,transcrib]'s ,notes3 ,text enclos$ by und]scores is 9 italics 7italics74 ,additional ,transcrib]'s ,notes are at ! end4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a ,,description ,( a ,,new-,,inv5t$ ,/ove-,grate1 ,,%ew+ ,,its ,,uses & ,,advantages ,,ov] ,,all ,,o!rs2 ,bo? 9 ,po9t ( ,,exp5ce1 & e ,purpose ( a ,,*amb]fire4 ,,london3 ,pr9t$ by ,j4 ,,t[]s 9 ,piccadilly2 ,& publi%$ by ! ,inv5tor1 ,j4 ,,durno1 & sold by him at 8 ,h\se 9 ,j]myn-,/reet2 ,r4 ,,davis1 ! ,corn] ( ,sackville-,/reet1 ,piccadilly2 & ,m4 ,,coop] 9 ,pat]no/]-,r[4 #agec4 ,price ,six-p5ce4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illu/ration ,a ,,description ,( a ,new-,inv5t$ ,,/ove-,,grate4 ,! ,/ate ( ! ,wea!r 9 ?is ,isl& is s extremely v>iable & unc]ta91 t ! ,inhabitants are oblig$ to keep ,fires to sit by ne> ,eight ,mon?s 9 ! ,ye>4 ,,& ev] s9ce ! ,duty laid ^u ,coals1 ! ,article ( ,fire has be5 s v exp5sive 9 _m ,p>ts ( ! ,k+dom1 p>ticul>ly 9 ?is ,metropolis1 t x is to be hop$1 any ,attempt to make our ,rooms m w>m & com=table1 & t at a mu* less ,exp5ce ?an usual2 always free f ,smoke1 & equally *e>ful z ) ! common ,fires2 w meet ) ! ,fav\r ( ! ,publick4 ,,^! are "s ( ! ,advantages propos$ by a new-inv5t$ ,,/ove-,,grate1 ! ,description & ,uses :]e( are conta9$ 9 ! foll[+ ,%eets4 ,,& surely1 if ev] any ,inv5tion1 discov]$ by a ,me*anick1 des]v$ ! ,att5tion ( ! ,publick1 ?is may ju/ly lay claim to x2 s9ce n only e ,family1 b e ,individual1 is 9 "s degree int]e/$ 9 x2 & m especially z x is n (f]$ z unc]ta9 ,!ory1 b its ,uses & ,advantages1 ov] all o!rs1 h be5 confirm$ by ,trial & ,exp]i5ce3 ,= "o ( ! smalle/ ,size ( ^! ,,/ove-,,grates has be5 set up1 ev] s9ce ! beg9n+ ( la/ ,w9t]1 9 a common ,room at ! ,inv5tor's ,h\se1 :]e sev]al curi\s & +5i\s ,p]sons h be5 to see & obs]ve ! ,effects ( x2 & x has appe>$ to ! ,satisfaction ( ! be/ ,judges1 t ?is same ,room1 built ( common ,qu>t]+1 & cov]$ ) ,la?s & ,plai/]1 ,feet4 ,in*es4 ,long #bf 3 #f 3 #j ,broad #ac 3 #j 3 #j ,high #aj 3 #f 3 #j ) a ,pair ( l>ge fold+ ,doors at "o ,end1 & a ,door op5+ to ! ,/air ,case at ! o!r ,end1 9 :i* f\r or five ,pecks ( ,coals _h usually be5 consum$ e ,day 9 a common ,grate & ,*imney1 has be5 kept w>m1 ev] s9ce ! ,new ,/ove 0 erect$1 ) no great] ,quantity ?an "o ,peck ( ,coals a ,day2 & ) ?is s+ul> ,advantage1 t ! ,w>m? is diffus$1 m regul>ly & uni=mly1 ov] ! :ole ,room1 ?an x 0 be=e4 ,,^? :o w take ! ,tr\ble ( call+1 w be able to =m a m di/9ct ,idea ( ! ,con/ruction & ,use ( ?is ,ma*9e1 ?an c be convey$ by ,writ+3 ,b z _m ,p h nei!r ! ,curiosity or ,opportunity = occul> ,inspection1 ,i %all give a p>ticul> ,description ( x1 z well z ( all ! o!r ,ma*9es1 t h be5 contriv$ = ! l ,purposes2 & x w appe>1 by a fair & imp>tial ,comp>ison1 t ?is is att5d$ ) great] ,advantages1 & few] ,inconv5i5ces1 ?an any t has ev] yet be5 (f]$ to ! ,publick4 ,,b1 = ! bett] und]/&+ ( :at foll[s1 x w be necess>y to expla9 "s ( ! ,prop]ties ( ,air & ,fire4 ,,! *ief ,prop]ties ( ,air1 are ,fluidity1 ,gravity1 & ,ela/icity4 ,fir/1 ,,! ,air is a ,fluid1 consi/+ ( ,p>ts :i* h n any s5sible ,attraction or ,cohesion betwixt !mselves2 b ( su* a ,%ape or ,=m1 z to glide "o ov] ano!r1 & yield to ! slighte/ ,impression3 ,( ?is we ne$ no o!r ,pro(1 ?an ! ,ease & ,fre$om ) :i* ,animals brea! ?is ,elem5t1 & pass ?r\gh x1 )\t any s5sible ,resi/ance4 ,secondly1 ,,t ! ,air does gravitate1 or act ^u inf]ior ,bodies by its ,weight1 is demon/rable by a great _m ,exp]im5ts1 & p>ticul>ly ! ,b>omet]1 :i* by ! ris+ & fall+ ( ! ,m]cury1 %ews ! great] or less] ,weight ( ! ,column ( ,air incumb5t ^u x4 ,?irdly1 ,,nor is ! ,ela/icity ( ! ,air less demon/rable ?an ei!r its ,fluidity or ,gravity4 ,,air is an ela/ick ,body1 = if x be conf9$ or compress$ )9 a less ,space ?an its natural ,/ate requires1 x w1 ! ,mom5t ! ,re/ra9t is remov$1 dilate & exp& itself s z to fill ! same ,space z be=e2 & t too ) su* ,=ce1 z to break 9 ,pieces ! ,glass or ,e>!n ,vessel t conta9$ x2 z may be se5 by ! common ,exp]im5t ( a ,bottle full ( common ,air1 /rongly cork'd1 & put "u ! ,receiv] on ! ,air-,pump1 :5 ! ,air surr\nd+ ! ,bottle is pump'd out4 ,b :at is p>ticul>ly rem>kable ) ref]5ce to ! ,subject we are treat+ (1 is1 ,t ,air is r>ifi$ by ,heat1 & cond5s$ by ,cold2 ,fir/1 ,air r>ifi$ & exp&$ by ,heat1 becomes specifically light] ?an x 0 be=e1 & w asc5d 9 ,air ( great] ,d5sity3 ,z ,matt] specifically light] ?an ,wat]1 ,cork = ,in/ance1 if plac$ at ! bottom ( an empty ,vessel1 w1 if ,wat] be p\r$ into ! ,vessel1 asc5d above ! ,surface ( ! ,wat]2 s r>ifi$ ,air w rise 9 common ,air till x comes to ,air ( equal ,weight1 or is by ,cold r$uc$ to its =m] ,d5sity4 ,,= ! same ,reason1 if a ,fire be k9dl$ 9 an op5 ,place1 ! ,heat !re( w r>ify ! next circumambi5t ,air2 & t :i* is m remote be+ heavi]1 w press e :]e1 & 9 all ,directions1 ^u ! ,air t is r>ifi$1 & drive x to ! ,fire2 ! ,flame & ,sp>ks :]e( w1 toge!r ) ! r>ifi$ ,air1 asc5d 9 a conic ,=m1 l ! ,flame ( a ,c&le1 9 a trembl+ ,motion1 z x is m or less act$ ^u by ! ,pressure ( ! cold ,air3 ,& ! ,reason :y ! ,flame is m contract$ at ! ,top ?an ,bottom1 is1 t ! ,heat at ,top be+ less int5se1 ! next adjac5t ,air is less r>ifi$1 & ! gross ,air conf9es x m4 ,,!re=e1 :5 a ,fire is light$ 9 a ,*imney1 ! ,heat r>ifies ! ,air ov] & next ! ,fire1 & makes x rise 9 ! ,funnel1 & ! common ,air 9 ! ,room imm$iately supplies its ,place1 is r>ifi$ 9 its turn1 & rises also4 ,,?is ,motion be+ ?us g5]at$1 is cont9u$ by small ,inlets ( ,air1 ?r\gh ! ,doors & ,w9d[s ( ! ,room2 & ! l>g] ! ,fire1 ! great] w be ! curr5t ( ,air ?r\gh _! ,crevices4 ,if ! ,doors & ,w9d[s are s well fitt$ 9 _! ,frames1 t all ! ,inlets toge!r _c supply s mu* ,air z is want$ to c>ry (f ! ,smoke1 x w !n hang ab\t ! ,fire1 gradually dim9i%1 & at l5g? totally ext+ui% x4 ,,v>i\s are ! ,improvem5ts t h be5 made 9 ! ,con/ruction ( ,*imneys1 to increase ! ,degree ( ,heat1 to prev5t ,smoke1 & to save 9 ! ,article ( ,fuel4 ,,& not)/&+ ! _m ,attempts to rem$y ! ,defects 9 "o or o!r ( ^! ,respects1 ! same h hi!rto come %ort ( ! ,end propos$4 ,take ! ,article ( ,smoke = ,in/ance3 ,no ,build] ( ,"* w pret5d to insure all ! ,rooms 9 a new-built ,h\se f smok+1 appe>s f ?is1 t !y g5]ally at fir/ f9i% ! ,*imney ,tops ) :at !y call ,r\nd+s1 & if1 ^u ,trial1 ^? d n answ]1 !y ei!r ,hovel1 or fix ,e>!n ,pots1 l a holl[ ,cyl9d]1 or plant ,t9 ,tubes on ! ,tops1 n mu* unlike ,organ-,pipes inv]t$2 all :i* ,me?ods1 n only spoil ! ,symmetry ( ! ,build+1 b :at is /ill worse1 !y (t5 leave ! ,*imnies z ,smoky z !y 7 at fir/1 aft] a consid]able ,sum has be5 sp5t on a ,cure4 ,,9 ord] to rem$y all1 or "s ( ! ,inconv5i5ces already m5tion$1 a great ,v>iety ( ,*imnies1 ,/ove-,grates1 & ,close-,/oves h be5 inv5t$4 ,i %all describe "s ( ! pr9cipal ones t h fall5 "u my ,obs]vation2 & %all endeav\r1 z ,i g along1 to po9t out _! ,advantages & ,defects4 ,,fir/1 ,mons4 ,gaug] has describ$ sev5 sorts ( ,*imnies1 :i*1 h[ev]1 all agree 9 g5]al z to ! ,con/ruction & ,disposition ( ! pr9cipal ,p>ts4 ,,8 ,mann] ( ,p]=mance is by ,plates ( ,iron1 ,copp]1 & ,brass1 plac$ 9 ! ,*imney1 aft] its be+ prep>$ to receive !m1 at f\r ,in*es f ! ,back1 ,jambs1 & ,he>?1 ) a ,communication to ! ext]nal ,air2 :i* fir/ ent]$ "u ! ,he>?