 "u x1 9 ! %ade1 an admirable c[ ext5d$ h] neck1 & seem$ to look ab\t h] curi\sly4 ,a few h\rs' "w suffic$ to set h] completely free4 ,%e 0 intact1 b a little figure lean+ aga9/ h] brea/ _h _h its face cru%$ 9 di/ant ages1 & ! viol5ce ( ! bl[s _h caus$ a crack 9 ! head & %\ld]s t compromis$ its solidity4 ,! *amb] t %elt]$ ! c[ 0 built 9 a holl[ ( ! rock ) slabs ( sculptur$ & pa9t$ s&/one4 ,! semicircul> ceil+ did n pres5t ! usual regul> vault ) conv]g+ key/ones & surfaces2 x 0 compos$ ( a d\ble r[ ( b5t blocks cut 9 qu>t]s ( a circle & buttress$ "o aga9/ ! o!r at _! upp] end4 ,x 0 pa9t$ d>k blue ) yell[ five-po9t$ />s scatt]$ ov] x to repres5t ! sky4 ,! ?ree v]tical p>titions 7 decorat$ ) religi\s sc5es3 on ! "o at ! back ,?\tmsis ,,iii wor%ips ,amonr1 "l ( ,!bes1 & on ! two sides he makes an (f]+ to ,ha?or1 :o is no o!r ?an ! v c[ %ut into ! vault4 ,illu/ration3 ,,am5,,!s ,,ii ,,& ,,! ,,c[ ,,ha?or4 7,f ! "r-h& side ( ! gr\p47 ,illu/ration3 ,,am5,,!s ,,ii ,,& ,,! ,,c[ ,,ha?or4 ,?ree-qu>t]s view4 ,%e 0 /ill half buri$ :5 "s t5 inquisitive p]sons turn$ _! kodaks on h]1 ?us despoil+ ,naville1 & disput+ among !mselves ! pleasure ( be+ ! fir/ to photograph h]4 ,9 ! ev5+ no?+ else 0 talk$ ( 9 ! ,l\xor hotels1 & ! t\ri/s did n fail to make up p>ties to g & admire h] ! next day4 ,! fellahs1 on _! side1 relat$ ! mo/ m>vell\s tales4 ,%e _h brea!d noisily j at ! mom5t t ! light ( day t\*$ h]1 & _h %iv]$ 9 all h] limbs4 ,%e _h direct$ su* a look on ! workman :o _h p]ceiv$ h] t he broke 8 leg ) an awkw>d bl[ ( 8 axe4 ,%e 0 n1 z %e seem$ to be1 ( /one1 b ( f9e gold1 disguis$ by ,ph>aoh's magicians 9 ord] to keep (f treasure-seek]s3 a few =mulas repeat$ at a fix$ h\r ) ! prescrib$ fumigations & rites1 a little dynamite1 & aft] ! explosion ! fragm5ts w\ld be trans=m$ into +ots ( metal4 ,& z if ! sorc]]s 7 n suffici5t1 deal]s 9 antiquities pr[l$ ab\t 9 ! vic9ity4 ,d\btless %e 0 too heavy = !m to ?9k ( c>ry+ h] (f :ole1 b w\ld !y h f\nd x v difficult to deta* ! head & decamp ) x dur+ ! night1 9 spite ( ! vigilance ( our gu>ds or ) _! complicity8 ,unscrupul\s amateurs are nev] f> to seek1 ready to pay heavily = a /ol5 object1 provid$ !y believe x to h an arti/ic or ar*ological value1 & ! c]ta9ty ( ga9+ hundr$s ( p\nds 9 case ( success l>gely comp5sates ! hone/ brok]s ( ,l\xor = ! petty annoyance ( disburs+ a few p5ce by way ( f9e or ( und]go+ a week's imprisonm5t if !y are caught 9 ! act4 ,i %\ld h pref]r$ to leave ! monum5t 9 its anci5t place1 b x w\ld h be5 tempt+ =tune1 & ! only means ( sav+ x 0 to s5d x to ,cairo4 ,i entru/$ ! matt] to ,m4 ,b>aize1 "o ( our eng9e]s1 & he c>ri$ x out extremely well3 9 less ?an ?ree weeks he _h dismantl$ ! blocks1 pack$ up ! c[1 & transport$ ! cases by tra9 across ! ,!ban pla94 ,! *apel is n[ rebuilt 9 a good position at ! end ( "o ( ! rooms ( ! ,cairo ,museum1 b ! goddess is n hidd5 9 d>kness z at ,der-el-,bah>4 ,%e /&s at ! entrance1 h] body 9 ! full light1 ! h9d] p>ts a little "u ! vault3 %e comes =? f h] h\se & %[s h]self freely to visitors1 f ! sn\t to ! end ( ! tail4#ec ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,c[ ,,ha?or4 ,cairo ,museum4 ,,ii ,our wond] is at fir/ ar\s$ by ! mixture %e pres5ts ( conv5tional my/icism ) realism4 ,! front view %[s only ! head surr\nd$ by accessories1 ! significance ( :i* is only appreciat$ by ^? :o are le>n$ 9 religi\s matt]s4 ,at ! top ( ! composition1 betwe5 ! tall horns 9 =m ( a lyre1 ! usual head-dress ( goddess-mo!rs1 is ! sol> disk flank$ by up/&+ fea!rs & /amp$ ) an inflat$ uru4 ,?is scaffold+ ( emblems )\t ?ickness & almo/ )\t consi/5ce w\ld run ! risk ( be+ brok5 by ! slighte/ bl[ if x 0 n support$1 & s x re/s on two tufts ( aquatic plants1 ! /alks ( :i*1 ris+ f a socket ne> ! ho(s1 spr+ up "r & left ( ! legs2 fl[]s alt]nat+ ) buds b5d ov] ! back ( ! neck & =m a fan-%ap$ support beh9d ! disk & fea!rs4 ,"u ! sn\t1 & z if fram$ by ! vegetation1 is ! /atuette ( a man /&+1 8 back to ! c['s *e/4 ,z ,i said1 ! face is mutilat$1 ! fle% black2 he /ret*es out 8 h&s1 palms d[nw>d1 9 front ( him ) a ge/ure ( submission1 z if av[+ himself ! humble s]vant ( ,ha?or3 by ! uru ( ! cr[n & ! /iff petticoat spread 9 a triangle 9 front ( ! ?ighs1 we guess him to be a ,ph>aoh4 ,he is f\nd aga9 9 a less punctili\s attitude "u ! "r flank ( ! /atue4 ,he is kneel+1 nak$1 & 8 fle% is r$2 he presses ! teat betwe5 8 h&s1 & dr9ks gre$ily ( ! sacr$ milk4 ,if we may believe ! c>t\*e engrav$ betwe5 ! lotuses1 ! two figures1 ! black & ! r$1 are "o & ! same sov]eign1 ,am5!s ,,ii ( ! ,x,v,i,i,ith ,dyna/y1 & p]haps t is ! case4 ,b x 0 ,?\tmsis ,,iii :o built ! *apel1 & x is he t ! arti/s h repres5t$ twice ov]1 pray+ 9 front ( ! c[ & suck+ ! udd]4 ,x w\ld be /range if1 aft] erect+ ! sanctu>y1 he %\ld h omitt$ to provide x ) 8 goddess4 ,x is m probable t ! c[ 0 commission$ by him1 & %ut up !re by 8 ord]1 b )\t d$ication or c>t\*e3 he consid]$ d\btless t ! neighb\r+ bas-reliefs w\ld con/itute suffici5t title-de$s4 ,lat]1 ,am5!s ,,ii1 wi%+ to associate himself ) 8 fa!r's act ( piety1 & notic+ an empty space beh9d ! coiffure1 inscrib$ 8 "n !re4 ,su* a complexity ( figures & attributes does n t5d to make ! appreciation ( ! "w easy = u1 & we h also to add ! prescriptions ( ! ritual to ! conv5tions ( ! craft f :i* ,egyptian arti/s 7 nev] free1 at lea/ :5 /one 0 _! mat]ial3 ! belly1 tail1 legs1 all ! l[] p>ts ( ! gr\p1 are enclos$ 9 a /one p>tition :i* spoils ! effect ev5 :ile x pres]ves !m f ! *ances ( breakage4 ,& yet1 despite defects t %ock a sculptor ( our "t1 "o glance suffices to reveal ! extraord9>y beauty ( ! "w4 ,! head diff]s f t ( our ,european c[s1 b x is a "q ( race1 & :oev] has se5 ! ,s\danese c[ ( ! pres5t day w easily di/+ui% its features 9 ! ,ha?or ( ,der-el-,bah>3 ! fullness ( ! br[1 ! subtle modell+ ( ! temples & *eeks1 ! g5tle wid5+ out ( ! sn\t1 ! suppl5ess ( ! no/rils1 & ! smallness ( ! m\?4 ,su* accuracy ( detail w delight ! naturali/1 b x might be fe>$ t x w\ld h>m ! arti/ic value ( ! :ole4 ,t is n ! case at all1 & if at a di/ance ! physiognomy seems to h only an expression ( g5tl5ess & m$itative somnol5ce1 z soon z we g ne> x assumes an air ( intellig5t att5tion4 ,! eye seems to gr[ l>g] & to foll[ ! visitor :o arrives1 ! sn\t to contract & palpitate1 z if to sc5t out4 ,! sculptor1 in/ead ( foll[+ ! tradition & poli%+ ! /one z highly z possible1 has respect$ ! f9e furr[s ( ! *isel1 & ! light play+ on !m gives at mom5ts ! illusion ( a %udd] runn+ ov] ! sk94 ,! body is ( equally accurate composition1 ! *e/ n>r[1 %\ld]s ?91 sp9e long & saddle-back$1 leg long & sl5d]1 ! ?igh s9ewy1 ! haun*es prom95t1 ! udd] only slightly develop$4 ,! h9d] "p is work$ ) an incr$ible fidelity4 ,contr>y to cu/om1 ! coat is r$-br[n1 d>k] on ! back1 light]1 ( a tawny %ade t becomes :ite1 on ! belly2 x is speckl$ ) black spots1 l fl[]s ) f\r petals1 :i* we %\ld consid] artificial1 if !re 7 n animals ( ,s\danese orig9 9 ! ,egyptian h]ds ( to-day t %[ simil> m>k+s4 ,by ^? spots !y recognize among ! heif]s ( ! ye> ! "o 9 :i* ,ha?or has deign$ to become inc>nat$1 & :i* mu/ be wor%ipp$ z long z %e rema9s on e>?4 ,,iii ,%e 01 above all1 ! div9ity ( ! dead4 ,! build+s scatt]$ ab\t t corn] ( ! necropolis 7 n exclusively consecrat$ to ! gods ( ! liv+2 !y 7 ! *apels atta*$ to royal tombs1 "s ( :i*1 l t ( ,mont\hotp\1 7 contigu\s to ! tomb1 :ile o!rs1 l t ( ,que5 ,ha*ops\t\1 = example1 7 relegat$ to ! o!r side ( ! m\nta91 9 ! ,bibn-el-,mol\k4 ,! sov]eigns 7 sometimes pray+ & br++ (f]+s to ! gods1 sometimes associat$ ) !m & tak+ "p 9 _! sacrifices4 ,ha?or1 rul] ( ! ,we/ & lady ( ! heav51 _h become by a conc\rse ( ideas1 ! reasons ( :i* c be und]/ood1 ! mi/ress ( s\ls & d\bles3 %e play$ ?us a "p ( great importance 9 places :]e ! wor%ip ( h] vassals 0 celebrat$4 ,walk ?r\gh ! halls ( ! l>ge t]rac$ temple & y w f9d h] repeat$ly ) ! figure & po/ure assum$ by h] 9 ! oratory discov]$ by ,naville3 %e is ! fo/]-"m ^: milk ,?\tmsis & ,ha*ops\t\ are gre$ily imbib+4 ,! suckl+ ( ! sov]eign 0 n a m]e metaphor ( language1 realiz$ & transcrib$ on /one1 b a mat]ial act borr[$ f ! cu/oms ( ,egyptian law1 & ! f9al =mality ( ! c]emonies ( ! adoption4 ,! woman :o _h no son to p]petuate h] memory1 & desir$ to h "o1 aft] read+ ! prelim9>y passages1 _h to (f] "o ( h] brea/s1 9 all probability ! "r1 to ! y\? or man %e _h *os52 he w\ld press ! teat betwe5 8 lips = a few seconds1 & by ?is pret5ce ( fe$+ w\ld become to h] z a son4 ,among half civiliz$ peoples :]e ?is cu/om prevails1 x is n requir$ t ! woman has be5 or is /ill m>ri$3 only1 ! "y girl :o acquires a *ild by ?is me?od cov]s h] brea/ ) a ?9 /uff be=e go+ ?r\gh ! c]emony4 ,if1 !n1 ,?\tmsis ,,iii1 or by usurpation ,am5!s ,,ii1 0 repres5t$ kneel+ "u ! "r teat ( ! ,ha?or1 he wi%$ !reby to prove t %e 0 8 div9e "m1 & ! complac5t mann] 9 :i* %e yields him h] milk suffici5tly %[s t %e admitt$ ! legitimacy ( 8 claim4 ,illu/ration3 ,,an ,,unkn[n ,,figure ,,& ,,! ,,c[ ,,ha?or4 ,b ^! are only half ! ideas express$ by ! gr\p1 & x rema9s = u to det]m9e ! mean+ ( ! fl[]+ lotuses :i* /& at ! "r & left4 ,z sov]eign ( ! ,we/ & ( ! l&s 9 :i* ! dead soj\rn$1 %e assum$ diff]5t =ms accord+ to ! prov9ces4 ,9 ! ,nor? ! p imag9$ h] "u ! aspect ( "o ( ^? f9e sycamores :i* gr[ 9 ! mid/ ( ! s& on ! bord]s ( ! ,libyan ,des]t1 r5d]$ gre5 & ?ick by ! hidd5 wat]s s5t !m by ! infiltrations ( ! ,nile4 ,! my/]i\s pa? :i* leads to ! %ores ( ! ,we/ br+s ! d\bles to h] feet2 z soon z !y are arriv$1 ! div9e s\l1 lodg$ 9 ! trunk1 ?ru/ out ! half or ! :ole ( h] body1 & (f]$ !m a vase full ( pure wat] & a tray fill$ ) loaves4 ,if !y accept$ h] gifts--& !y c\ld sc>cely refuse !m--!y confess$ at once t !y 7 h] vassals2 !y 7 no long] au?oriz$ to return to ! liv+1 b ! regions ( ! _w beyond ! tomb w\ld op5 to !m4 ,9 ! nomes ( ! ,sad :]e %e 0 imag9$ to be a c[1 %e haunt$ a f]tile m>% situat$ on ! slopes ( ! ,libyan m\nta9s2 :5ev] a d\ble came to its edge %e /ret*$ =? h] head f among ! h]bage to meet him1 & claim$ 8 homage1 & :5 he _h paid x1 %e all[$ him to ent] ! realms ( ! fun]eal gods4 ,! #ahf? ,*apt]#ed ( ! 8,book ( ! ,dead10 a v fav\rite "o ) dev\t p]sons "u ! second ,!ban ,empire1 initiates u into ?is my?1 & ! vignette t prec$es x %[s u ! sc5e z ! ,egyptians conceiv$ x3 ! r$ or yell[ slopes ( ! m\nta91 ! tufts ( aquatic plants1 ! c[ conf]r+ ) ! defunct4 ,! ,ph>aoh :o commission$ our gr\p--or r ! sculptor :o execut$ x--comb9$ ! idea common to all ) ! royal concept ( ! adoption by ! goddess1 & he express$ ! result !refrom z completely z ! processes ( 8 art p]mitt$4 ,he r$uc$ ! m>% to two sl5d] clu/]s ( lotus1 & m>k$ ! two *ief po9ts ( ! adoption by means ( two little royal figures & _! attributes4 ,! fir/1 z we h se51 we>s ! co/ume ( ! ,ph>aohs & has black fle%2 /&+ upright "u ! animal's sn\t1 x faces ! spectator4 ,am5!s ,,ii has j arriv$ 9 front ( ! c[ & address$ to h] ! pray] 9 :i* he conjures h] to aid him 9 8 j\rney 9 se>* ( ! ev]la/+ cities2 8 col\r indicates t he is /ill ! slave ( dea?1 b ! goddess has already enroll$ him among h] adh]5ts1 & pres5ts him to ! univ]se z h] well-belov$ son4 ,t =mality ov]1 he slips ?r\gh ! v]dure1 kneels d[n1 & cru%+ ! teat 9 8 h&1 gre$ily puts 8 lips to x4 ,t is ! f9al rite ( ! adoption1 & also ! pl$ge ( 8 return to normal exi/5ce4 ,sc>cely has he swall[$ ! fir/ m\?fuls ( milk ?an life ent]s 8 ve9s2 ! arti/ has repres5t$ him nak$ z a new-born infant1 & pa9t$ 8 fle% r$1 ! col\r ( ! liv+4 ,,iv ,! two =ms ( ,ha?or welcom+ ! dead are n ea* conf9$ to ! prov9ce 9 :i* x 0 born4 ,!y gradually spread ov] ! :ole c\ntry1 n )\t exp]i5c+ div]se =tunes4 ,ha?or 9 ! tree 0 res]v$ = papyri1 /el1 & bas-reliefs4 ,! fir/ idea 0 sc>cely suitable = /atu>y1 & ! clev]e/ sculptor w\ld h be5 emb>rass$ to d]ive a l>ge tree f ! /one1 a goddess lo/ 9 ! bran*es1 a p]son 9 pray] be=e ! tree & be=e ! goddess4 ,b x l5t itself to pa9t+1 & "s ( ! vignettes 9 :i* x is express$ 9 ! excell5t copies ( ! 8,book ( ! ,dead0 or on ! walls ( ! ,!ban hypogeums1 %[ u ! admirable way 9 :i* ! design]s ( ! new empire us$ x4 ,no?+ c\ld be m v>i$ or skilful ?an ! relations !y e/abli% betwe5 ! woman & ! sycamore on ! "o h& & ! dead p]son on ! o!r4 ,he is sometimes accompani$ by 8 s\l1 a big hawk ) human head & arms1 :i* mimics 8 slighte/ ge/ures3 :ile ! d\ble receives ! elixir ( y\? 9 8 clasp$ h&s1 ! s\l turns a runnel aside = 8 own b5efit1 & gre$ily dr9ks f x4 ,col\r adds its *>m to ! composition1 & ! replicas ( ! subject to be se5 at ,*ekh ,abd-el-,g\rnah 9 ! hypogeums ( ! ,x,v,i,i,ith & ,x,i,xth ,dyna/ies w\ld obta9 a place ( hon\r 9 our museums1 if x 0 p]mitt$ to deta* !m & m\nt !m 9 sep>ate panels4 ,illu/ration3 ,,petesomt\s ,,& ,,! ,,c[ ,,ha?or4 ,ha?or 9 ! m>%es 0 entirely suit$ to ! ord9>y conditions ( sculpture1 & if 9 "s places s]i\s difficulties 7 pres5t$1 ,i h indicat$ h[ ! ,!ban ma/]s ov]came !m4 ,%e provid$ a fairly frequ5t !me = ! /udios1 & ! ,cairo ,museum possesses ?ree examples4 ,!y are small] ?an ! ,der-el-,bah> gr\p1 & d n unite ! two concepts ( ! adoration & ! adoption4 ,consequ5tly ! lotus is want+ & ! d$icatory figure at ! c['s udd]4 ,!y are ! affair ( simple private p]sons :o _h no "r to proclaim !mselves *ildr5 ( ! goddess4 ,if !y _h attempt$ to t\* ! brea/ ( ,ha?or !y w\ld h usurp$ "o ( ! privileges ( royalty2 !y appe> !n only once 9 ea* gr\p1 /&+ or cr\*+ 9 front ( ! *e/4 ,9 "o1 :i* is 9 grey s*i/ & measures ne>ly f\r & a half feet long1 ! donor has lo/ 8 head & neck1 & he lifts up a table ( (f]+s ) bo? h&s 9 front ( him2 ! c[ also is decapitat$4#ee ,no trace ( inscription is to be se5 on ! p$e/al1 b ! composition is t ( ! fir/ ,sate p]iod4 ,! piece1 al?\gh n ! mo/ m$iocre t c\ld be f\nd1 lacks orig9ality2 x is ! "w ( a skilful j\rneyman :o _h no p]sonal inspiration1 & only knew h[ to apply ! =mulas ( ! s*ool consci5ti\sly4 ,! second gr\p is 9 yell[i% lime/one4 ,x measures n q ?ree feet 9 l5g? & has suff]$ m ?an ! prec$+ "o4#ef ,n only has ! animal's head be5 de/roy$1 b its tail & "o ( its h9d legs h vani%$4 ,! man is mutilat$ to ! po9t t only "o ( 8 feet rema9s to prove to u t he 0 kneel+4 ,he bore a table ( (f]+s4 ,an inscription engrav$ on ! edge ( ! p$e/al in=ms u t he 0 call$ ,petesomt\s1 & ! "n1 toge!r ) ! /yle1 takes u back to ! ,sate p]iod1 p]haps to ! p]iod ( ! ,p]sian dom9ation4 ,! composition is1 besides1 suffici5tly r\gh1 & x w\ld n des]ve any att5tion if ! int]e/ ( ! subject did n comp5sate = its insignificance z a "w ( art4 ,illu/ration3 ,,psammeti*us ,,& ,,! ,,c[ ,,ha?or4 ,?ree-qu>t]s view4 ,! ?ird 0 celebrat$ f ! mom5t ( its discov]y4 ,x is 9 gre5 s*i/1 slightly ov] ?ree feet 9 l5g?1 & "u x 9 height4 ,x 0 f\nd by ,m>iette at ,saqq>ah1 fifty ye>s ago1 9 ! tomb ( a c]ta9 ,psammeti*us1 a contempor>y ( ! fir/ ,nectanebo4#eg ,x 0 accompani$ by two f9e /atues ( ,osiris & ,isis1#eh :i* are ! glory ( ! ,cairo ,museum1 & we owe !m = a c]ta9ty to ! same arti/4 ,! po/ure ( ! c[ is ! same z t ( ,der-el-,bah>2 l h]1 ! head-dress is =m$ ( ! sol> disk ) ! uru surm\nt$ by two long fea!rs1 b a monat fa/5$ r\nd ! neck by its *a9 lies flat on ! sp9e4 ,psammeti*us /&s "u ! head1 8 back to ! *e/1 8 h&s hang+ d[n ov] ! apron1 ) ! same ge/ure ( submission z t ( ,am5!s ,,ii4 ,besides 8 "n & protocol1 ! inscriptions conta9 a pray] = 8 happ9ess1 address$ to ! b5evol5t ,ha?or4 ,! h>dness ( ! mat]ial has prev5t$ ! sculptor f completely free+ ! fragile p>ts3 ! c['s legs & belly are sunk 9 ! /one1 z are ! back & feet ( ! man2 ! head-dress is support$ by a semi-cone set 9 ! back ( ! neck1 & ! e>s are re9=c$ by a pad :i* d\bles _! ?ickness4 ,! sculptor1 emb>rass$ by ! necessity ( pres]v+ masses ( sup]flu\s mat]ial1 _h ! +5i\s idea ( treat+ ! l[] limbs z a bas-relief4 ,he has design$ !m on ea* side ( ! panel t supports ! belly1 s t ,ha?or has two *e/ pr(iles & a d\ble supply ( legs4 ,he has s clev]ly arrang$ ?is sup]abundance ( legs t x is n noticeable at a fir/ glance1 & "s ef=t ( ?\ght is requir$ to make sure t x exi/s4 ,b despite ^! ecc5tricities ! "w is ( r>e p]fection4 ,nev] has su* h>d /one be5 manipulat$ ) great] suppl5ess2 ! outl9es h a h>%ness t all ! virtuosity ( ! execution has n be5 able to prev5t1 b ! modell+ ( ! bodies & ! faces1 bo? ( ! animal & ( ! man1 is ( unp>allel$ delicacy1 & ! :ole brea!s s]5ity m+l$ ) melan*oly4 ,x is1 z a piece ( animal sculpture1 ! be/ t has come d[n to u 9 ,sate art4 ,v ,nev]!less1 x loses :5 comp>$ ) ! s*i/ gr\p ( ! "t ( ,am5!s ,,ii4 ,! my?ological elem5t is less pr$om9ant1 & ! head ga9s by n be+ fram$ by two tufts ( aquatic plants3 b if ! religi\s conv5tion is less encumb]+1 ! arti/ic conv5tion & ! conv5tions ( ! /udio come out 9 a mu* m app>5t fa%ion4 ,! ,saqq>ah gr\p belongs to ! ,memphian s*ool1 &1 z ) ne>ly all ! products ( t s*ool1 ! =m has some?+ artificial & imp]sonal4 ,ha?or is a symbolic c[1 ! half-ab/ract type ( ,egyptian c[s1 a type t 9 ! eyes ( ! ,memphians realiz$ ! ideal ( ! e>?ly or sacr$ c[3 %e has ! elegance1 b also ! s(tness & ! r insipid meekness1 :i* di/+ui%es ! human figures4 ,! ,ha?or ( ,naville1 on ! contr>y1 belongs to ! ,!ban s*ool1 & possesses ! *>act]i/ics t ,i h describ$ above4#ei ,! royal /udio :5ce x came 0 gov]n$ by ! !ological laws1 & 0 =bidd5 to modify 9 any way ! types t1 9 ! c\rse ( ages1 _h be5 det]m9$ on = reveal+ ! concepts ( popul> tradition or le>n$ dogma1 b x tri$ to keep _! expression z ne> to life z ! rites au?oriz$4 ,! arti/ :o produc$ ! ,memphian ,ha?or *ose a patt]n f 8 c>toons1 & translat$ x into /one )\t tr\bl+ to correct ! banal purity by imitat+ a bea/ ( ! sacr$ h]d4 ,! sculptor to :om we owe ! ,!ban ,ha?or1 on ! contr>y1 :ile pres]v+ ! ritual arrangem5t ( ! p>ts & ! accumulation ( ! symbols1 has plac$ !m on a real c[1 on ! c[1 p]haps1 t = ! mom5t inc>nat$ ! goddess 9 ! neighb\r+ temple ( ,que5 ,ha*ops\t\4 ,imag9e h] )\t ! emblematic surr\nd+s he 0 compell$ to give h]--! heavy head-dress1 ! lotus tufts1 ! two /atuettes ( ! ,ph>aoh--& y w h ! good mo!rly creature :o goes peaceably to pa/ure1 &1 z %e goes1 obs]ves ev]y?+ ) h] eye1 inquisitive & dreamy at ! same "t4 ,nei!r ,greece nor ,rome has left u any?+ t c be comp>$ ) x2 we mu/ g to ! great sculptors ( animals ( our own day to f9d an equally reali/ic piece ( "w4 ,illu/ration3 ,,psammeti*us ,,& ,,! ,,c[ ,,ha?or4 ,f ! "r-h& side ( ! gr\p4 ,,xii ,,! ,,/atuette ,,( ,,am5,,phis ,,iv 7,! ,l\vre7 ,! /atuette orig9ally =m$ "p ( a gr\p4 ,! l[] "p has be5 fairly skilfully re/or$ 9 mod]n times3 ! upp] comes f ! ,salt collection1#fj &1 l mo/ ( ! objects ( t collection1 0 f\nd at ,!bes4 ,x repres5ts ,am5phis ,,iv ( ! ,x,v,i,i,ith ,dyna/y1 ! fir/ 9 date ( ! ,ph>aohs we are accu/om$ to "n ! h]etic k+s4 ,9 mak+ only a cursory exam9ation we are /ruck by ! ways 9 :i* x diff]s f ! royal /atuettes t h come d[n to u4 ,! ,ph>aohs are usually seat$ ) ! head erect1 ! bu/ firm1 9 a po/ure ( /iff dignity :i* did n lack gr&eur4 ,"h ! royal /iffness has almo/ :olly disappe>$4 ,! head leans slightly =w>d1 ! bu/ s9ks d[n1 x seems z if ! body1 p[]less to hold itself up1 is go+ to slip (f ! seat2 ! ab&on ( ! po/ure is 9 entire h>mony ) ! "* ( ! p]son4 ,! back is slightly r\nd$1 ! hips are l>g] ?an are suitable = a man1 ! belly & *e/ inflat$2 ! brea/s are r\nd l ^? ( a woman1 ! puff$-out torso is wr9kl$ 9 folds ( fat1 ! face is weak & good-natur$4 ,9 all t1 ! arti/ has set aside ! /hetic rules usual 9 ,egypt4 ,if x 7 n = ! awkw>d angle =m$ by ! arm t holds ! sceptre & ! :ip1 & ! bad execution ( ! h& t re/s on ! left ?igh1 8 "w might be quot$ z an excell5t specim5 ( :at a consci5ti\s sculptor c\ld d at ! be/ mom5ts ( ,!ban art betwe5 ,?\tmsis ,,iii & ,set\ ,i4 ,illu/ration3 ,,am5,,phis ,,iv4 ,! ,l\vre4 ,i d n believe t 9 ! long s]ies ( ,ph>aohs !re is a pr9ce :o has be5 s badly treat$ by contempor>y s*ol>s z he has be51 & ab\t :om !y h all[$ great] re9 to _! imag9ation4 ,at fir/1 ! r\ndness ( 8 body & ! exagg]ation ( 8 brea/ caus$ him to be tak5 = a woman3 = a long "t ,*ampollion *>act]iz$ him z a que51 & 0 only conv9c$ ( 8 error ) difficulty4 ,lat]1 ,m>iette ?\ght he recogniz$ 9 him ! ext]ior signs ( a eunu*4 ,contempor>y monum5ts assign him a wife & *ildr51 & we c f9d a way ( reconcil+ ?is emb>rass+ po/]ity ) ! new !ory4 ,x suffices to suppose t1 aft] hav+ be5 m>ri$ & become ! fa!r ( f\r daught]s1 he w5t to w> ) "o ( ^? ,african tribes t h pres]v$ to ?is day ! cu/om ( ca/rat+ _! prison]s3 hav+ fall5 into _! h&s1 he w\ld h left !m z we see him4 ,"s ,egyptologi/s h accus$ him ( be+ an idiot1 ! m mod]ate only reg>d him z a fanatic4 ,born ( a =eign "m1 ! :ite ,taa1 br\ght up by h] to wor%ip ,canaaniti% deities1 he _h sc>cely asc5d$ ! ?rone be=e he wi%$ (ficially to replace ! wor%ip ( ,amon by t ( ! sol> disk1 ^: ,egyptian "n1 ,aton1 p]haps rem9d$ him ( ! ,syrian "n ,adoni or ,adona4 ,?is /ory is well imag9$1 b to me x seems m ?an d\btful4 ,two pro(s h be5 advanc$ conc]n+ ! =eign orig9 ( ,taa3 ! p9k col\r ( h] *eeks & ! curi\s =m ( ! names us$ 9 h] family4 ,! fle% ( ,egyptian wom5 0 always pa9t$ pale yell[3 if ,taa is p9k1 x is because %e 0 fair] ?an !y1 & consequ5tly ( exotic bir?4 ,! argum5t 0 speci\s1 b x is n p]missible to repeat x to-day4 ,= x has be5 discov]$ t 9 ! "t ( ,am5phis ,,ii & ,am5phis ,,iii ! arti/s = "s ye>s employ$ p9k tones = ! fle% ( _! p]sonages1 bo? m5 & wom51 & ! confirmation ( t fact takes away any value f ! reason+ d$uc$ f ,taa's col\r4 ,taa has p9k fle% 9 ! monum5ts because ! fa%ion ( ! day requir$ t %e %\ld s h x1 & n because %e possess$ ! fair complexion ( ! nor!rn]4 ,z to ! names ( ! memb]s ( h] family1 ,i\aa1 ,t\aa1 !y d n seem to me to be ,asiatic4 ,d\btless !y are n con/ruct$ 9 ! ,!ban mann]1 b !y are f\nd1 & _m l !m1 9 ! tombs ( ! ,anci5t ,empire4 ,f> f prov+ a ,canaaniti% or ,libyan extraction1 !y take u back to ! olde/ p]iods ( ! hi/ory ( ,egypt & d5ote a ,memphian or ,heliopolitan orig94 ,if1 z ev]y?