,transcrib]'s ,notes ,obvi\s typographical errors h be5 sil5tly correct$4 ,v>iations 9 hyph5ation h be5 /&>dis$ b all o!r spell+ & punctuation rema9s un*ang$4 ,italics are repres5t$ ?us italic1 bold ?us bold4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,,pott]y ,,o!r ,,books ,,by ,,m>y ,,:ite monogram ,,h[ ,,to ,,d ,,beadwork ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,,baskets ,,m ,,baskets ,,& ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,,!m ,illu/ration3 ,,newcomb ,,pott]y ,,jug ,h[ to ,make ,pott]y ,by ,,m>y ,,:ite ,illu/rat$ by ! ,au?or ,illu/ration3 ,publi%]'s device ,,new ,,york ,,d\bl$ay1 ,,page ,,company #aijd ,,copyright1 #aijd1 ,,by ,,d\bl$ay1 ,,page ,,company ,,publi%$1 ,,octob]1 #aijd ,ackn[l$gm5t is h]eby made to ! ,bureau ( ,am]ican ,e?nology = p]mitt+ ! use ( ! illu/rations reproduc$ 9 ,*apt] ,,xi4 ,to ,my ,husb& ,,preface ,an art l pott]y-mak+1 :i* is ne>ly z old z ! human race1 is naturally approa*$ ) "s degree ( rev]5ce4 ,"o ?9ks ( its old ma/]s 9 v>i\s l&s & ages--h[ !y 7 cont5t to sp5d a lifetime 9 ! /udy & practice ( x4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 ano!r ?\ght t comes to m9d--t ?is art1 l e o!r1 _h to h its beg9n+4 ,moreov]1 e pott]1 f ! primitive man :o fir/ realis$ t clay :i* held wat] c\ld be m\ld$ into portable vessels = a l purpose1 to ! arti/ pott] ( to-day1 has le>n$ ! fir/ /eps ( ! craft4 ,x 0 ?is ?\ght t enc\rag$ me to /udy ! beg9n+s ( pott]y1 & t leads me to (f] ?is book to ^? :o w\ld also />t clay-work+1 ) no o!r qualification ?an ! wi% to le>n h[ to make pott]y4 ,,cont5ts ,,*apt] ,,page ,i4 ,! ,clays & ,tools #c ,,ii4 ,h&-made ,pott]y #ae ,,iii4 ,work+ on ! ,:eel #bg ,,iv4 ,me?ods ( ,decoration #da ,v4 ,! ,glaze & ,h[ to ,apply ,x #ee ,,vi4 ,pott]y = ,beauty & ,use #fg ,,vii4 ,h[ to ,make a ,pla/] ,m\ld #ia ,,viii4 ,! ,mak+ ( a ,tile #ajc ,,ix4 ,! ,kiln #aac ,x4 ,basket-,cov]$ ,pott]y #abe ,,xi4 ,indian ,pott]y #adi ,,xii4 ,mod]n ,am]ican ,pott]y #afg ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations ,newcomb ,pott]y ,jug ,frontispiece ,,fac+ ,,page ,build+ a ,piece ( ,pott]y3 #a4 ,mak+ ! ,fir/ ,coil4 #b4 ,te/+ ! ,outl9e4 #c4 ,cont9u+ ! ,piece #ah ,work+ on ! ,:eel3 #a4 ,a pale-gre5 b[l = fl[]s4 #b4 ,a cream-jug4 #c4 ,a fl[]-j> ) two h&les4 #d4 ,a na/urtium b[l #ch ,me?ods ( ,decoration3 #a4 ,a l>ge fruit-b[l4 #b & #c4 ,l[ di%es = c&y4 #d4 ,a lamp-b[l #ch ,:]e ,use & ,beauty are ,comb9$ #fh ,pott]y = ,beauty & ,use3 #a4 ,rose-b[l4 #b4 ,a l[ ,dut* di%4 #c4 ,fruit-b[l #hj ,h[ to ,make a ,pla/] ,m\ld3 #a4 ,a pla/] m\ld4 #b4 ,a rose-b[l #hj ,pott]y = ,beauty & ,use3 #a4 ,lamp-b[l4 #b4 ,c&le/ick4 #c4 ,wall-j> = wat]-plants4 #d4 ,a fl[] c&le/ick #hj ,! ,mak+ ( a ,tile #ajh ,basket-cov]$ ,pott]y #abf ,indian ,pott]y #aef ,indian ,pott]y #afb ,teco ,w>e #agb ,"s ,pieces ( ,volkm> ,pott]y #agf ,a ,piece ( ,newcomb ,pott]y #agh ,,li/ ,,( ,,figures ,,figures ,,page #a #aj #b #aj #c #aj #d #aj #e #aj #f #aa #g #aa #h #ab #i #ag #aj #bg #aa #bi #ab #cc #ac #cc #ad #cd #ae #ce #af #ce #ag #ci #ah #ci #ai #ci #bj #de #ba #df #bb #di #bc #di #bd #ej #be #gj #bf #gb #bg #gc #bh #gg #bi #gi #cj #hj #ca #hd #cb #hd #cc #id #cd #if #ce #ii #cf #ajd #cg #ajd #ch #ajf #ci #ajf #dj #ajg #da #ajg #db #aji #dc #aji #dd #aae #de #aaf #df #abj #dg #abg #dh #acc #di #ach #ej #ada #ea #adb #eb #add #ec #aej #ed #aej #ee #aea #ef #aea #eg #aeb #eh #aec #ei #aed #fj #aee #fa #aef #fb #aeg #fc #afj #fd #afa #fe #afb #ff #aga #fg #aga #fh #agi ,! ,clays & ,tools ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,,pott]y ,,*apt] ,i ,,! ,,clays ,,& ,,tools ,clay is :at might be call$ ! drift ( ! rocks ( ages pa/4 ,mo/ /one consi/s ma9ly ( silica & alum9a4 ,9 "s bygone age1 ! pota% & o!r alkalies1 "u ! action ( heat1 fus$ ^! mat]ials into rock4 ,pota% is affect$ by ! atmosph]e1 s x gradually left ! rock1 :i* decompos$1 & ! _m p>ticles1 ! f9e refuse1 aft] v>i\s *anges became clay4 ,p]fectly pure clay1 or hydrat$ silicate ( alum9a1 is f\nd :]e "s granites & o!r felsp>-be>+ rocks h decompos$4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ye>s1 ! clays1 especially ^? on ! surface1 ga!r$ impurities4 ,black clay1 = example1 :i* is f\nd at ! top ( ! b$1 conta9s a l>ge p] c5t4 ( c>bon1 =m$ by decay$ leaves & twigs--l coal or peat4 ,/range to say1 ?is burns :it] ?an any o!r pott]y clay4 ,x conta9s m pota% ?an ! o!r clays1 & fires at a l[] heat4 ,! diff]5t proportions 9 :i* c]ta9 m9]als are f\nd 9 clays det]m9e _! pla/ic or non-pla/ic1 fusible or refractory "*4 ,pott]s h n be5 able to agree z to ! reason = ! pla/icity ( clay4 ,"s believe t ! silica gives x pla/icity2 o!rs t x is due to ! wat] inh]5t 9 ! clay 7:i* is call$ ! wat] ( comb9ation71 & give z _! reason = ! belief ! fact t burn$ clay loses its pla/icity1 nev] to get x aga94 ,yet wat] alone does n make e clay pla/ic3 o!r +r$i5ts are sometimes necess>y4 ,! e>ly pott] us$ ! clay j z x came f ! gr\nd1 b :5 he began to bake x 9 ! fire he f\nd t temp]+ mat]ials 7 necess>y4 ,s& 0 (t5 add$ to make x easi] to h&le1 & co>se1 %>p pieces ( %ell or rock help$ to prev5t ! clay f crack+1 by less5+ ! %r9kage4 ,lat]1 z ! art advanc$1 ! value ( c]ta9 mat]ials 9 regulat+ ! fusible & refractory qualities ( ! natural clay 7 recognis$4 ,!re is 9 clays ! play ( melt+ & non-melt+ sub/ances4 ,fl9t & alum9a are h>d1 & uphold ! clay 9 ! fi]ce fire ( ! kiln2 pota% & soda make x s(t & fusible4 ,x is believ$ t ! value ( gr\nd fl9t 9 pott]y 0 n discov]$ until late 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,! /ory is t a c]ta9 pott] travell+ on horseback 0 delay$ on acc\nt ( an inflammation ( 8 horse's eyes4 ,an o/l]1 wi%+ to help him out ( 8 difficulty1 took a fl9t f ! road1 &1 aft] putt+ x 9 ! fire until x 0 r$-hot1 ?rew x into cold wat]4 ,x broke into pieces1 pure :ite1 :i* 7 easily p[d]$ & appli$ to ! animal's eyes4 ,delight$ z ! pott] 0 ) ! cure ( 8 horse1 ! discov]y ( a :ite1 infusible mat]ial = 8 pott]y pleas$ him /ill m4 ,! comb9ation ( iron & lime 9 a clay =ms a natural flux4 ,= example3 ,fire-clay1 :i* is q refractory b :i* conta9s a small p] c5t4 ( iron1 w1 by ! addition ( a proportion ( :it+ 7lime71 become m fusible4 ,iron & lime 9 l>g] quantities are f\nd 9 ! clay :i* is made into r$ w>e--fl[]-pots1 r$ bricks1 & o!r common articles4 ,! l>ge p] c5t4 ( iron gives x its r$ col\r4 ,x does n make z /rong a w>e z o!r clays4 ,?is r$ w>e1 :i* fires at ! l[e/ heat1 we w classify z ,gr\p ,i4 ,to ,gr\p ,,ii4 belongs ! yell[ or ,rock+ham w>e4 ,?is fires at a light-orange heat1 f #a1hjj to #b1jjj degrees ,fahr5heit4 ,x is (t5 f9i%$ ) a d>k-br[n glaze4 ,mix+-b[ls & o!r kit*5 w>e come "u ?is gr\p4 ,gr\p ,,iii4 conta9s ! buff or cream w>e1 usually made ( fire-clays4 ,?is h>d5s at an int5se heat1 f #b1bjj to #b1ejj degrees ,fahr5heit4 ,9 ?is gr\p is ! f9e pott]y4 ,art pott]y comes "u ?is head4 ,gr\p ,,iv4 is ! buff or cream w>e1 fir$ at :ite heat & beyond4 ,?is is ! /onew>e4 ,on acc\nt ( ! great heat at :i* x is fir$1 x is possible to use only c]ta9 col\rs 9 ! glazes4 ,!y are limit$ to gray1 br[n1 gre5 & blue4 ,ox-blood has be5 obta9$ 9 ?is w>e1 b x is unc]ta94 ,cl>et-& v9eg>-jugs & butt]-crocks come 9 ?is gr\p4 ,gr\p ,v4 is ! :ite or tablew>e1 & ,gr\p ,,vi4 ! transluc5t w>e or porcela91 made ( kaol91 ! pure/ grade ( clay4 ,felsp> makes x meltable & transluc5t1 &1 to give x pla/icity1 a small proportion ( ball or fire-clay is add$4 ,pott]y clay diff]s f modell+ clay 9 t x has m /iff5+1 s to speak4 ,x is n s pla/ic1 b1 on ! o!r h&1 x w /& ! heat ( ! kiln1 :i* ! o!r w n4 ,! addition ( :it+ or felsp> to modell+ clay w give ! ne$$ /iffness4 ,a pott]y clay suitable = ! "w "o c produce 9 "o's kiln mu/ be s arrang$ z to h>d5 at ! degree ( heat at :i* ! kiln fires4 ,practically1 we %all h little to d ) any b ! blue or ball clay & fire-clay4 ,^! are ! be/ = pott]y :i* is to be beautiful z well z useful4 ,x is possible1 ( c\rse1 to use ! fl[]-pot clay1 &1 p]haps1 if "o c easily obta9 ?is clay1 & is ne> en\gh to a pott]y :]e ! r$ w>e is fir$--s t "o's pieces c conv5i5tly be s5t !re--x might be wis] to use x ?an to buy f9] clays t come f a great di/ance1 & !n be oblig$ to s5d "o's pott]y to a f>-away kiln = fir+4 ,! fl[]-pot w>e is n /rong1 h[ev]1 & f9e glazes _c be us$ ^u x1 s t1 if possible1 clay t w fire at a great] heat %\ld be *os54 ,a mixture ( fire-clay & ball or blue clay w give good results1 & ! pieces made ) x may be s5t to ! ne>e/ art pott]y or to a kiln :]e /onew>e is fir$4 ,hav+ once f\nd a good clay1 pott]s r>ely *ange4 ,9 fact1 ?is feel+ is s /rong ) "s t x am\nts almo/ to a sup]/ition4 ,a pott] :o has obta9$ a clay t is satisfactory 9 a c]ta9 ,/ate w always s5d to ! same ,/ate & b$ = t clay1 no matt] h[ f> he may be f x1 nor h[ ne>ly ! clay 9 8 own ,/ate may come to ! analysis ( t :i* he has us$4 ,! clay is1 ( c\rse1 br\ght f ! clay b$s 9 cak$ masses4 ,x %\ld be kept out ( doors1 = ! w9d & wea!r are good = x4 ,9 prep>+ x1 ! great lumps are p\nd$ up f9e & put ?r\gh a sieve 9 :i* !re are ?irty to =ty me%es to ! in*4 ,x is n[ ready = soak+4 ,a common mi/ake is to p\r wat] ^u ! clay 9 its rock /ate & !n employ a boy or sp5d "o's own "t knead+ x into condition4 ,! m simple & practical process is to sift x z already describ$1 & !n add ! p[d]$ clay to ! wat]4 ,9 ?is way1 ea* p>ticle is wet at once1 & 9 mu* less "t ! clay is ready = use4 ,if x proves t too mu* wat] has be5 provid$1 p\r (f "s aft] ! clay is well mix$1 &1 if x is /ill too moi/1 spread x ^u pla/] slabs 9 ! air2 :i* w soon dry x suffici5tly--! pla/] itself absorb+ mu* ( ! surplus moi/ure4 ,x is (t5 possible1 at slight exp5se1 to obta9 ! clay already siev$ & mix$ f a pott]y1 & ?is is1 ( c\rse1 an advantage4 ,keep y\r clay 9 a l>ge e>!rn crock 9 :i* a little wat] has fir/ be5 p\r$4 ,make deep holes ) ! ?umb & p\r wat] into !m4 ,cov] ) a damp clo? & !n ) ! e>!n top4 ,:5 ! clay dries out s mu* t x is difficult to m\ld1 let x dry ?or\ghly & p\nd x to a p[d] on a /rong b5* or table ) an old flat-iron4 ,x may !n be re-mix$1 z already describ$4 ,:5 ready to beg9 "w1 take a good-siz$ lump ( clay1 say ab\t t5 p\nds2 p\nd & knead x ^u a table4 ,!n draw a /rong wire ?r\gh x at ! middle1 divid+ x 9 halves4 ,press ! two out] surfaces toge!r1 knead+ out ! air-holes1 :i* w be f\nd on ! inn] surfaces4 ,?is process repeat$ a numb] ( times w f9ally expel all ! air-bubbles & leave ! clay 9 good condition = m\ld+4 ,clay t is to be us$ on ! :eel w ne$ to be mu* m ?or\ghly knead$ ?an t = h&-m\ld$ or built pott]y4 ,tools ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a to #d4 ,boxwood modell+ tools ,boxwood modell+ tools are useful = ! h&-m\ld$ pott]y & = decoration4 ,"o po9t$ tool1 l a %>p5$ p5cil 7see ,fig4 #a71 & ano!r d\ble-end$ "o1 ) po9ts t are m flatt5$ & r\nd$ 7see ,fig4 #b71 w be en\gh to />t )4 ,"o %\ld also h a d\ble-end$ /eel tool ) po9t$ knife-ends 7see ,fig4 #c71 = incis+ & o!r decorative "w4 ,a /eel tool ) n>r[1 flatt5$ ends 7see ,fig4 #d7 is necess>y = cutt+ away ! backgr\nd to leave ! design 9 l[ relief4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #f ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #e ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #g ,! tools = use ) ! pott]'s :eel are mo/ly ( ?9 /eel1 & may easily be cut f a %eet ( /eel :i* "o c buy ( a deal] 9 h>dw>e4 ,!re %\ld be an oval %ape1 two & a qu>t] by f\r in*es1 & ano!r ( ! same size & %ape ) ! edges cut 9 saw-tee? 7see ,fig4 #e74 ,!re %\ld also be a tool ) "o /raight side & ! o!r curv$ 7see ,fig4 #f71 & a rectangul> "o ab\t two by f\r in*es4 ,a hoe-%ap$ tool ( /eel 7see ,fig4 #g7 is indisp5sable = work+ on ! :eel1 z is a sl5d] po9t ( /eel1 an in* & a qu>t] long1 set 9 a wood5 h&le 7see ,fig4 #h71 & a piece ( /\t wire4 ,a rubb] poli%]1 ! size & %ape ( ! oval tool ( %eet /eel1 w also be f\nd useful4 ,^! may be b\ght ( deal]s 9 pott]s' tools4 ,a sponge1 a gr\nd-glass slab ab\t a foot squ>e1 a roll+-p91 & s&pap] are also ess5tial4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #h ,r\nd & squ>e slabs ( pla/] ( p>is %\ld be provid$ ^u :i* to put ! pieces ( pott]y :ile !y are be+ =m$4 ,^! may be b\ght or ca/ 9 m\lds1 accord+ to ! directions 9 ,*apt] ,,vii4 ,h&-made ,pott]y ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,h&-,,made ,,pott]y ,x is q important t ! pott] %\ld h a work%op--be x ev] s small--:i* clay-du/ & wat] w n h>m4 ,a light1 dry cell> is a good place1 or an outbuild+1 if "o lives 9 ! c\ntry4 ,! s5se ( fre$om :i* comes f work+ 9 ?is way is a help 9 accompli%+ good results4 ,protect$ by a long-sleev$ apron & 9 su* a place1 "o ne$ n h a c>e = clo!s or c>pets4 ,a /\t old table1 "o or two *airs1 & possibly a %elf1 ^u :i* to put ! f9i%$ pott]y--) ^!1 & ! pott]'s :eel & b5* 7see ,*apt] ,,iii471 "o w be well equipp$4 ,?is is tak+ = grant$ t "o has be5 able to buy "o's clay ready mix$4 ,o!rwise !re mu/ be a tub = mix+ ! clay1 & a sieve 7see ,*apt] ,i474 ,9 addition to ! clay & ! tools already m5tion$ 9 ,*apt] ,i41 a pit*] ( wat] w be ne$$1 & a b[l = ! 8slip10 or clay ?9n$ ) wat] to ! consi/5cy ( v ?ick cream4 ,! pott] is n[ ready = "w4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #i ,small pieces ( pott]y1 su* z di%es & c&le/icks1 may be m\ld$ ) ! h&s f a s+le piece ( clay 7see ,*apt] ,,vi472 b1 = l>g] pieces1 ! /rong & simple ,indian process ( build+ up ) coils ( clay is m satisfactory4 ,?is may be done 9 a v>iety ( ways4 ,ei!r ! piece is =m$ by coil+ ! /rips ( clay )9 a m\ld1 z describ$ 9 ,*apt]s ,,vi4 & ,,vii41 or by build+ x up by eye1 assi/$ by a c>dbo>d outl9e 7see plate71 or x may be =m$ entirely by eye1 l ! rose-b[l ) a mo? design 9 ,*apt] ,,vi4 ,! fir/ me?od1 :ile x is ! simple/1 is n ! be/ to beg9 )1 = "o relies too mu* ^u ! m\ld1 & unconsci\sly uses x too (t51 in/ead ( tra9+ "o's eye to make a true & beautiful =m4 ,! second me?od--te/+ ! =m ) a pa/ebo>d outl9e z ! piece is built--w be ! be/ to />t )4 ,hav+ decid$ ^u ! %ape he wi%es to make1 ! pott] draws x 9 outl9e 7natural size7 ^u a piece ( c>dbo>d4 ,x w be wise to *oose a =m z ne>ly l a cyl9d] z possible2 = example1 a j> = fl[]s4 ,! outl9e sket* is divid$ by a v]tical l9e rul$ exactly ?r\gh its c5tre4 ,ano!r /raight l9e1 p>allel ) ! fir/1 is drawn ?ree in*es to ! "r ( x4 ,! outl9e is !n cut out 7see ,fig4 #i7 s z to make a guide = ! cont\r ( ! j>4 ,a flat1 r\nd piece ( clay1 ab\t five in*es 9 diamet] & half an in* ?ick1 is n[ m\ld$ & plac$ 9 ! c5tre ( a pla/] tile4 ,9 ! middle ( ?is piece1 a circle1 two & ?ree-qu>t]s in*es 9 diamet]1 is drawn ) a tool4 ,a lump ( clay1 :i* has be5 well work$ to get out all air-holes1 is roll$ on ! table ) ! palms ( ! h&s 7ne> ! base ( ! ?umb7 lightly1 yet ) suffici5t pu% to make ! clay revolve :olly ea* "t4 ,if ! roll flatt5s f too h>d pressure1 pat x into circul> =m1 & cont9ue to roll x until x is ( ev5 ?ickness--ab\t an in* 9 diamet]4 ,x is !n flatt5$ ev5ly1 "o end is cut into a long po9t1 & ! coil is />t$ on edge1 n>r[ side up1 on ! circle drawn ^u ! clay bottom1 :i* has previ\sly _h l9es criss-cross$ ^u x back & =? ) a /eel tool1 to insure ! fir/ coil's cl++ to x4 ,to make ?is ev5 m c]ta91 a t\* ( slip is bru%$ lightly "h & !re ov] ! edge ( ! circle4 ,:ile ! ?umb & middle f+]1 on ei!r side ( ! coil1 support x1 ! =ef+] presses x d[n firmly on to ! bottom all ! way ar\nd 7see plate74 ,x is s mu* easi] to fl>e ! walls ( "o's piece ?an to make !m /raight1 or br+ !m 91 t !y %\ld be kept z ne>ly v]tical z possible1 especially 9 />t+4 ,:5 ! circuit has be5 made1 cut ! end ( ! clay /rip into a long1 flat po9t :i* w fit ev5ly 9 ) ! "o at ! beg9n+ ( ! coil1 & press ! edges toge!r ) ! flat ( ! nail ( f+] or ?umb4 ,?is is also done :]e ! edges ( ! coil come aga9/ ! bottom1 outside & 94 ,quick1 firm1 yet %ort /rokes ( ! nail up & d[n jo9 ! edges4 ,9 putt+ on ! second r[1 no m>k+ ) ! tool is necess>y--only to bru% x ) slip4 ,aft] ! second r[ is add$1 ! j> is put out 9 ! air = half an h\r or s1 until x has /iff5$ a little4 ,?is is suppos+ t ! pott] is work+ at a "t :5 ! clay w n freeze4 ,:5 ! wea!r is cold1 ! piece mu/ be left to /iff5 indoors1 z pott]y t has once froz5 is useless4 ,! inside ( ! bottom & walls are !n smoo!d ) great c>e1 =1 z x is to be a tall j>1 ?is mu/ be done be=e ! walls get too high4 ,two m r[s ( coil+ are n[ add$ z be=e1 te/+ ! %ape by press+ ! c>dbo>d outl9e close aga9/ x all ar\nd ! circumf]5ce4 ,aft] ?is1 ! j> is aga9 put out 9 ! air = half an h\r or s4 ,?is me?od is cont9u$ until ! j> is built up4 ,illu/ration3 ,,build+ ,a ,,piece ,,( ,,pott]y #a4 ,mak+ ! ,fir/ ,coil #b4 ,te/+ ! ,outl9e #c4 ,cont9u+ ! ,piece ,%\ld ! walls become weak & insecure f work+ !m too rapidly1 let !m dry = a long] "t1 sev]al h\rs or ov] night1 be=e f9i%+4 ,te/ ! %ape con/antly ) ! c>dbo>d outl9e4 ,:5 ! j> is z high z ! draw+1 or ev5 a qu>t] to half an in* high]1 let x dry ov] night4 ,x %\ld !n be smoo!d ) an oval /eel tool1 :i* has a saw-too!d edge 7see ,fig4 #e71 to take ! wor/ unev5ness (f4 ,! tool is b5t to fit ! %ape ( ! j> & held at "r angles ) x1 smoo?