-,plate1 & made sev]al ,turn+s & ,w9d+s1 ?r\gh ,p>titions betwe5 ! inside ( ! ,*imney1 & ^? ,plates repres5t+1 z x 71 a re-curv$ ,canal2 "o ,end :]e( jo9s ! outw>d ,air1 & ! o!r comes out ( ! ,top ( "o ( ! ,jambs ( ! ,*imney4 ,! ,use & ,int5t ( ^! ,*imnies is only = burn+ ( ,wood1 ! ,heat :]e( is m diffus$ ?an t ( ,turf or ,peat4 ,,! ,inv5tion 0 extremely +5i\s1 ! ,room 0 w>m$1 9 all its ,p>ts1 ) great ,equality2 cold ,air 0 prev5t$ ru%+ ?r\gh ,crevices2 ! ,funnel 0 suppli$ by a ,trap-,door1 or ,bell[s1 ^u ! ,he>?-,plate2 & mu* less ,wood s]v$ to make a ,fire3 b ! ,exp5ce 0 f\nd to be s great1 especially 9 old ,*imnies1 t !y nev] came into mu* use1 & are n[ entirely laid aside3 ,! upright ,heat 0 likewise all lo/ 9 all ^? ,*imnies4 ,,secondly1 ! +5i\s ,dr4 ,desaguli]s gives ! ,con/ruction ( two k9ds ( ,*imnies2 "o = burn+ ,turf & ,peat ^u ! ,he>?1 & ! o!r = ,sea-,coal 9 a ,/ove-,grate1 made 9 a p>ticul> ,mann]4 ,,9 ! ,description ( ! ,fir/1 he says1 ,t 9 ,*imnies :]e ,wood is burnt ! ,cavities beh9d ! ,back & ,sides1 aft] ! ,mann] t ! ,fr5* ,au?or directs1 are v useful2 b :]e y h ! ,heat v /rong1 x w be prop] to make ! ,cavities z ne> ! ,fire z possible2 & ?o' ! ,c\rse ( ! ,air w be %ort]1 yet ! great ,heat x acquires 9 t ,case w make ,am5ds = ! ,%ortness ( ! ,passage4 ,,! ,%ape & ,mann] ( ! ,*imney is ! same z direct$ by ,mons4 ,gaug]1 ) ?is diff]5ce1 t ! ,doctor's has no ,cavity "u ! ,he>?2 only a divid$ ,box made ( ,plate-,iron1 ^u :i* ! ,fire is plac$1 & an horizontal ,cavity beh9d ! ,back1 fac$ ) ,plate-,iron2 s l[1 t ! ,fire lies aga9/ x3 ,?r\gh ?is ,prep>ation comes a ,/ream ( ext]nal ,air1 9 sev]al ,turn+s & ,w9d+s1 & f !nce is c>ri$ up a ,passage )9 ! ,brick-,"w 9 "o ( ! ,corn]s1 z high z ! ,mantle-,piece2 f ! ,corn] x is br\ght =w>d to ! "u side ( ! ,mantle-,piece1 :]e x makes sev]al ,turn+s 9 a ,t9 ,canal1 f :i* x is at la/ convey'd into ! ,room4 ,,he likewise recomm5ds ! ,trap-,bell[s 9 ?is ,con/ruction ( ,/oves4 ,,! ,con/ruction ( ! ,second ,sort consi/s ( a ,grate ( a p>ticul> ,make1 ) a ,box ( ,plate-,iron beh9d ! ,back1 t has only ?ree ,cavities2 "o ,end communicates ) ! outw>d ,air to br+ x ?r\gh ^? ,cavities1 obliquely1 to ! ,corn] 9 ! ,brick-,"w2 f !nce x is br\ght =w>d 9 ! upp] "p ( ! ,jamb1 q into ! ,t9 ,canal1 beh9d ! ,mantle-,piece1 z 9 ! la/ ,con/ruction2 b ! same ,inconv5i5ce att5ds bo? ^! sort ( ,*imnies1 t ! upright ,heat1 :i* is at lea/ ?ree-f\r?s ( :at proce$s f ! ,fire1 is almo/ :olly lo/2 z x is 9 all ! op5 ,fire-,places4 ,,?irdly1 ! ,dut* & ,g]man ,/oves1 :i* are v diff]5t4 ,,! ,dut* ,/ove has a ,flue proce$+ f ! ,top1 :i* is sometimes b5t d[nw>ds1 & !n goes into ! ,*imney1 ?r\gh a false ,back1 at ab\t f\r ,in*es f ! true ,back3 ,t ,space has a ,communication ) ! ,funnel1 & all ! o!r ,p>ts ( ! ,*imney are :olly clos$ up4 ,,& !re are o!rs :i* h ! ,flue /raight upw>d1 t goes into ! ,*imney1 & all ! ,funnel clos$ up r\nd ! ,flue ( ! ,/ove4 ,! ,fir/ ,sort1 9 my ,op9ion1 is ! be/2 = !re is n s mu* ( ! upright ,heat lo/ z 9 ?is1 & ! ,*imney _c s readily smoke2 because ! ,space betwe5 ! false ,back & ! true ,back ob/ruct1 9 "s degree1 ! ,passage ( ! ,air d[n ! ,*imney4 ,bo? ^! sorts h a small ,iron ,door into ! ,room1 :i* 9 "s degree *anges ! ,air z x fl[s to t ,op5+2 "p ( :i* goes (f ) ! ,smoke1 & its ,place is suppli$ by ! ent]+ ,air f ,doors1 ,w9d[s1 & ,crevices4 ,b z !re is s small a ,*ange ( ,air1 ! ,room w soon be w>m1 ! ,*imney be+ :olly clos$ up2 v little ,air is requir$ to supply ! small ,door ( ! ,/ove1 & t only c ent] at ! ,door or ,w9d[s ( ! ,room3 ,little ,fuel s]ves1 = almo/ all ! ,heat is sav$4 ,?is small *ange ( ,air makes ^! ,/oves :olesom]1 or at lea/ pleasant]1 ?an ! ,g]man ,/oves1 b !re is little sight ( ! ,fire2 & no o!r ,use c be made ( x b to w>m ! ,room3 ,& if any ill ,smell %\ld happ5 9 ! ,room1 x is n easily c>ri$ (f1 by ,reason ( ! sl[ *ange ( ,air at ! little ,iron ,door2 & ! ,room is always some:at suffocat+1 especially to ^? :o are n accu/om$ to x4 ,,! ,g]man ,/ove is n unlike a ,*e/ = ,cloa?s set ^u "o ,end1 & is fix$ into ! ,wall1 ) ! ,top turn$ outw>ds1 or into ano!r ,room1 :i* op5 & %ut z !re is occasion = mak+ & m5d+ ! ,fire3 x w>ms a ,room all ov] 9 a v little ,"t1 ) little ,fuel to make a ,fire2 no fre% ,air c ent] ! ,room if ! ,door be left op51 no m ?an x w\ld 9 an op5 ,ov51 because !re is n ! lea/ ,dis*>ge ( ,air 9 ! ,room4 ,b !re is n any ,appe>ance ( ,fire to be se5 9 ^! ,/oves1 & !y :o us$ !m 7 oblig$ to brea! ! same un*ang$ elem5tal ,air1 mix$ ) t inspir$ by all ! ,company4 ,,f\r?ly1 ! ,*imney1 9 ! ,h\se ( ,lords1 :i* 0 design$ by way ( an ,improvem5t ^u ! ,sieur ,gaug]'s ,*imnies4 ,,= ,fir/1 ! outw>d ,air1 f bel[ ! ,h\se1 9 ! ,passage1 ent]s "u ! ,iron ,plate1 7commonly call$ ! ,he>?-,plate7 :i* is prep>$ to receive x into a re-curv$ ,canal1 & f !nce passes up ! back ,plate ( ,iron1 9 ! l ,turn+s & ,w9d+s1 ne> to ! ,top1 :]e x is divid$1 & ent]s into two ,tubes ( ,copp]1 "o plac$ on ea* side ( ! ,funnel1 ( a suffici5t ,l5g? to appe> above ! ,corni%2 !re !y are jo9$ to o!r ,conveyances2 "o ( :i* is c>ri$ r\nd ! ,?rone1 & ends ov]-aga9/ ! ,fire2 & ! o!r ,conveyance is cont9u$ to ! ,w9d[1 above ! ,corni%1 made ( ,t91 9 =m ( a "r-angl$ ,triangle1 & is p]=at$ to let out ! ,air4 ,!re is likewise a ,valve 9 ea* ( ^! ,copp] ,pipes or ,tubes1 plac$ at a consid]able di/ance f ! ,fire1 to op5 & %ut at pleasure1 by a ,?umb-,lat*1 :i* be+ %ut1 imprisons ! ,air 9 its ,passage upw>ds1 until x be hot1 & :5 op5$1 dis*>ges ?is w>m$ ,air ne> ! ,ciel+1 ?r\gh ^? p]=at$ ,conveyances4 ,,accord+ to ! ,con/ruction ( ?is ,fire-,place1 x is next to an ,impossibility to w>m t ,h\se ) ! greate/ ,fire t c be made 9 x3 ,= all ! upright ,heat is lo/1 occasion$ by ! cont9ual ,curr5t ( ,air com+ 9 at ! ,doors & ,crevices1 :i* =cibly drives almo/ all ! ,heat up ! ,*imney4 ,secondly1 ,,! ,/reams ( cold ,air :i* ent]s "u ! ,he>? & ,back ,plates1 7:]e a l>ge ,/ove-,grate /&s7 9 its v>i\s ,turn+s & ,w9d+s1 beh9d ^! ,plates1 & ?r\gh ^? ,tubes1 is b v little w>m$ 9 its ,passage above ! ,fire 9 ! ,conveyances to ! ,ciel+2 & x _c receive any ,heat f ! ,he>?-,plate1 unless ! ,fire 0 made ^u x1 z m5tion$ be=e2 = ! bottom ,b>s ( ! ,/ove-,grate are at s great a di/ance f ! ,iron ,he>?-,plate1 t ! ,fire1 ) its d[nw>d ,heat1 _c rea* x2 & n above ,eight sup]ficial ,feet ( ! ,back-,plate is w>m$ by ! ,fire1 & consid]+ ! di/ance f ! hot "p1 to :]e ! w>m ,air is dis*>g$ into ! ,h\se1 no?+ is cle>]1 ?an t x _c receive any consid]able degree ( ,heat1 9 its ,passage ?r\gh ! ,copp] ,pipes1 t convey x to ! ,ciel+2 & :]e x is susp5d$1 & mixes sl[ly & imp]ceptibly ) ! cold] ,air 9 ! l[] "p ( ! ,h\se1 s t little or no ,w>m? c be obta9$ by ?is ,conveyance4 ,?irdly1 ,,f h5ce x appe>s1 t x w\ld h be5 ( mu* great] ,use to h dis*>g$ ! hot ,air imm$iately f ! hot ,iron ,back-,plate into ! ,room2 its ,effects 9 t ,case w\ld h be5 s5sibly felt1 & x w\ld !n h asc5d$ naturally1 )\t ! help ( ,pipes1 & w>m$ ! circumambi5t ,air z 0 int5d$2 & likewise w\ld h support$ ! ,fire1 )\t ! ,assi/ance ( any ,air f ! ,doors & ,crevices4 ,,fif?ly1 ,/oves1 plac$ at ! ,end ( long ,rooms1 ,c(fee-,h\ses1 & ,tradesm5's ,%ops1 w>m ! ,room 9 a little ,"t2 b ! ,smoke & upright ,heat are bo? convey$ ?ro' "o & ! same ,tube ( ,iron1 jo9t$ 9 sev]al ,pieces1 to br+ !m r\nd ! ,wall & ,turn+s ( ! ,*imney1 :]e !y are dis*>g$3 b nev] fail to s5d out "s "p ( ! ,air impregnat$ ) ,sulphur1 s z to occasion a disagreeable ,smell1 & (t51 ,head-a*s & ,l[ness ( ,spirits to ^? t are n accu/om$ to ^! ,/oves4 ,,six?ly1 ,! ,fr5* ,/oves are mu* ! same z ! ,dut*2 & ,i am in=m$1 t !y h _m f ,holl& & ,g]many2 b !y h ano!r ,sort1 :i* is ! ,mode at pres5t2 x resembles an