+ indicates1 ,taa is n a =eign]1 we no long] h any cause to seek beyond ,egypt = ! motives t made ,am5phis ,,iv decide to proscribe ! wor%ip ( ,amon4 ,9 fact1 ! religion ( ,aton t he pr(ess$ is indig5\s 9 its =mulas & c]emonies4 ,aton is ! sol> disk1 ! %9+ globe light$ e morn+ 9 ! ea/ 9 ord] to be ext+ui%$ e ev5+ 9 ! we/2 = "s !ologians x 0 ! visible body 9 :i* ,r1 ! sol> god p> excell5ce1 0 ! s\l2 = o!rs ! actual god1 & n ! %9+ manife/ation ( ! god4 ,! ,!ban prie/hood _h adopt$ ! fir/ !ory1 :i* bett] h>moniz$ ) its mono!i/ic t5d5cies1 & x _h develop$ x to ! utmo/3 x _h fus$ toge!r all ! =ms ( ! div9ity1 & only recogniz$ 9 x ! aspects1 ! div]se conditions ( "o & ! same be+ :o 0 ! s\l ( ! ,sun1 ,amonr4 ,! s*ools ( ,memphis & ,heliopolis1 old] ?an ^? ( ,!bes1 _h rema9$ m closely atta*$ to ! anci5t poly!ism1 & int]pret$ its doctr9es 9 a m mat]ial s5se4 ,a fact t1 s f>1 no "o has ev] br\ght =w>d1 proves inconte/ably t ! wor%ip r5d]$ by ,am5phis ,,iv to ,aton 0 connect$ ) t ( ! sun z practis$ at ,heliopolis3 ! high prie/ ( ,aton1 ! supreme head ( ! royal religion1 bore ! same (ficial "n & ! same titles z t ( ,r at ,heliopolis4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! monum5ts tell u t ! wor%ip ( ,aton 0 a =m ( ! mo/ anci5t wor%ip ( ,r1 !y d n s f> assi/ u to det]m9e ! po9ts ( detail 9 :i* x diff]$4 ,! sol> disk ( ,am5phis ,,iv1 ! supreme god ,aton1 is recogniz$ by ! rays t]m9at+ 9 h&s t he d>ts on ! e>?3 ! h&s br&i% ! ans]at$ cross1 & br+ life to ev]y?+ t exi/s4 ,i am n sure t ,am5phis ,,iv inv5t$ ?is imag]y3 ,i l to ?9k t 9 t1 z 9 ev]y?+1 he 0 b\nd to foll[ tradition4 ,! pray]s t accompany ! figure ( ! god1 ! c]emonies celebrat$ 9 8 "n1 are all ,egyptian2 !y pres5t t "* ( s]i\sness & sometimes ( lic5ce to be obs]v$ at ,d5d]ah1 & 9 all ! places :]e ! sombre my? ( dead ,osiris does n rule4 ,! bas-reliefs t h pres]v$ its physiognomy = u might s]ve z an illu/ration = ! picture drawn by ,h]odotus ( ! great fe/ival ( ,buba/is4 ,hav+ said t1 x may be ask$ :at motives impell$ ,am5phis ,,iv to d5y ! gods ( 8 =e-fa!rs & to embrace a ,heliopolitan religion4 ,x %\ld be not$ at once t 8 fa!r1 ,am5phis ,,iii1 _h already set ! example ( a special affection = sol> wor%ips o!r ?an t ( ,amon3 we may !n believe t ,am5phis ,,iv z a *ild 0 br\ght up 9 p>ticul> devotion = ,r1 & t lat]1 a natural result ( 8 e>ly education1 he 0 desir\s ( impos+ 8 fav\rite deity on 8 subjects4 ,b ,i d n ?9k t religi\s fai? 0 ! sole1 or ev5 ! pr9cipal reason ( 8 cruel p]secution ( ! prie/s & p>tisans ( ,amon2 politics probably 7 *iefly responsible4 ,amon 01 above all1 ! patron ( ,!bes3 he _h made ! greatness ( ! ,!ban ,dyna/ies1 & !y1 9 _! turn1 _h exalt$ him above all 8 compe]s4 ,! conque/s 9 ,syria & ,e?iopia _h n be5 )\t b5efit = ,egypt 9 g5]al1 b !y _h be5 specially advantage\s to ,amon2 ! great] "p ( ! booty _h pass$ into 8 c(f]s1 8 prie/s fill$ ! public (fices1 & 8 *ief prophet 0 ! highe/ p]sonage ( ! empire aft] ! reign+ sov]eign4 ,_h !re be5 "u ,?\tmsis ,,iv an attempt simil> to t :i* deliv]$ ! la/ ,ramessides to ! pontiffs ( ,amon & :i* rais$ ,hrihor to ! ?rone8 ,i d n "k2 b ,i believe ! desire to c\nt]balance _! p[] weigh$ heavily 9 ! fav\r %[n by ,am5phis ,,iii to o!r div9ities1 & t a def9ite wi% to ov]turn n only ,amon1 b especially 8 cl]gy1 induc$ ,am5phis ,,iv to ?ru/ ,aton into ! fir/ rank4 ,he did n recoil f any means t w\ld lead to success4 ,z ! de/9y ( ,amon 0 indissolubly b\nd up ) t ( ,!bes1 s long z ,!bes 0 ! capital1 ,amon & 8 prie/s w\ld keep ! supremacy4 ,am5phis ,,iv1 aft] *ang+ 8 "n1 :i* 0 a pr(ession ( fai? 9 ! excell5ce ( ,amon1 = t ( ,kh\naton1 8spl5d\r ( ,aton10 f\nd$ a new capital :i* he call$ ! city ( ,aton2 he in/all$ !re a new prie/hood :i* he ri*ly end[$1 & !n eras$ ! "n ( ,amon f all ! monum5ts ?r\gh\t ,egypt & ev5 at ,!bes4 ,b ! wor%ip ( ,amon _h its roots too deeply implant$ 9 ! l&1 & 8 prie/s 7 too p[]ful1 = ! k+ to prevail aga9/ !m4 ,:5 he 0 dead1 8 successors gave up ! /ruggle3 ,aton return$ into obscurity1 8 city 0 des]t$1 & ! "n ( ! k+1 proscrib$ by sac]dotal hatr$1 vani%$ ) ! build+s on :i* x _h be5 engrav$4 ,8 attempt 0 n )\t influ5ce on art4 ,! necropolis ( ,el-,am>na has told u ! names ( two ( ! sculptors :o help$ to adorn ! city dur+ its brief exi/5ce4 ,_! works are di/+ui%$ f e>li] ones by a great] fre$om ( composition1 & p>ticul>ly by great] realism 9 ! reproduction ( ! p]sons4 ,! ,am5phis ,,iv ( ! ,l\vre does hon\r to _! tal5t2 x is ! m valuable s9ce _! works1 treat$ ) great f]ocity by ! ,!ban reaction1 h become v r>e4 ,we h a c]ta9 numb] ( bas-reliefs m or less mutilat$1 b v few /atues2 t ( ! ,l\vre is1 s f>1 a unique "w ( its k9d4 ,,xiii ,,f\r ,,canopic ,,heads ,,f\nd ,,9 ,,! ,,valley ,,( ,,! ,,k+s ,,at ,,!bes#fa ,among ! pr9cipal objects discov]$ by ,!odore ,davis 9 #aijg 9 ! ,valley ( ! ,k+s1 9 ! secret *amb] :]e ! h]etic ,ph>aoh ,kh\niaton\ 0 buri$ ) an equipm5t p>tly consi/+ ( objects t _h belong$ to 8 "m1 ,tyi1 !re are f\r alaba/] ,canopic j>s ( a r>e p]fection ev5 = t p]iod ( p]fect execution4 ,! body ( ! j> is a little long] ?an is usual1 sl5d] at ! base1 bulg+ out at ! top1 ) a poli% at once unobtrusive & pleas+ to ! eye4 ,an inscription _h be5 engrav$ on x1 & s f> z may be judg$ by ! place x occupi$1 0 ! ord9>y d$ication to ! deities protect+ ! entrails2 b x has be5 effac$1 !n ! place smoo!d ov]1 & t9t$ ) ! col\r ( ! surr\nd+ "p4 ,! t\*+ up is accompli%$ ) s mu* skill t we c only "h & !re1 b5ea? ! transp>5ce ( ! glaz+1 guess at a few m>ks ( ! old writ+4 ,! f\r lids are 9 ! =m ( a human head1 a v ref9$ head fram$ 9 ! %ort wig ) close r[s ( little flat locks ( hair3 a gold5 uru1 n[ vani%$1 /ood on ! =ehead4 ,z ! face is be>dless1 & ! :ole ( ! equipm5t except ! c(f9 be>s ! "n ( ,tyi1 ! ,canopic j>s h be5 attribut$ to ! que54 ,i d n %>e t op9ion2 ,i ma9ta9 t !y belong$ to ! ,ph>aoh1 & t we %\ld see 8 au!ntic portrait 9 !m4 ,illu/ration3 ,,k+ ,,kh\niaton\4 ,alaba/] ,canopic head f\nd at ,!bes4 ,illu/ration3 ,,k+ ,,kh\niaton\4 ,alaba/] ,canopic head f\nd at ,!bes4 ,no "o :o has se5 ! f\r heads side by side w d\bt t !y repres5t "o & ! same p]son4 ,! insignificant diff]5ces to be notic$ betwe5 !m are caus$ by unimportant te*nical details1 or by breakages 9 ! /one1 or by ! action ( damp1 or ! diff]5t way 9 :i* "t has treat$ ! mat]ials ( :i* ! eyes 7 =m$4 ,! eyebr[s consi/ ( a fillet ( blue enamel encru/$ on ! edge ( ! ar*1 & ! eye1 prop]ly s-call$1 is also designat$ by a blue fillet1 :i* includes a cornea 9 :ite lime/one1 reliev$ ) r$ at ! corn]s1 & an iris ( black /one4 ,9 "s1 ! eyebr[ is gone4 ,9 o!rs ! iris has fall51 leav+ bl9d "o or bo? ! eyes1 or1 ! :ole hav+ be5 displac$1 ! eye has be5 br\ght =w>d z if ! p]son 0 suff]+ f ! beg9n+ ( an exoph?almic gtre4 ,v diff]5t expressions ( c\nt5ance are ! result1 b "u !m all ! same face is quickly recogniz$3 a longi% oval1 r ?9 at ! bottom1 a some:at n>r[ =ehead1 a /raight nose1 ?9 :]e x jo9s ! face & turn$ up at ! end almo/ l ,roxelana's1 delicate wide-op5$ no/rils1 ! sides ?9 & n]v\s1 a %ort upp] lip1 a small b full m\?1 a bony *91 po9t$ & heavy1 jo9$ to ! neck by a r h>% l9e4 ,none ( ! heads h be5 entirely respect$ by "t1 & "o ( !m has lo/ its nose1 b by good luck1 r>e 9 ar*ology1 ! be/ 9 composition is also t :i* has suff]$ lea/3 if ! enamel ( ! eyelids is want+1 ! eyes are intact & ! epid]mis )\t scrat*es4 ,i d n ?9k t !re exi/s 9 ! ,egyptian sculpture ( t p]iod a m en]getic or liv+ physiognomy3 ! m\? is clos$ z if to reta9 ! words t desire to escape1 ! no/rils are inflat$ & palpitate1 ! eyes look ke5ly & frankly into ^? ( ! visitor4 ,) age1 ! alaba/] has tak5 on ! dull complexion ( ! great ,egyptian ladies1 always protect$ by ! veil1 :i* ! sun c nev] burn4 ,s t x is n surpris+ t _m %\ld h felt 9 look+ at !m t !y 7 heads ( a woman1 &1 kn[+ ! circum/ances ( ! discov]y1 imag9$ t !y saw ! mo/ celebrat$ woman !re _h !n be5 9 ! ,egyptian ,empire1 ! que5-d[ag] ,tyi4 ,illu/ration3 ,,k+ ,,kh\niaton\4 ,alaba/] ,canopic head f\nd at ,!bes4 ,/rictly speak+1 t is q possible1 = on ! "o h& ! head-dress & necklace into :i* ! neck fits are common to bo? sexes1 & on ! o!r1 ! features1 m acc5tuat$ ?an is usual ) a woman1 are n s to ! po9t ( only fitt+ a man2 directly1 h[ev]1 !y are comp>$ ) ^? ( ! portraits ( ,tyi1 we are b\nd to confess t ! resemblance is slight4 ,two types ( ^! h come d[n to u4 ,9 ! fir/1 :i* is by f> ! mo/ frequ5t1 h] face 0 remodell$ & symboliz$ 9 ! /udios ( ,!bes 9 accordance ) ! cu/om>y =mula = que5s4 ,! colossal gr\p ( ,m$9et ,hab\1 rec5tly transport$ to ! ,cairo ,museum1 (f]s1 p]haps1 ! be/ example4 ,!re1 foll[+ ! regulations1 ,tyi is furni%$ ) a r\nd1 regul> face1 almond-%ap$ eyes1 good *eeks1 /raight nose1 smil+ m\?1 & normal *93 !re is some?+ ab\t h] :i* prev5ts u f confus+ h] ) ! o!r pr9cesses ( h] era1 b %e has pres]v$ none ( ! peculi>ities t compose h] actual physiognomy4 ,t is no long] ! case ) ! mo/ individual ( ! specim5s ( ! second type1 ! soap/one head t ,petrie discov]$ at ,s9a1 :i* is n[ 9 ! ,cairo ,museum4 ,! "r w+ ( ! wig is want+1 & ! nose has be5 cru%$ by an un=tunate bl[ on ! left no/ril1 )\t1 h[ev]1 los+ any?+ ( its ess5tial =m2 a c>t\*e engrav$ on ! front ( ! head-dress tells u ! "n1 & at ! fir/ glance ! portrait gives ! impression ( a good lik5ess4 ,x is n flatt]+4 ,if we are to believe x1 ,tyi pres5t$ ! racial *>act]i/ics ( ! ,b]b]s or ( ! wom5 ( ! ,egyptian des]t3 small eyes puck]$ at ! temples1 a nose ) a broad tip & contemptu\s no/rils1 a heavy1 sulky m\? ) turn$-d[n corn]s1 ! l[] lip dragg$ back by a rec$+ *9 l t ( a semi-negress3 ! rec$+ *9 alone =bids u to id5tify h] ) ! orig9al ( our ,canopic j>s4 ,!y h c]ta9ly a family lik5ess1 & x c\ld n be o!rwise1 = if ,i am "r x is a "q ( "m & son1 b v>iations are to be not$ 9 ! son :i* remove him f ! type s cle>ly reveal$ 9 ,petrie's /atuette4 ,t type1 on ! contr>y1 is pres]v$ intact 9 ! admirable head 9 pa9t$ wood :i* has pass$ into ! collection ( ,h]r ,simon ( ,b]l94 ,we might ev5 say t x is exagg]at$1 & t ! eyes are m oblique1 ! *eek-bones m prom95t1 ! nose m aggressive1 ! smil+ muscles m %>ply evid5t1 ! m\? & *9 clos] to t ( a negress4 ,i believe x to be "o ( ,tyi's gr&daught]s :o became que5 aft] ! fall ( ! ,h]etic ,dyna/y3 h] head-dress1 :i* 0 orig9ally t ( a private p]son1 0 aft]w>ds modifi$ to receive ! insignia ( royalty4 ,0 %e m>ri$ to ,h>mhbi1 to ,ramses1 or to ,set\ ,i8 ,! deviation betwe5 ! gr\p to :i* %e belongs & t ( ! ,canopic j>s is suffici5tly great to =ce u to give up ! idea t !y repres5t "o p]son4 ,9 addition1 our ,canopic sculptures possess only "o uru on ! =ehead1 z is cu/om>y ) k+s1 :ile ! o!rs h ! d\ble uru :i* !n beg9s to be ! etiquette ) que5s4 ,t rule has exceptions1 & !re=e ,i %all n d$uce too /rict conclusions f x3 b ! abs5ce ( ! second uru is n less a some:at /rong presumption 9 fav\r ( ! op9ion t our ,canopic heads are ^? ( a man & n ( a woman4 ,illu/ration3 ,,k+ ,,kh\niaton\4 ,cairo ,museum4 ,illu/ration3 ,,k+ ,,kh\niaton\4 ,alaba/] ,canopic head f\nd at ,!bes4 ,if1 h[ev]1 !y are portraits ( a man1 ! circum/ances ( _! discov]y compel u to decl>e t he mu/ be ! k+ ,kh\niaton\2 b h[ are we to be conv9c$ ( ?is :5 we rememb] ! grotesque silh\ette t ! sculptors ( ,el-,am>na h giv5 him8 ,to believe !m1 he w\ld h be5 physically a sort ( deg5]ate1 tall1 weakly1 ) hips & *e/ l a woman's1 a neck )\t consi/5cy1 an absurd head1 a flat1 almo/ non-exi/5t =ehead1 an enorm\s nose1 an ugly m\?1 a massive *94#fb ,he seems to h lik$ ^! c>icatures1 & 8 fri5ds1 imitat+ him f a desire to flatt] him1 alt]$ m or less ! %ape ( _! own bodies 9 ord] t !y might resemble t ( 84 ,docum5ts ( diff]5t orig9s prove1 h[ev]1 t he 0 n1 or _h n always be51 ! que] figure t is attribut$ to him4 ,! ,l\vre alone possesses two su* witnesses4 ,! fir/1 :i* came to ! ,museum 9 its e>ly days1 is a *>m+ /atuette 9 yell[ soap/one4 ,! k+ is seat$1 b he has lo/ ! bottom ( ! legs1 :i* a mod]n re/or] has skilfully replac$4 ,he we>s ! c\feh ) hang+ ends1 ! bu/ is b>e2 9 8 "r h& he holds ! hook$ /aff & ! sacr$ :ip emblems ( royalty2 ! left h& is indol5tly /ret*$ ov] ! ?igh4 ,! body is "y1 ! muscl+ supple & ?ick1 & al?\gh he s9ks d[n a little1 he has n ! squat attitude we "k s well4 ,! face & neck are some:at sl5d]1 & conta9 ! *>act]i/ics t1 exagg]at$ lat]1 l5t !mselves almo/ naturally to c>icature4 ,x is1 9 fact1 ! effigy ( ! "y k+ sculptur$ at ,!bes at ! "t :5 he 0 only ,am5phis ,,iv1 b :5 he dem&$ t he %\ld be repres5t$ z he 01 or z he saw himself1 )\t ref]5ce to ! conv5tional type ( ! ,ph>aoh4 ,9 ! second piece1 a /atue ( :i* only ! head & %\ld]s rema91 he is "s ye>s old]4 ,he is arm$ = w>1 & 8 neck1 too sl5d]1 has b5t "u ! weight ( ! helmet1 z if !nce=? incapable ( support+ x4 ,x is ! pr(ile ( ! bas-reliefs ( ,el-,am>na ) ! r\nd$ sp9e & ! p>ticul> curve t projects ! head =w>d2 ! =ehead1 nose & m\? only diff] f ^? ( ! /atuette 9 t !y are ?9n]4 ,a pla/] mask 9 ! ,cairo ,museum :i* ,petrie consid]s to h be5 m\ld$ on ! corpse imm$iately aft] ! sov]eign's dea?1 b :i* is und\bt$ly a /udio model1 te/ifies to a condition ( physiological deg5]acy t did n be=e exi/4 ,x pres5ts ! emaciat$ features ( ! bas-reliefs & _! bony texture1 x is true1 b )\t _! extreme exagg]ations4 ,:5 x 0 "q ( a /atue1 ! sculptor =bade himself ! lib]ties t 8 colleagues1 commission$ to decorate ! tombs1 all[$ !mselves ) ! ma/]3 he repres5t$ him j z he 0 at ! mom5t1 & ! physiognomy 0 suffici5tly orig9al = him to be c]ta9 ( always d]iv+ f x a "w t w\ld =ce ! att5tion ( ! spectators4 ,illu/ration3 ,,que5 ,t,,yi 7,,full ,,face74 ,cairo ,museum4 ,illu/ration3 ,,que5 ,t,,yi 7,,pr(ile74 ,cairo ,museum4 ,illu/ration3 ,,pr9cess ,,( ,,! ,,family ,,( ,t,,yi 7,,pr(ile74 ,pa9t$ wood4 ,b]l91 collection ( ,m4 ,james ,simon4 ,illu/ration3 ,,pr9cess ,,( ,,! ,,family ,,( ,t,,yi 7,,full ,,face74 ,pa9t$ wood4 ,b]l91 collection ( ,m4 ,james ,simon4 ,& n[ let u comp>e ea* ( ^! pieces ) our ,canopic heads4 ,! pr(ile ( ,kh\niaton\ helmet$ is n z /rong z !irs1 due p]haps to ! contusions und]gone by ! surface ( ! /one dur+ a long soj\rn 9 a damp soil :]e saltpetre 0 abundant1 b ea* ( ! elem5ts may be sup]pos$ & adju/$1 =ehead1 nose1 eyes1 m\?1 *91 9 an absolutely satisfy+ mann]3 x m]ely seems t ! arti/ ( ! ,canopic heads saw 8 model 9 bett] heal? ?an t ( ! /atue4 ,! resemblance1 al?\gh less complete1 ) ! /atuette ( yell[ soap/one is /ill app>5t4 ,no unprejudic$ obs]v] ) ! s]ies 9 front ( him c come to any o!r conclusion ?an t we h 9 x portraits ( "o & ! same man4 ,leav+ out ! slight diff]5ces due to ! *isel1 !re is no m deviation betwe5 ! gr\p ( /atues & ! be/ ( our heads ?an !re is betwe5 t & ! ?ree f\nd ) x4 ,!re is div]g5ce 9 "o po9t only3 9 ! two /atues ! head b5ds & leans =w>d m or less2 9 ! ,canopic j>s x is erect )\t weakness4 ,a mom5t's reflection w %[ t x c\ld n be o!rwise4 ,h[ev] greatly we are mov$ by ! beauty ( ! "w1 we mu/ n =get t our f\r heads belong1 n to art pure & simple1 b to indu/rial art1 & t _! purpose impos$ special rules on ! ma/] :o *isell$ !m4 ,!y 7 prosaic lids = ! receptacles 9 :i* ! entrails ( ! ,ph>aoh 7 plac$1 & x 0 necess>y t ! m$ian axis ( ! vase prop]ly s-call$ %\ld co9cide exactly ) t ( ! lid4 ,!re 0 a "q ( equilibrium to be manag$ betwe5 ! two con/itu5t elem5ts ( ! ,canopic j>2 ! sculptor mu/ /raight5 ! neck ( 8 model1 & consequ5tly correct ! impression ( lassitude giv5 by ! /atues1 by an appe>ance ( vig\r4 ,if we exam9e ! portraits ( ,kh\niaton\ & 8 successors 9 company ( a physician1 c]ta9 anatomical details t at ! fir/ glance we did n tr\ble ab\t--! depression ( ! temples1 ! obliquity ( ! eyes1 ! contraction ( ! sides ( ! no/rils1 ! p9*+ ( ! m\?1 ! att5uation ( ! neck--assume an etiological value t ! ar*ologi/ 0 f> f suspect+4 ,dr4 ,ba1 /udy+ ! faces ( ,kh\niaton\1 ,t\atnkhamn\1 & ,h>mhbi ) me1 diagnos$ symptoms ( consumption m or less advanc$4 ,if ,kh\niaton\ di$ ( ! disease :5 ?irty ye>s old1 we ne$ n be greatly surpris$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,k+ ,,kh\niaton\4 ,! ,l\vre4 ,i d n insi/ ^u ?is k9d ( rese>*1 9 :i* ,i am n compet5t1 & ,i leave x to ! read] to decide if ,i h or h n prov$ ! id5tity ( ! p]son repres5t$ by our f\r heads to be t ( ,kh\niaton\1 ! h]esi>*4 ,"o ( !m at lea/ is a ma/]piece1 & ! o!rs possess qualities t assure !m a high place 9 ! e/imation ( connoisseurs1 b to :i* ( ! great ,egyptian s*ools ought we to attribute !m8 ,we may hesitate betwe5 two3 ! ,!ban1 to :i* mo/ ( ! arti/s :o fill$ ! royal laboratories !n belong$1 & ! ,h]mopolitan1 9 ! prov9ce ( :i* 0 ,el-,am>na1 ! fav\rite resid5ce ( ! sov]eign4 ,x 0 c]ta9ly ! latt] s*ool t work$ at ! hypogeums & sculptur$ ! pictures4 ,we f9d 9 !m its defects3 h>%1 r\gh composition1 a t5d5cy to c>icature ! human =m & to multiply comic episodes2 b also its good qualities3 suppl5ess1 movem5t1 life1 fre$om ( execution4 ,! few figures 9 alto-relievo t h escap$ de/ruction1 ^?1 = in/ance1 t accompany two ( ! l>ge front /el1 are ( ! same /yle z ! bas-reliefs1 b we d n f9d 9 !m any ( ! *>act]i/ics t we h not$ z prop] to ! monum5ts ( ! ,l\vre or to our ,canopic j>s4 ,j z ! o!rs %[ an unf9i%$1 worn aspect1 ^! are c>efully f9i%$ 9 ! lea/ details3 x is ! p]fect *isell+ & high poli% ( ! ,!ban ma/]s & _! /rong1 dignifi$ way ( pos+ ! figure & express+ ! physiognomy ( ! model4 ,:oev] has se5 ! /atues ( ,?\tmsis ,,iii1 ,am5!s ,,ii1 ! s-call$ ,taa1 & ,t\atnkhamn\ 9 ! ,cairo ,museum w n d\bt = a mom5t t our f\r heads are f ! h&s ( p]sons belong+ to ! same s*ool3 !y belong to ! ,!ban s*ool1 & m p>ticul>ly1 ,i ?9k1 to t portion ( ! ,!ban s*ool :i*1 a few ye>s lat]1 decorat$ ! temple ( ,g\rnah1 ! ,memnonium ( ,abydos1 & ! hypogeum ( ,set\ ,i4 ,illu/ration3 ,,k+ ,,kh\niaton\4 ,fragm5t ( a /one /atue4 ,! ,l\vre4 ,,xiv ,a ,,head ,,( ,,! ,,ph>aoh ,,h>mhabi 7,b\laq ,museum7 ,! :ole is compos$ ( ab\t t5 pieces1 collect$ 9 #ahfj 9 "o ( ! halls ( ! temple ( ,k>nak1 & put toge!r ) pla/]1 = good or ill1 by "o ( ! workm5 belong+ to ! ,museum4 ,! cem5t+ 0 n always done ) rigor\s accuracy1 & "o ( ! l>ge/ fragm5ts1 t :i* =ms ! c5tre ( ! head-dress1 is slightly out ( ! p]p5dicul>4 ,la/ ye> ,i tri$ to rem$y ! awkw>dness ( ! re/or]1 b )\t success2 if an attempt 0 made to sep>ate ! badly jo9$ pieces1 !re w\ld be a risk ( r$uc+ !m to p[d]4 ,b ! irregul>ities 9 ! jo9+ are suffici5tly slight n to injure ! g5]al aspect4 ,9 its pres5t condition x is j ! mutilat$ bu/ ( a k+ ) ! uru & ! d\ble cr[n on ! br[2 ! brok5 object t leans aga9/ ! left side is ! end ( a /aff ( (fice1 t]m9at$ ) a ram's head1 ! emblem ( ,khn\m or ,!ban ,amon4 ,if we w\ld =m "s idea ( :at ! body 0 l1 x is suffici5t to look at any ( ! /atues ) ! insignia t adorn ! museums1 t ( ,ramses ,,ii at ,b\laq#fc or ( ,set\ ,i 9 ! ,l\vre4#fd ,! k+ 0 /&+1 ) 8 back aga9/ a sort ( pill> cov]$ ) inscriptions1 & hold+ ! /aff 9 8 h&3 z he look$ 9 c]ta9 religi\s c]emonies :5 he escort$ ! ark ( ,amon-,r ?r\gh ! halls & c\rt-y>ds ( ! temple4 ,:at rema9 ( ! hi]oglyphic leg5ds d n give any "n4 ,m>iette 0 tempt$ to recognize x z ,m5ephtah1 son ( ,ramses ,,ii1#fe b he has n any:]e expla9$ ! motives t l$ him to t id5tification4 ,! lugubri\s tone ( ! black granite spoils ! fir/ impression1 b an exam9ation1 ev5 if only a sup]ficial "o1 soon reveals ! subtlety ( ! "w4 ,! head1 "u ! enorm\s ps*5t1 is full ( *>m & delicacy4 ,! face is "y1 ) an expression ( g5tle melan*oly r>e among ! ,ph>aohs ( ! great ,!ban p]iod4 ,! nose is /raight1 ?91 & well atta*$ to ! =ehead2 ! long eye turns up at ! temples4 ,! wide1 full lips1 some:at tight5$ at ! corn]s z if = smil+1 are boldly cut ) %>ply def9$ edges4 ,! *9 is sc>cely r5d]$ heavy by ! weight ( ! artificial be>d4 ,e detail is treat$ ) z mu* skill z if ! sculptor _h be5 manipulat+ a s(t /one l lime/one1 & n "o ( ! mat]ials t (f] all ! ob/acles possible to ! *isel4 ,! sur5ess ( ! execution is c>ri$ s f> t ! spectator =gets ! difficulty ( ! "w 9 ord] to ?9k solely ( its intr9sic value4 ,x is a pity t ,egyptian arti/s did n sign _! works3 ! "n ( ! ma/] to :om we owe ?is des]ves to h come d[n to u4 ,illu/ration3 ,,head ,,( ,,! ,,ph>aoh ,,h>mhabi4 ,black granite4 ,x rema9s to see :o 0 ! k+ ^: portrait he has transmitt$ to u4 ,:5 a ,ph>aoh asc5d$ ! ?rone1 ! sculptors ( ! city :]e he !n 01 ,memphis1 ,!bes1 ,tanis1 or ano!r1 ha/5$ to make a c]ta9 numb] ( copies ( 8 portrait1 full face or 9 pr(ile2 ^! 