,,war-,,chess1 ,,or ,,the ,,game ,,of ,,battle4 ,,invented ,,by ,,colonel ,,charles ,,richardson1 ,,new ,,york3 ,c4 ,b4 ,,richardson1 ,,publisher1 #edj ,,broadway4 #ahff4 ,entered according to ,act of ,congress1 in the year #ahff1 ,,by ,,charles ,b4 ,,richardson1 ,in the ,clerk's ,office of the ,district ,court of the ,united ,states for the ,southern ,district of ,new ,york4 ,,composition ,,of ,,the ,,game ,,of ,,battle4 ,the ,game of ,battle represents two antagonistic armies1 one of which1 the ,attacking 7or ,invading7 ,army1 is composed of four figures1 each representing a regiment of ,light ,infantry2 five figures1 each representing a regiment of ,infantry of the ,line2 two figures1 each representing a regiment of ,cavalry2 two figures1 each representing a battery of ,artillery2 and one figure 7a wagon71 representing the 8,supply ,train10 in which it is to be supposed is carried all of the subsistence1 ordnance stores1 etc41 necessary for the maintenance and effectiveness of the army4 ,the object of the ,attacking ,army will be to capture the ,citadel4 ,the other army1 called the ,defending ,army1 is composed of four figures1 each representing a regiment of ,light ,infantry2 five figures1 each representing a regiment of ,infantry of the ,line2 two figures1 each representing a regiment of ,cavalry2 two figures1 each representing a battery of ,artillery2 and one figure1 the ,citadel1 representing a city in which are arms1 ammunition1 foundries1 subsistence supplies1 and all kinds of government property1 which it is of vital importance to hold4 ,the object1 therefore1 of the ,defending ,army will be to secure the ,citadel against capture4 ,,rules ,,of ,,the ,,game ,,of ,,battle4 ,light ,infantry moves one1 two1 or three squares1 at the discretion of the player1 directly forward1 right or left obliquely1 and one or two squares in any other direction1 and can,a take ,light ,infantry1 ,infantry of the ,line1 ,cavalry1 and ,artillery4 ,infantry of the ,line moves one or two squares in any direction1 at the discretion of the player1 and takes ,light ,infantry1 ,infantry of the ,line1 ,cavalry1 and ,artillery4 ,cavalry moves one1 two1 or three squares1 at the discretion of the player1 in any direction1 and takes ,light ,infantry1 ,infantry of the ,line1 ,cavalry1 and ,artillery4 ,artillery moves one1 two1 or three squares1 at the discretion of the player1 diagonally1 and can,b take ,artillery1 but cannot take ,light ,infantry1 ,infantry of the ,line1 or ,cavalry1 though it can check them2 that is1 neither of those figures can come within the range of the ,artillery1 except when protected by ,artillery of its side2 in which case ,light ,infantry1 ,infantry of the ,line1 ,cavalry1 or ,artillery1 can move on the first square next to the ,artillery of their side2 but ,light ,infantry1 ,infantry of the ,line1 or ,cavalry1 cannot occupy the second or third square2 nor can either of the last-named figures occupy the first square next to the ,artillery of their side1 if it is also the first square next to the ,artillery of the other side4 ,artillery can be placed there1 but of course could be taken by the ,artillery of the other side4 ,see ,plate #b1 ,figure #a4 ,artillery does not cover 7or command7 the second or third square from it when a figure intervenes4 ,see ,plate #b1 ,figure #b4 ,when a piece of artillery bears on a figure of the other side that is not on the first square next to the ,artillery of its side1 if ,cavalry1 ,light ,infantry1 or ,infantry of the ,line1 it must move out of range of ,artillery4 ,see ,plate #b1 ,figure #c4 ,artillery cannot be moved leaving a figure of ,cavalry1 ,light ,infantry1 or ,infantry of the ,line1 of its side1 in range of ,artillery of the opposite side4 ,see ,plate #b1 ,figure #d4 ,artillery cannot take the ,citadel2 but when placed so as to command it1 the defending party must bring some figure to the defence1 and take or drive off the ,artillery of the attacking party before moving otherwise4 ,artillery cannot take the ,wagon2 but when a piece of ,artillery of the defending side is placed so as to bring the ,wagon within its range1 if the attacking party cannot take that piece of ,artillery1 then the ,wagon must be moved out of its range4 ,the ,wagon cannot occupy the second or third square from its ,artillery1 if that square is in range of the ,artillery of the defending side2 nor can it occupy the first square next to the ,artillery of its side1 if it is also the first square next to the ,artillery of the defending side4 ,should all of the figures of a side be taken except the ,artillery1 that side loses the game1 as ,artillery cannot take the ,citadel or ,wagon4 ,light ,infantry1 ,infantry of the ,line1 or ,cavalry1 can take the ,citadel or ,wagon4 ,the capture of the ,citadel or ,wagon will