old-fa%ion'd l[ ,*e/ ( ,draw]s ) a flat ,top1 & has swell+ or ris+ ,m\ld+s on all ,sides1 :i* repres5t ! ,draw]s3 ,x is compos$ ( sev]al ,pieces ( burnt ,e>?1 9 ! mann] ( our ,e>!n ,w>e1 & is plac$ ^u a ,frame ( ,iron at ,bottom1 & all ! ,p>ts are lut$ toge!r to complete ! ,body3 ,x is likewise b\nd ab\t ) two ,iron ,belts to keep all tight1 & has a little ,door at "o ,end l a ,dut* ,/ove1 :]e ! ,fire is put into x2 x projects into ! ,room "s di/ance f ! ,*imney1 & gives ,heat f ! f\r ,sides z well z ! ,top2 ,!re is a ,flue proce$s f ! back ,"p1 & an ,iron ,pipe fix$ ^u x1 to rea* ! ,*imney2 :i* c>ries ! ,smoke up ! ,funnel1 & ! ,*imney is clos$ up all r\nd ! ,iron ,pipe2 x is on ! same ,pr9ciples z ! ,dut* ,/ove1 & is subject to _m m ,inconv5i5ces1 :i* are n necess>y to be m5tion$4 ,,sev5?ly1 ,! ,p5silvanian ,/ove-,grate comes la/ly to be consid]$1 :i* is a curi\s ,inv5tion inde$1 contriv$ ab\t ,twelve or ,f\rte5 ,ye>s ago1 & p>ticul>ly describ$ by ,mr4 ,frankl9 ( ,philadelphia1 9 a ,treatise intitl$1 ,an ,acc\nt ( ! ,new-,inv5t$ ,p5silvanian ,fire-,places1 pr9t$ at ,philadelphia 9 #agdd4 ,i h lately exam9$ "o t 0 made 9 t ,c\ntry1 all ( ca/ ,iron1 :i* ,i believe to be ! only "o 9 ,engl&2 & at ! same "t ,i saw a p]fect ,model ( x1 :i* discov]$ ! :ole ,"w at "o ,view4 ,,?is ,/ove-,grate mu/ infallibly cure mo/ ( ! ,inconv5i5ces1 ) :i* ! o!r sorts be=e-m5tion$ are att5d$1 if ! ,smoke ,passages c be kept clean4 ,y h a full ,sight ( ! ,fire1 nor does x lose any ( ! upright ,heat1 z 9 common ,fire-,places1 & smoky ,*imnies w be (t5 cur$ by x4 ,?is ,/ove has likewise ! ,advantage ( a con/ant ,supply ( fre% ,air1 com+ 9 w>m ?r\gh a ,canal1 9 ! ,mann] be=e describ$ by ,dr4 ,desaguli]s1 ) ?is diff]5ce1 t "h ! w>m ,air comes out on ea* ,side ( ! ,/ove1 & is bett] adapt$ to w>m ! l[] ,air ( ! ,room1 ?an if x came out high] 9 ! ,*imney4 ,,9 ?is ,ma*9e ! ,smoke fir/ asc5ds1 & !n pass+ ov] ! ,iron ,plates t compose ! w>m ,air ,box1 desc5ds to ! ,bottom1 :]e x passes "u a false ,back1 ab\t ?ree or f\r ,in*es f ! true ,back ( ! ,*imney2 !n asc5ds a second "t up ! ,funnel ( ! ,*imney1 & passes out at ! ,top4 ,! ,*imney is clos$ up on all ,sides1 betwe5 ! false ,back & ,brea/ ( ! ,*imney1 except only 9 "o ,place1 :]e is an ,op5+1 ) an ,iron ,door1 l>ge en\gh = a ,*imney-,sweep] to creep ?r\gh1 to sweep ! ,funnel2 b at all o!r times ?is ,door is kept %ut4 ,!re is also a ,regi/] fix$ 9 ! ,smoke-,passage1 to give m or less ,v5t1 z %all be requir$4 ,,! :ole is a compleat ,piece ( ,ma*9]y1 & 0 fir/ int5d$ = burn+ ( ,wood1 :i* is ! common ,fuel ( t ,c\ntry2 b1 = t ,reason1 is n s well adapt$ to burn ,sea-,coal1 ^: bitum9\s ,quality w\ld soon close up ! n>r[ ,smoke-,passage1 & w\ld (t5 require clean+1 & become v tr\blesome1 x be+ difficult to come at ! ,smoke-,passage2 = if !re be a ,trap-,door made ^u ! ,he>?1 y _c clean ! ,smoke-,passage any f>!r ?an to ! ,regi/]1 & !re is no com+ at ! upp] "p )\t lift+ up ! ,top ( ! ,ma*9e1 :i* is always lut$ d[n1 & fa/5$ ) ,screw ,nuts4 ,,! ,defects & ,inconv5i5ces t ,i h occasionally po9t$ out1 9 ! ,*imneys & ,/oves already describ$1 put me ^u contriv+ a new ,ma*9e-,grate1 :i*1 ^u ,trial1 answ]s all ! ,ends t ,i propos$ by x4 ,,x is built1 inde$1 & con/ruct$ ^u almo/ ! same ,pr9ciples ) ! ,p5silvanian ,/ove1 b ) great] ,advantages2 = in/ead ( ! n>r[ ,passage = ! ,smoke 9 ! ,p5silvanian ,/ove1 !re is a ,*amb] made 9 ! ,brick-,"w :i* effectually w>ms ! ,air-,box1 & is all cov]$ ov] l an ,ov51 except a n>r[ ,passage made ( ,plate-,iron1 ) a ,regi/] 9 x1 :i* has a ,h&le into ! ,room1 & may be turn$ ^u its ,axis to su* a ,degree ( ,v5t1 z ei!r to support or dim9i%1 or ev5 to ext+ui% ! ,fire4 ,! ,regi/] is s contriv$1 t x w probably want no