,transcriber's ,notes3 ,text enclosed by underscores is in italics 7italics74 ,additional ,transcriber's ,notes are at the end4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a ,,description ,of a ,,new-,,invented ,stove-,grate1 ,,shewing ,,its ,,uses and ,,advantages ,,over ,,all ,,others2 ,both in ,point of ,,expence1 and every ,purpose of a ,,chamberfire4 ,,london3 ,printed by ,j4 ,,towers in ,piccadilly2 ,and published by the ,inventor1 ,j4 ,,durno1 and sold by him at his ,house in ,jermyn-,street2 ,r4 ,,davis1 the ,corner of ,sackville-,street1 ,piccadilly2 and ,m4 ,,cooper in ,paternoster-,row4 #agec4 ,price ,six-pence4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illustration ,a ,,description ,of a ,new-,invented ,,stove-,,grate4 ,the ,state of the ,weather in this ,island is so extremely variable and uncertain1 that the ,inhabitants are obliged to keep ,fires to sit by near ,eight ,months in the ,year4 ,,and ever since the ,duty laid upon ,coals1 the ,article of ,fire has been so very expensive in many ,parts of the ,kingdom1 particularly in this ,metropolis1 that it is to be hoped1 any ,attempt to make our ,rooms more warm and comfortable1 and that at a much less ,expence than usual2 always free from ,smoke1 and equally chearful as with the common ,fires2 will meet with the ,favour of the ,publick4 ,,these are some of the ,advantages proposed by a new-invented ,,stove-,,grate1 the ,description and ,uses whereof are contained in the following ,sheets4 ,,and surely1 if ever any ,invention1 discovered by a ,mechanick1 deserved the ,attention of the ,publick1 this may justly lay claim to it2 since not only every ,family1 but every ,individual1 is in some degree interested in it2 and more especially as it is not offered as uncertain ,theory1 but its ,uses and ,advantages1 over all others1 have been confirmed by ,trial and ,experience3 ,for one of the smallest ,size of these ,,stove-,,grates has been set up1 ever since the beginning of last ,winter1 in a common ,room at the ,inventor's ,house1 where several curious and ingenious ,persons have been to see and observe the ,effects of it2 and it has appeared to the ,satisfaction of the best ,judges1 that this same ,room1 built of common ,quartering1 and covered with ,laths and ,plaister1 ,feet4 ,inches4 ,long #bf 3 #f 3 #j ,broad #ac 3 #j 3 #j ,high #aj 3 #f 3 #j with a ,pair of large folding ,doors at one ,end1 and a ,door opening to the ,stair ,case at the other ,end1 in which four or five ,pecks of ,coals had usually been consumed every ,day in a common ,grate and ,chimney1 has been kept warm1 ever since the ,new ,stove was erected1 with no greater ,quantity than one ,peck of ,coals a ,day2 and with this singular ,advantage1 that the ,warmth is diffused1 more regularly and uniformly1 over the whole ,room1 than it was before4 ,,those who will take the ,trouble of calling1 will be able to form a more distinct ,idea of the ,construction and ,use of this ,machine1 than can be conveyed by ,writing3 ,but as many ,people have neither the ,curiosity or ,opportunity for occular ,inspection1 ,i shall give a particular ,description of it1 as well as of all the other ,machines1 that have been contrived for the like ,purposes2 and it will appear1 by a fair and impartial ,comparison1 that this is attended with greater ,advantages1 and fewer ,inconveniences1 than any that has ever yet been offered to the ,publick4 ,,but1 for the better understanding of what follows1 it will be necessary to explain some of the ,properties of ,air and ,fire4 ,,the chief ,properties of ,air1 are ,fluidity1 ,gravity1 and ,elasticity4 ,first1 ,,the ,air is a ,fluid1 consisting of ,parts which have not any sensible ,attraction or ,cohesion betwixt themselves2 but of such a ,shape or ,form1 as to glide one over another1 and yield to the slightest ,impression3 ,of this we need no other ,proof1 than the ,ease and ,freedom with which ,animals breathe this ,element1 and pass through it1 without any sensible ,resistance4 ,secondly1 ,,that the ,air does gravitate1 or act upon inferior ,bodies by its ,weight1 is demonstrable by a great many ,experiments1 and particularly the ,barometer1 which by the rising and falling of the ,mercury1 shews the greater or lesser ,weight of the ,column of ,air incumbent upon it4 ,thirdly1 ,,nor is the ,elasticity of the ,air less demonstrable than either its ,fluidity or ,gravity4 ,,air is an elastick ,body1 for if it be confined or compressed within a less ,space than its natural ,state requires1 it