+ x ) %ort /rokes 9 diff]5t directions4 ,?is is done inside & out4 ,! holl[s are also fill$ 94 ,to d ?is1 wet ! spot fir/ ) slip & fill 9 ) clay z ne>ly ! consi/5cy ( t 9 ! j> z possible4 ,! sides are !n made p]fectly ev5 ) ! oval tool ) smoo? edges1 hold+ x z ! saw-too!d tool 0 held4 ,:5 !re are no holl[s or ridges & ! walls are ab\t a qu>t] ( an in* ?ick1 ! surface ( ! j> is smoo!d ) a damp sponge & poli%$ ) ! f+]s & ?umb inside & out1 tak+ c>e 9 h&l+ x n to hold x by ! edge1 b re/ x 9 ! holl[$ h&4 ,%\ld x h become v dry1 z x w 9 a comp>atively %ort "t 9 w>m wea!r1 s t x is light-gray 9 col\r1 x w be wise to smoo? x ) s&pap] in/ead ( ) ! sponge1 z 9 ?is /ate ev5 a little wat] may cause x to crack4 ,"o _c le>n too soon1 or h too (t5 impress$ ^u "o's m9d1 ! risk ( add+ wet clay to a piece ( pott]y t is mu* dri]4 ,! natural %r9kage :i* has already tak5 place 9 ! dry clay w be repeat$ 9 ! wet1 &1 z x %r9ks1 x w crack ! dri] clay4 ,cracks 9 clay are ( two k9ds--^? caus$ by %r9kage ( ! unbak$ or gre5 clay1 & ^? t come f cool+ too rapidly 9 ! biscuit or bak$ clay4 ,! =m] c usually be m5d$ satisfactorily1 b = ! latt] !re is no rem$y2 ! piece is spoil$4 ,to m5d a crack 9 clay t is only p>tially dry1 put a little slip into ! crack & !n "w 91 ) a modell+ tool1 clay ( ! consi/5cy ( ! piece4 ,if1 aft] dry+ long]1 ! piece cracks aga9--a long1 deep crack1 t goes ?r\gh to ! inside--!re is no way to m5d x except by cutt+ ! clay out on ei!r side = q a space beyond ! crack1 bru%+ bo? sides ) slip1 & fill+ 9 ) clay z ne>ly z possible ! consi/5cy ( ! piece4 ,?is is press$ 9 9 small bits1 little by little1 until ! gap is fill$4 ,if x %\ld crack aga9 9 small1 %ort places1 fill !m ) dry1 p[d]$ clay1 press$ 9 & m\ld$ ) a /eel tool4 ,9 case ( ! piece crack+ :5 x is bone dry--t is1 aft] x has dri$ = sev]al days & is pale-gray 9 col\r--gr9d "s pieces ( bak$ clay to a f9e p[d]1 add en\gh wat] to make a s(t1 yell[ pa/e1 & fill ! cracks ) x4 ,! edge ( ! j> is cut z ev5 z possible ) a tool1 & !n made p]fectly true by ! foll[+ me?od3 ,a little wat] is p\r$ on a gr\nd-glass slab1 & ! j>1 held bottom up1 is mov$ firmly b rapidly r\nd & r\nd on ! wet surface1 & !n quickly tak5 up 7by slid+ x (f at ! edge ( ! slab7 be=e x cl+s to ! glass4 ,! bottom mu/ n[ be f9i%$4 ,! j> is fir/ plac$ bottom up on a slab or table1 !n a circle is drawn ) a p5cil at ab\t half an in* f ! edge ( ! bottom4 ,?is is outl9$ ) ! po9t$ /eel tool1 & ! bottom )9 ! circle is ev5ly & c>efully cut out ) /rokes ( ! oval1 smoo?-edg$ tool1 s t ! outside r+ %all =m a ridge n ov] "o-sixte5? ( an in* above ! depress$ int]ior ( ! circle4 ,! pott] n[ cuts 8 initial or m>k1 :i* is made 9 z simple l9es z possible1 into ! bottom ) firm1 deep /rokes4 ,if ! j> is n v dry1 a wood5 modell+ tool may be us$ = ?is4 ,o!rwise1 ! po9t$ /eel tool is *os54 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 n to cut "u ! edge 9 mak+ ^! incis$ l9es4 ,! edges %\ld in/ead be bevell$1 s t1 :5 ! glaze is put on1 x w fl[ m freely ov] !m4 ,if possible1 ?is j>1 be+ l>ge1 %\ld be fir$ 9 ! biscuit--t is1 be=e x is glaz$1 & !n aga9 aft] x has be5 glaz$2 unless "o is oblig$ to s5d x a long di/ance to be fir$1 s t m ?an "o fir+ is impracticable1 9 :i* case x mu/1 ( c\rse1 be glaz$ on ! unbak$ clay4 ,a pale gre5 glaze 7see directions 9 ,*apt] ,v47 w complete x4 ,9 pack+ to s5d pieces to a f>-(f kiln by express1 use a wood5 box1 &1 aft] l9+ x ) newspap]1 wrap ! pieces 9 s(t pap]1 & pack !m c>efully 9 sawdu/4 ,work+ on ! ,:eel ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,work+ ,,on ,,! ,,:eel ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aj ,f ,encyclop$ia ,britannica ,t ! primitive pott] did n m\ld 8 pott]y on a :eel we c be reasonably sure4 ,! ,egyptians1 h[ev]1 z e>ly z #djjj ,b4 ,c41 us$ ! simple/ pott]'s :eel1 z is prov$ by fragm5ts ( pott]y /ill 9 exi/5ce4 ,?is :eel 0 a small1 r\nd table revolv+ on a pivot 7see ,fig4 #aj74 ,! pott] set x 9 motion ) 8 h&1 & f "t to "t gave x a sp9 to keep x revolv+4 ,! same :eel is us$ to ?is day 9 _m p>ts ( ,india4 ,an improvem5t on ?is simple contrivance 0 made 9 ,egypt "u ! ,ptolemies4 ,a l>g] circul> table 0 fix$ l[] d[n on ! same axis4 ,?is ! pott] set & kept 9 motion ) 8 foot1 leav+ 8 h&s free at all times to m\ld ! clay1 :ile ! :eel 0 kept at a regul> spe$4 ,:at is te*nically kn[n z 8?r[+0 or m\ld+ pott]y on ! :eel is a process t is n le>n$ 9 a mom5t1 or ev5 9 a day4 ,x takes "t & pati5ce1 b x is c]ta9ly "o ( ! mo/ fasc9at+ p>ts ( ! craft4 ,"o w\ld h lo/ half ( ! *>m ( pott]y-mak+ :o _h n felt ! pla/ic clay1 on ! pott]'s :eel1 rise & fall betwe5 8 h&s1 almo/ z if end[$ ) life6 ,! rapidity ) :i* pieces c be =m$ on ! :eel is an advantage ov] o!r processes1 :ile ! regul>ity ( %ape1 ref9em5t & p]fection ( f9i% give :eel-made pott]y a beauty all its own4 ,until lately1 few wom5 pott]s h work$ on ! :eel1 because ! ord9>y =m ( pott]'s :eel1 :i* 0 turn$ ) "o foot1 ! pott] /&+ on ! o!r1 made ! "w too difficult & labori\s = a woman to attempt4 ,n[1 h[ev]1 a :eel copi$ f an old ,fr5* model is 9 use :i* enables ! pott] to sit :ile at "w4 ,?is is ! :eel %[n 9 ,fig4 #aa4 ,x is obta9able f mak]s ( pott]s' tools4 ,! co/ ( su* a :eel1 ) an iron top & %aft1 & wood5 fly:eel made ( ?ree ?icknesses ( bo>ds1 is eighte5 doll>s1 b second-h& :eels c sometimes be b\ght = mu* less4 ,:5 ! :eel is set up1 ! %aft box 7a squ>e box bel[ ! upp] :eel7 is fa/5$ to ! edge ( a /rong table or %elf1 :i* has be5 plac$ 9 a good light4 ,a seat :i* slants =w>d1 n unlike a read+-desk 9 =m1 is made ( wood 7see ,fig4 #aa71 & set up ne> en\gh to ! :eel = a p]son sitt+ on x to rea* ! :eel com=tably4 ,x is brac$ by a bo>d on ei!r side ext5d+ diagonally =w>d1 f ! leg ( ! seat to ! floor1 & by a bo>d fa/5$ on ! "r ( ! top ( ! seat & rea*+ to ! table4 ,"u ! table a foot-re/1 r\ghly made ( bo>ds1 is ne$$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aa ,at fir/1 x w be wise to le>n h[ to set ! :eel 9 motion4 ,suppose we practice ?is a few times be=e beg9n+ to m\ld4 ,:5 "o is seat$ on ! incl9$ b5*1 ! left foot on ! re/1 ! "r foot />t+ j bel[ ! body1 ne> ! out] edge ( ! :eel1 sw+s ! fly:eel f "r to left4 ,! po9t ( ! foot is us$ = ?is4 ,f\r or five vigor\s turns are giv51 & !n ! foot1 sw++ ne>] ! iron %aft1 gives five or six m pu%es to ! fly:eel1 & is plac$ on ! foot-re/4 ,exp]t pott]s c turn ) ! foot :ile ! h&s are busy m\ld+1 b we :o are beg9n]s w d wisely to />t ! :eel revolv+1 !n1 keep+ bo? feet on ! re/1 give all our att5tion to ! h&-"w1 until ! sl[] revolutions w>n u t x is "t to give ! :eel ano!r />t4 ,"o caution %\ld be giv51 & x may n be out ( place "h3 ,d n "w too long a "t at ! :eel4 ,half or ?ree-qu>t]s ( an h\r's /eady "w at a "t w be en\gh4 ,aft] t1 leave x = half an h\r & y w n get physically or n]v\sly tir$2 besides1 ! "w w g mu* bett]4 ,h y\r tools & a b[l ( ?9 slip )9 easy rea* z y sit at ! :eel4 ,9 beg9n+ y\r piece1 a lump ( clay1 say ab\t two p\nds1 well work$1 is made into a ball4 ,wet ! top ( ! :eel1 !n rub x (f s z to leave ! :eel j moi/ en\gh = ! clay to /ick1 b n slipp]y1 s t x w slide4 ,! lump ( clay1 held 9 bo? h&s1 is !n ?r[n firmly on to ! c5tre ( ! :eel4 ,! bottom ( ! lump %\ld be well d[n on ! :eel1 & x is mo/ important to h x exactly 9 ! c5tre4 ,! h&s are wet ) slip1 :i* is also rubb$ ov] ! lump ( clay ) bo? h&s s t x is ?or\ghly moi/4 ,! :eel is n[ set 9 motion z already describ$1 & :5 x is well />t$1 & bo? feet are up on ! re/1 ! h&s held "o on ei!r side ( ! clay />t+ close to ! :eel1 move sl[ly up ! sides ( ! lump1 draw+ x up into a cone %ape4 ,! elb[s %\ld be well brac$ aga9/ ! sides ( ! body1 s z to hold ! h&s absolutely /eady1 = !y %\ld nev] wav] or sw+ ) ! :eel1 b hold true & firm4 ,if ! mass is n exactly 9 ! c5tre ( ! :eel1 or ! cone %ape is n ev51 ! h&s are aga9 wet ) slip1 a few drops ( :i* are %ak5 on to ! clay4 ,! ?umbs are laid toge!r1 & ! h&s at ! bases ( ! ?umbs are press$ firmly d[n on ! clay 7z ! :eel turns71 press+ x aga9 into m\nd %ape4 ,! h&s & clay are wet once m1 & ! :eel />t$4 ,! clay is n[ press$ up aga9 into ! cone =m1 tak+ great c>e to h ! pressure ev5 & sl[4 ,! h&s %\ld move1 aft] ea* revolution1 n m ?an a qu>t] ( an in*4 ,:5 a good cone %ape is made exactly 9 ! middle ( ! :eel1 ! piece is 8c5tr$40 ,9 ord] to prove t ! cone is absolutely 9 ! c5tre1 set ! :eel go+1 brace ! arms aga9/ ! body1 &1 /eady+ ! "r h& ) ! left1 move ! =ef+] ( ! "r clos] & clos] to ! cone1 until x all b t\*es x4 ,if ! figure hits 9 any "o place1 t w prove t ! cone is n c5tr$1 & x mu/ be press$ aga9 into m\nd %ape z already describ$1 b if x j cle>s x all ! way r\nd1 ! pott] proce$s to ! next /ep4 ,! ?umbs1 held close toge!r above ! clay1 are aim$ at ! exact c5tre ( x1 & _! ends press$ firmly b lightly 91 :ile ! :eel revolves once or twice4 ,?is is to m>k ! c5tre4 ,! next /ep is to holl[ out ! piece4 ,?is is also done ) ! ?umbs4 ,! h&s & clay be+ wet ) slip1 & ! :eel />t$ well1 ! f+]s inclose ! out] walls ( ! piece1 :ile ! ?umbs are press$ into ! c5tre ( ! clay firmly & decid$ly d[n to )9 less ?an half an in* f ! bottom4 ,?is is some?+ t ! pott] le>ns to "k almo/ by in/9ct--h[ close he c come to ! top ( ! :eel & yet leave a bottom ?ick en\gh to trim & f9i%4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ab4 ,two h&l$ conical j> ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ac ,a =m z ne>ly cyl9drical z possible w be ! simple/ to beg9 )4 ,suppose "o wi%es to make a j> ( ! %ape %[n 9 ,fig4 #ab4 ,! next /ep is to make ! walls ( equal ?ickness1 holl[+ ! bottom m4 ,to d ?is1 ! elb[s are brac$ aga9/ ! sides1 & ! f+]s plac$ 9 ! position %[n 9 ,fig4 #ac4 ,?is is "o ( ! ways 9 :i* ! h&s are made to support ea* o!r & "w 9 unison4 ,! diff]5t plac+s ( ! h&s1 to accompli% v>i\s results1 are kn[n z pott]'s grips4 ,9 ?is "o1 ! "r h&1 :i* rema9s outside ! piece 7ly+ close aga9/ x71 supports ! left by ! ?umb :i* re/s aga9/ x1 ! =ef+] ( ! "r h& hav+ previ\sly be5 coil$ ar\nd its ?umb 7see ,fig4 #ac74 ,! middle f+] ( ! left h& lies aga9/ ! wall ( ! piece inside4 ,! piece is ?us support$ outside & 9 by a h&4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ad ,/>t+ at ! bottom1 z ! :eel turns1 ! h&s1 held /eady & firm1 rise sl[ly ) ea* revolution ( ! :eel4 ,! "r presses m ?an ! left1 holl[+ ! bottom & walls ( ! piece4 ,sl[ly1 sl[ly1 ! h&s rise1 until ! top is rea*$4 ,if ! %ape is n q true1 ! h&s />t 9 ! same position at ! bottom & aga9 g up1 press+ h>de/ :5 pressure is ne$$1 & go+ lightly :]e x is n necess>y to alt] ! %ape4 ,ano!r position ( ! h&s 7see ,fig4 #ad7 may be us$ to press ! clay into a n>r[] =m4 ,?is mu/ be done ) great delib]ation & c>e1 h[ev]1 z too mu* pressure may make a crease 9 ! clay wall :i* w spoil ! piece4 ,:5 ! walls are ( ev5 ?ickness 7n m ?an a qu>t] ( an in*7 & ! %ape ab\t :at "o wi%es1 ! top mu/ be f9i%$4 ,fir/ ! edge is cut ev54 ,we w use = ?is ! tool %[n 9 ,fig4 #h4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ae ,hold+ ! tool1 :i* has be5 wet ) slip1 firmly 9 ! "r h&1 brace ! left by re/+ ! ?umb ne> :]e ! /eel is ins]t$ 9 ! wood 7see ,fig4 #ae74 ,z ! :eel turns1 lay ! left =ef+]1 wet ) slip1 j inside ! top ( ! piece1 & directly opposite 7at ! po9t :]e "o wi%es to cut ! top7 run ! po9t ( ! tool ?r\gh1 till x t\*es ! f+]1 & hold x /eady & firm till "o revolution ( ! :eel has be5 made4 ,! :eel is !n /opp$1 & ! edge t 0 cut lift$ (f deftly & quickly4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #af ,to s(t5 ! edge1 hold ! =ef+] & middle f+] ( ! "r h& ap>t 7see ,fig4 #af74 ,wet _! inn] surfaces ?or\ghly ) slip1 !n1 z ! :eel revolves1 hold !m /raight & firm 7:ile ! left h& /eadies ! wri/ ( ! "r7 & press ! r\nd$ jo9+ ( ! two f+]s g5tly b firmly d[n on ! top ( ! piece1 hold+ x !re /eadily till "o or two :ole revolutions ( ! :eel h be5 made4 ,if "o wi%es to h a m fl>+ top1 lay ! =ef+] ( ! "r h& inside ! edge ) ev] s slight an outw>d pressure1 :ile ! :eel turns once4 ,be=e p]fect+ ! bottom1 x may be z well to let ! piece /iff5 = half an h\r4 ,! hoe-%ap$ tool is us$ = cutt+ away ! extra clay "u ! bottom4 ,set ! :eel 9 motion1 !n take ! tool1 well moi/5$ ) slip1 9 ! left h&4 ,hold x firmly ) its long edge on ! top ( ! :eel 7if x is to be a long & gradual slope into ! bottom ( ! j>71 :ile ! "r h& /eadies ! top out] angle ( ! tool4 ,x is !n run 9 "u ! bottom & !re held till "o or m revolutions h cut away ! surplus clay4 ,%\ld "o wi% to make a m abrupt l9e up f ! bottom1 ! process is rev]s$1 ! "r h& holds ! tool1 ! %ort side ( :i* is laid on ! :eel1 :ile ! left h& holds ! outside top angle1 to /eady x4 ,aft] an h\r or two1 :5 ! piece has /iff5$ some:at1 x may be smoo!d1 & ! =m ref9$ or improv$1 if necess>y1 ) ! smoo?-edg$ oval tool ( %eet /eel4 ,:5 ! :eel is 9 motion1 ?is tool1 moi/5$ ) wat] & b5t to fit ! curves ( ! piece1 is held 9 ! "r h& at "r angles ) ! piece1 :ile ! left h& supports ! wri/ ( ! "r4 ,too abrupt angles may be s(t5$ & r\ghness remov$ ) ?is tool4 ,/>t at ! bottom ) x1 & move x up gradually1 ) ea* revolution ( ! :eel1 lightly1 except :]e ! =m ne$s mu* trimm+4 ,! rubb] poli%]1 wet ) wat]1 is n[ pass$ ov] ! surface 9 ! same way1 tak+ c>e t x is held at "r angles ) ! piece & ! h& t holds x is brac$ by ! o!r4 ,a /\t wire held close to ! piece on ei!r side is !n drawn "u x once or twice to prev5t its cl++ to ! :eel4 ,! next day1 or z soon z ! piece is /iff1 x is remov$ to a pla/] tile4 ,9 f9i%+ ! bottom1 ! :eel is fir/ scrap$ & wip$ clean ( all clay2 ! piece is !n plac$ on x bottom up & c5tr$4 ,?is is done by putt+ x z ne> ! middle z possible by eye2 !n :5 ! :eel is go+ well1 hold ! "r =ef+] or a wood5 tool1 well brac$1 close to ! piece4 ,see if x t\*es at any po9t1 & if s1 move t side ne>] ! c5tre4 ,roll f\r %ort pieces ( r /iff clay4 ,) two ( ^! make supports on ! :eel ab\t an in* high1 close to ! piece on ei!r side to hold x /eady--n close en\gh to cl+ to x4 ,two m supports are plac$ half-way betwe5 ! fir/ two4 ,get ! :eel go+ well1 & hold+ ! hoe-%ap$ tool s t its middle angle w /rike ! bottom ( ! piece ab\t half an in* f ! edge1 aim x truly & hold x /eadily till ! :eel has made "o or m revolutions1 :i* w m>k a circle4 ,)9 ?is l9e depress ! bottom slightly by cutt+ out a ?9 lay] ( clay4 ,?is is done ) ! rectangul> %eet /eel tool held fir/ ne> ! l9e1 !n ) ea* revolution ne>] ! c5tre till x rea*es x4 ,! pott] next cuts 8 m>k on ! bottom ) a wood5 tool1 if ! piece is n v dry1 o!rwise x %\ld be made ) a po9t$ /eel tool1 tak+ c>e to bevel ! edges ( ! incis$ l9es4 ,illu/ration3 ,,work+ ,,on ,,! ,,:eel ,on ! left is a pale-gre5 b[l = fl[]s2 beside x1 a cream-jug ) a gray-gre5 mat-glaze4 ,! fl[]-j> ) two h&les is also gray-gre51 & ! na/urtium b[l on ! "r has a dull blue mat-glaze4 ,illu/ration3 ,,me?ods ,,( ,,decoration ,! l>ge fruit-b[l on ! left has an incis$ design ( orange leaves ne> ! rim4 ,beside x is a l[ di% = c&y1 ) a built-up decoration ( r+s4 ,a design ( maple leaves is incis$ on ! o!r small di%1 & ! lamp b[l at ! "r ( ! plate has a pi]c$ decoration4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ag ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ah ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ai ,! j> is f9i%$ ) a h&le on ea* side4 ,roll out two /rips ( clay five & a half in*es long2 flatt5 !m1 & trim ! edges4 ,n[ m>k a place on ea* side ( ! top ( ! j>1 s t a l9e drawn f "o to ! o!r w\ld exactly divide ! top4 ,make two o!r m>ks 9 ! same way at ! bottom1 directly "u ^? at ! top4 ,^! are = guides 9 atta*+ ! h&les4 ,/>t+ at ! top1 bel[ "o ( ! m>ks1 criss-cross l9es ) ! /eel tool = an in* d[n ! side ( ! j>4 ,d ?is on ! o!r side ( ! j>1 & !n1 />t+ an in* above ! m>k on ei!r side ( ! bottom1 cut criss-cross l9es = an in* up ! side ( ! j>4 ,n[ take "o ( ! clay /rips1 bru% ! upp] criss-cross$ l9es on "o side ( ! j> ) slip1 & press ! end ( ! /rip ^u x1 work+ ! edges close aga9/ ! side ( ! j> ) ! flat ( ! nail4 ,! o!r end ( ! /rip is cut 9 a long po9t to fit ! =m ( ! j>1 & b5t into ! %ape %[n 9 ! plate4 ,wet ! criss-cross$ l9es bel[ x ) slip1 & atta* ?is end 9 ! same way z ! fir/4 ,! o!r h&le is put on 9 ! same mann]4 ,a mat-glaze ( gray gre5 7see ,*apt] ,v47 w complete ! piece4 ,su* =ms z are %[n 9 ,figs4 #ag & #ah c be made )\t any difficulty1 & !y w be mo/ attractive = %ort-/emm$ fl[]s--violets1 sweet peas1 or na/urtiums4 ,a cream-jug 7see plate7 is comp>atively simple4 ,! lip is =m$ ) a deft t\* ( ! f+] aft] ! piece is m\ld$1 & ! h&le add$ aft]w>d4 ,a dull-gre5 mat-glaze w make a *>m+ f9i% = ?is piece4 ,! j> %[n 9 ,fig4 #ai is m difficult to %ape1 b x is an excell5t "o = fl[]s4 ,me?ods ( ,decoration ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,me?ods ,,( ,,decoration ,! m simple & /rong pott]y designs are1 ! bett]4 ,^? t are intricate1 no matt] h[ beautiful1 are out ( place on ! big1 sub/antial =ms2 :ile delicate trac]ies are lo/ "u ! glaze4 ,"h1 z 9 basketry1 we c le>n mu* f ! "w ( primitive peoples4 ,9 apply+ su* designs1 simple me?ods1 too1 are be/--incis+1 build+ up ! outl9e s t ! design %all be rais$ above ! backgr\nd1 cutt+ away ! backgr\nd to leave ! design 9 l[ relief1 & pi]c+4 ,^! are good processes1 easy to le>n1 & effective 9 result4 ,9 />t+1 suppose we decorate a :eel-made piece--a l[ di% = c&y1 ) a built-up design ( r+s4 ,di% = ,c&y ) ,r+ ,design ,mat]ials requir$3 ,a :eel-made di% or b[l1 ,ultram>9e