clean+ 9 two or ?ree ,ye>s2 b if x %\ld1 by lift+ up ! ,*imney-,sweep]'s ,door1 x is done 9 "o ,m9ute2 & is equally adapt$ to burn ,coals or ,wood1 ) m ,safety & ,ease ?an 9 a common ,fire-,place4 ,! ,*amb] beh9d ! ,/ove is clean$ :5 ! ,*imney is swept1 by tak+ out a ,piece ( conceal$ ,iron1 rabit$ into ! ,brick-,"w at ! ,side ( ! ,/ove1 & always :it5'd ov] ) ! ,brick ,back4 ,! ,*amb] beh9d is ( great] ,use ?an w>m+ ! ,air ,box2 = be+ almo/ all clos$ up1 x is n only ,pro( aga9/ ! ,influ5ce ( ! ,h\ses & ,*imnies ab\t x t /& high]1 b ev5 aga9/ ,eddy1 or ,:irl-w9ds1 if !y %\ld come d[n ! ,*imney2 ! ,=ce :]e( is broke by ! ,top ( ! ,*amb]2 & :at comes ?r\gh ! small ,op5+ :]e ! ,regi/] is plac$1 is imm$iately exp&$ & loses its ,=ce4 ,,! :ole ( my ,ma*9e is less complex1 & ( m easy ,con/ruction ?an any o!rs ,i h m5tion$1 & :i* is all ,i h ev] se5 or he>d (2 b has ,advantages besides t1 :i* no =m] ,inv5tion c pret5d to4 ,fir/1 ,,x w>ms ! ,room equally all ov]1 & ! ,fire appe>s ! same z 9 a common ,/ove-,grate2 yet any ,place 9 ! ,room w be z w>m z t by ! ,side ( ! ,fire4 ,,= ?is !re is occul> ,demon/ration1 because ,!rmomet]s plac$ 9 ! remote/ ,p>ts ( ! ,room w n diff] above "o ,degree1 7a ,diff]5ce :i* e body kn[s has sc>ce any ,effect7 f "o plac$ by ! ,side ( ! ,*imney4 ,secondly1 ,,! ,*imney is s intirely clos$ up1 t if y sit ne> ! ,fire-,place1 !re is n ! lea/ cold ,air f ! ,door1 ,w9d[1 or any ,crevice1 t c (f5d y1 z 9 common ,fire-,places2 :]e1 at ! same "t t y are burnt be=e1 y are ready to freeze beh9d3 b1 on ! contr>y1 ! w>m ,air "h goes out at ! ,door :5 op5$1 & w make y s5sible ( its ,approa* at ,f\r or ,five ,feet di/ance be=e y ent] ! ,door4 ,,! ,doors1 inde$1 ought to be kept %ut2 because o!rwise ! w>m ,air w be wa/$1 z ) common ,fires2 b !re is no mann] ( ,occasion = ,skre5s ( any sort1 because ! ,fire _c hurt ! ,face2 nei!r c ! cold ,air (f5d ! ,back1 z 9 common ,rooms1 :]e !re is a common ,/ove-,grate1 & a l>ge ,draught up ! ,*imney4 ,?irdly1 ,,to be soon & agreeably w>m$1 is n ! only ,advantage we h f ?is ,inv5tion2 b we are bett] w>m$1 at less ?an "o ,?ird ( ! usual ,exp5ce1 at a mod]ate ,computation4 ,:5 ! ,m]cury 9 my ,!rmomet]1 t 0 plac$ )\t ,doors1 /ood ! la/ ,w9t] at ,f\r ,degrees bel[ ! ,freez+ ,po9t1 a ,peck ( ,coals 7i4 e4 ! #add? ,"p ( a ,*aldron17 0 suffici5t to w>m ! ,room = ! :ole ,day1 f ,eight 9 ! ,morn+ to ,elev5 at ,night4 ,dur+ all t ,"t ! ,m]cury )9 ! ,room /ood f #fj to #fd ,degrees2 mu* ! same ,degree ( ,heat ) t ( ! #be? ,day ( la/ ,june1 #ageb1 at ,two o',clock 9 ! ,aft]noon2 &1 :5 t ,obs]vation 0 made1 ! ,wea!r 0 z w>m z usual at t ,"t ( ! ,ye>4 ,,b be=e ,i set up ?is ,/ove1 :i* is "o ( ! smalle/1 !re 0 seldom sp5t1 9 ! ,room1 less ?an a ,bu%el ( ,coals1 & sometimes m1 9 "o ,day1 accord+ to ! ,degree ( ,cold2 & !n we 7 oblig$ to h a ,skre5 to keep (f ! cold ,air f ! ,backs ( ^? :o sat ne> ! ,fire2 & only t ,"p ( ! ,room 0 w>m :i* 0 ne>e/ ! ,fire4 ,,! ,air t ent]s ! ,room1 ?r\gh ! ,iron ,canal ( ! ,air-,box1 is bo? fre% & w>m2 & comput+ ! ,swiftness ( its ,motion ) ! ,area ( its ,passage1 x w appe>1 t ,t5 ,b>rels1 or ne> #fj ,cubic ,feet ( ,air is h\rly introduc$ f ! ext]nal ,air1 if ! ,door ( ! ,room be %ut4 ,,?is w>m ,air comes into ! ,room ) su* ,rapidity f ! hot ,iron ,canal1 t x turns sev]al ,pap] ,:eels ) great ,velocity1 :i* are plac$ ne> ! ,op5+ t lets x into ! ,room4 ,b z soon z ! ,door ( ! ,room is op5$1 all ! ,:eels /& /ill2 :i* proves :at has be5 said be=e1 ,t mu* w>m ,air is wa/$ 9 op5+ ! ,door2 because ! w>m1 or r>ifi$ ,air1 ru%es ?r\gh ! cold ,air ) great ,=ce3 ,& ! cold ,air t comes 9 at ! ,door1 be+ an ov]-balance to ! ,air ent]+ f ! hot ,iron ,canal ( ! ,/ove1 entirely /ops x f com+ into ! ,room :ile ! ,door is op54 ,,9 l mann]1 if ! ,door ( ! ,room be %ut1 & ! ,regi/] t is fix$ 9 ! ,smoke-,passage be turn$ s ne> z almo/ to %ut x up1 :i* may be done :5 ! ,coals ^u ! ,fire are burnt to a ,coke1 !n ! :ole ,heat ( ! ,fire w be =c$ into ! ,room1 ! w>m ,air w be /opt f com+ ?r\gh ! hot ,canal1 & ! ,pap] ,:eels w /& /ill1 z !y did :5 ! ,door ( ! ,room 0 op54 ,,?is may seem a little unacc\ntable1 b1 :5 consid]$1 x is pla91 t ! w>m ,air f ! hot ,canal _c come into ! ,room1 :i* is already full ( ,air1 & 9 a p]fect ,/ate ( ,re/1 because !re is no ,passage = x to g out at2 ! ,regi/] hav+ clos$ up ! ,funnel1 & ! ,doors & ,w9d[s ( ! ,room be+ %ut4 ,,! ,room1 9 ?is ,case1 w soon become suffocat+1 9 ! mann] ( a ,g]man ,/ove ,room1 & does exactly po9t out ! ,diff]5ce betwe5 t ,/ove & m9e4 ,,:]eas1 on ! contr>y1 :5 ! ,doors ( ! ,room are %ut1 & ! ,regi/] gives a prop] ,v5t to ! ,fire1 ! w>m ,air1 9 ?is ,case1 is at ,lib]ty to act z be=e1 by w>m+ ! circumambi5t ,air 9 its ,passage f ! ,mantle-,piece to ! ,ciel+1 :]e x mixes sl[ly & imp]ceptibly ) ! gross] ,air ( ! ,room1 :i*1 9 its turn1 fl[s t[>ds ! ,/ove & ,fire2 "p :]e( fe$s ! ,fire1 & passes (f ) ! ,smoke2 & ! o!r "p1 aft] be+ r>ifi$ by ! ,heat ( ! ,/ove & ,fire1 asc5ds by ! ,mantle-piece to ! ,ciel+1 z x did be=e2 repeat+ ! l ,circulation z long z !re is any ,heat 9 ! ,/ove4 ,by :i* x appe>s1 t ! w>m ,air t comes f ! hot ,iron ,canal ( ! heat$ ,air-,box1 is suffici5t to support ! ,fire1 & c>ry (f ! ,smoke1 )\t ! ,assi/ance ( any ,air f ! ,crevices ( ! ,doors & ,w9d[s ( ! ,room4 ,,by ?is ,means1 ! ,air 9 ! ,room is cont9ually *ang$1 & an ,advantage ga9$ t c\ld nev] be obta9$ by any =m] ,contrivance ( ! ,k9d2 t at all ,times ! ,air 9 ! ,room is z :olesome z ! ext]nal ,air2 &1 9 "s ,respects1 m s3 ,= x is app>5t1 t ! ,air issu+ into ! ,room ?r\gh a hot ,canal ( ,iron1 c nev] acquire any noxi\s ,quality2 &1 on ! contr>y1 9 damp ,wea!r1 :5 ! ,air is replete ) ,moi/ure1 & noxi\s ,p>ticles1 x w be purifi$ 9 its ,passage1 & ! ,moi/ure & ,vap\rs w be cond5s$1 fall1 & /ick ^u ! ,sides ( ! hot ,canal4 ,,^u ?is1 z well z o!r ,acc\nts1 ?is ,/ove w be extremely useful 9 ,hospitals1 & ! ,rooms ( sick ,p]sons1 ) great ,advantage to ! ,pati5ts3 ,b ?is ,i submit to ^? :o are bett] qualifi$ to judge ( su* ,matt]s4 ,f\r?ly1 ,,9 ,common ,/oves & ,*imnies1 ! upright ,heat 7:i* has be5 comput$ to be ,?ree ,f\r?s ( ! :ole7 is intirely lo/1 z to ! ,purpose ( w>m+ ! ,room1 or ^? t are 9 x4 ,on ! contr>y1 9 ?is ,/ove-,grate1 a v inconsid]able "p ( ! ,heat asc5ds ) ! ,smoke1 & all ! re/ is diffus$ gradually1 & equally1 ov] ! :ole ,room4 ,fif?ly1 ,,?is ,fire-,place1 ?us prep>$1 prev5ts ,smoke s effectually1 & s c]ta9ly1 9 all ,degrees & ,v>iations ( ,w9d & ,wea!r1 t ! ,inv5tor is will+ to give 8 ,ma*9e1 ,gratis1 if ev] ! lea/ ,smoke is p]ceiv$ 9 any ,room :]e x is erect$2 unless x may happ5 at ! fir/ light+ ( ! ,fire1 be=e ! ,air 9 ! ,funnel is put 9 ,motion2 b ,i h nev] yet se5 t happ54 ,,!re is no ,occasion = ,*imney-,bo>ds 9 ,summ]1 = by turn+ ! ,regi/]1 ! ,air is %ut out2 s t bo? 9 ,summ] & ,w9t]1 ! ,furniture & ,gild+1 is pres]v$ f ,smoke & damp ,air2 :i* are ! *ief ,causes ( ! "o & ! o!r's be+ spoil$4 ,six?ly1 ,,x w be obvi\s to e ,p]son1 :o exam9es ! ,con/ruction ( ?is ,ma*9e1 t ! ,*imney w n require sweep+ 9 less ?an two or ?ree ,ye>s2 & t x is morally impossible ! ,*imney c ev] take ,fire4 ,sev5?ly1 ,,x has be5 already obs]v$1 t no "p ( ! curr5t ( ,air1 t passes cont9ually ?r\gh ! ,fire1 is suppli$ f ! ,doors1 ,w9d[s1 or ,crevices ( ! ,room3 ,= ! same ,reason1 ! ,c&les1 9 all sorts ( ,wea!r1 w burn cle>2 ! ,light w be pleasant1 equal1 & /eady2 & !re w be a consid]able ,sav+ 9 t ,article4 ,eigh?ly1 ,,:5 ! ,room is ?or\ghly