7 imm$iately s5t into ! prov9ces1 9 ord] t 8 face might be ev]y:]e sub/itut$ = t ( ! =m] sov]eign on ! build+s 9 c\rse ( erection4 ,?us 9 ! ,b\laq ,museum we h sev]al s]ies ( royal heads1 "s discov]$ at ,tanis1#ff "s 9 ! ,fay\m1#fg o!rs at ,memphis1#fh :i* %[ :at 0 ! proc$ure 9 su* a case4 ,! type1 once c>efully fix$1 did n *ange dur+ ! :ole ( ! reign4 ,ramses ,,ii1 :o 0 ne>ly a hundr$ ye>s old :5 he di$1 aft] reign+ = sixty-sev5 ye>s1 kept ! features ( a "y man ev5 to 8 late/ monum5ts4 ,! rule conta9s num]\s exceptions1 especially :5 x is a "q ( /atues commission$ 9 "o ( ! capitals ( ! c\ntry1 & execut$ by arti/s :o c\ld see _! subject at close qu>t]s & regi/] ! *anges "t produc$ 9 8 face4 ,( ! two ,*ephrn exhibit$ at ,b\laq1 "o is "y & smil+1#fi ! o!r old & sadd5$ by age4#gj ,b if !re are examples ( sov]eigns :o1 asc5d+ ! ?rone e>ly1 7 sometimes repres5t$ z !y 7 at diff]5t p]iods ( _! life1 ,i "k ( none :o 7 rejuv5at$ by ! sculptors :5 !y rea*$ ! ?rone at a late age4 ,! head ( ! /atue ) :i* we are "h conc]n$ is t ( a "y man1 almo/ a y\?1 & t is suffici5t = me to rule out ,m5ephtah4 ,m5ephtah 0 fifty at lea/ :5 he succe$$ 8 fa!r1#ga & 8 portrait1 z x is to be se5 at ,k>nak1 does n 9 any way resemble ! p]sonage ^: image is pres]v$ 9 ! ,b\laq /atue4 ,! o!r pr9ces ( ! ,x,i,xth & ,x,xth ,dyna/ies1 ,set\ ,,ii1 ,siphtah ,m5ephtah1 ,am5meses1 ,set9akht1 ( :om we h only a few poor portraits1 h no m claim to be comm5d$ ?an _! great pr$ecessors ,set\ ,i or ,ramses ,,ii3 ! di/urb$ times 9 :i* !y liv$ sc>cely admitt$ ( works ( c>eful composition4 ,l ,m5ephtah1 ,ramses ,i 0 too old at 8 accession1 & besides1 we h 8 portrait at ,g\rnah4 ,&1 moreov]1 ! /yle ( ! piece recalls at fir/ sight t ( ! ,tur9 /atues belong+ to ! ,x,v,i,i,ith ,dyna/y1 & !n we mu/ elim9ate a priori a c]ta9 numb] ( /atues ( :i* we possess ! exact description4 ,nei!r ,ahmsis ,i1 nor ! ,?\?msis1 nor ! ,am5hotp\ h any?+ 9 common ) our p]sonage2 & = ev5 a /rong] reason we _c recognize 9 him ! *>act]i/ic physiognomy ( ,kh\naton & ,a4 ,proce$+ f "o exclusion to ano!r1 we come to re/rict ! *oice to ?ree pr9ces1 ,t\atnkhmon\1 ,snakht1 & ,h>mhabi4 ,snakht _h only an ephem]al reign2 ,t\atnkhmon\ has only left u insignificant monum5ts2 ,h>mhabi1 on ! contr>y1 appe>s to h be5 "o ( ! mo/ important sov]eigns ( 8 "t4 ,a "y man at ! accession1 he re/or$ ! temples ( ,amon despoil$ by 8 h]etic pr$ecessors1 & re-e/abli%$ ! ,egyptian p[] t _h be5 weak5$ = a mom5t 9 ,syria & ,e?iopia4 ,la/ ye> & ?is ye> ,i cle>$ away ! rubbi% f two ( ! pylons he _h built & decorat$ at ,k>nak2 8 portrait 0 sculptur$ on !m num]\s times1 & ! outl9es are suffici5tly well pres]v$ = u to see 9 ! k+ ( ! bas-reliefs ! orig9al ( ! ,b\laq bu/4 ,i attribute ! /atue ( :i* ,m>iette f\nd ! rema9s to ,h>mhabi1 ! ,armas ( ! ,greeks4 ,9 conclusion1 ,i may obs]ve t ! fragm5ts1 :5 c>efully exam9$1 %[ no trace ( hav+ be5 brok5 by a hamm]2 ! /atue 0 n de/roy$ by ! h& ( man1 ! case ) a c]ta9 numb] ( ! monum5ts at ,k>nak4 ,! great e>?quake ( ! ye> #bg ,b4,c41 :i* put ! temple ( ,amon almo/ into ! condition 9 :i* we see x1 br\ght d[n ! ceil+s ( ! halls2 all ! objects und]nea? 7 injur$ by ! blocks or ar*itraves !n viol5tly ?r[n to ! gr\nd & cru%$ "u ! weight ( ! ru9s4 ,our ,h>mhabi did n escape ! common lot3 x ne$$ ,m>iette's great pati5ce to re/ore ! little we possess ( him4 ,,xv ,,! ,,colossus ,,( ,,ramses ,,ii ,,at ,,b$re*e,n#gb ,ramses ,,ii1 ,seso/ris1 hav+ re/or$ ! portions ( ! great temple ( ,phtah at ,memphis1 :i* bord]$ ! sacr$ lake on ! we/ & s\?1 _h colossi erect$ 9 front ( ! doors1 de/9$ to p]petuate 8 memory & 8 features = all 8:o %\ld come aft] him on ! e>?1 prie/s1 magicians1 scribes10 & :o %\ld recite a pray] to ! gods on 8 behalf4 ,! sacri/ans appo9t$ z guides to ! pr(ane1 & ! dragomans :o act z %[m5 ( ! wond]s ( ,egypt1 nev] fail to draw ! t\ri/'s att5tion to ^! /atues2 x gives !m an opportunity to relate "s amus+ /ory l ^? collect$ by ,h]odotus & transmitt$ to u by him z au!ntic hi/ory4 ,"o day ,d>ius ,i wi%$ to consecrate 8 image 9 ! neighb\rhood1 b ! high prie/ oppos$ 8 purpose3 8,seso/ris10 he said1 8has conqu]$ all ! nations t obey y1 & ! ,scy?ians to boot1 on :om y nev] succe$$ 9 inflict+ mu* h>m4 ,!re is !n no reason :y y\r monum5t %\ld be plac$ by ! side ( t ( a ,ph>aoh :om y h nei!r surpass$ nor equall$60 ,:5 ,memphis fell & became ,*ri/ian1 ! fame ( ! colossi di$ away4 ,:5 x p]i%$ & its temple ( ,phtah 0 dismantl$ /one by /one to s]ve = ! build+ ( ,cairo1 !y 7 ?r[n d[n1 & = ! mo/ "p cut up into gr9d/ones1 :5ce !y pass$ into ! lime-kiln4 ,"o ( !m1 h[ev]1 ?r[n f its p$e/al & ly+ face d[nw>ds on ! gr\nd1 0 cov]$ ) rubbi%1 & pres]v$ f de/ruction by t happy *ance4 ,br\ght to light by ,caviglia at ! beg9n+ ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 x _h ! good luck to please travell]s1 & ow$ x to !m to h escap$ ! mania = de/ruction t possesses ! fellahs4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,half-,,buri$ ,,colossus ,,( ,,ramses ,,ii4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,colossus ,,( ,,ramses ,,ii ,,em]g+ ,,f ,,! ,,e>?4 ,all ,europeans 9 turn :o h visit$ ,egypt h admir$ x4 ,x lies along ! side ( ! pa? "u ! palm-trees ( ,b$re*en at ! bottom ( a muddy dit*4 ,at ! p]iod ( ! inundation1 wat] fills x & cov]s ! /atue = "s weeks2 !n x gradually reappe>s1 ! %\ld] & ! leg fir/1 !n ! bu/ & face1 until x is all high & dry aga9 9 its hole4 ,its ,ph>aoh 0 /&+1 walk+1 ! arms close aga9/ ! sides4 ,! "n ( ,ramses ,,ii is to be read on ! c>t\*e engrav$ on ! buckle ( ! wai/b& t fa/5$ 8 petticoat4 ,nitre has de/roy$ "o side ( ! face & body1 b :at rema9s suffices to %[ ! excell5ce ( ! "w4 ,! pr(ile is t ( ! "y ,ramses1 ) l[ =ehead1 l>ge aquil9e nose1 r a l>ge m\?1 & a haughty expression4 ,! base is at "s di/ance (f1 & f>!r away /ill1 to ! s\?1 a small] colossus 9 wood1 dbris ( walls1 & fragm5ts ( /atues po9t out ! position ( anci5t *amb]s4 ,! palm =e/ :i* fl\ri%es on ! site h>asses excavation & prev5ts u f recon/itut+ ! plan4 ,! build+ or gr\p ( build+s t our colossus adorn$ w5t along ! s\? bank ( ! sacr$ res]voir on :i* ! my/]ies ( ,phtah & ! ,memphian gods 7 celebrat$ on ! canonical days4 ,9 spite ( ! long p]iod ( "t1 alluvial matt] has n succe$$ 9 entirely fill+ ! lake4 ,! place is m>k$ by a noticeable depression1 & ! e>? :i* fills x1 in/ead ( be+ plant$ ) date-trees1 is s[n ) corn2 x is l a squ>e bas9 ! edges ( :i* are drawn d[nw>ds f ! surr\nd+ gr\nd4 ,! rise ( ! riv] p>tly re/ores ! orig9al aspect ( ! spot1 b ! sett+ ( porticoes & pylons :i* fram$ x has vani%$2 x is replac$ by clumps ( big trees1 "u :i* is situat$ ! village ( ,tell-el-,khanzr4 ,x seems t ,mohamm$-,ali =m]ly gave ,ramses ,,ii to ,engl&2 ! fact is n exactly prov51 & to admit x def9itely a m s]i\s au?ority ?an t ( "o or sev]al ( ! 8,travell]s' ,guides to ,egypt0 w\ld be requir$4 ,! ,engli% h n avail$ !mselves ( ! d\btful tradition to remove ! colossus3 !y 7 satisfi$ to set x up aga94 ,!y did n succe$ at ! fir/ attempt1 & two trials made by ,messrs4 ,g>wood & ,&]son fail$ ignom9i\sly en\gh4 ,g5]al ,/eph5son1 :o long comm&$ ! army1 0 m successful4 ,he fir/ _h ! ambiti\s project ( sett+ ! /atue on its feet aga91 b z ! subscription op5$ = t purpose did n produce suffici5t money1 he cont5t$ himself ) rais+ x up above ! level ( ! inundation4 ,! op]ations1 conduct$ by ,major ,ar?ur ,bagnold1 ( ! ,eng9e]s1 7 begun on ,janu>y #bj1 #ahhg4gc ,hav+ drawn (f ! wat]1 he appli$ eight lift+ jacks ( diff]+ =ce along ! body3 ! ef=t 0 direct$ alt]nately to ! head & ! feet3 z soon z ! :ole mass 0 rais$ a little m ?an a foot & a half1 huge beams 7 slipp$ und]nea?1 & ! holl[ 0 fill$ up ) brok5 pot%]ds collect$ 9 ! ru9s ( ! anci5t city1 r$uc$ to t9y pieces & beat5 s z to =m a compact b$4 ,! "w 0 f9i%$ on ,april #af?4 ,! colossus n[ lies on its back1 ! face to ! sky4 ,a p5t-h\se %elt]s ! head2 a ?ick brick wall surr\nds x & protects x f ! gaze ( ! inquisitive cr[d4 ,its gu>dian dwells beside x 9 a small two-room$ h\se :]e ,major ,bagnold in/all$ him1 & he only %[s x to visitors on paym5t ( two ,egyptian pia/res3 x co/s ab\t sixp5ce to see x at ! bottom ( ! new funnel 9 :i* x is plung$4 ,! 8,s]vice des ,antiquits0 employs a portion ( ! tax 9 keep+ x 9 good condition4 ,ano!r ,ramses 9 granite & a /ele ( ,apries f\nd 9 ! neighb\rhood 7 aft]w>ds plac$ !re1 & complete ! little op5 air museum4 ,! ,arabs call ! colossus ,ab\'l-,hol1 ! fa!r ( ! ,t]ror1 l ! great ,sph9x4 ,i d n "k :at !y ?9k n[ t x is "u lock & key 9 its enclosure1 b !y 7 really fright5$ ( x :5 x 01 s to speak1 at l>ge4 ,! anci5t ,egyptians believ$ t /atues1 human & div9e1 7 animat$ by a _s1 a d\ble1 deta*$ f ! s\l ( ! p]son !y repres5t$4 ,! d\ble ate1 drank1 ev5 spoke at ne$1 & pron\nc$ oracles2 x has surviv$ ! religion & civilization ( ! anci5t p1 b ! *anges t h tak5 place ar\nd x seem to h s\r$ its "*4 ,x plays evil tricks on ^? :o approa* its hid+-place1 injures !m1 at ne$ ev5 kills !m3 ,arab writ]s h a ?\s& tales ( p]sons :o suff]$ because !y imprud5tly attack$ a monum5t & ! _s t gu>ds x4 ,! means ( r5d]+ ! ,afrite p[]less is to de/roy1 if n ! :ole /atue1 at lea/ its face3 t is :y s _m ,ph>aohs h _! noses brok5 or faces damag$4 ,! _s ( ,ramses ,,ii walk$ 9 ! palm =e/ at night1 & x 0 !re=e imprud5t to v5ture 9 ! vic9ity at twilight4 ,e "t t ,i 0 oblig$ to g t way at sunset1 my donkey-boy mumbl$ pray]s & urg$ on 8 bea/4 ,"o ev5+ :5 ,i ask$ him if he 0 afraid ( "s ,afrite1 he entreat$ me to keep sil5ce1 assur+ me t x 0 ill to speak ( su* ?+s1 & t if ,i p]si/$ "s accid5t w\ld happ5 to me4 ,9 fact1 my donkey /umbl$ 9 ! middle ( ! =e/ & ?rew me aga9/ ! trunk ( a palm-tree3 if ! donkey-boy _h n caught me & av]t$ ! bl[1 ,i %\ld h sma%$ my head4 ,f t "t1 :5ev] !re 0 talk ( ! dang] 9 speak+ disrespectfully ( ! _s t lives 9 ! /atue1 :at _h happ5$ to me 0 always quot$4 ,! :ole ( ,egypt is full ( analog\s sup]/itions1 ! great] numb] ( :i* are d]iv$ f ! anci5t beliefs1 & h be5 transmitt$ f g5]ation to g5]ation f ! "t ( ! ,ph>aohs1 ! build]s ( ! ,pyramids4#gd ,,xvi ,,egyptian ,,jewell]y ,,9 ,,! ,,l\vre#ge ,s mu* has appe>$ 9 ! newspap]s ab\t ! treasure une>!d at ,dah*\r la/ ye> by ,m4 de ,morgan1 t e "o 9 ,europe kn[s ! numb]1 =m1 & ri*ness ( ! objects x comprises2 b among ^? :o h describ$ & ju/ly prais$ !m1 h[ _m--,i d n say ,engli%m5 or ,g]mans1 b ,fr5*m5 alone--"k t ! ,l\vre possesses a collection ( ! f9e/ ,egyptian jewell]y8 ,m>iette 0 =tunate en\gh twice 9 8 life to f9d a numb] ( magnific5t ornam5ts ( great arti/ic value on ! royal mummies1 at ! ,s]apeum 9 ! tomb ( ! ,apis buri$ 9 ! reign ( ,ramses ,,ii by ! c>e ( "o ( ! sons ( ! conqu]or1 ,khmost1 high-prie/ ( ,phtah1 & reg5t ( ! k+dom = 8 fa!r1 & at ,!bes 9 ! c(f9 ( a que5 ( ! ,x,v,i,i,ith ,dyna/y1 ,ahhotp\ ,i1 :o 9 h] lifetime 0 ! daught]1 si/]1 wife1 & "m ( ,ph>aohs4 ,m>iette1 arti/ z he 01 v skilfully br\ght out ! int]e/ ( 8 discov]y1 & ! admirable idea x gave ( ! goldsmi?s ( ! sev5te5? & f\rte5? c5turies ,b4,c41 b he w5t no fur!r4 ,he _h br\ght to light s _m monum5ts ( importance = ! /udy ( political hi/ory & ( civilization1 t he nev] _h "t to dwell mu* on ! second>y result ( 8 works4 ,! jewell]y ( ,ahhotp\ is pres]v$ 9 ! ,b\laq ,museum1 :]e ?\s&s ( t\ri/s admire x e w9t]2 t ( ! ,s]apeum is plac$ 9 ! ,l\vre1 & usually obta9s only an abs5t-m9d$ glance f ! few visitors :o trav]se ! solitudes ( ! ,*>les ,x ,museum4 ,x fills sev]al comp>tm5ts ( a glass case t /&s 9 ! c5tre ( ! hi/oric hall4 ,at fir/ we note a l>ge gold mask1 un=tunately damag$1 & gr\p$ ne> x gold *a9s ) five & eight /r&s ( extraord9>y suppl5ess & p]fection2 amulets ( v>i\s %apes 9 felsp>1 r$ & gre5 jasp]1 & cornelian2 sc>abs1 a buckle1 an olive1 a little column1 9 ! "n ( ,khmost4 ,a little f>!r on a second s]ies f ! same s\rce includes pieces1 if n 9 !mselves m f9i%$1 m curi\s & m attractive to a mod]n eye2 ! ,"l ,ps>\1 :o 0 pres5t ) ! pr9ce at ! fun]al ( an ,apis1 did hon\r to ! mummy ( ! sacr$ bull4 ,i imag9e t ! great] numb] ( our contempor>ies h b vague notions reg>d+ ! way 9 :i* ! ,egyptians wore jewels4 ,m5 or wom51 _! co/ume at fir/ 0 summ>y en\gh3 ! m5 protect$ _! lo9s ) a clo? :i* sc>cely rea*$ ! knee & left ! bu/ entirely b>e2 ! wom5 crept inside a cl++ smock :i* rea*$ ! ankle1 w5t up to ! pit ( ! /oma*1 disclos$ ! brea/1 & 0 kept 9 place by two /raps ov] ! %\ld]s4 ,jewell]y s]v$ p>tly to hide :at ! /uff left uncov]$1 at lea/ ) ! wom54 ,a necklace ( sev]al r[s encircl$ ! neck & came d[n to ! rise ( ! brea/s2 l>ge r+s 7 r\nd ! wri/s1 ! upp] "p ( ! arm1 & ! l[] "p ( ! leg4 ,! hair1 or r ! wig1 clo!d ! back & half ! %\ld]2 a squ>e plaque susp5d$ by a *a9 ( beads or a lea!r /rap hung d[n bel[ ! necklace into ! space betwe5 ! two brea/s4 ,t is :at we call ! pectoral4 ,x (t5 looks l ! faade ( a temple1 surr\nd$ by a torus1 & surm\nt$ by a curv$ cornice2 portraits ( gods or sacr$ emblems 7 cr[d$ on ! surface1 & inscriptions scatt]$ ev]y:]e tell u ! "n ( ! own]1 accompani$ g5]ally by pi\s =mulas4 ,illu/ration3 ,,egyptian ,,jewell]y ,,( ,,! ,,xix? ,,dyna/y4 ,! ,l\vre4 ,illu/ration3 ,,gold ,,pectoral ,,inlaid ,,) ,,enamel4 ,! buckle ( ,ps>\ mu/ h s]v$ to fa/5 ! l95 wai/b& :i* conf9$ ! lo9-clo?1 or ! b& :i* w5t r\nd ! head & kept ! head-dress 9 place4 ,8 pectoral is "o ( ! ri*e/ t has come d[n to u4 ,x is fa%ion$ 9 a plaque ( gre5 basalt1 poli%$ & sculptur$ ) a precision t is a/oni%+ :5 we rememb] h[ imp]fect 7 ! tools at ! disposal ( ! ,egyptians4 ,! c5tral sc>ab is 9 v high relief aga9/ ! flat backgr\nd1 & ! fidelity ( ! modell+ is m>vell\s3 ! smalle/ details ( ! head & corslet are r5d]$ ) almo/ sci5tific tru?4 ,! two wom5 :o seem to wor%ip x on ! "r & left are ,isis & ,neph?ys1 ! two si/]s ( ,osiris4 ,! cont\rs ( _! bodies are cut 9 ! gold leaf t frames ! sc>ab4 ,ano!r pectoral ( :i* ,i give a reproduction is ( less delicate workman%ip1 b ! te*nique pres5ts int]e/+ peculi>ities4 ,x has op5+s cut 9 x1 & ! design ( ! p>ts is obta9$ by p>titions ( a v supple gold1 9 :i* are set ! sc>ab & ! col\r$ glass :i* relieve ! uprights & cornice ( ! naos4 ,! sc>ab is 9 lapis lazuli1 ! dress ( ! goddesses 9 brilliant gold1 eng9e-turn$ to simulate ! /ripes ( ! /uff4 ,! my/ical mean+ ( ?is design w\ld n escape any educat$ ,egyptian4 ,! sc>ab repres5ts ! he>t & life ( man1 :]e life resides2 x is ! amulet :i* ensures to ea* man1 liv+ or dead1 ! own]%ip ( 8 he>t4 ,t is :y x 0 giv5 to weal?y mummies1 if n to all mummies3 sometimes x 0 /uck on to ! sk9 ( ! corpse ) bitum5 at ! rise ( ! neck2 sometimes x 0 set 9 ! c5tre ( a pectoral1 lo/ 9 ! ?ickness ( ! swa?+s ov] ! *e/4 ,z e ,egyptian1 :5 he left ?is _w1 0 assimilat$ to ,osiris & became ,osiris himself1 ! he>t & ! sc>ab pass$ z ! he>t & sc>ab ( ,osiris1 ov] :i* ,isis & ,neph?ys wat*$1 z !y _h wat*$ ov] ,osiris2 h5ce ! figures ( ! two goddesses4 ,!y w>m$ ! he>t ) _! h&s1 !y recit$ ! =mulas t prev5t$ x f p]i%+1 !y kept (f evil spirits & ! magicians :o might h seiz$ x = _! d>k purposes4 ,religion provid$ ! arti/s ) a subtle motive ( decoration2 :ile !y nev] w5t f> beyond ! prim>y idea1 !y v>i$ its detail & expression ) mu* skill4 ,! wom5 are sometimes /&+1 sometimes seat$ or kneel+2 !y ext5d _! arms 9 front ( !m1 or lift !m to _! =eheads l m\rn]s1 or let !m hang d[n 9 tok5 ( grief2 ! sc>ab re/s on a boat or a lotus fl[] or an alt>1 in/ead ( float+ 9 air1 z 9 ! jewel ( ! ,s]apeum4 ,comp>ative /udy ( all ! sc5es w\ld prove once aga9 ! ,egyptians' f]tility ( imag9ation & _! skill 9 r++ ! *anges on ! mo/ hackney$ subjects4 ,illu/ration3 ,,pectoral ,,( ,,ramses ,,ii4 ,! ,l\vre4 ,illu/ration3 ,,pectoral ,,9 ,,%ape ,,( ,a ,,hawk ,,) ,a ,,ram's ,,head4 ,! ,l\vre4 ,! pectoral 9 ! c5tre belong$ to ,ramses ,,ii himself1 or1 at lea/1 0 execut$ by 8 ord]1 & z a p]sonal gift 9 hon\r ( ! ,apis t 0 buri$3 ! c>t\*e "n ,ousirmr is plac$ j bel[ ! frieze1 & s]ves1 s to speak1 z a c5tre = ! composition t fills ! inside ( ! frame4 ,!re is fir/ a hawk ) a ram's head1 ) spread w+s :i* curve 9 ord] to frame ! c>t\*e3 9 8 claws he holds ! seal1 ! emblem ( et]nity4 ,l[]1 a l>ge uru & a vulture spread _! w+s & enfold bo? ! hawk & ! c>t\*e 9 mutual protection4 ,two ,tats symbolize et]nity1 & fill up ! empty spaces 9 ! decoration 9 ! two l[] corn]s4 ,! hawk ) ! ram's head repres5ts ! s\l ( ! sun1 ! uru & ! vulture are ! patron deities ( ! ,s\? & ! ,nor?3 toge!r !y def5d ?r\gh\t ! :ole univ]se ! k+ ^: "n /&s betwe5 _! w+s1 &1 by ! int]m$i>y ( ! k+1 ! dead man ^: mummy we>s ! jewel4 ,"h aga9 ! figures are design$ 9 panels ( gold encru/$ ) col\r$ pa/es or small pieces ( cut /ones4 ,! :ole is ri*1 elegant1 h>moni\s4 ,! ?ree pr9cipal motives gr[ 9 proportion z !y desc5d to ! l[] "p ( ! picture1 accord+ to an admirably calculat$ progression4 ,! c>t\*e ) its dull gold occupies ! c5tre2 bel[ x ! hawk =ms a fir/ b& ( iridesc5t tones1 ! l9es ( :i*1 slightly curv$ back1 correct ! /iffness ( ! long sides ( ! c>t\*e2 ! uru & vulture1 "o pair ( w+s seems to s]ve = bo?1 envelop ! hawk & ! c>t\*e 9 a semicircle ( enamels1 ! tones ( :i* pass f r$ & gre5 to d>k blue1 ) a boldness & a feel+ = col\r t does hon\r to ! ta/e ( ! workman4 ,if ! g5]al aspect makes an impression ( heav9ess1 x is n 8 fault2 ! =m ( ! jewel impos$ by religi\s tradition is s rigid 9 itself t no comb9ation c correct ! effect beyond a c]ta9 po9t4 ,! rectangul> or squ>e frame1 ! cornice at ! top1 ! two rams' heads :i* fit 9 bel[ ! cornice1 =m a squat & massive :ole4 ,to fill ! int]ior suitably1 x is impossible to avoid add+ to ! heav9ess2 9 manipulat+ ! empty spaces a sl5d] & n>r[ appe>ance is procur$1 z 9 "o at lea/ ( ! pectorals ( ,dah*\r4 ,! type ( ! jewels has its orig9 9 ! same ideas or notions :5ce ,egyptian ar*itecture & sculpture are d]iv$3 x is monum5tal1 & seems to h be5 conceiv$ = ! use ( gigantic be+s4 ,! usual dim5sions ( ! pectoral are too enorm\s = ! adornm5t ( ord9>y m5 & wom54 ,!y only come into _! own on ! brea/s ( ! ,!ban colossi3 ! imm5sity ( ! /one body on :i* _! image is sculptur$ light5s !m & seems to br+ out _! exact proportions4 ,sometimes ! ,egyptians left aside ! squ>e =m bequea!d to !m by _! ance/ors2 ! sacr$ bird left 8 cage :5 he c\ld4 ,m>iette f\nd two ( ^! simplifi$ pectorals at ! ,s]apeum1 bo? ( :i* repres5t a hawk3 ! fir/ has its ord9>y head & b5ds its w+s back1 ! o!r has assum$ ! ram's head & keeps its w+s /raight4 ,x has ! same weal? & ! same elegance ( l9e z 9 ! o!r objects ( simil> s\rce1 b ! motive1 rid ( ! enamell$ frame 9 :i* x 0 /ifl$1 possesses m *>m & is bett] suit$ to humanity4 ,! execution is wond]ful1 & ! ram's head1 9 p>ticul>1 surpasses 9 suppl5ess ( workman%ip all t is s f> kn[n4 ,x is cut 9 a little +ot ( pure gold1 b x is n ! mat]ial t is ( mo/ value3 ! old *as] knew h[ to model x broadly1 & has giv5 x z fai?ful an expression z if he _h cut x life-size 9 a block ( granite or lime/one4 ,x is no long]1 z ev]y:]e else1 indu/rial art3 x is art pure & simple4 ,m>iette1 & he und]/ood1 consid]$ t he _h nev] come across any?+ approa*+ ?is among ! ,egyptian jewell]y he _h se54 ,! gold r+ also belongs to ,ramses ,,ii4 ,! two little horses :o prance on ! bezel 7 celebrat$ 9 hi/ory4 ,!y 7 call$ ,n\rit & ,anatis-cont5t$1 & 7 h>ness$ to ! royal *>iot on ! day ( ! battle ( ,qod%\1 :5 ,ramses ,,ii *>g$ 9 p]son ! ,khitas :o _h surpris$ him4 ,! ,ph>aoh rememb]$ ! s]vice !y r5d]$ him on t memorable occasion4 ,! *isell+1 al?\gh n s good z t ( ! hawk ) ! ram's head1 is v f9e3 x reproduces v boldly ! p>ticul> attributes ( ,egyptian horses1 _! exagg]at$ mane1 r ?9 body1 slightly swoll5 extremities4 ,x is true t ! r+s1 z a rule1 are n adorn$ ) subjects 9 su* /rong relief3 ! bezel is compos$ ( a sc>ab or a metal c>t\*e turn+ on a pivot1 sometimes engrav$ ) ! "n ( ! we>] ( ! jewel1 b m (t5 ) a pi\s =mula or a s]ies ( symbols ( obscure mean+ by way ( inscription4 ,! l>g] numb] ( ! r+s we see 9 ! museums belong$ to mummies1 & are amulets t give ! dead man "s sort ( p[] ov] ! inhabitants ( ! o!r _w3 a small numb] only 7 us$ by _! own]s 9 _! lifetime4 ,!y are seals1 affix$ to de$s l our /amps1 j z we affix our signature4 ,!y are 9 e mat]ial3 gold1 electron1 silv]1 bronze1 copp]1 enamel1 ev5 9 wood1 accord+ to ! weal? ( ! individual2 "s are v]itable ma/]pieces ( engrav+1 b _m possess no m arti/ic value ?an ! common copp] seals b\ght ready prep>$ at our /ation]s'4 ,! l>ge/ ( ^! jewels pass$ ?r\gh s _m h&s be=e rea*+ ! ,l\vre t !y h s5sibly suff]$3 ! panels are w>p$ or ev5 brok51 ! enamels or encru/$ plaques are "h & !re worn (f4 ,! ,dah*\r jewell]y1 com+ direct f ! excavation1 has pres]v$ an appe>ance ( fre%ness :i* has n a little contribut$ to increase ! admiration ( ! public3 ! objects seem sc>cely to h left ! h&s ( ! goldsmi? :o fa%ion$ !m1 & ! surprise we exp]i5ce 9 f9d+ !m /ill s fre% aft] m ?an f\r ?