blue wat]-col\r pa9t1 ,a small wat]-col\r pa9t-bru% ) a f9e po9t1 ,a sauc] ( gr\nd1 bak$ clay1 mix$ ) wat]1 ,a pit*] ( wat]4 ,! l[ b[l %[n 9 ! plate is n difficult to m\ld on ! :eel4 ,aft] x has become bone dry--z x w 9 ?ree or f\r days--x w be safe to decorate x 9 ?is way4 ,be c>eful1 9 h&l+ ! piece1 n to grasp x by ! edge1 :i*1 9 all unbak$ pott]y1 b especially 9 t t is bone dry1 is ! mo/ fragile "p4 ,x %\ld be held 9 ! holl[ ( ! left h&1 :ile ! "r does ! "w4 ,h ready "s ultram>9e blue wat]-col\r pa9t mix$ ) wat] 9 a cup1 a small pa9t-bru% tap]+ to a f9e po9t1 & a sauc] 9 :i* is "s bak$ or biscuit clay1 pale yell[ 9 col\r1 gr\nd f9e & mix$ ) wat] to ! consi/5cy ( ?ick cream4 ,a jug ( wat] ne>by is also necess>y1 to ?9 ! clay mixture :5 x /iff5s4 ,! design *os5 is "o l>ge & two small r+s1 alt]nat+ ar\nd ! b[l ne> ! top 7see ,fig4 #bj74 ,fir/ measure ! circumf]5ce ( ! top ( ! b[l4 ,divide x into fif?s & m>k ! divisions ) ! pa9t-bru% & blue pa9t4 ,/>t+ a qu>t] ( an in* bel[ "o ( ^! m>ks1 draw a small r+1 ab\t half an in* 9 diamet]1 ) ! blue pa9t4 ,%\ld y make a mi/ake1 ! pa9t w erase easily aft] x is dry4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bj ,half an in* bel[ ! fir/ r+ ano!r is drawn4 ,"o ( ^! gr\ps ( two small r+s is made bel[ ea* ( ! five m>ks ar\nd ! top ( ! b[l4 ,!n />t+ half an in* bel[ ! top ( ! b[l1 & midway betwe5 two gr\ps1 draw a l>g] r+ ab\t an in* 9 diamet]4 ,"o ( ^! r+s is outl9$ 9 ! same way 9 ea* ( ! five spaces4 ,:5 ! design is p]fect$ & ! pa9t dry1 dilute a little ( ! bak$ clay 9 ! sauc] to ! consi/5cy ( ?9 cream1 & ) x & ! bru%1 ?or\ghly cleans$ f blue pa9t1 trace ! outl9es ( ! decoration4 ,use a full bru%1 & make ! l9es z uni=m z possible 9 wid? & ?ickness4 ,!re %\ld be f\r or m coats ( ?is mat]ial appli$ 9 ord] to build up ! design suffici5tly1 b only ! fir/ "o is ?94 ,?is is s t x %all cl+ to ! clay und]nea?4 ,! next & subsequ5t coats are made ) a ?ick] consi/5cy ( ! creamy mixture1 :i* mu/1 h[ev]1 be ?9 en\gh to fl[ freely f ! bru%4 ,d n add a coat until ! "o und]nea? is ?or\ghly dry4 ,! piece is n[ ready = glaz+4 ,a pale-gre5 glaze may be us$ 7see ,*apt] ,v474 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ba ,incis+ is an absolutely simple process1 :i* gives a *>m+ effect4 ,examples ( ?is me?od ( decoration are %[n 9 ! fruit-b[l ) a g>l& ( orange leaves j bel[ ! rim on ! inside 7see plate & ,fig4 #be71 & ! small] b[l ) a maple-se$ design 7see plate & ,fig4 #ba74 ,incis+ also helps ! pi]c$ design on ! rose-b[l describ$ 9 ,*apt] ,,vii4 ,to ,decorate a ,small ,b[l ) ,incis$ ,design ( ,maple ,se$s ,mat]ials requir$3 ,a small :eel-made b[l1 ,a po9t$ /eel tool1 ,a po9t$ boxwood tool1 ,a boxwood tool ) curv$ po9t4 ,! b[l1 a l[ "o1 is made on ! :eel accord+ to ! directions 9 ,*apt] ,,iii4 ,aft] x has dri$ = a day1 x may be decorat$ ) an incis$ design4 ,suppose we *oose = ?is a w+$ maple-se$1 ! simple outl9es ( :i* any "o c draw4 ,f tip to tip ( ! w+s %\ld measure at lea/ an in* & ?ree-qu>t]s4 ,if ! b[l is small1 n m ?an f\r & a half in*es 9 diamet] at ! top1 six se$s %\ld be made at equal di/ances ar\nd x4 ,fir/ measure ! circumf]5ce ( ! top ( ! b[l4 ,divide x into six?s1 & ) a p5cil m>k (f z _m divisions on ! edge ( ! b[l4 ,! design1 :i* is drawn s t ! se$ portion is d[n & ! little w+s turn up1 is fir/ outl9$ 9 p5cil ne> ! top ( ! b[l4 ,beg9 by draw+ ! se$ "p1 :i* %\ld be ab\t an in* bel[ a p5cil-m>k on ! edge4 ,) a boxwood po9t deep5 ! l9e1 & !n make ! incision /ill deep]1 us+ ! wood5 tool ) a curv$ po9t4 ,take c>e n to make a d\ble l9e 9 deep5+ ! fir/ outl9e2 x %\ld be a clean1 firm l9e1 ) a bevell$ edge4 ,avoid cutt+ "u ! edge1 z ! glaze w n run smoo?ly ov] x4 ,if ! piece is too dry to admit ( incis+ ) a wood5 tool1 use a po9t$ /eel tool at fir/ & f9i% ) a wood5 "o4 ,c]ta9 p>ts ( ! design %\ld be acc5t$ by deep5+ ! l9e--= example1 ! r\nd$ se$ portion1 p>ticul>ly :]e x jo9s ! w+s4 ,?is b[l may be f9i%$ ) a pale-gre5 mat-glaze 7see ,*apt] ,v47 or ) a s(t br[n "o4 ,a decoration t is left 9 l[ relief by cutt+ away ! backgr\nd is admirable = "s pieces4 ,! mo? design on ! rose-b[l 9 ,*apt] ,,vi4 is made 9 ?is way4 ,! design is fir/ drawn on ! piece 9 p5cil4 ,next x is outl9$ ) firm1 sure /rokes1 us+ a po9t$ /eel tool1 & tak+ great c>e n to cut "u ! edge ( ! outl9e1 b bevel x1 z 9 o!r processes4 ,g ov] ! :ole outl9e ( ! design aga9 ) a boxwood po9t1 mak+ ! l9es deep]4 ,!n />t close to ! edge ( ! outl9e ) ! /eel tool1 :i* has a flat po9t1 & scrape away f x1 cutt+ z deep z ! outl9e1 close to ! design1 & slop+ gradually up to no?+ at ab\t half an in* f x4 ,c]ta9 p>ts ( ! design may be emphasis$ by cutt+ ! outl9e some:at deep] at ^? po9ts4 ,be sure to cut away en\gh clay ab\t ! design to leave x 9 decid$ relief1 = ! glaze s(t5s ! edges1 & makes !m too indef9ite if !y are n firm & cle> 9 ! beg9n+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bb ,pi]c$ decorations are p>ticul>ly good on pott]y4 ,su* simple designs z ^? 9 ,figs4 #bb1 #bc1 & #bd w be f\nd ! mo/ satisfactory4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bc ,9 plann+ a pi]c$ decoration = ! top ( a piece1 take c>e n to />t x too close to ! rim2 ?ree-qu>t]s ( an in* or m %\ld be left betwe5 ! edge & ! decoration1 o!rwise ! pi]c+ w weak5 ! piece4 ,outl9e ! design fir/ 9 p5cil1 !n ) firm1 cle> /rokes foll[ ! l9e ) ! po9t$ /eel tool4 ,! l9e is trac$ a second "t /ill m deeply4 ,all ! clay )9 ! outl9es is cut out z f> z ! incision has be5 made1 & !n ! %>p po9t ( ! tool is run ?r\gh ! wall close to ! l9e4 ,:ile ! clay is be+ cut away ) ! "r h&1 ! left supports ! inn] wall ( ! piece4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bd ,:5 ! :ole design has be5 pi]c$1 moi/5 ! f+] ) wat] & s(t5 ! edges ( ! decoration1 t ! glaze may fl[ freely ov] x4 ,decorations 9 high relief are made z foll[s3 ,small lumps ( clay1 z ne>ly z possible ! consi/5cy ( ! piece ( pott]y1 are appli$ to ! portions :i* are to be decorat$1 & :i* h previ\sly be5 criss-cross$ ) a /eel tool1 & wet ) slip4 ,! design is !n m\ld$ ) ! h&s & wood5 modell+ tools1 work+ ! edges close on to ! surface ( ! piece4 ,! ,glaze & ,h[ to ,apply ,x ,,*apt] ,v ,,! ,,glaze ,,& ,,h[ ,,to ,,apply ,,x ,clay t is simply bak$1 )\t a glaz$ coat+1 w n hold wat] p]fectly4 ,"o c imag9e :at a bl[ x mu/ h be5 to ! e>ly pott] :5 he f\nd t ?is 0 ! case4 ,"s say t he us$ wax at fir/ to close ! pores ( 8 pott]y1 & lat]--p]haps by ! ov]heat+ ( a kiln--glaz$ pott]y 0 discov]$4 ,pott]y t is s(t w develop a semi-glaz$ surface :5 ov]fir$1 & x is probable t "s su* accid5t sugge/$ ! use ( ! glaze4 ,! fir/ glaze 0 d\btless a pure silicate ( soda4 ,oxide ( lead add$ to ?is made x m fusible1 b x 0 n z h>d or durable4 ,:at is kn[n z biscuit is bak$ clay por\s & )\t gloss--= example1 a fl[]-pot4 ,glossy pott]y has a v ?9 lay] ( glaze ^u x4 ,! ,samian w>e ( ! ,greeks furni%es examples ( ?is f9i%4 ,glaz$ pott]y is cov]$ ) a p]ceptible coat+ ( glass4 ,enamell$ w>e1 or pott]y ) a mat-glaze1 has a glaz$ coat+ made opaque ) oxide ( t94 ,?is f9i% is us$ on "s ( ! mo/ beautiful art pott]y4 ,glazes may be col\r$ ) c]ta9 metallic oxides )\t los+ _! transp>5cy4 ,"o is (t5 confus$ by he>+ ! t]ms enamel & glaze c>elessly us$4 ,enamel %\ld be us$ to describe a vitre\s coat+ t is opaque1 & glaze a glossy1 transp>5t surface--bo? may be col\r$4 ,! t]m mat-glaze is an exception to ?is rule4 ,?is means an opaque glaze ) a glossy f9i%4 ,! mat]ials ( :i* glazes are compos$ are ab\t ! same z ^? t ent] into ! composition ( clays ) a few additions4 ,!re is 9 glazes1 z 9 clays1 ! play ( s(t & h>d mat]ials1 or ! flux & frit4 ,fl9t1 alum9um1 or *9a clay =ms ! frit or h>d1 refractory portion2 pota%1 soda1 lead or borax ! melt+ "p or flux4 ,! addition ( clays gives durability4 ,9 prep>+ ! flux1 x is melt$ l glass & !n cru%$ to p[d]4 ,! frit mu/ fir/ be melt$1 !n dropp$ f ! crucible into wat] be=e x c be p[d]$4 ,! mak+ ( glazes is n (t5 done by amateurs1 & unless "o is plann+ to />t pott]y-mak+ z a bus9ess1 & requires l>ge quantities ( glazes1 x is be/ to buy !m f a reliable deal]4 ,!y come 9 ! =m ( p[d]--s(t glaze1 h>d glaze1 & /annifre1 :i* is a h>d glaze ) "s oxide ( t9 add$1 to make x opaque4 ,! s(t glazes are us$ on w>e :i* fires at a l[ heat1 & is !re=e n durable4 ,a l>ge proportion ( h>d glaze mu/ be add$ to make ! prep>ation applicable to a pott]y :i* is fir$ at an int5se heat1 :ile if "o wi%es a mat-glaze ! /annifre is also us$4 ,! col\r+ mat]ials may be b\ght ( ! same deal]4 ,!y are z foll[s3 ,antimony = yell[1 cobalt = blue1 copp] = gre51 *rome = gre51 manganese = br[n1 & iron = br[n4 ,r$ oxide ( iron col\rs a purpli% r$1 & c>bonate ( copp] makes a gray gre5 t is v beautiful4 ,a gr\nd glass or /one slab1 on :i* to mix ! glaze1 & a palette knife1 w be requir$2 also a small quantity ( gum-arabic & ( gum tragacan?1 a small teacup1 & a measur+-glass4 ,^!1 ) two or ?ree s(t pa9t-bru%es ( v>i\s sizes--"o t is an in* wide1 "o small]1 & ano!r l>g]--w be en\gh ( an outfit to />t )4 ,! gum-arabic %\ld be dissolv$ 9 wat] to ! consi/5cy ( honey4 ,x is us$ 9 ! fir/ coat ( glaze to b9d ! glaze & prev5t x f rubb+ (f4 ,q a little ( x may be prep>$ at a "t & kept 9 a cov]$ glass j> until ne$$4 ,! gum tragacan? is b\ght 9 small quantities--five c5ts' wor? at a "t4 ,cov] ?is am\nt ) "o p9t ( wat] & let x /& ov] night4 ,9 ! morn+1 /ra9 x ?r\gh a f9e sieve & put x away 9 a glass j> till x is ne$$4 ,if possible1 v l>ge pieces ( pott]y %\ld be fir$ be=e !y are glaz$--9 ! biscuit1 z x is call$4 ,small & m$ium-siz$ pieces may be glaz$ on ! gre5 clay--! t]m by :i* unbak$ clay is kn[n among pott]s4 ,! piece %\ld h dri$ ?or\ghly = sev]al days1 until x is light gray 9 col\r1 & :at is kn[n z bone dry4 ,x is decorat$1 if decoration is requir$1 & !n glaz$4 ,all vessels t are us$ to hold or measure glaze %\ld fir/ be dipp$ 9 wat] to prev5t wa/e f ! glaze cl++ to !m4 ,! h&s %\ld be wa%$ ?or\ghly aft] work+ ) glazes1 z "s ( ! mat]ials us$ are poison\s4 ,= ! inside ( mo/ pieces a transp>5t glaze is us$1 :e!r ! out] glaze is to be transp>5t or opaque4 ,all ( ! odds & ends ( transp>5t glaze1 no matt] :at ! col\r1 t are left aft] ea* glaz+1 are p\r$ into a l>ge b[l or o!r vessel :i* is kept = ! purpose4 ,! mixture ( all col\rs 9 ?is comb9ation ( glazes makes a neutral t9t :i* h>monizes mo/ agreeably ) ! out] glaze1 :atev] its col\r4 ,x is appli$ z foll[s3 ,to ,glaze ! ,inside ( a ,piece ( ,pott]y ,take a small cupful ( transp>5t glaze1 &1 hold+ ! piece ( pott]y ov] ! l>ge vessel conta9+ ! liquid1 p\r ! cupful ( glaze into x1 roll+ x ar\nd ! inside ( ! piece quickly b c>efully1 s z to h x cov] ! entire inn] surface4 ,!n turn ! piece deftly & sudd5ly bottom up1 s z to empty x into ! l>ge vessel )\t lett+ any ( x drip ov] onto ! outside ( ! piece4 ,%\ld ?is happ51 by accid5t1 rub x quickly (f ) ! f+]s4 ,! ,outside ,glaze & ,h[ to ,apply ,x ,! mo/ satisfactory f9i% = ! outside ( f9e pott]y is a mat or opaque glaze 9 any s(t dull %ade ( gre51 br[n1 blue1 yell[1 or ! r$ obta9able ) r$ oxide ( iron4 ,= an art pott]y1 compos$ ( fire-& blue-clay1 :i* requires a /rong heat1 ! foll[+ glaze is applicable3 ,gray-,gre5 ,mat-,glaze ,mix #a tablespoonful ( s(t glaze1 tablespoonful ( /annifre1 & tablespoonful ( ,*9a clay1 toge!r on a /one or glass slab ) a palette knife1 add+ teaspoonful ( gum-arabic & en\gh wat] to make ! consi/5cy a little ?ick] ?an ?ick cream4 ,ab\t teaspoonful ( c>bonate ( copp] add$ to ?is mixture 7& gr\nd ?or\ghly into x ) ! palette knife7 w make a light gray-gre54 ,= deep] %ades increase ! quantity slightly4 ,! t9t appe>s mu* light] ?an x w :5 fir$2 inde$1 9 ! col\r+ ( glazes1 z 9 pa9t+ on *9a1 ! work] ne$s a great deal ( fai?1 = until ! magic ( ! kiln br+s out ! col\rs "o w\ld nev] guess :at !y 7 to be4 ,9 apply+ ! glaze1 place y\r piece bottom up on a table1 or o!r flat surface4 ,dip a s(t1 flat pa9t-bru% into ! b[l ( glaze1 & beg9n+ ) ! bottom1 pa9t x on 9 %ort /rokes 9 e direction--:at an arti/ w\ld call cross-hat*+--& ov]lapp+ slightly l ! %+les on a h\se4 ,! bottom receives b "o coat ( glaze1 z x is liable to /ick 9 fir+ & be unev5 if x has m ?an "o4 ,next />t at ! sides1 ne> ! bottom 7z ! piece /&s upside d[n71 & pa9t d[n = an in* or two all ar\nd4 ,! piece is !n set "r side up1 provid+1 ( c\rse1 t ! bottom is dry1 :i* x w be und\bt$ly1 & ! re/ ( x is glaz$4 ,f "t to "t /ir up ! glaze f ! bottom1 t x may be ?or\ghly mix$4 ,! edge especially %\ld be c>efully cov]$1 & ! out] glaze may ev5 be br\ght ov] inside ! piece a little4 ,be=e apply+ ! second & ?ird coats 7= ! piece receives ?ree7 two teaspoonfuls ( gum tragacan?1 well mix$ accord+ to directions1 are add$ to ! glaze4 ,9 putt+ on ! second coat1 ! piece is aga9 plac$ upside d[n on ! table1 & beg9n+ :]e ! sides jo9 ! bottom1 ! glaze is appli$ z be=e4 ,! sides & top edge only are glaz$ ?is "t4 ,! ?ird coat1 :i* is put on :5 ! second is dry1 is begun at ! top edge1 cov]+ x well1 & is end$ gradually & unev5ly half way d[n ! sides4 ,pale-gre5 ,mat-,glaze ,to make a light] %ade ( gre51 ) j a h9t ( yell[ to s(t5 x1 add to half ! quantity ( ! glaze fir/ mix$ z mu* aga9 ( ! uncol\r$ glaze & a slight spr9kl+ ( yell[4 ,x w be se5 f ^! directions h[ mu* ! col\r+ ( glazes is l ! bl5d+ ( pigm5ts = a picture4 ,x is a delightful field = exp]im5t1 & ! elem5t ( *ance is suppli$ by ! kiln1 :i* (t5 does unexpect$ & int]e/+ ?+s to "o's col\rs & glazes--leav+ "h1 a t\* ( br[n ab\t ! rim to relieve an expanse ( gre52 !re1 a metallic t+e almo/ l lu/re2 & aga9 ! biscuit peeps ?r\gh ! glaze1 giv+ a w>m] tone to ! edge ( a decoration4 ,9 mix+ ! glaze = a piece t has be5 fir$ 9 ! biscuit1 make x a little ?ick] ?an t = use on ! gre5 clay--ab\t ! consi/5cy ( :ipp$ cream4 ,x is appli$ some:at diff]5tly1 too4 ,a pott] w\ld tell y to rag x on--t is1 put x on ) firm1 %ort /rokes1 us+ ! ends ( ! hairs ( ! bru% in/ead ( ! flat "p4 ,let ea* coat dry well be=e ! next is appli$4 ,?ree or f\r coats w be necess>y1 except = ! bottom1 :i* receives b "o4 ,aft] ! fir/ coat1 gum tragacan? is add$1 z 9 glaz+ on gre5 clay4 ,! f\r? coat ne$ n entirely cov] ! piece1 b ! top %\ld be c>efully glaz$4 ,if = any reason ! pott]y has to be re-fir$1 x %\ld be reglaz$1 b two coats only w be necess>y1 & ! glaze ne$ n be q s heavy z t us$ on ! biscuit4 ,d n be disc\rag$ if y\r pieces ne$ a second or ev5 a ?ird fir+1 = (t5 ! mo/ beautiful results are obta9$ by re-fir+4 ,quality--t comb9ation ( ri*ness1 & dep? ( col\r & texture--r>ely comes ) ! fir/ fir+4 ,pott]y = ,beauty & ,use ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,pott]y ,,= ,,beauty ,,& ,,use ,:5 "o ?9ks ( ! limitless possibilities ( pott]y 9 h\sehold decoration--! great di%es = fl[]s & fruit1 ! lamp-b[ls1 c&le/icks1 & tiles--"o may make1 "o c h>dly wait to beg94 ,n[ is ! *ance to "w out a long-treasur$ idea = a mat*-b[l1 or a plant-j> to hang aga9/ ! wall or w9d[ frame4 ,n[ "o c %[ ! sup]iority ( "o's conceptions ov] ! /upid ?+s 9 %ops6 ,let u ha/5 to get out ! clay & beg94 ,d>k-,gre5 ,fruit-,b[l ,mat]ials requir$3 ,ab\t #d p\nds ( clay1 ,a pla/] m\ld = a b[l1 #aj or #aa in*es 9 diamet] at ! top1 ,! oval tools ( %eet /eel1 ,! wood5 modell+ tools1 ,! po9t$ /eel tool1 ,a fl9t bag1 ,a roll+-p91 ,a b[l ( slip1 ,a small sponge4 ,take a good lump ( clay1 ab\t f\r & a half p\nds1 well work$ & free f air-bubbles4 ,beat out a piece ) ! flat ( ! h& on a table until x is ab\t ?ree-qu>t]s ( an in* ?ick & m ?an l>ge en\gh to cov] ! bottom ( ! pla/] m\ld y h *os54 ,x %\ld be ( ev5 ?ickness1 & may be roll$ ) a roll+-p9 to make x smoo?4 ,be sure t ! pla/] m\ld is clean & free f scraps ( clay4 ,!n du/ x ) p[d]$ fl9t ti$ up 9 a cotton clo?4 ,n[ fit ! flat piece ( clay c>efully into ! bottom ( ! b[l m\ld1 press+ x firmly1 b lightly1 aga9/ x4 ,cut ! edge ev5ly ar\nd4 ,next a long rope ( clay is roll$ z describ$ 9 ,*apt] ,,ii4 ,x %\ld be an in* 9 diamet]1 & long en\gh to g ar\nd ! b[l j above ! bottom4 ,pat x flat & ev51 & cut "o end into a long po9t4 ,aft] cross-cutt+ ! edge ( ! bottom piece 7to insure its hold+ firmly to ! coil above71 bru% x ) slip & lay ! coil along1 press+ x firmly on to ! edge ( ! bottom piece4 ,"w ! edges ( ?is piece & ! coil toge!r ) firm1 %ort /rokes ( ! flat "p ( ! ?umb or =ef+] nail4 ,:]e ! coil jo9s ! o!r end x is cut into a long1 flat po9t t w fit exactly ! po9t at ! beg9n+1 complet+ ! r[4 ,illu/ration3 ,,:]e ,,use ,,& ,,beauty ,,are ,,comb9$ ,= ! next coil no cross-cutt+ ) ! tool is necess>y1 b o!rwise ! process is ! same 9 jo9+ ?is & subsequ5t coils4 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 to press ! clay firmly aga9/ ! walls ( ! m\ld1 z well z ^u ! coil bel[4 ,:5 ! inside ( ! m\ld is cov]$1 if a deep] b[l is desir$1 add "o or two m coils above ! edge1 tak+ c>e to h !m slope 9 su* a way z to cont9ue ! l9es ( ! b[l4 ,x is !n set away to h>d54 ,! next day ! clay w h dri$ & %runk suffici5tly to come easily away f ! pla/]4 ,! b[l is !n plac$ bottom up on a table or flat slab1 & ! holl[s left betwe5 ! coils on ! outside are wet ) slip & fill$ 9 ev5ly1 ) clay ( ! consi/5cy ( t 9 ! piece4 ,?is w take "t & c>e4 ,! b[l is !n all[$ to dry = an h\r or two4 ,next x is c>efully scrap$ & made ev52 fir/ ) ! oval /eel tool ) a saw edge1 held at "r angles ) ! b[l & curv$ to fit ! =m3 ?is is to get ! l>ge bumps (f4 ,x is !n c>efully ev5$ (f ) ! smoo?