w>m$ 9 ! ,day-"t1 x w cool b a few ,degrees dur+ ! ,night2 & by %utt+ up ! ,fire-,place ov] ,night1 & exclud+ ! ext]nal ,air1 ! ,fire w be f\nd 9 ! ,morn+ )\t any s5sible ,dim9ution1 ready to blaze out1 by ! ,addition ( a ,/ick ( ,wood1 or a few ,coals2 :i* e body kn[s is an ,advantage1 t nev] c\ld be obta9$ 9 common ,*imnies1 ) a ,coal ,fire1 )\t a great ,exp5ce1 & mu* ,dang]4 ,,^!1 & _m o!r ,advantages1 t w\ld be t$i\s to enum]ate at pres5t1 w be f\nd to result f ?is useful ,inv5tion4 ,sev]al ( ! ,/ove-,grates are already set up2 & ,ord]s giv5 = ! erect+ o!rs 9 _m ,h\ses 9 ,london & ! ,c\ntry4 ,,"s are ( ,ca/ ,iron1 9 its pla91 natural ,col\r2 & o!rs h a ,case1 ri*ly ornam5t$1 t is put on1 & tak5 (f1 at ,pleasure4 ,! ,inv5tor hopes he %all be p]mitt$ to publi% ! ,names & ,places ( ,abode1 ( ^? ,noblem5 & ,g5tlem51 :o h enc\rag$ ?is und]tak+4 ,,by ?is ,me?od x w be 9 ! ,p[] ( ^? :o incl9e to become ,pur*as]s1 to in=m !mselves ( ! ,tru? ( e ,p>ticul>1 by ,p]sons ( und\bt$ ,cr$it & ,v]acity2 & to "k1 ) ,c]ta9ty1 :at !y are to expect1 )\t lay+ out _! ,money1 ^u :at !y might suppose1 an unexp]im5t$ ,project2 ! ,success :]e( might o!rwise be unc]ta94 ,,!re are ,?ree ,sizes ( ^! ,/ove-,grates1 adapt$ to ! ,dim5sions ( ! ,rooms :]e !y are set up4 ,!y are all made ( ,ca/ ,iron1 :i* w endure long]1 & come mu* *eap]1 ?an if !y 7 made ( wr\ght ,iron4 ,ft4 ,94 ,pts4 ,! smalle/ ,high #b #c #j ,size1 ,price ,broad 9 ,front #a #e #j ov] all #gl4 #gs4 set up ,dep? f ,front to #a #j #j ,back ,! ,space t conta9s ! ,fire )9 ?is ,/ove1 ,broad 9 ,front #a #c #j ,dep? ( ! ,b>s #j #e #f ,f ,front to ,back #j #e #f ,middle ,size1 ,high #b #d #f ,pr4 #ajl4 #ajl4 ,broad 9 ,front #a #i #j ov] all set up ,dep? f ,front to #a #j #j ,back ,! ,space t conta9s ! ,fire )9 ?is ,/ove1 ,broad 9 ,front #a #g #f ,dep? ( ! ,b>s #j #h #j ,f ,front to ,back #j #h #j ,l>ge/ ,size1 ,high #b #aj #j ,pr4 #acl4 #acl4 ,broad 9 ,front #j #b #d ov] all set up ,dep? f ,front to #a #d #f ,back ,! ,space t conta9s ! ,fire )9 ?is ,/ove1 ,broad 9 ,front #b #c #j ,dep? ( ! ,b>s #j #aj #f ,f ,front to ,back #a #j #j ,i ,,f9d1 by my own ,exp]i5ce1 t ! smalle/ ,size ( ^! ,/oves1 w w>m a ,room ( ,twelve or ,f\rte5 ,foot ,squ>e1 or ! l>ge/ ,dress+ ,closet4 ,! ,middle-siz$ ,grate w w>m a ,room ( #bj ,feet #bf1 & #ab or #ad ,feet high4 ,! l>ge/ ,size w w>m a ,room ( #ej ,feet by #be1 & ab\t #bj or #bb ,feet high4 ,,z ,i h n advanc$ any ?+1 b :at ,i h prov$ f my own ,exp]i5ce1 ,i %all omit :at might be said f ! ,te/imony ( o!rs1 to ,"t1 & ! real ,m]it ( ! ,ma*9e2 :i*1 9 all ,respects1 w answ] = itself4 ,= ! ,beg9n+ ( ?is ,attempt 0 f\nd$ ^u ,!ory & ,me*anick ,pr9ciples1 support$ by ,obs]vation & ,exp]i5ce ( :at _h happ5$ be=e4 ,,b _h n ! same ,obs]vation & ,exp]i5ce1 likewise confirm$ ! ,use ( ?is1 & all ! ,advantages m5tion$1 ,i %\ld n h (f]$ x to ! ,publick4 ,j]myn-,/reet1 ,m>* #bb1 #agec4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,adv]tisem5t4 ,! ,inv5tor ( ?is ,/ove-,grate has contriv$ a ,/ove = a ,laundry1 :i* answ]s all ! ,ends desirable1 )\t any o!r ,fire1 & at "o ,?ird "p ( ! usual ,exp5ce t keeps a ,fire 9 ! common ,way4 ,x is moveable to any "p ( ! ,room2 & /&s on a bo>d$ ,floor ) ! greate/ ,safety4 ,x likewise may be plac$ 9 a ,room :]e !re is no ,*imney1 & w s]ve = ,air+ l>ge ,rooms1 f> pref]able to ! common ,brazi]s2 x w>ms a ,room soon]1 ) great] ,safety1 & mu* less ,exp5ce3 ,= ,half a ,bu%el ( ,coals w g f>!r ?an a ,bu%el ( ,*>coal 9 ! common ,way4 ,,f9is4 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcrib]'s ,notes3 ,punctuation has be5 made consi/5t4 ,v>iations 9 spell+ & hyph5ation 7 reta9$ z !y appe> 9 ! orig9al publication1 except t obvi\s typographical errors h be5 correct$4