\s& ye>s r5d]s u indulg5t t[>ds ! imp]fections t a close exam9ation soon reveals4 ,_! extreme antiquity1 & q rightly1 c\nts = mu* 9 ! appreciation !y receive4 ,x is inde$ /range to confirm t f ! tw5ty-fif? c5tury ,b4,c4 ! ,egyptians _h c>ri$ ! te*nique ( preci\s metals & ! art ( mak+ jewell]y to a v high degree ( p]fection4 ,?is 01 ( c\rse1 already kn[n1 = x is n infrequ5t to f9d r+s1 fragm5ts ( necklaces1 isolat$ pectorals1 "s ( :i* p]haps g back to ! ,anci5t ,empire1 :ile o!rs belong to ! ,roman p]iod or betray ,byzant9e influ5ce3 our museums possess !m by t5s1 & !re is sc>cely a private collection t has n a c]ta9 numb] ( !m4 ,b ^! isolat$ objects d n attract ! att5tion ( ! public2 to r\se its curiosity x is necess>y t "s happy *ance %\ld br+ to light a consid]able treasure 9 :i* specim5s ( all ! types usually collect$ piece by piece are plac$ toge!r4 ,=tunately1 ^! f9ds are n s r>e z might be imag9$3 if ,gizeh c boa/ ( possess+ ! sub/ance ( ,dah*\r & ! que5 ,ahhotp\1 ! ,b]l9 ,museum has ! admirable ornam5ts t ,f]l9i obta9$ f "o ( ! ,e?iopian pyramids2 ! ,leyd5 ,museum & ! ,briti% ,museum %>$ ! spoils ( "o ( ! ,ant\f k+s ( ! ,x,ith ,dyna/y2 & ! ,l\vre c>efully pres]ves ! jewels ( ! ,s]apeum1 ! mo/ beautiful ( all4 ,,xvii ,,! ,,treasure ,,( ,,zagazig#gf ,i ,once m *ance has s]v$ u well4 ,workm5 :o 7 mak+ a railway embankm5t on ! site ( anci5t ,buba/is discov]$1 on ,septemb] #bb1 #aijf1 a real treasure ( jewell]y & ,egyptian goldsmi?s' "w 9 ! ru9s ( a brick h\se4 ,!y hop$ to pr(it by ! f9d !mselves1 b "o ( our wat*m5 _h se5 !m2 he took no action1 h[ev]1 at ! mom5t1 = fe> ( be+ ill-treat$3 ! next day he report$ ! matt] to ! native inspector1 ,mohamm$ ,eff5di ,*abn1 :o at once put ! police on _! track & in=m$ 8 *ief1 ,mr4 ,edg>1 inspector-g5]al ( ! antiquities 9 ! prov9ces ( ! delta4 ,inve/igations 7 made 9 likely places1 :ile ! police se>*$ ! workm5's h\ses & recov]$ "s ( ! pieces t _h be5 c>ri$ (f4 ,sev]al t escap$ !m fell lat] into ! h&s ( a deal] 9 ,cairo3 a gold /ra9]1 ?ree undecorat$ silv] phials1 a l>ge *as$ gold r+ :i* /r5g!n$ ! neck ( a silv] vase1 fragm5ts ( silv] cups1 all1 except ! gold r+1 ( no arti/ic value4 ,! two mo/ valuable1 a silv] vase ) a goat 9 gold z h&le & a gold goblet 9 ! =m ( a half-op5$ lotus1 7 seiz$ at ! h\se ( ! fellahs1 ,m\rsi ,hassanen & ,es-,say$ ,ed1 be=e !y _h sold !m to a local ,greek bakal4 ,he imm$iately claim$ !m ( u z 8 p]sonal prop]ty t1 fail+ our un=tunate int]f]5ce1 he w\ld h acquir$ = ready money4 ,z no reply 0 v\*saf$ to 8 summons1 he w5t to law ) u4 ,! affair dragg$ on = "s weeks1 dur+ :i* ,mr4 ,edg> _h ! railway works c>efully wat*$4 ,at la/1 on ,octob] #ag?1 a workman ) a bl[ ( 8 pick-axe laid b>e sev]al fragm5ts ( silv] vases3 he tri$ to conceal !m1 b our ghafirs prev5t$ him1 & ! se>* proce$$ "u ! protection ( ! police3 ! objects lay 9 a heap1 gold betwe5 two lay]s ( silv]2 ! same ev5+ !y 7 9 safety4 ,! "w 0 c>ri$ out s quickly t no?+ 0 lo/1 & !re 0 no reason = any "o to conte/ our "r to ! w9dfall4 ,to br+ ?is /ory to an end1 ,i may add t on ,novemb] #d? ! c\rt ( ,zagazig f\nd ! two fellahs guilty ( !ft1 & condemn$ !m to imprisonm5t & to pay half ! co/s4 ,b ! bakal /ill p]si/$ 9 8 claim1 & rum\r soon spread among ! natives t he _h ga9$ 8 suit 9 ! ,c\rt ( ,appeal3 we _h be5 =c$ to deliv] up to him ! objects ( ! litigation "u p5alty ( a consid]able f9e = ea* day ( delay4 ,! deal]s nev] hesitate to spread lies ( ?is sort among ! p3 !y !reby enhance _! pre/ige ) ! fellahs1 & uphold !m 9 ! notion t !y h no?+ to fe> f ! 8,s]vice des ,antiquits40 ,! treasure safe1 we _h to take note ( ! condition 9 :i* x rea*$ u4 ,at ! fir/ glance1 two v diff]5t s]ies 7 p]ceiv$3 "o1 :i* compris$ ! jewell]y & ! gold or silv] vases ( mo/ skilful workman%ip1 w5t back to ! ,x,i,xth ,dyna/y2 ! o!r 0 compos$ exclusively ( silv] plate1 ! co>s5ess ( :i* betray$ a mu* m rec5t p]iod4 ,al?\gh x 0 all f\nd at two sep>ate times1 & 9 two places some:at di/ant f ea* o!r1 did x orig9ally =m "o collection8 ,z we h se51 ! :ole made a heap among ! dbris ( two or ?ree j>s :i* 7 !mselves brok5 9 ! c\rse ( c5turies "u ! cont9u\s pressure ( ! e>?2 ! objects seem$ to h be5 heap$ up irregul>ly1 ! mo/ valuable 9 ! middle1 ! o!rs =m+ a b$ above & bel[4 ,we _h ev5 /ill adh]+ to a l>ge fragm5t ( pott]y a /em p>tly ( h>d5$ mud & p>tly ( metal1 9 :i* we recogniz$ on a precipitate ( less anci5t e>r+s & bracelets1 ! rema9s ( sev]al ,ph>aonic goblets4 ,h[ c x be expla9$ t relics ( su* diff]5t epo*s %\ld be f\nd 9 ! same place8 ,_m ( !m are intact1 b o!rs h purposely be5 clipp$ or brok51 & ! fragm5ts melt$ d[n2 !y are also mix$ ) plates ( pliant silv] & ) +ots com+ f goldsmi?s' work%ops l ^? t /ill exi/4 ,we "k :at happ5s n only 9 ,egypt b 9 ,european c\ntries :5 peasants dig up treasure :ile pl\gh+ _! l&3 !y take x to a jewell]1 :o buys x ( !m by weight1 ?r[s x into ! melt+-pot1 sc>cely ev] tr\bl+ ab\t ! loss ?us caus$ to art or sci5ce1 & trans=ms x into mod]n horrors4 ,x is to "s adv5ture ( ! sort t we owe ! possession ( our f9d4 ,a fellah :o liv$1 ,i imag9e1 dur+ ! "t ( ! ,roman dom9ation1 f\nd 9 ! ru9s ne> ,zagazig1 if n at ,zagazig itself1 silv] objects :i* he sold to a native goldsmi? :o de/roy$ "s ( !m = ! ne$s ( 8 craft1 & kept ! o!rs ei!r to give to a collector or to use himself 9 ! same way z ! fir/ lot :5 t %\ld be exhau/$4 ,did local s$ition or ! sack ( ! city by a ho/ile army compel him to hide 8 prop]ty 9 two diff]5t places8 ,8 goods1 once hidd5 "u ! e>?1 7 n aga9 drawn =?1 & we receiv$ !m f him1 almo/ )\t an int]m$i>y1 sixte5 mon?s ago4 ,illu/ration3 ,,silv] ,,bracelets ,,& ,,e>r+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,gold ,,e>r+ ,,f ,,! ,,treasure ,,( ,,zagazig4 ,,ii ,i w say no?+ ( ! rubbi% ( 8 own fabrication4 ,! types are already ^? ( pres5t-day ,egypt1 & we c\ld easily swe> t mo/ ( !m 7 manufactur$ = sale to ! fellahs1 at mo/1 tw5ty ye>s ago3 e>r+s 9 ! =m ( p5dants or oblong r+s1 to ! l[] "p ( :i* eight or t5 metal beads are sold]$ 9 bun*es2 r+s ) flat bezels1 ornam5t$ or left pla9 = a "n to be engrav$2 bracelets =m$ ( a simple re$ ( silv] foil1 ?9n$ at ea* end & cov]$ ) a network ( loz5ges fix$ by two or ?ree m>ks holl[$ out by ! *isel & lack+ elegance1 ! ends1 cut (f /raight1 ne>ly meet :5 ! piece is f9i%$1 b !y d n jo91 & s facilitate ! putt+ ( ! bracelet on ! wri/4 ,x is ! hone/ "w ( a man :o did n sp>e 8 mat]ial1 b only knew j en\gh ( 8 craft to please easily satisfi$ cu/om]s2 ! ta/e ( ! good p ( ,buba/is :o b\ght ^! ?+s 0 n ( a discrim9at+ sort1 or !y may h f\nd _! m>ket only 9 ! p's qu>t]s4 ,!re are mu* bett] ?+s ( ! k9d 9 ! ,cairo ,museum1 & if ! new-f\nd treasure _h only yield$ su* objects1 x w\ld h be5 at once despat*$ to ! salle de v5te = ! delight ( t\ri/s4 ,! contra/ is /rik+ z soon z we pass to :at comes d[n f ! ,ph>aonic age4 ,n t x c be plac$ among ! be/ we "k 9 t k9d4 ,! age ( ,ramses ,,ii is already m>k$ by a less sure ta/e ?an t ( ! ages t prec$$ x1 & ,i _c comp>e x ) ! ,dah*\r objects nor ) ^? ( ,que5 ,ahhotp\4 ,"o ( ! necklaces is ! common brea/plate ( five r[s ( little tubes 9 /one & enamel1 decorat$ ) a fr+e ( gold egg-%ap$ ornam5ts encru/$ ) col\r$ /one4 ,ano!r necklace1 also ( gold1 ) its eight r[s ( bottle-%ap$ p5dants hang+ to little *a9s ( t9y beads1 w\ld be some:at out ( keep+ ) ! o!rs if t 0 its orig9al =m1 b ! p>ts _h be5 sep>at$1 & we rem\nt$ !m ourselves 9 ord] to pres]ve !m ) less risk ( loss4 ,five l5ticul> e>r+s are =m$ ( two convex gold pellicles clos$ at ! circumf]5ce & jo9$ by a bord] ( filigree1 /amp$ 9 ! c5tre ) a rosette1 ! leaves ( :i* are gr\p$ r\nd a gold or enamel button2 a gold tube sold]$ to ! inside & groov$ 9 ! furr[ ( a screw pass$ ?r\gh ! lobe1 & 0 fa/5$ to an invisible button :i*1 press$ aga9/ ! fle%1 kept ! jewel 9 its place4 ,!re 0 also a bracelet 9 m9ute p>ticles ( metal & enamel1 l ^? ( ,ahhotp\ & ! pr9cesses ( ,dah*\r1 b only ! clasp has come d[n to u1 a slid+ clasp ( a mo/ primitive "*1 ) no value except = ! gold4 ,! be/ ?+ 9 ! s]ies 0 und\bt$ly ! pair ( gold & lapis lazuli bracelets on :i* may be read ! c>t\*e "n ,ousim>es--,osym&yas--( ,ramses ,,ii4 ,illu/ration3 ,,"o ,,( ,,ramses ,,ii',s ,,bracelets 7,,op574 ,illu/ration3 ,,"o ,,( ,,ramses ,,ii',s ,,bracelets 7,,clos$74 ,!y =m two circul> portions ( ne>ly equal size1 jo9$ by two h+es1 ! fir/ turn+ on a fix$ axis1 ! second a movable bolt tak5 away :5 ! bracelet 0 op5$4 ,! back "p is a m]e plate ( poli%$ gold ab\t #a in*es broad1 on :i* eight twi/s & eight fillets are laid side by side4 ,! twi/s & fillets alt]nate1 & ! ends are bord]$ ) a ?9 /rip p>allel to ! h+e4 ,on x are plac$ two r[s ( m9ute p>ticles ( metal sold]$ toge!r1 & kept 9 place by two flat d\ble-twi/$ little *a9s4 ,! front portion is exp&$ to ! middle1 :]e x is j ov] #b in*es 9 height4 ,at ! h+es x is edg$ by a r[ ( egg-%ap$ ornam5ts set betwe5 two flat *a9s1 & along ! curves by a twi/ flank$ by two fillets4 ,a second frame1 includ$ 9 ! fir/1 is ( a m complicat$ design3 a d\ble motif ( little beads & *a9s goes r\nd ! curves1 b on ! side ( ! fix$ h+e ! c>t\*e "n ( ,ramses ,,ii is to be se51 & on ! side ( ! movable h+e two b&s ( beads & filigree loz5ges on a pla9 backgr\nd4 ,9 ! space ?us res]v$ ! goldsmi? _h trac$ ! silh\ette ( a gr\p ( ducks ly+ flat1 by means ( a l9e ( beads & a ?9 ?read4 ,! two bodies1 :i* are pack$ toge!r s z to be comb9$ 9 "o1 are =m$ ( a piece ( lapis lazuli1 cut & highly poli%$4 ,! ends ( ! bodies are imprison$ 9 a gold %ea? decorat$ ) a cov]+ ( small knobs & loz5ges2 ! tails are jo9$ toge!r1 & simulate a fan2 !y are ( lapis1 /rip$ ) ?reads ( gold to m>k ! sep>ation ( ! fea!rs4 ,ano!r gold %ea?1 ( simil> workman%ip1 envelops ! *e/2 ! two necks escape ) a bold movem5t1 & ! two heads1 twi/+ r\nd1 lie symmetrically on ! back ( ! creatures4 ,betwe5 !m & ! frame is a smoo? ribbon 9 %>p zigzags on a se$-plot ( granules4 ,! :ole effect is r heavy1 & x w\ld h be5 bett] if ! arti/ _h %[n a m sob] ta/e2 b hav+ /at$ s mu*1 x is cle>ly se5 t 8 "w 0 conceiv$ ) a p]fect und]/&+ ( decoration & a ma/]y ( all ! secrets ( ! art4 ,all ! me?ods t he s well manipulat$ may be f\nd 9 ! "w ( ! goldsmi?s ( contempor>y ,egypt1 especially 9 t ( ^? :o1 liv+ 9 remote villages1 h come less "u ,european influ5ce ?an _! colleagues 9 ! cities4 ,! models !y copy are nev] ( s delicate an imag9ation or s skill$ an execution2 b we note = ! mo/ "p ! same devices & ! same decorative p>ts ( :i* we note ! employm5t "h2 loz5ges1 zigzags1 simple twi/$ cords1 d\ble-plait$ small *a9s1 r\nd$ mallets1 ?reads1 filigrees 9 l9es or 9 se$s4 ,! +ots are beat51 /ret*$1 fa%ion$1 poli%$ on ! same little anvil4 ,! granules are bl[n z =m]ly 9 *>coal p[d]1 & ! skill ) :i* !y are put toge!r & sold]$ to obta9 ! desir$ designs is z great z 9 ! "t ( ! ,ph>aohs4 ,9 t1 z 9 _m o!r indu/ries1 ! ,egypt ( to-day has inh]it$ f ! ,egypt ( ! pa/1 & we h only to look at ! artisans 9 _! %ops to le>n h[ ! subjects ( ,ramses ,,ii set ab\t _! "w4 ,,iii ,! gold & silv] vases are "s ye>s lat] ?an ! bracelets4 ,on "o ( !m1 inde$1 may be read ! "n ( ,ta\asrt1 a great-gr&daught] ( ,ramses ,,ii :o m>ri$ successively ,siphtah & ,set\ ,,ii1 & :o enjoy$ h] h\r ( celebrity 9 ! la/ days ( ! ,x,i,xth ,dyna/y4 ,x is a half-op5$ lotus1 m\nt$ on its /em4 ,! calyx ( ! fl[] is =m$ ( ?9 gold-leaf1 n l9$1 %>ply cut at ! out] edge4 ,! /alk is smoo? except :]e ! c>t\*e is engrav$3 x exp&s & flatt5s out at ! bottom to =m a foot1 & ! wid5+ is decorat$ ) folioles1 kept 9 place by ?ree circul> b&s4 ,! l9es are suffici5tly h>moni\s1 b ! execution is poor1 & ! object w\ld sc>cely des]ve a brief m5tion 9 our catalogue if ! royal "n did n assign x a def9ite date3 "h ! arti/ic yields to ! ar*ological value4 ,illu/ration3 ,,gold ,,cup ,,( ,,que5 ,,ta\asr,t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,small] ,,( ,,! ,,two ,,gold ,,vases 7,,front ,,view74 ,x is o!rwise ) ! gold vases t accompany x4 ,!y are ( m$ium size1 & ! smalle/ ( !m all measures only ab\t #c in*es f bottom to top2 b ! h>mony ( ! proportions makes !m p]fect models ( ! k9d ( plate t appe>$ at banquets on ! sidebo>ds or tables ( ! ri*4 ,! b[l is r\nd$1 & surm\nt$ by a /raight neck almo/ z high z ! b[l itself1 ! upp] edge ( :i* curves slightly outw>ds4 ,! front is decorat$ ) a trac$ ornam5t simulat+ t ( "o ( ! l>ge necklaces 9 lotus petals ) :i* ! ,egyptians adorn$ !mselves on fte-days4 ,! two b&s ) :i* x 0 fa/5$ to ! neck fall undulat+ on ! "r & left1 & two cats--! two cats ( ! goddess wor%ipp$ at ,buba/is--look at !m inquisitively1 ) att5tive eye1 di/5d$ back1 quiv]+ tail1 /raight e>s1 z if ask+ to play ) !m4 ,a lotus escapes bel[1 & on ! slopes ( its corolla two geese glide flapp+ _! w+s4 ,! neck is divid$ into ?ree equal r[s1 sep>at$ by flat cords3 fir/ a wrea? ( lotus buds po9ts d[nw>ds1 jo9$ toge!r by a b& ( ?reads1 "o on top ( ! o!r2 !n a r[ ( egg-%ap$ fruits1 & la/ly a b& ( r\nd florets holl[$ 9 ! c5tre & ! holl[ encircl$ ) po9ts l /am5s4 ,!re is nei!r h&le nor hold]1 b a small b>rel1 ?r\gh :i* a gold r+ 0 pass$ & by :i* ! object c\ld be hung up1 0 fa/5$ by ?ree rivets to ! lotus buds on ! side opposite to t ( ! necklace4 ,! b>rel is ( blui% faence set 9 a gold m\nt ) a t]m9al fl[]4 ,x %[s signs ( we> & is d5t$ 9 sev]al places1 b none ( ! bl[s x suff]$ h s]i\sly injur$ x3 x is z p]fect z at ! mom5t x issu$ new f ! %op4 ,! *oice ( motives is elegant1 ! gr\p+ irreproa*able1 ! composition bold & a little summ>y3 ! arti/ seems to h work$ quickly1 b he possess$ su* ma/]y ( 8 craft t ! rapidity ( ! fabrication 9 no way injur$ ! *>m ( ! "w4 ,illu/ration3 ,,small] ,,( ,,! ,,two ,,gold ,,vases 7,,back ,,view74 ,illu/ration3 ,,mass ,,( ,,silv] ,,vases ,,sold]$ ,,toge!r ,,by ,,oxide4 ,! second vase is l>g]1 = x measures ab\t #d in*es 9 height2 if ! %ape is simil>1 ! detail ( ! decoration is v diff]5t4 ,! bottom is flat1 & ! out] surface is fill$ by a lotus1 drawn s z to cov] x entirely4 ,! b[l is n smoo?1 b ?ree-f\r?s ( x are cov]$ ) a regul> bossage1 :i* gives x ! appe>ance ( an enorm\s symbolic e> ( d\rah4 ,! me?od employ$ to produce x is n rep\ss "w prop]ly s-call$1 hamm]$ f ! inside to ! outside4 ,! g5]al network 0 fir/ v lightly trac$ on ! metal2 !n ! r\nds 7 outl9$ ) a blunt in/rum5t & hamm]$ into a furr[1 :i*1 press+ d[n ! metal r\nd !m1 left !m !mselves 9 relief4 ,! neck 0 f9i%$ by an almo/ imp]ceptible rim1 obta9$ by turn+ ! upp] edge ( ! gold plaque outw>ds4 ,!re are f\r r[s in/ead ( ! ?ree ( ! small vase3 at ! top ! l9e ( buds1 !n lotuses head d[nw>ds1 ) alt]nate bun*es ( grapes or undef9$ fl[]s hang+ betwe5 !m1 !n c5tr$ florets1 & !n fruits4 ,! susp5sory r+ is fa/5$ to ! b& ( petals by a motif 9 %ape ( a calf4 ,! bea/ lies on its belly1 ! tail fold$ ov] ! back2 ! head1 turn+ to ! "r1 is ext5d$ & rais$1 z if to look ov] ! edge ( ! neck4 ,x seems to h be5 *isell$ 9 ! solid metal1 & n engraft$1 & !n f9i%$ ) ! grav]4 ,x is treat$ broadly1 ) a sure t\* & ! k ( animal =m t is peculi> to ! ,egyptians2 x may be plac$ beside ! c\*ant calves t s]ve z p]fume caskets & are ma/]pieces ( sculpture 9 wood3 x w lose no?+ by ! comp>ison4 ,! :ole pres5ts ! same *>act]i/ics z ! prec$+ vase1 & :5 closely exam9$ we are soon conv9c$ t x comes f ! same work%op2 inde$1 !re is little risk ( mi/ake if we attribute bo? to ! same arti/4 ,illu/ration3 ,,l>g] ,,( ,,! ,,two ,,gold ,,vases 7,,front ,,view74 ,illu/ration3 ,,l>g] ,,( ,,! ,,two ,,gold ,,vases 7,,back ,,view74 ,x is ! same ) ! two silv] jugs :i* accompany ! two gold vases3 !y h a common orig91 & an equal importance = ori5tal toreumatology4 ,"o ( !m1 un=tunately1 0 brok51 & we d n possess all ! pieces2 b we h en\gh to be sure t x resembl$ ! "o t has come to u intact4 ,! b[l is cov]$ to two-?irds ( its height ) longitud9al r[s ( fruits1 sitt+ "o on ! o!r l ! scales ( a p9e cone4 ,"h aga9 x is n ord9>y rep\ss "w1 b ! outl9e ( ea* scale has be5 m>k$ r\nd & ! metal !n press$ d[n f outside to inside4 ,! smoo? belt :i* lies betwe5 ! emboss+ & ! rise ( ! neck c>ries r\nd ! :ole ( ! vase a s+le l9e ( hi]oglyphics express+ a wi% = ! et]nal life & prosp]ity ( ! royal cupbe>]1 ,t\m\mta\neb1 !n a vignette & ! own] 9 wor%ip be=e a goddess1 :o is pacific & ,egyptian on ! p]fect vase1 b bellicose & =eign on ! brok5 vase1 arm$ ) lance & buckl]4 ,t\m\mta\neb 0 a p]son ( importance 9 8 "t3 n only 0 he entitl$ *ief cupbe>]1 b he is proclaim$ ! k+'s mess5g] 9 all b>b>\s l&s1 & he d\btless br\ght back 8 pi\s reg>d = ! bellicose goddess f "o ( 8 j\rneys 9 ,syria4 ,t is ! only exotic elem5t f\nd 9 ! decoration ( ! two vases4 ,! top ( ! neck is ornam5t$ ) a rim ( light gold4 ,x has two r[s ( subjects1 "o on top ( ! o!r3 episodes ( hunt+ or fi%+4 ,a fragm5t ( ! brok5 vase %[s a troop ( wild horses runn+ t[>ds a m>% ) lotuses1 :]e birds are fly+4 ,! intact vase is un=tunately encru/$ 9 places ) oxide1 :i* obscures ! detail ( ! sc5es3 we di/+ui% outl9es ( boats1 tufts ( aquatic plants1 m5 draw+ nets or %oot+ arr[s1 bea/s at full gallop2 9 ! upp] r[ !re are imag9>y trees ) palm-leaves or volutes1 among :i* griff9s fight ) lions4 ,if we d n owe ! silv] vases to ! same arti/ :o fa%ion$ ! gold vases1 he 0 at lea/ end[$ ) ! same admirable skill4 ,he has greatly simplifi$ ! outl9e ( 8 figures1 b ! l9es are firm1 ev51 sunk 9 ! metal ) ! precision ( a ma/]3 ! craft _h no secrets f him4 ,b t is n ! *ief m]it ( 8 "w3 tw5ty o!rs w\ld h be5 capable ( s mu* among ! goldsmi?s :o work$ = ! k+ & ! great nobles4 ,:at specially di/+ui%es x is ! orig9ality ( ! design he *ose = ! h&le1 & ! mann] 9 :i* he treat$ x4 ,a kid1 attract$ by ! fumes ( ! w9e conta9$ 9 ! vase1 _h climb$ ! b[l1 & boldly /&+ on its h9d feet1 ! legs /ra9$1 ! sp9e rigid1 ! knees lean+ aga9/ two gold calyxes :i* spr+ horizontally f ! silv] face1 ! muzzle press$ aga9/ ! m\ld+1 he looks gre$ily ov] ! edge3 a r+ pass+ ?r\gh ! no/ril s]ves = hang+ up ! vase4 ,! body is holl[ & has be5 fa%ion$ 9 two pieces /amp$ out1 & ! two halves sold]$ toge!r longitud9ally & t\*$ up ) ! grav]4 ,! horns & e>s are ins]t$3 a triangul> hole 0 introduc$ 9 ! middle ( ! =ehead4 ,! mat]ial te*nique is excell5t1 b ! conception is ev5 sup]ior to ! te*nique3 no?+ c\ld be tru] ?an ! movem5t t inspires ! little creature1 nor m +5i\s ?an ! expression ( gre$9ess emanat+ f ! :ole ( ! body4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,vase ,,) ,,! ,,kid4 7,ab\t #f in*es 9 height47 ,repres5tations ( _m simil> vases may be se5 on ! monum5ts ( ! ,!ban ,dyna/ies1 ) foxes1 leop>ds1 & human be+s = h&les1 & we _h ask$ ourselves if !y really exi/$ any:]e except 9 ! imag9ation ( ! pa9t]s ( ! hypogeums4 ,!re is n[ no mann] ( d\bt t !y 7 fai?ful reproductions ( models us$ by ! ,egyptians1 or by ! nations ) :om ! ,egyptians _h relations ei!r 9 w> or 9 comm]ce4 ,%all we ev] f9d "o ( ! l>ge table p]gnes :i* %[ sc5es ( conque/1 ) trees1 animals1 /atuettes ( negroes or ,asiatics 9 gold or 9 enamel8 ,!y conta9$ su* a l>ge am\nt ( metal t !y w\ld h be5 ca/ into ! melt+-pot at "s mom5t ( want1 b we await ! *ance t may give u depts simil> to t ( ,zagazig3 ,i d n ?9k1 h[ev]1 t we %all f9d pieces ( a f9] inspiration or ( a m h>moni\s composition ?an t ( ! vase ) ! kid4 ,,iv ,! silv] pat] h suff]$ mu*4 ,hurri$ly pil$ up 9 ! receptacle :]e !y 7 hidd51 ! oxide b\nd !m solidly toge!r1 & we h n yet succe$$ 9 sep>at+ !m all4 ,x has besides eat5 into !m 9 s ?or\gh a fa%ion t we h only v5tur$ to clean two or ?ree3 x is d\btful if we %all ev] risk t\*+ ! re/4 ,x is a mis=tune common to mo/ ( ! silv] objects f\nd 9 ,egypt3 "u ! influ5ce ( ! annual infiltrations1 ! organic acids1 ( :i* ! subsoil ( ! anci5t cities is compos$1 attack !m & eat !m away )\t truce or m]cy4 ,if ! metal 0 ( suitable ?ickness we might hope t ! surface only 0 injur$ & ! core ( ! metal unh>m$1 b mo/ (t5 !y consi/ ( a leaf ( metal ( extreme ?9ness1 :i* quickly decomposes4 ,?us ! object only endures at all ?anks to ! oxide cru/1 & if t support 0 remov$ x w\ld be resolv$ into du/ & t9y fragm5ts4 ,illu/ration3 ,,"o ,,( ,,! ,,silv] ,,pat] ,,( ,,zagazig 7,,side ,,view74 ,illu/ration3 ,,silv] ,,/ra9]4 ,only "o ( ! pat] is almo/ intact4 ,x measures j ov] #f in*es 9 diamet] & ab\t #e in*es 9 height4 ,x is flat at ! bottom & ! sides are slightly inflat$ at ! base2 !y are decorat$ at ! top ) a gold bord] fa/5$ to ! rim by rivets4 ,two small decorat$ plates 9 *as$ gold are furni%$ ) r+s :i* hold a little gold rod t1 b5t 9 ?ree1 s]ves to susp5d x4 ,f\r l>ge gold r\nds are plac$ flat on ! rim opposite ! h&le4 ,! side is smoo?1 ) a s+le l9e ( hi]oglyphics on ! outside--a k9d wi%1 on ! p>vis ( ! temple ( ,ne?1 = ! own]1 ! s++-girl ( ,ne?1 ,tama1 8! ,cat40 ,x is silv] leaf1 /amp$ out 9 a curve1 ! two ends ( :i* h be5 jo9$ )\t any appreciable ov]lapp+ & !n sold]$ toge!r4 ,! bottom is also =m$ ( silv] leaf1 :i* is fa/5$ to ! l[] edge ( ! sides & divid$ into two conc5tric r[s4 ,9 ! c5tre is a sort ( umbilicus1 ) a gold flat-rimm$ hat decorat$ by a l9e ( r\nd$ beads ( metal & sev]al l9es ( little *a9s4 ,! r[ ne>e/ ! c5tre is slightly l[]2 on x may be se5 wat] full ( fi%1 ) tufts ( lotus "h & !re4 ,a little papyrus boat1 occupi$ by a nak$ %eph]d & a calf1 floats amid ! pat*es ( gre52 birds fly ab\t1 & two nude figures ( "y wom5--! same :o1 modell$ 9 wood1 provid$ ! sculptors ( ! p]iod ) a *>m+ design = p]fume ladles--swim side by side 9 ord] to ga!r fl[]s4 ,a flat space & a l9e ( t9y r\nds sep>ate ! pool f a hunt+-gr\nd t f\r conv5tional palm-trees plant$ at equal di/ance divide into ! same numb] ( di/9ct comp>tm5ts4 ,two w+$ sph9xes ) wom5's heads /& on ei!r side ( "o palm1 ! paw rais$ & /ret*$ out z if to pull d[n ! dates3 two symmetrical pairs ( goats leap at ! o!r palms to br[se on !m4 ,betwe5 ^! gr\ps1 animals run madly ab\t1 a wild ox *as$ by a leop>d1 h>es & gazelles by foxes1 dogs1 or wolves4 ,! figures ( ! middle r[ are ( rep\ss "w ( s feeble a "* t we %\ld almo/ say !y are engrav$ on ! metal3 ^? ( ! out] r[ are ( a /rong] rep\ss1 & !n gone ov] aga9 & f9i%$ ) ! grav]4 ,! o!r pat] resemble ^! z f> z ! te*nique & decoration are conc]n$3 !y evid5tly came f ! same work%op & belong$ to "o own]4 ,7 !y = daily use or only = ornam5t8 ,x w\ld seem t !y 7 n fa%ion$ = a def9ite use3 at lea/ !y d n recall ! %apes se5 on ! monum5ts 9 ! h&s ( gue/s at a banquet or ( prie/s 9 ! sacrifices4 ,!y 7 hung on ! walls ( halls1 or plac$ on sidebo>ds on fte-days1 & if !y 7 giv5 to ! gue/s1 x 0 n simply = !m to eat or dr9k out (4 ,fill$ ) fre% wat] or cle> w9e1 x 0 a sort ( m9iature lake1 9 ! c5tre ( :i* ! po9t ( ! gold hat rose l an islet3 ! l&scape & figures1 se5 ?r\gh ! transp>5t m$ium1 /ood out on ! flat backgr\nd ) peculi> vivacity1 & 7 effac$ or de=m$ at pleasure :5 ! liquid 0 di/urb$4 ,x is n s long s9ce we 7 pleas$ ) simil> pu]ilities1 & ,ori5tals d n disda9 !m to-day3 ! pat] 71 p]haps1 toys r ?an objects ( real utility4 ,i %all n say ! same ( ! silv] /ra9]s1 ! =ms ( :i* are elegant b n ov]lad5 ) ornam5t1 & evid5tly int5d$ = use4 ,a wide op5$ funnel1 a plaque at ! bottom pi]c$ ) t9y little holes--! h&le alone te/ifies to any arti/ic attempt--an op5 papyrus fl[]1 ! petals ( :i*1 b5t ov] ! /em1 lean on ! rim ( ! funnel4 ,x is a useful implem5t = kit*5 or cell>1 well adapt$ to its end1 easy to keep clean1 9 a ^w practical1 a ?