-edg$ oval tool b5t to fit ! curves ( ! b[l4 ,! inside is made smoo? & ev5 9 ! same way1 bru%+ any deep holl[s ) slip & fill+ !m 9 ) clay4 ,?is process %\ld be c>efully & consci5ti\sly done1 s t ! walls ( ! b[l1 z "o feels !m betwe5 f+] & ?umb1 are ev5 & free f lumps4 ,!y %\ld n be m ?an a qu>t] ( an in* ?ick4 ,a damp sponge is !n pass$ ov] ! b[l1 & ! f+]s & ?umb smoo? & poli% x outside & 94 ,! edge is trimm$ z ev5ly z possible by eye ) a /eel tool & !n bevell$ z foll[s3 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #be ,on a l>ge slab ( gr\nd glass p\r a little wat]1 :i* %\ld be spread ov] ! glass till x is ?or\ghly wet4 ,n[1 hold+ ! b[l bottom up1 firmly ) bo? h&s1 press its edge quickly & ) a circul> motion flat on ! glass4 ,x mu/ be done s rapidly & deftly t x w n /ick1 b makes ! edge ev5 & true4 ,slip x (f at ! side ( ! slab in/ead ( lift+ x up f ! c5tre4 ,! bottom is f9i%$ z describ$ 9 ,*apt] ,,ii4 ,if ?is is done 9 ! morn+1 ! b[l w be ready = ! decoration 9 ! aft]noon4 ,?is is a b& ( orange leaves 7see ,fig4 #be71 deeply incis$ ne> ! top ( ! b[l on ! inside 7see ,*apt] ,,iv474 ,m "* w be giv5 to ! design if ! l9e is broad & deep1 p>ticul>ly at ! po9ts ( ! leaves1 :i* are ?us emphasis$4 ,?is piece be+ s l>ge1 %\ld1 if possible1 be fir$ 9 ! biscuit & !n f9i%$1 inside & out1 ) a d>k-gre5 mat-glaze 7see ,*apt] ,v471 & fir$ aga94 ,c&le/ick1 ,?umb ,design ,mat]ials requir$3 ,ab\t #a p\nds ( clay1 ,! boxwood modell+ tools1 ,! po9t$ /eel tool1 ,a pla/] slab1 ,a small sponge4 ,?is /urdy little c&le/ick %[s t x is h& m\ld$ by ! m>ks ( ! pott]'s ?umb on base1 h&le & c&le cup4 ,! squ>e base is m\ld$ f a s+le l>ge piece ( clay4 ,?is is patt$ flat & ev5 ) ! ?ick "p ( ! h&1 & !n cut squ>e & ! sides turn$ up = ab\t an in*1 mak+ ! base ab\t five in*es squ>e & ?ree-eigh?s ( an in* ?ick4 ,x is !n plac$ on a pla/] slab1 & ! corn]s are press$ 9 ) a firmly held ?umb4 ,! sides ( ! squ>e base are m\ld$ into a gradual inw>d curve1 & ! corn]s are slightly depress$ 7see plate74 ,a cup = ! c&le 7see ,fig4 #bf7 is made by roll+ a piece ( clay into cyl9drical =m1 ab\t an in* & ?ree-qu>t]s 9 diamet] & two in*es & a qu>t] long4 ,at ! top ( ?is roll1 ! f+] makes a holl[ = ! c&le4 ,x %\ld be rememb]$ t ! clay %r9ks bo? 9 dry+ & fir+1 s ?is hole %\ld be a trifle l>ge & deep = ! c&le4 ,! sides ( ! cup1 at ab\t an in* f ! top1 are squ>$ & press$ 9 s t ! f\r corn]s w /& out l columns4 ,! holl[$ sides betwe5 ! corn]s %[ ! m>k ( ! ?umb 7see ,fig4 #bf74 ,! c5tre ( ! base is n[ wet ) ?ick slip & ! c&le cup press$ firmly on to x1 :ile ! edges are m\ld$ closely on to ! base4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bf ,a piece ( clay is !n roll$ & flatt5$ into a h&le an in* 9 diamet] & five in*es long4 ,?is is put on at "o corn] ( ! base1 & is n atta*$ at any o!r po9t4 ,be=e m\ld+ x on to ! base1 t\* ! corn] lightly ) ?ick slip1 to insure its hold+4 ,:]e ! h&le jo9s ! base x is made ?ick & sub/antial by add+ a little extra clay4 ,! pr9t ( ! ?umb is made :]e ! h&le jo9s ! corn]1 ano!r is press$ on ! top1 & ano!r /ill on ! end ( ! h&le 7see plate & ,fig4 #bg74 ,to support ! h&le until x dries1 roll a ball ( s(t pap] "u x4 ,aft] ! c&le/ick has /ood = a few h\rs out-(-doors or indoors ov]night1 x is c>efully trimm$ ) "o ( ! wood5 tools or ! %>p-po9t$ metal "o1 tak+ c>e to leave suffici5t ?ickness to give x a /urdy1 sub/antial "*1 yet n en\gh to make x clumsy4 ,x is !n rubb$ ov] ) a damp sponge & poli%$ ) ! ?umb & f+]1 :i* w smoo? away any lumps & give ! piece a h&-m\ld$ look4 ,%\ld !re be any v deep holl[s to make x unev51 !y %\ld be wet ) slip v slightly & fill$ 9 ) clay z ne>ly ! consi/5cy ( t 9 ! c&le/ick z possible4 ,:5 x is bone dry1 x w be ready = ! glaze 7see ,*apt] ,v474 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bg ,b[l = a ,lamp ,mat]ials requir$3 ,ab\t #c p\nds ( clay1 ,a pla/] m\ld = a b[l1 ,! wood5 modell+ tools1 ,! oval %eet /eel tools1 ,! po9t$ /eel tool1 ,a roll+-p91 ,a fl9t bag1 ,a small sponge4 ,hav+ *os5 a good m\ld = y\r b[l1 bru% x inside ) gr\nd fl9t ti$ 9 a cotton clo?1 s t ! clay w n /ick to x4 ,n[ beat out a piece ( well-work$ clay on a bo>d1 ) ! flat ( ! h&1 until x is p]haps two in*es m 9 diamet] ?an ! bottom ( ! m\ld1 & half an in* ?ick4 ,x %\ld be roll$ smoo? ) ! roll+-p94 ,lay x 9 ! m\ld1 press+ x firmly aga9/ ! bottom & sides4 ,x may n be out ( place "h to say t no tool b a wood5 "o %\ld be us$ 9 work+ 9 m\lds1 z metal tools are liable to injure ! pla/]4 ,! edge ( ! bottom piece is next cut ev5 ) a wood5 modell+ tool1 & a lump ( clay is =m$ into a rude cube %ape betwe5 ! h&s & !n roll$ out on a table or bo>d ) ! flat ( ! h& till ab\t ?ree-qu>t]s ( an in* 9 diamet]4 ,?is roll ( clay is flatt5$ ev5ly = its :ole l5g?4 ,! top edge ( ! bottom piece is m>k$ ) criss-cross l9es & wet ) slip4 ,! roll ( clay is !n />t$ on edge1 along ! top ( ! bottom piece1 press$ firmly d[n ^u x & aga9/ ! sides ( ! m\ld4 ,x is jo9$ to ! bottom ) firm1 ev5 /rokes ( ! ?umb or =ef+] nail4 ,:5 ! circuit has be5 made1 ! two ends1 ea* cut 9 a long1 flat po9t1 s t !y w unite p]fectly1 are jo9$4 ,ano!r roll is n[ made1 ! upp] edge ( ! previ\s coil is wet ) slip1 & ! coil is atta*$ 9 ! same way1 be+ c>eful to />t at a diff]5t place f :]e ! previ\s coil 0 jo9$4 ,?us ! :ole b[l is built up4 ,:]e !re are any decid$ holl[s made by jo9+ ! coils1 !y %\ld be fill$ 9 ) clay ( ! consi/5cy ( ! piece1 & ! bottom & sides smoo!d ) damp5$ f+] or modell+ tool4 ,if a mod]ately deep m\ld has be5 *os51 aft] ! sides are cov]$ ) lay]s ( clay1 f\r or m coils may be add$ above ! m\ld to make a deep] b[l1 cont9u+ ! sides 9 a graceful l9e4 ,to d ?is1 :5 ! fir/ coil above ! m\ld has be5 atta*$1 ! b[l is set away1 out ( doors = fifte5 or tw5ty m9utes if x is 9 summ] or indoors = a long] "t if "o is work+ 9 ! w9t]4 ,:5ev] two coils h be5 built up1 ! piece is set away to h>d54 ,^! coils1 be+ free f ! m\ld1 c be jo9$ on ! outside z well z )94 ,!y are br\ght gradually 9 7see plate7 until !re is a space five & a half in*es 9 diamet] at ! top4 ,if a c5tral-draught lamp is to be us$ 9 ?is b[l1 a pi]c$ design w be practical1 z x does away ) ! necessity = a hole at ! bottom ( ! b[l4 ,!re is mu* to be done1 h[ev]1 be=e ! piece is ready = ! design4 ,:5 x has /ood = f\r or five h\rs or ov]night1 ! b[l c be lift$ f ! m\ld1 ! cracks on ! outside :]e x 0 impossible to jo9 ! coils are wet ) slip & fill$ 9 ) clay ( ! consi/5cy ( ! b[l1 us+ ! f+] or a wood5 tool4 ,:5 ! b[l is q dry1 x is smoo!d inside & out1 fir/ ) ! oval tool ) saw tee?1 & !n ) ! smoo?-edg$ "o1 z describ$ on page #ai4 ,! /rokes ) ^! tools %\ld be %ort & firm1 9 e direction4 ,! piece is !n turn$ bottom up1 a circle is drawn half an in* 9 f ! edge ( ! bottom1 & ! clay )9 x scrap$ out1 s z to leave a flat surface slightly l[] ?an ! out] rim4 ,?is is :]e ! pott] cuts 8 m>k--a simple1 quickly made initial 9 lieu ( a signature4 ,! top edge1 aft] x has be5 cut z true z possible by eye1 is made absolutely ev5 by ! me?od describ$ on page #gj4 ,! :ole piece is !n rubb$ ) a damp sponge & smoo!d & poli%$ ) ! f+]s4 ,x is n[ ready = ! design 7see ,fig4 #bh74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bh ,! top edge ( ! b[l is m>k$ (f into fif?s1 & at ?ree-qu>t]s ( an in* f ! top ! design is drawn ) p5cil1 s t ea* "t x is repeat$ ! c5tre %all be directly bel[ a m>k on ! edge4 ,x is fir/ incis$ ) a metal tool1 9 firm1 sure l9es4 ,aga9 ! outl9e is trac$1 ?is "t m deeply4 ,!n ! clay )9 ! l9es is cut out z deep z x has be5 incis$1 & f9ally ! %>p edge ( ! tool cuts ?r\gh ! wall1 close to ! l9e4 ,! left h& %\ld support ! inn] wall ( ! b[l dur+ ?is process4 ,:5 ! :ole design has be5 made1 dip ! f+] 9 wat] & s(t5 ! edges ( ! cut portion4 ,! b[l is n[ ready = glaz+4 ,if possible1 x w be bett] to fire su* a l>ge piece z ?is 9 ! biscuit be=e glaz+4 ,x w look well if glaz$ ) gray blue or d>k gre5 7see ,*apt] ,v474 ,wall ,j> = ,plants or ,fl[]s ,mat]ials requir$3 ,ab\t #d p\nds ( well-mix$ clay1 ,a pla/] slab ab\t #aj by #ab in*es1 ,! oval tools ( %eet /eel1 ,! po9t$ /eel tool1 ,a roll+-p91 ,ultram>9e blue wat]-col\r pa9t1 ,a m$ium-siz$ pa9t-bru% ) f9e po9t1 ,a sauc]ful ( gr\nd1 bak$ clay1 mix$ ) wat]4 ,an ,indian wat]-j> ( basketry1 sme>$ ) p9on gum1 po9t$ at ! bottom s t x c\ld be set upright 9 ! gr\nd or hung by lea!r ?ongs to a tree1 sugge/$ ! =m ( ?is j>4 ,"o side is made flat1 s t x c hang aga9/ ! wall ( libr>y or piazza hold+ "s long trail+ plant t gr[s 9 wat]1 ivy1 or w&]+ ,jew1 or wild fl[]s ga!r$ on a walk ?r\gh woods & lanes4 ,:at m appropriate way to make x ?an ! ,indian process describ$ 9 ,*apt] ,,ii48 ,we %all ne$ ab\t f\r & a half p\nds ( clay1 well mix$4 ,a l>ge lump1 almo/ two p\nds1 is flatt5$ out on a table1 ) ! ?ick "p ( ! h& & !n made ev5 ) ! roll+-p94 ,! %eet ( clay %\ld be t5 by twelve in*es1 & n less ?an ?ree-eigh?s ( an in* ?ick4 ,^u x ! j> =m %[n 9 ,fig4 #bi is outl9$ ) a p5cil1 mak+ x z l>ge z possible to all[ = %r9kage4 ,x is !n cut out ) ! po9t$ /eel tool & transf]r$ v c>efully to a l>ge pla/] slab1 :]e x rema9s :ile ! walls are be+ built ^u x4 ,a coil ( clay is roll$ out1 z describ$ 9 ,*apt] ,,ii41 & beg9n+ at ! left side ( ! j> %ape1 at ! top1 x is atta*$ to ! edge 7:i* has previ\sly be5 criss-cross$ ) a /eel tool & wet ) slip71 all ! way ar\nd to ! opposite side ( ! top4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bi ,! j> is !n put 9 ! air until q h>d1 :5 ! next coil is add$ 9 ! same way4 ,! ?ird coil is br\ght 9 a little t[>d ! c5tre1 & subsequ5t coils come 9 /ill m1 s z to make ! =m t ( a j> cut exactly 9 half4 ,aft] ea* coil is atta*$1 x %\ld be left 9 ! air to /iff51 or ! clay b5ea? w n support ! coil 9 progress1 s great is ! /ra9 9 =m+ su* a %ape4 ,ea* "t a coil is add$ ! wall bel[ %\ld be criss-cross$ ) ! /eel tool 7an extra precaution7 & wet ) slip4 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 n to make ! walls too ?ick1 & to jo9 ! coils & f9i% ! inside z x is made2 =1 :5 ! j> is complet$1 x is impossible to get ! h& & tool 9 f> en\gh to smoo? & f9i% x well4 ,:5 ! j> is made1 except = a diamond-%ap$ gap 9 ! middle ( ! front wall1 ! piece to fill x is cut & fitt$ 94 ,x w lie almo/ p>allel ) ! back wall4 ,take c>e to make x full l>ge = ! op5+1 & jo9 x to ! inn] edges mo/ c>efully1 = "h1 if any:]e1 is ! j> liable to crack4 ,! top is n[ made ev5 by eye1 us+ ! po9t$ /eel tool4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cj ,illu/ration3 ,,pott]y ,,= ,,beauty ,,& ,,use ,! pale-gre5 rose-b[l ) a mo? design1 at ! left1 has beside x a l[ ,dut* di%4 ,on ! "r is a fruit-b[l ) a deep-gre5 mat-glaze4 ,illu/ration3 ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,a ,,pla/] ,,m\ld ,at ! left is a pla/] m\ld1 & beside x a rose-b[l :i* 0 p>tially =m$ )9 x4 ,see *apt] ,,vii4 ,illu/ration3 ,,pott]y ,,= ,,beauty ,,& ,,use ,! lamp-b[l on ! left has a gray-blue mat-glaze4 ,next to x is a c&le/ick1 ) ! m>ks ( ! pott]'s ?umb on e "p4 ,! wall-j> 9 ! backgr\nd is = plants t gr[ 9 wat]4 ,on ! "r is a fl[] c&le/ick 9 gre5 & :ite4 ,:5 ! j> is some:at dry1 two h&les 7see plate7 are =m$ ( rolls ( clay 7! consi/5cy ( t us$ 9 mak+ ! j>71 five & a half in*es long by an in* wide & half an in* ?ick4 ,^! are firmly atta*$ to ! back wall ( ! j> at ! top 7see plate71 accord+ to ! me?od describ$ on pages #ci & #dj4 ,! decoration 7see ,fig4 #cj7 is drawn on ! r\nd$ front wall ( ! j> ) ultram>9e wat]-col\r1 & !n built up ) p[d]$ burnt clay & wat] 7see directions 9 ,*apt] ,,iv474 ,if possible1 ?is piece %\ld be fir/ fir$ 9 ! biscuit4 ,a glaze ( d>k gray gre5 7see ,*apt] ,v47 w f9i% x mo/ attractively4 ,dut* ,di% = ,c&y ,mat]ials requir$3 ,ab\t #a p\nds ( clay1 ,! wood5 modell+ tools1 ,! %>p-po9t$ /eel tool1 ,a pla/] tile1 ,a roll+-p94 ,a qua9t ,dut* di%1 br\ght f ,holl& ye>s ago1 0 ! model = ?is /urdy little piece ( pott]y4 ,x may be us$ = c&y or to hold a vase ( fl[]s1 or a pott$ plant1 protect+ a poli%$ table4 ,a lump ( clay is roll$ on a table ) ! h&s & a roll+-p9 to ! ?ickness ( half an in*4 ,^u ?is clay %eet a rectangle f\r & a qu>t] by f\r & a half in*es is drawn ) a p5cil & cut out ) ! po9t$ /eel tool4 ,x is !n transf]r$ to a pla/] tile4 ,to ! edge ( ?is rectangle a coil ( clay is atta*$ accord+ to ! directions 9 ,*apt] ,,ii41 & fl>$ slightly outw>d1 tak+ c>e n to make ! corn]s %>p1 b r\nd$ & ev54 ,aft] ! fir/ coil has /iff5$1 & ! sides h be5 made some:at uni=m & ?91 x is cut ev5 by eye1 curv+ ! edge up gradually t[>d ! middle ( ! sides & depress+ x slightly at ! corn]s4 ,a second coil is n[ add$1 b in/ead ( atta*+ x to ! top ( ! fir/ "o1 x is jo9$ j bel[ ! top & inside ! fir/ coil4 ,:5 x has /iff5$ suffici5tly 9 ! air1 ! di% is smoo!d c>efully inside & out ) ! h& & ! wood5 modell+ tools1 mak+ ! walls ev5 & ?9 & p]fect+ ! %ape4 ,! effect ( legs is giv5 by cutt+ "u ! sides1 beg9n+ half an in* above ! bottom4 ,if ?is is />t$ ?ree-qu>t]s ( an in* f ! corn]s1 x w leave a /urdy1 %ort leg an in* & a half wide at ea* ( ! f\r corn]s ( ! di%4 ,a roll ( clay ab\t five & a half in*es long1 an in* wide1 & ?ree-eigh?s ( an in* ?ick is made into a h&le 7see plate71 :i* is atta*$ at ! middle ( "o ( ! sides ( ! di%4 ,at ! two po9ts :]e x is to be jo9$1 ! side ( ! di% is criss-cross$ ) ! /eel tool & wet ) slip4 ,! bottom is f9i%$ by draw+ a squ>e ) a p5cil1 half an in* 9 f ! edge1 & depress+ x )9 ! squ>e1 s z to leave a flat1 ev5 surface4 ,! pott]'s m>k is !n made )9 ?is squ>e4 ,a pale gre5 mat-glaze 7see ,*apt] ,v47 makes a *>m+ f9i% = ?is piece4 ,rose-,b[l ) ,mo? ,design ,mat]ials requir$3 ,ab\t #e p\nds ( clay1 ,a roll+-p91 ,! oval %eet-/eel tools1 ,! po9t$-/eel tool1 ,! /eel tool ) a flat end1 ,a pla/] tile4 ,?is rose-b[l1 :i* is %[n 9 ! plate1 0 built up )\t a pa/ebo>d outl9e4 ,if "o's eye is reasonably true ?is is n a difficult matt]1 b o!rwise ! outl9e process 7see ,*apt] ,,ii47 may be foll[$4 ,a piece ( clay is fir/ patt$ flat ) ! h&1 & !n roll$ out ) ! roll+-p91 until x is six in*es squ>e & ab\t five-eigh?s ( an in* ?ick4 ,^u ?is clay %eet a circle is m>k$1 five in*es 9 diamet]1 cut out & plac$ on a pla/] tile4 ,! edge is criss-cross$ ) a /eel tool & wet ) slip1 & ! fir/ coil is atta*$ 7see ,*apt] ,,ii474 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ca ,two coils are built up1 & !n !y are press$ outw>d to =m ! beg9n+ ( ! outl9e1 %[n 9 ,fig #ca4 ,?is outl9e 0 tak5 f ! l[] sweep ( ! w+s ( a lun> mo?1 & ! same mo? =ms ! relief design ^u x 7see ,fig4 #cb74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cb ,! b[l is !n put out-(-doors until ! clay is suffici5tly firm to support two m coils4 ,^! are add$2 fl>+ !m to foll[ ! outl9e1 & !n ! b[l is put away to h>d5--9 ! air1 if ! temp]ature is n too cold1 o!rwise indoors4 ,x is built up exactly z 0 ! fl[] j> 9 ,*apt] ,,ii41 except t !re is no c>dbo>d outl9e to te/ x2 ! eye alone is ! guide4 ,great c>e %\ld be tak5 n to add ! coils until ^? bel[ are q /iff1 = ! decid$ fl>e makes x difficult to keep ! sides firm & true 9 outl9e4 ,! circumf]5ce ( ! b[l1 at its wide/ "p1 %\ld be ab\t ?irty in*es4 ,:5 x is f9i%$1 ! sides )9 & )\t are smoo!d1 fir/ ) ! saw-edg$ oval tool1 !n ) ! smoo? "o4 ,! edge is cut z true z possible by eye1 & made p]fectly level by press+ x quickly & lightly on ! gr\nd-glass slab1 wet ) cle> wat]1 z already describ$4 ,a damp sponge is !n pass$ ov] ! piece1 inside & out1 :ile ! f+]s rub & poli% x dry4 ,! bottom is f9i%$ & ! pott]'s m>k made z describ$ 9 ,*apt] ,,ii4 ,:5 ! b[l is ?or\ghly dry--say ! foll[+ day--x is ready = ! decoration4 ,divide ! circumf]5ce ( ! top ( ! b[l into fif?s1 ) p5cil m>ks1 lightly made4 ,!n draw ! design ^u x1 s t ! top ( ! upp] w+s %all be n less ?an an in* f ! edge ( ! b[l4 ,make ! mo?s z ne>ly life size z ! b[l w all[4 ,?ree & a half in*es across1 f tip to tip ( ! upp] w+s1 ) spaces an in* & a half betwe5 !m1 w look well1 if ! b[l is l>ge en\gh4 ,hav+ drawn ! design 9 p5cil1 outl9e x firmly ) ! %>p /eel tool1 tak+ c>e to bevel ! edge ( ! design4 ,nev] cut "u ! edge1 z ! glaze w n fl[ well ov] x4 ,g ov] ! outl9e1 mak+ x firm & deep1 ) a wood5 po9t4 ,n[1 />t+ close to ! edge ( ! mo?1 ) ! flat-po9t$ /eel tool scrape away f x1 s z to cut z deep z ! outl9e1 close to ! design1 & %ave (f to no?+ at ab\t half an in* f x4 ,?is w give a l[ relief effect1 :i* is v attractive4 ,! ant5n are incis$ 7see ,*apt] ,,iv471 & ! m>k+s ( ! mo? may be built up ) gr\nd1 bak$ clay1 s z to height5 ! relief4 ,! b[l may be glaz$ a pale gre5 ) a slight yell[ t+e 7see ,*apt] ,v47 to sugge/ ! col\r ( ! mo?4 ,x %\ld1 h[ev]1 if possible be fir$ fir/ 9 ! biscuit4 ,fl[] ,c&le/ick ,mat]ials requir$3 ,ab\t #a p\nds ( clay1 ,! wood5 modell+ tools1 ,a pla/] tile4 ,a c&le/ick 9 fl[] =m may be made 9 gre5 & :ite1 = a b$room 9 a c\ntry h\se4 ,five leaves1 mu* ! %ape ( poppy leaves1 radiate f ! c5tre1 mak+ a base f :i* ! /em rises = ?ree in*es4 ,a r\nd1 slightly flatt5$ calyx1 topp$ by a five-petall$ fl[]1 =ms ! cup = ! c&le4 ,a six? leaf1 />t+ at ! c5tre ( ! base1 curls ov] until its tip re/s sideways aga9/ ! /em1 s]v+ ! d\ble purpose ( a h&le & a brace = ! /em4 ,! base %\ld be modell$ fir/1 f a s+le piece ( clay1 plac$ on a pla/] tile4 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 to h x suffici5tly ?ick--at lea/ half an in* 9 mo/ places4 ,al?