decide the game4 ,,remarks ,,illustrating ,,the ,,power ,,of ,,the ,,figures ,,in ,,the ,,game1 ,,as ,,compared ,,with ,,that ,,of ,,troops ,,in ,,the ,,field4 ,the inventor has endeavored to give to the figures of his game a relative power which would1 as nearly as practicable1 accord with that of the arms represented4 ,it will be observed that the ,infantry of the ,line moves one or two squares in any direction1 and can take either ,infantry1 ,cavalry1 or ,artillery2 while the ,cavalry can move one1 two1 or three squares1 in any direction1 and can take either ,cavalry1 ,infantry1 or ,artillery4 ,we know that in a country comparatively level1 such as the board represents1 and presenting no obstacle except the river1 ,infantry or ,cavalry can move in any direction1 and under some circumstances either of those arms is good against the other4 ,it is1 of course1 necessary that there should be some distinction in the moves of the different figures2 and as ,cavalry can move more rapidly than ,infantry1 it has power to move three squares1 while the ,infantry of the ,line moves but two4 ,perhaps it will be said by some that the ,cavalry has the advantage of the ,infantry2 but on placing a piece of ,cavalry and a piece of ,infantry on the board1 by cautious playing1 it will be found almost impossible to capture the ,infantry with the single piece of ,cavalry4 ,in the field1 a regiment of ,infantry1 attacked by a regiment of ,cavalry1 might easily escape altogether1 or may repulse and capture the regiment of ,cavalry4 ,the reverse may happen1 and the ,cavalry1 well handled1 may defeat and capture the regiment of ,infantry4 ,the ,light ,infantry moves one1 two1 or three squares1 directly forward1 right or left obliquely1 and one or two squares in any other direction4 ,the object of this is1 chiefly1 that there shall be a distinguishing power between it and the ,infantry of the ,line4 ,light ,infantry in the field does1 or should1 have the advantage in moving more rapidly2 besides1 it often has arms of a longer range1 and can be used more successfully when a sudden and rapid movement is necessary4 ,the ,artillery moves diagonally1 and has a range of three squares on the diagonals4 ,it cannot move perpendicularly or laterally1 therefore has no power in those directions4 ,the ,artillery can attain any position on the board1 but cannot always reach it directly1 as does the ,infantry and ,cavalry1 but1 in many instances1 must make a detour to the right or left4 ,this distinguishing move is proper1 inasmuch as a carriage cannot always follow the course of a man or horse1 yet it may reach any point that they can in a country such as is represented by the board4 8,infantry or ,cavalry cannot move in range of ,artillery of the opposing side1 except when protected by ,artillery of their side10 etc4 ,artillery in the field may occupy a position1 several approaches to which it may so thoroughly command that it would be impracticable for ,infantry or ,cavalry to take it1 unassisted by ,artillery1 by either of those approaches4 ,artillery would have to be brought up in order to operate on the first-named ,artillery1 or some other line of attack must be sought4 ,in the game1 when one piece of ,artillery is not protected by another1 there are four other points at which it may be assailed1 namely1 the angles of the square4 ,but when one piece of ,artillery is supported by another1 neither can be taken by ,cavalry or ,infantry without the aid of their ,artillery4,c ,if a battery in the field occupied a position commanding thoroughly all of the approaches to it1 and another battery of the same side was placed a short distance behind it1 say in easy range1 and commanded the first battery1 it would be very difficult for ,cavalry or ,infantry to take the first-mentioned battery2 and if they succeeded in taking it1 they could not easily1 if at all1 hold it while under the fire of the supporting battery4 ,it may appear that the ,artillery in the game has too much power2 but it must be remembered that a piece of ,artillery of one side can always take a piece of ,artillery of the other side that is placed in its range4 ,it often occurs in the field that one battery is brought up close under the fire of another1 to dislodge it2 and if both are well served1 one must soon give way4 ,see ,plate #d1 ,figure #a4 ,the ,wagon1,d representing the ,supply ,train1 moves diagonally1 like the ,artillery1 but only one or two squares at a time2 for it should not move so rapidly1 therefore it does not move so far4 ,the player should be careful to guard the ,wagon1 for if it is captured he loses the game4 ,an invading army entering a country where supplies cannot be procured1 must necessarily carry them with him2 and should his train be captured1 with a good army in his front1 