will1 the ,moment the ,restraint is removed1 dilate and expand itself so as to fill the same ,space as before2 and that too with such ,force1 as to break in ,pieces the ,glass or ,earthen ,vessel that contained it2 as may be seen by the common ,experiment of a ,bottle full of common ,air1 strongly cork'd1 and put under the ,receiver on the ,air-,pump1 when the ,air surrounding the ,bottle is pump'd out4 ,but what is particularly remarkable with reference to the ,subject we are treating of1 is1 ,that ,air is rarified by ,heat1 and condensed by ,cold2 ,first1 ,air rarified and expanded by ,heat1 becomes specifically lighter than it was before1 and will ascend in ,air of greater ,density3 ,as ,matter specifically lighter than ,water1 ,cork for ,instance1 if placed at the bottom of an empty ,vessel1 will1 if ,water be poured into the ,vessel1 ascend above the ,surface of the ,water2 so rarified ,air will rise in common ,air till it comes to ,air of equal ,weight1 or is by ,cold reduced to its former ,density4 ,,for the same ,reason1 if a ,fire be kindled in an open ,place1 the ,heat thereof will rarify the next circumambient ,air2 and that which is more remote being heavier1 will press every where1 and in all ,directions1 upon the ,air that is rarified1 and drive it to the ,fire2 the ,flame and ,sparks whereof will1 together with the rarified ,air1 ascend in a conic ,form1 like the ,flame of a ,candle1 in a trembling ,motion1 as it is more or less acted upon by the ,pressure of the cold ,air3 ,and the ,reason why the ,flame is more contracted at the ,top than ,bottom1 is1 that the ,heat at ,top being less intense1 the next adjacent ,air is less rarified1 and the gross ,air confines it more4 ,,therefore1 when a ,fire is lighted in a ,chimney1 the ,heat rarifies the ,air over and next the ,fire1 and makes it rise in the ,funnel1 and the common ,air in the ,room immediately supplies its ,place1 is rarified in its turn1 and rises also4 ,,this ,motion being thus generated1 is continued by small ,inlets of ,air1 through the ,doors and ,windows of the ,room2 and the larger the ,fire1 the greater will be the current of ,air through their ,crevices4 ,if the ,doors and ,windows are so well fitted in their ,frames1 that all the ,inlets together cannot supply so much ,air as is wanted to carry off the ,smoke1 it will then hang about the ,fire1 gradually diminish1 and at length totally extinguish it4 ,,various are the ,improvements that have been made in the ,construction of ,chimneys1 to increase the ,degree of ,heat1 to prevent ,smoke1 and to save in the ,article of ,fuel4 ,,and notwithstanding the many ,attempts to remedy the ,defects in one or other of these ,respects1 the same have hitherto come short of the ,end proposed4 ,take the ,article of ,smoke for ,instance3 ,no ,builder of ,character will pretend to insure all the ,rooms in a new-built ,house from smoking1 appears from this1 that they generally at first finish the ,chimney ,tops with what they call ,roundings1 and if1 upon ,trial1 those do not answer1 they either ,hovel1 or fix ,earthen ,pots1 like a hollow ,cylinder1 or plant ,tin ,tubes on the ,tops1 not much unlike ,organ-,pipes inverted2 all which ,methods1 not only spoil the ,symmetry of the ,building1 but what is still worse1 they often leave the ,chimnies as ,smoky as they were at first1 after a considerable ,sum has been spent on a ,cure4 ,,in order to remedy all1 or some of the ,inconveniences already mentioned1 a great ,variety of ,chimnies1 ,stove-,grates1 and ,close-,stoves have been invented4 ,i shall describe some of the principal ones that have fallen under my ,observation2 and shall endeavour1 as ,i go along1 to point out their ,advantages and ,defects4 ,,first1 ,mons4 ,gauger has described seven sorts of ,chimnies1 which1 however1 all agree in general as to the ,construction and ,disposition of the principal ,parts4 ,,his ,manner of ,performance is by ,plates of ,iron1 ,copper1 and ,brass1 placed in the ,chimney1 after its being prepared to receive them1 at four ,inches from the ,back1 ,jambs1 and ,hearth1 with a ,communication to the external ,air2 which first entered under the ,hearth-,plate1 and made several ,turnings and ,windings1 through ,partitions between the inside of the ,chimney1 and those ,plates representing1 as it were1 a re-curved ,canal2 one ,end whereof joins the outward ,air1 and the other comes out of the ,top of one of the ,jambs of the ,chimney4 ,the ,use and ,intent of these ,chimnies is only for burning of ,wood1 