\gh ! leaves %\ld be indicat$1 d n try to c>ry ! leaf =m way to ! c5tre ( ! base4 ,let ! irregul> outl9e ( ! :ole base1 ) an occasional rais$ tip1 or edge ( a leaf1 sugge/ r ?an imitate leaves4 ,! leaf t =ms ! h&le w1 ( c\rse1 be m c>efully modell$4 ,n[ m\ld ! /em1 ab\t an in* 9 diamet] & ?ree in*es long1 ) ! calyx on ! end1 an in* & ?ree-qu>t]s 9 diamet]1 & an in* high4 ,aft] criss-cross+ ! middle ( ! base ) ! po9t$-/eel tool1 wet x ) slip & set ! /em on ! base1 work+ ! edges firmly on to x ) ! flat ( ! nail & wood5 modell+ tools4 ,! leaf = ! h&le is br\ght ov] aga9/ ! /em ) a graceful turn1 & !re fa/5$ ) a t\* ( slip & "s clay add$ und]nea?4 ,be c>eful to h ! :ole c&le/ick sub/antial1 & n at all ?9 9 con/ruction1 or x w sugge/ metal "w r ?an pott]y4 ,aft] ! c&le/ick has /iff5$ = a few h\rs1 a five-petall$ fl[]1 ?ree & ?ree-qu>t] in*es 9 diamet]1 is modell$ & put on top ( ! calyx1 :i* has fir/ be5 criss-cross$ & wet ) slip4 ,! cup = ! c&le is next holl[$ out 9 ! c5tre ( ! fl[] & calyx1 rais+ ! edge ( ! fl[] c5tre slightly above ! surr\nd+ petals4 ,! c&le cup %\ld be a trifle l>g] ?an x w ne$ to be :5 f9i%$1 z x %r9ks some:at 9 dry+ & fir+1 & ! glaze1 too1 fills x up a little4 ,be sure1 also1 to h x deep en\gh to hold ! c&le4 ,! base1 /em1 & h&le are f9i%$ ) a gray gre5 mat-glaze 7see ,*apt] ,v471 :ile ! petals are :ite--! uncol\r$ mat-glaze4 ,h[ to ,make a ,pla/] ,m\ld ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,a ,,pla/] ,,m\ld ,9 build+ pieces ( pott]y ^: walls h a decid$ fl>e1 a pla/] m\ld w be f\nd mo/ useful4 ,its sides support ! coils ( clay & enable ! pott] to =m 8 piece mu* m rapidly & surely ?an he c\ld by eye1 or ev5 ) ! c>dbo>d outl9e4 ,x %\ld1 h[ev]1 be us$ ) judgm5t1 r z an aid 9 beg9n+ a piece :i* is aft]w>d f9i%$ by eye ?an z a m\ld 9 :i* pieces are duplicat$4 ,turn+ out _m pieces exactly alike sav\rs ( comm]cialism & does n develop ! pott]'s individuality4 ,sev]al b[l-%ap$ m\lds1 v>i$ 9 =m & fl>e1 if us$ z sugge/$1 w be a great assi/ance to ! pott]4 ,!y are made q easily1 z foll[s3 ,a ,b[l-%ap$ ,m\ld ( ,pla/] ,mat]ials requir$3 #f or #h p\nds ( clay1 well mix$1 ,a b[l1 or m\ld 9 b[l %ape1 ,a di%pan full ( pla/] ( p>is1 ,a di%pan ( wat]1 ,a bag ( gr\nd fl9t1 ,a piece ( oilclo? #h in*es wide by #a y>ds long1 #b clo!s p9s1 ,a /\t cord or rope1 ,a wood5 w$ge1 ,a few drops ( olive oil1 ,! wood5 modell+ tools1 ,! rectangul> tool ( %eet /eel1 ,a l>ge hoe-%ap$ tool1 ,a l>ge kit*5 spoon4 ,hav+ *os5 ! b[l t y wi% to copy1 du/ x ) a cotton clo? 9 :i* gr\nd fl9t is ti$1 & roll out a piece ( clay two or m in*es l>g] 9 diamet] ?an ! bottom ( ! b[l1 & ab\t an in* ?ick4 ,press ?is c>efully into ! bottom1 mak+ sure t x t\*es ev]y:]e4 ,n[ roll out sev]al o!r pieces ( ! same ?ickness1 l>ge en\gh to rea* f ! upp] edge ( ! bottom piece to ! rim ( ! b[l1 & f\r or five in*es wide4 ,! upp] edge ( ! bottom piece hav+ be5 cut ev5 & wet ) slip1 ^! pieces are press$ d[n firmly & jo9$ to x ) ! nail /roke be=e m5tion$4 ,great c>e is also tak5 to press ^! pieces aga9/ ! sides ( ! b[l4 ,:5 ! b[l is l9$ 9 ?is way ) a coat+ ( clay an in* or m 9 ?ickness at e po9t close aga9/ its walls1 ! clay is smoo!d ev5ly on top1 on a l9e ) ! rim ( ! b[l 7us+ ! rectangul> tool ( %eet /eel7 & set outside to h>d54 ,:5 some:at firm1 ! b[l is fill$ 9 ) clay until only a space ! size ( a man's h& is left 9 ! middle4 ,x is !n set away1 ?is "t ov] night1 to h>d54 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cc ,! next day ! clay w h dri$ & %runk suffici5tly to enable ! pott] to slip x out ( ! m\ld4 ,any cracks or holl[s t may be f\nd on ! outside are wet ) slip & fill$ 9 ) clay ( ! consi/5cy ( ! piece4 ,aft] ! clay is q dry1 ! =m ( ! m\ld %\ld be made p]fectly true by h& 7us+ ! oval %eet-/eel tools7 or on ! :eel4 ,if ! latt] me?od is *os51 place ! clay m\ld bottom side up on ! :eel1 c5tre x 7accord+ to ! directions 9 ,*apt] ,,iii71 &1 tak+ a l>ge hoe-%ap$ tool1 hold x firmly1 brac+ ! h& /ill bett] ) a /ick laid across f a pla/] m\ld1 or o!r conv5i5t object1 on ! table1 to "o's lap4 ,hav+ set ! :eel 9 motion1 hold ! dull po9t ( ! tool s t x j t\*es ! wall ( ! m\ld1 ne> ! :eel4 ,move ! po9t up v slightly ) ea* revolution ( ! :eel--?is w trim & p]fect ! sides4 ,! bottom is made ev5 9 ! same way4 ,n[ wa% ! :eel outside ( ! m\ld c>efully & oil x ) olive oil4 ,take a piece ( heavy oilclo?1 ab\t eight in*es wide & long en\gh to rea* ar\nd ! :eel1 ov]lapp+ ab\t a foot4 ,plac+ x ) ! "r side 91 draw x tightly & fa/5 ) clo!s p9s 7see ,fig4 #cc74 ,next tie a rope or /\t cord ar\nd ! oilclo?1 ab\t on a level ) ! :eel1 &1 to make x m secure1 w$ge x ) a piece ( wood4 ,roll /rips ( clay ab\t ! diamet] ( a lead p5cil1 & /op ! cracks :]e ! oilclo? ov]laps1 also betwe5 ! oilclo? & ! :eel1 v c>efully1 s z n to t\* ! clay m\ld4 ,be c>eful1 f n[ on1 n to move ! :eel until ! m\ld is made4 ,n[ mix y\r pla/] ( p>is1 z foll[s3 ,h an empty bas9 or di%pan1 l>ge en\gh to hold ! quantity necess>y = ! m\ld--y w le>n to judge ?is pretty well by eye4 ,put 9 z mu* wat] z y w ne$1 & sift gradually into x1 by ! h&fuls1 ! dry pla/]1 press+ out all lumps2 9 ?is way ! wat] w rea* e p>ticle4 ,:5 !re is a small isl& ( pla/]1 ab\t an in* above ! surface ( ! wat]1 !re w be en\gh4 ,let ! pla/] get ?or\ghly saturat$ by ! wat]1 z x w 9 a few m9utes2 !n mix ) ! h&s or a l>ge spoon until x is ! consi/5cy ( ?ick cream4 ,p\r x gradually ar\nd & ov] ! clay m\ld1 n all 9 "o place1 until x is ab\t an in* & a half or two in*es above ! bottom ( x4 ,let x set = an h\r or m until x seems p]fectly h>d4 ,! oilclo? is !n tak5 (f1 & ) ! dull po9t ( ! hoe-%ap$ tool ! bottom is trimm$ true on ! :eel1 9 ! same way z ! :eel-made pott]y is f9i%$4 ,! sides %\ld also be smoo!d & made ev5 ) ! /raight-edg$ %eet-/eel tool4 ,x !n looks l a great fro/$ cake4 ,:5 ! pla/] is h>d & set1 ! m\ld is tak5 f ! :eel & rev]s$1 s t ! clay may be remov$4 ,to d ?is1 dig out ! inside ( ! clay m\ld ) a l>ge %eet-/eel tool1 tak+ c>e n to come ne> ! pla/]1 :i* w\ld be injur$ by ! /eel4 ,! %ell ( clay rema9+ c be easily lift$ out ) ! f+]s4 ,"o :o does n own a :eel c make a m\ld by sett+ ! clay b[l1 bottom up1 9 ! c5tre ( a small %all[ bread or di% pan1 :i* mu/ !n be well oil$ on its inn] surface4 ,! pla/] ( p>is is mix$ & p\r$ ar\nd & ov] ! clay m\ld1 z already describ$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cd ,if "o uses a great deal ( clay1 pla/] bas9s may be made = dry+ out ! sup]flu\s wat] f ! clay aft] x has be5 mix$4 ,^! are m\ld$ 9 ! =m %[n 9 ,fig4 #cd1 ! /raight-sid$ circul> cavity 9 ! c5tre be+ ab\t ?ree in*es deep1 & ! :ole slab p]haps sixte5 in*es squ>e4 ,! bas9 "p1 l ! b[l-%ap$ m\ld j describ$1 is fir/ =m$ 9 solid clay1 & ! m\ld is made 9 ! same mann]4 ,pla/] slabs1 bo? r\nd & squ>e1 to hold ! pieces ( pott]y :ile !y are be+ made & dri$1 may also be m\ld$4 ,rose-,b[l ,/>t$ 9 a ,m\ld ,mat]ials requir$3 ,a b[l-%ap$ m\ld ( pla/]1 #c in*es 9 diamet] at ! bottom & #i in*es at ! top1 ,ab\t #c p\nds ( clay1 ,a bag ( gr\nd fl9t1 ,! wood5 modell+ tools1 ,! oval tools ( %eet /eel1 ,! %>p-po9t$ /eel tool1 ,a b[l ( slip1 ,a small sponge1 ,a roll+-p94 ,a *>m+ rose-b[l may be built up 9 ! pla/] m\ld describ$ 9 ?is *apt]4 ,ab\t ?ree & a half p\nds ( well-work$ clay w be ne$$1 & ! usual tools4 ,a small lump ( clay is fir/ patt$ out ) ! h&s on a table or bo>d1 !n roll$ smoo? ) a roll+-p9 until x is ?ree-eigh?s ( an in* ?ick & ab\t six in*es across4 ,?is is laid into ! bottom ( ! m\ld1 :i* has previ\sly be5 du/$ ) gr\nd fl9t ti$ 9 a cotton clo?4 ,! clay is press$ lightly1 b c>efully1 aga9/ ! bottom & sides1 & !n made ev5 at its upp] edge ) a wood5 tool4 ,/rokes ( ! wood5 modell+ tool1 cutt+ ?is upp] edge criss-cross1 & a t\* ( slip1 prep>e x = ! fir/ roll ( clay1 :i* is made & atta*$ z describ$ 9 ,*apt] ,,ii4 ,^! coils ne$ n be z ?ick z ^? us$ 9 mak+ ! fir/ pieces4 ,z ! work] ga9s exp]i5ce1 he c make ! walls ( 8 pieces mu* light] ?an at fir/1 & /ill keep !m /rong4 ,subsequ5t coils are jo9$ 9 ! same way1 tak+ c>e to press ea* aga9/ ! wall ( ! m\ld1 z well z ^u ! coil b5ea?4 ,:5 ! sides ( ! b[l are cov]$1 a coil is atta*$ above ! edge ( ! m\ld4 ,?is %\ld be almo/ v]tical1 in/ead ( fl>+1 & a second coil 7:i* is jo9$ aft] ! fir/ has /iff5$ out-(-doors = tw5ty m9utes7 is br\ght 9 slightly t[>d ! c5tre4 ,! b[l is !n left ov] night1 :5 x w be q dry & h %runk suffici5tly to slip easily out ( ! m\ld4 ,x is turn$ bottom up on a table1 & ! cracks betwe5 ! coils are wet ) slip & c>efully fill$ 9 ) clay ( ! consi/5cy ( ! b[l4 ,aft] x has be5 set away to h>d5 = a few h\rs1 x is made smoo? & ev5 ) ! oval tools ( %eet /eel z describ$ 9 previ\s *apt]s4 ,9 trimm+ ! walls to an ev5 ?ickness1 !y may be made comp>atively ?9--a little less ?an a qu>t] ( an in*4 ,next ! bottom is f9i%$ & ! pott]'s m>k made4 ,! edge1 aft] x has be5 bevell$ by eye1 is p]fect$ on ! gr\nd-glass slab4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ce ,! piece is n[ ready = its decoration4 ,?is is ! design %[n 9 ,fig4 #ce4 ,! circumf]5ce ( ! top ( ! b[l is divid$ into fif?s1 & m>ks are made 9 p5cil half an in* bel[ ! rim4 ,j bel[ ea* ( ^! m>ks ! design is drawn1 plac+ x s t if a l9e 7 drawn /raight d[n f ! p5cil m>k1 "o ( ! oval figures w\ld be on ea* side ( x4 ,! c5tre ( ! design is pi]c$1 z indicat$ 9 ,fig4 #ce1 by ! me?od describ$ 9 ,*apt] ,,iv41 & a deep incis$ l9e surr\nds x4 ,a pale gre5 mat-glaze 7see ,*apt] ,v47 completes ! b[l4 ,! ,mak+ ( a ,tile ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,! ,,mak+ ,,( ,a ,,tile ,! anci5t ,egyptians 7 probably ! fir/ tile-mak]s4 ,"s ( _! mo/ rem>kable pieces ( enamel "w are clay plaques or slabs1 made z e>ly z #acjj ,b4 ,c4 ,figures ( m5 & animals 7 drawn ^u !m1 modell$ 9 l[ relief1 & coat$ ) enamels1 brilliant & beautiful 9 col\r4 ,9 o!r tiles a k9d ( mosaic 0 made--a comb9ation ( f9e clay & enamels1 :i* 7 mix$ into s(t pa/es4 ,! design 0 modell$ & fitt$ toge!r 9 ^! col\r$ pa/es1 :i*1 :5 !y 7 fir$1 ! heat fix$ & vitrifi$4 ,aga9 ^! cunn+ craftsm5 left 9 ! clay incisions =m+ a design4 ,into ^! sett+s1 s to speak1 small pieces ( glass or enamel 7 fitt$1 & :5 fus$ into place by ! heat ( ! kiln sugge/$ jewels4 ,n[-a-days our arti/ pott]s are design+ & modell+ tile = wall & floor decoration --:ole mantels to mat* ! col\r s*eme ( a libr>y or my lady's b\doir4 ,to ! un9itiat$1 ! mak+ ( a tile seems almo/ too simple to le>n--j a slab ( clay1 cut squ>e & bak$4 ,simple en\gh x is1 to be sure1 yet x has difficulties en\gh to make x int]e/+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cf ,suppose we m\ld a tile & le>n by exp]i5ce j :at ! difficulties are & h[ to surm\nt !m4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cg ,! clay t is us$ 9 m\ld+ tiles is ! same z t ( :i* ! o!r pieces ( pott]y are made--i4 e41 a mixture ( fire & ball or blue clay ) ! addition ( a l>ge am\nt ( :at is call$ by pott]s1 8grog40 ,?is is fire clay :i* aft] bak+ becomes pale yell[ 9 col\r & q h>d4 ,x is p\nd$ into pieces ! size ( a small pea1 & small]1 & mix$ ?or\ghly ?r\gh ! clay1 to act z a temp]+ ag5t4 ,m\ld 9 z mu* ( ! 8grog0 z ! clay w hold4 ,too mu* w make x lose its pla/icity & sep>ate into small lumps1 b %ort ( ?is ! m 8grog0 ! tile clay conta9s ! bett]1 z1 be+ bak$ & %runk51 x m9imises ! *ances ( crack+ by %r9kage4 ,9 mak+ a tile1 ! foll[+ mat]ials w be requir$3 ,ab\t #d p\nds ( tile clay1 ,a level bo>d1 ab\t #ae by #bj in*es1 ,a frame made by screw+ a /rip ( wood1 ( an in* ?ick by #b in*es wide & #ba in*es long1 on ea* ( ! long edges ( a bo>d1 #ad in*es wide by #ba in*es long1 #c pieces ( :ite *eese-clo?1 #ae by #ba in*es1 ,a roll+-p91 ,! rectangul> %eet-/eel tool1 ,a ,t squ>e or a piece ( %eet metal1 #h by #h in*es1 ,a /rong1 %>p knife1 ,a b[l ( slip1 ,! boxwood modell+ tools1 ,! po9t$-/eel tool1 ,! /eel tool ) flat po9t4 ,to beg9 )1 a l>ge piece ( tile clay is work$ until all ! air-holes are out ( x1 z already describ$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ch ,a wood5 bo>d :i* is absolutely level1 hav+ previ\sly be5 cov]$ ) a piece ( wet1 :ite *eese-clo?1 :i* is tack$ securely ^u x1 ! clay is m\ld$ into a squ>e by h& & laid ^u ! bo>d4 ,x is !n p\nd$ flat ) ! ?ick "p ( ! h& into an irregul> squ>e cake1 & roll$ ) a roll+-p91 wet ) slip1 until x is a little less ?an half an in* ?ick4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ci ,a wood5 frame made ( a bo>d f\rte5 & a half in*es wide by tw5ty-"o in*es long1 ) a /rip ( wood ! same l5g?1 sev5-eigh?s ( an in* ?ick :5 plan$1 & two in*es wide1 screw$ on to ea* ( ! long edges1 %\ld h be5 provid$ be=eh&4 ,a piece ( wet *eese-clo? is spread ^u ?is bo>d1 & ! clay squ>e is c>efully transf]r$ to x1 fitt+ x c>efully into ! =m by patt+ & press+ ) ! h&4 ,x %\ld !n be smoo!d ) ! rectangul> tool ( %eet /eel4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dj ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #da ,! tile mu/ n[ be re9=c$ = ! reason t ! out] edge1 :i* dries & %r9ks fir/1 w\ld naturally crack :5 ! inside f9ally dri$ & %rank1 & s spoil ! tile4 ,:5 re9=c$1 ! edges1 be+ d\ble ?ickness1 dry m sl[ly1 mak+ ! :ole tile %r9k ev5ly4 ,six pieces ( clay are roll$ into z _m rope-l /rips4 ,five ( ^! /rips are patt$ flat ) ! h& until !y are ab\t an in* & a half wide & n q half an in* ?ick4 ,!y are !n laid along ! out] edges ( ! tile1 :i* h fir/ be5 lightly bru%$ ) slip1 & across ! middle 7see ,fig4 #cf71 press+ !m firmly onto ! tile & jo9+ ! edges c>efully4 ,! six? /rip is cut into two %ort pieces1 :i* are laid 9 at ! c5tre1 betwe5 ! ?ree /rips cross+ ! tile 7see ,fig4 #cf71 & firmly atta*$ by m\ld+ !m aga9/ ! o!r /rips & work+ ! edges on to ! tile ^u :i* a t\* ( slip has be5 bru%$4 ,a damp piece ( *eese-clo? is laid on ! tile & x is aga9 roll$ ) ! roll+-p94 ,next x is made smoo? ) ! %eet-/eel tool1 & ! f\r depressions are m\ld$ ev5ly1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #cg4 ,x is !n set away ov] night1 to get 9 prop] condition to cut & f9i%4 ,! foll[+ day put a bo>d on ! bottom ( ! tile & rev]se ! frame s t ! tile w slide (f on to ! bo>d4 ,!n ) a ,t squ>e or a piece ( %eet metal eight by eight in*es 7! size ( ! tile7 laid ^u x1 cut ar\nd ! edges ) a %>p1 /rong knife4 ,! tile is !n set away to receive its decoration1 :i* %\ld be made ! day foll[+4 ,c>e %\ld always be tak5 to lay ! tile only ^u an absolutely level bo>d or o!r flat surface 9 dry+1 z o!rwise x w w>p & dry unev5ly4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,mak+ ,,( ,a ,,tile ,! face ( ! tile4 ,= detail ( ?is design1 see ,fig4 #ch4 ,! back ( a tile1 %[+ ! pott]'s m>k & ! r\gh texture ( ! tile clay4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #db ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dc ,hav+ *os5 a simple design--= example1 ! "o %[n 9 ,fig4 #ch--;draw x ^u ! tile 9 p5cil4 ,next g ov] ! l9es ) ! po9t$ tool ( boxwood1 & ) a curv$ po9t$ wood5 tool incise ! outl9e /ill deep]4 ,make a clean-cut1 firm outl9e1 broad & deep1 ) a bevell$ edge4 ,?is is1 ( c\rse1 suppos+ t ! tile has n become v dry1 9 :i* case ! tool us$ %\ld be ! po9t$ /eel "o1 f9i%+ ) ! wood5 tool4 ,! :ole design %\ld be deeply incis$ ) firm1 sure /rokes4 ,! pieces ( 8grog0 :i* ! tool w run aga9/ n[ & !n w n injure ! outl9e if ! h& is firm4 ,%\ld "o by mi/ake cut away m ( ! design ?an 0 int5d$1 x c easily be repair$ ) a t\* ( slip & a small piece ( clay1 ! consi/5cy ( ! tile1 work$ 9 ) ! po9t$ /eel tool4 ,! portions ( ! design :i* are indicat$ by dots 9 ,fig4 #ch are depress$ ) ! flat-po9t$ /eel tool1 accord+ to ! me?od = leav+ ! design 9 l[ relief1 describ$ 9 ,*apt] ,,iv4 ,be=e sett+ ! tile away to dry = ! la/ "t1 ! pott] incises 8 m>k on ! back4 ,a dull yell[ mat-glaze or a gray gre5 "o 7see ,*apt] ,v47 w f9i% x attractively4 ,a tile su* z ?is1 eight in*es squ>e1 is r l>ge = "s purposes2 x is1 h[ev]1 mo/ effective z a decoration1 & may d practical s]vice 9 hold+ a fl[]-pot or vase ( fl[]s--protect+ a table or wood5 mantel f moi/ure4 ,fireplace tiles are1 ( c\rse1 consid]ably small]1 & ^? = use on a table are light] z well4 ,!y are made by ! same process1 only us+ a small] frame & roll+ ! clay ?9n]4 ,"s designs = tiles are %[n 9 ,figs4 #ci1 #dj1 #da1 #db1 & #dc4 ,! ,kiln ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,! ,,kiln ,pott]y1 until x is fir$1 has little or no practical value4 ,"o :o owns a piece ( ,gay ,head w>e1 made 9 ,m>?a's ,v9ey>d1 & call$ by ! "n ( ! bluffs ( ^: clay x is made1 w appreciate ?is4 ,?\gh *>m+ 9 col\r1 a t]ra-cotta backgr\nd ) swirl+ l9es ( pale yell[1 black & :ite1 x c only be put 9 "o spot--on ! highe/ %elf1 out ( rea* ( *ildr5 & o!rs :o l to 8look ) _! h&s40 ,if x 7 bak$1 ! col\r :i* is its *ief *>m w\ld be lo/1 & x is !re=e s fragile t a rude t\* w break or deface x4 ,9 ! e>ly days ( pott]y-mak+1 :5 utility 0 ev]y?