+ 9 tru? t ! pat] are n4 ,v ,x is cle>1 !n1 t ! int]e/ ( ! f9d is great 9 itself on acc\nt ( ! numb] & beauty ( ! objects4 ,until n[ ! great] "p ( ! goldsmi?s' "w we possess 0 ( ! ,ptolemaic p]iod1 & ^? t c\ld be attribut$ ) c]ta9ty to ! ,ph>aonic p]iod possess$ no *>act]i/ics t p]mitt$ u to judge ! skill ( ! ,egyptians4 ,! pictures on ! walls ( tombs or temples au?orize our belief t x 0 v skilful1 b ! conv5tions ( _! designs are /ill s ill-def9$ t !re is n always agreem5t ab\t _! int]pretation4 ,x is ev5 necess>y to ask if c]ta9 motives figur+ outside a vase ought n to be tak5 z belong+ to ! decoration ( ! inside4 ,we n[ h a suffici5t numb] ( _! works to ju/ify our conjecture1 & to decl>e 9 all s9c]ity t ! goldsmi?s 7 9 no way inf]ior to ! sculptors1 at lea/ s long z ! second ,!ban ,empire la/$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,bottom ,,( ,,"o ,,( ,,! ,,zagazig ,,silv] ,,pat]4 ,^! objects 7 f\nd on ! site ( anci5t ,buba/is1 & ! pres5ce ( ! cats ( ! goddess ,ba/t on sev]al ( !m1 z well z ! "n ( ,tama1 ! ,cat1 t is on ! *ief vase1 seem to po9t t !y 7 made 9 ! place t has re/or$ !m to u4 ,x is true t ,tama 0 a s++-girl ( ,ne?1 liv+ 9 ! enclos$ space be=e ! temple ( ,ne?1 & t might be a c\nt]-indication1 at lea/ s f> z ^! objects are conc]n$4 ,sett+ aside ! "q ( orig91 :i* is too unc]ta91 we may ask if !y are really ,egyptian by inspiration1 or if !re is n a risk 9 exam9+ !m m closely ( ! discov]y ( pro(s ( "s =eign influ5ce4 ,= ab\t a qu>t] ( a c5tury1 n[1 ,assyria1 ,*alda1 ,asia ,m9or1 ,crete & ! ,egyptian isl&s h become bett] kn[n to u1 & ! s*ol>s :o h /udi$ ^? places h n be5 sl[ to despoil ,egypt 9 _! fav\r3 x is too (t5 suffici5t = an object or an arti/ic design frequ5tly occurr+ on ,egyptian monum5ts to be f\nd 9 ^? places at once to attribute to !m ! orig9al inv5tion or own]%ip4 ,i _c help ?9k+ t _m ( ^! claims are n legitimate1 & t 9 a m g5]al way x is exce$+ly ra% 9 ! case ( a civilization s complex & di/ant 9 its beg9n+s z t ( ,egypt at ! "t ( ! second ,!ban ,empire1 to claim ! ability to disc]n all ! elem5ts x borr[$ f outside4 ,we "k h[ rapidly ! peoples ( ! ,nile assimilate ! =eign]3 9 anci5t times1 x 0 ) ! arts z ) m51 & =ms ( ar*itecture1 ( draw+1 ( indu/rial production1 transplant$ among !m1 ei!r quickly disappe>$ & left no trace1 or yield$ to ! conditions ( ! c\ntry1 & became s completely fus$ ) ! ta/e ( its environm5t t x is n[ sc>cely possible to di/+ui% ! =eign f ! native4 ,i believe t ,egypt c]ta9ly accept$ exotic types2 b ! l&s ) :i* %e _h relations did n ab/a9 f imitat+ h]1 & f ! mo/ di/ant ages4 ,%e gave to o!rs at lea/ z mu* z %e receiv$ f !m1 & 9 _m cases :]e ! "q ( filiation has rec5tly be5 det]m9$ aga9/ h]1 x w\ld be well to susp5d t judgm5t1 if n to upset x4 ,9 ?is case1 ,i imag9e t x w n ent] any "o's m9d to dispute t ! bracelets ( ,ramses ,,ii & ! *alice ( ,ta\asrt are ,egyptian pure & simple4 ,! two gold vases & ! two silv] jugs pres5t no =eign *>act]i/ic3 ! gold kid is ( ! same family z ! goats sculptur$ fifte5 or tw5ty c5turies e>li] 9 ! ,memphian bas-reliefs1 /&+ on _! h9d legs & nibbl+ at a bu%4 ,! pat]1 x is true1 resemble ! ,phnician gold & bronze cups s (t5 f\nd 9 ! ,euphrates di/ricts & 9 ! l&s on ! %ores ( ! ,m$it]ranean3 b no "o has refus$ to admit t !y 7 imitations ( ,egyptian models1 & p]haps a m imp>tial exam9ation w\ld lead ar*ologi/s to re/ore "s ( !m at lea/ to ,egypt4 ,at any rate1 ! treasure ( ,zagazig %[s u :at ^? models ought to be3 ! ,phnicians 7 n unm9dful ( !m & respect$ ! g5]al arrangem5t1 ev5 if !y (t5 modifi$ ! detail4 ,"o elem5t only 9 ! sc5es ( ! two r[s may be exotic3 ! female sph9x ) ! /range locks ( hair1 if we *oose to see 9 h] a d]ivative ( ! griff9 r ?an a fanta/ic de=mation ( ! male sph9x ( a =m] age4 ,b ev5 s1 x mu/ n be =gott5 t ! griff9 belongs to ! anci5t national f\ndations l ! ox5 & gazelles1 goats1 dogs1 leop>ds se5 by its side3 its pres5ce w\ld only prove--if its =m 0 s *>act]i/ic t we c\ld n refuse to believe x an incongruity--t x 0 borr[$ f ! arts ( ,syria or ,*alda by "s arti/ tir$ ( always us+ ! traditional types ( 8 c\ntry4 ,,xviii ,,?ree ,,/atuettes ,,9 ,,wood 7,! ,l\vre7 ,! ?ree little wood5 figures reproduc$ "h are ( ,!ban orig91 & repres5t p]sons :o liv$ "u ! conqu]or-k+s ( ! ,x,v,i,i,ith & ,x,i,xth ,dyna/ies4 ,! fir/ 0 f\nd 9 ! ,salt collection1 pur*as$ by ,*ampollion at ,leghorn 9 #ahbe1 :i* =ms ! basis ( ! ,l\vre collection4#gg ,x is a "y woman 9 a long cl++ dress trimm$ ) a b& ( embroid]y 9 :ite ?read runn+ f top to bottom4 ,%e we>s a gold necklace ( ?ree r[s & gold bracelets4 ,on h] head is a wig1 ! hair ( :i* hangs d[n to ! rise ( ! brea/2 ! wig is kept 9 place by a l>ge gild$ b& simulat+ a cr[n ( leaves arrang$ po9ts d[nw>ds4 ,! "r arm hangs d[n beside ! body1 & ! h& held an object1 probably 9 metal1 :i* has disappe>$2 ! left arm is fold$ across ! *e/1 & ! h& clasps ! /em ( a lotus1 ! bud po9t+ betwe5 ! brea/s4 ,! body is supple & well-=m$1 ! brea/ "y1 /raight1 slight1 ! face broad1 & smil+ ) some?+ ( s(tness & vulg>ity4 ,! arti/ 0 unable to avoid heav9ess 9 ! arrangem5t ( ! coiffure1 b he has modell$ ! body ) an elegant & *a/e delicacy2 ! dress foll[s ! =m )\t reveal+ x indiscreetly1 & ! ge/ure ) :i* ! "y woman presses ! fl[] aga9/ h] is natural4 ,! /atuette is pa9t$ d>k r$1 except ! eyes & ! embroid]y1 :i* are :ite1 & ! wig1 :i* is black3 ! bracelets1 ! necklace1 & ! b&eau are ( a yell[ gold id5tical ) ! small book exhibit$ 9 ! glass case m>k$ ,z 9 ! 8,salle civile40#gh ,illu/ration3 ,la ,dame ,na ,prtre ,(fici] en co/ume demi civil ,,/atuettes ,,9 ,,wood4 ,! ,l\vre4 ,two inscriptions engrav$ on ! p$e/al1 & !n pa9t$ yell[1 in=m u ( ! "n ( ! woman1 & ( t ( ! individual :o d$icat$ ! /atue4 ,"o on ! front runs ?us3 7,a7 ,,adoration ,,to ,,phtah ,,sok>-,,osiri1#gi ,,great ,,god1 ,,pr9ce ,,( ,,et]nity1 ,,to ,,:om ,,are ,,giv5 ,,all ,,k9ds ,,( ,,good ,,?+s ,,& ,,pure ,,?+s1 ,,to ,,! ,,d\ble ,,( ,,! ,,p]fect ,,lady ,,na ,,( ,,! ,,true ,,p]fect ,,voice4 ,! o!r is engrav$ on ! "r side1 & runs3 7,b7 ,,x ,,is ,,h] ,,bro!r ,,:o ,,makes ,,h] ,,"n ,,to ,,live1 ,,! ,,s]vant ,,phtah-,,ma4 ,f o!r monum5ts we "k m ?an "o ,egyptian ( ! "n ,phtah-,ma1 & m ?an "o lady ,na3 b none ( !m has any claim to be id5tifi$ ) our two p]sonages4 ,phtah-,ma is n a noble3 he fill$ a v humble po/1 t ( a page atta*$ to a noble1 or a subord9ate employ ( a temple or ( a c\rt ( ju/ice4 ,b ! *>m ( ! monum5t he devot$ to ! memory ( 8 si/] is only ! m rem>kable4 ,! p]sonage 9 ! middle is a prie/1 /&+1 we>+ ! %ort wig ) little locks ( hair 9 r[s "o above ! o!r4 ,! bu/ is b>e1 & 8 only g>m5t is a long skirt fall+ half way d[n ! leg1 spread out 9 front into a sort ( pleat$ apron4 ,9 8 two h&s he be>s a sacr$ insignia consi/+ ( a ram's head surm\nt$ by ! sol> disk1 & =m+ an gis1 ! :ole set into a /aff ( fairly l>ge dim5sions3 ! attitude is "o ( repose4 ,! ?ird figure1 on ! contr>y1 is full ( movem5t & activity4 ,x is an (fic] 9 semi-milit>y co/ume ( ! "t ( ,am5phis ,,iii or ( 8 successors3 a small wig1 a cl++ smock ) sleeves1 a %ort lo9-clo? tightly gird$ ov] ! hips & sc>cely desc5d+ to ! middle ( ! ?igh1 decorat$ 9 front ) a small piece ( /uff /&+ out1 pleat$ l5g?wise4 ,^! two /atuettes are pa9t$ d>k r$ ) ! exception ( ! wig1 :i* is black1 ( ! cornea ( ! eyes1 :i* is :ite1 & ! insignia ( ! prie/1 :i* is yell[4 ,! old p$e/al has disappe>$1 & ) x ! "n4 ,l ! lime/one & wood5 /atues ( l>ge dim5sions1 ^! =m$ "p ( ! fun]>y equipm5t3 !y 7 ! supports ( s\ls 9 m9iature1 & s]v$ z a body = ! d\ble ( ! model & kept alive ! "n ( a p]son :o _h be5 lov$ or well kn[n4 ,!re are a l>ge numb] ( !m 9 ! museums1 & ne>ly all are ( ! same epo*4 ,nei!r ! ,anci5t nor ! ,middle ,empire made !m--,sate art pref]r$ h>d /one3 ! wood5 /atuettes t ,i h s f> se5 are ( ! second ,!ban p]iod1 & belong to ! ,x,v,i,i,ith1 ,x,i,xth1 & ,x,xth ,dyna/ies4 ,"s ( !m1 if n all1 7 us$ = purposes t seem /range to u4 ,sev]al _h little rolls ( papyrus fa/5$ to _! p$e/al or _! body1 ord9>y lett]s t ! writ]s s5t to "o ano!r2 "o possess$ by ! ,leyd5 ,museum is an adjuration address$ to ! p]fect s\l ( ! lady ,ankh>i by h] /ill liv+ husb&3#hj 8,:at fault h ,i committ$ aga9/ !e t ,i %\ld be r$uc$ to ! mis]able condition 9 :i* ,i f9d myself8 ,:at h ,i done to ju/ify ?is attack on me1 if no fault has be5 committ$ aga9/ !e8 ,f ! "t ,i became ?y husb& until ?is day1 :at h ,i done aga9/ !e t ,i %\ld conceal8 ,:at %all ,i d :5 ,i h to be> witness to my conduct 9 reg>d to !e1 & %all appe> ) !e be=e ! tribunal ( ! dead1 address+ myself to ! cycle ( ! inf]nal gods1 & ?\ wilt be judg$ aft] ?is writ+1 :i* is 9 words utt]+ my compla9t 9 reg>d to :at ?\ ha/ done4 ,:at wilt ?\ d80 ,! g5]al tone ( ! piece is1 z is cle>1 "o ( compla9t & accusation4 ,! husb& lam5ts ab\t 8! mis]able condition to :i* he is r$uc$10 ?ree ye>s aft] he has become a wid[]2 !n he relates ! incid5ts ( 8 conjugal life 9 ord] to %[ ! +ratitude he has receiv$ = 8 tr\ble & c>e4 8,:5 ?\ became/ my wife1 ,i 0 "y1 ,i 0 ) !e1 ,i did n des]t !e1 ,i caus$ no grief to ?y he>t4 ,n[ s ,i act$ :5 ,i 0 "y2 :5 ,i 0 promot$ to high dignities by ,ph>aoh1 ,i did n des]t !e2 ,i said3 #8,let !m be mutual betwe5 u6' & z ev]ybody :o came saw me ) !e1 ?\ did/ n receive ^? :om ?\ did/ n "k1 = ,i act$ accord+ to ?y w4 ,n[1 "h x is1 ?\ ha/ n satisfi$ my he>t & ,i %all plead ) !e1 & ! true w be di/+ui%$ f ! false40 ,he dwells on & rem9ds h] ( 8 k9dnesses3 8,i h nev] be5 f\nd act+ brutally to !e l a peasant :o ent]s o!r p's h\ses40 ,:5 %e di$1 dur+ an eight mon?s' abs5ce occasion$ by 8 s]vice ) ,ph>aoh1 8,i did :at 0 seem+ = !e3 ,i lam5t$ !e greatly ) my p opposite my dwell+1 ,i gave /uffs & swa?+s = ?y burial1 & = t purpose _h _m l95 clo?s wov51 & ,i omitt$ no good (f]+ ,i c\ld make !e40#ha ,! poor man does n /ate cle>ly ! nature ( ! tr\bles f :i* he suff]$4 ,p]haps he imag9$ t 8 wife torm5t$ him 9 ! =m ( a spectre2 p]haps1 :at aft] all comes to ! same ?+ 9 ! belief ( an ,egyptian1 he 0 attack$ by diseases & ov]:elm$ ) infirmities t he attribut$ to ! malignity ( ! dead woman4 ,we are rem9d$ ( ! /range actions t ! ,icel&]s ( ! ,middle ,ages practis$ aga9/ gho/s4 ,! adm9i/ration set on foot ! :ole cortge ( (ficials & ! :ole ( its legal code to br+ ! accusation1 judge & condemn ! dead :o p]si/$ 9 haunt+ ! h\se 9 :i* !y _h liv$4 ,! records ( ! causes are extant & te/ify to ! gravity t presid$ ov] ?is /range proc$ure4 ,! ,leyd5 papyrus c]ta9ly relates to an affair ( ! k9d4 ,a husb&1 address+ 8 wife's s\l1 summons h] to susp5d p]secutions t are 9 no way ju/ifi$1 "u pa9 ( answ]+ = h] conduct be=e ! inf]nal jury4 ,if %e did n he$ ?is prelim9>y advice1 ! matt] w\ld be br\ght lat] be=e ! tribunal ( ! gods ( ! we/ & plead$3 ! papyrus w\ld s]ve z a piece ( conv9c+ evid5ce1 & !n 8! true w\ld be di/+ui%$ f ! false40 ,!re 0 "o difficulty to be ov]come3 h[ 0 ! summons to be s5t to h]8 ,! ,egyptians 7 nev] emb>rass$ :5 x 0 a "q ( communicat+ ) ! o!r _w4 ,! husb& read ! lett] 9 ! tomb1 !n fa/5$ x to a figure ( ! woman4 ,?us %e c\ld n fail to receive ! adjuration z %e receiv$ ! fun]>y banquet1 or ! effect ( ! pray]s t assur$ h] happ9ess beyond ! tomb4 ,! preoccupations ( art held only a subord9ate place 9 /atues l ^? ( ! lady ,na & h] two companions3 ! religi\s idea 0 pr$om9ant1 & x 0 religion :i* gave ! monum5t its mean+4 ,,xix ,a ,,fragm5t ,,( ,a ,,!ban ,,/atuette#hb ,! excavations und]tak5 by ,mr4 ,mond on ! ea/]n slope ( ! hills ( ,*ekh-,abd-el-,g\rnah1 9 "o ( ! ri*e/ ( ! ,!ban cemet]ies ( ! ,x,v,i,i,ith & ,x,i,xth ,dyna/ies1 h already giv5 sev]al valuable monum5ts to ! 8,s]vice des ,antiquits02 & no?+ surpasses or ev5 equals ! fragm5t illu/rat$ "h4 ,! /atuette to :i* x belongs 0 brok5 9 ! middle4 ,! hips & legs h disappe>$1 z well z ! "r arm1 & ! pl9? aga9/ :i* ! back lean$2 ,mr4 ,mond eag]ly s\ght ! miss+ pieces among ! residue ( 8 f9d1 b 9 va92 !y 7 n =?com+1 & 7 d\btless ei!r de/roy$ 9 anci5t times1 or c>ri$ (f by "s amateur dur+ ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,! fragm5t t rema9s to u measures ne>ly a foot 9 l5g? & ab\t #d in*es across ! %\ld]s2 !re is no?+ 9 ! l9es by :i* "o c det]m9e :e!r ! p]son x repres5ts 0 seat$ or /&+4 ,i am incl9$ to ?9k t1 accord+ to ! cu/om ( ! "t1 ! attitude resembl$ t ( ! little lady ,t\ 9 ! ,l\vre1#hc /&+1 ! feet ne>ly on ! same level1 ! "r arm hang+ d[n1 ! head erect1 ) ! wig ( c]emony1 & ! dress ( great holidays4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,mond ,,/atuette 7,,front ,,view74 ,! mat]ial employ$ by ! sculptor is lime/one ( ! k9d ! inscriptions describe z ! f9e :ite /one ( ,t\rah1 b ?ick b$s ( x ext5d along ! sides ( ! valley ( ,egypt f ! environs ( ,cairo to ! defiles ( ,gebelen4 ,x ab\nds 9 ! ,!ban pla91 & al?\gh x is too split & crack$ 9 e s5se to be ( any use = build+ purposes1 x is admirably suit$ = designs ( re/rict$ dim5sions1 su* z ^? ( our /atuette4 ,x 0 mo/ probably c>v$ 9 ! /one ( ,*ekh-,abd-el-,g\rnah itself1 p]haps 9 "o ( ! blocks extract$ at ! "t ( holl[+ out ! tomb = :i* x 0 de/9$4 ,x =ms an excell5t sub/ance1 supple & firm at ! same "t1 & subs]ves ) an inimitable docility ! bolde/ & ! mo/ delicate /rokes ( ! *isel2 ! gra9 ( m>ble1 cry/all9e & almo/ metallic1 makes ! s5sation on ! eye ( a rigid envelope 9 :i* ! subject is1 z x 71 imprison$1 :ile lime/one1 s(t] & ri*]1 bett] reproduces ! ela/icity ( ! surface ( fle% & ! free play ( ! muscles "u ! sk94 ,our /atuette _h be5 illum9at$ 9 accordance ) cu/om1 b x be>s only imp]ceptible traces ( pa9t+ & has ! natural col\r ( old lime/one1 a tone betwe5 cream & yell[$ ivory1 :i* recalls ! pal5ess ( ,egyptian wom54 ,! detail ( ! clo?+ & ornam5ts :i* 0 due to ! bru% has vani%$1 & is only indicat$ on ! bord] ( ! mantle by fa9t tool+4 ,x has ?us lo/ its ar*ological value1 b has ga9$ an aspect ( ref9em5t want+ 9 works :]e ! col\r has be5 pres]v$ intact4 ,! "y woman :o has ?us left u h] portrait liv$ "u ! ,x,i,xth ,dyna/y1 at a "t :5 fa%ion impos$ enorm\s head-dresses & scanty clo?+ on its vot>ies4 ,an almo/ transp>5t l95 cov]s ! left %\ld]1 !n crosses ! *e/ & is knott$ "u ! "r armpit1 conceal+ ! re/ ( ! co/ume2 ! left h& is fre$ f x & clasps a lotus /em1 ! fl[] rea*+ to ! holl[ betwe5 ! brea/s4 ,! bu/ has n yet atta9$ its pl5itude1 b ! brea/s are well %ap$ & well sep>at$1 b s slight t !y sc>cely make any impression on ! l952 ! l9es ( ! arm1 %\ld]1 & neck indicate ?9ness4 ,! arti/ has well und]/ood ! *>act]i/ics ( ! dawn ( womanhood1 & ! discreet fa%ion 9 :i* he p]mits u to guess ! sl5d] grace b5ea? ! g>m5t is t ( a ma/] craftsman1 b x is 9 ! head & face t he %[s ! full measure ( 8 tal5t4 ,! head is fitt$ into a wig ( complicat$ /ructure :i* yields no?+ 9 size to ! maje/ic p]uke ( ,l\is ,,xiv4 ,a d\ble ribbon runn+ f ! =ehead to ! back ( ! neck divides ! hair into two equal masses1 :i* are !mselves divid$ into volutes ( little wav$ locks1 ea* =m$ ( two ?9 tresses1 twi/$ toge!r at ! extremity4 ,! :ole =ms a /iff heavy fabric :i*1 unskilfully int]pret$1 w\ld make ! piece ugly1 no matt] h[ successful 9 ! o!r p>ts4 ,our sculptor has made no *ange 9 ! g5]al arrangem5t--8 model w\ld n h p]mitt$ x--b he has adju/$ ! p>ts ) su* happy +5uity t ! mon/] wig1 in/ead ( ov]p[]+ ! face1 acts z a frame to x & sets x (f4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,mono ,,/atuette 7,,pr(ile74 ,x is ( ! pure/ ,egyptian type1 n ! heavy1 brutal type :i* pr$om9ates 9 ! ,memphian age & among ! fellahs to-day1 b an elegant ref9$ type ( :i* num]\s examples are provid$ by /atuettes ( all p]iods4 ,! =ehead appe>s to be r l[1 b we _c be sure if x 0 s by nature1 or if x is ! wig :i* conceals its height4 ,! eyes are long1 almond-%ap$1 slant+ t[>ds ! temple1 widely op5$4 ,! eyelids are drawn cle>ly1 almo/ %>ply1 & meet at an acute angle bo? at ! inn] corn] & at ! out] commissure4 ,! globe ( ! eye is r prom95t1 ! pupil 0 add$ ) ! bru%1 & a sort ( greyi% tone vaguely m>ks ! place4 ,! eyebr[s are a flatt5$ b[1 ?9 & regul>4 ,! nose is atta*$ to ! sup]cili>y arcade by a fairly acc5tuat$ curve2 x is /raight1 ?91 r\nd$ at ! end1 ) delicate no/rils4 ,! l[] "p ( ! face is ?ick-set1 & ( s firm a cut t ) age--if age ev] came--x w\ld h become h>d4 ,! lips are full1 ?ick1 edg$ ! :ole l5g?1 split 9 ! middle3 !y are press$ toge!r z if to keep back a smile4 ,! :ole face *anges 9 "* & almo/ 9 c5tury1 accord+ to ! angle f :i* x is look$ at4 ,se5 f ! front x is r\nd & full1 ) nei!r sup]abundance nor s(tness ( fle%3 x is ! little middle-class girl ( ,!bes1 pretty1 b common 9 =m & expression4 ,se5 f ! side betwe5 ! hang+ pieces ( ! wig1 z if betwe5 two long r+lets fall+ on ! %\ld]s1 x assumes a malici\s1 rogui% expression n ord9>ily usual 9 ,egyptian wom53 x might be "o ( our contempor>ies :o f caprice or coquetry _h put on ! anci5t coiffure4 ,:o 0 %e 9 h] lifetime1 & :at 0 h] "n8 ,! fragm5t :i* repres5ts h] 0 f\nd at ! bottom ( a fun]>y pit1 9 ! c\rt-y>d ( ! tomb ( ,m5na1 & ,m5na fl\ri%$ "u ! ,x,i,xth ,dyna/y4 ,0 %e "o ( 8 wives1 or daught]s1 or si/]s8 ,! inscription :i* might h told u is heav5 kn[s :]e1 & x w be a great piece ( good =tune if x is ev] f\nd4 ,,xx ,,! ,,lady ,,t\ ,,( ,,! ,,l\vre ,,& ,,egyptian ,,indu/rial ,,sculpture ,,9 ,,wood#hd ,! little lady ,t\1 :o ent]$ ! ,l\vre la/ ye>1 0 9 h] lifetime a s+] 9 ! s]vice ( ,amon4 ,! title gives rise to d\bt & sc>cely p]mits u to det]m9e to :at class ( society %e belong$4 ,! s+]s 9 ! s]vice ( ,amon 7 ( all ranks1 "s m>ri$1 o!rs free4 ,!y 7 all b\nd to s]ve ! god2 !y %ook be=e him ! si/rum t kept (f spirits1 or wield$ ! magic :ip1 ! monat1 ) :i* !y beat ! air to keep (f ) heavy bl[s ! evil be+s :o float$ invisible 9 x4 ,! mo/ humble 7 ( easy morals1 & ! s]ies ( lic5ti\s vignettes 9 ! ,tur9 ,museum leaves no room = d\bt reg>d+ ! k9d ( life !y l$4 ,!y 7 ! s]vants ( ! temple2 !y plac$ _! bodies at ! free disposal ( _! ma/] ,amon1 & :oev] address$ !m 9 8 "n w\ld n meet ) refusal4 ,9 ! ,grco-,roman p]iod ! high-prie/ *ose a "y girl ( r>e beauty f among ! ri*e/ & noble/ families ( ,!bes & solemnly d$icat$ h]4 ,%e became ! *ief s+]1 & %>$ ! life ( h] companions ( l[] orig9 z long z y\? la/$2 :5 %e 0 pa/ ! age ( *ild-be>+ %e retir$1 & an hon\rable m>riage all[$ h] to end h] days amid ! respect ( all4 ,! lady ,t\'s position seems to h be5 less curi\s4 ,! wives ( prie/s or ^? ( citiz5s affiliat$ to ! diff]5t bro!rhoods ( ,amon =m$ associations ( s+]s :o appe>$ 9 ! temples on days ( fe/ival or at ! h\rs fix$ = c]ta9 c]emonies3 !y only accept$ ! duty ( play+ ! si/rum or ( ply+ ! :ip1 leav+ to ! o!rs ! re/ ( ! function4 ,t\ d\btless _h a husb& & *ildr5 some:]e 9 ,!bes4 ,9 an ,egyptian tale#he ! h]o9e1 ,tb\b\1 daught] ( a prie/ ( ,ba/t1 replies to ! lov] :o is importun+ h]3 8,i am pure1 ,i am no wanton40 ,t\ might say ! same to u if1 tru/+ to h] title1 we confus$ h] ) ! common s++-girls1 :o yield$ _! bodies to all4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,lady ,,t\1 ,,/atuette ,,9 ,,wood4 ,! ,l\vre4 ,! /atuette t repres5ts h] may des]v$ly rank z "o ( ! be/ works :i* h rec5tly em]g$ f ,!ban soil4 ,%e /&s upright 9 ! hi]atical attitude ( repose1 "o foot 9 advance1 ! head fix$1 ! "r arm hang+ by h] side1 ! left arm across ! *e/1 hold+ ! sacr$ :ip1 ! monat1 fold$ up4 ,%e we>s ! c]emonial co/ume1 a long robe ) sleeves1 n>r[1 cross$ 9 front1 edg$ ) a heavy1 /iff fr+e1 a broad necklace r\nd ! neck2 on h] head ! imm5se wig fa%ionable among ! ,!bans 9 ! elev5? & t5? c5turies ,b4,c41 num]\s little tresses ga!r$ toge!r at ! ends into two or ?ree1 & f9i%$ (f ) tassels or little curls4 ,! effect 0 fairly ugly3 x l5t heav9ess to ! top ( ! figure1 dim9i%$ ! size ( ! face1 cramp$ ! neck1 conceal$ ! fall ( ! %\ld]s & ! rise ( ! brea/s1 broke ! equilibrium ( ! body4 ,b ! anonym\s arti/ :o made ! portrait ( ! lady ,t\ has d]iv$ an almo/ =tunate advantage f ?is deplorable head-dress3 he has treat$ x z a sort ( backgr\nd :i* sets (f ! face1 neck1 & *e/4 ,! lat]al tufts ( hair frame ! features )\t mak+ !m too heavy1 & ! close-fitt+ coif at ! top is plac$ on ! skull )\t appe>+ to cru% x4 ,! sl5d]1 heal?y =ms ( ! body are r5d]$ 9 rem>kable fa%ion1 & ! modell+ ( ! belly & legs %[s itself "u ! cl++ /uff ) a precision t is 9 no way brutal4 ,9 look+ at x we c]ta9ly recognize m ?an "o defect3 ! figure lacks suppl5ess & ! face expression2 ! wood is cut h>%ly & ) an almo/ pu]ile detail4 ,! :ole1 h[ev]1 pleases by "s indescribable simple & *a/e *>m3 ! ,l\vre 0 p]fectly "r to acquire x1 ev5 if m money 0 exp5d$ ?an is usual on ,egyptian objects ( su* small size4 ,its use is easy to det]m9e2 x is a m9iature /atue ( ! d\ble %ut up 9 ! tombs ( ! ,memphian p]iod4 ,a /atue 0 n )9 ! rea* ( ev]ybody3 only ! ri* c\ld procure "o1 & p ( mod]ate means 7 oblig$ to cont5t !mselves ) little figures ( less co/4 ,! population ( prie/s1 s]vants1 s++-girls1 heads ( ! works :o liv$ r\nd ! sanctu>y ( ,amon or 9 ! temples ( ! necropolis1 _h _m pret5sions to luxury ) sl5d] res\rces3 _! tombs are fill$ ) objects :i* pret5d to be :at !y are n1 & v]itably deceive ! eye1 de/9$ to give ! dead ! illusion ( opul5ce2 massive wood5 vases pa9t$ to repres5t alaba/] or granite vases1 r+s & jewels 9 glass or enamel t appe> to be gold r+s & jewels1 furniture 9 common wood1 v>ni%$1 speckl$1 ve9$1 to simulate furniture 9 r>e woods4 ,! lady ,t\ belong$ to t half-ne$y class1 & _h to sub/itute /atuettes ( c>v$ & poli%$ wood = lime/one or s&/one /atues4 ,all ! museums 9 ,europe h simil> ones1 & ?r\gh ,*ampollion1 ! ,l\vre possess$ ! lady ,na1#hf :o su/a9s comp>ison v well ) h] new comrade4 ,egyptian sculptors _h acquir$ v]itable ma/]y 9 ?is subord9ate =m ( sculpture1 & !re are pieces ( s+ul> *>m among ^? t h rea*$ u4 ,take1 = in/ance1 ! little girl & ! woman ,i h *os5 almo/ at haz>d 9 "o ( ! cases ( ! ,tur9 ,museum4 ,! little girl is /&+1 "o foot 9 advance1 ! arms hang+ d[n1 nak$ accord+ to ! cu/om ( ,egyptian *ildr51 ) a necklace1 & a belt :i* loosely surr\nds ! lo9s1 %ort plait$ hair ) a tress fall+ ov] ! e>s4 ,! mat]ial is less preci\s ?an ) ! lady ,t\1 & ! "w less ?or\gh1 b has ! slim delicacy ( a little ,egyptian girl ( eight or t5 ye>s old ev] be5 bett] express$8 ,x is an exact portrait1 9 co/ume & figure1 ( ! little ,nubian girls ( ! ,cat>act be=e ! age ( pub]ty obliges !m to we> clo!s2 x is _! ?9 *e/1 sl5d] hips1 cle>ly cut1 delicate ?igh1 _! be>+1 hesitat+ & bold at ! same "t1 ! rogui% expression ( _! features4 ,illu/ration3 ,,/atuette ,,9 ,,wood4 ,tur9 ,museum4 ,illu/ration3 ,,/atuette ,,9 ,,wood4 ,tur9 ,museum4 ,! o!r /atuette repres5ts a well-develop$ woman /&+ on a r\nd p$e/al )\t a scrap ( clo?