the ,heat whereof is more diffused than that of ,turf or ,peat4 ,,the ,invention was extremely ingenious1 the ,room was warmed1 in all its ,parts1 with great ,equality2 cold ,air was prevented rushing through ,crevices2 the ,funnel was supplied by a ,trap-,door1 or ,bellows1 upon the ,hearth-,plate2 and much less ,wood served to make a ,fire3 but the ,expence was found to be so great1 especially in old ,chimnies1 that they never came into much use1 and are now entirely laid aside3 ,the upright ,heat was likewise all lost in all those ,chimnies4 ,,secondly1 the ingenious ,dr4 ,desaguliers gives the ,construction of two kinds of ,chimnies2 one for burning ,turf and ,peat upon the ,hearth1 and the other for ,sea-,coal in a ,stove-,grate1 made in a particular ,manner4 ,,in the ,description of the ,first1 he says1 ,that in ,chimnies where ,wood is burnt the ,cavities behind the ,back and ,sides1 after the ,manner that the ,french ,author directs1 are very useful2 but where you have the ,heat very strong1 it will be proper to make the ,cavities as near the ,fire as possible2 and tho' the ,course of the ,air will be shorter1 yet the great ,heat it acquires in that ,case will make ,amends for the ,shortness of the ,passage4 ,,the ,shape and ,manner of the ,chimney is the same as directed by ,mons4 ,gauger1 with this difference1 that the ,doctor's has no ,cavity under the ,hearth2 only a divided ,box made of ,plate-,iron1 upon which the ,fire is placed1 and an horizontal ,cavity behind the ,back1 faced with ,plate-,iron2 so low1 that the ,fire lies against it3 ,through this ,preparation comes a ,stream of external ,air1 in several ,turnings and ,windings1 and from thence is carried up a ,passage within the ,brick-,work in one of the ,corners1 as high as the ,mantle-,piece2 from the ,corner it is brought forward to the under side of the ,mantle-,piece1 where it makes several ,turnings in a ,tin ,canal1 from which it is at last convey'd into the ,room4 ,,he likewise recommends the ,trap-,bellows in this ,construction of ,stoves4 ,,the ,construction of the ,second ,sort consists of a ,grate of a particular ,make1 with a ,box of ,plate-,iron behind the ,back1 that has only three ,cavities2 one ,end communicates with the outward ,air to bring it through those ,cavities1 obliquely1 to the ,corner in the ,brick-,work2 from thence it is brought forward in the upper part of the ,jamb1 quite into the ,tin ,canal1 behind the ,mantle-,piece1 as in the last ,construction2 but the same ,inconvenience attends both these sort of ,chimnies1 that the upright ,heat1 which is at least three-fourths of what proceeds from the ,fire1 is almost wholly lost2 as it is in all the open ,fire-,places4 ,,thirdly1 the ,dutch and ,german ,stoves1 which are very different4 ,,the ,dutch ,stove has a ,flue proceeding from the ,top1 which is sometimes bent downwards1 and then goes into the ,chimney1 through a false ,back1 at about four ,inches from the true ,back3 ,that ,space has a ,communication with the ,funnel1 and all the other ,parts of the ,chimney are wholly closed up4 ,,and there are others which have the ,flue straight upward1 that goes into the ,chimney1 and all the ,funnel closed up round the ,flue of the ,stove4 ,the ,first ,sort1 in my ,opinion1 is the best2 for there is not so much of the upright ,heat lost as in this1 and the ,chimney cannot so readily smoke2 because the ,space between the false ,back and the true ,back obstruct1 in some degree1 the ,passage of the ,air down the ,chimney4 ,both these sorts have a small ,iron ,door into the ,room1 which in some degree changes the ,air as it flows to that ,opening2 part of which goes off with the ,smoke1 and its ,place is supplied by the entering ,air from ,doors1 ,windows1 and ,crevices4 ,but as there is so small a ,change of ,air1 the ,room will soon be warm1 the ,chimney being wholly closed up2 very little ,air is required to supply the small ,door of the ,stove1 and that only can enter at the ,door or ,windows of the ,room3 ,little ,fuel serves1 for almost all the ,heat is saved4 ,this small change of ,air makes these ,stoves wholesomer1 or at least pleasanter1 than the ,german ,stoves1 but there is little sight of the ,fire2 and no other ,use can be made of it but to warm the ,room3 ,and if any ill ,smell should happen in the ,room1 it is not easily carried off1 by ,reason of the slow change of ,air at the little ,iron ,door2 and the ,room is always somewhat suffocating1 especially to those who are not accustomed to it4 ,,the ,german ,stove is not unlike a ,chest for ,cloaths set upon one ,end1 and is fixed into the ,wall1 with the ,top turned outwards1 or into another ,room1 which open and shut as there is occasion for making and mending the ,fire3 it warms a ,room all over in a very little ,time1 with little ,fuel to make a ,fire2 no fresh ,air can enter the ,room if the ,door be left open1 no more than it would in an open ,oven1 because there is not the least ,discharge of ,air in the ,room4 ,but there is not any ,appearance of ,fire to be seen in these ,stoves1 and they who used them were obliged to breathe the same unchanged elemental ,air1 mixed with that inspired by all the ,company4 ,,fourthly1 the ,chimney1 in the ,house of ,lords1 which was designed by way of an ,improvement upon the ,sieur ,gauger's ,chimnies4 ,,for ,first1 the outward ,air1 from below the ,house1 in the ,passage1 enters under the ,iron ,plate1 7commonly called the ,hearth-,plate7 which is prepared to receive it into a re-curved ,canal1 and from thence passes up the back ,plate of ,iron1 in the like ,turnings and ,windings1 near to the ,top1 where it is divided1 and enters into two ,tubes of ,copper1 one placed on each side of the ,funnel1 of a sufficient ,length to appear above the ,cornish2 there they are joined to other ,conveyances2 one of which is carried round the ,throne1 and ends over-against the ,fire2 and the other ,conveyance is continued to the ,window1 above the ,cornish1 made of ,tin1 in form of a right-angled ,triangle1 and is perforated to let out the ,air4 ,there is likewise a ,valve in each of these ,copper ,pipes or ,tubes1 placed at a considerable distance from the ,fire1 to open and shut at pleasure1 by a ,thumb-,latch1 which being shut1 imprisons the ,air in its ,passage upwards1 until it be hot1 and when opened1 discharges this warmed ,air near the ,cieling1 through those perforated ,conveyances4 ,,according to the ,construction of this ,fire-,place1 it is next to an ,impossibility to warm that ,house with the greatest ,fire that can be made in it3 ,for all the upright ,heat is lost1 occasioned by the continual ,current of ,air coming in at the ,doors and ,crevices1 which forcibly drives almost all the ,heat up the ,chimney4 ,secondly1 ,,the ,streams of cold ,air which enters under the ,hearth and ,back ,plates1 7where a large ,stove-,grate stands7 in its various ,turnings and ,windings1 behind these ,plates1 and through those ,tubes1 is but very little warmed in its ,passage above the ,fire in the ,conveyances to the ,cieling2 and it cannot receive any ,heat from the ,hearth-,plate1 unless the ,fire was made upon it1 as mentioned before2 for the bottom ,bars of the ,stove-,grate are at so great a distance from the ,iron ,hearth-,plate1 that the ,fire1 with its downward ,heat1 cannot reach it2 and not above ,eight superficial ,feet of the ,back-,plate is warmed by the ,fire1 and considering the distance from the hot part1 to where the warm ,air is discharged into the ,house1 nothing is clearer1 than that it cannot receive any considerable degree of ,heat1 in its ,passage through the ,copper ,pipes1 that convey it to the ,cieling2 and where it is suspended1 and mixes slowly and imperceptibly with the colder ,air in the lower part of the ,house1 so that little or no ,warmth can be obtained by this ,conveyance4 ,thirdly1 ,,from hence it appears1 that it would have been of much greater ,use to have discharged the hot ,air immediately from the hot ,iron ,back-,plate into the ,room2 its ,effects in that ,case would have been sensibly felt1 and it would then have ascended naturally1 without the help of ,pipes1 and warmed the circumambient ,air as was intended2 and likewise would have supported the ,fire1 without the ,assistance of any ,air from the ,doors and ,crevices4 ,,fifthly1 ,stoves1 placed at the ,end of long ,rooms1 ,coffee-,houses1 and ,tradesmen's ,shops1 warm the ,room in a little ,time2 but the ,smoke and upright ,heat are both conveyed thro' one and the same ,tube of ,iron1 jointed in several ,pieces1 to bring them round the ,wall and ,turnings of the ,chimney1 where they are discharged3 but never fail to send out some part of the ,air impregnated with ,sulphur1 so as to occasion a disagreeable ,smell1 and often1 ,head-achs and ,lowness of ,spirits to those that are not accustomed to these ,stoves4 ,,sixthly1 ,the ,french ,stoves are much the same as the ,dutch2 and ,i am informed1 that they have many from ,holland and ,germany2 but they have another ,sort1 which is