he would be in great danger of destruction4 ,,suggestions ,,to ,,players4 ,the attacking party should first determine upon a plan of attack4 ,then proceed to arrange his figures in proper order for the accomplishment of his plan4 ,he should guard his lines1 by throwing forward ,light ,infantry and ,cavalry2 but will endeavor to avoid an engagement until his order of attack is formed4 ,unless to secure a very decided advantage1 when once put in operation his first plan should not be abandoned4 ,the time lost in arranging a new plan may be taken advantage of by the defending party1 who might assume the offensive and win the game4 ,the defending party1 at the opening of the game1 should throw forward ,light ,infantry and ,cavalry1 to guard against any rapid movement to take the ,citadel1 that may be attempted by the attacking party with ,cavalry and ,light ,infantry4 ,this will also give him time and space for moving up and arranging his figures in proper order for defence4 ,in advancing the ,cavalry and ,light ,infantry1 great caution should be observed in placing the figures on the squares most desirable for checking the advance of the attacking party1 while at the same time they are not endangered4 ,no figure should be lost1 if it can be avoided1 at this stage of the game2 and no figure of the attacking party1 except ,artillery1 should be taken at the risk of the loss of one of the defending party4 ,indeed1 the defending side should continue to remain strictly on the defence till a good opportunity is offered for an attack2 as1 for instance1 when the figures of the attacking party are scattered1 and not in supporting distance of each other4 ,it is1 however1 best not to cross the river until the attacking side is weakened by a considerable loss4 ,early in the game1 an opportunity is seldom offered by a good player1 where it is safe for the defending party to cross the river with a single figure2 and it is only when the attacking party has been weakened by the loss of three or four figures1 that two or three figures can be spared from the defence4 ,when such advance is determined upon1 be always careful to leave the ,citadel as securely guarded as possible4 ,if the attacking party be an expert player1 he will avoid an engagement until he has arranged his figures in order for a grand attack4 ,if it is discovered that he is thus engaged1 every good opportunity to annoy him1 and prevent the formation of his plan1 should be taken advantage of by manuvres1 feints1 and sometimes real attacks1 particularly at his ,artillery3 and his ,artillery should be taken1 if possible1 even if it involve the loss of one or two figures of the defending party2 for by the loss of one piece of his ,artillery he will be more crippled than by the loss of almost any two other figures4 ,the game requires the constant attention of the players4 ,often the slightest mistake leads to defeat2 therefore be careful that every move is for a purpose4,e ,illustration3 ,,plate #a4 figure #a4 figure #b4 ,explanation to ,plate #a4 ,the board has one hundred and thirty-nine 7#aci7 squares that can be occupied4 ,it represents a comparatively level field1 traversed by a river impassable except at the fords and bridge4 ,in crossing the fords and bridge the figures move one1 two1 or three squares1 according to their power1 as elsewhere on the board4 ,the short black lines indicate the entrances to the fords and bridge4 ,a figure cannot take1 or check1 another across the river1 except at the fords and bridge4 ,for example1 a figure on square #ci cannot take1 or check1 a figure on square #ed2 nor can a figure on square #ee take1 or check1 a figure on square #dj or #dh4 7,squares are numbered in ,plate #d47 ,,arrangement ,,of ,,the ,,figures ,,on ,,commencing ,,the ,,game4 ,on the defending side1 ,cavalry occupies the first square on the right of the line of nine squares4 ,artillery1 the second4 ,infantry of the ,line1 third1 fourth1 and fifth4 ,cavalry1 sixth4 ,artillery1 seventh4 ,infantry of the ,line1 eighth and ninth4 ,the ,citadel1 fifth square from the right of the first line of eight squares4 ,light ,infantry1 first1 third1 fifth1 and seventh squares of the second row of seven squares4 ,the figures of the attacking side are arranged like those of the defence1 except that the ,wagon is placed on the fifth square of the line of nine squares1 and a piece of ,infantry of the ,line on the first square immediately in front of it4 ,explanation to ,plate #b4 ,,figure #a4--,when two pieces of ,artillery1 of opposite sides1 are thus placed1 no figure1 except ,artillery1 can occupy the squares one or two4 ,if ,artillery is placed on either square1 it can be taken by the ,artillery of the other side4 ,,figure #b4--,the figure on square nine cannot now move on square seven1 because 