+ or veil1 b v pr\d ( h] head-dress1 & especially ( h] big e>r+s4 ,%e t\*es ! "r "o ) h] h& & makes x /& out a little 9 ord] to %[ x1 or to assure h]self t ! jewel is v becom+2 ! head is big1 ! %\ld]s ?91 ! *e/ n>r[1 & ! sculptor 0 emb>rass$ to r5d] ! movem5t ( ! arms2 b ! eyes are s wide op51 ! smile s cont5t$1 ! expression ( ! :ole s intellig5t1 t we c easily excuse t defect4 ,m5 7 z well treat$ z wom5 by ?is art fo/]$ by p]sons ( small means4 ,scribes ( subord9ate rank1 old retir$ (fic]s1 retail m]*ants1 or m5 at ! head ( small indu/rial conc]ns1 all ( :om sw>m$ 9 ! poor] qu>t]s1 felt z /rongly z _! wives1 9 default ( ! /one /atue1 ! ne$ ( acquir+ a wood5 image :i* w\ld %[ :at !y _h be5 l 9 _! lifetime4 ,!re 7 z _m arti/s z !y wi%$ to model !m 9 ! attitude !y pref]r$1 9 _! ev]yday co/ume or 9 t ( fte-days1 be>+ & lik5ess gu>ante$4 ,^? f\nd 9 ! tombs 9 ! e>ly ye>s ( ! n9ete5? c5tury =m a v]itable gall]y1 mo/ v>i$ & curi\s1 ( ! diff]5t types prevail+ f ! ?irte5? to ! n9? c5tury ,b4,c4 9 ,!bes & its environs among ! l[] middle-class4#hg ,"s _h be5 soldi]s1 & we> ! light petticoat bulg+ at ! wai/ ( ! ,egyptian foot-soldi]2 o!rs _h sp5t _! lives scribbl+ 9 a ,gov]nm5t (fice2 ! great] numb] belong$ to "o ( ! fun]>y pr(essions1 gu>dians ( mummies1 decorators ( hypogeums1 hew]s ( tombs1 sacri/ans or prie/s ( a l[ ord] employ$ 9 ! m9or (fices ( burials or commemorative rites4 ,!y pr\dly exhibit _! insignia3 !y c>ry long /aves cr[n$ ) sacr$ emblems--! human head ( ,ha?or1 ! hawk's beak ( ,horus--& ev]y?+ 9 _! attitude betrays ! pride & satisfaction ( kn[+ !mselves s f9e & s important4 ,_! be>+ reveals :at ! inscriptions usually plac$ on ! p$e/al ( _! /atuettes confirm3 8,x is ,i1 ,khbokhni1 ! ,s]vant ( ! #8,true' ,place10 he :o p\r$ ! libations1 or :o1 at ! canonical h\rs1 di/ribut$ a portion ( bread1 fl[]s1 & fruits to ea* ( ! dead entru/$ to 8 c>e4 ,! ,egyptians 7 admirable 9 obs]vation & full ( satirical hum\r3 ,i w\ld n swe> t1 9 impress+ ?is "* ( nave vanity on _! works1 ! sculptors 7 n yield+ to ! temptation ( discreetly amus+ !mselves at ! exp5se ( _! sitt]s4 ,/udy ( ^! small monum5ts is too mu* neglect$4 ,by consid]+ ! colossi ( granite or s&/one1 ! h]oic /atues & ! c]emonial gr\ps1 we are incl9$ to recognize only qualities ( gr&eur & immobile maje/y 9 ,egyptian art2 ! wood5 /atuettes %[ h[1 on occasion1 x c\ld display *>m & wit4 ,mo/ ( !m are ! products ( *ance1 comm]cial pieces1 prep>$ 9 advance = ! ne$s ( cu/om]s1 ( :i* a l>ge assortm5t 0 always kept 9 res]ve4 ,! family desir+ to (f] "o to "o ( its dead came to get x at ! faire/ price1 & some?+ 0 sold1 m or less well done accord+ to ! sum t 0 sp5t2 ! *oice be+ made1 ! piece 0 adapt$ to its def9itive de/9ation by engrav+ on ! p$e/al1 or on ! back1 ! names :i* trans=m$ ! anonym\s doll into a body = ! d\ble ( a p>ticul> individual4 ,!y 7 artisans :o sculptur$ ^! images1 or r manufactur$ !m = ! und]tak]s ( fun]als4 ,_! education 0 s complete & _! h& s practis$ t !y r>ely fell v l[2 _! av]age productions are ( hone/ composition & suffici5tly true 9 feel+4 ,:5 !y 7 giv5 en\gh "t or commission$ to take great c>e ) a piece ( "w1 ^? :o comb9$ natural tal5t ) ! r\t9e ( _! craft produc$ "w ( real value--! /atuettes ( ! lady ,t\1 ( ! little girl & ! woman 9 ! ,tur9 ,museum1 & _m o!rs hidd5 f ! public 9 ! cupbo>ds ( our museums4 ,,xxi ,,"s ,,p]fume ,,ladles ,,( ,,! ,,xviii? ,,dyna/y 7,! ,l\vre7 ,x is n )\t reason t ^! objects are call$ p]fume ladles4 ,! ,egyptians us$ !m1 9 fact1 = mak+ ei!r ess5ces1 pomades1 or ! v>i\s col\r$ pigm5ts ) :i* bo? m5 & wom5 pa9t$ ! *eeks1 lips1 eyelids & und]nea? ! eyes1 ! nails & palms ( ! h&4 ,! =m & decoration v>y 9 accordance ) ! epo*s4 ,at ! "t ( ! ,ramessides1 betwe5 ! f\rte5? & twelf? c5turies ,b4,c41 fa%ion introduc$ ,syrian manufactures into ,egypt2 lat]1 "u ! ,buba/is & "u ! ,e?iopian k+s ( ! ,x,x,vth ,dyna/y1 "s ,*aldan or ,n9evite manufactures came 94 ,! five ladles illu/rat$ "h are purely ,egyptian 9 orig9 & /yle4 ,! designs 7 g5]ally borr[$ f ! fauna & flora ( ! valley4 ,! fir/ has by way ( h&le a "y girl lo/ among ! lotuses1 :o is ga!r+ a bud2 a tuft ( /ems f :i* two full-bl[n fl[]s escape atta* ! h&le to ! b[l1 ! oval ( :i* has its r\nd$ "p outside & ! po9t inside4 ,9 ! second1 ! "y girl is fram$ by two /ems ( lotus fl[]s & papyrus1 & walks along play+ a long-h&l$ guit>4 ,! next ladle sub/itutes a be>] ( (f]+s = ! musician1 & ! f\r? has ! musician /&+ on a boat sail+ among ! re$s4 ,! la/ takes ! =m ( a slave1 half b5t "u an enorm\s sack4 ,no?+ c\ld be bett] ?an ! g5]al design ( ! decoration4 ,! artisans br\ght z mu* consci5ce & skill to its execution z ! sculptors gave to _! colossal /atues4 ,! physiognomy & age ( ! f\r "y girls are well *>act]iz$4 ,! girl :o plucks ! lotuses is an +nue3 t /ate is %[n by h] c>efully plait$ hair & h] pleat$ skirt4 ,!ban ladies wore long skirts1 & ?is is only turn$ up high to facilitate walk+ among ! re$s )\t soil+ its edges4 ,! two musicians1 on ! contr>y1 belong to ! l[] class2 "o has only a belt r\nd h] hips1 ! o!r a %ort petticoat1 c>elessly fa/5$4 ,! be>] ( (f]+s has ! tress ( hair fall+ ov] ! e>1 z 0 ! cu/om ) *ildr51 & h] belt is h] sole g>m5t4 ,%e is "o ( ! sl5d]1 slim "y girls ( :om _m may be se5 among ! fellahs on ! banks ( ! ,nile1 & h] nudity does n prev5t h] f belong+ to a respectable family3 *ildr5 ( bo? sexes only began to we> clo!s at ! age ( pub]ty4 ,la/ly1 ! slave1 ) 8 ?ick lips1 flatt5$ nose1 be/ial jaw1 l[ =ehead1 sug>-loaf head1 is evid5tly a c>icature ( a =eign prison]2 ! bruti%1 consci5ti\s way 9 :i* he lifts 8 heavy burd51 ! angul> prom95ces ( ! body1 ! type ( ! head1 ! arrangem5t ( ! diff]5t p>ts1 rem9d u ( ! g5]al aspect ( "s t]ra-cotta grotesques t come f ,asia ,m9or4 ,illu/ration3 ,,p]fume ,,ladle4 ,! ,l\vre4 ,illu/ration3 ,,p]fume ,,ladle4 ,! ,l\vre4 ,all ! details ( nature gr\p$ r\nd & fram+ ! pr9cipal subject1 ! exact =m ( ! fl[]s & leaves1 ! species ( ! birds1 are v accurate1 & sometimes betray wit4 ,( ! ?ree ducks t ! be>] ( (f]+s has ti$ by _! claws1 & :i* hang ov] h] arm1 two are resign$ to _! fate & g sw++ along1 ! neck /ret*$ out1 ! eye wide op52 ! ?ird lifts its head up & flutt]s its w+s4 ,! two wat]-f[l p]*$ on ! lotuses li/5 at ease1 ! beaks on _! crops1 to ! lute-play] :o is pass+ ne> !m2 exp]i5ce has taught !m t !y ne$ n di/urb !mselves = songs1 & t a "y girl is only to be fe>$ if %e is arm$4 ,9 ! bas-reliefs1 ! sight ( a b[ or a boom]ang ?r[s !m into confusion1 j z to-day t ( a gun scatt]s ! cr[s4 ,! ,egyptians knew ! habits ( ! animals :o liv$ 9 _! l&1 & took pleasure 9 m9utely obs]v+ !m4 ,obs]vation became in/9ctive ) !m1 & !y gave a /rik+ air ( reality to ! lea/ ( _! productions4 ,! b[l ( ! ladles is g5]ally oval4 ,x is edg$ by a runn+ decoration betwe5 two l9es1 a wav+ l9e1 or a m or less acc5tuat$ d5ticulation4 ,! cavity made 9 ! slave's burd5 is ( irregul> %ape1 & ! ?ick bord] is decorat$ ) lightly c>v$ fl[]s & foliage4 ,x 0 a p]fume box r ?an a ladle1 = ! little hole 9 ! l[] "p1 ne> ! prison]'s %\ld]1 held ! h+e ( ! lid1 n[ lo/4 ,! fif? ladle is 9 ! %ape ( a quadrangul> tr\gh4 ,! bottom1 set 9 f\r rectangul> m\ld+s1 is cov]$ ) wav+ l9es simulat+ wat]2 ! edges repres5t ! banks ( ! lake & are cov]$ ) aquatic sc5es4 ,on ! "r1 amid ! fl[]s & lotus buds1 a little p]sonage is cat*+ birds ) a net2 on ! left1 ano!r is fi%+ f a boat4 ,!y are bo? summ>ily indicat$1 b are n ! less full ( life4 ,x is a m9iature reproduction on a wood5 ladle ( ! great sc5es ( fi%+ & bird-cat*+ :i* are pa9t$ 9 ! tombs & ! temples4 ,illu/ration3 ,,p]fume ,,ladle4 ,! ,l\vre4 ,illu/ration3 ,,p]fume ,,ladle4 ,! ,l\vre4 ,! objects are 9 wond]ful pres]vation4 ,a lid is lo/1 a lotus bran* is brok5 beh9d ! girl :o is ga!r+ fl[]s1 "o ( ! feet ( ! be>] ( (f]+s is miss+4 ,o!rwise !y are intact1 & might h j come f ! h&s ( ! craftsman4 ,! wood is ( a v f9e gra91 m>vell\sly adapt$ to ! ne$s ( ! *isel4 ,x has nev] be5 pa9t$1 b has become d>k5$ ) "t4 ,! orig9al col\r mu/ h be5 ! gold5 yell[ se5 9 ! cracks ( "s pieces ( ?9 wood f\nd 9 ! tombs4 ,none ( ! ladles %[ any signs ( we>3 !y seem to h be5 deposit$ new 9 ! tomb ne> ! dead p]son1 :o pres]v$ !m new until our day4 ,l ! re/ ( ! fun]>y equipm5t1 !y 7 int5d$ = use 9 ! o!r _w4 ,! li/s ( (f]+s m5tion antimony p[d] & gre5 pa9t among ! ?+s s5t to ! d\ble on fe/ival days3 ! p]fume ladles & boxes 7 z necess>y 9 ! tomb z !y _h be5 on e>?4 ,i d n ?9k t any survive :i* we c ) c]ta9ty attribute to ! "t ( ! ,pyramids3 b ! bas-reliefs ( ! ,memphian tombs %[ u ! jo9]s at "w1 & d n all[ u to d\bt t ! trade 9 small wood5 objects 0 v fl\ri%+ at t p]iod4 ,"u ! great ,!ban ,dyna/ies1 ,egypt export$ !m by ?\s&s2 imitat$ 9 ,phnicia1 or ev5 transport$ directly by ! ,phnicians to ! ,m$it]ranean coa/s1 !y transmitt$ ! =ms ( ,ori5tal art to ! ,we/4 ,x is probable t ,!ban production--! only "o kn[n to u by dat$ monum5ts f\nd 9 ! tombs--entirely ceas$1 or at lea/ became almo/ insignificant1 :5 ! greatness ( ,!bes decl9$ f ! t5? c5tury ,b4,c4 ,!y 7 /ill manufactur$ at ,memphis & 9 ! important cities ( ! ,delta until ! ,ptolemies & ! ,cs>s4 ,rec5t specim5s are some:at r>e1 & pres5t consid]able diff]5ces f ^? ( ,!ban manufacture4 ,z x 0 exactly ?is ,memphian art t almo/ exclusively suppli$ ! ,phnician m>ket f ! "t ( ,%e%onq1 x is vex+ t examples are n m abundant3 z we d n possess suffici5t1 we _c accurately judge :at _! influ5ce 0 on ! arts ( ! ,m$it]ranean4 ,! five objects ,i h be5 discuss+ come f ! ,salt collection4 ,! ,!ban tombs :]e !y 7 f\nd 7 exploit$ & empti$ at ! beg9n+ ( ! n9ete5? c5tury by collectors & deal]s2 x is difficult to f9d any l !m 9 ,egypt n[1 & ^? t are discov]$ are v inf]ior to ^! 9 delicacy & quality4 ,illu/ration3 ,,p]fume ,,ladle4 ,! ,l\vre4 ,,xxii ,,"s ,,gre5 ,,basalt ,,/atuettes ,,( ,,! ,,sa,,te ,,p]iod ,^! /atuettes 7 cut 9 gre5i% basalt ( f9e gra91 lov$ by ! arti/s ( ! ,new ,empire & ! ,sate ,p]iod above all o!r /ones4 ,!y =m$ "p ( ! ,salt collection1 & are n[ exhibit$ 9 ! ,l\vre4 ,! fir/ repres5ts a ,ph>aoh1 z is prov$ by ! s]p5t t rises above 8 =ehead & ! hawk's head t t]m9ates ! dagg] pass$ ?r\gh 8 belt4 ,he is /&+1 & walk+ quickly1 ! head erect on 8 %\ld]s1 & slightly b5t =w>d 9 ! attitude ( a man :o is look+ att5tively at ! po9t t[>ds :i* he is go+2 ! arms are n deta*$ f ! body1 & hang d[n along ! bu/ & ! ?igh4 ,! composition is excell5t1 highly f9i%$ 9 spite ( ! h>dness ( ! mat]ial1 & ! detail is r5d]$ z freely z on ! colossi ( ! ,!ban ,p]iod4 ,! face has a p>ticul> "* :i* /ruck ,egyptologi/s long s9ce2 x is %ort1 wide at ! height ( ! eyes1 r\nd$ at ! bottom4 ,! eye is long1 prom95t1 surm\nt$ by /rong curv$ eyebr[s1 m>k$ :]e !y jo9 on ! =ehead by two deep v]tical furr[s4 ,! nose is aquil9e1 %ort1 ?ick at ! end1 flank$ by two no/rils ! outside walls ( :i* seem to be some:at ?94 ,! m\? is widely op5$ & protrudes2 full lips1 %ort *9 rec$+ a little "u ! %ad[ ( ! lips4 ,on 8 return f 8 j\rney 9 ,egypt1 ,m4 de ,r\g 0 /ruck by ! resemblance ( ?is /atuette1 till !n ly+ =gott5 9 ! corn] ( a cupbo>d1 ) ! portraits ( ! ,%eph]d ,k+s discov]$ at ,sn by ,m>iette4 ,dvria clev]ly reproduc$ x 9 two plates 9 ! ,revue ar*ologique4#hh ,he ass]t$ :at ,m4 de ,r\g _h admitt$ z a m]e hypo!sis3 t x 0 ! portrait ( a ,%eph]d ,k+1 & t x belong$ to ! di/urb$ p]iod :i* imm$iately prec$$ ! ,x,v,i,i,ith ,dyna/y4 ,i mu/ confess t ^! conclusions d n appe> to me to be s\nd4 ,! long li/ ( ,ph>aohs includes _m sov]eigns ^: faces pres5t *>act]i/ics v diff]5t f ^? usually attribut$ to ! ,egyptian race1 & yet :o1 all ! same1 7 ,egyptians born & br$4 ,)\t ent]+ into ! discussion1 ,i w cont5t myself ) say+ t sev]al ( ^? :o reign$ at p]iods relatively late1 ,tah>qa 7,x,x,vth ,dyna/y7 or ,hakori 7,x,x,i,xth ,dyna/y7 = example1 be> a s+ul> lik5ess to ! sov]eign ( our /atuette 9 ! /ructure & expression ( ! face4 ,i _c be c]ta9 "h t x is a "q ( "o ( !m1 b ! g5]al composition rem9ds me ( ! /yle ( ! ,sate ,p]iod m ?an ( t ( ! ,!ban4 ,)\t ass]t+ any?+1 ,i am incl9$ to believe t our ,ph>aoh liv$ 9 ! la/ c5turies ( ,egyptian indep5d5ce4 ,illu/ration3 ,,gre5 ,,basalt ,,/atuettes ,,( ,,! ,,sa,,te ,,p]iod4 ,! ,l\vre4 ,! second fragm5t is evid5tly ,sate2 ! some:at h>% precision ( ! modell+1 ! heav9ess ( ! head-dress1 ! r\ndness ( %\ld]s & *e/1 suffici5tly prove x4 ,x is brok5 too high up = u to det]m9e if x belong$ to a /&+ /atue l ! ,ph>aoh1 or a cr\*+ figure l ! ?ird monum5t4 ,x is a p]fect type ( ! middle-class ,egyptian1 develop$ 9 wid? r ?an 9 height4 ,! %\ld]s are s(t & flabby2 ! smil+ insignificance ( ! features1 ! s9k+ d[n ( ! trunk on ! hips & ! head on ! %\ld]s1 are j :at we %\ld expect 9 "o ( ! scribes :o l$ s$5t>y lives 9 (fices1 amid piles ( docum5ts1 ( :om "s bas-reliefs exagg]ate ! obesity ) an evid5t int5tion ( c>icature4 ,! inscription engrav$ on ! base tells u t he 0 nam$ ,a1 son ( ,hapi1 & t besides 8 sac]dotal functions he possess$ ! dignity ( director ( ! two /ore-h\ses ( ! money4 ,! ,tur9 papyrus in=ms u ( ! nature ( 8 (fice4 ,! f9ancial sy/em ( ,egypt re/$ on an entirely diff]5t pr9ciple f ours3 co9s n be+ yet inv5t$1 or only lately come into use at ! ,sate ,p]iod1 ! paym5t ( taxes & ( ! (ficials1 ! transactions ( ! ,/ate ) private individuals1 or ( private individuals ) ea* o!r1 7 valu$ & settl$ 9 k9d4 ,e ,egyptian ow$ ! ,treasury1 accord+ to 8 pr(ession & 8 =tune1 s _m fi% if he 0 a fi%]man1 s _m bu%els ( gra9 or head ( cattle if he 0 an agriculturi/2 ! :ole 0 duly receiv$1 regi/]$1 & /or$ by scribes :o1 9 _! turn1 put aside = ! ,ph>aoh :at w\ld keep1 & us$ :at 0 p]i%able = ! daily disbursem5ts4 ,silv] & gold 7 articles ( ex*ange 9 ! same way z /uffs or ox52 ,ph>aoh br\ght !m back 9 quantities f 8 exp$itions abroad1 & receiv$ !m f 8 subjects z ! equival5t ( _! %>e ( ! tax4 ,gold & silv] circulat$ 9 p[d]1 9 sa*ets t conta9$ a def9ite weight1 9 ?9 r+s1 9 ! =m ( c\*ant ox51 ( half-ox51 ( ox or gazelle heads1 ( j>s full or empty1 9 curi\s %apes t g5]ally 7 ( no use 9 daily life1 & :i* consequ5tly 7 only1 9 spite ( _! arti/ic value1 a sort ( metallic res]ve = ! ri*4 ,! two /ore-h\ses or ! d\ble h\se ( ! money =m$ ! treasury 9 :i* ,ph>aoh /or$ ! quantities ( gold & silv] t belong$ to him3 tak+ into acc\nt ! value atta*$ to ^! metals1 ! directors ( ^! e/abli%m5ts mu/ h occupi$ a fairly high rank 9 ! ,egyptian hi]>*y4 ,b = all t1 we mu/ n take ! manuscript spread ov] ,a's knees & t he is att5tively read+ = an acc\nt-book1 or a docum5t relat+ to 8 bus9ess4 ,! portion ( ! scroll t he holds 9 8 "r h&1 plac$ flat on 8 knees1 is divid$ into v]tical columns1 :i*1 cut by horizontal l9es1 pres5ts a sort ( *equ]$ surface1 ! squ>es ( :i* are n all ( ! same size4 ,ea* ( ! l>g] ones conta9s ! "n ( an object1 & ea* ( ! small] a numb]4 ,x is ! li/ ( ! gifts compos+ ! banquet (f]$ to ! dead p]son on ! day ( burial & dur+ ! fun]al c]emonies4 ,9 ! tombs bo? ( ! ,anci5t & ! ,new ,empire x is highly develop$1 & comprises ! mo/ v>i$ mat]ials3 cle> or col\r$ wat]s1 be]s ( diff]5t k9ds1 w9es ( f\r v9tages1 sev5 or n9e ( ! *oice pieces ( ! victim1 cakes ( all sorts1 ess5ces1 cosmetics1 /uffs4 ,on ! scroll ( our scribe :]e ! space 0 re/rict$ ! li/ is %ort5$1 & we only f9d ! actual necessities3 wat]1 be]1 "s meat1 a little p]fume4 ,x is to t ( ! tombs :at ! usual d9n] ( a middle-class family is to ! c]emonial banquet ( a noble2 nev]!less1 our scribe reads x ) evid5t satisfaction3 x is ! m5u ( 8 meals = et]nity1 &1 h[ev] scanty o!rs may deem x1 he probably consid]s x m pleasurable ?an t ( 8 t]re/rial d9n]s4 ,we h "h ! natural developm5t ( ! ideas t ! ,egyptians _h ( ! o!r _w4 ,f ! mom5t t ! d\ble 0 to fe$ mat]ially1 !y s\ght to assure x ! food ( :i* x _h ne$4 ,! =mulas ( ! /el :i* m5tion bread1 w9e1 meat1 deciph]$ by ! fir/ com]1 secur$ ! provision+ ( ! d\ble2 all t _h be5 desir$ = him 9 recit+ x w\ld be assur$ him 9 ! o!r _w by virtue ( ! magic words4 ,= lack ( a pass]-by to accompli% ?is pi\s duty1 x occurr$ to !m to place /atues 9 ! tomb :i* seem$ to repeat = ev] a writt5 li/ held on _! knees2 ?is simulation ( a p]petual read+ 0 m ?an suffici5t to n\ri% = ev] ! simulacrum ( a man4 ,"h1 x is ! defunct himself :o r5d]s himself ?is good (fice2 else:]e x is a fri5d1 a scribe1 a fav\rite s]vant4 ,! /udy ( ^! ?ree little monum5ts br+s out v happily "o ( ! qualities ( ,egyptian art3 ! skill ) :i* ! lea/ ( arti/s1 9 reproduc+ 9 a sometimes reali/ic mann] ! portrait ( individuals1 und]/ood h[ to seize ! physiognomy & be>+ *>act]i/ic ( _! craft or ( _! social rank4 ,comp>e ! submissive & %eepi% face ( ! cr\*+ scribe ) ! bold c>riage & imp]i\s head ( ! ,ph>aoh3 ! contra/ is /rik+4 ,) ! scribe1 all ! muscles are relax$2 ! :ole body is b5t1 z ) a man accu/om$ to obey & resign$ to endure ev]y?+ f 8 sup]iors4 ,) ! ,ph>aoh1 ! modell+ is firm1 ! figure upright1 ! mi5 haughty2 we feel t "h is a p]son accu/om$ f *ildhood to walk upright 9 ! mid/ ( b[$ backs4 ,x is un=tunate t ! leg5d has disappe>$ ) ! l[] "p ( ! second /atuette2 comp>+ x ) sev]al o!r monum5ts 9 ! ,l\vre1 x rem9ds me ( sev]al prie/s ( ! ,sate ,p]iod4 ,! h>dness 9 ! eye & ! corn]s ( ! lips is ! same1 ! same furr[ surr\nds ! no/ril & ! m\?1 ! out] walls ( ! nose are compress$ 9 a simil> fa%ion2 9 spite ( ! loss ( ! "n & titles1 ,i am tempt$ to ?9k t ! individual :o be>s on 8 face 9 s high a degree ! peculi>ities ( ! ,egyptian prie/ belong$ to ! sac]dotal ca/e4 ,,xxiii ,a ,,f9d ,,( ,,sa,,te ,,jewels ,,at ,,saqq>ah#hi ,z soon z ,i return$ to my old po/1 ,i resum$ ! excavations ( ! pyramids at ! po9t :]e ,i _h left !m 9 #ahhf4 ,i _h !n made a sy/ematic se>* ( ! entrance into ! fun]>y vaults3 x 0 n[ necess>y to seek out ! ext]ior *apels1 ! caves1 ! second>y pyramids or ! ma/abas1 :i*1 %ut 9 by a wall$ enclosure1 complet$ ! burial-place4 ,at ! end ( ,novemb]1 #ahii1 ,i plac$ workm5 r\nd ,ounas1 & z ,i f\nd x impossible to direct ! op]ations myself ) ! requisite c>e1 ,i entru/$ ! surveillance ( !m to ,m4 ,alex&re ,b>santi1 ! curator-re/or] ( ! ,museum1 ) detail$ in/ructions4 ,! campaign !n begun 0 only end$ 9 ! la/ days ( ,may1 #aijj1 & ! acc\nt ( x w be publi%$ else:]e4 ,i n[ wi% to draw ! att5tion ( amateurs & s*ol>s to ! discov]y ( a mass ( ,sate jewels4 ,! progress ( ! cle>+ away reveal$ ! exi/5ce ( a s]ies ( intact tombs at ! s\? ( ! pyramid4 ,! la/ ( ^? t _h be5 op5$ belong$ to a v high p]sonage nam$ ,zannehib\1 9 8 lifetime comm&ant ( ! k+'s boats4 ,! mummy1 a block ( %9+ bitum51 0 at once recognis$ z a v ri* "o4 ,at ! height ( ! face x _h a l>ge gold mask :i* fitt$ on ! front "p ( ! head l ! c>tonnage case usual ) mummies ( ! second ,sate ,p]iod4 ,x _h a broad necklace r\nd its neck ( beads ( gold & ( gre5 felsp> or ( lapis lazuli m\nt$ ) gold ?read1 & fa/5$ to x 7 num]\s amulets1 also ( gold4 ,bel[ ! necklace1 on ! *e/1 an image ( ! goddess ,n\t1 9 gold1 spread its w+s4 ,a network ( gold & felsp> hung d[n to ! hip1 & f ! image ( ! ,n\t to ! ankles might be read1 on a long b& ( gold-leaf1 ! usual inscriptions 9 relief3 ! "n ( ! dead man1 8 filiation1 ) %ort =mulas ( pray]4 ,two gold figures ( ,isis & ,neph?ys 7 sewn on ! *e/1 two leaves ( gold cut z s&als 7 fitt$ to ! soles ( ! feet2 a silv] plaque ) a l9e engrav+ ( a my/ic eye = ! incision :5ce ! entrails _h be5 extract$1 gold cases = ! tw5ty f+]s & toes1 complet$ ?is magnific5t decoration4 ,ev]y?