the ,mode at present2 it resembles an old-fashion'd low ,chest of ,drawers with a flat ,top1 and has swelling or rising ,mouldings on all ,sides1 which represent the ,drawers3 ,it is composed of several ,pieces of burnt ,earth1 in the manner of our ,earthen ,ware1 and is placed upon a ,frame of ,iron at ,bottom1 and all the ,parts are luted together to complete the ,body3 ,it is likewise bound about with two ,iron ,belts to keep all tight1 and has a little ,door at one ,end like a ,dutch ,stove1 where the ,fire is put into it2 it projects into the ,room some distance from the ,chimney1 and gives ,heat from the four ,sides as well as the ,top2 ,there is a ,flue proceeds from the back ,part1 and an ,iron ,pipe fixed upon it1 to reach the ,chimney2 which carries the ,smoke up the ,funnel1 and the ,chimney is closed up all round the ,iron ,pipe2 it is on the same ,principles as the ,dutch ,stove1 and is subject to many more ,inconveniences1 which are not necessary to be mentioned4 ,,seventhly1 ,the ,pensilvanian ,stove-,grate comes lastly to be considered1 which is a curious ,invention indeed1 contrived about ,twelve or ,fourteen ,years ago1 and particularly described by ,mr4 ,franklin of ,philadelphia1 in a ,treatise intitled1 ,an ,account of the ,new-,invented ,pensilvanian ,fire-,places1 printed at ,philadelphia in #agdd4 ,i have lately examined one that was made in that ,country1 all of cast ,iron1 which ,i believe to be the only one in ,england2 and at the same time ,i saw a perfect ,model of it1 which discovered the whole ,work at one ,view4 ,,this ,stove-,grate must infallibly cure most of the ,inconveniences1 with which the other sorts before-mentioned are attended1 if the ,smoke ,passages can be kept clean4 ,you have a full ,sight of the ,fire1 nor does it lose any of the upright ,heat1 as in common ,fire-,places1 and smoky ,chimnies will be often cured by it4 ,this ,stove has likewise the ,advantage of a constant ,supply of fresh ,air1 coming in warm through a ,canal1 in the ,manner before described by ,dr4 ,desaguliers1 with this difference1 that here the warm ,air comes out on each ,side of the ,stove1 and is better adapted to warm the lower ,air of the ,room1 than if it came out higher in the ,chimney4 ,,in this ,machine the ,smoke first ascends1 and then passing over the ,iron ,plates that compose the warm ,air ,box1 descends to the ,bottom1 where it passes under a false ,back1 about three or four ,inches from the true ,back of the ,chimney2 then ascends a second time up the ,funnel of the ,chimney1 and passes out at the ,top4 ,the ,chimney is closed up on all ,sides1 between the false ,back and ,breast of the ,chimney1 except only in one ,place1 where is an ,opening1 with an ,iron ,door1 large enough for a ,chimney-,sweeper to creep through1 to sweep the ,funnel2 but at all other times this ,door is kept shut4 ,there is also a ,register fixed in the ,smoke-,passage1 to give more or less ,vent1 as shall be required4 ,,the whole is a compleat ,piece of ,machinery1 and was first intended for burning of ,wood1 which is the common ,fuel of that ,country2 but1 for that ,reason1 is not so well adapted to burn ,sea-,coal1 whose bituminous ,quality would soon close up the narrow ,smoke-,passage1 and would often require cleaning1 and become very troublesome1 it being difficult to come at the ,smoke-,passage2 for if there be a ,trap-,door made upon the ,hearth1 you cannot clean the ,smoke-,passage any farther than to the ,register1 and there is no coming at the upper part without lifting up the ,top of the ,machine1 which is always luted down1 and fastened with ,screw ,nuts4 ,,the ,defects and ,inconveniences that ,i have occasionally pointed out1 in the ,chimneys and ,stoves already described1 put me upon contriving a new ,machine-,grate1 which1 upon ,trial1 answers all the ,ends that ,i proposed by it4 ,,it is built1 indeed1 and constructed upon almost the same ,principles with the ,pensilvanian ,stove1 but with greater ,advantages2 for instead of the narrow ,passage for the ,smoke in the ,pensilvanian ,stove1 there is a ,chamber made in the ,brick-,work which effectually warms the ,air-,box1 and is all covered over like an ,oven1 except a narrow ,passage made of ,plate-,iron1 with a ,register in it1 which has a ,handle into the ,room1 and may be turned upon its ,axis to such a ,degree of ,vent1 as either to support or diminish1 or even to extinguish the ,fire4 ,the ,register is so contrived1 that it will probably want no cleaning in two or three ,years2 