8a figure cannot occupy the second or third square from its ,artillery1 if that square is in range of the ,artillery of the other side40 ,but if the figure on square eight moves to square six1 then the figure on square nine could occupy square seven1 for that square will not then be covered by the ,artillery on square five4 ,should the figure on square eight be placed on square four1 then the ,artillery on squares three and five do not protect each other2 and in that case the ,cavalry on square ten could take either of them3 or the figure on square nine could take the ,artillery on square five1 and if it were taken by the figure that was on square eight1 now on square four1 then the ,artillery on square three could be taken by the ,cavalry on square ten4 ,,figure #c4--;,in this case1 if the ,artillery on square fourteen is moved to square fifteen1 then the figures on squares sixteen and seventeen would be in range of that piece1 and must move 7one at a time1 of course72 or after one is moved1 the ,artillery on square eighteen may be brought up on the next square to the remaining figure4 ,for example1 if the figure on square sixteen be moved out of range1 then the ,artillery on square eighteen could be moved to square nineteen1 to the support of the figure on square seventeen4 ,if either of the squares sixteen or seventeen should be occupied by ,artillery1 of course that figure could take the ,artillery moved to square fifteen4 ,,figure #d4--,white figures representing the attacking party1 and the black figures the defending party4 ,the attacking party having the move1 suppose the figure of ,cavalry on square twenty is moved to square twenty-one or twenty-two1 then the ,artillery on square twenty-five is in danger of capture when the attacking party has another move4 ,now the ,artillery on square twenty-five cannot move1 leaving the figure on square twenty-four in range of the ,artillery on square twenty-three4 ,if the player desires to save his ,artillery on square twenty-five1 he might move the figure or square twenty-four to square twenty-six1 in order to protect his ,artillery from capture by the ,cavalry moved to twenty-one or twenty-two2 and if that piece were taken by the ,cavalry1 he would then have an opportunity to move his ,artillery away4 ,illustration3 ,,plate #b4 figure #a4 figure #b4 figure #c4 figure #d4 ,illustration3 ,,plate #c4 figure #a4 figure #b4 ,explanation to ,plate #c4 ,,figure #a4--,shows how the ,wagon may be taken4 ,suppose the attacking party1 having been repulsed with considerable loss1 is driven back from the river1 pursued by the defending party1 and the figures of the two sides occupy the squares indicated in this plate--the white figures representing the invading army1 and the black figures the defending army4 ,the defending party having the move1 suppose the ,artillery on square fourteen is moved to square thirteen4 ,then the ,cavalry on square eight must move1 as 8no figure1 except ,artillery1 can occupy the first square next to the ,artillery of its side1 if it is also the first square next to the ,artillery of the other side40 ,if the ,cavalry on square eight is moved to square four1 then the ,artillery now on square thirteen can take the ,artillery on square five1 and could be taken by the ,cavalry moved to square four1 or the ,infantry on square six1 or the ,artillery on square two4 ,suppose it 7the ,artillery of defending side having taken the ,artillery on square five7 is taken by the ,cavalry now occupying square four2 then the ,cavalry on square eleven could take the ,artillery on square two1 and if it 7the ,cavalry of defending side1 moved to square two7 is taken by the ,cavalry of attacking party now on square five1 or the ,infantry on square six1 then the ,infantry of defending party1 on square seven1 could take the ,wagon on square one4 ,there are many other combinations for the capture of the ,wagon4 ,,figure #b4--,shows how the ,citadel may be taken4 ,light ,infantry1 ,infantry of the ,line1 or ,cavalry of the attacking side1 can take the ,citadel when it is within their range1 if no figure intervenes4 ,for example1 if the ,artillery of the defending side is placed as indicated in this figure 7on squares eight and ten71 a figure of ,cavalry or ,light ,infantry of the attacking party1 on square one1 or a figure of ,cavalry1 ,infantry of the ,line1 or ,light ,infantry1 being on square two1 three1 four1 six1 or seven1 or a figure of ,cavalry on square five1 could take the ,citadel1 if the attacking side had the move4 ,but suppose the defending party had the move1 and a figure of ,cavalry or ,infantry occupied square one or two1 and either piece of ,artillery was placed on square nine2 then the figure on square one or two could not take the ,citadel1 but must move out of range of the ,artillery4 ,if the ,artillery on square ten is moved to square nine1 then the figure of the attacking side on square two could occupy square three1 and the next move could take the ,citadel2 or if the ,artillery on square eight were moved to square nine1 then the figure on square two could move to square seven1 and on its next move could take the ,citadel2 for though the ,citadel would be in range of the ,artillery on square nine1 that would not prevent its capture4 ,a city may be very well defended on one side1 and yet might be easily taken at another point4 ,of course1 the ,cavalry and ,infantry should co-operate with the ,artillery in defending the ,citadel2 and the player should endeavor to prevent the attacking party from occupying any square from which it could be taken4 ,explanation to ,plate #d4 ,,figure #a4--;,if the ,artillery on square #ba is moved to square #bb1 the ,artillery on square #bf can take it1 or move out of range4 ,if the ,artillery on square #bf takes the ,artillery moved to square #bb1 then it could be taken by the ,cavalry on square #bj1 or the ,artillery on square #bc4 ,if it1 on the other hand1 moves to square #bg1 it could be taken by the ,artillery on square #bc2 and if it is moved to square #bd1 #be1 or #ca1 it could be taken by the figure on square #cj4 ,but if it is not moved at all1 then the ,artillery moved to square #bb could take it its next move4 ,,figure #b4--,shows how the figures of the game can be moved4 8,cavalry can be moved one1 two1 or three squares1 in any direction1 at the discretion of the player10 provided the way is not obstructed by another figure4 ,for instance1 the ,cavalry on square #ae could not be moved to square #ab1 because the figure on square #ac intervenes4 ,nor1 if the cavalry is moved to square #cg1 could it afterwards be moved to square #ce or #cd1 while a figure occupied square #cf4 ,if the ,cavalry on square #ae is moved to square #cg1 it could afterwards be moved to square #bi1 #ba1 or #ab1 or to #bb or #f1 or to #cj1 #bc1 or #ae1 or to #ch1 or to #de or #ec1 or to #eb1 #fe1 or #gf1 or to #dd1 #ea1 or #eg1 etc4 8,light ,infantry moves one1 two1 or three squares1 directly forward1 right or left obliquely1 and one or two squares in any other direction1 at the discretion of the player40 ,now1 if a piece of ,light ,infantry occupies square #cf1 it could be moved directly forward to square #ea1 #fd1 or #ge2 left obliquely to square #dc1 #ej1 or #ef2 right obliquely1 to square #dd1 #eb1 or #ei2 to the left1 to square #ce or #cd2 obliquely to the left and rear1 to square #bh or #bj2 to the rear1 to square #ba or #e2 obliquely to the right and rear1 to square #bi or #bb2 and to the right1 to square #cg or #ch4 8,infantry of the ,line moves one or two squares1 at the discretion of the player1 in any direction40 ,if a piece of ,infantry of the ,line were on square #ac1 it could be moved either to square #bi1 #dd1 #ba1 #bh1 #ab1 #e1 #f1 #ad1 #bb1 or #cj1 etc4 8,artillery moves diagonally1 one1 two1 or three squares at a time1 at the discretion of the player40 ,a figure of ,artillery being on square #i1 could be moved to square #a1 #b1 #ag1 #bd1 #ca1 #ah1 #bf1 or #cd4 ,if it were moved to square #ca1 it could then be moved to square #ci1 #dg1 or #ee1 or back to #bd1 #ag1 or #i1 etc4 ,if a piece of ,artillery occupied square #ea1 no figure of the opposite party1 except ,artillery1 could be placed on square #eh1 #fe1 #gc1 #eg1 #fc1 #gj1 #dc1 #ce1 #bg1 #dd1 #cg1 or #cj1 unless that square were next to the ,artillery of the other side4 ,see rules of the game relative to ,artillery1 page #f4 8,the ,wagon can be moved one or two squares at a time1 at the discretion of the player40 ,the ,wagon being on square #aa1 could be moved to square #c1 #d1 #bj1 #bh1 #ai1 or #bf1 etc4 ,illustration3 ,,plate #d4 figure #a4 figure #b4 ,,footnotes3 ,a ,when a piece is taken it is removed from the board1 and the piece by which it is taken is placed on the square which was occupied by the captured piece4 ,b ,whenever a piece of ,artillery of one side is placed in range of a piece of ,artillery of the other side1 the first piece can be taken by the second4 ,see ,plate #d1 ,figure #a4 ,c ,the necessity of the co-operation of two or all of the different arms represented1 and in many instances their dependence on the support of each other1 is demonstrated in many real battles4 ,d ,the ,wagon is captured in the same manner as other figures are2 it cannot be taken while under cover of a piece of ,artillery of its side4 ,e ,success sometimes rewards a bold operator1 in this game as well as in war1 who1 ignoring all accepted theorems1 ventures upon a hazardous enterprise4 ,,transcriber',s ,,notes3 ,italicized text is surrounded by underscores3 italics4 ,obvious typographical errors have been corrected4