+ t ) ! l[] classes ( ! same p]iod w\ld h be5 9 c>dbo>d1 or gild$ pa/e1 or enamell$ clay1 0 pure gold & f9e /ones ) ,zannehib\4 ,! f9d1 e/imat$ by weight alone1 w\ld be valuable1 b :at gave x ine/imable wor? 0 ! delicate & arti/ic workman%ip ( ! great] numb] ( ! objects4 ,a few ( !m1 l ! s&als & ! f+]-cases1 are only wor? ! raw metal2 ! re/ are ! "w ( v]itable arti/s4 ,! inscriptions ( ! legs1 ! w+$ ,n\t1 ! ,isis & ! ,neph?ys1 ! mask1 are /amp$1 & al?\gh ! mask & ! two goddesses 7 mis]ably cru%$ by ! lid :5 ! s>cophagus 0 clos$1 ! m\ld ( h>d /one :i* 0 us$ to fix !m 0 s delicately cut t ! be/-pres]v$ pieces1 ! w+$ ,n\t1 = in/ance1 may be quot$ z ! highe/ degree ( p]fection t c\ld be atta9$ by t process4 ,! amulet 9 %ape ( a necklace is only a leaf cut ) ! *isel1 on :i* a *apt] ( ! 8,book ( ! ,dead0 is engrav$ ) ! grav+ ne$le4 ,! vulture amulet is a small1 ?9 plaque1 on "o side ( :i* ! /amp$ figure ( a vulture ) spread w+s has be5 /uck1 :ile on ! o!r ! *apt] ( ! 8,book ( ! ,dead0 has be5 engrav$1 z ) ! necklace4 ,x is all ( good workman%ip1 b 9 ! amulets hang+ on ! real necklace ( ! mummy ! goldsmi? has surpass$ himself4 ,illu/ration3 ,,necklace ,,amulet4 ,,vulture ,,amulet4 ,illu/ration3 ,,gold ,,palm-,,tree4 ,,boat ,,( ,,sok>is4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ram',s ,,head4 ,,gold ,,hawk4 ,,hawk ,,) ,,human ,,head4 ,,hawk ,,) ,,ram',s ,,head4 ,illu/ration3 ,,vulture4 ,,isis ,,) ,,! ,,*ild4 ,,cr\*+ ,,ne,,?4 ,!y are extraord9>ily small1 & 9 ord] to %[ ! detail ,i h _h ! illu/rations made twice ! actual size1 a proce$+ t weak5s ! cont\rs & ! modell+4 ,to realize _! beauty x is necess>y to h held !m 9 ! h&4 ,! palm-tree1 :i* has lo/ "s leaves1 is a unique object1 m curi\s ?an elegant1 b ! my/ic boat :i* is beside x1 unique also s f>1 is a prodigy ( delicate *isell+4 ,x is ! boat ( ! god ,sok>is1 a boat ( mo/ ar*aic con/ruction1 & :i* 0 already us$ = ! accompli%m5t ( ! sacr$ rites "u ! ,?9ite ,dyna/y4 ,! belly is broad & r\nd1 ! /]n r heavy1 b ! b[s v light & mu* decorat$4 ,x re/s on a sort ( side-ladd] ( beams & ropes1 :i* is itself built on to a sl$ge3 x 0 pull$ along 9 ! public c]emonies by means ( a rope put ?r\gh a hole made 9 ! curv$ front ( ! sl$ge4 ,! decoration & ! equipage are mo/ curi\s4 ,on ! b[ is a gazelle's head ) /raight horns turn$ to ! int]ior1 & along ! pr[ a r[ ( div]g5t plates ( ?9 metal1 ! use ( :i* is n v cle>3 x is z if ! c>case ( ! gazelle 0 op5$ & %[$ ! ribs fix$ on ! sp9e4 ,at ! back1 to t]m9ate ! poop1 !re is a ram's head ) curv$ horns4 ,9 ! middle1 on an oblong rectangul> p$e/al1 a hawk pr\dly p]*es2 beh9d him are ! f\r o>-rudd]s1 two on ea* side2 9 front ( him six little hawks asc5d 9 procession1 two by two1 t[>ds ! gazelle's head1 l$ by a ,nile fi% plac$ edgeways on its v5tral f94 ,= ! mom5t ,i w n attempt to expla9 ! mean+ ( ^! emblems1 b :at we c nev] gr[ tir$ ( admir+ is ! clev]ness ) :i* ! craftsman has gr\p$ ^! widely diff]+ elem5ts into an h>moni\s :ole1 & especially ! extraord9>y skill ) :i* he work$ 8 metal4 ,8 gazelle's head1 a m]e fraction ( an in* 9 size1 is ( z pr\d a be>+ z if x 7 ( natural size3 ev]y?+ is exact1 intellig5t2 ! curve ( ! =ehead1 ! flatt5+ ( ! sn\t1 ! expression ( ! face1 ev5 to ! natural p\t ( ! creature4 ,ea* ( ! six hawks pres]ves its individual physiognomy1 & ! fi% itself1 r$uc$ 9 size z x is1 has ! exact %ape ( ! big ,nile p]*1 & n t ( any sort ( fi%4 ,simil> qualities are to be se5 9 ! neighb\r+ pieces1 9 ! ram's head1 ! ord9>y hawk1 ! hawk ) a human head1 & t ) a ram's head1 & 9 ! vulture4 ,! seat$ ,isis :o nurses h] *ild on h] lap & ! cr\*+ ,ne? h _! usual *>act]i/ics ( resignation & g5tl5ess1 & at ! same "t ! simplicity ( l9e t l5ds s dignifi$ an air to ! smalle/ ,egyptian figures4 ,x has all be5 *isell$ out ( ! +ot itself1 & ! detail cut ) s m9ute a po9t t we ask :]e ! artisan c\ld h obta9$ x4 ,illu/ration3 ,,monkeys ,,wor%ipp+ ,,! ,,emblem ,,( ,,osiris4 ,illu/ration3 ,,vulture ,,) ,,ext5d$ ,,w+s4 ,,hawk ,,) ,,ext5d$ ,,w+s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,s\l 7,,front ,,view74 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,s\l 7,,back ,,view74 ,t9y lions addors$ or c\*ant1 t9y my/ic eyes1 t9y monkeys wor%ipp+ ! emblem ( ,osiris1 t9y vultures1 & t9y hawks ext5d+ _! w+s1 ea* piece claims c>eful exam9ation1 & w\ld by itself alone br+ joy to ! he>t ( a collector4 ,! ma/]piece ( ! s]ies is1 h[ev]1 ! s\l1 ! hawk ) a human head1 enamell$ body & w+s1 ( :i* bo? back & front views are "h reproduc$4 ,! back foll[s ! usual mann]1 small rods ( b5t gold1 curv$1 sold]$ on to a gold plaque & encru/$ ) ?9 plates ( felsp> to simulate fea!rs2 b on ! o!r side1 ! body1 w+s1 & claws are modell$ ) ! new purpose ( reproduc+ ! natural =m ( ! bird4 ,! little human head is a m>vel ( some:at weak gracefulness3 ! eyes are well op51 ! m\? is smil+1 ! no/rils actually palpitate1 ! e> is cut out & is holl[$ broad & high z is cu/om>y1 & !re is no?+1 ev5 to ! wr9kles ( ! neck & ! r\ndness ( a d\ble *91 t does n cle>ly /& out "u ! reflection ( ! gold4 ,"h aga91 x is all *isell$ by a ma/]-h&1 ) a sur5ess ,i h only f\nd 9 ! hawk ) a ram's head 9 ! ,l\vre1#ij ) :i* ?is s\l ( ,gizeh may be comp>$4 ,! circum/ances ( ! discov]y w\ld n h in=m$ u ( ! date1 if ! /yle ( ! jewels _h n done s4 ,x is ,sate art ) its lightness1 suppl5ess1 some:at ar* *>m1 its almo/ too high relief4 ,a t5d5cy is felt 9 ! direction ( ! exagg]at$ r\ndness ( ! ,ptolemies1 &1 9 fact1 a note furni%$ by ,m4 ,*ass9at p]mits u to fix ! "t at :i* ,zannehib\ liv$4 ,he belong$ to ! family ( a c]ta9 ,psammeti*us1 ^: tomb is ne> 81 :i* an inscription 9 ! ,l\vre f\nd by ,m>iette 9 ! ,s]apeum places at ! beg9n+ ( ! fif? c5tury1 dur+ ! la/ ye>s ( ! reign ( ,d>ius ,i4 ,if1 z is likely1 he 0 ! gr&son ( t ,psammeti*us1 he di$ at ! end ( ! f\r? c5tury1 j :5 ! ,sate k+s 7 resum+ _! sup]iority ov] ! ,p]sians1 at mo/1 a hundr$ ye>s be=e ! ,mac$onian conque/4 ,! goldsmi?s :o fa%ion$ 8 ornam5ts _h probably se5 ,greek jewels1 & _h p]haps already felt ,hell5ic influ5ce3 9 t way ! almo/ ,ptolemaic *>act]i/ics ( ! collection are expla9$4 ,we "k t ,sate jewels are v r>e2 ! ,l\vre alone possesses any t are out ( ! ord9>y run3 ! two necklace fa/5+s 9 =m ( a %ip b\ght by ,m4 ,g4 ,bndite a few ye>s ago4 ,! mummy ( ,zannehib\ has fill$ up ! lacuna 9 ! ,gizeh s]ies1 & ?anks to x1 we n[ "k t ! goldsmi?'s art yield$ 9 no?+ to ! o!r arts at ! "t ( ! la/ ,egyptian r5aissance4 ,let u add t ^! jewels1 al?\gh f\nd on a mummy & made = x1 are n1 z is too (t5 ! case1 jewels ( ! dead1 pleas+ 9 col\r & design1 b too weakly m\nt$ to /& ! we> & te> if worn by a liv+ p]son4 ,l ! jewels ( ,ramses ,,ii 9 ! ,l\vre1#ia l ^? ( ,que5 ,ahhotp\ at ,gizeh1 !y are real jewels1 id5tical at all po9ts1 except p]haps 9 ! *oice ( subjects1 ) ! jewels worn e day4 ,su* is ! f9d t made a happy t]m9ation to our ,saqq>ah campaign4 ,all ! pieces 7 cov]$ ) bitum51 & x is no slight m]it to ,m4 ,b>santi t he %\ld h discov]$ !m & sep>at$ !m "o aft] ! o!r4 ,sev]al pits1 equally unt\*$1 await u at ! same spot "u fifte5 or eighte5 y>ds ( s&1 & ,i h a good hope t next ye>'s excavations may h z glad surprises = u z ^? ( ?is ye>4 ,,xxiv ,a ,,bronze ,,egyptian ,,cat ,,belong+ ,,to ,m4 ,,b>r,,re#ib ,?is f9e bronze cat 0 pur*as$ at ,cairo 9 #ahhd by ,m4 ,b>rre1 !n ag5t & consul-g5]al ( ,france 9 ,egypt4 ,x belongs to ! innum]able family ( cats :i* sudd5ly came =? f ! ru9s ( ,tell ,ba/ah 9 #ahgh1 & 71 9 a few ye>s1 scatt]$ ov] ! :ole _w4 ,x measures #a foot #d in*es 9 height1 & if n ! l>ge/ f\nd at t "t1 x is at lea/ bigg] ?an ! av]age4 ,b its size is n its *ief m]it3 ! ,egyptians1 :o 7 ! fir/ to tame ! cat1 /udi$ x s closely t !y express$ its *>act]i/ics ) extraord9>y excell5ce4 ,m4 ,b>rre's cat is firmly seat$ on h] h9d-qu>t]s1 look+ /raight 9 front ( h]1 9 ! satisfi$ attitude ( an animal :i* has done its duty & has no?+ to reproa* itself )4 ,! wood5 p$e/al to :i* x 0 atta*$ is want+1 b ! metal t5on :i* fa/5$ x is /ill 9 its place1 & ! body is 9 a p]fect /ate ( pres]vation4 ,x 0 m\ld$ 9 "o piece r\nd a core ( s& t has disappe>$1 !n t\*$ up ) ! bur9 & ! file1 & !n poli%$2 x has n suff]$ f its long soj\rn 9 ! e>?1 & we c judge its qualities or its defects z cle>ly z if x _h be5 made ye/]day4 ,x is a f9e piece1 ( v sure design & c>eful execution4 ,! arti/ 0 n afraid to multiply ! details1 & he has simplifi$ ! surfaces2 b ! =ce ( ! l9e1 ! robu/ & vigor\s "* ( ! execution1 make 8 "w a piece ( ! fir/ rank4 ,x is wond]ful to note ! intellig5t skill ) :i* he has express$ ! *>act]i/ics & physiognomy ( ! race4 ,! haun* is broad & r\nd1 ! back supple1 ! neck sl5d]1 ! head delicate1 ! e> /raight2 x is ! ,egyptian cat 9 all its elegance1 z we c /ill see x among ! fellahs1 = cross+ ) =eign species has n alt]$ x4 ,illu/ration3 ,,bronze ,,cat ,,( ,,! ,,sa,,te ,,p]iod4 ,b>rre ,collection4 ,%e is ,ba/t1 a goddess ( good family1 ! wor%ip ( :om fl\ri%$ especially 9 ! ea/ ( ! delta1 & %e is v (t5 drawn or nam$ on ! monum5ts1 al?\gh !y d n tell u en\gh ( h] my?s or h] orig94 ,%e 0 alli$ or relat$ to ! ,sun1 & 0 n[ said to be 8 si/] or wife1 n[ 8 daught]4 ,%e sometimes fill$ a b5efic5t & graci\s rle1 protect+ m5 aga9/ contagi\s diseases or evil spirits1 keep+ !m (f by ! music ( h] si/rum3 %e _h also h] h\rs ( trea*]\s p]v]sity1 dur+ :i* %e play$ ) h] victim z ) a m\se1 be=e f9i%+ him (f ) a bl[ ( h] claws4 ,%e dwelt by pref]5ce 9 ! city t bore h] "n1 ,p\ba/t1 ! ,buba/is ( classical writ]s4 ,h] temple1 at :i* ,*eops & ,*ephrn _h work$ :ile !y 7 build+ _! pyramids1 0 rebuilt by ! ,ph>aohs ( ! ,x,x,i,ind ,dyna/y1 enl>g$ by ^? ( ! ,x,x,v,ith2 :5 ,h]odotus visit$ x 9 ! middle ( ! fif? c5tury ,b4,c41 he consid]$ x "o ( ! mo/ rem>kable he _h se5 9 ! p>ts ( ,egypt ?r\gh :i* he _h travell$4 ,x /ood 9 ! c5tre ( ! city1 at ! end ( ! m>ket-place4 ,x 0 bord]$ by two canals1 ea* #ajj feet wide & %ad$ by trees2 !y fl[$ )\t jo9+1 "o on ! "r1 ! o!r on ! left ( ! build+1 almo/ mak+ x an artificial isl&4 ,travell]s be=e ent]+ x look$ ov] ! enclosure1 ev5 into ! ext]ior c\rt-y>ds1 = ,buba/is _h und]gone ! fate ( _m ( ! l>ge cities ( ,egypt2 9 ! c\rse ( ages ! gr\nd became rais$ 9 su* a way t ! f\ndations ( rec5t h\ses 7 on a high] level ?an ^? ( ! temple4 ,a big wall1 decorat$ ) pictures l ! out] wall ( ! temple ( ,edf\1 enclos$ ! tem5os4 ,! ftes ( ,ba/t attract$ pilgrims f all p>ts ( ,egypt1 z at ! pres5t day ^? ( ,sidi ,ahm$ el-,b$a\ draw p to ! mod]n fair ( ,tantah4 ,! p ( ea* village cr[d$ into l>ge boats to get !re1 m5 & wom5 pell-mell1 ) ! fix$ int5tion ( enjoy+ !mselves on ! j\rney1 a ?+ !y nev] fail$ to d4 ,!y accompani$ ! sl[ progress ( navigation ) endless songs1 love songs r ?an sacr$ hymns1 & !re 7 always to be f\nd among !m flute play]s & ca/anet play]s to support or keep "t to ! voices4 ,:5ev] !y pass$ by a t[n1 !y approa*$ ! bank z ne> z !y c\ld )\t l&+1 & !n1 :ile ! or*e/ra r$\bl$ its noise1 ! pass5g]s ?rew volleys ( insults & co>se rem>ks at ! wom5 /&+ on ! bank2 !y retort$1 & :5 !y _h exhau/$ words1 !y pull$ up _! petticoats & behav$ indec5tly by way ( reply4 ,h]odotus 0 told t #gjj1jjj p]sons1 equal numb]s ( m5 & wom51 n reckon+ little *ildr51 w5t ?us e ye> to ,buba/is4 ,entry into ! temple did n calm !m1 f> f x4 ,!y sacrific$ a great numb] ( victims ) a s9c]e & joy\s piety2 !n !y drank deeply f morn+ to ev5+1 & f ev5+ to morn+1 z long z ! fe/ival la/$3 m w9e 0 consum$ 9 a few days ?an 9 all ! re/ ( ! ye> put toge!r4 ,! great] numb] ( ! pilgrims1 be=e return+ home1 left a s\v5ir ( _! visit at ! feet ( ,ba/t4 ,x 0 a votive /ele ) a f9e inscription1 & a picture %[+ ! donor wor%ipp+ 8 goddess2 or a /atuette 9 blue or gre5 pott]y1 or if !y 7 weal?y1 9 bronze1 silv]1 or sometimes gold3 ! goddess w\ld be /&+1 seat$1 cr\*+ ) a woman's body & a cat's head1 a si/rum or an gis 9 h] h&4 ,dur+ ! ,greek p]iod ! figures 7 9 bronze or 9 pa9t$ & gild$ wood surm\nt$ by a cat's head 9 bronze4 ,_m 7 life-size & modell$ ) elaborate art2 !y _h eyes ( enamel1 a gild$ necklace r\nd ! neck1 e>r+s1 & amulets on ! =ehead4 ,x sometimes happ5$ t :5 a cat he p>ticul>ly v5]at$ di$ 9 8 h\se1 ! pilgrim embalm$ x accord+ to ! rites3 he took ! mummy ) him1 &1 arriv$ at ,buba/is1 %ut x up 9 "o ( ! figures he (f]$4 ,^! v>i\s objects1 at fir/ plac$ any:]e 9 ! temple1 w\ld quickly h fill$ x1 if "s rem$y _h n be5 f\nd4 ,!y 7 pil$ up provisionally at ! end ( "o ( ! second>y *amb]s1 !n ?r[n outside1 & !re enc\nt]$ div]se =tunes4 ,i d n ?9k ,i am calumniat+ ! ,egyptian prie/s 9 say+ t x mu/ h be5 a great grief to !m to "p ) s _m preci\s gifts )\t try+ to d]ive "s hone/ pr(it f !m4 ,! gold & silv] figures did n endure2 !y quickly w5t into ! melt+-pot1 & few em]ge f ! ru9s1 b ! bronze & copp] 7 s abundant t !re w\ld h be5 little to ga9 9 melt+ d[n ! cats4 ,s !y sort$ out ! heap ( bronzes1 & :ile !y kept "s1 ! f9e/1 d\btless1 or ^? t bore inscriptions1 !y sold ! re/ to new g5]ations ( pilgrims1 :o1 9 _! turn1 (f]$ !m 9 due =m4 ,h[ev] frequ5tly ?is 0 done1 ! influx 0 consid]able1 & !y 7 =c$ to rid !mselves quickly ( ! pieces t _h at fir/ be5 kept 9 res]ve4 ,!y %ut !m up 9 cell>s1 or 9 pits dug expressly = !m1 v]itable faviss simil> to ^? ( classical times2#ic !y accumulat$ by ?\s&s1 l>ge & small1 9 wood & 9 bronze1 "s intact & fre% z :5 j made1 o!rs already out ( %ape1 rott51 oxidiz$ & ( no value4 ,! places ( concealm5t 7 soon =gott51 & ! /uff 9 !m repos$ !re beyond ! rea* ( m5 until ! day :5 ! *ances ( excavation br\ght x to light4 ,"o ( !m re/or$ ,m4 ,b>rre's cat4 ,x is n possible to det]m9e ! p]iod at :i* x 0 buri$3 ! p]sons :o f\nd x 7 seek]s ( nitre\s manure1 or deal]s 9 antiquities :o took good c>e n to divulge ! circum/ances & ! site ( _! discov]y4 ,b judg+ f ! r\ndness ( c]ta9 =ms & ! aspect ( ! bronze1 we recognize ! /yle ( ! second ,sate ,p]iod1 & ! piece is to be attribut$ ei!r to ! ,nectanebos1 or ! fir/ ,ptolemies1 9 a g5]al way to ! f\r? c5tury ,b4,c4 or ! beg9n+ ( ! ?ird c5tury ,b4,c4 ,x 0 ! "t :5 ! wor%ip ( ,ba/t & h] subord9ate =ms1 ,pakht1 ,mat1 0 mo/ popul>1 ! p]iod :51 ne> ,speos-,artemidos1 ! mo/ ext5sive cemet]y ( cats 9 ,egypt 0 e/abli%$4 ,! execution is pure ,egyptian1 & 9 no way betrays any ,greek influ5ce4 ,,xxv ,a ,,f9d ,,( ,,cats ,,9 ,,egypt#id ,x 0 ann\nc$ 9 ! ,engli% newspap]s1 & ! ,fr5* foll[$ suit1 t a %ip _h rec5tly rea*$ ,london & disemb>k$ #ahj1jjj mummies ( ,egyptian cats4 ,= a long "t manufactur]s ( diff]5t nationalities h be5 accu/om$ to seek out ! bury+ gr\nds ( animals ?r\gh\t ,egypt1 & to export ! bones to ,europe1 :]e !y are us$ z manure4 ,a few ye>s ago a necropolis full ( monkeys 0 s5t to ,g]many to manure beet-root fields4 ,x seems t ! cats ( ?is ye> 7 discov]$ ne> ,b5i-,hassan2 !y 7 pil$ up at haz>d 9 a sort ( cav]n1 into :i* a fellah 9 se>* ( antiquities 0 ! fir/ to p5etrate4 ,9 fact1 at "s di/ance to ! s\? ( ! hypogeums ( ,b5i-,hassan1 9 ! place call$ by geograph]s ,speos-,artemidos1 is a *apel holl[$ out 9 ! rock1 & consecrat$ by ! k+s ( ! ,x,v,i,i,ith & ,x,i,xth ,dyna/ies to a local goddess1 a woman's body ) a cat's or lion's head1 call$ ,pakht4 ,! dept rec5tly exploit$ 0 f\nd !re1 & ! cats :i* repos$ 9 x mu/ h liv$ 9 ! vic9ity1 "u ! protection ( _! c\s91 ! goddess4 ,cemet]ies ( ! same k9d exi/$ :]ev] a div9ity ( a fel9e type 0 wor%ipp$1 lion1 tig]1 or cat4 ,! mo/ celebrat$ 0 at ,buba/is1 9 ! delta1 :]e ! seek]s ( antiquities cle>$ away ! rubbi% ab\t ?irty-sev5 ye>s ago4#ie ,! mummies ( cats 7 buri$ !re 9 faviss1 deep pits1 "s m]ely wrapp$ 9 swa?+s1 o!rs enclos$ 9 little c(f9s reproduc+ ! image ( ! animal4 ,"s ( ^! c(f9s are entirely ( wood cov]$ ) :ite /ucco1 gild$1 pa9t$ 9 bright col\rs2 "s are 9 bronze1 o!rs h ! body 9 wood & ! head 9 bronze1 ) gold r+s 9 _! e>s & encru/ations ( gold on ! =ehead & 9 ! eyes4 ,/atuettes ( cats ( diff]5t sizes1 portraits ( ! goddess ,ba/t ) a cat's head1 or ( ! god ,n(irt\m\1 are m+l$ ) ! mummies4 ,!nce come ! ?\s&s ( bronze cats1 big & little1 ) :i* all ! antiqu>ies ( ,europe & ,cairo 7 s abundantly provid$ f #ahgf to #ahhh4 ,! important cat illu/rat$ "h1 & :o lives n[ 9 "o ( ! glass cases 9 ! 8,salle div9e0 ( ! ,l\vre1 is a p]fect type ( ! species1 long1 sl5d] 9 ! back1 broad 9 ! h9d-qu>t]s1 ) a delicate1 well-set head1 r+s 9 ! e>s1 a necklace r\nd ! neck1 & a little sc>ab on ! top ( ! head2 ! arti/ :o modell$ x has r5d]$ excell5tly & tru?fully ! supple be>+ & ! bold physiognomy ( 8 orig9al4 ,illu/ration3 ,,bronze ,,cat4 ,! ,l\vre4 ,! cats repres5t$ on ! monum5ts1 or ! mummies ( :i* are f\nd 9 ,egypt1 7 n ( ! same race z our dome/ic cat4 ,s*ol>s h /udi$ !m & are unanim\s--,vir*[1 too1 rec5tly--9 recogniz+ !m z ! ,felis maniculata & ! ,felis *aus4 ,egypt _h tam$ a few individual ones1 b _h n dome/icat$ ! :ole species4 ,!y are sometimes to be se5 on ! bas-reliefs solemnly seat$ ne> _! ma/]s4 ,x is commonly ass]t$ t !y 7 us$ = hunt+ birds 9 ! m>%es1 & ,wilk9son quotes 9 support a fairly l>ge numb] ( mural pa9t+s :]e !y /alk ?r\gh ! re$s1 r\t+ out little birds4 ,i confess t ?is int]pretation does n seem to me to be correct4 ,:]e o!rs claim to recognize animals ready = ! *ase & act+ on behalf ( man1 ,i only see animals1 tame or n1 on m>aud+ b5t & sc\r+ ! bu%es = _! own purposes2 j z our dome/icat$ cat *ases ! sp>r[s 9 our g>d5s & de/roys ! ne/s 9 our p>ks )\t any advantage to 8 ma/]4 ,egyptian arti/s1 v acute obs]v]s ( :at 0 go+ on ar\nd !m1 reproduc$ _! cats' exp$itions1 z !y not$ o!r picturesque details ( ! life ( nature4 ,if we exam9$ ! #ahj1jjj cats--nei!r m nor less--we %\ld probably come ^u a fairly l>ge proportion ( i*neumons4 ,9 ,egypt ! i*neumon & ! cat 7 always associat$2 :]ev] !re are mummies ( cats x may be safely assum$ t mummies ( i*neumons are n f> (f4 ,cats or i*neumons1 ,i hope ! :ole ( !m w n be us$ to manure ! gr\nd1 b t "s f9e specim5s may be *os5 = ! museums ( antiquities & ( natural hi/ory3 9 sp>+ a few hundr$s1 agriculture w n lose mu*1 & sci5ce w ga9 consid]ably4 ,! orig9 ( our tom-cat has long be5 "u discussion2 "s ref] x to ,egypt1 o!rs to ,europe4 ,x w\ld be a pity n to pr(it by su* an invasion ( ,egyptian cats1 & to try to obta9 a def9ite solution ( ! "q4 ,,footnotes #a ,f ! ,j\rnal des ,savants1 #aijh1 pp4 #a-ag4 #b ,f4,w4 von ,biss+1 8,d5kml] gyptis*] ,skulptur40 ,text1 #dto2 portfolio ( plates1 fol42 ,bruckmann1 ,muni*1 #aijf-h4 #c ,x may also be ask$ if ! /ele ( ! ,k+-,s]p5t is an orig9al or a re/oration ( ! "t ( ,set\ ,i4 #d ,biss+1 ,,ii4 ,plate ) ! "n ( ,k+ ,a?otis1 note #f4 #e ,i ev5 not$ ! exi/5ce ( "o ( ^! tails 9 wood 9 ! ,m>seilles ,museum 7,catalogue1 p4 #ib1 ,no4 #bgi74 #f ,muse ,egypti51 vol4 ii41 ,pl4 ,,ix-,x & pp4 #be-cj4 #g ,ibid41 vol4 ii41 ,pl4 ,,xv1 pp4 #da-de4 #h ,masp]o1 ,guide to ! ,cairo ,museum1 #aijf1 pp4 #aef-g1 ,no4 #eej4 #i ,revue de l',art ,anci5 et ,mod]ne1 #aijf1 vol4 x41 pp4 #bda-eb1 #ccg-dh2 cf4 ,*ap4 ,x4 ( ! pres5t volume4 #aj ,muse ,egypti51 vol4 ii41 pp4 #ij-b4 #aa ,f ! ,revue de l',art anci5 et mod]ne1 #aiab1 vol4 xxxi41 pp4 #bda-ed4 #ab ,x is m5tion$ = ! fir/ "t 9 ,emmanuel de ,r\g's ,catalogue1 #ahee1 "u ,no4 #f2 x is plac$ on ! mantelpiece 9 ! 8,salle civile40 #ac ,see good examples 9 ,m>iette1 8,k>nak10 ,pl4 ,,viii4 #ad ,?is is no long] true s9ce ! discov]y ( ! favissa at ,k>nak4 ,! ,cairo ,museum possesses "s hundr$s ( /atues ( private individuals f ! ,!ban temple ( ,amon 7#aiab74 #ae ,m>iette1 8,sur les tombes de l',anci5 ,empire qu'on tr\ve ,saqq>ah10 #aiab1 pp4 #h-i4 #af ,on ?is !ory see ,lepage-,r5\f1 8,on ! ,true ,s5se ( an important ,egyptian ,^w10 9 ! ,transactions ( ! ,society ( ,biblical ,ar*ology1 vol4 iv41 pp4 #did-ejh1 & ,masp]o1 8,mmoires du ,congrs des ,ori5tali/es de ,lyon10 vol4 i41 & ,bullet9 de l',association sci5tifique de ,france 7#ahgh71 ,no4 #eid1 pp4 #cgc-hd4 #ag ,"o ( ! ,egyptian fe/ivals ( ! dead4 #ah ,= complete translation ( ! contract see ! ,transactions ( ! ,society ( ,biblical ,ar*ology1 vol4 vii41 pp4 #a-i4 #ai ,! ,skhemka gr\p 0 catalogu$ = ! fir/ "t by ,e4 de ,r\g1 8,notice sommaire des ,monum5ts gypti5s10 #ahee1 pp4 #ej-ea1 "u ! numb] ,s4 #ajb4 ,! o!r two /atues ( ! same p]son possess$ by ! ,museum are bo? ent]$ "u ! numb] ,s4#ajc4 ,"o is 9 granite1 ! o!r 9 pa9t$ lime/one4 #bj ,!re are exceptions only 9 ! middle ( ! ,x,v,i,i,ith ,dyna/y1 :5 m5 & wom51 & especially wom51 are pa9t$ light p9k or fle% col\r4 #ba ,! pretty pa9t$ bas-relief ( ! tomb ( ,seti ,i 9 ! ,l\vre 7,e4 de ,r\g1 8,notice des pr9cipaux monum5ts10 p4 #ce1 ,b4 #g7 %[s 9 l>ge ! arrangem5t ( ! glass beads on ! /uff4 #bb ,cf41 e4g41 ,lepsius1 8,d5kml]10 ii41 #dg;b1 #gd;e1 :]e ! woman cr\*+ 9 front ( h] husb& puts h] arm r\nd 8 leg4 #bc ,"h are "s ref]5ces to plates 9 ,lepsius :]e ! husb& & wife are repres5t$ side by side 9 diff]5t positions4 ,! woman ( l[ /ature cr\*es beh9d h] seat$ husb& 78,d5kml]10 ii41 #ga;b72 ! wife & husb&1 bo? ( h]oic /ature1 are seat$ on ! same arm*air1 & ! wife puts h] "r arm r\nd h] husb&'s neck 78,d5kml]10 ii41 #aj;b1 #bd1 #be;b1 #da;b1 #db;a-b1 #ge;a1 etc472 ! wife ( l[ /ature /&s 9 front ( h] husb&1 :o is ( h]oic /ature 78,d5kml]10 ii41 #ch;b72 %e /&s beh9d him & puts h] arm r\nd 8 left arm 78,d5kml]10 ii41 #bg1 #cc;a71 or %e puts h] arm r\nd 8 wai/ 78,d5kml]10 ii41 #ch;a72 & la/ly1 ! husb& & wife1 ( ! same /ature1 are /&+1 ! wife beh9d h] husb& & putt+ h] arm r\nd 8 neck 78,d5kml]10 ii41 #ac1 #bj-a1 #bi;b1 #cb1 #cd;b1 #dj;b1 #dc;b1 #df1 #eh;a1 #ei;b71 or sep>at$ f him 78,d5kml]10 ii41 #gc1 etc474 #bd ,?us 9 ,lepsius 78,d5kml]10 ii41 #gd;e71 :]e ! noble ,s5otmht1 surnam$ ,mihi1 is seat$1 ( h]oic /ature1 :ile 8 wife1 ,khontka\s1 is repres5t$ cr\*+ & ( l[ /ature1 al?