but if it should1 by lifting up the ,chimney-,sweeper's ,door1 it is done in one ,minute2 and is equally adapted to burn ,coals or ,wood1 with more ,safety and ,ease than in a common ,fire-,place4 ,the ,chamber behind the ,stove is cleaned when the ,chimney is swept1 by taking out a ,piece of concealed ,iron1 rabited into the ,brick-,work at the ,side of the ,stove1 and always whiten'd over with the ,brick ,back4 ,the ,chamber behind is of greater ,use than warming the ,air ,box2 for being almost all closed up1 it is not only ,proof against the ,influence of the ,houses and ,chimnies about it that stand higher1 but even against ,eddy1 or ,whirl-winds1 if they should come down the ,chimney2 the ,force whereof is broke by the ,top of the ,chamber2 and what comes through the small ,opening where the ,register is placed1 is immediately expanded and loses its ,force4 ,,the whole of my ,machine is less complex1 and of more easy ,construction than any others ,i have mentioned1 and which is all ,i have ever seen or heard of2 but has ,advantages besides that1 which no former ,invention can pretend to4 ,first1 ,,it warms the ,room equally all over1 and the ,fire appears the same as in a common ,stove-,grate2 yet any ,place in the ,room will be as warm as that by the ,side of the ,fire4 ,,for this there is occular ,demonstration1 because ,thermometers placed in the remotest ,parts of the ,room will not differ above one ,degree1 7a ,difference which every body knows has scarce any ,effect7 from one placed by the ,side of the ,chimney4 ,secondly1 ,,the ,chimney is so intirely closed up1 that if you sit near the ,fire-,place1 there is not the least cold ,air from the ,door1 ,window1 or any ,crevice1 that can offend you1 as in common ,fire-,places2 where1 at the same time that you are burnt before1 you are ready to freeze behind3 but1 on the contrary1 the warm ,air here goes out at the ,door when opened1 and will make you sensible of its ,approach at ,four or ,five ,feet distance before you enter the ,door4 ,,the ,doors1 indeed1 ought to be kept shut2 because otherwise the warm ,air will be wasted1 as with common ,fires2 but there is no manner of ,occasion for ,skreens of any sort1 because the ,fire cannot hurt the ,face2 neither can the cold ,air offend the ,back1 as in common ,rooms1 where there is a common ,stove-,grate1 and a large ,draught up the ,chimney4 ,thirdly1 ,,to be soon and agreeably warmed1 is not the only ,advantage we have from this ,invention2 but we are better warmed1 at less than one ,third of the usual ,expence1 at a moderate ,computation4 ,when the ,mercury in my ,thermometer1 that was placed without ,doors1 stood the last ,winter at ,four ,degrees below the ,freezing ,point1 a ,peck of ,coals 7i4 e4 the #addth ,part of a ,chaldron17 was sufficient to warm the ,room for the whole ,day1 from ,eight in the ,morning to ,eleven at ,night4 ,during all that ,time the ,mercury within the ,room stood from #fj to #fd ,degrees2 much the same ,degree of ,heat with that of the #beth ,day of last ,june1 #ageb1 at ,two o',clock in the ,afternoon2 and1 when that ,observation was made1 the ,weather was as warm as usual at that ,time of the ,year4 ,,but before ,i set up this ,stove1 which is one of the smallest1 there was seldom spent1 in the ,room1 less than a ,bushel of ,coals1 and sometimes more1 in one ,day1 according to the ,degree of ,cold2 and then we were obliged to have a ,skreen to keep off the cold ,air from the ,backs of those who sat near the ,fire2 and only that ,part of the ,room was warm which was nearest the ,fire4 ,,the ,air that enters the ,room1 through the ,iron ,canal of the ,air-,box1 is both fresh and warm2 and computing the ,swiftness of its ,motion with the ,area of its ,passage1 it will appear1 that ,ten ,barrels1 or near #fj ,cubic ,feet of ,air is hourly introduced from the external ,air1 if the ,door of the ,room be shut4 ,,this warm ,air comes into the ,room with such ,rapidity from the hot ,iron ,canal1 that it turns several ,paper ,wheels with great ,velocity1 which are placed near the ,opening that lets it into the ,room4 ,but as soon as the ,door of the ,room is opened1 all the ,wheels stand still2 which proves what has been said before1 ,that much warm ,air is wasted in opening the ,door2 because the warm1 or rarified ,air1 rushes through the cold ,air with great ,force3 ,and the cold ,air that comes in at the ,door1 being an over-balance to the ,air entering from the hot ,iron ,canal of the ,stove1 entirely stops it from