+1 pots = cook+ & dome/ic purposes 7 bak$ ei!r be=e ! fire1 or cov]$ ) b>k & o!r burn+ fuel1 :i* h>d5$ ! clay & made x /rong en\gh = s]vice4 ,we d n f9d traces ( kilns1 h[ev]1 among ! relics ( ^? e>ly pott]s4 ,probably ! fir/ p to use ! kiln 7 ! old ,egyptians4 ,"o :i* is repres5t$ 9 _! mural pa9t+s 0 a high1 circul> *amb] made ( brick4 ,! floor1 ne> ! bottom1 0 p]=at$1 & b5ea? x 0 ! fuel1 :i* 0 put 9 ?r\gh an op5+ on ! side4 ,! kiln us$ by ! e>ly ,greek pott]s _h a place = fuel on "o side1 & an upp] *amb] = ! pieces ( pott]y1 ) a door ?r\gh :i* x c\ld be put 9 & )drawn4 ,?is diff]$ f ! ,egyptian kiln only 9 hav+ a dome4 ,_m ( ! kilns ( ! pres5t day are %ap$ almo/ exactly l ^? us$ by ! e>ly ,greeks4 ,s important a "p does ! kiln play 9 p]fect+ a piece ( pott]y--putt+ ! f9al t\* ^u x3 ! t\* t %all make or m>--t ! pott] realises he mu/ plan1 be=e any?+ else1 ei!r to own a good kiln or to "k ( "o :]e 8 pieces c be s5t to be fir$4 ,unless "o wi%es to make pott]y on a l>ge scale1 z a bus9ess1 ! exp5se & c>e ( own+ "o's own kiln is unnecess>y4 ,!re are mak]s ( art pott]y ne> ! pr9cipal cities :o = a reasonable am\nt w fire "o's pieces admirably1 & ) mu* less risk ?an an amateur c\ld possibly d !m--t is1 provid+ "o uses ! same k9d ( clay z is employ$ by ! own]s ( ! kiln :]e "o's pott]y is to be fir$4 ,if n1 ?is clay c usually be pur*as$ at ! pott]y ready mix$ at slight exp5se4 ,ev5 ?\gh "o may n c>e to assume ! co/ & responsibility ( own+ a kiln1 x may be ( int]e/ to "k some?+ ( ! con/ruction ( kilns & h[ !y d _! "w4 ,,! ,,op5-,,fire ,,kiln ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dd ,a is ! *amb] = ! pott]y4 ,,bb ! fire boxes4 ,,cc ! firebacks4 ,,ddddd ! passage & outlets ?r\gh :i* ! heat ent]s ! kiln4 ,! op5-fire kiln is pref]r$ by _m pott]s4 ,su* kilns h be5 us$ = g5]ations by pott]s 9 ,engl&2 & = w>e t ne$s h>d fir+ !y h prov$ mo/ reliable4 ,fig4 #dd %[s ! int]ior ( "o ( ^! kilns1 & ,fig4 #de ! gr\nd plan4 ,f ^! diagrams "o c get an idea ( ! pr9ciple on :i* su* kilns are run4 ,?is kiln is built mo/ly ( fire-brick1 & %\ld be "u cov] = m ?an "o reason4 ,fir/1 !re is no dang] f fro/ if ! kiln is inclos$ by a wood5 build+1 & !n x is m conv5i5t = ! pott] to d 8 "w :]e he is n expos$ to ! wea!r4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #de ,,aaaa are ! fire-boxes4 ,,bbbbbbbbbbbb ! passages = ! hot air4 ,,ccccc ! outlets = ! hot air4 ,! kiln is circul>1 built on a f\ndation ( brick or /one1 & /r5g!n$ ) b&s ( wr\ght iron4 ,at all f\r sides ( ! c5tral *amb]1 :]e ! pott]y is plac$1 are fire-boxes :]e ! coal is f$ on to a grate bel[ ! level ( ! floor ( ! *amb]4 ,! hot air f ! fire-boxes f9ds two outlets1 "o ?r\gh a direct escape1 close to ! box1 ! o!r ?r\gh a passage & out at ! c5tre ( ! floor4 ,)9 ! c5tral *amb] are pil$ ! sagg]s--great circul> boxes or drums made ( fire-clay--all ( :i*1 if possible1 conta9 pott]y1 b1 :e!r full or empty1 !y mu/ fill up ! *amb]1 z _! clay holds & radiates heat :i* w\ld o!rwise be lo/4 ,! (fice ( ! sagg]s is to protect ! pieces ( pott]y f direct contact ) ! flame1 smoke1 & a%es ( ! fire4 ,! heat f ! fire-boxes1 if x ru%$ directly into ! kiln1 w\ld fire ! pieces ne> ! bottom ( ! *amb] too h>d1 s slabs ( fire-brick1 call$ firebacks1 are arrang$ s z to s5d ! heat up 7see ,fig4 #dd74 ,x !n1 pass+ up betwe5 ! sagg]s 7:i*1 /ack$ "o above ! o!r1 =m flues to improve ! draught71 passes (f at ! top op5+4 ,?is ap]ture1 z w be se5 9 ,fig4 #dd1 has a slab support$ by bricks above x to control ! draught4 ,! heat escapes ?r\gh ! cone1 & ?us ?r\gh ! *imney4 ,! cone is made ( ord9>y bricks1 & its (fice is to help ! draught4 ,!re is ano!r k9d ( kiln mu* l ?is model1 except t x has a d[n draught4 ,! heat$ air1 z x escapes1 passes d[n ?r\gh an op5+ 9 ! floor1 along a horizontal passage1 up & out4 ,?is keeps ! heat 9 ! kiln = a long] "t1 b x also conf9es ! gases1 :i* affect ! col\r ( ! w>e s t x is n practicable = art pott]y4 ,se5 f ! outside on a day :5 ! kiln is be+ fill$1 its aspect is q diff]5t4 ,inside ! great brick *amb]1 workm5 are /ack+ ! sagg]s fill$ ) pieces ( pott]y1 "s ( :i*1 n yet pack$1 are /&+ on tables ne> at h&4 ,!y look wan & pale1 fa9t grayi%-gre51 or lead5 gray4 ,n until !y h felt ! fi]ce heat ( ! kiln w !y gl[ ) liv+ gre5 or w ! beauty ( _! blues appe>4 ,yell[ t is almo/ orange seems to be only a deep cream col\r be=e x is fir$4 ,!n !re are pieces ( gre51 or unbak$ clay1 to be fir$ 9 ! biscuit--t is1 )\t ! glaze4 ,^! are put 9 ano!r "p ( ! kiln4 ,j a ^w ab\t ! sagg]s4 ,^! huge1 r\gh boxes ( burnt fire-clay1 ^: (fice has already be5 spok5 (1 are sometimes bottomless1 simply r+s4 ,%\ld a sagg] be too l[ to conta9 a piece t is plac$ 9 x 7z is (t5 ! case71 "o c build up ! clay-box to ! requir$ height ) ! bottomless sagg]s4 ,betwe5 e two sagg]s rolls ( clay are laid 7coil$ ar\nd ! edge7 to hold !m toge!r4 ,:5 ! kiln is fill$ at la/ ) its /acks ( sagg]s1 ! doorway is brick$ up & ! fire />t$4 ,! op5-fire kiln requires ! be/ "p ( ?ree days to complete x4 ,! fir/ day x is fill$ ) pott]y & ! fire />t$4 ,9 fir+ a kiln1 ! heat %\ld be rais$ v sl[ly4 ,all t night ! fire is wat*$ & f$1 z x mu/ be kept at ! requisite temp]ature1 = if x gets l[1 or1 z ! pott]s say1 8slips10 ! glaze is spoil$ & ! pott]y mu/ all be reglaz$ & fir$ aga94 ,! wea!r affects ! kiln1 ! draught n be+ s good on a damp or ra9y day z on a fair "o2 & ! coal also mu/ be specially *os5 = ! kiln4 ,x takes sev]al tons to fire "o kiln1 s t ! success or failure ( a fir+ is no light matt]4 ,! second day mu* att5tion mu/ be giv5 to keep+ ! fire up1 & at ab\t nightfall ! guides are drawn z foll[s3 ,at equal di/ances ar\nd ! kiln are f\r peep-holes--small1 r\nd ap]tures on a level ) ! eye1 :i* are clos$ ) a cyl9drical tube hav+ a transp>5t asbe/os end4 ,9 ! gl>e ( ! kiln1 directly on a l9e ) ^! peep-holes1 "o c see a r[ ( clay r+s1 :i* 7 daub$ ) glaze be=e ! fire 0 />t$4 ,hav+ )drawn ! cyl9d] :i* closes ! hole1 ! pott] runs 9 a long metal rod1 ) a hook on ! end1 cat*es a r+1 & draws x out4 ,he c tell f ! appe>ance ( ?is r+1 or guide1 h[ ! kiln is fir+ & ab\t :5 ! pieces w be done4 ,usually !y are f9i%$ t night1 b ! kiln is n op5$ until x has cool$ = _m h\rs4 ,,! ,,muffle ,,kiln ,! muffle kiln is %[n 9 ,fig4 #df4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #df ,a is ! muffle-box or *amb] = ! pott]y4 ,b ,b ,b ,b ,b ,b ,b are ! ar*es support+ ! box & o!r p>ts ( ! kiln4 ,c ,c ,! doors :]e ! fuel & pott]y respectively are put 94 ,d ,d ,d ,! passages = ! heat$ air4 ,e ,! a%-pan4 ,?is fires at a l[ degree ( heat1 comp>$ ) ! op5-fire kiln4 ,x is mo/ly us$ = "u-glaze pott]y & = glaz+4 ,9 ?is kiln ! fire c\ld n come 9 direct contact ) ! w>e1 s t sagg]s are unnecess>y2 in/ead1 !re is a sy/em ( %elves ^u :i* ! pott]y is plac$4 ,! fuel1 :i* may be wood1 is f$ ?r\gh a door on "o side ( ! l[] "p ( ! kiln1 ) an a%-box bel[4 ,a brick ar* supports ! muffle-box or *amb] :]e ! pott]y is plac$4 ,on ! opposite side f ! furnace door is ! op5+ ?r\gh :i* ! pieces are put into ! kiln4 ,?is is c>efully brick$ up be=e ! fire is />t$4 ,! hot air passes ?r\gh a passage ext5d+ ar\nd all sides & above ! box1 & ! outlet is ov] ! door :]e ! pott]y goes 94 ,a slab ext5d+ ne>ly across ?is outlet controls ! draught4 ,basket-,cov]$ ,pott]y ,,*apt] ,x ,,basket-,,cov]$ ,,pott]y ,!re has always be5 a close connection betwe5 pott]y & basketry4 ,^? :o /udy ,indian h&icrafts le>n t pott]y 0 evolv$ f basketry 9 ! long ago4 ,neltje ,blan*an sugge/s t x may h happ5$ 9 "s su* way z ?is3 8,p]haps a hunt] return$ home hungry "o day 444 & 8 wife1 anxi\s to ha/5 d9n] = h] impati5t "l1 coat$ h] cook+-basket ) clay t %e might set x directly ov] ! fire )\t dang] ( burn+4 ,imag9e ! woman's surprise & joy to f9d1 on remov+ x f ! emb]s aft] d9n]1 t %e _h a basket plus an e>!nw>e pot60 ,! two crafts h help$ ea* o!r f t day to ?is4 ,! ,indian woman susp5ds h] e>!n cook+-j> ) coils ( wild grapev9e1 :i* ev] & anon %e sme>s ) wet clay :5 ! flames come too ne>4 ,japanese craftsm5 enme% _! pott]y j>s ) wi/>ia /ems to protect !m f breakage1 or to susp5d !m aga9/ ! wall1 :]e gr[+ plants or trail+ v9es may fill !m to ov]fl[+4 ,ev5 ! little g+] j> "o buys = a few c5ts 9 ,*9at[n has its case & h&le ( pliant cane4 ,*>m+ ?+s may be made = ! beautify+ ( "o's own or ano!r's h\se if "o kn[s some?+ ( ! two crafts4 ,a few ( !m are describ$ 9 ! foll[+ pages3 ,indian ,pott]y ,b[l ,susp5d$ ) ,raffia ,mat]ials requir$3 ,an ,indian pott]y b[l 9 :ite & ,indian r$1 #f in*es 9 diamet] at ! top1 ,a bun* ( ,indian r$ raffia1 ,a curta9 r+1 ,a tape/ry ne$le ,no4 #ah4 ,any "o :o has made raffia hats ) ! knots t our mo!rs us$ to call macram 9 ! e>ly eighties1 w see by a glance at ! plate h[ ! network ( raffia :i* incloses ?is b[l is fa%ion$4 ,! b[l is ! fir/ consid]ation4 ,x may be b\ght at an ,indian /ore = ab\t a doll>2 or1 if "o pref]s1 "o c m\ld "o's own b[l ( fl[]-pot clay4 ,9 t case1 h[ev]1 ! :ite backgr\nd :i* is s effective 9 ! ,indian w>e w be miss$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,basket-,,cov]$ ,,pott]y ,! /raight-sid$ hang+ j> on ! left 0 once ! pill[ ( a ,*9ese woman4 ,beside x is a gre5 b[l ( ,spani% pott]y1 inclos$ & susp5d$ ) gre5 rattan4 ,! small j> bel[ is a ,flemi% piece1 ) a cov]+ ( pale-gre5 rattan4 ,above is an ,indian b[l1 ) a knott$ raffia cov]+4 ,! ?ree-h&l$ plant-b[l on ! "r has a gray-gre5 mat-glaze4 ,x is susp5d$ ) raffia ropes4 ,to beg9 )3 ,?read a ,no4 #ah tape/ry ne$le ) a /r& ( ,indian r$ raffia4 ,twi/ ! end ?ree or f\r times ar\nd ! middle & =ef+] ( ! left h&1 & cov] ! small r+ ?us made ) button-hole /it*es4 ,! r+ %\ld be ab\t an in* 9 diamet]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dg ,f9i% (f ! end ( ! raffia by sew+ sev]al /it*es ?r\gh & ?r\gh ! r+4 ,p9 ?is r+ to a cu%ion on "o's lap or to "s firm1 s(t object ne> at h&4 ,take two /r&s ( raffia1 d\ble !m ar\nd ! r+1 & ) ! f\r ends ?us made tie a ,solomon's knot z foll[s3 ,hold ! two upp] /r&s /raight & taut4 ,b5d ! "u /r& on ! left across !m to ! "r 7see ,fig4 #dg71 & br+ ! "u /r& on ! "r ov] ! end ( ! left /r&1 back ( ! middle /r&s1 & ?r\gh ! loop made by ! left /r& 9 />t+4 ,ano!r pair ( /r&s is knott$ on 9 ! same way1 & ano!r1 until !re are ?irte5 gr\ps ar\nd ! r+4 ,beg9n+ any:]e on ! r+1 ! /r&s on ! "r ( a gr\p are br\ght beside ! two on ! left ( ! gr\p to ! "r ( x1 & ! middle pair ( ! f\r are held /raight d[n1 :ile ! /r&s on ! "r & left are knott$ ^u !m z already describ$4 ,?is knot %\ld be ab\t half an in* f ^? 9 ! previ\s r[4 ,make a d\ble knot ?is "t--t is1 repeat ! process already describ$4 ,take ! /r& :i* 0 on ! left aft] ! fir/ knot 0 ti$1 br+ x ov] ! middle /r&s to ! "r1 & aft] br++ ! /r& on ! "r ov] ! end ( ! left "o & back ( ! middle /r&s1 pass x up ?r\gh ! loop made by ! left /r& 9 />t+4 ,! two /r&s at ! "r ( ! "r-h& gr\p are next knott$ 9 ! same way ) two on ! left ( ! next gr\p to ! "r1 & s x goes on ar\nd ! net--mak+ a d\ble ,solomon's knot ea* "t4 ,five r[s m ( ?is knott+ are made1 ea* r[ be+ half an in* f ! previ\s "o1 except ! fif?1 :i* is ?ree-qu>t]s ( an in* f ! f\r?4 ,n[ br+ all ! /r&s f ?ree gr\ps toge!r at an in* & ?ree-qu>t]s f ! la/ r[ ( knott+4 ,hold ! middle "o ( ! ?ree gr\ps taut1 & tie ! /r&s to "r & left ^u x 9 a ,solomon's knot4 ,tie ano!r knot close to ! fir/ "o1 & ano!r1 until !re are sev5--"o bel[ ! o!r4 ,?ree m gr\ps are br\ght toge!r at an in* & ?ree-qu>t]s f ! la/ r[ ( knott+1 & ti$ 9 ! same way4 ,!n ano!r ?ree4 ,! f\r? bun* w h f\r gr\ps ( /r&s 9 x 7z !re 7 ?irte5 gr\ps 9 all at />t+74 ,two ( ^! gr\ps1 ! middle ones1 are held taut1 & ^? to left & "r are ti$ ^u ?is d\ble gr\p z ! o!rs 74 ,!n1 tak+ ! long ends ( "o ( ^! bun*es1 tie !m aga9 9 ?ree ,solomon's knots at an in* & ?ree-qu>t]s f ! sev5? knot4 ,!y are next br\ght /raight d[n )\t knott+1 = two in*es m1 :5 two knots are made4 ,= two & ?ree-qu>t] in*es m !y are br\ght )\t knott+1 !n ti$ & w\nd ar\nd a l>ge r+--an old curta9 r+ ab\t two in*es 9 diamet] w d4 ,:5 all f\r bun*es h be5 knott$ 9 ! same way1 & ! ends ( all h be5 fa/5$ securely to ! curta9 r+1 ! r+ is cov]$ neatly ) button-hole /it* 9 raffia1 & a raffia b9d+ ab\t half an in* wide is made j bel[ ! r+1 :]e ! /r&s are fa/5$ to x4 ,gre5 ,pott]y ,j> ,inclos$ & ,susp5d$ ) ,br[n ,rattan ,mat]ials requir$3 ,! ,pott]y ,j>3 ,ab\t #b p\nds ( clay1 ,! wood5 modell+ tools1 ,! rectangul> tool ( %eet /eel1 ,! po9t$ /eel tool1 ,a b[l ( slip1 ,a small sponge1 ,! ,basket ,cov]+3 ,ab\t six l5g?s ( ,no4 #d deep-br[n rattan1 ,a piece ( f9e b /rong wire #bd in*es long1 ,a pair ( pli]s1 ,a bun* ( deep-br[n raffia4 ,ar\nd ! qua9t & attractive hang+ j> f :i* ?is "o is copi$ is wov5 a tale z curi\s z its cov]+ ( knott$ br[n twigs4 ,x is ?is3 ! rectangul> gre5 j>1 :i* looks l a pott]y box1 0 once ! casket 9 :i* "s ,*9ese lady kept h] pomades & p]fumes4 ,:5 %e slept1 h] head1 :i* _h be5 dress$ mo/ elaborately ) ! a=esaid pomades1 0 laid ^u ?is same pott]y box = a pill[--ano!r in/ance ( ! pa9fulness ( pride 9 ,*9a6 ,h[ /range ! little ,*9ese lady w\ld ?9k x ( u to use h] e>!n pill[ z we d--= a hang+ fl[]-j>6 ,:o cov]$ x ) knott$ wi/>ia twigs8 ,i %\ld suspect x 0 "s deft-f+]$ ,japanese--?\gh ! j> 0 b\ght 9 ,hawaii4 ,x w n be v difficult to copy4 ,fir/ !re is ! box-l j> to be made4 ,a rectangul> bottom is cut f a well-work$ lump ( clay aft] x has be5 patt$ flat ) ! h& & roll$ ) ! roll+-p94 ,x %\ld be five by ?ree & a half in*es--:i* all[s an in* on l5g? & bread? = %r9kage4 ,^u ?is f\ndation coils ( clay are built1 z describ$ 9 previ\s *apt]s1 mak+ !m ?9n]1 h[ev]1 ?an usual--n ov] a qu>t] ( an in* ?ick4 ,z ! walls are built !y %\ld be f9i%$ c>efully inside & out1 keep+ !m /raight & true at ! corn]s1 z well z on all sides4 ,:5 ! j> is sev5 & a qu>t] in*es high1 ! top is made ev5 by eye & p]fect$ on ! gr\nd-glass slab1 z describ$ 9 ,*apt] ,,ii4 ,a rectangul> piece ( clay is !n roll$ & cut ! size ( ! bottom2 an oval piece ab\t two by ?ree in*es is cut out ( ! middle1 ) ! po9t$ /eel tool1 & x is left on a pla/] slab to /iff5 = half an h\r4 ,! upp] edge ( ! j> is !n criss-cross$ ) ! po9t$ /eel tool & wet ) slip1 & ?is flat top is atta*$ to x deftly & c>efully4 ,aft] dry+ = sev]al h\rs1 x may be f9i%$ ) ! %eet-/eel tool1 ! %ape p]fect$1 & ! surface damp5$ ) a sponge & poli%$ ) ! f+]s4 ,:5 x has dri$ = sev]al days x is coat$ ) a glossy gre5 glaze & fir$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dh ,! cov]+ ( knott$ rattan is made z foll[s3 ,six pliable l5g?s ( ,no4 #d br[n rattan are ne$$ = ?is cov]+4 ,!y mu/ be c>efully select$1 = z !y are to be ti$ !y %\ld1 :5 wet1 be almo/ z pliable z cord4 ,x is n difficult to f9d !m z s(t z ?is1 especially aft] !y h be5 dy$4 ,9 />t+1 a l5g? ( rattan :i* has be5 wet until s(t is ti$ ar\nd ! j> at ab\t half an in* f ! top4 ,! long end is twi/$ once ar\nd ?is f\ndation r+4 ,?is may be done (f ( ! j> if x is easi]4 ,:5 ! r+ has be5 replac$ on ! j>1 two pieces ( v pliable rattan ab\t sixty in*es long are d\bl$ ar\nd ! r+ at ! middle ( ! front ( ! j> & ti$ 9 a ,solomon's knot1 z already describ$ 7see ,fig4 #dg74 ,! second "p ( ! knot1 h[ev]1 is n ti$ z ! raffia 0 9 mak+ ! knott$ cov]+ = ! ,indian b[l4 ,in/ead1 ! end :i* is on ! "r aft] ! fir/ knot has be5 ti$ is br\ght ov] to ! left1 above ! middle /r&s1 & ! "o on ! left1 com+ d[n ov] its end1 goes back ( ! middle /r&s & up ?r\gh ! loop left 9 />t+ ! "r /r& 7see ,fig4 #dh74 ,ano!r pair ( /r&s ( ! same l5g? is ti$ 9 ?is way ar\nd ! r+ at ! middle ( ! back ( ! j>1 & a pair at ei!r end4 ,! /r&s at ! "r ( ! knot 9 ! middle ( ! front are !n br\ght beside ^? at ! left ( ! gr\p on ! "r end1 & ^! are knott$ z j describ$1 at ab\t an in* & ?ree-qu>t]s f ! fir/ r[1 & at ! corn] ( ! j>4 ,! rema9+ /r&s ( ! gr\p on ! "r end are knott$ ) ^? at ! left ( ! gr\p 9 ! middle ( ! back1 & s on ar\nd ! j>4 ,!re w !n be f\r knots1 all an in* & ?ree-qu>t]s f ! fir/ r[1 & ea* at a corn] ( ! j>4 ,?ree m r[s ( knott+ are made 9 ! same way1 & !n ! f\r ends rema9+ at ! front & back aft] ! fif? r[ ( knots has be5 made are wet ) w>m wat] until v pliable & ti$ toge!r "u ! j>4 ,^? f ! sides are ti$ 9 ! same mann] & at ! same place4 ,all ! ends are b\nd securely j bel[ ^! knots ) f9e wire1 & ov] ?is an in*-wide b& ( raffia4 ,! ends are cut irregul> l5g?s1 ! longe/ n m ?an f\rte5 in*es f ! bottom ( ! j>4 ,a h&le is !n made z foll[s3 ,a piece ( pliable br[n rattan1 ,no4 #d1 ab\t two y>ds long1 is wet until s(t & pass$ ar\nd ! knot ne>e/ ! top at "o end ( ! j>4 ,! ends are br\ght toge!r & twi/$ = _! entire l5g?4 ,at ! opposite end ( ! j> !y are br\ght ar\nd ! knot ne>e/ ! top1 turn$ up1 & firmly b\nd to ! h&le ) a piece ( wire1 :i* may !n be cov]$ ) a b9d+ ( raffia4 ,take c>e to make ?is wire b9d+ secure1 = ?is is ! place :]e ! greate/ /ra9 comes4 ,x is 9 su* places z ?is t ! ,ori5tal craftsm5 %[ _! sup]iority4 ,_! ends1 ?us b\nd1 are b\nd to /ay1 :ile ours sometimes slip4 ,j> ( ,flemi% ,pott]y ,inclos$ ) ,pale-,gre5 ,rattan ,mat]ials requir$3 ,a j> ( ,flemi% pott]y1 #d in*es high1 #b in*es 9 diamet] at ! bottom & #a in* at ! top1 ,ab\t six l5g?s ( ,no4 #jj gre5 rattan4 ,a little j> ( qua9t ,flemi% pott]y1 *>m+ 9 =m & col\r1 is ! f\ndation ( ?is piece4 ,?is w>e1 :i* is j becom+ kn[n to u1 is int]e/+ 9 _m ways4 ,fir/ ( all1 = its own sake--! attractive %apes3 c&le/icks1 b[ls1 jugs1 j>s1 & tiles all h ! /amp ( individuality1 r>e 9 any w>e t is )9 rea* ( ! av]age purse4 ,! col\rs are beautiful--deep gre5s & blues1 s(t br[ns & dull orange = ! mo/ "p4 ,"s ( ! pieces are made by ,belgian s*ool *ildr51 o!rs 9 pott]ies />t$ by a club ( m5 9 ,belgium1 foll[]s ( ,rusk91 :o h reviv$ ! craft1 employ+ only ,belgians to design & m\ld ! w>e4 ,! old me?ods are c>efully foll[$--! pieces are :eel-made1 n =m$ 9 m\lds4 ,mu* ( ! decoration is done by boys1 :o make a *>m+ picture1 clad 9 bl\ses & sabots1 _! "y faces all int]e/$ & absorb$ 9 ! "w4 ,! op5-me%$ weave ( pale-gre5 rattan ) :i* ?is j> is inclos$ only slightly veils ! col\r ( ! glaze--deep-gre5 at ! base1 %ad+ ?r\gh blue to a s(t m\sy-br[n at ! top4 ,! cov]+ is made z foll[s3 ,"o end ( a piece ( gre5 ,no4 #jj rattan tw5ty-sev5 in*es long is ti$ into a r+ two in*es & a half 9 diamet]4 ,ar\nd ?is f\ndation r+ ! long end ( ! rattan is twi/$ 9 & out1 until x has made ! circuit twice--?ree times1 c\nt+ ! f\ndation r+4 ,"s v pliable l5g?s ( ,no4 #jj gre5 rattan are cut into tw5ty pieces ?irty-two in*es long4 ,!y are wet until q s(t1 & !n two ( !m are d\bl$ ar\nd ! r+ & ti$ ) a ,solomon's knot 7see ,fig4 #dg74 ,ano!r pair is d\bl$ & knott$ ^u ! r+1 & ano!r1 until t5 gr\ps h be5 atta*$ at int]vals ar\nd ! circumf]5ce4 ,/>t+ ) any "o ( ! gr\ps1 ! two /r&s on ! "r are br\ght beside ! two on ! left ( ! gr\p to ! "r ( x1 & knott$ toge!r z describ$ on page #acb1 at ?ree-qu>t]s ( an in* f ! fir/ r[ ( knots4 ,! two rema9+ /r&s ( ! "r-h& gr\p are br\ght beside ^? on ! left ( ! next gr\p to ! "r1 :]e ano!r knot is made1 & s on1 until ! circuit is complete4 ,"o m r[ ( knots is made 9 ! same way1 ?ree-qu>t]s ( an in* f ^? 