\gh %e is a legitimate daught] ( ! k+4 ,9 ano!r "p ( ! tomb 7,lepsius1 8,d5kml]10 ii41 #gc7 ! same p]sons are repres5t$ /&+ side by side & ( h]oic /ature1 :ile _! *ildr5 are ( ord9>y /ature4 #be ,see ! prec$+ *apt]1 pp4 #ee-ei4 #bf ,see ,*apt] ,,iii1 p4 #ea4 #bg ,we "k n[ 7#aiab7 t ! figures describ$ by ,m>iette z m\rn]s are cooks1 :o held ! spit 9 "o h& & ) ! o!r protect$ _! faces f ! heat ( ! brazi] :]e ! *ick5s 7 roa/+4 #bh ,9 exam9+ ! eye ( ! ,*ekh-el-,bel$ closely1 ,i f\nd t !re 0 no silv] nail 9 x1 b t ! lum9\s spangle 0 produc$ by a scrap ( poli%$ ebony plac$ "u ! cry/al2 x %\ld be ! same ) ! eyes ( ! ,cr\*+ ,scribe4 #bi ,cf4 pp4 #ee-ei4 #cj ,?is article 0 publi%$ 9 two slightly diff]5t =ms 9 ! ,gazette des ,beaux-,arts1 #crd p]iod1 #ahic1 vol4 ix41 pp4 #bfe-gj1 & 9 ! ,monum5ts ,piot1 #ahid1 vol4 i41 pp4 #a-f3 ,i h comb9$ !m = ?is volume4 #ca ,! /atue is describ$ 9 ! 8,visitor's ,guide to ! ,cairo ,museum10 #bnd edition1 #aiab1 p4 #eh1 ,no4 #adb4 #cb ,masp]o1 8,visitor's ,guide10 #bnd edition1 #aiab1 pp4 #eg-h1 ,no4 #ada4 #cc ,cf4 p4 #fa4 #cd ,cf4 :at has already be5 said reg>d+ /atues ( private individuals erect$ by ! fav\r ( ! ,ph>aoh1 p4 #dj4 #ce ,masp]o1 8,visitor's ,guide to ! ,b\laq ,museum10 p4 #bh1 & n[ 8,visitor's ,guide to ! ,cairo ,museum10 #bnd edition1 #aiab1 p4 #gc1 ,no4 #bbg4 #cf ,! expression is borr[$ f a lett] ( ! ,papyrus ,ana/asis1 ,no4 #c4 ,its position 9 ! ,egyptian context leads me to believe t x 0 an (t5-quot$ prov]b4 ,! idea is repeat$ 9 diff]5t =ms 9 ! scribes' correspond5ce3 8,"w1 or y w be beat540 8,:5 ! scribe rea*es ! age ( manhood1 8 back is brok5 by ! bl[s he has receiv$40 #cg ,m>iette1 8,notice des pr9cipaux monum5ts du ,muse de ,b\laq10 #f? edition1 #ahgf1 p4 #bce1 ,no4 #gfi3 8,memphis4 ,saqq>ah--lime/one ,,ii1 #a foot #b in*es--kneel+ figure4 ,8 h&s cross$ on 8 legs4 ,8 eyes are ( mosaic "w & =m$ ( sev]al /ones curi\sly comb9$40 ,! /atue ( ! kneel+ scribe figures 9 a gr\p 9 ,plate ,,xx ( ,m>iette's "w1 8,album du ,muse de ,b\laq10 conta9+ #dj plates1 photograph$ by ,,mm4 ,dli & ,b*>d1 ) explanatory text edit$ by ,augu/e ,m>iette-,bey4 ,cairo1 ,m\rs et ,cie1 #ahga1 fol4 #ch ,m>iette1 8,notice des pr9cipaux monum5ts du ,muse de ,b\laq10 #f? edition1 #ahgf1 p4 #baf1 ,no4 #ehb4 ,! ,b\laq ,museum possesses a second /atue ( ! same p]son 7ibid41 p4 #ic1 ,no4 #bh71 b ( a less f9e execution ?an ! /atue ,no4 #ehb4 ,cf4 :at is said ( ! two /atues on pp4 #gj-gc ( ?is volume4 #ci ,m>iette1 8,notice10 p4 #bag3 8,! sum ( ! qualities1 & /udy ( ! inscriptions on ! base ( ! monum5t1 leave no d\bt z to ! epo* to :i* x belongs4 ,rn(ir evid5tly liv$ "u ! ,anci5t ,empire4 ,8 titles br+ him ne> ! ,v? ,dyna/y40 ,! /udy ( ! inscriptions leads me to be m c]ta9 ?an ,m>iette 04 ,rn(ir und\bt$ly liv$ at ! end ( ! ,v? ,dyna/y4 #dj ,see pp4 #fj-fe4 #da ,he is a cook1 z ,i m5tion$ on p4 #fa1 note #bg4 #db ,see p4 #ea4 #dc ,see p4 #fa4 #dd ,see ! curi\s /udy ( ,dr4 ,p>rot1 8,sur l'orig9e d'une des =mes du dieu ,phtah10 9 ! 8,recueil de travaux relatifs la philologie et l'ar*ologie gypti5nes et assyri5nes10 vol4 ii41 pp4 #abi-cc4 #de ,publi%$ 9 ! ,revue de l',art anci5 et mod]ne1 #aijf1 vol4 xx41 pp4 #bdg-eb1 #ccg-dh4 #df ,see pp4 #ej-ea4 #dg ,see1 e4g41 ! /el describ$ or ref]r$ to 9 ,masp]o1 8,guide to ! ,cairo ,museum10 #aijc1 pp4 #gc-e1 #id-e1 #if1 etc4 #dh ,already publi%$ 9 ! ,muse ,egypti51 vol4 ii41 ,pl4 ,,ix-,x1 pp4 #be-cj4 #di ,! head 0 reproduc$ by ,r\g-,banville1 8,album photographique10 ,nos4 #aaa-ab2 cf4 ,m>iette1 8,monum5ts div]s10 ,pl4 ,,xxi1 a1 b1 c1 & p4 #bii2 ! :ole is reproduc$ 9 ! ,muse ,egypti51 vol4 ii41 ,pl4 ,,xiii1 & pp4 #cd-e4 #ej ,see article on ?is gr\p by ,legra9 9 ! ,muse ,egypti51 vol4 ii41 pp4 #a-ad & ,pl4 ,i-,,iv4 #ea ,! head ( ! ,ph>aoh1 :i* 0 /ol5 at ! mom5t ( discov]y1 has be5 f\nd s9ce ?is article appe>$1 & pur*as$ by ! ,cairo ,museum1 #aiab4 #eb ,publi%$ 9 ! ,revue de l',art anci5 et mod]ne1 #aijg1 vol4 xxii41 pp4 #e-ah4 #ec ,%e is not$ 9 ! 8,livre d'entre0 "u ,no4 #chege & ! *apel "u ,no4 #chegf4 #ed ,naville1 8,das ,!banis*e ,todt5bu*10 vol4 i41 ,pl4 ,,ccxxii4 #ee ,x comes f ,tell ,tmai1 & is ent]$ 9 ! 8,livre d'entre0 "u ,no4 #chicj1 & 9 ! 8,guide to ! ,museum10 #crd ,engli% edition1 "u ,no4 #dfa1 p4 #afd4 #ef ,no4 #chicb 9 ! 8,livre d'entre02 cf4 8,notice des pr9cipaux monum5ts du ,muse de ,gizeh10 #ahic1 p4 #hf1 & ,no4 #fhc ( ,bor*>dt's unpubli%$ catalogue4 ,! monum5t comes f ,saqq>ah4 #eg 8,guide to ! ,cairo ,museum10 #crd edition1 pp4 #cca-cc1 ,no4 #ajbj2 8,livre d'entre10 ,no4 #chibg4 #eh 8,guide to ! ,cairo ,museum10 #crd edition1 p4 #ccj1 ,nos4 #ajah1 #ajai2 8,livre d'entre10 ,nos4 #chibh1 #chibi4 #ei ,see ! ,revue1 #aijf1 vol4 xx41 pp4 #bda-eb1 & pp4 #ccg-df2 & pp4 #ij-aje ( ! pres5t volume4 #fj ,x 0 catalogu$ by ,*ampollion 9 8 8,notice descriptive des monum5ts gypti5s du ,muse ,*>les ,x10 ,p>is1 #ahbg1 p4 #ee1 ,no4 #aa4 #fa ,publi%$ 9 ! ,revue de l',art anci5 et mod]ne1 #aiaj1 vol4 xxviii41 pp4 #bda-eb4 #fb ,see pp4 #abj-abe4 #fc ,m>iette1 8,notice des pr9cipaux monum5ts du ,muse de ,b\laq10 #f? edition1 #ahgf1 p4 #cjj1 ,no4 #ajj ,c4 #fd ,e4 de ,r\g1 8,notice sommaire des monum5ts gypti5s10 #crd edition1 #ahfd1 p4 #cd1 ,a4 #ba4 ,! ,briti% ,museum possesses a replica ( ?is /atue4 #fe ,m>iette1 8,notice10 #a/ edition1 #ahfd1 p4 #ahd1 ,no4 #ag2 & #f? edition1 #ahgf1 p4 #ib1 ,no4 #bb4 #ff ,m>iette1 8,notice10 #f? edition1 p4 #bba1 ,nos4 #fch-dh2 ,masp]o1 8,guide du ,visiteur au ,muse de ,b\laq10 #ahhc1 pp4 #ajj-c4 #fg ,m>iette1 8,notice10 #f? edition1 p4 #bba1 ,nos4 #fdi-ea2 ,masp]o1 8,guide10 p4 #aja4 #fh ,m>iette1 8,notice10 #f? edition1 p4 #bba1 ,nos4 #fbc-cg4 #fi ,m>iette1 8,notice10 #f? edition1 pp4 #bab-ac1 ,no4 #egh2 ,masp]o1 8,guide10 p4 #ge1 ,no4 #cif4 #gj ,m>iette1 8,notice10 #f? edition1 p4 #bci1 ,no4 #gib4 #ga ,masp]o1 8,lett] to ,m4 ,gu/ave d',ei*tal on ! circum/ances ( ! hi/ory ( ,egypt :i* fav\r$ ! exodus ( ! ,hebrew nation10 9 ! ,comptes ,r5dus de l',acadmie des ,inscriptions et ,belles-,lettres1 #ahgc1 pp4 #cg-h4 #gb ,publi%$ 9 ,la ,nature1 #ahib1 vol4 lix41 pp4 #afa-c4 #gc ,major ,ar?ur ,bagnold publi%$ an acc\nt ( !m1 ) ?ree draw+s by ,wallis & a few sket*es1 8,an acc\nt ( ! mann] 9 :i* two ,colossal ,/atues ( ,rameses ,,ii at ,memphis 7 rais$10 9 ! ,proce$+s ( ! ,society ( ,biblical ,ar*ology1 vol4 x41 p4 #deb et seq4 #gd ,i h relat$ _m examples ( ?is belief 9 spirits inhabit+ ! anci5t monum5ts 9 8,egypt3 ,anci5t ,sites & ,mod]n ,sc5es10 #aiaj1 *ap4 xv41 p4 #aee4 ,i h collect$ _m m1 & hope "o day to h an opportunity ( publi%+ !m4 #ge ,publi%$ 9 ,la ,nature1 #ahid1 vol4 lxiii41 pp4 #bcj-d4 #gf ,extract f ! ,revue de l',art anci5 et mod]ne1 #aijh1 vol4 xxiii41 pp4 #dja-ab1 & vol4 xxiv41 pp4 #bi-ch4 #gg ,*ampollion1 8,notice descriptive des monum5ts gypti5s du ,muse ,*>les ,x10 #ahbg1 #hvo1 describes ! object z foll[s3 8#he4 ,h>d wood4 ,a woman nam$ ,na1 /&+1 dress$ 9 a long fr+$ tunic1 hair plait$4 ,! /atuette 0 d$icat$ by h] bro!r1 ,phtah-,ma1 auditor ( ju/ice10 pp4 #fh-i4 ,n[ ! little figure is numb]$ #cg2 x is 9 case ,a ( ! 8,salle civile0 7fir/ %elf74 #gh ,cf4 ,e4 de ,r\g1 8,notice des pr9cipaux monum5ts10 p4 #hb4 #gi ,,sok>i 7 ( ! fragm5t ( ,crat9us ! ,y\ng]1 8,fragm4 ,comicor4 grcorum10 edition ,didot7 0 ! god ( ! dead at ,memphis1 z ,osiris 0 at ,abydos2 s !y 7 soon id5tifi$ "o ) ! o!r1 ,sok>-,osiri1 & ) ,phtah1 ,phtah-,sok>i1 ,phtah-,sok>-,osiri4 ,"h ! scribe1 :o fir/ took ! ?ree sacr$ names z belong+ to "o same god :om he qualifi$ z ,pr9ce ( ,et]nity 9 ! s+ul>1 lat] reg>d$ !m z belong+ to ?ree diff]5t gods1 & us$ ! plural pron\n1 ,,se1 v>iant ( ,,s53 8to :om ,,!y give0 in/ead ( 8to :om ,,he gives40 #hj ,! figure to :i* x 0 fa/5$ is reproduc$ 9 ,leemans1 8,egyptian ,monum5ts 9 ! ,museum ( ,antiquities ( ,holl& at ,leyd510 ,"p ,i1 ,pl4 ,,xxiv2 cf4 ,*abas1 8,notice sommaire des papyrus gypti5s10 p4 #ai4 #ha ,! facsimile ( ! text is 9 ,leemans1 8,monum5ts10 ,"p ,,ii1 ,pl4 ,,clxxxiii-,,clxxxiv1 & is translat$ & annotat$ 9 ,masp]o1 8,etudes gypti5nes10 vol4 i41 pp4 #ade-ei4 #hb ,extract f ! ,revue de l'art anci5 et mod]ne1 #aije1 vol4 xvii1 p4 #djc4 #hc ,see ! ,*apt] on ! little lady ,t\1 pp4 #ahc-ahi4 #hd ,publi%$ 9 ,la ,nature1 #ahie1 vol4 lii41 pp4 #baa-ad4 #he 8,! ,adv5ture ( ,satni-,khamois ) ! ,mummies10 9 ,g4 ,masp]o1 8,les contes populaires de l',egypte anci5ne10 #d? edition1 p4 #adf4 #hf ,see pp4 #agb-agd4 #hg ,see ,*apt] ,,xviii1 pp4 #agb-agg4 #hh ,revue ar*ologique1 ,april1 #ahfa1 vol4 iii41 #bnd s]ies4 #hi ,pr9t$ 9 ! ,revue de l',art anci5 et mod]ne1 #aijj1 vol4 viii41 p4 #cec4 #ij ,see p4 #aej4 #ia ,see ,*apt] ,,xvi41 p4 #ade4 #ib ,publi%$ 9 ! ,revue de l',art anci5 et mod]ne1 #aijb1 vol4 xi41 p4 #cgg4 #ic ,see ,*apt] ,x4 #id ,publi%$ 9 ,la ,nature1 #ahij1 vol4 xxxv41 pp4 #bgc-d4 #ie ,see pp4 #bab-bac4 ,,index ,a ,ab\sr-el-,malak1 excavations (1 #bi ,abydos1 #cj1 #ca1 #cg2 ,memnonium (1 #ie1 #acd2 ru9s (1 #id ,adoni 7,adona71 #abb ,ahhotp\ ,i1 #ade1 #adf1 #aeh ,ahhotp\1 ,que51 #aeb1 #aeh1 #bjf ,ahmsis ,i1 #ach ,a1 #ach2 portrait (1 #ih ,a1 son ( ,hapi1 #aig1 #aih ,alex&ria1 bas-reliefs (1 #cc ,am5emhat ,,iii1 #bf1 #cb2 sph9x (1 #bb1 #bc2 /atue (1 #bb1 #bh1 #cg ,am5]taous1 #ajc ,am5hotp\1 #ach ,am5meses1 #ach ,am5phis ,,ii1 #abb ,am5phis ,,iii1 #abb1 #abd1 #agd ,am5phis ,,iv1 #abj1 #abb1 #abc1 #abd1 #abe1 #aca ,am5phis1 /atue (1 #fd ,am5!s ,i1 #ia ,am5!s ,,ii1 #aji1 #aab1 #aac1 #aag1 #aah1 #acd ,am5!s ,,iv1 #ca ,am5!s1 /atue (1 #bb1 #bh ,amon1 #ha1 #aja1 #ajb1 #ajd1 #aba1 #abb1 #abd1 #abe1 #ace1 #ahc1 #ahd1 #ahe2 prie/s (1 #ib2 temple (1 #ij1 #ig1 #acg ,amon ( ,h>mhabi1 #ih ,amonr1 #ajg1 #abc ,amonr1 ark (1 #acf ,&]son1 #adb ,ankh>i1 ! lady1 #age ,ankhasn(iriabr en ,ha?or1 #ajc ,ankhnas1 #ajc ,ant\f k+s1 !1 #aec ,anubis1 temple (1 #ec ,apis1 #adf1 #adi2 tomb (1 #gi1 #ade ,ap\1 tomb (1 #ba ,apries1 #adc ,armas1 #aci ,asia ,m9or1 #afi1 #aia ,assi\t1 #ca ,assyria1 #afi ,ati1 #ef1 #eh1 #ei ,aton 7,amon71 #aba1 #abb1 #abc1 #abd1 #abe ,atonian ,dyna/y1 fall ( !1 #ca ,b ,bagnold1 ,major ,ar?ur1 #adb1 #adc ,b>aize1 ,m41 #ajh ,b>rre1 ,m41 #bjh1 #bab ,b>santi1 ,m4 ,alex&re1 #bja1 #bjf ,ba/t1 ! goddess1 #ahd1 #bji1 #bab1 #bac1 #bae2 h] fe/ival at ,buba/is1 #baj1 #baa ,ba1 ,dr41 #acc ,b$re*en1 #ada ,bndite1 ,m41 #bjf ,b5i-,hassan1 #cj1 #ca1 #hg1 #bad ,b]b]s1 !1 #abi ,b]*eh1 #ca ,b]l9 ,museum1 #aeb2 ,scribe ( !1 #bj1 #ba ,bibn-el-,mol\k1 #aaa ,biss+1 ,f4,w4 von1 #ag1 #ah1 #bj1 #ba1 #bb1 #bc1 #bd1 #be1 #bf1 #bg1 #cd1 #ce ,boc*oris1 #cc 8,book ( ! ,dead10 #aac1 #aad1 #bjc ,bor*>dt1 #bd1 #be ,b\laq ,museum1 #fc1 #gj1 #ga1 #ha1 #he1 #hf1 #ace1 #acg1 #ach1 #ade1 #adf ,briti% ,museum1 #aec ,bruckmann1 #ag1 #bc ,buba/is1 #abd1 #aed1 #aeg1 #afa1 #aij1 #baj1 #baa1 #bae ,c ,cairo1 #ci1 #ajh1 #aed1 #agi1 #bjh1 #bae ,cairo ,museum1 !1 #ba1 #bb1 #bi1 #cb1 #cc1 #ci1 #dd1 #df1 #dg1 #ic1 #if1 #ih1 #ajh1 #aad1 #aae1 #aaf1 #abh1 #abi1 #aca1 #acd1 #aeg2 ,scribe ( !1 #bj ,c>t]1 #ib ,caviglia1 #ada ,*alda1 #afi1 #aga ,*ampollion1 #aba1 #agb1 #ahf ,*ass9at1 ,m41 #bjf ,*ekh-,abd-el-,g\rnah1 #aae1 #agh1 #agi ,*ekh el-,bel$1 /atue ( !1 #ba1 #df1 #dh1 #hh ,*ekh-,sad1 #ca ,*eops1 #cj1 #bji2 /atuette (1 #cg1 #ch ,*ephrn1 #cj1 #dd1 #df1 #dg1 #dh1 #acg1 #bji2 /atuette (1 #cg1 #ch ,*ephrn1 /atues ( !1 #ba1 #bd1 #cg ,coptos1 #bb ,c[1 !1 ( ,der-el-,bah>1 #ah1 #ajf1 #aag ,crete1 #afi ,cr\*+ ,scribe1 !1 #ah1 #dh1 #di1 #fj1 #fa1 #fc1 #fd1 #fe1 #hd1 #hh ,d ,dah*\r1 #ade1 #aej1 #aeb1 #aeh ,d>ius1 #adj1 #bjf ,davis1 ,!odore1 #abf ,decauville1 #ij ,d5d]ah1 #ca1 #abc ,der-el-,bah>1 #ib1 #ajh1 #aaj1 #aae2 favissa (1 #ih2 porticoes (1 #ie ,dvria1 #aif ,dog1 nome ( !1 #da ,d\ble1 !1 #ea1 #eb1 #ec1 #ed1 #aaa1 #aae1 #adc1 #aic1 #aih ,e ,eb]s1 #ag ,edf\1 temple (1 #baj ,edg>1 ,mr41 #aed1 #aee ,egypt1 f9ancial sy/em ( anci5t1 #aig1 #aih ,egyptian cats1 #bjh1 #bji1 #bad1 #bae1 #baf ,egyptian jewell]y1 #ade-aec1 #bja-bjg ,egyptian ,scribes1 #fa1 #fb1 #fc1 #fg1 #fh1 #fi1 #gd1 #ge1 #gf1 #gg1 #aii1 #bjj ,egyptian /atu>y1 #ag-ce ,el-,am>na1 bas-reliefs (1 #aca2 necropolis (1 #ca1 #abe1 #acc2 sculptors (1 #acj2 /atues (1 #ajj ,el-,tell1 tombs (1 #ca ,es-,say$ ,ed1 #aee ,e?iopia1 #ie1 #ajb1 #abd1 #aci ,e?iopian pyramids1 !1 #aec ,euphrates1 #agj ,europe1 #bae1 #baf ,f ,fay\m1 !1 #bf1 #bi1 #id1 #acg ,f]l9i1 #aec ,g ,g>wood1 #adb ,gebelen1 #bb1 #agi1 #bad ,g]many1 #bad ,gizeh1 #ci1 #ie ,gizeh ,museum1 #ba1 #bd1 #ff1 #fh1 #gj1 #aeb1 #bjf ,gizeh1 necropolis (1 #ba1 #bi ,gold & silv] vases & cups1 #afj-h ,gol5is*eff1 #cb ,g\rnah1 #ach ,g\rnah1 temple (1 #ie1 #acd ,grbaut1 #cg ,greece1 #aai ,h ,ha*ops\t\1 ,que51 #ig1 #aaa1 #aab1 #aai ,hakori1 #aif ,hapi-,t'aufi1 ,pr9ce1 #ec ,h>mais1 /atues ( !1 #bb ,h>mhbi1 #ajj1 #acj1 #acc1 #ace1 #ach1 #aci ,ha?or1 ! goddess1 #da1 #db1 #aji1 #aaj1 #aaa1 #aab1 #aad1 #aae1 #aag1 #aah1 #ahg ,heliopolis1 #abc ,hell5es1 !1 #cc ,h]acleopolis1 #cj1 #id ,h]mopolis1 #bh1 #ca1 #aje ,h]odotus1 #cb1 #abd1 #adj1 #baj1 #baa ,hor1 ! scribe1 #hd ,horus1 #ahh ,horus ,qa-ou1 /ele ( !1 #ai ,hrihor1 #abd ,hykss k+1 portrait ( a1 #bb ,i ,icel&]s & gho/s1 #agf ,i\aa1 #abb ,isis1 #ig1 #aaf1 #adg1 #adh1 #bjb1 #bjd ,isis1 /atue (1 #if ,k ,k>nak1 #ca1 #cg1 #aje1 #ach1 #aci2 favissa (1 #bb1 #bf1 #ij1 #id1 #ie1 #if2 mod]n village (1 #ij2 temple (1 #ace ,khbokhni1 #ahh ,khmost1 high prie/ ( ,phtah1 #ade1 #adf ,khsakhm\1 ! ,ph>aoh1 #ai1 #bj ,khitas1 !1 #aea ,khn\m1 #ace ,khn\mhotp\1 ! dw>f1 #he1 #hf1 #hg1 #hh1 #hi ,khons\1 #ih1 #ii ,kh\naton1 #abe1 #ach ,kh\niaton\1 #ca1 #ajj1 #abf1 #acj1 #acc ,k+s1 ,valley ( !1 #abf ,k+-,s]p5t1 /ele ( !1 #ai ,knom1 #ef1 #eh ,l ,leghorn1 #agb ,legra91 ,m41 #bb1 #bf1 #ia1 #id1 #ie1 #if1 #ih1 #ajj1 #aje ,lepsius1 #eg ,leyd51 #bj ,leyd5 ,museum1 #aec1 #age ,leyd5 papyrus1 !1 #agg ,libyan ,des]t1 !1 #aab ,libyan ,m\nta9s1 !1 #aac ,longpri]1 ,m4 de1 #di ,l\is ,,xiv1 p]uke ( "t (1 #ahj ,l\vre1 !1 #ah1 #ba1 #bb1 #di1 #ed1 #ee1 #eh1 #fj1 #fd1 #fg1 #fh1 #gj1 #gi1 #hj1 #hd1 #abe1 #acj1 #acd1 #acf1 #ade1 #adf1 #aeb1 #aec1 #agb1 #agh1 #ahc1 #ahe1 #ahf1 #aie1 #bjj1 #bje1 #bjf1 #bae ,l\xor1 #ca1 #ajg ,m ,mac$onians1 !1 #ajb ,madagasc>1 que5s (1 #ajd ,mat1 #bac ,mankahor\1 /atuette (1 #cg ,mantimeh1 #ajc1 #ajd ,m>iette1 #bb1 #bd1 #cb1 #ch1 #ee1 #fj1 #fb1 #ff1 #gi1 #id1 #ih1 #ajj1 #ajc1 #aaf1 #aba1 #acf1 #aci1 #ade1 #aej1 #aea1 #aif1 #bjf ,maton\ 7,amt571 /atue (1 at ,b]l91 #bi ,m$9et ,hab\1 #abh ,m$it]ranean1 !1 #aga1 #aid ,med\m1 #df1 #dh1 #fb1 #fc2 excavations (1 #bi1 #cj ,memphian ,empire1 !1 #bj ,memphis1 #be1 #bh1 #bi1 #cj1 #ca1 #cb1 #cg1 #ee1 #gb1 #gh1 #gi1 #hh1 #abc1 #acg1 #adj ,m5ephtah1 #acf1 #ach ,m5na1 #ahb ,m5zaleh1 ,lake1 #cb ,m9ieh1 pr9ce (1 #he1 #hg ,mn\1 ! god1 #bb ,mt-,f>es1 #bb ,mt-,rah9eh1 #bd1 #cg1 #ci ,mohamm$-,ali1 #adb ,mohamm$ ,eff5di ,*abn1 #aed ,mond1 ,mr41 #agh ,mont\hotp\1 #aaa ,mont\hotp\1 /atue (1 #bf ,mont\hotp\ ,i1 temple (1 #bb1 #ajf ,mont\hotp\ ,,iii1 /atue (1 #bb ,mont\hotp\ ,v1 tomb (1 #ib ,monum5ts de l',art ,antique1 #cd ,morgan1 ,m4 de1 #ff1 #gc1 #ade ,m\rsi ,hassanen1 #aee ,muni*1 #bj1 #ba ,muse ,egypti51 !1 #bf1 #cd ,myc]9us1 /atues (1 #cf1 #cg1 #ch1 #ci1 #da1 #dc1 #dd1 #df1 #dg1 #dh ,n ,nafr\rya1 #ig ,na1 ! lady1 #agc1 #agd1 #agg1 #ahf ,na\sirrya1 /atuette (1 #cg ,napata1 #ca ,naples ,museum1 !1 #bj ,nr-m]1 palette (1 #ai ,nasi1 /atue (1 #ba ,naville1 #ib1 #ajf1 #ajg1 #aaa1 #aah ,nectanebo ,i1 #aaf ,nectanebo ,,ii1 #cc ,ne?1 #bjd2 temple (1 #afg1 #afi ,neph?ys1 #adg1 #adh1 #bjb ,nile1 !1 #bg1 #aab1 #agj2 valley ( !1 #bh ,n(irt\m\1 ! god1 #bae ,n(rihotp\1 fun]al (1 #hh ,n(rt1 /atue (1 #bb ,nont1 ! goddess1 #bjb ,nsiphtah1 #ajc ,nubia1 #ca ,o ,omm-el-,gab1 tombs (1 #bi ,osiris1 #aaf1 #abc1 #adg1 #adh1 #bje ,osorkon ,,ii1 /atuette (1 #ajc ,o/raca1 #ih ,ounas1 #bja ,ousim>es 7,osym&yas71 #aeh ,ousirmr1 #adi ,oxyrrh9*us1 #da ,p ,pakht1 #bac1 #bad ,peh\rn[ri1 /atuette (1 #gi1 #hd ,p]fume ladles describ$1 #aij-c ,p]sian ,conque/1 !1 #ia ,p]sians1 !1 #ajd ,petesomt\s1 #aaf ,petrie1 ,fl9d]s1 #bf1 #dg1 #abi1 #aca ,phnicia1 #aic ,phnicians1 !1 #aga ,phtah1 #hg1 #ie1 #ada1 #ade1 #agc2 temple (1 #cg1 #adj ,phtah-,ma1 #agc1 #agd ,pi\pi1 bronze /atue (1 #ba ,p\ba/t 7,buba/is71 #bji ,psammeti*us1 #aaf1 #aag1 #bjf ,psammeti*us ,i1 #cc1 #ajc ,ps>\1 #adf1 #adg ,pyramids1 pla9 ( !1 #bi ,q ,qod%\1 battle (1 #aea ,r ,r1 ! sol> god1 #abc1 #abd ,rahotp\1 ! scribe1 #hd2 tomb (1 #fb ,ramessides1 !1 #ia1 #ajc1 #abd ,ramke1 ! scribe1 #hd ,ramses1 #acj2 /atues ( !1 #bb ,ramses ,i1 #ach ,ramses ,,ii1 #cj1 #acf1 #acg1 #ach1 #adj1 #ada1 #adb1 #add1 #ade1 #adh1 #aea1 #aeh1 #aei1 #afj1 #agj1 #bjf2 /atues (1 #bf1 #aja1 #ace ,ramses ,,iii1 #ajb ,ramses ,,vi1 #aja1 #ajb ,ramses-,nakh\ti1 #aja ,rn(ir1 #dd1 #df1 #hh2 /atue (1 #gj1 #ga1 #gb1 #gg1 #gh ,read]s1 /atue ( !1 at ,cairo1 #ba ,reisn]1 #ci1 #dd ,rome1 #aai ,r\g1 ,m4 de1 #aif ,roxelane1 #abg ,s ,sab\1 tomb (1 #ff ,sad1 !1 #ca1 #aac ,/4 ,seba/ian1 pa9t+s (1 #hc1 #hd ,sas1 #aje ,sate jewels1 #bja ,salad91 #ci ,salt ,collection1 !1 #abj1 #aid ,sn1 #aif ,snakht1 #ach ,sanma\t1 /atue (1 #if1 #ig ,san\osrt ,i1 /atue (1 #bb1 #df2 bas-relief (1 #bb1 #cg2 7,ousirtas571 #id1 #ie ,san\osrt ,,iii1 #id2 /atue (1 #df ,sap\ 7,sepa71 /atue (1 9 ! ,l\vre1 #ba1 #bi1 #fd ,saqq>ah1 necropolises (1 #ba1 #bi1 #di1 #ee1 #fc1 #ff1 #gf1 #he1 #hh1 #ie2 village (1 #gb ,sculpture 9 wood1 #agb-d1 #ahc-i ,scy?ians1 !1 #adj ,s]apeum1 !1 #ee1 #fj1 #fd1 #gi1 #ade1 #adf1 #adh1 #aej1 #aec1 #bjf ,s]db1 !1 #ea1 #fj1 #fb 8,s]vice des ,antiquits10 !1 #adc1 #aee1 #agh ,seso/ris1 #adj ,set9akht1 #ach ,set\ ,i1 #cj1 #cg1 #ie1 #aba1 #acj1 #ach2 hypogeum (1 #acd2 /atue (1 #ace ,set\ ,,ii1 #ach1 #afj ,%eph]d ,k+s1 !1 #bb1 #cb2 portraits (1 #aif ,%e%onq1 #aid ,sidi ,ahm$ el-,b$a\1 #baj ,simon1 ,h]r1 ( ,b]l91 #abi ,s9ai1 #abi ,si\t1 #ed ,siphtah1 #afj ,siphtah ,m5ephtah1 #ach ,si/rum1 nome ( !1 #da ,skhemka1 ! scribe1 #ee1 #ef1 #eh1 #ei1 #fj1 #fd1 #fe1 #hd ,sok>is1 boat ( ! god1 #bjc ,sovkemsa\f1 #bb ,sovkhotp\1 ! k+1 #bb1 #hd ,speos-,artemidos1 cemet]y ( cats at1 #bac1 #bad ,sph9xes1 ! s-call$ ,hykss1 #bh1 #cb ,/eph5son1 ,g5]al1 #adb ,sycomore1 ,canton ( !1 #da ,syria1 #ie1 #abd1 #aci1 #afd1 #aga ,t ,tah>k\1 #ajc ,tah>qa1 #aif ,taa1 #ih1 #ii1 #aba1 #abb1 #acd ,tama1 s++-girl ( ,ne?1 #afg1 #afi ,tanis1 #cb1 #ajb1 #aje1 #acg2 sph9xes (1 #bh ,tantah1 fair (1 #baj ,ta\asrt1 #agj ,tb\b\1 #ahd ,tell ,ba/ah1 ru9s (1 #bjh ,tell-el-,khanzir1 #adb ,!bad1 !1 #ajb ,!ban ,empire1 !1 #ba1 #bb1 #bh1 #cb ,!bes1 #bh1 #cj1 #ca1 #hh1 #ib1 #ic1 #ie1 #aje1 #abj1 #abc1 #abd1 #abe1 #abh1 #aca1 #acg1 #ade1 #aha1 #ahc1 #ahg ,!bes1 gov]nm5t (1 #ajc1 #ajd ,?9is1 #cj ,?9is-,abydos1 #bi ,?9ites1 !1 #bj1 #bi ,?ot1 city (1 #ca ,?\tmsis1 #ach ,?\tmsis1 /atue (1 #bb ,?\tmsis ,,iii1 #ia1 #id1 #if1 #ig1 #ih1 #ajg1 #aji1 #aab1 #aba1 #acd ,?\tmsis ,,iv1 #abd ,ti1 #hh2 /atue (1 #gj ,tyi1 #abf1 #abg1 #abh1 #abi ,tyi1 wife ( ,am5!s ,,iii1 #ajj ,t\aa1 #abb ,t\1 ! lady1 #agh1 #ahc1 #ahd1 #ahe1 #ahf1 #ahi ,t\m\mta\neb1 ! royal cupbe>]1 #afd ,t\rah1 lime/one (1 #di1 #agi ,t\tnkhamn\1 #acc1 #acd1 #ach ,t\tn\khaman\1 #ih1 #ii1 #ajj ,tur9 ,museum1 #fd1 #ahc1 #ahf1 #ahi ,tur9 papyrus1 !1 #aig ,u ,upp] ,egypt1 #da ,v ,vassalli1 #dg ,vi5na ,museum1 #bb ,vir*[1 #bae ,w ,wi$emann1 #bf ,wilk9son1 #baf ,z ,zagazig1 #aed1 #aee1 #aef1 #afe1 #aga ,zannehib\1 #bja1 #bjb1 #bjf ,! ,gre%am ,press1 ,,unw9 ,,bro!rs1 ,,limit$ ,,wok+ ,,& ,,london4 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcrib]'s note3 ,punctuation1 hyph5ation1 & spell+ 7 made consi/5t :5 a pr$om9ant pref]5ce 0 f\nd 9 ! orig9al book2 o!rwise !y 7 n *ang$4 ,spell+ discrepancies betwe5 ! ma9 text & ! ,index 7 resolv$ 9 favor ( ! ma9 text4 ,simple typographical errors 7 correct$2 unpair$ quotation m>ks 7 rem$i$ :5 ! *ange 0 obvi\s1 & o!rwise left unpair$4 ,illu/rations 9 ?is e,book h be5 position$ betwe5 p>agraphs & outside quotations4 ,9 v]sions ( ?is e,book t support hyp]l9ks1 ! page ref]5ces 9 ! ,li/ ( ,illu/rations lead to ! correspond+ illu/rations4 ,mo/ full-page illu/rations includ$ pr9t]'s in/ructions specify+ 8,to face p4 xxx40 ,^? in/ructions h be5 remov$ f ?is e,book4 ,footnotes1 orig9ally at ! bottoms ( pages1 h be5 collect$1 sequ5tially numb]$1 & plac$ at ! end ( ?is e,book1 j be=e ! ,index4 ,ref]5ces to ^? footnotes h be5 r5umb]$ 9 ! same way4 ,! index 0 n *eck$ = prop] alphabetization or correct page ref]5ces4