coming into the ,room while the ,door is open4 ,,in like manner1 if the ,door of the ,room be shut1 and the ,register that is fixed in the ,smoke-,passage be turned so near as almost to shut it up1 which may be done when the ,coals upon the ,fire are burnt to a ,coke1 then the whole ,heat of the ,fire will be forced into the ,room1 the warm ,air will be stopt from coming through the hot ,canal1 and the ,paper ,wheels will stand still1 as they did when the ,door of the ,room was open4 ,,this may seem a little unaccountable1 but1 when considered1 it is plain1 that the warm ,air from the hot ,canal cannot come into the ,room1 which is already full of ,air1 and in a perfect ,state of ,rest1 because there is no ,passage for it to go out at2 the ,register having closed up the ,funnel1 and the ,doors and ,windows of the ,room being shut4 ,,the ,room1 in this ,case1 will soon become suffocating1 in the manner of a ,german ,stove ,room1 and does exactly point out the ,difference between that ,stove and mine4 ,,whereas1 on the contrary1 when the ,doors of the ,room are shut1 and the ,register gives a proper ,vent to the ,fire1 the warm ,air1 in this ,case1 is at ,liberty to act as before1 by warming the circumambient ,air in its ,passage from the ,mantle-,piece to the ,cieling1 where it mixes slowly and imperceptibly with the grosser ,air of the ,room1 which1 in its turn1 flows towards the ,stove and ,fire2 part whereof feeds the ,fire1 and passes off with the ,smoke2 and the other part1 after being rarified by the ,heat of the ,stove and ,fire1 ascends by the ,mantle-piece to the ,cieling1 as it did before2 repeating the like ,circulation as long as there is any ,heat in the ,stove4 ,by which it appears1 that the warm ,air that comes from the hot ,iron ,canal of the heated ,air-,box1 is sufficient to support the ,fire1 and carry off the ,smoke1 without the ,assistance of any ,air from the ,crevices of the ,doors and ,windows of the ,room4 ,,by this ,means1 the ,air in the ,room is continually changed1 and an ,advantage gained that could never be obtained by any former ,contrivance of the ,kind2 that at all ,times the ,air in the ,room is as wholesome as the external ,air2 and1 in some ,respects1 more so3 ,for it is apparent1 that the ,air issuing into the ,room through a hot ,canal of ,iron1 can never acquire any noxious ,quality2 and1 on the contrary1 in damp ,weather1 when the ,air is replete with ,moisture1 and noxious ,particles1 it will be purified in its ,passage1 and the ,moisture and ,vapours will be condensed1 fall1 and stick upon the ,sides of the hot ,canal4 ,,upon this1 as well as other ,accounts1 this ,stove will be extremely useful in ,hospitals1 and the ,rooms of sick ,persons1 with great ,advantage to the ,patients3 ,but this ,i submit to those who are better qualified to judge of such ,matters4 ,fourthly1 ,,in ,common ,stoves and ,chimnies1 the upright ,heat 7which has been computed to be ,three ,fourths of the whole7 is intirely lost1 as to the ,purpose of warming the ,room1 or those that are in it4 ,on the contrary1 in this ,stove-,grate1 a very inconsiderable part of the ,heat ascends with the ,smoke1 and all the rest is diffused gradually1 and equally1 over the whole ,room4 ,fifthly1 ,,this ,fire-,place1 thus prepared1 prevents ,smoke so effectually1 and so certainly1 in all ,degrees and ,variations of ,wind and ,weather1 that the ,inventor is willing to give his ,machine1 ,gratis1 if ever the least ,smoke is perceived in any ,room where it is erected2 unless it may happen at the first lighting of the ,fire1 before the ,air in the ,funnel is put in ,motion2 but ,i have never yet seen that happen4 ,,there is no ,occasion for ,chimney-,boards in ,summer1 for by turning the ,register1 the ,air is shut out2 so that both in ,summer and ,winter1 the ,furniture and ,gilding1 is preserved from ,smoke and damp ,air2 which are the chief ,causes of the one and the other's being spoiled4 ,sixthly1 ,,it will be obvious to every ,person1 who examines the ,construction of this ,machine1 that the ,chimney will not require sweeping in less than two or three ,years2 and that it is morally impossible the ,chimney can ever take ,fire4 ,seventhly1 ,,it has been already observed1 that no part of the current of ,air1 that passes continually through the ,fire1 is supplied from the ,doors1 ,windows1 or ,crevices of the ,room3 ,for the same ,reason1 the ,candles1 in all sorts of ,weather1 will burn clear2 the ,light will be pleasant1 equal1 and steady2 and there will