9 ! previ\s r[4 ,! :ole network is !n wet ?or\ghly & fitt$ ov] ! l[] "p ( ! j>1 ty+ x if necess>y1 to m\ld ! rattan 9 to ! =m4 ,at ab\t an in* & a half f ! la/ r[ ( knots1 a r[ ( pair+ is made ) a v pliable piece ( ,no4 #jj gre5 rattan4 ,= ! b5efit ( ^? :o may n "k ?is simple basket weave1 ! foll[+ directions are giv53 ,hold+ ! j> ) its p>tial cov]+ ( rattan "r side up1 draw ! ends ( ! /r&s rema9+ aft] ! la/ r[ ( knots 0 ti$1 close up aga9/ ! sides ( ! j>4 ,d\ble ! pliable piece ( ,no4 #jj rattan ar\nd a pair ( ends :i* =m$ ! middle /r&s ( "o ( ! knots4 ,tak+ ! upp] half ( ! piece1 :i* seems to come f beh9d ! two /r&s 7to ! left ( !m71 br+ x ov] !m1 "u ! next pair & out 9 front4 ,hold d[n1 ) ! left h&1 ! end y h j us$1 :ile ) ! "r br+ ! o!r end 7:i* 0 on ! "r ( ! fir/ pair ( /r&s7 ov] ! next pair ( /r&s on ! "r & "u ! next4 ,x is n[ held d[n 9 front1 :ile ! process is repeat$--always tak+ ! end on ! left to weave )4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #di ,! d\bl$ /r&s1 or spokes1 on :i* ^! /it*es are wov51 %\ld be drawn close toge!r1 till n m ?an a sixte5? ( an in* ap>t1 s t !y w cl+ to ! j>4 ,:5 ! circuit ( ! j> has be5 made1 ano!r r[ is wov54 ,at ! end ( ?is second r[ bo? ( ! weav+ /r&s are cut1 s t _! ends w come back ( ! la/ pair ( /r&s 9 ! circuit4 ,= half an in* ! /r&s are drawn up t[>d ! top ( ! j> )\t weav+2 !n1 "o r[ m ( ! pair+ is made1 & aft] ?or\ghly wett+ ! ends ( ! v]tical /r&s ! foll[+ bord] is wov53 ,br+ ea* pair ( /r&s ov] ! next ?ree on ! "r "u ! succe$+ two & outside ( ! j>4 ,! entire circuit ( ! bord] is made 9 ?is way1 only leav+ ! fir/ "p ( x loose & op51 s t ! la/ /r&s c be wov5 9 easily4 ,:5 f9i%$1 ! bord] is aga9 wet1 & its edge made ev5 & true1 on a l9e ) ! top ( ! j> or slightly above x4 ,! ends ( ! /r&s are !n cut close to ! j>1 s z to all[ ea* to lie back ( ! la/ /r& x w5t "u4 ,if ! cov]+ /&s out f ! j>--does n cl+ z x ought1 x %\ld be ?or\ghly wet & b\nd ar\nd ) /r+ or raffia1 & firmly ti$1 until x is dry4 ,fig4 #di %[s ! complet$ cov]+4 ,gre5 ,pott]y ,b[l ) ,cov]+ & ,h&les ( ,gre5 ,rattan ,mat]ials requir$3 ,a gre5 pott]y b[l #e in*es 9 diamet] at ! upp] edge & #c at ! bottom1 #cj pieces ( pale-gre5 ,no4 #jj rattan #dh in*es long1 #b l5g?s ( pale-gre5 ,no4 #jj rattan4 ,?is gre5 b[l1 inclos$ ) a knott$ cov]+ ( pale-gre5 rattan1 may be us$ z a hang+ fl[]-pot or = cut fl[]s4 ,! orig9al 0 a piece ( deep-gre5 ,spani% pott]y1 b if "o c make ! b[l1 s mu* ! bett]--z long z ! dim5sions are ^? giv5 above4 ,9 />t+1 fifte5 pieces ( ,no4 #jj gre5 rattan :i* h be5 wet until q s(t & pliable are laid side by side 9 a gr\p :i* is d\bl$ at its c5tre1 & ! ends ti$ securely toge!r1 ab\t two in*es f :]e x 0 d\bl$4 ,"o gr\p ( ends1 conta9+ fifte5 pieces1 is made flat & ev51 & !n sep>at$ into ?ree gr\ps ( five pieces ea* & braid$ 9 a ?ree-/r&$ plait t5 & a half in*es long4 ,x is !n ti$ securely4 ,! o!r gr\p is sep>at$ & braid$ 9 ! same way1 keep+ ! /r&s flat & ! plait+ close & ev54 ,fifte5 m pieces ( rattan ( ! same size & l5g? 7:i* h be5 wet until pliable7 are n[ pass$ ?r\gh ! loop made by d\bl+ ! o!r pieces1 b5t at ! middle & ti$ z ! o!rs 71 two in*es f ! place :]e !y 7 d\bl$4 ,! ends ( ^! pieces are also braid$ 9 two plaits = t5 & a half in*es & !n ti$ firmly4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ej ,hold+ ! braids s t ! ends ( ! /r&s turn up1 & />t+ at ab\t two in*es f :]e ! braid+ /ops1 a pliable piece ( ,no4 #jj rattan is d\bl$ ar\nd ! pair ( ends on ! left ( "o ( ! gr\ps1 & is wov5 9 pair+ ^u ^! ends & ^? succe$+ !m--keep+ !m ab\t half an in* ap>t4 ,z !re is an unev5 numb] ( ends 9 ea* gr\p1 ! fifte5? "o is br\ght beside ! fir/ end 9 ! next gr\p1 & ! pair+ wov5 ^u !m 7see ,fig4 #ej74 ,?us x goes on1 until ! circuit has be5 made1 :5 ! b[l is fitt$ into ! r+ 7! braid$ h&les1 ( c\rse1 turn+ up2 & ! r+ ab\t an in* bel[ ! top ( ! b[l74 ,if ! r+ is too loose1 ! /it*es may be wet & drawn up a little2 if too tight1 !y are wet & /ret*$4 ,two m r[s are wov5 ) ! h&les turn+ d[n2 !n ! "w is rev]s$1 s t ! unf9i%$ ends %all turn d[n4 ,! ends are wet until s(t & pliable1 & at ?ree-qu>t]s ( an in* f ! la/ r[ ( pair+ !y are ti$ into a r[ ( ! knots describ$ on page #acb4 ,a second r[ ( knots is made at an in* f ! fir/4 ,! case is !n fitt$ ov] ! b[l & wet if x is necess>y 9 ord] to m\ld x 9 to fit ! %ape4 ,turn ! b[l upside d[n1 & at half an in* f ! la/ r[ ( knott+ d\ble a pliable piece ( ,no4 #jj rattan ar\nd a pair ( ends any:]e on ! circumf]5ce ( ! cov]+ & weave "o r[ ( pair+1 draw+ ! ends ( ! /r&s 91 to fit ! bottom ( ! b[l4 ,?is w br+ !m ab\t ?ree-eigh?s ( an in* ap>t4 ,ano!r r[ ( pair+ is wov51 & !n a base is made z foll[s3 ,aft] ! ends h be5 wet until pliable1 />t ) any "o ( ! pairs1 br++ x ov] ! fir/ pair on ! "r1 "u ! second1 ov] ! ?ird1 & "u ! f\r?1 tak+ c>e to leave ! base loose & op5 :]e x beg9s1 t ! la/ /r&s may be easily wov5 9 7see ,fig4 #ea74 ,! next pair ( ends on ! "r is wov5 9 ! same way ov] ! fir/ on its "r1 "u ! second1 ov] ! ?ird1 & "u ! f\r?4 ,s x goes on ar\nd ! b[l until ! "t comes to weave 9 ! la/ /r&s1 :i* w n be difficult if ! caution 9 reg>d to leav+ ! beg9n+ op5 & loose has be5 he$$4 ,:5 ! base is f9i%$1 wet x ?or\ghly1 & draw up ! /r&s or let !m out until ! edge is ev5 & on a l9e ) ! bottom ( ! b[l4 ,! ends ( ! /r&s are !n cut s t ! tip ( ea* w lie beh9d ! la/ /r& x w5t "u4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ea ,?ree-,h&l$ ,b[l = ,plants or ,fl[]s ,mat]ials requir$3 ,ab\t #c p\nds ( clay1 ,a pla/] m\ld = a b[l1 ,! wood5 modell+ tools1 ,! oval tools ( %eet /eel1 ,! %>p-po9t$ /eel tool1 ,a bun* ( raffia4 ,?is *>m+ b[l = a gr[+ plant or cut fl[]s may ei!r be us$ z a c5trepiece on a table1 or susp5d$ by a heavy raffia braid 9 ! recess ( a w9d[ or on ! por*4 ,! dull gray-gre5 mat-glaze ) :i* x is f9i%$ h>monises delightfully ) ! col\rs ( gr[+ ?+s4 ,x is =m$ 9 a b[l-%ap$ pla/] m\ld 9 ! same way z ! rose-b[l describ$ 9 ,*apt] ,,vii4 & ! b[l = a lamp 9 ,*apt] ,,vi41 b ! bottom is made unusually ?ick 7?ree-qu>t]s ( an in*7 to all[ = cutt+ away1 z ! =m is z ne>ly a hemisph]e z possible1 only flatt5$ slightly at ! bottom4 ,:5 ! b[l has be5 built up to )9 an in*1 p]haps1 ( ! top ( ! m\ld1 if x is n a deep "o1 make ! next coil free f ! sides ( ! m\ld--almo/ v]tical1 9 fact4 ,! coil t succe$s x slopes 9 ev] s slightly4 ,?is w make ! %ape deep en\gh4 ,x is n[ necess>y to let ! b[l h>d5 en\gh s t x c easily be slipp$ out ( ! m\ld4 ,! holl[s betwe5 ! coils1 aft] !y h be5 wet ) slip1 are fill$ 9 ) clay ( ! consi/5cy ( ! b[l4 ,! b[l is aga9 set away to h>d51 & !n smoo!d & f9i%$1 z describ$ 9 previ\s *apt]s1 aim+ to trim x z ne>ly z possible to ! =m ( a half-sph]e4 ,aft] ! edge has be5 cut z ne>ly true z possible by eye1 x is made absolutely ev5 by ! process describ$ 9 ,*apt] ,,ii4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eb ,?ree h&les are cut f a flat piece ( clay ab\t ?ree in*es wide by sixte5 long & half an in* ?ick1 9 ! %ape %[n 9 ,fig4 #eb1 & atta*$ z foll[s3 ,! circumf]5ce ( ! top ( ! b[l is divid$ into ?irds & m>k$ ) a tool or p5cil4 ,x is !n an easy matt] to place ! h&les s t ! c5tre ( ea* %all be j above "o ( ! m>ks on ! top edge4 ,at ! po9ts :]e ! h&les are to be atta*$1 ! top ( ! b[l is criss-cross$ ) ! po9t$ /eel tool & wet ) slip4 ,! h&les are !n plac$ 9 position1 & _! edges work$ closely aga9/ ! top & sides ( ! b[l ) ! flat ( ! nail4 ,!y %\ld be curv$ 9 a little to foll[ ! l9es ( ! b[l 7see ,plate74 ,aft] ! inside has be5 glaz$ ) ! glossy mixture m5tion$ 9 ,*apt] ,v41 a mat-glaze ( gray gre5 w complete ! b[l4 ,! ?ree raffia ropes by :i* ! b[l is susp5d$ are made z foll[s3 ,?irty /r&s ( natural-col\r$ raffia are d\bl$ ar\nd "o ( ! h&les1 & ! ends are braid$ 9 a ?ree-/r&$ plait = twelve in*es1 :]e !y are ti$4 ,two o!r braids are made on ! o!r h&les 9 ! same way1 & :5 !y are twelve in*es long ! /r&s f all ?ree braids are unit$ 9 a ?ick loop4 ,indian ,pott]y ,,*apt] ,,xi ,,indian ,,pott]y ,9 no o!r c\ntry c primitive pott]y be s conv5i5tly /udi$ z 9 ours4 ,)9 our bord]s1 he :o digs may read ! hi/ory ( clay-work+ f ! e>lie/ days4 ,^? :o are d5i$ ?is /udy at fir/ h& w f9d 9 museums pl5ty ( mat]ial--qua9t b[ls & j>s1 "s ( !m smoke-/a9$ & crack$1 b all wond]fully well pres]v$ :5 "o ?9ks ( _! age4 ,f ! rude/ pots1 made by inf]ior tribes1 we c trace ! progress ( ! craft gradually advanc+ until1 9 ! pott]y f\nd 9 or ne> ,mexico1 we see :at may be consid]$ ! ma/]pieces ( ,am]ican c]amic art4 ,9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ! pott]y ( ! ,pueblo tribes ranks fir/1 &1 close to t1 ! *>m+ w>es ( ! ,mississippi ,valley & ,gulf ,coa/4 ,!re are _m tribes :i* are /ill practis+ ! craft1 "s foll[+ ! old me?ods1 :ile o!rs1 influ5c$ by ! :ite man1 are mak+ w>e ( little int]e/ to ! /ud5t ( primitive pott]y4 ,! ,indians ( ! ,pueblo c\ntry are us+ almo/ ! same processes z ^? ( anci5t days4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ec ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ed ,! pott]y ( diff]5t sections ( ! c\ntry v>ies 9 mat]ial1 =m1 col\r1 & decoration4 ,t ! w>e ( a c]ta9 tribe 0 crude & imp]fect does n necess>ily indicate t ! p :o made x 7 inf]ior 9 culture1 b t ! natural conditions 7 n fav\rable to pott]y-mak+4 ,a tribe liv+ ne> clay-b$s w\ld z naturally make good pott]y z "o ar\nd ^: homes mat]ials = basket-mak+ grew 9 abundance w\ld excel 9 t craft4 ,p]haps1 on ! :ole1 ! pott]y ( ! ,s\? is m advanc$ ?an t ( ! ,nor!rn tribes1 probably because ( ! diff]5ce 9 climate4 ,:ile ! p ( ! ,nor? 7 w&]+ hunt]s = ! mo/ "p1 ^? ( ! ,s\? 7 m prosp]\s & /ay-at-home1 & w\ld be likely to h m wants ?an ! ,nor!rn tribes1 ) leisure to gratify !m4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ee ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ef ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eg ,z to ! uses to :i* ! ,indians put _! pott]y2 mo/ ( ! pieces %[ ) simple /raight=w>dness :at purposes !y s]v$4 ,9 only a few cases is !re any d\bt--notably "s spool-%ap$ articles ( clay1 f\nd 9 ! ,ohio ,valley4 ,at fir/1 pott]y 0 *iefly us$ = ! /or+1 cook+1 & c>ry+ ( wat] & food2 tak+ ! place1 9 "s degree1 ( vessels ( wick]1 horn1 & /one4 ,?is has always rema9$ its mo/ important function4 ,e>!n vessels 7 employ$ 9 religi\s & o!r c]emonies1 & e>!n tools 7 (t5 made1 :ile !re are1 besides ! myriads ( pipes1 a ho/ ( small clay vessels & figures :i* 7 evid5tly toys or us$ 9 games 7,see ,figs4 #ec & #ed74 ,x is int]e/+ to note ! diff]5ce betwe5 our cook+-pots & ^? ( ?is primitive p4 ,!irs h almo/ inv>iably a r\nd or cone-%ap$ base 7,see ,fig4 #ee71 :i* ,pr(4 ,w4 ,h4 ,holmes expla9s 0 natural1 z1 among b>b>\s nations1 h>d1 level floors 7 ! exception1 :ile ^? ( s& & s(t e>? 7 ! rule4 ,"u ^? conditions1 ! r\nd$ base w\ld be mu* ! be/4 ,9 putt+ ! pot ov] ! fire1 ! fuel or o!r supports kept x 9 position4 ,(t5 cook+-vessels 7 made ) %ort1 /rong h&les 7,see ,fig4 #ef7 or a fl>+ rim1 s t !y c\ld be conv5i5tly swung ov] ! fire ) v9es or cords4 ,9 c]ta9 p>ts ( ! c\ntry :]e ! ,indians made salt by evaporat+ ! wat] f sal9e spr+s1 l>ge vat-%ap$ vessels ( clay are f\nd :i* 7 evid5tly m\ld$ = ! purpose4 ,!y are peculi> because ( _! size & ! great ?ickness ( ! walls1 :ile almo/ inv>iably !y h1 on ! out] surface1 m>k+s :i* seem to h be5 impress$ ) a wov5 fabric4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eh ,o!r ,indians made maple sug>1 us+ e>!n vessels to collect & boil ! sap4 ,numb]s ( ! e>ly writ]s tell ( ! use ( clay vessels = drums1 & e>!n :i/les & rattles are common to-day 7see ,figs4 #eg & #eh74 ,a curi\s-%ap$ implem5t1 some:at l a toad/ool1 0 evid5tly a modell+ tool--to support ! walls ( a p>tially /iff5$ piece ( pott]y f )91 :ile ! out] surface 0 f9i%$ ) o!r tools4 ,9 ! l[] ,mississippi ,valley clays 7 employ$ 9 pla/]+ ! walls ( cave dwell+s1 z well z = ! floors4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ei ,z burial urns1 pott]y b[ls & vases 7 (t5 made use (4 ,n s (t51 h[ev]1 = hold+ ! a%es ( ! dead z = ! skull & o!r bones1 :i* 7 cr[d$ into a s+le j>1 or b[l1 su* z 0 common 9 ! h\sehold4 ,?is 0 cov]$ ) a small] vessel 7see ,fig4 #ei74 ,sometimes sev]al ( ^! b[ls surr\nd$ & cov]$ ! bones4 ,occasionally1 an e>!n casket seems to h be5 made especially = ! purpose4 ,!re h be5 f\nd1 beside ^! burial vessels 9 ! ,indian graves1 small] receptacles = food1 & ev5 rude toys4 ,! latt] 7 usually animal =ms--figur9es1 images ( fi%1 turtles1 & birds4 ,x is surmis$ t ^! 7 (f]+s made ) ! expectation ( _! be+ ( s]vice to ! dead 9 a future life4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fj ,unlike ! ,egyptians1 ! ,indians made little use ( clay 9 m\ld+ beads & o!r p]sonal ornam5ts4 ,!y evid5tly did n f9d x gay en\gh 9 col\r1 n kn[+ ! secret ( ! brilliant enamels ) :i* ! e>ly ,egyptian pott]s coat$ _! clays4 ,pipes1 :ile !y 7 (t5 made ( /one & o!r sub/ances1 7 9 "s p>ts ( ! c\ntry m\ld$ f clay1 & rang$ 9 =m f a simple tube to curi\s & grotesque %apes4 ,^? made by ! ,iroquois 7 p>ticul>ly elaborate--a head ( an animal or bird =m$ ! b[l1 or a snake coil$ ab\t x 7see ,fig4 #fj74 ,"o w\ld h ?\ght t1 9 mak+ _! clay pots1 :i* 7 prim>ily plann$ to s]ve useful purposes1 & 71 moreov]1 some:at p]i%able1 no att5tion w\ld h be5 giv5 to decoration2 yet ?is is f> f be+ ! case4 ,b[ls1 cups1 & cauldrons1 wat]-j>s & bottles 7see ,figs4 #fa & #fb7 7 (t5 elaborately incis$ ) beautiful & intricate designs4 ,! =ms1 too1 7 simple & good4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fa ,illu/ration3 ,,indian ,,pott]y ,! black pit*] on ! "r is ( ,santa ,cl>a w>e4 ,beside x is a wat]-cool] or t5aja made by a ,zui4 ,! clay us$ at fir/ 0 su* z c\ld be f\nd almo/ any:]e ne> ! surface1 & consequ5tly 0 full ( impurities4 ,lat]1 h[ev]1 clean clays 7 mu* s\ght aft]1 & no pa9s 7 sp>$ to gr9d & "w !m into good condition4 ,?is 0 done ) ! feet or h&s1 or bo?4 ,z ! craft advanc$1 pott]s began to temp] _! clay ) o!r +r$i5ts1 accord+ to ! use to :i* ! vessel 0 to be put4 ,= in/ance1 ! clay = toys & ! small] vessels ne$$ no temp]+4 ,pipes 7 made ( su* clay1 or ( "o temp]$ ) a f9ely gr\nd sub/ance1 :ile cook+-pots & cauldrons1 :i* 7 subject$ to con/ant heat1 7 made ( clay conta9+ a l>ge am\nt ( co>s] temp]+ +r$i5ts4 ,"s ( ! temp]+ ag5ts 7 rock1 s&1 pulv]is$ %ell1 bits ( bak$ pott]y1 c9d]s1 a%es ( b>k1 & ev5 raw vegetal mat]ials4 ,! heat at :i* ! pieces 7 fir$ 0 r>ely /rong en\gh to *ange any ( ! m9]al sub/ances 9 ! clay4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fb ,9 %ap+ ! pieces1 ! f+]s did ! "w unaid$1 except :]e a basket or g\rd 0 us$ z a m\ld1 or :]e su* simple tools z c\ld be fa%ion$ ( clay1 /one1 or %ell 7 employ$4 ,a piece ( a g\rd 0 sometimes held aga9/ ! inn] wall to support x :ile ! out] surface 0 be+ scrap$ & smoo!d ) ^! rude tools4 ,! bottom ( ! piece 0 =m$ ei!r f a small lump ( clay patt$ & m\ld$ into prop] %ape by ! f+]s1 or ) ! end ( a clay /rip :i* 0 coil$ ar\nd on itself4 ,9 :i*ev] way ! bottom 0 begun1 ! walls 7 made ( coils ( clay4 ,! anci5t ,cliff ,dwell]s1 or ,pueblos1 us$ ?is me?od v skilfully4 ,_! /rips ( clay 7 cut & coil$ ) great exactness1 & ! edges ov]lapp+ on ! outside made spiral m>k+s4 ,!re are no evid5ces ( any?+ l ! pott]'s :eel1 ! ne>e/ approa* be+ ! basket-m\ld1 :i* 0 probably turn$ ) "o h& z ! coil ( clay 0 appli$ ) ! o!r4 ,! m>k+s ( cords & weav+ :i* are (t5 se5 on ! out] surfaces ( ,indian pots & vases 7 probably made by pliable fabrics1 :i* 7 us$ to support ! piece z x 0 =m$4 ,wov5 textures 7 also wrapp$ ov] ! h&1 or a tool1 to impress ! wet clay1 & cords w\nd ab\t paddles or o!r tools made simil> impressions4 ,9 "s cases1 ! out] surface 0 rubb$ smoo? ) ! f+]s & ?umb1 or ) a /one2 9 o!rs1 ! coil /ructure is pla9ly se54 ,aft] ! body ( ! piece 0 f9i%$1 ! rim 0 p]fect$1 & ! h&les1 legs1 or o!r p>ts 9 relief 7 appli$4 ,^! 