be a considerable ,saving in that ,article4 ,eighthly1 ,,when the ,room is thoroughly warmed in the ,day-time1 it will cool but a few ,degrees during the ,night2 and by shutting up the ,fire-,place over ,night1 and excluding the external ,air1 the ,fire will be found in the ,morning without any sensible ,diminution1 ready to blaze out1 by the ,addition of a ,stick of ,wood1 or a few ,coals2 which every body knows is an ,advantage1 that never could be obtained in common ,chimnies1 with a ,coal ,fire1 without a great ,expence1 and much ,danger4 ,,these1 and many other ,advantages1 that would be tedious to enumerate at present1 will be found to result from this useful ,invention4 ,several of the ,stove-,grates are already set up2 and ,orders given for the erecting others in many ,houses in ,london and the ,country4 ,,some are of ,cast ,iron1 in its plain1 natural ,colour2 and others have a ,case1 richly ornamented1 that is put on1 and taken off1 at ,pleasure4 ,the ,inventor hopes he shall be permitted to publish the ,names and ,places of ,abode1 of those ,noblemen and ,gentlemen1 who have encouraged this undertaking4 ,,by this ,method it will be in the ,power of those who incline to become ,purchasers1 to inform themselves of the ,truth of every ,particular1 by ,persons of undoubted ,credit and ,veracity2 and to know1 with ,certainty1 what they are to expect1 without laying out their ,money1 upon what they might suppose1 an unexperimented ,project2 the ,success whereof might otherwise be uncertain4 ,,there are ,three ,sizes of these ,stove-,grates1 adapted to the ,dimensions of the ,rooms where they are set up4 ,they are all made of ,cast ,iron1 which will endure longer1 and come much cheaper1 than if they were made of wrought ,iron4 ,ft4 ,in4 ,pts4 ,the smallest ,high #b #c #j ,size1 ,price ,broad in ,front #a #e #j over all #gl4 #gs4 set up ,depth from ,front to #a #j #j ,back ,the ,space that contains the ,fire within this ,stove1 ,broad in ,front #a #c #j ,depth of the ,bars #j #e #f ,from ,front to ,back #j #e #f ,middle ,size1 ,high #b #d #f ,pr4 #ajl4 #ajl4 ,broad in ,front #a #i #j over all set up ,depth from ,front to #a #j #j ,back ,the ,space that contains the ,fire within this ,stove1 ,broad in ,front #a #g #f ,depth of the ,bars #j #h #j ,from ,front to ,back #j #h #j ,largest ,size1 ,high #b #aj #j ,pr4 #acl4 #acl4 ,broad in ,front #j #b #d over all set up ,depth from ,front to #a #d #f ,back ,the ,space that contains the ,fire within this ,stove1 ,broad in ,front #b #c #j ,depth of the ,bars #j #aj #f ,from ,front to ,back #a #j #j ,i ,,find1 by my own ,experience1 that the smallest ,size of these ,stoves1 will warm a ,room of ,twelve or ,fourteen ,foot ,square1 or the largest ,dressing ,closet4 ,the ,middle-sized ,grate will warm a ,room of #bj ,feet #bf1 and #ab or #ad ,feet high4 ,the largest ,size will warm a ,room of #ej ,feet by #be1 and about #bj or #bb ,feet high4 ,,as ,i have not advanced any thing1 but what ,i have proved from my own ,experience1 ,i shall omit what might be said from the ,testimony of others1 to ,time1 and the real ,merit of the ,machine2 which1 in all ,respects1 will answer for itself4 ,for the ,beginning of this ,attempt was founded upon ,theory and ,mechanick ,principles1 supported by ,observation and ,experience of what had happened before4 ,,but had not the same ,observation and ,experience1 likewise confirmed the ,use of this1 and all the ,advantages mentioned1 ,i should not have offered it to the ,publick4 ,jermyn-,street1 ,march #bb1 #agec4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,advertisement4 ,the ,inventor of this ,stove-,grate has contrived a ,stove for a ,laundry1 which answers all the ,ends desirable1 without any other ,fire1 and at one ,third part of the usual ,expence that keeps a ,fire in the common ,way4 ,it is moveable to any part of the ,room2 and stands on a boarded ,floor with the greatest ,safety4 ,it likewise may be placed in a ,room where there is no ,chimney1 and will serve for ,airing large ,rooms1 far preferable to the common ,braziers2 it warms a ,room sooner1 with greater ,safety1 and much less ,expence3 ,for ,half a ,bushel of ,coals will go farther than a ,bushel of ,charcoal in the common ,way4 ,,finis4 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcriber's ,notes3 ,punctuation has been made consistent4 ,variations in spelling and hyphenation were retained as they appear in the original publication1 except that obvious typographical errors have been corrected4