7 made sep>ately1 & 7 atta*$ by pressure & rubb+4 ,9 decoration1 ! pott]s ( ea* tribe _h diff]5t ideas1 z well z tools & devices = work+ !m out4 ,! f+]s & nails 7 us$ to produce c]ta9 effects1 & tools ( v>i\s k9ds 7 made = special purposes--po9t$ ones = incis+1 g\ge-l tools to scrape away ! clay1 & all k9ds ( /amps = impress$ designs4 ,"s ( ! /amps 7 9 paddle =m 7su* z we use = mak+ butt]-balls71 o!rs 7 ?9 disks ) ind5t$ edges1 :i* 7 roll$ ov] ! s(t clay surface4 ,incis$ designs 7 p]haps ! mo/ usual1 ?\gh col\r 0 (t5 employ$ 9 decorat+ ! w>e4 ,especially 0 ?is ! case 9 ! ,pueblo c\ntry & 9 ,arkansas4 ,! col\rs 7 :ite1 br[n1 r$1 & black1 & !y 7 mo/ly p[d]$ clay1 sometimes mix$ ) o*res4 ,! surface ( ! piece fir/ receiv$ a wa% ( f9e pa/e1 & aft]w>d ! col\rs1 gr\nd f9e & mix$ ) wat]1 7 appli$ ) ! f+] or a piece ( re$-grass4 ,! designs 7 g5]ally made by ! wom54 ,circles & curv$ designs 7 mo/ us$1 probably because !y c\ld be made ) su* fre$om1 9 contra/ to ! sl[ & pa9/ak+ process ( weav+ "r-angl$ designs into baskets4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fc ,! pott]y 0 dri$ 9 ! %ade1 9 ! sun1 or be=e ! fire1 & aft]w>d bak$ m or less ?or\ghly4 ,"s tribes--! ,catawbas1 = example--simply bak$ _! w>e be=e ! fire1 :ile o!rs cov]$ ! pieces ) burn+ b>k or o!r fuel1 surr\nd+ !m ev5ly ) x inside & out4 ,! pieces 7 protect$ f contact ) ea* o!r by brok5 pieces ( pott]y4 ,!y 7 c>efully kept f draughts dur+ ! fir+ & ! fir/ "p ( ! cool+1 = fe> ( crack+4 ,among ! ,*]okees1 a glossy black 0 giv5 to ! inn] surface ( ! pott]y by :at 0 kn[n z smo!r-fir+4 ,:5 ! process ( bak+1 j describ$1 0 complet$1 ! vessel 0 turn$ bottom up1 ov] a small hole 9 ! gr\nd1 :i* _h be5 fill$ ) burn+ corncobs4 ,f "t to "t ! fuel 0 r5ew$ until 9 half an h\r ! inside ( ! piece _h become gli/5+ black4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fd ,x is to be regrett$ t1 among ! ,indians1 ?is art1 l t ( basketry1 is pass+4 ,! com+ ( civilisation has br\ght iron & t9 cook+-vessels & ord9>y tablew>e to take ! place ( ! b[ls1 platt]s1 & cups1 ! j>s & bottles ( clay1 s full ( individual *>m4 ,n only to ! collector & ! /ud5t ( e?nology is ,indian pott]y ( value2 ! pott] ( to-day f9ds mu* t is helpful & sugge/ive 9 primitive processes1 z well z 9 ! =ms & decoration4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fe ,a /udy ( ! range ( %apes & designs 9 ,indian pott]y is a revelation to _m :o h ?\ght ( ! ,indian z an ignorant savage4 ,aside f its beauty & decorative value1 ! uses to :i* ,indian pott]y c be put 9 our homes are _m4 ,! great b[l %[n 9 ! plate sugge/s "o delightful way ( utilis+ ?is w>e4 ,foliage plants ( any size1 f a t9y cactus1 :i* seems to f9d a b[l ) a r\nd$ base ! mo/ com=table ( abid+ places1 to a great spread+ f]n1 h>monise ) ! ,indian col\rs4 ,s w fl[]+ plants1 except ^? :i* h r$1 p9k1 or purple blossoms2 & :at a relief ^! plant-b[ls are to ! eye aft] "s ( ! j>d9ires "o sees6 ,illu/ration3 ,,indian ,,pott]y ,on ! "r is a piece ( pott]y 9 t]ra-cotta & black1 made by a ,pima ,indian4 ,beside x is a di% ) a h&le1 m\ld$ by a ,zia ,indian ( ,new ,mexico4 ,! b[l is also ( ,zia w>e4 ,on ! left is a wat]-jug su* z ! ,m>icopa ,indians make4 ,l>ge b[ls are useful1 too1 = hold+ fruit on ! por* ( a c\ntry h\se1 :ile small] ones s]ve z nut-b[ls4 ,l[ plaque-%ap$ pieces make excell5t c>d-trays1 & ! small b[ls hold mat*es4 ,!re are curi\s little pieces 9 ! =m ( %oes made by ! ,indians ( ,new ,mexico4 ,^! also are useful = mat*es or cig> a%es 7see ,fig4 #fc74 ,la/ & lea/1 ?\gh only 9 size1 is ! toy pott]y--money-banks 9 ! =m ( well-f$ pigs1 :i/les1 & toy di%es1 cups1 jugs1 & plates--bewit*+ alike to little girls & big4 ,a few ( !m are %[n 9 ,figs4 #fd & #fe4 ,!y are ,indian r$ & creamy yell[ 9 col\r1 ) designs ( black1 & r>ely are two ( !m alike4 ,fa%ions *ange 9 pott]y z well z 9 o!r ?+s1 & freaki% =ms :i* please u to-day may be ridicul$ to-morr[2 b primitive w>es h an endur+ value4 ,pieces t 7 m\ld$ = s]vice1 by pott]s ^: love = nature & its beauties mu/ ne$s express itself ev5 on ! decoration ( a cook+-pot1 w la/ long aft] ! w>e t is made only = money has gone back to ! gr\nd f :5ce x came4 ,mod]n ,am]ican ,pott]y ,,*apt] ,,xii ,,mod]n ,,am]ican ,,pott]y ,"o ( ! mo/ enc\rag+ signs ( ! advance 9 ta/e among ,am]ican p is to be f\nd 9 _! appreciation ( ! pott]y :i* is n[ be+ made 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,"t 0 :5 majolica j>d9ires & ,au/rian *9a1 ) _! high col\rs & glassy glazes1 7 ?+s to be desir$4 ,happily1 !y are go+ ! way ( plu%-cov]$ 8suites0 ( furniture & crazy-quilts4 ,mu* ( ! simplicity ( me?od & design 9 ,am]ican pott]y comes f ! /udy ( primitive processes1 %apes1 & decorations4 ,indian w>e1 ?\gh ( less value ?an "s o!rs to ! /ud5t ( c]amics1 on acc\nt ( its s(tness ( body & unglaz$ surface1 is nev]!less full ( arti/ic feel+ & sugge/ion to mak]s ( pott]y4 ,!re are _m evid5ces also ( ,fr5* & ,japanese influ5ce4 ,9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 true art pott]y is be+ made--ea* w>e ) its own individuality & m or less *>act]i/ic ( ! section ( ! c\ntry f :5ce x comes4 ,z yet b little tablew>e has be5 attempt$ at ^! pott]ies--! ,d$ham be+ almo/ ! only "o :]e x is made4 ,mod]n pott]y is ei!r m\ld$ by h&1 ?r[n on ! pott]'s :eel1 or ca/ 9 m\lds4 ,aft] x has be5 =m$1 x is g5]ally decorat$1 ei!r by ! arti/-pott] himself or by "s "y man or woman :o has le>n$ design z appli$ to pott]y4 ,! decoration is ei!r pa9t$ ) col\rs :i* h be5 mix$ ) clays1 l "s ( ! ,rookwood w>e1 or incis$1 modell$ 9 relief1 or built up1 z ! ,volkm> pott]y4 ,aft] x is q dry1 ! pot is fir$ 9 ! great kiln1 ?is "t )\t glaz+1 or 9 ! biscuit4 ,x is !n glaz$1 & fir$ = ! second "t4 ,! philosophical pott]--& e pott] ne$s philosophy--w n despair if1 9 ! second fir+1 ! piece is n satisfactory4 ,he glazes x aga91 ) e c>e1 9 "t = ! next fir+1 & is (t5 rew>d$ by hav+ ?is ugly duckl+ ( "o kiln turn out ! swan ( ! next4 ,among ! pione]s ( art pott]y 9 ?is c\ntry 0 ,mrs4 ,m>ia ,longwor? ,/or]1 a ,c9c9nati woman1 :o 9 #ahhj op5$ a pott]y call$ by ! "n ( h] fa!r's place1 ,rookwood4 ,mrs4 ,/or] _h1 9 addition to an arti/ic temp]am5t1 ! pati5ce & det]m9ation1 z well z ! f9ancial res\rces1 necess>y to su* an und]tak+4 ,! fir/ kiln ( ! new pott]y 0 drawn on ,?anksgiv+ ,day4 ,by #ahhi1 ! pott]y _h become self-support+4 ,rookwood has always be5 a di/9ctively ,am]ican pott]y4 ,f ! fir/1 native clays 7 us$1 & _! possibilities 7 discov]$ ) ! fir+ ( ea* new kiln4 ,clays t fire at a comp>atively l[ heat 7 us$ at fir/1 & ?is necessitat$ employ+ ! s(t glazes4 ,lat]1 ! yell[1 or ,rock+ham1 w>e =m$ ! body ( ! pieces1 & n[ a creamy-:ite body is us$1 :i* produces a /rong & beautiful pott]y4 ,?is is f9i%$ ) a mat-glaze4 ,at fir/1 ! t9t ( ! native clay incl9$ ! col\r s*eme to w>m br[ns1 yell[s1 & r$s4 ,?is w>e 0 decorat$ ) fl[] or figure designs "u a brilliant glaze4 ,x is kn[n z ,/&>d ,rookwood4 ,! ,tig] ,eye & ,gold/one are o!r w>es ) glaze effects n unlike ! ,/&>d ,rookwood4 ,bo? ( ^! h d>k gr\nds ) an occasional lum9\s gleam ( gold--"o ( ! int]e/+ accid5ts ( ! kiln4 ,o!r v>ieties ( ,rookwood1 9 ! ord] ( _! developm5t1 7 ,sea ,gre51 9 :i* an opalesc5t gre5 effect is sometimes reliev$ ) a t\* ( yell[ or r$1 & ,iris1 :i* has ! creamy-:ite body already ref]r$ to4 ,?is enables ! pott] to produce gray tones 9 8 glazes4 ,9 ,rookwood1 :i* is coat$ ) ! fl[+ glaze1 !re is a quality n unlike "s ( ! old ,*9ese w>es4 ,x has a ri*ness ( texture lum9\s & beautiful4 ,! decorations are pa9t$ 9 relief1 s simply t ! glaze fl[s *>m+ly ov] !m4 ,!re is also a v>iety ( ! ,rookwood pott]y ) a mat-glaze4 ,9 ?is1 ! process is entirely diff]5t f t us$ 9 mak+ ! o!r k9ds ( ,rookwood4 ,! glaze is ( ! greate/ importance1 ! =ms are simple1 sometimes almo/ rugg$1 & ! decorations are subord9ate4 ,!re are ev5 pieces entirely undecorat$1 :i* dep5d ^u _! beauty ( col\r & texture alone4 ,decorations adapt$ f ,indian designs are (t5 modell$ 9 relief or incis$4 ,occasionally1 metals are appli$4 ,mantels1 wall-panels1 dr9k+-f\nta9s1 & ar*itectural reliefs are also made ( ! ,rookwood fai5ce4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ff ,_m are ! pott]s' m>ks t h be5 us$ at ,rookwood4 ,be=e #ahhf !re 7 eight 9 all4 ,at t "t1 ! m>k %[n 9 ,fig4 #ff 0 adopt$4 ,?is 0 us$1 ) ! addition ( a flame m>k = e succe$+ ye>1 until #aijj1 :5 ! m>k 0 l ,fig4 #fg4 ,s9ce t date1 a ,roman num]al has be5 add$ bel[ ! m>k1 accord+ to ! ye> ! piece 0 made4 ,= example1 ! pieces ( ! pres5t ye> h ! ,roman numb] ,,iv4 bel[ ! m>k us$ 9 #aijj4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fg ,a comp>atively ne> neighb\r ( ,rookwood is ! ,gates pott]y1 ne> ,*icago1 :]e ,teco w>e is made4 ,! pott]'s love = 8 "w1 & ! pott]'s zeal to produce some?+ m p]fect & beautiful ?an he _h ev] done be=e1 l$ ,william ,d4 ,gates1 :o _h long made t]ra cotta = ar*itectural purposes1 to exp]im5t ) clays & glazes until f9ally ,teco w>e 0 evolv$4 ,x is a h>d1 durable pott]y built on simple l9es4 ,we/]n arti/s & ar*itects ( note h contribut$ designs & =ms = ?is w>e1 &1 = ! mo/ "p1 ! pieces are beautiful & re/ful to ! eye4 ,! few incis$ or m\ld$ decorations are n made prom95t1 b are sugge/$ r ?an %>ply def9$4 ,ov] all is a mat-glaze ( s(t1 wax-l texture 9 gre5--! gre5 t makes "o ?9k ( wea!r$ bronze4 ,set 9 a picturesque valley1 surr\nd$ by fl[]s1 & ne> a little lake1 ! ,gates pott]ies are s situat$ z to inspire ! arti/ pott]s :o m\ld ! =ms & decorate ! w>e4 ,x has be5 ! aim ( ! mak]s ( ,teco pott]y to produce a w>e t %all be satisfy+ & beautiful1 & yet ( comp>atively slight co/4 ,illu/ration3 ,,teco ,,w>e ,x is a f> j\rney f ^! pott]ies to ! ?ree ,new ,engl& cities :]e are ! ,grueby1 ,d$ham1 & ,m]rimac pott]ies4 ,grueby w>e1 :i* 0 fir/ made 9 ,bo/on 9 #ahih1 is rem>kable = ! glaze1 :i* 0 discov]$ by ,mr4 ,william ,h4 ,grueby4 ,al?\gh1 = _m ye>s1 dull-f9i%$ pott]y has be5 produc$ by s&-bla/+ w>e ) a glossy f9i%1 or by tak+ a piece ( glaz$ pott]y & treat+ x ) acid1 to make x dull1 ! ,grueby pott]ies 7 ! fir/ 9 ! hi/ory ( c]amics to make a dull-f9i%$ pott]y 9 _! kilns4 ,! surface ?us obta9$ has a deep1 velvety look1 unlike any o!r f9i% made--su* z t :i* 0 possess$ by old ,corean pott]y4 ,! w>e 0 fir/ exhibit$ 9 ,p>is1 9 #aijj1 :]e x made q a s5sation1 & ! ,fr5* ,gov]nm5t aw>d$ ! ,grueby ,pott]ies a gold m$al = enamels & glazes1 z well z a silv] m$al = design1 & gave ,mr4 ,grueby p]sonally a gold m$al = ! "w he _h accompli%$ 9 dull-f9i%$ enamels4 ,! =ms are simple & good1 & ! decorations1 :i* are incis$ or modell$ 9 relief1 are plann$ s t ! glaze %all fl[ well ov] !m4 ,common plant =ms1 su* z ! mulle9 leaf1 blades ( grass1 planta91 & ! enfold+ leaves ( ! lily1 are ! motives = ^! designs4 ,!re is a delicacy--"o might almo/ say a res]ve--9 _! treatm5t t is r>e & v int]e/+4 ,! pott]y is h>d1 & ! glaze su* z is applicable to a w>e :i* fires at a great heat4 ,! col\rs ( ,grueby pott]y are beautiful & ri*1 rang+ f an old ivory t9t to gold5 yell[s1 russet br[ns1 & velvety blues & a v>iety ( gre5 %ades4 ,! texture ( ! glaze is s(t1 l ! bloom ( a melon1 & x has an unusual network ( m>k+s4 ,no m\lds are us$ 9 mak+ ?is pott]y2 x is all ?r[n on ! :eel1 &1 z 9 ! old w>es1 no two pieces are exactly alike4 ,besides its beauty & arti/ic value1 ! fact t ! ,grueby pott]y is made 9 =ms t are useful makes x d\bly desirable4 ,among lamp-j>s1 p>ticul>ly1 !re is ! greate/ v>iety4 ,^! are made bo? = oil & electricity4 ,9 ! ,grueby-,tiffany lamp1 two *>m+ products ( appli$ arts are comb9$--! j> be+ ,grueby w>e1 & ! lead$ or bl[n-glass %ade ( ,tiffany design & workman%ip4 ,! ,d$ham pott]y is rem>kable = _m reasons1 *ief among !m be+ ! fact t x is1 z already /at$1 almo/ ! only place 9 ?is c\ntry :]e art tablew>e is made4 ,"s ( ?is w>e1 :i* is popul>ly kn[n z ! ,bunny *9a1 has lifelike little rabbits on ! bord]1 o!r pieces h designs ( ducks1 & o!rs /ill h bord]s ( fruit4 ,! wond]ful ,ori5tal glazes t are us$ on pieces ( ,d$ham w>e 7 re-discov]$ by ,mr4 ,hugh ,c4 ,rob]tson4 ,! be/-kn[n glaze ( ?is pott]y1 h[ev]1 is ! gray crackle-w>e ) designs ( blue4 ,at ! ,m]rimac pott]y1 9 ,newburyport1 an excell5t w>e is made4 ,a few ( ! pieces are m\ld$1 b ! majority are ?r[n on ! pott]'s :eel4 ,little decoration is us$1 ! *>m ( ! w>e be+ its =m & col\r4 ,among ! mo/ rem>kable ( ! arti/ pott]s ( ?is c\ntry is ,mr4 ,*>les ,volkm>1 ( ! ,volkm> ,kilns1 9 ,metu*51 ,new ,j]sey4 ,an arti/ to 8 f+]-tips1 he has a pott]'s ?umb :i* is ! envy ( all ^? :o 7 less evid5tly born to ! craft4 ,mr4 ,volkm> /udi$ n only art1 b 8 craft z well1 9 ,p>is1 we>+ ! bl\se ( a workman 9 ! pott]ies1 :]e he le>n$ s admirably h[ to "w 9 clay t !re are few 9 ?is c\ntry :o approa* him4 ,! w>e made by ,mr4 ,volkm> & 8 son1 ,mr4 ,leon ,volkm>1 is rem>kable = ! simple beauty ( its =ms & = ! quality ( its glazes4 ,! body ( ! w>e is pale yell[1 & x is exce$+ly h>d & durable4 ,ye>s ago1 ,mr4 ,volkm> made a f9e blue-&-:ite w>e1 :i* 0 decorat$ ) hi/orical sc5es4 ,8 pieces n[ are = ! mo/ "p f9i%$ ) a mat-glaze1 al?\gh "s h a glossy transp>5t surface4 ,all are beautiful 9 col\r4 ,"h is :]e ! arti/ %[s preem95tly4 ,! deep1 ri* texture ( ! mat-glaze s(t5s1 b does n hide1 ! simple incis$ or built-up designs4 ,! pi]c$ designs ( ,volkm> pott]y are decorative & /rong4 ,?is w>e is z practical to use z x is *>m+ to look at4 ,! fl[]-j>s are 9 tones t h>monise delightfully ) ! blossoms t fill !m1 & ! jugs h fl[+ & graceful l9es1 & yet are sub/antial & ( g5]\s proportions4 ,! plate %[s a few pieces ( ?is w>e4 ,! piece on ! left is a pale yell[i%-br[n1 ) a glossy f9i%2 ?is is suitable = a lamp-b[l or = fl[]s4 ,beside x is a /urdy little mug1 ) a deep gre5 mat-glaze4 ,! next j> is f9i%$ ) a dull blue transp>5t glaze1 & ! tall] vase-%ap$ piece on ! "r has a mat-glaze ( pale gray-gre54 ,n f> f ! ,volkm> ,kilns1 at ,woodbridge1 ,new ,j]sey1 is ! ,poillon pott]y1 :]e g>d5 w>e is made4 ,great tree- & plant-tubs1 sun-dial /&s1 well-curbs1 & w9d[-l$ge boxes are a few ( ! ?+s t come f ?is pott]y4 ,! =ms ( ^! pieces are sub/antial & good4 ,"s excell5t indoor pott]y is also m\ld$--c&le/icks1 toilet sets1 jugs1 & fl[]-b[ls--a ho/ ( useful & attractive %apes1 coat$ ) a fl[+ glaze4 ,! w>e is f9i%$ 9 a v>iety ( col\rs1 yell[ be+ "o ( ! mo/ successful4 ,! ,poillon pott]ies h design$ special e>!nw>e = c\ntry clubs--lamps1 toilet sets1 a%trays1 mat*-b[ls2 all uni=m 9 col\r & design1 & ea* specially adapt$ 9 =m to ! use = :i* x is int5d$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,"s ,,pieces ,,( ,,volkm> ,,pott]y ,! "w ( ! ,bru% ,guild ( ,new ,york is m l ,indian pott]y ?an any o!r ( ! ,am]ican w>es4 ,! pieces all h a h&-m\ld$ look1 & ! few designs are q primitive 9 _! simplicity4 ,! glossy-black f9i% sugge/s ,indian smo!r-fir+4 ,x is n unlike ! black pott]y :i* ! ,santa ,cl>a ,indians make1 & ! great g5]\s pieces are also sugge/ive ( ?is w>e4 ,unlike any ,indian pott]y1 h[ev]1 ! b[ls & j>s ( ! ,bru% ,guild w hold wat] p]fectly4 ,f ! f> ,s\? comes an exce$+ly int]e/+ w>e3 ?is is ! ,newcomb pott]y1 made by ! /ud5ts ( ,newcomb ,college1 ,new ,orleans4 ,x may be se5 at exhibitions ( arts & crafts guilds "h 9 ! ,nor?4 ,! w>e orig9at$ 9 ! art dep>tm5t ( ,newcomb ,college4 ,"h1 = ye>s1 tea*]s ( draw+ & pa9t+ _h be5 educat$1 b x began to be manife/ t1 ) ! lack ( o!r fields = art work]s1 ?is dep>tm5t c\ld n be widely useful4 ,! e/abli%m5t ( a pott]y 0 ! practical solution ( ?is difficulty4 ,_m "y wom5 h f\nd1 9 ! mak+ ( ?is pott]y1 an arti/ic vocation f :i* !y reap pr(it & reputation4 ,! aim ( ! orig9ators f ! fir/ has be5 to make a w>e t w\ld be individual--"o t %\ld h a *>m all its own4 ,?is has be5 accompli%$ by tak+ z motives = ! designs ! unusual & beautiful ,s\!rn fl[]s1 plants1 & trees1 z well z ! animal life ( t "p ( ! c\ntry4 ,a *>m+ pit*] has a design ( sn[-drops1 pa9t$ 9 cream-:ite slip on a yell[-gray backgr\nd4 ,ano!r piece has a decoration ( fi%es1 & on /ill ano!r1 a high1 sl5d] fl[]-j>1 /alks ( ! sug>-cane =m ! design4 ,! me?ods ( decoration are incis+1 pa9t+1 & modell+1 us$ toge!r or s+ly1 accord+ to ! requirem5ts ( ! design4 ,great fre$om is all[$ 9 ! *oice ( col\r z well z 9 ! decoration1 ea* work] feel+ ! responsibility atta*$ to a sign$ piece ( pott]y4 ,"s ( ! w>e is undecorat$ save = ! unexpect$ t\*es ( ! kiln1 :i* give *>m+ & unusual effects4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,piece ,,( ,,newcomb ,,pott]y ,! m>k %[n 9 ,fig4 #fh di/+ui%es ! ,newcomb pott]y1 & only ^? pieces receive x :i* are approv$ by ! art dep>tm5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fh ,individual "w ( m]it is be+ produc$ e ye> 9 ?is c\ntry1 & x w n be long be=e ! solit>y pott] ( to-day1 m\ld+ 8 pieces & te/+ 8 glazes 9 "s little work%op1 l a br[n *rysalis1 w p]fect 8 w>e2 s t ! t9y work%op w exp& into a great build+1 & ano!r beautiful w>e w be add$ to mod]n ,am]ican pott]y4